PromiumCA
Moderate,
Liberal.
TANDARD JUKE OFFICE.
Collationes Irald over dam,/00, @@
MOTOR SPURNA.
Shower Payko 120%
EIGENTUM
DES
INSTITUTS
FOR
THOS. WELTWIRTSCHAFT
KIEL
CONTRACTORS TO
Asphalte an
BIBLIOTHEK
& CO.
GOVERNMENTS
anufacturers
Also of Distilled Dehydrate NR. X25 oad Board Specification
IMPORTERS OF TODAY A
AND BITUMEN
PROPRIETORS OF DAY'S ENAMEL FOR SHIPS, AND ANTI-FOULING COMPOSITIONS
Office & Works:-CANAL BANK, BLACK HORSE BRIDGE,
DEPTFORD, LONDON, ENGLAND
HARRISON'S
REGISTERED.
IMPORTS ALTEN.
NE GENUINE UNLESS EACH CASK CONTARE
A SIGNED
LABEL
SON & CO
HARRISON H
THOS
MARK
LONDON
NARRISON'S
METALURKER. WAN
ASPHALTE
ASPHALTE
This Article is packed in casks averaging 4-cwt. o-qrs. 14-lbs. Gross, Tare 21-lbs., as it has been packed and sent to India, Far East and the Colonies for more than 60 years. Invoiced on nett weights.
It is invaluable for Railway Work, Viaducts. Bridges, Floors, Godowns, Drying Grounds, Damp Courses, and for all purposes for which Asphalte is applicable.
Its antiseptic properties and hygienic value are too well known to need comment.
It being impervious to moisture and all kinds of vermin, makes it the cleanest of floors.
To obtain the full advantages of this article it must be borne in mind that the best article is the only one that can be relied on, and our Asphalte has stood the test of 60 years.
To ensure obtaining HARRISON'S ASPHALTE, it is necessary to see that a signed label is in every Cask.
There is still a large and increasing demand for our Asphalte, although we are competing with cheaper sorts. It is most essential to obtain an article as reliable as ours, as the cost of removing an inferior article, when once laid (if not impossible), would be very great.
In this article the small difference in price cannot be compared with the loss the use of an inferior article may entail.
Shipments made through Merchants in Great Britain, and we shall be glad to have your esteemed enquiries and orders through them, and we are also prepared to give any further information or advice as to its use, etc.
TWO POPULAR HOTELS IN CENTRAL LONDON
OPPOSITE THE BRITISH MUSEUM
HACKERAY HOTEL
GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON
NEAR THE BRITISH MUSEUM
INCSLEY HOTEL
HART STREET, BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, LONDON
TH
HESE Temperance Hotels are situated close together in one of the healthiest districts of London. They are very near the British Museum, the Thackeray Hotel being directly opposite and the Kingsley within two minutes" walk of that famous place of interest.
The Hotels are most favourably situated with regard to the Houses of Parliament, Law Courts, Art Galleries and Theatres. In fact, they are within easy walking distance or short cab-drive of nearly all places of interest frequented by those visiting London. They are almost equi-distant from the great Railways, North, South, East and West; also the Museum and Holborn Stations of the Electric Railways being so close at hand, bring the Hotels to within 8 to 10 minutes of the City, Royal Exchange, and the Bank of England; while the Agricultural Hall, South Kensington, Earl's Court, Olympia, etc., can be reached within 15 to 30 minutes.
LOUNGES.
Spacious Dining, Drawing, Writing, Reading, Billiard and Smoking Rooms. Perfect Sanitation. Floors Fireproof Throughout. Night Porters. Telephone.
PASSENGER LIFTS, ELECTRIC LIGHT THROUGHOUT BATH ROOMS ON EVERY FLOOR, HEATED THROUGHOUT
Single Bedroom, Attendance and Table d'Hote Breakfast from 5s. 6d. with Table d'Hote Dinner from 8s. 6d
FULL TARIFF AND TESTIMONIALS ON APPLICATION
Intending visitors are requested to send an intimation, if possible, by post or telegram prior to arrival, that rooms may be reserved
{
Telegraphic Addresses:
THACKERAY HOTEL: "THACKERAY, LONDON" KINGSLEY HOTEL: "BOOKCRAFT, LONDON"
Telephones:
{
THACKERAY HOTEL: MUSEUM 1230 (2 Lines)
KINGSLEY HOTEL: MUSEUM 1232 (2 Lines)
TSINGTAO BEER
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PHILIPPINE
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Drawn and Engraved for the Directory & Chronicle
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DUTCH
PAPUA OR
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THE
DIRECTORY & CHRONICLE
FOR
CHINA, JAPAN, COREA, INDO-CHINA,
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, MALAY STATES,
SIAM, NETHERLANDS INDIA, BORNEO,
THE PHILIPPINES, &c.
WHICH ARE INCORPORATED "THE CHINA DIRECTORY" "THE HONGKONG DIRECTORY AND HONG LIST FOR THE FAR EAST"
WITH
FOR THE YEAR
1916
AND
XxxxII R.32.
Hir
Institut
•Soeverkehr
Universität
Kiel.
und
Lk. 19. 250.
FIFTY-FOURTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, LTD.
10A, DES VEUX ROAD, HONGKONG, AND 131, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. MDCCCCXVI.
Price Thirty Shillings (Net)
AGENTS
LONDON
Do.
Do.
PARIS
Office of "Hongkong Daily Press," 131, Fleet Street, E.C. ....Mr. F. Algar, 11, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C.
Messrs. G. Street & Co., Ltd., 30, Cornhill, E.C.
Messrs. G. E. Puel de Lobel & Cie., 53, Rue Lafayette
SAN FRANCISCO.........The Fisher Advertising Agency
SEOUL (COEEA)
SOUTH AFRICA
SYDNEY
MELBOURNE
BRISBANE
CALCUTTA
29
"Seoul Press Office, Seoul
..Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Long Street, Cape Town
.Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, 123, Pitt Street
.Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, 124 and 126, Queen Street .Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Queen Street
Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co., 5 and 6, Government Place
BOMBAY .................." Times of India" Office
Do.
COLOMBO.......
BATAVIA
Messrs. Thac' er & Co.
.Messrs. A. M. & J. Ferguson, "Ceylon Observer" Office
Drukkerij Papyru (H. M. Van Dorp & Co.)
SINGAPORE ...........Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, 32, Raffles Place FEDERATED MALAY STATES... Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Singapore
Mr. J. Nimmo Wardrop, Sandakan
...Cie. de Commerce et de Nav. d'Extreme-Orient.;
do.
TONKIN{HAIPHONG)...
.Philippine Education Co.
BORNEO
SAIGON......
MANILA
YOKOHAMA....
KOBE & OSAKA
"C
NAGASAKI
FORMOSA..................................
....Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, 60, Main Street
Japan Chronicle" Office, Kobe
Nagasaki Press" Office
..Mr. G. Miedbrodt, Taipeh
VLADIVOSTOCK ......... Messrs. Sinkievitch Bros.
PEKING & TIENTSIN ...G. M. Gillard & Co.
SHANGHAI, &c.
Do.
Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, The Bund ....Messrs. Brewer & Co.
YANGTSZE PORTS
......Messrs. Kelly
Walsh, Limited, Shanghai
Снегоо
.....Me srs. Curtis Brothers
FOOCHOW
ΑΜΟΥ
SWATOW
CANTON
MACAO.....
BANGKOK...
"
Bangkok Times" Office
Messrs. T Brockett & Co.
.Messrs. A. S. Watson & Co., Limited, Kulangsu
..Kwai Fung, Wai An Street
Sociad de Economica Portugueza
.Mr. A. A. de Mello
HANKOW
TOKIO...
TSINGTAU
.Hankow Dispens irv
... Mes rs. Ke ly & Walsh, Ltd. ...Messrs Cornabe, Eckford & Co.
DAIREN .................................................. Mr. F. J. Bardens
Amoy, Descriptive and Statistical
Amoy, Directory.
Auuam, Descriptive
Aunam Directory
Annam Provinces, Directory
Autung, Descriptive and Directory
INDEX, DIRECTORY
968
Kowloon (Chinese), Descriptive and Directory
996
970 .1162
Kowloon, Streets Diectory
1122
Kuliang Descriptive ..
963
1163
Kyoto, Descriptive and Directory
602
1165
Labuan, Descriptive .
.1498
756
Labuan Directory
1499
Bangkok, Descriptive and Statistical
1190
Lappa, Descriptive and Directory
997
Bangkok, Directory
1192
Lungchow, Descriptive and Statistical
.1009
Batavia, Descriptive and Statistical
1401
Lungchow Directory..
1110
Batavia Directory
..1402
Macao, Descriptive and Statistical
1123
Borneo, British North, Descriptive and Statistical.
1491
Macao Directory
1125
Borneo. British North, Directory
.1493
Macao, Ladies' Directory
1135
Borneo, Descriptive and Statistical
.1487
Macassar, Descriptive and Directory
.1423
Brunei, Descriptive
..1500
Malacca, Descriptive and Statistical
1297
Brunei Directory
..1501
Malacca Directory
.12-9
Buitenzorg, Descriptive
.1401
Malay States (Federated), Descriptive
1307
Cambodge, Descriptive and Statistical
.1185
Malay States (Non-Federated)
..1367
Cambodge Directory
.1186
Manchurian Trade Centres
748
Canton, Descriptive and Statistical
981
Manila, Descriptive and Statistical
..1439
Cauton Directory
984
Manila Directory
.1441
Cebu, Descriptive and Directory
Changchun, Descriptive
Changchun Directory
Changsha, Descriptive
Changsha Directory
Chefoo, Descriptive and Statistical
Chefoo Directory
.1480
Manila, Insurance Offices
1474
754
Mêngtsz, Descriptive and Statistical
.1111
755
Mêngtsz Directory
.1112
946
Moji, Descriptive
624
947
Moji Directory
624
764
Mukden, Descriptive
748
765
Mukden Directory
749
China, Descriptive and Statistical
669
Nagasaki, Descriptive and Statistical
627
Chinkiang, Descriptive and Directory
913
Nagasaki Directory
628
Chosen, Descriptive and Statistical
Chungking, Descriptive and Statistical
Cholon, Descriptive and Directory
Chosen Ports, Descriptive and Directories
Chungking Directory
1185
Nanking, Descriptive
915
655
Nanking Directory
916
662-668
Nanning, Descriptive and Directory
1003
950
Naval Squadron, Japanese
.1507
952
Naval Squadron, United States.
.1503
Cochin China, Descriptive
1170
Negri Sembilan, Descriptive and Statistical.
1355
Daitotei, Directory
649
Negri Sembilan Directory
1356
Dairen, Descriptive
759
Netherlands India, Descriptive and Statistical
.1382
Dairen Directory
760
Netherlands India Directory
.1391
Foochow, Descriptive and Statistical
961
Newchwang, Descriptive and Statistical
743
Foochow Directory
963
Newchwang Directory
744
Foreign Residents, Alphabetical List of
.1515
Nicolajewsk, Descriptive
540
Formosa, Descriptive
645
Ningpo, Descriptive and Directory
957
Haiphong, Descriptive and Directory
1151
Hakata, Directory
627
Hakodate, Descriptive and Statistical
593
Osaka, Descriptive and Statistical Osaka Directory
Padang, Descriptive and Directory
596
597
..1421
Hakodate Directory
594
Pahang, Descriptive and Statistica..
.1364
Hangchow, Descriptive and Statistical.
951
Pahang Directory
.1365
Hangchow Directory
955
Pakhoi, Descriptive and Directory
.1006-
Hankow, Descriptive and Statistical
923
Peitaiho and Chingwangtao, Descriptive
742
Hankow Directory
926
Peitaiho and Chingwang tao, Directory
743
Hanoi, Descriptive and Statistical.
.1139
Peking, Descriptive and Statistical.
691
Hanoi Directory
.1140
Peking Directory
694
Harbin, Descriptive and Directory
751
Penang, Descriptive and Statistical
1279
Hoihow, Descriptive and Statistical.
.1008
Penang Directory
..1280
Hoihow Directory
1009
Perak, Descriptive and Statistical
1308
Hokow, Descriptive and Directory
1013
Perak Directory.
1310
Hongkong, Classified List of Trades, &c.
.1698
Perlis, Descriptive and Directory.
..1381
Hongkong, Descriptive and Statistical
.1016
Philippines, Descriptive and Statistical
.1436
Hongkong Directory
1033
Port Arthur, Descriptive
757
Hongkong, Insurance Offices
.1105
Port Arthur Directory
758
Hongkong Ladies' Directory
1107
Quinhon, Descriptive and Directory
1166
Hongkong, Peak Residents.
Hongkong, Peak Roads Directory
Hongkong Streets Directory
Huê, Descriptive and Directory
1112
Saigon, Descriptive and Statistical
.1171
1121
Saigon Directory
.1172
1115
Samshui, Descriptive
997
1163
Samshui Directory
998
Ichang, Descriptive and Statistical
948
Santuao, Descriptive
960
Ichang Directory
949
Santuao, Directory
961
Indo-China, French, Descriptive
.1137
Sarawak, Descriptive and Statistical
.1487
Iloilo, Descriptive and Statistical
.1476
Sarawak Directory..
.1488
Iloilo Directory
.1477
Selangor, Descriptive and Statistical
..1331
Japan, Classified List of Trades and Professions.
633
Selangor Directory..
.1332
Japan, Descriptive and Statistical
545
Semarang, Descriptive and Directory.
.1417
Johore, Descriptive and Statistical
.1368
Seoul, Descriptive
658
Johore Directory
.1369
Seoul Directory
658
Kedah, Descriptive and Directory
1379
Shanghai, Classified List of Trades, &c.
892
Kelantan, Descriptive and Statistical
1374
Shanghai, Descriptive and Statistical.
778
Kelautan Directory
1375
Keelung Directory
Shanghai Directory
801
651
Shanghai, Insurance Offices
904
Kewkiang, Descriptive and Directory
921
Kiaochau, Descriptive
Shanghai, Roads in the Settlements
907
773
Kirin, Descriptive and Directory
Shasi, Descriptive
945
755
Shasi Directory
946
Kobe-Hyogo, Descriptive and Statistical
604
Kobe-Hyogo Directory
Shimonoseki, Descriptive and Directory
624
605
Siam, Descriptive and Statistical
1189
Kobe-Hyogo, Insurance Offices
622
Kongmoon, Descriptive
Singapore, Classified List of Trades, &c.
1272
999
Si
Kongmoon Directory
gapore, Descriptive and Statistical
1222
.1001
Kouang-tcheon-wan, Descriptive
Singapore Directory
1226
..1004
Kouang-tcheou-wan Directory
Singapore, Insurance Offices
.1277
.1005
Soochow, Descriptive and Directory
3.1
1*
iv
Soerabaia, Descriptive Soerabaia Directory
Steamers, Coasting and River Straits Settlements, Descriptive Sumatra (East Coast), Descriptive.
INDEX
1412 Tokyo Directory
551
1413
Tonkin, Descriptive
.1138
.1508
Tonkin Provinces Directory
.1159
.1221
Tourane, Descriptive and Directory
.1165
1424
Trengganu, Descriptive and Directory
1378
Sumatra (East Coast) Directory.
.1425
Tsingtau (Kiaochau), Descriptive.
773
Swatow, Descriptive and Statistical
975
Tsinanfu, Descriptive
775
Swatow Directory
976
Tsinanfu Directory..
776
Szemao, Descriptive
..1014
Vladivostock, Descriptive
539
Szemao Directory
.1011
Vladivostock Directory
540
Taipeh Directory
649
Wei-hai-wei, Descriptive.
770
Tainan, Takow and Anping, Descriptive and Statistical.. 652
Wei-hai-wei Directory
771
Tainan, Takow and Anping Directory
653
Wênchow, Descriptive and Statistical
959
Taku, Descriptive and Statistical
740
Wênchow Directory
960
Taku Directory
741
Wuchow Descriptive and Statistical
1001
Tamsui, Descriptive and Statistical
.647
Wuchow Directory
1002
Tamsui Directory
648
Wuhu, Descriptive and Statistical
919
Tengyueh, Descriptive and Directory
.1013
Wuhu Directory. ·
920
Tengyueh Directory
....1014
Yochow, Descriptive .
943
Tientsin, Classified List of Trades and Professions..
735
Yochow Directory
944
Tientsin, Descriptive and Statistical
707
Yokohama, Descriptive and Statistical.
571
Tientsin Directory.
Tientsin Insurance Offices
709 Yokohama Directory
572
738
Yokohama, Insurance Offices
592
Tokyo, Descriptive and Statistical
550
TREATIES, CODES AND GENERAL
Advertisers, Index to..
Agents..
Calendar and Chronology?
Calendar, Anglo-Chinese.
Ixiv
Great Britain, Emigration Convention, 1904. Great Britain, Kowloon Extension, 1898 Great Britain, Nanking, 1842
57
23
3
lxiii
Great Britain, Opium Agreement, 1911
69
Chair and Boat Hire, IIongkong
Chinese Festivals..
.536
Great Britain, Opium Convention, 1885
19
Chamber of Commerce, Scale of Commissions, &c.
.532
. lxxvi
Great Britain, Sup. Commercial Treaty with China 25 Great Britain, Tibet-Sikkim Convention, 1890
21
Chinese Postal Rates
.525
Great Britain, Tibet Convention.
64
Chinese Passenger Act.
.456
Great Britain, Tientsin, 1858
5
Consular Fees, Tables of
.361
Great Britain, Weihaiwei Convention, 1898
24
Court of Consuls at Shanghai, Rules of Procedure Customs Notification re Tariff of Import Duty, 1901 Customs Tariff, China, Imports
440
Japan, Commercial, Peking, 1896
156
50
Japan, Protocol, New Ports. Peking, 1896
161
87
-
Japan, Regarding Manchuria, 1905
.170
Customs Tariff, China, Exports. Customs Tariff, China, Rules, Exports
52
Japan, Regarding Shantung, 1915..
172
54
Japan, Regarding, S. Manchuria and Mongolia, 1915 174
Customs Tariff, China, Rules, Imports
49
Japan, Shimonoseki, 1895
153
Customs Tariff, Corea
Customs Tariff, Japan
.186
Japan, Supplementary Treaty, 1903..
162
198
Portugal, 1888
.140
Draft Customs Tariff Law (Japan)
196
Portugal, 1904
.148
Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1890
295
Russia, St. Petersburg, 1881
111.
Harbour Regulations, Japan
470
Russia, Regulations for Land Trade.
116
Hongkong, Charter of the Colony.
.4 45
United States of America, Additional, 1868
126
Hongkong, Constitution of Councils.
448
United States of America, Commercial, 1903
..133
Hongkong, Legislative Council, Rules of
450
United States of America, Immigration, 1894
..131
Hongkong, Port Regulations
467
Hongkong Stamp Duties
.528
United States of America, Immigration & Comm, 128 United States of America, Peking, 1880
.128
Hongkong Supreme Court Fees.
..428
United States of America, Tientsin, 1858
..120
Hongkong Typhoon Signal and Stations..
535
With Corea :-
Insurance, Japanese Ordinance
459
Great Britain, Trade Regulations.
..183
Malay States Federation Agreement, 1893
289
With Japan:-
Manila Invoice Charges...
.534
Corea, Treaty of Annexation, 1910
.11
Order in Council (China Amendment), 1913
.346
China, Agreement China-Corean Boundary, 1909 258
Orders in Council, H. B.M., China and Corea..
301
China, Agreement Regarding Manchurian Ques-
Orders in Council (Amendment) China and Corea, 1907 341 Order in Council (China Amendment) 1914
tions, 1909
.260
...354
Great Britain, 1894..
.189
Orders in Council (Amendment)China and Corea, 1910..345 Port Regulations for H. B.M. Consulates in China
Great Britain, 1900.
233
..467
Postal Guide, Hongkong
.473
Great Britain, Japan-India Commercial, 1904 Great Britain, Alliance, 1911
...239
.248
Shanghai Mixed Court, Rules of the
.141
Great Britain, Commerce and Nav., 1911
.240
Siam, Foreign Jurisdiction, 1909
..275
United States, 1886, Extradition Treaty
.250
Signals, Storm, &c., Hongkong....
.535
United States, 1908, respecting the Pacific
.241
Statutory Rules and Orders (China and Corea) 1909 ..360
Russia, Railway Convention, 1907
256
Supreme and other Courts in China, H. B.M., Rules of..365
Russia, Relating to China
255
Supreme Court in China, H.B.M., Fees
.422
Russia. Treaty of Peace, 1905
.252
Trading with Enemy, Regulations
..355
With Siam:-
Treaty Ports, etc.
291
Great Britain, 1856
262
Treaties:-
Great Britain, 1909 .
268
With China:-
Great Britain, 1913, re Fugitive Criminals.
.274
Final Protocol with Eleven Powers, 1901
.178
Great Britain, Registration of Subjects
.267
France, Additional Convention, 1895
93
Great Britain, Trade Regulations with
.265
France, Convention, 1887
91
France, 1904
.977
France, Convention of Peace, 1860
72
France, 1907
279
France, Pekin, 1860..
81
Japan, 1898
.283
France, Tientsin, 1885
83
Russia, 1899
287
France, Trade Reglns. for Tonkin Frontier, 1888.. 86 Germany, Kiaochau Convention, 1898..
..107
Germany, Peking, 1880
..102
Great Britain and France. Siamese Frontier, 1896 .288 Great Britain and Germany, Relative to China, 1900 109 Great Britain and Portugal, Opium, 1913
.259
Germany, Railway and Mining Concession, 1898 ..108
Germany, Tientsin, 1861
95
Great Britain and Russia, Railway Agreement, 1899. 62 United States Consular and Court Fees
.442
Great Britain, Burma Convention, 1897
21
Great Britain, Chefoo Convention, 1876
13
Great Britain, Chungking Agreement, 1890.
20
United States Consular Courts in China, Regulations 444 United States Court for China, Jurisdiction Weights and Measures, Money
..437
.lxxvii
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
PAGE
PAGE
A.B.C. DIRECTORY OF BRITISH MER-
BUILDING CONTRACTORS :-
CHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS
lxxxi
A Hon...
Cheong Mow & Hop Kee
ASPHALTE MANUFACTURERS :-
Lee Kee
Thos. Harrison & Co... Inside front cover
Liu Sing
Tai Cheong..
Wah Yick
2.3.78:8:2:
cii
cii
lix
cvi
cii
AUCTIONEERS :-
Ching Keng Lee & Co. ...
lx
BUSINESS NOTICES :
Nutter & Co.
lxi
Hankow Horse Bazaar
xcviii
**
Hankow Toilet Club
...
xcix
BANKS:-
Bank of China... Bank of Chosen
Bank of Communications Bank of Taiwan (Formosa)... Banque Industrielle de Chine Chartered Bank of India, Aus. and
China
"Commercial Bank of China.
Gomei Kwaisha Mogi Ginko Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Hongkong Savings Bank Mercantile Bank of India
...
Kam Hing Knitting Co.
lx;
xxiii
CARPET MANUFACTURERS :-
xvi
F. Thomas & Co.
lxxxv
xxii
Kung I Cheng
lxxxv
xiv
xvii
CEMENT MANUFACTURERS :-
...
Green Island Cement Co.
xlvii
xi
Indo-China Portland Cement Co.,
xix
Ld....
xlvi
xcvi
Onoda Cement Co., Ld....
lxxxvi
X
Sakura Cement Co....
lxxxvi
xix
xii
M. Winteler
'Russo-Asiatic Bank
xviii
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY :-
CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS:- ·
lviii
...
Sumitomo Bank, Osaka... Yokohama Specie Bank
XV
xiii
Bạn Lam Drug Co., Ld....
c
CHINESE PIECE GOODS :-
-
Yuen Cheong
C
lx
CHRISTMAS CARDS, ETC.:-
BICYCLE DEALERS :-
International Bicycle Cc. Shun Hing... Yee Fat
BOOKSELLERS & PUBLISHERS:
Commercial Press, Ld. Maruzen Co., Ld.
...
BOOT AND SHOEMAKERS :-
Cherry & Co.
D. Nigniewitzky
Shekido & Co.
...
cxiv
...
...
cxiv
CV
::
xlix
Raphael Tuck & Sons, Inside back cover COAL MERCHANTS :--
Bismarck & Co., Hongkong...
xliv
Kailan Mining Admin., Tientsin... xl
Do.
...
Kwong Sang & Co....
McAlister & Co., Ld., Singapore...xxviii
Mitsu Bishi Co.
lvii
Mitsui Bussan Kaisha
CX1
On Lee
CX
Taiyo & Co.
cxi
Shun Cheong
Tsang Foo & Co.
BREWERS:-
Dai Nippon Brewery Co
Wing Kee & Co.
...lxxxix
Yew Lee, Ah Cheong & L. Hansen...
Tsingtao Beer ... Inside front end cover
CORK MANUFACTURERS :-
BRICK MANUFACTURERS :-
The Crown Cork Co., Ld.
Front cover
cxiii
xli
vi-vii
cxii
xhi
lxii
xlii
cin
lxxxiv
Docks:--
Kailan Mining Administration,
Tientsin
x1
BRONZE MANUFACTURER :--
Kuroda
Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co. 10641 Kawasaki Dockyard Co., Ld. ...xxxvii Mitsu Bishi Dorks, Nagasaki
Mitsu Bishi Dockyard, Kobe
1
lxii
592D
592B
Yokohama Dock Co., Ld.
... XXXV-XXXvi
vi
COAL MERCHANTS
MITSUI BUSSAN KAISHA, LIMITED.
HONGKONG,
PRINCE'S BUILDINGS, ICE HOUSE STREET.
Head Office
TOKYO, JAPAN.
(MITSUI & CO., LIMITED, IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.)
IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS AND GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS.
COAL CONTRACTORS to Home and Foreign Mail and Freight Steamers, Railways, Army and Navy, and Principal Industrial Works.
MIIKE HARBOUR AND DOCKS built by the Company to facilitate Loading and Shipment of Miike Coals.
SOLE PROPRIETORS of Miike, Tagawa, Ida, Yamano, Hondo and Noborikawa Coal Mines.
SOLE AGENTS for Ohnoura, Ohtsuji, Mannoura, Yoshio, Mameda, Iwaya, Kishima, Mineji, Yubari, Matsushima and other Coals.
Agents for:
TOKYO MARINE INSURANCE Co, LTD...
.Tokyo.
TOKYO FIRE INSURANCE Co., Ltd.
Tokyo.
MEIJI FIRE INSURANCE Co., LTD.
.Tokyo.
NIPPON FIRE Insurance Co., Ltd.
.Tokyo.
KYODO FIRE, MARINE & TRANSIT INSCE. Co., LTD....Tokyo.
CHIYODA FIRE INSURANCE CO., LTD.
.Tokyo.
YOKOHAMA FIRE INSURANCE Co., LTD.
Yokohama.
DAI NIPPON BREWERY Co., LTD.
.Tokyo..
SHANGHAI COTTON MANUFACTURING Co., LTD... Shanghai..
ONODA CEMENT Co., LTD.
etc.,
etc.,
etc.
Telegraphic Address: "Mitsui."
Onoda.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
vii
登
MITSUI BUSSAN KAISHA. LTD.
TOKYO
(Mitsui & Co., Ltd., in Europe & America)
IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS AND
GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS
HEAD OFFICE:
1, Surugacho, Nihonbashiku, TOKYO
BRANCHES AND REPRESENTATIVES:
JAPAN:-
CHEMULPO
KUCHINOTZU NAGASAKI
OTARU
KARATSU
MIIKE
NAGOYA
SEOUL
KISHIMA
MOJI
NIIGATA
TAINAN
WAKAMATSU YOKOHAMA
&C.,
&c.
KOBE
MURORAN
OSAKA
TAIPEH
OTHER COUNTRIES :-
AMOY
FOOCHOW
MUKDEN
SOURABAYA
ANTUNGHSIEN
HAMBURG
BANGKOK
HANKOW
BOMBAY
HARBIN
CANTON
CALCUTTA
LONDON
CHANGCHUN
LYONS
HONGKONG
NEWCHWANG
NEW YORK
PORTLAND
RANGOON
SHANGHAI
SWATOW
SYDNEY
DAIREN
TIENTSIN
SAN FRANCISCO
TIEHLING
TSINGTAU
CHEFOO
MANILA
SINGAPORE
VLADIVOSTOCK
Telegraphic Address:
"MITSUI."
viii
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS-Continued
PAGE
PAGE
ENGINEERS AND MACHINISTS:-
MACHINERY :-
Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ld....
ci
Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld. 1064p
Kwong Tuck Cheong
ci
Mitsu Bishi Docks, Nagasaki
592D
Mitsu Bishi Dockyard, Kobe
592B
Tung Hing Lung & Co....
ciii
EXPLOSIVES MANUFACTURERS:-
Curtis's & Harvey,
Ld.
lxxxiv
FRENCH MERCHANTS, AND
MANUFACTURERS
lxxxiii
lvii
Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co. 1064D Rose, Downs & Thompson, Ld. MANUFACTURERS' REPRESENTATIVES:-
I. Beck, Inc., Shanghai .....
+
...
lxxxviii
MERCHANTS, COMMISSION AGENTS, ETC. :-
Arculli Brothers
Bam Lam Drug Co., Ld. Bismarck & Co.
C. Abdoola & Co.
**
China Trading Co....
liv
...
...
C
xliv
liii
xciv
De Souza & Co.
lxii
FURNITURE MAKERS :-
Gillon & Co.
lv
...
Li Kwong Loong
cvi
H. Goldenberg..
lv
Tai Cheong
cvi
Hoo Cheong Wo & Co.
cxiii
GARAGES :--
John D. Hutchison & Co., Hong-
kong
liv
Eastern Garage Co., Shanghai
Ivi
John D. Hutchison
& Co.,
Exile Garage
lvi
Shanghai
xci
GUMMED PAPER MANUFS.:-
John Manners
xciii
Samuel Jones & Co.
K. S. Pavri
xciii
lxxxiv
Kwong Sang Hong, Ld.
xcix
GUN AND RIFLE MAKERS :-
Maruzen Co., Ld.
xlix
Wm. Schmidt & Co.
...xcviii
Masuda & Co.
li
Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, China and
HOTELS:
Japan
vi-vii
...
Astor House, Peking
cviii
xxxviii
xcii lxi
cviii
...
...
XC
...
xxxix
xxxix
Grand Hotel de Pekin Hankow Hotel...
Peak Hotel, Hongkong... Savoy Hotel, Shanghai... Thackeray and Kingsley Hotels
INSURANCE, FIRE :-
Inside front end paper
Fire & Marine Insc. Co. (United). Imperial Marine Transport & Fire
Insurance Co.
...
Nippon, Marine and Fire
Nutter & Co.
Sale & Frazar, Ld.
INSURANCE, LIFE:-
Nutter & Co. Standard Life
Do.
•
XXV
xxiv
XXV
lxi
XXX1
lxi
Inside back end
paper Front cover
N. Futehally & Sons
Nutter & Co.
Okura & Co., Ltd.
Patell & Co.
P. B. Shroff
...
...
P. Cattaneo & Co. Shun Cheong S. Soboleff & Co. Suzuki & Co. Tobias Hunter Tschurin & Co. Y. Omiya & Co. METAL MERCHANTS :-
Cheong Wo & Co. E. Hing & Co. ... Hop Fung...
...
Sing On Co., Hongkong MILK:-
xciv
xciv
xci
xlii
xciii
lii
Xcul
538
xcii
:
xliii
...
...
XCV
XCV
XCV
...
Milkmaid Brand...
Nutter & Co.
INSURANCE, MARINE:
Fire & Marine Insc. Co. (United). Imperial Marine Transport & Fire
Insurance Co.
McAlister & Co.
Nippon Marine Insce. Co.
JEWELLERS AND GOLDSMITHS :-
...
...
xxiv xxviii
Back end paper
MONUMENTAL MASONS :-
XXV
G. Finocchiaro & Co.
xcviii
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURERS:-
Nishikawa & Son, Yokohama
lxxxvii.
XXV
NAVY CONTRACTORS :-
lxi
Bismarck & Co., Hongkong...
xliv
NEWSPAPERS:-
-
Luen Wo & Co.
civ
Chung Ngoi San Po
xlv, cxvii
Sing Fat Co.
....
civ
Hankow Daily News
xlv
..
*
Tuck Chang & Co.,
Ld....
Hongkong Daily Press...
Wo Shing.
civ
•
LACE MANUFACTURERS :-
Hongkong Weekly Press
NURSERYMEN AND FLORISTS :-
cxviii cx viii
The Chefoo Lace and Hair Net Co. lxxxv
The Yokohama Nursery
xcvii.
OIL MERCHANTS
Asiatic Petroleum Co.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS- Continued
PAGE
XX
SOAP MANUFACTURERS:-
Pears, London
ix
PAGE
Back cover
Suzuki & Co.
lii
Rising Sun Petroleum Co.
XX
STEAMSHIP LINES:-
W. R. Loxley & Co., Hongkong..
xxi
Dairen Kisen Kaisha
xxix
OPTICIAN :-
Douglas Steamship Co.....
XXX
Eastern & Aus. S.S. Co...
xxxi
N. Lazarus
xcviii
Indo-China Steam Nav. Co...
xxvi
PAPER AGENTS:-
Nippon Yusen Kaisha
592F
Ekman & Co.
1
Okazaki Steamship Co., Ld...
xcvi
Osaka Shosen Kaisha
xxvii
PAPER MAKERS:
Tokyo Soko Kaisha
592E
Samuel Jones & Co.
...lxxxiv
Toyo Kisen Kaisha
xxxiv
E. Cazzi
E. Manini
PASTRYCOOKS AND CONFECTIONERS :-
Morinaga Confectionery Co., Ltd. lviii
STEEL MANUFACTURERS :--
cix
cix
Sing On & Co., Hongkong
XCV
STEVEDORE :-
PERFUMERIES :
Leung Kon Tai
lix
Kwong Sang Hong, Ltd.
xcix
Maison de Perfumerie"
cvii
STOREKEEPERS :-
PHOTOGRAPHERS :--
Kodak Shop
Ban Lam Drug Co., Ld...
C
cvi
Bismarck & Co., Hongkong...
xliv
Kowloon Studio
PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS:-
Maruzen Co., Ld.
cvi
Cheong Wo & Co.
xliii
D. Komeya
xcvii
Dombey & Son...
cxii
xlix
French Store
cxii
Commercial Press, Ld.
Hongkong Daily Press, Ld....
PROVISION MERCHANTS:-
See Storekeepers
CV
H. Matsunaga
xcvi
lxii
Hongkong Cigar Store
xlviii
...
Hoo Cheong Wo & Co. J. Tornoe
cxiii
cxiii
On Lee
cxii
xxxiii
xxxii
RAILWAY COMPANIES:-
Chinese Govt. Railways
ROPE MANUFACTURERS :-
SEED MERCHANTS :-
The Yokohama Nursery
xcvii
SHIPBUILDERS :-
Hkong. Whampoa Dock Co., Ld.
1064D
Mitsu Bishi Docks, Kobe
592D
Mitsu Bishi Docks, Nagasaki
592B
Kwong Tuck Cheong
ci
Tung Hing Lung & Co....
ciii
Shanghai-Nanking Railway
H'kong. Rope Manufacturing Co. 1064A
On Fat & Co.
Y. Ching Mow & Co.
TAILORS, ETC. :--
Ad. Hirsbrunner & Co.... Ah Men and Hing Cheong
Cassum Ahmed
J. Woods
Madame Flint ... Noordin
TIMBER MERCHANTS :-
Wing Shing Chong... Wm. Stewart & Co.
...
ciii
CXV
cxvi
cxvi
...
exvi
cxvi
CXV
Yokohama Dock Co.
XXXV
TOBACCONISTS :-
SHIPCHANDLERS :-
Bismarck & Co., Hongkong.
xliv
E. N. Païzis & Co.
Cheong Wo & Co.
lxiii
Græco-Egyptian Tobacco Store
Hoo Cheong Wo & Co.
cxiii
Hongkong Cigar Store...
J. Tornoe
Vicente Atienza
ciii
XCV
Back of cover
cvii
cvii
xlviii
cvij
Kwong Sang & Co....
cxiii
TYPE FOUNDRIES
On Fat & Co.
cxiii
Sing Kee & Co.
xliii
Sing On & Co....
XCV
Wing Kee & Co.
xlii
Y. Ching Mow & Co.
Yew Lee, Ah Cheong & L. Hansen..
cini
Ekman & Co.
SHIPPING BROKERS, AGENTS, ETC.:-
McAlister & Co., Ld., Singapore
1
xxviii
Sale & Frazar, Ld....
xxxi
Commercial Press, Ld.
Tokyo Tsukiji Type Foundry
WHARVES AND GÓDOWNS:-
Tokyo Soko Kaisha, Kobe
WINES AND SPIRITS :-
Dombey & Co....
J. Tornoe
Y. Ching Mow & Co.
:::
:
***
CV
CV
592E
cxii
ciii
ciii
•
X
BANKS
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. -
PAID-UP CAPITAL
STERLING RESERVE FUND SILVER RESERVE FUND
.$15,000,00Ꮻ
£1,500,000 at 2/- = $15,000,000 18,000,000
RESERVE LIABILITY OF PROPRIETORS
33,000,000 15,000,000
COURT OF DIRECTORS: CHAIRMAN-W. L. PATTENDEN, Esq. DEPUTY CHAIRMAN-S. H. DODWELL, Esq.
G. T. M. EDKINS, Esq.
C. S. GUBBAY, Esq.
AMOY
HON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK
HON. MR. DAVID LANDALE
J, A, PLUMMER, Esq.
HON. MR. E, SHELLIM
BRANCHES, AGENCIES AND SUB-AGENCIES :
BANGKOK
BATAVIA
BOMBAY
CALCUTTA
COLOMBO
CANTON
FOOCHOW HAMBURG
ILOILO
ІРОН
JOHORE
KOBE
KUALA LUMPUR LONDON
LYONS
MALACCA MANILA
PENANG RANGOON SAIGON
SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI
Do. (HONGKEW)
SINGAPORE
SOURABAYA
TIENTSIN
HANKOW
HARBIN
HONGKONG
NAGASAKI
NEW YORK
PEKING
CHIEF MANAGER :
Hongkong-N. J. STABB.
MANAGER :
Shanghai-A. G. STEPHEN.
TSINGTAU YOKOHAMA
LONDON OFFICE-9, GRACECHURCH STREET.
LONDON BANKERS-LONDON COUNTY & WESTMINSTER BANK, LD.
Interest Allowed
HONGKONG.
On Current Deposit Accounts at the rate of 2 per cent. per annum on
the daily balance.
On Fixed Deposits:-
For 3 months,
6 12
""
per cent. per annum
""
"
"
LOCAL BILLS DISCOUNTED.
CREDITS granted on approved Securities, and every description of Banking and Exchange business transacted.
DRAFTS granted on London and the chief commercial places in Europe, India, Australia, America, China, and Japan.
HONGKONG, 18T JANUARY, 1916.
N. J. STABB,
Chief Manager.
BANKS
xi
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China
Head Office: 38, BISHOPSGATE, LONDON.
INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER.
PAID-UP CAPITAL, in 60,000 Shares of £20 each ...£1,200,000
RESERVE FUND
...£1,800,000
...
:0:
Court of Directors
SIR M. CORNISH TURNER, Chairman. SIR H. S. CUNNINGHAM, K.C.I.E. THOMAS CUTHBERTSON, Esq.
SIR ALFRED DENT, K.C.M.G.
:0:-
WM. H. NEVILLE GOSCHEN, Esq. RT. HON. LORD G, HAMILTON, G.C.S.I. WM. FOOT MITCHELL, Esq.
L. A. WALLACE, Esq.
T. H. WHITEHEAD
Managers
-:0:-
Sub-Manager
W. E. PRESTON
-:0:-
T. FRASER
Auditors
DAVID CHARLES WILSON, Esq., F.C.A. 1
H. C. K. STILEMAN, Esq., F.C.A.
--::--
Bankers
The Bank of England
AMRITSAR
BANGKOK
The London City and Midland Bank, Limited The National Bank of Scotland, Limited
The London County and Westminster Bànk, Limited The National Provincial Bank of England, Limited
:0:
Agencies and Branches
HONGKONG
ILOILO
PENANG PUKET
RANGOON
KUALA LUMPUR
SAIGON
SEREMBAN
SHANGHAI
SINGAPORE
SOURABAYA
TAIPING
BATAVIA
ІРОН
BOMBAY
KARACHI
CALCUTTA
KLANG
CANTON
KOBE
CEBU
COLOMBO
DELHI
FOOCHOW
HAIPHONG
HAMBURG
HANKOW
MADRAS
MANILA
MALACCA
MEDAN
NEW YORK
PEKING
:0:
TIENTSIN
TSINGTAU
YOKOHAMA
Correspondents in the Chief Commercial places in
EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND AMERICA.
QUEEN'S ROAD, Hongkong, 1st Jan,, 1916.
WILLIAM DICKSON, Manager, Hongkong.
xii
BANKS
THE
MERCANTILE BANK
OF INDIA, LIMITED.
Authorised Capital
Subscribed
Paid-up
Reserve Fund...
£1,500,000 1,125,000
!
562,500
500,000
HEAD OFFICE: 15, GRACECHURCH ST., LONDON, E.C.
BANKERS :-
Bank of England and the
BRANCHES ··
London Joint Stock Bank, Limited.
Calcutta, Howrah, Bombay, Karachi, Madras, Rangoon, Colombo, Kandy, Galle, Singa- pore, Penang, Kuala-Lumpur, Kota- Bharu, and Shanghai.
INTEREST allowed on Current Accounts at the rate of two per cent. per annum on the daily balance.
The Bank receives Current and Fixed Deposits on terms which may be learned on application.
Telegraphic Address: "PARADISE."
HONGKONG, IST JANUARY, 1916.
C. CHAMPKIN,
Acting Manager.
BANKS
xiii
The Yokohama Specie Bank, Ld.
ESTABLISHED 1880.
ESTABLISHED 1880.
CAPITAL SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL PAID UP RESERVE FUND
Yen 48.000,000.00
39
30,000,000.00
President :-JUNNOSUKE INOUYE, Esq. Vice-President:-YUKI YAMAKAWA, Esq.
J. INOUYE, Esq. N. SOMA, Esq. K. SONODA, Esq. R. KIMURA, Esq. R. HARA, Esq.
Directors :--
20,000,000.00
Y. YAMAKAWA, Esq. M. ODAGIRI, Esq. T. KAWASHIMA, Esq. BARON K. IWASAKI. K. TATSUMI, Esq.
ACTING GENFRal Manager-S. K. SUZUKI, Esq.
HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA MANAGER-T. HODSUMI, Esq.
ANTUNG-HSIEN
Branches and Agencies:
HANKOW
HONGKONG
BOMBAY
CALCUTTA
HONOLULU
CHANGCHUN
KOBE
DAIREN (Dalny)
LIAOYANG
FENGTIEN (Mukden)
LONDON
TSINGTAU
HARBIN
LYONS NAGASAKI NEWCHWANG NEW YORK OSAKA
PEKING
LOS ANGELES
RYOJUN (Port Arthur) SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
TIEHLING
TIENTSIN
TOKYO
Correspondents at all the Chief Cities in the World.
The Bank buys and receives for collection Bills of Exchange, issues Drafts and Telegraphic Transfers and Letters of Credit on above places and elsewhere, and transacts General Banking Business.
Deposits received for fixed periods at rates to be obtained on application.
SHIMAKICHI SUZUKI,
Acting General Manager.
xiv
BANKS
行銀灣臺
BANK OF TAIWAN, LD.
(Incorporated by Special Imperial Charter)
CAPITAL
CAPITAL PAID-UP
RESERVE FUND.
Yen 20,000,000 ·
")
12,500,000
3,970,000
BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
K. YAGIU, Esq., President K. NAKAGAWA, Esq., Vice-President
I. SADA, Esq., K. YAMANARI, Esq., S. MINAMI, Esq.
TAIPEH,
AMOY
KOBE
CANTON
LONDON
HEAD OFFICE :
TAIWAN
(FORMOSA).
SOERABAYA
SWATOW
FOOCHOW
MOJI
TAICHU
HANKOW
NAGASAKI
ΤΑΙΝΑΝ
HONGKONG
OSAKA
TAKAO
KEELUNG
SHANGHAI
TOKYO
KIUKIANG
SINGAPORE
YOKOHAMA
HONGKONG OFFICE:
Prince's Building, 3, Des Voeux Road.
INTEREST-On Current Accounts and Fixed Deposits.
DRAFTS-On the Chief Commercial Places in CHINA, BRITISH STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, LONDON, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, JAVA, JAPAN,
MANCHURIA, COREA and FORMOSA.
BANKS
XV*
THE SUMITOMO
OSAKA,
LIMITED
BANK,
JAPAN.
ESTABLISHED 1912.
(Successors to the Sumitomo Bank)
Capital
Paid-up Capital -
Reserve Fund (June, 1915)
Deposits
Do.
Baron K. SUMITOMO...
K. NAKADA, Esq.
- Yen 15,000,000.00
7,500,000.00
1,700,000.00
78,000,000.00
... President.
...Managing Director.
Branches:-
Tokyo, Yokohama, Kyoto, Kobe, Hyogo. Onomichi, Niihama, Kure, Hiroshima, Yanai, Shimonoseki, Moji, Wakamatsu, Hakata and Kurume.
London Bankers:-
Lloyds Bank, Limited.
CORRESPONDENTS
At all the Principal Cities of the World.
The Bank buys, sells and receives for collection, Drafts and Telegraphic Transters; issues Commercial and Travellers' Letters of Credit available in all important parts of the World, besides doing general Banking Business.
xvi
BANKS
The Bank of Chosen
Capital Paid up
Yen 10,000,000
Governor :-Dr. M. ICHIHARA.
Directors :-R. MIZUKOSHI, Esq., T. MISHIMA, Esq., Y. KIMURA, Esq.
HEAD OFFICE: SEOUL, CHOSEN.
Telegraphic Address: "CHOGIN."
Codes used: A.B.C. 5th Edition and Lieber's Code.
BRANCHES:
CHOSEN-Chemulpo, Pyengyang, Wonsan, Taiku,
Fusan, Chinnampo, Kunsan, Mokpo, Ranam,
Masan, Shin-wiju, Hoilyong.
MANCHURIA-Dairen, Mukden, Chang-chun, Antung.
JAPAN-Tokyo, Osaka.
CORRESPONDENTS:-In all the principal Cities
in the World.
Every description of general banking and
exchange business transacted.
BANKS
Banque Industrielle de Chine:
CAPITAL...
xvii
行銀業實法 中
...
Francs 45,000,000 (1/4 Paid up).
1/3 of the Capital, i.e., Francs 15,000,000,
SUBSCRIBED BY
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC.
Statutes approved by the Government of the Chinese Republic on the 11th January, 1913.
PRESIDENT
GENERAL MANAGER
...
ANDRÉ BERTHELOT,
A. J. PERNOTTE.
WANG KO MING.
MANAGER FOR CHINESE AFFAIRS...
HEAD OFFICE: 74, Rue Saint Lazare, PARIS.
BRANCHES in PEKING and SHANGHAI.
BANKERS:
IN FRANCE:-SOCIÉTÉ GÉNÉRALE POUR LE Développement
DU COMMERCE et de l'INDUSTRIE EN FRANCE.
IN LONDON:-LONDON COUNTY & WEstminster Bank, Ltd.
Telegraphic Address: CHIBANKIND.
Interest allowed on Current Accounts and Fixed Deposits. Terms on application.
Every description of Banking and Exchange business transacted.
G. LION, Manager,
SHANGHAI BRANCH.
P. SELLIER, Manager,
PEKING BRANCH.
xviii
BANKS
RUSSO-ASIATIC BANK.
Capital (fully-paid)
Reserve Fund
-
Capital Contributed by Imperial
Chinese Government
Reserve Fund
Rbls. 45,000,000
22,800,000
Kpg. Tls. 3,500,000
1,240,242
Head Office:-PETROGRAD.
Paris Office:-9, Rue Boudreau.
London Office:-64, Old Broad Street, E.C.
86 Branches in Russia and Siberia and 23 in Europe and Asia- Telegraphic Address: Sinorusse.
BANKERS:
LONDON:-Messrs. Glyn, Mills, Currie & Co.
PARIS-Société Générale pour favoriser le Développement du Commerce et de
l'Industrie en France. Banque de Paris and des Pays-Bas.
BERLIN: -Messrs. Mendelssohn & Co.
HAMBURG:--Messrs. M. M. Warburg & Co.
VIENNA-K. K. priv. Oesterr. Credit Anstalt fur Handel and Gewerbe. AMSTERDAM-Messrs. Lippmann, Rosenthal & Co.
Interest allowed on current accounts in Taels at the rate of 2 per cent. per annum on the daily balance.
Fixed Deposits in Taels and Dollars. Terms on application.
Local Bills discounted. Special facilities for Russian Exchange. Foreign Exchange on the principal cities of the world bought and sold.
SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES
J. JEZIERski, Esq.
G. CARERRE, Esq.
MANAGERS FOR CHINA AND JAPAN.
BANKS
xix
HONGKONG SAVINGS BANK.
−):0:(-
The Business of the above Bank is conducted by the
HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.
Rules may be obtained on application.
INTEREST on deposits is allowed at 3 PER CENT. per annum on the minimum monthly balances.
Depositors may transfer at their option balances of $100 or more to the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANK, to be placed on FIXED DEPOSIT at 4 PER CENT.
per annum.
For the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION,
N. J.
STABB,
Chief Manager.
COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA.
HEAD OFFICE :-SHANGHAI,
Subscribed Capital
Paid-up Capital
...
...Sh. Tls. 5,000,000
...Sh. Tls. 2,500,000
Advances made on approved securities. Bills discounted. Interest allowed on Current Accounts at 2 per cent. per annum on daily balance. On Fixed deposits :
For 3 months at 3% per annum. For 6 months at 4% per annum.
For 12 months at 5% per annum.
On Deposits in Dollars according to arrangement.
H. C. MARSHALL,
Chief Manager.
XX
PETROLEUM REFINERS
SHELL MOTOR SPIRIT FOR MOTOR CARS
CROWN MOTOR SPIRIT FOR MOTOR TRUCKS
KEROSENE FOR ALL PURPOSES
LIQUID FUEL FOR HEAVY OIL ENGINES
CANDLES, LUBRICATING OILS
PARAFFIN WAX
OBTAINABLE EVERYWHERE
ASIATIC PETROLEUM CO
CHINA, STRAITS, SIAM, INDIA
PHILIPPINES
RISING SUN PETROLEUM CO.
JAPAN AND FORMOSA
OIL REFINERS
The Gourepore Co., Ld.
(Established 1862)
CALCUTTA, INDIA
Manufacturers and Exporters of
PURE LINSEED OILS
xxit
Gourepore Pale Boiled Linseed Oil.
Gourepore Special Pale Boiled Linseed Oil.
Gourepore Double Boiled Linseed Oil.
Gourepore Raw Linseed Oil.
Agents throughout British India and the Far East, in the British Colonies,
U. S. of America and Great Britain
Awarded Medals, Etc., for Purity of Quality and Manufacture at
The Indian Industrial Exhibition,
The Exposition Universelle, .
The National Exhibition,
The Industrial Exhibition,
Calcutta, 1898, 1900, 1901 and 1906
...
Paris, 1900
Japan, 1903
Ahmedabad, 1905
The Industrial Exhibition,
The International Exhibition,
The United Provinces Exhibition,
Benares, 1906
Christchurch, N. Z., 1906, 1907
Allahabad, 1910
EXTRACT FROM THE INDIAN TRADE JOURNAL Published by the Commercial Intelligence Department, Government of India :
"The Oil is of standard quality and is supplied to the Admiralty Depots in the Far East and Australia."
W. R. LOXLEY & Co.,
SOLE AGENTS FOR HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA, YORK BUILDING, HONGKONG
xxii
CHINESE BANKS
(京北行總)行銀通交
BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS.
CAPITAL
Tis. 10,000,000
HEAD OFFICE:-PEKING.
Every description of Banking and Exchange Business transacted. Interest allowed on Current Accounts and Fixed Deposits according to Arrangement.
Credits granted on Approved Securities.
Special Facilities for Transfers in all Parts of China.
BRANCHES:-
MANCHURIA-Newchwang, Mukden, Changchun, Kirin, Harbin, Liaoyang, Sunkaitai, Kaiping, Tilin, Kinhsien, Sinmingtun. CHIHLI-Peking, Tientsin, Kalgan, Paoting, Haitien, Shengteh, Peitungchow,
Tangshan, Fungcheng, Sungfang, Cheakiachoung. SHANSI-Taitung, Yangkaou.
SHENSI-Mienchih.
SHANTUNG Tsinan, Tsinin, Tsochuang, Chefoo, Techow.
HONAN--Kaifeng, Tsioutso, Chowkaikow, Taho, Taokow, Chiangteh, Chen-
chow, Sinyangchow, Loyang, Hsinshang.
KIANGSU Shanghai, Soochow, Wusih, Chinkiang, Pukow, Peipu, Hsuchow,
Yangchow, Tsinkiangpu.
CHEKIANG-Hangchow, Ningpo.
ANHUI Wuhu, Panpu, Shiencheng, Anching.
KIANGSI-Kiukiang.
HUPEH - Hankow, Ichang, Shashi.
HUNAN--Changsha, Yiyang, Hengehow, Siangtan, Shongteh, Paoching.
SZECHUAN--Ch'en-tu, Chungking.
KUANGTUNG Canton.
SPECIAL TERRITORIES-Jehol, Kweibua,
FOREIGN TERRITORIES-Hongkong, Singapore, New York, San Francisco, etc.
LIANG SHIH-YI,
President.
JEN FUNG-PAO,
Vice-President.
CHINESE BANKS
Bank of China
The Government Bank
xxiii
(Specially authorised by the President Mandate of the 15th April, 1913)
PAID-UP CAPITAL
$30,000,000
Head Office: PEKING.
Telegraphic Address: "CENTROBANK."
Codes used: A.B.C. 5th Edition, Lieber's & Private
BRANCHES AND SUB-BRANCHES :
Chihli
Shantung
Kweiteh
Wusil
Kalgan
Chefoo
Lowanho
Yangchow
Paoting
Chowtsun
Nanyang
Chekiang
PEKING
Lintsin
Sinyangchow
HANGCHOW
TIENTSIN
Linyi
Yuchow
Huchow
Fengtien
Tsingtao
Hupeh
Kashing
Antung
TSINAN
HANKOW
Lanchi
Chinchow
Tsining
Ichang
Ningpo
Dairon
Waiming
Hunan
Moukden
Weihsien
Changsha
Liaoyuan
Shansi
Kiangsi
Newchwang
KWEIHWACHENG
Kanchow
Sinmin
Paotowchen
Kiukiang
Taonan
TAYUAN
NANCHANG
Shaohing Wenchow
Fukien
Amoy
FOOCHOW
Kwangtung
Tiehling
Yuncheng
Anhwei
CANTON
Kirin
Shensi
ANKIN
CHANGCHUN
Sanyuanhsion
Wuhu
Harbin
SIAN
Kiangsu
Kirin
Honan
Chinkiang
Heilungkiang
Changte
NANKING
Taheiho
Chowkiakow
SHANGHAI
Tsitsihar
Hsuchow
KAIFENG
Soochow Tsingkiangpu
Kiungchow
Kongmoon Swatow
Szechwan
Chengtu CHUNGKING
Tzeliutsing
Wanh sien
Agencies throughout all important towns in China.
Every description of general banking and exchange business transacted.
xxiv
TRADE!
INSURANCE
MARK
The Imperial Marine Transport
AND
Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
ESTABLISHE
1893
Subscribed Capital
Yen 3,000,000,000.
Reserve Funds
""
2,298,647,908.
HEAD OFFICE:
No. 6, KITA SAYACHO, NIHONBASHI-KU, TOKYO.
TELEPHONE Nos. 679, 2,328, 2,469 AŃD 4,924 (HONKYOKU).
BRANCH OFFICES:
OSAKA and KOBE
Policies are granted at Current Rates to all parts of the World, payable at its numerous Agencies.
Claims arranged by local Agents and paid with promptitude and Liberality.
INSURANCE
XXV.
THE NIPPON MARINE INSURANCE CO., LD.
Subscribed Capital
Yen 3,000,000.000
900,000.000
Paid-Up Capital
Sundry Reserve Funds
President:-G. UKON, Esq.
"
2,812,552.149
Managing Director:-W. UKON, Esq.
HEAD OFFICE:-144, NICHOME, MINAMI-DORI, YEDOBORI, OSAKA, JAPAN. BRANCHES:-KOBE, TOKYO, YOKOHAMA, HIOGO AND SHANGHAI.
PRINCIPAL AGENCIES :-
ADELAIDE: BOWDEN BROS. & Co., LTD.
ANTWERP:-W. BLAESS.
BOMBAY:-E. F. HALLIWELL. BREMEN:-F. RECK & Co.
BRISBANE :-BOWDEN BROS. & Co., LTD. CALCUTTA:-GLADSTONE WYLLIE & Co. GENOA:-EVAN MACKENZIE.
LONDON:-C. T. BOWRING & Co.
(INSURANCE), LTD.
MANILA: SMITH, BELL & Co., LTD. MARSEILLES:-R. DE CAMPOU & FILS. MELBOURNE :-BOWDEN BROS. & Co.,
LTD.
NEW YORK:-WILLCOX, PECK & HUGHES.
HANKOW: JAPAN COTTON TRADING CO. RANGOON:--HARPERINK, SMITH & Co.
HAMBURG:-BLEICHRODER & Co. HONOLULU:-W. MOTOSHIGE. HONGKONG:-SUZUKI & Co.
LIVERPOOL:-BRODRICH, LEITCH &
KENDALL.
SAN FRANCISCO:-STEWART S. LOWERY
& Co.
SINGAPORE:-MCALISTER & Co., LTD. SEATTLE: CALHOUN, DENNY & EWING. SYDNEY :-BOWDEN BROS. & Co., LTD.
And all other principal ports in the World.
Fire and Marine Insurance Cos.
THE UNITED:
Netherlands Lloyd of Amsterdam, Established 1853
East-India Sea and Fire Insurance Co. of Amsterdam, Established 18321 Batavia Sea and Fire Insurance Co. of Batavia, Established 1843 Java Sea and Fire Insurance Co. of Batavia, Established 1861
WORKING ON JOINT ACCOUNT
are prepared to issue Fire and Marine policies at current rates.
Policies can be made payable at the Companies' Branches or Agencies throughout the world.
Claims payable without reference to Head Office.
Subcribed Capital ...
...ad. Fl. 9,700,000.00
Reserve Funds...
..
Premium Reserved...
...ad.
,, 1,408,642.74
...ad. 1,421,294.98
BANKERS FOR CHINA:
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation.
Netherlands Trading Society.
SHANGHAI BRANCH OFFICE:
8b, Kiukiang Road.
Manager: C. G. O. ENKLAAR.
xxvi
SHIPPING
INDO-CHINA STEAM NAVIGATION Co., Ltd.
The Company's Ocean and Coasting Fleet:
Steamer
Tons
Steamer
Tons
Steamer
Tons
"Kutsang
M
4895
"Taisang
2326
44
Hopsang
24
2148
56
"
Namsang
*
4034
"Kwongsang
"3
2284
Hangsang
57
2143
"Laisang"
3459
"Choysang"
2284
"Koonshing"
2130
"Kumsang
3236
"Fooshing"
2284
"Cheongshing
"
1989
Steamer
•Tungshing" "Waishing "Esang "Wosang"
Tous
1868
"
1865
1783
1783
"Fooksang
3100
"Yatshing"
2283
'Chipshing'
1984
"Loongsang
**
1738
"Hinsang
2929
"Fausang
"
2251
'Kingsing'
1983
"Yuensang
1723
وو
**Onsang
2802
'Suisang"
2790
Chunsang Mausang
2217
'Taksang"
1562
2161
16
Yusang"
1844
Lienshing" "Loksang
1659
1559
"Wingsang"
2330
The Company's Yangtsze River Fleet
S. S. S. S.
"
"Loongwo"
3924 "Kutwo" 2665
S. S. 3. S.
S. S.
"Tuckwo" 3770 "Kiangwo" "Suiwo
2174 2672
S. S. S. S. Tungwo
"Changwo" 1065
1350
Calcutta, Hongkong, Shanghai, and Japan Line
The steamers Kutsang (4895 Tons), Namsang (4034 Tons), and Fooksang (3100 Tons) maintain a three-weekly service between Calcutta and Kobe, calling at Penang, Singapore, Hongkong and Shanghai en route, in addition to Moji when westward bound.
Calcutta, Hongkong and direct to Japan Line
In addition to the above, the Laisang (3459 Tons), Kumsang (3236 Tons), and Yatshing (2283 Tons) run at 3-weekly intervals between the above ports.
Hongkong and Manila Line
A weekly service is also maintained between Hongkong and Manila by the S. S. Fuensang and Loongsang, leaving each port on Saturday.
Canton, Hongkong, Tientsin Line
A regular fortnightly service between these ports is maintained from March to - mid November.
Haiphong, Hoihow, Hongkong Line
A weekly service is maintained between the above ports by the S. S. Loksang and Taksang, leaving each port about every Wednesday.
Jardine,
Matheson
& Co.,
Limited
General
Managers
at
Hongkong
CABLE ADDRESS:
"SHOSEN
OSAKA,
AND ALL BRANCHES.
ESTABLISHED 1884.
J
SHIPPING
AI & A. B. C.
5th Edition,
Scott's 10th Edition (1908)
Codes Used.
KAISHA.
xxvii
SHOSEN
(OSAKA MERCANTILE S. S. Co., Ltd.)
OSAKA
* Capital, Yen 24,750,000
Debentures -
7,000,000
"
Fleet: 147 Steamers -
270,000 Tons.
HEAD OFFICE: OSAKA, JAPAN
Hongkong Office: No. 1, Queen's Buildings.
BRANCHES :-Osaka, Kobe, Moji, Shimonoseki, Nagasaki, Kochi, Takahama, Beppu, Kagoshima, Nawa, Keelung, Taipeh, Tamsui, Anping, Takao, Pescadores, Fusan, Mokpo, Chemulpo, Chinnampo, Dairen, Foochow, Amoy, Hongkong, Canton, Tacoma, U. S. A.
AGENCIES:-Tokyo, Yokohama, Shimizu, Nagoya, Yokkaichi, Hakodate, Otaru, Niigata, Tsuruga, Masampo, Wonsan, Seishin, Kunsampo, Vladivostock, Antung, Port Arthur, Newchwang, Tientsin, Chefoo, Tsingtau, Hankow, Shanghai, Swatow, Hoihow, Pakhoi, Haiphong, Manila, Saigon, Bangkok, Singapore, Penang, Rangoon, Calcutta, Colombo, Victoria, Vancouver and all other important ports and points in the Orient and American Continent.
REGULAR SERVICES.
AMERICAN LINE-Fortnightly, in connection at Tacoma with the Chicago, Milwaukee and St.
Paul Railway.
KOBE-BOMBAY LINE-Fortnightly.
TSURUGA-VLADIVOSTOCK LINE-Weekly, in connection with I. J. Railways and Trans-Siberian
Railway.
OTARU-VLADIVOSTOCK LINE-About three times a month.
OSAKA-KOREA-VLADIVOSTOCK LINE-Three times a month.
OSAKA-DAIREN (DALNY) LINE-Twice a Week, in connection with I. J. Government Railways and
South Manchurian Railway.
NAGASAKI-DAIREN LINE-Via Korean Ports, Weekly.
YOKOHAMA-DAIREN LINE-Three times a month.
KOBE-KEELUNG LINE-Six times a month, in connection with I. J. Government Railways and
Imperial Formosan Government Railways.
YOKOHAMA-TAKOW LINE-About Eight times a month.
FORMOSA COASTING LINE-Nine times a month.
KEELUNG-HONGKONG LINE-Weekly.
CANTON-TAKOW LINE-Fortnightly.
HONGKONG-HAIPHONG LINE-Weekly.
TAKOW-TIENTSIN LINE-Weekly.
OSAKA-TIENTSIN LINE-Weekly, in connection with I. J. Government Railways. OSAKA-TSINGTAU LINE-Weekly,
OSAKA-KOREAN LINES, CALLING ALL PORTS-About Twenty times a month.
&C.,
&c.,
&c.
JAPAN COASTING & INLAND SEA SERVICES-Steamers are despatched DAILY. The O. S. K. Inland Sea Service is ideal for sight-seeing on the littorals, as steamers run to all points.
xxviii
'SHIPPING
MCALISTER & Co., Ld.
Singapore, Penang, and Federated Malay States.
SHIPPING AND
INSURANCE
AGENTS
·
COAL MERCHANTS
M
AND
BUNKERING
CONTRACTORS, ETC.
TRADE MARK.
ESTABLISHED 1857.
Cable Address :-" MCALISTER."
London Correspondents:--Messrs. McIlwraith McEacharn & Co., Propy., Ltd.
AGENTS FOR-
Mcllwraith, McEacharn & Co., Propy., Ltd. (Indian and
Australian Line.)
Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Co.). Steamers of this Line leave Hongkong at regular and frequent intervals for San Francisco, via Shanghai, Nagasaki, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu. Passengers booked to principal points in United States and Europe. Special round-the-world tours arranged. Ellerman & Bucknall Steamship Co., Ltd. (American and Manchurian Line). A regular service of steamers to and from New York, via all principal China-Japan ports, and Straits Settlements. ("Ellerman" Line). A regular service of steamers from Far East to Marseilles, London and Liverpool. Howard Smith Co., Ltd. (Australian Line of Passenger and
Cargo Steamers).
Seaham Colliery Co., Ltd.
Abermain Colliery Co., Ltd.
Hetton Coal Co., Ltd.
Queensland Insurance Co., Ltd.
Nippon Marine Transport and Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
Every facility for bunkering steamers with Australian and Japanese Coals, and supplying all requirements.
SHIPPING
xxix
Dairen Kisen Kaisha.
HEAD OFFICE:-Dairen, Manchuria.
BRANCHES:-Tientsin, Antung and Tsingtau.
AGENCIES:-Shanghai, Chefoo, Lungkou, Pitsuwo,
Port Arthur, Chemulpo and Kobe.
THE COMPANY'S FLEET:
Steamer
Tons
Steamer
Tons
"HEIJUN MARU"
•
1,691
"SAITSU MARU"... 1,138
"HAKUSHIN MARU" 1,535
"RYOHEI MARU"
757
"ISSHIN MARU"
1,486
"RISAI MARU'
663
"TENCHO MARU"
1,300
66
· BENTEN MARU"
199
REGULAR SERVICES:
DAIREN-ANTUNG-TIENTSIN LINE
DAIREN-TSINGTAU LINE
•
DAIREN-LUNGKOU LINE
DAIREN-PITSUWO LINE
Six times a month.
""
99
""
55
99
""
***
Ten
""
The passengers between Japan and Tientsin can regularly connect at Dairen with the steamers of Osaka Shosen Kaisha's Osaka-Dairen Line.
XXX
SHIPPING
Douglas Steamship Company, Ltd.
HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA COAST PORT SERVICE.
Regular Service of Fast, High-Class Coast Steamers having good! accommodation for First Class Passengers, Electric Light and Fans in Staterooms and Excellent Cuisine. Arrivals and Departures from the Company's Wharf (near Blake Pier).
Sailings to Swatow Four times Weekly, to Amoy and Foochow Twice Weekly, on Tuesday and Friday. Round trip to Foochow, calling at Swatow and Amoy, occupies about nine- days. Stay of Steamers at Swatow and Amoy on upward. and downward trip about 8 hours. Stay at Foochow 48 hours.
FLEET OF STEAMERS:
Haiyang "Haiching
"Haihong Haitan
"
"7
""
"Haimun "
""
:
:
:
:
:
:
Tons 2,289
"J
2,080
"J
2,026
""
1,856
39
1,311
For Freight and Passage apply to:--
DOUGLAS LAPRAIK & Co.,
General Managers,
20, Des Vœux Road Central, Hongkong-
AGENTS AT COAST PORTS:-
At Amoy-Messrs. DOUGLAS LAPRAIK & Co.
At Swatow and Foochow-Messrs. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co., Ltd.
SHIPPING
STEAM BETWEEN JAPAN, HONGKONG, MANILA AND AUSTRALIA
xxxi
EASTERN & AUSTRALIAN STEAMSHIP CO., LD.
S.S. "ST. ALBANS
"EMPIRE'
99
"EASTERN"
...
...
...
́ ALDENHAM
...
...
...
4,500 Tons Reg.
4,500
•
3,600
**
...
4,000
These fine Steamers keep up a Service between Japan and Hongkong, via Manila, Port Darwin and Queensland Ports, to Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide, leaving Hongkong at intervals of three weeks.
Each Steamer has Electric Light throughout, and is fitted with Refrigerating Chambers, which ensure a supply of Fresh Provisions during the entire voyage.
A duly Qualified Surgeon and Stewardess are carried.
N..B. To ensure the additional comfort of passengers the steamers of this Company have electric fans fitted in state-rooms. They are also fitted with Wireless Telegraphy.
For Freight and Passage apply to:-
GIBB, LIVINGSTON & CO.,
Agents.
OFFICE :-ST. GEORGE'S BUILDING, HONGKONG.
SALE & FRAZAR, LTD.,
JAPAN,
TOKYO, KOBE, YOKOHAMA and MOJI.
Chartering, Sale and Purchase of Steamers.
AGENCIES:-
LONDON ASSURANCE (FIRE) CORPORATION.
BANK LINE, LIMITED (Indian-African and Oriental-African Lines). ELLERMAN & BUCKNALL STEAMSHIP Co., Ltd.
(American and Manchurian Line). (Atlantic, Gulf and Far East Line).
ISTHMIAN STEAMSHIP LINES.
THE ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET COMPANY
(Trans-Pacific Line).
THE "ELLERMAN" LINE (European Service).
xxxii
RAILWAYS
Shanghai - Nanking
Railway.
The Line of a Hundred Pagodas.
Rapid Travel in Safety
and Comfort.
Three Express Services daily with Restaurant
and Dining Cars between
SHANGHAI, SOOCHOW, WUSIEH, CHANGCHOW,
CHINKIANG AND NANKING.
Sleeping Cars on Night Expresses.
First-Class Cuisine at Reasonable Charges.
Special. reduced Rates for Picnic and Other Parties.
The Shortest and Quickest Route between
SHANGHAI, TIENTSIN, PEKING AND EUROPE.
THROUGH BOOKINGS
with Chinese Government Railways and Japanese Lines.
For further information, Apply to
THE TRAFFIC MANAGER,
SHANGHAI.
RAILWAYS
xxxiii
TRAIN DE LUXE AT TIENTSIN SETTLEMENT STATION
Chinese Government Railways: Peking-Mukden Line
Through Service between Peking and Mukden, Connecting at Mukden with the South Manchuria Railway Co.'s Expresses for Trans-Siberian Route: at Peking Connection is made with the Peking- Hankow Railway for Hankow and Yangtsze Ports, and Intermediate Points Beached by the Chen-Tai Line to Taiyuanfu, the Tao-Ching Line, and the Peinlo Railway to Kaifengfu and Honaufu. is also made at Peking with the Picturesque Kalgan Line, "The Road to the Great Wall
Connection
THE
PEKING - MUKDEN
LINE PASSES THROUGH '
THE MOST INTERESTING
PART OF CHINA
PEKING: THE CAPITAL,
WITH ITS WALLS, PALACES,
TEMPLES and TOMBS.
TIENTSIN: THE GREAT
TRADE CENTRE OF NORTH
CHINA. TONGSHAN :
THE LARGEST MINING AND
INDUSTRIAL TOWN IN THE COUNTRY. SHANHAI-
KWAN: WHERE THE
GREAT WALL ENDS AT THE SEA. NEWCHWANG: THE BUAY COMMERCIAL
PORT Or MANCHURIA. MUKDEN: THE ANCES-
TRAL HOME OF THE MANCHU
DYNASTY. A MINIATURE
PEKING, WITH ITS WALLS, IMPERIAL PALACES,
PLES AND TOMES.
TEM.
PEKING STATION
THE THROUGH TRAINS APE EQUIPPED WITH BUFFET AND DINING CAR SERVICE, AND A COMFORTable MODERN TRAIN DE LUXE OF COM- PARTMENT SLEEPING coaches RUNS IN CON- NECTION WITH THE THROUGH SERVICE OF THE SOUTH MAN- CHURIAN AND TRANS- SIBERIAN RAILWAYS.
For further information apply to any office in America or Europe of
The Cie. Internationale Des Wagons-Lits; Thos. Cook & Son; or The Chinese Government Railways,
TIENTSIN,
NORTH CHINA.
FIRST-CLASS SLEEPING BERTH, TRAINS DE LUXE.
B
xxxiv
STEAMSHIP COMPANY
Toyo Kisen Kaisha
(Oriental Steamship Co.)
Imperial Japanese Trans-Pacific Dail Lines
SAN FRANCISCO LINE:
New Triple Screw Turbine Steamers, 22,000 Tons and 21 Knots Speed "TENYO MARU" "SHINYO MARU"
AND
The Twin Screw "NIPPON MARU" 11,000 Tons, 18 Knots, AND "PERSIA MARU 9,000 Tons, 17 Knots,
AND THREE CARGO STEAMERS
From Hongkong via Shanghai, Japan Ports and Honolulu
DIRECT SAILINGS TO AND FROM MANILA
SOUTH AMERICA LINE:
From Hongkong via Japan Ports, Honolulu, Hilo, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Chili to
"KIYO MARU"
17,200 Tons
Valparaiso and Coronel
"ANYO MARU"
18,500 Tons
"SEIYO MARU"
14,000 Tons
All Steamers are Fitted with Wireless Telegraphy and Telephones
HEAD OFFICE:-Yokohama, Japan.
Agents:
HONGKONG :-Mr. K. Doi. SHANGHAI:-AMERICAN TRADING Co. MANILA :-Erlanger & GALINGER, INC. NAGASAKI :-HOLME, RINger & Co.
| KOBE:---Mr. K. NAKASHIMA.
YOKOHAMA :- -GENERAL TRAFFIC DEPT.
T.K.K. SINGAPORE :-MCALISTER & Co., Ltd. PENANG:-Sandilands, BUTTERY & Co. And at all the Important Cities of the World.
Telegrams:
"DOCK."
Codes: A1, Scott's
A.B.C. 4th & 5th
Lieber's & Watkin's
DOCKS
D
XXXV
Telephones: Directors' & Engin-
eering Office
Nos. 376, 506, 681,
2050, 3470.
The Yokohama Dock
Company. Limited.
Dry Dock and Warehouse Owners.
DIRECTORS:-
President-ROKURO HARA, Esq.
Managing Directors-
SHINKICHI YAMADA, Esq.
SHIGEYA KONDO, Esq.
Directors-
TOSHINOBU SUDA, Esq. SOBEI MOGI, Esq,
DRY DOCK DEPARTMENT:
No. 1 Dock.
Docking Length ...515 feet, Width of Entrance 80 Water on Blocks... 28
"
No. 2 Dock.
Docking Length ...376 feet. Width of Entrance 50 Water on Blocks... 20
;)
""
No. 3 Dock.
Docking Length ...481 feet. Width of Entrance 63 Water on Blocks...21.5
MOORING BASIN 600 feet × 180 feet × 25 feet deep.
22
Every description of repair work is undertaken. A large assortment of material including tail shafts is kept in stock. Two powerful tow boats, floating derrick to lift up to 45 tons, pneumatic, electric, hydraulic plants, etc. Manufacturers of engines, boilers, tugs, lighters, constructional steel work, etc. Tenders on short notice by letter or cable.
WAREHOUSE DEPARTMENT:-
TELEPIIONES:- HEAD OFFICE, Nos. 533, 575; CUSTOMS BRANCH OFFICE, No. 1392; IRIFUNE-CHO, No. 2251.
Containing private bonded warehouses and sugar consumption tax covered warehouses.
99 buildings, principally of brick and steel, Floor area 67,917 square yards or 14 acres. Direct water frontage of 2.36 miles in length, part having a depth of 25 feet at low water, suitable for steamers discharging direct into warehouses. Railway siding with direct connection to the Government Railways. Use of 45-ton derrick, tugs, launches, etc. Every description of warehousing. Custom-house brokerage and insurance undertaken. Rates moderate.
xxxvi
DOCKS
THE YOKOHAMA DOCK Co., Ltd.
THE CO.'S WAREHOUSES
THE CO.'S DRY DOCKS
2
YOKOHAMA HARBOUR
1. ENGLISH HATOBA. 2. NEW CUSTOMS QUAY.
3. YOKOHAMA RY. STATION.
4. HIRANUMA RY. STATION. 5. KANACAWA RY. STATION.
DRY DOCK No. 1-515 FT.
NO. 2-481
"2
99
"9
39
""
No. 3-376
11
+
| Knot:
DOCKS
xxxvii
Cable Address:
"DOCKYARD," KOBE.
KAWASAKI
રાષ્ટ્ર
ASAKI DOCKYARD
Codes Used:
Al, A.B.C. (4th & 5th),
Enineerging, Lieber's,
and
Western Union Codes.
COMPANY, LTD.
KOBE MAIN WORKS,
SHIPBUILDERS, ENGINEERS AND REPAIRERS.
Sole Manufacturers of Curtis Marine
HYOGO WORKS, Steam Turbines, M.A.N.'s Diesel Oil
Higashi Shiriike,
KOBE.
Manufacturers of LOCOMOTIVES,
RAILWAY & ELECTRIC
CARRIAGES,
HEAVY STEEL
and
IRON CASTINGS,
WATER & GAS PIPES,
GIRDERS & BRIDGES,
PLANKS and
ete., etc.
SAW-MILLING,
Engines, Schmidt's Superheaters for Marine and Locomotive use, Westing- house Lebranc's Refrigerators, Con- densers, Air Pumps, R. Allen's Pis- tons, Packings, Yarrow's & Robinson's Superheaters, etc., and Licensed Makers of Thornycroft's Steam Boilers and Oil Fuel Burners and Weir's Pumps, Evaporators, Feed Heating and Distilling Plant.
SEVEN SHIPBUILDING BERTHS.
Capacity:
Vessels up to 950 feet (about 40,000 tons).
GRAVING DOCK AND
PATENT SLIPS.
Powerful Salvage and Towing Boat will be supplied
at Short Notice.
One 200-ton Floating Crane and Cranes of Medium Capacity.
DAIREN WORKS.
Dairen, Manchuria,
N.C.
DOCKYARD & ENGIN-
EERING WORKS.
Graving Dock:
-
Length 412 feet.
Breadth
51 feet.
Powerful Salvage and
Towing Boat will be
supplied at
Short Notice.
株式會社川崎造船所
神戶市東川崎町二 丁 目 TH
Xxxviii
HOTELS
GRAND HÔTEL DE PÉKIN,
PEKING.
Société Anonyme française au capital de $250,000.
Telegraphic Address: "ITALO," PEKING. Codes: A. B. C. 5th Edition. Telephone No. 581 Ting-Chu.
Pei-Tching-Ta-Fan-Tien. 店飯大京北
Vis-à-vis ITALIAN LEGATION.
On the Glacis. Entirely Rebuilt 1915.
Modern Sanitation. Sixty Rooms. Steam Heating throughout. Every Room has private Bath and Flash Toilet.
Hot and Cold Water.
FIRST-CLASS CUISINE.
For Terms apply to
B. RUSSO, Manager, GRAND HOTEL DE PÉKING Co.
HOTELS
xxxix
PEAK HOTEL,
HONGKONG.
First-Class Residential and Tourist Hotel.
Telegraphic Address: " PEACEFUL."
1,400 FEET ABOVE SEA-LEVEL.
15 MINUTES FROM PRINCIPAL
LANDING STAGE.
TELEPHONE in Every Room.
European Runner Meets Incoming Steamers.
SAVOY HOTEL,
No. 21, Broadway, SHANGHAI (CHINA).
Cable Address: "SAVOY."
The Best Medium-Priced Hotel in the City. Near to Everywhere, and Providing all Modern veniences.
American or European Plan.
RATES:-
con-
$4.00 and $5.00 per day. Special Terms to Monthly Guests.
C. A. BIDDLE,
MANAGER.
Telephone No. 2510.
C*
x1.
COAL MERCHANTS
KAIPING COALS
THE KAILAN MINING ADMINISTRATION.
Head Office:-Tientsin, North China.
The Collieries situated in the Kaiping District of the Province of Chihli have an output approaching 3,500,000 tons per annum, which is classified to meet the local demands as under:
J
Navy Lump is a fuel specially suited to the Far Eastern Näval requirements; pos-
sessing all the characteristics of the best Cardiff coal.
Loco. Lump.-A first quality steam coal comparing favourably with the best Japanese, Australian or Scotch coals. As a special fuel for locomotives, it is used on all the Chinese Railways North of the Yangtze. Locomotive Lump mixed with a proportion of slack from the same seams is used as a bunker coal by all the large Eastern Shipping concerns. For steady steam- ing this mixture gives excellent results, being both cheap and economical in consumption.
Linsi Lump is a good quality coal most suitable for household purposes.
Slack in two grades is a good, cheap fuel largely in demand by the Chinese in the brick-burning and distilling industries, in bean cake factories, etc., and for general domestic use.
Coke of a SPECIAL quality, manufactured with great care from the best coal, is used with good results by the Government Arsenals, Mints and Dockyards and is considered equal in quality to the best Durham product. It is close-grained, hard, heavy and free from sulphur.
No. 2 Coke is used for household purposes.
Firebricks Marked K.M.A. of the well-known C.E.M.C.L. brand are made in any size and shape at the Tongshan Brickworks. This brand of firebrick is practically alone in the Chinese market.
Brown Glazed Stoneware Pipes. Glazed Tiles.
For all information please apply to:-
GENERAL Manager-Tientsin.
AGENT-I, JINKEE ROAD, SHANGHAI.
AGENTS MESSRS. DODWELL & Co., LTD., Hongkong,
or any of the Administration's Agencies.
¡
ک کے
Cable Ad:- IWASAKI"
Which also applies to all
Branch Offices.
'COAL MERCHANTS
བྷ༔
Al, A.B.C. 5th Edition,
and
Western Unión Codes used.
xli
MITSUBISHI GOSHI KWAISHA
(MITSU BISHI CO.)
COAL DEPARTMENT
HEAD OFFICE;
BRANCH OFFICES:
MARUNOUCHI, TOKIO.
NAGASAKI, MOJI, KARATSU, WAKAMATSU, OTARU, MURORAN, HAKODATE, KOBE, OSAKA, KURE, TOKYO, YOKOHAMA, NAGOYA, TSURUGA, SHANGHAI, HONGKONG, HANKOW, PEKING & VLADIVOSTOCK.
All Letters Addressed:-MANAGER, MITSU BISHI CO., with Name of Place above.
AGENCIES:
MANILA:-Messrs. MACONDRAY & Co.
CHINKIANG:-Messrs. GEARING & Co.
GLASGOW :-Messrs.
MCFARLANE & Co., LD.
SINGAPORE:-Messrs. BORNEO Co., LD. A. R. Brown,
Sole ProprietTORS OF TAKASHIMA, OCHI, MUTABE; YO- SHINOTANI, KISHIDAKE, HOJO, KANADA, NAMAZUTA, SAYO, SHINNEW, AND KAMI-YAMADA COLLIERIES
Sole Agents for:
SAKITO, OYUBARI and BIBAI Coals.
The Head and Branch Offices and the Agencies of the Company will
receive any order for Coals produced from the above Collieries.
xlii
COAL MERCHANTS
Q
WING KEE & CO.,
COAL MERCHANTS, SHIP CHANDLERS, STEVEDORES AND CONTRACTORS TO THE BRITISH ADMIRALTY,
47 and 48, Connaught Road, HONGKONG.
Ships Coaled and Provisioned promptly at Lowest Rates.
Estimates Tendered and Guarantee Furnished on AIR
Contracts.
CORRESPONDENCE INVITED.
A Complete Stock of Ships' Supplies always on hand..
Cable Address: " CHICOTE."
Telephone No.144.
FRANCISCO TSE YAT-
General Manager..
SHUN CHEONG,
Importer and Exporter,
Coal Merchant and Commission Agent.
No. 23, Praya East,
Telephone No. 1812.
HONGKONG.
庄煤洋昌順
尙祈留意
價實
仕商賜顧
快捷貨眞
口貨交船
兼辦出入
上等洋煤
專辦各埠
海傍東二
舖在香港
號
八百十式
電話一千
意顧
蓄
A.C.B. CODE 5TH EDITION.
SHIPCHANDLERS
S.K.
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS ;
TELEPHONE No. 746.
"KEESING," HONGKONG.
SING KEE & CO.,
SHIP CHANDLERS,
COMPRADORES AND STEVEDORES,
No. 24A, CONNAUGHT ROAD, CENTRAL,
HONGKONG.
Keep on Hand every Description of Ships' Provisions at Lowest Prices; the Best Quality Guaranteed.
ALL SORTS OF COAL OF THE BEST QUALITY FOR SALE.
A號四十弍道樂康環中在館辦記勝 CHEONG WO & CO. Telephone No.
三號
1625.
SHIPCHANDLERS AND FLAG MAKERS,
METAL AND HARDWARE DEALERS AND
GENERAL STORE-KEEPERS,
No. 133, DES VEUX ROAD, CENTRAL, HONGKONG.
號鐵銅和祥
卅中舖百電號俱需礦船漆球本 三門在 話面 全各務用油銅號 號牌德十 議請如物製品帆鐵專 輔五千是至蒙 造鐵布各辦 百道號六荷本惠應所路輪色環
xliv
NAVY CONTRACTORS
BISMARCK & Co.
(A Chinese firm named Sun Man Woo Co.)
NAVAL CONTRACTORS -
SHIPCHANDLERS, CENERAL
IMPORTERS, COAL AND
PROVISION MERCHANTS.
Cable Address:
"Bismarck"
HONGKONG.
X
Calling Flag.
PURVEYORS TO THE.
ENGLISH, GERMAN
"
FRENCH, RUSSIAN -
AND AMERICAN NAVIES
SAIL AND FLAC MAKERS,
RICCERS, STEVEDORES
AND GENERAL COMMISSION
ACENTS.
Price List Sent
HARDWARE AND MACHINERY,
on Application,
Codes used: A1, A.B.C., 4th and 5th Editions.
ELECTRIC FITTINGS, CABLES,
WIRES, LAMPS, BELL SETS,
PUMPS, RAILWAY MATERIALS, &C.
Telephone 309.
Ships' and Engine Rooms' Stores of all Descriptions Always in Stock at REASONABLE PRICES.
*
*
*
FRESH CARDIFF AND JAPANESE COAL
PAINTS, COLOURS, OIL AND VARNISHES.
Pure Fresh Water Supplied to Shipping by Steam Pumping Boat on Shortest Notice.
*
BAKERY: Capable of putting out 10,000 lbs. of Biscuits per Day.
18 & 19, CONNAUGHT ROAD CENTRAL, Near Blake Pier, HONGKONG.
NEWSPAPERS
HANKOW DAILY
NEWS.
F. NEWEL,
Proprietor.
xlv
CHUNG NGOI SAN PO
The oldest and most widely circulated paper in South China.
For advertisement tariff apply to
HONGKONG DAILY PRESS,
10a, Des Voeux Road Central,
HONGKONG.
xlvi
CEMENT MANUFACTURERS
INDO-CHINA PORTLAND CEMENT CO., LTD.
Telephone:
No. 266.
GIMENT
TLAND
PRIX
ANO
1902
EGE
1905
RAND
1900
EXPOSITION
COLON
Telegraphic
Address:
'CIPORTIN
HAIPHONG.'
CODE
English:
A.B.C. Code
5th EDITION.
CHINE
DES CIMENTS PORTLAND ARTIFICIELS DE L'INDO-C
G
CODE
French :
A. Z. Code
3rd EDITION.
HAIP
General Agents:
COCHIN-CHINA, CAMBODGE and LAOS: DESCOURS & CABAUD.
Shanghai,
Hankow, Tientsin,
Vladivostok.
RACINE, ACKER- MANN & Co.
PORTLAND
ANOT
1902
PRIX
CONC
1905
RAND
EMENT
1906
COLONIAL
Bangkok: MONOD & FILS,
Hongkong: VICTORIA BUILDINGS,
5, Queen's Road.
Manila
and
Cebu
Hoilo:
SMITH, BELL &
Co., Ltd,
INDO - CHINA
USE
PORTLAND
MENT
C
HAIPHONG
DRAGON
BRAND
Indes
NEDERLANDAISES:
HANDELS-
VEREENIGING
"ROTTERDAM."
FOR HIGH CLASS SOLID AND ENDURING CONSTRUCTION
CEMENT MANUFACTURERS
xlvii
Green Island Cement Co.,
Limited,
Manufacturers of
The Best Portland Cement
IN THE EAST.
PORTLAND
EUR
BRAND
CEMENT
It is the only Cement
used by the British
Government of
Hongkong.
BEWARE OF
IMITATIONS.
BEST
GREEN ISEMENT C
(LIMITED)
SHEWAN, TOMES & CO.
For further particulars apply to
DRAIN PIPES,
FIRE BRICKS, FIRE CLAY,
AND TILES.
SHEWAN, TOMES & CO.,
HONGKONG, SHANGHAI, TIENTSIN, Kobe.
xlviii
CIGAR STORE
THIS PICTURE SPEAKS FOR ITSELF
TRY OUR
SMOKE OUR
HAVANA -
ENGLISH-
MANILA
AMERICAN
BRAZILIAN
EGYPTIAN
INDIAN
CIGARETTES
DUTCH
CIGARS
AND
TOBACCO
HONGKONG CIGAR STORE
MOTEL MANSIONS
NO ORDER
TOO LARGE
HONGKONG
NO ORDER
TOO SMALL
BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS
xlix
MARUZEN COMPANY, LTD.
publishers, BOOKSELLERS, STATIONERS,, DRY-GOODS & OUTFITTERS
11-16, NIHONBASHI TORI SANCHOME,, TOKYO.
TELEPHONES:-Nos. 28 (Special), 17, 208, 876, 1,033, 1,039, 3,332, 4,908, and 5,090, HONKYOKU
THE LARGEST AND OLDEST PUBLISHERS AND IMPORTERS OF FOREIGN
BOOKS IN THE EAST.
THE LARGEST AND OLDEST IMPORTERS OF FOREIGN STATIONERIES (TYPEWRITERS AND FOUNTAIN PENS ESPECIALLY) IN THE EAST.
THE LARGEST INK MANUFACTURERS IN THE EAST.
AGENTS FOR THE FAR EAST OF LEADING PUBLISHERS AND STATIONERS
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
ALL BOOKS-SUPPLIED IN ANY LANGUAGE, NO MATTER ON WHAT Subject.
WRITE US WE CAN GET YOU ANY BOOK PUBLISHED IN THE WORLD.
BRANCHES:
OSAKA:-Shinsaibashi-suji, Bakuromachi, Shichome. KYOTO :-Sanjodori, Fuyacho-Nishi-ye-iru. FUKUOKA:-Kami-Nishimachi.
PLEASE STATE WANTS.
When in JAPAN call and see our Large Collection on Exhibition in Show Rooms.
1
THE
IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS, ETC.
EKMAN
FOREIGN AGENCIES, Limited,
Successors of
OLOF WIJK & Co.'s China Agencies A.B.,
6, KIANGSE ROAD, SHANGHAI.
IMPORTERS AND
EXPORTERS,
SHIPPING AGENTS.
SPECIALITY: Paper of All Kinds,
Pulp and Paper Mill Supplies.
AGENTS:
THE SWEDISH ASIATIC Co., LD., OF GOTHENBURG,
Regular Fortnightly Steamship Service
between Sweden and China/Japan.
AT COTHENBURG (SWEDEN):
Messrs. EKMAN & Co., Estd. 1820.
P. O. Box 68.
IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS, Etc.
Founded Over Half A Century
General Cable Address:
" MASUMASU,"
YOKOHAMA.
Trade Mark.
Codes used:
li
A.B.C. 4th and 5th Editions,
A1, Scott's, Lieber's, Western
Union, Okay Zebra
and Private.
MASUDA & Co.
(Masuda Gomei Kaisha),
68 and 69, Shichome, Honcho, YOKOHAMA,
JAPAN.
General Importers and Exporters.
Principal Imports:
Sugar, Wheat and other Grains, Wheat Flour, Sulphate of Ammonia, Nitrate of Soda
and other Fertilizers, Wood- Pulp, Beans, Beancakes, Hides, Lead, Tallow, Wool,
etc.
Principal Exports:
Timber, Sulphur, Sugar,
Cereals, Wheat Flour, Super-
phosphates, Beancake, Bean
Oil, Fish Oils, Menthol,
Porcelain, Cement, Silk and Cotton Goods, Toys, etc.
Branches in:-TOKYO, KOBE, OSAKA, DAIREN,
SHANGHAI and SHIMONOSEKI.
Representatives in:-SYDNEY and LONDON.
lii
IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS, Erc.
SUZUKI & Co.
KOBE, JAPAN.
Telegraphic Address :-" SUZUKI, KOBE."
EASTBLISHED 1887.
IMPORTERS of Sugar, Wheat, Flour, Rice, Fertilizers, Nitrate of Soda, Iron, Steel Makers' Materials, Ship, Railway and Building Structural Materials, Machinery, Machine Tools, Metals, Cotton, Wool, Yarns, Chemicals, etc.
MANUFACTURERS and EXPORTERS of Refined Camphor, (Registered Trade Mark *), Camphor Oil, Menthol Crystals and Peppermint Oil "Suzuki" Brand, Fish and Vegetable Oils and Wax, Copper, Antimony, Tin, Spelter, Machine Tools, Rice, Beans, Seeds, Peas, Agar Agar, Sulphur and Other Japan Produce, Cotton Yarns and Shirtings, Woollen Goods, Artificial Leather, etc.
PROPRIETORS of KOBE STEEL WORKS, LTD., KOBE.
DAIRI FLOUR MILLS, LTD., Moji.
SAPPORO FLOUR MILLS, LTD., SAPPORO. AZUMA LEATHER MANUFACTURING CO.,
LTD., OSAKA.
SOUTH MANCHURIA STEAMSHIP Co.,
LTD., DAIREN.
LONDON OFFICE:-29, Mincing Lane, LONDON, E.C. Telegraphic Address:-" SUZUKI, LONDON."
BRANCHES:-Portland (Ore.), Vladivostock, Hongkong, Shang
hai, Hankow, Dairen (Dalny), Tsingtau and in all principal cities in Japan, including Formosa.
CORRESPONDENTS:-London, Liverpool, Glasgow, New York, San Francisco, Portland, Ore., Vancouver, B.C., Hamburg, Petrograd. Bombay, Madras, Calcutta, Singapore, Rangoon, Batavia, Sourabaya, Manila, Sydney, Melbourne, Durban, Valparaiso, etc.
CODES USED:
A1 Code, Western Union Telegraphic Code (Universal Edition).
A.B.C. Code Fifth Edition, The Excelsior Code System.
Lieber's Standard Code, Scott's Ship Owners' Code (Tenth Edition).
Engineering Code Second Edition, Watkin's Universal Shipping Code (Revised Edition). Bentley's Complete Phrase Code.
IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS, ETC.
liii
C. ABDOOLA & CO.,
IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS AND AGENTS,
Japan Agents:
IMPERIAL FLOUR AND OIL MILLS, LIMITED,
28, Sannomiya Ichome, KOBE, JAPAN.
P. O. Box No. 171.
Telegrams: ABDOOL A.
Telephones: Sannomiya 705, 760, 895 & 1023.
Import of everything from Raw Cotton.
Export of all the commodities carried
under five departments.
BEST REFERENCES.
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED..
liv
MERCHANTS
John D. Hutchison & Co.
MERCHANTS :
IMPORT AND EXPORT,
King's Buildings, Connaught Road Central.
Telephone No. 63,
Tel. Ad: "SPERO," Hongkong.
AGENCIES:-
PATRIOTIC ASSURANCE Co.
MULLER, MACLEAN & Co.,
NEW YORK.
COLGATE & Co., PERFUMERS. BELFAST ROPEWORKS Co.,
LTD., IRELAND. NICHOLSON FILE CO., Provi-
DENCE, R.I.
QUAKER OATS Co.
RONEO, LTD.
OLIVER TYPEWRITER Co.,
LTD.
J. & J. COLMAN, LTD., Lon- DON AND NORWICH,
ETC., ETC.
Arculli Brothers,
MERCHANTS and COMMISSION AGENTS,
64, QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL, HONGKONG,
Telegraphic Address: "CURLY."
Telephone No. 409.
SOLE AGENTS FOR:--
SEAMING TWINES of Messrs. Linificia and Canapificio
Nazionale of Milan, Italy.
""
"ACORN BRAND' ELASTIC BOOT WEB and BOOT
LOOPING of Messrs. Flint, Pettit & Flint, of Leicester, England.
MERCHANTS
lv
H. GOLDENBERG & Co.
6B, Kiangse Road,
GENERAL
MERCHANTS.
Sole Agents for:-
DERHAM LUMBER Co., Manila, P.I.
Suppliers of finest Hardwood for Railways and Con-
structional purposes.
PRATT & LAMBERT, INC., New York, U.S.A.
Paints, Enamels, Varnishes and Stains. WIRT ELECTRIC SPECIALTY Co., Phil., U.S A.
Electric Specialties (Dim-a-lites).
BADGER FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Co., U.S.A.
Household Fire Extinguishers.
POLAKS FRUTAL WORKS, Amersfoort, Holland.
Oils, Essences, Synthetics and Natural Perfumes, &c. JAMES & JOHN G. SCOTT, Glasgow, Scotland.
Oil Merchants, White Lead Paints, Colours, &c.
GILLON & COMPANY,
MERCHANTS,
YOKOHAMA, JAPAN.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
James Buchanan & Co., Ltd. Gordon's London Dry Gin Co., Ltd.
Bollinger Champagne.
Jas. Hennessy & Co.
British-American Tobacco Co.
Alex. Pirie & Sons, Aberdeen. Apperly, Curtis & Co., Strand.
Etc.,
Etc.
Ivi
GARAGES
The Eastern Garage Co.,
129a & 130a, Szechuan Road, SHANGHAI.
CARS FOR HIRE.
TELEPHONE No. 1159.
ཛཱ:
OPEN DAY AND NIGHT.
Try a ride in our 1916 Model 7-passenger Cadillac Cars.
EXILE GARAGE,
Nos 33 and 35, Des Voeux Road, HONGKONG
CARS FOR HIRE.
Repairs Promptly and Efficiently Executed.
OPEN DAY AND NIGHT.
Telephone No. 1036.
Cable Address: 66 EXILE."
NICOL & CO., Proprietors.
MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS AND SHOEMAKERS
Iviit
OIL MILL MACHINERY
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, FOR ALL OIL-BEARING SEEDS & NUTS.
裔
BY THE OLDEST AND LARGEST MAKERS IN THE WORLD.
THE "KINGSTON"
GRAB-DREDGER AND EXCAVATOR
SIMPLEST.
CHEAPEST.
BEST.
FOR ALL DREDGING PURPOSES ASHORE AND AFLOAT.
CATALOGUES, ESTIMATES AND FULL INFORMATION ON APPLICATION.
ROSE, DOWNS & THOMPSON, LIMITED.
SHANGHAI.
HEAD OFFICE & WORKS :-HULL, ENGLAND.
LONDON OFFICE :-12, MARK LANE, E.C.
ESTABLISHED 1777.
HAND-SEWN
BOOTS
AND
SHOES.
MADE
CHERRY & Co.
Pedder
Street,
HONGKONG.
TO ORDER
攀
¡lviii
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND CONFECTIONERY
SOCIETT OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
IN BASLE, BASLE.
Indigo Ciba Aniline.
PYROGENE AND VAT COLOURS, ETC.
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS.
THE SINO-SWISS COMMERCIAL Co.,
SHANGHAI
M. WINTELER, Agent Messrs. Volkart Bros., India.
M. WINTELER, 55, Szechuen Road, Shanghai,
MORINAGA CONFECTIONERY CO., LIMITED,
12, Itchome, Tamachi, Shiba-ku, TOKYO, JAPAN.
Branch:-OSAKA.
Capital ...
Annual Sales
Y500,000 (Paid up)
Y3,000,000
MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONERS.
Our Speciality: CANDIES and BISCUITS.
Only Factory making Foreign Confections in the Orient.
BUILDING CONTRACTOR AND STEVEDORE
lix
造建義同 LIU SING, 祥奕廖
BUILDING CONTRACTOR,
No.328,Shanghai Street, Yaumati,.
HONGKONG.
Telephone K.48.
造建路鐵廣九家皇港香
帶 觀 梁
LEUNG KON TAI,
STEVEDORE.
TELEPHONE No. 687.
No. 34, Connaught Road. Central
(lst FLOOR),
HONGKONG.
號八話本 號 三
十六樓二
111 +
康環貨上承
諾海在起接
七百電樓四道中落船
lx
BUSINESS NOTICES
INTERNATIONAL BICYCLE CO.
CYCLE AND GENERAL IMPORTERS,
RICKSHA MANUFACTURERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS.
Head Office and Show Room:
RUE DE FRANCE, TIENTSIN.
Branches and Agencies:
KAIFENGFU, POATINGFU, PEKING, MUKDEN,
NEWCHWANG, TAIYUANFU, TSINANFU.
Cable Address:-- "CYCLOPS."
Codes:-A.B C. 5th Edition.
Telephone No. 1391.
Hong Name:-QUAI-LEE
CHING KENG LEE & CO.,
SINGAPORE.
Auctioneers, Valuers and Estate Agents.
Auctioneers appointed by the Supreme Court to conduct the largest and most important Sale of Real Estate ever held in Singapore.
VALUATIONS MADE, MORTGAGES ARRANGED, AND RENTS COLLECTED.
AGENCIES:
Hong Joo's Estate, Malacca.
Eastern United Assurance
Corporation, Ltd.
AUCTION SALES OF
Pawnbrokers' Unredeemed Pledges
held Monthly.
Telegrams:
**NUTTER, MOJI." Telephone No.
866 (Matsunobu).
BUSINESS NOTICES
4
NUTTER & CO.,
17, SAMBASHI-DORI,
Codes:
Ixií
A B C 5th, A1,
Scott's 10th,
Western Union.
(Facing Railway Station), MOJI, JAPAN. Shipping, Coal Bunkering, Commission, Insurance, Import and Export, Surveyors and Auctioneers.
KOREAN GRAPHITE a speciality. We can supply all grades of Amorphous Graphite at cheapest prices.
The Robert Dollar Company.
AGENTS FOR :-
Eirch, Kirby & Co., Ltd., Kobe & London. Suffern & Co., New York.
Transatlantic Marine Insurance Co. Hind Rolph & Co., San Francisco.
F. Green & Co., London.
New Zealand Insurance Co., Ltd. North of England Protecting and Indem-
nity Association.
"Commercial Japan" Trade Journal,
Kyushu.
Etc., etc., etc.
Chartering Experience of over 30 years. Also Buying and Selling Steamers. Correspondence invited.
AGENTS WANTED.
Stockings, Socks, Singlets, Sweaters and Underwear.
Summer and Winter Qualities.
4
CHEAPEST
PRICES.
Why pay for high-priced articles when our cheap
goods are as good?
Ask for samples from
KAM HING KNITTING COMPANY, LIMITED,
Kowloon, Hongkong...
N.B.-This is a British Company.
ཟླ་
¡ lxii
BUSINESS NOTICES
KURODA,
MANUFACTURER
OF
ARTISTIC BRONZE: GOLD, SILVER AND COPPER BRONZE, No. 19, Teramachi, Shijo Minami, KYOTO.
Telephone No. 1714 (SHIMO).
Gold Medal: Panama Pacific International Exhibition.
DE SOUZA &
Co.,
GENERAL MERCHANTS,
No. 20, DES VEUX ROAD CENTRAL, HONGKONG.
EXPORTERS OF CHINA PRODUCE AND MANUFACTURED GOODS.
IMPORTERS OF ALL CLASSES OF EUROPEAN, AMERICAN AND AUSTRALIAN PRODUCTS.
號興榮三 TSANG FOO & Co., 司公寓會 Coal Merchants and Stevedores,
No. 48, Des Vœux Road Central, HONGKONG.
Coal Storage for 10,000 tons under cover in the Firm's Godowns at Wanchai and Yaumati.
The Bunkering of Steamers executed at the Shortest Notice.
Telephone 329 and 330.
Manager: TSANG FOO.
PRINTING AND BINDING
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION EXECUTED AT THE OFFICES
OF THE
HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, LIMITED,
10A, DES VOEUX ROAD, HONGKONG.
Anglo-Chinese Calendar for 1916
JANUARY
(31 Days)
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
(29 Days)
(31 Days)
(30 Days)
(31 Days)
(30 Days)
(31 Days)
AUGUST
(31 Days)
SEPTEMBER
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DAYS
of the
WEEK
H
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DAYS
of the
WEEK
(30 Days)
OCTOBER
(31 Days)
NOVEMBER
(30 Days)
DAYS
of the
WEEK
DECEMBER
(31 Days)
DAYS
[of the
WEEK
Sat.
1 XI 26 Tues.
S.
27 Wed.
Mon.
Tues.
3
28 Thur.
29 Fri.
Wed. 5 x
1Sat.
12345
Thur. 6
2 S.
XII 28 Wed.
N.Y. 1Fri.
2 Sat.
4 Mon.
I
28 Sat.
29/Thur.
29
S.
30 Mon.
ΣΤΕ
==
II 29 Mon.
1 m 29 Thur.
Sat.
1 VI 2 Tues.
1 VII
3 Fri.
VIII 4 S.
IX
30 Tues. 2 IV
1 Fri.
S.
3 Wed. 2
4 Sat.
6 Mon.
5 Wed.
6 Thur.
X
6 Fri.
7 Sat.
1 Wed. 3
2 Sat.
Mon.
3
4 Thur. 3
$.
Tues.
7 Fri.
8 S.
4 II
1 Tues.
2 Thur.
S.
Tues.
6 Fri.
6 Mon.
4
7 Wed.
8 Sat.
4:
9 Ion.
10
S.
Wed.
3. Fri.
4 Mon.
5 Wed.
6 Sat.
5
7 Tues.
8 Thur.
9 S.
5
10 Tues.
11
3 Thur.
4.Sat.
5 Tues.
6 Thur. 6;
7 S.
6
8 Wed.
9 Fri.
10 Mon.
11 Wed.
12
Fri.
3 Mon.
5 Tues.
4 Fri.
5 S.
6 Wed.
7 Fri.
8 Mon.
7
9 Thur.
10 Sat.
11 Tues.
7
12 Thur.
13
Sat. 8
4 Tues.
6 Wed.
8
5 Sat.
6 Mon.
7 Thur.
8 Sat.
91ues.
8.
10 Fri.
11
S.
12 Wed.
13 Fri.
8
14
S. 9
5 Wed.
7 Thur. 9]
Mon. 10
Tues, 11
Wed. 12
Thur. 13
Fri. 14
Sat. 15
S. 16
Mon. 17]
6 Thur. 10
8 Fri.
10
S.
Ion. [10]
7 Tues. 9
8 Fri.
S.
9
10 Wed.
9
11 Sat.
9
12 Mon.
13 Thur.
91
14 Sat.
15
8 Wed. 10
9 Sat.
[10]
10 Mon.
10
11 Thur. 10
12 S.
10
13 Tues. 10
14 Fri.
[10
15 S.
10
16
7 Fri.
11
9 Sat.
11
8Tues. [11]
9 Thur. 11
10 S.
11 Tues. 11
12 Fri.
11
13 Mon. 11
14 Wed. 11
15 Sat.
11
16 Mon. 11
17
8 Sat.
12
10 S.
[12
Wed. 12
10 Fri.
12
11 Mon. 12|
12 Wed. 12
13 Sat.
12
14 Tues. 12|
15 Thur. [12]
16
S. 12
9 S. 13
11 Mon. 13
10 Thur. 13
11 Sat.
13
12 Tues.
13 Thur. 13
14 S.
13
15 Wed. 13
16 Fri.
13
17 Mon. 13
17 Tues. [12 18 Wed. [18]
.19
19
10 Mon. 14}
12 Tues. [14
11Fri.
14
12 S.
14
13 Wed. 14
14 Fri.
14
15 Mon. 14
16 Thur. 14
17 Sat.
18 Tues. 14
19 Thur. 14
20
11 Tues. 15 12,Wed. 16
13 Wed. 15
12 Sat.
15
13 Mon. 15
14 Thur 15]
15 Sat.
15
16 Tues. 15
14 Thur. 16
S.
|16|
14 Tues. 16
15 Fri.
16 S.
16
17 Wed. 16
Tues. 18
13 Thur. 17
14 Fri.
18
15(Fri.
16 Sat.
17]
14 Mon. 17
15 Wed. 17
16 Sat.
18
15 Tues.
Wed 19
15 Sat.
17 S.
19
16 Wed. 19
Thur. 20
16
S.
18 Mon. 20
Fri. 21
Sat. 22
S. 23
Mon. 24
Tues. 25
17 Mon.
18 Tues. 22
19 Tues. 21 20 Wed. [22]
17 Thur. 20 18 Fri.
19 Sat.
19 Wed. 23]
21 Thur. 23
20 S.
16,Thur. 18 17 Fri.
18 Sat.
19 S.
20 Mon. 22
21 Tue.
19
17 S.
18 Mon. 19|
17 Mon. 17| 18 Tues. 18 19 Wed. 19]
18 Thur. 17.
17 Fri. 15; 18 Sat. 16 19 S. 17
18
19 Fri.
18
20 Mon. 18
S.
19 on. 16
20 Tues.
21 Wed. 18
19 Wed. 15
20 Fri.
15
21
20 Thur. 16
21 Sat.
16
21 Fri.
22 Sat.
17
22
S.
|17|
23
18
20 Sat.
19
21 Tues. [19]
22 Thur. 19
23 S. 19]
23 Mon. 18 24 Tues. 19)
24
19 Tues. 20
20 Wed. 21
20 Thur. 20
21 Fri.
21 S.
20
22 Wed. 20)
23 Fri.
20
24 Mon. [20]
25 Wed. 20}
26
21
22 Mon. 21
23 Thur. 21,
24 Sat.
25 Tues. 21
26 Thur.
21 Thur.
22 Sat.
22
23 Tues. 22
24 Fri.
25 S.
26 Wed. 22
27 Fri.
20 Thur. 24
22* Fri.
21 Mon.
21: Fri.
2.5
23,Sat.
Tues.
Wed. 26
22 Sat.
24 S.
26
23 Wed. 26|
22 Wed. 24 23.Thur. 25 24 Fri. 26
22 Fri.
23:Sat.
231 S. 23
24 Wed. 23
25 Sat.
26 Mon.
27 Thur.
28 Sat.
29
24 Mon. 24
25 Thur. 24
26
S.
24!
27 Tues. 24]
28 Fri.
29 S.
30
Thur. 27
23 S.
25 Mon. 27|
24 Thur.
25 Sat.
Fri. 28
24 Mon.
28
26 Tues. 28
Fri.
26 S.
Sat. 29
25 Tues. 29
27 Wed. [29]
Sat.
S. 30
26
Thur. [30]
Mon. 31
27
Fri.
31
27 Mon. 29 28 Tues. 30
Wed. 31
24 S.
25 Mon. 26
26 Tues. 27 Wed. 28 28 Thur. 29
29 Fri.
30
25
25 Tues. 25
26 Fri.
25
27 Mon.
25
28 Wed. 25
29 Sat.
XI
1 Mon.
XHI
26 Wed. 26
27,Sat.
26
28 Tues. 26
27 Thur. 27
28 S.
27.
28 Fri.
28
29 Mon. 28.
29 Wed. 27: IX 30 Thur. 28
Thur. 26
Fri. 27 X
Sat.
30
S.
Tues. 26
1 Mon. 27
Wed.
28
2 Tues. 28
Thur.
29 Sat.
29
30 Tues. 29 vn
1 Fri. 29
S. 29
8 Wed. 29
6 Fri.
30 VI
1 S.
30 v
1 Wed. 30,
2 Sat.
30
Mon.
31
2Thur. 31
4 Mon. 30
Tues. 31
4 Thur. 30
6 Sat.
30
S.
31
lxiv
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
JANUARY-31 DAYS
SUNRISE
SUNSET
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
1st
.7h. 03m.
5h. 50m.
1914 1915
Maximum
15th
.7h. 06m.
5h. 59m.
.67.4
64.0
Minimum
..58.8
56.3
Mean
.62.8 60.1
MOON'S PHASES
d.
h.
in.
BAROMETER, 1915
New Moon
5
0
45
P.M.
Mean
..30.20
First Quarter
12
11
38
A.M.
Full Moon
20
4
29
P.M.
1914
RAINFALL
1915
Last Quarter
28
35
A.M.
0.000 inches
0.345 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF 11 & 12
WEEK
MONTH
Sat.
1
MOONS
26
26
Sun.
2
27
Mon.
3
28
Tues.
4
29
Wed.
Thur.
Frid.
Sat.
LO CON 00
5
6
123
8
Sun.
9
Mon. 10 Tues. 11
CHRONOLOGY OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
Kobe and Osaka opened, 1868. Overland Telegraph through Russia opened, 1872. Russians surrender Port Arthur to the Japanese, with 878 officers, 23,491 men, 546 guns and vast stores of ammunition, also 4 battleships, 2 cruisers, 14 gunboats and de- stroyers, 10 steamers and 35 small vessels, 1905. Inauguration of Chinese Republic with Dr. Sun Yat Sen as Provisional President, 1912. First Chinese Celebration of Western New Year, 1913.
2ND AFTER CHRISTMAS. First election by the Hongkong Chamber of Commerce of a member of the Legislative Council, 1884. Evacuation of Shanghai completed, 1903. First sitting of Reconstituted Appeal Court, Hongkong, 1913.
First election by the Hongkong Justices of the Peace of a member of the Legislative
Council, 1884.
Decree of Emperor Tao-kwang prohibiting trade with England, 1840. Commissioner Yeh captured, 1858. Chinese Government definitely refused to submit the Macao boundary question to arbitration, 1910.
EPIPHANY. Fearful fire at Tientsin, 1,400 famine refugees burnt to death, 1878. Forts at Chuenpi taken with great slaughter, 1841. Chinese Govt. Press Bureau
initiated, 1914.
Ice one-fourth inch thick at Canton, 1852. British str. "Namchow" sank off Cup Chi, near Swatow; about 350 lives lost, 1892. The French evacuated Chantaboon, 1905. President Yuan Shih-kai declares 7 cities in North China open to international trade, viz., Kweihwa Ch'eng, Kalgan, Dolou-Nor, Chinfeng, Taonanfu, Liengkow, Hulutao, 1919. 18T AFTER EPIPHANY. Murder of Mr. Holworthy at the Peak, Hongkong, 1869.
Seamen's Church, West Point, opened, 1872. New Union Church, Hongkong, opened 1891. H.E. The Governor of Hongkong issued an appeal for an endowment fund of $1,250,000 for proposed Hongkong University, 1909.
Tung-chi, Emperor of China, died, in his nineteenth year, 1875. China's Parliament
dissolved, 1914.
Ki-ying, Viceroy of Two Kwang, issues a proclamation intimating the intention to
open up Canton according to the Treaties, 1846.
Secretary of United States Legation murdered at Tokyo, 1871.
Volcanic eruptions and
tidai wave in Kagoshima (Japan); famine in Northern Japan, 1914. Bread poisoning in Hongkong by Chinese baker, 1857. Indo-China str. "Yik Sing" lost
at The Brothers, 1908. Hongkong Courts of Justice opened, 1912. 2ND AFTER EPIPHANY. Severe frost in Hongkong, 1893.
to Peking, 1902.
Chinese Imperial Court returned
The Tai-wo gate at the Palace, Peking, destroyed, 1889. Great gunpowder explosion in Hongkong harbour, 1867. Elliot and Kishen treaty, ceding Hongkong, 1841. Sailors' Home at Hongkong formally
opened, 1863.
Attempt to set fire to the C. N. Co.'s steamer "Pekin" at Shanghai, 1891. Collision near Woosung between P. & O. steamer "Nepaul" and Chinese transport "Wan-nien-ching ": latter sunk and eighty lives lost, 1887. Hongkong ceded to Great Britain 1841. Celebration of Hongkong's Jubilee, 1891.
Death of Queen Victoria, 1991. The first Chinese Ambassadors arrived in London, 1877.
Sir Henry May left Hongkong to become Governor of Fiji, 1911. P. & O. steamer "Niphon" lost off Amoy, 1865.
3RD AFTER EPIPHANY.
Wed.
12
Thur.
13
2 3
8
9
Frid.
14
10
Sat.
15
11
Sun. 16
12
Mon, 17
13
Tues. 18
14
Wed. 19
15
Thur.
20
16
163
Frid.
Sat.
Sun.
21
22
23
Mon. 24
Tues.
25
26
2 22 22 ** * *7
7 2** ** ** 8 **
17
18
19
20
Matheus Ricci, the Jesuit Missionary, enters Peking, 1601. U. S. corvette
lost through collision with P. & O. steamer "Bombay," near Yokohama, 1870. Decree announcing resignation of Emperor Kwang Hsu, 1900.
"Oneida
21
23
2+
Wed.
Thur. 27
Frid. 28
Sat. 29
25
Sun. 30 26
Mon.
31
27
Hongkong taken possession of, 1841. St. Paul's Church at Macao burnt 1835. Terrific
fire at Tokyo; 10,000 houses destroyed and many lives lost, 1881.
Decree from Yung-ching forbidding, under pain of death, the propagation of the
Christian faith in China, 1733.
Lord Saltoun left China with $3,000,000 ransom money, 1846. British gunboat patrol with- drawn from West River, 1903. Big fire among flower-boats in Canton: 100 lives lost, 1909
Outer forts of Weihaiwei captured by Japanese, 1894; volcano eruption at Taal, P.I.,
1911. Japan makes certain demands on China, 1916.
!
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
FEBRUARY-29 DAYS
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
lxv
SUNRISE
SUNSET
1st
..7h. 03m.
6h. 11m.
15th
..6h. 56m.
6h. 19m.
Maximum
Minimum
Mean
1914
1915
.66.9 67.8
.59.9
59.4
.63.1 63.6
MOON'S PHASES
d.
h.
m.
BAROMETER, 1915
New Moon
4
.
0.
6
A.M.
Mean
First Quarter
11
6
20
A.M.
Full Moon
19
.. 10
29
A.M.
1914
RAINFALL
Last Quarter
26
5
4
24
P.M.
3.240 inches
.30.06
1915
0.505 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF. 12 & 1
WEEK MONTH MOONS
Tues. 1
28
Wed. 2
Thur.
29
3 N. Y.
ཁ ༥
Frid.
4
Sat.
5
Sun.
6
Mon. Tues.
2
3
56
78
E23
6
~
Wed.
9│
"Thur. Frid. 11
10.
9
Sat.
12
10
Sun. 13
11
'Mon. 14
Tues. 15
12
13
Wed. 16
14
Thur. 17 Frid. 18
15
16
Sat.
19
17
Sun.
20
18
Mon. 21
19
20
21
24
22
LUR FRA 22 2
* 222 22 2
Tues.
Wed. 23
Thur.
Frid.
25
23
Sat.
26
24
Sun.
27
25
Mon. 28
26
*Tues.
29
27
***2
CHRONOLOGy of RemarKABLE EVENTS
#
Inhabitants of Hongkong declared British subjects, 1841. The Additional Article to Chefoo Convention came into force, 1887. First meeting of International Commission on Opium at Shanghai, 1909.
The German Club at Hongkong opened, 1872. Weihaiwei citadel captured by Japanese,
1895.
Great robbery in the Central Bank, Hongkong, discovered, 1865. Agreement opening
West River signed, 1897.
Anti-foreign riot at Chinkiang, foreign houses burned and looted, 1889. Local Administra-
tive bodies in China suppressed, 1914.
The Spanish Envoy Halcon arrived at Macao to demand satisfaction from the Chinese for the burning of the Spanish brig "Bilbaino," 1840. Japan broke off diplomatic relations with Russia, 1904. Japanese str. "Tatsu Maru" seized by Chinese gunboats near Macao for alleged smuggling arms, 1908. Sir George Phillippo, a former Chief Justice of Hong- kong, died at Geneva, 1911.
Suez Canal adopted as the regular route for the Eastern Mails, 1888.
The Spanish fleet leaves the port of Cavite, by order of the Governor of Manila, for the purpose of taking Formosa, 1626. Hostilities between Russia and Japan begun by Russian gunboat off Chemulpo, 1904. Japanese made a successful torpedo attack a midnight on Russia's Port Arthur squadron, 1904.
The "Henrietta Maria" was found drifting about in the Palawan Passage, captain, crew, and 250 coolies missing, 1857. Murder of Messrs. Kiddle and Sutherland at Mengka on Yunnan border, 1900. Naval fight at Port Arthur between Japanese and Russian fleets with disastrous consequences to the latter, 1904.
The Japanese constitution granting representative government
Emperor in person at Tokyo, 1889. China's New Currency Laws published, 1914.
proclaimed by the
Outbreak of convicts in Singapore Gaol, 1875. Surrender of Liukungtao Island forts and remainder of the Chinese fleet to the Japanese, 1895. Manchu Rulers of China announce their abdication, 1912. Sir Robert Ho Tung gives $50,000 to Hongkong University, 1915
S. VALENTINE'S DAY. Tung Wa Hospital, Hongkong, opened by Sir R. G. MacDonnell,
1872.
Ports of Hongkong and Tinghai declared free, 1841. The Chinese frigate "Yu-yuen" and corvette "Chin-cheng" sunk by the French in Sheipoo harbour, 1885. Mutiny of Indian tro ps at Singapore, involving the loss of a number of lives, 1915, Insurgents evacuated Shanghai, 1855. Stewart scholarship at Central School, Hongkong,
founded, 1884. Alice Memorial Hospital, Hongkong, opened, 1887.
66
The U. S. paddle man-of-war Ashuelot wrecked on the East Lammock Rock, near
Swatow, 1883.
Lord Amherst's Embassy, returning from China, shipwrecked in the Java Sea, 1817. China's Provincial Assemblies suppressed, 1914.
Mr. A. R. Margary, of H.B.M.'s Consular Service, was murdered at Manwyne, Yunnan, by Chinese, 1875. Statue of Li Hung Chang unveiled at Shanghai, 1906, Consort of the Emperor Kwangsu died, 1913. Hongkong A.D.C. Centenary Production, 1914. Massacre of missionaries at Nanchang, 1906.
Hostilities between England and China recommenced, 1841. Steamer "Queen" captured
and burnt by pirates, 1857. First stone of the Hongkong City Hall laid, 1867, Chusan evacuated by the British troops, 1841. Explosion of boiler of the str. "Yotsai" between Hongkong and Macao; six Europeans and thirteen Chinese killed and vessel destroyed, 1884. Preliminary agreement signed by the Govt. of China for the loan of £4,000,000 from the Banque Industrielle de Chine to build a railway from Yunnan to Yamchow (Kwangtung), 1914.
•
Captain Da Costa and Lieut. Dwyer murdered at Wong-ma-kok, in Hongkong, 1849.
Chinese Imperial Edict issued dismissing the Dalai Llama of Tibet, 1910. Bogue Forts, Canton, destroyed by Sir Gordon Bremer, 1841.
Treaty of peace between Japan and Corea signed at Kokwa, 1876. Evacuation of
Port Hamilton by the British forces, 1887.
Capture of the Sulu capital by the Spaniards, 1876.
lxvi
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
MARCH-31 DAYS
SUNRISE
SUNSET
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
1st
..6h. 46m.
6h. 27m.
1914
1915
15th
.6h. 33m.
6h. 32m.
Maximum
69.2.
Minimum
.....63.5
61.0
Mean
MOON'S PHASES
..67.2
64.9
d. h. m.
BAROMETER, 1915
New Moon
4 11
18
A.M.
Mean
..30.11
First Quarter
12
2
33
A.M.
Full Moon
20
1
27
A.M.
Last Quarter
27
Ӧ 22
A.M.
1914 1.190 inches
RAINFALL
1915
2.640 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF 1 and 2
WEEK
MONTH
MOONS
Wed.
1
28
Thur.
Frid.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
8
Thur.
9
Frid.
10
28-234
23 40 101 00
29
30
-I a
Chronology of Remarkable Events
S. DAVID'S Day. Bombardment of the Chinhai forts by French men-of-war, 1885.
Twenty-six opium divans closed in Hongkong, 1909. Mr. Herrmann, manager of Siemens Schuckert at Yokohama, arrested in connection with Japanese Naval scandal,- 1914.
First Dutch Embassy left China, 1657.
Foreign Ministers received in audience by the Emperor at the Tsz Kuang Po, 1891.
Expulsion of Chinese Custom House from Macao by Governor Amaral, 1849. Hostilities at Canton recommenced. Fort Napier taken by the English, 1841 SHROVE TUESDAY, Departure of Governor, Sir J. P. Hennessy, from Hongkong, 1882.
Kongmoon opened to foreign trade.
Asu WEDNESDAY. Arrival in Hongkong of Prince Henry of Prussia, 1898. Russo- Chinese Manchurian Convention signed, 1902. Tiger killed on the New Territory, after a European and an Indian constable had lost their lives in the chase, 1915. Attack on Messrs. Farnham and Rohl at Shanghai, 1872.
Lin arrived in Canton, 1839. 12,000 Chinese troops attacked the English in Ningpo and Chinhai and were repulsed with great slaughter, 1842. The Japanese army after a sanguinary battle lasting several days occupied Moukden, and pursued the retreating Russians, whose losses in the battle were estimated at 20,000, 1905. Yuan Shih Kai inaugurated as President of the Chinese Republic, 1912.
Governor Sir R. G. MacDonnell arrived in Hongkong, 1866. Hongkong University opened
by Sir F. W. Lugard, 1912.
Imperial Commissioner Ki-chen, degraded by the Emperor, left Canton as
a prisoner, 1841. Capture of Bac-Ninh, by the French, 1884.
Sat, 11
8
Sun.
12
9
1ST IN LENT.
Mon. 13
10
Tues.
14
11
Wed.
15
• OF 2 3
12
8,000 Chinese troops routed by the English at Tze-hi with great slaughter, 1842. New Law Courts at Yokohama opened, 1890. Hongkong and Shanghai Bank at Peking burnt down, 1900.
Governor Sir H. Robinson left Hongkong for Ceylon, 1865. Jubilee of Hongkong Chamber
of Commerce, 1912.
Chinese Envoy Ping and suite left Shanghai for Europe, 1866. Japanese Diet resolved to nationalise the railway. China released the Japanese str. "Tatsu Maru" at Canton, 1908. Sir F. D. Lugard laid foundation stone of Hongkong University, 1910. S. PATRICK'S DAY. Lord Macartney's Embassy left China, 1794.
Formosa, 1906.
Severe earthquake in
Thur. 16
Frid. 17
Sat. 18
13
Sun. 19 Mon. 20
Tues. Wed.
Thur.
Frid.
Sat. 25
Sun.
26
LA PER A 2 2 2 *** &N
22222 * * * *** 2.
23
Mon. 27 Tues. 28
24
25
Wed.
29
26
Thur.
30
27
Frid.
31
28
14
15
Edict of Commissioner Lin to surrender all opium in Canton, 1839.
open to foreign trade, 1891,
Chungking declared
16
2ND IN LENT. Governor Sir G. Bonham landed at Hongkong, 1848.
าร
21
18
19
20
21
22
Mr. F. A. Aglen
British ship "Sarah," first free-trader, sailed from Whampoa, 1834.
appointed Deputy Inspector of Chinese Maritime Customs, 1910. Death, at Peking, of Sir Harry Parkes, H.B.M. Minister to China, 1885. Sir Robert Hart
left Peking for Home, 1908.
Captain Elliot forced his way to Canton, 1839. Aguinaldo captured by the Americans
in the Philippines, 1901
First Section of Manila-Dagupan railway opened, 1891, Attempted assassination of Li
Hung-chang at Shimonoseki, 1825
Captain Elliot demands passports for himself and all the British subjects imprisoned in
Canton, 1839. General Election in Japan, 1915.
3RD IN LENT. Great flood at Foochow, 1874. Newchwang placed under Russian martial law. Protocol of Convention between China and Portugal signed at Lisbon, 1887.
20,289 chests of opium burned by Lin at Canton, 1839. Foundation Stone of New
Customs House at Canton laid, 1914.
Seizure and occupation of the Pescadores by the French fleet, 1885.
Arrival of Governor Sir George Bowen, G. C.M.G., 1883. Chinese Regiment at Weihaiwer disbanded 1904. Cantonese resolved on a boycott of Japanese products which lasted throughout the year, 1908
Abolition of the coolie trade at Macao, 1874. Arrival of the Duke and Duchess of Con--
naught in Hongkong, 1890. All gambling saloons in Canton closed, 1912.
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
lxvii
APRIL-30 DAYS
SUNRISE
SUNSET
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
1st 15th
....6h. 17m.
6h. 28m.
1914
1915
.6h. 04m. 6h. 43m.
MOON'S PHASES
Maximum
.76.3
78.7
Minimum
.68.0
71.3
Mean
.71.5 74.6
d.
h.
m.
BAROMETER, 1915
New Moon
3 0
21
A.M.
Mean
29.96
First Quarter
10
10
36
P.M.
Full Moon
18
1
7
P.M.
1914
RAINFALL
1915
Last Quarter
25
6 38
A.M.
4.465 inches
1.795 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF 2 and 3
WEEK
Sat.
MONTH
**
MOONS
29
•
Sun.
2
30
Mon.
3
1
Tues.
Wed.
5
3
Thur. 6
4
Frid.
7
5
Sat.
6
Sun.
7
Mon.
10
8
Tues. 11 Wed. 12
9
10
Thur. 13
11
Frid.
14
12
Sat. 15
13
Sun. 16
14
Mon. 17
15
Tues. 18
16
Wed. 19
17
18
19
20.
21
22
Thur.
20
Frid. 21
Sat.
123
*4
312
225
2222 **
Sun. 23
Mon. 24
Tues.
25
Wed. 26 Thur. 27
Frid.
23
24
* *** G
* &* 28
CHRONOLOGY OF REMARKABLE Events
The port of Hoihow, Hainan, opened, 1876. The ports of Pakhoi, Wenchow, Wuhu and Ichang opened, 1877. B.N. Borneo adopted the Straits Settlements currency, 1905. Dowager Empress of Japan died, 1914.
4TH IN LENT. French flag hoisted at Kwang-chau-wan, 1898.
opened at Hongkong, 1900.
Tai On pirated between Hongkong and Kongmoon, 1913.
Belilios Reformatory
Protocol arranging the preliminaries of peace between France and China signed at Paris,
1885. The Tsarevitch and Prince George of Greece arrived in Hongkong, 1891.
Bogue Forts destroyed by General D'Aguilar, 1847. Wheelbarrow Riot at Shanghai, 1897.
Attempt to destroy with dynamite the Prince Regent's Palace at Peking, 1910. Convention between Sir John Francis Davis and the Viceroy Ki-ying for the admission
of Europeans into the city of Canton within two months, 1842.
Hongkong Mint opened, 1866. Indignation Meeting at Shanghai respecting Wheelbarrow
Riot, 1897. Great powder explosion at Canton, 1903.
Arrival of M. Paul Bert at Hanoi, 1886. Chinese Parliament inaugurated 1913.
5TH IN LENT. Terrific tornado in Canton; 2,000 houses destroyed and 10,000 lives lost,
1878. Tartar General at Canton assassinated, 1911.
37,000 Christians butchered in Japan, 1738. Death at Peking of Marquis Tseng, 1890.
Count Okuma chosen Premier of Japan, 1914.
Presentation of colours to Hongkong Regiment, 1895. Russian flagship Petropavlovsk sunk by a mine off Port Arthur, nearly every man drowned, including Adiniral Makaroff, 1904.
Soldiers' Club opened at Hongkong, 1900. Imperial Palace, Seoul, destroyed by fire,
1904. Aliens given the right to own land in Japan, 1910.
S. Francis Xavier left Goa for China, 1552. Riots at Changsha, 1910.
British Flag hoisted at Taipohu, Kowloon New Territory, 1899. Governor Sir Arthur Kennedy arrived in Hongkong, 1872. Junk Bay Flour Mills, Hongkong, suspended operations, 1908.
PALM SUNDAY.
Telegraph to Shanghai opened, 1871. Execution at Kowloon city of nineteen pirates (including "Namoa" pirates), 1891. Treaty of Peace between China and Japan signed at Shimonoseki, 1895.
Convention between China and Japan settling Corean differences signed at Tientsin, 1885. The O. & O. steamer "San Pablo" wrecked near Turnabout, 1888. One-fourth of the opium divans at Shanghai closed, 1908. Town of Wagima, Japan, destroyed by fire, 10,
The "Sir Charles Forbes," the first steamer in China waters, arrived, 1830. The
Tsarevitch arrived at Hankow, 1891.
GOOD FRIDAY. Resignation of Shanghai Municipal Council, 1897.
East India Company ceased trade with China, 1834. Arrival of Governor J. Pope Hennessy in Hongkong, 1877. Opening of new commercial port of Heungchow near Macan, 1909. Bank of China autho ised to issue $3,000,000 in subsidiary notes, 1915. EASTER SUNDAY. S. GEORGE'S DAY. P. M. steamer Asia wrecked near Foochow, 1911. Chinese Imperial Edict issued disranking Roman Catholic missionaries, 1908. Cap- ture of the citadel at Hanoi, Tonkin, by the French forces, 1882. First sod of the Shanghai-Nanking Railway cut at Shanghai, 1905.
FESTIVAL OF S. MARK. Foundation stone of Queen's College, Hongkong, laid, 1884.
Contract for Quintuple Loan of £25,000,000 signed at Peking, 1913.
25 Appointed by Chinese Government a Day of Prayer for Christian Churches, 1913.
Ratifications of Corean Treaty with England exchanged, 1884. Privy Council for Japan constituted by Imperial decree, 1888. Sir F. D. Lugard laid foundation stone of Hongkong Seamen's Institute, 1909. Daring Piracy on the s.s. "Tai On" off Kai Au, 1914. Battle of the Yalu (Russo-Japan War): Russians defeated with great slaughter, 1901, Arrival of General Grant in Hongkong, 1879.
28
26
Sat.
29
27
Sun. 30
28
lxviii
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
* MAY-31 DAYS
SUNRISE
SUNSET
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
1st 15th
..5h. 52m.
6h. 49m.
1914
1915
..5h. 44m.
6h. 55m.
Maximum
.82.8
79.9
MOON'S PHASES
Minimum
.75.3 72.0
d.
h.
m.
Mean
.78.5 75.5
New Moon
2
1
29
P.M.
BAROMETER, 1915
First Quarter
10
4
47
P.M.
Mean
29.84
Full Moon
17
10 11
P.M.
1914
RAINFALL
1915
Last Quarter 24
1
16
P.M.
12.620 inches
12.760 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF 3 & 4 WEEK MONTII MOONS
Mon.
1
29
Tues.
1
Wed. Thur.
34
WN
2
Frid.
Sat. Sun.
-
10 30 1- 00
66780 o
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
10
10
CHRONOLOGY OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
First number of "Hongkong Gazette published, 1841. Telegraphic communication established between Hongkong and the Philippines, 1880. Spanish fleet destroyed by U.S. fleet at Cavite, 1898. Emperor Kwang Hsu buried, 1909.
Ratification at Tientsin of the Treaty between Portugal and China, 1888. United States-
formally recognised Republic of China, 1913, Presentation of Chinese Note in reply to Japan's revised demands, 1915.
Suspension of Oriental Bank, 1884.
Riot in French Concession at Shanghai, 1874. Roman Catholic Cathedral at Peking
inaugurated, 1884. Aomori devastated by fire, 1910.
British troops evacuated Ningpo, 1842. Imperial Government ordered steps to be taken
at Hongkong to close opium divans, 1908.
King Edward VII. died, 1910. Attack on Mr. Wood at the British Legation at Tokyo, 1874. Departure of Governor Sir William Des Voeux from Hongkong, 1891. Japan presents
ultimatum to China, 1915
New Town Hall at Tientsin opened, 1890. Waglan Lighthouse opened, 1893. Chinese
Govern ent submits to Japan's revised demands, 1915.
Hongkong declared infected with plague, 1894. Colonel Gordon with the Imperial troops captured Chang-chow, the rebel city, 1864. Occupation of Port Hamilton by the British Squadron, 1885. Meeting of Chinese merchants at Shanghai instituted a boycott of American products as a protest against the Chinese Immigration Act, the movement eventually spreading extensively in China, 1905.
Attempted assassination of the Tsarevitch by a Japanese at Otsu, Japan, 1891. Execution
of fifteen pirates (including leader of "Namoa" pirates) at Kowloon, 1891. Portuguese- cruiser Adamastor struck rock near Hongkong, 1913.
East India Co.'s garden at Canton destroyed by the Mandarins, 1831. Swedish str. Nippon
wrecked on Scarborough Reef, 1913.
A corporal of the British Legation murdered by Chinese soldiers at Peking, 1864. Anti-- foreign riot at Wuhu, 1891. Bill for amending the Trading with the Enemy Ordinance,, 1914, read a third time aud passed by the Hongkong Legislative Council, 1915. Arrival of Sir John Walsham, Bart., in Hongkong, on his way to Peking to assume-
the functions of British Minister, 1886.
Ratification at Peking of the amended Treaty between Russia and China, 1881,
Anti-foreign riot in the llochow district, 1891.
Loss off Amoy of the French war steamer "Izere," 1860. Arrival of General Grant
in Shanghai, 1879. Kowloon walled city occupied, 1899.
The city of Chapu taken by the British troops, 1842. Anti-foreign riot at Nanking, 1891. Disastrous surprise of a French sortie in Tonkin led by Commandant Riviere and death
of the latter, 1883. "Hongkong Daily Press" enlarged, 1900.
Thur.
Frid.
12
11
Sat. 13
12
Sun. 14
13
Mon. 15
14
Tues. 16
15
Wed. 17
16
Thur. 18
17
Frid. 19
18
Sat.
20
19
Sun. 21
20
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
*** * *N
22
21
23
22
24
23
25
24
26
25
Death of Grand Secretary Wen-siang, 1876.
27
26
22**
Sun.
28
27
Mon. 29
Tues.
Wed. 31
25
28
30
29
30
Forts at mouth of Peiho captured by British and French forces, 1858. The Canton Mint
commenced striking silver coins, 1890.
ROGATION SUNDAY. Loss of M. M. str. "Menzaleh" while on her passage from Hongkong to Yokohama, 1887. Imperial Edict respecting anti-Christian literature, 1892. Ministers' Joint Note to Chinese Government on the Boxer agitation, 1900.
Foreign factories at Canton pillaged, 1841.
U.S. Legation at Tokyo burned down, 1863.
EMPIRE DAY.
Captain Elliot and all the British subjects left Canton for Macao, 1839. British flag hoisted at Weihaiwei, 1898.
The city of Canton invested by British troops, 1841. Anti-foreign riot at Nanking, 1891, Formosa Republic declared, 1895. Sino-Japanese Treaty signed at Peking, 1915. British Chamber of Commerce inaugurated at Shanghai, 1915.
Battle
Canton ransomed for $6,000,000, 1841. Boxers burn station on Lu-Han line, 1900.
of Kinchau (Russo-Japan War); Japanese stormed Nanshan and captured 78 guns, 1904. Battle of the Japan Sea; Admiral Togo practically annihilates Admiral Roshdes-- vensky's fleet, 1905. A Bill to provide for the levy of Estate Duty passed by the Hongkong Legistative Council after considerable opposition from the Unofficial members,
1915.
Queen's Statue, Hongkong, unveiled, 1896. Anti-foreign riots in Szechuen, 1895, H. M. -
Queen Mother of Siam visited Hongkong, 1911.
66
Empress of Ireland" sunk and 600 lives lost, including several prominent Far Eastern residents, in the St. Lawrence River, 1914.
H.B.M. screw sloop "Reynard" lost on the Pratas shoal in trying to rescue remainder* of crew of "Velocipede," 1851. Opening of the Peak Tramway, Hongkong, 1888.- Chinese Postal Service transferred to Board of Communications, 1911.
Typhoon at Hongkong and Macao; loss of the "Poyang," with 100 lives near Macao, 1874,
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
JUNE-30 DAYS
lxix
SUNRISE
SUNSET
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
1st 15th
5h. 39m. .5h. 29m.
7h. 03m.
1914
1915
7h. 08m.
Maximum
...86.6
86.2
Minimum
..78.9
78.4
MOON'S PHASES
Mean
.82.0 81.6
d. h.
New Moon
1
First Quarter
9
Full Moon
16
5
Last Quarter
22
New Moon
30
43769co
m.
37
A.M.
BAROMETER, 1915
59
A.M.
Mean
29.82
42
A.M.
16
P.M.
43
P.M.
1914 12.225 inches
.
RAINFALL
1915
11.960 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF 4 and 5
4 A
MOONS
-
45
Co
WEEK MONTH
Thur.
1
Fri.
2
Sat.
3
Sun. Mon.
5
Tues.
6
Wed.
7
Thur. 8
Frid.
Sat. 10
10
Sun.
11
11
Mon. 12
12
Tues. 13
13
Wed. 14
14
Thur. 15
15
922 72*
N
2 22 22*
Frid. 16 Sat. 17
16
17
Sun.
18
18
Mon. 19
19
Tues.
20
20
Wed. 21
21
Thur. 22
Frid.
23
23
Sat.
24
24
Sun.
25
25
Mon.
26
26
Tues.
27
27
Wed.
28
28
Thur. 29
29
Frid. 30
1
** &N 28
CHRONOLOGY of Remarkable Events
ASCENSION DAY. Attempt to blow up the Hongkong Hotel, 1878. New Opium Agree- ment between Hongkong and China came into force, 1887. Anti-foreign riot at Tanyang, 1891. Canton-Samshui Railway completed.
Hongkong connected with London by wire, 1871. Formal transfer of Formosa from
China to Japan, 1895. Revs. Norman and Robinson murdered, 1900. Earthquake at Manila, killing more than 2,00 persons, 1863. Death of Sir Arthur
Kennedy, 1883. Keelung taken possession of by Japanese, 1895.
Treaty between France and Corea signed at Seoul, 1886. West River opened, 1897. Departure of the first O. & O. steamer from Hongkong to San Francisco, 1875. Messrs.
Argent and Green murdered in an anti-foreign riot at Wusueh, 1891. Communica- tion with Peking cut off, 1900. French str. k. Lebaudy pirated on West River, 1913. Heavy rains in Hongkong, property to the value of $500,000 destroyed, and many lives lost,
1864.
Attempted anti-foreign riot at Kiukiang, 1891. Hongkong-Canton steamer "Powan
wrecked, 1908. Tornado in Macao, 1913.
Destruction of Mission premises at Wusieh by anti-foreign mob, 1891.
Suspension of New Oriental Bank, 1892. The P. & O. steamer "Aden" wrecked off
Socotra, 78 lives lost, 1897.
Typhoon at Formosa; loss of several vessels, 1876. Admiral Seymour starts for
Peking, 1900.
WHIT SUNDAY. Portuguese prohibited trading at Canton, 1640. Opening of the first railway in Japan, 1872.
British steamer "Carisbrooke" fired into and captured by Chinese Customs cruiser, 1875. Imperial Edict condemning attacks on foreigners, 1891. Baron von Ketteler, German Ministér, murdered in Peking, 1:00.
Russo-Chinese Treaty, 1728. Battle of Telissu (Russo-Japan War). Russians defeated
with a loss of 7,000 men and 16 guns, 1904.
Tidal Wave, Japan, 28,000 lives lost, 1896. British barqué "Cæsar" and Danish schooner "Carl" taken by pirates off Pedro Blanco, 1866. Hope Dock opened at Aberdeen 1867. Russian squadron sai k Japanese transport "Hitachi," badly injured "Sado," 1904. Hongkong Legislature passed Ordinances prohibiting circulation of foreign bank notes and foreign silver coins, 1914.
Woosung taken, 1842.
First foreign-owned junk leaves Chungking, 1891. Capture of Taku Forts by Allies, 1900.
Death of Sir Hormusjee Mody, 1911.
TRINITY SUNDAY. Explosion of the "Union Star" at Shanghai, 17 persons killed and
10 wounded, 1862. Disastrous inundation at Foochow, 2,000 lives lost, 1877. Shanghai occupied by British forces, 1842.
Macartney's embassy arrived in China, 1793. Attack on mission premises at Hainan
city, 1891. Unprecedented floods in the West River, 1908.
Massacre at Tientsin, 1870.
Canton blockaded by English forces, 1840. Queen Victoria's DiamondJubilee celebration,1897.
Inauguration of Tsan Ching Yuan (Chinese Administration Council), 1914. Ki-ying visits Hongkong, 1843. Shock of earthquake in Hongkong, 1874.
French troops surprised by Chinese near Langson, 1884. Russian Baltic Fleet, after remaining six weeks in Tonkin waters, sailed from Kamranh Bay northward, 1905. Lord Robert Cecil announced in the House of Comnions that the Government had decid-
ed to prohibit trading with the enemy in China, 1915
Foundation stone of
Assassination of M. Carnot, President of the French Republic, 1894. Treaty of Nanking
exchanged, 1843. Attack on British Legation at Tokyo, 1862.
new wing of Berlin Foundling House laid by Lady May, 1914. Treaty between England and China signed at Tientsin, 1858.
between France and China signed at Peking, 1887.
Additional Convention
15
Treaty between France and China signed, 1858. Confiscation of the str. "Prince Albert
by the British Consul and Customs at Canton, 1866. Agreement effected between Great Britain and the United States for reciprocal protection
of British and American Trade Marks in China, 1905.
The Foreign Ministers admitted to an audience of the Emperor of China at Peking, 1873.
Indian Mints closed to silver, 1893.
British expedition to China arrived, 1840. Opening of a section of the Shanghai and
Woosung Railway, 1876. Flooding of the Takasima coal mines, 1891.
D
lxx
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
JULY-31 DAYS
CHRONOLOGY OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
Hakodate, Kanagawa, and Nagasaki (Japan) opened to trade, 1857. Two Swedish mis- sionaries murdered at Sungpu, 1893. Attempted assassination of Sir Henry May on his return to Hongkong as Governor, 1912.
Amoy forts and many junks destroyed by H.M.S. "Blode," 1840. French Expedition from the Hoongkiang arrived in Hongkong, 1873. Hongkong Legislative Cuncil approved a development scheme for the south side of the island of Hongkong, 1914. Steamer "Don Juan" burnt at sea near Philippines; 145 persons perished, 1893.
Hongkong low level electric tram service opened, 1904,
Declaration American Independence, 1776. Telegraph cable laid between Hongkong
and Macao, 1884. U. S. Pacific Cable opened to Manila.
SUNRISE
SUNSET
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
1st 15th
.5h. 43m.
7h. 1.
1914
1915
.5h. 43m.
7h. 10m.
Maximum
.86.9
88.1
MOON'S PHASES
Minimum
.78.1
79.3
d. h.
Mean
.$1.9
83.2
m.
First Quarter
8
7
55
P.M.
BAROMETER, 1915
Full Moon
15
0
40
P.M.
Mean
29.75
Last Quarter
22
7
33
A.M.
1914
RAINFALL
1915
New Moon
30
10
15
A.M.
26.305 inches
15.410 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF
6 & 7
WEEK
MONTH
MOONS
Sat.
1
Sun.
Mon.
3
Tues.
4
5
Wed.
5
6
Thur.
Frid.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
10
67890
10
11
Tues.
11
Wed.
12
H&
13
Thur. 13
14
Frid. 14
Sat. 15
15
16
Sun.
16
17.
Mon.
17
7 8
18
12
19
20
21
A 22 ***&
2 22 2** A
Tues.
Wed.
18
19
Thur. 20 Frid. 21
Sat.
Sun.
Mon. 24 Tues.
Wed. 26
22
23
23
24
25
25
26
28
27
Thur. 27
Fri.
28
222
29
Sat. 29 30
Sun. Mon.
30
31
12
Tinghai first taken, 1840. Attack on British Embassy at Tokyo, 1886. Duke of Connaught's Statue unveiled in Hongkong, 1902. Hongkong Legislative Council voted $50,000 for the relief of distress in the West River districts, 1914.
Order of nobility instituted in Japan, 1884.
Serious flooding of the West River involving great loss of life and damage to property, 1915. Canton factories attacked by Chinese, 1846. Japanese occupy Sakhalin, 1905. First Dutch embassy arrived at Tientsin, 1656.
Portuguese fleet left Malacca for China, 1522. The Yangtsze blockaded by British fleet, 1840. First Bazaar by Chinese held at Hongkong in aid of relief of distress caused by West River floods, 1908. Rebellion against Yuan Shih Kai broke out in the Yangtsze provinces, 1913.
Engagement between the U. S. Naval Forces and the Coreans; the Expedition leaves to
await instructions, 1871. Amherst's embassy arrived in China, 1816.
Foreign Inspectorate of Customs established in Shanghai, 1854. Suspension of Hongkong Police Officers for accepting bribes, 1897. Macau troops commenced operations to exterminate pirates at Colowan Island, 1910.
First English ship reached China, 1635. French gunboats fired on by Siamese at Paknam, 1803. Pirates attacked S. S. "Sainam" on West River, killing Rev. Dr. MacDonald and injuring several of the crew, 1906.
Statue of Paul Beau unveiled at Hanoi, 1890. Tientsin native city captured by Allies,
1900. Chinese Imperial Edict declared bow and arrow obsolete arms, 1905. Shimonoseki forts bombarded by the English, French, and American squadrons, 1874. Eruption of Bandai-san volcano, Japan, 500 persons killed, 1888. Radio-telegraphic station at Cape D'Aguilar opened, 1915.
British trade with China re-opened, 1842, The King of Cambodia arrived on a visit to
Hongkong, 1872.
Ningpo Joss-house Riots, Shanghai, 15 killed and many wounded. Agreement between
Russia and China on Amur River, 1900.
Terrible earthquake at Manila, 1880. Additional Article to Chefoo Convention signed in London, 1885. Li Hung-chang passed through Hongkong on his way North, 1000. Chan Kwing Ming declared independence of Kwangtung, 1913
Nanking captured by the Imperialists, 1864. Indo-China S.S. "Hopsang" sunk by
Russians, Pechili Gulf, 1904.
Wreck of the C.M.S. N. Co.'s str. "Pautah" on Shantung Promontory, 1897.
Yellow River burst its banks at Chang-kiu, Shangtung, great inundation, 1889. Typhoon in Hongkong, 1902. Death of Sir Kai Ho Kai of the Hongkong Executive Council, 1914.
· Coronation of King George V., 1911.
Armed attack on Japanese Legation at Seoul, Corea, and eight inmates killed, 1882. British trade prohibited at Canton, 1834. Anglo-Chinese Burmah Convention signed
at Peking, 1886.
"Kowshing," British steamer, carrying Chinese troops, sunk by Japanese, with loss of about 1,000 lives, 1894. Defeat of British forces at Taku, Admiral Hope wounded, 1850. First visit of Prince Chun, the Emperor's brother, to Hongkong, 1901. Japanese occupy Newchwang, 1904.
Great flood at Chefoo kills 1,000, 1903. Royal Proclamation forbidding British subjects to
trade with the enemy in China and Siam came into force 1915. Canton opened to British trade, 1843. Terrific typhoon at Canton, Macao, Hongkong, and Whampoa; loss of life estimated at 40,000 persons, 1862. Disastrous typhoon at Hongkong, 1908. Empress of China" wrecked, 1911.
Nanking re-taken by Imperialists, 1864. Sir Matthew Nathan arrived Hongkong, 1904. Baron de Macar sentenced at Shanghai to a year's imprisonment for false pretences aud abuse of confidence in connection with the flotation of "The British and Begian ...Industrial Bank of China", 1914. Severe typhoon visits Shanghai, 1915.
German gunboat "Iltis" wrecked off Shantung Promontory, all but eleven of the crev per- ished, 1893. Outbreak of rebellion at Manila,1896. Emperor Mutsuhito of Japan died, 191z. Severe typhoon at Macao, 1836.
Hongkong low level electric tram service started.
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
1xxi
AUGUST-31 DAYS
SUNRISE
SUNSET
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
1st
.5h. 55m.
7h. 04m.
1914
1915
15th
..6h. 00m.
6h. 55m.
Maximum
87.9
88.5
Minimum
.78.2
79.7
Mean
.82.3
83.5
MOON'S PHASES
d. h.
m
BAROMETER, 1915
First Quarter
7
5
6
A.M.
Mean
.29.70
Full Moon
13
8
0
P.M.
Last Quarter
New Moon
DAYS OF DAYS OF 7 and 8
22
20
53
P.M.
1914
RAINFALL
29
1
25
A.M.
4.205 inches
1915 10.520 inches
CHRONOLOGY OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
WEEK
MONTH
Tues.
1
MOONS
Kucheng massacre, 1895.
Germany declared
Wed.
Thur. Frid.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
Tues
Wed.
Thur. 10
Frid.
11
2 3 4
480 18DEER I 2
667809 22
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
Sat.
Sun.
12
13
Mon. 14
GE
14
15
16
RE
Tues.
15
17
Wed. 16
18
Thur. 17
19
Frid. 18
20
Sat. 19
Sun. 20
Mon. Tues.
21
Wed.
23
2222 2
21
22
23
24
25
བམ་ག་ད
Both China and Japan declare war, 1894.
war against Russia, 1914.
Victims of massacre at Tientsin buried, 1870. British fleet arrived before Nanking, 1842. First Chinese Bazaar held at Canton, 1908. Macartney's Embassy entered Peiho, 1796. Bombardment of Keelung by French, 1884. Allied march on Peking started, 1900. Li Hung Chang visited Queen Victoria, 1896. War declared by Great Britain against Germany, 1914.
Serious flood at Tientsin, 1871. Hongkong Volunteers mobilised, 1914.
BANK HOLIDAY. British Squadron arrived off the Peiho, 1840. Assassination of Mr. Haber, German Consul, at Hakodate, 1874.
British troops landed at Nanking, 1842.
Sir H. Pottinger arrived at Hongkong, 1841. Destructive typhoon at Foochow, 1888. First public meeting of British merchants in Canton, called by Lord Napier, who
suggested the establishment of a Chamber of Commerce, 1834.
174 British prisoners executed in Formosa, 1842. Manila occupied by U.S. Troops,
1898. Attempted assassination of Admiral Li Chun at Canton, 1911.
Tong-ur-ku taken, 1860. Japanese squadron sinks Russian cruiser Rurik near Tsushima, 1904. Fighting and looting at Canton following flight of rebel leaders, 1913. Compul- sory Military Service Bill passed its third reading in the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements, 1915.
British steamer "Glenfarg" sunk after striking a submerged rock near Goto Islands, 1914. Great fire on French Concession, Shanghai, 991 houses destroyed, loss Tls. 1,500,000, 1879. Total loss of the E. & A. steamer "Gatterthun" near Sydney, 1895. Peking Legations rescued, 1900. Murder of Messrs. Bruce and Lewis at Chengchow, Hunan, 1902. Prince and Princess Arisugawa entertained at Hongkong, 1904.
British trade of Canton stopped by Hong merchants, 1834. French Treaty with Siam
signed, 1856.
"Empress of India" sinks Chinese cruiser "Wong Tai" in collision near Swatow, 1903.
Destructive typhoon at Macao, 1913.
Lord Napier ordered by the Viceroy to leave Canton, 1834. Great fire in Hongkong, 1868. Indian troops landed in Shanghai, 1900. Large gang of pirates attacked Cheungchow, killing three Indian constables, and looting the village, 1912. American Chamber of Commerce established at Shanghai, 1915.
First conference between Sir Henry Pottinger and Ki-ying on board the "Cornwallis,"
at Nanking, 1842. Taku forts taken by the Allied forces, 1860. Palace Revolution at Peking, Empress Dowager again assumes the Regency, 1898.
Korea
Governer Amaral (Macao) assassinated, 1849. Seizure of steamer "Spark" by pirates
between Canton and Macao, 1874. Telegraph line to Peking opened, 1884. annexed by Japanese, 1910. H.M.S. Bedford wrecked at Quelpart, 1910. Large meeting in Hongkong to protest against the military contribution, 1864. Chinese fleet at Pagoda Anchorage destroyed by French, 1884. Japan declared war on Germany, who had ignored her request to evacuate Kiaochow with a view to its "eventual restoration" to China, 1914.
ST. BARTHOLOMEW. Wreck of the C. N. Co.'s str. "Tientsin" near Swatow, 1887. Dis-
turbances at Amoy, Japanese landed marines, 1900.
British Chamber of Commerce established at Canton, 1834. Treaty between Great Britain
and Japan signed, 1858.
Thur.
Frid.
Sat.
Sun. 27 Mon.
Tues.
Wed. 30
Thur.
31
* * &N 287
24
26
25
27
26
28
British left Macao, 1839. British steamer "Dunearn" foundered in a typhoon off Goto
Islands, 1908.
29
Amoy taken by the English, 296 guns captured, 1841.
28
29
30 Lord Amherst's Embassy left for Yuen-ming-yuen, 1816. Slavery abolished in British
possessions, 1833. Kimpai forts silenced by French, 1884.
101 3
Treaty of Nanking signed, 1842.
Wreck of "Futami Maru" off Cape Calavite, 1900.
Severe typhoon on coast of China, many lives lost, and much damage done to shipping at
Hongkong, Macao and Whampoa, 1848.
lxxii
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
SEPTEMBER-30 DAYS
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
SUNRISE
SUNSET
1st
15th
..6h. 06m. ...6h. 10m.
6h. 40m.
1914
1915
6h. 27m.
Maximum
.85.4 85.4
Minimum
..76.2 76.9
Mean
...80.4 80.9
MOON'S PHASES
d. h.
m.
BAROMETER, 1915
First Quarter
5
0
26
P.M.
Mean
..29.86
Full Moon
12
31
A.M.
Last Quarter
19
1
35
P.M.
1914
RAINFALL
1915
New Moon
27
3
34
P.M.
19.980 inches
5.715 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF 8 and 9
WEEK
MONTH
MOONS
Frid.
1
4
Sat.
N
5
Sun.
Mon.
Tues. Wed.
345 O
789
6
-J OD
Thur.
Frid.
10
11
Sat.
12
Sun.
10
13
Mon. 11
14
Tues. 12
15
Wed. 13
16
Thur. 14
17
Frid. 15
18
16
19
17
18
21
19
Wed. 20
23
21
24
22
25
26
Sat. Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Thur.
Fri.
Sat.
1022 22 *** 2
LUKE B 27 2 *
23
Sun. 24
Mon. 25
27
28
Tues.
26
29
* *N* 2
Wed. 27 Thur 28
Frid.
Sat.
29
30
4
CHRONOLOGY OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
Foundation stone of Gap Rock lighthouse, near Hongkong, laid, 1890. Chinese Imperial
Decree published announcing a decision to grant Constitutional Government.
Exten- sive floods in Shantung, 1914.
Arrival of the "Vega" at Yokohama after having discovered the North-East Passage, 1879. Kiaochau declared a free port, 1898. Japanese occupied Lioa-yang, capturing vast stores of ammunition and provisions, 1904.
Hongkong Plague proclamation revoked, 1894. Disastrous floods at Shanghai, 1904. Attack on the forts at Shimonoseki, Japan, by the allied fleets under Admiral Kuper, 1964.
Anglo-Chinese Commercial Treaty signed, 1902.
Chinese Court left Hsianfu President of the U.S.A.,
H.R.H. Prince Alfred received by the Mikado of Japan, 1860.
on the way to Peking, 1901. Assassination of Mr. McKinley, 1901. Sir James Mackay's Treaty with China signed, 1902. Attack on Dr. Greig, near Kirin, by soldiers, 1891. Great typhoon in Hongkong, 1867. H.I.H. Prince Tsai Hsun visits Hongkong, 1909. Sir Hercules Robinson assumed the government of Hongkong, 1859. Floods near Swatow rendering a million people destitute, 1911. Riots in Szechuan to protest against the use of foreign capital for railway construction, 1911.
Riot by Chinese mob at Canton; great destruction of houses and property in Shameen, 1883. British gunboat "Wasp" left Singapore for Hongkong and seen no more, 1887. Death of Sir Cland MacDonald, former Minister at Peking and Tokio, 1915. Public meeting of foreign residents at Yokohama to protest against proposed new Treaty with Japan, 1890. Japanese flagship "Mikasa" foundered as the result of an explosion in Sasebo harbour, with a loss 599 men, 1905.
Convention signed at Chefoo by Sir Thomas Wade and Li Hung-chang, 1876.
Public Meeting in Hongkong with reference to the blockade of the port by the Chinese Customs' cruisers, 1874. Severe typhoon in Southern Japan, 1891. Funeral of Emperor Mutsuhito, 1912.
Chinese transport "Waylee" driven ashore on Pescadores, upwards of 370 lives lost, 1887.
Pingyang captured by the Japanese, 1894.
New Convention between Germany and Chiua ratified at Peking, 1881.
The battle of the Yalu, in which the Chinese were defeated by the Japanese, losing five
vessels, 1894.
Destruction by fire of the Temple of Heaven, Peking, 1889. Loss in Ki Channel, near
Kobe, of the Turkish frigate "Ertogrul," with 567 lives, 1890.
Typhoon at Hongkong, the most disastrous in the Colony's history, 1906. Allied Generalissimo reached Hongkong, 1900. Riots at Kumchuk, Kwangtung, 1900.
Count von Waldersee reached Shanghai, 1900. Sir Robert Hart died, 1911. Typhoon at
Swatow, 1891.
Chinese Govt. signed a contract with Messrs. Samuel & Co., of London, for a loan of
$10,000,000 for the development of Hankow, 1914.
U. S. brig "Lubra" taken by pirates, 1866. Terrific typhoon in Hongkong and Macao, many thousands of lives lost, 1874. Hongkong Volunteer Reserve Association inaugurated 1904. Prize Court in Hongkong condemned H.A.L. "Frisia" captured by H.M.S. "Triumph", 1914.
H.M.S. "Rattler" lost off Japan, 1868. Piratical attack on the German barque "Apenrade," near Macao, 1869. The Satsuma rebels in Japan routed with great slaughter, their leader, Saigo, killed, and the insurrection suppressed, 1877. Bomb thrown at Chinese Commissioners when about to leave Peking for Europe, 1905.
Arrival of Governor Sir Henry A. Blake in Hongkong, 1898. Jubilee of Dr. A. H. Graves'
missionary labours at Canton celebrated, 1906.
Lord Napier arrived at Macao dangerously ill, 1834.
Commissioner Lin degraded, 1840. Lord Kitchener in Hongkong, 1909. Yellow River burst its banks in Honan; calamitous inundation, 1887.
wrecked near Hainan Strait, 1910.
H.A.L. "Lydia"
MICHAELMAS DAY. Hurricane at Manila, causing immense damage to shipping, 1865. S.S. "Charterhouse" foundered in a typhoon off Hainan Head, 70 persons drowned, 1906. All the Bogue forts destroyed by the British fleet, 1841. S. S. "Hsiesho" sank after striking
a mine in Pechili Gulf, 1905,
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
OCTOBER-31 DAYS
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
lxxiii.
SUNRISE
SUNSET
1st
...6h. 15m.
6h. 11m.
1914 1915
15th
.6h. 20m. 5h. 59m.
Maximum
.81.2
82.7
Minimum
.74.3
75.4
MOON'S PHASES
Mean
.77.5 78.9
d.
h.
m.
First Quarter
4
7
0
BAROMETER, 1915
.
P.M.
Full Moon
Mean
11
3
1
P.M.
Last Quarter
19
9
A.M.
1914
RAINFALL
1915
New Moon
27
37
A.M.
6.450 inches
11.710 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF
9 & 10
WEEK
MONTH
MOONS
Sun.
LO
Mon. Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Frid.
01 0
Co
5
67
8
9
10
12
34 10
5
The
CHRONOLOGY OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
Hongkong Daily Press" started, 1857. Inauguration of Hongkong College of Medicine, 1887. Hyogo declared an open port, 1892. Gold Standard adopted in Japan, 1897. British Section, Canton-Kowloon Railway opened, 1910. Tamsui bombarded by French, 1884. Serious riot at Hongkong, 1884.
Treaty between France and Siam signed at Bangkok, 1893. Withdrawal of British steamers from West River, 1900. Chinese National Assembly Inaugurated, 1910.
Attack on foreigners at Wenchow, 1884. Terrible fire at Amoy, 1902. Typhoon at
Hongkong, 1894. Canton-Kowloon Railway opened for through traffic, 1911. French expedition left Chefoo for Corea, 1866.~ Arrival in Hongkong of Governor Sir
William Des Voeux, 1887.
Hongkong Government agreed to lend the Viceroy of Wuchang £1,100,000 to repurchase from an American syndicate the Canton-Hankow railway concession, 1905. H.R.H. Prince Alfred visited Peking, but not received by the Emperor, 1869. Great public meeting at Hongkong to consider increase of crime in Colony, 1878. Chinese Court left Kaifengfu on its way to Peking, 1901. Hongkong Legislative Council passed a Bill to prevent trading with the enemy, 1914.
Supplementary Treaty signed at The Hague, 1848. French landing party at Tamsui repulsed, 1884. Battle of Shaho, Russo-Japanese War, commenced. Ended 25th in disastrous defeats of Russians; casualties 45,800 Russian; 15,879 Japanese, 1904. Shanghai captured, 1841. Chinhaí taken, 1841. Official inspection of Tientsin-Kaiping Rail-
way, 1888. Shanghai-Woosung Railway placed under Chinese control, 1904. Lord Napier died at Macao, 1834. Wreck off the Pescadores of the P. & O. str. "Bokhara," with loss of 125 lives, 1892. Yuan Shih Kai inaugurated President of the Chinese Republic, 1913. The first Chinese merchant str. ("Meifoo") left Hongkong for London with passengers to establish a Chinese firm there, 1881. Outbreak of revolution in China at Wüchang, 1911. Revolt in the Philippines, 1872. Eight Chinese banks in Peking suspended payment, 1910. Ningpo occupied by British forces, 1841. First railway in Japan officially opened by the
Mikado, 1872. Allies capture Paotingfu, 1900.
Explosion on the Chinese trooper "Kungpai," loss of 500 lives, 1895. Khanghoa, in Corea, taken by the French, 1866.
St. John's Cathedral, Hongkong, dedicated, 1842. Daring piracy on board the British str.
"Greyhound," 1885.
At a meeting of the Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London and China, a scheme
of reconstruction was approved, 1892.
Great fire in Hongkong, 1859. Great typhoon at Formosa, 1861. Japanese Government
welcomed American Battleship Fleet, 1908.
Terrific typhoon at Manila; enormous damage to property, 1882. The Shanghai and
Woosung railway closed by the Chinese Government, 1877.
H.R.H. Prince Alfred arrived at Shanghai, 1869. Cosmopolitan Dock opened, 1875. 58 piratical vessels destroyed by Captains Hay and Wilcox, H.M. ships "Columbine" and "Fury," 1849. Hongkong Legislative Council voted $100,000 to the Prince of Wales' National Relief Fund, 1914. Arms and ammunition consigned to India by Germans discovered at Shanghai, 1915.
King Chulalongkorn of Siam died, 1910.
Japanese cross the Yalu, 1894.
Treaty of Whampoa between France and China signed, 1844. Kahding recaptured by
the Allies, 1862.
Chin-lien-cheng taken by the Japanese, 1894.
Serious earthquake in Central Japan, 7,500 persons killed, 1891. Attempted insurrection at Canton, 1895. Prince Adalbert of Prussia visited Hongkong, 1904. Massacre of four American Missionaries and a child at Lienchow, 1905. Prince Ito assassinated at Har- bin, 1909. Hon. Mr. W. D. Barnes, Colonial Secretary of Hongkong, died suddenly whilst playing polo, 1911. Bomb, thrown in Canton, killed 37 people, 1914. Note presented from the Powers to China advising the suspension of the monarchical
movement, 1915.
Portuguese frigate "D. Maria II." blown up at Macao, 1850.
Great fire in Hongkong, 1866. Fenghuang taken by the Japanese, 1894. Chinese Govera-
ment welcomed American Battleship Fleet at Amoy, 1908.
ALL HALLOWS' EVE. H. R. H. Prince Alfred arrived at Hongkong, 1869. Talienwan
occupied by the Japanese, 1894.
Sat.
Sun.
78
11
12
Mon.
9
13
Tues. 10
14
Wed.
Thur. 12
Frid. 13
Sat. Sun.
Mon. 16 Tues. 17
Wed.
Thur.
Frid.
Sat.
21
Sun.
E DE LEE * 2 2 2
11
15
16
17
14
18
15
19
20
21
18
22
19
23
20
24
25
22
26
Mon. 23
Tues.
Wed.
Thur.
Frid.
*** 27
27
24
28
25
29
26
30
1
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
≈ 210 00
28
29
30
31
ixxiv
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
NOVEMBER-30 DAYS
SUNRISE
SUNSET
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
1st
..6h. 27m.
5h. 46m.
1914
1915
15th
.6h. 26m.
5h. 40m.
Maximum
..73.5
75.5
Minimum
..66.4 66.8
MOON'S PHASES
Mean
..69.9 70.9
d. h.
m.
BAROMETER, 1915
First Quarter
3
1
51
A.M.
Mean
.30.07
Full Moon
10
4
18
A.M.
Last Quarter
18
6
0
A.M.
1914
RAINFALL
New Moon
25
4
50
P.M.
8.815 inches
1915 1,890 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF
10 & 11
CHRONOLOGY OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
WEEK
MONTH
MOONS
Wed.
1
$
Thur.
Fri.
Sat. Sun.
Mon.
Tues. Wed.
Thur.
2 3 4 10
7890
5
10
11
6789
1234
ALL SAINTS. The port of Quinhon, Annam, opened to foreign trade, 1876. Riotous dis- turbances at Hongkong connected with the boycott of Japanese goods, 1908. All Germans in Hongkong of Military age interned; others required to leave the Colony, 1914. Presidential mandate issued denouncing Sun Yat-sen, 1914. ALL SOULS, Wreck of the U.S. cruiser "Charleston off North Luzon. Great Britain commenced the first war with China by the Naval action of Chuen-pee, 1839. Hongkong Jockey Club formed, 1884. Pacific Mail S.S. withdrawn owing to the La
Folette Seaman's Act coming into force in the U.S.A., 1915.
53
Great fire at Macao, 500 houses burnt, 1834. Peking evacuated by the Allies, 1860. President Yuan Shih Kai proclaimed Kuomintang a seditious organisation and unseated 438 members of Parliament, 1913.
English and French Treaties promulgated in the "Peking Gazette," 1860.
str. "Tingsang" wrecked in Haitan Straits. Fall of Tsingtau to Anglo-Japanese force, 1914.
Death of Li Hung-chang, 1901.
Indo-China
The French repulsed in Corea, 1866. Celebration of Queen Victoria's Jubilee in Hongkong, 1887. Typhoon at Hongkong, 1900, H.M.S. "Sandpiper" and "Canton City" sunk. Independence of Kwangtung province announced, 1911. Twelve people killed by a bomb in Canton, 1914. Gernian cruiser "Emden "destroyed by H.M.A.S. "Sydney" at Cocos Island, 1914.
Statue of Sir Arthur Kennedy unveiled in the Botanic Gardens, Hongkong, 1887. Assas- sination of Admiral Tseng Ju-cheng at Shanghai, 1915. Coronation of Emperor Yoshihito of Japan, 1915.
H.M.S. "Racehorse" wrecked off Chefoo in 1864. Death of M. Paul Bert, Resident General of Annam and Tonkin, 1886. New Chinese Tariff came into force, 1901. Disturbances at Shanghai, following measures to prevent a plague epidemic, 1910.
Hongkong first lighted by gas, 1864. The Foreign Ministers had audience within the
Palace, Peking, 1894.
Earthquake at Shanghai, 1847. Macao Boundary Delimitation Conference at Hongkong
interrupted, 1909.
Convention signed between Russia and China, 1860. Celebration of Shanghai Jubilee, 1893. Germans took possession of Kiaochau Bay, 1897. Death of the Chinese Emperor Kwang Isu, 1908.
H. M. gunboat "Gnat" lost on the Palawan, 1868. Opening of Canton-Fatshan Rail-
way, 1903. Death of the Chinese Empress Dowager Tze Au, 1908. Shanghai opened to foreign commerce, 1843. Celebration of Shanghai Jubilee, 1893. Great fire in Hongkong, 1867. First section Shanghai-Nanking railway to Naziang opened.
General strike of printers commenced in Hongkong, 1911.
Terrific gunpowder explosion at Amoy; upwards of 800 houses destroyed and several
hundred lives lost, 1887. Jesuit fathers expelled from Macao, 1910. Portuguese Custom House at Macao closed, 1845. Lord Elgin died, 1863.
Port Arthur taken by the Japanese, 1894. Departure of Governor Sir Henry Blake from
Hongkong, 1903. Rebels repulsed at Hankow, 1911.
Terrible boiler explosion on board the str. "Yesso" in H.K. harbour, 86 lives lost, 1877. Resignation en bloc of unofficial members of Hongkong Licensing Board as a protest against the action of the Executive in restoring the licences of the Peak and Grand IIotels, 1915.
Chinese commenced boycott of trams in Hongkong which lasted seven weeks, 1912. Death of the Hon. Mr. E. A. Hewett, C.M.G., member of the Executive and Legislative Councils of Hongkong, 1915.
Capture of Anping, Formosa, 1868. Treaty between Portugal and China signed, 1871,
Imperial Diet of Japan met for the first time, 1890.
Edict issued by the Viceroy of Canton forbidding trade with British ships, 1839.
M. Thiers accepts the apology of Ch'ung How, the Chinese Ambassador, for the murder of
the French at Tientsin (June 21st, 1870), 1871.
Foreign factories burnt at Canton, 1856. Great fire in Hongkong, 1867.
Hongkong, opened, 1900.
Opening of the Japanese Diet at Tokyo by the Emperor in person, 1890.
troops at Macao, 1910,
Blake Pier,
Revolt of
ST. ANDREW'S DAY. ST. Joseph's Church, Hongkong, consecrated, 1872. The Japanese cruiser "Chishima Kan" sunk in collision with the P. & O. steamer "Ravenna' in the Inland Sea, 61 lives lost, 1892. Armistice arranged between Chinese Revolu-
·tionists and Imperialists, 1911.
Frid. 10
15
Sat.
11
16
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
23+
12
17
13
18
14
19
Wed. 15
Thur. 16
Frid. 17
Sat.
Sun.
Mon. 20
Tues. Wed.
21
Thur.
Frid. 24
Sat.
Sun.
Mon. 27
Tues.
28
4
Wed. 29
5
Thur. 30
DE ∞ 272 82 2 9 2 28
18
19
23
272 ****N AG
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
25
1
26
WN
2
THE CALENDAR FOR 1916
DECEMBER-31 DAYS
HONGKONG TEMPERATURE
Ixxv
SUNRISE
SUNSET
1st
..6h. 46m.
5h. 38m.
15th
.6h. 55m.
5h. 41m.
Maximum
Minimum
MOON'S PHASES
Mean
1914 1915
..67.7
67.9
.60.5 58.6
.64.0 63.4
d. h.
m.
First Quarter
2
9
55
A.M.
BAROMETER, 1915
Full Moon
9
8 44
P.M.
Mean
..30.13
Last Quarter
18
6
A.M.
New Moon
25
4
31
A.M.
1914
'RAINFALL
First Quarter
31
7
P.M.
0.720 inches
1915 0.775 inches
DAYS OF DAYS OF 11 and 12|
Chronology OF REMARKABLE EVENTS
WEEK
MONTH
MOONS
7
Queen Alexandra born, 1844.
8
Frid.
Sat.
Sun.
Mon. Tues.
Wed. Thur.
Frid.
1 2 3 4
6789
13
14
Sat.
15
Sun.
10
16
Mon. 11
17
Tues. 12
18
Wed. 13
19
Thur. Frid. 15
14
21
Sat.
16
9 1ST IN ADVENT. S. Francis Xavier died on Sanchoan, 1552.
First census of Hongkong taken, population 15,000, 1841.
10
11
12
2206
23
22298
Gl
JQQA W
Six foreigners killed at Wang-chuh-ki, 1847. Soochow re-taken by the Imperialists under General Gordon, 1863. The Japanese warship "Unebi-kan" left Singapore and not heard of again, 1886.
European factories at Canton destroyed by a mob, 1842.
Ningpo captured by the Taipings, 1861. Consecration of new Pei-tang Cathedral Peking, 1888. Piratical attack on Portuguese str. Amerioan, near Macao, the captain being killed, 1913. Election of Hon. Mr. D. Landale as chairman of Hongkong Chamber of Commerce, 1915.
Piracy on board the Douglas str. "Namoa," five hours after leaving Hongkong. Captain Pocock and three others murdered and several seriously wounded, 1890. Arrival in Hongkong of Governor Sir William Robinson, 1891. Confucius died, B.C. 400. Election of Mr. P. H. Holyoak to represent the Chamber of Commerce on the Hong- kong Legislative Council, 1915.
Indeninity paid by Prince of Satsuma, 1863. Admiral Bell, U.S.N., drowned at
Osaka, 1867.
Imperial Decree stating that the Foreign Ministers at Peking are to be received in
audience every New Year, 1890.
French flag hauled down from the Consulate at Canton by Chinese, 1832. First Reception of foreign ladies by the Empress Dowager of China, 1898. President Yuan Shih-kai invited to ascend the Dragon Throne of China by a unanimous vote of the provincial delegates at Peking, 1915.
All Roman Catholic Priests (not Portuguese) expelled from Macao, 1838. Hongkong Prize Court condemned German steamer "Tannenfels," seized as a Prize by the destroyer
Chelmer," 1914.
*
Memorial Stone of New Harbour of Refuge at Mongkoktsui laid by the H. E. Governor,
1915.
United States District Court for China opened at Shanghai, 1906. Sir W. Des Vœux,
formerly Governor of Hongkong, died, 1909.
Sir Hugh Gough and the Eastern Expedition left China, 1842.
Arrival of Princes Albert Victor and George of Wales at Hongkong in the "Bacchante," 1881. Two cotton mills destroyed by fire at Osaka, 120 persons burnt to death, 1893. Tuan Fane murdered, 1911.
Steam navigation first attempted, 1736.
Two Mandarins arrived at Macao with secret orders to watch the movements of
Plenipotentiary Elliot, 1836.
Sir Henry May, of Hongkong, appointed Governor of Fiji, 1910. One million dollars worth of forged Chinese banknotes seized in Hongkong, 1912. President Yuan Shih-kai performed the Worship of Heaven, 1914.
British Consulate at Shanghai destroyed by fire, 1870.
CHRISTMAS DAY. Great fire in Hongkong, 368 houses destroyed, immense destruction
of property, 1878.
BANK HOLIDAY. ST. STEPHEN. Great fire at Tokyo, 11,000 houses destroyed, 26 lives lost, 1897. The N. C. Co. steamer " Shanghai" destroyed by fire on the Yangtsze, over 300 lives lost.
Dedication of Hongkong Masonic Hall, 1865.
Canton bombarded by Allied forces of Great Britain and France, 1857.
Dr. Sun Yat Sen elected Provisional President of the Republic of China, 1911.
Sun. 17
Mon. Tues.
18
Wed. 20
07002
24
19
25
26
Thur. Frid.
Sat.
Sun. 24 Mon. 25
Tues.
Wed.
27
Thur. 28 Fri.
29
Sat. 30 Sun.
31
21
222 22 2 NAGAE
27
28
23
29
30
1
26
lxxvi
CHINESE FESTIVALS AND OBSERVANCES IN 1916
1916 Yueh Mau Jan. XII. Moon.
21
24
17 20
225
23 24
Great Cold.
Festival of Lu Pàn, the patron saint of carpenters and masons.
He is said to have been a contemporary of Confucius. Among the many stories related of his ingenuity it is said that, on account of his father having been put to death by the men of Wu, he carved the effigy of one of the genii with one of its hands stretched towards Wu, when, in consequence, drought prevailed for three years. On being supplicated and presented with gifts from Wu, he cut off the hand, and rain immediately fell. On this day carpenters refuse to work.
Worship of the god of the hearth at nightfall.
The god of the hearth reports to heaven.
Beginning of Spring.
Fête day of the Spirits of the Ground.
Feast of Lanterns, Fête of Shang-yuen, ruler of heaven.
Fête of Shen and Ts'ai, the two guardians of the door. Auspicious day for
praying for wealth and offspring, as well as for rain.
27
28
Ping Sin
Feb.
I. Moon.
1
Chinese New Year's Day.
3
12
10
17
15
18
16
Mar.
1
5
2
3
16
13
18
21
15 18
22
II. Moon.
19
April III. Moon.
3
5
17
15
20
18
25
23
28
26
30
28
May IV. Moon.
5
5
9
11
10
12
11
15
14
18
17
21
20
29
28
June
15
5
V. Moon.
5
11
11
13
13
16
16
22
23
22
Fête day of the Supreme Judge in the Courts of Hades. Mencius born, B.C. 371. Spring worship of the gods of the land and grain. Fête of the god of literature, worshipped by students.
Fête day of Hung-shing, god of the Canton river, powerful to preserve people
from drowning, and for sending rain in times of drought. Birthday of Lao Tsze, founder of Tauism, B.C. 604.
Vernal Equinox,
Fête of Kwanyin, goddess of mercy.
Tsing-ming or Tomb Festival. Fête of Hiuen T'ien Shang-ti, the supreme ruler of the sombre heavens and of Peh-te, Tauist god of the North Pole. Fête of I-ling, a deified physician, and of the god of the Sombre Altar, wor-
shipped on behalf of sick children.
Fête of Heu Tu, the goddess worshipped behind graves, of the god of the
Central mountain, and of the three brothers.
Fête of Tien Heu, Queen of Heaven, Holy mother, goddess of sailors. Fête of Tsz Sun, goddess of progeny.
National Festival of Ts'ang Kieh, inventor of writing.
Fête of the Bodhisattva Mandjushri; worshipped on behalf of the dead. Beginning of Summer.
Fête of San Kai, ruler of heaven, of earth, and of Hades; also a fête of Buddha. Fête of the dragon spirits of the ground.
Anniversary of the death of Confucius.
Fête of Lü Sien, Tauist patriarch, worshipped by barbers.
Fête of Kin Hwa, the Cantonese goddess of parturition. Fête of the goddess of the blind.
Fête of Yoh Wang, the Tauist god of medicine.
Fête of the god of the South Pole.
National fête day. Dragon boat festival and boat races. On this day the Cantonese frantically paddle about in long narrow boats much ornamen- ted. The festival is called Pa Lung Shun or Tiu Wat Uen, and is held to commemorate the death of Wat Uen, who drowned himself about B.C. 500, for his master the prince of Tsó refused to accept his faithful advice. National fête of Sheng Wang, the tutelary god of walled towns. National fête of Kwân Ti, god of war, and of his son General Kwan. Anniversary of the Formation of Heaven and Earth. Fête of Chang Tao-ling (A.D. 34), ancient head of the Tauist sect. His descendants still continue to claim the headship. It is said "the succession is perpetuated by the transmigration of the soul of each successor for Chang Tao-ling, on his decease, to the body of some youthful member of the family, whose heirship is supernaturally revealed as soon as the miracle is effected." Fête of Shakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.
Summer Solstice.
CHINESE FESTIVALS AND OBSERVANCES IN 1916
July VI. Moon.
lxxvii
7
8
Slight Heat.
18
19
Fête of the Goddess of Mercy.
23
24
.30
Aug.
5
VII. Moon.
1
ས
7
250
8
10
13
15
16
18
18
20
VIII. Moon.
20
22
22
24
23
25
27
29
29
1
30
2
31
3
Sept. 8
11
12
15
22
25
23
26
24
27
27
1
Oct.
5
9
7
11
12
11
15
IX. Moon.
QI26
12
16
13
17
14
18
24
28
X. Moon.
29
3
Nov. 8
13
10
15
22
27
Dec.
XI. Moon.
7
13
22
30
23
6
1917 XII. Moon.
13
Jan. 6
Great Heat. Anniversary of Kwan Ti's ascent to heaven. Fete of Chuh
Yung, the spirit of fire; and of the god of thunder.
First day of the seventh moon. During this moon is held the festival of all souls, when Buddhist and Tauist priests read masses to release souls from purgatory, scatter rice to feed starving ghosts, recite magic incantations accompanied by finger play imitating mystic Sanskrit characters which are supposed to comfort souls in purgatory, burn paper clothes for the benefit of the souls of the drowned, and visit family shrines to pray on behalf of the deceased members of the family. Exhibitions of groups of statuettes, dwarf plants, silk festoons, and ancestral tablets are com- bined with these ceremonies, which are enlivened by music and fireworks. Fête day of Lao Tszu, the founder of Tauism.
Fête of the god of Ursa Major, worshipped by scholars, and of the seven
goddesses of the Pleiades, worshipped by women.
Beginning of Autumn.
Fête of Chung Yuen, god of the element earth.
Fête of the three gods of heaven, of earth, and of water, and of the five
attendant sacrificial spirits.
Fête of Chang Fi, A.D. 220. A leader of the wars during the Three Kingdoms. He is said to have been at first a butcher and wine seller. After many heroic exploits, he perished by the hand of an assassin. Fête of the god of wealth.
Fête of Hü Sün-ping, a Tauist eremite. Heat Abating,
Fête of Ti Ts'ang-wang, the patron of departed spirits.
Fête of Hü Sun, a deified physician, worshipped by doctors, and of Kin Kiah
(god of the golden armour) worshipped by the literati. Fête of the gods of land and grain.
Descent of the star god of the northern measure, and fête of the god of the hearth. White Dew.
National fête day. Worship of the moon, and Feast of Lanterns.
Fête of the god of the Sun.
Autumnal Equinox.
Fête of Confucius (born 552 B.C.), the founder of Chinese ethics and politics.
Descent of the Star gods of the northern and southern measures from the
1st to the 9th day inclusive.
Fête of Kwan Ti, the god of war; kite-flying day. Fête of Tung, a ruler in Hades. Fête of Yen Hwui, the favourite disciple of Confucius.
Cold Dew.
National fête of Shu Hi (A.D. 1130-1200), the most eminent of the later Chi- nese philosophers whose commentaries on the Chinese classics have form- ed for centuries the recognized standard of orthodoxy.
Fête of the god of the loom.
Fêtes of the god of wealth; of Koh Hung, one of the most celebrated of Tauist
doctors and adepts in alchemy; and of the golden dragon king. Fête of Tsü Shông, one of the reputed inventors of writing.
Frost Descent. Fête day of Hwa Kwang, the god of fire, and Ma, a deified
physician.
Fête of the three brothers San Mao.
Beginning of Winter.
Fêtes of Ha Yuen, the god of water; of the god of small-pox; and of the
god and goddess of the bedstead.
Slight Snow.
Heavy Snow,
Winter Solstice.
Fête day of Yuh Hwang, the higher god of the Tauist pantheon.
Slight Cold,
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, MONEY
CHINESE
WEIGHTS
1 liang
(tael)
=
16 liang
(tael) make 1 kin
(catty)
=
100 kin
(catty) make 1 tan
(picul)
120 kin
(catty) make 1 shik
(stone)
1:333 oz. avoir., or 37.78 grammes 1.333 lbs. avoir., or 60453 grammes 133:333 lbs. avoir., or 60*453 kilogramme 160.000 lbs. avoir., or 72.544 kilogramme
Four ounces equal three taels; one pound equals three quarters of a catty or twelve taels; one hundredweight equals 81 catties; one ton equals 16 piculs 80 catties.
MEASURE OF CAPACITY
1 koh 合(gill)
=
0.103 litre
10 koh
合 make 1 sheng 升 (pint) 10 sheng make 1 ton
=
1.031 litre
(peck)
=
10.31 litres
1 fun 分
MEASURE OF LENGTH
14 inch English
10 fun
分 make Itsun f (inch)
1.41 inch English
10 tsun
make 1 chih
(foot)
14.1 inches English
10 chih
尺 make 1 chang
11 ft. 9 inches English
The length of the Chang is fixed by the Treaty of Tientsin at 141 inches.
(pole)
5 chih
make 1 pú
步(pace)
360 pú
make 1 li
里
10 li
250 li
里 wake 1 tang-sun 汛塘 (league) = about 3 English Miles 里 make I tu 度 (degree)
about 5 feet English about
English Mile
LAND MEASURE
13 126 inches
=
30323 square feet
80-862 square yards
5 chih
1 chih尺
make 1 pú
24 pú 步wake 1. fun 芬
60 pú 步wake 1 kioh 角
4 kioh
100 mow
make 1 mow make 1 king Ľ
202-156 square yards
26.73 square poles 16.7 acres
The Mow, which is the unit of measurement, is almost exactly one-sixth of an acre. Weights and measures in China vary in every province and almost every district, and differ in the same districts for different kinds of goods. The words picul, catty, tael, mace, and candareen are not Chinese.
10 li
10 fên
10 ch'ien
MONEY
1 li
釐 (cash)
make 1 fên
(candareen)
=
make 1 ch'ien
(mace)
make 1 liang
(tael)
032 of a penny
32 of a penny
3.2 pence
2s. Sd.
The Tael may be taken as worth one and a third silver dollar.
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, MONEY
lxxix
The above are weights of silver. They are not represented by any coin except the copper cash, which is supposed to be the equivalent in value of a li of silver, but the value of which differs greatly in different districts and at different times. They have no uniform intrinsic value, being made large and small and of varying composition. Silver is used uncoined in ingots, usually of fifty taels more or less, in weight, called "shoes," the usual shape being not unlike a Chinese shoe. In the maritime district from Canton to Amoy chopped dollars are the general medium of exchange. In 1890 a mint was established for the coinage of silver dollars and subsidiary pieces, and more recently mints for silver and copper coinage have been opened at Nanking, Wuchang, and Tientsin, and others are projected. The coins, although supposed to be of equal weight and fineness, are differently inscribed. Some of the foreign banks issue tael and dollar notes of the value of one dollar and upwards at the larger of the Treaty Ports.
HONGKONG AND STRAITS SETTLEMENTS
MONEY:-The legal tender in Hongkong is British or Mexican Dollars, local 50, 20, 10 and 5 cent silver pieces, to the amount of $2, bronze cents and mils. The circulation of any foreign silver or copper coin other than the Mexican dollar is prohibited. Some of the banks issue notes from one dollar upwards. Mexican and British dollars were demonetised in the Straits Settlements in 1904 and a Straits dollar sub-stituted. The value of this dollar is fixed at 2s. 4d. In the Straits 50-cent pieces are legal tender for the payment of any amount; so also are sovereigns.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES:-English, Malay and Chinese in the Straits Settlements, and English and Chinese in Hongkong and the Treaty Ports of China are used.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
The peso, equivalent in value to fifty cents, United States Currency, is legal tender in the Philippine Islands to any amount. So also are the United States gold coins. The media or half peso is legal tender up to ten pesos. Though the coinage is on a gold basis, no gold coins are in circulation, Government silver certificates are issued for ten, five, and two pesos, and the Banco Español Filipina of Manila issues bank notes for five, ten, twenty-five, fifty, one hundred and two hundred pesos.
WEIGHTS
The official system is the Metric system, but weights of Spanish origin are still in com- mon use. The picul in the Philippines is 137.9 lbs., 16 piculs going to the ton.
JAPANESE
1 Kwam-me or 1,000 Momme 1 Hiyaku-me or 100 Momme 1 Momme or 10 Fun
1 Fun
or
10 Rin
1 Rin
or
10 Mo
1 Mo
or
lu Shi
1 Shi
1 Hiyak-kin
or
100 Kin
1 Kin
or 160 Momme =
WEIGHTS
8.2817077001 lbs. avoir., or 0.8281707700 lb. avoir., or 0.0082817077 lb. avoir., or 0.0008281708 lb. avoir., or 0.0000828171 lb. avoir., or 0.0000082817 lb. avoir., or 0.0000008282 lb. avoir., or 132.5073232011 lbs. avoir., or 1.3250732320 lbs. avoir., or
3.7565217 kilogrammes 375.65217 grammes 3.756521 grammes 0.375652 gramme 0.03755 gramme 0.003756 gramme
0.000375 gramme 60.1043472 kilogrammes 601.043472 grammes
ATOTHECARIES WEIGHT-1 Riyo or 4 Momme equal 0.0402583013 lb. troy.
1 Jo make 10 Shaku
1 Shaku make 10 Sun
1 Sun
DRY MEASURE
make 10 Bu
=
about 4 yards 5 inches English about 1 foot 21 inches English about 1 inch English
lxxx
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, MONEY
LAND MEASURE
1 Ri 1 Cho 1 Ken
make 36 Cho
make 60 Ken
=
make 6 Shaku
=
2.4403 English miles
119.305 English yards
59.653 English feet
MONEY
On 1st October, 1897, Japan adopted a gold standard, taking the yen (dollar) at 24-59 pence sterling. The coinage is decimal.
SIAMESE
MONEY
2 Solrt 2 Atts
or 1 Att
$0.0095
4 Sálings
or 1 Pai
$0.019
4 Bäts
or 1 BätorTical- or 1 Tämlü'ng
$0.60*
$2.40
2 Pais
or 1 Seek
$0.038
20 Tämlü'ngs or 1 Ch'äng
2 Seeks
or 1 Fu'ang
$0.076
50 Ch'ängs
or 1 Hấp
2 Fu'ang
or 1 Sálü'ng
$0.150
300 Häps
or 1 Tära
$48.00 $2,400.00 $240,000.00
WEIGHTS
The standard of weight being the coin of the country, weights are designated by the same terms. A Tical weighs 236 grains troy.
The Siamese standard of weight is just double that of the Chinese, and goods are bought and sold in Bangkok more by the Chinese than the Siamese standard.
LONG MEASURE
1 Niw
12 Niws
make
1 K'ú'p
2 K'ú'ps
make
1 Säwk
inch 9 inches 19 inches
4 Säwks
make
1 Wah
20. Wals
make
1 Sën
400 Sens
make
1 Yot
78 inches 130 feet
93 statute miles.
Note.-Timber is bought by the Yök, which is 64 Säwk in length [by 1 Säwk in width or 36,864 Siamese inches, being equivalent to 169 square feet.
DRY MEASURE
1 Tänan.....
20 Tänans make 1 láng
I pints 25 Tänans
make 1 Sat
15 pints 100 Tángs or 80 Sat make 1 Keean (Coyan.)
A Keean is 20 Piculs; a Picul is 331lbs. avoirdupois.
TREATIES, CODES, &c.
TOUR
TREATIES WITH CHINA
GREAT BRITAIN
TREATY BETWEEN HER MAJESTY AND THE EMPEROR OF CHINA
SIGNED, IN THE ENGLISH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES, AT NANKING, 29TH AUGUST, 1842
Ratifications Exchanged at Hongkong, 26th June, 1843
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of putting an end to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between the two countries, have resolved to conclude a treaty for that purpose, and have therefore named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., a Major-General in the Service of the East India Company, &c.; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commissioners Ke-ying, a Member of the Imperial House, a Guardian of the Crown Prince, and General of the Garrison of Canton: and Ilìpoo, of the Imperial Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the first rank, and the distinc- tion of a peacock's feather, lately Minister and Governor-General, &c., and now Lieut.-General commanding at Chàpoo-Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles :-
Art. I.-There shall henceforward be peace and friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the dominions of the other.
Art. II.-His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees that British subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purpose of carry- ing on their mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint, at the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow-foo, Ningpo, and Shanghai; and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., will appoint superintendents, or consular officers, to reside at each of the above-named cities or towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese authorities and the said merchants, and to see that the just duties and other dues of the Chinese Government, as hereinafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty's subjects.
Art. III. It being obviously necessary and desirable that British subjects should have some port whereat they may carcen and refit their ships when required, and keep stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &e., the Island of Hongkong to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, her heirs, and successors, and to be governed by such laws and regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., shall see fit to direct.
Art. IV.-The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of six millions of dollars, as the value of the opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of March, 1839, as a ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty's Superintendent and sub- jects who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese high officers.
Art. V. The Government of China having compelled the British merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese merchants, called Hong merchants (or Co-Hong), who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for this purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all ports where British merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please; and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of three millions of dollars, on account of debts due
1*
NANKING TREATY, 1842
to British subjects by some of the said Hong merchants, or Co-Hong, who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.
Art. VI.-The Government of Her Britannic Majesty having been obliged to send out an expedition to demand and obtain redress for the violent and unjust proceedings of the Chinese high authorities towards Her Britannic Majesty's officers and subjects, the Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of twelve millions of dollars, on account of expenses incurred; and Her Britannic Majesty's plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees, on behalf of Her Majesty, to deduct from the said amount of twelve millions of dollars, any sums which may have been received by Her Majesty's combined forces, as ransom for cities and towns in China, subsequent to the 1st day of August, 1841.
Art. VII. It is agreed that the total amount of twenty-one millions of dollars, described in the three preceding Articles, shall be pail as follows :----
Six millions immediately.
Six millions in 1843; that is, three millions on or before the 30th June, and
three millions on or before 31st of December.
Five millions in 1844; that is, two millions and a half on or before the 30th of
June, and two millions and a half on or before the 31st of December, Four millions in 1845; that is, two millions on or before 30th of June, and
two millions on or before the 31st of December.
And it is further stipulated that interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be paid by the Government of China on any portion of the above sums that are not punctually discharged at the periods fixed.
Art. VIII.--The Emperor of China agrees to release, unconditionally, all subjects of Her Britannic Majesty (whether natives of Europe or India), who may be in con- finement at this moment in any part of the Chinese Empire.
Art. IX. The Emperor of China agrees to publish and promilgate, under his imperial sign manual and seal, a full and entire amnesty and act of indemnity to all subjects of China, on account of their having resided under, or having had dealings and intercourse with, or having entered the service of Her Britannic Majesty, or of Her Majesty's officers; and His Imperial Majesty further engages to release all Chinese subjects who may be at this moment in confinement for similar reasons.
Art. X. His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at all the ports which are, by Article II. of this Treaty, to be thrown open for the resort of British merchants, a fair and regular tariff of export and import customs and other dues, which tariff shall be publicly notified and promulgated for general information; and the Emperor further engages that, when British merchants shall have once paid at any of the said ports the regulated customs and dues, agreeable of the tariff to be hereafter fixed, such merchandise may be conveyed by Chinese merchants to any province or city in the interior of the empire of China, on paying a further amount of transit duties, which shall not exceed per cent. on the tariff value of such goods.
Art. XI.-It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty's chief high officer in China shall correspond with the Chinese high officers, both at the capital and in the provinces, under the term "communication "; the subordinate British officers and Chinese high officers in the provinces under the term "statement," on the part of the former, and on the part of the latter, "declaration," and the subordinates of both countries on a footing of perfect equality; merchants and others not holding official situations, and therefore not included in the above, on both sides for use the term "representation in all papers addressed to, or intended for, the notice of the respective Govern-
ments.
12
Art. XII.-On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty being received, and the discharge of the first instalment of money, Her Britannic Majesty's forces will retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and will no longer molest or stop the trade of China. The military post at Chinhae will also be withdrawn, but the island of Koolangsoo, and that of Chusan, will continue to be held by Her Majesty's forces until the money payments, and the arrangements for opening the ports to British merchants, be completed.
NANKING TREATY, 1842-TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
Art. XIII.-The ratifications of this Treaty by Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., an1 His Majesty the Emperor of China, shall be exchanged as soon as the great distance which separates England from China will admit; but, in the meantime, counterpart copies of it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on behalf of their respective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its provisions and arrangements shall take effect.
Done at Nanking, and signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on board Her Britannic Majesty's ship Cornwallis this 29th day of August, 1842; corresponding with the Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the seventh month, in the twenty-second year of Taou Kwang.
HENRY POTTINGER,
Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary.
And signed by the seals of four Chinese Commissioners.
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
Ratifications exchanged at Peking, 24th October, 1860
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous to put an end to the existing misunderstanding between the two countries and to place their relations on a more satisfactory footing in future, have resolved to proceed to a revision and improvement of the Treaties existing between them; and, for that purpose, have named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :-
Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, a Peer of the United Kingdom, and Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commissioner Kweiliang, a Senior Chief Secretary of State, styled of the East Cabinet, Captain-General of the Plain White Banner of the Manchu Banner force, Superintendent-General of the Administration of Criminal Law; and Hwashana, one of His Imperial Majesty's Expositors of the Classics, Manchu President of the Office for the Regulation of the Civil Establishment, Captain-General of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Chinese Banner Force, and Visitor of the Office of Interpretation:
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles :-
Art. I.-The Treaty of Peace and Amity between the two nations signed at Nanking on the twenty-ninth day of August, in the year eighteen hundred and forty- two, is hereby renewed and confirmed.
The supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade having been amended and improved, and the substance of their provisions having been incor- porated in this Treaty, the said Supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade are hereby abrogated.
Art. II. For the better preservation of harmony in future, Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and His Majesty the Emperor of China mutually agree that, in accordance with the universal practice of great and friendly nations, Her Majesty the Queen may, if she see fit, appoint Ambassadors, Ministers, or other Diplomatic Agents to the Court of Peking; and His Majesty the Emperor of China may, in like manner, if he see fit, appoint Ambassadors, Ministers, or other Diplomatic Agents -to the Court of St. James.
Art. III.-His Majesty the Emperor of China hereby agrees that the Ambassador, Minister, or other Diplomatic Agent, so appointed by Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, may reside, with his family and establishment, permanently at the capital, or may visit it occasionally at the option of the British Government. He
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shall not be called upon to perform any ceremony derogatory to him as representing the Sovereign of an independent nation on a footing of equality with that of China, On the other hand, he shall use the same forms of ceremony and respect to His Majesty the Emperor as are employed by the Ambassadors, Ministers, or Diplomatic Agents of Her Majesty towards the Sovereigns of independent and equal European nations.
It is further agreed, that Her Majesty's Government may acquire at Peking a site for building, or may hire houses for the accommodation of Her Majesty's Mission, and the Chinese Government will assist it in so doing.
Her Majesty's Representative shall be at liberty to choose his own servants and attendants, who shall not be subject to any kind of molestation whatever.
Any person guilty of disrespect or violence to Her Majesty's Representative, or to any member of his family or establishment, in deed or word, shall be severely punished. Art. IV. It is further agreed that no obstacle or difficulty shall be made to the free movements of Her Majesty's Representative, and that he and the persons of his suite may come and go, and travel at their pleasure. He shall, moreover, have full liberty to send and receive his correspondence to and from any point on the sea-coast that he may select, and his letters and effects shall be held sacred and inviolable. He may employ, for their transmission, special couriers, who shall meet with the same protection and facilities for travelling as the persons employed in carrying despatches for the Imperial Government; and, generally, he shall enjoy the same privileges as are accorded to officers of the same rank by the usage and consent of Western nations. All expenses attending the Diplomatic Mission of Great Britain shall be borne by the British Government.
Art. V.-His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to nominate one of the Secretaries of State, or a President of one of the Boards, as the high officer with whom the Ambassador, Minister, or other Diplomatic Agent of Her Majesty the Queen shall transact business, either personally or in writing, on a footing of perfect equality.
Art. VI. Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain agrees that the privileges hereby secured shall be enjoyed in her dominions by the Ambassador, Minister, or Diploinatic Agent of the Emperor of China, accredited to the Court of Her Majesty.
Art. VII.-Her Majesty the Queen may appoint one or more Consuls in the dominions of the Emperor of China; and such Consul or Consuls shall be at liberty to reside in any of the open ports or cities of China as Her Majesty the Queen may consider most expedient for the interests of British commerce. They shall be treated with due respect by the Chinese authorities, and enjoy the same privileges and immunities as the Consular Officers of the most favoured nation.
Consuls and Vice-Consuls in charge shall rank with Intendants of Circuit; Vice- Consuls, Acting Vice-Consuls, and Interpreters, with Prefects. They shall have access to the official residences of these officers, and communicate with them, either personally or in writing, on a footing of equality, as the interests of the public service may require. Art. VIII. The Christian religion, as professed by Protestants or Roman Catholics, inculcates the practice of virtue, and teaches man to do as he would be done by. Persons teaching it or professing it, therefore, shall alike be entitled to the protection of the Chinese authorities, nor shall any such, peaceably pursuing their calling and not offending against the laws, be persecuted or interfered with.
Art. IX. British subjects are hereby authorised to travel, for their pleasure or for purposes of trade, to all parts of the interior under passports which will be issued by their Consuls, and countersigned by the local authorities. These passports, if demanded, must be produced for examination in the localities passed through. If the passport be not irregular, the bearer will be allowed to proceed, and no opposition shall be offered to his hiring persons, or hiring vessels for the carriage of his baggage- or merchandise. If he be without a passport, or if he commit any offence against the law, he shall be handed over to the nearest Consul for punishment, but he must not be subjected to any ill-usage in excess of necessary restraint. No passport need be applied for by persons going on excursions from the ports open to trade to a distance not exceeding 100 li, aud for a period not exceeding five days.
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
7
The provisions of this Article do not apply to crews of ships, for the due restraint of whom regulations will be drawn up by the Consul and the local authorities.
To Nanking, and other cities, disturbed by persons in arms against the Govern- ment, no pass shall be given, until they shall have been recaptured.
Art. X.-British merchant ships shall have authority to trade upon the Great River (Yangtsze). The Upper and Lower Valley of the river being, however, disturbed by outlaws, no port shall be for the present opened to trade, with the exception of Chinkiang, which shall be opened in a year from the date of the signing of this Treaty.
So soon as peace shall have been restored, British vessels shall also be admitted to trade at such ports as far as Hankow, not exceeding three in number, as the British Minister, after consultation with the Chinese Secretary of State, may determine shall be ports of entry and discharge.
Art. XI. In addition to the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai, opened by the Treaty of Nanking, it is agreed that British subjects may frequent the cities and ports of Newchwang, Tangchow (Chefoo), Taiwan (Formosa), Chao-chow (Swatow), and Kiung-chow (Hainan).
They are permitted to carry on trade with whomsoever they please, and to proceed
to and fro at pleasure with their vessels and merchandise.
They shall enjoy the same privileges, advantages, and immunities at the said towns and ports as they enjoy at the ports already open to trade, including the right of residence, buying or renting houses, of leasing land therein, and of building churches, hospitals and cemeteries.
Art. XII. British subjects, whether at the ports or at other places, desiring to build or open houses, warehouses, churches, hospitals, or burial grounds, shall make their agreement for the land or buildings they require, at the rates prevailing among the people, equitably and without exaction on either side.
Art. XIII.-The Chinese Government will place no restrictions whatever upon the employment, by British subjects, of Chinese subjects in any lawful capacity.
Art. XIV.-British subjects may hire whatever boats they please for the transport of goods or passengers, and the sum to be paid for such boats shall be settled between the parties themselves, without the interference of the Chinese Government. The number of these boats shall not be limited, nor shall a monopoly in respect either of the boats or of the porters or coolies engaged in carrying the goods be granted to any parties. If any smuggling takes place in them the offenders will, of course, be punished according to law.
Art. XV. All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between British subjects, shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the British authorities. Art. XVI.-Chinese subjects who may be guilty of any criminal act towards British subjects shall be arrested and punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws of China.
British subjects who may commit any crime in China shall be tried and punished by the Consul, or other public functionary authorised thereto, according to the laws of Great Britain.
Justice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both sides.
Art. XVII.-A British subject, having reason to complain of Chinese, must proceed to the Consulate and state his grievance. The Consul will inquire into the merits of the case, and do his utmost to arrange it amicably. In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to complain of a British subject, the Consul shall no less listen to his complaint, and endeavour to settle it in a friendly manner. If disputes take place of such a nature that the Consul cannot arrange thein amicably, then he shall request the assistance of the Chinese authorities, that they may together examine into the merits of the case, and decide it equitably.
Art. XVIII.-The Chinese authorities shall at all times afford the fullest protection to the persons and property of British subjects, whenever these shall have been subjected to insult or violence. In all cases of incendiarism or robbery, the local authorities shall at once take the necessary steps for the recovery of the stolen
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property, the suppression of disorder, and the arrest of the guilty parties, whom they will punish according to law.
Art. XIX.-If any British merchant-vessel, while within Chinese waters, be plundered by robbers or pirates, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities to use every endeavour to capture and punish the said robbers or pirates and to recover the stolen property, that it may be handed over to the Consul for restoration to the owner.
Art. XX.-If any British vessel be at any time wrecked or stranded on the coast of China, or be compelled to take refuge in any port within the dominions of the Emperor of China, the Chinese authorities, on being apprised of the fact, shall immediately adopt measures for its relief and security; the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment and shall be furnished, if necessary, with the means of conveyance to the nearest Consular station.
Art. XXI.-If criminals, subjects of China, shall take refuge in Hongkong or on board the British ships there, they shall, upon due requisition by the Chinese- authorities, be searched for, and, on proof of their guilt, be delivered up.
In like manner, if Chinese offenders take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of British subjects at the open ports, they shall not be harboured or concealed, but shall be delivered up, on due requisition by the Chinese authorities, addressed to the British Consul.
Art. XXII. Should any Chinese subject fail to discharge debts incurred to a British subject, or should he fraudulently abscond, the Chinese authorities will do their utmost to effect his arrest and enforce recovery of the debts. The British authorities- will likewise do their utmost to bring to justice any British subject fraudulently absconding or failing to discharge debts incurred by him to a Chinese subject.
Art. XXIII. Should natives of China who may repair to Hongkong to trade- incur debts there, the recovery of such debts must be arranged for by the English Court of Justice on the spot; but should the Chinese debtor abscond, and be known to have property real or personal within the Chinese territory, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities on application by, and in concert with, the British Consul, to do their utmost to see justice done between the parties.
Art. XXIV. It is agreed that British subjects shall pay, on all merchandise imported or exported by them, the duties prescribed by the tariff; but in no case shall they be called upon to pay other or higher duties than are required of the subjects- of
any other foreign nation.
Art. XXV.-Import duties shall be considered payable on the landing of the goods, and duties of export on the shipment of the same.
Art. XXVI.-Whereas the tariff fixed by Article X. of the Treaty of Nanking, and which was estimated so as to impose on imports and exports a duty of about the rate of five per cent. ad valorem, has been found, by reason of the fall in value of various articles of merchandise therein enumerated, to impose a duty upon these considerably in excess of the rate originally assumed, as above, to be a fair rate, it is agreed that the said tariff shall be revised, and that as soon as the Treaty shall have been signed, application shall be made to the Emperor of China to depute a high officer of the Board of Revenue to meet, at Shanghai, officers to be deputed on behalf of the British Government, to consider its revision together, so that the tariff, as revised, may come into operation immediately after the ratification of this Treaty.
Art. XXVII.-It is agreed that either of the high contracting parties to this Treaty may demand a further revision of the tariff, and of the Commercial Articles of this Treaty, at the end of ten years; but if no demand be made on either side within six mouths after the end of the first ten years, then the tariff shall remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years, and so it shall be at the end of each successive ten years.
Art. XXVIII.-Whereas it was agreed in Article X. of the Treaty of Nanking that British imports, having paid the tariff duties, should be conveyed into the interior, free of all further charges, except a transit duty, the amount whereof was not to exceed a certain percentage on tariff value; and whereas, no accurate information having been furnished of the amount of such duty, British merchants have constantly
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
complained that charges are suddenly and arbitrarily imposed by the provincial authorities as transit duties upon produce on its way to the foreign market, and on imports on their way into the interior, to the detriment of trade; it is agreed that within four months from the signing of this Treaty, at all ports now open to British trade, and within a similar period at all ports that may hereafter be opened, the authority appointed to superintend the collection of duties shall be obliged, upon application of the Consul, to declare the amount of duties leviable on produce between the place of production and the port of shipment upon imports between the Consular port in question and the inland markets nained by the Consul; and that a notification thereof shall be published in English and Chinese for general information.
But it shall be at the option of any British subject desiring to convey produce purchased inland to a port, or to convey imports from a port to an inland market, to clear his goods of all transit duties, by payment of a single charge. The amount of this charge shall be leviable on exports at the first barrier they may have to pass, or, on imports at the port at which they are landed; and on payment thereof a certificate shall be issued, which shall exempt the goods from all further inland charges whatsoever.
It is further agreed that the amount of the charge shall be calculated, as nearly as possible, at the rate of two and a half per cent. ad valorem, and that it shall be fixed for each article at the conference to be held at Shanghai for the revision of the tariff.
It is distinctly understood that the payment of transit dues, by commutation or otherwise, shall in no way affect the tariff duties on imports or exports, which will continue to be levied separately and in full.
Art. XXIX.-British merchant vessels, of more than one hundred and fifty tons burden, shall be charged tonnage-dues at the rate of four mace per ton; if of one hundred and fifty tons and under, they shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton.
Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China for any other of the open ports, or for Hongkong, shall be entitled, on application of the master, to a special certificate from the Customs, on exhibition of which she shall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage dues in any open ports of China, for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the port-clearance.
Art. XXX. The master of any British merchant vessel may, within forty-eight hours after the arrival of his vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking bulk, in which case he will not be subject to pay tonnage-dues. But tonnage-dues shall be held due after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours. No other fees or charges upon entry or departure shall be levied.
Art. XXXI.-No tonnage-dues shall be payable on boats employed by British subjects in the conveyance of passengers, baggage, letters, articles of provision, or other articles not subject to duty, between any of the open ports. All cargo-boats, however, conveying merchandise subject to duty shall pay tonnage-dues once in six months, at the rate of four mace per register ton.
Art. XXXII. The Consuls and Superintendents of Customs shall consult together regarding the erection of beacons or lighthouses and the distribution of buoys and lightships, as occasion may demand.
Art. XXXIII.-Duties shall be paid to the bankers authorised by the Chinese Government to receive the same in its behalf, either in sycee or in foreign money, according to the assay made at Canton on the thirteenth of July, one thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
Art. XXXIV. Sets of standard weights and measures, prepared according to the standard issued to the Canton Custom-house by the Board of Revenue, shall be delivered by the Superintendent of Customs to the Consul at each port to secure uniformity and prevent confusion.
Art. XXXV.-Any British merchant vessel arriving at one of the open ports shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to take her into port. In like manner, after she has discharged all legal dues and duties and is ready to take her departure, she shall be allowed to select a pilot to conduct her out of port.
Art. XXXVI.-Whenever a British merchant vessel shall arrive off one of the open ports, the Superintendent of Customs shall depute one or more Customs officers
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to guard the ship. They shall either live in a boat of their own, or stay on board the ship, as may best suit their convenience. Their food and expenses shall be supplied them from the Custom-house, and they shall not be entitled to any fees whatever from the master or consignee. Should they violate this regulation, they shall be punished proportionately to the amount exacted.
Art. XXXVII.-Within twenty-four hours after arrival, the ship's papers, bills of lading, etc., shall be lodged in the hands of the Consul, who will within a further period of twenty-four hours report to the Superintendent of Customs the name of the ship, her registered tonnage, and the nature of her cargo. If, owing to neglect on the part of the master, the above rule is not complied with within forty-eight hours after the ship's arrival, he shall be liable to a fine of fifty taels for every day's delay; the total amount of penalty, however, shall not exceed two hundred taels.
For
The master will be responsible for the correctness of the manifest, which shall contain a full and true account of the particulars of the cargo on board. presenting a false manifest, he will subject himself to a fine of five hundred taels; but he will be allowed to correct, within twenty-four hours after delivery of it to the customs officers, any mistake he may discover in his manifest without incurring this penalty.
Art. XXXVIII.-After receiving from the Consul the report in due form, the Superintendent of Customs shall grant the vessel a permit to open hatches. If the master shall open hatches, and begin to discharge any goods, without such permission, he shall be fined five hundred taels, and the goods discharged shall be confiscated wholly. Art. XXXIX.-Any British merchant who has cargo to land or ship must apply to the Superintendent of Customs for a special permit. Cargo landed or shipped. without such permit will be liable to confiscation.
Art. XL. No transhipment from one vessel to another can be made without special permission, under pain of confiscation of the goods so transhipped.
Art. XLI.-When all dues and duties shall have been paid, the Superintendent of Customs shall give a port-clearance and the Consul shall then return the ship's papers, so that she may depart on her voyage.
Art. XLII.-With respect to articles subject, according to the tariff, to an ad valorem duty, if the British merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officer in affixing its value, then each party shall call two or three merchants to look at the goods, and the highest price at which any of these merchants would be willing to purchase them shall be assumed as the value of the goods.
Art. XLIII.-Duties shall be charged upon the net weight of each article, making a deduction for the tare, weight of congée, &c. To fix the tare of any articles, such as tea, if the British merchant cannot agree with the Custom-house officer, then each party shall choose so many chests out of every hundred, which being first weighed in gross, shall afterwards be tared, and the average tare upon these chests shall be assumed as the tare upon the whole; and upon this principle shall the tare be fixed upon other goods and packages. If there should be any other points in dispute which cannot be settled, the British merchant may appeal to his Consul, who will communicate the particulars of the case to the Superintendent of Customs, that it may be equitably arranged. But the appeal must be made within twenty-four hours or it will not be attended to. While such points are still unsettled, the Superintendent of Customs shall postpone the insertion of the same in his books.
Art. XLIV. Upon all damaged goods a fair reduction of duty shall be allowed proportionate to their deterioration. If any disputes arise, they shall be settled in the manner pointed out in the clause of this Treaty having reference to articles which pay duty ad valorem.
Art. XLV.-British merchants who may have imported merchandise into any of the open ports, and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to re-export the same, shall be entitled to make application to the Superintendent of Customs, who, in order to prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made by suitable officers, to see that the duties paid on such goods, as entered in the Custom-house books, correspond with the representations made and that the goods remain with their original marks unchanged. He shall then make a memorandum of the port-clearance
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
11
of the goods, and of the amount of duties paid, and deliver the same to the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of Customs of the other ports. All which being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, every- thing being found on examination there to correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk, and land the said goods, without being subject to the payment of any additional duty thereon. But if, on such examination, the Superintendent of Customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.
British merchants desiring to re-export duty-paid imports to a foreign country shall be entitled, on complying with the same conditions as in the case of re-exporta- tion to another port in China, to a drawback certificate, which shall be a valid tender to the Customs in payment of import or export duties.
Foreign grain brought into any port of China in a British ship, if no part thereof has been landed, may be re-exported without hindrance.
Art. XLVI. The Chinese authorities at each port shall adopt the means they may judge most proper to prevent the revenue suffering from fraud or smuggling.
Art. XLVII.-British merchant-vessels are not entitled to resort to other than the ports of trade declared open by Treaty; they are not unlawfully to enter other ports in China, or to carry on clandestine trade along the coast thereof. Any vessel violating this provision shall, with her cargo, be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.
Art. XLVIII.-If any British merchant-vessel be concerned in smuggling, the goods, whatever their value or nature, shall be subject to confiscation by the Chinese authorities, and the ship may be prohibited from trading further, and sent away as soon as her account shall have been adjusted and paid.
Art. XLIX.-All penalties enforced, or confiscations made, under this Treaty shall belong and be appropriated to the public service of the Government of China. Art. L.-All official communications addressed by the Diplomatic and Consular Agent of Her Majesty the Queen to the Chinese Authorities shall, henceforth, be writ- ten in English. They will for the present be accompanied by a Chinese version, but it is understood that, in the event of there being any difference of meaning between the English and Chinese text, the English Government will hold the sense as expressed in the English text to be the correct sense. This provision is to apply to the Treaty now negotiated, the Chinese text of which has been carefully corrected by the English original.
Art. LI. It is agreed that henceforward the character "I" (barbarian) shall not be applied to the Government or subjects of Her Britannic Majesty in any Chinese official document issued by the Chinese authorities, either in the capital or in the provinces.
Art. LII.-British ships of war coming for no hostile purpose, or being engaged in the pursuit of pirates, shall be at liberty to visit all ports within the dominions of the Emperor of China, and shall receive every facility for the purchase of pro- visions, procuring water, and, if occasion require, for the making of repairs. The commanders of such ships shall hold intercourse with the Chinese authorities on terms of equality and courtesy.
Art. LIII.-In consideration of the injury sustained by native and foreign commerce from the prevalence of piracy in the seas of China, the high contracting parties agree to concert measures for its suppression.
Art. LIV.-The British Government and its subjects are hereby confirmed in all privileges, immunities, and advantages conferred on them by previous Treaties: and it is hereby expressly stipulated that the British Government and its subjects will be allowed free and equal participation in all privileges, immunities and advantages that may have been, or may be hereafter, granted by His Majesty the Emperor of China to the Government or subjects of any other nation.
Art. LV.-In evidence of her desire for the continuance of a friendly under- standing, Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain consents to include in a Separate Article, which shall be in every respect of equal validity with the Articles of this Treaty, the condition affecting indemnity for expenses incurred and losses sustained in the matter of the Canton question.
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Art. LVI.-The ratifications of this Treaty, under the hand of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and of His Majesty the Emperor of China, rə- spectively, shall be exchanged at Peking, within a year from this day of signature.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this Treaty. Done at Tientsin, this twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight; corresponding with the Chinese date, the sixteenth day, fifth moon, of the eighth year of Hien Fung.
[L.S.]
ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
SIGNATURE OF 1st Chinese PLENIPOTENTIARY.
SIGNATURE OF 2ND CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARY.
Separate Article annexed to the Treaty concluded between Great Britain and China on the twenty-sixth day of June, in the year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-eight.
It is hereby agreed that a sum of two millions of taels, on account of the losses sus- tained by British subjects through the misconduct of the Chinese authorities at Canton, and a further sum of two millions of taels on account of the Military expenses of the ex- pedition which Her Majesty the Queen has been compelled to send out for the purpose of obtaining redress, and of enforcing the observance of Treaty provisions, shall be paid to Her Majesty's Representatives in China by the authorities of the Kwangtung Province. The necessary arrangements with respect to the time and mode of effecting these payments shall be determined by Her Majesty's Representative, in concert with the Chinese authorities of Kwangtung.
When the above amounts shall have been discharged in full, the British forces will be withdrawn from the city of Canton. Done at Tientsin this twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, corresponding with the Chinese date, the sixteenth day, fifth moon, of the eighth year of Hien Fung. [L.S.] ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
SIGNATURE OF 1ST CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARY, SIGNATURE OF 2ND CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARY,
AGREEMENT IN PURSUANCE OF ARTICLES XXVI. AND XXVIII. OF THE TREATY OF TIENTSIN *
SIGNED AT SHANGHAI, 8TH NOVEMBER, 1858
Whereas it was provided, by the Treaty of Tientsin, that a conference should be held at Shanghai between Officers deputed by the British Government on the one part and by the Chinese Government on the other part, for the purpose of determining the amount of tariff duties and transit dues to be henceforth levied, a conference has been held accordingly; and its proceedings having been submitted to the Right Honourable the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, High Commissioner and Plenipotentiary of Her Majesty the Queen on the one part; and to Kweiliang, Hwashana, Ho Kwei-tsing, Ming-shen, and Twan Ching-shih, High Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor, on the other part, these High Officers have agreed and determined upon the revised Tariff hereto appended, the rate of transit dues therewith declared, together with other Rules and Regulations for the better explana- tion of the Treaty aforesaid; and do hereby agree that the said Tariff and Rules- the latter being in ten Articles, thereto appended-shall be equally binding on the Governments and subjects to both countries with the Treaty itself.
In witness whereof they hereto affix their Seals and Signatures.
Done at Shanghai, in the province of Kiangsu, this eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, being the third day of the tenth moon of the eighth year of the reign of Hien Fung.
[L.S.]
SEAL OF CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARIES.
ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
SIGNATURES OF THE FIVE CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARIES,
*The Tariff Import has been superseded by one arranged in 1902.
THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
WITH ADDITIONAL ARTICLE THERETO FOR REGULATING THE
TRAFFIC IN OPIUM
Ratifications exchanged at London, 6th May, 1886
Agreement negotiated between Sir Thomas Wade, K.C.B., Her Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of China, and Li, Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China, Senior Grand Secretary, Governor-General of the Province of Chihli, of the First Class of the Third Order of Nobility.
The negotiation between the Ministers above named has its origin in a despatch received by Sir Thomas Wade, in the Spring of the present year, from the Earl of Derby, Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 1st January, 1876. This contained instructions regarding the disposal of three questions: first, a satis- factory settlement of the Yunnan affair; secondly, a faithful fulfilment of engagements of last year respecting intercourse between the high officers of the two Governments; thirdly, the adoption of a uniform system in satisfaction of the understanding arrived at in the month of September, 1875 (8th moon of the 1st year of the reign Kwang Su), on the subject of rectification of conditions of trade. It is to this despatch that Sir Thomas Wade has referred himself in discussions on these questions with the Tsung-li Yamên, further reference to which is here omitted as superfluous. The conditions now agreed to between Sir Thomas Wade and the Grand Secretary are as follows:-
SECTION I-Settlement of the Yünnan Case
1.-A Memorial is to be presented to the Throne, whether by the Tsung-li Yamên or by the Grand Secretary Li is immaterial, in the sense of the memorandum prepared by Sir Thomas Wade. Before presentation the Chinese text of the Memorial is to be shown to Sir Thomas Wade.
2. The Memorial having been presented to the Throne, and the Imperial Decree in reply received, the Tsung-li Yamên will communicate copies of the Memorial and Imperial decree of Sir Thomas Wade, together with copy of a letter from the Tsung-li Yamên to the Provincial Governments, instructing them to issue a proclama- tion that shall embody at length the above Memorial and Decree. Sir Thomas Wade will thereon reply to the effect that for two years to come officers will be sent by the British Minister to different places in the provinces to see that the proclamation is posted. On application from the British Minister or the Consul of any port instructed by him to make application, the high officers of the provinces will depute competent officers to accompany those so sent to the places which they go to observe.
3.-In order to the framing of such regulations as will be needed for the conduct of the frontier trade between Burmah and Yunnan, the Memorial submitting the proposed settlement of the Yünuan affair will contain a request that an Imperial Decree be issued directing the Governor-General and Governor, whenever the British Government shall send officers to Yünnan, to select a competent officer of rank to confer with them and to conclude a satisfactory arrangement.
4. The British Government will be free for five years, from the 1st January next, being the 17th day of the 11th moon of the 2nd year of the reign of Kwang Su, to station officers at Ta-li Fu, or at some other suitable place in Yünnan, to observe the conditions of trade; to the end that they may have information upon which to base the regulations of trade when these have to be discussed. For the considera- tion and adjustment of any matter affecting British officers or subjects, these officers will be free to address themselves to the authorities of the province. The opening
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THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
of the trade may be proposed by the British Government as it may find best at any time within the term of five years, or upon expiry of the term of five years.
Passports having been obtained last year for a Mission from India into Yünnan, it is open to the Viceroy of India to send such Mission at any time he may see fit.
5.-The amount of in lemnity to be paid on account of the families of the officers and others killed in Yünnan, on account of the expenses which the Yünnan case has occasioned, and on account of claims of British merchants arising out of the action of officers of the Chinese Government up to the commencement of the present year, Sir Thomas Wade takes upon himself to fix at two hundred thousand taels, payable on demand.
6.-When the case is closed an Imperial letter will be written expressing regret for what has occurred in Yünnan. The Mission bearing the Imperial letter will proceed to England immediately. Sir Thomas Wade is to be informed of the constitution of this Mission for the information of this Government. The text of the Imperial letter is also to be communicated to Sir Thomas Wade by the Tsung-li Yamên.
SECTION II.-Official Intercourse
Under this heading are included the conditions of intercourse between high officers in the capital and the provinces, and between Consular officers and Chinese officials at the ports; also the conduct of judicial proceedings in mixed cases.
1.-In the Tsung-li Yamên's Memorial of the 28th September, 1875, the Prince of Kung and the Ministers stated that their object in presenting it had not been simply the transaction of business in which Chinese and Foreigners might be con- cerned; missions abroad and the question of diplomatic intercourse lay equally with- in their prayer.
To the prevention of further misunderstanding upon the subject of intercourse and correspondence, the present conditions of both having caused complaint in the capital and in the provinces, it is agreed that the Tsung-li Yamên shall address a circular to the Legations, inviting Foreign Representatives to consider with them a code of etiquette, to the end that foreign officials in China, whether at the ports or elsewhere, may be treated with the same regard as is shown them when serving abroad in other countries and as would be shown to Chinese agents so serving abroad. The fact that China is about to establish Missions and Consulates abroad renders an understanding on these points essential.
2.-The British Treaty of 1858, Article XVI., lays down that "Chinese subjects who may be guilty of any criminal act towards British subjects shall be arrested and punished by Chinese authorities according to the laws of China.
"British subjects who may commit any crime in China shall be tried and punished by the Consul, or any other public functionary authorised thereto, accord- ing to the laws of Great Britain.
"Justice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both sides."
The words "functionary authorised thereto" are translated in the Chinese text "British Government."
In order to the fulfilment of its Treaty obligation, the British Government has established a Supreme Court at Shanghai with a special code of rules, which it is now about to revise. The Chinese Government has established at Shanghai a Mixed Court; but the officer presiding over it, either from lack of power or dread of un- popularity, constantly fails to enforce his judgments.
It is now understood that the Tsung-li Yamên will write a circular to the Lega- tion, inviting Foreign Representatives at once to consider with the Tsung-li Yamen the measures needed for the more effective administration of justice at the ports open to trade.
3. It is agreed that, whenever a crime is committed affecting the person or property of a British subject, whether in the interior or at the open ports, the British Minister shall be free to send officers to the spot to be present at the investigation.
THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
15.
To the prevention of misunderstanding on this point, Sir Thomas Wade will write a Note to the above effect, to which the Tsung-li Yamên will reply, affirming that this is the course of proceeding to be adhered to for the time to come.
It is further understood that so long as the laws of the two countries differ from each other, there can be but one principle to guide judicial proceedings in mixed cases in China, namely, that the case is tried by the official of the defendant's nationality; the official of the plaintiff's nationality merely attending to watch the proceedings in the interest of justice. If the officer so attending be dissatisfied with the proceedings, it will be in his power to protest against them in detail. The law administered will be the law of the nationality of the officer trying the case. This is the meaning of the words hui t'ung, indicating combined action in judicial proceedings, in Article XVI. of the Treaty of Tientsin; and this is the course to be respectively followed by the officers of either nationality.
SECTION III.-Trade.
1.-With reference to the area within which, according to the Treaties in force, lekin ought not to be collected on foreign goods at the open ports, Sir Thomas Wade agrees to move his Government to allow the ground rented by foreigners (the so-called Concessions) at the different ports, to be regarded as the area of exemption from lekin; and the Government of China will thereupon allow Ich'ang, in the province of Hu-pi; Wu-hu, in An-hui; Wên-chow, in Che-kiang; and Pei-hai (Pak-hoi), in Kwang-tung to be added to the number of ports open to trade and to become Consular stations. The British Government will, further, be free to send officers to reside at Chung-k'ing to watch the conditions of British trade in Szechuen ; British merchants will not be allowed to reside at Chung-k'ing, or to open establish- ments or warehouses there, so long as no steamers have access to the port. When steamers have succeeded in ascending the river so far, further arrangements can be taken into consideration.
It is further proposed as a measure of compromise that at certain points on the shore of the Great River, namely, Tat'ung and Ngan-Ching in the province of An- hui; Ho-Kou, in Kiang-si; Wu-such, Lu-chi kou, and Sha-shih in Hu-Kwang, these being all places of trade in the interior, at which, as they are not open ports, foreign merchants are not legally authorised to land or ship goods, steamers shall be allowed to touch for the purpose of landing or shipping passengers or goods; but in all instances by means of native boats only, and subject to the regulations in force affecting native trade.
Produce accompanied by a half-duty certificate may be shipped at such points by the steamers, but may not be landed by them for sale. And at all such points, except in the case of imports accompanied by a transit duty certificate or exports similarly certificated, which will be severally passed free of lekin on exhibition of such certificates, lekin will be duly collected on all goods whatever by the native authorities. Foreign merchants will not be authorised to reside or open houses of business or warehouses at the places enumerated as ports of call.
2.-At all ports open to trade, whether by earlier or later agreement at which no settlement area has been previously defined, it will be the duty of the British Consul, acting in concert with his colleagues, the Consuls of other Powers, to come to an understanding with the local authorities regarding the definition of the foreign settlement area.
3.-On Opium, Sir Thomas Wade will move his Government to sanction an arrangement different from that affecting other imports. British merchants, when opium is brought into port, will be obliged to have it taken cognisance of by the Customs, and deposited in bond, either in a warehouse or a receiving hulk, until such time as there is a sale for it. The importer will then pay the tariff duty upon it, and the purchasers the lekin, in order to the prevention of evasion of the Treaty. The amount of lekin to be collected will be decided by the different Provincial Govern- ments according to the circumstances of each.
16
THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
4. The Chinese Government agree that Transit Duty Certificates shall be framed under one rule at all ports, no difference being made in the conditions set forth therein; and that, so far as imports are concerned, the nationality of the person possessing and carrying these is immaterial. Native produce carried from an inland centre to a port of shipment, if bonâ fide intended for shipment to a foreign port, may be, by treaty, certified by the British subject interested, and exempted by payment of the half duty from all charges demanded upon it en route. If produce be not the property of a British subject, or is being carried to a port not for exportation, it is not entitled to the exemption that would be secured it by the exhibition of a transit duty certificate. The British Minister is prepared to agree with the Tsung-li Yamên upon rules that will secure the Chinese Government against abuse of the privilege as affecting produce.
The words nei-ti (inland) in the clause of Article VII. of the Rules appended to the Tariff, regarding carriage of imports inland, and of native produce purchased inland, apply as much to places on the sea coasts and river shores as to places in the interior not open to foreign trade; the Chinese Government having the right to make arrangements for the prevention of abuses thereat.
-
5.--Article XLV. of the Treaty of 1858 prescribed no limit to the term within which a drawback may be claimed upon duty-paid imports. The British Minister agrees to a term of three years, after expiry of which no drawback shall be claimed. 6. The foregoing stipulation, that certain ports are to be opened to foreign trade, and that landing and shipping of goods at six places on the Great River is to be sanctioned, shall be given effect to within six months after receipt of the Imperial Decree approving the memorial of the Grand Secretary Li. The date for giving effect to the stipulations affecting exemption of imports from lekin taxation within the for- eign settlements and the collection of lekin upon opium by the Customs Inspectorate at the same time as the Tariff Duty upon it, will be fixed as soon as the British Gov- ernment has arrived at an understanding on the subject with other foreign Governments.
7. The Governor of Hongkong having long complained of the interference of the Canton Customs Revenue Cruisers with the junk trade of that Colony, the Chinese Government agrees to the appointment of a Commission, to consist of a British Consul, an officer of the Hongkong Government, and a Chinese official of equal rank, in order to the establishment of some system that shall enable the Chinese Government to protect its revenue without preju lice to the interests of the Colony.
SEPARATE ARTICLE
Her Majesty's Government having it in contemplation to send a Mission of Exploration next year by way of Peking through Kan-sa and Koko-Nor, or by way of Ssu-chuen, to Thibet, and thence to India, the Tsung-li Yamên, having due regard to the circumstances, will, when the time arrives, issue the necessary passports, and will address letters to the high provincial authorities and to the Resident in Thibet. If the Mission should not be sent by these routes, but should be proceeding across the Indian frontier to Thibet, the Tsung-li Yamên, on receipt of a communication to the above effect from the British Minister, will write to the Chinese Resident in Thibet, and the Resident, with due regard to the circumstances, will send officers to take due care of the Mission; and passports for the Mission will be issued by the Tsung-li Yamên, that its passage be not obstructed.
Done at Chefoo, in the province of Shan-tung, this thirteenth day of September, in the year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy-six.
[L.S.]
THOMAS FRANCIS WADE.
[L.S.]
LI HUNG-CHANG.
THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
Additional Articles to the Agreement between Great Britain and China
Signed at Chefoo on the 13th September, 1876
SIGNED AT LONDON, 18TH JULY, 1885
17
The Governments of Great Britain and of China, considering that the arrange- ments proposed in Clauses 1 and 2 of Section III. of the Agreement between Great Britain and China, signed at Chefoo on the 13th September, 1876 (hereinafter referred to as the "Chefoo Agreement "), in relation to the area within which lekin ought not to be collected on foreign goods at the open ports, and to the definition of the Foreign Settlement area, require further consideration; also that the terms of Clause 3 of the same section are not sufficiently explicit to serve as an efficient regula- tion for the traffic in opium, and recognizing the desirability of placing restrictions on the consumption of opium, have agreed to the present Additional Article.
1. As regards the arrangements above referred to and proposed in Clauses 1 and 2 of Section III. of the Chefoo Agreement, it is agreed that they shall be reserved for further consideration between the two Governments.
2. In lieu of the arrangement respecting opium proposed in Clause 3 of Section II. of the Chefoo Agreement, it is agreed that foreign opium, when imported into China, shall be taken cognizance of by the Imperial Maritime Customs, and shall be deposited in bond, either in warehouses or receiving-hulks which have been approved of by the Customs, and that it shall not be removed thence until there shall have been paid to the Customs the Tariff duty of 30 taels per chest of 100 catties, and also a sum not exceeding 80 taels per like chest as lekin.
3.-It is agreed that the aforesaid import and lekin duties having been paid, the owner shall be allowed to have the opium repacked in bond under the supervision of the Customs, and put into packages of such assorted sizes as he may select from such sizes as shall have been agreed upon by the Customs authorities and British Consul at the port of entry.
The Customs shall then, if required, issue gratuitously to the owner a transit cer- tificate for each such package, or one for any number of packages, at option of the owner.
Such certificates shall free the opium to which it applies from the imposition of any further tax or duty whilst in transport in the interior, provided that the package has not been opened, and that the Customs seals, marks, and numbers on the packages have not been effaced or tampered with.
Such certificate shall have validity only in the hands of Chinese subjects, and shall not entitle foreigners to convey or accompany any opium in which they may be interested into the interior.
4. It is agreed that the Regulations under which the said certificates are to be issued shall be the same for all the ports, and that the form shall be as follows:-
Opium Transit Certificate.
66
"This is to certify that Tariff and lekin duties at the rate of -taels per chest of 100 catties have been paid on the opium marked and numbered as under; and that, in conformity with the Additional Article signed at London the 18th July, 1885, and appended to the Agreement between Great Britain and China signed at Chefoo the 13th September, 1876, and approved by the Imperial Decree printed on the back thereof, the production of this certificate will exempt the opium to which it refers, wherever it may be found, from the imposition of any further tax or duty whatever, provided that the packages are unbroken, and the Customs seals, marks, and numbers have not been effaced or tampered with.
"Mark,
X
"Port of entry,
"Date
No.
看着
00 packages
Signature of Commissioner of Customs."
5. The Chinese Government undertakes that when the packages shall have been
opened at the place of consumption, the opium shall not be subjected to any tax or
18
THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
contribution, direct or indirect, other than or in excess of such tax or contribution as is or may hereafter be levied on native opium.
In the event of such tax or contribution being calculated ad valorem, the same rate, value for value, shall be assessed on foreign and native opium, and in ascertaining for this purpose the value of foreign opium the amount paid on it for lekin at the port of entry shall be deducted from its market value.
6. It is agreed that the present Additional Article shall be considered as forming part of the Chefoo Agreement, and that it shall have the same force and validity as if it were therein inserted word for word. It shall come into operation six months after its signature, provided the ratifications have then been exchanged, or if they have not, then on the date at which such exchange takes place.
7. The arrangement respecting opium contained in the present Additional Article shall remain binding for four years, after the expiration of which period either Government may at any time give twelve months' notice of its desire to determine it, and, such notice being given, it shall terminate accordingly. It is, however, agreed that the Government of Great Britain shall have the right to terminate the same at any time should the transit certificate be found not to confer on the opium complete exemption from all taxation whatsoever whilst being carried from the port of entry to the place of consumption in the interior. In the event of the termination of the present Additional Article the arrangement with regard to opium now in force and the regulations attached to the Treaty of Tientsin shall revive.
8.-The High Contracting Parties may, by common consent, adopt any modifica-- tions of the provisions of the present Additional Article which experience may show to be desirable.
9.-It is understood that the Commissiou provided for in Clause 7 of Section III. of the Chefoo Agreement to inquire into the question of prevention of smuggling into China from Hongkong shall be appointed as soon as possible.
10.-The Chefoo Agreement, together with, and as modified by, the present Additional Article, shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at London as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the Undersigned, duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed the present Additional Article, and have affixed thereto their seals.
Done at London, in quadruplicate (two in English and two in Chinese), this 18th day of July, 1885, being the seventh day of the sixth moon, in the eleventh year of the reign of Kwang Hsu.
[L.S.]
[L.S.]
SALISBURY.
TSENG.
The Marquis Tseng to the Marquis of Salisbury.
Chinese Legation, London, 18th July, 1885
My Lord-In reply to your Lordship's note of this date, I have the honour to state that the Imperial Government accept the following as the expression of the understanding which has been come to between the Governments of Great Britain and China in regard to the Additional Article to the Chefoo Agreement relative to opium, which has been signed this day:-
1.-It is understood that it shall be competent for Her Majesty's Government at once to withdraw from this new arrangement, and to revert to the system of taxation for opium at present in operation in China, in case the Chinese Government shall fail to bring the other Treaty Powers to conform to the provisions of the said Additional Article.
2.-It is further understood that, in the event of the termination of the said Additional Article, the Chefoo Agreement, with the exception of Clause 3 of Section III., and with the modification stipulated in Clause 1 of the said Additional Article, nevertheless, remain in force.
THE OPIUM CONVENTION
Memorandum of the basis of Agreement arrived at after discussion between Mr. James Russell, Puisne Judge of Hongkong; Sir Robert Hart, K.C.M.G., Inspector- General of Customs, and Shao Taotai, Joint Commissioners for China; and Mr. Byron Brenan, Her Majesty's Consul at Tientsin, in pursuance of Article 7, Section III. of the Agreement between Great Britain and China, sigued at Chefoo on the 15th September, 1876, and of Section 9 of the Additional Article to the said Agreement, signed at London on the 18th July, 1885.
Mr. Russell undertakes that the Government of Hongkong shall submit to the Legislative Council an Ordinance for the regulation of the trade of the Colony in Raw Opium subject to conditions hereinafter set forth and providing :-
a. For the prohibition to the import and export of Opium in quantities less than 1 chest..+ b. For rendering illegal the possession of Raw Opium, its custody or control in quan-
tities less than one chest, except by the Opium Farmer.
c. That all Opium arriving in the Colony be reported to the Harbour Master, and that no Opium shall be transhipped, landed, stored or moved from one store to another, or re- exported without a permit from the Harbour Master, and notice to the Opium Farmer. d. For the keeping by Importers, Exporters, and Godown Owners, in such form as
the Governor may require, books showing the movements of Opium.
e. For taking stock of quantities in the stores, and search for deficiencies by the
Opium Farmer, and for furnishing to the Harbour Master returns of stocks. f.-For amendment of Harbour Regulations, as to the night clearances of junks.
a.
The conditions on which it is agreed to submit the Ordinance are
―
-That China arranges with Macao for the adoption of equivalent measures. b. That the Hongkong Government shall be entitlel to repeal the Ordinance if it
be found to be injurious to the Revenue or to the legitimate trade of the Colony. c.-That an Office under the Foreign Inspectorate shall be established on Chinese Territory at a convenient spot on the Kowloon side for sale of Chinese Opium Duty Certificates, which shall be freely sold to all comers, and for such quantities of Opium as they may require.
d. That Opium accompanied by such certificates, at the rate of not more than Tls. 110 per picul, shall be free from all further inposts of every sort, and have all the benefits stipulated for by the Additional Article on behalf of Opium on which duty has been paid at one of the ports of China, and that it may be made up in sealed parcels at the option of the purchaser.
e. That junks trading between Chinese ports and Hongkong and their cargoes shall not be subject to any dues or duties in excess of those leviable on junks and their cargoes trading between Chinese ports and Macao, and that no dues whatsoever shall be demanded from junks coming to Hongkong from ports in China, or pro- ceeding from Hongkong to ports in China, over and above the dues paid or payable at the ports of clearance or destination.
f.-That the Officer of the Foreign Inspectorate, who will be responsible for the management of the Kowloon Office, shall investigate and settle any complaints made by the junks trading with Hongkong against the Native Customs Revenue Stations or Cruisers in the neighbourhood, and that the Governor of Hongkong, if he deems it advisable, shall be entitled to send a Hongkong Officer to be present at and assist in the investigation and decision. If, however, they do not agree, a reference may be made to the Authorities at Peking for joint decision.
Sir Robert Hart undertakes, on behalf of himself and Shao Taotai (who was com- pelled by unavoidable circumstances to leave before the sittings of the Commission were terminated), that the Chinese Government shall agree to the above conditions.
The undersigned are of opinion that if these arrangements are fully carried out, a fairly satisfactory solution of the questions connected with the so-called "Hong. kong Blockade" will have been arrived at.
Signed in triplicate at Hongkong, this 11th day of September, 1886.
*See Ordinance 22 of 1887. †A modification allowing export in smaller quantities than one chest was subsequently agreed tɔ.
THE CHUNGKING AGREEMENT, 1890
ADDITIONAL ARTICLE TO THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN GREAT
BRITAIN AND CHINA OF SEPTEMBER 13TH, 1876
Ratifications Exchanged at Peking, 18th January, 1891
The Governments of Great Britain and China, being desirous of settling in ans amicable spirit the divergence of opinion which has arisen with respect to the First: Clause of the Third Section of the Agreement concluded at Chefoo in 1876, which stipulates that "The British Government will be free to send officers to reside at Chungking to watch the conditions of British trade in Szechuan, that British mer- chants will not be allowed to reside at Chungking, or to open establishments or warehouses there, so long as no steamers have access to the port, and that when steamers have succeeded in ascending the river so far, further arrangements can be taken into consideration," have agreed upon the following Additional Articles :-
I.-Chungking shall forthwith be declared open to trade on the same footing as any other Treaty port. British subjects shall be at liberty either to charter Chinese vessels or to provide vessels of the Chinese type for the traffic between Ichang and Chungking.
II.-Merchandise conveyed between Ichang and Chungking by the above class of vessels shall be placed on the same footing as merchandise carried by steamers between Shanghai and Ichang, and shall be dealt with in accordance with Treaty Tariff Rules, and the Yangtsze Regulations.
III.-All regulations as to the papers and flags to be carried by vessels of the above description, as to the repackage of goods for the voyage beyond Ichang and as to the general procedure to be observed by those engaged in the traffic between. Ichang and Chungking with a view to insuring convenience and security, shall be drawn up by the Superintendent of Customs at Ichang, the Taotai of the Ch'uan Tung Circuit, who is now stationed at Chungking, and the Commissioners of Customs in consultation with the British Consul, and shall be liable to any modifications that may hereafter prove to be desirable and may be agreed upon by common consent.
IV.-Chartered junks shall pay port dues at Ichang and Chungking in accord- ance with the Yangtsze Regulations; vessels of Chinese type, if and when entitled to carry the British flag, shall pay tonnage dues in accordance with Treaty Regulations. It is obligatory on both chartered junks and also vessels of Chinese type, even when the latter may be entitled to carry the British flag, to take out at the Maritime Custom-house special papers and a special flag when intended to be employed by British subjects in the transport of goods between Ichang and Chungking, and without such papers and flag no vessels of either class shall be allowed the privileges and immunities granted under this Additional Article. Provided with special papers and flag, vessels of both classes shall be allowed to ply between the two ports, and they and their cargoes shall be dealt with in accordance with Treaty Rules and the Yangtsze Regulations. All other vessels shall be dealt with by the Native Customs. The special papers and flag issued by the Maritime Customs must alone be used by the particular vessel for which they were originally issued, and are not transferable from one vessel to- another. The use of the British flag by vessels the property of Chinese is strictly prohibited. Infringement of these Regulations will, in the first instance, render the offender liable to the penalties in force at the ports hitherto opened under Treaty,. and should the offence be subsequently repeated, the vessel's special papers and flag will be withdrawn, and the vessel herself refused permission thenceforward to trade between Ichang and Chungking.
V. When once Chinese steamers carrying cargo run to Chungking, British steamers shall in like manner have access to the said port.
!
1
THE THIBET-SIKKIM CONVENTION, 1890
21
VI.-It is agreed that the present Additional Article shall be considered as- forming part of the Chefoo Agreement, and as having the same force and validity as if it were inserted therein word for word. It shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at Peking, and it shall come into operation six months after its signature, provided the ratifications have then been exchanged, or if they have not, then ou the date at which such exchange takes place.
Done at Peking in triplicate (three in English and three in Chinese), this thirty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety, being the eleventh day of the Second Intercalary Moon of the sixteenth year of Kuang Hsü.
[L.S.] JOHN WALSHAM.
[L.S.] SIGNATURE OF CHINESE
PLENIPOTENTIARY.
THE THIBET-SIKKIM CONVENTION, 1890
Ratified in London, 17th August, 1890
Art. I. The boundary of Sikkim and Thibet shall be the crest of the mountain range separating the waters flowing into the Sikkim Teesta and its affluents from the waters flowing into the Thibetan Machu and northwards into other rivers of Thibet. The line commences at Mount Gipmochi on the Bhutan frontier, and follows the above-mentioned water-parting to the point where it meets Nepaul territory. Art. II. It is admitted that the British Government, whose protectorate over the Sikkim State is hereby recognised, has direct and exclusive control over the internal administration and foreign relations of that State, and except through and with the permission of the British Government neither the ruler of the State nor any of its officers shall have official relations of any kiud, formal or informal, with any other country.
Art. III.-The Government of Great Britain and Ireland and the Government of China engage reciprocally to respect the boundary as defined in Article I. and to prevent acts of aggression from their respective sides of the frontier.
Art. IV. The question of providing increased facilities for trade across the Sikkim-Thibet frontier will hereafter be discussed with a view to a mutually satisfactory arrangement by the high contracting Powers.
Art. V.-The question of pasturage on the Sikkim side of the frontier is reserved for further examination and future adjustment.
Art. VI.-The high contracting Powers reserve for discussion and arrangement the method in which official communications between the British authorities in India and the authorities in Thibet shall be conducted.
Art. VII. Two Joint Commissioners shall within six months from the ratifica- tion of this Convention be appointed, one by the British Government in India, the other by the Chinese Resident in Thibet. The said Commissioners shall meet and discuss the questions which by the last three preceding articles have been reserved.
Art. VIII. The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in London, as soon as possible after the date of the signature thereof.
THE BURMAH CONVENTION
SIGNED AT PEKING, 4TH FEBRUARY, 1897
In consideration of the Government of Great Britain consenting to waive its objections to the alienation by China, by the Convention with France of June 20th. 1895, of territory forming a portion of Kiang Hung, in derogation of the provision
22
THE BURMAH CONVENTION
of the Convention between Great Britain and China of March 1st, 1894, it has been agreed between the Governments of Great Britain and China that the following additions and alterations shall be made in the last-named Convention, hereinafter referred to as the Original Convention.
(Articles I. to XI. refer to the Burmah Frontier and trade across it between Burma and Yunnan.)
Art. XII. (Providing for the free navigation of the Irrawady by Chinese vessels). Add as follows:- The Chinese Government agree hereafter to consider whether the conditions of trade justify the construction of railways in Yunnan, and in the event of their construction, agrees to connect them with the Burmese lines.
Art. XIII. Whereas by the Original Convention it was agreed that China might appoint a Consul in Burmah to reside at Rangoon, and that Great Britain night appoint a Consul to reside at Manwyne, and that the Consuls of the two Governments should each within the territories of the other enjoy the same privileges and immunities as the Consuls of the most favoured nation, and further that in proportion as the commerce between Burmah and China increased, additional Consuls might be appointed by mutual consent to reside at such places in Burmah and Yunnan as the requirements of trade might seem to demand.
It has now been agreed that the Government of Great Britain may station a Consul at Momein or Shunning Fu as the Government of Great Britain may prefer, instead of at Manwyne as stipulated in the Original Convention, and also to station a Consul at Szumao.
British subjects and persons under British protection may establish themselves and trade at these places un ler the same conditions as at the Treaty Ports in China.
The Consuls appointed as above shall be on the same footing as regards correspondence and intercourse with Chinese officials as the British Consuls at the Treaty Ports.
Art. XIV. (Providing for issue of passports by the Consuls on each side of the frontier).-Instead of "Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at Manwyne" in the Original Convention read "Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at Shunning or Momein," " in accordance with the change made in Article XIII.
6
Failing agreement as to the terms of revision the present arrangement shall remain in force.
SPECIAL ARTICLE.
Whereas on the twentieth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, the Tsung-li Yamén addressed an official despatch to Her Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires at Peking, informing him that on the thirtieth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, they had submitted a Memorial respecting the opening of ports on the West River to foreign trade, and had received an Imperial Decree in approval of which they officially communicated a copy.
It has now been agreed that the following places, namely, Wuchow Fu in Kwangsi, and Samshui city and Bongkun Market in Kwangtung, shall be opened as Treaty Ports and Consular Stations with freedom of navigation for steamers between Samshui and Wuchow and Hongkong and Canton by a route from each of these latter places to be selected and notified in advance by the Maritime Customs, and that the following four places shall be established as ports of call for goods and passengers under the same regulations as the ports of call on the Yangtsze River, namely, Kongmoon, Kamchuk, Shiuhing and Takhing.
It is agreed that the present Agreement, together with the Special Article, shall come into force within four months of the date of signature, and that the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Peking as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments have signed the present agreement.
KOWLOON EXTENSION AGREEMENT, 1898
23:
Done at Peking in triplicate (three copies in English and three in Chinese), the fourth day of February in the Year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven.
(Sd.)
CLAUDE M. MACDONALD.
(Hieroglyphic) LI HUNG-CHANG
(Seal) (Seal)
KOWLOON EXTENSION AGREEMENT, 1898
Whereas it has for many years past been recognised that an extension of Hong- kong territory is necessary for the proper defence and protection of the Colony,
It has now been agreed between the Governments of Great Britain and China that the limits of British territory shall be enlarged under lease to the extent indicated generally on the annexed map.
The exact boundaries shall be hereafter fixed when proper surveys have been made by officials appointed by the two Governments. The term of this lease shall be ninety-nine years.
It is at the same time agreed that within the City of Kowloon the Chinese officials now stationed there shall continue to exercise jurisdiction, except so far as may be inconsistent with the military requirements for the defence of Hongkong. Within the remainder of the newly-leased territory Great Britain shall have sole jurisdiction. Chinese officials and people shall be allowed, as heretofore, to use the road from Kowloon to Hsinan,
It is further agreed that the existing landing-place near Kowloon city shall be reserved for the convenience of Chinese men-of-war, merchant and passengers vessels, which may come and go and lie there at their pleasure; and for the convenience of movements of the officials and people within the city.
When, hereafter, China constructs a railway to the boundary of the Kowloon territory under British control, arrangements shall be discussed.
It is further understood that there will be no expropriation or expulsion of the inhabitants of the district included within the extension, and that if land is required for public offices, fortifications, or the like official purposes, it shall be bought at a fair price.
If cases of extradition of criminals occur they shall be dealt with in accordance with the existing treaties between Great Britain and China and the Hongkong Regulations.
The area leased by Great Britain includes the waters of Mirs Bay and Deep Bay, but it is agreed that Chinese vessels of war, whether neutral or otherwise, shall retain the right to use those waters.
This Convention shall come into force on the first day of July, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, being the thirteenth day of the fifth moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kwang Hsü. It shall be ratified by the Sovereigns of the two countries, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in London as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed the present agreement.
Done at Peking in quadruplicate (four copies in English and in Chinese) the ninth day of June, in the year of Our Lord eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, being: the twenty-first day of the fourth moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kwang Hsü.
CLAUDE M. MACDONALD.
LI HUNG-CHANG,
"
Members of
HSU TING KUEI, Tsung-li Yamên,
THE WEIHAIWEI CONVENTION, 1898
Ratifications exchanged in London, 5th October, 1898
In order to provide Great Britain with a suitable naval harbour in North China, and for the better protection of British commerce in the neighbouring seas, the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to lease to the Government of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Weihaiwei, in the province of Shantung, and the adjacent waters for so long a period as Port Arthur shall remain in the occupation of Russia.
The territory leased shall comprise the island of Liukung and all other islands in the Bay of Weihaiwei, and a belt of land ten English miles wide along the entire coast line of the Bay of Weihaiwei. Within the above-mentioned territory leased Great Britain shall have sole jurisdiction.
Great Britain shall have, in addition, the right to erect fortifications, station troops, or take any other measures necessary for defensive purposes, at any points on or near the coast of the region east of the meridian 121 degrees 40 min. E. of Green- wich, and to acquire on equitable compensation within that territory such sites as may be necessary for water supply, communications, and hospitals. Within that zone Chinese administration will not be interfered with, but no troops other than Chinese or British shall be allowed therein.
It is also agreed that within the walled city of Weihaiwei Chinese officials shall continue to exercise jurisdiction, except so far as may be inconsistent with naval and military requirements for the defence of the territory leased.
It is further agreed that Chinese vessels of war, whether neutral or otherwise, shall retain the right to use the waters herein leased to Great Britain.
It is further understood that there will be no expropriation or expulsion of the inhabitants of the territory herein specified, and that if land is required for forti- fications, public offices, or any official or public purpose, it shall be bought at a fair price.
This Convention shall come into force on signature. It shall be ratified by the Sovereigns of the two countries, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in London as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed the present agreement.
CLAUDE M. MACDONALD.
PRINCE CHING, Senior Member of the Tsung-li Yamên.
LIAO SHOU HENG, President of Board of Punishments.
Done at Peking in quadruplicate (four copies in English and four in Chinese) the first day of July, in the year of Our Lord eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, being the thirteenth day of the fifth moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kuang Hsü.
SUPPLEMENTARY COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA-
SIGNED AT SHANGHAI, 5TH SEPTEMBER, 1902
Ratifications exchanged at Peking, 28th July, 1903.
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Em- peror of China, having resolved to enter into negotiations with a view to carrying out the provisions contained in Article XI. of the Final Protocol signed at Peking on the 7th of September, 1901, under which the Chinese Government agreed to negotiate the amendments deemed useful by the Foreign Governments to the Treaties of Commerce and Navigation and other subjects concerning commercial relations with the object of facilitating them, have for that purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:-
His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland, His Majesty's Special Com- missioner, Sir James Lyle Mackay, Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, a member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India, etc.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, the Imperial Commissioners Lü Hai-huan, President of the Board of Public Works, etc., and Sheng Hsuan-huai, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works, etc.
Who having communicated to each other their respective full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles :-
Art. I.-Delay having occurred in the past in the issue of Drawback Certificates owing to the fact that those documents have to be dealt with by the Superintendent of Customs at a distance from the Customs Office, it is now agreed that Drawback Certificates shall hereafter in all cases be issued by the Imperial Maritime Customs within three weeks of the presentation to the Customs of the papers entitling the applicant to receive such Drawback Certificates.
These Certificates shall be valid tender to the Customs Authorities in payment of any duty upon goods imported or exported (transit dues excepted), or shall, in the case of Drawbacks on foreign goods re-exported abroad within three years from the date of importation, be payable in cash without deduction by the Customs Bank at the place where the import duty was paid.
But if, in connection with any application for a Drawback Certificate, the Customs Authorities discover an attempt to defraud the revenue, the applicant shall be liable to a fine not exceeding five times the amount of the duty whereof he attempted to defraud the Customs, or to a confiscation of the goods.
Art. II.-China agrees to take the necessary steps to provide for a uniform national coinage which shall be legal tender in payment of all duties, taxes and other obligations throughout the Empire by British as well as Chinese subjects.
Art. III.-China agrees that the duties and lekin combined levied on goods carried by junks from Hongkong to the Treaty Ports in the Canton Province and vice versa shall together not be less than the duties charged by the Imperial Maritime Customs on similar goods carried by steamer.
Art. IV.-Whereas questions have arisen in the past concerning the right of Chinese subjects to invest money in non-Chinese enterprises and companies, and whereas it is a matter of common knowledge that large sums of Chinese capital are so invested, China hereby agrees to recognise the legality of all such investments past, present and future.
26
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
It being, moreover, of the utmost importance that all shareholders in a Joint Stock Company should stand on a footing of perfect equality as far as mutual obligations are concerned, China further agrees that Chinese subjects who have or may become shareholders in any British Joint Stock Company shall be held to have accepted, by the very act of becoming shareholders, the Charter of Incorporation or Memorandum and Articles of Association of such Company and regulations framed thereunder as interpreted by British Courts, and that Chinese Courts shall enforce compliance there- with by such Chinese shareholders, if a suit to that effect be entered, provided always that their liability shall not be other or greater than that of British shareholders in the same Company.
Similarly the British Government agree that British subjects investing in Chinese Companies shall be under the same obligations as the Chinese shareholders in such companies.
The foregoing shall not apply to cases which have already been before the Courts and been dismissed.
A:t. V. The Chinese Government undertakes to remove within the next two years the artificial obstructions to navigation in the Canton River. The Chinese Government also agree to improve the accommodation for shipping in the harbour of Canton and to take the necessary steps to maintain that improvement, such work to be carried out by the Imperial Maritime Customs and the cost thereof to be defrayed by a tax on goods landed and shipped by British and Chinese alike according to a scale to be arranged between the merchants and the Customs Authorities.
The Chinese Government are aware of the desirability of improving the naviga- bility by steamer of the waterway between Ichang and Chungking, but are also fully aware that such improvement might involve heavy expense and would affect the interests of the population of the provinces of Szechuen, Hunan, and Hupeh. It is, therefore, mutually agreed that until improvements can be carried out steamship owners shall be allowed, subject to approval by the Imperial Maritime Customs, to erect, at their own expense, appliances for hauling through the rapids. Such appliances shall be at the disposal of all vessels, both steamers and junks, subject to regulations to be drawn up by the Imperial Maritime Customs. These appliances shall not obstruct the waterway or interfere with the free passage of junks. Signal stations and channel marks where and when necessary shall be erected by the Imperial Maritime Customs. Should any practical scheme be presented for improv- ing the waterway and assisting navigation without injury to the local population or cost to the Chinese Government, it shall be considered by the latter in a friendly spirit.
Art. VI. The Chinese Government agree to make arrangements to give increased facilities at the open ports for bonding and for repacking merchandise in bond, and, on official representation being made by the British Authorities, to grant the privi- leges of a bonded warehouse to any warehouse which, to the satisfaction of the Customs Authorities, affords the necessary security to the revenue.
Such warehouses will be subject to regulations, including a scale of fees according to cominodities, distance from Custom-house and hours of working, to be drawn up by the Customs Authorities who will meet the convenience of merchants so far as is compatible with the protection of the revenue.
Art. VII.-Inasinuch as the British Government affords protection to Chinese trade marks against infringement, imitation, or colourablé imitation by British subjects, the Chinese Government undertake to afford protection to British trade marks against infringement, imitation, or colourable imitation by Chinese subjects.
The Chinese Government further undertake that the Superintendents of Northern and of Southern trade shall establish offices within their respective jurisdictions under .control of the Imperial Maritime Customs where foreign trade marks may be registered on payment of a reasonable fee.
Art. VIII.-Preamble. The Chinese Government, recognising that the system of levying lekin and other dues on goods at the place of production, in transit, and at
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
27
destination, impedes the free circulation of commodities and injures the interests of trade, hereby undertake to discard completely those means of raising revenue with the limitation mentioned in Section 8.
The British Government, in return, consent to allow a surtax, in excess of the Tariff rates for the time being in force, to be imposed on foreign goods imported by British subjects, and a surtax in addition to the export duty on Chinese produce destined for export abroad or coastwise.
It is clearly understood that after lekin barriers and other stations for taxing goods in transit have been removed, no attempt shall be made to revive them in any form or under any pretext whatsoever; that in no case shall the surtax on foreign imports exceed the equivalent of one and a half times the import duty leviable in terms of the Final Protocol signed by China and the Powers on the 7th day of Sep- tember, 1901; that payment of the import duty and surtax shall secure for foreign imports, whether in the hands of Chinese or non-Chinese subjects, in original packages or otherwise, complete immunity from all other taxation, examination or delay; that the total amount of taxation leviable on native produce for export abroad shall, under no circumstances, exceed 7 per cent. ad valorem.
Keeping these fundamental principles steadily in view, the high contracting parties have agreed upon the following methods of procedure:-
Section 1.-The Chinese Government undertake that all barriers of whatsoever kind, collecting lekin or such like dues or duties, shall be permanently abolished on all roads, railways, and waterways in the Eighteen Provinces of China and the Three Eastern Provinces. This provision does not apply to the Native Custom-houses at present in existence on the seaboard or waterways, at open ports, on land routes, and on land frontiers of China.
Section 2.-The British Government agree that foreign goods on importation, in addition to the effective 5 per cent. import duty as provided for in the Protocol of 1901, shall pay a special surtax equivalent to one and a half times the said duty to com- pensate for the abolition of lekin, of transit dues in lieu of lekin, and of all other taxation on foreign goods, and in consideration of the other reforms provided for in this Article; but this provision shall not impair the right of China to tax salt, native opium and native produce as provided for in Sections 3, 5, 6 and 8.
The same amount of surtax shall be levied on goods imported into the Eighteen Provinces of China and the Three Eastern Provinces across the land frontiers as ou goods entering China by sea.
Section 3.-All Native Custom-houses now existing, whether at the Open Ports, on the seaboard, on rivers, inland waterways, land routes or land frontiers, as enumerated in the Hu Pu and Kung Pu Tse Li (Regulations of the Boards of Revenue and Works) and Ta Ch'ing Hui Tien (Dynastic Institutes), may remain; a list of the same, with their location, shall be furnished to the British Government, for purposes of record.
Wherever there are Imperial Maritime Custom-houses, or wherever such may be hereafter placed, Native Custom-houses may be also established; as well as at any points either on the seaboard or land frontiers.
The location of Native Custom-houses in the Interior may be changed as the circumstances of trade seem to require, but any change must be communicated to the British Government, so that the list may be corrected; the originally statel number of them shall not, however, be exceeded.
Goods carried by junks or sailing-vessels trading to or from open ports shall not pay lower duties than the combined duties and surtax on similar cargo carried by steamers.
Native produce, when transported from one place to another in the interior, shall, on arrival at the first Native Custom-house, after leaving the place of production, pay duty equivalent to the export surtax mentioned in Section 7.
When this duty has been paid, a certificate shall be given which shall describe the nature of the goods, weight, number of packages, etc., amount of duty paid and intended destination. This certificate, which shall be valid for a fixed period of not
28
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
less than one year from date of payment of duty, shall free the goods from all taxation, examination, delay, or stoppage at any other Native Custom-houses passed en route.
If the goods are taken to a place not in the foreign settlements or concessions of an open port, for local use, they become there liable to the Consumption Tax described in Section 8.
If the goods are shipped from an open port, the certificate is to be accepted by the Custom-house concerned, in lieu of the export surtax mentioned in Section 7.
Junks, boats, or carts shall not be subjected to any taxation beyond a small and reasonable charge, paid periodically at a fixed annual rate. This does not exclude the right to levy, as at present, tonnage (Chuan Chao) and port dues (Chuan Liao) on junks.
Section 4.-Foreign opium duty and present lekin-which latter will now become a surtax in lieu of lekin-shall remain as provided for by existing Treaties.
Section 5.-The British Government have no intention whatever of interfering with China's right to tax native opium, but it is essential to declare that, in her arrangements for levying such taxation, China will not subject other goods to taxation, delay, or stoppage.
China is free to retain at important points on the borders of each province-either on land or water-offices for collecting duty on native opium, where duties or contribu- tions leviable shall be paid in one lump sum; which payment shall cover taxation of all kinds within that province. Each cake of opium will have a stamp affixed as evidence of duty payment. Excise officers and police may be employed in connection with these offices; but no barriers or other obstructions are to be erected, and the excise officers or police of these offices shall not stop or molest any other kinds of goods, or collect taxes thereon.
A list of these offices shall be drawn up and communicated to the British Govern- ment for record.
Section 6.-Lekin on salt is hereby abolished and the amount of said lekin and of other taxes and contributions shall be added to the salt duty, which shall be collected at place of production or at first station after entering the province where it is to be consumed.
The Chinese Government shall be at liberty to establish salt reporting offices at which boats conveying salt which is being moved under salt passes or certificates may be required to stop for purposes of examination and to have their certificates viséď, but at such offices no lekin or transit taxation shall be levied and no barriers or obstructions of any kind shall be erected.
Section 7.-The Chinese Government may re-cast the Export Tariff with specific duties as far as practicable on a scale not exceeding five per cent. ad valorem; but existing export duties shall not be raised until at least six months' notice has been given.
In cases where existing export duties are above five per cent. they shall be reduced to not more than that rate.
An additional special surtax of one half the export duty payable for the time being, in lieu of internal taxation and lekin, may be levied at time of export on goods exported either to foreign countries or coastwise.
In the case of silk, whether hand or filature reeled, the total export duty shall not exceed a specific rate equivalent to not more than five per cent. ad valorem. Half of this specific duty may be levied at the first Native Custom-house in the interior which the silk may pass and in such case a certificate shall be given as provided for in Section 3, and will be accepted by the Custom-house concerned at place of export in lieu of half the export duty. Cocoons passing Native Custom-houses shall be liable to no taxation whatever. Silk not exported but consumed in China is liable to the Con- sumption Tax mentioned in Section 8.
Section 8.-The abolition of the lekin system in China and the abandonment of all other kinds of internal taxation on foreign imports and on exports will diminish the revenue materially. The surtax on foreign imports and exports and on coastwise exports is intended to compensate in a measure for this loss of revenue, but there
*
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
29
remains the loss of lekin revenue on internal trade to be met, and it is therefore agreed that the Chinese Government are at liberty to impose a Consumption Tax on articles of Chinese origin not intended for export.
This tax shall be levied only at places of consumption and not on goods while in transit, and the Chinese Government solemnly undertake that the arrangements which they may make for its collection shall in no way interfere with foreign goods or with native goods for export. The fact of goods being of foreign origin shall of itself free them from all taxation, delay, or stoppage, after having passed the Custom-house.
Foreign goods which bear a similarity to native goods shall be furnished by the Custom-house, if required by the owner, with a protective certificate for each package, on payment of import duty and surtax, to prevent the risk of any dispute in the interior.
Native goods brought by junks to open ports, if intended for local consumption- : irrespective of the nationality of the owner of the goods-shall be reported at the
Native Custom-house only, where the consumption tax may be levied.
China is at liberty to fix the amount of this (consumption) tax, which may vary according to the nature of the merchandise concerned, that is to say, according as the articles are necessaries of life or luxuries; but it shall be levied at a uniform rate on goods of the same description, no matter whether carried by junk, sailing-vessel, or - steamer. As mentioned in Section 3, the Consumption Tax is not to be levied within
foreign settlements or concessions.
Section 9.-An excise equivalent to double the import duty as laid down in the Protocol of 1901 is to be charged on all machine-made yarn and cloth manufactured in China, whether by foreigners at the open ports or by Chinese anywhere in China.
A rebate of the import duty and two-thirds of the import surtax is to be given on raw cotton imported from foreign countries, and of all duties, including Consump- tion Tax, paid on Chinese raw cotton used in mills in China.
Chinese machine-made yarn or cloth having paid excise is to be free of Export Duty, Export Surtax, Coast Trade Duty, and Consumption Tax. This Excise is to be collected through the Imperial Maritime Customs.
The same principle and procedure are to be applied to all other products of foreign type turned out by machinery, whether by foreigners at the open ports or by Chinese anywhere in China.
This stipulation is not to apply to the out-turn of the Hanyang and Ta Yeh Iron Works in Hupeh and other similar existing Government Works at present exempt from -taxation; or to that of Arsenals, Government Dockyards, or establishments of that
nature for Government purposes which may hereafter be erected.
Section 10.-A member or members of the Imperial Maritime Customs Foreign Staff shall be selected by each of the Governors-General and Governors, and appointed, in consultation with the Inspector-General of Imperial Maritime Customs, to each pro- vince for duty in connection with Native Customs affairs, Consumption Tax, Salt and Native Opium Taxes. These officers shall exercise an efficient supervision of the work- ing of these departments, and in the event of their reporting any case of abuse, illegal exaction, obstruction to the movement of goods, or other cause of complaint, the Governor-General or Governor concerned will take immediate steps to put an end to
same.
Section 11.-Cases where illegal action as described in this Article is complained of shall be promptly investigated by an officer of the Chinese Government of sufficiently high rank, in conjunction with a British officer and an officer of the Imperial Maritime Customs, each of sufficient standing; and in the event of its being found by a majority of the investigating officers that the complaint is well founded and loss has been incurred, due compensation is to be at once paid from the Surtax funds, through the Imperial Maritime Customs at the nearest open port. The High Provincial Officials are to be held responsible that the officer guilty of the illegal action shall be severely punished and removed from his post.
If the complaint turns out to be without foundation, complainant shall be held responsible for the expenses of the investigation.
20
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
His Britannic Majesty's Minister will have the right to demand investigation where from the evidence before him he is satisfied that illegal exactions or obstructions have occurred.
Section 12.-The Chinese Government agree to open to foreign trade, on the same footing as the places opened to foreign trade by the Treaties of Nanking and Tientsin, the following places, namely:--
Changsha in Hunan;
Wanhsien in Szechuen; Nganking in Anhui;
Waichow (Hui-chow) in Kwangtung; and
Kongmoon (Chiang-mên) in Kwangtung.
Foreigners residing in these open ports are to observe the Municipal and Police- Regulations on the same footing as Chinese residents, and they are not to be entitled to establish Municipalities and Police of their own within the limits of these Treaty Ports except with the consent of the Chinese authorities.
If this Article does not come into operation the right to demand under it the opening of these ports, with the exception of Kongmoon, which is provided for in Article 10, shall lapse.
Section 13.-Subject to the provisions of Section 14, the arrangements provided for in this Article are to come into force on 1st January, 1904.
By that date all lekin barriers shall be removed and officials employed in the collection of taxes and dues prohibited by this Article shall be removed from their posts.
Section 14.-The condition on which the Chinese Government enter into the present engagement is that all Powers entitled to most favoured nation treatment in China enter into the same engagements as Great Britain with regard to the payment of surtaxes and other obligations imposed by this Article on His Britannic Majesty's Government and subjects.
The conditions on which His Britannic Majesty's Government enter into the present engagement are:
(1.) That all Powers who are now or who may hereafter become entitled to most favoured nation treatment in China enter into the same engagements;
(2.) And that their assent is neither directly nor indirectly made dependent on the granting by China of any political concession, or of any exclusive commercial concession.
Section 15.-Should the Powers entitled to most favoured nation treatment by China have failed to agree to enter into the engagements undertaken by Great Britain under this Article by the 1st January, 1904, then the provisions of the Article shall only come into force when all the Powers have signified their acceptance of these engagements.
Section 16.-When the abolition of lekin and other forms of internal taxation on goods as provided for in this Article has been decided upon and sanctioned, au Imperial Edict shall be published in due form on yellow paper and circulated, setting forth the abolition of all lekin taxa ion, lekin barriers and all descriptions of internal taxation on goods, except as provided for in this Article.
The Edict hall state that the Provincial High Officials are responsible that any official disregarding the letter or spirit of its injunction shall be severely punished and removed from his post.
Art. IX.-The Chinese Government, recognising that it is advantageous for the country to develop its mineral resources, and that it is desirable to attract Foreign as- well as Chinese capital to embark in mining enterprises, agree within one year from the signing of this Treaty to initiate and conclude the revision of the existing Mining Regulations. China will, with all expedition and earnestness, go into the whole- question f Mining Rules and, selecting from the rules of Great Britain, India, and other countries, regulations which seem applicable to the condition of China, she will re-cast her present Mining Rules in such a way as while promoting the interests of
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
31
Chinese subjects and not injuring in any way the sovereign rights of China, shall offer no impediment to the attraction of foreign capital, or place foreign capitalists at a greater disadvantage than they would be under generally accepted foreign regulations. Any mining concession granted after the publication of these new Rules shall be subject to their provisions.
Art. X.-Whereas in the year 1898 the Inland Waters of China were opened to all such steam vessels, native or foreign, as might be especially registered for that trade at the Treaty Ports, and whereas the Regulations dated 28th July, 1893, and Supple- mentary Rules dated September, 1898, have been found in some respects inconvenient in working, it is now mutually agreed to amend them and to annex such new Rules to this Treaty. These Rules shall remain in force until altered by mutual consent.
It is further agreed that Kongmoon shall be opened as a Treaty Port, and that, in addition to the places named in the special Article of the Burmah Convention of 4th February, 1897, British steamers shall be allowed to land or ship carro and passengers, under the same regulations as apply to the "Ports of Call" on the Yangtze River, at the following "Ports of Call": Pak Tau Hau (Pai-t'u k'ou), Lo Ting Hau (Lo-ting kou), and Do Sing (Tou-ch'êng); and to land or discharge passengers at the following ten passenger landing stages on the West River:-Yung Ki (Jung-chi), Mah Ning (Ma- ning), Kau Kong (Chiu-chiang), Kulow (Ku-lao), Wing On (Yung-an), How Lik (Houli), Luk Pu (Lu-pu), Yuet Sing (Yüeh-ch'eng), Luk To (Lu-tu) and Fung Chuen (Fêng-ch'uan).
Art. XI.-His Britannic Majesty's Government agree to the prohibition of the general importation of morphia into China, on condition, however, that the Chinese Government will allow of its importation, on payment of the Tariff import duty and under special permit, by duly qualified British medical practitioners and for the use of hospitals, or by British chemists and druggists who shall only be permitted to sell it in small quantities and on receipt of a requisition signed by a duly qualified foreign medical practitioner.
The special permits above referred to will be granted to an intending importer on his signing a bond before a British Consul guaranteeing the fulfilment of these conditions. Should an importer be found guilty before a British Consul of a breach of his bond, he will not be entitled to take out another permit. Auy British subject importing morphia without a permit shall be liable to have such morphia con- fiscated.
This Article will come into operation on all other Treaty Powers agreeing to its conditions, but any morphia actually shipped before that date will not be affected by this prohibition.
The Chinese Government on their side undertake to adopt measures at once to prevent the manufacture of morphia in China.
Art. XII. China having expressed a strong desire to reform her judicial system and to bring it into accord with that of Western nations, Great Britain agrees to give every assistance to such reform, and she will also be prepared to relinquish her extra-territorial rights when she is satisfied that the state of the Chinese laws, the arrangement for their administration and other consideratio.s warrant her in so doing.
Art. XIII. The missionary question in China being, in the opinion of the Chinese Government, one requiring careful consideration, so that, if possible, troubles such as have occurred in the past may be averted in the future, Great Britain agrees to join in a Commission to investigate this question, and, if possible, to devise means for securing permanent peace between converts and non-converts, should such a Commission be formed by China and the Treaty Powers interested.
66
Art. XIV. Whereas under Rule V. appendel to the Treaty of Tientsin of 1858. British merchants are permitted to export rice and all other grain from one port of China to another under the same conditions in respect of security as copper cash," it is now agreed that in cases of expected scarcity or famine from whatsoever cause in any district, the Chinese Government shall, on giving twenty-one days' notice, be at liberty to prohibit the shipment of rice and other grain from such district.
32
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
Should any vessel specially chartered to load rice or grain previously contracted for have arrived at ber loading port prior to or on the day when a notice of prohibition. to export comes into force, she shall be allowed an extra week in which to ship her
cargo.
If during the existence of this prohibition, any shipment of rice or grain is allowed. by the authorities, the prohibition shall, ipso facto, be considered cancelled and shall not be re-imposed until six weeks' notice has been given.
When a prohibition is notified, it will be stated whether the Government have any Tribute or Army Rice which they intend to ship during the time of prohibition, and,. if so, the quantity shall be named.
Such rice shall not be included in the prohibition, and the Customs shall keep a record of any Tribute or Army Rice so shipped or landed.
The Chinese Government undertake that no rice, other than Tribute or Army Rice belonging to the Governme it, shall be shipped during the period of prohibition. Notifications of prohibitions, and of the quantities of Army or Tribute Rice for shipment shall be made by the Governors of the Province concerned.
Similarly, notifi ations of the removals of prohibitions shall be made by the same authorities.
The export of rice and other grain to foreign countries remains prohibited.
Art. XV. It is agreed that either of the High Contracting Parties to this Treaty may demand a revision of the Tariff at the end of 10 years; but if no demand be made on either side within 6 months after the end of the first 10 years, then the Tariff shall remain in force for 10 years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding 10 years, and so it shall be at the end of each successive 10 years.
Any Tariff concession which China may hereafter accord to articles of the produce or manufacture of any other State shall immediately be extended to similar articles of the produce or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's Dominions by whomsoever imported.
Treaties already existing between the United Kingdom and China shall continue in force in so far as they are not abrogated or modified by stipulations of the present Treaty.
Art. XVI. The English and Chinese Texts of the present Treaty have been care-- fully compared, but in the event of there being any difference of meaning between them, the sense as expressed in the English text shall be held to be the correct sense.
The ratifications of this Treaty, under the hand of His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland and of His Majesty the Emperor of China respectively shall be exchanged at Peking within a year from this day of signature.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this Treaty, two copies in English and two in Chinese.
Done at Shanghai this fifth day of September in the year of Our Lord, 1902, corresponding with the Chinese date, the fourth day of the eighth moon of the twenty- eighth year of Kwang Hsu.
[L.S.]
ANNEX A.-(1)
(TRANSLATION.)
JAS. L. MACKAY,
Lu, President of the Board of Works;
SHENG, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President of the Board of Works;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with questions connected with the Commercial Treaties, to
Sir JAMES MACKAY, His Britannic Majesty's Special Commissioner for the dis- cussion of Treaty matters.
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
Shanghai: K. H. XXVIII., 7th moon, 11th day.
(Received August 15, 1902)
33
We have the honour to inform you that we have received the following telegram from His Excellency Liu, Governor General of the Liang Chiang, on the subject of Clause II. mutually agreed upon by us:
"As regards this clause, it is necessary to insert therein a clear stipulation, to the "effect that, no matter what changes may take place in the future, all Customs' duties "must continue to be calculated on the basis of the existing higher rate of the Haikwan "Tael over the Treasury Tael, and that 'the touch' and weight of the former must be "made good."
As we have already arranged with you that a declaration of this kind should be embodied in an Official Note, and form an annex to the present Treaty, for purposes of record, we hereby do ourselves the honour to make this communication.
GENTLEMEN,
ANNEX A-(2)
Shanghai, August 18th, 1902.
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 14th instint forwarding copy of a telegram from His Excellency Liu, Governor-General of the Liang Chiang, on the subject of Article II. of the new Treaty, and in reply I have the honour to state that His Excellency's understanding of the Article is perfectly correct.
I presume the Chinese Government will make arrangements for the coinage of a national silver coin of such weight and touch as may be decided upon by them. These coins will be made available to the public in return for a quantity of silver bullion of equivalent weight and fineness plus the usual mintage charge.
The coins which will become the national coinage of China will be declared by the Chinese Government to be legal tender in payment cf Customs duty and in discharge of obligations contracted in Haikwan taels, but only at their proportionate value to the Haikwan tael, whatever that may be.
Their Excellencies
I have the honour to be,
Gentlemen, Your obedient Servant,
(Signed)
LU HAI-HUAN and SHENG HSUAN-HUAI,
JAS. L. MACKAY.
etc.,
etc.,
etc.
ANNEX B-(1)
(TRANSLATION)
Lu, President of the Board of Works;
SHENG, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President of the Board of Works;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with questions connected with the Commercial Treaties, to
SIR JAMES L. MACKAY, His Britannic Majesty's Special Commissioner.
Shanghai, September 2nd, 1902. We have the honour to inform you that on the 22nd of August, we, in conjunction with the Governors-General of the Liang Chiang and the Hu-kuang Provinces, Their Excellencies Liu and Chang, addressed the following telegraphic Memorial to the Throne:
64
Of the revenue of the different Provinces derived from lekin of all kinds, a "portion is appropriated for the service of the foreign loans, a portion for the Peking Government, and the balance is reserved for the local expenditure of the Provinces concerned.
2
31
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
"In the negotiations now being conducted with Great Britain for the amendment of the Commercial Treaties, a mutual arrangement has been come to providing for "the imposition of additional taxes, in compensation for the abolition of alt kinds of "lekin and other imposts on goods, prohibited by Article VIII. After payment of "interest and sinking fund on the existing foreign loan, to the extent to which lekin "is thereto pledged, these additional taxes shall be allocated to the various Provinces "to make up deficiencies and replace revenue, in order that no hardships may be "entailed on them. With a view to preserving the original intention underlying the proposal to increase the duties in compensation for the loss of revenue derive I from "lekin and other imposts on goods, it is further stipulated that the surtaxes shall not "be appropriated for other purposes, shall not form part of the Imperial Maritime "Custo:us revenue proper, and shall in no case be pledged as security for any new "foreign loan.
64
"L
"
C
"It is therefore necessary to memorialize for the issue of an Edict, giving effect to the above stipulations and directing the Board of Revenue to find out what proportion of the provincial revenues derived from lekin of all kinds, now about to be abolished, each Province has hitherto had to remit, and what proportion it "has been entitled to retain, so that, when the Article comes into operation, due "apportionment may be made accordingly, thus providing the Provinces with funds "available for local expenditure and displaying equitable and just treatment towards "all."
On the 1st instant an Imperial Decree "Let action, as requested, be taken," was issued, and we now do ourselves the honour reverently to transcribe the same for
your information.
ANNEX B-(2)
Shanghai, September 5th, 1902.
GENTLEMEN,
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 2nd instant forwarding the text of the Memorial and Decree dealing with the disposal of the
surtaxes.
I understand that the surtaxes in addition to not being pledged for any new foreign loan are not to be pledged to, or held to be security for, liabilities already contracted by China except in so far as lekin revenue has already been pledged to an existing loan.
I also understand from the Memorial that the whole of the surtaxes provided by Article VIII. of the New Treaty goes to the Provinces in proportions to be agreed upon between them and the Board of Revenue, but that out of these surtaxes each Province is obliged to remit to Peking the same contribution as that which it has hitherto remitted out of its lekin collections, and that the Provinces also provide as hitherto out of these surtaxes whatever funds may be necessary for the service of the foreign loan to which lekin is partly pledged.
I hope Your Excellencies will send me a reply to this despatch and that you will agree to this correspondence forming part of the Treaty as an Annex.
I have the honour to be,
Gentlemen,
Their Excellencies,
Your obedient servant,
(Signed) JAS. L. MACKAY.
LU HAI-HUAN and SHENG HSUAN-HUAI,
etc.,
etc.,
etc.
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
ANNEX B-(3)
(TRANSLATION)
35
Lu, President of the Board of Works;
SHENG, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President of the Board of Works;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with questions connected with the Commercial Treaties, to
SIR JAMES L. MACKAY, His Britannic Majesty's Special Commissioner.
Shanghai, September 5th, 1902.
We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of to-day's date with regard to the allocation of the surtax funds allotted to the Provinces, and to inform you that the views therein expressed are the same as our own.
We would, however, wish to point out that, were the whole amount of the alloca- tion due paid over to the Provinces, unnecessary expense would be incurred in the retransmission by them of such portions thereof as would have to be remitted to Peking in place of the contributions hitherto payable out of lekin revenue. The amount, therefore, of the allocation due to the Provinces, arranged between them and the Board of Revenue, will be retained in the hands of the Maritime Customs, who will await the instructions of the Provinces in regard to the remittance of such portion thereof as may be necessary to fulfil their obligations, and (on receipt of these instructions) will send forward the amount direct. The balance will be held to the order of the Provinces.
In so far as lekin is pledged to the service of the 1898 loan, a similar method of procedure will be adopted.
As you request that this correspondence be annexed to the Treaty, we have the honour to state that we see no objection to this being done.
ANNEX C
INLAND WATERS STEAM NAVIGATION
ADDITIONAL RULES
1.-British steamship owners are at liberty to lease warehouses and jetties on the banks of waterways from Chinese subjects for a term not exceeding 25 years, with option of renewal on terms to be mutually arranged. In cases where British mer- chants are unable to secure warehouses and jetties from Chinese subjects on satis- factory terms, the local officials, after consultation with the Minister of Commerce, shall arrange to provide these on renewable lease as above mentioned at current equitable rates.
2.-Jetties shall only be erected in such positions that they will not obstruct the inland waterway or interfere with navigation, and with the sanction of the nearest Commissioner of Customs; such sanction, however, shall not be arbitrarily withheld.
3.-British merchants shall pay taxes and contributions on these warehouses and jetties on the same footing as Chinese proprietors of similar properties in the neigh- bourhood. British merchants may only employ Chinese agents and staff to reside in warehouses so leased at places touched at by steamers engaged in inland traffic to carry on their business; but British merchants may visit these places from time to time to look after their affairs. The existing rights of Chinese jurisdiction over Chinese subjects shall not by reason of this clause be diminished or interfered with in any way.
4.-Steam vessels navigating the inland waterways of China shall be responsible for loss caused to riparian proprietors by damage which they may do to the banks or works on them and for the loss which may be caused by such damage. In the event of China desiring to prohibit the use of some particular shallow waterway by
2*
33
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
launches, because there is reason to fear that the use of it by them would be likely to injure the banks and cause damage to the adjoining country, the British authorities, when appealed to, shall, if satisfied of the validity of the objection, prohibit the use of that waterway by British launches, provided that Chinese launches are also prohibited from using it.
Both Foreign and Chinese launches are prohibited from crossing dams and weirs at present in existence on inland waterways where they are likely to cause injury to such works, which would be detrimental to the water service of the local people.
5.-The main object of the British Government in desiring to see the inland waterways of China opened to steam navigation being to afford facilities for the rapid transport of both foreign and native merchandise, they undertake to offer no impedi- ment to the transfer to a Chinese company and the Chinese flag of any British steamer which may now or hereafter be employed on the inland waters of China should the owner be willing to make the transfer.
In event of a Chinese company registered under Chinese law being formed to run steamers on the inland waters of China the fact of British subjects holding shares in such a company shall not entitle the steamers to fly the British flag.
6.-Registered steamers and their tows are forbidden, just as junks have always been forbidden, to carry contraband goods. Infraction of this rule will entail the penalties prescribed in the Treaties for such an offence, and cancellation of the Inland Waters Navigation Certificate carried by the vessels, which will be prohibited from thereafter plying on inland waters.
7.-As it is desirable that the people living inland should be disturbed as little as possible by the advent of steam vessels to which they are not accustomed, inland waters not hitherto frequented by steamers shall be opened as gradually as may be convenient to merchants and only as the owners of steamers may see prospects of remunerative trade.
In cases where it is intended to run steam vessels on waterways on which such vessels have not hitherto run, intimation shall be made to the Commissioner of Customs at the nearest open port who shall report the matter to the Ministers of Commerce. The latter, in conjunction with the Governor-General or Governor of the Province, after careful consideration of all the circumstances of the case, shall at once give their approval.
8.-A registered steamer may ply within the waters of a port, or from one open port or ports to another open port or ports, or from one open port or ports of places inland, and thence back to such port or ports. She may, on making due report to the Customs, land or ship passengers or cargo at any recognised places of trade passed in the course of the voyage; but may not ply between inland places exclusively except with the consent of the Chinese Government.
9. Any cargo and passenger boats may be towed by steamers. The helmsman and crew of any boat towed shall be Chinese. All boats, irrespective of ownership, must be registered before they can proceed inland.
10. These Rules are supplementary to the Inland Steam Navigation Regulations of July and September, 1898. The latter, where untouched by the present Rules, remain in full force and effect; but the present Rules hold in the case of such of the former Regulations as the present Rules affect. The present Rules, and the Regulations of July and September, 1898, to which they are supplementary, are provisional and may be modified, as circumstances require, by mutual consent.
Done at Shanghai this fifth day of September, in the year of Our Lord, 1902, corresponding with the Chinese date, the fourth day of the eighth moon of the twenty-eighth year of Kwang Hsü,
[L.S.]
JAS. L. MACKAY.
CUSTOMS TARIFF OF CHINA
IMPORT DUTIES
Arranged in 1902 between Special Commissioners representing Great Britain and China, and subsequently accepted by the Treaty Powers
Note. If any of the articles enumerated in this Tariff are imported in dimensions exceeding those specified, the Duty is to be calculated in proportion to the measurements as defined.
Bags, Hemp
Bags, Hemp Old..
Bags, Straw.
Baking Powder :-
4 oz. bottles or tins...
Agar-agar....
Agaric, See Fungus.
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Per
Picul
\T. m. c. c. 0 3 0 0
Amber.
Catty
0 3 2 5
per picul).
Picul
1 0 0 0
Aniseed Star, 1st Quality (value Tls. 15 and over
Aniseed, Star, 2nd Quality (value under Tls. 15
per picul).
Apricot Seed
Arrowroot and Arrowroot|
Flour
Asafoetida
Asbestos Boiler Compo-
sition
Asbestos Fibre
Asbestos Millboard
Asbestos Packing, includ-
ing Sheets and Blocks. Asbestos Packing, Metal-
lic Asbestos Yarn... Awabi
Bacon and Ham.. Bags, Grass... Bags, Gunny Bags, Gunny Old
6
55
0440 0900
Value
5 p. cent.
Picul
1 0 0 0
0200
1 5 0 0 Value 5 p. cent. Thousand 1 250
J
4 2 5 0 Value
5 p. cent. Thousand 4 2 5 0 Value 5 p. cent. Thousan 1 1 2 5 0
0083 01 10
NAME OF ARTICLE,
Basins, Tin (Common)... Basins, Iron, Enamelled:
Up to 9 ins. in diame-t ter, Decorated or Un- decorated
Over 9 ins. in diameter, Agate, Blue & White, Grey or Mottled, Un- decorated
Over 9 ins. in diameter, Decorated (with Gold) Over 9 ins. diameter,
decorated Gold) Beads, Coral
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Per Gross
T. m. c. c.
0 2 5 0
Dozen
0 0 5 U
090
"2
0 17 5
"
(without
0 120
**
Catty
0 7 5 5
5 0 0 0
Beads, Cornelian
Ficul
7000
5 0 0
"
Beads, Glass, of all kinds.
Value
5 p. cent.
Beer. See Wines, etc.
3 5 0
"
Beeswax, Yellow
Picul
1 0 0 0
Belting...
Value
5 p. cent.
5000
Betel-nut Husk, Dried
Picul
0077
2 2 50
""
Betel-nut Husk, Fresh
0 0 18
3)
Betel-nut Leaves, Dried..
0 0 4 5
"J
Betel-nuts, Dried
0225
"
Betel-nuts, Fresh
0 0 18
Bezoar, Cow, Indian
Value
5 p. cent.
Biche de Mer, Black.
Ficul
1 6 0
Biche de Mer, White... Bicycle Materials
0700
Value
5 p. cent.
Bicycles
Each
3 0 0
Dozen
Birds' Nests, 1st Quality. Birds' Nest, 2nd Quality Birds' Nests, 3rd Quality.
Catty
""
Blue, Paris
Iicul
8
25
0 1 4 5
Blue, Prussian
""
12
0 2 2 3
"
"
Bones, Tiger
"
1 lb.
وو
59
3
0300
0 8 10
Books, Chinese
1 4 0 0 0450 0 15 0
1500 1 500 2500
Free.
25
>>
25
Books (Printed)
harts,
5
1 3 5 3
19
Maps, Newspapers and
Bark, Mangrove...
Bark, Plum-tree.
Bark, Yellow (for dyeing)
Bark, Yellow (Medicinal) Barley, Pearl
Picul
0070
Periodicals
Free.
0 120
Borax, Crude
Picul
0610
Value
Picul
23
p. cent. 0800 0300
Borax, Refined
1460
Braid, Llamas...
5000
Bricks, Fire....
Value
5p cent.
38
CUSTOMS TARIFF
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTI.
NAME OF ARTICLE.
Per
T. m. c. c.
TARIFF UNit and DutyY.
\T. m. c. c.
Per
Bronze Powder Butter, in tins, jars, and
other Packages
Buttons, Agate and For-
celain
Buttons, Brass, and other
Ficul
2 2 0 0
2000
"
1
"
""
12 Gross
0 0 1 0
kinds (not Jewellery)...
Gross
0 0 20
Byrrh, See Wines, etc....
Camphor..
Picul
Camphor Baroos, Clean.
Catty
Camphor Baroos, Refuse
Value
6 5 0 2045 5 p. cent.
Case of 25)
Candles, 9 oz.
Candles, 12 oz.................
Candles, 16
Other weights, duty in proportion.)
Candles, of all kinds dif-
ferently packed
packages
0 0 7 5
Canned Meats -
Bacon or ham, Sliced
lb. tins
Dried Beef, Sliced...... {
Mincemeat:
14 lbs. pails............
""
Kits, barrels and
barrels.....................
Pork and Beans Plain or with Tomato
Dczen
Dozen 11
lb. jars
Dozen
D
0077
0 14 4
0144
0100 0 1 8
Ficul
0729
6 Candles
Sauce:-
0 1 0 0
1 lb. tins
"
0 1 3 3
2
""
>>
Picul
Canes, Bamboo
Thousand
07 0 4 0 0
Canes, Coir 1 ft. long..
Picul
Canes, Coir 5
"1
long
Thousand
0200 0 3 0 0
3
و,
Potted and
Meat:
་་
+ lb. tins
Dozen
004 0
37
0075
""
08 5
Devilled
0022
0 0
2
Canned Fruits. Vegeta-
bles, etc. (all weights|
and measures approxi-
mate)
Apples
多多
""
Potted and Devilled
Poultry and Meat
combined :-
1 lb. tins
"
"
Soups and Bouilli :
2 lbs. tins
99
37
Tamales Chicken :-
Table Fruits.
Dozen 21 lb.
0 0 6 5
6
cans
}
Pie
0 0 5 7
""
Apricots Grapes Peaches Pears
Plums
Fruits.
Preserved Fruits in glass bottles, jars, cardboard or wooden boxes, in-
cluding weight of im- mediate package..
0650
lb. tins
Tongues of every des-
1
cription:-
:=
lb. tins...
"
">
11⁄2‚
""
Asparagus
Porn
Seas
Picul
Dozen
"
2 lb.
21
0 1 1 8
>
"
3
tins
"
0 0 5 4
19
0060
""
0 0 5 4
"
0054
Picul
0 5 2 5
3
All other Canned Meats,
including Game of every description, with or without Vegetables:
lb. tins
Ctring Beans Tomatoes..
All other Vegetables pre- served in tins, bottle, or jars, including weight of immediate package
Tomato Sauce and
Catsup- piat bottles
""
"
Jams and Jellies:
:
1 lb. tins, bottles, or jars
"
Milk (including Con-
densel)
{
Cream, Evaporated:-
4 dozen pints (family
size)
2 dozen quarts (hotel
size)
Dozen
29
"
Case
"
14
21
"
"
"
0042 0072
"
"
01 01 0244
"
0 0 5 1 008
""
0204 0237
0 3 3 3
•
044 5
""
05 15
""
5 4 5
"
""
0052 0063
U 1 2 0
"
0 2 1 0
"
0 3 7 0
99
0810
0054 0 0 8 7
0060 0 1 1 8
Canvas and Cotton Duck,
not
exceeding
inches wide...
Capoor Cutchery
36
Yard
Value
0 0 1 0 5 p. cent.
Case of 4 dozen 1 lb. tins
Cardamoms, Superior,
and Amomums
Picul
10 000
0 2 50
Cardamoms, Inferior, or
Grains of Paradise...
1 0 0 0
"
Cardamoms, Husk..
0 250
0 2
0260
→
1
Cards, Playing
Cassia Buis
Cassia Lignea............. Cassia Twigs
Value Picul
5 p. cent.
07 50
09 20
"
0 1 7 0
...
"
CUSTOMS TARIFF
39
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT and Duty.
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY
Cement..
Per Cask of 3 piculs.
\T. m. c. c.
Per
T. m. c. c.
Coral Beads...
Catty
0750
0 1 5 0
Coral, Broken and Refuse
0 550
Cornelian Beads
Picul
7 0 0 0 0300
Picul
0 195
Cereals and Flour
Including Barley, Maize, Millet, Oats, Paddy, Rice, Wheat, and Flour made there- from; also Buck- wheat and Buck- wheat Flour, Corn- flour and Yellow Corn Meal, Rye Flour, and Hovis Flour
But not including Ar- rowroot and Arrow- root Flour, Cracked Wheat, Germet, Ho- niny, Pearl Barley, Potato Flour, Quaker Oats, Rolled Oats, Sago and Sago Flour, Shredded Wheat, Tapioca and
Free
Free
Tapioca Flour, and
Yam Flour
Chairs, Vienna Bent-wood
Dozen
0 8 0
Charcoal
Picul
030
Cheese
Value
Chestnuts
Picul
5p. cent. 0 18 0
China-root, Whole, Sliced,
or in Cubes
Picul
0 6 5 0
Chinaware, Coarse and
Fine
Value
5 p. cent.
Chloride of Lime
Picul
Chocolate, Sweetened Cigarettes, Ist Quality (value exceeding Tls. 4.50 per 1,000 )...... Cigarettes, 2nd Quality (value not exceeding Tls. 4.50 per 1,000)
Cigars
Pound
0 3 0 0 0012
Thousand 0 5 0 0
...
""
"
Picul
*
Cinnabar
Cinnamon
Clams, Dried
Clocks of all kinds.
Value
Cloves
Picul
Cloves, Mother
Coal, Asiatic
Ton
Coal, other kinds
Cochineal
55
Coal, Asiatic, Briquetts
Cockle, Dried..
*"
Value Picul
"9
وو
0 0 90 0500 3 7 5 0 4000 0 5 5 0 15 p. cent.
0630 0360 025 0 0 6 0 0
0500
5 p. cent.
0 500
0 5 0 0
3600
Cockles, Fresh
Cocoa
Coffee
.....
"
oir Canes, 1 ft. long
1 0 0 0 0 200
Coir C'anes,
ft. long
Coke, Asiatic
Coke, other kinds
Compoy
Coral
Thousand Ton
وو
03 00 0500 0900
Picul 2000
.......
Catty
110
Cornelian Stones, Rough Hundred Corundum Sand.......................
Cotton Piece Goods :-
Grey Shirtings or Sheetings not ex- ceeding 40 ins. wide and not exceeding 40 yds. long:
a. Weight 7b.and under b. Over 7 lb. and not
over 9 lb.....
c. Over 9lb. and not
over 11 lb.
d. Over 11 lb.
Imitation Native Cot-!
ton Cloth (handmade) Grey or Bleached : a. Not exceeding 20 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 20 yds. long weight 3 pounds and under..
b. Exceeding 20 ins.
wide
White Shirtings, White Irishes, White Sheet- ings, White Brocades, and White Striped or potted Shirtings: not exceeding 37 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 42 yds. long Drills, Grey or White not exceeding 31 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 40yds.long :
a. Weight 124 lb. and
under.
b. Weight over 12 lb. Jeans, Grey or White: a. Not exceeding 3.1 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 30 yds. long b. Not exceeding 31 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 4 yds. long
T-Cloths,
White:
...
Grey
or
a. Not exceeding 31 ins. wi le and not exceed- ing 24 yds. long b. Not exceeding 3 ins. wide and exceeding 21 yds. but not ex- ceeding 40 yds. long.. c. Exceeding 34 ins. but!
not exceeding 37 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 24 yds. long.
Piece
0 0 5 0
0 0
00
0
93
* 3
0 1 1 0
0 1 2 0
0 0 27
Value
5 p. cent.
Piece
0 1 3 5
Piece
0 1 0 0
0 1 2 5
"
""
0 9 0 0
0 1 2 0
"
0 0 7 0
39
0 1 3 5
008 0
40
CUSTOMS TARIFF
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
NAME OF ARTICLE
TARIFF UNIT and Duty
Per
T. m. c. c.
Per
T.m.c.c.
d. Printed Lenos and
Balzarines:
not ex-
Piece
0027
D
0 0 3 5
0003
"
Crimp Cloth and Crape,
Plain
a. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 6 yds. long
b. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide, exceeding 6 yds. but not exceeding 10 yds. long
c. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide but exceeding 10 yds. long
White Muslins, White Lawns, and White Cambrics: not exceed- ing 46 ins. wide and not exceeding 12 yds. long.
Mosquito Netting,
White or (oloured: not exceeding 90 ins. wide
Lenos and Balzarines'
White, Dyed or i rintTM| ed: not exceeding 33 ins. wide and not ex-| ceeding 30 yds. long.
Piece
0 0 6 0
Leno Brocades and Bal-
a. Printed
Cambrics,
Lawns or
Muslins:
zarine Brocades, Dyed Frints:
not exceeding 46 ins.
wide and not exceed-|
ing 12 yds. long
b. Printed (hintzes, Printed Crapes, Print- ed Drills, Printed Furnitures, Printed Shirtings, Printed T-Cloth including those goods known as Blue and White Painted T-Cloths, Printed Twills; but not including goods (mentioned in e .(h:)| 1. Not exceeding 20 ins.
wide
2. Exceeding 20 ins. but not exceeding 31 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 30 yds. long
c. Printed Crimp Cloth:| 1. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide and not exceed- ing i yds. long
2. Not exceeding 30 ins.
wide,exceeding 6 yds.
but not exceeding 10] vds. long
3. Not exceeding 30 ias.
wide but exceeding
I
1 yds. long
l'iece
0 0 3 2
Yard
0 0 1 0
Value
5 p. cent.
Piece
0 0 3 7
Value
5 p. cent.
Fiece
0 0 8 0
0 0 2 7
0 0 3 5
Yard
00031
ceeding 31 ins. wide and not exceeding 30 yds. long........
e. Printed Sheetings: not exceeding 36 ins. wide and not exceed-| ing 43 yds. long f. Printed Turkey Reds, of all kinds: not ex- ceeding 31 ins. wide and not exceeding 25 yds. long g. Printed Sateens, Printed Satinets, Printed Reps,Printed Cotton Lastings, in- cluding all Cotton Piece Goods which are both Dyed and Printed, except those specified in (f) and (h,) and including any special finish, such as Mercerised Finish, Schreiner Fi- nish, Gassed Finish,| silk Finish orElectric] Finish, not exceeding 32 ins. wide or 32 yds. long.. Coloured Woven Cot- tons, i.e., dyed in the Yarn except Srimp Cloth....
Silk Finish, or Elec- tric Finish: not exceeding 32 ins. wide and not exceeding 32 yds. long
h. Duplex Prints or Reversible Cretonnes. (not including those goods known as Blue and White Printed! (T- loths)
Dyed Cottons:
a. Dyed Plain Cottons. i.e., without woven or embossed figures in- cluding Plain Ita- lians, Lastings, Reps, and Ribs, and all other Dyed Plain Cottons not other- wise enumerated, and including any special finish, such as Mercerised Finish, Schreiner Finish, Gassed Finish, Silk Finish, or Electric Finish): not exceedg. 36 ins. wile aid not excee 'g. 33 yds. long
Piece
0009
0 18 0
0 1 0 0
"
وو
0 250
Value
5 p. cent.
Piece
0 2 5 0
Value
5 p. cent.
Piece
0 240
NAME OF ARTICLE.
b. Dyed Figured Cot- tons, i.e., with woven or embossed figures (including Figured Italians and Last-
ings, Figured Reps, and Figured Ribs, and all other Dyed Figure Cotton not otherwise enumerat- ed, and including any special finish, such as Mercerised Finish, Schreiner Finish, Gassed Finish, Silk Finish, or Electric Finish): not exceed- ing 36 ins, wide and not exceeding 33 yds. long
e. Dyed Crimp Cloth: 1. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide and not exceeding 6 yds. long
2. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide, exceed- ing 6 yds. but not exceeding 10 yds. long
3. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide but ex- ceeding 10 yds.long
d. Dyed Drills: not
exceeding 31
wide and not exceed-
ing 43 yds. long
CUSTOMS TARIFF
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY
Per
T. m. c. c.
Piece
0 1 5 0.
0 0 27
33
0 0 3 5
"
Yard
0003
ins.
Piece
0 17 0
e. Dyed Lenos and Bal-
zarines: not exceed-| ing 31 ins. wide and not exceeding 30 yds. long
0 0 9 0
"
Value
5 p. cent.
not
f. Dyed Leno Brocades. g. DyedMuslins, Lawns,
and Cambrics
exceeding 46 ins, wide and not exceeding 12 yds. long
h. Dyed Shirtings and Sheetings: not ex- ceeding 36 ins. wide and not exceeding 43 yds. long.... i. Hongkong-dyed Shirtings not ex- ceeding 36 ins. wide and not exceeding 20 yds. long
i. Dyed Cotton Cuts: not exceeding 36 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 5 yds. long.......
N. B.-The pro rata| rule does not apply.)]
Piece
0 0 3 7
39
0 = 50
1 0 0 0
Piece
0 0 2 2}
NAME OF ARTICLE.
k. Dyed T-Cloths in- cluding Dyed Al- pacianos), Dyed Real and Imitation Turkey Reds of all kinds; not exceeding 32ins. wide and not exceeding 25 yds. long:
1. Weight 31 lb. and
under
2. Weight over 311b Flannelettes and Cotton
Spanish Stripes:
a. Cotton Flannel, Can- ton Flannel, Swans- downs, Flannelettes, and Raised Cotton Cloths of all kinds,, Plain, Dyed, and Printed :
1. Not exceeding 36 ins. wide and not exceeding 15 yds. long.
2. Not exceeding 36 ins. wide, exceed- ing 15 yds. but not exceeding 30 yds.
long
b. Dyed Cotton Spanish]
Stripes:
1. Not exceeding 32 ins. wide and not exceeding 20 yds. long.
2. Exceeding 32 ins. but not exceeding 64 ins. wide and not exceeding 20 yds. long. Cordage, of all kinds Crimp Cloth:
...
a. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 6 yds. long..... b. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide and exceeding 6 yds., but not exceed- ing 10 yds. long
c. Not exceeding 30 ins. wide but exceeding 10 yds. long
Velvets and Velveteens, Velvet Cords, and Fus- tians:
a. Velvets and Velve-
teens: Clain:
1. Not exceeding 18
ins. wide...
2. Exceeding 18 ins.
but not exceeding 22 ins. wide 3. Exceeding 22 ins.
but not exceeding 26 ins. wide ......................
41
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Per
T. m. c. c.
Piece
0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 6 5
0 1 3 0
"
0 0 8 5
0 1 7 0 Value 5p cent.
Piece
0 0 27
0 0 3 0
Yard
0003
0 0 0 6
""
0 0 07
0 0 0 8
42
NAME OF ARTICLE.
b. Velvets and Velve-| teens, Printed or Em- bossed, not exceeding 30 ins, wide
c. Dyed Velvet Cords, Dyed Velveteen
Cords, Dyed Cordu- roys, Dyed Fustians of any description not exceeding 30 ins. wide
Blankets, Cotton, Plain, Printed or Jacquard Handkerchiefs, Cotton:
a. Plain, Dyed, or Print-
ed, not Embroidered,] Hemstitched, or Ini- tialled: not exceeding 1 yd. square...
CUSTOMS TARIFF
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Per
Per
\T. m. c. c
T. m. c. c.
Dyes,
Colours,
and
Paints:-
Aniline
Yard
0 0 1 5
Blue, Paris
Blue, Prussian... Bronze Powder Carthamin
Chrome, Yellow Cinnabar
Gambodge
Value Picul
5 p.cent.
1 5 0 0
""
Value
1 5 0 0 2200 5 p. cent.
"
Picul
3 7 5 0 2700
"
0 0 1 5
Green, Emerald
1 0 0 0
""
33
Green, Schweinfurt, or
Piece
0 0 3 0
Imitation
1 0 0 0
Indigo, Dried, Artificial
or Natural
Value
5 p. cent.
Indigo, Liquid, Artifi-
cial..
Picul
2025
"
Dozen
0020
b. All other Handker-
chiefs
Value
5 p. cent.
Singlets or Drawers, Cot-
ton.....
Dozen
0125
Socks, Cotton, including
Lisle Thread:
1st Quality, i.e. valued
Logwood Extract
at Tls. 1 or over per
Ochre
dozen pairs
Pairs
0 0 7 5
Smalt
2nd Quality, i.e. valued at less than Tls. 1 per dozen pairs
Ultramarine
Dozen
0 4 3 2
Vermilion....
Vermilion Imitation
White Zinc
Paints, Unclassed
Elephants's Teeth (other than Tusks) and Jaws,
Whole or Parts
Elephants Tusks, Whole
or Farts
Emery Cloth and Sand-
paper (sheets not ex-
Indigo, Liquid, Natural Indigo, Paste, Artificial Lead, Red, Dry or mixed
with Oil
Lead White, Dry or mixed with Oil........ Lead Yellow, Dry or
mixed with Oil.
..
.
0 2 1 5. 20 25
0450
0 45 0
"
""
""
0 4 5 0600 066 0 0
00
0500
4000
1
">
"
Value
5 p. cent.
"
**
>>
Towels, Cotton :
a. Honeycomb orHucka- back, Plan or Printed dimensions exclusive] of fringe:
1. Not exceeding 18 ins, wide and not exceeding 40 ins. long
2 Exceeding 19 ins. wide and not ex- ceeding 50ins. long. b. All other Towels.....
Cottons, Unclassed
Cotton, Raw
Cotton, Thread :-
Ball Thread, Dyed or
Undyed
On Spools, 50 yds.
"
Value
99
Picul
"
On
"
100 yds.
On
"
200 yds.
Cotton Yarn, Grey or
Bleached
Cotton Yarn, Dyed.....
Cotton Yarn, Gassed
Cotton Yarn, Cercerised!
Cotton Yarn, Wooloa or
Berlinette
Cow Bezoar, Indian
Crabs, Fresh
Crocodile (including Ar-
madillo) Scales
Currants
Cutch
Cuttle-fish
Gross
0 0 20
ceeding
144
ins.)
0 0 3 0 5 p. cent.
Emery Powder
0600
3 0 0 0 004 0 0 0 8 0
"
"
0 16 0
Picul
Value
"
Picul
Value
Picul
མ བ མ མ
09 50 5 p. cent.
"
""
3 5 0 0 5 p. cent.
0 6 0 0
2 7 2 5 0500
0 3 0 0
0 6 67
square
..
Enamelled Ironware :-
Cugs, Cups, Basins, and Bowls, 9 ins. or under in diameter, Decorated or Un- decorated Basins and Bowls, over 9 ins. in diameter, Agate, Blue and White, Grey, Cottled
-Undecorated Basins and Bowls, over 9 ins. in diameter, De- corated (with Gold)... Basins and Powls,over 9 ins. diameter, Decor- ated (without Gold) Enamelware, Unclassed...] Fans, Palm-leaf, Coarse... Fans, Palm-leaf, Fine Fans, Palm-leaf, Fancy... Fans, Paper or Cotton of
all kinds
Picul
3000
Catty
0 17 0
Ream
Value
0 250 5 p. cent.
Dozen
0 0 5 0
0 0 9 0
"
0 17 5
J
Value Thousand
0125 5 p. cent.
0 28 0
""
045 0
"
1000
1400
"
CUSTOMS TARIFF
43
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
NAME OF ARTICLE.
Fans, Silk.
Per Value
T. m. c. c. 5 p. cent.
Feathers, Kingfisher, Part
Skins (ie., Wings, Tails)
or Backs)
Hundred
0 250
Feathers,
Kingfisher,
Whole Skins
Feathers, Peacock
Value
0600 5 p. cent.
Glass, Window, Common, not Stained, Coloured, or otherwise Obscured.
Glue
Gold Thread, Imitation.
See Thread.
TARIFF UNIT and Duty.
Per Box of 100 ɛq.
T. m. c. c.
feet.
}
0 170
Picul
0 8 3 0
Ground nuts
59
Gum Arabic
Files. See Tools.
Gum Benjamin
0 1 5 0 1000
0 6 0 0
Fireclay
Picul
Firewood
0 0 1
"9
Fish, Cuttle
0 6
Gum Myrrh..
Fish, Dried or Smoked,
in bulk (including Stock-fish but not in- cluding Cuttle-fish)
Gum Olibanum
Gum Benjamin, Oil of .
Gum, Dragon's Blood
Gum Resin
Gutta-percha. See India-
Value
Picul
5 p. cent. 4000
0 4 6 5
ور
0 450
"
1 8 7
"
Fish, Fresh
Fish, Maws
Fish, Salt...
Fish, Stock
Flints
Flour. See Cereals.
Flour, Arrowroot, Potato,|
Sago, Tapioca, Yamı
Fungus, or Agaric
Fungus, White
Galangal
Gambier
Gambier False, or Cunao
(Yamroot Dye-stuff).....'
Gamboge
Gasolene or StoveNaph-
tha
Ginseng, Crude, 1st Qua- lity (value exceeding Tls, 2 per catty)......... Ginseng, Crude, 2nd Qua- lity (value not exceed- ing Tls. 2 per catty Ginseng, Clarified
Cleaned, 1st Quality (value exceeding Tls. 11| per catty)
Ginseng,
Clarified
or
0 3 1 5
rubber
0 1 3 7
""
Hair, Horse
1 4 0 0
""
4 2 5 0
Hair, Horse, Tails
2 500
"
0160
Hams
Value
""
5 p. cent.
0 3 1 5
Handkerchiefs. See Cot-
004 0
ton Piece Goods,
Hartall or Orpiment
Picul
0450
Hemp
Value
15 p. cent,
5 p. cent.
Value
Picul
1 7 1 5
Catty
0 2 5
Picul
0 17
0300
0 5 0 0
وو
Hoofs, Animal..
0 1 2 5
""
23
0 150 2700
Hops.
Value
5 p. cent.
دو
10 gallon drum
Horns, Buffalo and Cow... Horns, Deer.....
Picul
0 3 5 0
Value
5 p. cent.
0 150
Horns, Rhinoceros
Catty
2400
Hessians or Burlaps, all
weights..
1,000 Yds.
2 8 5 0
Hide Poison or Specific... Hides, Buffalo and Cow... Hollow-ware, Cast: Coat-
ed or Tinned
Value Picul
5 p. cent.
0800
Catty
0220
0072
1 1 0 0
or
Cleaned, 2nd Quality (value exceeding Tls. 6 but not exceeding Tls. 11 per catty)
Ginseng,
Clarified
"
or
Cleaned, 3rd Quality (value exceeding Tls. 2 but not exceeding Tls. 6 per catty)....
Ginseng,
larified
"
or
Cleaned, 4th Quality (value not exceeding Tls. 2 per catty)
Glass, Plate, Silvered... Glass, Plate, Unsilvered... Glass Powder (see Match- Making Materials)...... Glass, Window, Colour- ed, Stained, Ground, or obscured
0 3 7 5
008 0
""
Square foot Value
Picul Box of
100 sq. feet.
}
0025 5 p. cent.
0 1 1 0
0 3 5 0
Hosiery. See Cotton Piece
Goods (Socks).
India-rubber and Gutta- percha Articles (other than Boots and Shoes)| India-rubber and Gutta-
percha, Crude
India-rubber Boots
India-rubber Shoes
India-rubber, Old (fit only
for remanufacture)
Indigo, Dried, Artificial
or Natural
Indigo, Liquid, Artificial.. Indigo, Liquid, Natural...... Indigo, Paste, Artificial... Ink, Printing
Isinglass (Fish Glue). Isinglass, Vegetable
Jams and Jellies, 1 lb,
tins, bottles, or jars Jams and Jellies, 2 lb.
tins, bottles, or jars
Joss Sticks
Kerosene Oil Cans and
Cases, Empty
""
Value 5 p. cent.
Picul Pair
3 1 4 0
0080
0020
Picul
0 250
Value Picul
5 p. cent.
""
"
Value Picul
99
Dozen
""
{
Picul 2 cans in 1 case
}
Lace, Open-work or Inser- tion-work of Cotton, Machine made :- (a.) Not exceeding 1 in. wide, outside measurement
***
:
2025 021 5 2025
5
p. cent. 4000 1 7 5 0
0060
1 1 8 0 06 40
0005
0 0 0 0
2600
0 600
0450
""
Value Picul
5 p. cent.
7 0 0 0
*
7000 2500
"
Leather, Kid
Leather, Sole
Leather, Patent
Lichees, Dried.......
3 0 0 0 7000
41
NAME OF ARTICLE.
(b.) Exceeding 1 in. but not exceeding 2 ins. wide, outside measurement
(c.) Exceeding 2 ins. but not exceeding 3 ins. wide, outside
surement
CUSTOMS TARIFF
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT and Duty,
Per
T. m. c. c.
Per
T. m. c. c.
12 dozen yards
Marsala. See Wines, etc.
Vin de Liqueur.
0 1 0 0
50 gross boxes
1 5 0 0
10 gross
boxes
1 6 0 0
50 gross boxes
0 6 3 0
100 gross
09 20
boxes
mea-
0 16 6
"
(4.) Exceeding 3 ins.
wide, outside surement
mea-
0 2 16
"
Lace Open-work or Inser- tion-work of any fibrous material except Silk or Cotton ΟΙ imitation Gold or Silver Thread:- (a.) Machine made...... (b.) Hand made (includ-|
ing Cotton) Lacquerware
Lamps and their Acces-
sories.....
Lampwick
Lard, Pure or Compound. Lead, Red, White, Yellow, Dry or mixed with Oil. Leather Belting
Leather, Calf
•
Leather, Coloured
Leather, Cow
Leather, Harness (not in- cluding Enamelled or Pigskin)
Catty
"
Value
,,
Picul
0 5 0 0
2400 5 p. cent.
Matches, Rainbow or
Brilliant.
Matches, Wax Vestas:
not exceeding 100 in a box
Matches, Wood, Safety
orother; Large: boxes not exceeding 24 ins. by 1 ins. by in. Matches, Wood, Safety
or other; Small: boxes not exceeding 2 ins. by 1 ins. by ins. Matches, Wood, Safety or other, boxes exceeding above sizes
Match-making
Materials:-
Value
5 p. cent.
Glass Powder Phosphorus
Picul
Splints
"
Wax, Paraffin
01 10 4 12 5 0088 0500
99
Wood Shavings
1 1 1 0
99
Mats, Coir Door...
Dozen
1 0 0 0
Mats, Formosa, Grass Bed
Each
0 0 5 0
Matches, Rush
Hundred
0 5 0 0
Matches, Straw
0 2 2 5
"
2500
"
7
""
without Husks)
Linen
Leather, all other kinds..
Lily Flowers, Dried
Lily Seed (ie., Lotus-nuts
Lime, Chloride of
Liqueurs. See Wines, etc.
Value
0 0 5 p. cent.
Picul
0 450
0 3 2 5
1 0 0 0
"1
Value
0 3 0 0 5 p. cent.
Ham and
Breakfast
Liquorice
Picul
Logwood Extract
0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0
Lotus-nuts
(i.e., Lily
Metals:-
Seed with Husks)
0400
"
Lucraban Seed
0 3 50
Matches, Tatami Matting, Coir not ex- ceeding 36 ins. wide Matting, Straw: not ex- ceeding 36 ins. wide Meats, in bulk :-
Beef, Corned, Pickled,
in barrels...
Dry Salted Meat, in
boxes and barrels
Dry Sausages
Bacon; in boxes or barrels
Lard, Pure or Com-
pound
Melon Seeds
Anti-friction
Each Roll of 100 yards)
Roll of | 40 yards)
2750 0 250
4 5
Picul
0 3 7 5
0475
0808
V lue
5 p. cent.
Picul
91
6 0 0 0 250
"
Lung-ngan Pulp
0 5 5 0
Antimony
Value Picul
5 p. cent.
0 7 0 0
""
Lung-ngans, Dried
0 450
Brass & Yellow Metal
"
Macaroni and Vermicelli,
and similar Paste
Mace........
Machines, Sewing, Hand
or Foot......
Madeira. See Wines, etc.]|
(Vins de Liqueur.)
Malaga. See Wines, etc.,
(Vins de Liqueur.)
Bars and Rods
1 1 5 0
>>
0 3 2 5
Bolts and Nuts and
Value
5 p. cent.
Accessories
1150
29
Foil
1 6 7 5
"
1 5 0
"
33
#5
Screws
Value
5 p. cent.
Sheets, Plates,
and
Ingots
Picul
1 1 5 0
Tubes
1 1 5 0
""
Malt
Mangrove Bark
Picul
Manure, Chemical
Margarine, in tins, jars,
or kegs.
Value
0 3 7 0 0 0 7 3 5 p. cent.
Wire
1 1 5 0
"J
Copper:
-
Picul
1 4 0 0
Bars and Rods Bolts, Nuts, Rivets,
and Washers
1 3 0 0
23
Value
15 p. cent.
and Parts
thereof, Mill Iron, Mill and Ships' Cranks, and For- gings for Vessels, Steam-engines, and Locomotives weigh- ing each 25 lbs. or
over
Angles
Anvils, and Parts of, Bar
Bolts and Nuts
Castings, Rough
0 2 6 5
"
0 1 4 0 0400
0 1 4 0
""
Value
5 p. cent.
Picul
0 1 4 0
Chains, and Parts of...
0 265
"
Cobbles
and
Wire
Shorts
0 1 3 0
"
Hoops
0 14 0
Kentledge
0 0 7 5
""
Nail-rod
0 1 4 0
"
Nails, Wire
0 200
CUSTOMS TARIFF
45
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
NAME OF ARTICLY.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Per
T. m. c. c.
Per
T. m. c. c.
Ingots
Picul
1 1.7 5
Nails...
1 3 0 0
Sheets and Plates
1 3 0 0
Slabs
1 1 7 5
Steel, Plates and Sheets Steel, Tool and Cast ......! Steel, Wire and Wire
Rope.
Picul
0 250
0 7 5 0
"
0750
"
'Tacks
Value
5 p. cent.
Tubes
""
"
Wire.
Picul
1 3 0 0
Tin Foil
Dross, Iron
0 1 6 0
"
Dross, Iron and Tin Dross, Tin
0 3 0 0
Tin Slabs....
""
0 5 0 0
"
German Silver, Sheets German Silver, Wire...
""
2 200
1 5 0 0
Iron & Mild Steel, New:-
.....
Anchors,
Steel, Mild. See Iron. Tin Compound
Tin Sheets and Pipes
Tin Tacks, Blue, of all
sizes
Tinned Plates, Decorated
Tinned Plates, Plain
White Metal, Sheets...... White Metal, Wire
Yellow Metal. See Brass. Zinc Bolier Plates....
Zinc Powder
Zinc Sheets, including
Perforated
Milk,Condensed, in tins
Mineral Waters
Mirrors
Morphia, in all forms Moulding
Mushrooms
Musical Boxes
{
99
"
Case of
4 dozen 1 lb. tins. 12 b'tles. or 24 - bottles
Value Ounce 1,000 feet
0290 2200 500
600 0400
0 5 20
0250
0 0 5 0
5 p. cent.
3 0 0 1050
1 8 0 0
Picul
Value
p. cent.
Catty
90
Picul
100 mille
18 0 0
Value
5p. cent.
Picul
1 2 5
J
1 5 0 0
*
0400
03 50
"
Musk
Mussels, Dried
Needles, No. 7/0
5
Nails, other kinds
Value
5
5 p. cent.
وو
No. 3/0
Pig
Picul
0 0 7 5
Assorted, not in
Pipes and Tubes
Value
5 p. cent.
cluding 7/0
""
Plate Cuttings
Picul
0100
Nutgalls
Picul
5 0 0
0985 0870
Plates and Sheets
0 14 0
Nutmegs
1 5 0 0
"
Rails...
0 1 2 5
Oakum
0500
Rivets
Screws
0 250
Oil, Castor, Lubricating..
0 5 1 0
""
"
Value
p.
cent.
Oil,
Medicinal
1 0 0 0
"
Sheets and Plates
1 icul
0 14 0
Oil, Slove
Tacks, Blue, of all sizes
0400
Oil, Cocoa-nut.
Cattv Picul
0 1 50
0400
79
Wire....
Iron, Galvanized:
0 250
Oil, Colza
(Amern. gallon
0 0 5 0
Bolts and Nuts
Value
15
p. cent.
Oil, Engine:-
Cobbles
and Wire
(a.)
Wholly or
Ameri-
Shorts
Picul
0 1 3 0
Sheets, Corrugated
Sheets, Plain
Tubes
Wire...
Wire Shorts
Iron, Old, and Scrap, of
any description fit,
only for
facture...
Lead, in Pigs Lead, in Sheets
Lead. Pipes......
re-manu-
Nickel, Unmanufactured
Quicksilver
Spelter..
Steel, Bamboo
Steel Bars
Value Picul
0275 0 2 7 5
5 p. cent.
...
partly of mi-
neral origin...
can
0 0 15
gallon
(b.) All other kinds
(except Castor.)
0 0 25
0 2 5 0
Oil, Ginger
Picul
6 7 5 0
0 1 3 0
Case of 10
Oil, Kerosene
Amern. gallons
0070
10 Amern.
Oil,
in bulk
0050
gallons
རྒྱུ རྒྱུ རྒྱུ བ མ མ ན ན རྨ
""
37
090 0285 0 3 3 0 0375 2600 428 0
0 3 7 5
250 0 0200
Oil,
Cans and
2 Cans in
Cases, Empty
1 ase
0005
Oil, Olive........
mperial gallon
006 2
Oil, San lalwood
Catty
0240
Oil, Wood.....
Picul
0500
Olives Fresh, Pickled, or
Salted
0183
•
46
CUSTOMS TARIFF
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Opium
Picul Likin
Per Duty
T、m.c.c.
30 0 0 0
80 0 0 0
Rose Maloes Safflower
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY,
Per Picul
T. m. c. c.
1000
""
Opium, Husk
Orange Peel
Catty Picul
006 2
Saké, in barrels
0525 040
Oysters, Dried
Value
8000 5 p. cent.
Saké, in bottles
Packing, Asbestos.
See
Asbestos.
Packing, Engine
and
""
Saltpetre and Nitrate of
Soda Sand, Red
Sandalwood
Sapanwood
Seahorse Teeth
{
2 bots, or 24}-bots.
01 10
Picul
0325
0045
Boiler, all other kinds. Paints. See Dyes. Colours,
and Paints.................
Paper, Cigarette: not ex- ceeding 2 ins. by 4 ins. Paper, Printing, Calen-
dered and/or Sized Paper, printing, Uncal- endered or Unsized...... Paper, Writing or Fool-
SC
cip
Paper, all other kinds..
Peel, Orange. Pepper, Black
100,000) selave)
Picul
""
"
0400
0 1 1 2
Value
39
5 p. cent.
Seaweed, Cut
Picul
0 150
0 1 2 5
Seaweed, Long.
0100
"
Seaweed, Prepared
1 0 0 0
"
0700
Seed, (Lily i.e., Lotus-nuts
0 3 0 0
""
Seed, Lotus-nuts
without Husks)
Lily Seeds with Husks)
39
1 0 0 0
(ie.,
0400
"
1 2 0 0
Seed, Lucraban
""
0350
Value Picul
5 p. cent.
Seed, Melon
0250
J
080
Seed, Pine or Fir-nuts
0200
#5
0760
Seed. Sesamum
21
0200
Pepper, White
1 3 3 0
་་
Perfumery.
Phosphorus
Value Picul
5 p. cent.
4 1 2 5
Sharks' Fins, Black..
Sharks' Fins, Clarified or
Prepared
1 608
6000
""
Pitch
0 1 2 5
"
Sharks' Fins, white..
4600
""
Plushes and Velvets:-
a. Plushes and Velvets
of pure Silk
Shellac
2500
Shells, Mother-of-pearl
0 0
Catty
0 6 5 0
Shells, other kinds
Value
5 p. cent.
(including ised)
b. Silk Seal(with Cotton
back)
c. Plushes and Velvets of silk mixed with other fibrous mate- rials (with Cotton back)
d. Plushes, all Cotton
e. Velvets, Cotton, See
Co'ton Piece Goods
Pork Rind..
Prawns, Dried (see also
Shrimps)
Freserved Fruits, in glass bottles, jars, cardboard or wooden boxes, inclu- ding weight of imme- diate package
Purses, Leather (not in- cluding Silver or Gold
Sherry. See Wines, etc.
0 200
(Vins de Liqueur.)
Shoes and Boots, India-
rubber, for Shinese:
Boots
Pair
Shoes
0 0 8 0 00
0 150
""
Mercer-
Shrimps, Dried (see also
Prawns)
Picul
0 6 3 2
0 1 1 0
Silk Piece Goods, all Silk (including Crape :-)
@ Plain
Catty
03 2
Picul
0 5 0 0
1 0 0 0
"
mounted)
Gross
0 5
0250
Putchuck
Picul
0 7 1 5
Raisins and Currants
0 5 0
J9
0 5 0 0
Rattan Chairs
Rattan Core
Value Picu'
5 p. cent.
0 225
Rattan Skin
0 7 5 0
Picul
Rattans, Split
0325
53
39
0 550 1 0 5 0
Rattans, Whole
0 2
53
Singlets
or Drawers,
Resin
0 1 8 7
Cotton
Dozen
12
0 1 2 5
Ribbons, Silk, Silk and
Singlets or Drawers,
Cotton, Silk and other
fibres, with or without
Imitation
Gold
or
Silver Thread
Catty
Rope
Value
5 p. cent.
0 5 5 0
Snuff
Mixture
Skins, Fish
Skins, Sharks
Smalt
Value
5 p. cent.
Picul
U 6 0 0
Value
5 p. cent.
Picul 1600
Value
15 p. cent.
6 50
b. Brocaded or other-
wis Figured Silk Piece Goods
tures (ie., Silk and Cotton, or Silk and other materials) inclu- ding Crape but not in- cluding Mixtures with Real or Imitation Gold or Silver Thread :- a. Plain
b. Broaded ΟΙ other-
wise Figured
Silver Thread, Imitation,
See Thread.
Sinews, Buffalo and Cow.., Sinews, Deer...
0700
""
Mix-
NAME OF ARTICLE.
Soap, Household and
Laundry
(including
Blue Mottled), in bulk, bars and doublets weighing not less than Alb. each
CUSTOMS TARIFF
47
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Per
T. m. c. c.
Per
T. m. c. 8.
Masts and Spars, Soft-
wood..
Value
5 p. cent.
Picul
Soap, Toilet and Fancy...
Value
0 2 4 0 5 p. cent.
Socks, Cotton (including
Piles and Piling, includ-
ing Oregon Pine and
Californian Rcd-wood: 1,000 sup.
of a thickness of 1 in. Planks, Hard wood Planks, and Flooring.
......
feet Cubic foot!
1 1 5 0
0 0 20
Lisle Thread)
Soft-wood, including
1st Quality (i.e., valued]
Oregon Pine and Cali-
at Tls. 1 or over per dozen pairs).
Dozen pairs
fornian Red-wcod, and
0 0 7 5
allowing 10 per cent. of
2nd Quality (ie., valued
at less than Tls. 1 per dozen pairs).
Soda Ash
each shipment to be
Tongued and Grooved : 1,000 sup. of a thickness of 1 in.
flet
1 1 5 0
0 0 3 2
Picul
0 1 5 0
Soda Bicarbonate
Planks, and Flooring,
Soft-wood,
"
Soda (austic
""
Soda Crystals
*
Soda Crystals, Concen-
trated
:
Soy
""
Spirits. See Wines, etc.
Spirits of Wine.
Wines, etc.
Sticklac
See
Stout. See Wines, etc. Sugar, Brown, up to No.]
10 Dutch Standard.............. Sugar Candy........ Sugar, White, No. 11 Dutch Standard and over, including Cube and Refined....... Sulphur and Brimstone,
Crude
Sulphur and Brimstone,
Refined....
Sulphuric Acid
Sunshades. See Umbrellas Telescopes, Binoculars,
and Mirrors...
Tinder
Tin-foil..
"
0 7 0 0
Picul
"
0190 0 3 0 0
Files, File Blanks,
""
0 2 4 0
"
0 1 5 0.
"
0 250 0 1 8 7
Value
5 p. cent.
Thread, Cotton:-
Balls, Dyed or Undyed
Picul
Spools, 50 yards........
Gross
3 0 0 0 004 0
Thread, Gold and Silver,
Imitation, on Silk
Value
5 p. cent.
0 1 5 0 0225
0 120
Tongued
and Grooved, in excess of above 10 per cent. Planks, Teak-wood.... Railway Sleepers
Teak-wood Lumber, of all|
lengths and descrip- tions,......
Tobacco Leaf
Tobacco, Frepared, in bulk Tobacco, Prepared, in tins or packages under 5 lbs. each
Tools:
Axes and Hatches
Rasps and Floats, fo
all kinds :-
Not exceeding 1 ins long Exceeding 4 ins and not exceeding 9 ins. long... Exceeding 9 ins. and not
exceeding 14 ins. long Exceeding 14 ins. long.... Tortoiseshell Trimmings, Bead Trimmings, of Cotton, pure Οι mixed with other materials but not Silk
Trimmings, of Cotton, mixed with Silk and Imitation
Gold 01
25
Value
5
15 p. cent.
Dozen
0 5 0 0
""
Catty Value
004 0
0 0 7 2
0 1 6 8
0 224
0450 5 p. cent.
""
"
Value Cubic foot 0 0 8 1 Value 5 p. cent,
5 p. cent.
Cubic foot
0 0 8 1
Picul
03 50
Value
p. cent.
Picul
0 8 0 0 0950
Thread, Gold and Silver,
Real
Thread, Gold Imitation,
on Cotton......
Thread, Silver, Imitation,
on Cotton......
Tiles, 6 ins. square..
Timber:-
Beams, Hard-wood Beams, Soft-wood, in- cluding Oregon Pine and Californian Red- wood, of ness of 1 in...... Beams, Teak-wood
Laths
"
Catty
0 1 2 5
Silver Thread...
0 0 90
Turmeric.
Hundred
Turpentine
Twine
Cubic foot 0020
Ultramarine
Umbrella Frames
a thick- 1.000 sup.
Masts and Spars, Hard-
wood..
feet 1 1 5 0 Cubic foot 081 Thousand 0 2
Value 5 p. cent.
Umbrellas, Parasols, and
Sunshades:-
With Handles wholly or partly of Precious Metals, Ivory, Mo- ther-of-pearl, Torto- iseshell, Agate, etc., or Jewelled
دو
Picul
0 1 8 5
Gallon
0 0 3 6
Value 5 p. cent.
Picul
0500
Dozen
0 0 8 0
Value
15 p. cent.
Whisky, in bottles... Other Spirits (Gin, Rum, etc.), in bot-
Other Spirits (Gin, Rum, etc.), in bulk Spirits of Wine, in packages of any description
48
CUSTOMS TARIFF
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Per
T. m. c. c.
With all other Hand- les, all Cotton...... With all other Hand-|
les, Mixtures, not Silk
Per Case of 12)
T. m. c. c.
Each
0 0 20
Brandy and Cognac,
reputed
0 5 0 0
in bottles
quarts
0 3 50
"
0 0 3 0
With all other Hand-
les, Silk and Silk Mixtures
Varnish, Crude Lac- quer, Gum Lacquer, or Oil Lacquer Vaseline
Vegetables, Dried and
Salted or Pickled, în
bulk
0 2 0 0
tles
0080
Imperial
0 0 90
gallon
Value
5 p. cent.
0 0 28
"
Case of 12
Vermicelli
Vermilion
"
"
Picul
0 3 2 5 4 0 5
0 0 8 5
etc.
Vermouth. See Wines,
Watches, of all kinds...
Waters, Aerated and (12bots.or]
Mineral
Wax, Bees, Yellow...
}
Value
5p. cent.
Perry, in casks
0 0 5 0
24-bots.
Picul
0 6 0 0 0650
Porters and Stouts,
"
in bottles
Wax, Japan....
Wax, Paraffin
Wax, Sealing
Value
"
0 5 0 0 5 p. cent.
"
Ales, Beers, Cider, Perry, in bottles...
reputed quarts or 24 reputed
pints
Ales, Beers, Cider, (Imperial 0 0 2 0
...
gallon
Case of 12
reputed quarts or 24reputed pints
Porters and Stouts, Imperial}
in casks
gallon
0 1 0 0
0 0 2 5
5 p. cent. 0090 0 200 p. cent.
0 1 0 0
Liqueurs
Wood, Camagon.
Value Picul
0 6 5 0
Wood Ebony
""
Wood, Fragrant.
Valu
Wood, Garoo
Catty
Wood, Kranjee
Value
15 p. cent.
Wood, Laka.................
Picul
0 1 2 5
Wood, Lignum-vitæ
Value
5 p. cent.
Wood, Purn
Picul
0 0 7 5
Wood, Red
0 200
Wood, Rose
Case of 12)
Wood, Sandal
bots. or 21-bots. Imperial
gallon
0 3
Wood, Sapan
Wood, Scented
Value
0 0 2 5
Wood, Shavings, Hinoki.
I icul
Wax, White
Wines, etc. :-
Champagnes and all other Sparkling Wines, in bottles Still Wines, Red or White, exclusively the produce of the natural fermenta- tion of grapes:
a. Having less than' 14 degrees of alcohol:
1. In bottles
2. In bulk
b. Having 14 degrees or more of alcohol; also Vins de Liqueur other than Port..
1. In bottles
2. In bulk
Port Wine, in bottle
Port Wine, in bulk {
Vermouth and Byrrh {
Sake, in barrels
Sake, in bottles
Brandies and Whis-
kies, in bulk
......
Case of 12
bots. or 24 -bots
Case of 12 bots. or 214-bots. Imperial gallon Case of 12
bots. or 24 -bots. Imperial gallon
Case 12 litres
Picul Case of 12
bots. or 24-bots. Imperial gallon
}
0 5 0 0
0 1 5 0
0 7 0 0
0 17 5
0 250
0400
0 1 1 0
0 1 2 5
Woollen and Cotton Mix-
tures:-
Flannel (Woollen and
Cotton: not exceed-| ing 33 inches wide... Italian Cloth, Plain or Figured, having warp e tirely Cotton and all one colour, and weft entirely Wool and all one Colour: not exceeding 32 ins. wide and not exceed- ing 32 yards long ... Poncho Cloth: not ex- ceeding 76 ins. wide. Spanish Stripes (Wool- len and Cotton.) not exceeding 64ins.wide. Union Cloth: not ex- ceeding 76 ins. wide.
"
"
0 200
4 0 0
0 1 1 2
15 p. cent.
1 0 0 0
Yard
0 0 1 5
Piece
0 3 7 2
Yard
0·0 3 0
0014
0 0 3 0
CUSTOMS TARIFF
49
NAME OF ARTICLE.
Per
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
T. m. c. c.
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY,
Per
[T. m. c. c.
Woollen and Cotton Mixtures, Unclassed, including Alpacas, Lustres, Orleans, Si- cilians, etc.
'Woollen Manufactures:
Blankets and Rugs
Broadcloth: not exceed-]
Value 5p. cent.
Pound
0 0 20
...
ing 76 ins. wide
Yaad
0047
Long Ells: not exceed
ing 31 ins. wide and] not exceeding 25 yds. Jong Medium Cloth: not ex- ceeding 76 ins. wide. Russian Cloth: not ex- ceeding 76 ins. wide. Spanish Stripes: not exceeding 61 ins. wide
Piece
0 2 5 0
Yard
0047
29
0047)
Bunting: not exceeding
24 ins. wide and not,
exceeding40yds.long.,
Piece
2000
Woollens, Unclassed... Woollen and Worsted
Yarns and Cords
Value
0 0 2 1 5p cent.
Camlets, Dutch: not ex- ceeding 33 ins. wide and not exceeding 61 yards long Camlets, English: not exceeding 31ins. wide and not exceeding 61 yards long
Flannel: not exceeding 33 ins. wide.........
Habit Cloth: not ex- ceeding 76 ins. wide. Lastings, Plain, Figur- ed or Creped: not exceeding 31 ius. wide and not exceeding 32 yards long Llama Braid
(not including Berlin Wool).
Picul
5300
Berlin Wool
4000
33
1000
Wooloa or Berlinette....
3 500
"
Worm Tablets, in bottles,
not exceeding 60 pieces Dozen
0 0 5 5
Yarn, Asbestos...
Picul
225 0
0 5 0 0
Yarn, Cir......................... ·
Value
5 p. cent.
Yarn, Cotton, Bleached
or Grey..
Picul
0 9 5 0
Yard
0 0 1 5
Yarn, Cotton, Dyed
Value
5 p. cent.
Yarn, Cotton, Grey..
Picul
5 9 50
Yarn, Cotton, Mercerised
"
0047/
or Gassed...
Value
5 p. cent.
Yarn, Cotton, Wooloa or
Berlinette
Picul
3 5 0 0
Yarn, Wool, Berlin.....
22
4 0 0 0
Piece
Picu
0450
5 0 0 0
Yarn, Woollen and Worst-
ed (not including Berlin Wool)
5 3 0
RULES
RULE 1.-Imports unenumerated in this Tariff will pay duty at the rate of 5 per cent. ad valorem; and the value upon which Duty is to be calculated shall be the market value of the goods in local currency. This market value when converted into Haikwan Taels shall be considered to be 12 per cent. higher than the amount upon which duty is to be calculated.
If the goods have been sold before presentation to the Customs of the Application to pay Duty, the gross amount of the bona fide contract will be accepted as evidence of the market value. Should the goods have been sold on c., f. and i. terms, that is to say, without inclusion in the price of duty and other charges, such c., f. and i. price shall be taken as the value for duty-paying purposes without the deduction mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
50
CUSTOMS TARIFF
If the goods have not been sold before presentation to the Customs of the application to pay duty, and should a dispute arise between Customs and importer regarding the value or classification of goods, the case will be referred to a Board of Arbitration composed as follows:-
An official of the Customs;
A merchant selected by the Consul of the importer; and
A merchant, differing in nationality from the importer, selected by the
Senior Consul.
Questions regarding procedure, etc., which may arise during the sittings of the Board shall be decided by the majority. The final finding of the majority of the Board, which must be announced within fifteen days of the reference (not including holidays), will be binding upon both parties. Each of the two merchants on the Board will be entitled to a fee of ten Haikwan. Taels. Should the Board sustain the Customs valuation, or, in the event of not sustaining that valuation, should it decide that the goods have been undervalued by the importer to the extent of not less- than 7 per cent., the importer will pay the fees; if otherwise, the fees will be paid by the Customs. Should the Board decide that the correct value of the goods is 20 per cent. (or more) higher than that upon which the importer originally claimed to pay duty, the Customs authorities may retain possession of the goods until full duty has been paid and may levy an additional duty equal to four times the duty sought to be evaded.
In all cases invoices, when available, must be produced if required by the Customs.
RULE II. The following will not be liable to Import Duty: Foreign Rice, Cereals, and Floar; Gold and Silver, both Bullion and Coin; Printel Books, Charts, Maps, Periodicals and Newspapers.
A freight or part freight of Daty-free commodities (Goll and Silver Bullion and Foreign Coins excepted) will render the vessel carrying them, though no other cargo be on board, liable to Tonnage Dues.
Drawbacks will be issued for Ship's Stores anl Banker Coal when taken on
board.
RULE III. Except at the requisition of the Chinese Government, or for sale to Chinese duly authorised to purchase them, Import trade is prohibited in all Arms, Ammunition, and Munitions of War of every description. No Permit to land them will be issued until the Customs have proof that the necessary authority has been given to the Importer. Infraction of this rule will be punishable by confiscation of all the goods' concerned. The import of Salt is absolutely prohibited.
CUSTOMS NOTIFICATION
Notification issued by the Imperial Maritime Customs at Canton on the 14th November, 1901.
Notice is hereby given that:-
1.-On and after the 11th inst., the Tariff of Import Duties hitherto existing and the list of Duty-free Goods cease to be operative, and, until further notice, whatever is imported with certain exceptions is to pay an effective 5 per cent. ad valorem duty.
CUSTOMS TARIFF
2.-The exceptions are as follows:-
51
(a.) Foreign Rice, Cereals and Flour, as well as Gold and Silver, coined and
uncoined, are exempt from duty.
(b.) The Import Duty on Opium remains unchanged at thirty taels, that and lekin at the rate of eighty taels, or one hundred and ten taels in all, per picul, being payable simultaneously, as at present.
(c.) Foreign Goods on the way to China or which shall have been despatched to China within six days after the signature of the Protocol-that is, on or before the 13th September-are to pay Import Duty according to the old Tariff, a fixed duty if enumerated, and an ad valorem 5 per cent. duty if unenumerated, and are to be exempt from duty if on the Duty-free list. Goods despatched after the 13th September are to pay an effective 5 per cent. according to the new rule.
(d.) Merchandise taken out of bond is to pay duty according to its liability on the day of bonding-that is, if already in bond, or if bonded on any future day, but forming part of a cargo now on the way to China, or despatched to China on or before the 13th September, it is to be treated according to the old Tariff and Tariff Rules. All other bonded imports are to pay an effective 5 per cent.
(e.) Whatever is imported for the use of Legations at Peking is exempt from Import Duty-applications for Exemption Permits, etc., to be countersigned and sealed by the Consulate of the Legation concerned. (f.) Whatever is shipped or discharged for the use of Foreign forces, military or naval, is exempt from Import Duty-applications for Exemption Permits, etc., to be countersigned and sealed by the Consulate of the flag concernd.
to fix duties will be the average
Where the valuation
3. The values on which the new Tariff is values for the three years 1897, 1898, 1899. is questioned, the market value of the day minus duty and charges, or where that cannot be ascertained, invoice value plus 10 per cent. will rule instead; but as this will involve detention of goods concerned at owner's risk and expense till such market, or, failing market, invoice value can be ascertained and settled, it is hoped the valuation
will be acquiesced in.
4.- Goods exported pay duty according to the Tariff hitherto existing.
5.-Coast Trade Duty, which is not an Import Duty, but a Coast Duty on native produce inwards, remains as before, and is not affected by the effective 5 per cent. rules.
52
CUSTOMS TARIFF
TARIFF ON EXPORTS
(As annexed to the Tientsin Treaty of 1858)
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY"
Alum....
Per Picul
\T. m. c. c.
0 U
Green or Copperas
010
""
Aniseed, Star
0 5
22
Broken
J
Oil...
Apricot Seeds, or Almonds
Arsenic...
Artificial Flowers
50 0450 0450
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT and DUTY.
Per
Galangal Garlic
Ginseng, Native..
[T. m. c. c. Picul 0 1 0 5
0030
jad valorem 5 p. cent.
22
Corean or Ja- Į
pan, 1st quality)
"
وو
Bamboo Ware....
Bangles, or Glass Armlets
Beans and Peas
1 0 0
0750
""
"
2nd quality...
Glass Beads...
Glass or Vitrified Wire....
Glasscloth, Fine...
Catty
0500
0350
""
Picul
0 500
0500
"
2500
""
""
23
Bean Cake
0 500 0060 0035
Coarse
0 7 5 0
29
Ground-nuts
0100
"
Cake
0030
"
35
"
Bone and Horn Ware
1 5 0
Gypsum, Ground, or
0030
35
Brass Buttons
Plaster of Paris
19
Foil
15
Hair, Camels
>>
Ware
Hair, Goats..
33
Wire
1 1
Hams
""
Camphor
07
Canes
Thousand
0 500
Cantharides.
Picul
2000
Honey
Capoor Cutchery
0 3 0 0
Carpets and Druggets
Hundred
3 500
Cassia Lignea
Picul
0600
وق
Buds
Twigs
"
Oil.
Castor Oil
Chestnuts..
China Roots..
Chinaware, Fine..
"
015
"
"
0800
Hartall, or Orpiment..... Hemp
Horns, Deers', Young
22
India Ink..
Ivory Ware
Old..
Indigo, Dry..
Joss-sticks
0200
Kittysols,
0 1 0 0
وو
0 1 3 0
"
0900
دو
"
Coarse
"
0450
0350
55
Cinnarbar Clothing, Cotton
Silk.
0 3 5
وو
"
03 50
"
as
1 5 0 0
Coal
"
Coir
Copper Ore
"
Sheathing, Old ...]
050
>>
and Pewter Ware
115
Green
Lily Flowers, Dried
Seeds or Lotus Nuts
1 8 0 0
0200
""
0270
"
0500
55
""
Corals, False
0 3 5
Liquorice
0 1 3 5
""
Cotton, Raw
0 3 5 0
"
Lung-ngan
0250
"
وو
Rags
Cow Bezoar.
Crackers, Fireworks Cubebs...
Dates, Black
0045
without Stone.
0350
>>
Catty Picul
0360
0500
1500
Curiosities, Antiques
ad valorem 5 p. cent.
Manure Cakes, or
Poudrette...
Marble Slabs
Mats of all kinds
0 0 90
"
0200
""
Hundred
0200
Picul
0150
Red
0090
Matting
22
{
roll of
0200
40 yards
Dye, Green
Catty
0800
Melon Seeds..
Picul
0100
Eggs, Preserved.
Thousand 0 50
Mother-o'-Pearl Ware
Catty
0100
Fans, Feather..
Hundred
0750
Mushrooms
Picul
1 5 0 0
""
Paper..
0045
Musk.
Catty
0900
"
Palm Leaf, trimmed Thousand | 0 3 6 0
Nankeen and Native
Picul
1 5 0 0
""
Palm Leaf, un-Į
Cotton Cloths
trimmed.
0200
"
Nutgalls
0500
"
Felt Cuttings..
Picul
93
Caps....
Fungus, or Agaric......
0 100 Hundred 1 2 5 0 Picul 0600
Oil, as Bean, Tea, Wood,
Cotton & Hemp Seed Oiled Paper
0 3 0 0
95
0450
075 0
1 5 0 0
""
10 0 0 0
Leather Articles,
"
004 0
Pouches, Purses
*
0 1 0 0
"
0500
Lichees
Umbrellas
Lacquered Ware..
Lamp wicks..
Lead, Red, (Minium)
White, (Ceruse)
Yellow, (Massicot).
000
33
0
8 0
39
0 5 5
"
0350
29
0350
>
0900
Pair
0900
Picul
1 3 5 0
4000
""
1 0 0 0
""
or
Paper?
Catty Picul Hundred
Picul
""
0 15 0 0200
0 5 0 0
0 0 0
0 6 0 0
0700
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
CUSTOMS TARIFF
NAME OF ARTICLE.
TARIFF UNIT AND DUTY.
Olive Seed
Oyster-shells, Sea-shells. Paint, Green
Palampore, or Cotton
Bed Quilts
Paper, 1st quality
32
وو
0450
Hundred 27 5 0
Picul
Per Picul
\T. m. c. c.
Per T'. m. c. c.
300
Silk, Ribbons and Thread
Picul
10 0 0 0
0090
Piece Goods,-
""
53
2nd
0400
95
وو
"J
Pearls, False
2000
"
""
Peel, Orange
0300
"
Pumelo, 1st quality|
2nd
0450
01 5
"
Peppermint Leaf
0 1
""
Oil
3 5
Pongees, Shawls, Scarves, Crape, Satin, Gauzes, Velvet and Em- broidered Goods Piece Goods,-Sze-
chuen, Shantung Tassels
Caps
Silk and Cotton Mixtures
Silver and Gold Ware
"
12 0 0 0
4 5 0 0
Hundred Picul
10 0 0 0 0900
"
Pictures and Paintings.
Each
0 10
Snuff
Pictures on Pith
or
Rice Paper
Hundred
0 1 0 0
Soy
Straw Braid.
99
95
"
Pottery, Earthenware
Preserves, Comfits, and
Sweetmeats
Rattans, Split
Picul
0 0 5 0
Sugar, Brown
5 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
0800° 0400 070 0
0 1 2 0
White
0 500
"
35
Candy
0200*
0250
""
Rattan Ware
Rhubarb
0250 0300
1 2 5 0
""
Rice or Paddy, Wheat,
Tallow, Animal
Vegetable
end of the Tariff)
0200
0300
"
Tea (see Note at the
2500
"
Millet,
and
other
0100
Tin Foil
1 2 50
وو
"
Grains
Tobacco, Prepared
Rugs of Hair or Skin.
Each
0090
Tobacco, Leaf
0450 0150
Samshoo
Picul
0 15 0
Sandalwood Ware
Catty
0 1 0
Tortoiseshell Ware. Trunks, Leather.
Catty Picul
5 0
Seaweed
Picul
0 150
Turmeric
00
59
Sessamun Seed
35
Shoes and Boots, Lea->
Pairs
0 1 3 5
3000
Twine, Hemp, Canton
5 0
"
Soochow...
0 500
"
وو
ther or Satin
Shoes, Straw
Silks, Raw and Thrown...
Yellow, from Sze-
chuen
Reeled from Dupions
Silk, Wild Raw
Turnips, Salted
0 180
0 18 0
"
Varnish, or Crude Lac-ì
Picul
"
10 0 0 0
quer
Vermicelli
وو
7000
"
Vermillion
0500
0 18 0 2500
>>
5000
Wax, White or Insect
1 5 0 0
"
"
2500
Refuse....
1000
Wood-Piles, Poles, &
Joists...
Each
0030
""
Cocoons
"
3000
Wood Ware
Picul
1150
Floss, Canton...
4 3 0 0
Wool
0350
39
55
from other Provinces
10 0 0 0
"
وو
TEA.-Coarse unfired Japanese Tea imported for local consumption.-Since February, 1861, it has been th practice of the Shanghai Customs to charge duty ad valorem on Tea of this description.
Tea imported from Japan for the purpose of being refired and re-exported to a Foreign country. Since the 1st of April, 1861, Japanese Tea imported for re-exportation has been dealt with at Shanghai according to the following rule :-
"Tea imported into this port from Japan for the purpose of being refired and re-exported to a Foreign country will be allowed a reduction on the actual weight imported of Twenty per cent. on the Import duty, and when re- exported a Drawback Certificate for the entire amount of duty paid will be granted or application in the usual manner, provided that the terms of Article XLV. of the Treaty between Great Britain and China be complied with, and that the weights, &c., &c., be correctly declared,"
Brick Tea. In the Tariff appended to the Russian Regulations of 1862, the Export duty on Brick is fixed at Mace per picul.
RULES
(Annexed to the Tariff of 1858)
RULE I.-Unenumerated Goods.-Articles not enumerated in the list of exports, but enumerated in the list of imports, when exported, will pay the amount of duty set against them in the list of imports; and, similarly, articles not enumerated in the list of imports, but enumerated in the list of exports, when imported, will pay the amount of duty set against them in the list of exports.
Articles not enumerated in either list, nor in the list of duty-free goods, will pay an ad valorem duty of 5 per cent., calculated on their market value.
RULE II.-Duty-free Goods.-Gold and silver bullion, foreign coins, flour, Indian meal, sago, biscuits, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confectionery, foreign clothing, jewellery, plated-ware, perfumery, soap of all kinds, charcoal, firewood, candles (foreign), tobacco (foreign), cigars (foreign), wine, beer, spirits, household stores, ship's stores, personal baggage, stationery, carpeting, druggeting, cutlery, foreign medicines, glass, and crystal ware.
The above pay no import or export duty, but, if transported into the interior will, with the exception of personal baggage, gold and silver bullion, and foreign coins, pay a transit duty at the rate of 23 per cent. ad valorem.
A freight, or part freight, of duty-free commodities (personal baggage, gold and silver bullion, and foreign coins, excepted) will render the vessel carrying them, though no other cargo be on board, liable to tonnage dues.
RULE III.-Contraband Goods.-Import and export trade is alike prohibited in the following articles: Gunpowder, shot, cannon, fowling-pieces, rifles, muskets, pistols, and all other munitions and implements of war; and salt.
RULE IV.-Weights and Measures.-In the calculation of the Tariff, the weight of a picul of one hundred catties is held to be equal to one hundred and thirty-three and one-third pounds avoirdupois; and the length of a chang of ten Chinese feet to be equal to one hundred and forty-one English inches.
One Chinese chih is held to be equal to fourteen and one-tenth inches English; and four yards English, less three inches, to equal one chang.
RULE V. Regarding Certain Commodities Heretofore Contraband.-The restric- tions affecting trade in opium, cash, grain, pulse, sulphur, brimstone, saltpetre, and spelter are relaxed, under the following conditions:-
1.-*Opium will henceforth pay thirty Taels per picul import duty. The importer will sell it only at the port. It will be carried into the interior by Chinese only, and only as Chinese property; the foreign trader will not be allowed to accompany it. The provisions of Article IX. of the Treaty of Tientsin, by which British subjects are authorized to proceed into the interior with passports to trade, will not extend to it, nor will those of Article XXVII. of the same treaty, by which the transit dues are regulated. The transit dues on it will be arranged as the Chinese Government see fit: nor in future revisions of the Tariff is the same rule of revision to be applied to opium as to other goods.
2.-Copper Cash.-The export of cash to any foreign port is prohibited; but it shall be lawful for British subjects to ship it at one of the open ports of China to another, on compliance with the following Regulation:-The shipper shall give notice of the amount of cash he desires to ship, and the port of its destination, and shall bind himself either by a bond, with two sufficient sureties, or by depositing
* For duty Opium see Convention signed in 1885, also the Treaty of 1902.
CUSTOMS TARIFF
55
such other security as may be deemed by the Customs satisfactory, to return, within six months from the date of clearance, to the collector at the port of shipment, the certificate issued by him, with an acknowledgment thereon of the receipt of the cash at the port of destination by the collector at that port, who shall there o affix his seal; or failing the production of the certificate, to forfeit a sum equal in value to- the cash shipped. Cash will pay no duty inwards or outwards; but à freight or part freight of cash, though no other cargo be on board, will reader the vessel carrying it liable to pay tonnage dues.
3. The export of rice and all other grain whatsoever, native or foreign, no matter where grown or whence imported, to any foreign port, is prohibited; but these commodities may be carried by British merchants from one of the open ports of China to another, under the same conditions in respect of security as cash, on pay- ment at the port of shipment of the duty specified in the Tariff.
No import duty will be leviable on rice or grain; but a freight or part freight of rice or grain, though no other cargo be on b ard, will render the vessel importing it liable to tonnage dues.
4. *The export of pulse and beancake from Tung-chau an1 Newchwang, under the British flag, is prohibited. From any other of the ports they may be shipped, on payment of the tariff duty, either to other ports of China, or to foreign coun'ries.
5.-Saltpetre, sulphur, brimstone, and spelter, being munitions of war, shall not be imported by British subjects, save at the requisition of the Chinese Government, or for sale to Chinese duly authorized to purchase them. No permit t land them. will be issued until the Customs have proof that the necessary authority has been given to the purchase. It shall not be lawful for British subjects to carry these commodities up the Yang-tsze-kiang, or into any port other than those open on the seaboard, nor to accompany them into the interior on behalf of Chinese. They must be sold at the ports only, and, except at the ports they will be regarde l a Chinese property.
Infractions of the conditions, as above set forth, under which trade in cpium, cash, grain, pulse, saltpetre, brimstone, sulphur, and spelter may be henceforward carried on, will be punishable by confiscation of all the goods concerned.
RULE VI.-Liability of Vessels Entering Port. For the prevention of misunder- standing, it is agreed that the term of twenty-four hours, within which British vessels must be reported to the Consul under Article XXXVII. of the Treaty of Tientsin, shall be understood to commence from the time a British vessel comes within the limits of the port; as also the term of forty-eight hours allowed her by Article XXX. of the same Treaty to remain in port without payment of tonnage dues.
The limits of the ports shall be defined by the Customs, with all consideration for the convenience of trade compatible with due protection of the revenue; also the limits of the anchorages within which lading and discharging is permitted by the Customs; and the same shall be notified to the Consul for public information.
RULE VII.-Transit Dues.--It is agreed that Article XXXVIII. of the Treaty of Tientsin shall be interpreted to declare the amounts of transit dues legally leviable upon merchandise imported or exported by British subjects to be one-half of the tariff duties, except in the case of the duty-free goods liable to a transit duty of 21 per cent. ad valorem, as provided in Article II. of these Rules. Merchandise shall be cleared of its transit dues under the following conditions:-
In the Case of Imports.-Notice being given at the port of entry, from which the Imports are to be forwarded inland, of the nature and quantity of the goods, the ship
* NOTIFICATION.
BRITISHI CONSULATE, SHANGHAI, 24th March, 1862,
Article IV. of Rule No. 5 appended to the Tariff of 1858 is rescinded. Pulse and bean-cake may be henceforth exported from Tungchow and Newchwang, and from all other ports in China- open by Treaty, on the same terms and conditions as are applied to other Native produce by the Regulation bearing date the 5th December last; that is to say, they may be shipped on payment of Tariff duty at the port of shipment, and dis- charged at any Chinese port on payment of half-duty, with power to claim drawback of the half-duty if re-exported.
By order,
WALTER H. MEDHURST, Consul.
56
CUSTOMS TARIFF
from which they have been landed, and the place inland to which they are bound, with all other necessary particulars, the Collector of Customs will, on due inspection made, and on receipt of the transit duty due, issue a transit duty certificate. This must be produced at every barrier station, and viséd. No further duty will be leviable upon imports so certificated, no matter how distant the place of their destination.
In the Case of Exports.- Produce purchased by a British subject in the interior will be inspected, and taken account of, at the first barrier it passes on its way to the port of shipment. A memorandum showing the amount of the produce and the port at which it is to be shipped, will be deposited there by the person in charge of the produce; he will then receive a certificate, which must be exhibited and viséd at every barrier, on his way to the port of shipment. On the arrival of the produce at the barrier nearest the port notice must be given at the Customs at the port, and the transit dues due thereon being paid it will be passed. On exportation the produce
will pay the tariff duty*.
Any attempt to pass goods inwards or outward otherwise than in compliance with the rule here laid down will render them liable to confiscation.
Unauthorised sale, in transitu, of goods that have been entered as above for a port, will render them liable to confiscation. Any attempt to pass goods in excess of the quantity specified in the certificate will render all the goods of the same denomination, named in the certificate, liable to confiscation. Permission to export produce, which cannot be proved to have paid its transit dues, will be refused by the Customs until the transit dues shall have been paid. The above being the arrange- ment agreed to regarding the transit dues, which will thus be levied once and for all, the notification required under Article XXVIII. of the Treaty of Tientsin, for the information of British and Chinese subjects, is hereby dispensed with.
RULE VIII.-Peking Not Open to Trade.-It is agreed that Article IX. of the Treaty of Tientsin shall not be interpreted as authorising British subjects to enter the capital city of Peking for purposes of trade.
RULE IX-Abolition of the Meltage Fee.--It is agreed that the percentage of one Tael two Mace, hitherto charged in excess of duty payments to defray the expenses of melting by the Chinese Government, shall be no longer levied on British subjects.
RULE X.-Collection of Duties Under One System at all Ports.-It being by Treaty at the option of the Chinese Government to adopt what means appear to it best suited to protect its revenue accruing on British trade, it is agreed that one uniform system shall be enforced at every port.
The high officer appointed by the Chinese Government to superintend foreign trade will, accordingly from time to time, either himself visit or will send a deputy to visit the different ports. The said high officer will be at liberty, of his own choice, and independently of the suggestion or nomination of any British authority, to select any British subject he may see fit to aid him in the administration of the Customs Revenue, in the prevention of smuggling, in the definition of port boundaries, or in discharging the duties of harbour master; also in the distribution of lights, buoys, beacons, and the like, the maintenance of which shall be provided for out of the tonnage dues.
The Chinese Government will adopt what measures it shall find requisite to prevent smuggling upon the Yang-tsze-kiang, when that river shall be opened to trade.
Done at Shanghai, in the province of Kiang-su, this eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, being the third day of the teath moon of the eighth year of the reign of Hien Fung.
SEAL OF CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARIES.
[L.S.] ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
SIGNATURES OF FIVE CHINESE PLENIPOTENTIARIES.
津
See Chefoo Convention, Section III., Article 4.
EMIGRATION CONVENTION
BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND CHINA RESPECTING THE EMPLOYMENT OF CHINESE LABOUR IN BRITISH COLONIES AND PROTECTORATES
(Signed in London, 13th May, 1904)
Whereas a Convention between Her Majesty Queen Victoria and His Majesty the Emperor of China was signed at Peking on the 24th October, 1860, by Article V. of which His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China consented to allow Chinese: subjects, wishing to take service in British Colonies or other parts beyond the seas, to enter into engagements with British subjects, and to ship themselves and their families on board of British vessels at the open ports of China in conformity with Regulations to be drawn up between the two Governments for the protection of such- emigrants:
And whereas the aforesaid Regulations have not hitherto been framed, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of China have accordingly appointed the following as their respective Plenipo- tentiaries, that is to say:
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, the Most Honourable Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marquess of Lansdowne, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; and
His Majesty the Emperor of China, Chang Têh-Yih, Brevet Lieutenant-General of the Chinese Imperial Forces, His Imperial Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India;
And the said Plenipotentiaries having met and communicated to each other their respective full powers, and found them in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles :--
Art. I. As the Regulations to be framed under the above-mentioned Treaty were intended to be of a general character, it is hereby agreed that on each occasion when indentured emigrants are required for a particular British Colony or Protectorate beyond the seas, His Britannic Majesty's Minister in Peking shall notify the Chinese Government, stating the name of the Treaty port at which it is intended to embark them, and the terms and conditions on which they are to be engaged; the Chinese Government shall thereupon, without requiring further formalities, immediately instruct the local authorities at the specified Treaty port to take all the steps necessary to facilitate emigration. The notification herein referrel to shall only be required once in the case of each Colony or Protectorate, except when enigration under indenture to that Colony or Protectorate from the spe.ified Treaty port has not taken place during the preceding three years.
59
EMIGRATION CONVENTION
Art. II.--On the receipt of the instructions above referred to, the Taotai at the port shall at once appoint an officer, to be called the Chinese Inspector; who, together with the British Consular Officer at the port, or his Delegate, shall make known by Proclamation and by means of the native press the text of the Indenture which the emigrant will have to sign, and any particulars of which the Chinese officer considers it essential that the emigrant shall be informed, respecting the country to which the emigrant is to proceed, and respecting its laws.
Art. III. The British Consular officer at the port, or his Delegate, shall confer with the Chinese Inspector as to the location and installation of the offices and other necessary buildings, hereinafter callel the Emigration Agency, which shall be erected or fitted up by the British Government, and at their expense, for the purpose of carrying on the business of the engagement and shipment of the emigrants, and in which the Chinese Inspector and his staff shall have suitable accommodation for carrying on their duties.
Art. IV.--(1.) There shall be posted up in conspicuous places throughout the Enigration Agency, and more especially in that part of it called the Depôt, destined for the reception of inte ding emigrants, copies of the Indenture to be entered into with the emigrant, draw up in the English and Chinese languages, together with copies of the special Ordinance, if any, relating to im nigration into the particular Colony or Protectorate for which the emigrants are required.
(2.) There shall be kept a Register in English and in Chinese, in which the names of intending indentured emigrants shall be inscribed, and in this Register there shall not be inscribed the name of any person who is under 20 years of age, unless he shall have produced proof of his having obtained the consent of his parents or other lawful guardians to emigrate, or, in default of these, of the Magistrate of the district to which he belongs. After signature of the Indenture according to the Chinese manner, the emigrant shall not be permitted to leave the Depôt previously to his embarkation, without a pass signed by the Chinese Inspector, and countersigned by the British Consular Officer or his Delegat, unless he shall have, through the Chinese Inspector, renounced his agreement and withdrawn his name from the register of emigrants.
(3.) Before the sailing of the ship each emigrant shall be carefully examined by a qualified Medical Officer nominated by the British Consular Officer or his Delegate. The emigrants shall be para led before the British Consular Officer or his Delegate and the Chines Inspector or his Delegate, and questioned with a view to ascertain their perfect understanding of the Indenture.
Art. V.--All ships employed in the conveyance of indentured emigrants fron China un ler this Convention shall engage and embark them only at a Treaty port, and shall comply with the Regulations contained in the Sche lule hereto annexed and forming part of the Convention.
Art. VI. For the better protection of the emigrant, and of any other Chinese subject who may happen to be residing in the Colony or Protectorate to which the emigration is to take place, it shall be competent to the Emperor of China to appoint a Consul or Vice-Consul to watch over their interests and well-being, and such Consul or Vice-Consul shall have all the rights and privileges accorded to the Consuls of other nations.
Art. VII. Every Indenture entered into under the present Articles shall clearly specify the name of the country for which the labourer is required, the duration of the engagement, anl, if renewable, on what terms, the number of hours of labour per working day, the nature of the work, the rate of wages and mode of payment, the rations, clothing, the grant of a free passage out, and, where such is provided for therein, a free passage back to the port of embarkation in China for himself and family, right to free me lical attendance and medicines, whether in the Colony or Protectorate, or on the voyage from and to the port of embarkation in China, and any other advantages to which the emigrant shall be entitled. The Indenture may also
EMIGRATION CONVENTION
59*
provide that the emigrant shall, if considered necessary by the medical authorities, be vaccinated on his arrival at the Depôt, and in the event of such vaccination being unsuccessful, re-vaccinated on board ship.
Art. VIII.-The Indenture shall be sigued, or in cases of illiteracy marked, by the emigrant after the Chinese manner, in the presence of the British Consular Officer or his Delegate and of the Chinese Inspector or his Delegate, who shall be respons- ible to their respective Governments for its provisions having been clearly and fully explained to the emigrant previous to signature. To each emigrant there shall be presented a copy of the Indenture drawn up in English and Chinese. Such Inden. ture shall not be considered as definitive or irrevocable until after the embarkation of the emigrant.
Art. IX. In every British Colony or Protectorate to which indentured Chinese emigrants proceed, an officer or officers shall be appointed, whose duty it shall be to insure that the emigrant shall have free access to the Courts of Justice to obtain the redress for injuries to his person and property which is secured to all persons, irrespec- tive of race, by the local law.
Art. X. During the sojourn of the emigrant in the Colony or Protectorate in- which he is employed, all possible postal facilities shall be afforded to him for com- municating with his native country and for making remittances to his family.
Art. XI. With regard to the repatriation of the emigrant an his family whether on the expiration of the Indenture or from any legal cause, or in event of his having been invalided from sickness or disablement, it is understood that this shall always be to the port of shipment in China, and that in no case shall it take place by any other means than actual conveyance by ship, and payment of money to the returning emigrant in lieu of passage shall not be admissible.
Art. XII.-Nothing in any Indenture framed under these Articles shall constitute on the employer a right to transfer the emigrant to another employer of labour without the emigrant's free consent and the approval of his Consul or Vice-Consul; and should any such transfer or assignment take place, it shall not in any way invalidate any of the rights or privileges of the emigrant under the Indenture.
Art. XIII. It is agreed that a fee on each indentured emigrant shipped under the terms of this convention shall be paid to the Chinese Government for expenses of inspection, but no payment of any kind shall be made to the Chinese Inspector or any other official of the Chinese Government at the port of embarkation. The above fee shall be paid into the Customs bauk previous to the clearance of the ship, and shall be calculated at the following rate:-3 Mexican dollars per head for any number of emigrants not exceeding 10,000, and 2 dollars per head for any number in excess thereof, provided they are shipped at the same Treaty port, and that not more than twelve months have elapsed since the date of the last shipment.
Should the port of embarkation have been changed, or a space of more than twelve months have elapsed since the date of the last shipment, inspection charges shall be paid as in the first instance.
Art. XIV. The English and Chinese text of the present Convention have been carefully compared, but in the event of there being any difference of meaning between them, the sense as expressed in the English text shall be held to be the correct sense.
Art. XV.-The present Convention shall come into force on the date of its signature and remain in force for four years from that date, and after such period of four years it shall be terminable by either of the high contracting parties on giving one year's notice.
In witness whereof the Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Convention, and have affixed thereto their seals.
Done at London in four copies (two in English and two in Chinese), this thirteenth day of May of the year 1904.
(Signed)
LANSDOWNE.
T. Y. CHANG.
.60
EMIGRATION CONVENTION
SCHEDULE
Regulations
Ships employed in the transport of indentured emigrants from China under this Convention must be seaworthy, clean, and properly ventilated, and with regard to the following matters, shall comply with conditions as far as possible equivalent to those in force in British India with reference to the emigration of natives from India:-
Accommodation required on board (vide Section 57 of "The Indian Emigration Act, 1883").
Sleeping accommodation consisting of wooden sheathing to the decks or sleeping platforms (vide rule regarding "iron decks," as amended the 16th August, 1902, in Schedule "A "to the rules under "The Indian Emigration Act, 1883").
Rules as to space on board (vide Section 58 of "The Indian Emigration Act, 1883").
Carriage of qualified surgeon, with necessary medical stores.
Storage of drinking water (vide Rule 113, as amended the 24th February, 1903. under "The Indian Emigration Act, 1883").
Provision of adequate distilling apparatus (vide Schedule "C" to the rules under "The Indian Emigration Act, 1883").
The dietary for each indentured emigrant on board ship shall be as follows per day :-
Rice, not less than 1 b., or flour or bread stuffs Fish (dried or salt) or meat (fresh or preserved) Fresh vegetables of suitable kinds
Salt
Sugar...
Chinese tea
Chinese condiments in sufficient quantities. Water, for drinking and cooking
:
:
---
""
1 tb
1/1/1/0 1 oz.
12/10
"
"
01 "
1 gallon
or such other articles of food as may be substituted for any of the articles enumerat- ed in the foregoing scale as being in the opinion of the doctor on board equivalent thereto.
NOTES EXCHANGED BETWEEN THE MARQUESS OF LANSDOWNE AND THE CHINESE MINISTER ON SIGNING CONVENTION OF MAY 13TH, 1904
Foreign Office, London, May 13th, 1904. SIR, By Article VI. of the Convention about to be concluded between Great Britain and China with regard to Chinese subjects leaving the Treaty ports of China under Indenture for service in British Colonies or Protectorates, it is provided that:-
"For the better protection of the emigrant and of any other Chinese subject who may happen to be residing in the Colony or Protectorate to which the
EMIGRATION CONVENTION
61
emigration is to take place, it shall be competent to the Emperor of China to appoint a Consul or Vice-Consul to watch over their interests and well-being, and `such Consul or Vice-Consul shall have all the rights and privileges accorded to the Consul of other nations."
His Majesty's Government consider it specially important that the persons appointed to occupy, for the purpose named, the position of Consul or Vice-Consul should be experienced officers of Chinese nationality, that they should be exclusively in the service of the Emperor of China, and that in each case the name of the person selected should be communicated to His Majesty's Government, and their agreement to the appointment obtained.
I have the honour to inquire whether the Chinese Government are prepared to meet the wishes of His Majesty's Government in the matter. If so, and if you will inform me accordingly, this note and your reply might be attached to the Convention in order to place on formal record the arrangement conclude 1.-I have, &c.
Chang Ta-Jen, etc., etc., etc.
(Signed)
LANSDOWNE.
Chinese Legation, London,
May 13th, 1904.
MY LORD MARQUESS,-In reply to your Lordship's note of this date, I have the honour to state that the Chinese Government are in entire accord with His Britannic Majesty's Government as to the great importance they attach to the Consuls and Vice- Consuls to be appointed under Article VI. of the Convention about to be concluded between the two Governments being men of great experience, and will consider it a duty which they owe to the emigrant to confine the selection of these officers to such as in all respects conform to the requirements specified in the note above referred to, which, together with the present one, it has been mutually agreed shall, in proof of that understanding, be appended to the said Convention.-I have, &c.
The Marquess of Lansdowne, K. G.,
etc.,
etc.,
etc.
(Signed)
T. Y. CHANG.
EXCHANGE OF NOTES BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM
AND RUSSIA WITH REGARD TO THEIR RESPECTIVE
RAILWAY INTERESTS IN CHINA
No. 1
Sir C. Scott to Count Mouravief
The Undersigned, British Ambassador, duly authorized to that effect, has the honour to make the following declaration to his Excellency Count Mouravieff, Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs:-
Great Britain and Russia, animated by a sincere desire to avoid in China all cause of conflict on questions where their interests meet, and taking into considera- tion the economic and geographical gravitation of certain parts of that Empire, have agreed as follows:-
1. Great Britain engages not to seek for her own account, or on behalf of British subjects or of others, any railway concessions to the north of the Great Wall of China, and not to obstruct, directly or indirectly, applications for railway concessions in that region supported by the Russian Government.
2.-Russia, on her part, engages not to seek for her own account, or on behalf of Russian subjects or of others, any railway concessions in the basin of the Yang- tze, and not to obstruct, directly or indirectly, applications for railway concessions in that region supported by the British Government.
The two Contracting Parties, having nowise in view to infringe in any way the sovereign rights of China or existing Treaties, will not fail to communicate to the Chinese Government the present arrangement, which, by averting all cause of com. plications between them, is of a nature to consolidate peace in the Far East, and to serve the primordial interests of China herself.
(Signed) CHARLES S. SCOTT.
St. Petersburg, April 28, 1899.
The Undersigned, Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs, duly authorized to that effect, has the honour to make the following declaration to his Excellency Sir Charles Scott, British Ambassador :-
Russia and Great Britain, animated by the sincere desire to avoid in China all cause of conflict on questions where their interests meet, and taking into considera- tion the economic and geographical gravitation of certain parts of that Empire, have agreed as follows-
1.-Russia engages not to seek for her own account, or on behalf of Russian subjects or of others, any railway concessions in the basin of the Yangtze, and not to obstruct, directly or indirectly, applications for railway concessions in that region supported by the British Government.
EXCHANGE OF NOTES BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND RUSSIA 63
2. Great Britain, on her part, engages not to seek for her own account, or on behalf of British subjects or of others, any railway concessions to the north of the Great Wall of China, and not to obstruct, directly or indirectly, applications for railway concessions in that region supported by the Russian Government.
The two Contracting Parties, having nowise in view to infringe in any way the sovereign rights of China or of existing Treaties, will not fail to communicate to the Chinese Government the present arrangement, which, by averting all cause of complication between them, is of a nature to consolidate peace in the Far East, and to serve the primordial interests of China herself.
The Undersigned, etc.
St. Petersburg, April 16 (28), 1899.
(Signed) Count MOURAVIEFF.
No. 3
Sir C. Scott to Count Mouravieff
In order to complete the Notes exchanged this day respecting the partition of spheres for concessions for the construction and working of railways in China, it has been agreed to record in the present additional note the arrangement arrived at with regard to the line Shanhaikuan-Newchwang, for the construction of which a loan has been already contracted by the Chinese Government with the Shanghai- Hongkong Bank, acting on behalf of the British and Chinese Corporation.
The general arrangement established by the above-mentioned Notes is not to infringe in any way the rights acquired under the said Loan Contract, and the Chinese Government may appoint both an English engineer an an European accountant to supervise the construction of the line in quest'on, and the expenditure of the money appropriated to it.
But it remains understood that this fact cannot be taken as constituting a right of property or foreign control, and that the line in question is to remain a Chinese line, under the control of the Chinese Government, and cannot be mortgaged or alienated to a non-
-Chinese Company.
As regards the branch line from Siaoheichan to Sinminting, in addition to the aforesaid restrictions, it has been agreel that it is to be constructed by China her- self, who may permit European--not necessarily British-engineers to periodically inspect it, and to verify and certify that the work is being properly executed.
The present special Agreement is naturally not to interfere in any way with the right of the Russian Government to support, if it thinks fit, applications of Russian subjects or establishments for concessions for railways, which, starting from the main Manchurian line in a south-westerly direction, would traverse the region in which the Chinese line terminating at Siuminting and Newchwang is to be constructed.
St. Petersburg, April 28th, 1899.
(Signed) CHARLES S. SCOTT.
No. 4
Count Mouravieff to Sir C. Scott
In order to complete the Notes exchanged this day respecting the partition of spheres for concessions for the construction and working of railways in China, it has been agreed to record in the present additional Note the Agreement arrived at with
61
AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
regard to the line Shanhaikuan-Newchwang, for the construction of which a loam has been already contracted by the Chinese Government with the Shanghai-Hong- kong Bank, acting on behalf of the British and Chinese Corporation.
The general arrangement established by the above-mentioned Notes is not to infringe in any way the rights acquired under the said Loan Contract, and the Chinese Government is at liberty to appoint both an English engineer and an European accountant to supervise the construction of the line in question and the expenditure of the money appropriated to it. But it remains well understood that this fact cannot be taken as constituting a right of property or foreign control, and that the line in question is to remain a Chinese line, subject to the control of the Chinese Government, and cannot be mortgaged or alienated to a non-Chinese Company.
As regards the branch line from Siaoheïchan to Sinminting, in addition to the aforesaid restrictions, it has been agreed that it is to be constructed by China herself, who may permit European-not necessarily British-engineers to periodi- cally inspect it, and to verify and certify that the works are being properly executed. The present special Agreement is naturally not to interfere in any way with the right of the Russian Government to support, if it thinks fit, applications of Russian subjects or establishments for concessions for railways, which, starting from the main Manchurian line in a south-westerly direction, would traverse the region in which the Chinese line terminating at Sinminting and Newchwang is to be constructed.
The Undersigned, etc.
(Signed) Count MOURAVIEFF.
St. Petersburg, April 16 (28), 1899.
AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
Signed at Peking, April 27th, 1906
TO WHICH IS ANNEXED THE CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED Kingdom
AND TIBET, SIGNED AT LHASA, SEPTEMBER 7TH, 1904
Ratifications exchanged at London, July 23rd, 1906
Whereas His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of China are sincerely desirous to maintain and perpetuate the relations of friendship and good understanding which now exist between their respective Empires;
And whereas the refusal of Tibet to recognise the validity of or to carry into full effect the provisions of the Anglo-Chinese Convention of March 17th, 1890, and Regulations of December 5th, 1893, placed the British Government under the necessity of taking steps to secure their rights and interests under the said Convention and Regulations.
AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
65
And whereas a Convention of ten articles was signed at Lhasa on September 7th, 1904, on behalf of Great Britain and Tibet, and was ratified by the Viceroy and Governor-General of India on behalf of Great Britain on November 11th, 1904, a declaration on behalf of Great Britain modifying its terms under certain conditions being appended thereto;
His Britannic Majesty and His Majesty the Emperor of China have resolved to conclude a Convention on this subject, and have for this purpose named Plenipoten- tiaries, that is to say:
His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland:
Sir Ernest Mason Satow, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, His said Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of China; and
His Majesty the Emperor of China:
His Excellency Tang Shao-yi, His said Majesty's High Commissioner Pleni- potentiary and a Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs;
Who, having communicated to each other their respective full powers and find- ing them to be in good and true form, have agreed upon and concluded the follow- ing Convention in Six Articles :-
Art. I. The Convention concluded on September 7th, 1904, by Great Britain and Tibet, the texts of which in English and Chinese are attached to the present Convention as an Annex, is hereby confirmed, subject to the modification stated in the declaration appended thereto, and both of the High Contracting Parties engage to take at all times such steps as may be necessary to secure the due fulfilment of the terms specified therein.
Art. II. The Government of Great Britain engages not to annex Tibetan territory or to interfere in the administration of Tibet. The Government of China also undertakes not to permit any other foreign State to interfere with the territory or internal administration of Tibet.
Art. III. The concessions which are mentioned in Article 9 (d) of the Con- vention concluded on September 7th, 1904, by Great Britain and Tibet are denied to any State or to the subject of any State other than China, but it has been arranged with China that at the trade marts specified in Article 2 of the aforesaid Convention Great Britain shall be entitled to lay down telegraph lines connecting with India.
Art. IV. The provisions of the Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1890 and Regulations of 1893 shall, subject to the terms of this present Convention and Annex thereto, remain in full force.
Art. V. The English and Chinese texts of the present Convention have been carefully compared and found to correspond, but in the event of there being any difference of meaning between them the English text shall be authoritative.
Art. VI. This Convention shall be ratified by the Sovereigns of both countries. and ratifications shall be exchanged in London within three months after the date of signature by the Plenipotentiaries of both Powers.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this Convention, four copies in English and four in Chinese.
Dore at Peking this twenty-seventh day of April, one thousand nine hundred and six, Leing the fourth day of the fourth month of the thirty-second year of the reign of Kuang Hsü.
[L.S.]
ERNEST SATow.
(Signature and Seal of the Chinese
Plenipotentiary)
3
66
89
AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
SIGNED AT LHASA, 7TH SEPTEMBER, 1904
Whereas doubts and difficulties have arisen as to the meaning and validity of the Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1890, and the Trade Regulations of 1893, and as to the liabilities of the Tibetan Government under these agreements; and whereas recent occurrences have tended towards a disturbance of the relations of friendship and good understanding which have existed between the British Government and the Government of Tibet; and whereas it is desirable to restore peace and amicable relations and to resolve and determine the doubts and difficulties as aforesaid, the said Governments have resolved to conclude a Convention with these objects, and the following Articles have been agreed upon by Colonel F. E. Younghusband, C.I.E., in virtue of full powers vested in him by His Britannic Majesty's Government and on behalf of that said Government, and Lo-Sang Gyal-Tsen, the Ga-den Ti-Rimpoche, and the representatives of the Council of the three monasteries Se-ra, Dre-pung, and Ga-den, and of the ecclesiastical and lay officials of the National Assembly on behalf of the Government of Tibet:-
I.-The Government of Tibet engages to respect the Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1890 and to recognise the frontier between Sikkim and Tibet, as defined in Article I of the said Convention, and to erect boundary pillars accordingly.
II. The Tibetan Government undertakes to open forthwith trade marts to which all British and Tibetan subjects shall have free right of access at Gyangtse and Gartok, as well as at Yatung.
The Regulations applicable to the trade mart at Yatung, under the Anglo-Chinese Agreement of 1893, shall, subject to such amendments as may hereafter be agreed upon by common consent between the British and Tibetan Governments, apply to the marts above mentioned.
In addition to establishing trade marts at the places mentioned, the Tibetan Government undertakes to place no restrictions on the trade by existing routes, and to consider the question of establishing fresh trade marts under similar conditions if development of trade requires it.
III.-The question of the amendment of the Regulations of 1893 is reserved for separate consideration, and the Tibetan Government undertakes to appoint fully authorised delegates to negotiate with representatives of the British Government as to the details of the amendments required.
IV. The Tibetan Government undertakes to levy no dues of any kind other th an those provided for in the tariff to be mutually agreed upon.
V.-The Tibetan Government undertakes to keep the roads to Gyangtse and Gartok from the frontier clear of all obstruction and in a state of repair suited to the needs of the trade, and to establish at Yatung, Gyangtse and Gartok, and at each of the other trade marts that may hereafter be established, a Tibetan Agent who shall receive from the British Agent appointed to watch over British tra le at the marts in question any letter which the latter may desire to send to the Tibetan or to the Chinese authorities. The Tibetan Agent shall also be responsible for the due delivery of such communications and for the transmission of replies.
VI.-As an indemnity to the British Government for the expense incurred in the despatch of armed troops to Lhasa, to exact reparation for breaches of treaty obligations, and for the insults offered to and attacks upon the British Commissioner and his following and escort, the Tibetan Government engages to pay a sum of Pounds five hundred thousand, equivalent to Rupees seventy-five lakhs, to the British Government.
The indemnity shall be payable at such place as the British Government may from time to time, after due notice, indicate, whether in Tibet or in the British districts of Darjeeling or Jalpaiguri, in seventy-five annual instalments of Rupees one lakh each on the 1st January in each year, beginning from the 1st January, 1906.
VII. As security for the payment of the above-mentioned indemnity, and for the fulfilment of the provisions relative to trade marts specified in Articles II., III., IV., and V.,
AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
67
the British Government shall continue to occupy the Chumbi Valley until the Indemnity has been paid and until the trade marts have been effectively opened for three years, whichever date may be the later.
VIII. The Tibetan Government agrees to raze all forts and fortifications and remove all armaments which might impede the course of free communications between the British frontier and the towns of Gyangtse and Lhasa."
IX.-The Government of Tibet engages that, without the previous consent of the
British Government-
(a) No portion of Tibetan territory shall be ceded, sold, leased, mortgaged, or otherwise given for occupation, to any foreign Power;
(b) No such Power shall be permitted to intervene in Tibetan affairs;
(c) No representatives or agents of any foreign Power shall be admitted to Tibet; (d) No concessions for railways, roads, telegraphs, mining or other rights, shall be granted to any foreign Power, or the subject of any foreign Power. In the event of consent to such concessions being granted, similar or equivalent concessions shall be granted to the British Government;
(e) No Tibetan revenues, whether in kind or in cash, shall be pledged or assigned to any foreign Power, or the subject of any foreign Power.
X.-In witness whereof the negotiators have signed the same, and affixed there- unto the seals of their arms.
Done in quintuplicate at Lhasa, this 7th day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and four, corresponding with the Tibetan date, the 27th day of the seventh month of the Wood Dragon year.
ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND RUSSIA CONCERNING TIBET
The Governments of Britain and Russia recognizing the suzerain rights of China in Tibet, and considering the fact that Great Britain, by reason of her geographical position, has a special interest in the maintenance of the status quo in the external relations of Tibet, have made the following Arrangement:---
I. The two High Contracting Parties engage to respect the territorial integrity of Tibet and to abstain from all interference in its internal administration.
II. In conformity with the admitted principle of the suzerainty of China over Tibet, Great Britain and Russia engage not to enter into negotiations with Tibet except through the intermediary of the Chinese Government. This engagement does not exclude the direct relations between British Commercial Agents and the Tibetan authorities provided for in Article V. of the Convention Letween Great Britain and Tibet of September 7th, 1904, and confirmed by the Convention between Great Britain and China of April 27th, 1906; nor does it modify the engagements entered into by Great Britain and China in Article I. of the said Convention of 1906.
It is clearly understood that Buddhists, subjects of Great Britain or of Russia, may enter into direct relations on strictly religious matters with the Dalai Lama and the other representatives of Buddhism in Tibet; the Governments of Great Britain and Russia engage, as far as they are concerned, not to allow those relations to infringe the stipulations of the present arrangement.
III. The British and Russian Governments respectively engage not to send representatives to Lhasa.
IV. The two High Contracting Parties engage neither to seek nor to obtain, whether for themselves or their subjects, any concessions for railways, roads, tele- graphs and mines, or other rights in Tibet.
V.-The two Governments agree that no part of the revenues of Tibet, whether in kind or in cash, shall be pledged or assigned to Great Britain or Russia or to any of their subjects.
3*
68
AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
ANNEX
Great Britain reaffirms the Declaration, signed by His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor General of India and appended to the ratification of the Convention of September 7th, 1901, to the effect that the occupation of the Chumbi Valley by British forces shall cease after the payment of three annual instalments of the indemnity of 25,000,000 Rupees, provided that the trade marts mentioned in Article II. of that Convention have been effectively opened for three years, and that in the meantime the Tibetan authorities have faithfully complied in all respects with the terms of the said Convention of 1904. It is clearly understood that if the occupa- tion of the Chumbi Valley by the British forces has, for any reason, not been terminated at the time anticipated in the above Declaration, the British and Russian Governments will enter upon a friendly exchange of views on this subject.
The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at St. Petersburg as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Convention and a fixed thereto their seal s.
Done in duplicate at St. Petersburg, the 18th (31st) August, 1907.
[L.S.] [L.S.]
A. NICOLSON.
ISWOLSKY.
St. Petersburg, August 18th (31st), 1907
M. le Ministre,-With reference to the Arrangement regarding Tibet, signed to- day, I have the honour to make the following Declaration to your Excellency :----
"His Britannic Majesty's Government think it desirable, so far as they are concerned, not to allow, unless by a previous agreement with the Russian Government, for a period of three years from the date of the present com:nunication, the entry into Tibet of any scientific mission whatever, on condition that a like assurance is given on the part of the Imperial Russian Government.
"His Britannic Majesty's Government propose, moreover, to approach the Chinese Government with a view to induce them to accept a similiar obligation for a corresponding Period; the Russian Government will, as a matter of course, take similar action.
"At the expiration of the term of three years above mentioned His Britannic Majesty's Government will, if necessary, consult with the Russian Government as to the desirability of any ulterior measures with regard to scientific expeditions to Tibët."
I avail, etc.,
St. Petersburg, August 18th (31st), 1907
A. NICOLSON.
M. l'Ambassadeur,-In reply to your Excelleney's note of even date, I have the honour to declare that the Imperial Russian Government think it desirable, so far as they are concerned, not to allow, unless by a previous agreement with the British Government, for a period of three years from the date of the present communication, the entry into Tibet of any scientific mission whatever.
Like the British Government, the Imperial Government propose to approach the Chinese Government with a view to induce them to accept a similar obligation for a corresponding period.
It is understood that at the expiration of the term of three years the two Governments will, if necessary, consult with each other as to the desirability of any ulterior measures with regard to scientific expeditions to Tibet.
I have, etc.,
ISWOLSKY.
OPIUM AGREEMENT
[DONE AT PEKING, MAY 8TH, 1911]
Under the arrangement concluded between His Majesty's Government and the Chinese Government three years ago, His Majesty's Government undertook that if during the period of three years from January 1st, 1908, the Chinese Government should duly carry out the arrangement on their part for reducing the production and consumption of opium in China, they would continue in the same proportion of ten per cent. the annual diminution of the export of opium from India, until the completion of the full period of ten years in 1917.
His Majesty's Government, recognizing the sincerity of the Chinese Govern- ment, and their pronounced success in diminishing the production of opium in China during the past three years, are prepared to continue the arrangement of 1907 for the unexpired period of seven years on the following conditions:-
I. From the first of January, 1911, China shall diminish annually for seven years the production of opium in China in the same proportion as the annual export from India is diminished in accordance with the terms of Agreement and of the Annex appended hereto until total extinction in 1917.
II. The Chinese Government have adopted a most rigorous policy for prohibit- ing the production, the transport and the smoking of native opium, and His Majesty's Government have expressed their agreement therewith and willingness to give every assistance. With a view to facilitating the continuance of this work, His Majesty's Government agree that the export of opium from India to China shall cease in less than seven years if clear proof is given of the complete absence of native opium in China.
III. His Majesty's Government further agree that Indian opium shall not be conveyed into any province in China which can establish by clear evidence that it has effectively suppressed the cultivation and import of native opium.
It is understood, however, that the closing of the ports of Canton and Shanghai to the import of Indian opium shall not take effect except as the final step on the part of the Chinese Government for the completion of the above measure.
IV. During the period of this Agreement it shall be permissible for His Majesty's Government to obtain continuous evidence of this diminution by local enquiries and investigation conducted by one or more British officials accompanied, if the Chinese Government so desire, by a Chinese official. Their decision as to the extent of cultivation shall be accepted by both parties to this Agreement,
During the above period one or more British officials shall be given facilities for reporting on the taxation and trade restrictions on opium away from the Treaty ports.
V. By the arrangement of 1907 His Majesty's Government agreed to the despatch by China of an official to India to watch the opium sales on condition that such official would have no power of interference. His Majesty's Government further agree that the official so despatched may be present at the packing of opium on the same condition.
70
OPIUM AGREEMENT
VI.-The Chinese Government undertake to levy a uniform tax on all opium grown in the Chinese Empire. His Majesty's Government consent to increase the present consolidated import duty on Indian opium to Tls. 350 per chest of 100 catties, such increase to take effect as soon as the Chinese Government levy an equivalent excise tax on all native opium.
VII. On confirmation of this Agreement and beginning with the collection of the new rate of consolidated import duty, China will at once cause to be withdrawn all restrictions placed by the Provincial authorities on the wholesale trade in Indian opium, such as those recently imposed at Canton and elsewhere, and also all taxation on the wholesale trade other than the consolidated import duty, and no such restrictions or taxation shall be again imposed so long as the Additional Article to the Chefoo Agreement remains as at present in force.
It is also understood that Indian raw opium having paid the consolidated import duty shall be exempt from any further taxation whatsoever in the port of import.
Should the conditions contained in the above two clauses not be duly observed, His Majesty's Government shall be at liberty to suspend or terminate this Agreement at any time.
The foregoing stipulations shall not derogate in any manner from the force of the laws already published or hereafter to be published by the Imperial Chinese Government to suppress the smoking of opium and to regulate the retail trade in the drug in general.
VIII. With a view to assisting China in the suppression of opium His Majesty's Government undertake that from the year 1911 the Government of India will issue an export permit with a consecutive number for each chest of Indian opium declared for shipment to or for consumption in China.
During the year 1911 the number of permits so issued shall not exceed 30,600 and shall be progressively reduced annually by 5,100 during the remaining six years ending 1917.
A copy of each permit so issued shall, before shipment of opium declared for shipment to or consumption in China, be handed to the Chinese official for trans- mission to his Government, or to the Customs authorities in China.
His Majesty's Government undertake that each chest of opium for which such permit has been granted shall be sealed by an official deputed by the Indian Government in the presence of the Chinese official if so requested.
The Chinese Government undertake that chests of opium so sealed and accompanied by such permits may be imported into any Treaty Port of China without let or hindrance if such seals remain unbroken.
IX. Should it appear on subsequent experience desirable at any time during the unexpired portion of seven years to modify this Agree.nent or any part thereof, it may be revised by mutual consent of the two high contracting parties.
X.-This Agreement shall come into force on the date of signature.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed the same an I have affixed thereto their seals.
Done at Peking in quadruplicate (four in English and four in Chinese) this eighth day of May, one thousand nine hundred and eleven, being the tenth day of the fourth month of the third year of Hsuan T'ung.
[L.S.]
J. N. JORDAN.
[L.S.]
TSOU CHIA-LAL.
OPIUM AGREEMENT
ANNEX
71
On the date of the signature of the Agreement a list shall be taken by the Commissioners of Customs acting in concert with the Colonial and Consular officials of all uncertified Indian opium in bond at the Treaty Ports and of all uncertified opium in stock in Hongkong which is bona fide intended for the Chinese market, and all such opium shall be marked with labels and on payment of Tls. 110 con- solidated import duty shall be entitled to the same Treaty rights and privileges in China as certificated opium.
Opium so marked and in stock in Hongkong must be exported to a Chinese port within seven days of the signature of the Agreement.
All other uncertificated Indian opium shall for a period of two months from the date of the signature of the Agreement be landed at the ports of Shanghai and Canton only, and at the expiration of this period all Treaty Ports shall be closed to uncerti- ficated opium provided the Chinese Government have obtained the consent of the other Treaty Powers.
The Imperial Maritime Customs shall keep a return of all uncertificated opium landed at Shanghai and Canton during this period of two months, other than opium marked and labelled as provided above, and such opium shall pay the new rate of consolidated import duty and shall not be re-exported in bond to other Treaty ports.
In addition to the annual reduction of 5,100 chests already agreed upon, His Majesty's Government agree further to reduce the import of Indian opium during each of the years 1912, 1913 and 1914 by an amount equal to one-third of the total ascertained amount of the uncertificated Indian opium in bond in Chinese Treaty Ports, and in stock in Hongkong on the date of signature, plus one-third of the amount of uncertificated Indian opium landed during the ensuing two months at Shanghai and Canton.
Done at Peking this eighth day of May one thousand nine hundred and eleven, being the tenth day of the fourth month of the third year of Hsuan T'ung.
[L.S.] J N. JORDAN.
[L.S.]
TSOU CHIA-LAI.
FRANCE
TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND
NAVIGATION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
SIGNED, IN THE FRENCH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES, AT TIENTSIN, 27TH JUNE, 1858
Ratifications Exchanged at Peking, 25th October, 1860
His Majesty the Emperor of the French and His Majesty the Emperor of China,. being desirous to put an end to the existing misunderstanding between the two Empires, and wishing to re-establish and improve the relations of friendship, com- merce, and navigation between the two Powers, have resolved to conclude a new Treaty based on the common interest of the two countries, and for that purpose have named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:-
His Majesty the Emperor of the French, Baron Gros, Grand Officer of the Legiou of Honour, Grand Cross of the Order of the Saviour of Greece, Commander of the Order of the Conception of Portugal, etc., etc., etc.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Kweiliang, Imperial High Commis- sioner of the Ta-Tsing Dynasty, Grand Minister of the East Palace, Director-General of the Council of Justice, etc., etc., etc.; and Hwashana, Imperial High Commissioner of the Ta-Tsing Dynasty, President of the Board of Finance, General of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Chinese Banner Force, etc., etc., etc.;
Who, having exchanged their full powers, which they have found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles :-
Art. I.-There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between His Majesty the Emperor of the French and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between the subjects of the two Empires, who shall enjoy equally in the respective States of the high contracting parties full and entire protection for their persons and property.
Art. II. In order to maintain the peace so happily re-established between the two empires it has been agreed between the high contracting parties that, following in this respect the practice amongst Western nations, the duly accredited diplomatic agents of His Majesty the Emperor of the French and of His Majesty the Emperor of China shall have the right of resorting to the capital of the empire when important affairs call them there. It is agreed between the high contracting parties that if any one of the Powers having a treaty with China obtains for its diplomatic agents the right of permanently residing at Peking, France shall immediately enjoy the same right.
The diplomatic agents shall reciprocally enjoy, in the place of their residence, the privileges and immunities accorded to them by international law, that is to say, that their persons, their families, their houses, and their correspondence, shall be inviolable, that they may take into their service such employés, couriers, interpreters, servants, etc., etc., as shall be necessary to them.
The expense of every kind occasioned by the diplomatic mission of France in China shall be defrayed by the French Government. The diplomatic agents whom
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
73
it shall please the Emperor of China to accredit to His Majesty the Emperor of the French, shall be received in France with all the honours and prerogatives which the diplomatic agents of other nations accredited to the Court of His Majesty the Emperor of the French enjoy.
Art. III. The official communications of the French diplomatic and consular agents with the Chinese authorities shall be written in French, but shall be accom- panied, to facilitate the service, by a Chinese translation, as exact as possible, until such time as the Imperial Government at Peking, having interpreters speaking and writing French correctly, diplomatic correspondence shall be conducted in this language by the French agents and in Chinese by the officers of the Empire. It is agreed that until then, and in case of difference in the interpretation, in reference to the French text and Chinese text of the clauses heretofore agreed upon in the conventions made by common accord, it shall always be the original text and not the translation which shall be held correct. This provision applies to the present Treaty, and in the communications between the authorities of the two countries it shall always be the original text, not the translation, which shall be held correct.
Art. IV. Henceforth the official correspondence between the authorities and the officers of the two countries shall be regulated according to their respective ranks and conditions and upon the basis of the most absolute reciprocity. This correspondence shall take place between the high French officers and high Chinese officers, in the capital or elsewhere, by dispatch or communication; between the French sub- ordinate officers and the high authorities in the provinces, on the part of the former by statement, and on the part of the latter by declaration.
Between the officers of lower rank of the two nations, as above provided, on the footing of a perfect equality.
Merchants and generally all persons not having an official character shall on both sides use the form of representation in all documents addressed to or intended for the notice of the respective authorities.
Whenever a French subject shall have recourse to the Chinese authority, his representation shall first be submitted to the Consul, who, if it appears to him reasonable and properly addressed, shall forward it; if it be otherwise, the Consul. shall cause the tenour to be modified or refuse to transmit it. The Chinese, on their part, when they have to address a Consulate, shall follow a similar course towards the Chinese authority, who shall act in the same manner.
Art. V.-His Majesty the Emperor of the French may appoint Consuls or Con- sular Agents in the coast and river ports of the Chinese empire named in Article VI. of the present Treaty to conduct the business between the Chinese authorities and French merchants and subjects and to see to the strict observance of the stipulated rules. These officers shall be treated with the consideration and regard which are due to them. Their relations with the authorities of the place of their residence shall be established on the footing of the most perfect equality. If they shall have to complain of the proceedings of the said authorities, they may address the superior authority of the province direct, and shall immediately advise the Minister Plenipo- tentiary of the Emperor thereof.
In case of the absence of the French Consul, captains and merchants shall be at liberty to have recourse to the intervention of the Consul of a friendly Power, or, if this be impossible, they shall have recourse to the chief of the Customs, who shall advise as to the means of assuring to the said captains and merchants the benefits of the present Treaty.
Art. VI.-Experience having demonstrated that the opening of new ports to foreign commerce is one of the necessities of the age, it has been agreed that the forts of Kiung-chow and Chao-chow in the province of Kwangtung, Taiwan and Tamsui in the island of Formosa (province of Fohkien), Tang-chow in the pro- vince of Shantung, and Nanking in the province of Kiangsu, shall enjoy the same privileges as Canton, Shanghai, Ningpo, Amoy, and Foochow. With regard to
74
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
Nanking, the French agents in China shall not deliver passports to their nationals for this city until the rebels have been expelled by the Imperial troops.
Art. VII.-French subjects and their families may establish themselves and trade or pursue their avocations in all security, and without hindrance of any kind in the ports and cities enumerated in the preceding Article.
They may travel freely between then if they are provided with passports, but it is expressly forbidden to them to trade elsewhere on the coast in search of clandestine markets, under pain of confiscation of both the ships and goods used in such operations, and this confiscation shall be for the benefit of the Chinese Govern- ment, who, however, before the seizure and confiscation can be legally pronounced, must advise the French Consul at the nearest port.
Art. VIII.-French subjects who wish to go to interior towns, or ports not open to foreign vessels, may do so in all security, on the express condition that they are provided with passports written in French and Chinese, legally delivered by the diplomatic agents or Consuls of France in China and vised by the Chinese authorities.
In case of the loss of his passport, the French subject who cannot present it when it is legally required of him shall, if the Chinese authorities of the place refuse him permission to remain a sufficient time to obtain another passport from the Consul, be conducted to the nearest Consulate and shall not be maltreated or insulted in any way.
As is stipulated in the former Treaties, French subjects resident or sojourning in the ports open to foreign trade may travel without passports in their immediate neighbourhood and there pursue their occupations as freely as the natives, but they must not pass certain limits which shall be agreed upon between the Consul and the local authority. The French agents in China shall deliver passports to their nationals only for the places where the rebels are not established at the time the passport shall be demanded.
These passports shall be delivered by the French authorities only to persons who offer every desirable guarantee.
Art. IX.-All changes made by common consent with one of the signatory Powers of the treaties with China on the subject of amelioration of the tariff now in force, or which may hereafter be in force, as also all rights of customs, tonnage, importation, transit, and exportation, shall be immediately applicable to French trade and mer- chants by the mere fact of their being placed in execution.
Art. X.-Any French subject who, conformably to the stipulations of Article VI. of the present Treaty, shall arrive at one of the ports open to foreign trade, may, whatever may be the length of his sojourn, rent houses and warehouses for the disposal of his merchandise, or lease land and himself build houses and warehouses. French subjects may, in the same manner, establish churches, hospitals, religious houses, schools, and cemeteries. To this end the local authority, after having agreed with the Consul, shall designate the quarters most suitable for the residence of the French and the sites on which the above-mentioned structures may have place.
The terms of rents and leases shall be freely discussed between the interested parties and regulated, as far as possible, according to the average local rates.
The Chinese authorities shall prevent their nationals from exacting or requiring exorbitant prices, and the Consul on his side shall see that French subjects use no violence or constraint to force the consent of the proprietors. It is further under-
stood that the number of houses and the extent of the ground to be assigned to French subjects in the ports open to foreign trade shall not be limited, and that they shall be determined according to the needs and convenience of the parties. If Chinese subjects injure or destroy French churches or cemeteries, the guilty parties shall be punished with all the rigour of the laws of the country.
Art. XI.-French subjects in the ports open to foreign trade may freely engage, on the terms agreed upon between the parties, or by the sole intervention of the Consul, compradores, interpreters, clerks, workmen, watermen, and servants. They shall also have the right of engaging teachers in order to learn to speak and write
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
75
the Chinese language and any other language or dialect used in the empire, as also to secure their aid in scientific or literary works. Equally they may teach to Chinese subjects their own or foreign languages and sell without obstacle French books or themselves purchase Chinese books of all descriptions.
Art. XII.-Property of any kind appertaining to French subjects in the Chinese empire shall be considered by the Chinese inviolable and shall always be respected by them. The Chinese authorities shall not, under any circumstances whatever, place French vessels under embargo nor put them under requisition for any service, be it public or private.
Art. XIII. The Christian religion having for its essential object the leading of men to virtue, the members of all Christian communities shall enjoy entire security for their persons and property and the free exercise of their religion, and efficient protection shall be given the missionaries who travel peaceably in the interior furnished with passports as provided for in Article VIII.
No hindrance shall be offered by the authorities of the Chinese Empire to the recognised right of every individual in China to embrace, if he so pleases, Chris- tianity, and to follow its practices without being liable to any punishment therefor.
All that has previously been written, proclaimed, or published in China by order of the Government against the Christian religion is completely abrogated and remains null and void in all provinces of the Empire.
Art. XIV. No privileged commercial society shall henceforward be established in China, and the same shall apply to any organised coalition having for its end the exercise of a monopoly of trade. In case of the contravention of the present article the Chinese Authorities, on the representations of the Consul or Consular Agent, shall advise as to the means of dissolving such associations, of which they are also bound to prevent the existence by the preceding prohibitions, so as to remove all that may stand in the way of free competition.
Art. XV.-When a French vessel arrives in the waters of one of the ports open to foreign trade she shall be at liberty to engage any pilot to take her immediately into the port, and, in the same manner, when, having discharged all legal charges she shall be ready to put to sea, she shall not be refused pilots to enable her to leave the port without hindrance or delay.
Any individual who wishes to exercise the profession of pilot for French vessels may, on the presentation of three certificates from captains of ships, be commissioned by the French Consul in the same manner as shall be in use with other nations.
The remuneration payable to pilots shall be equitably regulated for each parti- cular port by the Consul or Consular Agent, who shall fix it, having regard to the distance and circumstances of the navigation.
Art. XVI.-After the pilot has brought a French trading ship into the port, the Superintendent of Customs shall depute one or two officers to guard the ship and prevent fraud. These officers may, according to their convenience, remain in their own boat or stay on board the ship.
Their pay, food, and expenses shall be a charge on the Chinese Customs, and they shall not demand any fee or remuneration whatever from the captain or consignee. Every contravention of this provision shall entail a punishment proportionate to the amount exacted, which also shall be returned in full.
Art. XVII.-Within the twenty-four hours following the arrival of a French merchant vessel in one of the ports open to foreign trade, the captain, if he be not unavoidably prevented, and in his default the supercargo or consignee, shall report at the French Consulate and place in the hands of the Consul the ship's papers, the bills of lading, and the manifest. Within the twenty-four hours next following the Consul shall send to the Superintendent of Customs a detailed note indicating the name of the vessel, the articles, the tonnage, and the nature of the cargo; if, in consequence of the negligence of the captain this cannot be accomplished within the forty-eight hours following the arrival of the vessel, the captain shall be liable to a penalty of 50 Dollars for each day's delay, to the profit of the Chinese Government, but the said penalty shall in no case exceed the sum of 200 Dollars.
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Immediately after the reception of the consular note the Superintendent of Customs shall give a permit to open hatches. If the captain, before having received the said permit, shall have opened hatches and commenced to discharge, he may be fined 500 Dollars, and the goods discharged may be seized, the whole to the profit of the Chinese Government.
Art. XVIII.-French captains and merchants may hire whatever boats and lighters they please for the transport of goods and passengers, and the sum to be paid for such boats shall be settled between the parties themselves, without the intervention of the Chinese authority, and consequently without its guarantee in case of accident, fraud, or disappearance of the said boats. The number of these boats shall not be limited, nor shall a monopoly in respect either of the boats or of the carriage of merchandise by porters be granted to any one.
Art. XIX.-Whenever a French merchant shall have merchandise to load or discharge he shall first remit a detailed note of it to the Consul or Consular Agent, who will immediately charge a recognised interpreter to the Consulate to communicate it to the Superintendent of Customs. The latter shall at once deliver a permit for shipping or landing the goods. He will then proceed to the verification of the goods in such manner that there shall be no chance of loss to any party.
The French merchant must cause himself to be represented (if he does not prefer to attend himself) at the place of the verification by a person possessing the requisite knowledge to protect his interest at the time when the verification for the liquida- tion of the dues is made; otherwise any after claim will be null and of no effect.
With respect to goods subject to an ad valorem duty, if the merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officers as to their value, then each party shall call in two og three merchants to examine the goods, and the highest price which shall be offered by any of them shall be assumed as the value of the said goods.
Duties shall be charged on the net weight; the tare will therefore be deducted. If the French merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officer on the amount of tare, each party shall choose a certain number of chests and bales from among the goods respecting which there is a dispute; these shall be first weighed gross, then tared and the average tare of these shall be taken as the tare for all the others.
If during the course of verification any difficulty arises which cannot be settled, the French merchant may claim the intervention of the Consul, who will immediately bring the subject of dispute to the notice of the Superintendent of Customs, and both will endeavour to arrive at an amicable arrangement, but the claim must be made within twenty-four hours; otherwise it will not receive attention. So long as the result of the dispute remains pending, the Superintendent of Customs shall not enter the matter in his books, thus leaving every latitude for the examination and solution of the difficulty.
On goods imported which have sustained damage a reduction of duties propor- tionate to their depreciation shall be made. This shall be equitably determined, and, if necessary, in the manner above stipulated for the fixing of ad valorem duties.
Art. XX.-Any vessel having entered one of the ports of China, and which has not yet used the permit to open hatches mentioned in Article XIX., may within two days of arrival quit that port and proceed to another without having to pay either tonnage dues or Customs duties, but will discharge them ultimately in the port where sale of the goods is effected.
Art. XXI.-It is established by common consent that import duties shall be discharged by the captains or French merchants after the landing and verification of the goods. Export duties shall in the same manner be paid on the shipment of the goods. When all tonnage dues and Customs duties shall have been paid in full by a French vessel the Superintenent of Customs shall give a general aquittance, on the exhibition of which the Consul shall return the ship's papers to the captain and permit him to depart on his voyage. The Superintendent of Customs shall name one or several banks, which shall be authorised to receive the sum due by French merchants on account of the Government, and the receipts of these banks for all payments which have been made to them shall be considered as receipts of the
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
77
Chinese Government. These payments may be made in ingots or foreign money, the relative value of which to sycee shall be determined by agreement between the Consul or Consular Agent and the Superintendent of Customs in the different ports, according to time, place, and circumstances.
Art. XXII.--*After the expiration of the two days named in Art. XX., and before proceeding to discharge her cargo, every vessel shall pay tonnage-dues accord- ing to the following scale :-' -Vessels of one hundred and fifty tons and upwards at the rate of four mace per ton; vessels of less than one hundred and fifty tons mea- surement at the rate of one mace per ton.
Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China for any other of the open ports, or trading between China and such ports in Cochin-China as belong to France, or any port in Japan, shall be entitled, on application of the master, to a special certificate from the Superintendent of Customs, on exhibition of which the said vessel shall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage-dues in any open port of China for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of her port-clearance; but after the expiration of four months she shall be required to pay tounage-dues again.
Small French vessels and boats of every class, whether with or without sails, shall be reckoned as coming within the category of vessels of one hundred and fifty tons and under, and shall pay tonnage-dues at the rate of one mace per ton once in every four months.
Native craft chartered by French merchants shall in like manner pay tonnage. dues once in every four months.
Art. XXIII.-All French goods, after having discharged the Customs duties according to the tariff in one of the ports of China, may be transported into the interior without being subjected to any further charge except the transit dues according to the amended scale now in force, which dues shall not be augmented in the future.
If the Chinese Customs Agents, contrary to the tenour of the present Treaty, make illegal exactions or levy higher dues, they shall be punished according to the laws of the empire.
Art. XXIV.--Any French vessel entered at one of the ports open to foreign trade and wishing to discharge only a part of its goods there, shall pay Customs dues only for the part discharged; it may transport the remainder of its cargo to another port and sell it there. The duty shall then be paid.
French subjects having paid in one port the duties on their goods, wishing to re-export them and send them for sale to another port, shall notify the Consul or Consular Agent. The latter shall inform the Superintendent of Customs, who, after having verified the identity of the goods and the perfect integrity of the packages, shall send to the claimants a declaration attesting that the duties on the said goods have been paid. Provided with this declaration, the French merchants on their arrival at the other port shall only have to present it through the medium of the Consul or Superintendent of Customs, who will deliver for this part of the cargo, without deduction or charge, a permit for discharge free of duty; but if the autho- rities discover fraud or anything contraband amongst the goods re-exported, these shall be, after verification, confiscated to the profit of the Chinese Government.
Art. XXV.-Transhipment of goods shall take place only by special permission and in case of urgency; if it be indispensable to effect this operation, the Consul shall be referred to, who will deliver a certificate, on view of which the transhipment shall be authorised by the Superintendent of Customs. The latter may always delegate an employé of his administration to be present.
Every unauthorised transhipment, except in case of peril by delay, will entail the confiscation, to the profit of the Chinese Government, of the whole of the goods
illicitly transhipped.
Art. XXVI.-In each of the ports open to foreign trade the Superintendent of Customs shall receive for himself, and shall deposit at the French Consulate, legal
Substituted for the original Article in 1965.
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TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
scales for goods and silver, the weights and measures agreeing exactly with the weights and measures in use at the Canton Custom-house, and bearing a stamp and seal certifying this authority. These scales shall be the base of all liquidations of duties and of all payments to be made to the Chinese Government. They shall be referred to in case of dispute as to the weights and measures of goods, and the decree shall be according to the results they show.
Art. XXVII.-Import and export duties levied in China on French commerce shall be regulated according to the tariff annexed to the present Treaty under the seal and signature of the respective Plenipotentiaries. This tariff may be revised every seven years in order to be in harmony with the changes brought about by time in the value of the products of the soil or industry of the two empires.
By the payment of these duties, the amount of which it is expressly provided shall not be increased nor augmented by any kind of charge or surtax whatever, French subjects shall be free to import into China, from French or foreign ports, and equally to export from China, to any destination, all gools which shall not be, at the date of the signing of the present Treaty and according to the classification of the annexed tariff, the object of a special prohibition or of a special monopoly. The Chinese Government renouncing therefore the right of augmenting the number of articles reputed contraband or subjects of a monopoly, any modification of the tariff shall be made only after an understanding has been come to with the French Government and with its full and entire consent.
With regard to the tariff, as well as every stipulation introduced or to be in- troduced in the existing Treaties, or those which may hereafter be concluded, it remains well and duly established that merchants and in general all French subjects in China shall always have the same rights and be treated in the same way as the most favoured nation.
Art. XXVIII.-The publication of the regular tariff doing away henceforth with all pretext for smuggling, it is not to be presumed that any act of this nature may be committed by French vessels in the ports of China. If it should be otherwise, all contraband goods introduced into these ports by French vessels or merchants whatever their value or nature, as also all prohibited goods fraudulently discharged, shall be seized by the local authority and confiscated to the profit of the Chinese Government. Further, the latter may, if it see fit, interdict the re-entry to China of the vessel taken in contravention and compel it to leave immediately after the settle- ment of its accounts.
If any foreign vessel fraudulently makes use of the French flag the French Government shall take the necessary measures for the repression of this abuse.
Art. XXIX. His Majesty the Emperor of the French may station a vessel of war in any principal port of the empire where its presence may be considered necessary to maintain good order and discipline amongst the crews of merchant vessels and to facilitate the exercise of the Consular authority; all necessary measures shall be taken to provide that the presence of these vessels of war shall entail no inconvenience, and their commanders shall receive orders to cause to be executed the provisions of Article XXXIII. in respect of the communications with the land and the policing of the crews. Vessels of war shall be subject to no duty.
Art. XXX.-Every French vessel of war cruising for the protection of commerce shall be received as a friend and treated as such in all the ports of China which it shall enter. These vessels may there procure the divers articles of refitting and victualling of which they shall have need, and, if they have suffered damage, may repair there and purchase the materials necessary for such repair, the whole without the least opposition.
The same shall apply to French trading ships which in consequence of great damage or any other reason may be compelled to seek refuge in any port whatsoever
of China.
If a vessel be wrecked on the coast of China, the nearest Chinese authority, on being informed of the occurrence, shall immediately send assistance to the crew, provide for their present necessities, and take the measures immediately necessary
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
79
for the salvage of the ship and the preservation of the cargo. The whole shall then be brought to the knowledge of the nearest Consul or Consular Agent, in order that the latter, iu concert with the competent authority, may provide means for the relief of the crew and the salvage of the débris of the ship and cargo.
Art. XXXI.-Should China be at war with another Power, this circumstance shall not in any way interfere with the free trade of France with China or with the opposing nation. French vessels may always, except in the case of effective blockade, sail without obstacle from the ports of the one to the ports of the other, trade in the ordinary manner, and import and export every kind of merchandise not prohibited.
Art. XXXII.-Should sailors or other persons desert from French ships-of-war, or leave French trading vessels, the Chinese authority, on the requisition of the Consul, or failing the Consul that of the captain, shall at once use every means to discover and restore the aforesaid fugitives into the hands of one or the other of them. In the same manner, if Chinese deserters or persons accused of any crime take refuge in French houses or on board of French vessels, the local authority shall address the Consul, who, on proof of the guilt of the accused, shall immediately take the measures necessary for their extradition. Each party shall carefully avoid concealment and connivance.
Art. XXXIII.-When sailors come on shore they shall be under special dis- ciplinary regulations framed by the Consul and communicated to the local authority, in order to prevent as far as possible all occasion of quarrel between French sailors and the people of the country.
The
Art. XXXIV.-In case of French trading vessels being attacked or pillaged by pirates within Chinese waters, the civil and military authorities of the nearest place, upon learning of the occurrence, shall actively pursue the authors of the crime and shall neglect nothing to secure their arrest and punishment according to law. pirated goods, in whatever place or state they may be found, shall be placed in the hands of the Consul, who shall restore them to the owners. If the criminals cannot be seized, or the whole of the stolen property cannot be recovered, the Chinese officials shall suffer the penalty inflicted by the law in such circumstances, but they shall not be held pecuniarily responsible.
Art. XXXV.-When a French subject shall have a complaint to make or claim to bring against a Chinese, he shall first state his case to the Consul, who, after having examined the affair, will endeavour to arrange it amicably. In the same manner, when a Chinese has to complain of a French subject, the Consul shall attentively hear his claim and endeavour to bring about an amicable arrangement. But if in either case this be impossible, the Consul shall invoke the assistance of a competent Chinese official, and these two, after having conjointly examined the affair shall decide it equitably.
Art. XXXVI.-If hereafter French subjects suffer damage, or are subjected to any insult or vexation by Chinese subjects, the latter shall be pursued by the local authority, who shall take the necessary measures for the defence and pro- tection of French subjects; if ill-doers or any vagrant part of the population com- mence to pillage, destroy, or burn the houses or warehouses of French subjects or any other of their establishments, the same authority, either on the requisition of the Consul or of its own motion, shall send as speedily as possible an armed force to disperse the riot and to arrest the criminals, and shall deliver the latter up to the severity of the law; the whole without prejudice of the claims of the French subjects to be indemnified for proved losses.
Art. XXXVII. If Chinese become, in future, indebted to French captains or merchants and involve them in loss by fraud or in any other manner, the latter shall no longer avail themselves of the combination which existed under the former state of things; they may address themselves only through the medium of their Consul to the local authority, who shall neglect nothing after having examined the affair to compel the defaulters to satisfy their engagements according to the laws of the country. But, if the debtor cannot be found, if he be dead, or bankrupt, and is not able to pay, the French merchants cannot claim against the Chinese authority.
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In case of fraud or non-payment on the part of French merchants, the Consul shall, in the same manner, afford every assistance to the claimants, but neither he nor his Government shall in any manner be held responsible.
Art. XXXVIII.-If unfortunately any fight or quarrel occurs between French and Chinese subjects, as also if during the course of such quarrel one or more persons be killed or wounded, by firearms or otherwise, the Chinese shall be arrested by the Chinese authority, who will be responsible, if the charge be proved, for their punish- ment according to the laws of the country. With regard to the French, they shall be arrested at the instance of the Consul, who shall take the necessary measures that they may be dealt with in the ordinary course of French law in accordance with the forms and practice which shall be afterwards decided by the French Government.
The same course shall be observed in all similar circumstances not enumerated in the present convention, the principle being that for the repression of crimes and offences committed by them in China French subjects shall be dealt with according to the laws of France.
Art. XXXIX.-Disputes or differences arising between French subjects in China shall, equally, be settled by the French authorities. It is also stipulated that the Chinese authorities shall not in any manner interfere in any dispute between French subjects and other foreigners. In the same way they shall not exercise any authority over French vessels; these are responsible only to the French authorities and the captain.
Art. XL.-If the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of the French shall consider it desirable to modify any of the clauses of the present Treaty it shall be at liberty to open negotiations to this effect with the Chinese Government after an interval of ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications. It is also understood that no obligation not expressed in the present convention shall be imposed on the Consuls or Consular Agents, nor on their nationals, but, as is stipulated, French subjects shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, immunities, and guarantees whatsoever which have been or shall be accorded by the Chinese Govern- ment to other Powers.
Art. XLI.-His Majesty the Emperor of the French, wishing to give to His Majesty the Emperor of China a proof of his friendly sentiments, agrees to stipulate in separate Articles, having the same force and effect as if they were inserted in the present Treaty, the arrangements come to between the two Governments on the matters antecedent to the events at Canton and the expense caused by them to the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of the French.
Art. XLII.-The ratifications of the present Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation shall be exchanged at Peking within one year after the date of signature, or sooner if possible.
After the exchange of ratifications, the Treaty shall be brought to the knowledge of all the superior authorities of the Empire in the provinces and in the capital, in order that its publication may be well established.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty and affixed their seals thereto.
of
Done at Tientsin, in four copies, this twenty-seventh day of June, in the year grace one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, corresponding to the seventeenth day of the fifth moon of the eighth year of Hien Fung.
(Signed)
[L.S.]
BARON GROS.
""
[L.S.]
KWEI-LIANG.
""
[L.S.]
HWASHANA.
CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
SIGNED AT PEKING, 25TH OCTOBER, 1860
His Majesty the Emperor of the French and His Majesty the Emperor of China being desirous to put an end to the difference which has arisen between the two Empires, and to re-establish and assure for ever the relations of peace and amity which before existed and which regrettable events have interrupted, have named as their respective Plenipotentiaries :-
His Majesty the Emperor of the French, Sieur Jean Baptiste Lonis, Baron Gros, Senator of the Empire, Ambassador and High Commissioner of France in China, Grand Officer of the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour, Knight Grand Cross of several Orders, etc., etc., etc.;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Prince Kung, a member of the Imperial Family and High Commissioner;
Who, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles :-
Art. I. His Majesty the Emperor of China has regarded with rain the conduct of the Chinese military authorities at the mouth of the Tientsin river, in the month of June last year, when the Ministers Plenipotentiary of France and England arrived there on their way to Peking to exchange the ratifications of the Treaties of Tientsin.
Art. II. When the Ambassador, the High Commissioner of His Majesty the Emperor of the French, shall be in Peking for the purpose of exchanging the ratifica- tions of the Treaty of Tientsin, he shall be treated during his stay in the capital with the honours due to his rank, and all possible facilities shall be given him by the Chinese Authorities in order that he may without obstacle fulfil the high mission confided to him.
Art. III.-The Treaty signed at Tientsin on the 27th June, 1858, shall be faith-` fully placed in execution in all its clauses immediately after the exchange of the ratifications referred to in the preceding Article, subject to the modifications introduced by the present Convention.
Art. IV. Article IV. of the Secret Treaty of Tientsin, by which His Majesty the Emperor of China undertook to pay to the French Government an indemnity of two million Taels, is aunulled and replaced by the present Article, which increases the amount of the indemnity to eight million Taels.
It is agreed that the sum already paid by the Canton Customs on account of the sum of two million Taels stipulated by the Treaty of Tentsin shall be considered as having been paid in advance and on account of the eight million Taels referred to in the present Article.
The provisions of the Article of the Secret Treaty of Tientsin as to the mode of payment of the two million Taels are annulled. Payment of the remainder of the sum of eight million taels to be paid by the Chinese Government as provided by the present Convention shall be made in quarterly instalments consisting of one-fifth of the gross Customs revenues at the ports open to foreign trade, the first term commencing on the 1st October of the present year, and finishing on the 31st December following. This sum, specially reserved for the payment of the indemnity due to France, shall be paid into the hands of the Minister for France or of his delegates in Mexican dollars or in bar silver at the rate of the day of payment.
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A sum of five hundred thousand Taels shall, however, be paid on account în advance at one time, and at Tientsin, on the 30th November next, or sooner if the Chinese Government judges it convenient.
A Mixed Commission, appointed by the Minister of France and by the Chinese Authorities, shall determine the rules to be followed in effecting the payment of the whole of the indemnity, the verification of the amount, the giving of receipts, and in short fulfilling all the formalities required in such case.
Art. V. The sum of eight million Taels is allowed to the French Government to liquidate the expenses of its armament against China, as also for the indemnification of French subjects and protégés of France who sustained loss by the burning of the factories at Canton, and also to compensate the Catholic missionaries who have suffered in their persons or property. The French Government will divide this sum between the parties interested, after their claims shall have been legally established, in satisfaction of such claims, and it is understood between the contracting parties that one million of Taels shall be appropriated to the indemnification of French subjects or protégés of France for the losses they have sustained or the treatment to which they have been subjected, and that the remaining seven million Taels shall be applied to the liquidation of the expenses occasioned by the war.
Art. VI.-In conformity with the Imperial edict issued on the 20th March, 1856, by the August Emperor Tao Kwang, the religious and charitable establishments which have been confiscated during the persecutions of the Christians shall be restored to their proprietors through the Minister of France in China, to whom the Imperial Government will deliver them, with the cemeteries and edifices appertaining to them
Art. VII.--The town and port of Tientsin, in the province of Pechili, shall be opened to foreign trade on the same conditions as the other towns and ports of the Empire where such trade is permitted, and this from the date of the signature of the present Convention, which shall be obligatory on the two nations without its being necessary to exchange ratifications, and which shall have the same force as if it were inserted word for word in the Treaty of Tientsin.
The French troops now occupying this town shall, on the payment of the five hundred thousand taels provided by Article IV. of the present Convention, evacuate it and proceed to occupy Taku and the north-east coast of Shantung, whence they shall retire on the same conditions as govern the evacuation of the other points occupied on the shores of the Empire. The Commanders-in-Chief of the French force shall, however, have the right to winter their troops of all arms at Tientsin, if they judge it convenient, and to withdraw them only when the indemnities due by the Chinese Government shall have been entirely paid, unless the Commanders-in-Chief shall think it convenient to withdraw them before that time.
Art. VIII.--It is further agreed that when the present Convention shall have been signed and the ratifications of the Treaty of Tientsin exchanged, the French forces which occupy Chusan shall evacuate that island, and that the forces before Peking shall retire to Tientsin, to Taku, to the north coast of Shantung, or to the town of Canton, and that in all these places or in any of them the French Government may, if it thinks fit, leave troops until such time as the total sum of eight million taels shall have been fully paid.
Art. IX. It is agreed between the high contracting parties that when the ratifications of the Treaty of Tientsin shall have been exchanged an Imperial edict shall order the high authorities of all the provinces to permit any Chinese who wishes to go to countries beyond the sea to establish himself there or to seek his fortune, to embark himself and his family, if he so wishes, on French ships in the ports of the empire open to foreign trade. It is also agreed, in the interest of the emigrants, to ensure their entire freedom of action and to safeguard their rights, that the competent Chinese authorities shall confer with the Minister of France in China for the making. of regulations to assure for these engagements, always voluntary, the guarantees of morality and security which ought to govern them.
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TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
83
Art. X.-It is well understood between the contracting parties that the tonnage dues which by error were fixed in the French Treaty of Tientsin at five mace per ton for vessels of 150 tons and over, and which in the Treaties with England and the United States signed in 1858 were fixed at four mace only, shall not exceed this same sum of four mace, and this without the invocation of the last paragraph of Art. XXXII. of the Treaty of Tientsin, which gives to France the formal right to claim the same treatment as the most favoured nation.
The present Convention of Peace has been made at Peking, in four copies, on the 25th October, 1860, and has been signed by the respective plenipotentiaries.
TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, AND COMMERCE
BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
SIGNED AT TIENTSIN, 9TH JUNE, 1885
The President of the French Republic and His Majesty the Emperor of China' each animated by an equal desire to bring to an end the difficulties which have given rise to their simultaneous intervention in the affairs of Annam, and wishing to re-establish and improve the relations of friendship and commerce which previously existed between France and China, have resolved to conclude a new Treaty to further the common interest of both nations on the basis of the preliminary Convention signed at Tientsin on the 11th May, 1884, and ratified by an Imperial decree of the 13th April, 1885.
For that purpose the two high contracting parties have appointed as their Pleni- potentiaries the following, that is to say :-
The President of the French Republic, M. Jules Patenôtre, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary for France in China, Officer of the Legion of Honour, Grand Cross of the Swedish Order of the Pole Star, &c., &c.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li Hung-chang, Imperial Commissioner, Senior Grand Secretary of State, Grand Honorary Preceptor of the Heir Presumptive; Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Ports, Governor-General of the Province of Chihli, of the First degree of the Third Order of Nobility, with the title of Sou-yi;
Assisted by Hsi Chen, Imperial Commissioner, Member of the Tsung-li Yamen, President of the Board of Punishments, Administrator of the Treasury at the Ministry of Finance, Director of Schools for the Education of Hereditary Officers of the Left Wing of the Yellow Bordered Banner;
And Teng Chang-su, Imperial Commissioner, Member of the Tsung-li Yamên, Director of the Board of Ceremonies;
Who, having communicated their full powers, which have been found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles :-
Art. I.-Frauce engages to re-establish and maintain order in those provinces of Annam which border upon the Chinese empire. For this purpose she will take the necessary measures to disperse or expel the bands of pirates and vagabonds who endanger the public safety, and to prevent their collecting together again. Nevertheless, the French troops shall not, under any circumstances, cross the frontier which separates
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TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
Tonkin from China, which frontier France promises both to respect herself and to guarantee against any aggression whatsoever.
On her part China undertakes to disperse or expel such bands as may take refuge in her provinces bordering on Tonkin and to disperse those which it may be attempted to form there for the purpose of causing disturbances amongst the populations placed under the protection of France; and, in consideration of the guarantees which have been given as to the security of the frontier, she likewise engages not to send troops. into Tonkin.
The high contracting parties will fix, by a special convention, the conditions under which the extradition of malefactors between China and Annam shall be carried out.
The Chinese, whether colonists or disbanded soldiers, who reside peaceably in Annam, supporting themselves by agriculture, industry, or trade, and whose conduct shall give no cause of complaint, shall enjoy the same security for their persons and property as French protégés.
Art. II. China, being resolved to do nothing which may imperil the work of pacification undertaken by France, engages to respect, both in the present and in the future, the Treaties, Conventions, and Arrangements concluded directly between France and Annam, or which may hereafter be concluded.
As regards the relations between China and Annam, it is understood they shall be of such a nature as shall in no way injure the dignity of the Chinese empire or give rise to any violation of the present Treaty.
Art. III. Within a period of six months from the signature of the present Treaty commissioners appointed by the high contracting parties shall proceed to the spot in order to define the frontier between China and Tonkin. They shall place landmarks wherever necessary to render the line of demarcation clear. In those cases where they may not be able to agree as to the location of these landmarks or on such rectifications of detail as it may be desirable to make, in the interest of the two- nations, in the existing frontier of Tonkin, they shall refer the difficulty to their respective Governments.
Art. IV. When the frontier shall have been agreed upon, French or French protégés and foreign residents of Tonkin who may wish to cross it in order to enter China shall not be allowed to do so unless they shall have previously provided them- selves with passports issued by the Chinese frontier authorities on the requisition of the French authorities. For Chinese subjects an authorisation given by the Imperial frontier authorities shall be sufficient.
Chinese subjects wishing to proceed from China to Tonkin by the land route- shall be obliged to provide themselves with regular passports, issued by the French authorities on the requisition of the Imperial authorities.
Art. V.-Import and export trade shall be permitted to French or French- protected traders and to Chinese traders across the land frontier between China and Tonkin. It shall, however, be carried on through certain spots which shall be settled later, and both the selection and number of which shall correspond with the direction and importance of the traffic between the two countries. In this respect the Regulations in force in the interior of the Chinese Empire shall be taken into
account.
In any case, two of the said spots shall be marked out on the Chinese frontier, the one above Lao-kai, the other beyond Lang-son. French traders shall be at liberty to settle there under the same conditions, and with the same advantages, as in the ports open to foreign trade. The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China shall establish Custom houses there, and the Government of the French Republic shall be at liberty to maintain Consuls there whose powers and privileges shall be identical with those of Agents of the same rank in the open ports.
On his part, His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be at liberty, with the concurrence of the French Government, to appoint Consuls in the principal towns of Tonkin.
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
85-
Art. VI. A special code of Regulations, annexed to the present Treaty, shall define the conditions under which trade shall be carried on by land between Tonkin and the Chinese provinces of Yünnan, of Kwang-si, and of Kwang-tung. Such Regulations shall be drawn up by Commissioners, who shall be appointed by the high contracting parties, within three months from the signature of the present
Treaty.
All goods dealt with by such trade shall be subject, on import and export between Tonkin and the provinces of Yünnan and Kwang-si, to duties lower than those laid down by the present tariff for foreign trade. The reduced tariff shall not, however, be applied to goods transported by way of the land frontier between Tonkin and Kwang-tung, and shall not be enforced within the ports already opeu by Treaty.
Trade in arms, engines, supplies, and munitions of war of any kind whatsoever shall be subject to the Laws and Regulations issued by each of the contracting States within its own territory.
The export and import of opium shall be governed by special arrangements to be inserted in the above-mentioned code of Regulations.
Trade by sea between China and Annam shall likewise be dealt with by a separate code of Regulations. In the meanwhile, the present practice shall remain unaltered
Art. VII.-With a view to develop under the most advantageous conditions the relations of commerce and of good neighbourship, which it is the object of the present Treaty to re-establish between France and China, the Government of the Republic shall construct roads in Tonkin, and shall encourage the construction of railways there.
When China, on her part, shall have decided to construct railways, it is agreed that she shall have recourse to French industry, and the Government of the Republic shall afford every facility for procuring in France the staff that may be required. It is, moreover, understood that this clause shall not be looked upon as constituting an exclusive privilege in favour of France.
Art. VIII.-The commercial stipulations of the present Treaty and the Regula- tions to be agreed upon shall be liable to revision after an interval of ten complete years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty. But in case six months before it expires neither one nor other of the high contracting parties shall have expressed a wish to proceed to a revision, the commercial stipula- tions shall remain in force for a fresh period of ten years, and so further in like
manner.
Art. IX. As soon as the present Treaty shall bare ben signed, the French forces shall receive orders to retire from Keelung and to cease search, &c., on the high seas. Within one month from the signature of the present Treaty the Island of Formosa and Pescadores shall be entirely evacuated by the French troops.
Art. X.-All stipulations of former Treaties, Agreements, and Conventions between France and China, which are not modified by the present Treaty, remain in full force.
The present Treaty shall be ratified at once by His Majesty the Emperor of China, and after it shall have been ratified by the President of the French Republic the exchange of ratifications shall take place at Peking with the least possible delay.
Done in quadruplicate at Tientsin, this ninth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-five, corresponding to the twenty-seventh day of the fourth moon of the eleventh year of Kwang-Hsu.
(Signed)
[L.S.]
PATENOTRE.
[..]
HSI CHEN.
"}
[L.S.]
LI HUNG-CHANG.
""
[L.S.]
TENG CHANG-SU.
TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
JOINTLY DETERMINED ON BY FRANCE AND CHINA
SIGNED AT PEKING, 25TH APRIL, 1886
[Translated from the French Text]
Whereas in Article VI. of the Treaty between the President of the French Re- public and His Majesty the Emperor of China, signed the 9th day of June, 1885, it is stated that "Regulations for the conduct of overland trade between Tonkin and the Chinese provinces of Yünnan, Kwang-si, and Kwang-tung shall be jointly discussed and concluded by Commissioners appointed by the two Powers, and will form a supple- ment to the present Treaty"; and whereas in Article X. of that Agreement it is set forth that "provisions of former Treaties and Regulations agreed to by France and China, except in so far as they are modified by the present agreement, will continue to retain their original validity," the two high contracting parties have for this purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:-
The President of the French Republic, G. Cogordan, Minister Plenipotentiary of France to China, Officer of the Legion of Honour, Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy, &c., &c., together with E. Bruwaert, Consul of the first class, Assistant Commissioner for Treaty negotiations, Knight of the Order of Gustav of Sweden, and of the Order of Leopold of Belgium;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li, Grand Preceptor of the Heir Ap- parent, Grand Secretary of State, Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Seaboard, Joint Commissioner of Admiralty, Governor of Chihli, and a member of the first degree of the Third Order of the Hereditary Nobility, with the title of Sou-yi;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, and found them to be in due form, have concluded the following Articles:-
Art. I.-In accordance with the terms of Article V. of the Treaty of the 19th June, 1885, the high contracting parties agree that for the present two places shall be opened to trade, one to the north of Langson and the other above Lao-kai. China will establish Custom-houses there, and France shall have the right to appoint Consuls, who shall enjoy all rights and privileges conceded in China to the Consuls of the most favoured nation.
The work of the Commission charged with the delimitation of the two countries not being completed at the time of the signature of the present Convention, the place to be opened to trade north of Langson shall be selected and determined in the course of the present year by arrangement between the Imperial Government and the representative of France at Peking. As to the place to be opened to trade above Lao-kai, this will also be determined by common accord when the frontier between the two countries shall have been defined.
Art. II. The Imperial Government may appoint Consuls at Hanoi and at Haiphong. Chinese Consuls may also be sent later on to other large towns in Tonkin by arrangement with the French Government.
TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
87
The agents shall be treated in the same manner and have the same rights and privileges as the Consuls of the most favoured nation in France. They shall maintain official relations with the French authorities charged with the Protectorate.
Art. III.-It is agreed, on the one side and the other, that in the places where Consuls are appointed the respective authorities will facilitate the installation of these agents in suitable residences.
Frenchmen may establish themselves in the places opened to trade on the frontier of China under the conditions set forth in the Articles VII., X., XI., XII., and others of the Treaty of the 27th June, 1858.
Annamites shall enjoy in these places the same privileged treatment.
Art. IV. Chinese shall have the right of possessing land, erecting buildings, opening commercial houses, and having warehouses throughout Annam.
They shall receive for their persons, their families, and their goods the same protection as the most favoured European nation, and, like the latter, may not be made the object of any ill-treatment. The official and private correspondence and telegrams of Chinese officials and merchants shall be freely transmitted through the French postal and telegraphic administrations.
Frenchmen will receive from China the same privileged treatment.
Art. V. Frenchmen, French protégés, and foreigners residing in Tonkin may cross the frontiers and enter China on condition of being furnished with passports. These passports will be given by the Chinese authorities at the frontier, on the requisition of the French authorities, who will ask for them only for respectable persons; they will be surrendered to be cancelled on the holder's return. In the case
of those who have to pass any place occupied by aborigines or savages, it will be mentioned in the passport that there are no Chinese officials there who can protect them.
Chinese who wish to come from China to Tonkin by land must in the saine way be furnished with passports granted by the French authorities on the requisition of the Chinese authorities, who will ask for them only on behalf of respectable persons.
The passports so granted on the one side or the other shall serve only as titles to travel and shall not be considered as certificates of exemption from taxes for the transport of merchandise.
Chinese authorities on Chinese soil and French authorities in Tonkin shall have the right to arrest persons who have crossed the frontier without passports and send them back to their respective authorities to be tried and punished if necessary.
Chinese residing in Annam may return from Tonkin to China on simply obtaining from the Imperial authorities a pass permitting them to cross the frontier.
Frenchmen and other persons established in the open places on the frontier may travel without passports to a distance of 50 li (578 metres to the li) around such places.
Art. VI.-Merchandise imported into the places opened to trade on the frontier of China by French merchants and French protégés may, after payment of the import duties, be conveyed to the interior markets of China under the conditions fixed by Rule VII. annexed to the Treaty of the 27th June, 1858, and by the general rules of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs with regard to import transit passes.
When foreign merchandise is imported into these places a declaration shall be made at the Custom-house of the nature and quantity of the merchandise, as well as of the name of the person by whom it is accompanied. The Customs authorities will proceed to verification, and will collect the duty according to the general tariff of the Imperial Maritime Customs, diminished by one-fifth. Articles not mentioned in the tariff will remain subject to the duty of 5 per cent. ad valorem. Until this duty has been paid the goods may not be taken out of the warehouses to be sent away and sold. A merchant wishing to send foreign merchandise into the interior shall make a fresh declaration at the Custom-house, and pay, without reduction, the transit dues fixed by the general rules of the Chinese Maritime Customs.
68
TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
After this payment the Customs will deliver a transit pass which will enable the carriers to go to the localities mentioned in the pass for the purpose of disposing of the said merchandise.
Under these conditions, no new duties will be levied at the interior barriers or lekin stations.
Merchandise for which transit passes have not been obtained will be liable to all the barrier and lekin duties imposed upon indigenous products in the interior of the country.
Art. VII. Merchandise bought by Frenchinen and persons under French protection in the interior markets of China may be brought into the open places on the frontier, for the purpose of being from thence exported to Tonkin, under the conditions fixed by Rule VII. annexed to the Treaty of the 27th June, 1858, with regard to the transit of merchandise for export.
When Chinese merchandise for export arrives at these places, declaration shall be male at the Custom-house as to the nature and quantity of the merchandise, as well as the name of the person accompanying it.
The Customs authorities will proceed to verification.
Such of this merchandise as shall have been bought in the interior by a merchant furnished with a transit pass, and which consequently has not paid any lekin or barrier duty, shall in the first place pay the transit duty fixed by the general tariff of the Chinese Maritime Customs.
It shall then pay the export duty, diminished by one-third. Articles not named in the tariff will remain subject to the duty of 5 per cent. ad valorem.
After payment of these duties the merchandise will be allowed to pass free, and to be sent beyond the frontier.
The merchant who, not being furnished with a transit pass, has bought goods in the interior, shall pay the duties levied at the barriers and lekin stations; receipts shall be delivered to him, and on arriving at the Custom-house he shall be exempted from payment of the transit dues on presentation of these receipts.
French merchants and persons under French protection importing or exporting merchandise through the Customs offices on the frontiers of Yunnan and Kwangsi, and Chinese merchants importing or exporting merchandise to or from Tonkin, will not have to pay any toll on their carriages or beasts of burden. On the navigable water-courses on the frontier, vessels may, on the one side and the other, be subjected to the payment of tonnage-dues, conformably to the rules of the Maritime Customs of the two countries.
As regards the provisions of the present Article and the preceding one, it is agreed by the high contracting parties that if a new Customs tariff should be established by common accord between China and a third Power, for trade by land on the south-western frontiers of the Chinese Empire, France shall obtain the application of it.
Art. VIII.-Foreign merchandise which, not having been sold within a period. of thirty-six months after having paid the import duty at one of the Chinese frontier Customs stations, is forwarded to the other frontier Customs station, shall be examined at the first of these stations, and if the wrappings are found intact, and if nothing has been disturbed or changed, a certificate of exemption for the amount of the first duty collected will be given. The bearer of this certificate will deliver it to the other frontier station, in payment of the new duty which he will have to pay. The Customs may in like manner give bonds which will be available for payment of duties at the Custom-house by which they are issued any time within three years. Money will never be returned,
If the same merchandise is re-despatched to one of the open ports of China, it will there, conformably to the general rules of the Chinese Maritime Customs, be subjected to payment of the import duties, and the certificates or bonds given at the frontier Customs shall not there be made use of. Neither will it be allowed to present there, in payment of duties, the quittances delivered by the frontier Customs on the first payment. As to transit dues, conformably to the rules in force at the
TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
89
open ports, when once they have been paid, bonds or exemption certificates will never be given in respect of these.
Art. IX. Chinese merchandise which, after having paid transit and export dues at one of the frontier Customs stations, may be sent to the other frontier Customs station to be sold, shall be subjected on its arrival at the second station only to a payment-called a re-importation duty-of one-half the export duty already collected. The merchandise conformably to the rules established in the open ports may not be transported into the interior by foreign merchants.
If this Chinese merchandise be transported to one of the open ports of China, it will be assimilated to foreign merchandise, and shall pay a new import duty in full, conformably to the general tariff of the Imperial Maritime Customs.
This merchandise will be allowed to pay transit duty on being sent into the in- terior. Chinese merchandise imported from a Chinese seaport into an Annamite port in order to be transported to the land frontier and then to re-enter Chinese territory will be treated as foreign merchandise and will pay the local import dues. This merchandise will be allowed to pay the transit duty on being sent into the interior.
Art. X. Declarations to the Chinese Customs must be made within thirty-six hours of the arrival of the goods under a penalty of Tls. 50 for each day's delay; but the fine shall not exceed Tls. 200. Au inexact declaration of the quantity of the goods, if it is proved that it has been made with the intention of evading payment of the duties, will entail upon the merchant confiscation of his goods. Goods not provided with a permit from the chief of the Customs, which are clandestinely introduced by by-ways, and unpacked or sold, or which are intentionally smuggled, hall be entirely confiscated. In every case of false declaration or attempt to deceive the Customs as regards the quality or the real origin or real destination of goods for which transit passes have been applied the goods shall be liable to con- fiscation. The penalties shall be adjudged according to the conditions and proce- dure fixed by the Rules of 31st May, 1868. In all cases where confiscation shall have been declared, the merchant shall be at liberty to recover his goods on payment of a sum equivalent to their value, to be duly settled by arrangement with the Chinese authorities. The Chinese authorities shall have every liberty to devise measures to be taken in China, along the frontier, to prevent smuggling.
Merchandise descending or ascending navigable rivers in French, Annamite, or Chinese vessels will not necessarily have to be landed at the frontier, unless there is an appearance of fraud, or a divergence between the nature of the cargo and the declaration of the manifest. The Customs will only send on board the said vessels agents to visit them.
Art. XI.-Produce of Chinese origin imported into Tonkin by the land frontier shall pay the import duty of the Franco-Annamite tariff. They will pay no export duty on leaving Tonkin. The Imperial Government will be notified of the new tariff wbich France will establish in Tonkin. If taxes of excise, of consumption, or of guarantee be established in Tonkin on any articles of indigenous production, similar Chinese productions will be subjected, on importation, to equivalent taxes.
Art. XII. Chinese merchandise transported across Tonkin from one of the two frontier Customs stations to the other, or to an Annamite port to be from thence exported to China, shall be subjected to a specific transit duty which shall not exceed two per cent. of the value. At the point where it leaves Chinese territory this merchandise will be examined by the French Customs authorities on the frontier, who will specify its nature, quantity, and destination in a certificate which shall b produced whenever required by the French authorities during its transport across Tonkin, as well as at the port of shipment.
In order to guarantee the Franco-Annamite Customs against any possible fraud, such Chinese produce, on entering Tonkin, shall pay the import duty.
A transit permit will accompany the goods to the place of leaving the country, whether this be the port of transhipment or the land frontier, and the sum paid by the proprietor of the merchandise will, after deducting the transit dues, be then restored to him in exchange for the receipt delivered to him by the Tonkin Customs.
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TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
Every false declaration or act evidently intended to deceive the French admini- stration as to the quality, quantity, real origin, or real destination of merchandise on which the special treatment applicable to Chinese products traversing Tonkin in transit is asked, will entail the confiscation of such merchandise. In every case where confiscation has been declared, the merchant shall be free to recover his goods on payment of a sum equivalent to their value, which shall be duly determined by an arrangement with the French authorities.
The same rules and the same transit duty will be applicable in Annam to Chinese merchandise despatched from a Chinese port to an Annamite port in order to get to the Chinese frontier Customs by crossing Tonkin.
Art. XIII. The following articles, that is to say, gold and silver ingots, foreign money, flour, Indian meal, sago, biscuits, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confectionery, foreign clothing, jewellery, plated ware, perfumery, soaps of all kinds, charcoal, firewood, candles (foreign), tobacco, wine, beer, spirits, household stores, ship's stores, personal baggage, stationery, carpeting, cutlery, drugs, foreign medicines, and glassware, shall be verified by the Chinese Customs on their entry and clearance; if they are really of foreign origin and intended for the personal use of foreigners, and if they arrive in moderate quantity, a duty exemption certificate will be given which will pass them free at the frontier. If these articles are withheld from declaration or the formality of an exemption certificate, their clandestine intro- duction will render them subject to the same penalty as smuggled goods.
With the exception of gold, silver, money, and luggage, which will remain exempt from duty, the above-mentioned articles destined for the personal use of foreigners and imported in moderate quantity, will pay, when they are transported into the interior of China a duty of 23 per cent. on their value.
The Franco-Annamite frontier Customs shall collect no duty on the following articles of personal use which Chinese carry with them, either on entering or leaving Tonkin, that is to say, money, luggage, clothes, women's head ornaments, paper, hair pencils, Chinese ink, furniture, or food, or on articles ordered by the Chinese Consuls in Tonkin for their personal consumption.
Art. XIV. The high contracting parties agree to prohibit trade in and trans port of opium of whatsoever origin by the land frontier between Tonkin on the one side and Yunnan, Kwang-si, and Kwangtung on the other side.
―
Art. XV. The export of rice and of cereals from China is forbidden. The import of these articles shall be free of duty.
The import of the following articles into China is forbidden :-Gunpowder, pro- jectiles, rifles and guns, saltpetre, sulphur, lead, spelter, arms, salt, and immoral publications.
In case of contravention these articles shall be entirely confiscated.
If the Chinese authorities have arms or munitions bought or if merchants receive express authority to buy them, the importation will be permitted under the special surveillance of the Chinese Customs. The Chinese authorities may, further- more, by arrangement with the French Consuls, obtain for the arms and munitions which they wish to have conveyed to China through Tonkin exemption from all the
Franco-Annamite duties.
The introduction into Tonkin of arms, munitions of war, and immoral publica- tions is also prohibited.
Art. XVI.-Chinese residing in Annam shall be placed under the same condi- tions, with regard to criminal, fiscal, or other jurisdiction, as the subjects of the most favoured nation. Law-suits which may arise in China, in the open markets on the frontier, between Chinese subjects and Frenchmen or Annamites shall be decided in a Mixed Court by Chinese and French officers.
With reference to crimes or offences committed by Frenchmen or persons under French protection in China, in the places opened to trade, the procedure shall be in conformity with the stipulations of Articles XXXIII. and XXXIV. of the treaty of the 27th June, 1858.
CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA, 1887
91
Art. XVII.-If in the places opened to trade on the frontier of China, Chinese deserters or persons accused of crimes against the Chinese law shall take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of Frenchmen or persons under French protection, the local authority shall apply to the Consul, who, on proof of the guilt of the accused, shall immediately take the necessary measures in order that they may be given up, and delivered to the regular course of the law.
Chinese guilty or accused of crimes or offences who seek refuge in Annam shall, on the request of the Chinese authorities and on proof of their guilt, be sought for, arrested, and extradited in all cases where the subjects of the countries enjoying the most liberal treatment in the matter of extradition might be extradited from France. Frenchmen guilty or accused of crimes or offences, who seek refuge in China, shall, at the request of the French authorities and on proof of their guilt, be arrested and delivered up to the said authorities to be tried according to the regular process
of law.
On both sides all concealment and connivance shall be avoided.
Art. XVIII.-In any difficulty not provided for in the preceding provisions recourse shall be had to the rules of the Maritime Customs, which, in conformity with existing Treaties, are now applied in the open towns or ports.
In case these rules are insufficient the representatives of the two countries shall refer the matter to their respective Governments.
In accordance with the terms of Article VIII. of the treaty of the 9th June, 1885, the present stipulations may be revised ten years after the exchange of the ratifications.
Art. XIX. The present Convention of Trade, after having been ratified by the Governments, shall be promulgated in France, in China, and in Annam.
The exchange of the ratifications shall take place at Peking within one year from
the date of the signature of the Convention, or earlier if possible.
Done at Tientsin, in four copies, the 25th April, 1886, corresponding to the 22nd day of the third moon of the twelfth year of Kwang Hsu.
(Signed)
[L.S.]
G. COGORDAN.
11
[L.S.]
E. BRUWAERT.
[L.S.]
LI HUNG-CHANG.
CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA, 1887
[Translated from the Chinese Text]
His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China and the President of the French Republic, desiring to strengthen the commercial relations between the two countries, and also to ratify and give effect to the Treaty signed at Tientsin on the 25th April, 1886, have appointed Plenipotentiaries to take the necessary steps thereto. H.İ.M. the Emperor of China has specially appointed H.I.H. Prince Ching, and H.E. Sun Yu-wen, member of the Tsung-li Yamên and Vice-President of the Board of Works. The President of the Republic has appointed His Excellency Constaus, Deputy, ex-Minister of the Interior, and Minister Plenipotentiary in China. Who, having exchanged their full powers and established their authenticity in due form, have agreed on the following Articles :-
Art. I. Such Articles of the Treaty signed at Tientsin as are not affected by this Convention shall on the exchange of the ratifications be put in force at once.
.92
CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA, 1887
Art. II. Whereas it was agreed by the Treaty of 1886 that Lungchow in Kwangsi and Mengtzu in Yunnan should be opened to trade, and whereas Manghao, which lies between Paosheng and Mengtzu, is in the direct road between the two places by water, it is agreed that this also should be opened to trade on the same conditions as the other ports, and that a deputy of the Consul at Mengtzu shall be allowed to reside there.
Art. III.-In order to develop the trade between China and Tonkin as rapidly as possible the tariff rules laid down in Articles VI. and VII. of the Treaty of 1886 are temporarily altered, and it is agreed that foreign goods imported to Yunnan and Kwangsi from Tonkin shall pay 70 per cent. of the import duties collected by the Customs at the Coast Ports in China, and that produce exported from China to Ton- kin shall pay 60 per cent. of the export duties in force at the Treaty Ports.
Art. IV.-Chinese produce which has paid import duties under Art. XI. of the Treaty of 1886, and is transported through Tonkin to a port of shipment in Cochin- China, shall, if exported thence to any other place than China, pay export duties accord- ing to the Franco-Annamite tariff.
Art. V. Trade in Chinese native opium by land is allowed on payment of an export duty of Tls. 20 per picul, but French merchants or persons under French
pro- -tection may only purchase it at Lungchow, Mengtzu, and Manghao, but no more than Tls. 20 per picul shall be exacted from the Chinese merchants as inland dues. When opium is sold the seller shall give the buyer a receipt showing that the inland dues have been paid, which the exporter will hand to the Customs when paying export duty. It is agreed that opium re-imported to China by the Coast Ports cannot claim the privileges accorded other re-imports of goods of native origin.
Art. VI. French and Tonkinese vessels other than men-of-war and vessels carrying troops and Government stores plying on the Songkat and Caobang Rivers between Langshan and Caobang shall pay a tonnage due of 5 candareens per ton at Lungchow, but all goods on board shall pass free. Goods may be imported to China by the Songkat and Caobang Rivers or overland by the Government road, but until the Chinese Government establishes Custom-houses on the frontier goods taken overland must not be sold at Lungchow until they have paid duty there.
Art. VII. It is agreed that should China enter into treaties with regard to com- mercial relations on her southern and south-western frontiers all privileges accorded by her to the most favoured nation are at once without further formality accorded to France.
Art. VIII.-The above Articles having been agreed to and translated into Chinese, H.I.H. the Prince on behalf of China and H.E. the Minister on behalf of France have signed duplicate copies and affixed their seals hereto.
-
Art IX. When the ratifications of this Convention and of the Treaty of 1886 shall have been exchanged they shall be put in force as if they were one Treaty.
Art. X. The ratifications of the Convention shall be exchanged at Peking when the assent of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China and of His Excellency the President of the French Republic shall have been signified.
Signed at Peking on the 26th June, 1887.
E. CONSTANS. PRINCE CHI'NG.
SUN YU-WEN.
ADDITIONAL CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND
CHINA
SIGNED AT PEKING, 20TH JUNE, 1895
Art. 1.-It is agreed, to assure the policing of the frontier, that the French Government will have the right of maintaining an agent of the Consular order at Tonghing opposite Monkay on the frontier of Kwantung. A further regulation will determine the conditions under which these should be exercised in accordance with the French and Chinese authorities and the communal police of the Sino- Annamite frontier.
Art. II.--Article II. of the Convention, signed at Peking, June 26th, 1887, is modified and completed as follows:-It is agreed between the high contracting parties that the town of Lungchow in Kwangsi and that of Mêngtse in Yunnan are open to French-Annamite commerce. It is intended besides that the port open to commerce on the river route of Laokay to Mêngtse will no longer be Manhao, but Hokow, and that the French Government have the right of maintaining at Hokow an agent under the Consul at Mêngtse, at the same time the Chinese Government can maintain a Customs agent.
Art. III.-It is agreed that the town of Szemao in Yunnan shall be open to French-Annamite commerce, like Lungehow and Mêngtse, and that the French Government will have the right as in the other open port of maintaining a Consul at the same time that the Chinese Government can maintain a Customs agent. The local authorities will employ themselves to facilitate the installation of the French Consul in the proper residence. Frenchmen and protected French subjects may establish themselves at Szemao under conditions of the Articles VII., X., XI., and XII., and others of the Treaty of June 27th, 1858; also by Article III. of the Convention of April 25th, 1886. Goods destined for China can be transported by the rivers, particularly the Loso and the Mekong as well as by land routes, and particularly by the Mandarin-road, which leads either from Mongle or Ipang to Szemao and Puerh, the duties which these goods will be subject to being paid at Szemao.
A
Art. IV. Article IX. of the Commercial Convention of April 25th, 1886, is modified as follows:-(1) Chinese goods in transit from one of the other four towns open to commerce on the frontier, Lungchow, Mengtse, Szemao, and Hokow, in passing by Aunam, will pay on leaving the reduced duties of four-tenths. special certificate will be delivered stating the payment of this duty, and destined to accompany the goods. When they have come to another town they shall be exempt from payment and import duty. (2) Chinese goods which shall be exported from the four above-named focalities and transported to Chinese ports, maritime or fluvial, open to commerce, shall be freed on leaving the frontier by payment of the reduced export duty of four-tenths. A special certificate will be delivered stating the payment of this duty, and destined to accompany the goods. When they shall arrive at one of the ports, maritime or fluvial, open to commerce, taey shall be freed the half-duty of re-importation in conformity with the general rule for all such goods in the maritime or fluvial ports open to commerce. (3) Chinese goods which shall be transported from Chinese ports, maritime or fluvial, open to commerce, by way of Annam, towards the four above-named localities, shall be freed on leaving of all duty. A special certificate will be
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ADDITIONAL CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA, 1893
delivered, stating the payment of this duty, and destined to accompany the goods. When they shall have arrived at one of the frontier Customs they shall be freed on entry by half duty of re-importation based on the reduction of four-tenths. (4) The Chinese goods above mentioned, accompanied by the special certificate- above mentioned, shall be, before passing the export Customs, or after passing Customs re-importation, submitted to the regulations governing native Chinese- goods.
Art. V.-It is understood that China, for the exploitation of its mines in the provinces of Yunnan, Kwangsi, and Kwangtung, will address itself, in the first instance, to French commerce and engineers, the exploitation remaining otherwise subject to the rules and the edicts by the Imperial Government which affects national industry. It is understood that railways already in existence or projected in Annam can, after mutual agreement, and under conditions to be defined, be prolonged on Chinese territory.
Art. VI.-Article II. of the Telegraphic Convention between France and China, signed at Chefoo, December 1, 1888, is completed as follows:-D.-A union shall be established between the secondary prefecture of Szemao and Annam by two stations- which shall be Szemao in China and Muang Hahin in Anuam, midway between Laichow and Luang Prabang. The tariff shall be fixed in conformity with Article VI. of the Telegraphic Convention of Chefoo.
Art. VII.-It is agreed that the commercial stipulations contained in the present Convention being of a special nature, and the result of mutual concessions deter-- mined by the necessities of the relations between Lungchow, Hokow, Mêngtse, Szemao, and Annam, the advantages which result therefrom cannot be invoked by the subjects and protected subjects of the two high contracting parties, but on these points as well as on the fluvial and land ways here determined of the frontier.
Art. VIII. The present stipulations shall be put in force as if they were in- serted in the text of the additional Convention of June 26th, 1887.
Art. IX. The terms of former Treaties, Agreements, and Conventions between France and China not modified by the present Treaty remain in full force. The pre- sent complementary Convention shall be ratified immediately by His Majesty the Emperor of China, and after it has been ratified by the President of the French Republic the exchange of ratifications shall be made at Peking with the least delay possible.
Done at Peking in four copies, June twentieth, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, corresponding to the twenty-eighth day of the fifth moon of the twenty- first year Kwang Hsu.
(Signed)
A. GERARD.
CHING.
21
"
SIU.
GERMANY
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
SIGNED IN THE GERMAN, FRENCH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES AT TIENTSIN, 2ND SEPTEMBER, 1861
Ratifications Exchanged at Shanghai, 14th January, 1863
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation between the States of the German Customs Union, the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg- Strelitz, and the free Hanseatic Towns of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg on the one part, and China on the other part.
His Majesty the King of Prussia, for himself, as also on behalf of the other members of the German Zollverein, that is to say:-The Crown of Bavaria, the Crown of Saxony, the Crown of Hanover, the Crown of Wurtemburg, the Grand Duchy of Baden, the Electorate of Hesse, the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Duchy of Brunswick, the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the Grand Duchy of Saxony, the Duchies of Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe- Coburg Gotha, the Duchy of Nassau, the Principalities Waldeck and Pyrmont, the Duchies Anhalt, Dessau, Koethen, and Anhalt Bernburg, the Principalities Lippe, the Principalities Schwarzburg Sondershausen and Schwarzburg Rudolfstadt, Reuss the Elder Line, and Reuss the Younger Line, the Free City of Frankfort, the Grand Baillewick Meisenheim of the Landgravate Hesse, the Baillewick Hamburg of the Landgravate Hesse, also the Grand Duchies Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the Senates of the Hanseatic Towns, Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, of the one part, and His Majesty the Emperor of China of the other part, being sincerely desirous to establish friendly relations between the said States and China, have resolved to confirm the same by a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce, mutually advantageous to the subjects of both high contracting parties, and for that purpose have named for their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :-
His Majesty the King of Prussia, Frederick Albert Count of Eulenburg, Chamberlain, His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Knight of the Red Eagle, Knight of St. John, etc., etc., etc.; and His Majesty the Emperor of China, Cheong-meen, a member of the Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Peking, Director-General of Public Supplies, and Imperial Commissioner; and Chong-hee, Honorary Under-Secretary of State, Superintendent of the three Northern Ports, and Deputy Imperial Commissioner, who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, and found the same in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:
Art. I. There shall be perpetual peace and unchanging friendship between the contracting States. The subjects of both States shall enjoy full protection of person and property.
Art. II. His Majesty the King of Prussia may, if he see fit, accredit a diplomatic agent to the Court of Peking, and His Majesty the Emperor of China may, in like manner, if he see fit, nominate a diplomatic agent to the Court of Berlin.
The diplomatic agent nominated by His Majesty the King of Prussia shall also represent the other contracting German States, who shall not be permitted to be represented at the Court of Peking by diplomatic agents of their own. His Majesty the Emperor of China hereby agrees that the diplomatic agent so appointed by His Majesty the King of Prussia may, with his family and establishment, permanently reside at the capital, or may visit it occasionally, at the option of the Prussian Government.
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TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
Art. III.--The diplomatic agents of Prussia and China shall, at their respective- residences, enjoy the privileges and immunities accorded to them by international law. Their persons, their families, their residence, and their correspondence shall be held inviolable. They shall be at liberty to select and appoint their own officers, courtiers, interpreters, servants, and attendants without any kind of molestation.
All expenses occasioned by the diplomatic missions shall be borne by the respective Governments.
The Chinese Government agrees to assist His Prussian Majesty's diplomatic agent, upon his arrival at the capital, in selecting and renting a suitable house and other buildings.
Art. IV. The contracting German States may appoint a Consul-General, and for each port or city opened to foreign commerce a Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, as their interests may require.
These officers shall be treated with due respect by the Chinese authorities, and enjoy the same privileges and immunities as the Consular officers of the most favoured
nations.
In the event of the absence of a German Consular Officer, the subjects of the contracting German States shall be at liberty to apply to the Consul of a friendly Power, or in case of need to the Superintendent of Customs, who shall use all efforts to secure to them the privileges of this Treaty.
Art. V.-All official communications addressed by the diplomatic agents of His- Majesty the King of Prussia, or by the Consular officers of the contracting German States, to the Chinese authorities, shall be written in German. At present and until otherwise agreed, they shall be accompanied by a Chinese translation; but it is hereby mutually agreed that, in the event of a difference of meaning appearing between the German and Chinese texts, the German Government shall be guided by the sense- expressed in the German text.
In like manner shall all official communications addressed by the Chinese autho- rities to the Ambassadors of Prussia, or to the Consuls of the contracting German States, be written in Chinese, and the Chinese authorities shall be guided by this text. It is further agreed that the translations may not be adduced as a proof in deciding difference.
In order to avoid future differences, and in consideration that all diplomatists cf Europe are acquainted with the French language, the present Treaty has been executed in the German, the Chinese, and the French languages. All these versions have the same sense and signification; but the French text shall be considered the original text of the Treaty, and shall decide wherever the German and Chinese versions differ.
Art. VI. The subjects of the contracting German States may, with their families, reside, frequent, and carry on trade or industry in the ports, cities, and towns. of Canton, Swatow or Chao-chow, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, Shanghai, Tangchow or Chefoo, Tientsin, Newchwang, Chinkiang, Kiukiang; Hankow, Kiungchow (Hainan), and at Taiwan and Tamsui in the Island of Formosa. They are permitted to proceed to and from these places with their vessels and merchandise, and within these localities to purchase, rent, or let houses or land, build, or open churches, churchyards, and hospitals.
Art. VII.-Merchant vessels belonging to any of the contracting German States- may not enter other ports than those declared open in this Treaty. They must not, contrary to law, enter other ports, or carry on illicit trade along the coast. All vessels detected in violating this stipulation shall, together with their cargo, be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.
Art. VIII.-Subjects of the contracting German States may make excursions in the neighbourhood of the open ports to a distance of one hundred li, and for a time not exceeding five days.
Those desirous of proceeding into the interior of the country must be provided with a passport, issued by their respective Diplomatic or Consular authorities, and countersigned by the local Chinese authorities. These passports must upon demand· · be exhibited.
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
97
The Chinese authorities shall be at liberty to detain merchants and travellers, subjects of any of the contracting German States, who may have lost their passports until they have procured new ones, or to convey them to the next Consulate, but they shall not be permitted to subject them to ill-usage or allow them to be ill-used.
It is, however, distinctly understood that no passport may be given to places at present occupied by the rebels until peace has been restored.
Art. IX. The subjects of the contracting German States shall be permitted to engage compradores, interpreters, writers, workmen, sailors, and servants from any part of China, upon a remuneration agreed to by both parties, as also to hire boats for the transport of persons and merchandise. They shall also be permitted to engage Chinese for acquiring the Chinese language or dialects, or to instruct them in foreign languages. There shall be no restriction in the purchasing of German or Chinese books. Art. X.-Persons professing or teaching the Christian religion shall enjoy full protection of their persons and property, and be allowed free exercise of their religion.
Art. XI. Any merchant-vessel of any of the contracting German States arriving at any of the open ports shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to take her to port. In like manuer, after she has discharged all legal dues and duties, and is ready to take her departure, she shall be permitted to select a pilot to conduct her out of port.
Art. XII.-Whenever a vessel belonging to any of the contracting German States has entered a harbour, the Superintendent of Customs may, if he see fit, depute one or more Customs officers to guard the ship, and to see that no merchandise is smuggled. These officers shall live in a boat of their own, or stay on board the ship, as may best suit their convenience. Their salaries, food, and expenses shall be defrayed by the Chinese Customs authorities, and they shall not be entitled to any fees whatever from the master or consignee. Every violation of this regulation shall be punished proportionally to the amount exacted, which shall be returned in full.
Art. XIII.-Within twenty-four hours after the arrival of the ship, the master, unless he be prevented by lawful causes, or in his stead the supercargo or the consignee, shall lodge in the hands of the Consul the ship's papers and copy of the manifest.
Within a further period of twenty-four hours the Consul will report to the Superintendent of Customs the name of the ship, the number of the crew, her registered tonnage, and the nature of the cargo.
If owing to neglect on the part of the master the above rule be not complied with within forty-eight hours after the ship's arrival he shall be liable to a fine of fifty Dollars for every day's delay; the total amount of penalty, however, shall not exceed two hundred Dollars.
Immediately after the receipt of the report, the Superintendent of Customs shall issue a permit to open hatches.
If the master shall open hatches and begin to discharge the cargo without said permit, he shall be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, and the goods so discharged without permit shall be liable to confiscation.
Art. XIV. Whenever a merchant, a subject of any of the contracting German States, has cargo to land or ship, he must apply to the Superintendent of Customs for a special permit. Merchandise landed or shipped without such permit shall be subject to forfeiture.
Art. XV.-The subjects of the contracting German States shall pay duties on all goods imported or exported by them at the ports open to foreign trade according to the tariff appended to this Treaty; but in no case shall they be taxed with higher duties than, at present or in future, subjects of the most favoured nations are liable to.
The commercial stipulations appended to this Treaty shall constitute an integral part of the same, and shall therefore be considered binding upon both the high con- tracting parties.
Art. XVI. With respect to articles subject to an ad valorem duty, if the German merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officers as to their value, then each party shall call in two or three merchants to examine and appraise the goods, and
4
*98
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
the highest price at which any of these merchants may declare himself willing to purchase them shall be assumed as the value of the goods.
Art. XVII. Duties shall be charged upon the net weight of each article; tare therefore to be deducted. If the German merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officers on the exact amount of tare, then each party shall choose from among the goods respecting which there is a difference a certain number of chests or bales, which being first weighed gross, shall afterwards be tared and the tare fixed accord- ingly. The average tare upon these chests or bales shall constitute the tare upon the
whole lot of packages.
Art. XVIII. If in the course of verification there arise other points of dispute, which cannot be settled, the German merchant may appeal to his Consul, who will communicate the particulars of the differences of the case to the Superintendent of Customs, and both will endeavour to bring about an amicable arrangement. But the appeal to the Consul must be made within twenty-four hours, or it will not be attended to.
As long as no settlement be come to, the Superintendent of Customs shall not enter the matter at issue in his books, in order that a thorough investigation and the final settlement of the difference be not prejudiced.
Art. XIX. Should imported goods prove to be damaged, a fair reduction of duty shall be allowed, in proportion to their deterioration. If any disputes arise, they shall be settled in the same manner as agreed upon in Art. XVI. of this Treaty having reference to articles which pay duty ad valorem.
Art. XX.-Any merchant vessel belonging to one of the contracting German States having entered any of the open ports, and not yet opened hatches, may quit the same within forty-eight hours after her arrival, and proceed to another port, with- out being subject to the payment of tonnage-dues, duties, or any other fees or charges; but tonnage-dues must be paid after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours.
Art. XXI.-Import duties shall be considered payable on the landing of the goods, and duties of export on the shipping of the same. When all tonnage-dues and duties shall have been paid, the Superintendent of Customs shall give a receipt in full (port-clearance), which being produced at the Consulate, the Consular officer shall then return to the captain the ship's papers and permit him to depart on the voyage.
Art. XXII.-The Superintendent of Customs will point out one or more bankers authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the duties on his behalf. The receipts of these bankers shall be looked upon as given by the Chinese Government itself. Payment may be made in bars or in foreign coin, whose relative value to the Chinese sycee silver shall be fixed by special agreement, according to circumstances, between the Consular officers and the Superintendent of Customs.
Art. XXIII-Merchant-vessels belonging to the contracting Ger.nin States of more than one hundred and fifty tons burden shall be charged four mace per ton; merchant-vessels of one hundred and fifty tons and unler shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton.
The captain or consignee having paid the tonnige-dues the Superintendent of Customs shall give them a special certificate, on exhibition of which the ship shall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage-dues in any open port of China which the captain may visit for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of the port clearance mentione I in Art. XXI.
Boats employed by subjects of the contracting German States in the conveyance of passengers, baggage, letters, articles of provisions, or articles not subject to duties shall not be liable to tonnage dues. Any boat of this kinl, however, conveying merchandise subject to duty, shall come under the category of vessels under one hundred and fifty tons, and pay tonnage-dues at the rate of one mace per register tɔn.
Art. XXIV.-Goods on which duties have been paid in any of the ports open to foreign trade, upon being sent into the interior of the country, shall not be subject to any bat transit duty. The same shall be paid according to the tariff now existing, and may not be raised in future. This also applies to goods sent from the interior of the country to any of the open ports.
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
99
All transit duties on produce brought from the interior to any of the open ports, or importations sent from any of the open ports into the interior of China, may be paid once for all.
If any of the Chinese officers violate the stipulations of this Article by demanding illegal or higher duties thau allowed by law, they shall be punished according to Chinese law.
Art. XXV.-If the master of a merchant vessel belonging to any of the contracting German States, having entered any of the open ports, should wish to land only a portion of his cargo, he shall only pay duties for the portion so landed. He may take the rest of the cargo to another port, pay duties there, and dispose of the
same.
Art. XXVI.-Merchants of any of the contracting German States, who may have imported merchandise into any of the open ports and paid duty thereon, if they desire to re-export the same, shall be entitled to make application to the Superintendent of Customs, who shall cause examination to be made to satisfy hin self of the identity of the goods and of their having remained unchanged.
On such duty-paid goods the Superintendent of Customs shall, on application of the merchant wishing to export them to any other open port, issue a certificate testifying to the payment of all legal duties thereon.
The Superintendent of Customs of the port to which such goods are brought shall, upon presentation of said certificate, issue a permit for the discharge and landing of them free of all duty, without any additional exactions whatever. But if, on comparing the goods with certificate, any fraud on the revenue be detected, then the goods shall be subject to confiscation.
But if the goods are to be exported to a foreign port, the Superintendent of Customs of the port from which they are exported shall issue a certificate stating that the merchant who exports the goods has a claim on the Customs equal to the amount of duty paid on the goods. The certificate shall be a valid tender to the Customs in payment of import cr export duties.
Art. XXVII. No transhipment from one vessel to another can be made without special permission of the Superintendent of Customs, under pain of confiscation of the goods so transhipped, unless it be proved that there was danger in delaying the transhipment.
Art. XXVIII.-Sets of standard weights and measures, such as are in use at the Canton Custom-house, shall be delivered by the Superintendent of Customs to the Consul at each port open to foreign trade. These measures, weights, and balances shall represent the ruling standard on which all demands and payments of duties are mace, and in case of any dispute they shall be referred to.
Art. XXIX.-Penalties enforced or confiscations made for violation of this Treaty, or of the apper dcd regulations, shall lelong to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXX. Ships-of-war belonging to the contracting German States cruising about for the protection cf trade, or being engaged in the pursuit of pirates, shall be at liberty to visit, without distinction, all ports within the dominions of the Emperor of China. They shall receive every facility for the purchase of provisions, the procuring of water, and for making repairs. The commanders of such ships shall hold intercourse with the Chinese authorities on terms of equality and courtesy. Such ships shall not be liable to payment of duties of any kind.
Art. XXXI.-Merchant vessels belonging to any of the contracting German States, from injury sustained, or from other causes, compelled to scek a place of refuge, shall be permitted to enter any port within the dominions of the Emperor of China without being subject to the payment of tonnage dues or duties cn the goods, if only landed for the purpose of making the necessary repairs of the vessel, and remaining under the supervision of the Superintendent of Customs. Should any such vessel be wrecked or stranded on the coast of China, the Chinese authorities shall immediately adopt measures for rescuing the crew and for securing the vessel and cargo. The crew thus saved shall receive friendly treatment, and, if necessary, shall be furnished with means of conveyance to the nearest Consular station.
4*
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TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
Art. XXXII.-If sailors or other individuals of ships-of-war or merchant vessels belonging to any of the contracting German States desert their ships and take refuge in the dominions of the Emperor of China, the Chinese authorities shall, upon due requisition by the Consular Officer, or by the captain, take the necessary steps for the detention of the deserter, and hand him over to the Consular officer or to the captain. In like manner, if Chinese deserters or criminals take refuge in the houses or on board ships belonging to subjects of the contracting German States, the local Chinese authorities shall apply to the German Consular officer, who will take the necessary measures for apprehending the said deserter or criminal, and deliver him up to the Chinese authorities.
Art. XXXIII.-If any vessel belonging to any of the contracting German States, while within Chinese waters, be plundered by pirates, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities to use every means to capture and punish the said pirates, tɔ recover the stolen property where and in whatever condition it may be, and to hand the same over to the Consul for restoration to the owner. If the robbers or pirates cannot be apprehended, or the property taken cannot be entirely recovered, the Chinese authorities shall then be punished in accordance with the Chinese law, but they shall not be held pecuniarily responsible.
Art. XXXIV.-If subjects of any of the contracting German States have any occasion to address a communication to the Chinese authorities, they must submit the same to their Consular officer, determine if the matter be just, and the lan- guage be proper and respectful, in which event he shall transmit the same to the proper authorities, or return the same for alterations. If Chinese subjects have occasion to address a Consul of one of the contracting German States, they must adopt the same course, and submit their communication to the Chinese authorities, who will act in like manner.
Art. XXXV.-Any subject of any of the contracting German States having reason to complain of a Chinese must first proceed to the Consular officer and state his grievance. The Consular officer, having inquired into the merits of the case, will endeavour to arrange it amicably. In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to complain of a subject of any of the contracting German States, the Consular officer shall listen to his complaint and endeavour to bring about a friendly settlement. the dispute, however, is of such a nature that the Consul cannot settle the same amicably, he shall then request the assistance of the Chinese authorities, that they may conjointly examine into the merits of the case, and decide it equitably.
If
Art. XXXVI.-The Chinese authorities shall at all times afford the fullest protection to the subjects of the contracting German States, especially when they are exposed to insult or violence. In all cases of incendiarism, robbery, or demolition, the local authorities shall at once dispatch an armed force to disperse the mob, to apprehend the guilty, and to punish them with the rigour of the law. Those robbeJ or whose property has been demolished shall have a claim upon the despoilers of their property for indemnification, proportionate to the injury sustained.
Art. XXXVII.-Whenever a subject of His Majesty the Emperor of China fails to discharge the debts due to a subject of one of the contracting German States, or fraudulently absconds, the Chinese authorities, upon application by the creditor, will do their utmost to effect his arrest and to enforce payment of the debt. In like manner the authorities of the contracting German States shall do their utmost to enforce the payment of debts of their subjects towards Chinese subjects, and to bring to justice any who fraudulently abscond. But in no case shall either the Chinese Government or the Government of the contracting German States be held responsible for the debts incurred by their respective subjects.
Art. XXXVIII.-Any subject of His Majesty the Emperor of China, having committed a crime against a subject of one of the contracting German States, shall be apprehended by the Chinese authorities and punished according to the laws of China.
In like manner, if a subject of the contracting German States is guilty of a crime against a subject of His Majesty the Emperor of China, the Consular officer shall arrest him and punish him according to the laws of the State to which he belongs.
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
101
Art. XXXIX.-All questions arising between subjects of the contracting German States in reference to the rights of property or person shall be submitted to the jurisdiction of the authorities of their respective States. In like manner will the Chinese authorities abstain from interfering in differences that may arise between subjects of one of the contracting German States and foreigners.
Art. XL.-The contracting parties agree that the German States and their subjects shall fully and equally participate in all privileges, immunities, and ad- vantages that have been, or may be hereafter, granted by His Majesty the Emperor of China to the government or subjects of any other nation. All changes made in favour of any nation in the tariff, in the Customs duties, in toanage and harbour dues, in import, export, or transit duties, shall, as soon as they take effect, imme- diately, and without a new Treaty, be equally applied to the contracting German States and to their merchants, shipowners, and navigators.
Art. XLI.-If in future the contracting German States desire a modification of any stipulation contained in this Treaty, they shall be at liberty, after the lapse of ten years, dated from the day of the ratification of this Treaty, to open negotiations to that effect. Six months before the expiration of the ten years it must be officially notified to the Chinese Government that modifications of the Treaty are desired, aud in what these consist. If no such notification is made the Treaty remains in force for another ten years.
Art. XLII. The present Treaty shall be ratified and the ratifications be exchanged within one year, dated from the day of signature, the exchange of the ratifications to take place at Shanghai or Tientsin, at the option of the Prussian Government. Im- mediately after the exchange of ratifications has taken place, the Treaty shall be brought to the knowledge of the Chinese authorities, and be promulgated in the capital and throughout the provinces of the Chinese Empire, for the guidance of the authorities. In faith whereof we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the high contracting Powers, have signed and sealed the present Treaty.
Done in four copies, at Tientsin, this second day of September, in the year oe our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, corresponding with the Chinesf date of the twenty-eighth day of the seventh moon of the eleventh year of Hien Fung,
(Signed)
[L.S.] [L.S.]
COUNT EULEnburg, CHONG MEEN.
""
[L.S.]
CHONG HEE.
SEPARATE ARTICLE
In addition to a Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation concluded this day between Prussia, the other States of the German Customs Union, the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the Hanseatic towns of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg of the one part, and China of the other part, which Treaty shall take effect after exchange of the ratifications within twelve months from its signature, and which stipulates that His Majesty the King of Prussia may nominate a diplomatic agent at the Court of Peking with a permanent residence at that capital, it has been covenanted between the respective Plenipotentiaries of these States that, owing to and in consideration of the disturbances now prevailing in China, His Majesty the King of Prussia shall wait the expiration of five years after the exchange of ratifications of this Treaty before he deputes a diplomatic agent to take up his fixed residence at Peking.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have hereunto set their signa- tures and affixed their seals.
Done in four copies at Tientsin, this second day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, corresponding to the Chinese date of the twenty-eighth day of the seventh moon of the eleventh year of Hien Fung.
(Signed)
COUNT EULENBURG.
[L.S.]
[L.S.]
CHONG MEEN.
""
[L.S.]
CHONG HEE.
102 SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA
SEPARATE ARTICLE
In addition to a Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, concluded between Prussia, the other States of the German Customs Union, the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the Hanseatic towns of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg on the one part, and China on the other part:
It has been separately agreed that the Senates of the Hanseatic towns shall have the right to nominate for themselves a Consul of their own at each of the Chinese ports open for commerce and navigation.
This Separate Article shall have the same force and validity as if included word for word in the above-mentioned Treaty.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this present Separate Article and affixed their seals.
Done in four copies at Tientsin, the second day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, corresponding to the Chinese date of the twenty-eighth day of the seventh moon of the eleventh year of Hien Fung.
(Signed)
[L.S.] [L.S.]
COUNT EULENBURG. CHONG MEEN.
""
[L.S.]
CHONG HEE.
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY
AND CHINA, 1880
Ratified 16th September, 1881
[Translated from the German Text]
His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia, &c., in the name of the German Empire, and his Majesty the Emperor of China, wishing to secure the more perfect execution of the Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861, have, in conformity with Article XLI. of that Treaty, according to the terms of which the High Contracting German States are entitled, after a period of ten years, to demand a revision of the Treaty, decided to conclude a Supplementary Convention.
With this view they have appointed their Plenipotentiaries-viz., His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia, etc., his Euvoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Max August Scipio von Brandt; and His Majesty the Emperor of China, the Minister of the Tsung-li Yamen, the Secretary of State, etc., Shen Kue-fen; and the Secretary of State, etc., Chin Lien;
Who, after communicating to each other their full powers, and finding them in due form, have agreed upon the following Articles:-
Art. I.-Chinese Concession.-The harbours of Ichang, in Hupei; Wuhu, in Anhui; Wenchow, in Chekiang; and Pakhao. in Kwang:ung, and the landing-places Tat'ung and Anking in Anhui; Huk'ow, in Kiangsi; Wusueh, Luchikow, and Shah- shih, in Hukuang, having already been opened, German ships are in future also to be permitted to touch at the harbour of Woosung, in the province of Kiangsu, to take in or discharge merchandise. The necessary Regulations are to be drawn up by the Taotai of Shanghai and the competent authorities.
German Concession. In the event of special regulations for the execution of concessions which the Chinese Government may make to foreign Governments being attached to such concessions, Germany, while claiming these concessions for herself and for her subjects, will equally assent to the regulations attached to them.
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA
103
Art. XI. of the Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861, is not affected by this regulation, and is hereby expressly confirmed.
Should German subjects, on the strength of this Article, claim privileges, immu- nities, or advantages which the Chinese Government may further concede to another Power, or the subject of such Power, they will also submit to the regulations which have been agreed upon in connection with such concession.
Art. II. Chinese Concession.-German ships, which have already paid tonnage dues in China, may visit all other open ports in China, as well as all ports not Chinese, without exception, without being again obliged to pay tonnage dues, within the given period of four months.
German sailing-vessels which remain in the same Chinese harbour for a longer period than fourteen days shall only pay for time over and above this period half of the tonnage dues stipulated by Treaty.
German Concession.-The Chinese Government shall have the right of appointing Consuls to all towns of Germany in which the Consuls of other States are admitted, and they shall enjoy the same rights and privileges as the Consuls of the most favoured nation.
Art. III.-Chinese Concession.--The Chinese Commissioner of Customs, and the other competent authorities, shall, after agreeing upon the necessary regulations, themselves take measures for the establishment of bouded warehouses in all the open ports of China in which they are required in the interests of foreign commerce, and where local circumstances would adinit of such an arrangement being made.
German Concession.-German ships visiting the open ports of China shall deliver a manifest containing an exact statement as to the quality and quantity of their cargoes. Mistakes which may have occurred in the manifests can be rectified in the course of twenty-four hours (Sundays and holidays excepted). False statements as to the quantity and quality of cargo are punishable by confiscation of the goods and also by a fine, to be imposed upon the captain, but not to exceed the sum of Tls. 500.
Art. IV.-Chinese Concession.-The export duty on Chinese coal, exported by German merchants from the open ports, is reduced to 3 mace per ton. In those ports in which a lower duty on the export of coal has already been fixed upon the lower duty remains in force.
German Concession. Any one acting as pilot for any kind of craft whatever without being furnished with the regulation certificate is liable to a fine not to exceed Tls. 100 for each separate case.
Regulations with a view to exercising a proper control over sailors are to be introduced with the least possible delay.
Art. V.-Chinese Concession.-German ships in want of repairs in consequence of damages sustained within or without the port are not required to pay tonnage dues during the period necessary for repairs, which is to be fixed by the Inspectorate of Customs.
German Concession.-Ships belonging to Chinese may not make use of the German flag, nor may German ships make use of the Chinese flag.
Art. VI.-Chinese Concession. In the event of German ships, no longer fit for sea, being broken up in any open port of China, the material may be sold without any import duty being levied upon it. But if the materials are to be brought ashore a "permit of discharge" must first be obtained for them from the Customs Inspec- torate, in the same manner as in the case of merchandise.
German Concession.-If German subjects travel into the interior for their own pleasure without being in possession of a passport issued by the Cons 11 and stamped by the proper Chinese authority, the local authorities cncerned are entitled to have them taken back to the nearest German Consulate, in order that the requisite supervision may be exercised over them. The offender is, in addition to this, liable to a fine up to 300 Taels.
Art. VII.-Chinese Concession.--Materials for German docks are free of duty. A list of articles which may be imported free of duty in conformity with this stipulation is to be drawa up and published by the Inspector-General of Customs.
104 SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA
German Concession.-Passes issued to German subjects for conveying foreign merchandise into the interior, as well as passports for the purpose of travelling issued to German subjects, are only to remain in force for a period of thirteen Chinese months from the day on which they were issued.
Art. VIII. The settlement of the question relating to judicial proceedings in mixed cases, the taxation of foreign merchandise in the interior, the taxation of Chinese goods in the possession of foreign merchants in the interior, and intercourse between foreign and Chinese officials are to become the subject of special negotiations, which both Governments hereby declare themselves ready to enter upon.
Art. IX. All the provisions of the former Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861, which have not been altered by this agreement, are hereby confirmed anew, as both parties now expressly declare.
In the cases of those Articles, on the other hand, which are affected by the present Treaty, the new interpretation of them is to be considered as binding.
Art. X. The present Supplementary Convention shall be ratified by their Majesties, and the ratifications exchanged at Peking, within a year from the date of its signature.
The provisions of the agreement come into force on the day of the exchange of the ratifications.
In witness whereof the plenipotentiaries of both the High Contracting Powers have signed and sealed with their seals the above agreement in four copies, in the German and Chinese texts, which have been compared and found to correspond.
Done at Peking the thirty-first March, one thousand eight hundred and eighty, corresponding to the twenty-first day of the second moon of the sixth year of Kwang Hsu.
(Signed)
[L.S.]
""
[L.S.]
M. VON BRandt. SHEN KUE-FEN.
[L.S.]
CHING LIEN.
SPECIAL STIPULATIONS TO THE SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION
For the sake of greater clearness and completeness, it has seemed fitting to append a number of special stipulations to the Supplementary Convention.
The following stipulations must be observed by the subjects of both the contracting parties, in the same way as the stipulations of the Treaty itself. In proof whereof the Plenipotentiaries of the two States have thereto set their seals and signatures:-
1. In accordance with the newly-granted privileges for the port of Woosung in the province of Kiangsu, German ships shall be at liberty to take in and to unload there merchandise which is either intended for Shanghai or comes from Shanghai; and for this purpose the competent authorities there shall have the right of devising regulations in order to prevent frauds on the taxes and irregularities of every kind; which regulations shall be binding for the merchants of both countries, German merchants are not at liberty to construct landing-places for ships, merchants' houses, or warehouses at the said place.
2.-An experiment to ascertain whether bonded warehouses can be established in the Chinese open ports shall first be made at Shanghai.
For this purpose the Customs Director at the said place, with the Customs Inspector-General, shall forthwith draw up regulations suitable to. the local conditions, and then the said Customs Director and his colleagues shall proceed to the establishment of such bonded warehouse.
3.-If any goods found on board a German ship, for the discharge whereof a written permit from the Customs Office is required, are not entered in the manifest,
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA
103
this shall be taken as proof of a false manifest, no matter whether a certificate of the reception of such goods on board, bearing the captain's signature, be produced
or not.
4.-If a German ship, in consequence of damages received in one of the open Chinese ports, or outside thereof, needs repair, the time required for such repair shall be reckoned in addition to the term after the lapse of which tonnage-dues are to be paid. The Chinese authorities have the right to make the necessary arrange- ments for this purpose. But if it appears therefrom that this is only a pretext and a design to evade the legal payments to the Customs, the ship therein concerned shall be fined in double the amount of the tonnage-dues whereof it has tried to evade the payment.
5. No ships of any kind which belong to Chinese subjects are allowed to make use of the German flag. If there are definite grounds for suspicion that this has nevertheless been done, the Chinese authority concerned is to address an official communication thereon to the German Consul, and if it should be shown, in con- sequence of the investigation instituted by him, that the ship was really not entitled to bear the German flag, the ship as well as the goods found therein, so far as they belong to Chinese merchants, shall be immediately delivered over to the Chinese authorities for further disposal. If it be ascertained that German subjects were aware of the circumstances, and took part in the commission of the irregularity, the whole of the goods belonging to them found in the ship are liable to confiscation, and the people themselves to punishment according to law.
In case a German ship carries the Chinese flag without authority to do so, then, if it be ascertained through the investigation made by the Chinese authorities that the ship was really not entitled to bear the Chinese flag, the ship, as well as the goods found therein, so far as they belong to German merchants, shall be imme- diately delivered over to the German Consul for further disposal and the punishment of the guilty. If it be shown that German owners of goods were aware of the cir- cumstance and took part in the commission of this irregularity, all the goods belong- ing to them found in the ship shall incur the penalty of confiscation by the Chinese authorities. The goods belonging to Chinese may be immediately seized by the Chinese authorities.
6. If on the sale of the materials of a German ship which, from unseaworthi- ness, has been broken up in one of the open Chinese ports, an attempt be made to mix up with them goods belonging to the cargo, these goods shall be liable to con- fiscation, and, moreover, to a fine equal to double the amount of the import duty which they would otherwise have had to pay.
7.-If German subjects go into the interior with foreign goods, or travel there, the passes or certificates issued to them shall only be valid for thirteen Chinese months, reckoned from the day of their issue, and after the lapse of that term must no longer be used. The expired passes and certificates must be returned to the Customs authorities in whose official district they were issued in order to be cancelled.
N.B.-If a pleasure excursion be undertaken into regions so distant that the term of a year appears insufficient, this must be noted on the pass by reason of an understanding between the Consul and the Chinese authority at the time it is issued.
If the return of the passport be omitted, no further pass shall be issued to the person concerned until it has taken place. If the pass be lost, no matter whether within the term or after its expiration, the person concerned must forthwith make a formal declaration of the fact before the nearest Chinese authority. The Chinese official applied to will then do what else may be necessary for the invalidation of the pass. If the recorded declaration prove to be untrue, in case the transport of goods be concerned, they will be confiscated; if the matter relate to travelling, the traveller will be taken to the nearest Consul, and be delivered up to him for punishment.
8.-Materials for German docks only enjoy, in so far as they are actually employed for the repair of ships, the favour of duty-free importation in open ports. The Customs authority has the right to send inspectors to the dock to convince
106
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA
themselves on the spot as to the manner and way in which the materials are being used. If the construction of a new ship be concerned, the materials employed for this, in so far as they are specially entered in the import or export tariff, will be reckoned at the tariff duty, and those not entered in the tariff at a duty of 5 per cent. ad valorem, and the merchant concerned will be bound to pay this duty subsequently.
Any one who wishes to lay out a dock is to get from the Customs office a gratis Concession certificate, and to sign a written undertaking, the purport and wording whereof is to be settled in due form by the Customs office concerned.
9.-Art. XXIX. of the Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861, shall be applicable to the fines established by this present Supplementary Convention.
Done at Peking the thirty-first March, one thousand eight hundred and eighty, corresponding with the twenty-first day of the second month of the sixth year of Kwang Hsu.
(Signed)
[L.S.] M. VON BRANDT.
"
[L.S.]
SHEN KUE-FEN.
19
[L.S.]
CHING LIEN.
THE PRINCE OF KUNG AND THE MINISTERS OF THE TSUNG-LI YAMEN
TO HERR VON BRANDT
Kwang Hsu, 6th year, 2nd mouth, 21st day.
(Peking, March 31st, 1880.)
With regard to the stipulation contained in the second Article of the Supple mentary Convention concluded on occasion of the Treaty revision, that German sailing-ships which lie for a longer time than fourteen days in Chinese ports shall only pay for the time beyond that term the moiety of the tonnage dues settled by Treaty, the Plenipotentiaries of the two contracting parties have agreed and declared that the said stipulation shall first of all be introduced by way of trial, and that in case, on carrying it out, practical difficulties should arise, another stipula tion may be put in its place on the basis of a renewed joint discussion by both parties.
PROTOCOL
The undersigned, who have been expressly empowered by their Government to make the following arrangements, have agreed that the term settled by the Pleni- potentiaries of the German Empire and of China in the Supplementary Convention concluded at Peking on the 31st March this year, for the exchange of the Ratifica- tion of the Convention, shall be prolonged till the 1st December, 1881.
The other stipulations of the Supplementary Convention of the 31st March, this year, are not affected by this alteration.
In witness whereof the undersigned have subscribed with their own hands and affixed their seals to this Agreement, in two copies of each of the German and Chinese texts, which have been compared with each other and found to correspond.
Done at Peking the twenty-first August, one thousand eight hundred and eighty, corresponding with the sixteenth day of the seventh month of the sixth year Kwang Hsu.
(Signed)
[L.S.]
""
[L.S.]
22
[L.S.]
"
[L.S.]
""
[L.S.]
[L.S.]
M. VON BRANDT.
SHEN KUE-FEN.
CHING LIEN.
WANG NEEN-SHOU.
LIN SHU.
CHUNG LI.
THE KIAOCHOW CONVENTION
I.-His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of preserving the existing good relations with His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, and of promoting an increase of German power and influence in the Far East, sanctions the acquirement under lease by Germany of the land extending for 100 li at high tide (at Kiaochow).
His Majesty the Emperor of China is willing that German troops should take possession of the above-mentioned territory at any time the Emperor of Germany chooses. China retains her sovereignty over this territory, and, should she at any time wish to enact laws or carry out plans within the leased area, she shall be at liberty to enter into negotiations with Germany with reference thereto; provided always that such laws or plans shall not be prejudicial to German interests. Germany may engage in works for the public benefit, such as water-works, within the territory covered by the lease, without reference to China. Should China wish to march troops or establish garrisons therein she can only do so after negotiating with and obtaining the express permission of Germany.
II.His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, being desirous, like the rulers of certain other countries, of establishing a naval and coaling station and constructing dockyards on the coast of China, the Emperor of China agrees to lease to him for the purpose all the land on the southern and northern sides of Kiaochow Bay for a term of ninety-nine years. Germany is to be at liberty to erect forts on this land for the defence of her possessions therein.
III. During the continuance of the lease China shall have no voice in the government or administration of the leased territory. It will be governed and administered during the whole term of ninety-nine years solely by Germany, so that the possibility of friction between the two Powers may be reduced to the smallest magnitude. The lease covers the following districts:-
(a)-All the land in the north-east of Lienhan, adjacent to the north-eastern mouth of the Bay, within a straight line drawn from the north-eastern corner of Yintao to Laoshau-wan.
(b.)-All the land in the south-west of Lienban, adjacent to the southern mouth of the Bay, within a straight line drawn from a point on the shore of the Bay bearing south-west by south from Tsi-pe-shan-to.
(c.)-Tsi-pe-shan-to and Yintao.
(d.)-The whole area of the Bay of Kiaochow covered at high-water. (e.)-Certain islands at the entrance of the Bay which are ceded for the
purpose of erecting forts for the defence of the German possessions. The boundaries of the leased territory shall hereafter be more exactly defined by a commission appointed jointly by the Chinese and German Governments, and consisting of Chinese and German subjects. Chinese ships of war and merchant-ships, and ships of war and merchant-ships of countries having treaties and in a state of amity with China shall receive equal treatment with German ships of war and merchant ships in Kiaochow Bay during the continuance of the lease. Germany is at liberty to enact any regula tions she desires for the government of the territory and harbour, provided such regulations apply impartially to the ships of all nations, Germany and China included.
IV. Germany shall be at liberty to erect whatever lighthouses, beacons, and other aids to navigation she chooses within the territory leased, and along the islands and coasts approaching the entrance to the harbour. Vessels of China and vessels of other countries entering the harbour shall be liable to special duties for the repair and maintenance of all lighthouses, beacons and other aids to navigation which Bermany may erect and establish. Chinese vessels shall be exempt from other special duties.
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RAILWAY AND MINING CONCESSION
V. Should Germany desire to give up her interest in the leased territory before the expiration of ninety-nine years, China shall take over the whole area, and pay Germany for whatever German property may at the time of surrender be there situated. In cases of such surrender taking place Germany shall be at liberty to lease some other point along the coast. Germany shall not cede the territory leased to any other Power than China. Chinese subjects shall be allowed to live in the territory leased, under the protection of the German authorities, and there carry on their avoca- tions and business as long as they conduct themselves as peaceable and law-abiding citizens. Germany shall pay a reasonable price to the native proprietors for whatever lands her Government or subjects require. Fugitive Chinese criminals taking refuge in the leased territory shall be arrested and surrendered to the Chinese authorities for trial and punishment, upon application to the German authorities, but the Chinese authorities shall not be at liberty to send agents into the leased territory to make arrests. The German authorities shall not interfere with the lekin stations outside but adjacent to the territory.
THE RAILWAY AND MINING CONCESSION
I. The Chinese Government sanctions the construction by Germany of two lines of railway in Shantung. The first will run from Kiaochow and Tsinan-fu to the boundary of Shantung province via Wei-hsien, Tsinchow, Pashan, Tsechuen and Suiping. The second line will connect Kiaochow with Chinchow, whence an extension will be constructed to Tsinan through Laiwu-hsien. The construction of this extension shall not be begun until the first part of the line, the main line, is completed, in order to give the Chinese an opportunity of connecting this line in the most advan- tageous manner with their own railway system. What places the line from Tsinan-fu to the provincial boundary shall take in en route is to be determined hereafter.
II.-In order to carry out the above-mentioned railway work a Chino-German Company shall be formed, with branches at whatever places may be necessary, and in this Company both German and Chinese subjects shall be at liberty to invest money if they so choose, and appoint directors for the management of the undertaking.
Profits
III.-AİL arrangements in connection with the works specified shall be determined by a future conference of German and Chinese representatives. The Chinese Govern- ment shall afford every facility and protection and extend every welcome to representa- tives of the German Railway Company operating in Chinese territory. derived from the working of these railways shall be justly divided pro rata between the shareholders without regard to nationality. The object of constructing these lines is solely the development of commerce. În inaugurating a railway system in Shantung Germany entertains no treacherous intention towards China, and under- takes not to unlawfully seize any land in the province.
IV. The Chinese Government shall allow German subjects to hold and develop mining property for a distance of 30 li from each side of these railways and along the whole extent of the lines. The following places where mining operations may be carried on are particularly specified along the northern railway from Kiaochow to Tsinan, Weihsien, Pa-shan-hsien and various other points; and along the Southern Kiaochow-Tsinan-Chinchow line, Chinchow-fu, Luiwuhsien, etc. Chinese capital may be invested in these operations and arrangements for carrying on the work shall hereafter be made by a joint conference of Chinese and German representatives. All German subjects engaged in such works in Chinese territory shall be properly protected and welcomed by the Chinese authorities and all profits derived shall be fairly divided between Chinese and German shareholders according to the extent of
THE UNITED KINGDOM AND GERMANY RELATIVE TO CHINA
109
the interest they hold in the undertakings. In trying to develop mining property in China, Germany is actuated by no treacherous motives against this country, but seeks alone to increase commerce and improve the relations between the two countries.
If at any time the Chinese should form schemes for the development of Shantung, for the execution of which it is necessary to obtain foreign capital, the Chinese Government, or whatever Chinese may be interested in such schemes, shall, in the first instance, apply to German capitalists. Application shall also be made to German manufacturers for the necessary machinery and materials before the manu- facturers of any other Power are approached. Should German capitalists or manu- facturers decline to take up the business the Chinese shall then be at liberty to obtain money and materials from sources of other nationality than German.
This convention requires the sanction of His Majesty the Emperor of China and His Majesty the Emperor of Germany. When the sanction of His Majesty the Emperor of China reaches Berlin the agreement approved by His Majesty the Emperor of Germany shall be handed to the Chinese Ambassador. When the final draft is agreed to by both parties four clean copies of it shall be made, two in Chinese and two in German, which shall be duly signed by the Chinese and German Minister at Berlin and Peking. Each Power shall retain one Chinese copy and one German copy, and the agreement shall be faithfully observed on either side.
Dated, the fourteenth day of the second moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kwang Hsu. (March 6th, 1898.)
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND
GERMANY RELATIVE TO CHINA
OCTOBER 16TH, 1900
No. 1.
THE MARQUESS OF SALISBURY TO COUNT HATZFELDT.
Your Excellency,
Foreign Office, October 16th, 1900.
I have the honour to inform you that Her Majesty's Government approve the Agreement, annexed hereto, which has been negotiated between your Excellency and myself with regard to the principles on which the mutual policy of Great Britain aud Germany in China should be based.
I have, etc.,
(Signed)
SALISBURY.
Inclosure in No. 1.
AGREEMENT SIGNED ON THE 16TH OCTOBER, 1900.
Her Britannic Majesty's Government and the Imperial German Government, being desirous to maintain their interests in China and their rights under existing Treaties, have agreed to observe the following principles in regard to their mutual policy in China :--
1. It is a matter of joint an 1 permanent international interest that the ports on the rivers and littoral of China should remain free and open to trade and to every other legitimate form of economic activity for the nationals of all countries without
110
THE UNITED KINGDOM AND GERMANY RELATIVE TO CHINA
distinction; and the two Governments agree on their part to uphold the same for all Chinese territory as far as they can exercise influence,
2. Her Britannic Majesty's Government and the Imperial German Government will not, on their part, make use of the present complication to obtain for them- selves any territorial advantages in Chinese dominions, and will direct their policy towards maintaining undiminished the territorial condition of the Chinese Empire.
3. In case of another Power making use of the complications in China in order to obtain under any form whatever such territorial advantages, the two contracting parties reserve to themselves to come to a preliminary understanding as to the eventual steps to be taken for the protection of their own interests in China.
4. The two Governments will communicate this Agreement to the other Powers interested, and especially to Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the United States of America, and will invite them to accept the principles recorded in it.
No. 2.
COUNT HATZFELDT TO THE MARQUESS OF SALISBURY.
(Translation.)
German Embassy, London,
October 16th, 1900.
My Lord,
I have the honour to inform your Excellency that my Government hive con- curred in the following points agreed to between your Excellency and myself:-
The Imperial German Government and Her Britannic Majesty's Government, being desirous to maintain their interests in China and their rights under existing Treaties, have agreed to observe the following principles in regard to their mutual policy in China :
1. It is a matter of joint and permanent international interest that the ports on the rivers and littoral of China should remain free and open to trade and to every other legitimate form of economic activity for the nationals of all countries without distinction; and the two Governments agree on their part to uphold the same for all Chinese territory as far as they can exercise influence.
2. The Imperial German Government and Her Britannic Majesty's Govern- ment will not, on their part, make use of the present complication to obtain for themselves any territorial advantages in Chinese dominious, and will direct their policy towards maintaining undiminished the territorial condition of the Chinese Empire.
3. In case of another Power making use of the complications in China in order to obtain under any form whatever such territorial advantages, the two contracting parties reserve to themselves to come to a preliminary understanding as to the eventual steps to be taken for the protection of their own interests in China.
4. The two Governments will communicate this Agreement to the other Powers interested, and especially to Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the United States of America, and will invite them to accept the principles recorded in it
With the highest respect, etc., etc.,
(Signed)
HATZFELDT.
RUSSIA
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
SIGNED, IN THE RUSSIAN, CHINESE, AND FRENCH LANGUAGES,
AT ST. PETERSBURG, 12TH FEBRUARY, 1881
Ratifications exchanged at St. Petersburg, 19th August, 1881
[Translated from the French Text]
His Majesty the Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias and His Majesty the Emperor of China, desiring to regulate some questions of frontier and trade touching the interests of the two Empires, in order to cement the relations of friendship between the two countries, have named for their Plenipotentiaries, to the effect of establishing an agreement on these questions:-
His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias: His Secretary of State Nicholas de Giers, Senator, actual Privy Councillor, directing the Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and his Envoy Extraordinary and Ministry Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of China, Eugène de Buzow, actual Councillor of State.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China: Tseng, Marquess of Neyong, Vice- President of the High Court of Justice, his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, furnished with special powers to sign the present Treaty in quality of Ambassador Extraordinary :-
The above-named Plenipotentiaries, furnished with full powers, which have been found sufficient, have agreed upon the following stipulations:-
Art. I.-His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias consents to the re- establishment of the Chinese Government in the country of Ili, temporarily occupied since 1871 by the Russian Armies. Russia remains in possession of this country within the limits indicated by Article VII. of the present Treaty.
Art. II. His Majesty the Emperor of China engages to decree the proper measures to shelter the inhabitants of the country of Ili, of whatever race and to whatever religion they belong, from all persecution, in their goods or in their persons, from acts committed during or after the troubles that have taken place in that country, A proclamation in conformity with this engagement will be addressed by the Chinese authorities, in the name of His Majesty the Emperor of China, to the popula tion of the country of Ili, before the restoration of this country to the said authorities.
Art. III. The inhabitants of the country of Ili will be free to remain in the places of their actual residence as Chinese subjects, or to emigrate to Russia and to adopt Russian dependence. They will be called to pronounce themselves on the subject before the re-establishment of Chinese authority in the country of Ili, and a delay of one year, from the date of the restoration of the country to the Chinese authorities, will be accorded to those who show a desire to emigrate to Russia. The Chinese will oppose no impediment to their emigration or to the transportation of their moveable property.
Art. IV. Russian subjects possessing land in the country of Ili will keep their rights of property, even after the re-establishment of the authority of the Chinese Government in that country.
This provision is not applicable to the inhabitants of the country of Ili who shall adopt Russian nationality upon the re-establishment of Chinese authority in this country.
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TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
Russian subjects whose lands are situated without places appropriated to Russian factories, in virtue of Article XIII. of the Treaty of Kuldja of 1851, ought to discharge the same taxes and contributions as Chinese subjects.
Art. V. The two Governments will appoint commissioners of Kuldja, who will proceed to the restoration on the one part, to the resumption on the other, of the administration of the province of Ili, and who will be charged, in general, with the execution of the stipulations of the present Treaty relating to the re-establish- ment, in this country, of the Chinese Government.
The said commissioners will fulfil their commission, in conforming to the understanding which will be established as to the mode of restoration on the one part and of resumption on the other, of the administration of the country of Ili, between the Governor-General of Turkestau and the Governor-General of Shansi and Kansuh, charged by the two Governments with the high direction of the affair.
The resumption of the country of Ili should be finished within a delay of three months or sooner, if it can be done, dating from the day of the arrival at Tashkend of the functionary who will be delegated by the Governor-General of Shansi and Kansuh to the Governor-General of Turkestan to notify to him the ratification and the promulgation of the present Treaty by His Majesty the Emperor of China.
Art. VI.-The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China will pay to the Russian Government the sum of nine millions of metallic roubles, designed to cover the expenses occasioned by the occupation of the country of Ili by the Russian troops since 1871, to satisfy all the pecuniary claims arising from, up to the present day, the losses which Russian subjects have suffered in their goods pillaged on Chinese territories, and to furnish relief to the families of Russian subjects killed in armed attacks of which they have been victims on Chinese territory.
The above-mentioned sum of nine millions of metallic roubles will be paid within the term of two years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty, according to the order and the conditions agreed upon between the two Governments in the special Protocol annexed to the present Treaty.
Art. VII.-The western portion of the country of Ili is incorporated with Russia, in order to serve as a place of establishment for the inhabitants of this country who shall adopt the Russian dependence and who, by this action, will have had to abandon the lands which they possessed there.
The frontier between the possessions of Russia and the Chinese province of Ili will follow, starting from the mountains Bèdjin-taou, the course of the river Khorgos, as far as the place where this river falls into the river Ili, and, crossing the latter, will take a direction to the south, towards the mountains Ouzoun-taou, leaving to the west the village of Koldjat. Proceeding from this point it will follow, whilst being directed to the south, the delineation fixed by the Protocol signed at Tchugtu- chack in 1864.
Art. VIII-A part of the frontier line, fixed by the protocol signed at Tchugtu- chack in 1861, at the east of the Lake Zaisan, having been found defective, the two Governments will name commissioners who will modify, by a common agreement, the ancient delineation in such a manner as to remove the defects pointed out and to estab- lish an effective separation between the Kirghiz tribes submitted to the two Empires.
To the new delineation will be given, as much as possible, an intermediate direc- tion between the old frontier and a straight line leading from the Kouitoun hill towards the Saour hills, crossing the Tcherny-Irtysh.
Art. IX.-The commissioners to be named by the two contracting parties will proceed to place posts of demarcation, as well on the delineation fixed by the preceding Articles VII. and VIII., as on the parts of the frontier where posts have not yet been placed. The time and the place of meeting of these commissioners shall be fixed by an understanding between the two Governments.
The two Governments will also name commissioners to examine the frontier and to place posts of demarcation between the Russian province of Ferganah and the western part of the Chinese province of Kashgar. The commissioners will take for the base of their work the existing frontier.
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
113
Art. X.-The right recognised by the Treaties of the Russian Government to nominate Consuls to Ili, to Tarbagatai, to Kashgar, and to Ourga is extended, from the present time, to the towns of Soutcheon (Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan. In the following towns: Kobdo, Uliassoutai, Khami, Urumtsi, and Goutchen, the Russian Government will establish consulates in proportion to the development of commerce, and after an understanding with the Chinese Government.
The Consul of Soutcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan will exercise consular functions in the neighbouring districts, where the interests of Russian subjects demand their presence.
The dispositions contained in Articles V. and VI. of the Treaty concluded at Peking. in 1860, and relative to the concession of land for the houses for the consulates, for cemeteries, and for pasturage, will apply equally to the towns of Soutcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan. The local authorities will aid the Consul to find provisional habitations until the time when the houses of the consulates shall be built.
The Russian Consuls in Mongolia and in the districts situated on the two slopes of the Tien-shan will make use of, for their journeys and for their correspondence, the postal institutions of the Government, conformably to the stipulations of Article XI. of the Treaty of Tientsin and of Article XII. of the Treaty of Peking. The Chinese authorities, to whom they will address themselves for this purpose, will lend them aid and assistance.
The town of Turfan not being a locality open to foreign trade, the right of establishing a consulate will not be invoked as a precedent to obtain a right analogous to the ports of China for the provinces of the interior and for Manchuria.
Art. XI.-Russian Consuls will communicate, for affairs of service, either with the local authorities of the town of their residence, or with the superior authorities of the circuit or of the province, according as the interests which are respectively confided to them, the importance of the affairs to be treated of, and their prompt expedition shall require. As to the rules of etiquette to be observed at the time of their interviews and, in general, in their relations, they will be based upon the respect which the functionaries of two friendly Powers reciprocally owe each other.
All the affairs which may arise on Chinese territory, on the subject of commer- cial or other transactions, between those under the jurisdiction of the two States, will be examinel and regulated, by a common agreement, by the Consuls and the Chinese authorities.
In lawsuits on commercial matters, the two parties will terminate their difference amicably by means of arbitrators chosen by one side and the other. If agreement is not established in this way, the affair will be examined and regulated by the authorities of the two States.
Engagements contracted in writing, between Russian and Chinese subjects, relative to orders for merchandise, to the transport of it, to the location of shops, of houses, and of other places, or relating to other transactions of the same kind, may be presented for legalisation by the Consulates and by the superior local administrations, who are bound to legalize the documents which are presented to them. In case of non-execution of the engagements contracted, the Consul and the Chinese authorities will consult as to the measures necessary to secure the execution of these obligations.
Art. XII.-Russian subjects are authorized to carry on, as in the past, trade free of duties in Mongolia subject to China, as well as in places and aimaks where there is a Chinese administration, as in those where there is none.
Russian subjects will equally enjoy the right of carrying on trade free of duties in the towns and other localities of the provinces of Ili, of Tarbagatai, of Kashgar. of Urumtsi, and others situated on the slopes north and south of the chain of the Tien-shan as far as the Great Wall. This immunity will be abrogated when the development of the trade necessitates the establishment of a customs tariff contorm- able to an understanding to be come to by the two Governments.
Russian subjects can import into the above-named provinces of China and export from them every description of produce, of whatever origin they may be.
114
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
They may make purchases and sales, whether in cash, or by way of exchange; they will have the right to make their payments in merchandise of every description.
Art. XIII. In the places where the Russian Government will have the right.... to establish consulates, as well as in the town of Kalgan, Russian subjects may construct houses, shops, warehouses, and other buildings on the lands which they will acquire by means of purchase, or which may be conceded to them by the local. authorities, conformably to that which has been established for Ili and Tarbagatai, by Article XIII. of the Treaty of Kuldja of 1851.
The privileges granted to Russian subjects in the town of Kalgan, where there will not be a consulate, constitute an exception which cannot be extended to any other locality of the interior provinces.
Art. XIV.-Russian merchants who may wish to dispatch merchandise from Russia, by land, into the interior provinces of China, can, as formerly, direct it by the towns of Kalgan and Tungchow, to the port of Tientsin, and from there to the other ports and interior markets, and sell it in those different places.
Merchants will use this same route to export to Russia the merchandise purchased, as well in the towns and ports above named as in the interior markets.
They will equally have the right to repair, for matters of trade, to Soutcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan), the terminal point of the Russian caravans, and they will enjoy there all the rights granted to Russian trade at Tientsin.
Art. XV.-Trade by land, exercised by Russian subjects in the interior and exterior provinces of China, will be governed by the Regulations annexed to the
present Treaty.
The commercial stipulations of the present Treaty, as well as the Regulations which serve as a supplement to it, can be revised after an interval of ten years has elapsed from the date of the exchange of ratifications of the Treaty; but if, in the course of six months before the expiration of this term, neither of the contracting parties manifest a desire to proceed to the revision, the trade stipulations as well as the Regulations will remain in force for a new term of ten years.
Trade by sea route of Russian subjects in China will be subject to the general regulations established for foreign maritime commerce in China. If it becomes necessary to make modifications in these regulations, the two Governments will establish an understanding on this subject.
Art. XVI.-If the development of Russian overland trade provokes the necessity of the establishment, for goods of export and import in China, of a Customs tariff, more in relation than the tariffs actually in force to the necessities of that trade, the Russian and Chinese Governments will proceed to an understanding on this subject, by adopting as a base for settling the duties of entry and exit the rate of five per cent. of the value of the goods.
Until the establishment of this tariff, the export duties on some kinds of teas of inferior quality, actually imposed at the rates establishel for the tea of superior quality, will be diminished proportionately to their value. The settling of these duties will be proceeded with, for each kind of tea, by an understanding between the Chinese Government and the envoy of Russia to Peking, within the term of one year, at the latest, from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty. Art. XVII. Some divergencies of opinion having arisen hitherto as to the application of Article X. of the Treaty concluded at Peking, in 1860, it is established by these presents that the stipulations of the above-named Article, relative to the recoveries to be effected, in case of theft and the harbouring of cattle beyond the frontier, will be for the future interpreted in this sense, that at the time of the discovery of the individuals guilty of theft or the harbouring of cattle, they will be condemned to pay the real value of the cattle which they have not restored. It is understood that in case of the insolvency of the individuals guilty of theft of cattle, the indemnity to be paid cannot be placed to the charge of the local authorities.
The frontier authorities of the two States will prosecute with all the rigour of the laws of their country the individuals guilty of the harbouring of or theft of cattle,
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
115
and should take the measures in their power for the restitution to whom they belong of cattle diverted, or which may have passed the frontier.
The traces of cattle turned aside or which may have passed the frontier may be indicated, not only to the guards of the frontier posts, but also to the elders of the nearest villages.
Art. XVIII. The stipulations of the Treaty concluded at Aigoun the 16th May, 1858, concerning the rights of the subjects of the two Empires to navigate the Amoor, the Sungari, and the Oussouri, and to carry on trade with the populations of the riverine localities, are and remain confirmed.
The two Governments will proceed to the establishment of an understanding concerning the mode of application of the said stipulations.
Art. XIX-The stipulations of the old Treaties between Russia and China, not modified by the present Treaty, remain in full vigour.
Art. XX.-The present Treaty, after having been ratified by the two Emperors, will be promulgated in each Empire, for the knowledge and governance of each one. The exchange of ratifications will take place at St. Petersburg, within a period of six months counting from the day of the signature of the Treaty.
Having concluded the above Article, plenipotentiaries of the two contract- ing parties have signed and sealed two copies of the present Treaty, in the Russian, Chinese, aud French languages. Of the three texts, duly compared an found in agreement, the French text will be evidence for the interpretation of the present Treaty.
.one.
Done at St. Petersburg, the twelfth of February, eighteen hundred and eighty-
NICOLAS DE GIERS. EUGENE BUrzow.
(Signed) [L.S.]
""
[L.S.] [L.S.]
TSENG.
PROTOCOL
In virtue of Article VI. of the Treaty signed to-day by the Plenipotentiaries of the Russian and Chinese Governments, the Chinese Government will pay to the Russian Government the sum of nine millions of metallic roubles, designed to cover the expenses of the occupation of the country of Ili by the Russian troops and to satisfy divers pecuniary claims of Russian subjects. This sum shall be paid within a period of two years counting from the day of the exchange of the ratifica- tions of the Treaty.
Desiring to fix the mode of payment of the aftermentioned sum the undersigned have agreed as follows:-
The Chinese Government will pay the equivalent of the sum of nine millions of metallic roubles in pounds sterling, say, one million four hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred and sixty-four pounds sterling two shillings to Messrs. Baring Brothers & Co. in London, in six equal parts, of two hundred and thirty- eight thousand six hundred and ten pounds sterling thirteen shillings and eight- pence each, less the customary bank charge which may be occasioned by the transfer of these payments to London.
The payments shall be scheduled at four months' distance the one from the other; the first shall be made four months after the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty signed to-day, and the last two years after that exchange.
The present Protocol will have the same force and value as if it had been inserted word for word in the Treaty signed to-day,
In faith of which the Plenipotentiaries of the two Governments have signed the present Protocol and have placed their seals to it.
Done at St. Petersburg, the twelfth of February, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
REGULATIONS FOR THE LAND TRADE BETWEEN
RUSSIA AND CHINA
Art. I.-A trade by free exchange and free of duty (free trade) between Russian and Chinese subjects is authorised within a zone extending for fifty versts (100 li) on either side of the frontier. The supervision of this trade will rest with the two Governments, in accordance with their respective frontier regulations.
Art. II.-Russian subjects proceeding on business to Mongolia and to the districts situated on the northern and southern slopes of the Tian-shan mountains- may only cross the frontier at certain points specified in the list annexed to those regulations. They must procure from the Russian authorities permits in the Russian and Chinese languages, with Mongoliau and Tartar translation. The name of the owner of the goods, or that of the leader of the caravan, a specification of the goods, the number of packages, and the number of heads of cattle may be indicated in the Mongolian or Tartar languages, in the Chinese text of these permits. Merchants, on entering Chinese territory, are bound to produce their permits at the Chinese post nearest to the frontier, where, after examination, the permit is to be counter- signed by the chief of the post. The Chinese authorities are entitled to arrest merchants who have crossed the frontier without permit, and to deliver them over to the Russian authorities nearest to the frontier, or to the competent Russian Consul, for the infliction of a severe penalty. In case of the permit being lost, the owner is bound to give notice to the Russian Consul, in order that a fresh one may be issued to him, and inform the local authorities, in order to obtain a temporary certificate which will enable him to pursue his journey. Merchandise introduced into Mongolia and the districts situated on the slopes of the Tian-shan, but which have found no sale there, may be forwarded to the towns of Tientsin and Sou- tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan), to be sold or to be sent farther into China. With regard to the duties on such merchandise, to the issue of permits for its carriage, and to other Customs formalities, proceedings shall be taken in accordance with the following. provisions.
Art. III.-Russian merchants forwarding goods from Kiachta and the Nertchinsk country to Tientsin must send them by way of Kalgan, Dounba, and Toun-tcheou.. Merchandise forwarded to Tientsin from the Russian frontier by Kobdo and Kouihoua-tchen is to follow the same route. Merchants must be provided with transport permits issued by the Russian authorities, and duly vised by the competent. Chinese authorities, which must give, in the Chinese and Russian languages, the name of the owner of the goods, the number of packages, and a description of the goods they contain. The officials of the Chinese Custom-houses situated on the road by which merchandise is forwarded will proceed, without delay, to verify the number of the packages, and to examine the goods, which they will allow to pass onwards, after fixing a visa to the permit. Packages opened in the course of the Customs examinations will be closed again at the Custom-house, the number of packages- opened being noted on the permit. The Customs examination is not to last more than two hours. The permits are to be presented within a term of six months at the Tientsin Custom-house to be cancelled. If the owner of the goods finds this term insufficient, he must at the proper time and place give notice to the Chinese authorities. In case of the permit being lost the merchant must give notice to the authorities who delivered it to him to obtain a duplicate and must for that purpose
TRADE REGULATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
117
make known the number and date of the missing permit. The nearest Custon- house on his road, after having ascertained the accuracy of the merchant's declara- tions, will give him a provisional certificate, accompanied by which his goods may proceed on their journey. An inaccurate declaration of the quantity of the goods, if it be proved that it was intended to conceal sales effected on the road, or to escape payment of duty, will render the merchant liable to the infliction of the penalties laid down by Art. VIII. of the present regulations.
Art. IV. Russian merchants who may wish to sell at Kalgan any portion of the goods brought from Russia must make a declaration to that effect to the local authorities within the space of five days. Those autho i'ies, after the merchant has paid the whole of the entrance duties, will furnish him with a permit for the sale of the goods.
Art. V.-Goods brought by Russian merchants by land from Russia to Tientsin will
pay an entrance duty equivalent to two-thirds of the rate established by the tariff. Goods brought from Russia to Sou-tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) will jay in that town the same duties and be subject to the same regulations as at Tientsin.
Art. VI.-If the goods left at Kalgan, having paid the entrance duties, are not sold there, their owner may send them on to Toun-tcheou, or to Tientsin, and the Customs authorities, without levying fresh duties, will repay to the merchant one-third of the entrance duty paid at Kalgan, a note to that effect being made on the permit issued by the Kalgan Custom-house. Russian merchants, after paying transit dues, i.e., one-half of the duty specified in the tariff, may forward to the internal markets- goods left at Kalgan which have paid the entrance dues, subject only to the general regulations established for foreign trade in China. A transport permit, which is to be produced at all the Custom-houses and barriers on the road, will be deliverel for these goods. Goods not accompanied by such permit will have to pay duty at the Custom-houses they pass, and lekin at the barriers.
Art. VII.-Goods brought from Russia to Sou-tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) may be forwarded to the internal markets under the conditions stipulated by Art. IX. of these Regulations for goods forwarded from Tientsin destined for the internal market.
Art. VIII. If it be ascertained, when the Customs examination of goods brought from Russia to Tientsin takes place, that the goods specified in the permit have been withdrawn from the packages and replaced by others, or that their quantity (after deducting what has been left at Kalgan) is smaller than that indicated in the permit, the whole of the goods included in the examination will be confiscated by the Customs- authorities. It is understood that packages damaged on the road, and which, con- sequently, have been repacked, shall not be liable to confiscation, provided always that such damage has been duly declared at the nearest Custom-house, and that a note to such effect has been made by the office after it has ascertained the untouche condition of the goods as at first sent off. Goods concerning which it is ascertained that a portion has been sold on the road will be liable to confiscation. If goods have been taken by by-ways in order to evade their examination at the Custom- houses established on the routes indicated in Art. III., the owner will be liable to a fine equal in amount to the whole entrance duty. If a breach of the aforesaid regulations has been committed by the carriers, without the knowledge or connivance of the owner of the goods, the Customs authorities will take this circumstance into consideration in determining the amount of the fine. This provision only applies to localities through which the Russian land trade passes, and is not applicable to similar cases arising at the ports and in the interior of the provinces. When goods are confiscated the merchant is entitled to release them by paying the equivalent of their value, duly arrived at by an understanding with the Chinese authorities.
Art. IX. On the exportation by sea from Tientsin to some other Chinese port opened to foreign trade by Treaty of goods brought from Russia by land, the Tientsin Customs will levy on such goods one-third of the tariff duty, in addition to the two-thirds already paid. No duty shall be levied on these goods in other ports. Goods sent from Tientsin or the other ports to the internal markets are subject to-
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TRADE REGULATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
transit dues (i.e., half of the tariff duty) according to the general provisions laid down for foreign trade.
Art. X.-Chinese goods sent from Tientsin to Russia by Russian merchants must be forwarded to Kalgan by the route indicated under Art. III. The entire export duty will be levied on these goods when they leave the country. Nevertheless, re-imported goods bought at Tientsin, as well as those bought in another port and forwarded in transitu to Tientsin to be exported to Russia, if accompanied by a Customs receipt for the export duty, shall not pay a second time, and the half re-importation duty (coasting duty) paid at Tientsin will be repaid to the merchant if the goods upon which it has been paid are exported to Russia a year from the time of such payment. For the transport of goods in Russia the Russian Consul will issue a permit indicating in the Russian and Chinese languages the name of the owner of the goods, the number of packages, and the nature of the goods they contain. These permits will be vised by the Port Customs authorities, and must accompany the goods for production when they are examined at the Custom-houses on the road. The rules given in detail in Article III. will be observed as to the term within which the permit is to be presented to the Custom-house to be cancelled, and as to the proceedings in case of the permit being lost. Goods will follow the route indicated by Article III., and are not to be sold on the road; a breach of this rule will render the merchant liable to the penalties provided for under Article VIII. Goods will be examined at the Custom-houses on the road in accordance with the rules laid down under Article III. Chinese goods bought by Russian merchants at Sou-tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan), or brought by them from the internal markets to be forwarded to Russia, on leaving Sou-tcheou for Russia, will have to pay the duty leviable upon goods exported from Tientsin, and will be subject to the regulations established for that port.
Art. XI.-Goods bought at Toun-tcheou, on leaving that place for Russia by land, will have to pay the full export duty laid down by the tariff. Goods bought at Kalgan will pay in that town, on leaving for Russia, a duty equivalent to half the tariff rate. Goods bought by Russian merchants in the internal markets, and brought to Toun-tcheou and Kalgan to be forwarded to Russia, will, moreover, be subject to transit dues, according to the general rules established for foreign trade in the internal markets. The local Custom-houses of the aforesaid towns after levying the duties will give the merchant a transport permit for the goods. For goods leaving Toun-tcheou this permit will be issued by the Dounba Customs authorities, to whom application is to be made for it, accompanied by payment of the duties to which the goods are liable. The permit will mention the prohibition to sell goods on the road. The rules given in detail in Article III. relative to permits, the examination of goods, etc., will apply in like manner to goods exported from the places mentioned in this Article.
Art. XII.-Goods of foreign origin sent to Russia by land from Tientsin, Tour- tcheou, Kalgan, and Sou-tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) will pay no duty if the merchant produces a Customs receipt acknowledging payment of the import and transit duties on those goods. If they have only paid entrance duties the competent Custom-house will call upon the merchant for the payment of the transit dues fixed by the tariff.
Art. XIII.-Goods imported into China by Russian merchants, or exported by them, will pay Custom duties according to the general tariff for foreign trade with China, and according to the additional tariff drawn up for Russian trade in 1862.
Goods not enumerated in either of those tariffs will be subject to a 5 per cent. ad valorem duty.
Art. XIV. The following articles will be admitted free of export and import duty-Gold and silver ingots, foreign coins, flour of all kinds, sago, biscuits, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confectionery, foreign clothes, jewellery and silver plate, perfumery and soaps of all kinds, charcoal, firewood, handles of foreign manufacture, foreign tobacco and cigars, wine, beer, spirits, household stores and utensils to be used in houses and on board ship, travellers' luggage, official stationery, tapestries, cutlery, foreign medicines, glassware, and
AGREEMENT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
119
ornaments. The aforementioned articles will pass free of duty on entering and on leaving by land; but if they are sent from the towns and ports mentioned in these regulations to the internal markets they will pay a transit duty of 23 per cent. ad valorem. Travellers' luggage, gold and silver ingots, and foreign coins will, however, not pay this duty.
Art. XV. The exportation and importation of the following articles is prohibited under penalty of confiscation in case of smuggling: -Gunpowder, artillery ammuni- tion, cannon, muskets, rifles, pistols, and all firearms, engines, and munitions of war, salt, and opium. Russian subjects going to China may, for their personal defence, have one musket or one pistol each, of which mention will be made in the permit they are provided with. The importation by Russian subjects of saltpetre, sulphur, and lead is allowed only under special licence from the Chinese authorities, and those articles may only be sold to Chinese subjects who hold a special purchase- permit. The exportation of rice and of Chinese copper coin is forbidden. On the other hand, the importation of rice and of all cereals may take place duty free.
Art. XVI.--The transport of goods belonging to Chinese merchants is forbidden to Russian merchants attempting to pass them off as their own property.
Art. XVII. The Chinese authorities are entitled to take the necessary measures against smuggling.
Done at St. Petersburg, the 12th-24th February, 1881.
(Signed)
PROTOCOL
[L.S.]
NICOLAS DE GIERS.
[L.S.]
EUGENE BUTzow.
[L.S.]
TSENG.
The undersigned Nicolas de Giers, Secretary of State, actual Privy Councillor directing the Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Tseng, Marquess of Neyong, Vice-President of the High Court of Justice, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China to His Majesty the Emperor of Russia, have met at the hotel of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to proceed to the exchange of the acts of ratification of the Treaty between Russia and China, signed at St. Petersburg, the 12/24 February, 1881.
After perusal of the respective instruments, which have been acknowledged textu ally conformable to the original act, the exchange of the act ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of Russia the 4/16 August, 1881, against the act ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of China the 3/15 May, 1881, has taken place according to custom.
In faith of which the undersigned have drawn up the present procés-verbal, and have affixed to it the seal of their arms.
oue.
Done at St. Petersburg, the 7th August,one thousand eight hundred and eighty-
(Signed)
[L.S.]
NICOLAS De Giers
"}
[L.S.]
TSENG.
UNITED STATES
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND CHINA
SIGNED, IN THE ENGLISH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES, AT TIENTSIN 18TH JUNE, 1858
Ratifications exchanged at Pehtang, 16th August, 1859
The United States of America and the Ta-Tsing Empire, desiring to maintain. firm, lasting, and sincere friendship, have resolved to renew, in a manner clear and positive, by means of a Treaty or general Convention of Peace, Amity, and Commerce, the rules which shall in future be mutually observed in the intercourse of their respective countries; for which most desirable object the President of the United States and the August Sovereign of the Ta-Tsing Empire have named for their Plenipotentiaries, to wit: the President of the United States of America, William B Reed, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China; and His Majesty the Emperor of China, Kweiliang, a member of the Privy Council and Superintendent of the Board of Punishments, and Hwashana, President of the Board of Civil Office and Major-General of the Bordered Blue Banner Division of the Chinese Bannermen, both of them being Imperial Commissioners and Plenipotenti- aries: And the said Ministers, in virtue of the respective full powers they have received from their Governments, have agreed upon the following Articles :-
Art I.-There shall be, as there has always been, peace and friendship between the United States of America and the Ta-Tsing Empire, and between their people respectively. They shall not insult or oppress each other for any trifling cause, so as to produce an estrangement between them; and if any other nation should act unjustly or oppressively, the United States will exert their good offices, on being informed of the case, to bring about an amicable arrangement of the question, thus showing their friendly feelings.
Art. II-In order to perpetuate friendship, on the exchange of ratifications by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, and by His Majesty the Emperor of China, this Treaty shall be kept and sacredly guarded in this way, viz.: The original Treaty, as ratified by the President of the United States, shall be deposited at Peking, the capital of His Majesty the Emperor of China, in charge of the Privy Council; and, as ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of China, shall be deposited at Washington, the capital of the United States, in charge of the Secretary of State.
Art. III. In order that the people of the two countries may know and obey the provisions of this Treaty, the United States of America agree, immediately on the exchange of ratifications, to proclaim the same and publish it by proclamation in the Gazettes where the laws of the United States of America are published by authority; and His Majesty the Emperor of China, on the exchange of ratifications, agrees immediately to direct the publication of the same at the capital and by the Governors of all the provinces.
Art. IV. In order further to perpetuate friendship, the Minister or Commis- sioner, or the highest diplomatic representative of the United States of America in China, shall at all times have the right to correspond on terms of perfect equality and confi lence with the officers of the Privy Council at the capital, or with the Governor- General of the Two Kwang, of Fohkien and Chekiang, or of the Two Kiang; and whenever he desires to have such correspondence with the Privy Council at the capital he shall have the right to send it through either of the said Governors-General, or by
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
121
general post; and all such communications shall be most carefully respected. The Privy Council and Governors-General, as the case may be, shall in all cases consider and acknowledge such communications promptly and respectfully.
Art. V. The Minister of the United States of America in China, whenever he has. business, shall have the right to visit and sojourn at the capital of His Majesty the Emperor of China and there confer with a member of the Privy Council or any other high officer of equal rank deputed for that purpose, on matters of common interest and advantage. His visits shall not exceed one in each year, and he shall complete his business without unnecessary delay. He shall be allowed to go by land or come to the mouth of the Pei-ho, in which he shall not bring ships-of-war, and he shall inform the authorities of that place in order that boats may be provided for him to go on his journey. He is not to take advantage of this stipulation to request visits to the capital on trivial occasions. Whenever he means to proceed to the capital he shall communicate in writing his intention to the Board of Rites at the capital, and thereupon the said Board shall give the necessary direction to facilitate his journey, and give him necessary protection and respect on his way. On his arrival at the capital he shall be furnished with a suitable residence prepared for him, and he shall defray his own expenses; and his entire suite shall not exceed twenty persons exclusive of his Chinese attendants, none of whom shall be engaged in trade.
Art. VI. If at any time His Majesty the Emperor of China shall, by Treaty voluntarily made, or for any other reason, permit the representative of any friendly nation to reside at his capital for a long or short time, then, without any further consultation or express permission, the representative of the United States in China shall have the same privilege.
Art. VII.-The superior authorities of the United States and of China in corresponding together shall do so on terms of equality and in form of mutual communication (chau-hwui). The Consuls and the local officers, civil and military, in corresponding together shall likewise employ the style and form of mutual communication (chau-hwui). When inferior officers of the one Government address the superior officers of the other they shall do so in the style and form of memorial (shin-chin). Private individuals, in addressing superior officers, shall employ the style of petition (pin-ching). In no case shall any terms or style be used or suffered which shall be offensive or disrespectful to either party. And it is agreed that no present, under any pretext or form whatever, shall ever be demanded of the United States by China, or of China by the United States.
Art. VIII. In all future personal intercourse between the representative of the United States of America and the Governors-General or Governors the interviews shall be had at the official residence of the said officers, or at their temporary resi dence, or at the residence of the representative of the United States of America, whichever may be agreed upon between them; nor shall they make any pretext for declining these interviews. Current matters shall be discussed by correspondence- so as not to give the trouble of a personal meeting.
Art. IX. Whenever national vessels of the United States of America, in cruising along the coast and among the ports opened for trade for the protection of the com- merce of their country, or the advancement of science, shall arrive at or near any of the ports of China, the commanders of said ships and the superior local authorities of government shall, if it be necessary, hold intercourse on terms of equality and courtesy, in token of the friendly relations of their respective nations; and the said vessels shall enjoy all suitable facilities on the part of the Chinese Government in procuring provisions or other supplies, and making necessary repairs. And the United States of America agree that in case of the shipwreck of any American vessel and its being pillaged by pirates, or in case any American vessel shall be pillaged or captured by pirates on the seas adjacent to the coast, without being shipwrecked, the national vessels of the United States shall pursue the said pirates, and if captured deliver them over for trial and punishment.
Art. X:-The United States of America shall have the right to appoint Consuls and other commercial agents for the protection of trade, to reside at such places in the
122
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
dominions of China as shall be agreed to be opened, who shall hold official intercourse and correspondence with the local officers of the Chinese Government (a Consul or a Vice-Consul in charge taking rank with an intendant of circuit or a prefect), either personally or in writing, as occasion may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal respect And the Consuls and local officers shall employ the style of mutual communication. If the officers of either nation are disrespectfully treated, or aggrieved in any way by the other authorities, they have the right to make representation of the same to the superior officers of their respective Governments, who shall see that full inquiry and strict justice shall be had in the premises. And the said Consuls and agents shall carefully avoid all acts of offence to the officers and people of China. On the arrival of a Consul duly accredited at any port in China, it shall be the duty of the Minister of the United States to notify the same to the Governor-General of the province where such port is, who shall forthwith recognize the said Consul and grant him authority to act.
Art. XI.-All citizens of the United States of America in China, peaceably attending to their affairs, being placed on a common footing of amity and good- will with subjects of China, shall receive and enjoy for themselves and everything appertaining to them the protection of the local authorities of Government, who shall defend them from all insult or injury of any sort. If their dwellings or property be threatened or attacked by mobs, incendiaries, or other violent or lawless persons, the local officers, on requisition of the Consul, shall immediately despatch a military force to disperse the rioters, apprehend the guilty individuals, and punish them with the utmost rigour of the law. Subjects of China guilty of any criminal act towards citizens of the United States shall be punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws of China, and citizens of the United States, either on shore or in any merchant vessel, who may insult, trouble, or wound the persons or injure the property of Chinese, or commit any other improper act in China, shall be punished only by the Consul or other public functionary thereto authorized, according to the laws of the United States. rests in order to trial may be made by either the Chinese or United States authorities. Art. XII.--Citizens of the United States, residing or sojourning at any of the ports open to foreign commerce, shall be permitted to rent houses and places of business or hire sites on which they can themselves build houses or hospitals, churches, and cemeteries, The parties interested can fix the rents by mutual and equitable agreement; the proprietors shall not demand an exorbitant price, nor shall the local authorities interfere, unless there be some objections offered on the part of the inhabitants respecting the place. The legal fees to the officers for applying their seal shall be paid. The citizens of the United States shall not unreasonably insist on particular spots, but each party shall conduct themselves with justice and moderation. Any desecration of the cemeteries by natives of China shall be severely punished according to law. At the places where the ships of the United States anchor, or their citizens reside, the merchants, seamen, or others can freely pass and re-pass in the immediate neighbourhood; but in order to the preservation of the public peace, they shall not go into the country to the villages and marts to sell their goods unlawfully, in fraud of the revenue.
Art. XIII. If any vessel of the United States be wrecked or stranded on the coast of China and be subjected to plunder or other damage, the proper officers of the Government, on receiving information of the fact, shall immediately adopt measures for its relief and security; the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and be enabled to repair at once to the nearest port, and shall enjoy all facilities for obtaining supplies of provisions and water. If the merchant vessels of the United States, while within the waters over which the Chinese Government exercises jurisdiction, be plundered by robbers or pirates, then the Chinese local authorities civil and military, on receiving information thereof, shall arrest the said robbers or pirates, and punish them according to law, and shall cause all the property which can be recovere1 to be restored to the owners, or place in the hands of the Consul. If by reason of the extent of territory and numerous population of China it shall in any case happen that the robbers cannot be apprehen led, and the property only in pat
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
123.
recovered, the Chinese Government shall not make indemnity for the goods lost; but if it shall be proved that the local authorities have been in collusion with the robbers, the same shall be communicated to the superior authorities for memorializing the Throne, and these officers shall be severely punished and their property be confiscated to repay the losses.
Art. XIV. The citizens of the United States are permitted to frequent the ports- and cities of Canton and Chan-chau, or Swatow, in the province of Kwangtung; Amoy, Foochow, and Tai-wan in Formosa, in the province of Fuhkien; Ningpo in the province of Chekiang; and Shanghai in the province of Kiangsu, and any other port or place hereafter by Treaty with other powers or with the United States opened to commerce; and to reside with their families and trade there, and to proceed at pleasure with their vessels and merchandise from any of these ports to any other of them. But said vessels shall not carry on a clandestine or fraudulent trade at other ports of China, not declared to be legal, or along the coasts thereof; and any vessel under the American flag violating this provision shall, with her cargo, be subject to confiscation to the Chinese Govern- ment; and any citizen of the United States who shall trade in any contraband article of merchandise shall be subject to be dealt with by the Chinese Government, without being entitled to any countenance or protection from that of the United States; and the United States will take measures to prevent their flag from being abused by the subjects of other nations as a cover for the violation of the laws of the Empire.
Art. XV.-At each of the ports open to commerce, citizens of the United States shall be permitted to import from abroad, and sell, purchase, and export all merchan- dise of which the importation or exportation is not prohibited by the laws of the Empire. The tariff of duties to be paid by the citizens of the United States, on the export and import of goods from and into China, shall be the same as was agreed upon at the Treaty of Wanghia, except so far as it may be modified by Treaties with other nations, it being expressly agreed that citizens of the United States shall never pay higher duties than those paid by the most favoured nation.
Art. XVI.-Tonnage duties shall be paid on every merchant vessel belonging to the United States entering either of the open ports at the rate of four mace per ton of forty cubic feet, if she be over one hundred and fifty tons burden; and one mace per ton of forty cubic feet if she be of the burden of one hundred and fifty tons or under, according to the tonnage specified in the register; which, with her other papers, shall, on her arrival, be lodged with the Consul, who shall report the same to the Commis- sioner of Customs. And if any vessel, having paid tonnage duty at one port, shall go to any other port to complete the disposal of her cargo, or being in ballast, to purchase an entire or fill up an incomplete cargo, the Consul shall report the same to the Commissioner of Customs, who shall note on the port-clearance that the tonnage duties have been paid, and report the circumstance to the collectors at the other Custom-houses; in which case the said vessel shall only pay duty on her cargo, and not be charged with tonnage duty a second time. The collectors of Customs at the open ports shall consult with the Consuls about the erection of beacons or light. houses, and where buoys and lightships should be placed.
Art. XVII.--Citizens of the United States shall be allowed to engage pilots to take their vessels into port, and, when the lawful duties have all been paid, take them out of port. It shall be lawful for them to hire at pleasure servauts, compradores, linguist, writers, labourers, seamen, and persons for whatever necessary service, with passage or cargo-boats, for a reasonable compensation, to be agreed upon by the parties or determined by the Consul.
Art. XVIII.---Whenever merchant vessels of the United States shall enter a port, the Collector of Customs shall, if he see fit, appoint Custom-house officers to guard said vessels, who may live on board the ship or their own boats, at their convenience. The local authorities of the Chinese Government shall cause to be apprehended all mutineers or deserters from on board the vessels of the United States in China on being informed by the Consul, and will deliver them up to the Consuls or other officers for punishment. And if criminals, subjects of China, take refuge in the houss, or on board the vessels of citizens of the United States, they shall not be harboured, but
124
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
shall be delivered up to justice on due requisition by the Chinese local officers, addresse 1 to those of the United States. The merchants, seamen, and other citizens of the United States shall be under the superintendence of the appropriate officers of their Government. If individuals of either nation commit acts of violence or disorder, use arms to the injury of others, or create disturbances endangering life, the officers of the two Governments will exert themselves to enforce order and to maintain the
public peace, by doing impartial justice in the premises.
Art. XIX. Whenever a merchant vessel belonging to the United States shall cast anchor in either of the said ports, the supercargo, master, or consignee, shall, within forty-eight hours, deposit the ship's papers in the hands of the Consul or person charged with his functions, who shall cause to be communicated to the Super- intendent of Customs a true report of the name and tonnage of such vessel, the number of her crew, and the nature of her cargo, which being done, he shall give a permit for her discharge. And the master, supercargo, or consignee, if he proceed to discharge the cargo without such permit, shall incur a fine of five hundred Dollars, and the goods so discharged without permit shall be subject to forfeiture to the Chinese Government. But if a master of any vessel in port desire to discharge a part only of the cargo, it shall be lawful for him to do so, paying duty on such part only, and to proceed with the remainder to any other ports. Or if the master so desire, he may, within forty- eight hours after the arrival of the vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking bulk; in which case he shall not be subject to pay tonnage or other duties or charges, until, on his arrival at another port, he shall proceed to discharge cargo when he shall pay the duties on vessel and cargo, according to law.
And the tonnage duties shall be held due after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours. In case of the absence of the Consul or person charged with his functions, the captain or supercargo of the vessel may have recourse to the Consul of a friendly Power; or, if he please, directly to the Superintendent of Customs, who shall do all that is required to conduct the ship's business.
Art. XX.-TheSuperintendent of Customs, in order to the collection of the proper duties, shall, on application made to him through the Consul, appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed, in the presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee to make a just and fair examination of all goods in the act of being discharged for importation, or laden for exportation, on board any merchant vessel of the United States. And if disputes occur in regard to the value of goods subject to ad valorem duty, or in regard to the amount of tare, and the same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties, the question may, within twenty-four hours, and not after- wards, be referred to the said Consul to adjust with the Superintendent of Customs.
Art. XXI.-Citizens of the United States who may have imported merchandise into any of the free ports of China, and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to re-export the same in part or in whole to any other of the said ports, shall be entitled to make application, through their Consul, to the Superintendent of Customs, who, in order to prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made, by suitable officers, to see that the duties paid on such goods as are entered on the Custom- house books correspond with the representation made, and that the goods remain with their original marks unchanged, and shall then make a memorandum in the port-clearance of the goods and the amount of duties paid on the same, and deliver the same to the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of Customs at the other ports; all which being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, and everything being found, on examination there, to correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk, and land the said goods without being subject to the payment of any additional duty thereon. But if, on such examination, the Superintendent of Customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government. Foreign grain or rice brought into any port of China in a ship of the United States, and not landed, may be re-exported without hindrance.
Art. XXII. The tonnage duty on vessels of the United States shall be paid on their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall be paid on the discharge of the
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
125
goods, and duties of export on the lading of the same. When all such duties shall have been paid, and not before, the Collector of Customs shall give a port-clearance, and the Consul shall return the ship's papers. The duties shall be paid to the shroffs authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the same. Duties shall be paid and received either in sycee silver or in foreign money, at the rate of the day. If the Consul permits a ship to leave the port before the duties and tonnage dues are paid he shall be held responsible therefor.
Art. XXIII.--When goods on board any merchant vessel of the United States in port require to be transhipped to another vessel application shall be made to the Consul, who shall certify what is the occasion therefor to the Superintendent of Customs, who may appoint officers to examine into the facts and permit the transhipment. And if any goods be transhipped without written permits, they shall be subject to be forfeited to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXIV.--Where there are debts due by subjects of China to citizens of the United States, the latter may seek redress in law; and, ou suitable representation being made to the local authorities through the Consul, they will cause due examination in the premises, and take proper steps to compel satisfaction. And if citizens of the United States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress by representation through the Consul, or by suit in the Consular Court; but neither Government will hold itself responsible for such debts.
Art. XXV.-It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the Unitel States to employ scholars and people of any part of China, without distinction of persons, to teach any of the languages of the Empire, and assist in literary labours, and the persons so employed shall not for that cause be subject to any injury on the part either of the Government or individuals; and it shall in like manner be lawful for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in China.
Art. XXVI.-Relations of peace and amity between the United States and China being established by this Treaty, and the vessels of the United States being admitted to tra le freely to and from the ports of China open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed that, in case at any time hereafter China should be at war with any foreign nation whatever, and should for that cause exclude such nation from entering her ports, still the vessels of the United States shall none the less continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and security, and to transport goods to and from the ports of the belligerent Powers, full respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of the United States, provided that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the transportation of officers or soldiers in the enemy's service, nor shall said flag be fraudulently used to enable the enemy's ships, with their cargoes, to enter the ports of China; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture and confisca- tion to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXVII.-All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in China, shall be subject to the jurisdiction and be regulated by the authorities of their own government; and all controversies occurring in China between citizens of the United States and the subjects of any other government shall be regulated by the Treaties existing between the United States and such governments respectively, without interference on the part of China.
Art. XXVIII.-If citizens of the United States have special occasion to address any communication to the Chinese local officers of Government, they shall submit the same to their Consul or other officer, to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and the matter just and right, in which event he shall transmit the same to the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the premises. If subjects of China have occasion to address the Consul of the United States they may address him directly, at the same time they inform their own officers, representing the case for his consideration and action in the premises; and if controversies arise between citizens of the United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided conformably to justice and equity by the public officers of the two nations, acting in conjunction. The extortion
126 ADDITIONAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
of illegal fees is expressly prohibited. Any peaceable persons are allowed to enter the Court in order to interpret, lest injustice be done.
Art. XXIX-The principles of the Christian Religion, as professed by the Protestant and Roman Catholic Churches, are recognised as teaching men to do good, and to do to others as they would have others to do to them. Hereafter those who quietly profess and teach these doctrines shall not be harassed or persecuted on account of their faith. Any person, whether citizen of the United States or Chinese convert, who, according to those tenets, peaceably teaches and practises the principles of Christianity, shall in no case be interfered with or molested.
Art. XXX. The contracting parties hereby agree that should at any time the Ta-Tsing Empire grant to any nation, or the merchants or citizens of any nation, any right, privilege, or favour, connected either with navigation, commerce, political or other intercourse, which is not conferred by this Treaty, such right, privilege, and favour shall at once freely enure to the benefit of the United States, its public officers, merchants, and citizens.
The present Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce shall be ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, within one year, or sooner, if possible, and by the August Sovereign of the Ta-Tsing Empire forthwith; and the ratifications shall be exchanged within one year from the date of the signature thereof.
In faith whereof we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the Ta-Tsing Empire, as aforesaid, have signed and sealed these presents.
Done at Tientsin, this eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight and the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-second, and in the eighth year of Hien Fung, fifth moon, and eighth day.
[L.S.] [L.S.]
[L.S.]
WILLIAM B. REED.
KWEILIANG.
HWASHANA.
[Appended to the foregoing Treaty are Tariff and Rules identical with those annexed to the British Treaty of Tientsin.]
ADDITIONAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED
STATES AND CHINA
SIGNED, IN THE ENGLISH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES, AT WASHINGTON, 28TH JULY, 1868
Ratifications Exchanged at Peking, 23rd November, 1869
Whereas, siuce the conclusion of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Ta-Tsing Empire (China) of the 18th June, 1858, circumstances have arisen showing the necessity of additional Articles thereto: the President of the United States and the August Sovereign of the Ta-Tsing Empire have named for their Plenipotentiaries: to wit, the President of the United States of America, William R. Seward, Secretary of State; and His Majesty the Emperor of China, Anson Burlingame, accredited as his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- tentiary, and Chih-kang and Sun-chia-ku, of the second Chinese rank, associated high Envoys and Ministers of his said Majesty; and the said Plenipotentiaries, after having exchanged their full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon the following Articles:
Art. I. His Majesty the Emperor of China, being of the opinion that in making cone ssions to the citizens or subjects of foreign Powers, of the privilege of residing
ADDITIONAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
127
on certain tracts of land, or resorting to certain waters of that Empire, for purposes of tra le, he has by no means relinquished his right of eminent domain or dominion over the said lands and waters, hereby agrees that no such concession or grant, shall be construed to give to any Power or party which may be at war with or hostile to the United States, the right to attack the citizens of the United States, or their property, within the said lands or waters: And the United States for themselves hereby agree to abstain from offensively attacking the citizens or subjects of any Power or party, or their property, with which they may be at war, on any such tract of land or water of the said Empire. But nothing in this Article shall be construed to prevent the United States from resisting an attack by any hostile Power or party upon their citizens or their property.
It is further agreed that if any right or interest in any tract of land in China, has been, or shall hereafter be, granted by the Government of China to the United States or their citizens for purposes of trade or commerce, that grant shall in no event be construed to divest the Chinese Authorities of their right of jurisdiction over persoas and property within said tract of land except so far as the right may have been expressly relinquished by Treaty.
Art. II. The United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor of China, believing that the safety and prosperity of commerce will thereby best be promotel, agree that any privilege or immunity in respect to trade or navigation within the Chinese dominions which may not have been stipulated for by Treaty, shall be subject to the discretion of the Chinese Government, and may be regulated by it accordingly, but not in a manner or spirit incompatible with the Treaty stipulations of the parties. Art. III. The Emperor of China shall have the right to appoint Consuls at ports of the United States, who shall enjoy the same privileges and immunities as those which are enjoyed by public law and Treaty in the United States by the Consuls of Great Britain and Russia, or either of them.
Art. IV. The 29th Article of the Treaty of the 18th June, 1858, having stipulated for the exemption of the Christian citizens of the United States and Chinese converts from persecution in China on account of their faith, it is further agreed that citizens of the United States in China of every religious persuasion, and Chinese subjects in the United States, shall enjoy entire liberty of conscience, and shall be exempt from all disability or persecution on account of their religious faith or worship in either country. Cemeteries for sepulture of the dead, of whatever nativity or nationality, shall be held in respect and free from disturbance or profanation.
Art. V. The United States of America and the Emperor of China cordially recognize the inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of the free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects respectively from the one country to the other for the purposes of curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents. The high contracting parties, therefore, joia in reprobating any other than an entirely voluntary emigration for these purposes. They consequently agree to pass laws, making it a penal offence for a citizen of the United States, or a Chinese subject, to take Chinese subjects either to the United States or to any other foreign country; or for a Chinese subject or citizen of the United States to take citizens of the United States t› China, or to any other foreign country, without their free and voluntary consent respectively.
Art. VI.-Citizens of the United States visiting or residing in China shall enjoy the same privileges, immunities, or exemptions in respect to travel or residence as may there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation. And, reciprocally, Chinese subjects visiting or residing in the United States shall enjoy the same privileges, immunities, and exemptions in respect to travel or residence as may there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation. But nothing herein contained shall be held to confer naturalization upon citizens of the United States in China, nor upon the subjects of China in the United States.
Art. VII.-Citizens of the United States shall enjoy all the privileges of the public education l institutions under the control of the Government of China; and, reciprocally, Chinese subjects shall enjoy all the privileges of the public educational
128 IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE U. S. & CHINA institutions under the control of the Government of the United States, which are enjoyed in the respective countries by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation. The citizens of the United States may freely establish and maintain schools within the Empire of China at those places where foreigners are by Treaty permitted to reside; and, reciprocally, Chinese subjects may enjoy the same privileges and immunities in the United States.
Art. VIII.-The United States, always disclaiming and discouraging all prac tices of unnecessary dictation and intervention by one nation in the affairs or domestic administration of another, do hereby freely disclaim and disavow any intention or right to intervene in the domestic administration of China in regard to the construc- tion of railroads, telegraphs, or other material internal improvements. On the other hand, His Majesty the Emperor of China reserves to himself the right to decide the time and manner and circumstances of introducing such improvements within his dominions. With this mutual understanding it is agreed by the contracting parties that, if at any time hereafter his Imperial Majesty shall determine to construct, or cause to be constructed, works of the character mentioned within the Empire, and shall make application to the United States or any other Western Power for facilities to carry out that policy, the United States will in that case designate or authorize- suitable engineers to be employed by the Chinese Government, and will recommend to other nations an equal compliance with such applications; the Chinese Government in that case protecting such engineers in their persons and property, and paying. them a reasonable compensation for their services.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty and thereto affixed the seals of their arms.
Done at Washington, the twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord one: thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
[L.S.] (Signed) WILLIAM H. SEWARD. [L.S.] (Signed) [L.S.]
ANSON BURLINGAME.
CHIH KANG.
[L.S.]
SUN CHIAKU,
""
IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
SIGNED AT PEKING, IN THE ENGLISH AND CHINESE LAnguages, ON THE 17TH NOVEMBER, 1880
THE IMMIGRATION TREATY
Whereas, in the eighth year of Hien Fung, Anno Domini 1858, a Treaty of Peace- and Friendship was concluded between the United States of America and China, and to which were added in the seventh year of Tung Chi, Anno Domini 1868, certain supplementary Articles to the advantage of both parties, which supplementary Articles were to be perpetually observed and obeyed; and
Whereas the Government of the United States, because of the constantly in-- creasing immigration of Chinese labourers to the territory of the United States, and the embarrassments consequent upon such immigration, now desires to negotiate a modification of the existing Treaties which will not be in direct contravention of their spirit; now, therefore, the President of the United States of America appoints James B. Angell, of Michigan; John F. Swift, of California; and William H. Trescott, of South Carolina, as his Commissioners Plenipotentiary; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China has appointed Pao Chun, a member of His Imperial Majesty's: Privy Council and Superintendent of the Board of Civil Office, and Li Hung Tsao, a member of His Imperial Majesty's Privy Council, as his Commissioners Plenipo- tentiary; and the said Commissioners Plenipotentiary, having conjointly examined
IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE U. S. & CHINA 129
their full powers, and, having discussed the points of possible modifications in existing Treaties, have agreed upon the following Articles in modification:-
Art. I. Whenever, in the opinion of the Government of the United States, the coming of Chinese labourers to the United States, or their residence therein, affects, or threatens to affect, the interests of that country, or to endanger the good order of any locality within the territory thereof, the Government of China agrees that the Government of the United States may regulate, limit, or suspend such coming or residence, but may not absolutely prohibit it. The limitation or suspension shall be reasonable, and shall apply only to Chinese who may go to the United States as labourers, other classes not being included in the limitation. Legislation in regard to Chinese labourers will be of such a character only as is necessary to euforce the regulation, limitation, or suspension, of immigration, and immigrants shall not be subject to personal maltreatment or abuse.
Art. II.-Chinese subjects, whether proceeding to the United States as traders or students, merchants, or from curiosity, together with their body and household servants, and Chinese labourers who are now in the United States shall be allowed to go and come of their own free will and accord and shall be accorded all the rights, privileges, immunities, and exemptions which are accorded to the citizens and subjects. of the most favoured nations.
Art. III. If Chinese labourers, or Chinese of any other class, now either permanently or temporarily residing in the territory of the United States, meet with ill-treament at the hands of any other persons, the Government of the United States will exert all its power to devise measures for their protection, and secure to them the same rights, privileges, immunities and exemptions as may be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation, and to which they are entitled by Treaty.
Art. IV. The high contracting Powers, having agreed upon the foregoing Articles, whenever the Government of the United States shall adopt legislative measures in accordance therewith, such measures will be communicated to the Government of China, and if the measures, as effected, are found to work hardship upon the subjects of China, the Chinese Minister at Washington may bring the matter to the notice of the Secretary of State of the United States, who will consider the subject with him, and the Chinese Foreign Office may also bring the matter to the notice of the U.S. Minister at Peking and consider the subject with him, to the end that mutual and unqualified benefit may result. In faith whereof, the Plenipo- tentiaries have signed and sealed the foregoing at Peking, in English and Chinese, there being three originals of each text of even tenor and date, the ratifications of which shall be exchanged at Peking within one year from the date of its execution.
Done at Peking, this 17th day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty, Kuang Hsu sixth year, tenth moon, fifteenth day. Signed and sealed by the above-named Commissioners of both Governments.
THE COMMERCIAL TREATY
The President of the United States of America and His Imperial Majesty the- Emperor of China, because of certain points of incompleteness in the existing Treaties between the two Governments, have named as their Commissioners Plenipotentiary:: The President of the United States of America, James B. Angell, of Michigan; John F. Swift, of California; and William H. Trescott, of South Carolina, as his Com-- missioners Plenipotentiary; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China has appointed Pao Chun, a member of His Imperial Majesty's Privy Council and Super- intendent of the Board of Civil Office; and Li Hung Tsao, a member of His Imperial Majesty's Privy Council, as his Commissioners Plenipotentiary; and the said Com- missioners Plenipotentiary, having conjointly examined their full powers, and having: discussed the points of possible modification in existing Treaties, have agreed upon. the following Additional Articles:-
Art. I. The Governments of the United States and China, recognizing the benefits of their past commercial relations, and in order to still further promote such
5
130 IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE U, S. & CHINA
relation between the citizens and subjects of the two Powers, mutually agree to give the most careful and favourable attention to the representations of either as such special extension of commercial intercourse as either may desire.
Art. II. The Governments of China and of the United States mutually agree and undertake that Chinese subjects shall not be permitted to import opium in any of the ports of the United States, and citizens of the United States shall not be permitted to import opium into any of the open ports of China, or transport from one open port to any other open port, or to buy and sell opium in any of the open ports in China. This absolute prohibition, which extends to vessels owned by the citizens or subjects of either Power, to foreign vessels employed by them, or to vessels owned by the citizens or subjects of either Power and employed by other persons for the transportation of opium, shall be enforced by appropriate legislation on the part of China and the United States, and the benefits of the favoured nation clauses in existing Treaties shall not be claimed by the citizens or subjects of either Power as against the provisions of this Article.
Art. III.-His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China hereby promises and agrees that no other kind or higher rate of tonnage dues or duties for imports or ex- ports or coastwise trade shall be imposed or levied in the open ports of Chin upon vessels wholly belonging to citizens of the United States, or upon the produce, manu- factures, or merchandise imported in the same from the United States, or from any foreign country, or upon the produce, manufactures, or merchandise exported in the same to the United States, or any foreign country, or transported in the same from one open port of China to another, than are imposed or levied on vessels or cargoes of any other nation, or on those of Chinese subjects. The United States hereby pro- mises and agrees that no other kind or higher rate of tonnage duties anl dues for imports shall be imposed or levied in the ports of the United States upon vessels wholly belonging to the subjects of his Imperial Majesty, coming either directly or by way of any foreign port from any of the ports of China which are open to foreign trade to the ports of the United States, or returning therefrom either directly or by way of any foreign port to any of the open ports of China, or upon the produce, manufactures, or merchandise imported in the same from China, or from any foreign country, than are imposed or levied on vessels of any other nations which make no discrimination against the United States in tonnage dues or duties on imports, exports, or coastwise trade, than are imposed or levied on vessels and cargoes of citizens of the United States.
――
Art. IV. When controversies arise in the Chinese Empire between citizens of the United States and subjects of His Imperial Majesty, which need to be examined and decided by the public officer of the two nations, it is agreed between the Governments of the United States and China that such cases shall be tried by the proper official of the nationality of the defendant. The properly authorized official of the plaintiff's nationality shall be freely permitted to attend the trial, and shall be treated with the courtesy due to his position. He shall be granted all proper facilities for watching the proceedings in the interest of justice, and if he so desire he shall have the right to be present and to examine and to cross-examine witnesses. If he is dissatisfied with the proceedings, he shall be permitted to protest against them in debate. The law administered will be the law of the nationality of the officer trying the case.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed the foregoing, at Peking, in English and Chinese, there being three originals of each text, of even tenor and date, the ratifications of which shall be exchanged at Peking within one year from the date of its execution.
Done at Peking, this seventeenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty, Kuang Hsu sixth year, tenth moon, fifteenth day
(Signed)
"
"
JAMES B. Angell.
JOHN F. SWIFT.
WILLIAM H. TRESCOTT.
(Signed)
""
PAO CHUN.
LI HUNG-TSAO.
IMMIGRATION PROHIBITION TREATY BETWEEN THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND CHINA, 1894
Ratifications Exchanged at Washington, 7th December, 1894
Whereas, on the 17th of November, a.d. 1880, and of Kwang Isu, the sixth year, the tenth month, and the 15th day, a Treaty was concluded between the United States and China for the purpose of regulating, limiting, or suspending the coming of Chinese labourers to and their residence in the United States, and, whereas the Government of China, in view of the antagonism and much deprecated and serious. disorders to which the presence of Chinese labourers has given rise in certain parts of the United States, desires to prohibit the emigration of such labourers from China to the United States; and, whereas the two Governments desire to co-operate in prohibiting such emigration and to strengthen in many other ways the bonds of relationship between the two countries; and, whereas the two Governments are desirous of adopting reciprocal measures for the better protection of the citizens or subjects. of each within the jurisdiction of the other; now, therefore, the President of the United States has appointed Walter Q. Gresham, Secretary of State, as his Plenipotentiary, and his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China has appointed Yang Yui, Officer of the Second Rank, Sub-director of the Court of Sacrificial Worship and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, and the said Plenipotentiaries having exhibited their respective full powers, found to be in due form and good faith, have agreed upon the following Articles:-
Art. I.The high contracting parties agree that for a period of ten years beginning with the date of the ratifications of this Convention, the coming, except under the conditions hereinafter specified, of Chinese labourers to the United States shall be absolutely prohibited.
Art. II. The preceding Article shall not apply to the return to the United States of any registered Chinese labourer who has a lawful wife, child, or parent in the United States or property therein of the value of $1,000, or debts of like amount due to him and pending settlement. Nevertheless, every such Chinese labourer shall, before leaving the United States, deposit, as a condition of his return, with the Collector of Customs of the district from which he departs, a full description in writing of his family or property or debts as aforesaid, and shall be furnished by the said Collector with such certificate of his right to return under this Treaty as the laws of the United States may now or hereafter prescribe, and not inconsistent with the provisions of the Treaty; and should the written description aforesaid be proved to be false, the rights of return thereunder, or of continued residence after return, shall in each case be forfeited. And such right of return to the United States shall be exercised within one year from the date of leaving the United States; but such right of return to the United States may be extended for an additional period, not to exceed one year, in cases where by reason of sickness or other cause of disability beyond his control such Chinese labourer shall be rendered unable sooner to return, which facts shall be fully reported to the Chinese Consul at the port of departure, and by him certified to the satisfaction of the Collector of the port at which such Chinese subject shall land in the United States. And no such Chinese labourer shall be permitted to enter the United States by land or sea without producing to the proper officer of the Customs the return certificate herein required.
*5
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IMMIGRATION PROHIBITION TREATY BETWEEN THE U. S, & CHINA
Art. III. The provisions of the Convention shall not affect the right at present enjoyed by Chinese subjects, being officials, teachers, students, merchants, or travellers for curiosity or pleasure, but not labourers, of coming to the United States and residing therein. To entitle such Chinese subjects as are above described to admission into the United States they may produce a certificate either from their Government or from the Government of the country where they last resided, viséł by the diplomatic or consular representative of the United States in the country or port whence they depart. It is also agreed that Chinese labourers shall continue to enjoy the privilege of transit across the territory of the United States in the course of their journey to or from other countries, subject to such regulations by the Government of the United States as may be necessary to prevent the said privilege of transit from being abused.
Art. IV.-In pursuance of Article III. of the Immigration Treaty between the United States and China, signed at Peking on the 17th day of November, 183), it is hereby understood and agreed, that Chinese labourers or Chinese of any other class, either permanently or temporarily residing in the United States, shall have for the protection of their persons and property all rights that are given by the laws of the United States to citizens of the more favoured nations, excepting the right to become naturalized citizens. And the Government of the United States reaffirms its obligations, as stated in the said Article III., to exert all its power to secure the protection to person and property of all Chinese subjects in the United States.
Art. V. The Government of the United States having, by an Act of Congress, approved May 5th, 1892, as amended and approved November 3rd, 1893, require l all Chinese labourers lawfully within the United States, before the passage of the first-named Act, to be registered, as in the said Acts provided, with a view of affording them better protection, the Chinese Government will not object to the enforcement of the said Acts, and reciprocally the Government of the Unitel States recognises the right of the Government of China to enact and enforce similar laws and regulations, for the registration, free of charge of all labourers, skilled or unskilled (not merchants, as defined by the said Acts of Congress), citizens of the United States in China whether residing within or without the Treaty Ports. And the Government of the Unitel States agrees that within twelve months from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of this Convention, and annually thereafter, it will furnish to the Government of China registers or reports showing the ful name, age, occupation, and number or place of residence of all other citizens of the United States, including missionaries residing both within and without the Treaty Ports of China, not including, however, diplomatic and other officers of the United States residing or travelling in China upon official business, together with their body and household servants.
Art. VI. This Convention shall remain in force for a period of ten years, beginning with the date of the exchange of ratifications, and if six months before the expiration of the said period of ten years neither Government shall have formally given notice of its final termination to the other, it shall remain in full force for another like period of ten years.
In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed this Convention and have hereunto affixed our seals.
Done, in duplicate, at Washington, the 17th day of March, A.D. 1894.
WALTER Q. Gresham,
YANG YUI,
Secretary of State.
Chinese Minister to the United States.
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED
STATES AND CHINA
SIGNED AT SHANGHAI, 8TH OCTOBER, 1903
[Translation]
The United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being animated by an earnest desire to extend further the commercial relations between them and otherwise to promote the interests of the peoples of the two countries, in view of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article XI. of the Final Protocol signed at Peking on the 7th day of September, A.D. 1901, whereby the Chinese Gov- ernment agreed to negotiate the amendments deemed necessary by the foreign Governments to the Treaties of Commerce and Navigation and other subjects concern- ing commercial relations, with the object of facilitating them, have for that purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries:-
The United States of America, Edwin H. Conger, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to China; John Goodnow, Consul-General of the United States of America at Shanghai, John F. Seaman, a Citizen of the United States of America resident at Shanghai;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Lu Pai-huan, President of the Board of Public Works: Sheng Hsuan-huai, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, formerly Senior Vice President of the Board of Public Works; Wu Ting Fang, Senior Vice-President of the Board of Commerce;
Who, having met and duly exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in proper form, have agreed upon the following amendments to existing Treaties of Commerce and Navigation previously concluded between the two countries, and upon the subjects hereinafter expressed connected with commercial relations, with the object of facilitating them.
Art. I.-In accordance with international custom, and as the diplomatic representative of China has the right to reside in the Capital of the United States, and to enjoy there the same prerogatives, privileges and immunities as are enjoyed by the similar representative of the most favoured nation, the diplomatic representa- tive of the United States shall have the right to reside at the capital of His Majesty the Emperor of China. He shall be given audience of His Majesty the Emperor whenever necessary to present his letters of credence or any communication from the President of the United States. At all such times he shall be received in a place and in a manner befitting his high position, and on all such occasions the ceremonial observed toward him shall be that observed toward the representatives of nations on a footing of equality, with no loss of prestige on either side.
The diplomatic representatives of the United States shall enjoy all the preroga. tives, privileges and immunities accorded by international usage to such representatives, and shall in all respects be entitled to the treatment extended to similar representatives of the most favoured nation.
The English text of all notes or despatches from United States officials to Chinese officials, and the Chinese text of all notes or despatches from Chinese officials to United States officials shall be authoritative.
Art. II. As China may appoint consular officers to reside in the United States and to enjoy there the same attributes, privileges and immunities as are enjoyed by consular officers of other nations, the United States may appoint, as its interests may
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COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
require, consular officers to reside at the places in the Empire of China that are now or that may hereafter be opened to foreign residence and trade. They shall hold direct official intercourse and correspondence with the local officers of the Chinese Government within their consular districts, either personally or in writing as the case may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal respect. These officers shall be treated with proper respect by all Chinese authorities, and they shall enjoy all the attributes, privileges and immunities, and exercise all the jurisdiction over their nationals which are or may hereafter be extended to similar officers of the nation the most favoured in these respects. If the officers of either Government are disrespect- fully treated or aggrieved in any way by the authorities of the other, they shall have the right to make representation of the same to the superior officers of their own Government, who shall see that full inquiry and strict justice be had in the premises. And the said consular officers of either nation shall carefully avoid all acts of offence to the officers and people of the other nation.
On the arrival of a Consul properly accredited at any place in China opened to foreign trade, it shall be the duty of the Minister of the United States to inform the Board of Foreign Affairs, which shall, in accordance with international usage, forth- with cause the due recognition of the said Consul and grant him authority to act.
Art. III. Citizens of the United States may frequent, reside, and carry on trade, industries and manufactures, or pursue any lawful avocation, in all the ports or localities of China which are now open or may hereafter be opened to foreign trade and residence; and, within the suitable localities at those places which have been or may be set apart for the use and occupation of foreigners, they may rent or purchase houses, places of business and other buildings, and rent or lease in perpetuity land and build thereon. They shall generally enjoy as to their persons and property all such rights, privileges and immunities as are or may hereafter be granted to the subjects or citizens of the nation the most favoured in these respects.
Art. IV.-The Chinese Government, recognising that the existing system of levying dues on goods in transit, and especially the system of taxation known as lekin, impedes the free circulation of commodities to the general injury of trade, hereby undertakes to abandon the levy of lekin and all other transit dues throughout the empire and to abolish the offices, stations and barriers maintained for their collection and not to establish other offices for levying dues on goods in transit. It is clearly understood that, after the offices, stations and barriers for taxing goods in transit have been abolished, no attempt shall be made to re-establish them in any form or under any pretext whatsoever.
The Government of the United States, in return, consents to allow a surtax, in excess of the tariff rates for the time being in force, to be imposed on foreign goods imported by citizens of the United States and on Chinese produce destined for export abroad or coast wise. It is clearly understood that in no case shall the surtax on foreign imports exceed one and one-half times the import duty leviable in terms of the final Protocol signed by China and the Powers on the seventh day of September, A.D. 1901; that the payment of the import duty and surtax shall secure for foreign imports, whether in the hands of Chinese or foreigners, in original packages or other- wise, complete immunity from all other taxation, examination or delay; that the total amount of taxation, inclusive of the tariff export duty leviable on native produce for export abroad shall, under no circumstances, exceed seven and one-half per cent. ad valorem.
Nothing in this Article is intended to interfere with the inherent right, of China to levy such other taxes as are not in conflict with its provisions.
Keeping these fundamental principles in view, the high contracting parties have agreed upon the following method of procedure:
The Chinese Government undertakes that all offices, stations and barriers of whatsoever kind for collecting lekin, duties, or such like dues on goods in transit, shall be permanently abolished on all roads, railways and waterways in the nineteen Provinces of China and the three Eastern Provinces. This provision does not apply to the native Customs offices at present in existence on the seaboard, at open ports
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
135
where there are offices of the Imperial Maritime Customs, and on the land frontiers of China embracing the nineteen Provinces and the three Eastern Provinces.
Wherever there are offices of the Imperial Maritime Customs, or wherever such may be hereafter placed, native Customs offices may also be established, as well as at any point either on the seaboard or land frontiers.
The Government of the United States agrees that foreign goods on importa- tion, in addition to the effective five per cent. import duty as provided for in the Protocol of 1901, shall pay a special surtax cf one and one-half times the amount of the said duty to compensate for the abolition of lekin, of other transit dues besides lekin, and of all other taxation on foreign goods and in consideration of the other reforms provided for in this Article.
The Chinese Government may re-cast the foreign export tariff with specific duties as far as practicable, on a scale not exceeding five per cent. ad valorem; but existing export duties shall not be raised until at least six months' notice has been given. In cases where existing export duties are above five per cent., they shall be reduced to not more than that rate. An additional special surtax of one-half the export duty payable for the time being, in lieu of internal taxation of all kinds, may be levied at the place of original shipment, or at the time of export on goods exported either to foreign countries or coastwise.
Foreign goods which bear a similarity to native goods shall be furnished by the Customs officers, if required by the owner, with a protective certificate for each pack- age, on the payment of import duty and surtax, to prevent the risk of any dispute in the interior.
Native goods brought by junks to open ports, if intended for local consumption, irrespective of the nationality of the owner of the goods, shall be reported at the native Customs offices only, to be dealt with according to the fiscal regulations of the Chinese Government.
Machine-made cotton yarn and cloth manufactured in China, whether by foreigners at the open ports or by Chinese anywhere in China, shall as regards taxation be on a footing of perfect equality. Such goods upon payment of the taxes thereon shall be granted a rebate of the import duty and of two-thirds of the import surtax paid on the cotton used in their manufacture, if it has been imported from abroad, and of all duties paid thereon if it be Chinese grown cotton. They shall also be free of export duty, coast-trade duty and export surtax. The same principle and pro- cedure shall be applied to all other products of foreign type turned out by machinery in China.
A member or members of the Imperial Maritime Customs foreign staff shall be selected by the Governors-General and Governors of each of the various provinces of the Empire for their respective provinces, and appointed in consultation with the Inspector-General of Imperial Maritime Customs, for duty in connection with native Customs affairs to have a general supervision of their working.
Cases where illegal action is complained of by citizens of the United States shall be promptly investigated by an officer of the Chinese Government of sufficiently high rank, in conjunction with an officer of the United States Government, and an officer of the Imperial Maritime Customs, each of sufficient standing; and, in the event of it being found by the investigating officers that the complaint is well founded and loss has been incurred, due compensation shall be paid through the Imperial Mari- time Customs. The high provincial officials shall be held responsible that the officer guilty of the illegal action shall be severely punished and removed from his post. the complaint is shown to be frivolous or malicious, the complainant shall be held responsible for the expenses of the investigation.
If
When the ratifications of this Treaty shall have been exchanged by the high contracting parties hereto, and the provisions of this Article shall have been accepted by the Powers having Treaties with China, then a date shall be agreed upon when the provisions of this Article shall take effect, and an Imperial Edict shall be published in due form on yellow paper and circulated throughout the Empire of China setting forth the abolition of all lekin taxation, duties on goods in transit,
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COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
offices, stations and barriers for collecting the same, and of all descriptions of internal taxation on foreign goods, and the imposition of the surtax on the import of foreign goods and on the export of native goods, and the other fiscal changes and reforms provided for in this Article, all of which shall take effect from the said date. The Edict shall state that the provincial high officials are responsible that any official disregarding the letter or the spirit of its injunction shall be severely punished and removed from his post.
Art. V.-The tariff duties to be paid by citizens of the United States on goods imported into China shall be as set forth in the schedule annexed hereto and made part of this Treaty, subject only to such amendment and changes as are authorised by Article IV. of the present Convention, or as may hereafter be agreed upon by the present high contracting parties. It is expressly agreed, however, that citizens of the United States shall at no time pay other or higher duties than those paid by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation.
Conversely, Chinese subjects shall not pay higher duties on their imports into the United States than those paid by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation.
Art. VI.-The Government of China agrees to the establishment by citizens of the United States of warehouses approved by the proper Chinese authorities as bonded warehouses at the several open ports of China, for storage, re-packing, or preparation for shipment of lawful goods, subject to such needful regulations for the protection of the revenue of China, including a reasonable scale of fees according to com- modities, distance from the Custom-house, and hours of working, as shall be made from time to time by the proper officers of the Government of China.
Art. VII. The Chinese Government, recognising that it is advantageous for the country to develop its mineral resources, and that it is desirable to attract foreign as well as Chinese capital to embark in mining enterprises, agrees, within one year from the signing of this Treaty, to initiate and conclude the revision of the existing mining regulations. To this end China will, with all expedition and earnestness, go into the whole question of mining rules; and, selecting from the rules of the United States and other countries, regulations which seem applicable to the condition of China, will recast its present mining rules in such a way as, while promoting the interests of Chinese subjects and not injuring in any way the sovereign rights of China, will offer no impediment to the attraction of foreign capital nor place foreign capitalists at a greater disadvantage than they would be under generally accepted foreign regulations; and will permit citizens of the United States to carry on in Chinese territory mining operations and other necessary business relating thereto, provided they comply with the new regulations and conditions which may be imposed by China on its subjects and foreigners alike, relating to the opening of mines, the renting of mineral land, and the payment of royalty, and provided they apply for permits, the provisions of which in regard to necessary business relating to such operations shall be observed. The residence of citizens of the United States in connection with such mining operations shall be subject to such regulations as shall be agreed upon between the United States and China.
Any mining concession granted after the publication of such new rules shall be subject to their provisions.
Art. VIII. Drawback certificates for the return of duties shall be issued by the Imperial Maritime Customs to citizens of the United States within three weeks of the presentation to the Customs of the papers entitling the applicant to receive such drawback certificates, and they shall be receivable at their face value in payment of duties of all kinds (tonnage du s excepted) at the port of issue; or shall, in the case of drawbacks on foreign goods re-exported within three years from the date of importation, be redeemable by the Imperial Maritime Customs in full in ready money at the port of issue, at the option of the holders thereof. But if, in connection with any application for a drawback certificate, the Customs authorities discover an attempt to defraud the revenue, the applicant shall be dealt with and punished in. accordance with the stipulations provided in the Treaty of Tientsin, Article XXI., in the cas. of detected frauds on the revenue. In case the goods have been removed
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
137
from Chinese territory, then the Consul shall inflict on the guilty party a fine to be paid to the Chinese Government.
Art. IX. Whereas the United States undertakes to protect the citizens of any country in the exclusive use within the United States of any lawful trade-marks, provided that such country agrees by Treaty or Convention to give like protection to citizens of the United States:
Therefore the Government of China, in order to secure such protection in the United States for its subjects, now agrees to fully protect any citizen, firm or corpora- tion of the United States in the exclusive use in the Empire of China of any lawful trade-mark to the exclusive use of which they are entitled in the United States, or which they have adopted and used, or intend to adopt and use as soon as registered, for exclusive use within the Empire of China. To this end the Chinese Government agrees to issue by its proper authorites proclamations having the force of law, for- bidding all subjects of China from infringing on, imitating, colourably imitating, or knowingly passing off an imitation of trade-marks belonging to citizens of the United States, which shall have been registered by the proper authorities of the United States at such offices as the Chinese Government will establish for such purpose, on payment of a reasonable fee, after due investigation by the Chinese authorities, and in com- pliance with reasonable regulations.
Art. X.-The United States Government allows subjects of China to patent their inventions in the United States and protects them in the use and ownership of such patents. The Government of China now agrees that it will establish a Patent Office. After this office has been established and special laws with regard to inventions have been adopted it will thereupon, after the payment of the legal fees, issue certificates of protection, valid for a fixed term of years, to citizens of the United States on all their patents issued by the United States, in respect of articles the sale of which is lawful in China, which do not infringe on previous inventions of Chinese subjects, in the same manner as patents are to be issued to subjects of China.
Art. XI. Whereas the Government of the United States engages to give the benefits of its copyright laws to the citizens of any foreign State which gives to the citizens of the United States the benefits of copyrights on an equal basis with its own citizens :--
Therefore the Government of China, in order to secure such benefits in the United States for its subjects, now agrees to give full protection, in the same way and manner and subject to the same conditions upon which it agrees to protect trade- marks, to all citizens of the United States who are authors, designers or proprietors of any book, map, print or engraving especially prepared for the use and education of the Chinese people, or translation into Chinese of any book, in the exclusive right to print and sell such book, map, print, engraving or translation in the Empire of China during ten years from the date of registration. With the exception of the books, maps, etc., specified above, which may not be reprinted in the same form, no work shall be entitled to copyright privileges under this Article. It is understood that Chinese subjects shall be at liberty to make, print and sell original translations into Chinese of any works written or of maps compiled by a citizen of the United States. This Article shall not be held to protect against due process of law any citizen of the United States or Chinese subject who may be author, proprietor or seller of any publication calculated to injure the well-being of China.
Art. XII.-The Chinese Government having in 1898 opened the navigable inland waters of the Empire to commerce by all steam vessels, native or foreign, that may be specially registered for the purpose, for the conveyance of passengers and lawful merchandise, citizens, firms and corporations of the United States may engage in such commerce on equal terms with those granted to subjects of any foreign Power. In case either party hereto considers it advantageous at any time that the rules and regulations then in existence for such commerce be altered or amended, the Chinese Government agrees to consider amicably, and to adopt such modifications thereof as are found necessary for trade and for the benefit of China
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COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
The Chinese Government agrees that, upon the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, Mukden and Antung, both in the province of Sheng-king, will be opened by China itself as places of international residence and trade. The selection of fitting localities to be set apart for international use and occupation, and the regula- tions for these places set apart for foreign residence and trade shall be agreed upon by the Governments of the United States and China after consultation together.
Art. XIII.-China agrees to take the necessary steps to provide for a uniform national coinage which shall be legal tender in payment of all duties, taxes and other obligations throughout the Empire of China by the citizens of the United States as well as Chinese subjects. It is understood, however, that all Customs duties shall continue to be calculated and paid on the basis of the Haikuan Tael.
Art. XIV. The principles of the Christian religion, as professed by the Pro- testant and Roman Catholic Churches, are recognised as teaching men to do good and to do to others as they would have others do to them. Those who quietly pro- fess and teach these doctrines shall not be harassed or persecuted on account of their faith. Any person, whether citizen of the United States or Chinese convert, who, according to these tenets, peaceably teaches and practises the principles of Chris- tianity shall in no case be interfered with or molested therefor. No restrictions shall be placed on Chinese joining Christian Churches. Converts and non-converts, being Chinese subjects, shall alike conform to the laws of China; and shall pay due respect to those in authority, living together in peace and amity; and the fact of being con- verts shall not protect them from the consequences of any offence they may have com- mitted before or may commit after their admission into the Church, or exempt them from paying legal taxes levied on Chinese subjects generally, except taxes levied and contributions for the support of religious customs and practices contrary to their religion. Missionaries shall not interfere with the exercise by the native authorities of their jurisdiction over Chinese subjects; nor shall the native authorities make any distinction between converts and non-converts, but shall administer the laws without partiality so that both classes can live together in peace.
Missionary societies of the United States shall be permitted to rent and to lease in perpetuity, as the property of such societies, buildings or lands in all parts of the Empire for missionary purposes and, after the title deeds have been found in order and duly stamped by the local authorities, to erect such suitable buildings as may be required for carrying on their good work.
Art. XV.-The Government of China having expressed a strong desire to reform its judicial system and to bring it into accord with that of Western nations, the United States agrees to give every assistance to this reform, and will also be prepared to relinquish extraterritorial rights when satisfied that the state of the Chinese laws, the arrangements for their administration, and other considerations warrant it in so doing.
Art. XVI.-The Government of the United States consents to the prohibition by the Government of China of the importation into China of morphia and of instru- ments for its injection, excepting morphia and instruments for its injection imported for medical purposes, on payment of tariff duty, and under regulations to be framed by China which shall effectually restrict the use of such import to the said purposes. This prohibition shall be uniformly applied to such importation from all countries. The Chinese Government engages to adopt at once measures to prevent the manu- facture in China of morphia and of instruments for its injection.
Art. XVII. It is agreed between the high contracting parties hereto that ali the provisions of the several Treaties between the United States and China which were in force on the first day of January, A.D. 1900, are continued in full force and effect except in so far as they are modified by the present Treaty or other Treaties to which the United States is a party.
The present Treaty shall remain in force for a period of ten years beginning with the date of the exchange of ratifications and until a revision is effected as hereinafter provided.
It is further agreed that either of the high contracting parties may demand that the Tariff and the Articles of this Convention be revised at the end of ten years
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
139
from the date of the exchange of the ratifications hereof. If no revision is demanded before the end of the first term of ten years, then these articles in their present form shall remain in full force for a further term of ten years reckoned from the end of the first term and so on for successive periods of ten years.
The English and Chinese texts of the present Treaty and its three Annexes have been carefully compared; but, in the event of there being any difference of meaning between them, the sense as expressed in the English text shall be held to be the correct one.
This Treaty and its three Annexes shall be ratified by the two high contracting parties in conformity with their respective constitutions, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in Washington not later than twelve months from the present date.
In testimony whereof, we, the undersigned, by virtue of our respective powers, have signed this Treaty in duplicate in the English and Chinese languages, and have affixed our respective seals.
Done at Shanghai, this eighth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and three, and in the twenty-ninth year of Kuang Hsü eighth month and eighteenth day.
ANNEX I.
As citizens of the United States are already forbidden by Treaty to deal in or handle opium, no mention has been made in this Treaty of opium taxation.
As the trade in salt is a Government monopoly in China, no mention has been made in this Treaty of salt taxation.
It is, however, understood, after full discussion and consideration, that the col- lection of inland duties on opium and salt and the means for the protection of the revenue therefrom and for preventing illicit traffic therein are left to be administered by the Chinese Government in such manner as shall in no wise interfere with the provision of Article IV. of this Treaty regarding the unobstructed transit of other goods.
ANNEX II.
Article IV. of the Treaty of Commerce between the United States and China of this date provides for the retention of the native Customs offices at the open ports. For the purpose of safeguarding the revenue of China at such places, it is understood that the Chinese Government shall be entitled to establish and maintain such branch native Customs offices at each open port within a reasonable distance of the main native Customs offices at the port, as shall be deemed by the authorities of the Imperial Maritime Customs at that port necessary to collect the revenue from the trade into and out of such port. Such branches, as well as the principal native Customs offices at each open port, shall be administered by the Imperial Maritime Customs as pro- vided by the Protocol of 1901.
ANNEX III.
The schedule of tariff duties on imported goods annexed to this Treaty under Article V. is hereby mutually declared to be the schedule agreed upon between the representatives of China and of the United States and signed by John Goodnow for the United States and Their Excellencies Lü Hai-huan and Sheng Hsüan-huai for China at Shanghai on the sixth day of September, A.D. 1902, according to the Proto- col of the seventh day of September, A.D. 1901.
PORTUGAL
PROTOCOL, TREATY, CONVENTION AND AGREEMENT BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA
Art. I.- A Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with the most favoured nation clause will be concluded and signed at Peking.
Art. II.-China confirms perpetual occupation and government of Macao and its dependencies by Portugal, as any other Portuguese possession.
Art. III.-Portugal engages never to alienate Macao and its dependencies without agreement with China.
Art. IV. Portugal engages to co-operate in opium revenue work at Macao in the same way as England in Hongkong.
Done at Lisbon, the 26th March, 1887.
THE TREATY
HENRIQUE DE BARROS GOMES.
JAMES DUNCAN CAMPBELL.
Ratifications Exchanged at Peking 28th April, 1888
His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algarves, and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, desiring to draw closer and to consolidate the ties of friendship which have subsisted for more than three hundred years between Portugal and China, and having agreed in Lisbon on the 26th day of March, 1887, 2nd day of 3rd moon of the 13th year of the reign of the Emperor Kwang Hsu, through their representatives, on a Protocol of four Articles, have now resolved to conclude a Treaty of Amity and Commerce to regulate the relations between the two States; for this end they have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:-
His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal, Thomas de Souza Roza, his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Peking, Knight of the Order of Nossa Senhora de Conceicao de Villa Vicosa, Grand Cross of the Order of the Rising Sun of Japan and of the Crown of Siam, Commander of the Order of Charles II. and of Isabella the Catholic of Spain, and Knight of the Iron Crown of Austria ;
His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, His Highness Prince Ching, Pre- sident of the Tsung-li Yamên, and Sun, Minister of the Tsung-li Yamên and Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles :-
Art. I.-There shall continue to exist constant peace and amity between His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, whose respective subjects shall equally enjoy in the dominions of the high contracting parties the most complete and decided protection for their persons and property.
Art. II.-China confirms in its entirety the second Article of the Protocol of Lisbon, relating to the perpetual occupation and government of Macao by Portugal.
It is stipulated that Commissioners appointed by both Governments shall proceed to the delimitation of the boundaries, which shall be determined by a special Con- vention; but so long as the delimitation of the boundaries is not concluded, every- thing in respect to them shall continue as at present, without addition, diminution, or alteration by either of the parties.
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Art. III.-Portugal confirms the third Article of the Protocol of Lisbon, relating to the engagement never to alienate Macao without previous agreement with China.
Art. IV. Portugal agrees to co-operate with China in the collection of duties on opium exported from Macao into China ports, in the same way and as long as England Co-operates with China in the collection of duties on opium exported from Hongkong. The basis of this co-operation will be established by a Convention appended to this Treaty, which shall be as valid and binding to both the high contracting parties as the present Treaty.
Art. V. His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal may appoint an Ambassador, Minister, or other diplomatic agent to the Court of His Im- perial Majesty the Emperor of China, and this agent, as well as the persons of his suite and their families, will be permitted, at the option of the Portuguese Govern- ment, to reside permanently in Peking, to visit that Court, or to reside at any other place where such residence is equally accorded to the diplomatic representative of other nations. The Chinese Government may also, if it thinks fit, appoint an Ambassador, Minister, or other diplomatic agent to reside at Lisbon, or to visit that Court when his Government shall order.
Art. VI. The diplomatic agents of Portugal and China shall reciprocally enjoy in the place of their residence all the prerogatives and immunities accorded by the laws of rations; their persons, families, and houses, as well as their correspondence shall be inviolate.
Art. VII. The official correspondence addressed by the Portuguese authorities to the Chinese authorities shall be written in the Portuguese language accompanied by a translation in Chinese, and each nation shall regard as authoritative the document written in its own language.
Art. VIII. The form of correspondence between the Portuguese and the Chi- nese authorities will be regulated by their respective rank and position, based upon complete reciprocity. Between the high Portuguese and Chinese functionaries at the capital or elsewhere, such correspondence will take the form of dispatch (Chau-hoei); between the subordinate functionaries of Portugal and the chief authorities of the provinces, the former shall make use of the form of exposition (Xen-chen) and the Îatter that of declaration (Cha-hsing); and the subordinate officers of both nations shall correspond together on terms of perfect equality. Merchants and generally all others who are not invested with an official character shall adopt, in addressing the authorities, the form of representation or petition (Pin-ching).
Art. IX. His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal may appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Consular Agents in the ports or other places where it is allowed to other nations to have thein. These functionaries
will have powers and attributes similar to those of the Consuls of other nations, and will enjoy all the exemptions, privileges, and immunities which at any time the consular functionaries of the most favoured nation may enjoy.
The Consuls and the local authorities will show to each other reciprocal civilities and correspond with each other on terms of perfect equality.
The
The Consuls and acting Consuls will rank with Taotais, Vice-Consuls, acting Vice-Consuls, Consular Agents and interpreters-translators, with Prefects. Consuls must be officials of the Portuguese Government, and not merchants. The Chinese Government will make no objection in case the Portuguese Government should deem it unnecessary to appoint an official Consul at any port and choose to entrust a Consul of some other nation, for the time being, with the duties of Portu- guese Consul at that port.
Art. X.-All the immunities and privileges, as well as all the advantages con- cerning commerce and navigation, such as any reduction in the duties of navigation, importation, exportation, transit or any other, which may have been or may be here- after granted by China to any other State or to its subjects, will be immediately extended to Portugal and its subjects. If any concession is granted by the Chinese Govern- ment to any foreign Government under special conditions, Portugal, on claiming the
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TREATY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA
same concession for herself and for her own subjects, will equally assent to the condi- tions attached to it.
Art XI.-Portuguese subjects are allowed to reside at, or frequent, the ports of China opened to foreign commerce and there carry on trade or employ themselves freely. Their boats may navigate without hindrance between the ports open to foreign commerce, and they may import and export their merchandise, enjoying all the rights and privileges enjoyed by the subjects of the most favoured nation.
Art. XII.-Portuguese subjects shall pay import and export duties on all mer- chandise according to the rates specified in the tariff of 1858, adopted for all the other nations; and in no instance shall higher duties be exacted from them than those paid by the subjects of any other foreign nation.
Art. XIII.-Portuguese subjects are permitted to hire any description of boats they may require for the conveyance of cargo or passengers, and the price of said hire will be fixed by the contracting parties alone, without interference by the Chinese Government. No limit shall be put to the number of boats, neither will it be per- mitted to any one to establish a monopoly of such boats or of the service of coolies emploved in the carriage of merchandise.
Should contraband articles be on board any such boats, the guilty parties shall immediately be punished according to law.
Art. XIV.-Portuguese subjects residing in the open ports may take into their service Chinese subjects, and employ them in any lawful capacity in China, without restraint or hindrance from the Chinese Government; but shall not engage them for foreign countries in contravention of the laws of China.
Art. XV.-The Chinese authorities are bound to grant the fullest protection to the persons and to the property of Portuguese subjects in China, whenever they may be exposed to insult or wrong. In case of robbery or incendiarism, the local autho- rities will immediately take the necessary measures to recover the stolen property, to terminate the disorder, to seize the guilty, and punish them according to the law. Similar protection will be given by Portuguese authorities to Chinese subjects in the Possessions of Portugal.
Art. XVI. Whenever a Portuguese subject intends to build or open houses, shops or warehouses, churches, hospitals, or cemeteries, at the Treaty ports or at other places, the purchase, rent, or lease of these properties shall be made out accord- ing to the current terms of the place, with equity, without exaction on either side, without offending against the usages of the people, and after due notice given by the proprietors to the local authority. It is understood, however, that the shops or ware- houses above mentioned shall only be allowed at the ports open to trade, an not in any place in the interior.
Art. XVII.-Portuguese subjects conveying merchandise between open ports shall be required to take certificates from the Superintendent of Customs such as are specified in the regulations in force with reference to other nationalities.
But Portuguese subjects, who, without carrying merchandise, would like to go to the interior of China, must have passports issued by their Consuls and counter- signed by the local authorities. The bearer of the passport must produce the same when demanded, and the passport not being irregular, he will be allowed to proceed and no opposition shall be offered, especially to his hiring persons or vessels for the carriage of his baggage or merchandise.
If he be without a passport, or if he commits any offence against the law, he shall be handed over to the nearest Consul of Portugal to be punished, but he must not be subjected to an oppressive measure. No passport need be applied for by persons going on excursions from the ports open to trade to a distauce not exceeding 100 li and for a period not exceeding five days.
The provisions of this Article do not apply to crews of ships, for the due restraint of whom regulations will be drawn up by the Consul and the local authorities.
Art. XVIII. In the event of a Portuguese merchant vessel being plundered by pirates or thieves within Chinese waters, the Chinese authorities are to employ
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143
their utmost exertions to seize and punish the said robbers and to recover the stolen goods, which, through the Consul, shall be restored to whom they belong.
Art. XIX. If a Portuguese vessel be shipwrecked on the coast of China, or be compelled to take refuge in any of the ports of the Empire, the Chinese authorities, on receiving notice of the fact, shall provide the necessary protection, affording prompt assistance and kind treatment to the crews and, if necessary, furnishing them with the means to reach the nearest Consulate.
The
Art. XX. Portuguese merchant vessels of more than one hundred and fifty tons burden will pay tonnage dues at the rate of four mace per ton; if of one hundred and fifty tons and under they shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton. Superintendent of Customs shall grant a certificate declaring that the tonnage dues have been paid.
Art. XXI.-Import duties shall be paid on the landing of goods; and export duties upon the shipment of the same.
Art. XXII. The captain of a Portuguese ship may, when he deems convenient, land only a part of his cargo at one of the open ports, paying the duties due on the portion lauded, the duties on the remainder not being payable until they are landed at some other port.
Art. XXIII. The master of a Portuguese ship has the option, within forty- eight hours of his arrival at any of the open ports of China, but not later, to decide whether he will leave port without opening the hatches, and in such case he will not have to pay tonnage dues. He is bound, however, to give notice of his arrival for the legal registering as soon as he comes into port, under penalty of being fined in case of non-compliance within the term of two days.
The ship will be subject to tonnage dues forty-eight hours after her arrival in port, but neither then nor at her departure shall any other impost whatsoever be exacted.
Art. XXIV.-All small vessels employed by Portuguese subjects in carrying passengers, baggage, letters, provisions or any other cargo which is free of duty, between the open ports of China, shall be free from tonnage dues; but all such vessels carrying merchandise subject to duty shall pay tonnage dues every four months at the rate of one mace per ton.
Art. XXV.-Portuguese merchant vessels approaching any of the open ports will be at liberty to take a pilot to reach the harbour; and likewise to take a pilot to leave it, in case the said ship shall have paid all the duties due by her.
Art. XXVI. Whenever a Portuguese merchant ship shall arrive at any of the open ports of China, the Superintendent of Customs will send off one or more Custom-house officers, who may stay on board of their boat or on board of the ship as best suits their convenience. These officers will get their food and all necessaies from the Custom-house, and will not be allowed to accept any fee from the captain of the ship or from the consignee, being liable to a penalty proportionate to the amount received by them.
Art. XXVII. Twenty-four hours after the arrival of a Portuguese merchant ship at any of the open ports, the papers of the ship, manifest, and other documents, shall be handed over to the Consul, whose duty it will be also to report to the Superintendent of Customs within twenty-four hours, the name, the registered tonnage, and the cargo brought by the said vessel. If, through negligence or for any other motive, this stipulation be not complied with within forty-eight hours after the arrival of the ship, the captain shall be subject to a fine of fifty Taels for each day's delay over and above that period, but the total amount of the fine shall not exceed two hundred Taels.
The captain of the ship is responsible for the correctness of the manifest, in which the cargo shall be minutely and truthfully described, subject to a fine of five hundred Taels as penalty in case the manifest should be found incorrect. This fine, however, will not be incurred if, within twenty-four hours after the delivery of the manifest to the Custom-house officers, the captain expressed the wish to rectify any error which may have been discovered in the said manifest.
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Art. XXVIII. The Superintendent of Customs will permit the discharging of the ship as soon as he shall have received from the Consul the report drawn up in due form. If the captain of the ship should take upon himself to commence discharging without permission, he shall be fined five hundred Taels and the goods so discharged shall be confiscated.
Art. XXIX.-Portuguese merchants having goods to ship or to land will have to obtain a special permission from the Superintendent of Customs to that effect, without which all goods shipped or landed shall be liable to confiscation.
Art. XXX.-No transhipment of goods is allowed from ship to ship without special permission, under penalty of confiscation of all the goods so transhipped.
Art. XXXI.-When a ship shall have paid all her duties, the Superintendent of Customs will grant her a certificate and the Consul will return the papers, in order that she may proceed on her voyage. ›
Art. XXXII.-When any doubt may arise as to the value of goods which by the Tariff are liable to an ad valorem duty, and the Portuguese merchants disagree with the Custom-house officers as regards the value of said goods, both parties will call two or three merchants to examine them, and the highest offer made by any of the said merchants to buy the goods will be considered as their just value.
Art. XXXIII.-Duties will be paid on the net weight of every kind of merchandise. Should there be any difference of opinion between the Portuguese merchant and the Custom-house officer as to the mode by which the tare is to be fixed, each party will choose a certain number of boxes or bales from among every hundred packages of the goods in question, taking the gross weight of said packages, then the tare of each of the packages separately, and the average tare resulting therefrom will be adopted for the whole parcel.
In case of any doubt or dispute not mentioned herein, the Portuguese merchant may appeal to the Consul, who will refer the case to the Superintendent of Customs; this officer will act in such a manner as to settle the question amicably. The appeal, however, will only be entertained if made within the term of twenty-four hours; and in such a case no entry is to be made in the Custom-house books in relation to the said goods until the question shall have been settled.
Art. XXXIV.-Damaged goods will pay a reduced duty proportionate to their deterioration; any doubt on this point will be solved in the way indicated in the clause of this Treaty with respect to duties payable on merchandise ad valorem.
Art. XXXV. Any Portuguese merchant who, having imported foreign goods into one of the open ports of China and paid the proper duties thereon, may wish to re-export them to another of the said ports, will have to send to the Superintendent of Customs an account of them, who, to avoid fraud, will direct his officers to examine whether or not the duties have been paid, whether the same have been entered on the books of the Customs, whether they retain their original marks, and whether the entries agree with the account sent in. Should everything be found correct, the same will be stated in the export permit together with the total amount of duties paid, and all these particulars will be communicated to the Custom-house officers at other ports.
Upon arrival of the ship at the port to which the goods are carried, permission will be granted to land without any new payment of duties whatsoever if, upon examination, they are found to be the identical goods; but if during the examination any fraud be detected, the goods may be confiscated by the Chinese Government.
Should any Portuguese merchant wish to re-export to a foreign country any goods imported, and upon which duties have been already paid, he will have to make his application in the same form as required for the re-exportation of goods to another port in China, in which case a certificate of drawback or of restitution of duties will be granted, which will be accepted by any of the Chinese Custom-houses in payment of import or export duties.
Foreign cereals imported by Portuguese ships into the ports of China may be re-exported without hindrance if no portion of them has been discharged.
Årt. XXXVI.--The Chinese authorities will adopt at the ports the measures which they may deem the most convenient to avoid fraud or smuggling.
L
TREATY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA
145
Art. XXXVII.-The proceeds of fines and confiscations inflicted on Portuguese subjects, in conformity to this Treaty, shall belong exclusively to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXXVIII.-Portuguese subjects carrying goods to a market in the interior of the country, on which the lawful import duties have already been paid at any of the open ports, or those who buy native produce in the interior to bring to the ports on the Yang-tsze-kiang, or to send to foreign ports, shall follow the regulations adopted towards the other nations.
Custom-house officers who do not comply with the regulations, or who may exact more duties than are due, shall be punished according to the Chinese law.
Art. XXXIX.-The Consuls and local authorities shall consult together, when neces sary, as to the construction of Light-houses and the placing of Buoys and Light-ships. Art. XL.-Duties shall be paid to the bankers authorized by the Chinese Govern- ment to receive them in sycee or in foreign coin, according to the official assay made at Canton on the 15th July, 1843.
Art. XLI. In order to secure the regularity of weights and measures and to avoid confusion, the Superintendent of Customs will hand over to the Portuguese Consul at each of the open ports standards similar to those given by the Treasury Department.for collection of public dues to the Customs at Canton.
Art. XLII.-Portuguese merchant ships may resort only to those ports of China which are declared open to commerce. It is forbidden to them, except in the case of "force majeure provided for in Article XIX., to enter into other ports, or to carry on a clandestine trade on the coast of China, and the transgressor of this order shall be subject to confiscation of his ship and cargo by the Chinese Government.
Art. XLIII.-All Portuguese vessels despatched from one of the open ports of China to another, or to Macao, are entitled to a certificate of the Custom-house, which will exempt them from paying new tonnage dues, during the period of four months reckoned from the date of clearance.
Art. XLIV.-If any Portuguese merchant ship is found smuggling, the goods smuggled, no matter of what nature or value, will be subject to confiscation by the Chinese authorities, who may send the ship away from the port, after settlement of all her accounts, and prohibit her to continue to trade.
Art. XLV. As regards the delivery of Portuguese and Chinese criminals, with the exception of the Chinese criminals who take refuge in Macao, and for whos extradition the Governor of Macao will continue to follow the existing practice, after the receipt of a due requisition from the Viceroy of the Kwangs, it is agreed that, in the Chinese ports open to foreign trade, the Chinese criminals who take refuge at the houses or on board ships of Portuguese subjects shall be arrested and delivered to the Chinese authorities on their applying to the Portuguese Consul; and likewise the Portuguese criminals who take refuge in China shall be arrested and delivered to the Portuguese authorities on their applying to the Chinese authorities; and by neither of the parties shall the criminals be harboured nor shall there be delay in delivering them.
Art. XLVI.-It is agreed that either of the high contracting parties to this Treaty may demand a revision of the Tariff, and of the commercial Articles of this Treaty, at the end of ten years; but if no demand be made on either side within six months after the end of the first ten years, then the Tariff shall remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years; and so it shall be; at the end of each successive ten years.
Art. XLVII.-All disputes arising between Portuguese subjects in China with regard to rights, either of property or person, shall be submitted to the jurisdiction of the Portuguese authorities.
Art. XLVIII.-Whenever Chinese subjects become guilty of any criminal act towards Portuguese subjects, the Portuguese authorities must report such acts to the Chinese authorities in order that the guilty be tried according to the laws of China.
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If Portuguese subjects become guilty of any criminal act towards Chinese spojects, the Chinese authorities must report such acts to the Portuguese Consul in order that the guilty may be tried according to the laws of Portugal.
Art. XLIX.-If any Chinese subject shall have become indebted to a Portuguese subject and withholds payment, or fraudulently absconds from his creditors, the Chinese authorities shall use all their efforts to apprehend him and to compel him to pay, the debt being previously proved and the possibility of its payment ascertained. The Portuguese authorities will likewise use their efforts to enforce the payment of any debt due by any Portuguese subject to a Chinese subject.
But in no case will the Portuguese Government or the Chinese Government be considered responsible for the debts of their subjects.
Art. L.-Whenever any Portuguese subject shall have to petition the Chinese authority of a district, he is to submit his statement beforehand to the Consul, who will cause the same to be forwarded should he see no impropriety in so doing, otherwise he will have it written out in other terms, or decline to forward it. Likewise, when a Chinese subject shall have occasion to petition the Portuguese Consul he will only be allowed to do so through the Chinese authority, who shall proceed in the same manner.
Art. LI.-Portuguese subjects who may have any complaint or claim against any Chinese subject, shall lay the same before the Consul, who will take due cognizance of the case and will use all his efforts to settle it amicably. Likewise, when a Chinese subject shall have occasion to complain of a Portuguese subject, the Consul will listen to his complaint and will do what he possibly can to re-establish harmony between the two parties.
If, however, the dispute be of such a nature that it cannot be settled in that conciliatory wav, the Portuguese Consul and Chinese authorities will hold a joint investigation of the case, and decide it with equity, applying each the laws of his own country according to the nationality of the defendant.
Art. LII.-The Catholic religion has for its essential object the leading of men to virtue. Persons teaching it and professing it shall alike be entitled to efficacious- protection from the Chinese authorities; nor shall such persons pursuing peaceably their calling and not offending against the laws be prosecuted or interfered with.
Art. LIII.-In order to prevent for the future any discussion, and considering that the English language, among all foreign languages, is the most generally known in China, this Treaty, with the Convention appended to it, is written in Por- tuguese, Chinese, and English, and signed in six copies, two in each language. All these versions have the same sense and meaning, but if there should happen to be any divergence in the interpretation of the Portuguese and Chinese versions, the English text will be made use of to resolve the doubts that may have arisen.
Art. LIV.-The present Treaty, with the Convention appended to it, shall be ratified by His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algarves and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China. The exchange of the ratifications shall be made, within the shortest possible time, at Tientsin, after which the Treaty, with the Convention appended, shall be printed and published in order that the functionaries and subjects of the two countries may have full knowledge of their stipulations and may fulfil them.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty and have affixed their seals thereto.
Done in Peking, this first day of the month of December in the year of Our Lord Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, corresponding to the Chinese date of the seventeenth day of the tenth moon of the thirteenth year of Kwang-Hsu.
(Signed)
[L.S.] [Chinese Seal]
Signatures of the Chinese Plenipotentiaries.
THOMAS DE SOUZA Roza.
PRINCE CH'ING.
SUN-IU-UEN.
CONVENTION BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA
CONVENTION
147
It having been stipulated in the Art. IV. of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, concluded between Portugal and China on the 1st day of the month of December, 1887, that a Convention shall be arranged between the two high contracting parties in order to establish a basis of co-operation in collecting the revenue on opium ex- ported from Macao to Chinese ports, the undersigned Thomas de Souza Roza, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algarves, in special mission to the Court of Peking, and His Highness Prince Ching, President of the Tsung-li Yamen, and Sun, Minister of the Tsung-li Yamen and Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works, Min- isters Plenipotentiary of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, have agreed on the following Convention in three Articles:-
Art. I.-Portugal will enact a law subjecting the opium trade of Macao to the following provisions :-
1.-No opium shall be imported into Macao in quantities less than one chest. 2. All opium imported into Macao must, forthwith on arrival, be reported to the competent department under a public functionary appointed by the Portuguese Government, to superintend the importation and exportation of opium in Macao.
3.---No opium imported into Macao shall be transhipped, landed, stored, removed from one store to another, or exported, without a permit issued by the Superintendent.
4.-The importers and exporters of opium in Macao must keep a register, accord- ing to the form furnished by the Government, showing with exactness and clearness the quantity of opium they have imported, the number of chests they have sold, to whom and to what place they were disposed of, and the quantity in stock.
5. Only the Macao opium farmer, and persons licensed to sell opium at retail, will be permitted to keep in their custody raw opium in quantities inferior to one chest. 6. Regulations framed to enforce in Macao the execution of this law will be equivalent to those adopted in Hongkong for similar purposes.
Art. II.-Permits for the exportation of opium from Macao into Chinese ports, after being issued, shall be communicated by the Superintendent of Opium to the Commissioner of Customs at Kung-pac-uan.
T
Art. III. By mutual consent of both the high contracting parties the stipula- tions of this Convention may be altered at any time.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this Convention.
Done in Peking this first day of December in the year of Our Lord Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, corresponding to the Chinese date of the seventeenth day of the tenth moon of the thirteenth year of Kwang Hsu.
(Signed)
[L.S.] [Chinese Seal]
Signature of the Chinese Plenipotentiaries.
AGREEMENT
THOMAS DE SOUZA ROZA. PRINCE CH'ING.
SUN-IU-UEN.
The basis of the co-operation to be given to China by Portugal in the collection of duties on opium conveyed from Macao to Chinese ports, having been fixed by a Convention appended to the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, concluded between China and Portugal on the 1st December, 1887, and it being now convenient to come to an understanding upon some points relating to the said co-operation as well as to fixed rules for the treatment of Chinese junks trading with Macao, Bernardo Pinheiro Correa de Mello, Secretary of the Special Mission of His Most Faithful Majesty in
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Peking, duly authorized by His Excellency Thomas de Souza Roza, Chief of the saidi Mission, and Sir Robert Hart, K.C.M.G., Inspector-General of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, provided with the necessary instructions from the Chinese Government, have agreed on the following:
1.-An office under a Commissioner appointed by the Foreign Iuspectorate of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs shall be established at a convenient spot on Chinese territory, for the sale of opium duty certificates, to be freely sold to merchants and for such quantities of opium as they may require. The said Commissioner will also administer the Customs stations near Macao.
2. Opium accompanied by such certificates, at the rate of not more than 110 Taels per picul, shall be free from all other imposts of every sort, and have all the benefits stipulated for by the Additional Article of the Chefoo Convention between China and Great Britain on behalf of opium on which duty has been paid at one of the ports of China, and may be made up in sealed parcels at the option of the purchaser. 3.-The Commissioner of Customs responsible for the management of the Customs stations shall investigate and settle any complaint made by Chinese mer- chants of Macao against the Customs stations or revenue cruisers; and the Governor of Macao, if he deems it advisable, shall be entitled to send an officer of Macao to be present and assist in the investigation and decision. If, however, they do not agree, a reference may be made to the Authorities at Peking for a joint decision.
4.-Junks trading between Chinese ports and Macao, and their cargoes, shall not be subject to any dues or duties in excess of those leviable on junks and their cargoes trading between Chinese ports and Hongkong, and no dues whatsoever shall be de- manded from junks proceeding to Macao from ports of China, or coming from Macao · to ports in China, over and above the dues paid, or payable, at the ports of clearance or destination. Chinese produce which has paid Customs duties and lekin tax before entering Macao may be re-exported from Macao to Chinese ports without paying Customs duties and lekin tax again, and will be only subject to the payment of the tax named Siao-hao.
In witness whereof, this agreement has been written in Portuguese and English. and signed in duplicate at Peking this the first day of December, 1887.
(Signed)
BERNARDO PINHEIRO CORREA DE MELLO,
Secretary of the Special Mission of His Most Faithful Majesty.
(Signed)
SIR ROBERT HART,
Inspector-General of Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN CHINA
AND PORTUGAL
SIGNED AT SHANGHAI, NOVEMBER, 1904
Art. I.-The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between China and Portugal dated the first day of December, 1887 (17th day, 10th moon, 13th year of Kwang Hsu),- continues in force except in so far as modified by the present Treaty.
Art. II.-Portugal accepts the increase in the import duties stipulated for in Article VI. of the Peking Protocol of 7th September, 1901, from the date of the ratifica- tion of this Treaty. Portugal will enjoy the privileges of the most favoured nation, and in no case shall Portuguese subjects pay higher or lower duties than those paid by the subjects of any other foreign nation. Article XII. of the Treaty of First Decem-· ber, 1887, is therefore rendered null and void.
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Art. III. The duty and lekin on foreign opium will continue as provided for in existing Treaties. The Government of His Most Faithful Majesty agrees to con- tinue as heretofore to co-operate with the Government of His Imperial Chinese Majesty in the collection of the duty and lekin on opium exported from Macao to China, and also to co-operate in the repression of smuggling in accordance with the Treaty and Special Opium Convention of 1st December, 1887. In order to render this co-operation effective, it is clearly stipulated that all opium imported into Macao shall, on arrival, be registered at the Special Government Bureau provided for this purpose, and the Portuguese Government will take the necessary steps in order to have all this opium stored under its exclusive control in a depôt from which it will be removed as required by the demands of trade. The quantity of opium required for consumption in Macao and its dependencies will be fixed annually by the Government of Macao in agreement with the Commissioner of the Imperial Maritime Customs referred to in Article II. of the above mentioned Convention, and under no pretext will removal from the Portuguese Government depôt be permitted of any quantity of opium for local consumption in excess of that fixed by the said agreement, and neces- sary measures will be taken to prevent opium removed from the depôt for re-export to any port other than a port in China being sent fraudulently to Chinese territory. The removal from the depôt of opium for export will not be permitted except on production of proof that such opium has already paid all dues and duties leviable thereon by China. The rules for the carrying out of this Article shall be arranged by delegates from the Government of Macao and the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.
Art. IV. Such steps as are necessary for the repression of smuggling in the territory and waters of Macao shall be taken by the local Portuguese Government in concert with the Commissioner of the Imperial Maritime Customs, and similar steps in the Chinese territory and waters near Macao shall be taken by the Imperial Maritime Customs in concert with the Portuguese Government of Macao. This co- operation is intended to render such steps effective on all points in respect of which co- operation is needed, and to avoid at the same time any injury to the sovereign rights of either of the high contracting parties. Special delegates from the local Government of Macao and the Imperial Maritime Customs shall proceed to fix the respective zones of operations, and shall devise practical means for the repression of smuggling.
Art. V.-With a view to the development of trade between Macao and neigh- bouring ports in the Kwangtung Province, the high contracting parties have agreed. as follows:-
1.--Portuguese steamers desirous of proceeding for the purposes of trade from Macao to any of the ports of call and passenger stages on the West River, enumerated in the Special Article of the English-Burmah Convention of 1897, and Article X. of the British Treaty of Commerce of 1902, shall be permitted to do so, provided they comply with the Special Regulations to be framed for this purpose by the two high contracting parties.
2. Steamers specially registered for trade under the Inland Waters Steam Navigation Rules shall be permitted to ply between Macao and places in the Depart- ment of Kwang-chow-fu other than those mentioned in Section 1, provided they report to the Kungpei-kuan Customs for examination of cargo and payment of duties in accordance with Special Regulations to be framed for this purpose by the two high contracting parties. Such vessels may engage in all lawful trade, including the tow- age of junks and conveyance of passengers and cargo, subject to the regulations for the time being in force.
The privileges hereby granted are granted on the express understanding that Special Regulations shall be framed defining in detail the conditions under which such traffic may be carried on. Until then, the said Regulations have been agreed upon and published, the Article shall not become operative; and subsequently only on compliance with the said Regulations.
Art. VI. Portugal having the right of most favoured nation treatment, it is clearly stipulated that any advantages China may think fit to grant to any nation in
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the importation of agricultural products, specially wines and oil, or in the importa- tion of industrial products, specially woollen and cotton goods and preserved food- stuffs, shall be extended to similar Portuguese goods on exactly the same conditions. It is also clearly understood that Portuguese wine of all kinds proved by means of certificate of origin, issued by Portuguese Consuls, to have been imported from Portugal, direct or otherwise, shall when their alcoholic strength exceeds 14° pay the duty leviable according to the annexed tariff on wines exceeding 14° of alcholic strength. Wine passed through the Chinese Customs under designation "Port Wine" shall not be entitled to the benefit of this Article unless accompanied by a certificate of origin as above.
Art. VII.-Portuguese subjects may frequent, reside at, and carry on trade, industries and manufactures, and pursue any other lawful avocation in all the ports and localities in China which have already been or may hereafter be opened to foreign residence and trale; and wherever in any such ports or localities a special area has been or may hereafter be set apart for the use and occupation of foreigners, Portuguese subjects may therein lease land, erect buildings, and in all respects enjoy the same privileges and immunities as are granted to subjects of the most favoured nations. Art. VIII. Whereas China, with the object of reforming its fiscal system, proposes to levy a surtax in addition to the tariff duties on all goods passing through the Custom-houses, whether maritime or inland and frontier, in order to make good the loss incurred by the complete abolition of lekin, the Portuguese Government agrees that foreign goods imported into China by Portuguese subjects shall on entry pay an import surtax equivalent to one and a half times the duty fixed by the Import Tariff as now revised, and that Chinese produce exported abroad by Portuguese sub- jects shall pay export duties, inclusive of the tariff export duty, not exceeding seven and a half per cent. ad valorem, provided always that such import surtax and export duties have been accepted by all the Powers having Treaties with China. With regard to the produce tax, consumption tax, and excise, as well as the duties on native opium and salt, leviable by China, Portugal further agrees to accept the same arrangements as shall be agreed upon between all the Treaty Powers and China. It is, however, understood that the commerce, rights, and privileges of Portugal shall not, in consequence of this undertaking, be placed in any way at a disadvantage as compared with the commerce, rights, and privileges of any other Power.
Art. IX.-Drawback certificates for the return of duties shall be issued by the Imperial Maritime Customs to Portuguese subjects within twenty-one days from the date of presentation to the Customs of the papers entitling the applicant to receive such drawback certificates. These certificates will be accepted at their face value by the Customs authorities at the port of issue in payment of duties of all kinds, ton- nage dues excepted; or shall, in the case of drawbacks for duty paid on foreign goods re-exported abroad within three years from the date of importation, be redeemable in full in ready money by the Imperial Maritime Customs at the port of issue, at the option of the holders thereof. But if, in connection with any applica- tion for a drawback certificate, the Customs authorities discover an attempt on the part of a Portuguese subject to defraud the revenue, he shall be liable to a fine not exceeding five times the amount of the duty whereof he attempted to defraud the Customs, or to a confiscation of the goods. In case the goods have been removed from Chinese territory, then the Consul shall inflict on the guilty party a suitable fine to be paid to the Chinese Government.
Art. X.-China agrees to herself establish a system of uniform national coinage and provide for a uniform national currency, which shall be freely used as legal tender in payment of all duties, taxes, and other obligations by Portuguese subjects as well as by Chinese subjects in the Chinese Empire. It is understood, however, that all Customs duties shall continue to be calculated and paid on the basis of the Haikwan Tael.
Art. XI. The Government of His Most Faithful Majesty agrees to the prohibi tion by the Chinese Government of the importation into China of morphia and of instruments for its injection, on condition, however, that the Chinese Government
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will allow the importation of morphia and of instruments for its injection for medical purposes by Portuguese docters, chemists, and druggists, on payment of the prescribed duty and under special permit which will only be granted to an intending importer upon his signing at the Portuguese Consulate a suitable bond undertaking not to sell morphia except in small quantities and on receipt of a requisition signed by a duly qualified foreign medical practitioner. If fraud in connection with such importation be discovered by the Customs authorities the morphia and instrument for its injection will be seized and confiscated, and the importer will be denied the right to import these articles.
Art. XII. The Chinese Government recognizing that it is advantageous for the country to develop its mineral resources, and that it is desirable to attract foreign as well as Chinese capital to embark in mining enterprise, agrees to revise its exist- ing mining regulations in such manner, by the selection of those rules in force in other nations which seem applicable to conditions in China, that the revision, while promoting the interests of Chinese subjects and in no way prejudicing the sovereign rights of China, will offer no impediment to the employment of foreign capital, nor place foreign capitalists at a greater disadvantage than they would be under generally accepted foreign regulations, and will permit Portuguese subjects to carry on in Chinese territory mining operations and other necessary business relating thereto, provided they comply with the new regulations and conditions which will be imposed by China on its subjects and foreigners alike, relating to the opening of mines, the renting of mineral land, and payment of royalty, and provided they apply for permits, the provisions of which, in regard to necessary business relating to such operations, shall be observed. The residence of Portuguese subjects in connection with such mining operations shall be agreed upon between Portugal and China. Any mining concession granted after the publication of such new rules shall be subject to these provisions.
Art. XIII.-It being only right that the shareholders of any joint stock com- pany, or the partners in any commercial undertaking, should all be on a footing of equality as regards division of profits and payment of obligations, according to the partnership agreement or memorandum and articles of association, the Chinese- Government agrees that Chinese subjects joining with Portuguese subjects in the or- ganisation of a joint stock company or commercial undertaking, legally constituted, shall be liable to the fulfilment of the obligations imposed by said agreement or memorandum and articles of association, and that Chinese Courts will enforce fulfil- ment of such obligations, if a suit to that effect be entered; provided always that their liability shall not be other or greater than that of Portuguese shareholders or partners in the same company or partnership. Similarly Portuguese subjects who invest their capital in Chinese enterprises shall be bound to fulfil the obligations imposed by the partnership agreement or memorandum, and articles of association, and their liability shall be the same as that of the Chinese subjects engaged in the same undertaking. But as existing Treaty stipulations do not permit foreign mer-- chants to reside in the interior of China for purpose of trade, such joint stock com- panies and commercial undertakings may be established in the interior by Portuguese and Chinese subjects conjointly.
Art. XIV.-As Portugal affords protection to trademarks used by subjects of any other nationality, provided a like protection is reciprocated for trademarks used by Portuguese subjects, China, in order to obtain this protection for its subjects in Portuguese territory, agrees to grant protection to Portuguese trademarks against unlawful use, falsification or imitation by Chinese subjects. To this end the Chinese Government will enact the necessary laws and regulations, and will establish registration offices at which foreign trademarks may be registered on payment of reasonable fees. Further, the Chinese Government agrees that, as soon as a Patent Office has been established, and special laws with regard to inventions have been adopted, it will, after payment of the prescribed fees, issue certificates, valid for a fixed term of years, to Portuguese inventors, extending to their inventions the same protection as shall be given to Chinese patents in Portugal, provided that such inven-
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tions do not infringe on previous inventions by subjects of China. Any Chinese or Portuguese subject who is the author, proprietor, or seller of any publication injurious to the peace and good government of China shall be dealt with in accordance with the laws of his own country.
Art. XV. The Government of China having expressed a strong desire to reform its judicial system, and to bring it into accord with that of Western nations, Portugal agrees to give every assistance to such reform, and will also be prepared to relinquish extraterritorial rights when satisfied that the state of the Chinese laws, the arrange- ments for their administration, and other considerations warrant it in so doing.
Art. XVI. The missionary question in China demands, in the opinion of the Chinese Government, careful consideration, so as to avert in the future troubles which have occurred in the past. Portugal, as a nation specially interested in the protection of its Catholic missions in Chinese territory, agrees to join in a commission to investigate this question and, if possible, to devise means for securing permanent peace between converts and non-converts, should such a commission be formed by China and the Treaty Powers interested. No person, whether Portuguese subject or Chinese convert who, according to the tenets of Christianity, peaceably teaches or practises the principles of that religion, which aims at teaching men to do good, shall be
persecuted or harassed on account of his faith. But converts and non-converts, being alike subjects of China, shall conform to her laws, and shall pay due respect to those in authority, living together in peace and amity; and the fact of his being a convert shall protect no one from the consequence of any offence he may have committed before or may commit after his admission into the Church, or exempt him from paying legal taxes and contributions levied for the support of religious customs and practices contrary to his faith. Missionaries shall not interfere with the exercise by the native authorities of their jurisdiction over Chinese subjects, nor shall the native authorities make any distinction between converts and non-converts, but shall administer the law without partiality, so that both classes may live together in peace. Portuguese missions shall be permitted to rent and lease in perpetuity, as the property of the mission, buildings or lands in all parts of the Empire for mission. purposes, and, after the title-deeds have been found in order and duly stamped by the focal authorities, to erect such suitable buildings as may be required for carrying out their good work.
Art. XVII.--The present Treaty shall remain in force for a period of ten years beginning with the date of the exchange of ratifications and until à revision is effected as hereinafter provided.
а
It is further agreed that either of the two high contracting parties may demand revision of the Tariff and the Articles of the Treaty six months before the end of ten years from the date of the exchange of ratifications thereof. If no re- vision is demanded before the end of the first term of the ten years, then these Articles in their present form shall remain in full force for a further term of ten years reckoned from the end of the first term and so on for successive periods of ten years.
Art. XVIII.-In order to prevent in the future any discussion, this Treaty is written in Portuguese, Chinese and English, and signed in six copies, two in each lan- guage. All these versions have the same sense and meaning, but if there should happen to be any divergence in the interpretation of the Portuguese and Chinese versions, the English text will be made use of to resolve the doubts that may have arisen.
Art. XIX. The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and Algarves and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China. The exchange of the ratifications shall be made within the shortest possible time, and the Treaty will be printed and published, in order that the functionaries and subjects of the respective countries inay have full knowledge of its stipulations and may fulfil them.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty and have affixed their seals thereto.
JAPAN
TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
SIGNED AT SHIMONOSEKI (BAKAN), JAPAN, ON THE 17TH APRIL, 1895
Ratifications Exchanged at Chefoo, China, on the 8th May, 1895
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and His Majesty the Emperor of China desiring to restore the blessings of peace to their countries and subjects, and to remove all cause for future complications, have named as their Plenipotentiaries for the purpose of concluding a Treaty of Peace, that is to say:-
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Count Ito Hirobumi, Junii, Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Paullownia, Minister-President of State, and Viscount Mutsu Munemitsu, Junii, First Class of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li Hung Chang, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent, Senior Grand Secretary of State, Minister Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Ports of China, Viceroy of the Province of Chihli, and Earl of the First Rank, and Li Ching Fong, ex-Minister of the Diplomatic Service of the Second Official Rank;
Who, after having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in good and proper form, have agreed to the following Articles:-
Art. I.-China recognizes definitely the full and complete independence and autonomy of Corea, and, in consequence, the payment of tribute and the perform- ance of ceremonies and formalities by Corea to China in derogation of such independ ence and autonomy shall wholly cease for the future.
Art. II.-China cedes to Japan in perpetuity and full sovereignty the follow- ing territories, together with all fortifications, arsenals, and public property thereon:- (a.) The southern portion of the Province of Fêng-tien, within the following boundaries-
The line of demarcation begins at the mouth of the River Yalu, and ascends that stream to the mouth of the River An-ping; from thence the line runs to Fêng Huang; from thence to Haicheng; from thence to Ying Kow, forming a line which describes- the southern portion of the territory. The places above named are included in the ceded territory. When the line reaches the River Liao at Ying Kow it follows the course of that stream to its mouth, where it terminates. The mid-channel of the River Liao shall be taken as the line of demarcation.
This cession also includes all islands appertaining or belonging to the Province: of Fêng Tien situated in the eastern portion of the Bay of Liao Tung, and in the northern part of the Yellow Sea.
(b.) The Island of Formosa, together with all islands appertaining or belonging. to the said Island of Formosa.
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(c.) The Pescadores Group, that is to say, all islands lying between the 119th and 120th degrees of longitude eist of Greenwich and the 23rd and 24th degrees of north latitude.
Art. III. The alignments of the frontiers described in the preceding Article, and shown on the annexed map, shall be subject to verification and demarcation on the spot by a Joint Commission of Delimitation, consisting of two or more Japanese and two or more Chinese Delegates, to be appointed immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. In case the boundaries laid down in this Act are found to be defective at any point, either on account of topography or in consideration of good administration, it shall also be the duty of the Delimitation Commission to rectify the same.
The Delimitation Commission will enter upon its duties as soon as possible, and will bring its labours to a conclusion within the period of one year after appointment. The alignments laid down in this Act shall, however, be maintained until the ratifications of the Delimitation Commission, if any are made, shall have received the approval of the Governments of Japan and China.
Art. IV.--China agrees to pay to Japan as a war indemnity the sum of 200,000,000 Kuping taels. The said sum to be paid in eight instalments. The first instalment of 50,000,000 taels to be paid within six months, and the second instalment of 50,000,000 taels to be paid within twelve months, after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. The remaining sun to be paid in six equal annual instalments as follows: the first of such equal annual instalments to be paid within two years, the second with- in three years, the third within four years, the fourth within five years, the fifth within six years, and the sixth within seven years after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum shall begin to run on all unpaid portions of the said indemnity from the date the first instalment falls due.
China shall, however, have the right to pay by anticipation at any time any or all of said instalments. In case the whole amount of the said indemnity is paid within three years after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Act, all interest shall be waived, and the interest for two years and a half, or for any less period if then already paid, shall be included as a part of the principal amount of the indemnity.
Art. V. The inhabitants of the territories ceded to Japan who wish to take up their residence outside the ceded districts shall be at liberty to sell their real property and retire. For this purpose a period of two years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present Act shall be granted. At the expiration of that period those of the inhabitants who shall not have left such territories shall, at the option of Japan, be deemed to be Japanese subjects.
Each of the two Governments shall, immediately upon the exchange of the ratifications of the present Act, send one or more Commissioners to Formosa to effect a final transfer of that province, and within the space of two months after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act such transfer shall be completed.
Art. VI. -All Treaties between Japan and China having come to an end in consequence of war, China engages, immediately upon the exchange of the ratifica- tions of this Act, to appoint Plenipotentiaries to conclude with the Japanese Pleni- potentiaries a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, and a Convention to regulate frontier intercourse and trade. The Treaties, Conventions, and Regulations, now subsisting between China and European Powers, shall serve as a basis for the said Treaty and Convention between Japan and China. From the date of the exchange of the ratifications of this Act until the said Treaty and Convention are brought into actual operation, the Japanese Government, its officials, commerce, navigation, frontier intercourse and trade, industries, ships and subjects, shall in every respect be accorded by China most favoured nation treatment.
China makes, in addition, the following concessions to take effect six months after the date of the present Act:-
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1. The following cities, towns, and ports, in addition to those already opened shall be opened to the trade, residence, industries, and manufactures of Japanese subjects under the same conditions, and with the same privileges and facilities as exist at the present open cities, towns, and ports of China.
(a.) Shashih, in the Province of Hupeh.
(b.) Chung King, in the Province of Szechuan, (c.) Suchow, in the Province of Kiang Su.
(d.) Hangchow, in the Province of Chekiang.
The Japanese Government shall have the right to station Consuls at any or all of the above-named places.
2. Steam navigation for vessels under the Japanese flag for the conveyance of passengers and cargo shall be extended to the following places:--
(a.) On the Upper Yangtsze River, from Ichang to Chung King.
(b.) On the Woosung River, and the Canal, from Shanghai to Suchow and Hangchow.
The Rules and Regulations which now govern the navigation of the inland waters of China by foreign vessels, shall, so far as applicable, be enforced in respect of the above-named routes, until new Rules and Regulations are conjointly agreed to.
3. Japanese subjects purchasing goods or produce in the interior of China or transporting imported merchandise into the interior of China, shall have the right temporarily to rent or hire warehouses for the storage of the articles so purchased or transported, without the payment of any taxes or exactions whatever.
4. Japanese subjects shall be free to engage in all kinds of manufacturing industries in all the open cities, towns, and ports of China, and shall be at liberty to import into China all kinds of machinery, paying only the stipulated import duties thereon.
All articles manufactured by Japanese subjects in China, shall in respect of inland transit and internal taxes, duties, charges, and exactions of all kinds and also in respect of warehousing and storage facilities in the interior of China, stand upon the same footing and enjoy the same privileges and exemptions as merchandise imported by Japanese subjects into China.
In the event of additional Rules and Regulations being necessary in connection with these concessions, they shall be embodied in the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation provided for by this Article.
Art. VII. Subject to the provisions of the next succeeding Article, the evacua- tion of China by the armies of Japan shall be completely effected within three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Act.
Art. VIII.-As a guarantee of the faithful performance of the stipulations of this Act, China consents to the temporary occupation by the military forces of Japan, of Wei-hai-wei, in the Province of Shantung.
Upon the payment of the first two instalments of the war indemnity herein stipulated for and the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, the said place shall be evacuated by the Japanese forces, provided the Chinese Government consents to pledge, under suitable and sufficient arrangements, the Customs Revenue of China as security for the payment of the principal and interest of the remaining instalments of said indemnity. In the event of no such arrangement being concluded, such evacuation shall only take place upon the pay- ment of the final instalment of said indemnity.
It is, however, expressly understood that no such evacuation shall take place until after the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation.
Art. IX.-Immediately upon the exchange of the ratifications of this Act, all prisoners of war then held shall be restored, and China undertakes not to ill-treat or
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punish prisoners of war so restored to her by Japan. China also engages to at once release all Japanese subjects accused of being military spies or charged with any other military offences. China further engages not to punish in any manner, nor to allow to be punished, those Chinese subjects who have in any manner been compromised in their relations with the Japanese army during the war.
Art. X.-All offensive military operations shall cease upon the exchange of the ratifications of this Act.
Art. XI. The present Act shall be ratified by their Majesties the Emperor of Japan and the Emperor of China, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Chefoo on the eighth day of the fifth month of the twenty-eighth year of Meiji, corresponding to the fourteenth day of the fourth month of the twenty-first year of Kuang Hsü.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Shimonoseki, in duplicate, this seventeenth day of the fourth month of the twenty-eighth year of Meiji, corresponding to the twenty-third of the third
month of the twenty-first year of Kwang Hsü.
[L.S.]
[L.S.]
[L.S.]
[L.S.]
Count Iro HIROBUMI, Junii, Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Paullownia, Minister-President of State, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.
Viscount
Mursu MUNEMITSU, Junii, First Class of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasurc, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.
LI HUNG-CHANG, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China, Senior Tutor to the Heir Ap- parent, Senior Grand Secretary of Northern Ports of China, Viceroy of the Province of Chihli, and Earl of the First Rank.
LI CHING-FONG, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China, Ex-Minister of the Diplomatic Service, of the Second Official Rank.
TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION
MADE AT PEKING, JULY 21st, 1896
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of China having resolved, in pursuance of the provisions of Article VI. of the Treaty signed at Shimonoseki on the 17th day of the 4th month of the 28th year of Meiji, corresponding to the 23rd day of the 3rd month of the 21st year of Kwang-Hsü, to conclude a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, have for that purpose, named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:-
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157
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Baron Hayashi Tadasu, Shoshii, Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, Grand Officer of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary; and His Majesty the Emperor of China, Chang Yin-hoon, Minister of the Tsung-li Yamên, holding the rank of the President of a Board and Senior Vice-President of the Board of Revenue.
Who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:-
Art. I.--There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective subjects, who shall enjoy equally in the respective countries of the high contracting parties full and entire protection for their persons and property.
Art. II.-It is agreed by the high contracting parties that His Majesty the Emperor of Japan may, if he see fit, accredit a Diplomatic Agent to the Court of Peking and His Majesty the Emperor of China way, if he see fit, accredit a Diplomatic Agent to the Court of Tokyo.
The Diplomatic Agents thus accredited shall respectively enjoy all the pre- rogatives, privileges and immunities accorded by international law to such Agents, and they shall also in all respects be entitled to the treatment extended to similar Agents of the most favoured nation.
Their persons, families, suites, establishments, residences and correspondence shall be held inviolable. They shall be at liberty to select and appoint their own officers, couriers, interpreters, servants, and attendants without any kind of molestation.
Art. III.-His Majesty the Emperor of Japan may appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents to reside at such of the ports, cities, and towns of China which are now or may hereafter be opened to foreign residence and trade, as the interests of the Empire of Japan may require.
These officers shall be treated with due respect by the Chinese Authorities, and they shall enjoy all the attributes, authority, jurisdiction, privileges and immunities which are or may hereafter be extended to similar officers of the nation most favoured in these respects.
His Majesty the Emperor of China may likewise appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents to reside at any or all of those places in Japan where Consular officers of other nations are now or may hereafter be admitted, and, saving in the matter of jurisdiction in respect of Chinese subjects and property in Japan which is reserved to the Japanese Judicial Courts, they shall enjoy the rights and privileges that are usually accorded to such officers.
Art. IV. Japanese subjects may, with their families, employés and servants, frequent, reside and carry on trade, industries and manufactures or pursue any other lawful avocations in all the ports, cities and towns of China, which are now or may hereafter be opened to foreign residence and trade. They are at liberty to proceed to or from any of the open ports with their merchandise and effects, and within the localities at those places which have already been or may hereafter be set apart for the use and occupation of foreigners, they are allowed to rent or purchase houses, rent or lease land and to build churches, cemeteries and hospitals, enjoying in all respects the same privileges and immunities as are now or may hereafter be granted to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation..
Art. V.-Japanese vessels may touch for the purpose of landing and shipping passengers and merchandise, in accordance with the existing Rules and Regulations concerning foreign trade there, at all those places in China which are now ports of call, namely, Ngan-ching, Ta-tung, Hu-kow, Wu-sueh, Lu-chi-kow and Woosung and such other places as may hereafter be made ports of call also. If any vessel should unlawfully enter ports other than open ports and ports of call in China or carry on clan lestine trade along the coast or rivers, the vessel with her cargo shall be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.
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Art. VI.-Japanese subjects may travel, for their pleasure or for purpose of trade, to all parts of the interior of China, under passports issued by Japanese Consuls. and countersigned by the local authorities. These passports, if demanded, must be produced for examination in the localities passed through. If the passports be not irregular, the bearers will be allowed to proceed and no opposition shall be offered to their hiring of persons, animals, carts or vessels for their own conveyance or for the carriage of their personal effects or merchandise. If they be without passports or if they commit any offence against the law, they shall be handed over to the nearest Consul for punishment, but they shall only be subject to necessary restraint and in no case to ill-usage. Such passports shall remain in force for a period of 13 Chinese months from the date of issue. Any Japanese subject travelling in the interior without a passport shall be liable to a fine not exceeding 300 Taels. Japanese sub- jects may, however, without passports go on excursions from any of the ports open. to trade, to a distance not exceeding 100 Chinese li and for a period not exceeding five days. The provisions of this article do not apply to crews of ships.
Art. VII. Japanese subjects residing in the open ports of China may take into their service Chinese subjects and employ them in any lawful capacity without restraint or hindrance from the Chinese Government or authorities.
Art. VIII.-Japanese subjects may hire whatever boats they please for the conveyance of cargo or passengers and the sum to be paid for such boats shall be settled between the parties themselves, without the interference of the Chinese Government or officers. No limit shall be put upon the number of boats, neither shall a monopoly, in respect either of the boats or of the porters or coolies engaged in carrying goods, be granted to any parties. If any smuggling takes place in them the offenders will of course be punished according to law.
Art. IX. The Tariffs and Tariff Rules now in force between China and the Western Powers shall be applicable to all articles upon importation into China by Japanese subjects or from Japan, or upon exportation from China. by Japanese subjects or to Japan. It is clearly understood that all articles, the importation or exportation of which is not expressly limited or prohibited by the Tariffs and Tariff Rules existing between China and the Western Powers, may be freely imported into and exported from China, subject only to the payment of the stipulated import or export duties. But in no case shall Japanese subjects be called upon to pay in China other or higher import or export duties than are or may be paid by the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation; nor shall any article imported into China from Japan or exported from China to Japan, be charged upon such importation or exportation, other or higher duties than are now or may hereafter be imposed in China on the like article when imported from or exported to the nation most favoured in those respects.
Art. X. All articles duly imported into China by Japanese subjects or from Japan shall, while being transported, subject to the existing Regulations, from one open port to another, be wholly exempt from all taxes, imposts, duties, lekin, charges and exactions of every nature and kind whatsoever, irrespective of the nationality of the owner or possessor of the articles, or the nationality of the conveyance or vessel in which the transportation is made.
Art. XI. It shall be at the option of any Japanese subject desiring to convey duly imported articles to an inland market, to clear his goods of all transit duties by payment of a commutation transit tax or duty, equal to one-half of the import duty in respect of dutiable articles, and two and a half per cent. upon the value in respect of duty. free articles; and on payment thereof a certificate shall be issued which shall exempt the goods from all further inland charges whatsoever.
It is understood that this Article does not apply to imported Opium. Art. XII.-All Chinese goods and produce purchased by Japanese subjects in China elsewhere than at an open port thereof and intended for export abroad, shall in every part of China be freed from all taxes, imposts, duties, lekin, charges and exactions of every nature and kind whatsoever, saving only export duties when exported, upon the payment of a commutation transit tax or duty calculated at the
TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN
159
rate mentioned in the last preceding Article, substituting export duty for import duty, provided such goods and produce are actually exported to a foreign country within the period of 12 months from the date of the payment of the transit tax. All Chinese goods and produce purchased by Japanese subjects at the open ports of China, and of which export to foreign countries is not prohibited, shall be exempt from all internal taxes, imposts, duties, lekin, charges and exactions of every nature and kind whatsoever, saving only export duties upon exportation, and all articles purchased by Japanese subjects in any part of China, may also, for the purposes of export abroad, be transported from open port to open port subject to the existing Rules and Regulations.
Art. XIII.-Merchandise of a bona fide foreign origin, in respect of which full import duty shall have been paid, may at any time within three years from the date of importation, be re-exported from China by Japanese subjects to any foreign country, without the payment of any export duty, and the re-exporters shall, in addition, be entitled forthwith to receive from the Chinese Customs drawback certi- ficates for the amount of import duty paid thereon, provided that the merchandise remains intact and unchanged in its original packages. Such drawback certificates shall be immediately redeemable in ready money by the Chinese Customs Authorities at the option of the holders thereof.
Art. XIV. The Chinese Government consents to the establishment of Bonded Warehouses at the several open ports of China. Regulations on the subject shall be made hereafter.
Art. XV. Japanese merchant vessels of more than 150 tons burden, entering the open ports of China, shall be charged tonnage dues at the rate of 4 mace per registered ton; if of 150 tons and under, they shall be charged at the rate of 1 mace per registered ton. But any such vessel taking its departure within 48 hours after arrival, without breaking bulk, shall be exempt from the payment of tonnage dues.
Japanese vessels having paid the above specified tonnage dues shall thereafter be exempt from all tonnage dues in all the open ports and ports of call of China, for the period of four months from the date of clearance from the port where the pay- ment of such tonnage dues is made. Japanese vessels shall not, however, be required to pay tonnage dues for the period during which they are actually undergoing repairs in China.
No tonnage dues shall be payable on small vessels and boats employed by Japanese subjects in the conveyance of passengers' baggage, letters, or duty-free articles between any of the open ports of China. All small vessels and cargo boats, however, conveying merchandise which is, at the time of such conveying, subject to duty, shall pay tonnage dues once in four months at the rate of 1 mace per ton.
No fee or charges, other than tonnage dues, shall be levied upon Japanese vessels and boats, and it is also understood that such vessels and boats shall not be required to pay other or higher tonnage dues than the vessels and boats of the most favoured nation.
Art. XVI.-Any Japanese merchant vessel arriving at an open port of China shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to take her into port. In like manner, after she has discharged all legal dues and duties and is ready to take her departure, she shall be allowed to employ a pilot to take her out of port.
Art. XVII.-Japanese merchant vessels compelled on account of injury sustained or any other cause, to seek a place of refuge, shall be permitted to enter any nearest port of China, without being subject to the payment of tonnage dues or duties upon goods lauded in order that repairs to the vessel may be effected, provided the goods so landed remain under the supervision of the Customs authorities. Should any such vessel be stranded or wrecked on the coast of China, the Chinese authorities shall immediately adopt measures for rescuing the passengers and crew and for securing the vessel and cargo. The persons thus saved shall receive friendly treatment, and, if necessary, shall be furnished with means of conveyance to the nearest Consular station. Should any Chinese merchant vessel be compelled on account of injury sustained or any other cause to seek a place of refuge in the nearest
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TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN
port of Japan, she shall likewise be treated in the same way by the Japanese · authorities.
Art. XVIII.-The Chinese authorities at the several open ports shall adopt such means as they judge most proper to prevent the revenue suffering from fraud or smuggling.
Art. XIX. If any Japanese vessel be plundered by Chinese robbers or pirates, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities to use every endeavour to capture and punish the said robbers or pirates and to recover and restore the stolen property.
Art. XX.-Jurisdiction over the persons and property of Japanese subjects in China is reserved exclusively to the duly authorized Japanese authorities, who shall hear and determine all cases brought against Japanese subjects or property by Jap-- anese subjects or by the subjects or citizens of any other Power, without the interven-- tion of the Chinese authorities.
Art. XXI.-If the Chinese authorities or a Chinese subject make any charge- or complaint of a civil nature against Japanese subjects or in respect of Japanese property in China, the case shall be heard and decided by the Japanese authorities. In like manner all charges and complaints of a civil nature brought by Japanese- authorities or subjects in China against Chinese subjects or in respect of Chinese · property, shall be heard and determined by the Chinese authorities.
Art. XXII.-Japanese subjects, charged with the commission of any crimes or offences in China, shall be tried and, if found guilty, punished by the Japanese authorities according to the laws of Japan.
In like manner Chinese subjects charged with the commission of any crimes or offences against Japanese subjects in China, shall be tried and, if found guilty, punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws of China.
Art. XXIII. Should any Chinese subject fail to discharge debts incurred to a Japanese subject or should he fraudulently abscond, the Chinese authorities will do- their utmost to effect his arrest, and enforce recovery of the debts. The Japanese Authorities will likewise do their utmost to bring to justice any Japanese subject who fraudulently absconds or fails to discharge debts incurred by him to a Chinese- subject.
Art. XXIV.-If Japanese subjects in China who have committed offences or have failed to discharge debts and fraudulently abscond should flee to the interior of China or take refuge in houses occupied by Chinese subjects or on board of Chinese ships the Chinese authorities shall, at the request of the Japanese Consul, deliver them to the Japanese authorities.
In like manner if Chinese subjects in China who have committed offences or have failed to discharge debts and fraudulently abscond should take refuge in houses occupied by Japanese subjects in China or on board of Japanese ships in Chinese waters they shall be delivered up at the request of the Chinese authorities made to the Japanese authorities.
Art. XXV.-The Japanese Government and its subjects are hereby confirmed in all privileges, immunities and advantages conferred on them by the Treaty stipulations between Japan and China which are now in force; and it is hereby expressly stipu lated that the Japanese Government and its subjects will be allowed free and equal participation in all privileges, immunities and advantages that may have been or may be hereafter granted by His Majesty the Emperor of China to the Government or subjects of any other nation.
Art. XXVI.-It is agreed that either of the high contracting parties may demand a revision of the Tariffs and of the Commercial Articles of this Treaty at the end of ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications; but if no such demand be made on either side and no such revision be effected within six months after the end of the first ten years then the Treaty and Tariffs, in their pret ent form, shall remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years, and so it shall be at the end of each successive period of ten years.
Art. XXVII. The high contracting parties will agree upon Rules and Regulations necessary to give full effect to this Treaty. Until such Rules and
TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN
161
Regulations are brought into actual operation the Arrangements, Rules and Regulations subsisting between China and the Western Powers, so far as they are applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Treaty, shall be binding between the contracting parties.
Art. XXVIII. The present Treaty is signed in the Japanese, Chinese and English languages. In order, however, to prevent future discussions, the Pleni- potentiaries of the high contracting parties have agreed that in case of any divergencies in the interpretation between the Japanese and Chinese texts of the Treaty, the difference shall be settled by reference to the English text.
Art. XXIX. The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of China and His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and the ratification thereof shall be exchanged at Peking not later than three months from the present date.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries bave signed the same and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Peking this twenty-first day of the seventh month of the twenty- ninth year of Meiji, corresponding to the eleventh day of the sixth month of the twenty-second year of Kuang Hsü (July 21st, 1896).
[L.S.]
CHANG YIN-HOON.
HAYASHI TADASU.
""
PROTOCOL REGARDING NEW PORTS
MADE AT PEking, 19th October, 1896
Baron Hayashi Tadasu, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of His Majesty the Emperor of China have agreed upon the following stipulations supple- mentary to the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation :-
Ait. I. It is hereby agreed that special Japanese settlements shall be formed at the places newly opened to commerce, and that affairs relating to roads and police si all be under the control of the Japanese Consul.
Art. II.-Regulations with respect to steamers or ships owned or chartered by Japanese subjects at Suchow, Hangchow, and Shanghai shall be determined. after conference with Japan, on the basis of the Provisional Regulations for the conduct of business by foreign merchants at those places, issued by the Shanghai Customs on August third of the twenty-second year of Kwang Hsü.
Art. III. The Government of Japan concedes the right of the Chinese Govern- ment to impose upon articles manufactured by Japanese subjects in China such a tax as may seem expedient, provided that the said tax shall not differ from, or exceed, the tax paid by Chinese subjects; and provided that the Chinese Govern- ment shall, when the Japanese Government so desires, immediately provide sites. for the formation of special Japanese Settlements in Shanghai, Tientsin, Amoy, and Hankow.
Art. IV. Instructions shall le issued in Sunfu, in Shantung, that no Chinese troops shall approach, or take possession of any position, within 5 Japanese ri, that is to say, about 40 Chinese li, of the limits of any positions held by Japanese forces in accordance with Treaty stipulations.
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162
TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN
The above Protocol shall be drawn up in the Chinese and Japanese languages and after comparison the two copies shall be signed and sealed, each side taking one of the copies.
(Signed)
HAYASHI TADASU.
PRINCE KING.
YIN LU.
""
"2
CHANG YIN-WHAN.
Nineteenth day, tenth month, twenty-ninth year of Meiji; thirteenth day, ninth month, twenty-second year of Kuang Hsü.
SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
SIGNED AT SHANGHAI, 8th OCTOBER, 1903
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of China, in order to give full effect to the provisions of Article XI. of the Final Protocol signed at Peking on the seventh day of the ninth month of the thirty-fourth year of Meiji, corresponding to the twenty-fifth day of the seventh moon of the twenty-seventh year of Kuang-hsü, have resolved to conclude a Supplementary Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, designed to facilitate and promote the commercial relations between Japan and China, and have for that purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries, that
is to say:
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Hioki Eki, Jugoi, Fifth Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, First Secretary of Legation, and Odagiri Masnoske, Shorokui, Fifth Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, Consul-General; and
His Majesty the Emperor of China, Lü Hai-huan, President of the Boarl of Public Works; Sheng Hsuan-huai, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, formerly Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works; and Wu Ting-fang, Senior Vice-President of the Board of Commerce.
Who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles :--
Art. I. Whereas China, with the object of reforming its fiscal system, proposes to levy a surtax in excess of the tariff rates on all goods passing through the Custom- houses, whether maritime, or inland and frontier, in order to compensate, in a mea- sure, for the loss incurred by the complete abolition of lekin, Japan consents to pay the same surtax as is agreed upon between China and all the Treaty Powers. With regard to the production tax, consumption tax, and excise, and the taxes on native opium and salt, leviable by China, Japan also consents to accept the same arrange- ments as are agreed upon between all the Treaty Powers and China. It is under- stood, however, that the commerce, rights and privileges of Japan shall not, on account of the above, be placed at any disadvantage as compared with the commerce, rights and privileges of other Powers.
SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
163
Art. II. The Chinese Government agrees to permit Japanese steamship-owners to erect, at their own expense, appliances for hauling through the rapids of that part of the Yangtzekiang between Ichang and Chungking; but as the interests of the population of the provinces of Szechuen, Hunan and Hupeh are involved, it is there- fore necessary that the approval of the Imperial Maritime Customs be obtained before such appliances may be so erected. These appliances, which shall be at the disposal of all vessels, both steamers and junks, shall not obstruct the waterway nor interfere with the free passage of junks or of persons on the banks on the river.
Such ap pliances shall be subject to special regulations to be drawn up by the Imperial Customs.
Art. III. The Chinese Government agrees that any Japanese steamer capable of navigating the inland waterways, upon reporting at the Imperial Maritime Cus- toms, may proceed for the purpose of trade from a Treaty Port to places inland so reported, on complying with the Original and Supplementary Regulations for Steam Navigation Inland.
Art. IV.-In case Chinese subjects conjointly with Japanese subjects organise a partnership or company for a legitimate purpose, they shall equitably share the profits and losses with all the members according to the terms of the agreement or memorandum and articles of association and the regulations framed thereunder, and they shall be liable to the fulfilment of the obligations imposed by the said agreement or memorandum and articles of association and the regulations framed thereunder, as accepted by them and as interpreted by the Japanese Courts. Should they fail to fulfil the obligations so imposed and legal action be taken against them in consequence, Chinese Courts shall at once enforce fulfilment of such obligations. It is understood that in case Japanese subjects conjointly with Chinese subjects organise a partnership or company, they shall also equitably share the profits and losses with all the members according to the terms of the agreement or memorandum and articles of association and the regulations framed thereunder. Should such Japanese subjects fail to fulfil any of the obligations imposed by the said agreement or memorandum and articles of association, or by the regulations framed thereunder, Japanese Courts shall in like manner at once enforce fulfilment of such obligations by them.
Art. V. The Chinese Government agrees to make and faithfully enforce such regulations as are necessary for preventing Chinese subjects from infringing regis- tered trade-marks held by Japanese subjects. The Chinese Government likewise agrees to make such regulations as are necessary for affording protection to registered copyrights held by Japanese subjects in the books, pamphlets, maps and charts written in the Chinese language and specially prepared for the use of Chinese people. It is further agreed that the Chinese Government shall establish registration offices where foreign trade-marks and copyrights held by Japanese subjects in protec- tion of the Chinese Government shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of the regulations to be hereafter framed by the Chinese Government for the purpose of protecting trade-marks and copyrights. It is understood that Chinese trade- marks and copyrights properly registered according to the provisions of the laws and regulations of Japan will receive similar protection against infringement in Japan.
This Article shall not be held to protect against due process of law any Japanese or Chinese subject who may be the author, proprietor, or seller of any publication calculated to injure the well-being of China.
Art. VI.-China agrees to establish itself, as soon as possible, a system of uniform national coinage, and provide for a uniform national currency, which shall be freely used as legal tender in payment of all duties, taxes and other obligations by Japanese subjects as well as by Chinese subjects in the Chinese Empire. It is understood, however, that all Customs duties shall continue to be calculated and paid on the basis of the Haikwan Tael.
Art. VII. As the weights and measures used by the mercantile and other classes for general and commercial purposes in the different provinces of China vary and do not accord with the standards fixed by the Imperial Government Boards, thus
6*
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SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
resulting in detriment to the trade of Chinese and foreigners, the Governors-Generat and Governors of all the provinces, after careful inquiry into existing conditions, shall consult together and fix upon uniform standards which, after a Memorial to the Throne for sanction, shall be adopted and used in all transactions by officials and people throughout all the Empire. These standards shall be first used in the places opened to foreign trade and gradually extended to inland places. Any differences resulting from divergence between the new weights and measures and those now in vogue shall be equitably settled, whether by way of increase or decrease, according to the amount of such difference.
Art. VIII.-The Regulations for Steam Navigation Inland of the fifth moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kuang Hsu and the Supplementary Rules of the seventh moon of the same year, having been found in some respects inconvenient in working, the Chinese Government hereby agrees to amend them, and to annex such new Rules to this Treaty. These Rules shall remain in force until altered by mutual consent.
Art. IX. The provisions of all Treaties and engagements now subsisting between Japan and China, in so far as they are not modified or repealed by this Act, are hereby expressly stipulated in addition, that the Japanese Government, officers, subjects, commerce, navigation, shipping, industries and property of all kinds shall be allowed free and full participation in all privileges, immunities and advantages which have been or may hereafter be granted by His Majesty the Emperor of China or by the Chinese Government or by the Provincial or Local Administrations of China to the Government, officers, subjects, commerce, navigation, shipping, in- dustries or property of any other nation. The Japanese Government will do its utmost to secure to Chinese officers and subjects resident in Japan the most favourable treatment compatible with the laws and regulations of the Empire.
Art. X. The high contracting parties hereto agree that, in case of and after the complete withdrawal of the foreign troops stationed in the province of Chibli and of the Legation guards, a place of international residence and trade in Peking will be forthwith opened by China itself. The detailed regulation relating thereto shall be settled in due time after consultation. The Chinese Government agrees to open to foreign trade, within six months from the exchange of the Ratifications of this Treaty, Changsha-fu in the province of Hunan, on the same footing as the ports already opened to foreign trade. Foreigners residing in this open port are to observe the Municipal and Police Regulations on the same footing as Chinese residents, and they are not to be entitled to establish a Municipality and Police of their own within the limits of this Treaty Port, except with the consent of the Chinese authorities. The Chinese Government agrees that, upon the exchange of the Ratifications of this Treaty, Moukden and Tatungkow, both in the province of Shengking, will be opened by China itself as places of international residence and tra le. The selection of suitable localities to be set apart for international use and occupation and the regula- tions for these places set apart for foreign residence and trade shall be agreed upon by the Governments of Japan and China, after consultation together.
Art. XI.-The Government of China having expressed a strong desire to reform its judicial system and to bring it into accord with that of Japan and Western nations, Japan agrees to give every assistance to such reform, and will also be pre- pared to relinquish its extraterritorial rights when satisfied that the state of the Chinese laws, the arrangements for their administration, and other considerations warrant it in so doing.
Art. XII. The present Treaty is signed in the Japanese, Chinese and English languages. In order, however, to prevent future discussions, the Plenipotentiaries of the high contracting parties have agreed that in case of any divergence in the in- terpretation between the Japanese and Chinese texts of the Treaty, the difference shall be settled by reference to the English text.
Art. XIII. The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Peking as soon as possible, and not later than six months from the
SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
165
present date. In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the game and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms.
Done at Shanghai, this eighth day of the tenth month of the thirty-sixth year of Meiji, corresponding to the eighteenth day of the eighth moon of the twenty-ninth year of Kuang Hsü,
HIOKI EKI.
ODAGIRI MASNOSKE.
[L.S.]
(Signed)
LU HAI-HUAN.
WU T'ING-FANG.
""
"
SHENG HSUAN-HUAI,
ANNEX 1
INLAND WATERS STEAM NAVIGATION
ADDITIONAL RULES
1.-Japanese steamship owners are at liberty to lease warehouses and jetties on the banks of waterways from Chinese subjects for a term not exceeding twenty-five years, with option of renewal on terms to be mutually arranged. In cases where Japanese merchants are unable to secure warehouses and jetties from Chinese subjects on satisfactory terms, the local officials, after consultation with the Governor or Governor-General or Minister of Commerce, shall arrange to provide these on renewable lease, as above mentioned, at current equitable rates.
2.-Jetties shall only be erected in such positions that they will not obstruct the inland waterway or interfere with navigation, and with the sanction of the nearest Commissioner of Customs; such sanction, however, shall not be arbitrarily withheld.
3.-Japanese merchants shall pay taxes and contributions on these warehouses and jetties on the same footing as Chinese proprietors of similar properties in the neighbourhood. Japanese merchants may only employ Chinese agents and staff to reside in warehouses so leased at places touched at by steamers engaged in inland traffic to carry on their business; but Japanese merchants may visit these places from time to time to look after their affairs. The existing rights of Chinese jurisdiction over Chinese subjects shall not by reason of this clause be diminished or interfered with in
any way.
4.-Steam vessels navigating the inland waterways of China shall be responsible for loss caused to riparian proprietors by damage which they may do to the banks or works on them, and for the loss which may be caused by such damage. In the event of China desiring to prohibit the use of some particular shallow waterway by launches, because there is reason to fear that the use of it by them would be likely to injure the banks and cause damage to the adjoining country, the Japanese authorities, when appealed to, shall, if satisfied of the validity of the objection, prohibit the use of that waterway by Japanese launches, provided that Chinese launches are also prohibited from using it. Both Foreign and Chinese launches are prohibited from crossing dams and weirs at present in existence on inland waterways where they are likely to cause injury to such works, which would be detrimental to the water service of the local people.
5.-The main object of the Japanese Government in desiring to see the inland waterways of China opened to steam navigation being to afford facilities for the rapid transport of both foreign and native merchandise, they undertake to offer no impediment to the transfer to a Chinese company and the Chinese flag of any
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SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
Japanese steamer which may now or hereafter be employed on the inland waters of China, should the owner be willing to make the transfer. In the event of a Chinese company registered under Chinese law being formed to run steamers on the inland waters of China, the fact of Japanese subjects holding shares in such a company shall not entitle the steamer to fly the Japanese flag.
6.-Registered steamers and their tows are forbidden, just as junks have always been forbidden, to carry contraband goods. Infraction of this rule will entail the penalties prescribed in the Treaties for such an offence and cancellation of the Inland Waters Navigation Certificate carried by the vessels, which will be prohibited from thereafter plying on inland waters.
7. As it is desirable that the people living inland should be disturbed as little as possible by advent of steam vessels to which they are not accustomed, inland waters not hitherto frequented by steamers shall be opened as gradually as may be convenient to merchants and only as the owners of steamers may see prospect of remunerative trade. In cases where it is intended to run steam vessels on water- ways on which such vessels have not hitherto run, intimation shall be made to the Commissioner of Customs at the nearest open port, who shall report the matter to the Ministers of Commerce. The latter, in conjunction with the Governor-General or Governor of the province, after careful consideration of all the circumstances of the case, shall at once give their approval.
8.-A registered steamer may ply within the waters of a port, or from one open port or ports to another open port or ports, or from one open port or ports to places inland, and thence back to such port or ports. She may, on making due report to the Customs, land or ship passengers or cargo at any recognised places of trade passed in the course of the voyage; but may not ply between inland places exclusively except with the consent of the Chinese Government.
9.-Any cargo and passenger boats may be towed by steamers. The helmsman and crew of any boat towed shall be Chinese. All boats, irrespective of ownership, must be registered before they can proceed inland.
10.-The above Rules are supplementary to the Regulations published in the fifth and seventh moons of the twenty-fourth year of Kuang Hsü, which remain in full force and effect in so far as they are not modified by the Rules now agreed upon. The present Rules and the Regulations of the fifth and seventh moons of the twenty-fifth year of Kuang Hsü may hereafter be modified, as circumstances require, by mutual consent.
Done at Shanghai this eighth day of the tenth moon of the thirty-sixth year of Meiji, corresponding to the eighteenth day of the eighth moon of the twenty-ninth year of Kuang Hsü.
[L.S.]
""
(Signed)
""
""
HIOKI EKI.
ODAGIRI MASNOSKE. LU HAI-HUAN.
SHENG HSUAN-HUAI. Wu T'ING-FANG.
ANNEX 2
IMPERIAL JAPANESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION TO IMPERIAL CHINESE
COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION
Shanghai, the 8th Day of the 10th Month of the 36th Year of Meiji. GENTLEMEN,-According to Article III. of present Treaty, the Chinese Govern ment agree that any Japanese steamer capable of navigating the Inland Waterways, upon reporting at the Imperial Maritime Customs, may proceed for purpose of trade- from a treaty port to places inland, so reported, on complying with the Original and Supplementary Regulations for Steam Navigation Inland.
SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
167
It is understood that all classes of Japanese steamers, whatever their size, provided they are capable of navigating the Inland Waterways, may, on complying with the Regulations, receive an Inland Waters Certificate, and carry on trade with Inland places, and the Chinese Government will in no case raise difficulties and stop such steamers from plying to and from Inland places.
We have the honour, in order to prevent future misunderstandings, to address this despatch to Your Excellencies, and to request that instructions be sent to the Inspector General of Maritime Customs to act in accordance with this understanding.
We have further the honour to request a reply from your Excellencies.
We have the honour, etc.,
(Signed)
HIOKI EKI.
ANNEX 3
ODAGIRI MAsnoske.
""
IMPERIAL CHINESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION TO IMPERIAL JAPANESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION
Shanghai, the 18th Day of the 8th Moon of the 26th Year of Kuang Hsü. GENTLEMEN,--We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excel- lencies' despatch of this date, written with a view of preventing future misunder- standings, to the effect that, in accordance with the provisions of Article III. of the present Treaty, all classes of Japanese steamers, whatever their size, provided they are capable of navigating the Inland Waterways, may on complying with the Regulations receive an Inland Waters Certificate, and ply to and from inland places, and that the Chinese Government will in no case raise difficulties and stop them.
During the negotiations of this Article, we received a list from your Excellencies of the Japanese steamers, viz.:-Sanyo Maru, Setagawa Maru, Hiuga Maru, Urato Maru, Neisei Maru, Heian Maru, Taiko Maru, Yoshino Maru, Meiko Maru, Fukuju Maru, Hijikawa Maru, Nagata Maru, Kyodo Maru, Horai Maru, Kwanko Maru, Keiko Maru, Kinriu Maru, Žensho Maru and Kohei Maru, ranging from one hundred and twenty-one tons to four hundred and ten tons register-plying from Chefoo to inland places in Manchuria, under Inland Waters Certificate and in accordance with the Regulations for Steam Navigation Inland, which vessels have not been prevented from doing so on account of their class.
At that time we instructed the Deputy Inspector General of Customs to make inquiries into the records of the Custom-houses, and he reported that the circum- stances were in accordance with your Excellencies' statement.
In consequence of the receipt of your Excellencies' despatch, we shall communi- cate with the Waiwupu and request that instructions be sent to the Inspector General of Customs to take these circumstances into consideration and to act accordingly, and we have the honour to write this despatch for purposes of record.
We have the honour to be,
(Signed)
LU HAI-HUAN.
SHENG HSUAN-HUAN.
">
WU T'ING-FANG.
"
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SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
ANNEX 4
IMPERIAL JAPANESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION TO IMPERIAL CHINESE
COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION
Shanghai, the 8th Day of the 10th Month of the 26th Year of Meiji. GENTLEMEN,-The provision contained in No. 9 of the Supplementary Rules governing steam navigation on Inland Waters, published in the seventh moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kuang Hsü, regarding the appointment of an officer to collect dues and duties, not having in all cases been given effect to, we have the honour to request that your Excellencies' Government will again issue instructions to all pro- vinces to give strict effect to this provision, as it is a matter of importance.
We trust that your Excellencies will comply with the request contained in this despatch and that you will favour us with a reply.
We have the honour, etc.,
(Signed)
""
HIOKI EKI.
ODAGIRI MASNOSKE.
ANNEX 5
IMPERIAL CHINESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION TO IMPERIAL JAPANESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION
Shanghai, the 18th Day of the 8th Moon of the 29th Year Kuang-Hsü. GENTLEMEN, We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excel- lencies' despatch of this date to the effect that the provision contained in No. 9 of the Supplementary Rules governing steam navigation on Inland Waters, published in the seventh moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kuang Hsü, regarding the appoint- ment of an officer to collect dues and duties, not having in all cases been given effect to, you request that instructions be again issued to all provinces to give strict effect to this provision, as it is a matter of importance.
We have noted the above and have communicated with the proper authorities in order that action may be taken, and have now the honour to write this reply for your Excellencies' information.
We have the honour, etc.,
(Signed)
""
""
LU HAI-HUAN.
SHENG HSUAN-HUAI.
WU T'ING FANG.
ANNEX 6
IMPERIAL CHINESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION TO IMPERIAL JAPANESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION
Shanghai, the 18th Day of the 8th Moon of the 29th Year of Kuang Hsü. GENTLEMEN,-According to the provision of Article X. of this Treaty, regarding the establishment in Peking of a place of international residence and trade, it is agreed that in case of, and after, the complete withdrawal of the foreign troops, now
SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
169
guarding the Legations and communications, a place in Peking outside the Inner City, convenient to both parties and free from objections, shall be selected and set apart as a place where merchants of all nationalities may reside and carry on trade. Within the limits of this place merchants of all nationalities shall be at liberty to lease land, build houses and warehouses, and establish places of business; but as to the leasing of houses and land belonging to Chinese private individuals there must be willingness on the part of the owners, and the terms thereof must be equitably arranged without any force or compulsion. All roads and bridges in this place will be under the jurisdiction and control of China. Foreigners residing in this place are to observe the Municipal and Police Regulations on the same footing as Chinese residents, and they are not to be entitled to establish a Municipality and Police of their own within its limits except with the consent of the Chinese authorities. When such place of international residence and trade shall have been opened and its limits properly defined, the foreigners who have been residing scattered both within and without the city walls shall all be required to remove their residence thereto and they shall not be allowed to remain in separate places, and thereby cause inconvenience in the necessary supervision by the Chinese authorities. The value of the land and buildings held by such foreigners shall be agreed upon equitably, and due compen- sation therefor shall be paid. The period for such removal shall be determined in due time, and those who do not remove before the expiry of this period shall not be entitled to compensation.
We have considered it to be to our mutual advantage to come to the present basis of understanding in order to avoid future unnecessary negotiations, and we beg that
your Excellencies will consider and agree to it, and will favour us with a reply.
We have the honour, etc.,
(Signed)
>>
""
LU HAI-HUAN.
SHENG HSUAN-HUAI.
WU T'ING-FANG.
ANNEX 7
IMPERIAL JAPANESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION TO IMPERIAL CHINESE COMMISSIONERS FOR TREATY REVISION
Shanghai, the 8th Day of the 10th Month of the 36th Year of Meiji.
GENTLEMEN,-We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellencies' despatch of the 18th day of the 8th moon of the 29th year of Kwang Hsü.
In reply we beg to inform you that we agree generally to all the terms contained in the despatch under acknowledgment. As to the detailed regulations, these shall in due time be considered and satisfactorily settled in accordance with Article X. of this Treaty; but it is understood that such regulations shall not differ in any respect to our prejudice from those which may be agreed upon between China and other Powers. We have the honour to send your Excellencies this communi- cation in reply and for your information.
We have the honour, etc.,
(Signed)
HIOKI EKI.
ODAGIRI MASNOSKE.
TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN RELATING
TO MANCHURIA
SIGNED AT Peking, 22nd DECEMBER, 1905
I. The Chinese Government agrees to all the transfers made to Japan by Russia, by Articles V. and VI. of the Treaty of Peace between Japan and Russia.
II. The Japanese Government agrees to observe as much as possible the exist- ing Treaties in regard to the lease of land for the construction of railways, which have been concluded between China and Russia.
In case of any question arising in future, the Japanese Government will consult with the Chinese Government before settlement.
III. This present Treaty will take effect from the date of signing, and will be ratified by his Imperial Japanese Majesty and his Imperial Chinese Majesty, and ratifications will be exchanged in Peking as early as possible within two months from the date of signing.
In witness whereof the Plenipotentiaries of the two contracting parties have signed and affixed their respective seals on the Treaty done in duplicate in Japanese and Chinese.
Done at Peking, 22nd December, 1905.
KOMURA JUTARO,
Minister for Foreign Affairs, Special Ambassador;
UCHIDA KOSAI,
Minister Plenipotentiary;
PRINCE CHING,
Minister Plenipotentiary;
KU KO-KI,
Minister Plenipotentiary;
YUAN SHI-KAI,
Minister Plenipotentiary.
SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT
The Governments of the two contracting parties have decided on the following matters in which both parties are interested in Manchuria and agreed upon the following stipulations for their guidance:-
I. The Chinese Government agrees to open the following cities in Manchuria to the residence of foreigners and foreign trade with as little delay as possible after the evacuation of Manchuria by the Japanese and Russian armies:-
Shingking_Province :-Whangfengcheng, Liaoyang, Sinminting, Tieling, Tung- kiangtze, and Fakumen.
Kirin Province:-Changchun (Kwangchengtze), Kirin, Harbin, Ninguta, Hong- chun and Sanchin.
Heilunking Province :-Tsitsikar, Hailar, Aihon and Manjuri.
II. The Chinese Government having expressed its earnest desire for the speedy withdrawal of the Japanese and Russian armies and railway guards in Manchuria, and the Japanese Government being desirous of complying with the desire of the Chinese Government, agrees to make similar arrangements in case of the Russian Government agreeing to the withdrawal of its railway guards, or of any special under- standing having been arrived at between China and Russia in the matter. order has been perfectly established in Manchuria and the Chinese authorities have become able to fully protect the life and property of foreigners in Manchuria, the Japanese Government, in common with the Russian Government, will withdraw the railway guards.
When
III. The Japanese Government will immediately inform the Chinese Govern-
171
TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN RELATING TO MANCHURIA
ment of any locality in Manchuria which is evacuated by the Japanese troops, and on receiving such information the Chinese Government is authorised to send a force of troops necessary for the maintenance of the public security and order to the locality evacuated by the Japanese troops, even before the expiration of the term specified in the Japanese-Russian Treaty for the withdrawal of the troops. In case of bandits molesting villages in the district still under occupation of the Japanese troops, the Chinese local authorities may send troops to arrest the bandits, but Chinese troops despatched on this work shall not be allowed to enter within twenty Chinese miles of the place where Japanese troops are stationed.
IV. The Japanese Government agrees to return to their respective owners all the Government or private property in Manchuria occupied or taken possession of by the Japanese army for military purposes, as Manchuria is evacuated by the troops. Even before the evacuation such property, when useless for the needs of the troops, will be returned to the respective owners.
V. The Chinese Government agrees to take all measures necessary for protecting the tombs of the Japanese soldiers killed in battle in Manchuria, and the monuments erected in commemoration of their loyalty.
The
VI. The Chinese Government agrees to the military railway constructed between Antongcheng and Mukden being transformed into a line for the transmission of merchandise of all nationals and conducted by the Japanese Government. term in which the railway will be conducted by the Japanese to be fifteen years from the date on which the transformation of the line is completed. Upon the expiry of the term, the railway will be sold to the Chinese Government, its value being decided by two experts, one to be appointed by each of the contracting parties. During the time the line is under the control of the Japanese, Chinese troops, arms, and provi- sions will be transported according to the terms of the Chinese Eastern Railway Treaty. In effecting the transformation of the railway, the Japanese authorities in charge will consult with commissioners to be appointed by the Chinese Government. Rates of freight on goods belonging to the Chinese Government or private individuals will be specially arranged.
VII. The two contracting parties agree to make arrangements as soon as possible for connecting the service of railways in South Manchuria and those in China' proper, in order to promote and facilitate the communications and transport of goods.
VIII. The Chinese Government agrees to exempt materials required for the railways in South Manchuria from all duties and lekin.
IX.-At Yingkow (Newchwang), which is already opened to foreign trade, and also in Antongcheng, Mukden, and other places in the Shingking province, which it is agreed to open to foreign trade, settlements for the exclusive use of Japanese will be established, and the provision for this purpose made by the Japanese and Chinese authorities in a special agreement.
X.-The Chinese Government agrees to a joint-stock lumber company of Japanese and Chinese being formed with a view to carrying on a business of cutting lumber in the forests on the right bank of the Yalu. The Chinese Government further agrees that the area of land where the business will be carried on, the term of the charter, the process of the formation of the company, and the articles of the business, will be determined upon in a special agreement. The interest in the company of the Japanese and Chinese shareholders will be equally divided.
XI. In regard to the trade on the frontier of Manchuria and Corea, treatment according to most-favoured-nation principle will be extended to each contracting party. XII.--The Governments of the two contracting parties agree that in all the matters specified in the Articles of the Treaty signed this day, and in the supplementary agree- ment, each party will give the most considerate treatment to the other.
This agreement will take effect from the date of signing and is to be considered as ratified with the ratification of the Treaty signed this day.
In witness whereof the contracting parties have signed and affixed their seals in duplicate in Japanese and Chinese, with due authority entrusted to them by their respective Governments.
SINO-JAPANESE TREATY RELATING TO SHANTUNG
Ratified in Tokyo on June 8th, 1915
TREATY RESPECTING THE PROVINCE OF SHANTUNG
(Signed at Peking, May 25th, 1915)
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Excellency the President of the Republic of China, being desirous to maintain the general peace of the Far East and to further strengthen the relations of amity and good neighbourhood existing between the two countries, have resolved to conclude a treaty for that purpose, and to that end have named their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:-
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, M. Eki Hioki, Jushii, Second Class of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of China; and
His Excellency the President of the Republic of China, Mr. Lu-Cheng-hsiang, Tsung-Ching, First Class of the Order of Chia-Ho, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, which were found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles :-
Art. I.-The Chinese Government engage to recognize all matters that may be agreed upon between the Japanese Government and the German Government re- specting the disposition of all the rights, interests and concessions, which, in virtue of treaties or otherwise, Germany possesses vis-à-vis China in relation to the Province of Shantung.
Art. II. The Chinese Government engage that, in case they undertake the con- struction of a railway connecting Chefoo or Lungkou with the Kiaochau-Tsinan Rail- way, they shall, in the event of Germany's surrendering her right of providing capital for the Chefoo-Weihsien railway line, enter into negotiations with Japanese capitalists for the purpose of financing the said undertaking.
Art. III. The Chinese Government engage to open, of their own accord, as early as possible, suitable cities and towns in the Province of Shantung for the residence and trade of foreigners.
Art. IV. The present Treaty shall take effect on the day of its signature.
The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and by His Excellency the President of the Republic of China, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Tokyo as soon as possible.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty made in duplicate, in Japanese and in Chinese, and have hereunto affixed their seals. Done at Peking the 25th day of the 5th month of the 4th year of Taisho, correspond- ing to the 25th day of the 5th month of the 4th year of the inauguration of the Republic of China.
EKI HIOKI,
Etc., etc., etc.
LU CHENG-HSIENG,
Etc., etc., etc.
SINO-JAPANESE TREATY RELATING TO SHANTUNG
EXCHANGE OF NOTES
173
The following Notes dealing with the Shantung Treaty were exchanged:-
Monsieur le Ministre :-
Peking, May 25th, 1915.
In the name of the Chinese Government, I have the honour to make the following declaration to your Excellency's Government :-
The Chinese Government will never lease or alienate, under any designation whatever, to any foreign Power any territory within or along the coast of the Province of Shantung or any island lying near the said coast.
His Excellency
Mr. EKI HIOKI,
I avail, etc., etc.,
LU CHENG-HSIENG, Minister of Foreign Affairs of
the Republic of China.
H. I. J. M.'s Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary.
Monsieur le Ministre :-
Peking, May 25th, 1915.
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's note of to- day's date in which you make, in the name of the Government of China, the following declaration to the Imperial Government of Japan :
The Chinese Government will never lease or alienate, under any designation whatever, to any foreign Power any territory within or along the coast of the Province of Shantung or any island lying near the said coast.
In reply I beg to state that I have taken note of this declaration.
I avail, etc., etc.,
ЕКІ НІОКІ,
His Excellency
Mr. Lu CHENG-HSIENG,
Minister of Foreign Affairs
of the Republic of China.
Monsieur le Ministre :-
H. I. J. M.'s Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary.
Peking, May 25th, 1915.
I have the honour to state that the cities and towns to be opened in accordance with the stipulation of Art. III. of the Treaty respecting Shantung Province, signed to-day, will be selected and the regulations there for will be drawn up by the Chinese Government, and will Le decided upon after consultation with the Japanese Minister
His Excellency
Mr. EKI HIOKI,
I avail, etc., etc.,
H. I. J. M.'s Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary.
LU CHENG-HSIENG, Minister of Foreign Affairs of
the Republic of China.
174
SINO-JAPANESE TREATY RESPECTING SOUTH MANCHURIA, ETC.
Monsieur le Ministre :-
Peking, May 25th, 1915.
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's note of to-day's date, in which you state that the cities and towns to be opened in accordance with the stipulation of Art. III. of the Treaty respecting Shantung Province, signed to- day, will be selected and the regulations therefor will be drawn up by the Chinese Government, and will be decided upon after consultation with the Japanese Minister.
In reply I beg to state that I have taken note of the same.
His Excellency
I avail, etc., etc.,
Mr. Lu CHENG-HSIENG,
Minister of Foreign Affairs
of the Republic of China.
EKI HIOKI,
H. I. J. M.'s Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary.
SINO-JAPANESE TREATY
RESPECTING SOUTH MAN-
CHURIA AND EASTERN INNER MONGOLIA
[Signed at Peking, May 25th, 1915]
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Excellency the President of the Republic of China, being desirous to develop the economic relations of the two coun- tries in the regions of South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia, have resolved to conclude a treaty for that purpose and to that end have named their Plenipoten- tiaries, that is to say :-
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Mr. Eki Hioki, Jushii, Second Class of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of China; and
His Excellency the President of the Republic of China, Mr. Lu Cheng-hsieng, Tsung Ching, First Class of the Order of Chia-Ho, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, which were found to be in good anl due form, have agreed upon the following articles :-
Art. I.--The High Contracting Parties mutually agree to extend the term of the lease of Port Arthur and Dairen, and the term relating to the South Manchurian Railway and the Antung-Mukden Railway, to a period of ninty-nine years respectively. Art. II. The subjects of Japan shall be permitted in South Manchuria to lease land necessary either for erecting buildings for various commercial and industrial uses or for agricultural purposes.
Art. III. The subjects of Japan shall have liberty to enter, travel and reside in South Manchuria and to carry on business of various kinds-commercial, industrial and otherwise.
Art. IV. The Government of China shall permit joint undertakings, in Eastern Inner Mongolia, of the subjects of Japan and citizens of China, in agriculture and industries auxiliary thereto.
SINO-JAPANESE TREATY RESPECTING SOUTH MANCHURIA, ETC.
175
Art. V. With respect to the three preceding Articles, the subjects of Japan shall produce before the local authorities the passports duly issued for the purpose of registration, and shall also submit themselves to the police laws and regulations and taxes of China.
Ia civil and criminal suits, the Japanese consular officer, where a Japanese subject is the defendant, and the Chinese official, where a Chinese citizen is the defendant, shall respectively try and decide the case, both the Japanese consular officer and the Chinese official being permitted each to send his agent to attend the trial of the other to watch the proceedings; provided that in civil suits arising out of land disputes between Japanese subjects and Chinese citizens the cases shall be tried and decided by the joint tribunal composed of the properly authorized officials of the two countries, in accordance with the laws and local usages of China.
In the future when the judicial system in the said regions shall have been com- pletely reformed, all civil and criminal suits involving Japanese subjects shall be wholly tried and decided by the law-courts of China.
Art. VI. The Government of China engage to open of their own accord, as early as possible, suitable cities and towns in Eastern Inner Mongolia for the residence and trade of foreigners.
Art. VII. The Government of China agree to a speedy fundamental revision of various agreements and contracts relating to the Kirin-Changchun Railway, on the basis of the terms embodied in railway loan agreements which China has heretofore entered into with various foreign capitalists.
If in future the Chinese Government grant to foreign capitalists, in matters that relate to railway loans, more advantageous terms than those in the various existing railway loan agreements, the above-mentioned Kirin-Changchun Railway Loan Agreement shall, if so desired by Japan, be further revised.
Art. VIII.--Except as otherwise provided in this Treaty, all existing treaties between Japan and China with respect to Manchuria shall remain in force.
Art. IX. The present Treaty shall take effect on the day of its signature. The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and by His Excellency the President of the Republic of China, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Tokyo as soon as possible.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty made in duplicate, in Japanese and in Chinese, and have hereunto affixed their seals.
Done at Peking the 25th day of the 5th month of the 4th year of Taisho, corresponding to the 25th day of the 5th month of the 4th year of the inaugura- tion of the Republic of China.
EKI HIOKI,
Etc., etc., etc.
LU CHENG-HSIENG,
Etc., etc., etc.
FINAL PROTOCOL MADE BETWEEN CHINA
AND ELEVEN POWERS, 1901
[Translation]
The Plenipotentiaries of Germany, Monsieur A. Mumm von Schwartzenstein; Austria-Hungary, Baron M. Czikann; Belgium, Monsieur Joostens; Spain, Monsieur B. J. de Cologan; United States, Mr. W. W. Rockhill; France, Monsieur Beau; Great Britain, Sir Ernest Satow; Italy, Marquis Salvago Raggi; Japan, Monsieur Jutaro Komuro; Netherlands, Monsieur F. M. Knobel; Russia, Monsieur Michael de Giers; and the Plenipotentaries of China, His Highness Yi-K'uang, Prince of the first rank; Ch'ing, President of the Board of Foreign Affairs; and His Excellency Li Hung-chang, Count of the first rank, Su-Yi, Tutor of the Heir Apparent, Grand Secretary of the Wên-Hua Throne Hall, Minister of Commerce, Superintendent of Trade for the North, Governor-General of Chihli, have met for the purpose of declaring that China has complied with the conditions laid down in the Note of the 22nd of December, 1900, and which were accepted in their entirety by His Majesty the Emperor of China in a Decree dated the 27th of December, 1900 (Annex No 1).
Art. I.-By an Imperial Edict of the 9th of June last (Annex No. 2) Tsai- Fêng, Prince of the first rank, Chun, was appointed Ambassador of His Majesty the Emperor of China and directed in that capacity to convey to His Majesty the Emperor of Germany the expression of the regrets of His Majesty the Emperor of China and of the Chinese Government at the assassination of His Excellency the late Baron von Ketteler, German Minister. Prince Chun left Peking the 12th of July last to carry out the orders which had been given him.
Art. II.-The Chinese Government has stated that it will erect on the spot of the assassination of H. E. the late Baron von Ketteler, a commemorative monument, worthy of the rank of the deceased, and bearing an inscription in the Latin, German and Chinese languages, which shall express the regrets of H. M. the Emperor of China for the murder committed.
The Chinese Plenipotentiaries have informed H. E. the German Plenipotentiary, in a letter dated the 22nd of July last (Annex No. 3) that an arch of the whole width of the street would be erected on the said spot, and that work on it was begun on the 25th of June last.
Art. IIa. Imperial Edicts of the 13th and 21st of February, 1901 (Annexes Nos. 4, 5 and 6), inflicted the following punishments on the principal authors of the attempts and crimes committed against the Foreign Governments and their nationals:-
Tsai-I, Prince Tuan, and Tsai-Lan, Duke Fu-kuo, were sentenced to be brought before the Autumnal Court of Assize for execution and it was agree that, if the Emperor saw fit to grant them their lives, they should be exiled to Turkestan and there imprisoned for life, without the possibility of commutation of these punishments. Tsai Hsün, Prince Chuang, Ying-Nien, President of the Court of Censors; and Chao Shu-chiao, President of the Board of Punishments, were condemned to commit suicide.
Yü Hsien, Governor of Shansi; Ch'i Hsiu, President of the Board of Rites; and Hsü Ch'êng-yú, formerly senior Vice-President of the Board of Punishments, were condemned to death.
Posthumous degradation was inflicted on K'ang Yi, Assistant Grand Secretary, President of the Board of Works; Hsu Tung, Grand Secretary; and Li Ping-hêng, former Governor-General of Szu-ch'uan.
177
FINAL PROTOCOL BETWEEN CHINA AND ELEVEN POWERS, 1901
Imperial Edict of February 13th, 1901 (Annex No. 7), rehabilitated the memories of Hsû Yung-yi, President of the Board of War; Li Shan, President of the Board of Works; Hsû Ching-ch'êng, Senior Vice-President of the Board of Civil Office; Lien Yüan, Vice-Chancellor of the Grand Council; and Yuan Ch'ang. Vice-President of the Court of Sacrifices, who had been put to death for having protested against the outrageous breaches of International Law of last year.
Prince Chuang committed suicide on the 21st of February, 1901: Ying Nien and Chao Shu-chiao on the 24th, Yû-Hsien was executed on the 22nd, Ch'i-Hsiu and Hsü Ch'êng-yü on the 26th, Tung Fu-hsiang, General in Kansu, has been deprived of his office by Imperial Edict of the 13th of February, 1901, pending the determination of the final punishment to be inflicted on him.
Imperial Edicts dated the 29th April and the 19th August, 1901, have inflicted various punishments on the provincial officials convicted of the crimes and outrages of last summer.
Art. IIb.-An Imperial Edict promulgated the 19th August, 1901 (Annex No. 8), ordered the suspension of official examinations for five years in all cities where foreigners were inassacred or submitted to cruel treatment.
Art. III.-So as to make honourable reparation for the assassination of Mr. Sugiyama, Chancellor of the Japanese Legation, H.M. the Emperor of China by an Imperial Edict of the 18th of June, 1901 (Annex No. 9), appointed Na Tung, Vice-President of the Board of Finances, to be his Envoy Extraordinary, and specially directed him to convey to H.M. the Emperor of Japan the expression of the regret of H.M. the Emperor of China and of his Government at the assassination of Mr. Sugiyama.
Art. IV. The Chinese Government has agreed to erect an expiatory monument in each of the foreign or international cemeteries which were desecrated or in which the tombs were destroyed.
It has been agreed with the Representatives of the Powers that the Legations interested shall settle the details for the erection of these monuments, China bearing all the expenses thereof, estimated at ten thousand Taels for the cemeteries at Peking and in its neighbourhood, and at five thousand Taels for cemeteries in the Provinces. The amounts have been paid and the list of these cemeteries is enclosed herewith (Annex No. 10).
Art. V.-China has agreed to prohibit the importation into its territory of arms and ammunition as well as of materials exclusively used for the manufacture of arms and ammunition.
An Imperial Edict has been issued on the 25th of August, 1901 (Annex No. 11), forbidding said importation for a term of two years. New Edicts may be issued subsequently extending this by other successive terms of two years in case of necessity recognised by the Powers.
Art. VI. By an Imperial Edict dated the 22nd of May, 1901 (Annex No. 12), H. M. the Emperor of China agreed to pay the Powers an indemnity of four hundred and fifty millions of Haikwan Taels.
This sum represents the total amount of the indemnities for States, Companies. or Societies, private individuals and Chinese referred to in Article VI. of the Note of December 22nd, 1900.
(a) These four hundred and fifty millions constitute a gold debt calculated at the rate of the Haikwan Tael to the gold currency of each country as indicated below:-
Haikwan Tael-Mark
Austro-Hungary crown Gold dollar
Franc
Pound sterling
Yen ...
Netherlands florin Gold rouble
:
:
:
:
3.055
3.595
0.742
3.740
£0. 3s. Od.
1.407 1.796
1.412
1
178
FINAL PROTOCOL BETWEEN CHINA AND ELEVEN POWERS, 1901
This sum in gold shall bear interest at 4 per cent. per annum, and the capital shall be reimbursed by China in thirty-nine years in the manner indicated in the annexed plan of amortization (Annex No. 13). Capital and interest shall be payable in gold or at the rates of exchange corresponding to the dates at which the different payments shall fall due.
The amortization shall commence the 1st of January, 1902, and shall finish at the end of the year 1940. The amortizations are payable annually, the first payment being fixed on the first of January, 1903.
Interest shall run from the first of July, 1901, but the Chinese Government shall have the right to pay off within a term of three years, beginning. January, 1902, the arrears of the first six months ending the 31st of December, 1901, on condition, however, that it pays compound interest at the rate of four per cent. per annum on the sums, the payments of which shall have been thus deferred.
Interest shall be payable semi-annually, the first payment being fixed on
the 1st of July, 1902.
(b) The service of the debt shall take place in Shanghai in the following
manner:-
Each Power shall be represented by a delegate on a commission of bankers authorised to receive the amount of interest and amortization which shall be paid to it by the Chinese Authorities designated for that purpose, to divide it among the interested parties and to give a receipt for the same. (c) The Chinese Government shall deliver to the Doyen of the Diplomatic Corps at Peking a bond for the lump sum, which shall subsequently be converted into fractional bonds bearing the signature of the delegates of the Chinese Government designated for that purpose. This operation and all those relating to issuing of the bonds shall be performed by the above-mentioned Commission, in accordance with the instructions which the Powers shall send their delegates.
(d) The proceeds of the revenues assigned to the payment of the bonds
shall be paid monthly to the Commission.
(e) The revenues assigned as security for the bonds are the following:- (1.) The balance of the revenues of the Imperial Maritime Customs after payment of the interest and amortization of preceding loans secured on those revenues, plus the proceeds of the raising to five per cent. effective of the present tariff on maritime imports, including articles until now on the free list, but exempting rice, foreign cereals and flour, gold and silver bullion and coin.
(2.) The revenues of the native Customs, administered in the open ports by
the Imperial Maritime Customs.
(3.) The total revenues of the salt gabelle, exclusive of the fraction previously
set aside for other foreign loans.
The raising of the present tariff on imports to five per cent. effective is- agreed to on conditions mentioned below. It shall be put in force two months after the signing of the present Protocol, and no exceptions shall be made except for merchandise in transit not more than ten days after the said signing.
(1.) All duties levied on imports ad valorem shall be converted as far as
possible and as soon as may be into specific duties.
This conversion shall be made in the following manner:-The average value of merchandise at the time of their landing during the three years 1897, 1898 and 1899, that is to say, the market price less the amount of import duties and incidental expenses, shall be taken as the basis for the valuation of merchandise.
FINAL PROTOCOL BETWEEN CHINA AND ELEVEN POWERS, 1901
179
Pending the result of the work of conversion, duties shall be levied ad valorem.
(2.) The beds of the rivers Whangpoo and Peiho shall be improved with the
financial participation of China.
Art. VII.--The Chinese Government has agreed that the quarter occupied by the Legations shall be considered as one specially reserved for their use and placed under their exclusive control, in which Chinese shall not have the right to reside and which may be made defensible.
The limits of this quarter have been fixed as follows on the annexed plan (Annex No. 14.)-
On the East, Ketteler Street (10, 11, 12).
On the North, the line 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
On the West, the line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
On the South, the line 12-1 drawn along the exterior base of the
Tartar wall and following the line of the bastions.
In the Protocol annexed to the letter of the 16th of January, 1901, China recognised the right of each Power to maintain a permanent guard in the said quarter for the defence of its Legation.
Art. VIII. The Chinese Government has consented to raze the forts of Taku aud those which might impede free communication between Peking and the sea. Steps have been taken for carrying this out.
Art. IX. The Chinese Government conceded the right to the Powers in the Protocol annexed to the letter of the 16th of January, 1901, to occupy certain points, to be determined by an agreement between them for the maintenance of open com- munication between the capital and the sea. The points occupied by the Powers are:-Huang-ts'un, Lang-fang, Yang-ts'un, Tientsin, Chün-liang-Ch'eng, Tong-ku, Lu-t'ai, Tong-shan, Lan-chou, Chang-li, Ch'in-wang Tao, Shanhai-kwan.
Art. X.-The Chinese Government has agreed to post and to have published during two years in all district cities the following Imperial Edicts:-
(a) Edict of the 1st of February, 1901 (Annex No. 15), prohibiting for
ever, under pain of death, membership in an anti-foreign society. (b) Edicts of the 13th and 21st of February, 29th of April and 19th of August, 1901, enumerating the punishments inflicted on the guilty. (c) Edict of the 19th of August, 1901, prohibiting examinations in all cities
where foreigners were massacred or subjected to cruel treatment. (d) Edict of the 1st of February, 1901 (Annex No. 16), declaring all Governors-General, Governors aud Provincial or local officials responsible for order in their respective districts, and that in case of new anti-foreign troubles or other infractions of the Treaties which shall not be immedi- ately repressed and the authors of which shall not have been punished, these officials shall be immediately dismissed without possibility of being given new functions or new honours.
The posting of these Edicts is being carried on throughout the Empire. Art. XI.-The Chinese Government has agreed to negotiate the amendments deemed necessary by the Foreign Governments to the Treaties of Commerce and Navigation and the other subjects concerning commercial relations with the object of facilitating them.
At present, and as a result of the stipulation contained in Article VI. concern- ing the indemnity, the Chinese Government agrees to assist in the improvement of the courses of the rivers Peiho and Whangpoo, as stated below:
(a) The works for the improvement of the navigability of the Peiho, begun in 1898 with the co-operation of the Chinese Government, have been resumed under the direction of an International Commission. As soon as the administration of Tientsin shall have been handed back to the Chinese Government it will be in a position to be represented on this
180
FINAL PROTOCOL BETWEEN CHINA AND ELEVEN POWERS, 1901
Commission, and will pay each year a sum of 60,000 Haikwan Taels for maintaining the works.
(b) A Conservancy Board, charged with the management and control of the works for straightening the Whangpoo and the improvement of the course of that river, is hereby created.
This Board shall consist of members representing the interests of the Chinese Government and those of foreigners in the shipping trade of Shanghai.
The expenses incurred for the works and the general management of the under- taking are estimated at the annual sum of 460,000 Haikwan Taels for the first twenty years. This sum shall be supplied in equal portions by the Chinese Government and the foreign interests concerned. Detailed stipulations concerning the composition, duties and revenues of the Conservancy Board are embodied in Annex No. 17.
Art. XII.--An Imperial Edict of the 24th of July, 1901 (Annex No. 18), reformed the Office of Foreign Affairs, Tsungli Yamen, on the lines indicated by the Powers, that is to say, transformed it into a Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Waiwupu, which takes precedence over the six other Ministries of State: the same Edict appointed the principal members of this Ministry.
An agreement has also been reached concerning the modification of Court Ceremonial as regards the reception of the Foreign Representatives, and has been the subject of several Notes from the Chinese Plenipotentiaries, the substance of which has been embodied in a memorandum herewith annexed (Annex No. 19).
Finally it is expressly understood that as regards the declarations specified above and the annexed documents originating with the foreign Plenipotentiaries, the French text only is authoritative.
The Chinese Government having thus complied to the satisfaction of the Powers- with the conditions laid down in the above-mentioned Note of December 22nd, 1900, the Powers have agreed to accede to the wish of China to terminate the situation created by the disorders of the summer of 1900. In consequence thereof the foreign Plenipotentiaries are authorised to declare in the names of their Governments that, with the exception of the Legation guards mentioned in Article VII., the Interna- tional troops will completely evacuate the city of Peking on the 17th of September, 1901, and, with the exception of the localities mentioned in Article IX., will withdraw from the Province of Chihli on the 22nd of September, 1901.
The present Final Protocol has been drawn up in twelve identical copies and signed by all the Plenipotentiaries of the contracting countries. One copy shall be given to each of the Foreign Plenipotentiaries, and one copy shall be given to the Chinese Plenipotentiaries.
(Signed) A. VON MUMM.
M. CZIKANN.
>1
JOOSTENS.
""
B. J. DE COLogan.
"1
""
""
""
""
W. W. ROCKHILL.
BEAU.
ERNEST SATOW.
SALVAGO RAGGI.
JUTARO KOMURA.
""
F. M. KNOBEL.
""
M. DE GIERS.
""
YI K'UANG.
"
LI HUNG-CHANG.
Certified copy.
(Signed)
""
""
A. D'ANTHOUARD.
B. KROUPENSKY.
REGINALD Tower.
VON BOHLENUND HALBACK.
TREATY OF
KOREA
ANNEXATION TO JAPAN
CONCLUDED 29TH AUGUST, 1910
DECLARATION
Notwithstanding the earnest and laborious work of reforms in the adminis- tration of Korea in which the Government of Japan and Korea have been engaged for more than four years since the conclusion of the agreement of 1905, the existing system of Government in that country has not proved entirely equal to the duty of preserving public order and tranquillity, and in addition a spirit of suspicion and misgiving dominates the whole peninsula. In order to maintain peace and stability in Korea, to promote the prosperity and welfare of Koreans and at the same time to ensure the safety and repose of foreign residents, it has been made abundantly clear that fundamental changes in the actual régime of Government are absolutely essential. The Government of Japan and Korea being convinced of the urgent necessity of introducing reforms respective to the requirements of the situation and of furnishing sufficient guarantees for the future, have, with the approval of His Majesty the Emperor of Korea, concluded through their respective Plenipotentiaries a Treaty providing for the complete annexation of Korea to the Empire of Japan. By virtue of that important act, which shall take effect on its promulgation, the Imperial Government of Japan undertake the entire government and administration of Korea, and they hereby declare that the matters relating to foreigners and foreign trade in Korea shall be conducted in accordance with the following rules:-
1.--The Treaties hitherto concluded by Korea with Foreign Powers ceasing to be operative, Japan's existing treaties will, so far as practicable, be applied in Korea. Foreigners resident in Korea will, as far as conditions permit, enjoy the same rights and immunities as in Japan proper and the protection of their legally acquired rights, subject in all cases to the jurisdiction of Japan. The Imperial Government of Japan are ready to consent that the jurisdiction in respect of cases actually pend- ing in any foreign Consular Courts in Korea at the time the Treaty of Annexation takes effect shall remain in such Courts until final decision.
2.-Independently of any conventional engagements formerly existing on the subject, the Imperial Government of Japan will for a period of ten years levy upon goods imported into Korea from foreign countries or exported from Korea to foreign countries and upon foreign vessels entering any of the open ports of Korea the same import or export duties and the same tonnage dues as under the existing schedules. The same import or export duties and tonnage dues as those to be levied upon the aforesaid goods and vessels will also for a period of ten years be applied in respect of goods imported into Korea from Japan or exported from Korea to Japan and Japanese vessels.
3.-The Imperial Government of Japan will also permit for a period of ten years vessels under the flags of Powers having treaties with Japan to engage in the coasting trade between the open ports of Korea and between those ports and any open ports of Japan.
·182
TREATY OF ANNEXATION TO JAPAN
4. The existing open ports of Korea, with the exception of Masampo, will be continued as open ports, and in addition Shinwiju will be newly opened, so that vessels, foreign as well as Japanese, will there be admitted and goods may be im. portel into and exported from those ports.
TREATY
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of Korea, having in view the special and close relations between their respective countries, desiring to promote the common weal of the two nations and to assure permanent peace in the Extreme East, being convinced that these objects can be best attained by the annexation of Korea to the Empire of Japan, have resolved to conclude a treaty of such annexation and have for that purpose appointed as their plenipoten- tiaries, that is to say: His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Viscount Masakata Terauchi, His Resident General; and His Majesty the Emperor of Korea, Ye Wan Yong, His Minister President of State, who, upon mutual conference and deliberation, have agreed to the following Articles :-
I-His Majesty the Emperor of Korea makes complete and permanent cession to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan of all rights of sovereignty over the whole
of Korea.
II. His Majesty the Emperor of Japan accepts the concession mentioned in the preceding Article and consents to the complete annexation of Korea to the Empire of Japan.
III. His Majesty the Emperor of Japan will accord to their Majesties the Emperor and Ex-Emperor and His Imperial Highness the Crown Prince of Korea and their consorts and heirs such titles, dignity and honour as are appropriate to their respective ranks, and sufficient annual grants will be made for the maintenance of such titles, dignity and honour.
IV. His Majesty the Emperor of Japan will also accord appropriate honour and treatment to the members of the Imperial House of Korea and their heirs other than those mentioned in the preceding Articles, and the funds necessary for the mainten- ance of such honour and treatment will be granted.
V. His Majesty the Emperor of Japan will confer peerages and monetary grants upon those Koreans who on account of meritorious services are regarded as deserving such special recognition.
VI.-In consequence of the aforesaid annexation the Government of Japan as- sume the entire government and administration of Korea and undertake to afford full protection for the persons and property of Koreans obeying the laws there in force and to promote the welfare of all such Koreans.
VII.----The Government of Japan will, so far as circumstances permit, employ in the public service of Japan in Korea those Koreans who accept the new régime loyally and in good faith and who are duly qualified for such service.
VIII. The Treaty, having been approved by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor or Korea, shall take effect from the date of its promulgation.
REGULATIONS UNDER WHICH BRITISHI TRADE IS
TO BE CONDUCTED IN COREA (CHOSEN)
I.-Entrance and Clearance of Vessels
1. Within forty-eight hours (exclusive of Sundays and holidays) after the arrival of a British ship in a Corean port, the master shall deliver to the Corean Customs authorities the receipt of the British Consul showing that he has deposited the ship's papers at the British Consulate, and he shall then make an entry of this ship by handing in a written paper stating the name of the ship, of the port from which she comes, of her master, the number, and, if required, the names of her passengers, her tonnage, and the number of her crew, which paper shall be certified by the master to be a true statement, and shall be signed by him. He shall, at the same time, deposit a written manifest of his cargo, setting forth the marks and numbers of the packages and their contents as they are described in the bills of lading, with the names of the persons to whom they are consigned. The master shall certify that this description is correct, and shall sign his name to the same. When a vessel has been duly entered, the Customs authorities will issue a permit to open hatches, which shall be exhibited to the Customs officer on board. Breaking bulk without having obtained such permission will render the master liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred Mexican Dollars.
2. If any error is discovered in the manifest, it may be corrected within twenty- four hours (exclusive of Sundays and holidays) of its being handed in, without the payment of any fee; but for alteration or post entry to the manifest made after that time a fee of Five Mexican Dollars shall be paid.
3.-Any master who shall neglect to enter his vessel at the Corean Custom-house within the time fixed by this Regulation shall pay a penalty not exceeding Fifty Mexican Dollars for every twenty-four hours that he shall so neglect to enter his ship.
4.-Any British vessel which remains in port for less than forty-eight hours (exclusive of Sundays and holidays) and does not open her hatches, also any vessel' driven into port by stress of weather, or only in want of supplies, shall not be required to enter or pay tonnage dues so long as such vessel does not engage in trade.
5.--When the master of a vessel wishes to clear, he shall hand in to the Customs authorities an export manifest containing similar particulars to those given in the import manifest. The Customs authorities will then issue a clearance certificate and return the Consul's receipt for the ship's papers. These documents must be handed into the Consulate before the ship's papers are returned to the master.
6.-Should any ship leave the port without clearing outwards in the manner above prescribed, the master shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Two Hundred Mexican Dollars.
7.-British steamers may enter and clear on the same day, and they shall not be required to hand in a manifest except for such goods as are to be landed or transhipped- at the port of entry.
184
REGULATIONS FOR BRITISH TRADE WITH COREA
II.-Landing and Shipping Cargo and Payment of Duties
1. The importer of any goods who desires to land them shall make and sign an application to that effect at the Custom-house, stating his own name, the name of the ship in which the gools have been imported, the marks, numbers, and contents of the packages and their values, and declaring that this statement is correct. The Customs authorities may demand the production of the invoice of each consignment of merchandise. If it is not produced, or if its absence is not satisfactorily accounted for, the owner shall be allowed to land his goods on payment of double the Tariff duty, but the surplus duty so levied shall be refunded on the production of the invoice.
2. All goods so entered may be examined by the Customs officers of the places appointed for the purpose. Such examination shall be made without delay or injury to the merchandise, and the packages shall be at once re-sorted by the Customs authorities to their original condition, in so far as may be practicable.
3.--Should the Customs authorities consider the value of any goods paying an ad valorem duty as declared by the importer or exporter insufficient, they shall call upon him to pay duty on the value determined by an appraisement to be made by the Customs appraiser. But should the importer or exporter he dissatisfied with that appraisement, he shall within twenty-four hours (exclusive of Sundays and holidays) state his reasons for such dissatisfaction to the Commissioner of Customs, and shall appoint an appraiser of his own to make a re-appraisement. He shall then declare the value of the goods as determined by such re-appraisement. The Commissioner of Customs will thereupon, at his option, either assess the duty on the value deter- mined by this re-appraisement, or will purchase the gcods from the importer or exporter at the price thus determined, with the addition of five per cent. In the latter case the purchase money shall be paid to the importer or exporter within five days from the date on which he has declared the value determined by his own appraiser.
4.-Upou all goods damaged on the voyage of importation a fair reduction of duty shall be allowed, proportionate to their deterioration. If any disputes arise as to the amount of such reduction, they shall be settled in the manner pointed out in the preceding clause.
5. All goods intended to be exported shall be entered at the Corean Custom- house before they are shipped. The application to ship shall be made in writing, and shall state the name of the vessel by which the goods are to be exported, the marks and number of the packages, and the quantity, description, and value of the contents. The exporter shall certify in writing that the application gives a true account of all the goods contained therein, and shall sign his name thereto.
6. No goods shall be landed or shipped at other places than those fixed by the Corean Customs authorities, or between the hours of sunset and sunrise, or on Sundays or holidays, without the special permission of the Customs authorities, who will be entitled to reasonable fees for the extra duty thus performed..
7.-Claims by importers or exporters for duties paid in excess, or by the Customs authorities for duties which have not been fully paid, shall be entertained only when made within thirty days from the date of payment.
8. No entry will be required in the case of provisions for the use of British ships, their crews and passengers, nor for the baggage of the latter which may be landed or shipped at any time after examination by the Customs officers.
9. .-Vessels needing repairs may land their cargo for that purpose without the payment of duty. All goods so landed shall remain in charge of the Corean Autho- rities, and all just charges for storage, labour, and supervision shall be paid by the master. But if any portion of such cargo be sold, the duties of the Tariff shall be paid on the portion so disposed of.
REGULATIONS FOR BRITISH TRADE WITH COREA
185
10.-Any person desiring to tranship cargo shall obtain a permit from the Customs authorities before doing so.
III.-Protection of the Revenue
1.-The Customs authorities shall have the right to place Customs officers on board any British merchant vessel in their ports. All such Customs officers shall have access to all parts of the ship in which cargo is stowed. They shall be treated with civility, and such reasonable accommodation shall be allowed to them as the ship affords.
2.-The hatches and all other places of entrance into that part of the ship where cargo is stowed may be secured by the Corean Customs officers between the hours of sunset and sunrise, and on Sundays and holidays, by affixing seals, locks, or other fastenings, and if any person shall, without due permission, wilfully open any entrance that has been so secured, or break any seal, lock, or other fastening that has been affixed by the Corean Customs officers, not only the person so offending, but the master of the ship also, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding One Hundred Mexican Dollars.
3-Any British subject who ships, or attempts to ship, or discharges, or attempts to discharge, goods which have not been duly entered at the Custom-house in the manner above provided, or packages containing goods different from those described in the import or export permit application, or prohibited goods, shall forfeit twice the value of such goods, and the goods shall be confiscated.
4. Any person signing a false declaration or certificate with the intent to defraud the revenue of Corea shall be liable to a fine not exceeding Two Hundred Mexican Dollars.
5.-Any violation of any provision of these Regulations, to which no penalty is specially attached therein, may be punished by a fine not exceeding One Hundred Mexican Dollars.
Note.-All documents required by these Regulations, and all other communications addressed to the Corean Customs authorities, may be written in the English language.
[L.S.]
HARRY S. PARKES.
""
MIN YONG-MOK.
681
COREAN TARIFF
IMPORTS
No.
1 Agricultural implements
2 Álum
3
Amber
4
5
Anchors and chains
Arms, ammunition, fire-arms, fowling- pieces, or sidearms imported under special permit of the Corean Govern- ment for sporting purposes or for self- defence
6 Artificial flowers
7 Bamboo, split or not
8 Bark for tanning
10 Beer, porter, and cider
...
:
11 Beverages, such as lemonade, ginger-
9
Beans, peas, and pulse, all kinds
beer, soda and mineral waters
12
Birds' nests
13 Blankets and rugs
14 Bones
55
54
Felt
Fire engines
Ad valorem
ARTICLE.
Rate of Duty. Per cent.
No.
Free
50
Enamel-ware
5
51
20
5
52
Explosives used for mining, &c.,
imported under special permit
Fans, all kinds
53
Feathers, all kinds
Ad valorem
ARTICLE.
Rate of Duty.
Per cent.
20
and
10
...
7}
:
:
7}
7}
Free
56
Fireworks
...
20
10
22052
57
Fish, fresh
20 58
dried and salted
"
59
Flax, hemp, and jute...
60
Flints
...
61
Floor rugs, all kinds
62
Flour and meal, all kinds
63
Foil, gold and silver
:
71 64
31
tin, copper, and all other kinds...
20
65
7
66
dried, salted, or preserved
δ
67
15 Books, maps, and charts
16 Bricks and tiles
Free
...
68
5
17 Bullion, being gold or silver refined
Free
69
18 Buttons, buckles, hooks and eyes, &c. 7 19 Camphor, crude
70
5
71
20
refined
99
10
21 Candles
71
72
22 Canvas
23 Carmine
10
21 Carpets of jute, hemp, or felt, patent
tapestry
བབ
Fruit, fresh, all kinds
""
Furniture of all kinds
Furs, superior, as sable, sea otter, seal,
otter, beaver, &c.
Gamboge
Ginseng, red, white, crude, and clarified 20 Glass, window, plain and coloured, all
qualities
...
Glass, plate, silvered or unsilvered,
framed or unframed...
73
Glassware, all kinds...
74 Glue
:
:
71
75
25 Carpets, superior quality, as Brussels, Kidderminster, and other kinds not
26 Carpets, velvet
enumerated
27
Carriages...
28 Cement, as Portland and other kinds
29
Charcoal...
30 Chemicals, all kinds...
31
Clocks and parts thereof
10
...
32 Clothing and wearing apparel, all kinds,
hats, boots and shoes, &c.
33 Clothing and wearing apparel made
wholly of silk...
31 Coal and coke
002280
79
22
7 80 7/1/
7/1 82
""
10
83
71
84
85
10
...
86
Isinglass, all kinds
5
87
Ivory, manufactured or not
35
Cochineal
20
88
Jade-ware
36
Cocoons
...
7
89
Jewellery, real or imitation
...
37 Coins, gold and silver
Free
90
Kerosine, or petroleum, and other
38
Confectioneries and sweetmeats, all kinds 10
minerial oils
39 Coral, manufactured or not
20
91
Lacquered-ware, common ...
40 Cordage and rope, all kinds and sizes...
71 92
"
superior
41
('otton, raw
5
93
Lamps, all kinds
42
Cotton manufacture, all kinds...
7 94
43
Cotton and woollen mixtures, all kinds
7號
95
.41
Cotton and silk mixtures, all kinds
7 96
.45 Cutlery, all kinds
...
7
46 Drugs, all kinds
5
97 Leather manufactures, all kinds
47 Dyes, colours, and paints, paint oils,
98
Lime
48
and materials used for mixing paints Earthenware
7
7
49 Embroideries in gold, silver, or silk
20
...
***
Grain and corn, all kinds
76 Grasscloth, and all textiles in hemp,
jute, &c.
77 Guano and manures, all kinds 78 Hair, all kinds except human
human...
ornaments, gold and silver
:
:
81 Hides and skins, raw and undressed
tanned and dressed
Horns and hoofs all kinds not otherwise
provided for
Incense sticks
India-rubber, manufactured or not
71
Lanterns, paper.....
•
Leather, all ordinary kinds, plain...
superior kinds, and stamped, figured, or coloured...
...
99 Linen, linen and cotton, linen and wool- len mixtures, linen and silk mixtures, all kinds
7)
71
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71
74
7}
7}
7}
No.
ARTICLE.
Ad valorem Rate of Duty. Per cent.
No.
100 Matches
5
101 Matting, floor, Chinese, Japanese, coir,
COREAN TARIFF
ARTICLE.
187
Ad valorem Rate of Duty.
Per eent.
147 Scientific instruments, as physical, ma- thematical, meteorological, and sur-
103
Meat, fresh...
&c., common qualities
102 Matting, superior qualities, Japanese
"tatamis," &c.
104 Meat, dried and salted...
5
gical, and their appliances
...
148
Seals, materials for...
757
7
149
7호
150
Seeds, all kinds
105 Medicines, all kinds not otherwise
provided for
151
5
152
...
Sea products, as seaweed, bêche-de-mer,
&c.
Silk, raw, reeled, thrown, floss or waste Silk manufactures, as gauze, crape,
...
Free 10
71 5
7
106 Metals, all kinds, in pig, block, ingot, slab, bar, rod, plate, sheet, hoop, strip, band and flat, T and angle-iron, old and scrap iron...
107 Metals, all kinds, pipe or tube, cor- rugated or galvanized, wire, steel, tin- plates. quicksilver, nickel, platina, German silver, yellow metal, tuten- auge or white copper, unrefined gold and silver
Japanese amber lustrings, satins, satin damasks, figured satins, Japanese white silk ("habutai")
10
5
153
Silk manufactures not otherwise pro-
vided for
10
154 Silk thread and floss silk in skein...
10
155 Soap, common qualities
10
156 Soap, superior qualities
71
157 Soy, Chinese and Japanese
:
7
158 Spectacles
5
71
108 Metal manufactures, all kinds, as nails, screws, tools, machinery, railway plant,
159 Spices, all kinds
20
160 Spirits, in jars
7
...
and hardware...
7
161
109 Models of inventions
Free
Spirits and liqueurs, in wood or bottle,
all kinds
20
110 Mosquito netting, not made of silk
7
162
111
made of silk...
10
Stationery and writing materials, all
kinds, blank books, &c.
7
112 Musical boxes...
10
163
Stones and slate, cut and dressed...
7
113 Musical instruments, all kinds
10
164
116
114 Musk
115 Needles and pins...
Oil-cake
20
71 165
Sugar candy
166
Sulphur
5
167
117 Oils, vegetable, all kinds
7
...
118 Oil, wood (Tung-yu)...
5
168
...
Sugar, brown and white, all qualities,
molasses, and syrups...
Table stores, all kinds, and preserved
provisions
Tallow
10
:
7
*
119 Oil, and floor cloth, all kinds
71
169
Tea
...
120 Packing bags, packing matting, tea- lead, and ropes for packing goods
170
Telescopes and binocular glasses
10
Free
171
Tobacco, all kinds and forms...
121 Paper, common qualities
5
172
Tortoise shell, manufactured or not
20
122
all kinds, not otherwise provided
173
Tooth powder...
10
for
71
...
174
Travellers' baggage...
124 Pearls
...
123 Paper, coloured, fancy, wall and hanging
125 Pepper, unground...
10
175
Trunks and portmanteaux
10
20
176
Twine and thread, all kinds, excepting
5
in silk
126
Perfumes and scent
20
177
Types, new and old
127 Photographic apparatus
10
178
Umbrellas, paper
128 Pictures, prints, photographs, engrav- ings, all kinds framed or unframed...
179
cotton
وو
10
180
silk
10
...
129 Pitch and tar
5
181
130
Plauks, soft
71
182
Varnishi
131
hard
10
""
183
142
Salt
132 Plants, trees and shrubs, all kinds
133 Plate, gold and silver
134 Plated-ware, all kinds...
135 Porcelain, common qualities
136
superior qualities
137 Precious stones, all kinds, set or unset
139 Rattans, split or not
139 Rhinoceros horns
140 Resin
141 Saddlery and harness
143 Samples in reasonable quantities 144 Sapanwood
145 Scales and balances...
146 Scented wood, all kinds
Free
...
184
20
185
Umbrella frames
Vegetables, fresh, dried, and salted Velvet, silk...
Vermicelli
:
20
...
10
186
Vermilion
10
:
7
187
Watches, and parts thereof in common
10
***
...
metal, nickel, or silver
:
10
20
188
Watches, in gold or gilt
201
...
5
189
Wax, bees' or vegetable
::
20
190
cloth...
7
191
10
192
Wines in wood or bottle, all kinds Wood or timber, soft
10
71
193
hard
10
""
"
Free
194
71
195
5
:
20
kinds
...
...
Wool, sheep's, raw......
Woollen manufactures, all kinds
196 Woollen and silk mixtures,
...
::
all
For Ferogaaga Ferro ostrotoar è
7
71
71
7
200
5
Free
5
71
71
7}
5
7ཎྜཱ
7
71.
5
7
7
188
COREAN TARIFF
No.
ARTICLE.
Ad valorem
Rate of Duty.
Per cent.
20
197 Works of art
198 Yarns, all kinds, in cotton, wool, hemp,
&c.
All unenumerated articles, raw or un-
manufactured ...
...
...
5
All unenumerated articles, partly manu-
factured
71
10
Al unenumerated articles, completely
manufactured...
Foreign ships, when sold in Corea, will pay a duty of 25 cents per ton on sailing vessels, and 50 cents per ton on steamers.
Prohibited Goods.
Adulterated drugs or medicines.
Arms, munitions, and implements of war, as ordnance, or cannon, shot and shell, firearms of all kinds, cartridges, side-arms, spears or pikes, saltpetre, gunpowder, guncotton, dynamite, and other explosive substances.
The Corean authorities will grant special permits for the importation of arms, firearms, and ammunition for purposes of sport or self-defence on satisfactory proof being furnished to them of the bona fide character of the application.
Counterfeit coins, all kinds.
Opium, except medicinal opium.
EXPORTS
CLASS I.
Duty-Free Export Gonds. Bullion, being gold and silver refined, Coins, gold and silver, all kinds, Plants, trees, and shrubs, all kinds. Samples in reasonable quantity. Traveller's baggage.
CLASS II.
All other native goods or productions not enumerated in Class I. will pay an ad valorem duty of five per cent.
bited.
The exportation of red ginseng is prohi
RULES
I.In the case of imported articles the ad valorem duties of this Tariff will be calculated on the actual cost of the goods at the place of production or fabrication, with the addition of freight, insurance, etc. In the case of export articles the ad valorem duties will be calculated on market values in Corea.
II. Duties may be paid in Mexican Dollars or Japanese silver Yen.
III. The above Tariff of import and export duties shall be converted, as soon as possible and as far as may be deemed desirable, into specific rates by agreement between the competent authorities of the two countries.
[L.S.]
HARRY S. PARKES.
MIN YONG-MOK.
TREATIES WITH JAPAN
GREAT BRITAIN
TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION BETWEEN
GREAT BRITAIN AND JAPAN
SIGNED AT LONDON, 16TH JULY, 1894
Ratifications Exchanged at Tokyo, 25th August, 1891
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, being equally desirous of maintaining the relations of good understanding which happily exist between them, by extending and increasing the intercourse between their respective States, and being convinced that this object cannot better be accomplished than by revising the Treaties hitherto existing between the two countries, have resolved to complete such a revision, based upon principles of equity and mutual benefit, and, for that purpose, have named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :-
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, the Right Honourable John, Earl of Kimberley, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, etc., etc., Her Britannic Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs;
And His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Viscount Aoki Siuzo, Junii, First Class of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of St. James';
Who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles :-
Article I.-The subjects of each of the two high contracting parties shall have full liberty to enter, travel, or reside in any part of the dominions and possessions of the other contracting party, and shall enjoy full and perfect protection for their persons and property.
They shall have free and easy access to the Courts of Justice in pursuit and defence of their rights; they shall be at liberty equally with native subjects to choose and employ lawyers, advocates, and representatives to pursue and defend their rights before such Courts, and in all other matters connected with the administration of justice they shall enjoy all the rights and privileges enjoyed by native subjects.
In whatever relates to rights of residence and travel; to the possession of goods and effects of any kind; to the succession to personal estate, by will or otherwise, and the disposal of property of any sort in any manner whatsoever which they may lawfully acquire, the subjects of each contracting party shall enjoy in the dominions and possessions of the other the sam privileges, iiberties, and rights, and shall be subject to no higher imposts, or charges in these respects than native subjects, or subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. The subjects of each of the contracting parties shall enjoy in the dominions and possessions of the other entire liberty of conscience, and, subject to the Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations, shall enjoy the right of private or public exercise of their worship, and also the right of burying their respective countrymen, according to their religious customs, in such suitable and convenient places as may be established and maintained for that purpose. They shall not be compelled, under any pretext whatsoever, to pay any charges or taxes other or higher than those that are, or may be, paid by native subjects, or subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation.
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TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND JAPAN
Article II. The subjects of either of the contracting parties residing in the dominions and possessions of the other shall be exempted from all compulsory military service whatsoever, whether in the army, navy, national guards, or militia, from all contributions imposed in lieu of personal service; and from all forced loan or military exactions or contributions.
Article III. There shall be reciprocal freedom of commerce and navigation between the dominions and possessions of the two high contracting parties.
The subjects of each of the high contracting parties may trade in any part of the dominions and possessions of the other by wholesale or retail in all kinds of produce, manufactures, and merchandize of lawful commerce, either in person or by agents, singly, or in partnership with foreigners or native subjects: and they may there own or hire and occupy the houses, manufactories, warehouses, shops, and premises which may be necessary for them, and lease land for residential and commercial purposes, conforming themselves to the Laws, Police, and Customs- Regulations of the country like native subjects.
They shall have liberty to come with their ships and cargoes to all places, ports, and rivers in the dominions and possessions of the other which are or may be opened to foreign commerce, and shall enjoy, respectively, the same treatment, in matters of commerce and navigation, as native subjects, or subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation, without having to pay taxes, imposts, or duties, of whatever nature or under whatever denomination levied in the name or for the profit of the Government, public functionaries, private individuals, corporations, or establish- ments of any kind, other or greater than those paid by native subjects, or subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation, subject always to the Laws, Ordinances, and. Regulations of each country.
Article IV. The dwellings, manufactories, warehouses, and shops of the subjects of each of the high contracting parties in the dominions and possessions of the other, and all premises appertaining thereto destined for purposes of residence or commerce, shall be respected.
It shall not be allowable to proceed to make a search of, or a domiciliary visit to, such dwellings and premises, or to examine or inspect books, papers, or accounts except under the conditions and with the forms prescribed by the Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for subjects of the country.
Article V. No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty of any article, the produce or manufacture of dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, from whatever place arriving; and no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan of any article, the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, from whatever place arriving than on the like article produced or manufactured in any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be maintained or imposed on the importation of any article, the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of either of the high contracting parties, into the dominions and possessions of the other, from whatever place arriving, which shall not equally extend to the importation of the like article, being the produce or manufacture of any other country. This last provision is not applicable to the sanitary and other prohibitions occasioned by the necessity of protecting the safety of persons, or of cattle, or of plants useful to agriculture.
Article VI.-No other or higher duties or charges shall be imposed in the dominions and possessions of either of the high contracting parties on the exporta- tion of any article to the dominions and possessions of the other than such as are, or may be, payable on the exportation of the like article to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the dominions and possessions of either of the two contracting parties to the dominions and possessions of the other which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to any other country.
Article VII.-The subjects of each of the high contracting parties shall enjoy
TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND JAPAN
191
in the dominions and possessions of the other exemptions from all transit duties and a perfect equality of treatment with native subjects in all that relates to warehousing, bounties, facilities, and drawbacks.
Article VIII.-All articles which are or may be legally imported into the ports of the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan in Japanese vessels may likewise be imported into those ports in British vessels, without being liable to any other or higher duties or charges of whatever denomination than if such articles were imported in Japanese vessels; and, reciprocally, all articles which are or may be legally imported into the ports of the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty in British vessels may likewise be imported into those ports in Japanese vesssels, without being liable to any other or higher duties or charges of whatever denomination than if such articles were imported in British vessels. Such reciprocal equality of treatment shall take effect without distinction, whether such articles come directly from the place of origin or from any other places.
In the same manner there shall be perfect equality of treatment in regard to exportation, so that the same export duties shall be paid and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed in the dominions and possessions of either of the high contract- ing parties on the exportation of any article which is or may be legally exported therefrom, whether such exportation shall take place in Japanese or in British vessels, and whatever may be the place of destination, whether a port of either of the contracting parties or of any third Power.
Article IX.-No duties of tonnage, harbour, pilotage, lighthouse, quarantine, or other similar or corresponding duties of whatever nature or under whatever denomination, levied in the name or for the profits of the Government, public functionaries, private individuals, corporations, or establishments of any kind, shall be imposed in the ports of the dominions and possessions of either country upon the vessels of the other country which shall not equally and under the same conditions be imposed in the like cases on national vessels in general, or vessels of the most favoured nation. Such equality of treatment shall apply reciprocally to the respective vessels, from whatever port or place they may arrive, and whatever may be their place of destination.
Article X.-In all that regards the stationing, loading, and unloading of vessels in the ports, basins, docks, roadsteads, harbours, or rivers of the dominions and possessions of the two countries, no privilege shall be granted to national vessels which shall not be equally granted to vessels of the other country; the intention of the high contracting parties being that in this respect also the respective vessels shall be treated on the footing of perfect equality.
Article XI. The coasting trade of both the high contracting parties is excepted from the provisions of the present Treaty, and shall be regulated according to the Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations of Japan and of Great Britain respec- tively. It is, however, understood that Japanese subjects in the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty and British subjects in the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan shall enjoy in this respect the rights which are or may be granted under such Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations to the subjects or citizens of any other country.
A Japanese vessel laden in a foreign country with cargo destined for two or more ports in the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty and a British vessel ladden in a foreign country with cargo destined for two or more ports in the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan may discharge a portion of her cargo at one port, and continue her voyage to the other port or ports of destination where foreign trade is permitted, for the purpose of landing the remainder of her original cargo there, subject always to the Laws and Custom- house Regulations of the two countries.
The Japanese Government, however, agrees to allow British vessels to continue, as heretofore, for the period of the duration of the present Treaty, to carry cargo between the existing open ports of the Empire, excepting to or from the ports of Osaka, Niigata, and Ebisu-minato.
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TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND JAPAN
Article XII. Any ship of war or merchant vessel of either of the high contracting parties which may be compelled by stress of weather, or by reason of any other distress, to take shelter in a port of the other, shall be at liberty to refit therein, to procure all necessary supplies, and to put to sea again, without paying any dues other than such as would be payable by national vessels. In case, how- ever, the master of a merchant vessel should be under the necessity of disposing of a part of his cargo in order to defray the expenses, he shall be bound to conform to the Regulations and Tariffs of the place to which he may have come.
If any ship of war or merchant vessel of one of the contracting parties should run aground or be wrecked upon the coast of the other, the local authorities shall inform the Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent of the district of the occurrence, or, if there be no such Consular officer, they shall inform the Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent of the nearest district.
All proceedings relative to the salvage of Japanese vessels wrecked or cast on shore in the territorial waters of Her Britannic Majesty shall take place in accordance with the Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations of Great Britain, and, reciprocally, all measures of salvage relative to British vessels wrecked or cast on shore in the territorial waters of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan shall take place in accordance with the Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations of Japan.
Such stranded or wrecked ship or vessel, and all parts thereof, and all furniture, and appurtenances belonging thereunto, and all goods and merchandise saved therefrom, including those which may have been cast into the sea, or the proceeds thereof, if sold, as well as all papers found on board such stranded or wrecked ship or vessel, shall be given up to the owners or their agents, when claimed by them. If such owners or agents are not on the spot, the same shall be delivered to the respective Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Consular Agents upon being claimed by them within the period fixed by the laws of the country, and such Consular officers, owners, or agents shall pay only the expenses incurred in the preservation of the property, together with the salvage or other expenses which would have been payable in the case of a wreck of a national vessel.
The goods and merchandise saved from the wreck shall be exempt from all the duties of Customs unless cleared for consumption, in which case they shall pay the ordinary duties.
When a ship or vessel belonging to the subjects of one of the contracting parties is stranded or wrecked in the territories of the other, the respective Consuls- General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents shall be authorized, in case the owner or master, or other agent of the owner, is not present, to lend their official assistance in order to afford the necessary assistance to the subjects of the respective States. The same rule shall apply in case the owner, master, or other agent is present, but requires such assistance to be given.
Article XIII.-All vessels which, according to Japanese law, are to be deemed Japanese vessels, and all vessels which, according to British law, are to be deemed British vessels, shall, for the purposes of this Treaty, be deemed Japanese and British vessels respectively.
Article XIV. The Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents of each of the contracting parties, residing in the dominions and possessions of the other, shall receive from the local authorities such assistance as can by law be given to them for the recovery of deserters from the vessels of their respective countries. It is understood that this stipulation shall not apply to the subjects of the country where the desertion takes place.
Article XV.-The high contracting parties agree that, in all that concerns commerce and navigation, any privilege, favour, or immunity which either contract- ing party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant to the Government, ships, subjects, or citizens of any other State, shall be extended immediately and uncondi- tionally to the Government, ships, subjects, or citizens of the other contracting party, it being their intention that the trade and navigation of each country shall be placed, in all respects, by the other on the footing of the most favoured nation.
TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND JAPAN
193
Article XVI.-Each of the high contracting parties may appoint Consuls- General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, Pro-Consuls, and Consular Agents in all the ports, cities, and places of the other, except in those where it may not be convenient to recognize such officers.
This exception, however, shall not be made in regard to one of the contracting parties without being made likewise in regard to every other Power.
The Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, Pro-Consuls, and Consular Agents may exercise all functions, and shall enjoy all privileges, exemptions, and immunities which are or may hereafter be granted to Consular officers of the most favoured nation.
Article XVII. The subjects of each of the high contracting parties shall enjoy in the dominions and possessions of the other the same protection as native subjects in regard to patents, trade marks, and designs, upon fulfilment of the formalities prescribed by law.
* Article XVIII. Her Britannic Majesty's Government, so far as they are concerned, give their consent to the following arrangement :-
The several foreign Settlements in Japan shall be incorporated with the respective Japanese Communes, and shall thenceforth form part of the general municipal system of Japan.
The competent Japanese authorities shall thereupon assume all municipal obliga- tions and duties in respect thereof, and the cominon funds and property, if any, be- longing to such Settlements, shall at the same time be transferred to the said Japanese authorities.
When such incorporation takes place existing leases in perpetuity under which property is now held in the said Settlements shall be confirmed, and no conditions whatsoever other than those contained in such existing leases shall be imposed in respect of such property. It is, however, understood that the Consular authorities mentioned in the same are in all cases to be replaced by the Japanese authorities.
All lands which may previously have been granted by the Japanese Government free of rent for the public purposes of the said Settlements shall, subject to the right of eminent domain, be permanently reserved free of all taxes and charges for the public purposes for which they were originally set apart.
Article XIX.-The stipulations of the present Treaty shall be applicable, so far as the laws permit, to all the Colonies and foreign possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, excepting to those hereinafter named, that is to say, except to-
South Australia.
New South Wales.
New Zealand.
India.
Queensland. The Cape. †The Dominion of Canada. Western Australia. Tasmania. Victoria. Natal.
Newfoundland. Provided always that the stipulations of the present Treaty shall be made applicable to any of the above-named Colonies or foreign possessions on whose behalf notice to that effect shall have been given to the Japanese Government by Her Britannic Majesty's Representative at Tokyo within two years from the date of the exchange of ratifications of the present Treaty.
Owing to serious difference of opinion which arose between Japan of the one part and Great Britain, France and Germany of the other part regarding the interpretation of this clause with regard to leases held in perpetuity, an Arbitration Tribunal was appointed. The Governments of Germany, France and Great Britain named as Arbitrator M. Louis Renault, Professor of Law in the University of Paris and Legal Adviser to the Department of Foreign. Affairs, and Japan named as Arbitrator His Excellency Itchiro Motono, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, at Paris, Doctor of Law. M. Gregers Gram, formerly Norwegian Minister of State, was chosen by the Arbitrators as Umpire. The Tribunal sat at The Hague, and on May 22nd, 1905, decided by a majority of votes and declared that: "The provisions of the Treaties and other engagements mentioned in the Protocols of Arbitration exempt not only the land held in virtue of the leases in perpetuity granted by or on behalf of the Government of Japan, but they exempt the land and buildings of every description constructed or which may hereafter be constructed on such land from all imposts, taxes, charges, contributions or conditions whatsoever, other than those expressly stipulated in the leases in question." Mr. Motono recorded his entire disagreement with the decision.
† On January 31st, 1906, an agreement was signed in Tokyo making the Stipulations of this Treaty applicable to the Dominion of Canada.
7
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TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND JAPAN
Article XX. The present Treaty shall, from the date it comes into force, be substituted in place of the Conventions respectively of the 23rd day of the 8th month of the 7th year of Kayai, corresponding to the 14th day of October, 1854, and of the 13th day of the 5th month of the 2nd year of Keiou, corresponding to the 25th day of June, 1866, the Treaty of the 18th day of the 7th month of the 5th year of Ansei, corresponding to the 26th day of August, 1858, and all Arrangements and Agreements subsidiary thereto concluded or existing between the high con- tracting parties; and from the same date such Conventions, Treaty, Arrangements and Agreements shall cease to be binding, and, in consequence, the jurisdiction then exercised by British Courts in Japan, and all the exceptional privileges, exemp- tions, and immunities then enjoyed by British subjects, as a part of or appurtenant to such jurisdiction, shall absolutely and without notice cease and determine, and thereafter all such jurisdiction shall be assumed and exercised by Japanese Courts.
Article XXI. The present Treaty shall not take effect until at least five years after its signature. It shall come into force one year after His Imperial Japanese Majesty's Government shall have given notice to Her Britannic Majesty's Govern- ment of its wish to have the same brought into operation. Such notice may be given at any time after the expiration of four years from the date hereof. The Treaty shall remain in force for the period of twelve years from the date it goes into operation.
Either high contracting party shall have the right, at any time after eleven years shall have elapsed from the date this Treaty takes effect, to give notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same, and at the expiration of twelve months after such notice is given this Treaty shall wholly cease and determine.
Article XXII.-The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Tokyo as soon as possible, and not later then six months from the present date.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at London, in duplicate, this sixteenth day of the seventh month of the twenty-seventh year of Meiji.
KIMBERLEY.
[L.S.]
AOKI.
"}
PROTOCOL
The Government of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India, and the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, deeming it advisable in the interests of both countries to regulate certain special matters of mutual concern, apart from the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed this day, have, through their respective Plenipotentiaries, agreed upon the following stipula- tions:-
But
1.-It is agreed by the contracting parties that one month after the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed this day, the Import Tariff hereunto annexed shall, subject to the provisions of Article XXIII. of the Treaty of 1858 at present subsisting between the contracting parties, as long as the said Treaty remains in force and thereafter, subject to the provisions of Articles V. and XV. of the Treaty signed this day, be applicable to the Articles therein enumerated, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, upon importation into Japan. nothing contained in this Protocol, or the Tariff hereunto annexed, shall be held to limit or qualify the right of the Japanese Government to restrict or to prohibit the importation of adulterated drugs, medicines, food, or beverages, indecent or obscene prints, paintings, books, cards, lithographic or other engravings, photographs, or any other indecent or obscene articles; articles in violation of patent, trade-mark, or copy-right laws of Japan, or any other article which for sanitary reasons, or in view of public security or morals, might offer any danger.
↓
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND JAPAN 195
The ad valorem duties established by the said Tariff shall, so far as may be deemed practicable, be converted into specific duties by a supplementary Convention, which shall be concluded between the two Governments within six months from the date of this Protocol; the medium prices, as shown by the Japanese Customs Returns during the six calendar months preceding the date of the present Protocol, with the addition of the cost of insurance and transportation from the place of purchase, production or fabrication, to the port of discharge, as well as commission, if any, shall be taken as the basis for such conversion, In the event of the Supplementary Convention not having come into force at the expiration of the period for the said Tariff to take effect, ad valorem duties in conformity with the rule recited at the end of the said Tariff shall, in the meantime, be levied.
In respect of articles not enumerated in the said Tariff, the General Statutory Tariff of Japan for the time being in force shall, from the same time, apply, subject, as aforesaid, to the provisions of Article XXIII. of the Treaty of 1858 and Articles V. and XV. of the Treaty signed this day, respectively.
From the date the Tariffs aforesaid take effect, the Import tariff now in opera- tion in Japan in respect of goods and merchandise imported into Japan by British subjects shall cease to be binding.
In all other respects the stipulations of the existing Treaties and Conventions shall be maintained unconditionally until the time when the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation signed this day comes into force.
2.-The Japanese Government, pending the opening of the country to British subjects, agrees to extend the existing passport system in such a manner as to allow British subjects, on the production of a certificate of recommendation from the British Representative in Tokyo, or from any of Her Majesty's Consuls at the open ports in Japan, to obtain upon application passports available for any part of the country, and for any period not exceeding twelve months, from the Imperial Japanese Foreign Office in Tokyo, or from the chief autho