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Showing posts with the label Hong Kong history

The Bilingual Riot Act — the October 1884 strike, the Sai-Ying-Pun riot, and the Peace Preservation Ordinance

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摘要 1884年10月,中法戰爭的炮火雖未波及香港,香港華人社區卻陷入一場政治危機。事件起因於香港華人拒為法國艦隻提供服務,政府隨即在警署法庭對船戶施以罰款。10月1日,各行會決定全面罷工,碼頭空無一人,華人小艇悉數駛往九龍對岸集會;10月3日,返港船工在西營盤遭襲擊,爆發全城騷亂。行政局當晚通過緊急措施,其中一項規定:軍隊出動協助警察時,須由裁判官以「英文及可能時以中文」宣讀《暴動法》。同月9日,立法局在非常會議中三讀通過《維持公安條例》(1884年第22號條例),當日刊憲生效,時限至1885年4月1日。然而,因傳播「偽諭」而被檢控的《華字日報》印刷人譚益Kin(Tam Yik Kin,中文名未見於檔案),10月22日在陪審團前被判無罪,其餘三名編輯的檢控亦告撤銷。此文依據 hkintexts 文獻庫的憲報、行政局及立法局會議記錄、英廷檔案(CO 129/217–218)及當時中英文報刊,重構這一危機的完整鏈條,並對「致命傷亡」「三合會二萬人」等傳聞作分層處理。 一、引言 1 2 1884年秋冬,香港因中法之戰而陷入雙重危機:一方面,法國艦隊在東京灣活動,本地華人被號召拒為法國服務;另一方面,清廷方面傳出的「偽諭」經本地中文報刊轉載,殖民政府視為顛覆。本文的核心論點是:這一危機並非單純的「排法」運動,而是一場由底層船工、華人精英、殖民官僚與中文報業共同角力的政治事件;其結果不是簡單的鎮壓,而是一部短命的《維持公安條例》、一次未能定罪的檢控,以及一份「三分壞人自動離境」的行政報告。 二、拒絕服務與罰款 3 1884年9月底,香港船戶因拒絕為法國艦隻運送牛隻、拒絕為法國郵船《哲墨丹》( Djemnah )卸貨而被罰款。此舉並未平息事態,反而激化了船工的對抗情緒。 4 10月1日,香港各行會決定全面停工;小艇紛紛駛往九龍對岸的清廷管轄地集會,港內碼頭空無一人。當時報刊指稱有「三四個來自廣東的委員」持械威嚇勞工,並聲稱違者將遭處決——這些指控並無獨立檔案佐證,應視為危機期間的傳聞。 三、10月3日:西營盤騷亂 5 10月3日,返港船工在西營盤遭襲擊,磚石橫飛,皇后大道西與缺口街一帶宛如戰場。兩連英軍(Buffs)由哈里森少校(Major Harrison)指揮,持刺刀趕赴現場;警檢溫懷斯(Mr Wise)隨身攜帶《暴動法》文本,但因局勢未失控而...

The City That Begged for Rain — Hong Kong's recurring water anxiety, 1851–1988

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Research article The City That Begged for Rain Hong Kong’s recurring water anxiety, 1851–1988 Histsyn · Independent research Compiled 12 October 2026 · Endnotes and bibliography after The Chicago Manual of Style , 17th ed. Abstract Hong Kong’s water history is not the history of one drought; it is the history of a recurrence, and the recurrence is written in the colony’s own words. On 26 May 1886 Government House warned the Commodore that the Colony was “on the eve of a water famine ” — the phrase enters the colonial record that year, in Sessional Paper No. 42, and the answer is the Navy’s three-inch pipe, Lane Crawford’s lighters and the Public Works Department’s water-boat. In December 1901 the Public Works Committee minuted a city of 211,900 inhabitants “now confronted by a serious water famine”; Chatham’s report of 26 February 1902 answers with t...

The Grande Dame's Full Life — the Hongkong Hotel, 1865–1926 (and after)

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Research article The Grande Dame’s Full Life The Hongkong Hotel, 1865–1926 (and after) Histsyn · Independent research Compiled 9 October 2026; redo pass 11 October 2026 · Endnotes and bibliography after The Chicago Manual of Style , 17th ed. Abstract The colony’s grande dame is usually read at her birth: the incorporation advertisement of 28 December 1865 — $300,000 of capital, 15,000 shares of $100 each , a site at Pedder’s Wharf — “the very best site for a large Public Hotel in the whole Colony”. This paper reads her whole life in the documentary record: the subscribers’ meeting that preceded the birth notice; the opening of March 1868; the attempt to blow up the Union Dock Company’s office inside the hotel ten weeks later — five gunpowder “torpedoes” with joss-stick fuses on the night of Sunday 31 May 1868, the China Mail ’s “GUY ...