FOR ALL
INDUSTRIAL AN* IIOUSEHOLD
SEE INSIDE—PAGE XL.
THOS. HARRISON & CO. ESTABLISHED 1S45
CONTRACTORS TO H.M. and FOREIGN GDVERNMENT3
anb ^Taefic 'g&anufaciurers
Also of Distilled Dehydrated Coal Tar for Roads as per Road Board Specification
IMPORTERS OP FOREIGN ASPHALTES AND BITUMEN
PROPRIETORS OF DAY’S EYAMEL FOR SHIPS, A.YD A.YTI-FOl’LIYG COMPOSITIONS
Office & Works:—CANAL BANK, BLACK HORSE BRIDGE,
DEPTFORD, LONDON, ENGLAND
REGISTERED.
HARRISON’S ASPHALTE
This Article is packed in casks averaging 4-cwt. o-qrS. 14-lbs. Gross,
Tare 21-lbs., as it has been packed and sent to India, Far East and the Colonies
for more than 60 years. Invoiced on nett weights.
It is invaluable for Railway Work, Viaducts, Bridges,
Floors, Godowns, Drying Grounds, Damp Courses, and for all purposes for which
Asphalte is applicable.
Its antiseptic properties and hygienic value are too well known
to need comment.
It being impervious to moisture and all kinds of vermin, makes
it the cleanest of floors.
To obtain the full advantages of this article it must be borne in
mind that the best article is the only one that can be relied on, and our
Asphalte has stood the test of 60 years.
To ensure obtaining HARRISON’S ASPHALTE, it is necessary to see that
a signed label is in every Cask.
There is still a large and increasing demand for our Asphalte,
although we are competing with cheaper sorts. It is most essential to
obtain an article as reliable as ours, as the cost of removing an inferior article,
when once laid (if not impossible), would be very great.
In this article the small difference in price cannot be compared with
the loss the use of an inferior article may entail.
Shipments made through Merchants in Great Britain, and
we shall .be glad to, have your esteemed enquiries and orders through them, and
we are also prepared to give any further information or advice as to its use, etc.
TWO POPULAR HOTELS IN CENTRAL LONDON
OPPOSITE THE BRITISH MUSEU.VI
THACKERAY HOTEL
GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON
NEAR THE BRITISH MUSEUM
KINGSLEY HOTEL
HART STREET, BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, LONDON
T HESE Temperance Hotels are situated close together in one of the healthiest districts of London. They are very
near the British Museum, the Thackeray HoteHserrig^directly opposite and the Kingsley within two minutes'
walk of that famous place of interest.
The Hotels are most favourably situated with regard to'the Houses of Parliament, Law Courts, Art Galleries and
Theatres. In fact, they are within easy walking distance or short iab-drive of nearly all places of interest frequented by
those visiting London. They are almost equi-distant from the great Railways, North, South, East and West t also the
Museum and Holborn Stations of the Electric Railways being so close at hand, bring the Hotels to within 8 to 10
minutes of the City, Royal Exchange, and the Bank of England; while the Agricultural Hall, South Kensington, Earl's
Court, Olympia, etc., can be reached within 15 to 30 minutes.
LOUNGES.
Spacious Dining, Drawing, Writing, Reading, Billiard and Smoking Rooms.
Perfect Sanitation. Floors Fireproof Throughout.
Night Porters. Telephone.
PASSENGER LIFTS. ELECTRIC LIGHT THROUGHOUT
BATH ROOMS ON EVERY FLOOR, HEATED THROUGHOUT
Single Bedroom, Attendance and Table d’Hote Breakfast
from 5s. 6d. with Table d’Hote Dinner from 8s. 6d
FULL TARIFF AND TESTIMONIALS ON APPLICATION
Intending visitors are requested to send an intimation, if possible, by post
or telegram prior to amval, that rooms may be reserved
THACKERAY HOTEL: “THACKERAY, LONDOIf
Telegraphic Addresses:
KINGSLEY HOTEL: “BOOKCKAFT, LONDON”
f THACKERAY HOTEL: MUSEUM 1230 (2 Lines)
Telephones: j KINGSLEY HOTEL : MUSEUM 1232 (2 Lines)
AGENTS
(LONDON Office of “Hongkong Daily Press,” 131, Fleet Street, E.C.
Do Mr. F. Algar, 11, Clement’s Lane, Lombard Street, E.C.
Do Messrs. G. Street & Co., Ltd., 30, Cornhill, E.C.
PARIS Messrs. G. E. Puel de Lobel & Cie., 53, Rue Lafayette
•SAN FRANCISCO The Fisher Advertising Agency
SEOUL (COREA) “Seoul Press” Office, Seoul
SOUTH AFRICA Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Long Street, Cape Town
STDNET Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, 123, Pitt Street
MELBOURNE Messrs. Gordon & Gotch,, 124 and 126, Queen Street
BRISBANE Messrs. Gordon Gotch, Queen Street
-CALCUTTA Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co., 5 and 6, Government Place
BOMBAY .'. “ Times of India” Office .
Do Messrs, Thacker & Co.
•COLOMBO Messrs. A. M. & J. Ferguson, “ Ceylon Observer ” Office
BATAVIA Drukkerij Papyru* (H. M. Van Dorp & Co.)
SINGAPORE Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, 32, Raffles Place
FEDERATED MALAY STATES...Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Singapore
BORNEO Mr. J. Nimmo Wardrop, Sandakan
SAIGON Cie. de Commerce et de Nav. d’Extreme-Orient.
TONKIN (HAIPHONG)... do.
.MANILA Philippine Education Co.
YOKOHAMA Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, 60, Main Street
KOBE & OSAKA “Japan Chronicle” Office, Kobe
NAGASAKI “ Nagasaki Press ” Office
FORMOSA Mr. G, Miedbrodt, Taipeh
YLADIVOSTOCK Messrs. Sinkievitch Bros.
PEKING & TIENTSIN ...G. M. Gillard & Co.
^SHANGHAI, &O Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, The Bund
Do. Messrs. Brewer & Co.
YANGTSZE PORTS Messrs. Kelly A Walsh, Limited, Shanghai
-CHEFOO Me-srs. Curtis Brothers
IFOOCHOW ......i........Messrs. T Brockett & CO. •»
AMOY Messrs. A. S. Watson & Co., Limited, Kulangsu
•SWATOW Kwai Fung, Wai An Street
•CANTON .^ociadide Economica Portugueza
MACAO.^ Mr. A. A.de Mello
BANGKOK “ Baj gkok Times” Office
TOKIO - ...Mes-rs. Kelly & Walsh, Ltd.
TSINGTAU Messrs. Cornabe, Eckford A Go.
DAIREN Mr. F. J. Bardens
rw 1
~' — r-nn i ui.,; : 'V
tke Directory & Chronicle
John Bartholonievr St Co«E3ii^
11
8
Sill ■ .
THE
DIRECTORY & CHRONICLE
CHINA, JAPAN, COREA, INDO-CHINA,
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, MALAY STATES r
SIAM, NETHERLANDS INDIA, BORNEO,
THE PHILIPPINES, Sc.
WITH WHICH ARE INCORPORATED “THE CHINA DIRECTORY” ANI>
“ THE HONGKONG DTRECTOEY AND HONG LIST FOR THE FAR EAST”
FOR THE FEAR
:.;,
1917
i i
10A, DES VCEUX ROAD, HONGKONG, AND 131, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C.
; l
^ ' MDeoeexyii.
• ' i ATTiiP. T.M’EL LTF; I:’. I! V ('HP T' LlfA CL (:V/A CD T-EIU HIU
' ^Price Thirty'Shillings fat) " ^
A
Cables: LEOPOLDINI, LONDON. Code: A.B.C. 5th Edition.
LEOPOLD FRANK
Established 1885.
i and 2, Addle Street, LONDON, E.C.
I THE LEADING SPECIALITY FIRM FOR LARGE STOCKS
AND BEST VALUES IN
BLANKETS and RUGS.
ORIGINATOR OF
a _
2.mm
mn-m
siffiif 5:|St mmm
fitelst m\
ma^sl
5c® &
n
. _ trfeteiisi
samir w.it&'i'&m
BRITISH MANUFACTURE.
feH »
BUSH RUGS—ColouredStripes and Fancy Checks.
CAMEL HAIR BLANKETS—With Striped and Key Borders.
COTTON BLANKETS—White, Grey, Fawn and Red Drab. All with Bright
Coloured Borders.
FRINGED TRAVELLING RUGS—In a Variety of Beautiful Designs.
UNION AND WOOLLEN BLANKETS—Brown, Fawn and Grey.
SUPPLY WHOLESALE AND EXPORT ONLY.
ENQUIRIES AND ORDERS THROUGH MERCHANTS IN GREAT BRITAIN.
WORLD WIDE REPUTATION FOR QUALITY AND RELIABILITY.
INDEX, DIRECTORY
INDEX
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
A.B.C.DIRECTORY OF BRITISH MER- BUILDING CONTRACTORS :—
CHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS ... Ixxiii A Hon ... xcviii
ASPHALTE MANUFACTURERS:—
BUSINESS NOTICES :—
Thos. Harrison & Co... Inside front cover Hankow Horse Bazaar xciy
AUCTIONEERS :— Hankow Toilet Club xciii
Kam Hing Knitting Co liv
Ching Keng Lee & Co li
Nutter & Co xxv CANDLE MANUFACTURERS :—
BANKS :— Russo-Asiatic Trade and Manu-
Bank of China xix facturing Co Ixxx
Bank of Chosen xviii CARPET MANUFACTURERS :—
Bank of Communications xxi
Bank of Taiwan (Formosa) xiii North China Carpet Export Co. .. Ixxx
Banque Industrielle de Chine ... xv CEMENT MANUFACTURERS :—
Chartered Bank of India, Aus. and
China xi Green Island Cement Co. ... ... xlvi
Hongkong and Shanghai Bank ... x Indo-China Portland Cement Co.,
Hongkong Savings Bank xxii Ld xlvii
Mercantile Bank of India xii Onoda Cement Co., Ld Ixxviii
B,usso-Asiatic Bank xvii CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS :—
Sumitomo Bank, Osaka xyi
Yokohama Specie Bank xiv Ban Lam Drug Co., Ld xeviii
BASIC SLAG MANUFACTURERS CHINESE PIECE GOODS : —
Baltic Basic Slag Co., Ltd., Man- China Drawn Work Co xcvi
chester Ixxvii CHRISTMAS CARDS, ETC.:—
BICYCLE DEALERS :— Raphael Tuck & Sons, Inside bach cover
International Bicycle Co xlix
COAL MERCHANTS -
BLANKET AND BUG MANUFACTURERS :— Bismarck Leopold Frank Opposite Index Kailan Mining Admin., Tientsin... xl
Do. Front cover
BOOKSELLERS & PUBLISHERS:— Kwong Sang & Co xc
Commercial Press, Ld Ixxxiii McAlister & Co., Ld., Singapore... xxvi
Maruzen Co., Ld xxxviii Nutter & Co xxv
BOOT AND SHOEMAKERS Mitsubishi Goshi Kwaisha xxxix
Mitsui Bussan Kaisha vi-yii
Cherry & Co. ... ... . li Tsang Foo & Co liv
D. Nigniewitzky ... . ...Ixxxv
Wheelock & Co xxv
Sekido & Co. Ixxxiv
Ixxxv Wing Kee & Co Ivi
Taiyo & Co.
DOCKS:—
BREWERS:—
Dai Nippon Brewery Co Ixxxi Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co.. 1064B
Kawasaki Dockyard Co., Ld. ...xxxvii
BRICK MASJUFACTURERS :— Mitsubishi Docks, Nagasaki ... 592B
Kail an Mining Administration, Mitsubishi Dockyard, Kobe ... 592A
Tientsin xl Yokohama Dock Co., Ld. ...xxxv-xxxvi
BRONZE MANUFACTURER :— EDUCATIONAL :—
Kuroda lii Armstrong College, Newcastle . ...Ixxvii
yi COAL MERCHANTS
HONGKONG,
PRINCE’S BUILDINGS, ICE HOUSE STREET.
Head Office - - - TOKYO, JAPAN.
(MITSUI & CO., LIMITED, IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.)
IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS AKD GEKERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS.
COAL CONTRACTORS to Home and Foreign Mail and
freight Steamers, Railways, Army and Navy, and Principal Industrial
W orks.
MIIKE HARBOUR AND DOCKS built by the Company to-
facilitate Loading and Shipment of Miike Coals.
SOLE PROPRIETORS of Miike, Tagawa, Ida, Yamano,
Hondo and Noborikawa Coal Mines.
SOLE AGENTS for Ohnoura, Ohtsuji, Mannoura, Yoshio,
Mameda, Iwaya, Kishima, Mineji,Yubari, Matsushima and other Coals.
Agents for:
TOKYO MARINE INSURANCE CO., LTD Tokyo.
TOKYO FIRE INSURANCE CO., LTD Tokyo.
MEIJI FIRE INSURANCE CO., LTD Tokyo.
NIPPON FIRE INSURANCE CO., LTD. Tokyo.
KYODO FIRE INSURANCE. CO., LTD. Tokyo.
CHIYODA FIRE INSURANCE CO., LTD Tokyo.
YOKOHAMA FIRE INSURANCE CO., LTD Yokohama.
DAI NIPPON BREWERY CO., LTD v...Tokyo.
ONODA CEMENT CO., LTD Onoda.
etc., etc., etc.
Telegraphic Address: “Mitsui.”
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
mm mm KAMI LID. TOKYO
(Mitsui & Co., Ltd., in Europe & America)
IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS AND
- GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS
HEAD OFFICE:
1, Surugacho, Nihonbashiku, TOKYO
BRANCHES AND REPRESENTATIVES:
JAPAN:—
CHEMULPO KUCHINOTZU NAGASAKI OTARU WAKAMATSU
KARATSU MIIKE NAGOYA SEOUL YOKOHAMA
KISHIMA MOJI NIIGATA TAINAN KOBE MURORAN OSAKA TAIPEH
OTHER COUNTRIES
AMOY FOOCHOW MUKDEN SOURABAYA
ANTUNGHSIEN HAMBURG NEWCHWANG SWATOW
BANGKOK HANKOW NEW YORK SYDNEY
BOMBAY HARBIN PORTLAND DAIREN
CANTON HONGKONG RANGOON TIENTSIN
CALCUTTA LONDON SAN FRANCISCO TIEHLING
CHANGCHUN LYONS SHANGHAI TSINGTAU
CHEFOO MANILA SINGAPORE YLADIY OSTOCK
Telegraphic JLd. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS—Continued
PAGE PAGE
ENGINEERS AND MACHINISTS:— MERCHANTS, COMMISSION AGENTS, ETC. :—
Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ld Ixxxii Arculli Brothers xliv
Canning & Co., W., Birmingham Ixxvi Bam Lam Drug Co., Ld xcviii
Hongkong &Whampoa DockCo.,Ld. 1 064B Bismarck & Co lv
Kwong Tuck Cheong ... Ixxxii C. Abdoola & Co xli
Mitsubishi Docks, Nagasaki ... 592B China Trading Co xcvii
Mitsubishi Dockyard, Kobe ... 592A Cox, McEuen, London Ixxviii
Peace, W. K. & C., Sheffield ... Ixxiv De Souza & Co lii
Rapid Magn'etting Machine Co., Ekman Foreign Agencies xlii
■Ld.; Birmingham ... Ixxvi Gilloh & Co xlv 1
Tting King Lung & Co xcvii H. Goldenberg ... xlv
Hoo Cheong Wo & Co. xc
FURNITURE MAKE-RS :— John D. Hutchison & Co., Hong-
Li Kwong Loong xcviii kong ..: xliv
GARAGES :— John D. Hutchison & Co.,
Eastern Garage Co., Shanghai ... 1 Shanghai Ixxix
Exile Garage 1 Kwong Sang Hong, Ld xcvi
Masuda &,Co. ... ... xliii
GtiN AND RIFLE MAKERS Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, China and
Wm. Schmidt & Co xciv Japan vi-vii
Nutter & Co xxv
HOTELS :—
Omiya & Co., Y Ixxix
Astor House, Peking Ixxxvi Russo-Asiatic Trade & M:ufg. Co. Ixxx
Grand Hotel de Pekin ... xlyiii S. Soboleff & Co. xciii
Hankow Hotel, Ixxxvi Sino Swiss Commercial liii
Kulangsu Hotel xciv Tschurin & Ca. ... 53&
Peak- Hotel,. Hongkong xlix
Thackeray and Kingsley Hotels METAL MERCHANTS :—
Inside front end paper Cheong Wo & Co Ivii
E. Hing & Co xc
INSURANCE, FIRE :— Hop Fung xcvii
Fire & Marine Insc. Co. (United), xxiv Singon Co., Hongkong xc
Imperial Marine Transport & Fire
Insurance Co xxiii MILK :—
McAlister Jr Co. ... xxvi Milkmaid Brand Back end paper
Nutter & Co. ... ... ... xxv
NAVY CONTRACTORS :—
Sale & Frazar, Ld xxiv Bismarck & Co., Hongkong Ir
Wheelock & Co xxv
NEWSPAPERS:—
INSURANCE, LIFE .
Chung Ngoi San Po - liii
Nutter & Co. ... xxv
Standard Life ... Front cover Hongkong Daily Press... ... ..v -536
Hongkong Weekly Press 536
"Wheelock & Co. • ... ... xxv.
NURSERYMEN AND FLORISTS :—
INSURANCE, MARINE : -
The Yokohama Nursery xcv
Fire &■ Marine Insc. Co.
(United), xxiv
Imperial Marine Transport & Fire OIL MERCHANTS :— .
Insurance Co. xxiii Asiatic Petroleum Co xx
McAlister & Co xxvi Rising Sun Petroleum Co xx
Nippon, Marine and Fire xxii OPTICIAN :— : Ssis«r/- : • , f
Nutter & Co- '••• ••• xxv N. Lazarus xc^y
JEWELLERS AND GOLDSMITHS PAPER AGENTS:-- ' ^
LuenWo&Co ... xci Ekmah Foreign Agencies 7 ; xlii; ;
Sing Fat Co. ... xci PASTRYCOOKS AND CONFECTIONERS:^ }
Tuck Chang & Co., Ld xci E. Cazzi ,.. ... Llxxxyii )
E. Manini... ...v . .. Ixxxvji.)
LACE MANUFACTURERS :
Morinaga Gdafectionery Ci>„ _Ltd. •: 7hi-)
China Drawn Work ... ... xcvi
PERFUMERIES :— '• - --7... J
LAMP MANUFACTURERS:— Kwong Sang Hong, Ltd xcvi
A. C. Wells & Co., London ... ... Ixxv
PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS:—
MACHINERY :— Commercial Press, Ld Ixxxviii
Hongkong 4^ WJiampdADd^k.Oo. 1064A ' Hongkong Daily Press,. Ld; .v ... liv
Rose,Downs & Thompson, Lcl. ... xxxii Maruzfen Co., Ld. ... ''... ... ,,.xxxviiii
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS—Continued ix
i , PAGE PAGE
PROVISION MERCHANTS STEEL MANUFACTURERS :— ' . i1
; : See Storekeepers Peace, Ltd, W. K. C. Shetiield ... Ixxiv
RAILWAY COMPANIES:— Singon & Co., Hongkong ... ... xc
Chinese Govt. Railways xxxiv N
STEVEDORES:— r ,
ROPE MANUFACTURERS
H’kcmg. Rope Manufacturing Co. 1064A Bismarck & Co; ... ' Iv
Leung Kon Tai & Co ..... Ivii
SEED MERCHANTS Sing Kee & Co Ivi
The Yokohama Nursery xcv Tsang Foo & Co liv
SHIPBUILDERS :— Wing Kee H’kong. Whampoa Dock Co., Ld. 1064B
Kwong Tuck Cheong Ixxxii StOREKEEPERS :—
Mitsubishi Docks, Kobe 592A Ban Lam Drug Co, Ld xcviii
Mitsubishi Docks, Nagasaki ... 592B Bismarck & Co, Hongkong Iv
Tung King Lung & Co xcvii Cheong Wo & Co. .... Ivii
Yokohama Dock Co xxxv D. Komeya xcvi
SHIPCHANDLERS
Dombey & Son Ixxxviii
E King A. Kwai & Co.... Ixxxix French Store Ixxxviii
Bismarck & Co., Hongkong... ... Iv
Cheong Wo & Co Ivii Heng Tick Hoat ... ... ... Ixxxviii
Hoo Cheong Wo & Co. ... ... ... xc
Hoo Cheong Wo & Co xc J. Tornoe xciii
. J. Tomoe xciii On Fat & Co ..Ixxxix
Kwong Sang & Co... xc
On Fat & Co Ixxxix Singon & Co. ... ... xc
Sing Kee & Co. Ivi
TAILORS, ETC. :—
Singon & Co xc
Wing Kee & Co Ivi Madame Flint ... ... xcii
Noordin ... ... xcii
SHIPPING BROKERS, AGENTS, ETC.
Ekman Foreign Agencies xlii
TIMBER MERCHANTS :—
Masuda & Co ... xlii
McAlister & Co.,Ld., Singapore ... xxiv E King & Co. xc
Nutter & Co xxv Wm. Stewart & Co. ... Back of cover
Sale & Frazar, Ld xxiv
Wheelock & Co xxv TOBACCONISTS :—
SOAP MANUFACTURERS: — E. N. Paizis & Co xcii
Pears, London... .... ... ...Back cover
STEAMSHIP LINES :— TYPE FOUNDRIES :—
A Kwai & Co Ixxxix Commercial Press, Ld Ixxxiii
Apcar Line xxvii Tokyo Tsukiji Type Foundry ...Ixxxiii
British India S. N. Co., Ltd. ... xxvii
Dairen Kisen Kaisha ... xxx WHARVES AND GODOWNS:—
Douglas Steamship Co xxxi Tokyo Soko Kaisha, Kobe 59iF
Eastern & Aus. S.S. Co xxxii
Indo-China Steam Nav. Co xxviii
WINES AND SPIRITS :—
Nippon Yusen Kaisha 592E
Okazaki Steamship Co., Ld Ixxx Cockburn & Campbell, Gt. Britain Ixxvii
Osaka Shosen Kaisha ... ... ... xxix Dombey & Co ... Ixxxviii
P. & O. S. N. Co xxvii Heng Tick Hoat Ixxxviii
Tokyo Soko Kaisha 592F J. Tornoe ... xciii
Toyo Kisen Kaisha .u xxxiii The Ban Lam Drug Co xcviii
BANKS
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.
PAID-UP CAPITAL $15,000,000
STERLING RESERVE FUND £1,500.000 at 2/- =£15,000,000
SILVER RESERVE FUND 18,000,000
33,000,000
RESERVE LIABILITY OF PROPRIETORS ~~ 15,000,000
COURT OF DIRECTORS:
CHAIRMAN—S. H. DODWELL, ESQ.
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN—J. A. PLUMMER, ESQ.
HON. MR. C. E. ANTON
G. T. M. EDKINS, ESQ.
W. L. PATTENDEN, ESQ.
C. S. GUBBAY, ESQ. HON. MR. E. SHELLIM
HON. ME. P. H. HOLYOAK
E. V, D. PARR, ESQ.
BRANCHES, AGENCIES AND SUB-AGENCIES:
AMOY IPOH PENANG
BANGKOK JOHORE RANGOON
BATAVIA KOBE SAIGON
BOMBAY KUALA LUMPUR SAN FRANCISCO
CALCUTTA LONDON SHANGHAI
COLOMBO LYONS Do. (HONGKEWy
CANTON MALACCA SINGAPORE
FOOCHOW MANILA SOURABAYA
HANKOW NAGASAKI TIENTSIN
HARBIN NEW YORK TSINGTAU
HONGKONG PEKING YOKOHAMA
ILOILO
CHIEF MANAGER :
Hongkong—IX. J. STABB.
MANAGER:
Shanghai—A. G. STEPHEN.
LONDON OFFICE-9, GEACECHURCH STREET.
LONDON BANKERS-LONDON COUNTY & WESTMINSTER BANK, LD.
HOIVOKOIXO.
Interest Allowed
On Current Deposit Accounts at the rate of 2 per cent, per annum on
the daily balance.
On Fixed Deposits:—
For 3 months, 2| per cent, per annum
6 „ 3i
12 „ 4“ „ „
LOCAL BILLS DISCOUNTED.
CREDITS granted on approved Securities, and every description of Banking and
Exchange business transacted.
DRAFTS granted on London and the chief commercial places in Europe, India,
Australia, America, China, and Japan.
N. J. STABB,
HONGKONG, 1ST JANUARY, 1917. Chief Manager,
BANKS xi
Charted Bank of India, Australia and China
Head Office: — 38, BISHOPSGATE, LONDON.
INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER.
PAID-UP CAPITAL, in 60,000 Shares of £20 each £1,200,000
RESERVE FUND £1,800,000
Court of Directors
SIR M. CORNISH TURNER, Chairman. WM. H. NEVILLE GOSCHEN, ESQ.
SIR H. S. CUNNINGHAM, K.C.I.E. RT. HON. LORD G. HAMILTON, G.C.S.I.
THOMAS CUTHBERTSON, ESQ. WM. FOOT MITCHELL, ESQ.
SIR ALFRED DENT, K.C.M.G. L. A. WALLACE, ESQ.
—:o:—
managers
T. H. WHITEHEAD | T. FRASER
Subinanager
W. E. PRESTON
Auditors
MAGNUS MO WAT, ESQ. I WM. ADOLPHUS BROWNE, ESQ, F.C.A.
Bankers
The Bank of England
The London City and Midland Bank, Limited
The National Bank of Scotland, Limited
The London County and Westminster Bank, Limited
The National Provincial Bank of England, Limited
Agencies and Branches
AMRITSAR ILOILO PUKET
BANGKOK IPOH RANGOON
BATAVIA KARACHI SAIGON
BOMBAY KLANG SEREMBAN
CALCUTTA KOBE SHANGHAI
CANTON KUALA LUMPUR SINGAPORE
CEBU MADRAS
SOURABAYA
COLOMBO MANILA
DELHI MALACCA TAIPING
FOOCHOW MEDAN TAVOY
HAIPHONG NEW YORK TIENTSIN
HANKOW PEKING YOKOHAMA
HONGKONG PENANG
:o
Correspondents in the Chief Commercial places in
EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND AMERICA.
QUBEN’S ROAD, Hongkong, 1st Jan., 1917. T. C. DOWNING, Manage". Unnykong.
xii BANKS
THE
MERCANTILE RANK .;§>
# 21 INDIA, LIMITED.
Authorised Capital =£1,500,000
Subscribed ■ 1.125,000
Paid-up . 562,500
Reserve Fund....... • 550,000
HEAD OFFICE: 15, CRACECHURCH ST., LONDON, E.C.
Bank of England and the
London Joint Stock Bank, Limited,
BRANCHES
Calcutta, Howrah, Bombay, Karachi, Madras,
Rangoon, Colombo, Kandy, Galle,
Port Louis (Mauritius), Singapore, Penang, Kuala-
Lumpur, Kota-Bharu, and Shanghai.
INTEREST allowed on Current Accounts at the rate of two per
cept. per annum on the daily balance.
The Bank receives Current and Fixed Deposits on terms which
may be learned on application.
Telegraphic Address: “PARADISE.”
C. CHflIVSPKIN,
HONGKONG, IST JANUARY, 1917. Acting Managtr.
BANKS
IT m m
BANK OF TAI WAN, LP.
(TAIWAN GiNKO).
Incorporated by Special Imperial Charter, 1899.
CAPITAL SUBSCRIBED ...Yen 20,000,000
CAPITAL PAID-UP ...L:.. „ 12,500,000
RESERVE FUND „ 4,680,000
HEAD OFFICE :
TAIPEH, FORMOSA.
BRANCHES:
JAPAN—KOBE, OSAKA, TOKYO.
FORMOSA—AKOH, GIRAN, KAGI, KARENKOH, KEELUNG,
MAKUNG, PINAN, SHINCHIKU, TAICHU, TAINAN,
TAKOW, TAMSUI.
CHINA—AMOY, CANTON, FOOCHOW, HANKOW, KIU-
KIANG, SHANGHAI, SWATOW.
OTHERS—HONGKONG, LONDON, SINGAPORE,
SOERABAIA.
LONDON BANKERS:
Capital and Counties Bank, London and South-Western Bank,
Parr’s Bank.
The Bank has Correspondents in the Commercial centres of
Russia, Manchuria, Indo-China, India, Philippine Islands, Java,
Australia, America and elsewhere.
HONGKONG OFFICE:
Prince’s Building, 3, Des Voeux Road.
xiv BANKS
®jje fMvokma Specie
ESTABLISHED I 880. ESTABLISHED l88o.
■CAPITAL SUBSCRIBED Yen 48,000,000.00
CAPITAL PAID UP „ 30,000,000.00
RESERVE FUND - „ 20,800,000.00
President :-JUNNOSUKE INOUYE, ESQ.
Vice-President:—YUKI YAMAKAWA, ESQ.
Directors
J. INOUYE, ESQ. Y. YAMAKAWA, ESQ.
N. SOMA, ESQ. M. ODAGIRI, ESQ.
K. SONODA, ESQ. T. KAWASHIMA, ESQ.
R. KIMURA, ESQ. BARON K. IWASAKI
R. KARA, ESQ. K. TATSUMI, ESQ.
GENERAL MANAGER—S. K. SUZUKI, ESQ.
HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA
HODSUMI, ESQ.
MANAGER—T.
Branches and Agencies:
ANTUN G-HSIEN HONGKONG NEWCHWANG SHANGHAI
BOMBAY HONOLULU NEW YORK SINGAPORE
CALCUTTA KOBE OSAKA SYDNEY
CHANGCHUN LIAOYANG PEKING TIEHLING
DAIREN (Dalny) LONDON LOS ANGELES TIENTSIN
FENGTIEN (Mukden) TSINGTAU RYOJUN (Port TOKYO
HARBIN LYONS Arthur) TSINAN
HANKOW NAGASAKI SAN FRANCISCO
Correspondents at all the Chief Cities in the World.
The Bank buys and receives for collection Bills of Exchange, issues Drafts and
Telegraphic Transfers and Letters of Credit on above places and elsewhere,
and transacts General Banking Business,
Deposits received for fixed periods at rates to be obtained on application.
SHIIHAKICHI SUZUKI,
General Manager.
BANKS
lanque |itkstritllc k
If $& it K 'He ^
CAPITAL Francs 45,000,000 (1/4 Paid up).
1/3 of the Capital, /. SUBSCRIBED BY
THE GOVERNMENT OE THE CHINESE REPUBLIC.
Statutes approved by the Government of the Chinese
Republic on the nth January, 1913.
PRESIDENT ... ... ... ... ANDRE BERTHELOT.
GENERAL MANAGER A. J. PERNOTTE.
MANAGER FOR CHINESE AFFAIRS... WANG KO MING.
HEAD OFFICE: 74, Rue Saint Lazare, PARIS.
BRANCHES in PEKING, SHANGHAI and TIENTSIN.
IB .A. USTIK: IE S =
IN FRANCE:—SOCIETE GENERALE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT
DU COMMERCE ET DE L’INDUSIRIE EN FRANCE.
IN LONDON —LONDON COUNTY & WESTMINSTER
: BANK, LTD.
IN ITALY:—BANCA COMMERCIALF. ITALIANA.
Telegraphic Address: CH IBANK IN D.
Interest allowed on Current Accounts and Fixed Deposits.
Terms on application.
Every description of Banking and Exchange business transacted.
Gr. LION, Manager, P, SELLIER, Manageri
SHANGHAI BRANCH. PEKING BRANCH.
P. CORN U, Manager,
TIENTSIN BRANCH.
xv£ BANKS
Cable Address: “ SUMIT BANK, OSAKA ”
; ESTABLISHED 1912.
(Successors to the Sumitomo Bank)
Capital - - - - - -Yen 15,000,000.00
Paid-up Capital - - - - - „ 7,500,000.00
Reserve Fund - - - - 1,350,000.00
Deposits (June, 1916) - - - 102,000,000.00
Baron K. SUMITOMO... ... .^President.
K. YUKAWA, Esq ...Managing Director.
Branches:—
Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Kyoto, Kobe, Onomichi, Kure, Hiroshima,
Yanai, Shimonoseki, Moji, Wakamatsu, Hakata, Kurume, Etc. i
Agents : -
Lloyds Bank, Limited, London.
National City Bank of New York, New York.
National Bank of India, Limited, Bombay.
Correspondents
In all important places at home and abroad.
The Bank buys, sells and receives for collection Drafts and
Telegraphic Transfers; issues Commercial and Travellers’
Tetters of Credit available in all important parts of the World,
besides doing General Banking Business. ;
BANKS xvii
RUSSO-ASIATIC BANK.
Capital (fully-paid) - - - Rbls. 55,000,000
lieserve Fund „ 24,664,557
Capital Contributed by Chinese
Government - - - Kpg. Tls. 3,500,000
Reserve Fund - - - - ,, 1,240,242
Special Reserve Fund - - ,, 503,333
Head Office:—PETROGRAD.
Paris Office:—9, Rue Boudreau.
London Office:—64, Old Broad Street, E.C.
£5 Branches and Agencies in Russia, Siberia and Mongolia
and 23 in Europe and Asia
Telegraphic Address“ SINORUSSE.”
BANKERS :
LONDON:—Messrs. Glyn, Mills, Currie & Co.
PARIS:—Soci&e Gen^rale pour favoriser'le D^veloppement du Commerce et de
I’lndustrie en France. Banque de Paris and des Pays-Bas.
AMSTERDAM :—Messrs.- Lippmann, Rosenthal & Co. '
Interest allowed on current accounts in I'aels at the rate of 2 per cent, per annum
on the daily balance. :^
Fixed Deposits in Taels and Dollars. Terms on application.
Local Bills discounted. Special facilities for Russian Exchange. Foreign
Exchange on the principal cities of the world bought and sold.
SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES
J. JEZIERSKI, ESQ. C. C/IRERRE, ESQ.
MANAGERS FOR CHINA AND' JAPAN.
xviii BANKS
CIK Bank of Chosen
Capital Paid tip Yen 10,000,000
Governor:—K. SHODA, Esq,, M.P.H.
Directors JR. MIZUKOSHI, Esq., T. MISHIMA, Esq., Y. KIMURA, Esq.
HEAD OFFICE:—SEOUL, CHOSEN.
Telegraphic Address: “CHOGIN.”
Codes used : A.B.C. 5th Edition and Lieber’s Code.
BRANCHES:
CHOSEN—Chemulpo, Pyengyang, Wonsan, Taiku,
Fusan, Chinnampo, Kunsan, Mokpo, Ranam,
Masan, Shin-wiju, Hoilyong.
MANCHURIA—Dairen, Mukden, Chang-chun, Antung,.
SzU'ping'chieh, Kai^yuan, Harbin.
JAPAN—Tokyo, Osaka.
CORRESPONDENTS:—In all the principal Cities
in the World.
Every description oj general banking and
exchange business transacted.
BANKS xix
Bank of CDina
The Goi>e#*nment Bank
{Specially authorised by the President Mandate
of the loth April, 1913)
PAID-UP CAPITAL ... $30,000,000
Head Office: PEKING.
Telegraphic Address: “ CENTROBANKCodes used: A.B.C. 5th Edition, Lieber’s & Private
BRANCHES AND SUB-BRANCHES:
Chihli Shantung Kweiteh Wusih
Kalgan Chefoo Lowanho Yangchow
Paoting Chowtsun Nanyang Chekiang
PEKING Lincsin Sinyangchow HANGCHOW
TIENTSIN Linyi Yuchow Huchow
Fengtien Tsingtao Hupeh Kashing
Antung TSINAN HANKOW Lanchi
Chinchow T,sining Ichang Ningpo
Dairen Waiming Hunan Shaohing
Moukden Weihsien Changsha Wenchow
Liaoyuan Shansi Kiangsi Fukien
Newchwang KWEIHWACHENG Kanchow Amoy
Sinmin Paotowchen Kiukiang FOOCHOW
Taonan TAYUAN NANCHANG Kwangtung
Tiehling Yuncheng Anhwei CANTON
Kirin Shensi ANKIN Kiungchow
CHANGCHUN Sanyuanhsien Wuhu Kongmoon
Harbin SIAN Kiangsu Swatow
Kirin Honan Chinkiang Szechwan
Heilungkiang Changte NANKING Chengtu
Taheiho Chowkiakow SHANGHAI CHUNGKING
Tsitsihar Hsuchow Soochow Tzeliutsing
KAIFENG Tsingkiangpu Wanhsien
Agencies throughout all important towns in China.
Every description of general banking and exchange business transacted.
rETKOLEITM EEFINEES
SHELL PHOTOR SPIRIT FOR MJM ^BS
OROWi^ MOTOR SPIRiT FOR IViOTOB TRUCKS
KEROSENE FOR ALL PURPOSES
LIQUiD FUEL FOR HEAVY OIL ENGINES
CANDLES, LUBRICATING OILS
PARAFFiN WAX
OBTAINABLE EVERYWHERE
ASIATIC PETROLEUM CO.
CH/N/?, STRAITS, SIAM, INDIA
PHILIPPINES
RISING SUN PETROLEUM GO.
JAPAN AND FORMOSA
BANKS
( 3!v * ft S) ft la iffl 3S
BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS.
CAPITAL TIS. 10,000,000
HEAE OFFICE :-PEKING.
Every description of Banking and Exchange Business transacted.
Interest allowed on Current Accounts and Fixed Deposits
according to Arrangement.
Credits granted on Approved Securities.
Special Facilities for Transfers in all Parts of China.
BKANCHES:-
MANCHURIA—Newchwano-, Mukden, Changchun, Kirin, Harbin, L’aoyang,
Sunkaitai, Kaiping, Tilin, Kinhsien, Sinmingtun.
CHIHRI—Peking, Tientsin, Kalgan, Paoting, Haitien, Shenoteh, Peitungchow,
Tangshan, Pungcheng, Sungfang, Cheakiachoung.
SHANSI—Taitung, Yangkaou.
SHENSI.—Mienchih.
SHANTUNG—Tsinan, Tsinin, Tsochuang, Chefoo, Techow.
HONAN—Kaifeng, Tsioutso, Chowkaikow, Taho, Taokow, Chiangteh, C hen-
chow, Sinyangchow, Loyang, HsinshanLr.
KIANGSU—shanghai, Soochow, Wusih, Chinkiang, Pukow, Peipu, Hsuchow,
Yangchow, Tsinkiangpu.
CHEKIANG—Hangchow, Ningpo.
ANBUI—Wuhu, Panpu, Shiencheng, Anching.
KIANGSI—Kiukiang.
HUPEH—Hankow, Ichang, Shashi.
HUNAN—Changsha, Yiyang, Uengchow, Siangtan, Shongteh, Pa< clung.
SZECHUAN—Ch’en-tu, Chungking.
KUANGTUNG—Canton.
SPECIAL TERRITORIES—Jehol, Kweihua.
FOREIGN TERRITORIES—Hongkong, Singapore, New York, San Francisco, etc:
LIANG SHIH-YI, JEN FUNG-POA,
President. Vice-President
xxii BANKS AND INSURANCES
HONGKONG SAVINGS BANK.
The Business of the above Bank is conducted by the
HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION
Rules may be obtained on application.
INTEREST on deposits is allowed at 3| PER CENT, per annum
on the minimum monthly balances.
Depositors may transfer at their option balances of $100 or more to the HONGKONG
AND SHANGHAI BANK, to be placed on FIXED DEPOSIT at 4 PER CENT.
per annum.
For the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION,
N. J. STABB,
Chief Manager.
IHE NIPPON IMAOINE INSURANCE CO., LD.
Subscribed Capital Yen 3,000,000.000
Paid-Up Capital „ 900,000.000
Reserve Funds „ 3,283,017.328
President:—G. UKON, ESQ. | Managing Director:—W. UKON, ESQ.
HEAD OFFICE:—144, NICHOME, MINAMI-DORI, YEDOBORI, OSAKA, JAPAN.
BRANCHES:—KOBE, TOKYO, YOKOHAMA AND SHANGHAI.
PRINCIPAL AGENCIES
BowDENB
Ros.i Co., LTD. , LONDON: —C. T. BOWRING & Co.
Blaess
- ) (INSURANCE), LTD.
HALLIWELL. ; MANILA:—SMITH, BELL & Co., LTD.
"gEMEN;—F. RECK Co. ) MARSEILLES:-R. DE CAMPOU & FILS.
bb
£bANE :—BOWDEN BROS. & Co., LTD. > MELBOURNE :—BOWDEN BROS. & Co.,
TT :__GLADST0NE
kwvr^ 4, WYLLIE & Co. ^ LTD.
E
X ^OA:—EVAN MACKENZIE. I NEW YORK:—WILLCOX, PECK k HUGHES.
TON TRADING CO. ( RANGOON:—HARPERINK, SMITH & Co.
OT
w A YT^
B
S^^ yRGr:—ELEICHRODER (k Co. ■ SAN FRANCISCO:—STEWART S. LOWERY
MOT
°SHIGE. & Co.
SINGAPORE:—MCALISTER k Co., LTD.
LIYERPO O L:—BRODRICH, LEITCH < SEATTLE:—CALHOUN, DENNY k EWING.
KENDALL. \ SYDNEY :—BOWDEN BROS, k Co., LTD.
A.rtd. all other principal ports in the M^oPld^.
INSURANCES xxiii
Cbe Imperial marine transport
AND
fire Insurance Co-, Ctd-
ESTABLISHED 1898
Subscribed Capital ... Yen 3,000,000.000.
Reserve Funds .... ,, 2,574,806.484.
HEAD OFFICE:
No. 6, KITA SAYACHO, NIHONBASHI-KU, TOKYO.
Telephone Nos. 1935-8 (HONKYOKU).
BRANCH OFFICES:
OSAKA and KOBE.
Policies are granted at Current Rates to all parts of the
World, payable at its numerous Agencies.
Claims arranged by local Agents and paid with promptitude
and Liberality.
Xxiv INSURANCES AND SHIPPING
Fire ana marine Insurance Cos.
T H £ UNITED:
Netherlands Lloyd of Amsterdam, Established 1853
East-India Sea and Fire Insurance Co. of Amsterdam, Established 1832
Batavia Sea and Fire Insurance Co. of Batavia, Established 1843
Java Sea and Fire Insurance Co. of Ba'avia, Established 1861
WORKING ON JOINT ACCOUNT
.are prepared to issue Fire and Marine policies at current rates. Policies can be made
payable at the Companies’ Branches or Agencies throughout the world. y
Claims payable without reference to Head Office.
Subscribed Capital ad. FI. 9,700,000.00
Reserve Funds ad. „ 1,408,642.74
Premium Reserved ad. „ 1,421,294.98
BANKERS FOR CHINA:
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation.
Netherlands Trading Society.
SHANGHAI BRANCH OFFICE:
8b, Kiukfang: Road. Manager: R. A. KREULEN.
SALE &
FRAZAR, LTD.,
JAPAN,
TOKYO, KOBE, YOKOHAMA and MOJI.
Chartering, Sale and Purchase of Steamers.
AGENCIES
London Assurance (Fire) Corporation.
Bank Line, Limited (Indian African and Oriental-African Lines)
Ellerman & Bucknall Steamship Co;, Ltd.
(American and Manchurian Line).
(Atlantic, Gulf and Far East Line).
Isthmian Steamship Lines.
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company
. . . (Trans-Pacific 1 ine.)
The “Ellerman” Line ^European Service).
INSURANCES AND SHIPPING XXV
WHEEXOCK & CO.
Ship, Freight, Metal, Coal and General Brokers
Agents for the
Shanghai Tug & Lighter Co., Ltd.
No. 2, French Bund, Shanghai. Telephone Nos. 18 & 2793.
Submarine Signal Co.
The British Anti-Fouling Composition and Paint Co., Ltd.
Contractors to the Admiralty.
Stocks kept at all the docks in Shanghai. Prices upon application.
General Accident, Fire, Life Assurance Corporation, Ltd.
Telegraphic Address:
“Whlelock, Shanghai.” Agents:
Watkins’
Wetmore’s & Codes:
Appendix.-
C'. 4th 3rd& 5thEdition.
A.AlJi.Telegraphic Edit ions
CodeCode. r WfiEELOCK CO.
Western
Scott’s Code Union1906,Tel.Tenth Edn. Telephone No. 587. No. 2, French Eund, SHANGHAI
Telegrams: Codes:
“NUTTER, MOJI."’ NUTTER Sc GO ABC 5th, Al,
Telephone No. 866 5 Scott’s 10th,
I’. O. Box No, 3 East Main Street (Higashi Hon Machi) Western Union.
MOJI, JAPAN.
Shipping, Coal Bunkering, Commission, Insurance,
Import and Exports, Surveyors and Auctioneers,
Government Contractors.
SALE AXD PUitCHASE OF STEAMERS A SPECIALITV.
AGENTS FOR :
The Robert Dollar Company. North of England Protecting and Indem-
Birch, Kirby & Co., Ltd., Kobe & London. nity Association.
Suffern & Suffern, New York. i “iCommercial.
Kyushu.
Japan” Trade Journal, >
Transatlantic Marine Insurance Co. ,
Hind Rolph & Co., San Francisco. Sun Fire Office.
F. Green & Co., London. Manufacturers’ Life Insce. Association.
New Zealand Insurance Co., Ltd. Etc., etc., etc.
brU A... • A /
Chartering Experience of over ,30 years. Correspondence irtvi ted.
XXTi INSURANCES AND SHIPPIN
McAlister & Co., la
Singapore^ Penang, and Federated Malay States.
SHIPPING AND COAL MERCHANTS
INSURANCE . AND BUNKERING
AGENTS . . TRADE MARK. CONTRACTORS, etc.
ESTABLISHED 1857.
Cable Address :—“ McALISTER. ”
London Correspondents: -Messrs. Mcllwraith McEacharn & Co.f Propy., Ltd.
AKK.XTS FOR—
Mcllwraith, McEacharn & Co., Propy., Ltd. (Australian
Line.)
Toyo Risen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Co.). Steamers of this
Line leave Hongkong at regular and frequent intervals for San
Francisco, via Shanghai, Nagasaki, Kobe, Yokohama, and
Honolulu. Passengers booked to principal points in United
States and Europe. Special round-the-world tours arranged.
EUerman & Bucknall Steamship Co., Ltd. (American and
Manchurian Line). A regular service of steamers to and from
New York, via all principal China-Japan ports, and Straits
Settlements. ( “ Ellerman ” Line.) A regular service of
steamers from Far East to Marseilles, London and Liverpool.
Howard, Smith Co., Ltd. (Australian Line of Passenger and
Cargo Steamers).
Seaham Colliery Co., Ltd.
Abermain Colliery Co., Ltd.
Hetton Coal Co., Ltd.
Queensland Insurance Co., Ltd.
Nippon Marine Transport and Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
Every facility for bunkering steamers with Australian and
Japanese Coals, and supplying all requirements.
SHIPPING xxYii
P. Sa O. B. I.
AND
Apcar Line
Companies incorporated in England,
PENINSULAR & ORIENTAL S. N. Co.
ROYAL MAIL SERVICE
Under Contract with H. M. Government.
OUTWARDS HOMEWARDS
To Straits, Colombo, India,
Shanghai and Japan. Australasia, Egypt,
Marseilles and London.
ForSailing,
full information,
apply to Passage Fares, Freights, Hand Books, Dates of
Telephone No. 19. E. V. D. PARR, Superintendent.
BRITISH INDIA S. N. Co., Ltd.
NEW SERVICE OF STEaMERS BETWEEN
YOKOHAMA, KOBE, HONGKONG A xi D RANGOON.
Steamers are despatched Eastward and Westward at regular intervals taking
Passengers and Cargo at Current Hates.
For Freight or Passage, Sailings and full information, apply to
Telephone No. 215. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co., Agents.
APCAR LINE.
REGULAR SERVICE BETWEEN
SHANGHAI AND JAP/ N PORTS, STRAITS, RANGOON AND CALCUTTA.
Steamers are despatched Eastward and Westward at regular intervals
taking Passengers and Cargo at Current Rates.
For Freight or Passage, Sailings and full information, apply to
Telephone No. 828. DAVID SASSOON & Co., Ltd., Agents.
xxviii SHIPPING
INDO-Cm STEM NMIIGiniON Co., Ltd.
The Company’s Ocean and Coasting Fleet:
Steamer
“Kutsang-” Steamer Tons
“Namsang” 2326 ““ Mausang” ” ” 2161 “ Yusang”
““ T.Kumsang
aisang- ” ” ““ Kwongsang”
Choysang” 2284
2284 ““ Hopsang
Hangsang
Koonshing ” 2143 ““ Waishing
2148 Tungshing” ” 1868
1865
1783
“' ‘ Fooksang
Ilinsang”” ” “ Fooshing”
“Yatshing ” 2283 ““ Cheongshing
Chipshing’’ ” “ Wosang”
“Loongsang ” 1783
““Suisang”
Onsang ““ Fausang
Chunsang” ” 2251 “ Kingsing ”
2217 “Taksang” ““ Loksang"
Yuensang”
The Company’s Yangtsze River Fleet
•S. S. “ Luongwo ” 3924 S. S. “ Tuckwo ” 3770 S. S. “Changwo” 1065
S. S. “ Kutwo ” 2665 S. S. “ Kiangwo ” 2174 S. S. “ Tungwo ” 1350
S. S. “ Suiwo ” 2672
Calcutta, Hongkong, Shanghai, and Japan Line
The steamers Kutsang (4895 Tons), Namsang (4034 Tons), and Fooksang (3100
Tons) maintain a three-weekly service between Calcutta and Kobe, calling at Penang,
Singapore, Hongkong and Shanghai en route, in addition to Moji when westward
bound.
Calcutta, Hongkong and direct to Japan Line
In addition to the above, the Laisang (3459 Tons), Kumsang (3236 Tons), and
Yatshing (2283 Tons) run at 3-weekly intervals between the above ports.
Hongkong and Manila Line
A weekly service is also maintained between Hongkong and Manila by the S. S.
Yuensang and Loongsang, leaving each port on Saturday.
Canton, Hongkong, Tientsin Line
A regular fortnightly service between these ports is maintained from March to
mid November.
Canton, Hongkong, Shanghai Line
A regular service is maintained between the above ports with sailings about once
a week from Hongkong.
Haiphong, Hoihow, Hongkong Line
A weekly service is maintained between the above ports by the S. S. Loksang and
Taksang, leaving each port about every Wednesday.
Jardine, Genera!
Matheson Managers
& Co., at
Limited Hongkong
SHIPPING XXI:*
Capital, Yen 24,750,000
Debentures - - „ 7,000,000
Fleet: 155 Steamers - - 300,000 Tons.
HEAD OFFICE: OSAKA, JAPAN
Hongkong Office: No. 1, Queen’s Buildings.
BRANCHES :—Osaka, Kobe, Moji,Naw.i,
hama, Beppu,Pusan,
Kagoshima, Shimonoseki,
Keelung, Yokohama, Nagasaki,Anping,
Taipeh, Dairen,
Tamsui, Kochi, Takao,
T.ika-
Pescadores, Mokpo, Chemulpo,
Ilongkomr, Bombay, Canton, Tacoma, U. S. A. Ohinnampo, Foochow, Amoy,
AGENCIES:—Tokyo,
Niigata, Yokohama,
Tsuruga, Masampo,Shimizu, Nagoya,
Seishin,Yokkaichi,
Wonsan,Tientsin, Kuasampo, Hakodate, Otaru,
Yladivostock,
Antung,
Shanghai, Port Arthur,
Swatow, Newchwang,
Batavia, Sam iraug, Chefoo,
Soerabaya, Tsingtau,
Mac ass ir. Hankow,
Sandakin,
Hoihow, Pal;hoi,
Rangoon, Calcutta,inHaiphong,
Colombo, Manila, Saigon, Bangkok,
and allSingapore, Penantr,
ports and points the Orient Victoria, Vancouver
and American Continent. other important
REGULAR, SERVICES.
AMERICAN LINE—Fortnightly, in connection at Tacoma with the Chicago, Milwaukee and St.
Paul Railway.
JAPAN-SAN
JAVA FRANCISCO
LINE—Monthly. LINE—Monthly.
KOBE-BOMBAY LINE-Fortnightiy.
TSURUGA-VLADIVOSTOCK LINE—Weekly, in connection with I. J. Railways and Trans-Siberian
Railway.
OTARU-VLADIVOSTOCK LINE—About three times a amonth.
OSAK A-KOREA-VLADIVOSTOCK
OSAKA-DAIREN (DALNY) LINE-Three
LINE—Twice a Week,timesin connection
month. with I. J. Government Railways and
South Manchurian
NAGASAKI-DAIREN Railway.
LINE—Via Korean Ports, Weekly.
YOKOHAMA-DAIREN
KOBE-KEELUNG LINE—Three
LINE—Six times
times Railways. a month.
a month, in connection with I. J. Government Railways and
Imperial Formosan
YOKOHAMA-TAKOW Government
LINE—About Eight atimes
FORMOSA COASTING
KESLUNG-HONGKONG LINE-Nine
LI ME—Weekly. times month.a month.
CANTON-TAKOW
TAKOW-TIENTSIN LINE—Fortpjghtly.'
LINE—Weekly. in connection with I. J. Government Railways.
OSAKA-TIENT3IN
03OSAKA-KOREAN LINE—Weekly,
VKA-TSINGTAIJLINES,
LINE—Weekly.
CALLING ALL PORTS—About Twenty times a month.
&c., Ac., &c.
JAPAN
The COASTING & INLAND
O. S.runK. toInland SEA SERVICES—Steamers
Sea Service are despatched
is ideal for sight-seeing DAILY.as
on the littorals,
steamers all points.
XXX SHIPPING
f %
Dairen Risen Kaisha.
HEAD OFFICE Dairen, Manchuria.
BRANCHES:—Tientsin, Antung, Tsingtau and Kcte^
AGENCIES:—Shanghai, Chefoo, Lungkou, Pitsuwo
and Port Arthur.
Tsai: co.nr.i~\' fFI.EF/S's
Steamer Tons Steamer Tons
“RYUSHO MARU” 2,880 “ SA1TSU MARI ” 1,138
“ TAISHO MARU” 2,579 “ RYOIIEI MARU ” 757
“ HAKUSHIN MARU ” 1,535 “RTSAIMARU” 663
“ISSHI3S MARU” ... 1,486 “BENTEX MARU” 199
“TENCHO MARU ” 1,300
REGULAR SERVICES:
DAIREN-ANTUNG-TIENTSIN LINE ... Six times a month.
DAIREN-TSINGTAU LINE „
DAIREN-LUNGKOU LINE „
DAIREN-PITSUWO LINE Ten „
TSINGTAU-SHANGHAI LINE Four „
The passengers between Japan and Tientsin can regularly
connect at Dairen with the steamers of Osaka Shosen Kaisha's
Osaka-Dairen Line.
SHIPPING xxxi
Douglas Steamsbip Companp, £•!
HQNCKONC AND SOUTH CHINA COAST PORT SERVICE.
Regular Service of Fast, High-Class Coast Steamers having good
accommodation for First Class Passengers, Electric Light and
Fans in Staterooms and Excellent Cuisine. Arrivals and
Departures from the Company’s Wharf (near Blake Pier).
Sailing to Swatow Four times Weekly, to Amoy and Foochow
Twice Weekly, on Tuesday and Friday. Round trip to
Foochow, calling at Swatow and Amoy, occupies about nine
days. Stay of Steamers at Swatow and Amoy on upward
and downward trip about 8 hours. Stay at Foochow 48 hours.
FLEET OF STEAMERS:
“ Haiyans ” Tons 2,289
“ Haichine ” 2,080
** Haihong ” 2,026
Haitan ”... 1,856
For Freight and Passage apply to: —
Agents at Coast Ports:—
At Amoy—Messrs. DOUGLAS LAPRAIK & Co.
At Swatew and Foochow—Messrs. JARD1NE, MATHESON & Co., Ltd.
xxxii SHIPPING AND MACHINERY
BETWEEN JAPAN, HONGKONG AND AUSTRALIA.
emm i mmm steamship com lb,
HIGHEST CLASS BRITISH STEAMSHIPS.
The splendid Steamers of the E. & A. Line keep op a Service between Japan,
Hongkong and Queensland ports to Sydney and Melbourne at frequent intervals.
Vessels also call at Manila, Port Darwin’etc.' when inducement offers.
Each Steamer has Electric Light throughout, and is fitted with Refrigerating
Chambers, which ensure a supply of Fresh Provisions during the entire voyage.
A duly Qualified Surgeon and Stewardess are carried.
iNT.i3.—To ensure the additional comfort of passengers the steamers of
this Company have electric fans fitted in state-rooms. They are also fitted
with Wireless Telegraphy.
For Freight and Passage apply to
GIBB, LIVINGSTON & 00.,
Agents cat Hongkong, .Shanghai and Foochow.
OIL MILL MACHINERY
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, FOR ALL OIL-BEARING SEEDS & NUTS.
BY THE OLDEST AND LARGEST MAKERS IN THE WORLD
THE “KINGSTON”
GRAB-DREDGER and EXCAVATOR
SIMPLEST. CHEAPEST. BEST.
jfOR ALL DREDGING PURPOSES ASHORE AND AFLOAT,
CATALOGUES, ESTIMATES AND FULL INFORMATION ON APPLICATION.
ROSE, DOWNS & THOMPSON, LIMITED.
S EC IT Gr H ^ X .
HEAD OFFICE & WORKS :-HULL, ENGLAND. : ' <'LOND0N OFFICE ;-l2, MARK LANE, E.C,
. , fiSJAjBLISHED ,1777..
SHIPPING xxxii
Toyo Kisen Kaisha
(Oriental Steamship Co.)
imperial Japanese XTrans^paciftc /Ifcail OLines
SAW FRANCISCO LIME;
New Triple Screw Turbine Steamers, 22,coo Tons and 21 Knots Speed
“TENYO MARU” “SHINYO MARU”
Twin Screw “SIBERIA MARU” and “KOREA MARU”
18,400 Tons, 18 Knots,
The Twin Screw “NIPPON MARU” 11,000 Tons, 18 Knots, and
“ PERSIA MARU ” 9,000 Tons, 17 Knots,
And Three Cargo Steamers
From Hongkong via Shanghai, Japan Ports and Honolulu
DIRECT SAILINGS TO AND FROM MANILA
SOUTH AIWERICA LINE 5
From Hongkong via Japan Ports, Honolulu, Hilo, San Francisco,
Los Angeles, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Chili to Valparaiso
“K1YO MARU” “ANYO MARU” “SEIYO MARU”
17,200 Tons 18,500 Tons 14,000 Tons'
AH Steamers are Fitted with Wireless Telegraphy and Telephones
HEAD OFFICE:—Yokohama, Japan.
Haem ^
HONGKONG Mr. T. Daigo. I KOBE Mr. Y. Shimada.
SHANGHAI :-American Trading Co. YOKOHAMA i-General Traffic Dept.
MANILA:—Erlanger&Galinger,Inc. SINGAPORE :—McAlister NAGASAKIHolme, Ringer & Co. | PENANG:—Sandilands, Buttery&Co.
And at all the Important Cities of the World.
xxxiv RAILWAYS
Chinese Government Railways: Peking-Mukden Line
and Through Servicelioute:
Trans-Siberian between Pekingconnection
at Peking and Mukden,
is madeeonneet;ng with the South Railway
Manchuriafor Hankow
Exp res*
and
ChingYangts/e
Line, Ports,
and the and Intermediate
Pienio Railway to Points reached
Kaifengfu and bywiththe theCheu-Tai
Ilonaitfu.
Peking-Iiaiikow’
bineis also
Connection to Taiyuanfu,
made at the with
Peking Tao-
tiie
withpicturesque Kalgan Line,
the Tientsin-Pnkow Line“The Road to and
for Tsinanfn the (ireat Mali.” At Tientsin (Central) connection is made
Shanghai.
The Railways of North China Pass Through the Most Interesting Part of China.
Peking: the Capital, with in connection with the
its Walls, Palaces, Temples through ServiceandofSouth
Trans-Siberian the
and Tombs. Tientsin: the Manchuria Railways.
Great Trade Centre
North China. Tongshan: of
the Largest Mining and
Industrial Shan Townhaiku
in an:the donThrough
and otherTicketsplaces
to Lon-in
Country. Europe
atfromPekingcan be obtained
where
atthe the Great
theBusy
Sea. Wall ends
Newchwang: which and Tientsin
Stations Pas-
Commercial Port sengers’ Luggage can be
of Manchuria. Mukden: registered
stination. through to De-
the AncestralDynasty.
the Manchu Home ofA
Miniature Peking, with its Through Tickets are
Walls, issued and Passengers’
TemplesImperial
and Tombs.Palaces, Baggage registered
between through
the Important
The
equipped Through Trains are Stations on the Peking-
Dining Carwith Buffetandanda
Service, Mukden Railway and
South Manchuria
the
Railway,
Comfortable,
de Luxe of Modern Train
Compartment Chosen (Korean) Railway
Sleeping Cars is operated and Imperial Government
Railways of Japan.
For Informationiregarding the many places of interest in China, Tourists will
>’ Hand bool
iv of the Offices of Thos. Cook & Son. The Chineseuseful.
i for China” with Maps most It is obtainable
Government Railways
Time
Son, and The International Sleeping Car Co., Hotels, Clubs and at allThos.important
Table Book with Railway Map can be had at any of the Offices of Cook &
Stations. Full particulars on application to any ofontheapplication
Stations orto toanytheoffice
Traffic
America, Europe or the Far East of The Cie. International des Wagons-in
Manager of any of the Railways mentioned, and
Lits; Thos. Cook & Son; or Traffic Manager, Chinese Government
Railways (Peking-Mukden Lins), Tientsin, North China.
DOCKS XXXV
Ok Yokohama Dock
Companp. timiiccl.
Dry Dock and Warehouse Owners.
DIRECTORS:—
Chairman-ROKURO HARA, Esq.
Managing Directors— i Directors—
SHINKICHI YAMADA, Esq. TOSHINOBU SUDA, Esq.
SHIGEYA KONDO, Esq. | SOBEI MOGI, Esq.
DRY DOCK DEPARTMENT:
No. 1 Dock. No. 2 Dock. No. 3Y)ock.
Docking I ength ...515 feet. Docking Length ...376 feet. Docking Width ofLength
Entrance...481
63 feet.
„
Width of Entrance 80 „ Width of Entrance 50 „
Water on Blocks... 28 „ Water on blocks... 26 „ Water on Blocks...21.5 „
Mooring Basin 600 feet x 180 feet x 25 feet deep.
Every description
material ofshafts
repair workin stock.
is undertaken. A large assortmentfloatingof
derrick toincluding
lift up to tail
45 tons, is kept
pneumatic, Two powerful
electric, hydraulic towetc.
plants, boats,Manufac-
turers
on shortofnotice
engines, boilers,ortugs,
by letter cable.lighters, constructional steel work, etc. Tenders
WAREHOUSE DEPARTMENT:—
TELEPHONES Head Office, Nos. 533, 575 ; Midori-cho Customs Branch
Office, No. 1392; Irifune-cho Customs Branch Office, No. 2251.
Containing private bonded warehouses and sugar consumption tax covered
warehouses.
14 acres.buildings,
99 principally
Direct water of ofbrick
frontage 2.36and
milessteel, Floor area
in length, part67,917
havingsquare yards
a depth of 25or
feet at low water, suitable for steamers discharging direct into warehouses.
way siding with direct connection to the Government Railways. Use of 45-ton Rail-
derrick, tugs, launches, etc. Every description
brokerage and insurance undertaken. Rates moderate. of warehousing. Custom-house
AGENCIES:—
Ota Hanroku Jimusho, Yurakucho, TOKYO.
Goko Shokai, Sakaye-machi Itchome, KOBE.
xxxvi DOCKS
THE YOKOHAMA DOCK Co., Ltd.
DRY DOCK NO 1 515 FT
I.2.. CUSTOMS
ENGLISH OUAY.
HATORA •>y NO Z 37 b »
NO 3 ^-31 »
3 SAKURAGICHO RY.STATION.'
4. ' YOKOHAMA RY STATION.
5. KANAGAWA RY. S TAT ION.
DOCKS xxxvii
Codes Used:
Cable Address: Al, A.B.C. (4th & 5th),.
Engineering, Lieber’s,
“DOCKYARD,” KOBE. and
Western Union Codes,.
KOBE MAIM WORKS,
SHIPBUILDERS, ENGINEERS and REPAIRERS.
Sole Manufacturers of Curtis Marine
Steam Turbines, M.A.N.’s Diesel Oil
Engines, Schmidt’s Superheaters for iniin:\ mu
Higashi Shiriike, Marine and Locomotive use, Westing-
house Lebranc’s Refrigerators, Con- Dairen, Manchuria,
KOBE. densers, Air Pumps, R. Allen’s .Pis- N.C.
tons, Packings, Yarrow’s & Robinson’s
Superheaters, etc., and Licensed.
Manufacturers of Makers of Thornycroft’s Steam
Boilers and Oil Fuel Burners and DOCKYARD & ENGIN-
LOCOMOTIVES, Weir’s Pumps, Evaporators, Feed
RAILWAY & ELECTRIC Heating and Distilling Plant. EERING WORKS.
CARRIAGES, ffli SHII'BUIIMG BERTHS.
HEAVY STEEL Capacity: Graving Dock:
Vessels up to 950 feet Length - - 412 feet.
and (about 40,000 tons).
IROH CASTINGS, Breadth - 51 feet.
WATER & GAS PIPES, GRAVING DOCK AND
PATENT SLIPS.
GIRDERS & BRIDGES, Powerful Salvage and Towing Powerful Salvage and
PLANKS and Boat will be supplied Towing Boat will be
SAW-MILLING, at Short Notice. supplied at
One 200-ton Floating Crane and
etc., etc. Cranes of Medium Capacity. Short Notice.
ffc S # ft til Si « @r
pt. F itr . 111 ^ .| ^ T @
c
xxxviii BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS
MARUZEN COMPANY, LTD.
PUBLISHERS, BOOKSELLERS, STATIONERS,
DRY-GOODS & OUTFITTERS.
11 16, NBHONBASHI TOR! SAHCHQIHE, TOKYO.
TELEPHONES:-Nos. 28 (Special), 17, 208, 876, 1,033, 1,039, 3,332,
4,229, 4,323, 4,345, 4,908, and 5,090, H0NKY0KU
THE LARGEST AND OLDEST PUBLISHERS AND IMPORTERS OF FOREIGN
BOOKS IN THE EAST.
THE LARGEST AND OLDEST IMPORTERS OF FOREIGN STATIONERIES
(TYPEWRITERS AND FOUNTAIN PENS ESPECIALLY) IN THE EAST.
THE LARGEST INK MANUFACTURERS IN THE EAST.
AGENTS FOR THE FAR EAST OF LEADING PUBLISHERS AND STATIONERS
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
ALL BOOKS—Supplied In Any Language, No Matter On What Subject.
WRITE US—We Can Get You Any Book Published In The World.
BRANCHES:
O S A K AShinsaibashi-sti]i, Bakuromachi, Shichome.
KYOTO:—Sanjodori, Fuyacho-Nishi-ye-iru.
FUKUOKA:—Kami-Nishimachi.
SENDAI:—Kokubuncho.
PLEASE STATE WANTS.
When in JAPAN call and see our Large Collection on Exhibition
in Show Rooms.
COAL MERCHANTS xxxix
Cable Ad:—“IWASAKISAL” Al, A.B.C. 5th Edition,
Coal Department, Head Office, ♦
“ IWASAKI ” Bentley's and
All Eranch Offices. Western Union Codes used.
MITSUBISHI COSHIKWAISHA
CMIITSTTIBISH:! CO.)
COAL DEPARTMENT
HEAP OFFICE: —MARUNOUCHI. TOKIO.
branch OFFICES t — NAGASAKI. MOJI, KARATSU,
WAKAMATSU, OTARU, MURORAN, HAKODATE,
KOBE, OSAKA, KURE, TOKYO, YOKOHAMA,
NAGOYA, TSURUGA, LONDON, NEW YORK,
SHANGHAI, HONGKONG, HANKOW, PEKING,
VLADIVOSTOCK, HAIPHONG & CANTON.
All Letters Addressed:—MANAGER, MITSUBISHI CO., with Name of Place above
AGENCIES:
MANILAMessrs. Macotstdray & Co. I GLASGOW :—Messrs. A. R. Browi*
SINGAPOREMessrs. Borneo Co., Ld. | McFarlane & Co., Lr>.
Solb Proprietors op TAKASHIMA, OCHI, MUTABE, YOSHINOTANI,
KISHIDAKE, HO JO, KANADA, NAMAZUTA, SAYO, SHINNEW,
KAMI-YAMADA, B1BAI, AND OYUBARI COLLIERIES.
Sole Agents for:
SflKITO coat.
The Head and Branch Offices and the Agencies of the Company will
receive any order for Coals produced from the above Collieries.
C*
xl COAL MERCHANTS
KAIPING COALS
THE KAiUN MINING ADMINISTRATION.
Head OfficeTientsin, ^orth China.
The Collieries situated in the Kaiping District of the Province of Chihli have an
output of 4,000,000 tons per annum, which is classified to meet the local demands as
•under:—
Navy Lump is a fuel specially suited to the Far Eastern Naval requirements ; pos-
sessing all the characteristics of the best Cardiff coal.
LOCO. Lump.—A first quality steam coal comparing favourably with the best
Japanese, Australian or Scotch coals. As a special fuel for locomotives,
it is used on all the Chinese Railways North of the Yangtze. Locomotive
Lump mixed with a proportion of slack from the same seams is used as a
bunker coal by all the large Eastern Shipping concerns. For steady steam-
ing this mixture gives excellent results, being both cheap and economical in
consumption.
Linsi Lump is a good quality coal most suitable for household purposes.
Slack in two grades is a good, cheap fuel largely in demand by the Chinese in the
brick-burning and distilling industries, in bean cake factories, etc., and tor
general domestic use.
Coke of a SPECIAL quality, manufactured with great care from the best coal, is
used with good results by the Government Arsenals, Mints and Dockyards and
is considered equal in quality to the best Durham product. It is close-grained,
hard, heavy and free from sulphur.
No. 2 Coke is used for household purposes.
Firebricks Marked
in any size and shapeK.M.A. of the well-known
at the Tongshan C.E.M.C.L.
Brickworks. brandofarefirebrick
This brand made
practically monopolizes the refractory clay trade from Netherlands India to
Manchuria and is used exclusively by the large iron producing works in the
Far East as well as the prominent Municipal and Government power works
throughout China.
Brown Glazed Stoneware Pipes. Glazed Tiles.
-A”or all information please apply to:—
General Manager—Tientsin.
Agent—i, Jinkee Road, Shanghai.
Agents—Messrs. Dodwell & Co., Ltd., Hongkong,
or any of the Administration’s Agencies.
IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS xli
C. ABDOOLA & CO..
IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS AND AGENTS,
Japan Agents:
Imperial Flour and Oil Mills, Limited,
28, Sannomiya Ichome, KOBE, JAPAN.
P. O. Box No. 171. Telegrams: ABDOOLA.
Telephones: Sannomiya 705, 760, 895 & 1023.
Import of everything from Raw Cotton.
Export of all the commodities carried
under five departments.
BEST REFERENCES.
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
xlii IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS
THE
EKMAN
FOREIGN AGENCIES, Limited,
6, KIANGrSE ROAD, SHANGHAI.
IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS,
SHIPPING AGENTS.
SPECIALITYPaper oi All Kinds,
Pulp and Paper Mill Supplies.
AGENTS:
THE SWEDISH ASIATIC Co., Ld.,of GOTHENBURG,
Regular Fortnightly Steamship Service
between Sweden and China/Japan.
AT GOTHENBURG (SWEDEN):
Messrs. EKMAN & Co., Estd. 1802.
IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS xliii
Founded Over Half A Century.
P. O. Box 68. Codes used :
A.B.C. 4th and 5th Editions,
•General Cable Address : Al, Scott’s, Lieber’s, Bentley’s,
“MASUMASU,” Western Union, Okay Zebra
YOKOHAMA. and Private Codes.
Trade Mark.
Masuda & Co.
(Masuda Gomel Kaisha).
68 and 69, Shichome, Honcho, YOKOHAMA,
JAPAN.
General Importers and Exporters
Shipping Brokers
Principal Imports: Principal Exports:
Sugar, Wheat and other Grains, Wheat- j Timber and Lumber (Oak, Birch and
flour, Beancake, Beans and other Cereals, | Pine), Sulphur, Raw and Refined Sugar,
Zinc ore and Concentrates, Copper ore, i Rice, Barley, Oats and other Cereals,
Lead, Iron and Steel, Tin and Tin-solder; Beans, Peas, Maize, Wheat Flour, Chemi-
Sulphate of Ammonia, Nitrate of Soda cals, Superphosphates, Bean cakes, Veget-
.-and other Fertilizers; Chemicals, Wood- able and Fish Oils, Menthol, Tinned
pulp, Hops, Hides and Skins, Tallow, Salmon, Tinned Crabs, Coal, Manganese
Wool, Wool-yarn and Tops; Bonemeal, ore, Wolframite, Graphites, Copper,
Rape-cake, Raw Cotton, Indigo, Orange- Copper wire, Spelter, Zinc Dust, Insula-
shellac, Resin, Glue, Gelatine, Teak, Pine, tors, Electrical Machinery and Instru-
Tapioca, Sago, Hessian, and Gunny-bags, ments, Gas Fittings, Porcelain, Portland
Rattan and Mat, Rubber, Caustic Soda, Cement, Toys, Silk and Cotton Goods,
Soda Ash, etc., etc. Glassware, etc., etc.
Branches:—Tokyo, Kobe, Osaka, Shimonoseki, Dairen,
Shanghai, Tientsin, Hankow, Fusan, Sydney & London.
Masuda Saw Mill, Masuda Flour Mill,
YOKOHAMA. KOBE.
Yokohama Beancake Mill,
YOKOHAMA.
Matsuo Sulphur Mine, Masuda Sugar Refinery,
IWATE. YOKOHAMA.
xliv MERCHANTS
flrculli Brothers,
MERCHANTS and COMMISSION AGENTS,
64, QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL, HONCKONC.
Telegraphic Address: “CURLY.” Telephone No. 409.
SOLE AGENTS FOE:
SEAMING TWINES of Messrs. Linificia and CanapificiO'
Nazionale of Milan, Italy.
"ACORN BRAND" ELASTIC BOOT WEB and BOOT
LOOPING of Messrs. Flint, Pettit & Flint, of
Leicester, England.
John D. Hutchison & Co.
IMPORT AND EXPORT,
King’s Buildings, Connaught Road Central.
Telephone No. 63. Tel. Ad: “ SPERO,” Hongkong.
AGENCIES:
Patriotic Assurance Co. Quaker Oats Co.
Muller, Maclean & Co.,
New York. Roneo, Ltd.
Colgate & Co , Perfumers. Oliver Typewriter Co r
Belfast Ropeworks Co., Ltd.
Ltd., Ireland. J. & J. Colman, Ltd., Lon-
Nicholson File Co., Provi- don and Norwich,
dence, R.I.
MERCHANTS
CILLON h COMPANY.
MERCHANTS,
YOKOHama, japan.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
James Buchanan & Co., Ltd.
Gordon’s London Dry Gin Co., Ltd.
Bollinger Champagne.
Jas. Hennessy & Co.
British-American Tobacco Co.
Alex. Pirie & Sons, Aberdeen.
Apperly, Curtis & Co., Strand.
Etc., Etc.
H. GOLDENBERG & Co.
6b, Kiangse Road,
GENERAL MERCHANTS.
Safe Agents Jor:—
DERHAM LUMBER Co., Manila, P.I.
Suppliers of finest Hardwood for Railways and^ Con-
structional purposes.
PRATT & LAMBERT, INC., New York, U.S.A.
Paints, Enamels, Varnishes and Stains.
WIRT ELECTRIC SPECIALTY Co., Phil., U.S.A.
Electric Specialties (Dim-a-lites).
BADGER FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Co. U.S.A.
Household Fire Extinguishers.
POLAKS FRUTAL WORKS, Amersfoort, Holland.
Oils, Essences, Synthetics and Natural Perfumes, &c.
JAMES & JOHN G. SCOTT, Glasgow, Scotland.
Oil Merchants, White Lead Paints, Colours, &c.
xlvi CEMENT MANUFACTURERS
Green Island Cement Co„
Limited,
Manufacturers of
The Best Portland Cement
IN THE EAST.
It is the only Cement
used by the British
Government of
Hongkong.
BEWARE OF
IMITATIONS.
DRAIN PIPES,
FIRE BRICKS,
FIRE CLAY,
AND TILES.
For further particulars apply to
SHEWAN, TOMES & CO.,
Hongkong, Shanghai, Tientsin, Kobe,
CEMENT MANUFACTURERS xlvii
PORTLA! CEiENT CO., LTD.
Telegraphic
Telephone: Address:
No. 266. “CIPORTIN
HAIPHONG.”
COPE
English :
A.B.C. Code
5th EDITION.
General Agents:
COCHIN-CHINA, CAMBODGE and LAOS DESCOURS & CABAUD.
Shanghai,
Hankow,
Tientsin
RACINE, ACKER- mgapore:
MANN & Co. DUPIRE
Philippine I-4S BROTHERS.
Islands:
SMITH, BELL & Netherlands
Co., Ltd. India:
HANDELS-
Bangkok: VEREENIGING
MONOD & Co. “ROTTERDAM.”
USE DRAGON BRAND
FOR HIGH CLASS SOLID AND ENDURING CONSTRUCTION
xlviii HOTELS
Grand Hotel de Pekin,
X* 1E1 ]E 3$r G- -
Societe Anonyme francaise au capital de $250,000'
Telegraphic Address: “ ITALO,” PEKING. Codes: A. B. C. 5th Edition.
Telephone No. 581 Ting-Chu.
Pei- Tching- Ta-Fan- Tien. 0 ^^
Yis-a-¥is ITALIAN LEGATION. On the Glacis. Entirely Rebuilt 1915.
Modern Sanitation. Sixty Rooms. Steam Heating throughout.
Every Room has private Bath and Flush Toilet.
Hot and Cold Water.
CTTISITTE.
For Terms apply to
B. RUSSO, Manager,
GRAND HOTEL DE PEKING Co.
HOTELS AND BICYLE MANUFACTURERS xlix
PEAK HOTEL,
HONGKONG.
Fjrst-Class Besidential and Tourist Hotel.
Telegraphic Address: “PEACEFUL.”
1,400 FEET ABOVE SEA-LEVEL.
15 MINUTES FROM PRINCIPAL
LANDING STAGE.
Telephone in Every Room.
European Runner Meets Incoming Steamers.
International Bicycle Cq.
CYCLE AND RICKSHA MANUFACTURERS,
GENERAL IMPORTERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS.
Head Office and Show Room :
RUE DE FRANCE, TIENTSIN.
BranclKS and flguicies:
KAIFENGFU, POATINGFU, PEKING, MUKDEN,
NEWCHVYANG, TA1YUANFU, TSINANFU.
Cable Address;— “ CYCLOPS.' Telephone No. 1391.
Code:—A.B.C. 5th Edition. Hong NameQUAI-LEE*
1 GARAGES
The Eastern Garage Co.,
129a & 130a, Szechuan Road, SHANGHAI.
CARS FOR HIRE.
Telephone No. 1159.
OPEN DAY AND NIGHT.
Try a ride in our 1916 Model 7-passenger
Cadillac Cars.
Exile Garage,
Nos. 33 and 35, Des Voeux Road, HONGKONG.
CARS FOR HIRE.
Automobiles and Motocycles
Repairs Executed by Expert Mechanics.
Telephone No. 1036. Cable Address: “ EXILE.’'
SHOEMAKERS AND AUCTIONEERS If
CHING KENG LEE & CO.,
SINGAPORE.
Auctioneers, Valuers and Estate Agents.
Auctioneers appointed by the Supreme Court to
conduct the largest and most important Sale
of Real Estate ever held in Singapore.
VALUATIONS MADE, MORTGAGES ARRANGED,
AND RENTS COLLECTED.
AGENCIES: AUCTION SALES OF
Hong Joo’s Estate, Malacca. House & Landed Properties Every
Monday.
Eastern United Assurance Pawnbrokers’
Corporation, Ltd. held Monthly. Pledges
Unredeemed
lii BUSINESS NOTICES
MORINAGA CONFECTIONERY CO., LIMITED,
12, Itchome, Tamachi, Shiba-ku, TOKYO, JAPAN.
Branch OSAKA.
Capital ¥500,000 (Paid up)
Annual Sales ¥3,000,000
MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONERS.
Our Speciality; CANDIES and BISCUITS.
Only Factory making Foreign Confections in the Orient.
DE. SOUSA & Co.,
GENERAL MERCHANTS,
No. 20, DBS V
EXPORTERS OF CHINA PRODUCE AND MANUFACTURED GOODS.
IMPORTERS OF ALL CLASSES OF EUROPEAN, AMERICAN AND AUSTRALIAN PRODUCTS,
AND WINES AND SPIRITS.
li U R Q D A ,
MANUFACTURER OF
ARTISTIC BRONZE: GOLD, SILVER m COPPER BRONZE,
No. 19, Teramachi, Shijo Minami, KYOTO.
Telephone No. 1714 (SHIMO).
Cold Medal: Panama Pacific International Exhibition.
BUSINESS NOTICES liii
THE SINO'SWISS COMMERCIAL CO.,
55, SZECHUEN ROAD, SHANGHAI
Telegraphic Address: “SWISS,” SHANGHAI
AGENCIES:
Society of Chemical Industry of Basle, Basle.
The Federal Insurance Co., Ltd., in Zurich.
M. Winteler, agent, Mes rs Volkart Bros.,
Inda.
M. WIMELER and E. HIRER, Signs the firm.
CHUNG NGOI SAN- PO
The oldest and most widely circulated
Chinese paper in South China.
Fo~ advertisement tariff apply to
Hongkong Daily Prfss,
10a, Des Voeux Road Central,
HONGKONG.
BUSINESS NOTICES
-A-<3-33 Iff T S8 "W A 3XT T E X> ■
Stockings, Socks, Singlets, Sweaters and Underwear.
Summer and Winter Qualities.
CHEAPEST PRICES.
Why pay for high-'priced articles when our cheap
goods are as good ?
Ask for samples from
RAM HING KNITTING COMPANY, LIMITED,
Kow/loon, Hongkong.
N.B.—This is a British Company.
TSANG FOO & Co., siaa#
Co&l Merchants and Stevedores,
No. 48, Des Voeux Road Central, HONGKONG.
Coal Storage for 10,000 tons under cover in the Firm's Godowns-
at Wanchai and Yaumati.
The Bunkering of Steamers executed at the Shortest Notice.
Telephones 329, 330 and K80. Manager: TSANG FOO.
PRINTING AND BINDING
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION EXECUTED AT THE OFFICES
OF THE
HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, LIMITED,
10A, DES VCEUX ROAD, HONGKONG.
SHIPGHANDLERS Iv
BISMARCK & Co.
(A Chinese firm named Sun Man Woo Co.)
NAVAL CONTRACTORS Cable Address: PURVEYORS TO THE -
“ Bismarck ”
SHIPCHANDLERS, GENERAL HONGKONG. ENGLISH, - - - -
IMPORTERS, COAL ANO FRENCH, RUSSIAN -
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on Application. HARDWARE AND MACHINERY, •
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Ships’ and Engine Rooms’ Stores of all Descriptions
Always in Stock at REASONABLE PRICES.
* * *
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* * *
BAKERY:—Capable of putting out 10,000 lbs.
of Biscuits per Day.
18 & 19, CONNAUGHT ROAD CENTRAL,
Near Blake Pier, HONGKONG.
SHIPCHANDLEBS
te WING REE €1 CO., *
COAL MERCHANTS, SHIP CHANtLERS, STEVEDORES AMD
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Ships Coaled and Provisioned promptly at Lowest Rates.
Estimates Tendered and Guarantee Furnished on All
Contracts.
CORRESPONDENCE INVITED.
/I Complete Stock of Ships’ Supplies always on hand.
Cable Address: " CHICOTE.” FRANCISCO TSE YAT.
Telephone No. 144. General Manager.
A.B.C. Code 5th Edition’. Telegraphic Address :
Telephone No. 746. “KEESING,” HONGKONG.
sme IQ3I3 & co.,
SHIP CHANDLERS,
COMPRADORES AND STEVEDORES,,
Dio. 24a. CONNAUGHT ROAD. CENTRAL.
IIOINOKOIVO.
Keep on Hand every Description of Ships’ Provisions at
Lowest Prices; the Best Quality Guaranteed.
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SHIPCHAX DLERS AND STEYEDOEE Ivii
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CHEOHe WO &’ CO. *“s
SHIPCHANDLERS AND FLAG MAZERS,
METAL AND HARDWARE DEALERS AND
GENERAL STORE-KEEPERS,
No. 133, Des Vceux Road, Central, Hongkong.
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LEUNG RON T AI,
SS^E^r3E3J303Et,3ES-
TELEPHONE No. 687.
No. 14 and 15, Lee Yuen Street East
(2nd FLOOR),
HONGKONG.
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THE CALENDAR FOR 1917 lix
JANUARY—31 DAYS
Sunrise Sunset Hongkong Temperature
1st 7h. 03m. 5li. 50iu. 1915
15th 7h. 05m. 6h. 00m. Maximum 64.0 191665.5
Moon’s Phases Minimum
Mean 56.3 60.7
60.1 56.3
rl. h. m. Barometer, 1916
Full Moon 8 3 42 p.m. Mean 30.16
Last
New Quarter
Moon 2316 37 4042 p.m.
p.m. 1915 Rainfall 1916
First Quarter 3i> 9 1 a.m. 0.345 inches 4.075 inches
eruption at Taal, P.I.,
’lx THE CALENDAR FOR 191’
FEBRUARY-28 DAYS
Sunrise Sunset Hongkong Temperature 1915 1916
1st 7h. 02m. 6h. 11m. Maximum 67.8 62.9
'15th 6h. 5om. 6h. 20m. Minimum 59.4 56.1
Moon’sd. Phases h. m. Mean 63.6 59.6
"Full Moon 7 119 28 A.M. Barometer, 1916
Last Quarter 15 53 A.M. Mean 30.03
New Moon 22 2
First Quarter 29 0 449 A.M. A.M. 0.5051915 inches Rainfall 1.3051916 inches
Hays
Wkekoi |; Days
Monthof Moons
1 Thiirs. 10 Inhabitants
Chefoo atConvention of Hongkong came declared British subjects,
meeting1841.of International
The Additional Article onto
Fri. TlieOpium
German Shanghai,
Club at 1909.into force,
Hongkong opened,
1887. First
1872. Weihaiwei citadel captured
Commission
by Japanese,
3 1896. Loss of Daijin Maru, in the China Sea, 160 lives lost, 1916.
Sun. 4 13 Great robbery
West Riverriotsigned, in the Central Bank, Hongkong, discovered, 1865.
1897. foreign houses burned and looted, 1889. Local Administra- Agreement opening
Mon. 5 14 Anti-foreign tive bodies in at Chinkiang,
China suppressed, 1914.
Tues. 6 16 ThetheSpanish burning Envoy
of1904.theHaleon
Spanish arrived
brigstr.“at“Bilbaino,”
Macao to 1840.demandJapansatisfaction from the Chinese for
with Russia,smuggling
forkong,alleged Japanese
arms, 1908. Tatsu
Sir George ” seized byabroke
MaruPhillippo, Chinese
former
offgunboats
diplomatic
Chief nearrelations
Justice of Macao
Hong-
Wed.
Thurs. Suez
Thepurpose(’analdiedadopted
Spanish
at Geneva,
fleet
1914.regular route for the Eastern Mails, 1888.
as thethe
Russian takingleaves
ofgunboat offFormosa, port1626.
Chemulpo,
of Cavite,
1904.
by orderbetween
Hostilities
Japanese
of the GovernorandofJapan
made aRussia
Manila, for theby
successful torpedo begun attack at
midnight
Theand“250Henrietta on Russia’s Port Arthur
Maria ” was1857.found squadron,
drifting 1904.
about inKiddle
the Palawan Passage, captain, crew,on
Yunnan coolies missing,
border,consequences
1900. Naval fight Murder of Messrs. and Sutherland at Mengka
Satur. 10 with disastrous to theat latter,
Port Arthur1904. between Japanese and Russian fleets
Sun. 11 20 TheEmperor Japanesein person constitution granting
1889. representative government proclaimed by the
Mon. 12 21 China’s New CurrencyatLaws Tokyo,published, 1914.
Tues. 13 22 Outbreak and of convictsof intheSingapore
remainder Chinese Gaol, 1875. Surrender1895.of Liukungtao Islandof China
forts
announce their
1915 abdication, 1912.fleetSir toRobert
the Japanese,
Ho Tung givesManchu $50,000Rulers
to Hongkong
23 |[ Tung University,
Wa Hospital, Hongkong, opened by Sir R. G. MacDonnell, 1872.
Thurs. 15 24 Ij Ports and of Hongkong and Tinghai declared free, 1841.in Sheipoo
The Chinese frigate
1885. “ Yu-yuen
Mutiny of”
16 25^ jIj Insurgents Indiancorvette
troops “atChin-cheng
evacuated Singapore,
Shanghai,
” sunk
involving
1855.
by thetheFrench
Stewart lossscholarship harbour,
of a numberat ofCentral
lives, School,
1915, Hongkong,-
.Satur. founded, 1884. Alice Memorial Hospital, Hongkong, opened, 1887.
Sun. 1718 27 The U. S. paddle man-of-war “ Ashuelot ” wrecked on the East Lammock Rock, near
Mon. 19 28 | LordSwatow, Amherst’s 1883.Embassy, returning from China, shipwrecked in the Java Sea, 1817.
Tues. 2) 29 ! Shrove Tuesday. China’s Provincial Assemblies suppressed, 1914.
Wed. 21 AshYunnan,
Wednesday. Mr. A. 1875.
by Chinese, R.Margary,of
Statue1913.ofH.B.M.’s
HungConsular
LiHongkong Service,atwasShanghai,
ChangA.D.C.
unveiled murdered1906.
atManwyne,
Consort
Thurs 2223 of the Emperor
Massacre of Kwangsuat Nanchang,
missionaries died, 1906. Centenary Production, 1914.
i’ri. Hostilities
and burnt between
by pirates,England
1857. andFirstChina
stone recommenced,
of the Hongkong1841.CitySteamer
Hall “Queen”
laid, 1867. captured
.Satur. 24 Chusan evacuated by the British troops, 1841. Explosion of boiler of the str. “ Yotsai"
between
destroyed, Hongkong and Macao;agreement
1884. thePreliminary six Europeans andbythirteen Govt,aChinese
of Chinakilled andloanvesselof
£4,Yamchow
000,000 (Kwangtung),
from Banque1914. Industrielle designed Chine tothebuild railway for Yunnan
from the to
.Sun. j 25 1stkong,in Lent.
1849.Canton,Captain DaImperial
Chinesedestroyed Costa and Lieut. Dwyer murdered at Wong-ma-kok,
Llama of Tibet,in1910.Hong-
Mon. | 26 Bogue Forts, byEdictSir issued
Gordondismissing the Dalai
Bremer, 1841.
'Tues. 27 Treaty of peace bybetween Japanforces,
and1887. Corea signed at Kokwa, 1876. Evacuation of
Wed. j 28 Port Hamilton
Capture of the Sulu capital the Britishby the Spaniards, 1876.
THE CALENDAR FOR 19i; 1x6
MARCH-31 DAYS
Hongkong Temperature
1915 1916
Maximum 69.2 63.4
Moon’s Phases Minimum
Mean 61.0 60.2
64.9 57.3
Full Moon d. 9 h.
5
Last Mean ...30.08
New Quarter
Moon 2316 80 1915 Rainfall 1916
First Quarter 30 6 2.640 inches
ixii THE CALENDAR FOR 1917
APRIL-30 DAYS
Sunrise Sunset
1st 6h. 17m. 6h. 38m. 1915 1916
15th 6h. 05m. 6h. 44m. ...78.7 75.3
Moon’sd. Phases ...71.3 67.1
h. m. ...74.6 70.6
Full Moon 7 9 49 p.m. 1916
Last Moon
New Quarter 2115 104 121 a.m. p.m. 1915 Rainfall
First Quarter 29 1 22 p.m.
I'Days of Days of 2 Ixt. & 3
between Hongkong and Kon^oon, 1913.
flS£S£
Hong
8teamer in owna WaterS arriVCd 1830 The
’ ’ -
THE CALENDAR FOR 1917 Ixiii
MAY—31 DAYS
1915 1916
...79.9 82.9
Moon’s Phases ...72.0
...75.5 74.5
78.1
d. h. m.
Full Moon 7 10 43 a.m.
Last
New Quarter
Moon 1421 98 4847 a.m.
a.m. 1915 Rainfall 1916
First Quarter 29 7 33 a.m. 12.760 inches 12.935 inches
THE CALENDAR FOR 1917
JUNE-30 DAYS
1st ■ t
unrise
5h. 29m.
39m. 7h. Sunset
7h. 08m.03m. Hongkong Temperature
15th 5h. 1915 1916
Maximum .....' 86.2 83.4
Minimum 78.4 76.5
Moon’sd. Phases Mean ...81.6 79.6
h. m. Barometer, 1916
Full Moon 5 9 7 -P.M. Mean 29.70
Last Quarter
New Moon 19 9 12 2 38 p.m.
First Quarter 28 0 82 A.M. P.M. 1915 Rainfall 1916
11.960 inches 32.18 J inches
Chronology of Rkmarhaulk Events
Attempt
Hongkong to blow up
and China the Hongkong
came Hotel,1887.
into force, 1878. Anti-foreign
New OpiumriotAgreement at Tanyang,between1891.
Canton-Samshui
Hongkong connected Railway completed
withRevs.London by andwire,Robinson
1871. murdered,
Formal transfer of Formosa from
Sun. China
Trinity to Japan,
Sunday. 1895.
Earthquake Norman
at Manila, killing more than 2, 0 1900.
00 persons, 1863. Death
Mon. 5 16 I Treaty of Sirbetween
Arthur France
Kennedy,and1883. Keelung
signedfromattaken possession of River
by Japanese,
opened,1875.1895.
Tues. Departure
Argent of theGreen
and O. & O.Corea
first murdered steamer
in an
Seoul,
Hongkong
anti-foreign
1886. toWest
riot at SanWusueh,
Francisco, 1897.Messrs.
1891. River,
Communica-
Wed. 6 17 Heavy tion rains
with Peking
in Hongkong, cut off, 1900. French
property1916. to the value of $500,000 destroyed, and many lives1913.lost,
str. It. Lebaudy pirated on West
Thins. 7 18 Attempted 1864. Death of Yuen Shih-kai,
anti-foreign riotin atMacao,
Kiukiansr,
wrecked, 1908. Tornado
China, 1916.of Mission premises at Wusieh 1913. 1891. Hongkong-Canton
Li Yuan-hung assumed office steamer “Powan”of
as President
Destruction
Suspension by anti-foreign mob, 1891.
Sun. 10 21 Typhoon Socotra, 78ofFormosa;Newlost,Oriental
lives 1897. Bank, 1892. The P. & O. steamer “Aden” wrecked off
Mon. 11 2! Portuguese Peking, at1900. loss of several vessels, 1876. Admiral Seymour starts for
prohibited trading at Canton, 1640.
Tues. Opening of the first railway in Japan, 1872.
Wed. British
1876. steamer “Edict Carisbrooke” firedattacks
into andon captured by1891.
ChineseBaronCustoms cruiser,
Thurs. GermanImperial
Russo-Chinese Minister,
Treaty,
condemning
murdered
1728.and in16Battle
Peking, 1900. foreigners,
of1901.Telissu Russo-Japan War. Russians defeated
von Ketteler,
with
Tidal“Carl” a loss
Wave,taken of 7, 0 00 men
Japan,by 28,pirates
000 lives guns,
lost, 1896. British barque “ Caesar” andatDanish schooner
Russian squadron off Pedro
sankpassed
Japanese Blanco, 1866.“Hitachi,”
transportprohibiting Hope Dock badlyopened
injured Abeideen
“Sado,” 1867. <
1904.
Hongkong Legislature
and foreign killed, silver coins, Ordinances circulation o! foreign bank notes
mi-sionary
Woosung taken, 1842.junk 1916. 1914. Train from Canton to Hongkong “ Held up,” American
FirstDeathforeign-owned
of Sir Hormusjee leaves Chungking, 1891. Capture of Taku Forts by Allies, 1900. j
Explosion
Disastrous of the “UnionatMody,
inundation Star”
Foochow,
1911.
at Shanghai,
2,000 lives17lost,persons1877. killed and 10 wounded, 1862. j
Shanghai
Macartney’s occupied
embassy by British
arrived forces,
in China, 1842. 1793. Attack on mission premises at Hainan 1
city. 1891.at Tientsin,
Massacre Unprecedented
1870. forces,floods in the West River, 1908.
• anton
Cor. blockaded
nation of byKingEnglish
George, V. 1, 840.
191!. Queen Victoria’s DiamondJubileecelebration,1897.
Inauguration of Tsan Ching Yuan, Chinese ;
Administration
Ki-ying Council,1843.
visitsbyHongkong, 1914, Shock of earthquake in Hongkong, 1874.
surprised Chinese near Langson, 1884. Russian Baltic Fleet, after French
remainingtroops
six j
Sun. Lordweeks
Robertin Tonkin
Cecil
ed to prohibitof trading
waters, sailedin the
announced
withPresident
fromHouseKamranh
the enemyofintheChina, of Bay northward,
Commons that the 1905.
Government had decid- j
Assassination
exchanged, M. Carnot,
1843. Attack on British Legation Frenchati915Tokyo,
Republic,1862.1894.Foundation
Treaty of stone
Nanking^?
oft]
new
Treaty wing
betweenof Berlin
England Foundlinr
andsigned House
Chinaatsigned laid by Lady May, 1914.
at Tientsin, 1858. Additional Convention
betweenbetween
Treaty FranceFrance and China
and China Peking,
signed, 1858. 1887.Confiscation of the str. “ Prince Albert ’*U
by the
Agreement British
effectedConsul and
betweenTrade Customs
GreatMarks at Canton,
and the1866.
Britainin China, United States for reciprocal protection;:
of British
TheIndian
Foreign and American to an audience of1905.
British MintsMinisters admitted
closedto toChinasilver,arrived,
1893. the Emperor of China at Peking, 1873.
Woosung Railway', 1876. Flooding of the Takasima coalof amines,
expedition 1840. Opening section1891.of the Shanghai and:
THE CALENDAR FOR 1917
JULY —31 DAYS
Sunrise Sunset
1st 5h. 43m. 7h. Dm. 1915 1916
45th 5h. 48m. 7h. 10m. ...88.1 88.0
Moon’s Phases ...79.3 78.2
Full Moon • d. h. m.
5 5 40 a.m
Last
New Quarter
Moon 1911 118 120 a.m
p.m
First Quarter 27 2 40 p.m Rainfall 8.2951916
inches
ssrpspgs—
9SiISs;XSrfs,1"
" occupy Newchwang, 1904. 5:'S» S5
sr«ss=spir;“-i
aSHSBJsxissi's
Ixvi THE CALENDAR FOR 1917
AUGUST-31 DAYS
1st Sunrise
5h. 55m. Sunset 7h. 04m. Hongkong Temperature
15th 6h. 00m. 6h. 55m. 1915 1916
Maximum 88.5 88.5
Moon’s Phases Minimum 79.7 78.6
d. h. Mean 83.5 82.6
Full Moon 3 1 11 Barometer, 1916
Last Mean 29.71
New Quarter
Moon 1810 23 2156 1915 Rainfall 1916
First Quarter 26 3 8 10.520 inches 5.040 inches
p Remarkable Eve.'
Wed. BothwarChina and Japan declare war, 1894. Kucheng massacre, 1895. Germany declared
Victimsagainst
of massacre Russia,at1914.
Tientsin buried, 1870.
Fri. British fleet arrived before Nanking, 1842. First Chinese Bazaar held at Canton, 1908.
Satur. Macartney’s marchEmbassy entered
started,Peiho,
1900.1796. Bombardment of Keelung by French,1896.1884.
Sun. WarAllied
declared byonGreat PekingBritain against Li Hung
Germany, Chang Political
1914. visited Queen
unrestVictoria,
in K wantun g:
Mon.
British Squadron arrived off the Peiho, 1840.
Wed. Assassination of Mr. Haber, German Consul, at Hakodate, 1874.
Thors. British troops landed at Nanking, 1842.
Fri. Sir H. Pottinger arrived at Hongkong, 1841. Destructive typhoon at Foochow, 1888.
Satur. 24 Firstsuggested publicthemeeting of British merchantsofinCommerce,
establishment Canton, 1834.
called by Lord Napier, who
Sun. 25 1741898.BritishAttempted prisoners executedof inaofChamber
assassination Formosa,Li 1842.
Admiral Chun Manila
at Canton, occupied by U.S. Troops,
Mon. Tong-ur-ku
1904. taken,and
Fighting 1800.looting
Japaneseat squadron
Canton sinks flight
following cruiser1911.
Russianof rebel Uurik 1913.
leaders, near Tsushima,
sory Military
Straits Settlements, Service1915.Bill passed its third reading in the Legislative CouncilCompul
of the
2728 British
Great steamer
lire on French“ Glenfarg ”
Concession,sunk after striking
Shanghai, 991 a submerged
houses rock
destroyed, near
loss Goto
Tls. 1,Islands,
000,11914.
500,Legations;
879.
Total
rescued, loss of the E. &
1900.PrincessMurderA. steamer
of Messrs. “Gatterthun” near
BruceatandHongkong, Sydney,
Lewis at1904. 1895. Peking
Chengchow, Hunan, 1902.
Prince
British and Arisugawa entertained
30 “Empress signed,trade 1856. of Canton stopped by Hong merchants, 1834. French Treaty with Siam*
of India”
LordDestructive
Napier typhoonsinks
ordered
Chinese1913.cruiser “Wong Tai” in collision near Swatow, 1903.
attheMacao,
Indian three
killing troopsIndianlandedbyconstables,
Viceroy to1900.leaveLarge
in Shanghai, Canton, 1834.of pirates
looting thegang
and 1915.
Great fire in Hongkong,
village, 1912. attacked
AmericanCheungchow,.
1868.
Chamber of
2 Commerce established at Shanghai,
Firstat Nanking,
conference1842.between SirfortsHenry
takenPottinger and forces,
Ki-ying1860.
on board the “Cornwallis,”
Palace
Governer Revolution
Amaral, atTaku
Peking,
Macao, Empress
assassinated,
byDowager
the Allied again ofassumes
1849. Seizure steamertheopened,
Regency,by1898.pirates*
“Spark”
between
annexed Canton
by Japanese, and Macao,
1910. 1874.
H.M.S. Telegraph
Bedford line
wrecked to
at Peking
Quelpart, 1910. 1884. Korea,
Large
Chinese meetingfleet atinPagoda
Hongkong
Anchorage to protest against the 1884.
militaryJapancontribution, 1864.on
Germany,
“ eventual who had ignored
restoration” to China, request to evacuate Kiaochow with a viewwarto its-
destroyed
her 1914. by French, declared
St.turbances
Bartholomew. at Amoy, Wreck
Japanese of thelanded
C. N. Co.’s str.1900.“Tientsin” near Swatow, 1887. Dis-
Satur. British Chamber
and Japan signed,of Commerce
1858. British establishedmarines,
at Canton, 1834. Treaty between Great Britain,
Sun. British
Islands, left Macao,
1908. 1839. steamer “Dunearn” foundered in a typhoon off Goto-
Amoy taken by the English, 296 guns captured, 1841.
Tues. j 2£ 11 Lordpossessions, Amherst’s1833.Embassy Kimpaileftfortsfor silenced
Yuen-ming-yuen,
by French,1816.1884. Slavery abolished in British'
Wed.
Thurs. I 293130 1213 Treaty ofof Nanking
Wreck typhoon “Futamion coastsigned,
Maru”ofoff1842. CapemanyCalavite, 1900.
Fri, Severe
Hongkong, Macao and Whampoa, 1848. China, lives lost, and much damage done to shipping aO
THE CALENDAR FOR 1917 Ixvii
SEPTEMBER-30 DAYS
Sunkise . Sunset IRATUKE1916
..6k.
..6h. 06m.
10m. 6h.
6h. 40m.
27m. Maximum . 1915
Minimum . 85.4 84.7
Moon’s Mean .80.9 80 5
[oo d. Barometer, 1916
£ 3 05 P.M.
ju. Rainfall 1916
10.520 incl
YSO
10
13
14
l.i
17
2)2119
22
23
24
25
26
£
29
30
Ixviii TJIE CALENDAll FOR 1917
OCTOBER-31 DAYS
1st Suxrise
6h. 15m. 6h. Sunset 11m. Hongkong Temperature
15th ..jBH. 20m. 5h. 59m. 1915 1910
Moon’scl. I’uases Maximum 82.7 80.2
Minimum 75.4 72.3
Full Moon 1 li.4 m. 31 a.m. Mean
Barometer, 1916
78.9 75.9
Last Quarter
New Moon 8 6
16 10 41 a'.m. 14 a.m. Mean 30.01
First Quarter 2330 lo2 3819 p.m.
Full Moon p.m. 11.7101915 inches
Rainfall 1916
0.730 inches
Oats
Wekkor;I Days
Monthok j Chronology op Remarkable Events
Mon. 1 j TheMedicine,
“Hongkong Daily
1887?Section, Press.”
declaredstarted,
HyogoCanton-Kovvloon an open1857.port, Inauguration
1892.opened,
Gold1910. of Hongkong
Standard adoptedCollege
in Japan,.ot
Toes. 1897. bombarded
British Railway
Wed. 23 Ij Tamsui
Serious
1893. riotWithdrawal by
at Hongkong, French, 1884.
1884. Treaty between FranceRiver,
and 1900.
Siam signed Chineseat Bangkok,.
Thurs. 4 ! 10 Attack Assembly Inaugurated,atof Wenchow,
on foreigners
British
1910. steamers 1884.
from West
Terrible firethrough
at Amoy,traffic,
National
1902.1911.Typhoon at
F,i. 6 j 2J French Hongkong, 1894. Canton-Kowloon Railway opened for
21 Hongkong Williamexpedition
Des Voeux,left1887.
Government
Chefoo for Corea, I860. Arrival in Hongkong of Governor Sir
agreed tothelendCanton-Hankow
the Viceroy of Wuchang £1,100,000 3905. to repurchase-
from an
Prince Alfred American syndicate
visited Peking, but notincrease
receivedof crime
by therailway concession, GreatH.R.H.
meeting
left at Hongkong
Kaifengfu on its to consider
way to Peking, 1901. Hongkong inEmperor,
Colony,
Legislative
1869. Chinese
1878. Council
publie-
Court
passed
Bun. 7 i 22 a Bill to prevent trading with the enemy, 1914.
Mon. S Supplementary
repulsed, 1884. Treaty
Battle signed
of Shaho,at TheRusso-Japanese
Hague, 1848. War, French landing party at Tamsut
Tues. 21 Shanghai disastrous defeats1841.
captured, of Russians
Chinhai; Railway
casualties1841.45,Official
taken, s00 Russian ;commenced. Japanese,Ended
15,879of Tientsin-Kaiping
inspection 1904.25thRail-in'
Wed. way,
25 LordwithNapier 1888. Shanghai-Woosung placed under Chinese control, 1904.
ofdied125atlives,
loss 1913. Macao,1892.1«:14. Yum WreckShih off theKaiPescadores
inaugurated of thePresident
P & O. str.of “theBokhara,”
Chinese-
Thurs. 21 TheRepublic, tirst
establish Chinese
a Chinese merchant
firm str.
there, (“Meifoo”)
1881. Outbreakleft Hongkong
of revolution for London
in China with
at passengers1911.to-
Wuchang,
2723 Ningpo
Revolt inoccupied
the Philippines,
by British 1872.forces,Eight1841.Chinese
Firstbaid s in Peking
railway in Japansuspended
officially payment,
opened by1910. the-.
Sun.i. Mikado, on1872.theAllies
2910 Explosion Chinesecapture
trooperPaotingfu,
“ Kungpai,”1900. loss of 500 lives, 1895.
Mo Khanghoa, in Corea, taken by the French, 1866. Train disa between Harbin and:
Wed. St.“John’s Cathedral,1885.Hongkong, dedicated, 19 6 1842. Daring piracy board the British str.-
Thars. AtofaGreyhound,”
meeting
reconstruction of the Chartered
was approved, Mercantile Bank of India, London and China, a scheme
1892.typhoon at Formosa,
Fri. Great fire
welcomed in Hongkong,
American 1859.
Battleship Great
Fleet, 1908. 1861. Jnpanese Government
Satiir. 20 Terrific
Woosung typhoon
railway at Manila;
closed by enormous
the Chinese damage to property,
Government, 1877. 1882. The Shanghai and
Sun. H.R.H. Prince Alfred arrived at Shanghai, 1869. Cosmopolifan Dock opened, 1875.,
22 58“Fury,”
piratical1849.
vesselsHongkong
destroyed Legislative
by CaptainsCouncil Hay andvoted Wilcox, H.M.
009 toships “Columbine” and
Nadiscovered
ional Relief
at Fund, 1911.1915.Anns and ammunition $11)0,
Shanghai, consigned totheIndia
Princeby ofGermans,
Wales’
King Chulalongkorn
Japanese of Siam
1894.died, 1910.
Treaty ofcross
the Allies,
the Yalu,
Whampoa
1862.takenbetween France and China signed, 1844. Kahding recaptured by
Chin-lien
Serious cheng
earthquake bv the Japanese, 1894.
atAmerican
Canton, 1895. inPrince
Missionaries
CentralAdalbert
and
Japan,of7,5Prussia
a child at
00 persons
Lienchow,visitedkilled, 1891. Attempted
1905,Hongkong,
Prince
insurrection'
Ito1904.assassinated
Massacre atof Har-
four
bin, 1909. Hon. Mr. W. D. Barnes, Colonial Secretary of Hongkong, died suddenly
Sun. 13 Notewhilstpresentedplayingfrom polo, the1911.Powers
Bombtothrown in Canton, killed 57 people,
China advising the suspension of the monarchical. 1914.
Mon. Portuguese frigate “D. Maria II.” blown up at Macao, 1850.
30 15- Great fire in Hongkong,
American B itthship Fleettakenat Amoy,
1866. Feughuang by the 1908.
Japanese, 1894. Chinese Govern-
Wed. 31 16 II-ment R- H.welcomed
Japanese, Prince
1894. Allred arrived at Hongkong, 1869. Talienwan occupied by the-
THE CALENDAR FOR 1917
NOVEMBER—30 DAYS
Sunrise Sunset Hongkong Temperature
1915 1916
1st 6h. 27m. 5h. 46m. Maximum 75.5 73.5
15th 6h. 35m. 5h. 40m. Minimum 66.8 . 62.4
Moon’scl. Phases
h. m. Mean 70.9 67.8
Last Quarter 7 13 a.m. Barometer, 1916
hJew Moon 15 2 2« a.m. Mean 30.10
First Quarter 22 6 29 a.m. 1915 Rainfall 1916
Full Moon 29 2 41 a.m. 1.890 inches 0.075 inches
IZ:
it.
a
“ss:::::,:::::,:"-1'18’'-
D
Ixx THE CALENDAR FOR 1917
DECEMBER—31 DAYS
Sunrise Sunset Hongkong Temperature
1st 6h. 55m.46m. 5h. 5h. 38m. 1915 1916
15th 6h. 41m. Maximum 67.9 67.9
Moon’s Phases Minimum 58.6 57.9
Mean 63.4 62.8
d. h. m. Barometer, 1916
Last
New Quarter
Moon 146 105 1417 p.m. p.m. Mean 30.11
First Quarter 2128 25 f 27 p.m. P.M. 1915 Rainfall 1916
Full Moon 0.775 inches 0.050 inches
Days
Weekof i Days
Monthof i 10Moons
& 11 jj Chronology of Remarkable Events
'Satur. 1 17 i Queen Alexandra born, 1844.
Sun. 2
Mon. 3 19 j S. Francis Xavier died on Sanchoan, 1552.
Tues. 4 20 { First census of Hongkong taken, population 15,000, 1841.
"Wed. 5 21 |j SixGeneral foreigners killed1863. at Watig-chuh-ki, 1847. Soochow re-taken by the Imperialists under
Thurs. 6 j heard of Gordon,
again, 1886. The Japanese warship “ Unebi-kan ” left Singapore and not
Fri. 7 European factories i Canton destroyed by a mob, 1842.
Satur. 8
■Sun. 9 25 Ningpo Peking,captured
1888. 1913. by the Taipings,
Piratical 1861. Consecration
attack on Portuguese of newnearPei-tang Cathedral,
being
Chamber killed,
of Commerce, Election
1915. str.of Hon. Mr. D.str,Landale
American,as chairmanMacao,of theHongkong
captain
26 Piracy Captainon board
Pocock the and Douglas
three others “ Namoa,”
murdered five
and hours
several after leaving
seriously Hongkong.
wounded,
Arrival inofHongkong
ElectionLegislative H. ofHolyoak
Mr. P.Council, Governorto represent
Sir WilliamtheRobinson,
Chamber1891.of Commerce
Confucius died, .1890.
on theB.CHong-
400.
27 Indemnity kong 1915.
Wed. 1867. stating that the Foreign Ministers at Peking are to be received• atin
Osaka, Decree
Imperial
paid by Prince of Satsuma, 1863. Admiral Bell, U.S.N., drowned
Thurs. 29 French audienceflagevery New Year,from 1890. Consulate at Canton by Chinese, 1832, First
Reception ofhauled
Shih-kai invited foreigndown ladies bythethethe
EmpressThroneDowager of China,
by a1898. President
vote ofYuan
provincial delegatesto atascend Dragon
Peking, 1915. of China unanimous the
AllCourt
Romancondemned
Catholic Priests (not Portuguese) expelled from Macao, 1838.
German steamer “ Tannenfels,” seized as a Prize by the destroyer Hongkong Prize
“ Chelmer,”
Memorial Stone1914.
of New Harbour of Refuge at Mongkoktsui laid by the H. E. Governor,
United States District Court for China opened at Shanghai, 1906. Sir W. Des Vceux,
Tues
Wed. Sirformerly
Hugh GoughGovernorandoftheHongkong, died, 1909.
Eastern Expedition left China, 1842.
Thurs. 20 Arrival
1881. ofTwoPrinces
cotton Albert
mills Victor and George of Wales at Hongkong in the “ Bacchante,”
Fri. 2122 Tuannavigation
Steam Fane murdered, 1911. 1736. Osaka, 120 persons burnt to death, 1893.
destroyed
first attempted,
by fire at
Two Mandarins arrived at Macao with secret orders to watch the movements of
Sun. 23 10 SirPlenipotentiary worth May, ofElliot.
Henryof forged Hongkong,
Chinese
1836. appointed Governor of Fiji,
banknotes 1910. One million dollars
Mon. | 24 11 British performed the Worship
Consulate at Shanghai of Heaven,
destroyed1914.by fire, 1870. 1912. President Yuan Shih-kai
seized in Hongkong,
Tues. 23 Christmas
of property, Day.1878.Great fire in Hongkong, 368 houses destroyed, immense destruction
Wed. ! 26 Bank
lives Holiday.1897.lost.St.The Stephen.
lost,lives Great “fireShanghai
N. C. Co. steamer at Tokyo,. 11,000 byhouses
” destroyed fire ondestroyed,
the Yangtsze,26
Thurs. S 27 over 300
Dedication of Hongkong Masonic Hall, 1865.
Fri. J 28
-Satur. Canton bombarded by Allied forces of Great Britain and France, 1857.
Sun. j 29so
-Mon. si Yat Sen elected Provisional President of the Republic of China, 1911.
INESE FESTIVALS AND OBSERVANCES IN 1917
2013 Slight
Festival Cold. Pan, the patron saint of carpenters and masons. He is said
haveof ofLu
torelated beenhis aingenuity
contemporary itmen of that,
is said Confucius.
oncarved
accountAmong histhefather
ofeffigy many having
stories
been
genii put to death
withprevailed by the
one of itsforhands of
stretched Wu, he the of one of the
drought
with gifts from Wu, hethree
cut years.
off the Ontowards
hand, being
and
Wu,
rain
when, inand
supplicated
immediately
consequence,
presented
fell. On
23 this dayof the
Worship carpenters
god of refuse
the hearthto work.
at nightfall.
2724Ti The
GreatgodColdof the hearth reports to heaven.
ngloon. Chinese
131510 Fete
Beginning dayNew ofoftheYear’s
SpiritsDay.of the Ground.
Spring.
Feast ofofShen
Fetepraying Lanterns, FStethe
andwealth
Ts’ai, of Shang-yuen,
two guardians ruler of heaven.Auspicious day for
Moon
16
Fete day of for
the Supreme andJudge
offspring,
in the wellof astheoffordoor.
as Courts rain.
Hades.
2 Mencius born, B.C. 371. Spring worship of the gods of the land and grain.
133 Fete day
FSte of the
of
from drowning,
god of literature,
Hung-shing,and for god of
sendingthe worshipped
Canton river,
rain in times
bypowerful
students.
of drought. to preserve people
15 Birthday
Fete of of Lao Tsze,
Kwanyin, goddess founder
of of Tauism,
mercy. B.C. 604.
2819 Vernal Equinox.
14 Tsing-ming or Tomb
Moo ruler of the sombreFestival.
heavens and FeteofofPeh-te,
HiuenTauist T’ien Shang-ti,
god of thethe Northsupreme
Pole.
15 Feteshipped
of I-ling, a
onSummer.deified physician,
behalf of sick children. and of the god of the Sombre Altar, wor-
1618 Beginning
FeteCentral of
of Heumountain,
Tu, the goddess worshipped behind graves, of the god of the
2326 FSte ofof Tien Heu,goddess
Queen andofofHeaven,
the threeHolybrothers.
mother, goddess of sailors.
28 FSte
National Tsz Sun,
Festival of Ts’ang of progeny.
Kieh, inventor of writing.
Moor FSte of San
the Kai,
Bodhisattva Mandjushri ; worshipped on behalf of the dead.
10118 FSte of
Fete of the dragon
Anniversary of
ruler
the
of heaven, the ground. of Hades; also a fSte of Buddha.
spiritsofofConfucius.
death
of earth, and
1417 FSte ofof Lii Sien,
2028 FSte
FSte of Kin
the Hwa,Tauist
goddess
patriarch,goddess
theof Cantonese
the blind.
worshipped by barbers.
of parturition.
Moo FSte of Yoh Wang, the Tauist god of medicine.
451 FSte
Summer
National
of theSolstices.
fSte
god of the South Pole.
day. Dragonpaddle boatabout
festivalin long
and boat races.
Cantonese
ted. frantically
The festival is called PaWatLungTien,Shunwhonarrow
ordrowned
Tiu WatboatsOn Uen,
thisornamen-
much and
day the
is held
to500,commemorate
forfetehisofmaster the death
theWang, of
princetheof tutelary
Tso refusedgodtoofaccept himself
histowns. about B.C.
faithful advice.
131116 National
National Sheng
fSteofoftheKwan Ti, god of war,andandEarth. walled
of hisFStesonof General Kwan.
Anniversary
(A.D. Formation of Heaven Chang Tao-ling
claim34),theancient
totransmigration headship.
of the
head ofItthe is
soulyouthful
Tauist
said “ the
of each member
sect.succession
His descendants
successorofoftheChang is still continue
perpetuated
Tao-ling, by
on the
his
decease,tothebody
isShakyamuni
supernaturally of some
revealed as soon as the miracle family,
is whose
effected.” heirship
Feta
20 Slight Heat. Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.
FESTIVALS AND OBSERVANCES IN 1917
6 Great Heat.
212419 Fete
BeginiofingtbeofGoddess
Autumn.of Mercy.
Anniversary
of fire ; and ofKwan
of the Ti’sgod ofascent to heaven. Fete of Chnh Yung, the spirit
thunder.
. Mo.1
First
- souls,day when
of theBuddhist
seventh moon. During thisreadmoon is heldto the festival
soulsoffrom
all
purgatory,
accompanied, scatter
by riceand
finger
Tauist
toplayfeed priests
starving
imitating ghosts,masses
mystic
release
recite magic
Sanskrit incantations
characters which
are supposed
benefit to comfort souls in purgatory, visitburn paper clothes for the
behalf ofof the
of statuettes,
the deceased
souls of themembers
dwarf plants,
drowned, of theandfamily.
silk festoons,
family shrines
Exhibitions
and ancestral
to pray on
tabletsofaregroups
com-
bined with these ceremonies, which are enlivened by music and fireworks.
7 HeatFete day of LaoFeteTszu,
andAbating
of the seven
the god
of the
goddesses
founder
of the
of Tauism.
of Ursa
Pleiades, Major, worshipped
worshipped by scholars
by women.
1518 Fete of Chung Yuen, god of the element earth.
F§te of the three gods of heaven, of earth, and of water, and of the five
20 Feteattendant
of Changsacrificial
Fi, A.D.spirits. 220. A leader of the wars during the Three
Kingdoms.
After many He is said
heroic to havehebeen
exploits, at firstbyathe
perished butcher
hand andof anwineassassin.
seller..
2224 White Dew. Fete of the god ofhermit.
wealth.
29 Fete of Hii Siin-ping, a Tauist
Fete of Ti Ts’ang-wang, the patron of departed spirits.
[.Me 1 Fete of Hii Sun, a deified physician, worshipped by doctors, and of Kin Kiah
23 a (god
Fete of the
of the gods golden
ofgodland armour)
andnorthern worshipped by the literati.
grain.
Descent of the star of the measure, and fete of the god ofthe hearth.
158 Autumnal
National fete Equinox.
day. Worship of the moon, and Feast of Lanterns.
2425 Cold
27 Fete Dew.
of the god of the Sun.
Mo Fete of Confucius (born 552 B.C.), the founder of Chinese ethics and politics.
1 Descenttoofthethe9thStardaygods of the northern and southern measures from the
9 Froi-t1stDescent. Fete ofinclusive.
Kwan Ti, the god of war; kite-flying day. FeteofTung,
a ruler in Hades.
1511 Fete of Yen
National feteHwui,
of Shuthe favourite
Hiwhose
(A.D. disciple), the
1130-1201' of Confucius.
mostChinese
eminentclassics
of thehave
laterform-
Chi- .
^ nese
ed forphilosophers
centuries the commentaries
recognized standard on ofthe
orthodoxy.
16 Fete of the god of the loom.
17 Fetes of tfieand
godadepts
of wealth; of Koh Hung,
^ doctors inofalchemy; ofonetheofgolden
and inventors the mostdragon
celebratedof
king. Tauist
242818 Fete of
Beginning Tsii Sheng, one the reputed of writing.
Moi3 Fete day ofofHwa Winter.
.Kwang, the god of fire, and Ma, a deified physician.
Fete of the three brothers San Mao.
159 Slight Snow.
FetesgodofaudHagoddess
Yuen, the godbedstead.
of water; of the god of small-pox; and of the
of the
24Mo Heavy Snow.
69 Fete daySolstice.
of Yuh Hwang, the higher
Winter * god ° of the Tauist pantheon.F
TEEATIES, CODES, &
TREATIES WITH CHINA
GREAT BRITAIN
TREATY BETWEEN HER MAJESTY AND THE EMPEROR OF CHINA
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Nanking,
29th August, 1842
Ratifications Exchanged at Hongkong, 26th June, 1843
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland'
and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of putting an end to the
misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between the two
countries, have resolved to conclude a treaty for that purpose, and have therefore
named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain and Ireland, Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., a Major-General in the Service of
the East India Company, &c.; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China,
the High Commissioners Ke-ying, a Member of the Imperial House, a Guardian of
the Crown Prince, and General of the Garrison of Canton: and Ilipoo, of the Imperial
Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the first rank, and the distinc-
tion of a peacock’s feather, lately Minister and Governor-General, &c., and now
Lieut.-General commanding at Ghapoo—Who, after having communicated to each
other their respective full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have
agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:—
Art. I.—There shall henceforward be peace and friendship between Her Majesty
tlie Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the
Emperor of China, and between their respective subjects, who shall enjoy full security
and protection for their persons and property within the dominions of the other.
Art. II.—His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees that British subjects, with
their lamilies and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purpose of carry-
ing on their mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint, at the cities and
towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow-foo, Ningpo, and Shanghai; and Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain, &c., will appoint superintendents, or consular officers, to
reside at each of the above-named cities or towns, to be the medium of communication
between the Chinese authorities and the said merchants, and to see that the just
duties and other dues of the Chinese Government, as hereinafter provided for, are
duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty’s subjects.
Art, III. —It being obviously necessary and desirable that British subjects should
have some port whereat they may careen and refit their ships when required, and keep
stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain, &c., the Island of Hongkong to bo possessed in perpetuity
by Her Britannic Majesty, her heirs, and successors, and to be governed by such laws
and regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., shall see fit to direct,.
Art. IV.—The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of six millions of dollars,,
as the value of the opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of March,.
1839, as a ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty’s Superintendent and sub-
jects who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese high officers,.
Art. V.—The Government of China havingcompelled theBritishmerchants trading
at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese merchants, called Hong merchants (or
Co-Hong), who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for this purpose, the
Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all ports where British
merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions
with whatever persons they please; and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to
the British Government the sum of three millions of dollars, on account of debts due
1*
NANKING TREATY, 1842
to British subjects by some of the said Hong merchants, or Co-Hong, who have become
insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.
Art. YI.—The G-overnment of Her Britannic Majesty having been obliged to send
out an expedition to demand and obtain redress for the violent and unjust proceeding,
of the Chinese high authorities towards Her Britannic Majesty’s officers and subjects
the Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of twelve millions of dollars, on account
of expenses incurred; and Her Britannic Majesty’s plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees,
on behalf of Her Majesty, to deduct from the said amount of twelve millions of
dollars, any sums which may have been received by Her Majesty’s combined forces,
as ransom for cities and towns in China, subsequent to the 1st day of August, 1811.
Art. VII.—It is agreed that the total amount of twenty-one millions of dollars,
described in the three preceding Articles, shall be paid as follows :—
Six millions immediately.
Six millions in 1843; that is, three millions on or before the 39th June, and
three millions on or before 31st of December.
Five millions in 1844; that is, two millions and a half on or before the 33th of
June, and two millions and a half on or before the 31st of December.
Four millions in 1845; that is, two millions on or before 30th of June, and
two millions on or before the 31st of December.
And it is further stipulated that interest at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum,
shall be paid by the Government of China on any portion of the above sums that are
not punctually discharged at the periods fixed.
Art. VIII.—The Emperor of China agrees to release, uncon litionally, all subjects
of Her Britannic Majesty (whether natives of Europe or India), who may be in con-
finement at this moment in any part of the Chinese Empire.
Art. IX.—The Emperor of China agrees to publish and promulgate, under his
imperial sign manual and seal, a full and entire amnesty and act of indemnity to all
subjects of China, on account of their having resided under, or having had dealings
and intercourse with, or having entered the service of Her Britannic Majesty, or of
Her Majesty’s officers; and His Imperial Majesty further engages to release all
Chinese subjects who may be at this moment in confinement for similar reasons.
Art. X.—His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at all the
ports which are, by Article II. of this Treaty, to be thrown open for the resort of
British merchants, a fair and regular tariff of export and import customs and other
dues, which tariff shall be publicly notified anl promulgated for general information;
and the Emperor further engages that, when British merchants shall have once
paid at any of the said ports the regulated customs and dues, agreeable of the tariff
to be hereifter fixed, such merchandise may be conveyed by Cninese merchants
to any province or city in the interior of the empire of China/on paying a further
amount of transit duties, which shall not exceed per cent, on the tariff value of
such goods.
Art. XI.—It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty’s chief high officer in China
shall6rcorrespond with the Chinese high officers, both at the capital and in the provinces,
^ermprovinces
officers in the " C0Tnmunication
under the term the subordinate
“ statement,”British
on theofficers
part ofand
theChinese
former, high
and
on the part of the latter, “ declaration,” and the subordinates of both countries on a
footing of perfect equality; merchants and others not holding official situations, and
therefore
m all papersnot addressed
included into,the orabove, on bothfor,sides
intended thefornotice
use the termrespective
of the “ representation
Govern-”
ments.
Art. XII.—On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty being received,
and the discharge of the first instalment of money, Her Britannic Majesty’s forces
will retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and will no longer molest or stop the
rade of China. The military post at Chinhae will also be withdrawn, but the island
ol Jloolangsoo, and that of Chusan, will continue to be held by Her Majesty’s forces
until the money payments, and the arrangements for opening the ports to British
merchants, be completed.
BANKING TREATY, 1842—TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
Art. XIII.—-The ratifications of this Treaty by Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain, &c., an 1 His Majesty the Emperor of China, shall be exchanged as soon
as the great distance which separates England from China will admit; but, in the
meantime, counterpart copies of it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on
behalf of their respective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its provisions
and arrangements shall take effect.
Hone at Nanking, and signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on board Her
Britannic Majesty’s ship Cornwallis this 29th day of August, 1842; corresponding
with the Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the seventh month, in the twenty-second
■year of Taou Kwang.
Henby Pottinger,
Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary.
And signed by the seals of four •Chinese Commissioners.
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
Palificat ions exchanyed at Peking, 24t/i October, 1860
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous to put an end to the existing
misunderstanding between the two countries and to place their relations on a more
satisfactory footing in future, have resolved to proceed to a revision and improvement
ef the Treaties existing between them; and, for that purpose, have named as their
Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :—
Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable the
Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, a Peer of the United Kingdom, and Knight of the
Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commissioner Kweiliang, a
Senior Chief Secretary of State, styled of the East Cabinet, Captain-General of the
Plain White Banner of the Manehu Banner force, Superintendent-General of the
Administration of Criminal Law; and Hwashana, one of His Imperial Majesty’s
Expositors of the Classics, Manehu President of the Office for the Regulation of the
•Civil Establishment, Captain-General of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Chinese
Banner Force, and Visitor of the Office of Interpretation:
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers and
found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the
following Articles :—
Art. I.—The Treaty of Peace and Amity between the two nations signed at
Nanking on the twenty-ninth day of August, in the year eighteen hundred and forty-
two, is hereby renewed and confirmed.
The supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade having been
•amended and improved, and the substance of their provisions having been incor-
porated in this Treaty, the said Supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of
Trade are hereby abrogated.
Art. II.—For the better preservation of harmony in future, Her Majesty the
•Queen of Great Britain and His Majesty the Emperor of China mutually agree that,
in accordance with the universal practice of great and friendly nations. Her Majesty
"the Queen n>ay, if she see fit, appoint Ambassadors, Ministers, or other Diplomatic
Agents to the Court of Peking; and His Majesty the Emperor of China may, in like
manner, if he see fit, appoint Ambassadors, Ministers, or other Diplomatic Agents
to the Court of St. James.
Art. III.—His Majesty the Emperor of China hereby agrees that the Ambassador,
^Minister, or other Diplomatic Agent, so appointed by Her Majesty the Queen of
•Great Britain, may reside, with his family and establishment, permanently at the
•capital, or mayvisit .it occasionally at the option of the British Government. He
TIENTSIN- TEEATT, 1953
shall not be called upon to perforin any ceremony derogatory to him as representing
the Sovereign of an independent nation on a footing of equality with that of China,
On the other hand, he shall use the same forms of ceremony and respect to His
Majesty the Emperor as are employed by the Ambassadors, Ministers, or Diplomatic
Agents of Her Majesty towards the Sovereigns of independent and equal European
nations.
It is further agreed, that Her Majesty’s Government may acquire at Peking a
site for building, or may hire houses for the accommodation of Her Majesty’s Mission,
and the Chinese Government will assist it in so doing.
Her Majesty’s Representative shall be at liberty to choose his own servants and
attendants, who shall not be subject to any kind of molestation whatever.
Any person guilty of disrespect or violence to Her Majesty’s Representative, or to
any member of his family or establishment, in deed or word, shall be severely punished.
Art. IV.—It is further agreed that no obstacle or difficulty shall be made to tho
free movements of Her Majesty’s Representative, and that he and the persons of his
suite may come and go, and travel at their pleasure. He shall, moreover, have full
liberty to send and receive his correspondence to and from any point on the sea-coast
that he may select, and his letters and effects shall be held sacred and inviolable:
He may employ, for their transmission, special couriers, who shall meet with the same-
protection and facilities for travelling as the persons employed in carrying despatches
for the Imperial Government; and, generally, he shall enjoy the same privileges as
are accorded to officers of the same rank by the usage and consent of Western nations.
All expenses attending the Diplomatic Mission of Great Britain shall be borne*
by the British Government.
Art. V.—His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to nominate one of the
Secretaries of State, or a President of one of the Boards, as the high officer with
whom the Ambassador, Minister, or other Diplomatic Agent of Her Majesty the Queen
shall transact business, either personally or in writing, on a footing of perfect equality.
Art. VI.—Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain agrees that the privileges
hereby secured shall be enjoyed in her dominions by the Ambassador, Minister, or
Diplomatic Agent of the Emperor of China, accredited to the Court of Her Majesty.
Art. VII.—Her Majesty the Queen may appoint one or more Consuls in the
dominions of the Emperor of China ; and such Consul or Consuls shall be at liberty
to reside in any of the open ports or cities of China as Her Majesty the Queen may
consider most expedient for the interests of British commerce. They shall be treated
with due respect by the Chinese authorities, and enjoy the same privileges and?
immunities as the Consular Officers of the most favoured nation.
Consuls and Vice-Consuls in charge shall rank with Intendants of Circuit; Vice-
Consuls, Acting Vice-Consuls, and Interpreters, with Prefects. They shall have access-
to the official residences of these officers, and communicate with them, either personally
or in writing, on a footing of equality, as the interests of the public service may require.
Art. VIII.—The Christian religion, as professed by Protestants or Roman
Catholics, inculcates the practice of virtue, and teaches man to do as he would be
done by. Persons teaching it or professing it, therefore, shall alike be entitled to the
protection of the Chinese authorities, nor shall any such, peaceably pursuing their
.calling and not offending against the laws, be persecuted or interfered with.
Art. IX.-—British subjects are hereby authorised to travel, for their pleasure or
for purposes of trade, to all parts of the interior under passports which will be issued
by their Consuls, and countersigned by the local authorities. These passports, if
demanded, must be produced for examination in the localities passed through. If
the passport be not irregular, the bearer will be allowed to proceed, and no opposition
shall be offered to his hiring persons, or hiring vessels for the carriage of his baggage-
or merchandise. If he be without a passport, or if he commit any offence against the
law, he shall be handed over to the nearest Consul for punishment, but he must not
be subjected to any ill-usage in excess of necessary restraint. No passport need be
applied for by persons going on excursions from the ports open to trade to a distanoe-
not exceeding 100 li, and for a period not exceeding five days.
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
The provisions of this Article do not apply to crews of ships, for the due restraint
of whom regulations will be drawn up by the Consul and the local authorities.
To Nanking, and other cities, disturbed by persons in arms against the Grovern-
ment, no pass shall be given, until they shall have been recaptured.
Art. X.—British merchant ships shall have authority to trade upon the Great
River (Yangtsze). The Upper and Lower Valley of the river being, however,
disturbed by outlaws, no port shall be for the present opened to trade, with the
•exception of Chinkiang, which shall be opened in a year from the date of the signing
of this Treaty;
So soon as peace shall have been restored, British vessels shall also be admitted
-to trade at such ports as far as Hankow, not exceeding three in number, as the British
^Minister, after consultation with the Chinese Secretary of State, may determine shall
be ports of entry and discharge.
Art. XI.—In addition to the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo,
.and Shanghai, opened by the Treaty of Nanking, it is agreed that British subjects
may frequent the cities and ports of Newchwang, Tangchow (Chefoo), Taiwan
(Formosa), Chao-chow (Swatow), and Kiung-chow (Hainan).
They are permitted to carry on trade with whomsoever they please, and to proceed
-to and fro at pleasure with their vessels and merchandise.
They shall enjoy the same privileges, advantages, and immunities at the said
towns and ports as they enjoy at the ports already open to trade, including the
right of residence, buying or renting houses, of leasing land therein, and of building
churches, hospitals and cemeteries.
Art. XII.—British subjects, whether at the ports or at other places, desiring to
huild or open houses, warehouses, churches, hospitals, or burial grounds, shall make
their agreement for the land or buildings they require, at the rates prevailing among
the people, equitably and without exaction on either side.
Art. XIII.—The Chinese Government will place no restrictions whatever upon
the employment, by British subjects, of Chinese subjects in any lawful capacity.
Art. XIV.—British subjects may hire whatever boats they please for the
transport of goods or passengers, and the sum to be paid for such boats shall be settled
between the parties themselves, without the interference of the Chinese Government.
The number of these boats shall not be limited, nor shall a monopoly in respect either
of the boats or of the porters or coolies engaged in carrying the goods be granted to
any parties. If any smuggling takes place in them the offenders will, of course, be
punished according to law.
Art. XV.—All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising
between British subjects, shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the British authorities.
Art. XVI.—Chinese subjects who may be guilty of any criminal act towards
British subjects shall be arrested and punished by the Chinese authorities according
to the laws of China.
British subjects who may commit any crime in China shall be tried and punished
by the Consul, or other public functionary authorised thereto, according to the laws
•of Great Britain.
Justice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both sides.
Art. XVII.—A British subject, having reason to complain of Chinese, must
proceed to the Consulate and state his grievance. The Consul will inquire into the
merits of the case, and do his utmost to arrange it amicably. In like manner, if a
Chinese have reason to complain of a British subject, the Consul shall no less listen
do his complaint, and endeavour to settle it in a friendly manner. If disputes take
place of such a nature that the Consul cannot arrange them amicably, then he shall
request the assistance of the Chinese authorities, that they may together examine
into the merits of the case, and decide it equitably.
Art. XVIII.—The Chinese authorities shall at all times afford the fullest
protection to the persons and property of British subjects, whenever these shall have
been subjected to insult or violence. In all cases of incendiarism or robbery, the
•local authorities shall at once take the necessary steps for the recovery of the stolen
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
property, tlie suppression of disorder, and the arrest of the guilty parties, whom they
will punish according to law.
Art. XIX.—If any British merchant-vessel, while within Chinese waters, be
plundered by robbers or pirates, it shall be the duty of the Chinese authorities to use
every endeavour to capture and punish the said robbers or pirates and to recover the
stolen property, that it may be handed over to the Consul for restoration to the owner.
Art. XX.—If any British vessel be at any time wrecked or stranded on the coast
of China, or be compelled to take refuge in any port within the dominions of the
Emperor of China, the Chinese authorities, on being apprised of the fact, shall
immediately adopt measures for its relief and security ; the persons on board shall
receive friendly treatment and shall be furnished, if necessary, with the means of
conveyance to the nearest Consular station.
Art. XXI.—If criminals, subjects of China, shall take refuge in Hongkong or
on board the British ships there, they shall, upon due requisition by the Chinese
authorities, be searched for, and, on proof of their guilt, be delivered up.
In like manner, if Chinese offenders take refuge in the houses or on board the
vessels of British subjects at the open ports, they shall not be harboured or concealed,
but shall be delivered up, on due requisition by the Chinese authorities, addressed to
the British Consul.
Art. XXII.—Should any Chinese subject fail to discharge debts incurred to a
British subject, or should he fraudulently abscond, the Chinese authorities will do their
utmost to effect his arrest and enforce recovery of the debts. The British authorities
will likewise do their utmost to bring to justice any British subject fraudulently
absconding or failing to discharge debts incurred by him to a Chinese subject.
Art. XXIII.—Should natives of China who may repair to Hongkong to trade
incur debts there, the recovery of such debts must be arranged for by the English
Court of Justice on the spot; but should the Chinese debtor abscond, and be known
to have property real or personal within the Chinese territory, it shall be the duty of
the Chinese authorities on application by, and in concert with, the British Consul,
to do their utmost to see justice done between the parties.
Art. XXIV.—It is agreed that British subjects shall pay, on all merchandise
imported or exported by them, the duties prescribed by the tariff; but in no case shall
they be called upon to pay other or higher duties than are required of the subjects
of any other foreign nation.
Art. XXV.—Import duties shall be considered payable on the landing of the
goods, and duties of export on the shipment of the same.
Art. XXVI.—Whereas the tariff fixed by Article X. of the Treaty of Nanking,
and which was estimated so as to impose on imports and exports a duty of about
the rate of five per cent, ad valorem, has been found, by reason of the fall in value of
various articles of merchandise therein enumerated, to impose a duty upon these
considerably in excess of the rate originally assumed, as above, to be a fair rate, it is
agreed that the said tariff shall be revised, and that as soon as the Treaty shall have
been signed, application shall be made to the Emperor of China to depute a high
officer of the Board of Bevenue to meet, at Shanghai, officers to be deputed on behalf
of the British Government, to consider its revision together, so that the tariff*, as
revised, may come into operation immediately after the ratification of this Treaty.
Art. XXVII.—It is agreed that either of the high contracting parties to this
Treaty may demand a further revision of the tariff, and of the Commercial Articles of
Inis Treaty, at the end of ten years ; but if no demand be made on either side within
six months after the end of the first ten years, then the tariff shall remain in force for
ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years, and so it shall
be at the end of each successive ten years.
that Art.
BritishXXVin.—Whereas
imports, having paidit was agreedduties,
the tariff in Article
shouldX.be ofconveyed
the Treaty of Nanking
into the interior,
tree of all further charges, except a transit duty, the amount whereof was not to
exceed a certain percentage on tariff value; and whereas, no accurate information
having been furnished of the amount of such duty, British merchants have constantly
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
Complained that charges are suddenly and arbitrarily imposed by the provincial
authorities as transit duties upon produce on its way to the foreign market, and on
imports on their way into the interior, to the detriment of trade ; it is agreed that
within four months from the signing of this Treaty, at all ports now open to British
trade, and within a similar period at all ports that may hereafter be opened, the
authority appointed to superintend the collection of duties shall be obliged, upon
application of the Consul, to declare the amount of duties leviable on produce between
the place of production and the port of shipment upon imports between the Consular
port in question and the inland markets named by the Consul; and that a notification
thereof shall be published in English and Chinese for general information.
But it shall be at the option of any British subject desiring to convey produce
purchased inland to a port, or to convey imports from a port to an inland market, to
clear his goods of all transit duties, by payment of a single charge. The amount of
this charge shall be leviable on exports at the first barrier they may have to pass, or,
on imports at the port at which they are landed; and on payment thereof a certificate
shall be issued, which shall exempt the goods fromallfurther inland charges whatsoever.
It is further agreed that the amount of the charge shall be calculated, as nearly
as possible, at the rate of two and a half per cent, ad valorem, and that it shall be fixed
for each article at the conference to be held at Shanghai for the revision of the tariff.
It is distinctly understood that the payment of transit dues, by commutation or
otherwise, shall in no way affect the tariff duties on imports or exports, which will
continue to be levied separately and in full.
Art. XXIX.—British merchant vessels, of more than one hundred and fifty tons
burden, shall be charged tonnage-dues at the rate of four mace per ton ; if of one
hundred and fifty tons and under, they shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton.
Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China for any other of the open
ports, or for Hongkong, shall be entitled, on application of the master, to a special
certificate from the Customs, on exhibition of which she shall be exempted from all
further payment of tonnage dues in any open ports of China, for a period of four
months, to be reckoned from the port-clearance.
Art. XXX.—The master of any British merchant vessel may, within forty-eight
hours after the arrival of his vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking
bulk, in which case he will not be subject to pay tonnage-dues. But tonnage-dues
shall be held due after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours. No other fees or
charges upon entry or departure shall be levied.
Art. XXXI.—No tonnage-dues shall be payable on boats employed by British
subjects in the conveyance of passengers, baggage, letters, articles of provision, or
other articles not subject to duty, between any of the open ports. All cargo-boats,
however, conveying merchandise subject to duty shall pay tonnage-dues once in six
months, at the rate of four mace per register ton.
Art. XXXII.—The Consuls and Superintendents of Customs shall consult together
regarding the erection of beacons or lighthouses and the distribution of buoys and
lightships, as occasion may demand.
Art. XXXIII.—Duties shall be paid to the bankers authorised by the Chinese
Government to receive the same in its behalf, either in sycee or in foreign money,
according to the assay made at Canton on the thirteenth of July, one thousand eight
hundred and forty-three.
Art. XXXIV.—Sets of standard weights and measures, prepai'ed according to
the standard issued to the Canton Custom-house by the Board of Revenue, shall be
delivered by the Superintendent of Customs to the Consul at each port to secure
uniformity and prevent confusion.
Art. XXXV,—Any British merchant vessel arriving at one of the open ports
shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to take her into port. In like
manner, after she has discharged all legal dues and duties and is ready to take her
departure, she shall be allowed to select a pilot to conduct her out of port.
Art. XXXVI.—Whenever a British merchant vessel shall arrive off one of the
open ports, the Superintendent of Customs shall depute one or more Customs officers
10 TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
to guard the ship. They shall either live in a boat of their own, or stay on board the
ship, as may best suit their convenience. Their food and expenses shall be supplied
them from the Custom-house, and they shall not be entitled to any fees whatever
from the master or consignee. Should they violate this regulation, they shall be
punished proportionately to the amount exacted.
Art. XXXVII.—Within twenty-four hours after arrival, the ships ’papers,
bills of lading, etc., shall be lodged in the hands of the Consul, who will within a
further period of twenty-four hours report to the Superintendent of Customs the name
of the ship, her registered tonnage, and the nature of her cargo. If, owing to neglect
on the part of the master, the above rule is not complied with within forty-eight
hours after the ship’s arrival, he shall be liable to a fine of fifty taels for every day’s
delay; the total amount of penalty, however, shall not exceed two hundred taels.
The master will be responsible for the correctness of the manifest, which shall
contain a full and true account of the particulars of the cargo on board. For
presenting a false manifest, he will subject himself to a fine of five hundred taels; but
he will be allowed to correct, within twenty-four hours after delivery of it to the customs
officers, any mistake he may discover in his manifest without incurring this penalty.
Art. XXXVIII.—After receiving from the Consul the report in due form, the
Superintendent of Customs shall grant the vessel a permit to open hatches. If the
master shall open hatches, and begin to discharge any goods, without such pei’mission,
he shall be fined five hundred taels, and the goods discharged shall be confiscated wholly.
Art. XXXIX—Any British merchant who has cargo to land or ship must apply
to the Superintendent of Customs for a special permit. Cargo landed or shipped
without such permit will be liable to confiscation.
Art. XL.—No transhipment from one vessel to another 'can be made without
special permission, under pain of confiscation of the goods so transhipped.
Art. XLI.—When all dues and duties shall have been paid, the Superintendent
of Customs^ shall give a port-clearance and the Consul shall then return the ship’s
papers, so that she may depart on her voyage.
Art. XLII.—With respect to articles subject, according to the tariff, to an ad
valorem duty, if the British merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officer in affixing
its value, then each party shall call two or three merchants to look at the goods, and
the highest price at which any of these merchants would be willing to purchase
them shall be assumed as the value of the goods.
• Art. XLIII.—Duties shall be charged upon the net weight of each article,
making a deduction for the tare, weight of congee, &q. To fix the tare of any articles,
such as tea, if the British merchant cannot agree with the Custom-house officer, then
each party shall choose so many chests out of every hundred, which being first
weighed in gross, shall afterwards be tared, and the average tare upon these chests
shall be assumed as the tare upon the whole; and upon this principle shall the
tare be fixed upon other goods and packages. If there should be any other points in
dispute which cannot be settled, the British merchant may appeal to his Consul, who
will communicate the particulars of the case to the Superintendent of Customs, that
it may be equitably arranged. But the appeal must be made wiihin twenty-four
hours or it will not be attended to. While such points are still unsettled, the
Superintendent of Customs shall postpone the insertion of the same in his books.
Art. XLIV.—Upon all damaged goods a fair reduction of duty shall be allowed
proportionate to their deterioration. If any disputes arise, they shall be settled in
the manner pointed out in the clause of this Treaty having reference to articles which
pay duty ad valorem.
Art. XLV.—British merchants who may have imported merchandise into any of
the open ports, and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to re-export the same, shall
be entitled to make application to the Superintendent of Customs, who, in order to
prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made by suitable officers,
to see that the duties paid on such goods, as entered in the Custom-house books,
correspond with the representations made and that the goods remain with their
original marks unchanged. He shall then make a memorandum of the port-clearance
TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858 11
of the goods, and of the amount of duties paid, and deliver the same to the merchant,
and shall also certify the facts to the officers of Customs of the other ports. All which
being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, every-
thing being found on examination there to correspond, she shall be permitted to break
bulk, and land the said goods, without being subject to the payment of any additional
duty thereon. But if, on such examination, the Superintendent of Customs shall
detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall be subject to
confiscation by the Chinese Government.
British merchants desiring to re-export duty-paid imports to a foreign country
shall be entitled, on complying with the same conditions as in the case of re-exporta-
tion to another port in China, to a drawback certificate, which shall be a valid tender
to the Customs in payment of import or export duties.
Foreign grain brought into any port of China in a British ship, if no part thereof
has been landed, may be re-exported without hindrance.
Art. XLVI.—The Chinese authorities at each port shall adopt the means they
may judge most proper to prevent the revenue suffering from fraud or smuggling.
Art. XLVII.—British merchant-vessels are not entitled to resort to otherthanthe
ports of trade declared open by Treaty; they are not unlawfully to enter other ports in
China, or to carry on clandestine trade along the coast thereof. Any vessel violating this
provision shall, with her cargo, be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.
Art. XLVIII.—If any British merchant-vessel be concerned in smuggling, the
goods, whatever their value or nature, shall be subject to confiscation by the Chinese
authorities, and the ship may be prohibited from trading further, and sent away as
soon as her account shall have been adjusted and paid.
Art. XLIX.—All penalties enforced, or confiscations made, under this Treaty
shall belong and be appropriated to the public service of the Government of China.
Art. L.—All official communications addressed by the Diplomatic and Consular
Agent of Her Majesty the Queen to the Chinese Authorities shall, henceforth, be writ-
ten in English. They -will for the present be accompanied by a Chinese version, but it
is understood that, in the event of there being any difference of meaning between the
English and Chinese text, the English Government will hold the sense as expressed in
the English text to be the correct sense. This provision is to apply to the Treaty now
negotiated, the Chinese textof which has been carefully corrected by the English original.
Art. LI.—It is agreed that henceforward the character (barbarian) shall not
be applied to the Government or subjects of Her Britannic Majesty in any Chinese official
document issued by the Chinese authorities, either in the capital or in the provinces.
Art. LII.—British ships of war coming for no hostile purpose, or being engaged
in the pursuit of pirates, shall be at liberty to visit all ports within the dominions
of the Emperor of China, and shall receive every facility for the purchase of pro-
visions, procuring water, and, if occasion require, for the making of repairs. The
commanders of such ships shall hold intercourse with the Chinese authorities on
terms of equality and courtesy.
Art. LIII.—In consideration of the injury sustained by native and foreign
commerce from the prevalence of piracy in the seas of China, the high contracting
parties agree to concert measures for its suppression.
Art. LIV.—The British Government and its subjects are hereby confirmed in all
privileges, immunities, and advantages conferred on them by previous Treaties: and
it is hereby expressly stipulated that the British Government and its subjects will be
allowed free and equal participation in all privileges, immunities and advantages that
may have been, or may be hereafter, granted by His Majesty the Emperor of China
to the Government or subjects of any other nation.
Art. LV.—In evidence of her desire for the continuance of a friendly under-
standing, Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain consents to include in a Separate
Article, which shall be in every respect of equal validity with the Articles of this
Treaty, the condition affecting indemnity for expenses incurred and losses sustained
in the matter of the Canton question.
12 TIENTSIN TREATY, 1858
Art. LVI.—The ratifications of this Treaty, under the hand of Her Majesty the-
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and of His Majesty the Emperor of China, re-
spectively, shall be exchanged at Peking, within a year from this day of signature.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this
Treaty. Done at Tientsin, this twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight; corresponding with the Chinese date, the
sixteenth day, fifth moon, of the eighth year of Hien Fung.
[l.s.] Elgin and Kincardine.
Signature of 1st Chinese Plenipotentiary. Signature op 2nd Chinese Plenipotentiary.
Separate Article annexed to the Treaty concluded between Great Britain and China on the
twenty-sixth day of June, in the year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-eight.
It is hereby agreed that a sum of two millions of taels, on account of the losses sus-
tained by British subjects through the misconduct of the Chinese authorities at Canton,
and a further sum of two millions of taels on account of the Military expenses of the ex-
pedition which Her Majesty the Queen has been compelled to send out for the purpose of
obtaining redress, and of enforcing the observance of Treaty provisions, shall be paid
to Her Majesty’s Representatives in Chinaby the authorities of the Kwangtung Province.
The necessary arrangements with respect to the time and mode of effecting
these payments shall be determined by Her Majesty’s Representative, in concert with,
the Chinese authorities of Kwangtung.
When the above amounts shall have been discharged in full, the British forces
will be withdrawn from the city of Canton. Done at Tientsin this twenty-sixth day of
June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eiglit, corresponding
with the Chinese date, the sixteenth day, filth moon, of the eighth year of Hien Fung.
[l.s.] Elgin and Kincardine.
Signature op 1st Chinese Plenipotentiary. Signature op 2nd Chinese Plenipotentiary,
AGREEMENT IN PURSUANCE OE ARTICLES XXVI.
AND XXVIII. OE THE TREATY OE TIENTSIN *
Signed at Shanghai, 8th November, 1858
Whereas it was provided, by the Treaty of Tientsin, that a conference should b©
held at Shanghai between Officers deputed by the British Government on the one part
and by the Chinese Government on the other part, for the purpose of determining the
amount of tariff duties and transit dues to be henceforth levied, a conference has been
held accordingly; and its proceedings having been submitted to the Right Honourable
the Earl cf Elgin and Kincardine, High Commissioner and Plenipotentiary of Her
Majesty the Queen on the one part; and to Kweiliang, Hwashana, Ho Kwei-tsing,
Ming-shen, and Twan Ching-shih, High Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries of His
Imperial Majesty the Emperor, on the other part, these High Officers have agreed
and determined upon the revised Tariff hereto appended, the rate of transit dues
therewith declared, together with other Rules and Regulations for the better explana-
tion of the Treaty aforesaid ; and do hereby agree that the said Tariff and Rules—
the latter being in ten Articles, thereto appended—shall be equally binding on the
Governments and subjects to both countries with the Treaty itself.
In witness whereof they hereto affix their Seals and Signatures.
Done at Shanghai, in the province of Kiangsu, this eighth day of November, in
the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, being the third day of the
tenth moon of the eighth year of the reign of Hien Fung.
[l.s.]
Seal of Chinese Plenipotentiaries. Elgin andorKincardine.
Signatures the Five Chinese Plenipotentiaries.
* The Tariff Import has been superseded by one arranged in 1902.
THE CHEEOO CONVENTION, 1876
WITH ADDITIONAL ARTICLE THERETO FOR REGULATING THE
TRAFFIC IN OPIUM
Ratifications exchanged at London, 6th May, 1886
Agreement negotiated between Sir Thomas Wade, k.c.b., Her Britannic
Majesty’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of China,
and Li, Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China, Senior Grand
Secretary, Governor-General of the Province of Chihli, of the First Class of the
Third Order of Nobility.
The negotiation between the Ministers above named has its origin in a despatch
received by Sir Thomas Wade, in the Spring of the present year, from the Earl of
Derby, Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 1st January, 1876.
This contained instructions regarding the disposal of three questions: first, a satis-
factory settlement of the Yunnan affair; secondly, a faithful fulfilment of engagements
of last year respecting intercourse between the high officers of the two Governments ;
thirdly, the adoption of a uniform system in satisfaction of the understanding arrived
at in the month of September, 1875 (8th moon of the 1st year of the reign Kwang
Su), on the subject of rectification of conditions of trade. It is to this despatch that
Sir Thomas Wade has referred himself in discussions on these questions with the
Tsung-li Yamen, further reference to which is here omitted as superfluous. The
conditions now agreed to between Sir Thomas Wade and the Grand Secretary are as
follows:—
Section I.—Settlement of the Yunnan Case
1. —A Memorial is to be presented to the Throne, whether by t
Yamen or by the Grand Secretary Li is immaterial, in the sense of the memorandum
prepared by Sir Thomas Wade. Before presentation the Chinese text of the Memorial
is to be shown to Sir Thomas Wade.
2. —The Memorial having been presented to the Throne, and the Im
in reply received, the Tsung-li Yamen will communicate copies of the Memorial and
Imperial decree of Sir Thomas Wade, together with copy of a letter from tho
Tsung-li Yamen to the Provincial Governments, instructing them to issue a proclama-
tion that shall embody at length the above Memorial and Decree. Sir Thomas Wade
will thereon reply to the effect that for two years to come officers will be sent by the
British Minister to different places in the provinces to see that the proclamation is
posted. On application from the British Minister or the Consul of any port instructed
by him to make application, the high officers of the provinces will depute competent
officers to accompany those so sent to the places which they go to observe.
3. —In order to the framing of such regulations as will be needed f
of the frontier trade between Burmah and Yunnan, the Memorial submitting the
proposed settlement of the Yunnan affair will contain a request that an Imperial
Decree be issued directing the Governor-General and Governor, whenever the British
Government shall send officers to Yunnan, to select a competent officer of rank to
confer with them and to conclude a satisfactory arrangement.
4. —The British Government will be free for five years, from the
next, being the 17th day of the 11th moon of the 2nd year of the reign of Kwang Su,
to station officers at Ta-li Fu, or at some other suitable place in Yunnan, to observe
the conditions of trade ; to the end that they may have information upon which to
base the regulations of trade when these have to be discussed. For the considera-
tion and adjustment of any matter affecting British officers or subjects, these officers
will be free to address themselves to the authorities of the province. The opening
14 THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
of the trade may be proposed by the British Government as it may find best at any
time within the term of five years, or upon expiry of the term of five years.
Passports having been obtained last year for a Mission from India into Yunnan,
it is open to the Viceroy of India to send such Mission at any time he may see fit.
5. —The amount of indemnity to be paid on account of the familie
and others killed in Yunnan, on account of the expenses which the Yunnan case has
-occasioned, and on account of claims of British merchants arising out of the action
of officers of the Chinese Government up to the commencement of the present year.
Sir Thomas Wade takes upon himself to fix at two hundred thousand taels, payable
on demand.
6. —"When the case is closed an Imperial letter will be written e
for what has occurred in Yunnan. The Mission bearing the Imperial letter will
proceed to England immediately. Sir Thomas Wade is to be informed of the
-constitution of this Mission for the information of this Government. The text of the
Imperial letter is also to be communicated to Sir Thomas Wade by the Tsung-li
Yamen.
Section II.—Official Intercourse
Under this heading are included the conditions of intercourse between high
officers in the capital and the provinces, and between Consular officers and Chinese
officials at the ports; also the conduct of judicial proceedings in mixed cases.
1. —In the Tsung-li Yamen’s Memorial of the 28th September,
•of Kung and the Ministers stated that their object in presenting it had not been
simply the transaction of business in which Chinese and Foreigners might be con-
cerned; missions abroad and the question of diplomatic intercourse lay equally with-
in their prayer.
To the prevention of further misunderstanding upon the subject of intercourse
and correspondence, the present conditions of both having caused complaint in the
•capital and in the provinces, it is agreed that the Tsung-li Yamen shall address a
circular to the Legations, inviting Foreign Representatives to consider with them a
code of etiquette, to the end that foreign officials in China, whether at the ports or
elsewhere, may be treated with the same regard as is shown them when serving
abroad in other countries and as would be shown to Chinese agents so serving abroad.
The fact that China is about to establish Missions and Consulates abroad renders
an understanding on these points essential.
2. —The British Treaty of 1858, Article XV1., lays down that “
who may be guilty of any criminal act towards British subjects shall be arrested and
punished by Chinese authorities according to the l&ws of China.
.“British subjects who may commit any crime in China shall be tried and
punished by the Consul, or any other public functionary authorised thereto, accord-
ing to the laws of Great Britain.
“Justice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both sides.”
The words “functionary authorised thereto” are translated in the Chinese text
“British Government.”
In order to the fulfilment of its Treaty obligation, the British Government has
established a Supreme Court at Shanghai with a special code of rules, which it is
now about to revise. The Chinese Government has established at Shanghai a Mixed
Court; but the officer presiding over it, either from lack of power or dread of un-
popularity, constantly fails to enforce his judgments.
It is now understood that the Tsung-li Yamen will write a circular to the Lega-
tion, inviting Foreign Representatives at once to consider with the Tsung-li Yamen
the measures needed for the more effective administration of justice at the ports
open to trade.
3- Itof isa British
property agreed subject,
that, whenever
whether ain crime is committed
the interior or at theaffecting
open ports,thetheperson or
British
Minister shall be free to send officers to the spot to be present at the investigation.
THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876 15
To the prevention of misunderstanding on this point, Sir Thomas Wade will
write a Note to the above effect, to which the Tsung-li Tamen will reply, affirming
that this is the course of proceeding to be adhered to for the time to come.
It is further understood that so long as the laws of the two countries differ from
each other, there can be but one principle to guide judicial proceedings in mixed cases
in China, namely, that the case is tried by the official of the defendant’s nationality;
the official of the plaintiff’s nationality merely attending to watch the proceedings in
the interest of j ustice. If the officer so attending be dissatisfied with the proceedings,
it will be in his power to protest against them in detail. The law administered will
be the law of the nationality of the officer trying the case. This is the meaning of
the words hui t'ung. indicating combined action in judicial proceedings, in Article
XVI. of the Treaty of Tientsin; and this is the course to be respectively followed by
the officers of either nationality.
Section III.—Trade.
1.—With reference to the area within which, according to the Treaties in force,
lelein ought not to be collected on foreign goods at the open ports, Sir Thomas Wade
agrees to move his Government to allow the ground rented by foreigners (the so-called
Concessions) at the different ports, to be regarded as the area of exemption from
lekin; and the Government of China will thereupon allow Ich’ang, in the province
of Hu-pi; Wu-hu, in An-hui; Wen-chow, in Che-kiang ; and Pei-hai (Pak-hoi),
in Kwang-tung to be added to the number of ports open to trade and to become
Consular stations. The British Government will, further, be free to send officers to
reside at Chung-k’ing to watch the conditions of British trade in Szechuen -
British merchants will not be allowed to reside at Chung-k’ing, or to open establish-y
ments or warehouses there, so long as no steamers have access to the port. When,
steamers have succeeded in ascending the river so far, further arrangements can be
taken into consideration.
It is further proposed as a measure of compromise that at certain points on the
shore of the Great Biver, namely, Tat’ung and Ngan-Ching in the province of An-
hui; Ho-Kou, in Kiang-si; Wu-sueh, Lu-chi kou, and Sha-shih in Hu-Kwang,
these being all places of trade in the interior, at which, as they are not open ports,
foreign merchants are not legally authorised to land or ship goods, steamers shall be
allowed to touch for the purpose of landing or shipping passengers or goods; but in
all instances by means of native boats only, and subject to the regulations in force
affecting native trade.
Produce accompanied by a half-duty certificate may be shipped at such points
by the steamers, but may not be landed by them for sale. And at all such points,
except in the case of imports accompanied by a transit duty certificate or exports
similarly certificated, which will be severally passed free of lekin on exhibition of such
certificates, lekin will be duly collected on all goods whatever by the native authorities.
Foreign merchants will not be authorised to reside or open houses of business or
warehouses at the places enumerated as ports of call.
2. —At all ports open to trade, whether by earlier or later agreem
settlement area has been previously defined, it will be the duty of the British Consul,
acting in concert with his colleagues, the Consuls of other Powers, to come to an
understanding with the local authorities regarding the definition of the foreign
settlement area.
3. —On Opium, Sir Thomas Wade will move his Governmen
arrangement different from that affecting other imports. British merchants, when
opium is brought into port, will be obliged to have it taken cognisance of by the
Customs, and deposited in bond, either in a warehouse or a receiving hulk, until such
time as there is a sale for it. The importer will then pay the tariff duty upon it,
and the purchasers the lekin, in order to the prevention of evasion of the Treaty. The
amount of lekin to be collected will be decided by the different Provincial Govern-
ments according to the circumstances of each.
16 THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
4. —The Chinese Government agree that Transit Duty Ce
framed under one rule at all ports, no difference being made in the conditions set forth
therein; and that, so far as imports are concerned, the nationality of the person
possessing and carrying these is immaterial. Native produce carried from an inland
centre to a port of shipment, if bond fide intended for shipment to a foreign port,
may be, by treaty, certified by the British subject interested, and exempted by
payment of the half duty from all charges demanded upon it en route. If produce be
not the property of a British subject, or is being carried to a port not for exportation,
it is not entitled to the exemption that would be secured it by the exhibition of a
transit duty certificate. The British Minister is prepared to agree with the Tsung-li
Yamen upon rules that will secure the Chinese Government against abuse of the
privilege as affecting produce.
The words nei-ti (inland) in the clause of Article VII. of the Buies appended to
the Tariff, regarding carriage of imports inland, and of native produce purchased
inland, apply as much to places on the sea coasts and river shores as to places in the
interior not open to foreign trade; the Chinese Government having the right to make
arrangements for the prevention of abuses thereat.
5. —Article XLV. of the Treaty of 1858 prescribed no limit to
which a drawback may be claimed upon duty-paid imports. The British Minister
agrees to a term of three years, after expiry of which no drawback shall be claimed.
6. —Toe foregoing stipulation, that certain ports are to be opened to foreign trade,
and that landing and shipping of goods at six places on the Great Biver is to be
sanctioned, shall be given effect to within six months after receipt of the Imperial
Decree approving the memorial of the Grand Secretary Li. The date for giving effect
to the stipulations affecting exemption of imports from lelcin taxation within the for-
eign settlements and the collection of lelcin upon opium by the Customs Inspectorate
at the same time as the Tariff Duty upon it, will be fixed as soon as the British Gov-
ernment has arrived at an understanding on the subject with other foreign Governments.
7. —The Governor of Hongkong having long complained of t
the Canton Customs Bevenue Cruisers with the junk trade of that Colony, the Chinese
Government agrees to the appointment of a Commission, to consist of a British Consul,
an officer of the Hongkong Government, and a Chinese official of equal rank, in order
do the establishment of some system that shall enable the Chinese Government to
protect its revenue without prejudice to the interests of the Colony.
Separate Article
Her Majesty’s Government haying it in contemplation to send a Mission of
Exploration next year by way of Peking through Kan-su and Koko-Nor, or by way of
Ssu-chuen, to Thibet, and thence to India, the Tsung-li Yamen, having due regard
to the circumstances, will, when the time arrives, issue the necessary passports, and
will address letters to the high provincial authorities and to the Besident in Thibet.
If the Mission should not be sent by these routes, but should be proceeding across
the Indian frontier to Thibet, the Tsung-li Yamen, on receipt of a communication to
the above eftect from the British Minister, will write to the Chinese Besident in
Thibet, and the Besident, with due regard to the circumstances, will send officers to
teke due care of the Mission; and passports for the Mission will be issued by the
Tsung-li Yamen, that its passage be not obstructed.
Done at Chefoo, in the province of Shan-tung, this thirteenth day of September,
in tue year of Our Lird One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy-six.
[l.s.J Thomas Francis Wade.
£l.s.] Li Htjng-chang.
THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876 17
Additional Articles to the Agreement between Great Britain and China
Signed at Chejoo on the \%th September, 1876
Signed at London, 18th July, 1885
The Governments of Great Britain and of China, considering that the arrange-
ments proposed in Clauses 1 and 2 of Section III. of the Agreement between Great
■Britain and China, signed at Chefoo on the 13th September, 1876 (hereinafter
'referred to as the “ Chefoo Agreement ”), in relation to the area within which lakin
ought not to be collected on foreign goods at the open ports, and to the definition of
'the Foreign Settlement area, require further consideration; also that the terms of
Clause 3 of the same section are not sufficiently explicit to serve as an efficient regula-
tion for the traffic in opium, and recognizing the desirability of placing restrictions
on the consumption of opium, have agreed to the present Additional Article.
1. —As regards the arrangements above referred to and proposed
and 2 of Section III. of the Chefoo Agreement, it is agreed that they shall lie reserved
-for further consideration between the two Governments.
2. —In lieu of the arrangement respecting opium proposed in Clau
II. of the Chefoo Agreement, it is agreed that foreign opium, when imported into
-China, shall be taken cognizance of by the Imperial Maritime Customs, and shall be
deposited in bond, either in warehouses or receiving-hulks which have been approved
of by the Customs, and that it shall not be removed thence until there shall have
been paid to the Customs the Tariff duty of 30 taels per chest of 100 catties, and also
a sum not exceeding 80 taels per like chest as lelcin.
3. —It is agreed that the aforesaid import and lehin duties having
owner shall be allowed to have the opium repacked in bond under the supervision of
the Customs, and put into packages of such assorted sizes as he may select from such
sizes as shall have been agreed upon by the Customs authorities and British Consul
at the port of entry.
The Customs shall then, if required, issue gratuitously to the owner a transit cer-
tificate for each such package, or one for any number of packages, at option of the owner.
Such certificates shall free the opium to which it applies from the imposition of
any further tax or duty whilst in transport in the interior, provided that the package
has not been opened, and that the Customs seals, marks, and numbers on the packages
liave not been effaced or tampered with.
Such certificate shall have validity only in the hands of Chinese subjects, and
shall not entitle foreigners to convey or accompany any opium in which they may
be interested into the interior.
4. —It is agreed that the Regulations under which the said certif
issued shall be the same for all the ports, and that the form shall be as follows:—
“ Opium Transit Certificate.
“ This is to certify that Tariff and lelcin duties at the rate of taels per chest
of 100 catties have been paid on the opium marked and numbered as under; and
that, in conformity with the Additional Article signed at London the 18th July, 1885,
and appended to the Agreement between Great Britain and China signed at Chefoo
the 13th September, 1876, and approved by the Imperial Decree printed on the back
thereof, the production of this certificate will exempt the opium to which it refers,
wherever it may be found, from the imposition of any further tax or duty whatever,
provided that the packages are unbroken, and the Customs seals, marks, and numbers
have not been effaced or tampered with.
“ Mark, No,
X -— 00 package#
“ Port of entry,
“ Date “ Signature of Commissioner of Customs.”
5. —The Chinese Government undertakes that when the package
opened at the place of consumption, the opium shall not be subjected to any tax or
18 THE CHEFOO CONVENTION, 1876
contriDution, direct or indirect, other than or in excess of such tax or contribution
as is or may hereafter be levied on native opium.
In the event of such tax or contribution being calculated ad valorem, the same-
rate, value for value, shall be assessed on foreign and native opium, and in ascertaining
for this purpose tbe value of foreign opium the amount paid on it for lekin at the-
port of entry shall be deducted from its market value.
6. —It is agreed that the present Additional Article shall be cons
part of the Ohefoo Agreement, and that it shall have the same force and validity as-
if it were therein inserted word for word. It shall come into operation six monthsr
after its signature, provided the ratifications have then been exchanged, or if they
have not,.then on the date at which such exchange takes place.
7. —The arrangement respecting opium contained in the present A
shall remain binding for four years, after the expiration of which period either
Government may at any time give twelve months’ notice of its desire to determine it,
and, such notice being given, it shall terminate accordingly. It is, however, agreed
that the Government of Great Britain shall have the right to terminate the same at
any time should the transit certificate be found not to confer on the opium complete-
exemption from all taxation whatsoever whilst being carried from the port of entry"
to the place of consumption in the interior. In the event of the termination of the-
present Additional Article the arrangement with regard to opium now in force and.
the regulations attached to the Treaty of Tientsin shall revive.
8. —The High Contracting Parties may, by common consent, ad
tions of the provisions of the present Additional Article which experience may show
to be desirable.
9-—It is understood that the Commission provided for in Clause 7 of Section III.
ofintotheChina
Chefoo
fromAgreement
Hongkongtoshall inquire into the asquestion
be appointed soon asofpossible.
prevention of smuggling
10.—The Chefoo Agreement, together with, and as modified by, the present
Additional Article, shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at London
as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the Undersigned, duly authorized thereto by their respective
Governments, have signed the present Additional Article, and have affixed thereto
their seals.
Done at London, in quadruplicate (two in English and two in Chinese), this-
18th day of July, 1885, being the seventh day of the sixth moon, in the eleventh year
of the reign of Kwang Hsu.
[l.s.] Salisbury.
[l.s.] - Tseng.
The Marquis Tseng to the Marquis of Salisbury.
j0r< 11 r Chinese Legation, London, \Sth Jidy, 1885.
state-MV thatI thel—I eplyGovernment
Imperial to your Lordship’s notefollowing
accept the of this date, I have
as the the honour
expression to •
of the
understanding
and China in regard whichtohasthebeen come to Article
Additional betweento the
the Governments of Great
Chefoo Agreement Britainto
relative
opium, whichs has been signed this day:—
once !■to withdraw
Tt i understood
from thisthatnewit shall be competent
arrangement, and toforrevert
Her toMajesty’s Government
the system of taxationat
for opium at present in operation in China, in case the Chinese Government shall fail to
bring the other Treaty Powers to conform to the provisions of the said Additional Article.
. , ^ isArticle,
Additional furthertheunderstood that, in the
Chefoo Agreement, withevent of the termination
the exception of Clause 3ofofthe said.
Section
lii., and with the modification stipulated in Clause 1 of the said Additional Article, ,
nevertheless, remain in force.
THE OPIUM CONVENTION
Memorandum of the basis of Agreement arrived at after discussion between Mr.
..'James Russell, Puisne Judge of Hongkong; Sir Robert Hart, k.c.m.g., luspector-
■General of Customs, and Shao Taotai, Joint Commissioners for China; and Mr.
Byron Brenan, Her Majesty’s Consul at Tientsin, in pursuance of Article 7, Secton
III. of the Agreement between Great Britain and China, signed at Chefoo on the lath
September, 1876, and of Section 9 of the Additional Article to the said Agreement,
signed at London on the 18th July, 1885.
Mr. Russell undertakes that the Government of Hongkong shall submit to the
Legislative Council an Ordinance * for the regulation of the trade of the Colony in
Raw Opium subject to conditions hereinafter set forth and providing:—
a. —For the prohibition to the import and export of Opium in quantities less than 1 ches
b. —For rendering illegal the possession of Raw Opium, its custody or control in qu
tities less than one chest, except by the Opium Farmer.
c. —That all Opium arriving in the Colony be reported to the Harbour Master, and t
no Opium shall be transhipped, landed, stored or movedfrom one store to another, or re-
exported without a permit from the Harbour Master, and notice to the Opium Farmer.
d. —For the keeping by Importers, Exporters, and Godown Owners, in such form
the Governor may require, books showing the movements of Opium.
e. —For taking stock of quantities in the stores, and search for deficiencies by
Opium Farmer, and for furnishing to the Harbour Master returns of stocks.
/i—For amendment of Harbour Regulations, as to the night clearances of junks.
The conditions on which it is agreed to submit the Ordinance are —
a.—That China arranges with Macao for the adoption of equivalent measures.
. b.—That the Hongkong Government shall be entitled to repeal the Ordinance if it
be found to be injurious to the Revenue or to the legitimate trade of the Colony.
.c.—That an Ofiice under the Foreign Inspectorate shall be established on Chinese
Territory at a convenient spot on the Kowloon side for sale of Chinese Opium Duty
Certificates, which shall be freely sold to all comers, and for such quantities of
Opium as they may require.
d.—That Opium accompanied by such certificates, at the rate of not more than Tls.
110 per picul, shall be free from all further imposts of every sort, and have all the
benefits stipulated for by the Additional Article on behalf of Opium on which duty
has been paid at one of the ports of China, and that it may be made up in sealed
parcels at the option of the purchaser.
. —That junks trading between Chinese ports and Hongkong and their cargoes shall
not be subject to any dues or duties in excess of those leviable on junks and their
cargoes trading between Chinese ports and Macao, and that no dues whatsoever
shall be demanded from junks coming to Hongkong from ports in China, or pro-
ceeding from Hongkong to ports in China, over and above the dues paid or payable
at the ports of clearance or destination.
f. —That the Officer of the Foreign Inspectorate, who will be responsible fo
management of the Kowloon Office, shall investigate and settle any complaints
made by the junks trading with Hongkong against the Native Customs Revenue
Stations or Cruisers in the neighbourhood, and that the Governor of Hongkong, if
he deems it advisable, shall be entitled to send a Hongkong Officer to be present at
and assist in the investigation and decision. If, however, they do not agree, a
reference may be made to the Authorities at Peking for joint decision.
Sir Robert Hart undertakes, on behalf of himself and Shao Taotai (who was com-
ipelled by unavoidable circumstances to leave before the sittings of the Commission
were terminated), that the Chinese Government shall agree to the above conditions.
The undersigned are of opinion that if these arrangements are fully carried out,
;a fairly satisfactory solution of the questions connected with the so-called “Hong-
kong Blockade ” will have been arrived at.
Signed in triplicate at Hongkong, this 11th day of September, 1886.
•See Oi'iliuauce 22 of 1*87. tAmoditiciitioa allowing'\port in nn.lV.- .)u uititii -1 ban oueehe.-twas subseijnently agreed ta.
THE CHUNGKING AGREEMENT, 1890
ADDITIONAL ARTICLE TO THE AOREEMENT BETWEEN GREA1
BRITAIN AND CHINA OF SEPTEMBER 13th, 1876
Ratifications Exchanged at Peking, \9>th Jantmry, 1891
The Governments of Great Britain and China, being desirous of settling in an
amicable spirit the divergence of opinion which has arisen with respect to the First
Clause of the Third Section of the Agreement concluded at Chefoo in 1876, which
stipulates that “ The British Government will be free to send officers to reside at
Chungking to watch the conditions of British trade in Szechuan, that British mer-
chants will not be allowed to reside at Chungking, or to open establishments or
warehouses there, so long as no steamers have access to the port, and that when
steamers have succeeded in ascending the river so far, further arrangements can be
taken into consideration,” have agreed upon the following Additional Articles
I. —Chungking shall forthwith be declared open to trade on the
any other Treaty port. British subjects shall be at liberty either to charter Chinese
vessels or to provide vessels of the Chinese type for the traffic between Ichang and
Chungking.
II. —Merchandise conveyed between Ichang and Chungking b
of vessels shall be placed on the same footing as merchandise carried by steamers-
between Shanghai and Ichang, and shall be dealt with in accordance with Treaty
Tariff' Rules, and the Yangtsze Regulations.
III. —All regulations as to the papers and flags to be carr
above description, as to the repackage of goods for the voyage beyond Ichang and
as to the general procedure to be observed by those engaged in the traffic between
Ichang and Chungking with a view to insuring convenience and security, shall be
drawn up by the Superintendent of Customs at Ichang, the Taotai of the Ch’uan
Tung Circuit, who is now stationed at Chungking, and the Commissioners of Customs
in consultation with the British Consul, and shall be liable to any modifications that
may hereafter prove to be desirable and may be agreed upon by common consent.
IV. —Chartered junks shall pay port dues at Ichang and C
ance with the Yangtsze Regulations; vessels of Chinese type, if and when entitled,
to carry the British flag, shall pay tonnage dues in accordance with Treaty
Regulations. It is obligatory on both chartered junks and also vessels of Chinese
type, even when the latter may be entitled to carry the British flag, to
take out at the Maritime Custom-house special papers and a special flag
when intended to be employed by British subjects in the transport of goods
between Ichang and Chungking, and without such papers and flag no vessels
of either class shall be allowed the privileges and immunities granted under this
Additional Article. Provided with special papers and flag, vessels of both classes
shall be allowed to ply between the two ports, and they and their cargoes shall be
dealt with in accordance with Treaty Rules and the Yangtsze Regulations. All other
vessels shall be dealt with by the Native Customs. The special papers and flag
issued by the Maritime Customs must alone be used by the particular vessel for
which they were originally issued, and are not transferable from one vessel to
another. The use of the British flag by vessels the property of Chinese is strictly
prohibited. Infringement of these Regulations will, in the first instance, render
the offender liable to the penalties in force at the ports hitherto opened under Treaty,.
and should the offence be subsequently repeated, the vessel’s special papers and flag
will be withdrawn, and the vessel herself refused permission thenceforward to trade
between Ichang and Chungking.
V. —When once Chinese steamers carrying cargo run to C
steamers shall in like manner have access to the said port.
THE THIBET-SIKKIM CONVENTION", 1890 21
VI.—It is agreed that the present Additional Article shall he considered as-
forming part of the Chefoo Agreement, and as having the same force and validity as
if it were inserted therein word for word. It shall be ratified, and the ratifications
exchanged at Peking, and it shall come into operation six months after its signature,
provided the ratifications have then been exchanged, or if they have not, then on
the date at which such exchange takes place.
Done at Peking in triplicate (three in English and three in Chinese), this
thirty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
ninety, being the eleventh day of the Second Intercalary Moon of the sixteenth year
of Kuang Hsu.
[l.s.] John- Walsham [l.s.] Signature of Chinese
Plenipotentiary.
THE THIBET-SIKKIM CONVENTION, 1890
Ratified in London, V7th August, 1890
Art. I.—The boundary of Sikkim and Thibet shall be the crest of the mountain-
range separating the waters flowing into the Sikkim Teesta and its affluents from
the waters flowing into the Thibetan Machu and northwards into other rivers of
Thibet. The line commences at Mount Gipmochi on the Bhutan frontier, and follows
the above-mentioned water-parting to the point where it meets Nepaul territory.
Art. II.—It is admitted that the British Government, whose protectorate over
the Sikkim State is hereby recognised, has direct and exclusive control over the
internal administration and foreign relations of that State, and except through
and with the permission of the British Government neither the ruler of the State
nor any of its officers shall have official relations of any kind, formal or informal,
with any other country.
Art. III.—The Government of Great Britain and Ireland and the Government
•f China engage reciprocally to respect the boundary as defined in Article 1. and t®
prevent acts of aggression from their respective sides of the frontier.
Art. IV.—The question of providing increased facilities for trade across the
Sikkim-Thibet frontier will hereafter be discussed with a view to a mutually
satisfactory arrangement by the high contracting Powers.
Art. V.—The question of pasturage on the Sikkim side of the frontier is
reserved for further examination and future adjustment.
Art. VI.—The high contracting Powers reserve for discussion and ai'rangement
the method in which official communications between the British authorities in
India and the authorities in Thibet shall be conducted.
Art. VII.—Two Joint Commissioners shall within six months from the ratifica-
tion of this Convention be appointed, one by the British Government in India, the
•ther by the Chinese Resident in Thibet. The said Commissioners shall meet and
discuss the questions which by the last three preceding articles have been reserved.
Art. VIII.—The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall
he exchanged in London, as soon as possible after the date of the signature thereof.
THE BUBMAH CONVENTION
Signed at Peking, 4th February, 1897
In consideration of the Government of Great Britain consenting to waive its
objections to the alienation by China, by the Convention with France of June 20th.
1895, of territory forming a portion of Kiang Hung, in derogation of the provision
.22 THE BURMAH CONVENTION
of the Convention between Great Britain and China of March 1st, 1894, it has been
agreed between the Governments of Great Britain and China that the following
additions and alterations shall be made in the last-named Convention, hereinafter
referred to as the Original Convention.
(Articles I. to XL refer to the Burmah Frontier and trade across it between Burma
and Yunnan.)
Art. XII. (Providing for the free navigation of the Irrawady by Chinese
vessels).— Add as follows:— The Chinese Government agree hereafter to
consider whether the conditions of trade justify the construction of railways in
Yunnan, and in the event of their construction, agrees to connect them with the
^Burmese lines.
Art. XIII.—Whereas by the Original Convention it was agreed that China
might appoint a Consul in Burmah to reside at Rangoon, and that Great Britain
might appoint a Consul to reside at Manwyne, and that the Consuls of the two
Governments should each within the territories of the other enjoy the same
privileges and immunities as the Consuls of the most favoured nation, and further
that in proportion as the commerce between Burmah and China increased, additional
•Consuls might be appointed by mutual consent to reside at such places in Burmah
and Yunnan as the requirements of trade might seem to demand.
It has now been agreed that the Government of Great Britain may station a
Consul at Momein or Shunning Fu as the Government of Great Britain may prefer,
instead of at Manwyne as stipulated in the Original Convention, and also to station
a Consul at Szumao.
British subjects and persons under British protection may establish themselves
and trade at these places under the same conditions as at the Treaty Ports in
China.
The Consuls appointed as above shall be on the same footing as regards
correspondence and intercourse with Chinese officials as the British Consuls at the
Treaty Ports.
Art. XIY. (Providing for issue of passports by the Consuls on each side of the
-frontier).—Instead of “ Her Britannic Majesty’s Consul at Manwyne” in the Original
Convention read “ Her Britannic Majesty’s Consul at Shunning ‘ or Momein,’ ”
in accordance with the change made in Article XIII.
Failing agreement as to the terms of revision the present arrangement shall
remain in force.
Special Article.
Whereas on the twentieth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and
•ninety-six, the Tsung-li Yamen addressed an official despatch to Her Majesty’s
Charge d’Affaires at Peking, informing him that on the thirtieth day of December,
•one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, they had submitted a Memorial
respecting the opening of ports on the West River to foreign trade, and had received
an Imperial Decree in approval of which they officially communicated a copy.
It has now been agreed that the following places, namely, Wuchow Fu in
Kwangsi, and Samshui city and Bongkun Market in Kwangtung, shall be opened as
Treaty Ports and Consular Stations with freedom of navigation for steamers between
. latter
Samshui andtoWuchow
places and and
be selected Hongkong
notifiedand Canton byby atheroute
in advance from each
Maritime of these
Customs, and
that the following four places shall be established as ports of call for
passengers under the same regulations as the ports of call on the Yangtsze River,goods and
.namely, Kongmoon, Kamchuk, Shiuhing and Takhing.
It is agreed that the present Agreement, together with the Special Article, shall
come into force within four months of the date of signature, and that the ratifications
-thereof shall be exchanged at Peking as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned duly authorised thereto by their respective
•Governments have signed the present agreement.
KOWLOON EXTENSION AGREEMENT, 1898 23
Done at Peking in triplicate (three copies in English and three in Chinese),
the fourth day of February in the Year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and ninety-seven.
(Sd.) Claude M. Macdojtald. (Seal)
(Hieroglyphic) Li Hung-chang (Seal)
KOWLOON EXTENSION AGREEMENT, 1898
Whereas it has for many years past been recognised that an extension of Hong-
kong territory is necessary for the proper defence and protection of the Colony,
It has now been agreed between the Governments of Great Britain and China'
that the limits of British territory shall be enlarged under lease to the extent
indicated generally on the annexed map.
The exact boundaries shall be hereafter fixed when proper surveys have been
made by officials appointed by the two Governments. The term of this lease shall
be ninety-nine years.
It is at the same time agreed that within the City of Kowloon the Chinese
officials now stationed there shall continue to exercise jurisdiction, except so far as
may be inconsistent with the military requirements for the defence of Hongkong.
Within the remainder of the newly-leased territory Great Britain shall have sole
jurisdiction. Chinese officials and people shall be allowed, as heretofore, to use the
road from Kowloon to Hsinan,
It is further agreed that the existing landing-place near Kowloon city shall be
reserved for the convenience of Chinese men-of-war, merchant and passengers vessels,
which may come and go and lie there at their pleasure; and for the convenience of
movements of the officials and people within the city.
When, hereafter, China constructs a railway to the boundary of the Kowloon
territory under British control, arrangements shall be discussed.
It is further understood that there will be no expropriation or expulsion of the
inhabitants of the district included within the extension, and that if land is required
for public offices, fortifications, or the like official purposes, it shall be bought at
a fair price.
If cases of extradition of criminals occur they shall be dealt with in accordance
with the existing treaties between Great Britain and China and the Hongkong
Begulations.
The area leased by Great Britain includes the waters of Mirs Bay and Deep
Bay, but it is agreed that Chinese vessels o£ war, whether neutral or otherwise,
shall retain the right to use those waters.
This Convention shall come into force on the first day of July, eighteen hundred
and ninety-eight, being the thirteenth day of the fifth moon ot the twenty-fourth year
of Kwang Hsu. It shall be ratified by the Sovereigns of the two countries, and the
ratifications shall be exchanged in London as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto by their respective
Governments, have signed the present agreement. ,
Done at Peking in quadruplicate (four copies in English and in Chinese) the
ninth day of June, in the year of Our Lord eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, being
the twenty-first day of the fourth moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kwang Hsii.
Claude M. Macdonald.
Li Hung-chang, 7 Members of
Hsu Ting K'uei, ) Tsung-li Yamen.
THE WEIHAIWEI CONVENTION, 1898
Ratifications exchanged in London, 5th October, 1898
In order to provide Great Britain with a suitable naval harbour in North China,
and for the belter protection of British commerce in the neighbouring seas, the
Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to lease to the Government
.of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Weihaiwei, in the province
of Shantung, and the adjacent waters for so long a period as Port Arthur shall
remain in the occupation of Russia.
The territory leased shall comprise the island of Liukung and all other islands
in the Bay of Weihaiwei, and a belt of land ten English miles wide along the entire
-coast line of the Bay of Weihaiwei. Within the above-mentioned territory leased
Great Biitain shall have sole jurisdiction.
Great Britain shall have, in addition, the right to erect fortifications, station
troops, or take any other measures necessary for defensive purposes, at any points on
or near the coast of the region east of the meridian 121 degrees 40 min. E. of Green-
wich, and to acquire on equitable compensation within that territory such sites as
may be necessary fur water supply, communications, and hospitals. Within that
zone Chinese administration will not be interfered with, but no troops other than
'Chinese or British shall be allowed therein.
It is also agreed that within the walled city of Weihaiwei Chinese officials shall
continue to exercise jurisdiction, except so far as may be inconsistent with naval
.and military requirements for the defence of the territory leased.
It is further agreed that Chinese vessels of war, whether neutral or otherwise,
shall retain the right to use the waters herein leased to Great Britain.
It is further understood that there will be no expropriation or expulsion of the
inhabitants of the territory herein specified, and that if land is required for forti-
fications, public offices, or any official or public purpose, it shall be bought at a fair
price.
This Convention shall come into force on signature. It shall be ratified by the
Sovereigns of the two countries, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in London
.as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto by their respective
Governments, have signed the present agreement.
Claude M. Macdonald.
Prince Chino, Senior Member of the Tsung-li Yamen.
Lia5 Shou Heng, President of Board of Punishments.
Hone at Peking in quadruplicate (four copies in English and four in Chinese)
the first day of July, iai the year of Our Lord eighteen hundred and ninety-eight,
■being the thirteenth day of the fifth moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kuang Hsu.
SUPPLEMENTARY COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
Signed at Shanghai, 5th Septembek, 1902
Ratifications exchanged at Peking, 28th July, 1903.
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain’and Ireland and of
the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Em-
peror of China, having resolved to enter into negotiations with a view to carrying out -
the provisions contained in Article XI. of the Final Protocol signed at Peking on the
7th of September, 1901, under which the Chinese Government agreed to negotiate the
amendments deemed useful by the Foreign Governments to the Treaties of Commerce
and Navigation and other subjects concerning commercial relations with the object of
facilitating them, have for that purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to
say:—
His M i jesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland, His Majesty’s Special Com-
missioner, Sir J,imes Lyle Mackay, Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of
tdie Indian Empire, a member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India, etc.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, the Imperial Commissioners Lii Hai-huan,
President of the Board of Public Works, etc., and Sheng Hsuan-huai, Junior Guardian
of the Heir Apparent, Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works, etc.
Who having communicated to each other their respective full powers, and
found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the
following Articles:—
Art. I.—Delay having occurred in the past in the issue of Drawback Certificates
•wing to the fact that those documents have to be dealt with by the Superintendent
of Customs at a distance from the Customs Office, it is now agreed that Drawback
Certificates shall hereafter in all cases be issued by the Imperial Maritime Customs
within three weeks of the presentation to the Customs of the papers entitling the
applicant to receive such Drawback Certificates.
These Certificates shall be valid tender to the Customs Authorities in payment
of any duty upon goods imported or exported (transit dues excepted), or shall, in the
case of Drawbacks on foreign goods re-exported abroad within three years from the
date of importation, be payable in cash without deduction by the Customs Bank at
the place where the import duty was paid.
But if, in connection with any application for a Drawback Certificate, the
Customs Authorities discover an attempt to defraud the revenue, the applicant shall
be liable to a fine not exceeding five times the amount of the duty whereof he
attempted to defraud the Customs, or to a confiscation of the goods.
Art. II. —China agrees to take the necessary steps to provide for a uniform
national coinage which shall be legal tender in payment of all duties, taxes and other
obligations throughout the Empire by British as well as Chinese subjects.
Art. Ifl.—China agrees that the duties and lekin combined levied on goods carried
by junks from Hongkong to the Treaty Ports in the Canton Province and vice versa
shall together not be less than the duties charged by the Imperial Maritime Customs
on similar goods carried by steamer.
Art. IV.—Whereas questions have arisen in the past concerning the right of
Chinese subjects to invest money in non-Chinese enterprises and companies, and
whereas it is a matter of common knowledge that large sums of Chinese capital are
so invested, China hereby agrees to recognise the legality of all such investments past,
present and future.
;2G THE BRI FISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
It being, moreover, of the utmost importance that all shareholders in a Joint Stock
Company should stand on a footing of perfect equality as far as mutual obligations
are concerned, China further agrees that Chinese subjects who have or may become
shareholders in any British Joint Stock Company shall be held to have accepted, by
the very act of becoming shareholders, the Charter of Incorporation or Memorandum
and Articles of Association of such Company and regulations framed thereunder as
interpreted by British Courts, and that Chinese Courts shall enforce compliance there-
with by such Chinese shareholders, if a suit to that effect be entered, provided always
that their liability shall not be other or greater than that of British shareholders in
the same Company.
Similarly the British Government agree that British subjects investing in
Chinese Companies shall be under the same obligations as the Chinese shareholders
in such companies.
The foregoing shall not apply to cases which have already been before the Courts
and been dismissed.
Art. Y.—The Chinese Government undertake to remove within the next two
years the artificial obstructions to navigation in the Canton .River. The Chinese
Government also agree to improve the accommodation for shipping in the harbour of
Canton and to take the necessary steps to maintain that improvement, such work to
be carried out by the Imperial Maritime Customs and the cost thereof to be defrayed
by a tax on goods landed and shipped by British and Chinese alike according to a
ncale to be arranged between the merchants and the Customs Authorities.
The Chinese Government are aware of the desirability of improving the naviga-
bility by steamer of the waterway between Ichang and Chungking, but are also fully
aware that such improvement might involve heavy expense and would affect the
interests of the population of the provinces of Szechuen, Hunan, and Hupeh. It is,
•therefore, mutually agreed that until improvements can be carried out steamship
owners shall be allowed, subject to approval by the Imperial Maritime Customs, to
.erect, at their own expense, appliances for hauling through the rapids. Such
appliances shall be at the disposal of all vessels, both steamers and junks, subject to
regulations to be drawn up by the Imperial Maritime Customs. These appliances
shall not obstruct the waterway or interfere with the free passage of junks. Signal
stations and channel marks where and when necessary shall be erected by the
Imperial Maritime Customs. Should any practical scheme be presented for improv-
ing the waterway and assisting navigation without injury to the local population or
cost to the Chinese Government, it shall be considered by the latter in a friendly
spirit, t-
. rV at the openChinese
facilities ports forGovernment
bonding andagree
for torepacking
make arrangements
merchandisetoingivebond,
increased
and,
on official representation being made by the British Authorities, to grant the privi-
leges of a bonded warehouse to any warehouse which, to the satisfaction of the
Customs Authorities, affords the necessary security to the revenue.
Such warehouses will be subject to regulations, including a scale of fees according
to commodities, distance from Custom-house and hours of working, to be drawn up
by the Customs Authorities who will meet the convenience of merchants so far as is
compatible with the protection of the revenue.
Art. VII.—Inasmuch as the British Government affords protection to Chinese
trade marks against infringement, imitation, or colourable imitation by British
subjects, the Chinese Government undertake to afford protection to British trade
marks against infringement, imitation, or colourable imitation by Chinese subjects.
The Chinese Government further undertake that the Superintendents of Northern,
and of Southern trade shall establish offices within their respective jurisdictions under
control of the Imperial Maritime Customs where foreign trade marks may be
registered on payment of a reasonable fee.
Art. VIII.—Preamble. The Chinese Government, recognising that the system
Oi levying lekin and other dues on goods at the place of production, in transit, and at
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA 2T
destination, impedes the free circulation of commodities and injures the interests of
trade, hereby undertake to discard completely those means of raising revenue with
the limitation mentioned in Section 8.
The British Government, in return, consent to allow a surtax, in excess of the1
Tariff rates for the time being in force, to he imposed on foreign goods imported by
British subjects, and a surtax in addition to the export duty on Chinese produce
destined for export abroad or coastwise.
It is clearly understood that after lehin barriers and other stations for taxing
goods in transit have been removed, no attempt shall be made to revive them in any
form or under any pretext whatsoever; that in no case shall the surtax on foreign
imports exceed the equivalent of one and a half times the import duty leviable in
terms of the Final Protocol signed by China and the Powers on the 7th day of Sep-
tember, 1901; that payment of the import duty and surtax shall secure for foreign
imports, whether in the hands of Chinese or non-Chinese subjects, in original packages
or otherwise, complete immunity from all other taxation, examination or delay ; that
the total amount of taxation leviable on native produce for export abroad shall, under
no circumstances, exceed 7| per cent, ad valorem.
Keeping these fundamental principles steadily in view, the high contracting
parties have agreed upon the following methods of procedure:—
Section 1.—The Chinese Government undertake that all barriers of whatsoever
kind, collecting lehin or such like dues or duties, shall be permanently abolished on all
roads, railways, and waterways in the Eighteen Provinces of China and the Three
Eastern Provinces. This provision does not apply to the Native Custom-houses at
present in existence on the seaboard or waterways, at open ports, on land routes, and
on land frontiers of China.
Section 2.—The British Government agree that foreign goods on importation, in,
addition to the effective 5 per cent, import duty as provided for in the Protocol of 1901-
shall pay a special surtax equivalent to one and a half times the said duty to comr
pensate for the abolition of lekin, of transit dues in lieu of lehin, and of all otheA
taxation on foreign goods, and in consideration of the other reforms provided for in
this Article; but this provision shall not impair the right of China to tax salt, native
opium and native produce as provided for in Sections 8, 5, 6 and 8.
The same amount of surtax shall be levied on goods imported into the Eighteen
Provinces of China and the Three Eastern Provinces across the land frontiers as on
goods entering China by sea.
Section 3.—All Native Custom-houses now existing, whether at the Open Ports,
on the seaboard, on rivers, inland waterways, land routes or land frontiers, as
enumerated in the Hu Pu and Kung Pu Tse Li (Regulations of the Boards of Bevenue
and Works) and Ta Ch’ing Hui Tien (Dynastic Institutes), may remain; a list of the
same, with their location, shall be furnished to the British Government, for purposes
of record.
Wherever there are Imperial Maritime Custom-houses, or wherever such may
be hereafter placed, Native Custom-houses may be also established ; as well as at any
points either on the seaboard or land frontiers.
The location of Native Custom-houses in the Interior may be changed as the
circumstances of trade seem to require, but any change must be communicated to the
British Government, so that the list may be corrected; the originally stated number
of them shall not, however, be exceeded.
Goods carried by junks or sailing-vessels trading to or from open ports shall not
pay lower duties than the combined duties and surtax on similar cargo carried by
steamers.
Native produce, when transported from one place to another in the interior, shall,
on arrival at the first Native Custom-house, after leaving the place of production, pay
duty equivalent to the export surtax mentioned in Section 7.
When this duty has been paid, a certificate shall be given which shall describe the
nature of the goods, weight, number of packages, etc., amount of duty paid and
intended destination. This certificate, which shall be valid for a fixed period of not
28 THE iramSH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
less than one year from date of payment of duty, shall free the goods from all taxation,
examination, delay, or stoppage at any other Native Custom-houses passed e» route.
If the goods are taken to a place not in the foreign settlements or concessions of an
-open port, for local use, they become there liable to the Consumption Tax described
in Section 8.
If the goods are shipped from an open port, the certificate is to be accepted by
the Custom-house concerned, in lieu of the export surtax mentioned in Section 7.
Junks, boats, or carts shall not be subjected to any taxation beyond a small and
reasonable charge, paid periodically at a fixed annual rate. This does not exclude the
right to levy, as at present, tonnage (Chuan Chao) and port dues (Chuan Liao) on
junks.
Section 4.—Foreign opium duty and present leliin—which latter will now become
a surtax in lieu of lekin—shall remain as provided for by existing Treaties.
Section 5.—The British Government have no intention whatever of interfering
with China’s right to tax native opium, but it is essential to declare that, in bet
arrangements for levying such taxation, China will not subject other goods to taxation,
delay, or stoppage.
China is free to retain at important points on the borders of each province—either
on land or water—offices for collecting duty on native opium, where duties or contribu-
tions leviable shall be paid in one lump sum ; which payment shall cover taxation of all
kinds within that province. Each cake of opium will have a stamp affixed as evidence
of duty payment. Excise officers and police may be employed in connection with these
offices ; but no barriers or other obstructions are to be erected, and the excise officers
nr police of these offices shall not stop or molest any other kinds of goods, or collect
taxes thereon.
A list of these offices shall be drawn up and communicated to the British Govern-
ment for record.
Section 6.—Lekin on salt is hereby abolished and the amount of said lekin and of
other taxes and contributions shall be added to the salt duty, which shall be collected
nt place of production or at first station after entering the province where it is to be
consumed.
The Chinese Government shall be at liberty to establish salt reporting offices at
which boats conveying salt which is being moved under salt passes or certificates may
be required to stop for purposes of examination and to have their certificates vised,
but at such offices no lekin or transit taxation shall be levied and no barriers or
obstructions of any kind shall be erected.
Section 7.—The Chinese Government may re-cast the Export Tariff with specific
duties as far as practicable on a scale not exceeding five per cent, ad valorem; but
existing export duties shall not be raised until at least six months’ notice has been
given.
In cases where existing export duties are above five per cent, they shall be
reduced to not more than that rate.
An additional special surtax of one half the export duty payable for the time
being, in lieu of internal taxation and lekin, may be levied at time of export on goods
exported either to foreign countries or coastwise.
In the case of silk, whether hand or filature reeled, the total export duty shall not
exceed a specific rate equivalent to not more than five per cent, ad valorem. Half of
this specific duty may be levied at the first Native Custom-house in the interior which
the silk may pass and in such case a certificate shall be given as provided for in Section
3, and will be accepted by the Custom-house concerned at place of export in lieu of
half the export duty. Cocoons passing Native Custom-houses shall be liable to no
taxation whatever. Silk not exported but consumed in China is liable to -the Con-
-sumption Tax mentioned in Section 8.
Section 8.—The abolition of the lekin system in China and the abandonment of all
other kinds of internal taxation on foreign imports and on exports will diminish the
•revenue
exports ismaterially.
intended to The surtax onin foreign
compensate imports
a measure and loss
for this exports and on but
of revenue, coastwise
there
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA 29
remains the loss of lekin revenue on internal trade to be met, and it is therefore agreed
that the Chinese Government are at liberty to impose a Consumption Tax on articles
of Chinese origin not intended for export.
This tax shall be levied only at places of consumption and not on goods while in
transit, and the Chinese Government solemnly undertake that the arrangements which
they may make for its collection shall in no way interfere with foreign goods or with
native goods for export. The fact of goods being of foreign origin shall of itself free
them from all taxation, delay, or stoppage, after having passed the Custom-house.
Foreign goods which bear a similarity to native goods shall be furnished by the
•Custom-house, if required by the owner, with a protective certificate for each package,
on payment of import duty and surtax, to prevent the risk of any dispute in the
interior.
Native goods brought by junks to open ports, if intended for local consumption—
irrespective of the nationality of the owner of the goods—shall be reported at the
NativeCustom-h >use only, where the consumption tax may be levied.
China is at liberty to fix the amount of this (consumption) tax, which may vary
according to the nature of the merchandise concerned, that is to say, according as the
.articles are necessaries of life or luxuries; but it shall be levied at a uniform rate on
■goods of the same description, no matter whether carried by junk, sailing-vessel, or
■steamer. As mentioned in Section 3, the Consumption Tax is not to be levied within
foreign settlements or concessions.
Section 9.—An excise equivalent to double the import duty as laid down in the
Protocol of 1901 is to be charged on all machine-made yarn and cloth manufactured in
(China, whether by foreigners at the open ports or by Chineise anywhere in China.
A rebate of the import duty and two-thirJs of the import surtax is to be given
on raw cotton imported from foreign countries, and of all duties, including Consump-
tion Tax, paid on Chinese raw cotton used in mills in China.
Chinese machine-made yarn or cloth having paid excise is to be free of Export
Duty, Export Surtax, Coast Trade Duty, and Consumption Tax. This Excise is to be
collected through the Iir.periid Maritime Customs.
The same principle and procedure are to be applied to all other products of foreign
type turned out by machinery, whether by foreigners at the open ports or by
Chinese anywhere in China.
This stipulation is not to apply to the out-turn of the Hanyang and Ta Yeh Iron
Works in Hupeh and other similar existing Government Works at present exempt from
taxation; or to that of Arsenals, Government Dockyards, or establishments of that
nature for Government purposes which may hereafter be erected.
Section 10.—A member or members of the Imperial Maritime Customs Foreign
Staff shall be selected by each of the Governors-General and Governors, and appointed,
in consultation with the Inspector-General of Imperial Maritime Customs, to each pro-
vince for duty in connection with Native Customs affairs, Consumption Tax, Salt and
Native Opium Taxes. These officers shall exercise an efficient supervision of the work-
ing of these departments, and in the event of their reporting any case of abuse, illegal
exaction, obstruction to the movement of goods, or other cause of complaint, the
Governor-General or Governor concerned will take immediate steps to put an end to
•same.
Section 11.—Cases where illegal action as described in this Article is complained of
shall be promptly investigated by an officer of the Chinese Government of sufficiently
high rank, in conjunction with a British officer and an officer of the Imperial Maritime
Customs, each of sufficient standing; and in the event of its being found by a majority
of the investigating officers that the complaint is well founded and loss has been
incurred, due compensation is to be at once paid from the Surtax funds, through the
Imperial Maritime Customs at the nearest open port. The High Provincial Officials
are to be held responsible that the officer guilty of the illegal action shall be severely
punished and removed from his post.
If the complaint turns out to be without foundation, complainant shall be held
responsible for the expenses of the investigation.
30 THE BEITISH COMMEKCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
His Britaiitiic Majesty’s Minister will have the right to demand Investigation
where from the evidence before him he is satisfied that illegal exactions or obstructions •
have occurred.
Section 12.—The Chinese Government agree to open to foreign trade, on the same •
footing as the places opened to foreign trade by the Treaties of Nanking and Tientsin,
the following places, namely:—
Changsha in Hunan;
Wanhsien in Szechuen;
Nganking in Anhui ^
Waichow (Hui-chow) in Kwangtung; and
Kongmoon (Chiang-men) in Kwangtung.
Foreigners residing in these open ports are to observe the Municipal and Police
Regulations on the same footing as Chinese residents, and they are not to be entitled'
to establish Municipalities and Police of their own within the limits of these Treaty
Ports except with the consent of the Chinese authorities.
If this Article does not come into operation the right to demand under it the-
opening of these ports, with the exception of Kongmoon, which is provided for im
Article 10, shall lapse.
Section 13.—Subject to the provisions of Section 14, the arrangements provided)
for in this Article are to come into force on 1st January, 1904.
By that date all lekin barriers shall be removed and officials employed in the-
collection of taxes and dues prohibited by this Article shall be removed from their
posts.
Section 14.—The condition on which the Chinese Government enter into the
present engagement is that all Powers entitled to most favoured nation treatment in..
China enter into the same engagements as Great Britain with regard to the payment
of surtaxes and other obligations imposed by this Article on His Britannic MajestyV
Government and subjects.
The conditions on which His Britannic Majesty’s Government enter into the-
present engagement are: —
(1.) That all Powers who are now or who may hereafter become entitled to most
favoured nation treatment in China enter into the same engagements;
(2.) And that their assent is neither directly nor indirectly made dependent on the'
granting by China of any political concession, or of any exclusive commercial concession..
Section 15.—Should the Powers entitled to most favoured nation treatment by
China have failed to agree to enter into the engagements undertaken by Great Britain
under this Article by the 1st January, 1904, then the provisions of the Article shall
only come into force when all the Powers have signified their acceptance of these
engagements.
Section 16.—When the abolition of leTcin and other forms of internal taxation on.
goods as provided for in this Article has been decided upon and sanctioned, an Imperial
Edict shall be published in due form on yellow paper and circulated, setting forth the-
abolition of all lekin taxation, lekin barriers and all descriptions of internal taxation on.
goods, except as provided for in this Article.
The Edict shall state that the Provincial High Officials are responsible that any
official disregarding the letter or spirit of its injunction shall be severely punished and
removed from his post.
Art. IX.—The Chinese Government, recognising that it is advantageous for the-
country to develop its mineral resources, and that it is desirable to attract Foreign as
well as Chinese capital to embark in mining enterprises, agree within one year from the
signing of this Treaty to initiate and conclude the revision of the existing Mining
Regulations. China will, with all expedition and earnestness, go into the whole-
question of Mining Rules and, selecting from the rules of Great Britain, India, and
other countries, regulations which seem applicable to the condition of China, she will
re-cast her present Mining Rules in such a way as while promoting the interests o
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA 31
Chinese subjects and not injuring in any way the sovereign rights of China, shall offer
aio impediment to the attraction of foreign capital, or place foreign capitalists at a
greater disadvantage than they would be under generally accepted foreign regulations.
Any mining concession granted after the publication of these new Eules shall be
subject to their provisions.
Art. X.—Whereas in the year 1898 the Inland Waters of China were opened to all
such steam vessels, native or foreign, as might be especially registered for that trade
.at the Treaty Ports, and whereas the Eegulations dated 28th July, 1898, andSupple-
anentary Eules dated September, 1898, have been found in some respects inconvenient
in working, it is now mutually agreed to amend them and to annex such new Eules
-to this Treaty. These Eules shall remain in force until altered by mutual consent.
It is further agreed that Kongmoon shall be opened as a Treaty Port, and that, in
addition to the places named in the special Article of the Burmah Convention of 4th
February, 1897, British steamers shall be allowed to land or ship cargo and passengers,
under the same regulations as apply to the “ Ports of Call ” on the Yangtze Eiver, at
the following “ Ports of Call”: PakTau Hau (Pai-t‘u k‘ou),Lo Ting Hau (Lo-ting k'ou),
and Do Sing (Tou-ch‘eng); and to land or discharge passengers at the following ten
passenger landing stages on the West Eiver:—Yung Ki (Jung-chi), Mah Xing (Ma-
ning), Kau Kong (Chiu-chiang), Kulow (Ku-lao), Wing On (Yung-an), How Lik
(Houli), Luk Pu (Lu-pu), Yuet Sing (Yiieh-ch‘eng), Luk To (Lu-tu) and Fung Chuen
.(Feng-ch‘uan).
Art. XI.—His Britannic Majesty’s Government agree to the prohibition of the
general importation of morphia into China, on condition, however, that die Chinese
Government will allow of its importation, on payment of the Tariff import duty and
under special permit, by duly qualified British medical practitioners and for the
use of hospitals, or by British chemists and druggists who shall only be permitted
to sell it in small quantities and on receipt of a requisiiion signed by a duly qualified
foreign medical practitioner.
The special permits above referred to will be granted to an intending importer
•on his signing a bond before a British Consul guaranteeing the fulfilment of these
conditions. Should an importer be found guilty before a British Consul of a breach
•of his bond, he will not be entitled to take out another permit. Any British subject
importing morphia without a permit shall be liable to have such morphia con-
fiscated.
This Article will come into operation on. all other Treaty Powers agreeing to its
cpnditions, but any morphia actually shipped before that date will not be affected by
this prohibition.
The Chinese Government on their side undertake to adopt measures at once to
prevent the manufacture of morphia in China.
Art. XII.—China having expressed a strong desire to reform her judicial system
and to bring it into accord with that of Western nations, Great Britain agrees to
give every assistance to such reform, and she will also be prepared to relinquish her
extra-territorial rights when she is satisfied that the state of the Chinese laws, the
arrangement for their administration and other considerations warrant her in so
doing.
Art. XIII.—The missionary question in China being, in the opinion of the
Chinese Government, one requiring careful consideration, so that, if possible, troubles
rsuch as have occurred in the past may be averted in the future, Great Britain agrees
to join in a Commission to investigate this question, and, if possible, to devise means
for securing permanent peace between converts and non-converts, should such a
Commission be formed by China and the Treaty Powers interested.
Art. XIY.—Whereas under Eu!e Y. appended to the Treaty of Tientsin of 1858.
British merchants are permitted to export rice and all other grain from one port of
China to another under the same conditions in respect of security as copper “cash,”
it is now agreed that in cases of expected scarcity or famine from whatsoever cause in
any district, the Chinese Government shall, on giving twenty-one days’ notice, be at
liberty to prohibit the shipment of rice and other grain from such district.
32 THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
Should any vessel specially chartered to load rice or grain previously contracted;
for have arrived at her loading port prior to or on the day when a notice of prohibition
to export comes into force, she shall be allowed an extra week in which to ship her
cargo.
If during the existence of this prohibition, any shipment of rice or grain is allowed
by the authorities, the prohibition shall, ipso facto, be considered cancelled and shall
not be re-imposed until six weeks’ notice has been given.
When a prohibition is notified, it will be stated whether the Government have any
Tribute or Army Eice which they intend to ship during the time of prohibition, and,
if so, the quantity shall be named.
Such rice shall not be included in the prohibition, and the Customs shall keep a
record of any Tribute or Army Rice so shipped or landed.
The Chinese Government undertake that no rice, other than Tribute or Army
Eice belonging to the Government, shall be shipped during the period of prohibition.
Notifications of prohibitions, and of the quantities of Army or Tribute Eice for
shipment shall be made by the Governors of the Province concerned.
Similarly, notifications of the removals of prohibitions shall be made by the same
authorities.
The export of rice and other grain to foreign countries remains prohibited.
Art. XY.—It is agreed that either of the High Contracting Parties to this Treaty
may demand a revision of the Tariff at the end of 10 years; but if no demand be made
on either side within 6 months after the end of the first 10 years, then the Tariff shall
remain in force for 10 years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding 10 years,
and so it shall be at the end of each successive 10 years.
Any Tariff concession which China may hereafter accord to articles of the produce
or manufacture of any other State shall immediately be extended to similar articles
of the produce or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty’s Dominions by whomsoever
imported.
Treaties already existing between the United Kingdom and China shall continue-
in force in so far as they are not abrogated or modified by stipulations of the present
Treaty.
Art. XYI.—-The English and Chinese Texts of the present Treaty have been care-
fully compared, but in the event of there being any difference of meaning between
them, the sense as expressed in the English text shall be held to be the correct sense.
The ratifications of this Treaty, under the hand of His Majesty the King of
Great Britain and Ireland and of His Majesty the Emperor of China respectively shall
be exchanged at Peking within a year from this day of signature.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this
Treaty, two copies in English and two in Chinese.
Done at Shanghai this fifth day of September in the year of Our Lord, 1902,
corresponding with the Chinese date, the fourth day of the eighth moon of the twenty-
eighth year of Kwang Hsu.
[L.S.] Jas. L. Mackat.
Annex A.—(1)
(Translation.)
Lu, President of the Board of Works ;
Sheng, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President of the Board of
Works ;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with questions connected with the
Commercial Treaties, to
Sir James Mackat, His Britannic Majesty’s Special Commissioner for the dis-
cussion of Treaty matters.
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA 33
Shanghai: K. H. XXVIII., 7th moon, 11th day
(Received August 15, 1902,)
We have the honour to inform you that we have received the following telegram
from His Excellency Liu, Governor General of the Liang Chiang, on the subject of
Clause II. mutually agreed upon by us:
“ As regards this clause, it is necessary to insert therein a clear stipulation, to the
“effect that, no matter what changes may take place in the future, all Customs’ duties
“ must continue to be calculated on the basis of the existing higher rate of the Haikwan
“ Tael over the Treasury Tael, and that ‘ the touch ’ and weight of the former must be
“ made good.”
As we have already arranged with you that a declaration of this kind should be
embodied in an Official Note, and form an annex to the present Treaty, for purposes of
record, we hereby do ourselves the honour to make this communication.
Annex A—(2)
Shanghai, August 18th, 1902.
Gentlemen,
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 14th instant
forwarding copy of a telegram from His Excellency Liu, Governor-General of the
Liang Chiang, on the subject of Article II. of the new Treaty, and in reply I have the
honour to state that His Excellency’s understanding of the Article is perfectly correct.
I presume the Chinese Government will make arrangements for the coinage of a
national silver coin of such weight and touch as may be decided upon by them.
These coins will be made available to the public in return for a quantity of silver
bullion of equivalent weight and fineness plus the usual mintage charge.
The coins which will become the national coinage of China will be declared by
the Chinese Government to be legal tender in payment of Customs duty and in
discharge of obligations contracted in Haikwan taels, but only at their proportionate
value to the Haikwan tael, whatever that may be.
I have the honour to be,
Gentlemen,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) Jas. L. Mackay.
Their Excellencies
Lu Hai-htjan and Sheng Hsuan-huai,
etc., etc., etc.
Annex B—(1)
(Teanslation)
Lit, President of the Board of Works ;
SfiENG, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President of the Board of
Works ;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with questions connected with the
Commercial Treaties, to
Sir James L. Mackay, His Britannic Majesty’s Special Commissioner.
Shanghai, September 2nd, 1902.
We havethe honour to inform you that on the 22nd of August, we, in conjunction
with the Governors-General of the Liang Chiang and the Hu-kuang Provinces, Their
Excellencies Liu and Chang, addressed the following telegraphic Memorial to the
Throne :—
“ Of the revenue of the different Provinces derived from lehin of all kinds, a
“ portion is appropriated for the service of the foreign loans, a portion for the Peking
“ Government, and the balance is reserved for the local expenditure of the Provinces
“ concerned.
2
34 THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
“ In the negotiations now being conducted with Great Britain for the amendment 1
“ of the Commercial Treaties, a mutual arrangement has been come to providing for j
“ the imposition of additional taxes, in compensation for the abolition of all kinds of
■“ lekin and other imposts on goods, prohibited by Article VIII. After payment of u“ interest and sinking fund on the existing foreign loan, to the extent to which lekin
is thereto pledged, these additional taxes shall be allocated to the various Provinces
<<“ to make up deficiencies and replace revenue, in order that no hardships may be
proposal to increase the duties in compensation for the loss of revenue derived from i
“ lekin and other imposts bn goods, it is further stipulated that the surtaxes shall not (j
“ be appropriated for other purposes, shall not form part of the Imperial Maritime
“Customs revenue proper, and shall in no case be pledged as security for any new
“ foreign loan.
“ It is therefore necessary to memorialize for the issue of an Edict, giving effect
“ to the above stipulations and directing the Board of Revenue to find out what j
‘‘proportion of the provincial revenues derived from lekin of all kinds, now about i
“ to be abolished, each Province has hitherto had to remit, and what proportion it ■
“ has been entitled to retain, so that, when the Article comes into operation, due ■
“ apportionment may be made accordingly, thus providing the Provinces with funds I
“ available for local expenditure and displaying equitable and just treatment towards
“ all.”
On the 1st instant an Imperial Decree “ Let action, as requested, be taken,”
was issued, and we now do ourselves the honour reverently to transcribe the same
for your information.
Annex B—(2)
Shanghai, September 5th, 1902. |
Gentlemen,
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 2nd instant
forwarding the text of the Memorial and Decree dealing with the disposal of the1
surtaxes.
I understand that the surtaxes in addition to not being pledged for any new:
foreign loan are not to be pledged to, or held to be security for, liabilities already1
contracted by China except in so far as lekin revenue has already been pledged to ani
existing loan.
I also understand from the Memorial that the whole of the surtaxes provided by|
Article VIII. of the New Treaty goes to the Provinces in proportions to be agreed,
upon between them and the Board of Revenue, but that out of these surtaxes each;
Province is obliged to remit to Peking the same contribution as that which it has;
hitherto remitted out of its lekin collections, and that the Provinces also provide as!
hitherto out of these surtaxes whatever funds may be necessary for the service of the
foreign loan to which lekin is partly pledged.
I hope Tour Excellencies will send me a reply to this despatch and that you will
agree to this correspondence forming part of the Treaty as an Annex.
I have the honour to be,
Gentlemen,
Your obedient servant,
Their Excellencies, (Signed) Jas. L. Mackat. j
Lu Hai-huan and Sheng Hsuan-huai,
etc., etc., etc.
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA 35
Annex B—(3)
(Translation)
Lu, President of tlie Board of Works;
Sheng, Junior G-uardian of the Heir Apparent, Vice-President of the Board of
Works;
Imperial Chinese Commissioners for dealing with questions connected with the
Commercial Treaties, to
Sir James L. Mackat, His Britannic Majesty’s Special Commissioner.
Shanghai, September 5th, 1902.
We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of to-day’s-
date with regard to the allocation of the surtax funds allotted to the Provinces, and to
inform you that the views therein expressed are the same as our own.
We would, however, wish to point out that, were the whole amount of the alloca-
tion due paid over to the Provinces, unnecessary expense would be incurred in the
retransmission by them of such portions thereof as would have to be remitted to
Peking in place of the contributions hitherto payable out of lehin revenue. The
amount, therefore, of the allocation due to the Provinces, arranged between them and
the Board of Revenue, will be retained in the hands of the Maritime Customs, who
will await the instructions of the Provinces in regard to the remittance of such
portion thereof as may be necessary to fulfil their obligations, and (on receipt of
these instructions) will send forward the amount direct. The balance will be held
to the order of the Provinces.
In so far as lehin is pledged to the service of the 1898 loan, a similar method of
procedure will be adopted.
As you request that this correspondence be annexed to the Treaty, we have the •
honour to state that we see no objection to this being done.
Annex C
INLAND WATERS STEAM NAVIGATION
Additional Rules
1. —British steamship owners are at liberty to lease warehouses and
banks of waterways from Chinese subjects for a term not exceeding 25 years, with
option of renewal on terms to be mutually arranged. In cases where British mer-
chants are unable to secure warehouses and jetties from Chinese subjects on satis-
factory terms, the local officials, after consultation with the Minister of Commerce,
shall arrange to provide these on renewable lease as above mentioned at current
equitable rates.
2. —Jetties shall only be erected in such positions that they will not
inland waterway or interfere with navigation, and with the sanction of the nearest
Commissioner of Customs ; such sanction, however, shall not be arbitrarily withheld.
3. —British merchants shall pay taxes and contributions on these wa
jetties on the same footing as Chinese proprietors of similar properties in the neigh-
bourhood. British merchants may only employ Chinese agents and staff to reside in
warehouses so leased at places touched at by steamers engaged in inland traffic to
carry on their business; but British merchants may visit these places from time to
time to look after their affairs. The existing rights of Chinese jurisdiction over
Chinese subjects shall not by reason of this clause be diminished or interfered with
in any way.
4. —Steam vessels navigating the inland waterways of China shall
tor loss caused to riparian proprietors by damage which they may do to the banks
2*
THE BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH CHINA
or works on them and for the loss which may be caused by such damage. In the
event of China desiring to prohibit the use of some particular shallow waterway by
launches, because there is reason to fear that the use of it by them would be likely
to injure the banks and cause damage to the adjoining country, the British
authorities, when appealed to, shall, if satisfied of the validity of the objection,
prohibit the use of that waterway by British launches, provided that Chinese
launches are also prohibited from using it.
Both Foreign and Chinese launches are prohibited from crossing dams and weirs
at present in existence on inland waterways where they are likely to cause injury to
such works, which would be detrimental to the water service of the local people.
5. —The main object of the British Government in desiring to
waterways of China opened to steam navigation being to afford facilities for the rapid
transport of both foreign and native merchandise, they undertake to offer no impedi-
ment to the transfer to a Chinese company and the Chinese flag of any British
steamer which may now or hereafter be employed on the inland waters of China
should the owner be willing to make the transfer.
In event of a Chinese company registered under Chinese law being formed to run
steamers on the inland waters of China the fact of British subjects holding shares in
such a company shall not entitle the steamers to fly the British flag.
6. —Registered steamers and their tows are forbidden, just as jun
been forbidden, to carry contraband goods. Infraction of this rule will entail the
penalties prescribed in the Treaties for such an oflence, and cancellation of the inland
Waters Navigation Certificate carried by the vessels, which will be prohibited from
thereafter plying on inland waters.
7. —As it is desirable that the people living inland should be dis
as possible by the advent of steam vessels to which they are not accustomed, inland
waters not hitherto frequented by steamers shall be opened as gradually as may be
• convenient to merchants and only as the owners of steamers may see prospects of
remunerative trade.
In cases where it is intended to run steam vessels on waterways on which such
vessels have not hitherto run, intimation shall be made to the Commissioner of
■Customs at the nearest open port who shall report the matter to the Ministers of
Commerce. The latter, in conjunction with the Governor-General or Governjr of
the Province, after careful consideration of all the circumstances of the case, shall at
once give their approval.
8. —A registered steamer may ply within the waters of a port,
port or ports to another open port or ports, or from one open port or ports of
places inland, and thence back to such port or ports. She may, on making due
report to the Customs, land or ship passengers or cargo at any recognised places of
trade passed in the course of the voyage; but may not ply between inland places
• exclusively except with the consent of the Chinese Government.
9- —Any cargo and passenger boats may be towed by steamers
and crew of any boat towed shall be Chinese. All boats, irrespective of ownership,
must be registered before they can proceed inland.
10- and September,
of July —These
1898. The latter,Rules are untouched
where supplementary
by tothethepresent
Inland Rules,
Steam Na
remain in full force and effect; but the present Rules hold in the case of such of the
former Regulations as the present Rules affect. The present Rules, and the
Regulations of July and September, 1898, to which they are supplementary, are
provisional and may be modified, as circumstances require, by mutual consent.
Done at Shanghai this fifth day of September, in the year of Our Lord, 1902,
corresponding with the Chinese date, the fourth day of the eighth moon of the
■twenty-eighth year of Kwang Hsu.
[l.s.] Jas. L. Mackay.
CUSTOMS TARIFF OF CHINA
IMPORT DUTIES
Arranged in 1902 between Special Commissioners representing Great Britain
and China, and subsequently accepted by the Treaty Poivers
Note.—If any of the articles emanerated in this Tariff are imported in dimensions
exceeding those specified, the Duty is to he calculated in proportion to the measurements
as defined.
Namk op Abticle. Tariff Unit and Duty. Name op Abticlk. Tariff Unit
Agar-agarSee Fungus. Per T
Picul Q 3 0 0 Basins, Tin (Common)... Per T.m.02
Agaric,
Amber Catty 0 3 2 5 Basins, Up
ter to Iron,
9 ins.
Decorated
Enamelled
in diame-
or Un-
:
Aniseed
fvalue Star, 1st Quality
Tls. 15 and over Picul 10 0 0 Over decorated Dozen 0 0 5 0
per
Aniseed,jiicul)
Star, 2nd Quality Agate,9 ins.Bluein diameter.
& White,
(value
per under Tls. 15
picul) 00 49 04 00 Over Grey or Mottled, Un-
decorated
Apricot Seed 9 ins. in(with
diameter, 0090
Arrowroot and Arrowroot Value 5 10 p. cent. Decorated Gold) 0 17 5
Flour
Asafcetida Picul 0 0 Over 9 ins. diameter,
decorated
Gold) (without
Asbestos
sition FibreBoiler Compo- 05 02 00 00 Beads, Coral Catty 07 071205 005
0
Asbestos 0 5 0 0 Beads,
Beads, Cornelian
Glass, of all kinds. Picul 5 p. cent.
Asbestos
Asbestos
ing
Millboardinclud-
Packing,
Sheets and Blocks. 3 5 0 0 Beeswax, Wines, etc. Value
Beer. SeeYellow Picul 16 0 0
Asbestos Packing, Metal- Belting Husk, Dried..'. Value Picul 500p.00cent.
lic Yarn
Asbestos 251502 005 000 Betel-nut
Betel-nut Husk, Fresh... 7187
Awabi
Bacon and Ham Value 5 12 p. cent. Betel-nut Leaves,
Betel-nuts, Fresh
Dried Dried.. 0 0 421855
Bags,
Bags, Grass
Gunny Thousand 45 p.2cent. 55 00 Betel-nuts,
Bezoar, Cow, Indian Value 500p.02cent.
Bags,
Bags, HempGunny Old
Hemp Value 4 2 5 0 Biche
Thousand Biche dede Mer,
Mer, White
Black Picul 0167 00 00
Bags, Old Value 5 12 p. cent. Bicycle Materials Value
Bags, Straw Thousand 5 0 Birds’ BicyclesNests, 1st Quality. CattyEach 5314p.0cent.
00
Baking Powder:—
46 oz.„ bottles or tins... Dozen 0 0 8 3 Birds’
Birds’ Nests,
Nests, 2nd
3rd Quality
Quality. 00 41505 000
„ „ ... 000 2110 Blue, Paris
142 35 Blue, Prussian Picul 15 00
128lib.„ „„ „„ ......... 00 38 0100 BooksBones, Tiger
Books, (Printed)
Chinese Charts, 215Free.
5 00 00
3
Bark,5 »„Mangrove
„„ „„ ...
Picul 001301257 003 Borax, Maps, Newspapers and
Periodicals
Bark, Plum-tree Crude Picul 0Free.
Bark,
Bark, Yellow (for dyeing) Value 5 p. cent. Borax, Kefined 1406 061000
Barley,Fellow
Pearl (Medicinal) Picul 00 83 00 00 Braid, Bricks,Llamas
Fire Value 55p.cent.
88 CUSTOMS TARIFF
Name op Article. p Unit and Unr. Name of Article.
Bronze
Butter, Powder
int'ackages ...
tins, jars, and 2 2 0 0 Canned
Bacon orMeats
ham. —Sliced
other
Buttons, Agate and Por- 2 0 0 0 ? lb. tins
celain Brass,
Buttons. and other 0 0 10 Dried Beef, Sliced... Dozen lb. jars11J
kinds
Byrrh, (not
See Jewellery)..
Wines, etc.... 0 0 2 0 Mincemeat:
Camphor Picul 0 6 5 0 Kits, £ barrels 1J lbs. pails Dozen
Camphor Baroos, Clean
Camphor Baroos, Refuse CaseValue Catty 2 0 4 5
Candles, 9 oz of 25") 5 p. cent. Porkbarrels andwith BeansTomato
Plain
Picul
orSauce:—
00 13
10 03 1 lb. tins Dozen 0 0 4 0
00 00 78 55
Otherproportion.)
weights, duty in PottedMeat:— and Devilled
Candles, of all kinds dif- Picul
ferently
Canes, Bamboo packed Thousand
Picul 0 4 0 0 ii lb.„ tins »
Canes,
Canes, Coir
Coir 1
5 ft.
„ long
long Thousand 00 32 00 00 Potted Poultry and andDevilled
Meat
Canned
bles, Fruits,
etc. (all Vegeta-
weights combined:—
and | lb. tins
matemeasures
):— approxi- Dozen Soups1 „and» Bouilli:—
iS’li Si I 2hcanslb. 0 0 6 5 2 lbs. tins
Grapes ...
Peaches “I Tamales Chicken
Pears )f Fruits.
Pie 5C 0 0 5 7 i lb. tins
Plums
Preserved Fruitscardboard
in glass] Tongues of every des-
bottles,
orcluding
wooden jars, boxes, in- 11 cription
lb.„ tins .-— 00 02 09 48
weight of im-
mediate package Picul
Dozen
n„
2„ „ 0 32 38 87
0
Asparagus 2*tinslb. 0 118 32J „„ „„ 000 554 441555
Corn .. 3J „ „ Canned Meats,
String Beans 00 000 655 404 All other
0 including Game of
Tomatoes | 0 05 25 45 every ordescription,
with without
Allserved
other inVegetables pre-j 0
orweightjars,oftins,immediate!
bottles,!
including! %1 lb.Vegetables:—
„ tins 00 00 65 32
package Sauce s 0
00 231271000
Tomato Catsup:— 614 „„ „„
$ pint bottles 0 8 10
Canvas not andexceeding
Cotton Duck,36
Jams
1 lb.andtins,Jellies
bottles, or jars inches wide Yard 0 0 10
Capoor
Cardamoms, Cutchery Superior, Value 5 p. cent.
Milk (including Con- dozen i ] Case of 4 - and Amomums ...... 10 00 0
densed) lb. tins _ Cardamoms, Inferior,
Paradise...or
Grains ofHusk..., 102 05 00
Cream, Evaporated:—
4 dozen pints (family Cardamoms, 0
0 2 3 0 Cassia Cards,
Cassia Buds Playing Value 50p.7cent.
Picul 50
2 dozen
size) quarts (hotel Lignea
0 2 6 0 Cassia Twigs ..., I 00 91 72 00
CUSTOMS TARIFF
Name or Article. | Tariip._Isit and Duty.
Cement ^ Caskpiculs.of 3 Coral
Coral, Beads
Broken and Refuse Picul 007 075 505 000
Cereals and Flour Cornelian
Cornelian Beads
JwcJttdmsf
Millet, Barley,Maize,
Oats, Paddy, CorundumStones, Sand Rough Hundred Picul 00 3190 05
Rice, Wheat, and Cotton Piece Goods
Flour; made
from also there-
Buck- Grey
Sheetings: Shirtings
not widee:<
wheat and Buck- ceeding
and not 40 ins.
wheat Flour,
flour
Corn and
Meal,
Corn-
Yellow
Rye yds. long:exceeding 40
Flour, a. Weight 7ft).and under 0050
Flour and Hovis b. Over
over 9791b. lblb. and not
0080
Butrowroot
not including Ar- c. Over
over 11 lb and not
root and Arrow- d. Over 11 lb
Wheat,Flour,
miny, Pearl
Cracked
Germea, Ho-
Barley, Imitation Native Cot-
tonCloth (handmade)
■OPotato
ats,
Sago
Flour,
Rolled
and
Quaker
Oats,
Sago
Grey or Bleached
a. Not exceeding 20 ins
:
Flour, Shredded wide
ing and not exceed-
Wheat,
Tapioca Tapioca and weight20 3 yds. poundslongand,
Yam FlourFlour, and b. under
Exceeding 20 ins. 002 7
‘Chairs, Vienna Bent-wood Dozen 0 8 0 0 wide . 5 p. cent.
Picul 5p.0 0cent. 3 0 White Shirtings, White
'Charcoal
CChestnuts
heese Value
Picul 0 18 0
Irishes,
ings, White White Sheet-
Brocades,
China-root,Whole, and WhiteShirtings:
Striped
or in CubesCoarseSliced,
Chinaware, and
Picul 0 6 5 0 ornot> potted
exceeding 37 ins.
Fine of Lime Value 5p.0 3cent. wide
ing 42andyds.notlong exceed- ...
•Chloride Picul
Pound 0 0 12 Drills, u 0
Chocolate, Sweetened
Cigarettes, J st Quality not Grey or 31White
exceeding ins.
(valueper exceeding
4.50 1,0001 Tls. wide and not exceed-
Cigarettes, 2nd Quality ing40yds.long :
(value not exceeding a. Weight 12| lb. and
under
Tls. 4.50 per 1,000) ...
Cigars 00 05 09 00 b. Weight over 12f lb.
Cinnabar Jeans, Grey or White
34 07 05 00 a. Not exceeding 31 in:
Cinnamon
Clams, Dried 0 5 5 0 wide andyds.notlong
exceed-
Clocks of all kinds 5 p. cent. b. ing
Not 30exceeding 31 ins.... 0900
Cloves Mother
Cloves, 0630 wide and not exceed-
Coal, 0 3 6 0 ing 40 yds. long ... 0 12 0
Coal, Asiatic
Coal, other kindsBriquetts
Asiatic, 000 652 500 000 T-Cloths, Grey or
Cochineal 5 p. cent. White:
a. Not exceeding 34 ins.
Cockles,
Cockles, Dried
Fresh 030 655 000 000 b. wideing andyds.notlongexceed-
24exceeding
Cocoa
Coffee 102 00 00 Not
wide 34
andbutexceedingins....
Coir
Coir Canes,
Canes, 1 ft. long ...
5 ft. long ... Thousand 0
00 35 00 00 c. Exceeding24 yds. not ex
Coke, Asiatic Ton ceeding 40 34yds.ins.long. but
Coke,
Compoyother kinds Picul 02 90 00 00 not
wide24exceeding
and 37 ins.
Coral Catty ing yds.notlong.
exceed-
40 CUSTOMS TARIFF
Name of Article. and Duty.
T. m. c. c.
Crimp d. Balzarines:
Printed Lenos and
PlainCloth and Crape, ceeding 31 ins.notwide ex-
a. wide
Not exceeding
and not 30 ins.
exceed- and not exceeding 30 Piece
yds. long
0 0 2 7 e. Printed Sheetings:
b. ing
Not 6exceeding
yds. long30...ins...
wide, exceeding 6 yds. not exceedingexceed- 36 ins.
but wide
ing 43andyds.notlong
yds. notlongexceeding 10 0 0 3 5 /. Printed Turkey
...
Reds,
c. Not
wide exceeding
but exceeding30 10 ofceeding
all kinds : not ex-
yds. long 0 0Q3i and 31 exceeding
ins. wide
White Muslins, White g. Printedyds.notlongSateens,
25Printed
Lawns,
Cambrics: and White Satinets,
ing
not 46 ins.notwide
exceeding
exceed-
12 and
yds.
Printed
Cotton Eeps,Printed
Lastings, in-
long cluding
Piece Goods all Cotton
which
Mosquito Netting’
White or Coloured 1 are both Dyed and
not Printed,
specified except (/)those
inincluding and
wide (h,) and
LenosWhite, and Balzarines, any special finish,
notDyed
ed : wide
ins.
or Print-31
exceeding such asSchreiner
Finish,Gassed Mercerised Fi-
ceeding 30andyds.notlong.ex- Piece nish,
silk Finish Finish,
orElectric
Leno Brocades andDyed
Bal- Finish,
32yds. ins. notwide exceeding
or 32
zarine
Prints: Brocades, Value 5 p. cent. Coloured longWoven 0250
a. Lawns
Printedor Cambrics, tons, i.e., dyed in Cot-
the
not exceeding Muslins
46 ins. Yam except Srimp
wide and not exceed- Cloth Value 5 p. cent.
Silk Finish, or Elec-
b. ing 12 yds. long
Printed
Printed Chintzes,
Crapes,Print-
tric
exceeding Finish: not
32 ins. wide
edFurnitures,
Drills, Printed
Printed and
yds. not
long exceeding 32 Piece 0 2 5 0
Shirtings, Printed h. Reversible
Duplex Prints Cretonnes or
T-Clothgoodsincluding
those known (not including those
asPainted
Blue andT-Cloths,
White goods
and known
White Printed as Blue
Printed Twills goods
; but (T-Cottons:
loths) Value 5 p. cent.
not including Dyed
a. i.e.,
Dyedwithout
Plain woven Cottons,or
1. (mentioned
Not exceedingin 20e, ins.h:)
embossed figures (in-
2. wide
Exceeding
not exceeding20 ins.
31 but
ins.
cluding
lians, Plain
Lastings, Ita-i
Reps,:
wide and Ribs, andPlain all
ing 30andyds.
e.1. Printed
notlong
Crimp
exceed-...
Cloth:
other
Cottons Dyed not other-!
Not exceeding 30 ins. wise
and enumerated,!
including any
wide6 andyds.not
longexceed-
2. ingNot exceeding 30 ins. 0027 asspecial finish,Finish,
Mercerised
Schreiner
such
Finish,
wide,excee ding 6yds.10 Gassed
but notlongexceeding Finish, orFinish, Silk
Electric
3. yds.Not
wide exceeding
but 30
exceeding
0035 Finish)
36exceedg. mot
ins. wide exceedg.
and not
10 yds. long ... 0 0 0 3| 33 yds. long Piece
CUSTOMS TARIFF 41
Name of Aeticle. ■ and Duty.
k. cluding
Dyed T-Cloths (in- T. m. c. c.
b. tons,
Dyedi.e.,Figured Cot-
with figures
woven Dyed Al-
or(including
embossed paeianos). Dyed Real
ItaliansFigured
ings, andFigured
Tast-
Reps, ' and
Reds Imitation
exceeding32of all Turkey
kinds; not
ins. wide
and
and Figured
all other Ribs,
Dyed and yds.notlong:exceeding
251. Weight
Figured Cotton not 31 lb. and Piece 00 0106 00
otherwise
ed, enumerat-
and including any 2. under
Weight over 3)lb
special
asSchreiner finish,
Mercerised Finish, such
Finish, Flannelettes and Cotton
Gassed Finish, Silk «.Spanish
Cotton
ton
Stripes:
Flannel,
Flannel, Can-
Swans-
Finish,
Finish): ornot Electric
exceed- downs, Flannelettes,
ing 36 ins. wide and and
Cloths Raised
ofDyed, Cotton
all kinds.
not
longexceeding 33 yds. Plain, and
Piece 0 15 0 Printed:
c. 1.Dyed 1. ins.Notwideexceeding not36
NotCrimp
ins. exceeding
wide and
Cloth:30
not exceeding and
15 yds.
, exceeding 6 yds. 0027 2. longNot wide,
exceeding 36 0065
2. long
Not exceeding
ins. 6wide, exceed-30 ins.
ing exceed-
15 yds. 30but not
ing yds. but not exceeding
longCotton Spanish yds. 0 13 0
exceeding 10 yds. 0 0 3 5 b. Dyed
3,. long
Not wide
exceeding
but ex-30
Stripes:
1. ins.
Notwide exceeding
ins.
ceeding lOyds.long 0 00 3J exceeding and not32
20 yds.
d. exceeding
Dyed Drills: not
31exceed-
ins. long 0085
wide 2. but Exceeding 32 ins.
ing 43.andyds.notlong Piece 0 17 0 not exceeding
64not ins. wide and20
e. zarines:
Dyed Lenos and
notwide Bal-
exceed- exceeding
yds. long.
ing 31 ins. and 0 17 0
not exceeding 30 yds. Cordage,Cloth: of all kinds Value op cent.
long 0 0 9 0 Crimp
/.g. DyedMuslins,
Dyed Leno Brocades. Value 5 p. cent. a. wideNot exceeding
and not 30 ins.
exceed-
Lawns, ing
b. Not 6 yds. long Piece 0 0 2 7
and Cambrics
exceeding 46 ins. not
wide wideexceeding
yds., and not
but
30 ins.6
exceeding
• yds.and not longexceeding 12 Piece 0 0 3 7 c. Not yds. longexceed-
ing 10exceeding 30 ins.10 0030
h. Sheetings:
Dyed Shirtings and
not wide
ex- widelong but exceeding
ceeding 36 exceeding
ins. yds. Yard 00 0 3J
and not Velvets
Velvet: and Cords,Velveteens,
and Fus-
43 yds.
i. Hongkong-dyed long tians
Shirtings: «. teens
Velvets and Velve-
ceeding 36 ins.not wide
ex-
1. Not : Plain:
and
yds.
j. Dyed
not
long exceeding
Cotton Cuts:
20
2. butins. wide ins.18
exceeding
Exceeding-18 0006
not exceeding36 ins. not exceeding
wide 51andyds.notlong
ingN. B.—The exceed- 3. 22but ins. wide
Exceeding 22 ins. 0007
(rule does n otproapply.)rata 26 ins.notwideexceeding 0008
42 CUSTOMS TARIFF
Name ok Abticle. .'abut Unit and Duty. AND DutY.-
b. teens,
VelvetsPrintedand orVelve- Dyes,Paints:—Colours, and T. TO. c. c.
bossed, not exceedingEm- Aniline Value
c. 30Dyedins. wide Blue, Prussian...
Paris Picul 515p.cent.
Dyed Velvet Cords,
Velveteen Blue,
Bronze Powder 2152 000 000
Cords,Dyed
roys, DyedFustians
Cordu- Carthamin Value 5 p. cent.
ofnotany description: Chrome,
Cinnabar Yellow Picul- 32 77 05 00
exceeding
wide Cotton, Plain, 30 ins. Gambodge
Blankets, 0 0 15 Green, Green, Emerald or
Schweinfurt, 10 0 0
Printed or Jacquard ...
Handkerchiefs,
a. ed,
Plain, Dyed, Cotton:
or Print-
0 0 3 0 Indigo, Dried, Artificial Value 5 10
Imitation
or Natural
00
p. cent.
not
Hemstitched, Embroidered,
or Ini- Indigo, Liquid, Artifi-
tialled : not exceeding cial Liquid, Natural Picul 20 02 2155
Indigo,
1 yd.
b. chiefs square
All other Handker- Dozen 0 0 2 0 Indigo, Paste, Artificial 2025
Singlets or Drawers, t _ ot- Value 5 p. cent. Lead, withRed,
Oil Dry orDrymixedorI 04 5 0
ton Cotton, including Dozen Lead White,
mixedYellow,
with OilDry or 0450
Socks,
Lisle Thread: Lead
1statQuality, mixed with Oil 0
0J 46G 050 O00
dozen 1 ori.e.over
Tls.pairs valued per Logwood
Ochre Extract
2ndatQuality, Pairs 0 0 7 5 Smalt 01650 000 000
dozen thani.e.Tls.valued
lesspairs 1 per Ultramarine
Vermilion 4
Towels, Dozen 0 4 3 2 Vermilion Imitation... 5 p. cent.
a. back.Cotton: Honeycomb
Plan or Printed orHucka- White Zinc
Paints, Unclassed
dimensions exclusive Elephants’
than Teeth (other
of1. fringe:
Not exceeding 38 WholeTusks)
Elephants PartsandWhole
orTusks,. Jaws, Pieul 3 0 0 0
ins. wide and
exceeding 40 ins. not or PartsCloth and Sand- Catty 0 17 0
Emery
2 long
Exceeding
wide and50ins. 19 ins.
notlong. ex-
paper
ceeding (sheets
144 notsquareex-
ceeding 0p.0cent. ins.)
3 0 Emery Powder Ream 50p.2cent.
Value 50
b. All
Cottons,Raw other
UnclassedTowels 5 Enamelled Ironware:—
Cotton, Cugs, Cups, 9 Basins,
Cotton,
BallUndyedThread Dyed or Picul
Thread,
and
under Bowls, ins. or
in diameter.
Decorated or Un- Dozen
On Spools,
On ,, 50yds
100 yds. 003 000 408 000 Basinsdecorated
andinBowls, over
On „Yam,200 yds 016( 9 ins.
Agate, diameter.
BlueCottledand
Cotton
Bleached Grey or White, Grey,
Cotton Yarn, Dyed..,..,... 05p.9cent. 50 —Undecorated
Cotton Basinsins. and Bowls, over
Cotton Yam,
Cotton Yam,
Yarn,
Gassed
Mercerised
Wooloa or
9coratedin (with
diameter,.De-
Gold)...9
Berlinette Picul 3 5 0 0 Basins
ins. and Bowls,over
diameter. Decor-
Cow Bezoar, Indian
Crabs, Fresh
Crocodile (including Ar-
> p. cent.
’ Picul 0 6 0 0 Enamelware, ated (without
U Gold)
nclassed... Value 500p.212
Thousand cent.
8
5
0
madillo) Scales 20 75 02 05 Fans,Fans, Palm-leaf, Coarse...
Fans, Palm-leaf, Fancy...
Fine ... 0104 05 00
Currants
Cutch
Cuttie-fish 0 3 0 0 Fans, Palm-leaf, Paper or Cotton of L400
all kinds ...‘
CUSTOMS TARIFF 43
Name of Article. Tariff Unit AND Duty. I Tariff Uni
Per T. m. c. c. Per T. m. ere.
Fans, SilkKingfisher, Part Value 5 p. cent. Glass,
Feathers, not Window, Common, a( Box
Stained, Obscured.
Coloured, 100feet.sq.of ))> 0 17 0
Skins (i.e„Wings, Tails) Hundred 0 2 5 0 Glue or otherwise •(. Picul 0 8 3 0
or Backs)
Feathers,
Whole Skins King-fisher, 05 p.6cent. 0 0 Gold
See Thread,
Thread, Imitation.
010150 00
Feathers, Peacock Value Ground
Gum Arabic nuts
Files. See Tools. Gum Benjamin 0600
Fireclay Picul 00 00 5100 Gum Benjamin, Value
Oil of ...... Picul 5 4p.0cent. 00
Firewood * Gum, Dragon’s Blood
Fish,
Fish, Cuttle
Dried or(including
Smoked,
0 6 6 7 Gum Gum Myrrh
Olibanum 000 441865 507
inStock-fish
bulk but Gum Resin
Gutta-percha. See India-
not in-...
cluding
Fish, Fresh Cuttle-fish) 004 321351570 Hair,
rubber Horse 14 00 00
Fish, Maws
Fish, Salt 00 316150 Hair,
Hams Horse, Tails Value jo2p.5cent.
Fish, Stock Handkerchiefs.
0 0 4 0 Hartallton Piece Goods, See Cot-
Flints or Orpiment Picul 50p.4cent, 50
Flour. See Cereals. Hemp
Flour,
Sago, Arrowroot,
Tapioca, Potato,... Value 5 p. cent. Hessians
Yam weights or Burlaps, all 1,000 Yds 2 8 5 0
Fungus, White
or Agaric Picul 0172 5150 Hide Poison
BuffaloorCast:
Specific... Picul 50p.8cent.
Value 00
Fungus,
Galangal Catty
Picul 00 3170 00 Hides,
Hollow-ware.
ed or Tinned
and Cow...
Coat- 00 5120 05
Gambier
Gambier
(YamrootFalse, or Cunao
Dye-stuff)... 02 7150 00 Hoofs, Animal
Hops Buffalo
Horns, and Cow... Value Picul 550p.p.3cent.
Value 50
Gamboge
Gasolene
tha or StoveNaph- (( 10 gallon
drum Horns,
0 15 0 Horns, Deer
Rhinoceros Catty 2 4cent.
00
Ginseng, Crude,exceeding
1st Qua- Hosiery.GoodsSee(Socks).
Cotton Piece
lity (value
Tls. 2 per catty)2nd Qua- Catty 0 2 2 0 India-rubber and Gutta-
Ginseng,
lity Crude,
(value not exceed- percha
than Articles
Boots (other Value 5 p. cent
and Gutta-
Shoes)
ing Tls. 2 per catty ... 0 0 7 2 India-rubber and
Ginseng, Clarified or percha, Crude
India-rubber Pair 030 u01482 000
Picul
Cleaned,
per catty)
1st Quality
(value-exceeding Tls. 11 110 0 India-rubber Boots
India-rubber, Shoes
Old (fit only
for remanufacture) Picul 0 2 5 0
Ginseng,
Cleaned, Clarified
2nd Quality or Indigo, Dried, Artificial...
(value
but exceeding Tls. 6 or Natural
Indigo, Liquid, Artificial- Picul 502p.02cent. 2155
11 pernotcatty)
exceeding Tls. 0 3 7 5 Indigo, Liquid,Artificial...
Natural...
Ginseng,
Cleaned, Clarified
3rd or
Quality Indigo,
Ink, Paste,
Printing Value 524p.00cent.
25
(value
but exceeding
notcatty) Tls.
exceeding Tls. 2 Isinglass
Isinglass, (Fish Glue)
Vegetable
Picul j 1 7 5 00 0
6 per
Ginseng, Clarified 0 2 2 0 Jams and Jellies, 1 lb,
or jars2 lb.... Dozen 0 0 6 0
Cleaned, Qualityor
4thexceeding tins, and
Jams
tins,
bottles,
Jellies, 118 0
(value not
Tls. 2 per catty) 0 0 8 0 Joss
KeroseneSticksOil Cansjarsand.../ 2 cans
bottles, or Piculin 0 6 4 0
Glass, Plate, Silvered... [ Empty or Inser-\ j 1 case 0 005
Glass, Plate,
Glass Powder Unsilvered.,.
(see Match- Value 50p.0cent. 2 5 Lace,
Cases,Open-work
tion-work of Cotton,!
Making
Glass, Materials)
Window^ Colour- jCI|| 100
BoxPieul
of "|>• 00 3110 Machine made:— 1
(a.)in.Notwide,
exceeding
ed. Stained, Ground, sq. 0000
or obscured (.1 feet. J 5 0 measurementoutside
44 CUSTOMS TARIFF
Tariff Unit and Duti f Unit and Dctt.
T. m. c. c. Marsala. See Wines, eto.
(b.)butExceeding 1 in. ( 12 dozen f de Liqueur.
' notwide,
'2 ins. ‘ exceeding
outside^(.1 yards ( 0 10 0 Matches, Rainbow orf\ 50boxes gross l) 15 0 0
measurement Brilliant
Matches, Wax Vestas: (
(c.)notExceeding 2 ins. but not
wide, exceeding
outside 3mea- ins. a boxexceeding 100 im(.j 16 0 0
surement 0 16 6 Matches, or other; Wood,
Large: Safety
boxes fy
(d.)wide,Exceeding
outside 3 mea- ins. not
surement 0 2 16 Matches, by 1£exceeding
ins.Wood, 21.in.ins.... 1(.
by f Safety (■ 100 gross )
Lace Open-work or Inser- orother; Small:boxes
tion-work
material of any
except fibrous
Silk or not
by exceeding
If ins. by 2| ins.
ins. 1\(. boxes >
GCotton
(a.)oldHand
or Thread:—
or Silver imitation
0 5 0 0 other,
Matches, boxes
Wood, Safety or
(b.) Machine made made
(includ- above sizes exceeding 5 p. cent.
ing Cotton) 25 p.4cent.0 0 Match-making
Lacquerware
Lamps Materials:—
soriesand their Acces- Glass Powder.. 04 110
Lampwick
Lard, Pure or Compound.
Phosphorus....
Splints
Wax, Paraffin . 00 051208 580
Lead, Red, White, Yellow, WoodCoirShaving: 1110
Dry orBelting
Leather mixed with... Oil. 507p.40cent.
5 0 Mats,
Mats, Formosa, Door.Grass Bed Dozen Each 010 00
Leather,
Leather, Calf
Coloured 7 0 0
0 0
0 Matches,
Matches, Rush
Straw Hundred 0 052 502 005
0
Leather, Cow (not in- 2 5 0 0 Matches, Tatami
Leather,
cluding Harness
Enamelled Matting,
ceeding Coir
36 notwide
ins. BollEachof \J 02 07 45 05
ex- (( lOOyards
Pigskin)Kid
Leather, 37 00 00 00 Matting, Straw: notes- ( Roll of ^
Leather, Sole ceeding 36 ins. wide ( 40 yards )
27 50 00 00 Meats,
Leather, Patent in bulk:—
Leather, all other kinds.. 5 p. cent. Beef, Corned, Pickled,
in barrels....
Lichees,
Lily Dried
Flowers, Dried 0
0 43 5
2 0
5 Dry Salted Meat, in
Lilywithout
Seed (i.e.. Lotus-nuts boxes
Dry and barrels
Sausages
Husks) 10 0 0
0 0 Ham
Lime,
Linen Chloride of 50p.3cent. Bacon;andin Breakfast
barrels boxes
Liqueurs. See Wines', etc.
Liquorice Lard,
pound Pure or Com- Value
Logwood Extract Melon Seeds .... Picul
Lotus-nuts
Seed with (i.e., Lily
Husks) Metals:—
Lucraban Seed 0 4 0 0
00 35 55 00 Anti-friction . 50p.7cent.
Lung-ngan Pulp Antimony ....Metal:— 00
Lung-ngans,
Macaroni and Dried
Vermicelli, 0 4 5 0 Brass Bars &and
Yellowhods 115 0
and similar Paste ^ 2 5 Bolts
0p.3cent. and Nuts and 115
Mace
Machines,
or Foot SeeSewing, Hand 5 Accessories
Foil
Nails
. 16
115 7 500
Madeira.
(Yins See Wines,
de Liqueur.) etc. Screws
Sheets, Value 5 p. cent.
Malaga.
(Vins de Wines, etc.
Liqueur.) Ingots Plates, and Picul 115
Tubes 115 00
Malt
Mangrove Bark ; Wire 115 0
Manure, Chemical
Margarine, 5 p. cent. Copper:—
. Bars andNuts,
Rods Rivets,
.
or kegs. in tins, jars, Bolts,
and Washers
CUSTOMS TARIFF
Name Article. Tariff Unit
Per Per
Ingots Picul Steel,
Steel, PlatesandandCastSheetsj Picul
Tool
Nails
Sheets and Plates .... Steel,
Rope Wire and Wire'j ,»»»
Slabs
Tacks Value 5 p. cent. Tin Steel,Compound
Mild. See Iron. 1 Value
Tubes ... Picul 013160 00 Tin Foil
Wire
Dross, Iron 00 35 00 00 Tin Tin Sheets
Slabs and Pipes ...j| Picul »»
Dross,
Dross, Iron
Tin and Tin ... Tin Tacks, Blue, of all
German Silver, Wire...|
Sheets 2 2 0
15 0 0 Tinned 0 sizes Plates, Decorated1 »> 00 43 05 00
German
& MildSilver,
IronAnchors, Steel, New: — j Tinned Plain | »» 02 22 90 00
Plates,Sheets
and Parts; White
White Metal,
Metal, Wire 15 0 0
thereof.
Mill Mill Iron,!
andand Ships 1
< Yellow
Zinc Metal.
Boiler See
Plates Brass. jI! >>»
Cranks, For-j Zinc Powder
gings for Vessels,]
Steam-engines, and; Sheets, . including!^ »
ZincPerforated
. Locomotives
ing each 25 lbs.weigh-j or! Case of
Angles •114 2650 (r i|12b’tles.
1 lb. tins, i
Anvils, and Parts of ...i] 14
(14 0 0 Mineral Waters .. ] lor 24 *- f 0 0 5 0
Bar
Bolts and Rough
Nuts p.114 cent.00 Mirrors (. | bottles ) 5 p. cent-
Castings,
Chains, and Parts of...I Picul ) 2 6 5 Morphia,
Moulding in all forms ...j 1,000 Value 3 0 0 0
Ounce 10 05 00
Cobbles
Shorts and Wire, .!| Mushrooms Piculfeet > 18
Hoops
Kentledge I
Musical
Musk Dried
u1 74 50 Mussels,
Boxes ! Value
j Catty 94p.00cent.00 0O'
Nail-rod i Needles, No. 7/0 100Picul
mille 18 00 00
Nails, W ire j 2 0 0 No. 3/0 not in 15
Nails, other kinds Value 0cent.
Picul 7 5 „ Assorted,
Pig
Pipes :
and Tubes j Value cent. Nutgalls eluding 7/0 00 98 87 50
Plate Cuttings Picul
Plates
Rails and Sheets Nutmegs
Oakum 001555 001000
Oil, Castor, Lubricating.
Screws 'I VPicul
a'lue Oil,
Oil, „ Medicinal .. 010 041500 O00
Sheets and
Tacks, Blue, Plates
of all sizes Oil, Clove
Cocoa-nut. Amern.
! Iron,WireGalvanized:— Oil, Colza l gallon ) 0 0 5 0
Bolts and Nuts Value Oil, Engine :
Cobbles and Wire Picul
ShortsCorrugated Whollyof mi-or af Ameri-
(a.): partly can >
Sheets,
Sheets, Plain ... (b.) neral
All origin...
other kinds(. gallon J
Tubes
Wire Shorts Value
Picul (except Castor.) Picul
Wire Oil, Ginger Case of 101
Iron, Old, and Scrap, of Oil, Kerosene .. Amern.
gallons J>-
any description fit
only for re-manu-
facture 00 02 98 05 Oil, „ in bulk j 210gallons Amern. \j
Cans
Lead,
Lead, in Pigs
inPipes
Sheets Oil,
00 33 37 05 Cases, Empty „ Cans and ( 1
i Imperial) Casein)) 0 0 0 5
Lead.
Nickel, Unmanufactured Oil, Olive | gallon ) 0 0 6 2
Quicksilver
Spelter 42 62 80 00 Oil, Sandalwood Catty
Picul 0 5 0 0
0240
Steel, Bamboo j 0 3 7 5 Oil, OlivesWood Fresh, Pickled, or
Steel Bars Salted I01
CUSTOMS TARIFF
Name of Article. Tariff Unit and Duty. Tariff Unit and Duty.
Per 30T.m.c,
Duty c.0 T. m, c. c.
Opium ,..Pieul Likin 0 0
800 00 60 20 Sake, Safflower 0105 02 05
Opium,
•Orange Husk
Peel . Catty
Picul 8 0 0 0 in barrels 0400
Oysters, Dried Value 5 p. cent. Sake, in bottles 0 110
Packing,
Asbestos.Asbt Saltpetre
SodaRed and Nitrate of 00 03 24 55
Packing,
Boiler, allEngine
other and
kinds.) Sand,
Sandalwood O0 4112 00
-Paints.
and See
Paints Dyes. Colours,] 1 Sapanwood
Seahorse Teeth 5 p. cent.
Paper,
ceedingCigarette:
2 ins. bynot ex- (100,000)
4 ins. Seaweed, Cut 00 15 0
Paper,
dered Printing,
and/or Sized Calen-j !
( selave j
0 7 0 0 [ j
Seaweed, Prepared
Seaweed,
Seed,
Long ....
(Lilyi.e., Lotus-nuts 10100 00
Paper, printing, Uncal-
enderedWriting
Paper, or Unsized
or Fool- 0 3 0 0 1 Seed, withoutLotus-nuts
Husks) (i,
0
10 0 0
scap all other kinds...
Paper, Value 5012 0 0 Seed,
p.8cent.
Lily
Seed,
Seeds
Lucraban
Melon
with Husks) 00 324 055 00G
Peel, Orange
Pepper, White
Pepper, Black Picul 0 0
0137 36 00 Seed, Seed, Pine
Sesamumor Fir-nuts 001622 000 008
Periumery 5 4p.12 Sharks’
cent. Sharks’ Fins, Black
Fins, Clarified or1 !
Phosphorus 64 06 00 00
Pitch
Plushes and Velvets:— 0 12 55 |j1 Sharks’ Prepared
Shellac Fins, white 2 57 00 00
a. ofPlushes
pure and
Silk Velvets Shells, Mother-of-pearl ...j 0
b. back)
Silk Seal (with Cotton 0 6 5 0 Shells, other kinds 5 p. cent.
0 2 0 0 Shoes Sherry.
(Vinsand deSeeLiqueur.)
Wines, etc.)
c. ofPlushes and Velvets Boots, India-]
othersilk(with
rials
mixed mate-
fibrous with
Cotton
rubber, for Shinese: —
Boots ' Pair .00 00 82 00
Shoes
d. back)
Plushes, all Cotton 0 15 0 Shrimps, Dried (see also
(including Mercer- Picul
e. ised)
Velvets, Cotton,' See 0 110 SilkPrawns) Piece Goods,
(including all Silk
Crape:—)
Cotton Piece Goods Catty
Pork RindDried (see "also
Prawns, 0 5 0 0 ab. Plain Brocaded
wise Figured or other-
Shrimps)
Preserved Fruits,cardboard
in glass 10 0 0 Silk Piece Goods Mix-
bottles, jars, tures
*other (i.e..or Silk
otton,materials) and
Silkinclu-
ordingwooden boxes,
weight of imme- inclu-
diate package ding
cluding CrapeMixtures
but notwithin-
Purses,
cluding Leather
Silver (notGold
or in- Real or Imitation Gold
mounted) or Silver
a.b. Plain Thread:—
Putchuck
Raisins and Currants Brocaded or other-
Rattan Chairs Silver wise FiguredImitation,
Thread,
Rattan Core
Rattan Skin See Thread.
Rattans,
Rattans, Split ]]
Whole
Sinews,
Sinews, Buffalo
Deeror andDrawers,Cow.., 0105 55 00
Resin Singlets
Cotton or Drawers, Dozen ] 0 1 2 5
Ribbons,
Cotton,with Silk,’ siikother
Silkorand ’and Singlets
fibres,
Imitation Gold
without Mixture
Skins, Fish Picul ]550p.p.6cent.
Value
Value
cent.
00
Silver Thread ... 0i p.5cent.
5 0 Snuff Skins,
Smalt Sharks Picul 16 00
Rope Value
CUSTOMS TARIFF 47
asd Duty. Tabiff Uhit AND Duty.
Soap, Household and T. m. C. c. Masts and Spars, Soft- Per r. to. c. Laundry ^ including woodand Piling, includ- Value 5 p. cent.
Piles
Blue Mottled),
bars and doublets in bulk, ing Oregon Red-wood:
Pine and 1,000 sup.
weighing
£lb. each not less than.. Picul 0 2 4 0 Californian of a thickness of 1 in. feet 115 0
Soap, Toilet Planks, Hard wood
Fancy,.. Value 5 p. cent. Planks, and Flooring. Cubic foot 0 0 2 0
and(including
Socks, Cotton Soft-wood,Pine including
1stLisle
atdozen
Thread)
Quality :—
1 or(i.e.,over
Tls.pairs) valued
per ( Dozen ) 0 0 7 5 fornian
Oregon Red-wood,and Cali- andof
^ pairs J allowing
each 10 per cent,
shipment to be
2ndatQuality
less (i
than e., valued
Tls. 1 Tongued and Grooved:
per dozen pairs) 0 0 3 2 of a thickness of 1 in.
Soda Ash Picul 0 15 0 Planks, Soft-wood,and Flooring,
Soda Bicarbonate
Soda Caustic 0 15 0 and
of Grooved,
above inTongned
lu per excess
cent. Cubic
Valuefoot 50p.0cent,
Soda
Soda Crystals
Crystals, Concen- 0 12 0 Planks, Teak-wood 81
trated 0 14 0 Railway Sleepers of all Value 5 p. cent.
Soy
Spirits. See Wines, etc.. 0 2 5 0 Teak-wood
lengths Lumber,
and descrip-
Spirits tions, ' Piculfoot 500p.03cent.
Cubic 85 01
Wines, ofetc Wine. See
Sticklac
Tinder
Tin-foil Value
0 7 0 0 Tobacco
Stout. See
Sugar, Wines,up etc.
Brown, Tobacco, Leaf
Prepared, ininbulk Picul 00 89 05 00
10 Dutch
Sugar Candy Standardto No. Picul 0 19 0 Tobacco, or Prepared,under
packages tins5
Sugar, White, 0 3 0 0 lbs. each Value 5 p. cent.
Dutch
over, StandardNo.Cube
including and11 Tools:—
Axes and Hatches Dozen 0500
and Refined
Sulphur and Brimstone, 0 2 4 0 Files, File
Raspskinds:— Blanks,fo
and Floats,
Crude and Brimstone, all
0 15 0 Not exceeding 4 ins
Sulphur
Refined Acid long 4 ins. and not 0040
Sulphuric 00 2185 07 Exceeding
Sunshades. SeeBinoculars,
Umbrellas exceeding9 9ins.ins.andlong...
Exceeding not 0072
Telescopes,
and Mirrors..... exceeding1414ins.ins.long...long 00 2162 84
Value 5 p. cent. Exceeding
Thread,
Balls, Cotton:—
Dyed or Undyed Picul 3 0 0 0 Tortoiseshell Catty 50p.4cent. 50
Spools, 50 yards Trimmings, Bead
Gross 0 0 4 0 Trimmings, of Cotton, Value
Thread,
Imitation, G-old and Silver, pure
onandSilkSilver, Value op. cent. other materials but or mixed with
Thread,
Real Gold not Silk of Cotton,
Thread,
on Gold
Cotton Imitation, Catty 0 12 5 Trimmings, mixed with GoldSilk andor
Thread, Silver, Imitation, Imitation
Silver Thread...
on Cotton
Tiles, 6 ins. square 0 0 9 0 Turmeric
Hundred 0 6 0 0 Turpentine Picul 00 0183 65
Timber:— Twine Gallon
Beams, Hard-wood in-... Cubic foot 0 0 2 0 Ultramarine
Beams, Soft-wood,
Umbrella Frames Picul 500p.50cent.
Value
Dozen 08 00
cluding
and Oregon
Californian Pine
Red- Umbrellas, Parasols,
Sunshades:— and
wness
ood,of of1 in a thick- 1.000feetsup. 115 0 With Handles
orMetals,
partly wholly
of Precious
Beams,
Laths Teak-wood ..... Cubic foot 0
Thousand 0 2 10 0 8 1 Ivory,
ther-of-pearl, Mo-
Torto-
Masts
woodand Spars, Hard- Value 5 p. cent. iseshell,
or JewelledAgate, etc., Value 5 p. cent.
CUSTOMS TARIFF
Name oe Abticle. i) d™
With ail other Hand- T. m. c. c. Per12'| T. to. c. c.
Caseof
les, allall other
Cotton, 0020
With les, Mixtures,Hand- not quarts Jj- 00 35 05 00
reputed
Silk : 0 0 3 0 Whisky,
Other in bottles
With les, allSilkother
andHand-
Silk Rum,Spirits
ties etc.), in(Gin,
hot- "l
...)[(
0200
Varnish,Mixtures Crude Lac- 0 0 8 0 Other Spirits (Gin, 0090
quer, Gum Lacquer, Rum,
Spirits etc.),
of Wine,in bulk
in')^1
or Oil
Vaseline Dried andLacquer ...... i p. cent. packages of any 0028
Vegetables, description )
Salted
hulk or Pickled, in
Vermicelli
Vermilion 04 30 25 50 Ales,
Perry,Beers, Cider,
in bottles..;
Vermouth.
etc. of allSeekinds... Wines,
Watches, Ales,
Perry,Beers,
in casksCider,... (M|1
Waters,
Mineral Aerated andijC. 11224 hots, ^-bots. or 1j 50p.0cent.50
Wax,
Wax, Japan Bees, Yellow...I Picul 0600
Wax,
Wax, Paraffin
Sealing Value ,,„ 00 65 05 00 ■ Ili:•
Wax, White ... 5 p. cent.
Porters
in casks and Stouts, (( jl 0025
Champagnes and all f Case iseof Of 12' | Liqueurs 5 op.0cent,
90 00
other inSparkling 1( 24bots. ots. or r Wood, Camagon
StillWines, Wines, bottles
Red or A-i-bots.J Wood.
Wood, Ebony
Fragrant !!1 j 0(Jp.21cent.
00
White,produce exclusively Wood,
Wood, Garoo
Kranjee 1
50p.12 cent.
the
natural of the|
fermenta-;1 Wood, Laka.: j 5
Wood, Lignum-vitse 5 0p.0cent.
a. tion
Having of grapes:less
14 degrees of alcohol: than 1 Wood,
Wood, Purn
Red ...| 0 2 7 50
0
1. In bottles ]C | Case bots.ofor V 13 0 0 Wood,
Wood, Rose
Sandal 00 24112
0 00 00
(. 24^-bots.J Wood, Sapan 5 10 p. cent.
,0. 2.„Having
In. bulk \i ! Imgallon PeriallJt 10 2 5 Wood, Scented Hinoki.
Wood, Shavings, 00
oral-'omore 14
of degrees!
alcohol;
otherVins thandePort.Liqueur!j
1. In bottles i bots. ise ofor12'||- » 5 0 0 Flannel Cotton (Woollen and
: not exceed-
(C 24ots. ■ i-4-bots. J ing
Italian 33Cloth,
inches wide,
Plain
2. In bulk (. imperial
i Case
gallon 115 0 Figured,
ealltirely having
Cottonwarpand
f
Port Wine, in bottle ■’ ! bots. or C ) 7 0 0 of 12) one colour, and
(. j24 weft entirely Wool
ilm2-bots.) rial and all one Colour
Port Wine, in bulk \( ; gallon "f 1) 117 5 not
wide exceeding
andyards 32
not long ins
exceed-
ae ing 32 Piece 0 3 7 2
Vermouth
„ in barrels
Sake,
and Byn-h ( ! '
I 12 Picul
^ l ) 2
litres j ) 4 0 0 Poncho5 0
ceeding Cloth:
76 ex-... Yard 0 0 3 0
notwide.
ins.
^Sake,
, in bottles ]( Case bots.ofor12' Spanish andStripes (Wool-
Brandies and Whis- 24 i-bots. _] 1110 Union
(.1 jlmperial len
exceeding Cotton.)
Cloth:
not
64ins.wide.
not ex-
0 0 14
kies, in bulk ...... ^ gallon 3 1 .2 5 ceeding 76 ins. wide. 0030
CUSTOMS TARIFF 49
f Unix and Duty. jS'ame of Article. Tariff Unix
Per T. m. c. c.
Woollen Long Ells : notwide
exceed-
Mixtures,andUnclassed,
Cotton ing
not 31 ins. and
including
Lustres, Alpacas,
Orleans, Si- longexceeding
5 p. cent. Medium Cloth:
25 yds. Piece ■ '0 2 5 0
notwide.
ex- Yard 0047*
cilians, etc ceeding 76 ins.
Woollen Manufactures Russian
ceeding Cloth:
76 notwide.
ins. ex- 0 0 4 7}
Blankets and Rugs .. 0 0 2 0 Spanish Stripes : not
Broadcloth:
ing 76 ins.notwideexceed 0 0 4 7j exceeding 64 ins.
wide Unclassed... Value 50p.0cent.
Woollens, 21
Bunting:
ins. not
wideexceeding
24exceeding40yds.long.!
and not 2 0 0 0 Woollen
Yarns and
andWorsted
Cords
■ Camlets, Dutch:ins.notwide]
ex-| (not including Berlin
Wool)
eeeding
and not 33 exceeding] Berlin Wool I 45 30 00 00
61 yards lofig ... Wooloa
Worm or Berlinette
Tablets, in60bottles,; „ 3500
Camlets,
exceeding English: not
31 ins. wide] not exceeding pieces]! Dozen 02 02 55 05
and not exceeding 61 Yarn, Asbestos Picul 5 p. cent.
yards long 0 5 0 0 Yarn,
Yarn, Coir
Cotton, Bleached]]| Value
; Flannel: not exceeding
33 ins. wide 0 0 15 Yarn, Cotton, Dyed ] Value 50p.9cent,
or Grey Picul 50
Habit Cloth: Yarn, Cotton, Grey Picul 5 9 5 0
ceeding 76 ins.notwide.
ex- Yarn, Cotton,
or Gassed Mercerised!
Eastings,
ed or Plain,
Creped:Figur- not Yarn, Cotton, Wooloa or]i! Value
Berlinette Picul
5 p. cent.
exceeding 31exceeding
ins. wide Yarn, Wool, Berlin | „ 43 0q0 500
32andyards
not long .... Piece 0 4 5 0 Jj Yarn,ed W(not
oollen and Worst. j|
including
Llama Braid Picul 5 0 0 0 ^ Berlin Wool) „ 5300
RULES
Rule I.—Imports unenumerated in this Tariff will pay duty at the rate of
5 per cent, ad valorem; and the value upon which Duty is to he calculated shall he
the market value of the goods in local currency. This market value when converted
into Haikwan Taels shall he considered to be 12 per cent, higher than the amount
upon which duty is to be calculated.
If the goods have been sold before presentation to the Customs of the
Application to pay Duty, the gross amount of the bond fide contract will he
accepted as evidence of the market value. Should the goods have been sold on
e., f. and i. terms, that is to say, without inclusion in the price of duty and other
charges, such c., f. and i. price shall be taken as the value for duty-paying purposes
without the deduction mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
If the goods have not been sold before presentation to the Customs of the
application to pay duty, and should a dispute arise between Customs and importer
regarding the value or classification of goods, the case will be referred to a Board of
Arbitration composed as follows:—
An official of the Customs ;
A merchant selected by the Consul of the importer ; and
A merchant, differing in nationality from the importer, selected by the
Senior Consul.
50 CUSTOMS TARIFF
Questions regarding procedure, etc., which may arise during the sittings of the-
Board shall be decided by the majority. The final finding of the majority of the
Board, which must be announced within fifteen days of the reference (not including
holidays), will be binding upon both parties. Each of the two merchants on the
Board will be entitled to a fee of ten Haikwan Taels. Should the Board sustain
the Customs valuation, or, in the event of not sustaining that valuation, should it
decide that the goods have been undervalued by the importer to the extent of not less
than 1\ per cent., the importer will pay the fees ; if otherwise, the fees will be paid
by the Customs. Should the Board decide that the correct value of the goods is
20 per cent, (or more) higher than that upon which the importer originally claimed
to pay duty, the Customs authorities may retain possession of the goods until full
duty has been paid and may levy an additional duty equal to four times the duty
sought to be evaded.
In all cases invoices, when available, must be produced if required by the Customs.
Rule II.—The following will not be liable to Import Duty: Foreign Rice,
Cereals, and Flour; Gold and Silver, both Bullion and Coin; Printed Books,
Charts, Maps, Periodicals and Newspapers.
A freight or part freight of Duty-free commodities (Gold and Silver Bullion
and Foreign Coins excepted) will render the vessel carrying them, though no other
cargo be on board, liable to Tonnage Dues.
Drawbacks will be issued for Ship’s Stores and Bunker Coal when taken on
board.
Rule III.—Except at the requisition of the Chinese Government, or for sale
to Chinese duly authorised to purchase them, Import trade is prohibited in all
Arms, Ammunition, and Munitions of War of every description. No Permit to
land them will be issued until the Customs have proof that the necessary authority
has been given to the Importer. Infraction of this rule will be punishable by
confiscation of all the goods concerned. The import of Salt is absolutely prohibited.
CUSTOMS NOTIFICATION
Notification issued by the Imperial Maritime Customs at Canton on the 14th
November, 1901.
Notice is hereby given that:—
1-—On
the list and afterGoods
of Duty-free the 11th
ceaseinst.,
to beiheoperative,
Tariff of Import Duties
and, until hitherto
further existing
notice, and
whatever
is imported with certain exceptions is to pav an effective 5 per cent, ad valorem
duty.
2.—The exceptions are as follows
(a.) Foreign Rice, Cereals and Flour, as well as Gold and Silver, coined and-
uncoined, are exempt from duty.
(&.) The Import Duty on Opium remains unchanged at thirty taels, that
and lelcin at the rate of eighty taels, or one hundred and ten taels in
all, per picul, being payable simultaneously, as at present.
(c.) Foreign Goods on the way to China or which shall have been despatched
to China within six days after the signature of the Protocol—that is,
on or before the 13th September—are to pay Import Duty according
to the old Tariff, a fixed duty if enumerated, and an ad valorem 5 per
cent, duty if unenumerated, and are to be exempt from duty if on the-
Duty-free list. Goods despatched after the 13th September are to pay
an effective 5 per cent, according to the new rule.
CUSTOMS TARIFF 51
(d.) Merchandise taken out of bond is to pay duty according to its liability
on the day of bonding—that is, if already in bond, or if bonded on any
future day, but forming part of a cargo now on the way to China, or
despatched to China ou or before the 13th September, it is to be treated
according to the old Tariff and Tariff Rules. All other bonded imports
are to pay an effective 5 per cent.
(e.) Whatever is imported for the use of Legations at Peking is exempt
from Import Duty—applications for Exemption Permits, etc., to be
countersigned and sealed by the Consulate of the Legation concerned,
(f.) Whatever is shipped or discharged for the use of Foreign forces,
military or naval, is exempt from Import Duty—applications for
Exemption Permits, etc., to be countersigned and sealed by the
Consulate of the flag concernd.
3. —The values on which the new Tariff is to fix duties will
values for the three years 1897, 1898, 1899. Where the valuation ....
is questioned, the market value of the day minus duty and charges, or where that
cannot be ascertained, invoice value plus 10 per cent, will rule instead; but as this
•will involve detention of goods concerned at owner’s risk and expense till such
market, or, failing market, invoice value can be ascertained and settled, it is hoped
the valuation .... will be acquiesced in.
4. —Goods exported pay duty according to the Tariff hitherto exi
5. —Coast Trade Duty, which is not an Import Duty, but a Coast
.produce inwards, remains as before, and is not affected by the effective 5 per cent,
-rules.
CUSTOMS TARIFF
TARIFF ON EXPORTS
(As annexed to the Tientsin Treaty of 1858)
Tariff Unit and Doty.
Alum T.0 m.0 c.4 c.5
„ Green or C 00 5100 00 Galangal 0 103 O’5
Aniseed, Star ..
„ Broken 05 02 05 00
Garlic Native
Ginseng,
„ pan,Corean or Ja- } 50p.0cent.
Oil.. 1st quality) Catty
Apricot
Arsenic Seeds, or Almonds 00 44 55 00 „ ,, 2nd quality... 00 35 05 00
Artificial Flowers ... Glass orBeads
Bamboo
Bangles,andWare
orPeas
Glass Armlets 001575 005 000 Glass
Glasscloth, Vitrified
Fine Wire... 02 55 00 00
Beans 00 00 63 05 „
Ground-nuts Coarse
Bean
Bone Cake
and Horn Ware „ Ground, Cake
Brass
„ Buttons
Foil 315150 000 000 Gypsum,
Plaster of Paris or)) 0030
10 00 Hair, Camels 10 0 0
„ Wire
Camphor 00115 75 05 000
Hair,
Hams Goats
Hartall, orOrpinient 000 531855 000
Canes
Cantharides
Capoor Cutchery 023 035 000 000
Hemp
Honey Pair 000 399 005 000
CarpetsLignea
and Druggets Horns,
„ Ink„ Young
Deers’, Old .. Picul
Cassia
„ Buds 00 68 00 00 India 413 50
10 001500 000'
o9 0i 0; 0 Indigo,Ware
Ivory Dry Catty
Castor Oil..
Oil Joss-sticks Picul 0200
Chestnuts 00 2100 00 Kittysols, or... Paper) Hundred 0500
China RootsFine U mbrellas
Chinaware,
„ Coarse 000 491305 000 Lacquered
Lamp wicksWare
Picul 1000
000 633 055 000
Cinnarbar 0750 Lead, Red,
„„ Yellow, (Miniumj
White, (Ceruse) ...
...
Clothing, Cotton
„ Silk ; 1001500 400 000 Leather (Massicot).
Articles, 0350
Coal
Coir Pouches, Purses )) as 15 0 0
Copper
• ,,„ andOre
Sheathing, Old ... 00115
0 5100 00
500 Lichees „ Green 001822 700 000
Pewter Ware Lily„ Flowers,
Seeds or Dried
Corals,
Cotton, False
Raw 00 33 55 000 Liquorice Lotus Nuts 000 521305 00-5
Lung-ngan
Cow„ Bezoar
Rags
Catty 0045 „ without Cakes, Stone.
0350
Crackers,
Cubebs. Fireworks Picul 00 35 60 00 Manure
Poudrette or/1 0090
Curiosities,
Dates, BlackAntiques 5 15 00
p. cent. Marble Slabs
Mats of all kinds Hundred
00 015o Matting j 40rollyards)
of )
Dye, Green
Eggs, Preserved ' Thousand Catty 0 8 90 00 Melon Seeds Picul 00 10
10 00
Fans, Feather Hundred 00 37 55 00 Mother-o’-Pearl Ware .. Catty
,,,, PalmLeaf,
Paper trimmed 00 03 46 05 Mushrooms
Musk and Native 1 Catty Picul 0159 00 00
„ Palm Leaf, un-) Nankeen
Cotton Cloths . .• I Picul
Felt„ Capstrimmed
Cuttings > Nutgalls 0500
Picul 0 10 0 Oil,Cotton
as Bean, Tea, Wood,
Fungus, or Agaric...!”"! Hundred
Picul 0126 05 00 Oiled Paper & Hemp Seed j< 0300
0450
CUSTOMS TAEIFF 53
Name of Article. I Tariff Usr Name of Article. Tariff Unit and Dpty,
“I Per 0 3 0 0 Silk, Eibbons and Thread | Picul ter
Olive Seed Sea-shells... | Picul
Oyster-shells, „ 00 04 95 00 „ Piece Goods,—' l ! 10 0 0 0
Paint, Green Pongees,
Scarves, Shawls, !
('rape, !i ” !l2 0 0 0
Palampore, or Cotton){ \ Hundred 2 7 5 0 Satin,
Bed 1st
Paper, Quilts
quality I Picul 00 74 00 00 Velvet andGauzes,
broidered Em- |
Goods
„ 2nd „ „ 20 03 00 00 „ PieceGoods,—Sze-
Pearls,
Peel, False j ,, chuen. Shantung)) ! ” 4 5 0 0
„„ Orange
Pumelo, 1st quality
„ Leaf2nd „ | ,, 00 15
„„ 0 4 5 0 „ Tassels
00 Silk„ and
CapsCotton Mixtures'| Hundred S 1005 009 000 000
Peppermint
„ Oil 30 5100 0 Silver and Gold Ware ...I Picul
„ 100 08 00 00
Pictures andon Paintings... Each 1 0.0 Snuff Soy
Pictures
Eice Paper Pith or \ | Hundred 0 10 0
)...I Picul 0 0 5 0 Straw Sugai - Braid
, White
Brown „„ | 00 47 00 00
Pottery, Earthenware „ | !0120
Preserves,
Sweetmeats Comfits, and (
) 0 5 0 0 „ Candy
Tallow, Animal |: „„,, 00 22 05 00
Eattans, Split „ (seeVegetable 10 23 00 0-0
Eattan
Ehubarb Ware Teaend of at the... )j !jI „ 10
NoteTariff)
the 12 5 0 0
EiceMillet,
or Paddy, Wheat,
and other >' Tin Foil Prepared ■j 0124 55 00
Grains Each Tobacco,
Tobacco, Leaf
Eugs of Hair or Skin | Picul Tortoiseshell Ware Catty 100 2150 00
Samshoo
Sandalwood Ware Catty Trunks, Leather Picul 15 0 00
Picul Turmeric
Twine, Hemp, Canton ,.
... ,,, I 00 10
Sessamun
Shoes and Seed
Boots, Lea-1 „
Turnips, „
Salted Soochow... , i; 0
0 511 058 O00
ther or Satin 5 Varnish,
Shoes,
Silks, Strawand Thrown...
Eaw quer or Crude Lac-)) ”„ I 0 5 0 0
Vermicelli
„ Yellow, from Sze-J. 7 0 0 0 Vermillion 0 18 0
„ chuen
Eeeled from Dupions 5 05 00 00 Wax,
2 Wood—Piles, Insect& ...) ! .Each
White orPoles, . „ , | 21 55 00 00
Silk,„ Wild
EefuseEaw 10 0 0 rJoistsWare j Picul T 10 0 3 0
„,, Cocoons
Floss, Canton... 4103 003 000 000 WWood
ool | 01 31 55 O'0
„ from other Provinces
practiceTEA.—Coarse
of the Shanghai unfired Japanese
Customs Tea duty
to charge imported for localon Tea
ad valorem consumption. —SSnce February, 1861, it has been the
of this description.
Tea imported from Japan for the purpose of being refired and
April, 1861, Japanese Tea imported for re-exportation has been dealt with at Shanghaire-exported to a 'Foreign
accordingcountry.—Since
to the followingtherule1st of
will “ Tea imported
be allowed a reductioninto this port from
on the actual Japan for the
weight importedpurpose of being refired and re-exported
Importtoduty,
a Foreign countryre-
exported
provided a Drawback
that Certificate
Articlefordeclared.”
the entire
of the amount of dutyof Twenty
paid perbe granted
GreatwillBritain
cent, onontheapplication and
usualwhen
in thewith, manner,
the weights, &e.the, &e.terms
, be ofcorrectly XLY. Treaty between and China be complied and that
Brick Tea.—In
6 Mace per picul. the Tariff appended to the Russian Regulations of 1862, the Export duty on Brick is fixed at
RULES
( Annexed to the Tariff of 1858)
Rule I.—Unenumerated Goods.—Articles not enumerated in the list of exports,
but enumerated in the list of imports, when exported, will pay the amount of duty
-set against them in the list of imports; and, similarly, articles not enumerated in
the list of imports, but enumerated in the list of exports, when imported, will pay
the amount of duty set against them in the list of exports.
Articles not enumerated in either list, nor in the list of duty-free goods, will pay
an ad valorem duty of 5 per cent., calculated on their market value.
Rule II.—Duty-free Goods.—Gold and silver bullion, foreign coins, flour, Indian
meal, sago, biscuits, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confectionery,
foreign clothing, jewellery, plated-ware, perfumery, soap of all kinds, charcoal,
firewood, candles (foreign), tobacco (foreign), cigars (foreign), wine, beer, spirits,
household stores, ship’s stores, personal baggage, stationery, carpeting, druggeting,
cutlery, foreign medicines, glass, and crystal ware.
The above pay no import or export duty, but, if transported into the interior
will, with the exception of personal baggage, gold and silver bullion, and foreign coins,
pay a transit duty at the rate of 2| per cent, ad valorem.
A freight, or part freight, of duty-free commodities (personal baggage, gold
and silver bullion, and foreign coins, excepted) will render the vessel carrying them,
though no other cargo be on board, liable to tonnage dues.
Rule III.—Contraband Goods.—Import and export trade is alike prohibited in
the following articles: Gunpowder, shot, cannon, fowling-pieces, rifles, muskets,
pistols, and all other munitions and implements of war; and salt.
Rule IV.— Weights and Measures.—In the calculation of the Tariff, the weight
of a picul of one hundred catties is held to be equal to one hundred and thirty-three
and one-third pounds avoirdupois; and the length of a chang of ten Chinese feet to
be equal to one hundred and forty-one English inches.
One Chinese chih is held to be equal to fourteen and one-tenth inches English;
and four yards English, less three inches, to equal one chang.
RuleV.—Regarding Certain Commodities Heretofore Contraband.—The restric-
tions affecting trade in opium, cash, grain, pulse, sulphur, brimstone, saltpetre, and
spelter are relaxed, under the following conditions :—
!•—*Opium
will sell it only atwill
the henceforth
port. It willpaybethirty Taels
carried intoperthepicul importbyduty.
interior Theonly,
Chinese importer
and
only as Chinese property; the foreign trader will not be allowed to accompany it.
The provisions of Article IX. of the Treaty of Tientsin, by which British subjects
are authorized to proceed into the interior with passports to trade, will not
extend to it, nor will those of Article XXVII. of the same treaty, by which the
transit dues are regulated. The transit dues on it will be arranged as the Chinese
Government see fit: nor in future revisions of the Tariff is the same rule of revision
to be applied to opium as to other goods.
2.—Copper Cash.—The export of cash to any foreign port is prohibited; but it
shall be lawful
another, for Britishwith
on compliance subjects to ship it atRegulation:—The
the following one of the open shipper ports ofshall
Chinagiveto
^iee of the amount of cash he desires to ship, and the port of its destination, and
shall bind himself either by a bond, with two sufficient sureties, or by depositing
* For duty Opium see Convention signed in 1885, also the Treaty of 1902.
CUSTOMS TARIFF
such other security as may be deemed by the Customs satisfactory, to return, within
six months from the date of clearance, to the collector at the port of shipm mt, the
certificate issued by him, with an acknowledgment thereon of the receipt of the cash
at the port of destination by the collector at that port, who shall thereto affix his
seal; or failing the pi-oduction of the certificate, to forfeit a sum equal in value to
the cash shipped. Cash will pay no duty inwards or outwards ; but a freight or part
freight of cash, though no other cargo be on board, will render the vessel carrying it
liable to pay tonnage dues.
3. —The export of rice and all other grain whatsoever, native or foreign, n
where grown or whence imported, to any foreign port, is prohibited; but these
commodities may be carried by British merchants from one of the open ports of
China to another, under the same conditions in respect of security as cash, on pay-
ment at the port of shipment of the duty specified in the Tariff.
No import duty will be leviable on rice or grain; but a freight or part freight of
rice or grain, though no other cargo be on board, will render the vessel importing it
liable to tonnage dues.
4. —* The export of pulse and beancake from Tung-chau and Newchwa
the British flag, is prohibited. From any other of the ports they may be shipped, on
payment of the tariff duty, either to other ports of China, or to foreign countries.
5. —Saltpetre, sulphur, brimstone, and spelter, being munitions of war,
be imported by British subjects, save at the requisition of the Chinese Government,
or for sale to Chinese duly authorized to purchase them. No permit to land them
will be issued until the Customs have proof that the necessary authority has been
given to the purchase. It shall not be lawful for British subjects to carry these
commodities up the Yang-tsze-kiang, or into any port other than those open on the
seaboard, nor to accompany them into the interior on behalf of Chinese. They must
be sold at the ports only, and, except at the ports they will be regarded as Chinese
property.
Infractions of the conditions, as above set forth, under which trade in opium,
cash, grain, pulse, saltpetre, brimstone, sulphur, and spelter may be henceforward
carried on, will be punishable by confiscation of all the goods concerned.
Rule VI.—Liability of Vessels Entering Port. For the prevention of misunder-
standing, it is agreed that the term of twenty-four hours, within which British vessels
must be reported to the Consul under Article XXXVII. of the Treaty of Tientsin,
shall be understood to commence from the time a British vessel comes within the limits
of the port; as also the term of forty-eight hours allowed her by Article XXX. of the
same Treaty to remain in port without payment of tonnage dues.
The limits of the ports shall be defined by the Customs, with all consideration
for the convenience of trade compatible with due protection of the revenue; also the
limits of the anchorages within which lading and discharging is permitted by the
Customs; and the same shall be notified to the Consul for public information.
Rule VII.—Transit Dues.—It is agreed that Article XXXVIII. of the Treaty of
Tientsin shall be interpreted to declare the amounts of transit dues legally leviable
upon merchandise imported or exported by British subjects to be one-half of the tariff
duties, except in the case of the duty-free goods liable ito a transit duty of 2^ per cent.
ad valorem, as provided in Article II. of these Rules. Merchandise shall be cleared
of its transit dues under the following conditions:—
In the Case of Imports.—Notice being given at the port of entry, from which the
Imports are to be forwarded inland, of the nature and quantity of the goods, the ship
* NOTIFICATION.
ArticleandIV.bean-cake
Pulse of Rule No.may5 appended to theexported
be henceforth isBritish
Tariff offrom1858Tungchow ConsuIiAtk, Shanghai, 24tti March, 18G2.
rescinded.
andNative
Newchwang, and fromRegulation
all other ports in China
open by Treaty,
the 5th December on the same
last; port terms and
that isontopaymentconditions
say, theyofmay as are
be shipped applied to other produce
dutyofatbythethethehalf-duty bearing
anddate
charged at any Chinese half-duty, with onpower
payment
to claimof Tariff
drawback port of shipment, dis-
if re-exported.
By order, Waltbr H. Medhubst, Consul.
56 CUSTOMS TARIFF
from which they have been landed, and the place inland to which they are bound,
with all other necessary particulars, the Collector of Customs will, on due inspection
made, and on receipt of the transit duty due, issue a transit duty certificate. This
must be produced at every barrier station, and vised. No further duty will be leviable
upon imports so certificated, no matter how distant the place of their destination.
In the Case of Exports.—Produce purchased by a British subject in the interior
will be inspected, and taken account of, at the first barrier it passes on its way to the
port of shipment. A memorandum showing the amount of the produce and the port
at which it is to be shipped, will be deposited there by the person in charge of the
produce; he will then receive a certificate, which must be exhibited and vised at every
barrier, on his way to the port of shipment. On the arrival of the produce at the
barrier nearest the port notice must be given at the Customs at the port, and the
transit dues due thereon being paid it will be passed. On exportation the produce
will pay the tariff duty*.
Any attempt to pass goods inwards or outward otherwise than in compliance
with the rule here laid down will render them liable to confiscation.
Unauthorised sale, in transitu, of goods that have been entered as above for a
port, will render them liable to confiscation. Any attempt to pass goods in excess
of the quantity specified in the certificate will render all the goods of the same
denomination, named in the certificate, liable to confiscation. Permission to export
produce, which cannot be proved to have paid its transit dues, will be refused by the
Customs until the transit dues shall have been paid. The above being the arrange-
ment agreed to regarding the transit dues, which will thus be levied once and for all,
the notification required under Article XXVIII. of the Treaty of Tientsin, for the
information of British and Chinese subjects, is hereby dispensed with.
Rule VIII.—Peking Not Open to Trade.—It is agreed that Article IX. of the
Treaty of Tientsin shall not be interpreted as authorising British subjects to enter
the capital city of Peking for purposes of trade.
Rule IX.—Abolition of the Meltage Fee.—It is agreed that the percentage of one
Tael two Mace, hitherto charged in excess of duty payments to defray the expenses of
melting by the Chinese Government, shall be no longer levied on British subjects.
Rule X.—Collection of Duties Under One System at all Ports.—It being by Treaty
at the option of the Chinese Government to adopt what means appear to it best suited
to protect its revenue accruing on British trade, it is agreed that one uniform system
shall be enforced at every port.
The high officer appointed by the Chinese Government to superintend foreign
trade will, accordingly from time to time, either himself visit or will send a deputy
to visit the different ports. The said high officer will be at liberty, of his own choice,
and independently of the suggestion or nomination of any British authority, to select
any British subject he may see fit to aid him in the administration of the Customs
Revenue, in the prevention of smuggling, in the definition of port boundaries, or in
discharging the duties of harbour master; also in the distribution of lights, buoys,
beacons, and the like, the maintenance of which shall be provided for out of the
•tonnage dues.
The Chinese Government will adopt what measures it shall find requisite to
prevent smuggling upon the Yang-tsze-kiang, when that river shall be opened to
-trade.
Done at Shanghai, in the province of Kiang-su, this eighth day of November, in
i he yearmoon
tenth of our Lordeighth
of the eighteen
year hundred and offifty-eight,
of the reign Hien Fung.being the third day of the
[l.s.] Elgin and Kincardine.
Seal op Chinese Plenipotentiaries. Signatures op Five Chinese Plenipotentiaries.
See Chefoo Convention, Section III., Article 4.
EMIGRATION CONVENTION
Between the United Kingdom and China eespecting the Employment op
Chinese Labour in British Colonies and Protectorates
(Signed in London, 13f/i May, 1904)
■Whereas a Convention between Her Majesty Queen Victoria ,and His Majesty
the Emperor of China was signed at Peking on the 24th .October, 1860, by Article V.
of which His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China consented to allow Chinese
subjects, wishing to take service in British Colonies or other parts beyond the seas,
to enter into engagements with British subjects, and to ship themselves and their
families on board of British vessels at the open ports of China in conformity with
Regulations to be drawn up between the two Governments for the protection of such
emigrants:
And whereas the aforesaid Regulations have not hitherto been framed, His-
Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the
British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Emperor
of China have accordingly appointed the following as their respective Plenipo-
tentiaries, that is to say :
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of
the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, the Most Honourable
Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marquess of Lansdowne, His Majesty’s
Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs ; and
His Majesty the Emperor of China, Chang Teh-Yih, Brevet Lieutenant-General
of the Chinese Imperial t'orces, His Imperial Majesty’s Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor
of India ;
And the said Plenipotentiaries having met and communicated to each other their
respective full powers, and found them in good and due form, have agreed upon and
concluded the following Articles :—
Art. I.—As the Regulations to be framed under the above-mentioned Treaty
were intended to be of a general character, it is hereby agreed that on each occasion
when indentured emigrants are required for a particular British Colony or Protectorate
beyond the seas, His Britannic Majesty’s Minister in Peking shall notify the Chinese-
Government, stating the name of the Treaty port at which it is intended to embark
them, and the terms and conditions on which they aie to be engaged; the Chinese
Government shall thereupon, without requiring further formalities, immediately
instruct the local authorities at the specified Treaty port to take all the steps
necessary to facilitate emigration. The notification herein referred to shall only be-
required once in the case of each Colony or Protectorate, except when emigration
under indenture to that Colony or Protectorate from the specified Treaty port has
not taken place during the preceding three years.
£8 EMIGRATION OONVENTION
Art. II.—On the receipt of the instructions above referred to, the Taotai at the
port shall at once appoint an officer, to be called the Chinese Inspector; who,
together with the British Consular Officer at the port, or his Delegate, shall make
known by Proclamation and by means of the native press the text of the Indenture
which the emigrant wi 11 have to sign, and any particulars of which the Chinese officer
considers it essential that the emigrant shall be informed, respecting the country to
which the emigrant is to proceed, and respecting its laws.
Art. III.—The British Consular officer at the port, or his Delegate, shall confer
with the Chinese Inspector as to the location and installation of the offices and other
necessary buildings, hereinafter called the Emigration Agency, which shall be erected
or fitted up by the British ‘Government, and at their expense, for the purpose of
•carrying on the business of the engagement and shipment of the emigrants, and in
which the Chinese Inspector and his staff shall have suitable accommodation for
carrying on their duties.
Art. TV.—(1.) There shall be posted up in conspicuous places throughout the
Emigration Agency, and more especially in that part of it called the Depot, destined
•for the reception of intending emigrants, copies of the Indenture to be entered into
with the emigrant, drawn up in the English and Chinese languages, together with
copies of the special Ordinance, if any, relating to immigration into the particular
Colony or Protectorate for which the emigrants are required. .
(2.) There shall be kept a Register in English and in Chinese, in which the names
of intending indentured emigrants shall be inscribed, and in this Register there shall
not be inscribed the name of any person who is under 20 years of age, unless he
shall have produced proof of his having obtained the consent of his parents or other
lawful guardians to emigrate, or, in default of these, of the Magistrate of the district
to which he belongs. After signature of the Indenture according to the Chinese
•manner, the emigrant shall not be permitted to leave the Depot previously to his
-embarkation, without a pass signed by the Chinese Inspector, and countersigned by
the British Consular Officer or his Delegate, unless he shall have, through the
^Chinese Inspector, renounced his agreement and withdrawn his name from the
register of emigrants.
(3.) Before the sailing of the ship each emigrant shall be carefully examined by a
qualified Medical Officer nominated by the British Consular Officer or his Delegate.
The emigrants shall be paraded before the British Consular Officer or his Delegate
and the Chinese Inspector or his Delegate, and questioned with a view to ascertain
their perfect understanding of the Indenture.
Art. Y.—All ships employed in the conveyance of indentured emigrants from
China under this Convention shall engage and embark them only at a Treaty port,
and shall comply with the Regulations contained in the Schedule hereto annexed and
forming part of the Convention.
Art. YI.—For the better protection of the emigrant, and of any other Chinese
subject who may happen to be residing in the Colony or Protectorate to which the
emigration is to take place, it shall be competent to the Emperor of China to appoint
.a Consul or Vice-Consul to watch over their interests and well-being, and such
Consul or Vice-Consul shall have all the rights and privileges accorded to the Consuls
of other nations.
.Art. VII.—Every Indenture entered into under the present Articles shall clearly
specify the name of the country for which the labourer is required, the duration of
the engagement, and, if renewable, on what terms, the number of hours of labour
per working day, the nature of the work, the rate of wages and mode of payment,
the rations, clothing, the grant of a free passage out, and, where such is provided for
herein, a free passage back to the port of embarkation in China for himself and family,
righu to free medical attendance and medicines, whether in the Colony or Protectorate,
or on the voyage from and to the port of embarkation in China, and any other
advantages to which the emigrant shall be entitled. The Indenture may also
EMIGRATION CONVENTION 59r'
provide that the emigrant shall, if considered necessary by the medical authorities,
be vaccinated on his arrival at the Depot, and in the event of such vaccination being-
unsuccessful, re-vaccinated on board ship.
Art. VIII.—The Indenture shall be signed, or in cases of illiteracy mai-ked, by
the emigrant after the Chinese manner, in the presence of the British Consular Officer
or his Delegate and of the Chinese Inspector or his Delegate, who shall be respons-
ible to their respective Governments for its provisions having been clearly and fully
explained to the emigrant previous to signature. To each emigrant there shall be
presented a copy of the Indenture drawn up in English and Chinese. Such Inden-
ture shall not be considered as definitive or irrevocable until after the embarkation-
of the emigrant.
Art. IX.—In every British Colony or Protectorate to which indentured Chinese
emigrants proceed, an officer or officers shall be appointed, whose duty it shall be to
insure
redressthat the emigrant
for injuries shall have
to his person free accesswhich
and property to theis secured
Courts ofto Justice to obtain
all persons, the
irrespec-
tive ofArt,.race, by the local law.
X.—During the sojourn of the emigrant in the Colony or Protectorate in
which he is employed, all possible postal facilities shall be afforded to him for com-
municating with his native country and for making remittances to his family.
Art. XI.—With regard to the repatriation of the emigrant and his family
whether on the expiration of the Indenture or from any legal cause, or in event of
his having been invalided from sickness or disablement, it is understood that this shall'
always be to the port of shipment in China, and that in no case shall it take place
by any other means than actual conveyance by ship, and payment of money to the
returning emigrant in lieu of passage shall not be admissible.
Art" XII.—Nothing in any Indenture framed under these Articles shall
constitute on the employer a right to transfer the emigrant to another employer
of labour without the emigrant’s free consent and the approval of his Consul or
Vice-Consul; and should any such transfer or assignment take place, it shall not in
anv way invalidate any of the rights or privileges of the emigrant under the
Indenture.
Art. XIII.—It is agreed that a fee on each indentured emigrant shipped under
the terms of this convention shall be paid to the Chinese Government for expenses of
inspection, but no payment of any kind shall be made to the Chinese Inspector or
anv other official of the Chinese Government at the port of embarkation. The above
fee* shall be paid into the Customs bank previous to the clearance of the ship, and
shall be calculated at the following rate:—3 Mexican dollars per head for any
number of emigrants not exceeding 10,000, and 2 dollars per head for any number
in excess thereof, provided they are shipped at the same Treaty port, and that not more
than twelve months have elapsed since the date of the last shipment.
Should the port of embarkation have been changed, or a space of more than
twelve months have elapsed since the date of the last shipment, inspection charges
shall be paid as in the first instance.
Art. XIV.—The English and Chinese text of the present Convention have been
carefully compared, but in the event of there being any difference of meaning between
them, the sense as expressed in the English text shall be held to be the correct sense.
Art. XV.—The present Convention shall come into force on the date of its
signature and remain in force for four years from that date, and after such period
of four years it shall be terminable by either of the high contracting parties on
giving one year’s notice.
In witness whereof the Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Convention, -
and have affixed thereto their seals.
Done at London in four copies (two in English and two in Chinese), this
thirteenth day of May of the year 1904.
(Signed) Lansdownk.
T. Y. Chang.
^80 EMIGRATION CONVENTION
SCHEDULE
Regulations
Ships employed in the transport of indentured emigrants from China under this
Convention must be seaworthy, clean, and properly ventilated, and with regard to
the following matters, shall comply with conditions as far as possible equivalent to
-those in force in British India with reference to the emigration of natives from India:—
Accommodation required on board (vide Section 57 of “ The Indian Emigration
Act, 1883”).
Sleeping accommodation consisting of wooden sheathing to the decks or
sleeping platforms (vide rule regarding “ iron decks,” as amended the 16th August,
1902, in Schedule “A” to the rules under “The Indian Emigration Act, 1883”).
Rules as to space on board (vide Section 58 of “The Indian EmigraCon
Act, 1883”).
Carriage of qualified surgeon, with necessary medical stores.
Storage of drinking water (vide Rule 113, as amended the 24th February, 1903.
under “The Indian Emigration Act, 1883 ”).
Provision of adequate distilling apparatus (vide Schedule “ C ” to the rules
under “ The Indian Emigration Act, 1883 ”).
The dietary for each indentured emigrant on board ship shall be as follows per
• day:—
Rice, not less than H lb., or flour or bread stuffs 11 lb
Fish (dried or salt) or meat (fresh or preserved) Of „
Fresh vegetables of suitable kinds If „
Salt 1 oz.
Sugar . If „
Chinese tea ■ Of „
Chinese condiments in sufficient quantities.
Water, for drinking and cooking 1 gallon
. or such other articles of food as may be substituted for any of the articles enumerat-
ed in the foregoing scale as being in the opinion of the doctor on board equivalent
-thereto.
Notes Exchanged Between the Marquess op Lansdowne and the Chinese
Minister on Signing Convention op May 13th, 1904
Foreign Office, London, May 13th, 1904.
Sir,—By Article VI. of the Convention about to be concluded between Great
Britain and China with regard to Chinese subjects leaving the Treaty ports of China
under Indenture for service in British Colonies or Protectorates, it is provided
-that:—
“ For the better protection of the emigrant and of any other Chinese subject
-who may happen to be residing in the Colony or Protectorate to which the
EMIGRATION CONVENTION 61
• emigration is to take place, it shall he competent to the Emperor of China to appoint
a Consul or Vice-Consul to watch over their interests and well-being, and such
Consul or Vice-Consul shall have all the rights and privileges accorded to the Consul
of other nations.”
His Majesty’s Government consider it specially important that the persons
appointed to occupy, for the purpose named, the position of Consul or Vice-Consul
-should be experienced officers of Chinese nationality, that they should be exclusively
in the service of the Emperor of China, and that in each case the name of the person
-selected should be communicated to His Majesty’s Government, and their agreement
to the appointment obtained.
I have the honour to inquire whether the Chinese Government are prepared to
meet the wishes of His Majesty’s Government in the matter. If so, and if you will
inform me accordingly, this note and your reply might be attached to the Convention
in order to place on formal record the arrangement conclude 1.—I have, &c.
(Signed) Lansdowne.
Chang Ta-Jen, etc., etc., etc.
Chinese Legation, London,
May 13th, 1904.
My Lord Marquess,—In reply to your Lordship’s note of this date, I have the
honour to state that the Chinese Government are in entire accord with His Britannic
Majesty’s Government as to the great importance they attach to the Consuls and Vice-
-Consuls to be appointed under Article VI. of the Convention about to be concluded
between the two Governments being men of great experience, and will consider it a
duty which they owe to the emigrant to confine the selection of these officers to such
as in all respects conform to the requirements specified in the note above referred to,
which, together with the present one, it has been mutually agreed shall, in proof of
that understanding, be appended to the said Convention.—I have, &c.
(Signed) T. Y. Chang.
The Marquess of Lansdowne, K. G.,
etc., etc., etc.
EXCHANGE OF NOTES BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM
AND RUSSIA WITH REGARD TO THEIR RESPECTIVE
RAILWAY INTERESTS IN CHINA
No. 1
Sir C. Scott to Count Mouravieff
The Undersigned, British Ambassador, duly authorized to that effect, has the
honour to make the following declaration to his Excellency Count Mouravieff,
Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs:—
Great Britain and Russia, animated by a sincere desire to avoid in China all
cause of conflict on questions where their interests meet, and taking into considera-
tion the economic and geographical gravitation of ceitain parts of that Empire^
have agreed as follows:—
1. Great Britain engages not to seek for her own account, or on behalf of
British subjects or of others, any railway concessions to the north of the Great .
Wall of China, and not to obstruct, directly or indirectly, applications for railway
concessions in that region supported by the Russian Government.
2. —Russia, on her part, engages not to seek for her own account,
of Russian subjects or of others, any railway concessions in the basin of the Yang-
tze, and not to obstruct, directly or indirectly, applications for railway concessions in
that region supported by the British Government.
The two Contracting Parties, having nowise in view to infringe in any way the
sovereign rights of China or existing Treaties, will not fail to communicate to the
Chinese Government the present arrangement, which, by averting all cause of com-
plications between them, is of a nature to consolidate peace in the Far East, and to-
serve the primordial interests of China herself.
(Signed) Charles S. Scott.
St. Petersburg, April 28, 1899.
The Undersigned, Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs, duly authorized to that
effect, has the honour to make the following declaration to his Excellency Sir Charles
Scott, British Ambassador:—■
. Russia and Great Britain, animated by the sincere desire to avoid in China all
cause of conflict on questions where their interests meet, and taking into considera-
tion the economic and geographical gravitation of certain parts of that Empire, have
agreed as follows—
. 1-—Russia
subjects engages
or of others, anynot to seek
railway for her own
concessions in theaccount,
basin ofortheon Yangtze,
behalf of and
Russian
not
to obstruct, directly or indirectly, applications for railway concessions in that region
supported by the British Government.
EXCHANGE OF NOTES BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND RUSSIA 03
2.—Great Britain, on her part, engages not to seek for her own account, or on
%ehalf of British subjects or of others, any railway concessions to the north of the
Great Wall of China, and not to obstruct, directly or indirectly, applications for
railway concessions in that region supported by the Russian Government.
The two Contracting Parties, having nowise in view • to infringe in any way
the sovereign rights of China or of existing Treaties, will not fail to communicate
to the Chinese Government the present arrangement, which, by averting all cause
of complication between them, is of a nature to consolidate peace in the Far East,
and to serve the primordial interests of China herself.
The Undersigned, etc. (Signed) Count Mouravieff.
St. Petersburg, April 16 (28), 1899.
No. 3
Sir C. Scott to Count Mouravieff
In order to complete the Notes exchanged this day respecting the partition of
•spheres for concessions for the construction and working of railways in China, it
has been agreed to record in the present additional Note the arrangement arrived
at with regard to the line Shanhaikuan-Newchwang, for the construction of which
a loan has been already contracted by the Chinese Government with the Shanghai-
Hongkong Bank, acting on behalf of the British and Chinese Corporation.
The general arrangement established by the above-mentioned Notes is not to
infringe in any wav the rights acquired under the said Loan Contract, and the
Chinese Government may appoint both an English engineer and an European
accountant to supervise the construction of the line in question, and the expenditure
of the money appropriated to it.
But it remains understood that this fact cannot be taken as constituting a
right of property or foreign control, and that the line in question is to remain a
^Chinese line, under the control of the Chinese Government, and cannot be mortgaged
or alienated to a non-Chinese Company.
As regards the branch line from Siaoheichan to Sinminting, in addition to the
aforesaid restrictions, it has been agreed that it is to be constructed by China her-
self, who may permit European—not necessarily British—engineers to periodically
inspect it, and to verify and certify that the work is being properly executed.
The present special Agreement is naturally not to interfere in any way with the
right of the Russian Government to support, if it thinks fit, applications of Russian
subjects or establishments for concessions for railways, which, starting from the
main Manchurian line in a south-westerly direction, would traverse the region in
which the Chinese line terminating at Sinminting and Newchwang is to be constructed.
(Signed) Charles S. Scott.
St. Petersburg, April 28th, 1899.
No. 4
Count Mouravieff to Sir C. Scott
In order to complete the Notes exchanged this day respecting the partition of
spheres for concessions for the construction and working of railways in China, it has
been agreed to record in the present additional Note the Agreement arrived at with
64 AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
regard to the line Shanhailcuan-Newchwang, for the construction of which a loan
has been already contracted by the Chinese Government with the Shanghai-Hong-
kong Bank, acting on behalf of the British and Chinese Corporation.
The general arrangement established by the above-mentioned Notes is not to
infringe in any way the rights acquired under the said Loan Contract, and the
Chinese Government is at liberty to appoint both an English engineer and an
European accountant to supervise the construction of the line in question and the
expenditure of the money appropriated to it. But it remains well uudei-stood that
this fact cannot be taken as constituting a right of property or foreign control,
and that the line in question is te remain a Chinese line, subject to the control of
the Chinese Government, and cannot be mortgaged or alienated to a non-Chinese
Company.
As regards the branch line from Siaohe'ichan to Sinminting, in addition to
the aforesaid restrictions, it has been agreed that it is to be constructed by China
herself, who may permit European—not necessarily British—engineers to periodi-
cally inspect it, and to verify and certify that the works are being properly executed.
The present special Agreement is naturally not to interfere in any way with
the right of the Eussian Government to support, if it thinks fit, applications of
Eussian subjects or establishments for concessions for railways, which, starting from
the main Manchurian line in a south-westerly direction, would traverse the region
in which the Chinese line terminating at Sinminting and Newchwang is to be
constructed.
The Undersigned, etc.
(Signed) Count Moueavieff.
St. Petersburg, April 16 (28), 1899.
AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
Signed at Pekiflg, April 2.7th, 1906
To Which is Annexed the Convention Between the United Kingdom-
and Tibet, Signed at Lhasa, Septembee 7th, 1904
Ratifications exchanged at London, July 23rd, 1906
Whereas His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British
Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of China
are sincerely desirous to maintain and perpetuate the relations of friendship and
good understanding which now exist between their respective Empires ;
And whereas
full effect the refusal
the provisions of the ofAnglo-Chinese
Tibet to recognise the validity
Convention of Marchof17th,
or to carry
1890, into
and
Regulations of December 5th, 1893, placed the British Government under
of taking steps to secure their rights and interests under the said Conventionthe necessity
and
Regulations j
AGBEEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET 65'
And whereas a Convention of ten articles was signed at Lhasa on September
7th, 1904, on behalf of Great Britain and Tibet, and was ratified by the Viceroy and
Governor-General of India on behalf of Great Britain on November 11th, 1904, a
declaration on behalf of Great Britain modifying its terms under certain conditions
being appended thereto;
His Britannic Majesty and His Majesty the Emperor of China have resolved to
conclude a Convention on this subject, and have for this purpose named Plenipoten-
tiaries, that is to say:—
His Majesty the King of Great Britain and Ireland :
Sir Ernest Mason Satow, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order
of Saint Michael and Saint George, His said Majesty’s Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of China; and
His Majesty the Emperor of China:
His Excellency Tang Shao-yi, His said Majesty’s High Commissioner Pleni-
potentiary and a Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs ;
Who, having communicated to each other their respective full powers and find*
ing them to be in good and true form, have agreed upon and concluded the follow-
ing Convention in Six Articles:—
Art. I.—The Convention concluded on September 7th, 1904, by Great Britain,
and Tibet, the texts of which in English and Chinese are attached to the present
Convention as an Annex, is hereby confirmed, subject to the modification stated in
the declaration appended thereto, and both of the High Contracting Parties engage-
to take at all times such steps as may be necessary to secure the due fulfilment of the-
terms specified therein.
Art. II.—The Government of Great Britain engages not to annex Tibetan
territory or to interfere in the administration of Tibet. The Government of China.
also undertakes not to permit any other foreign State to interfere with the territory
or internal administration of Tibet.
Art. III.—The concessions which are mentioned in Article 9 (d) of the Con-
vention concluded on September 7th, 1904, by Great Britain and Tibet are denied to-
any State or to the subject of any State other than China, but it has been arranged
with China that at the trade marts specified in Article,2 of the aforesaid Convention
Great Britain shall be entitled to lay down telegraph lines connecting with India.
Art. IV.—The provisions of the Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1890 and
Regulations of 1893 shall, subject to the terms of this present Convention and
Annex thereto, remain in full force.
Art. V.—The English and Chinese texts of the present Convention have been
carefully compared and found to correspond, but in the event of there being any
difference of meaning between them the English text shall be authoritative.
Art. VI.—This Convention shall be ratified by the Sovereigns of both countries
and ratifications shall be exchanged in London within three months after the date
of signature by the Plenipotentiaries of both Powers.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this
Convention, four copies in English and four in Chinese.
Done at Peking this twenty-seventh day of April, one thousand nine hundred
and six, being the fourth day of the fourth month of the thirty-second year of the-
reign of Kuang Hsu.
[l.s.] Ernest Satow.
(Signature and Seal of the Chinese
Plenipotentiary.)
€6 AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
Signed at Lhasa, 7th September, 1904
Whereas doubts and difficulties have arisen as to the meaning and validity of the
Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1890, and the Trade Regulations of 1893, and as to the
liabilities of the Tibetan Government'under these agreements; and whereas recent
occurrences have tended towards a disturbance of the relations of friendship and good
understanding which have-existed between the British Go vernmentand the Government
of Tibet; and whereas it is desirable to restore peace and amicable relations and to
resolve and determine the doubts and difficulties as aforesaid, the said Governments
have resolved to conclude a Convention with these objects, and the following Articles
have been agreed upon by Colonel F. E. Younghusband, C.I.E., in virtue of full powers
vested in him by His Britannic Majesty’s Government and on behalf of that said
Government, and Lo-Sang Gyal-Tsen, theGa-den Ti-Rimpoche, and the representatives
of the Council of the three monasteries Se-ra, Dre-pung, and Ga-den, and of the
ecclesiastical and lay officials of the National Assembly' on behalf of the Government
of Tibet: —
I. —The Government of Tibet engages to respect the Anglo
lft90 and to recognise the frontier between Sikkim and Tibet, as defined in Article 3.
of the said Convention, and to erect boundary pillars accordingly.
II. —The Tibetan Government undertakes to open forth
all British and Tibetan subjects shall have fred right of access at Gyangtse and Gartok,
as well as at Yatung.
The Regulations applicable to the trade mart at Yatung, under the Anglo-Chinese
Agreement of 1893, shall, subject to such amendments as may hereafter be agreed upon
by common consent between the British and Tibetan Governments, apply to the marts
above mentioned.
In addition to establishing trade marts at the places mentioned, the Tibetan
Government undertakes to place no restrictions on the trade by existing routes, and to
consider the question of establishing fresh trade marts under similar conditions if
development of trade requires it.
HI.—The question of the amendment of the Regulations of 1893 is reserved for
separate consideration, and the Tibetan Government undertakes to appoint fully
authorised delegates to negotiate with representatives of the British Government as
to the details of the amendments required.
IY.—The Tibetan Government undertakes to levy no dues of any kind other than
those provided for in the tariff to be mutually agreed upon.
Gartok V-—The Tibetan
from the Government
frontier clear of allundertakes
obstructiontoand
keepin athestateroads to Gyangtse
of repair suited to and
the
needs of the trade, and to establish at Yatung, Gyangtse and Gartok, and at each of
the other trade marts that may hereafter be established, a Tibetan Agent who shall
receive from the British Agent appointed to watch over British trade at the marts in
question any letter which the latter may desire to send to the Tibetan or to the Chinese
authorities. The Tibetan Agent shall also be responsible for the due delivery of such
communications and for the transmission of replies.
VI. of armed troops—As
despatch an indemnity
to Lhasa, to exact reparation to the British
for breaches of treatyGovernment
obligations,fo
and for the insults offered to and attacks upon the British Commissioner and his
following and escort, the Tibetan Government engages to pay a sum of Pounds five
hundred
The thousand,
indemnityequivalent to Rupees
shall be payable seventy-five
at such place aslakhs,
the toBritish
the British Government.
Government may
from time to time, after due notice, indicate, whether in Tibet or in the British districts
of Darjeeling or Jalpaiguri, in seventy-five annual instalments of Rupees one lakh each
on the 1st January in each year, beginning from the 1st January, 1906.
VII. —As security for the payment of the above-m
fulfilmentof the provisions relative to trade marts specifiedin Articles II., III., IV., and V.,
AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET 67
the British Government shall continue to occupy the Chumbi Yalley until the
indemnity has been paid and until the trade marts have been effectively opened for
three years, whichever date may be the later.
VIII. —The Tibetan Government agrees to raze all forts and
remove all armaments which might impede the course of free communications between
the British frontier and the towns of Gyangtse and Lhasa.
IX. —The Government of Tibet engages that, without the previous
British Government—
(a) No portion of Tibetan territory shall be ceded, sold, leased, mortgaged, or
otherwise given for occupation, to any foreign Power;
(b) No such Power shall be permitted to intervene in Tibetan affairs;
(c) No representatives or agents of any foreign Power shall be admitted to Tibet;
(d) No concessions for railways, roads, telegraphs, mining or other rights, shall
be granted to any foreign Power, or the subject of any foreign Power. In the event
of consent to such concessions being granted, similar or equivalent concessions shall
be granted to the British Government;
(e) No Tibetan revenues, whether in kind or in cash, shall be pledged or assigned
to any foreign Power, or the subject of any foreign Power.
X. —In witness whereof the negotiators have signed the same, and af
unto the seals of their arms.
Done in quintuplicate at Lhasa, this 7th day of September, in the year of our
Lord one thousand nine hundred and four, corresponding with the libetan date,
the 27th day of the seventh mouth of the Wood Dragon year.
Arrangement Between Great Britain and Bdssia Concerning Tibet
The Governments of Britain and Russia recognizing the suzerain r ghts of China
in Tibet, and considering the fact that Great Britain, by reason of her geographical
position, has a special interest in the maintenance of the status quo in the external
relations of Tibet, have made the following Arrangement:—
I. —The two High Contracting Parties engage to respect the territoria
of Tibet and to abstain from all interference in its internal administration.
II. —In conformity with the admitted principle of the suzerainty of
Tibet, Great Britain and Russia engage not to enter into negotiations with Tibet
except through the intermediary of the Chinese Government. This engagement does
not exclude the direct relations between British Commercial Agents and the Tibetan
authorities provided for in Article V. of the Convention between Great Britain and
Tibet of September 7th, 1904, and confirmed by the Convention between Great
Britain and China of April 27th, 1906; nor does it modify the engagements entered
into by Great Britain and China in Article I. of the said Convention of 1906.
It is clearly understood that Buddhists, subjects of Great Britain or of Russia,,
may enter into direct relations on strictly religious matters with the Dalai Lama and
the other representatives of Buddhism in Tibet; the Governments of Great Britain
and Russia engage, as far as they are concerned, not to allow those relations to
infringe the stipulations of the present arrangement.
III. —The British and Russian Governments respectively engag
representatives to Lhasa.
IY.—The two High Contracting Parties engage neither to seek nor to obtain,
whether for themselves or their subjects, any concessions for railways, roads, tele-
graphs and mines, or other rights in Tibet.
Y.—The two Governments agree that no part of the revenues of Tibet, whether
in kind or in cash, shall be pledged or assigned to Great Britain or Russia or to any
of their subjects.
3*
"68 AGREEMENTS RESPECTING TIBET
Annex
Great Britain reaffirms the Declaration, signed by His Excellency .the Viceroy
and Governor-General of India and appended to the ratification of the Convention of
September 7th, 1904, to the effect that the occupation of the Chumbi Wley by
British forces shall cease after the payment of three annual instalments of the
indemnity of 25,000,000 Rupees, provided that the trade marts mentioned in'Article
II. of that Convention have been effectively opened for three years, and that in the
meantime the Tibetan authorities have faithfully’complied! in all respects with the
terms of the said Convention of 1904. It is clearly understood that if the occupa-
tion of the Chumbi Valley by the British forces has, for any reason, not been
terminated at the time anticipated in the above Declaration, the British and Russian
Governments will enter upon a friendly exchange of views on this subject.
The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at St.
Petersburg as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present
•Convention and affixed thereto their seals.
Done in duplicate at St. Petersburg, the 18th (31st) August, 1907.
[l.s.] A. Nicoeson.
[X.S.] ISWOLSKY.
St. Petersburg, August 18<7i (31si)> 1907
M. le Ministre,—With reference to the Arrangement regarding Tibet, signed to-
day, I have the honour to make the following Declaration to your Excellency :—
“ His Britannic Majesty’s Government think it desirable, so far as they are
concerned, not to allow, unless by a previous agreement with the Russian Government,
for a period of three years from the date of the present communication, the entry
into Tibet of any scientific mission whatever, on condition that a like assurance is
given on the part of the Imperial Russian Government.
“ His Britannic Majesty’s Government propose, moreover, to approach the
Chinese Government with a view to induce them to accept a similiar obligation for a
corresponding Period; the Russian Government will, as a matter of course, take
similar action.
“At the expiration of the term of three years above mentioned His Britannic
Majesty’s Government will, if necessary, consult with the Russian Government as to
the desirability of any ulterior measures with regard to scientific expeditions to Tibet.’'
I have, etc.,
A. Nicolson.
St. Petersburg, August 18th (31st), 1907
M. 1’Ambassadeur,—In reply to your Excellency’s note of even date, I have the
honour to declare that the Imperial Russian Government think it desirable, so far as
they are concerned, not to allow, unless by a previous agreement with the British
Government, for a period of three years from the date of the present communication,
the entry into Tibet of any scientific mission whatever.
Like the British Government, the Imperial Government propose to approach the
Chinese Government with a view to induce them to accept a similar obligation for a
corresponding period.
It is understood that at the expiration of the term of three years the two
Governments will, if necessary, consult with each other as to the desirability of any
ulterior measures with regard to scientific expeditions to Tibet.
I have, etc.,
ISWOLSKY.
OPIUM AGREEMENT
[Done at Peking, May 8th, 1911]
Under the arrangement concluded between His Majesty’s Government and the
Chinese Government three years ago, His Majesty’s Government undertook that if
during the period of three years from January 1st, 1908, the Chinese Government
should duly carry out the arrangement on their part for reducing the production
and consumption of opium in China, they would continue in the same proportion of
ten per cent, the annual diminution of the export of opium from India, until the
completion of the full period of ten years in 1917.
His Majesty’s Government, recognizing the sincerity of the Chinese Govern-
ment, and their pronounced success in diminishing the production of opium in China
during the past three years, are prepared to continue the arrangement of 1907 for
the unexpired period of seven years on the following conditions:—
I. —From the first of January, 1911, China shall diminish ann
years the production of opium in China in the same proportion as the annual export
from India is diminished in accordance with the terms of Agreement and of the
Annex appended hereto until total extinction in 1917.
II. — The Chinese Government have adopted a most rigorous p
ing the production, the transport and the smoking of native opium, and His
Majesty’s Government have expressed their agreement therewith and willingness to
give every as-istance. With a view to facilitating the continuance of this work. His
Majesty’s Government agree that the export of opium from India to China shall
cease in less than seven years if clear proof is given of the complete absence of
native opium in China.
III. —His Majesty’s Government further agree that Indian
conveyed into any province in China which can establish by clear evidence that it
has effectively suppressed the cultivation and import of native opium.
It is understood, however, that the closing of the ports of Canton and Shanghai
to the import of Indian opium shall not take effect except as the final step on the
part of the Chinese Government for the completion of the above measure.
IV. —During the period of this Agreement it shall be p
Majesty’s Government to obtain continuous evidence of this diminution by local
enquiries and investigation conducted by one or more British officials accompanied,
if the Chinese Government so desire, by a Chinese official. Their decision as to the
extent of cultivation shall be accepted by both parties to this Agreement,
During the above period one or more British officials shall be given facilities for
reporting on the taxation and trade restrictions on opium away from the Treaty
ports.
. Y.—By the arrangement of 1907 His Majesty’s Government agreed to the
despatch by China of an official to India to watch the opium sales on condition that
such official would have no power of interference. His Majesty’s Government
further agree that the official so despatched may be present at the packing of opium
on the same condition.
70 OPIUM AGREEMENT
YI.—The Chinese Government nudeitake to levy a uniform tax on all opium
grown in the Chinese Empire. His Majesty’s Government consent to increase the
present consolidated import duty on Indian opium to Tls. 350 per chest of 100
catties, such increase to take effect as soon as the Chinese Government levy an
equivalent excise tax on all native opium.
VII. —On confirmation of this Agreement and begin
the new rate of consolidated import duty, China will at once cause to1 be withdrawn
all restrictions placed by the Provincial authorities on the wholesale trade in Indian
opium, such as those recently imposed at Canton and elsewhere, and. also all taxation
on the wholesale trade other than the consolidated import duty, and no such
restrictions or taxation shall be again imposed so long as the- Additional Article to
the Chefoo Agreement remains as at present in force.
It is also understood that Indian raw opium having paid the consolidated
import duty shall be exempt from any further taxation whatsoever in the port of
import.
Should the conditions contained in the above two clauses not be duly observed.
His Majesty’s Government shall be at liberty to suspend or terminate this
Agreement at any time.
The foregoing stipulations shall not derogate in any manner from the force of
the laws already published or hereafter to be published by the Imperial Chinese
G-overnment to suppress the smoking of opium and to regulate the retail trade in
the drug in general.
VIII. —With a view to assisting China in the
Majesty’s Government undertake that from the year 1911 the Government of India
will issue an export permit with a consecutive number for each chest of Indian
opium declared for shipment to or for consumption in China.
During the year 1911 the number of permits so issued shall not exceed 30,600
and shall be progressively reduced annually by 5,100 during the remaining six years
ending 1917.
A copy of each permit so issued shall, before shipment of opium declared for
shipment to or consumption in China, be handed to the Chinese official for trans-
mission to his Government, or to the Customs authorities in China.
His Majesty’s Government undertake that each chest of opium for which such
permit has been granted shall be sealed by an official deputed by the Indian
Government in the presence of the Chinese official if so requested.
The Chinese Government undertake that chests of opium so sealed and
accompanied by such permits may be imported into any Treaty Port of China
without let or hindrance if such seals remain unbroken.
IX. —Should it appear on subsequent experience des
the unexpired portion of seven years to modify this Agreement or any part thereof,
it may be revised by mutual consent of the two high contracting parties.
X. —This Agreement shall come into force on the date of
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorized thereto, by their respective
Governments, have signed the same and have affixed thereto their seals.
Done at Peking in quadruplicate (four in English and four in Chinese) this
eighth day of May, one thousand nine hundred and eleven, being the tenth day of
the fourth month of the third year of Hsuan T’ung.
[l.s.] J. N. Jordan. [l.s.] Tsou Cbia-Lat.
OPIUM AGREEMENT 71
Annex
On the date of the signature of the Agreement a list shall he taken by the
'Commissioners of Customs acting in concert with the Colonial and Consular officials
of all uncertified Indian opium in bond at the Treaty Ports and of all uncertified
opium in stock in Hongkong which is bond fide intended for the Chinese market,
and all such opium shall be marked with labels and on payment of Tls. 110 con-
solidated import duty shall be entitled to the same Treaty rights and privileges in
China as certificated opium.
Opium so marked and in stock in Hongkong must be exported to a Chinese
•port within seven days of the signature of the Agreement.
All other uncertificated Indian opium shall for a period of two months from the
date of C’e signature of the Agreement be landed at the ports of Shanghai and Canton
•only, and at the expiration of this period all Treaty Ports shall be closed to uncerti-
ficated opium provided the Chinese Government have obtained the consent of the
•other Treaty Powers.
The Imperial Maritime Customs shall keep a return of all nncertificated opium
landed at Shanghai and Canton during this period of two months, other than opium
marked and labelled as provided above, and such opium shall pay the new rate of
consolidated import duty and shall not be re-exported in bond to other Treaty ports.
In addition to the annual reduction of 5,100 chests already agreed upon, His
Maiesty’s Government agree further to reduce the import of Indian opium during
each of the years 1912, IH13 and 1914 by an amount equal to one-third of the total
ascertained amount of the uncertificated Indian opium in bond in Chinese Treaty
Ports, and in stock in Hongkong on the date of signature, plus one-third of the
amount of uncertificated' Indian opium landed during the ensuing two months af
Shanghai and Canton.
Done at Peking this eighth day of May one thousand nine hundred and eleven,
being the tenth day of the fourth month of the third year of Hsuan Tung.
[l.s.] J 1ST. Jordan. [e.s.] Tsod Chia-Lai.
FRANCE
TEEATY OE PEACE, ERIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND*
NAVIGATION BETWEEN ERANCE ANI> CHINA
Signed, in the French and Chinese Languages, at Tientsin, 27th June, ISSB'
Ratifications Exchanged at Peking, 25th October, I860-
His Majesty the Emperor of the French and His Majesty the Emperor of China,,
being desirous to put an end to the existing misunderstanding between the two
Empires, and wishing to re-establish and improve the relations of friendship, com-
merce, and navigation between the two Powers, have resolved to conclude a new
Treaty based on the common interest of the two countries, and for that purpose have
named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:—
His Majesty the Emperor of the French, Baron Gros, Grand Officer of the Legion
of Honour, Grand Cross of the Order of the Saviour of Greece, Commander of the
Order of the Conception of Portugal, etc., etc., etc.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Kweiliang, Imperial High Commis-
sioner of the Ta-Tsing Dynasty, Grand Minister of the East Palace, Director-General
of the Council of Justice, etc., etc., etc.; andHwashana, Imperial High Commissioner
of the Ta-Tsing Dynasty, President of the Board of Finance, General of the Bordered
Blue Banner of the Chinese Banner Force, etc., etc., etc.;
Who, having exchanged their full powers, which they have found in good and
due form, have agreed upon the following Articles:—
Art. I.—There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between His Majesty the
Emperor of the French and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between the
subjects of the two Empires, who shall enjoy equally in the respective States of the
high contracting parties full and entire protection for their persons and property.
Art. II.—In order to maintain the peace so happily re-established between the
two empires it has been agreed between the high contracting parties that, following
in this respect the practice amongst Western nations, the duly accredited diplomatic-
agents of His Majesty the Emperor of the French and of His Maj esty the Emperor of China
shall have the right of resorting to the capital of the empire when important affairs
call them there. It is agreed between the high contracting parties that if any one
of the Powers having a treaty with China obtains for its diplomatic agents the right
of permanently residing at Peking, France shall immediately enjoy the same right.
The diplomatic agents shall reciprocally enjoy, in the place of their residence,
the privileges and immunities accorded to them by international law,, that is to say,
that their persons, their families, their houses, and their correspondence, shall be
inviolable, that they may take into their service such employes, courier's, interpreters,
servants, etc., etc., as shall be necessary to them.
The expense of every kind occasioned by the diplomatic mission of France in
China shall be defrayed by the French Government. The diplomatic agents whom
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA 73
iit shall please the Emperor of China to accredit to His Majesty the Emperor of
the French, shall be received in France with all* the honours and prerogatives which
the diplomatic agents of other nations accredited to the Court of His Majesty the
Emperor of the French enjoy.
Art. III.—The official communications of the French diplomatic and consular
agents with the Chinese authorities shall he written in French, but shall be accom-
panied, to facilitate the service, by a Chinese translation, as exact as possible, until
such time as the Imperial Government at Peking, having interpreters speaking
and writing French correctly, diplomatic correspondence shall be conducted in this
language by the French agents and in Chinese by the officers of the Empire.
It is agreed that until then, and in case of difference in the interpretation, in
reference to the French text and Chinese text of the clauses heretofore agreed upon
in the conventions made by common accord, it shall always be the original text and
not the translation which shall be held correct. This provision applies to the
present Treaty, and in the communications between the authorities of the two
countries it shall always be the original text, not the translation, which shall be
held correct.
Art. IV.—Henceforth the official correspondence between the authorities and the
officers of the two countries shall be regulated according to their respective ranks and
conditions and upon the basis of the most absolute reciprocity. This correspondence
shall take place between the high French officers and high Chinese officers, in
the capital or elsewhere, by dispatch or communication; between the French sub-
ordinate officers and the high authorities in the provinces, on the part of the former
by statement, and on the part of the latter by declaration.
Between the officers of lower rank of the two nations, as above provided, bn
the footing of a perfect equality.
Merchants and generally all persons not having an official character shall on both
■sides use the form of representation in all documents addressed to or intended for the
notice of the respective authorities.
Whenever a French subject shall have recourse to the Chinese authority, his
representation shall first be submitted to the Consul, who, if it appears to him
reasonable and properly addressed, shall forward it; if it be otherwise, the Consul
shall cause the tenour to be modified or refuse to transmit it. The Chinese, on their
part, when they have to address a Consulate, shall follow a similar course towards
the Chinese authority, who shall act in the same manner.
Art. V.—His Majesty the Emperor of the French may appoint Consuls or Con-
sular Agents in the coast and river ports of the Chinese empire named in Article VI.
of the present Treaty to conduct the business between the Chinese authorities and
French merchants and subjects and to see to the strict observance of the stipulated
rules. These officers shall be treated with the consideration and regard which are
due to them. Their relations with the authorities of the place of their residence
shall be established on the footing of the most perfect equality. If they shall have
to complain of the proceedings of the said authorities, they may address the superior
authority of the province direct, and shall immediately advise the Minister Plenipo-
tentiary of the Emperor thereof.
In case of the absence of the French Consul, captains and merchants shall be
at liberty to have recourse to the intervention of the Consul of a friendly Power, or,
if this be impossible, they shall have recourse to the chief of the Customs, who shall
advise as to the means of assuring to the said captains and merchants the benefits of
the present Treaty.
Art. VI.—Experience having demonstrated that the opening of new ports to
foreign commerce is one of the necessities of the age, it has been agreed that the
forts of Kiung-chow and Chao-chow in the province of Kwangtung, Taiwan and
Tamsui in the island of Formosa (province of Fohkien), Tang-chow in the pro-
vince of Shantung, and Nanking in the province of Kiangsu, shall enjoy the same
privileges as Canton, Shanghai, Ningpo, Amoy, and Foochow. With regard to
74 TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
Nanking, the French agents in China shall not deliver passports to their nationals
for this city until the rebels have been expelled by the Imperial troops.
Art. VII.—French subjects and their families may establish themselves and
trade or pursue their avocations in all security, and without hindrance of any kind
in the ports and cities enumerated in the preceding Article.
They may travel freely between them if they are provided with passports, but
it is expressly forbidden to them to trade elsewhere on the coast in search of
clandestine markets, under pain of confiscation of both the ships and goods used in
such operations, and this confiscation shall be for the benefit of the Chinese G-overn-
ment, who, however, before the seizure and confiscation can be legally pronounced,
must advise the French Consul at the nearest port.
Art. VIII.—French subjects who wish to go to interior towns, or ports not open
to foreign vessels, may do so in all security, on the express condition that they are
provided with passports written in French and Chinese, legally delivered by the
diplomatic agents or Consuls of France in China and vised by the Chinese authorities..
In case of the loss of his passport, the French subject who cannot present it
when it is legally required of him shall, if the Chinese authorities of the place refuse
him permission to remain a sufficient time to obtain another passport from the
Consul, be conducted to the nearest Consulate and shall not be maltreated or insulted
in any way.
As is stipulated in the former Treaties, French subjects resident or sojourning
in the ports open to foreign trade may travel without passports in their immediate
neighbourhood and there pursue their occupations as freely as the natives, but they
must not pass certain limits which shall be agreed upon between the Consul and the
local authority. The French agents in China shall deliver passports to their
nationals only for the places where the rebels are not established at the time the
passport shall be demanded.
These passports shall be delivered by the French authorities only to persons
who offer every desirable guarantee.
Art. IX.—All changes made by common consent with one of the signatory Powers
of the treaties with China on the subject of amelioration of the tariff now in force, or
which may hereafter be in force, as also all rights of customs, tonnage, importation,
transit, and exportation, shall be immediately applicable to French trade and mer-
chants by the mere fact of their being placed in execution.
Art. X.—Any French subject who, conformably to the stipulations of Article
VI. of the present Treaty, shall arrive at one of the ports open to foreign trade, may,
whatever may be the length of his sojourn, rent houses and warehouses for the
disposal of his merchandise, or lease land and himself build houses and warehouses.
French subjects may, in the same manner, establish churches, hospitals, religious
houses, schools, and cemeteries. To this end the local authority, after having
agreed with the Consul, shall designate the quarters most suitable for the residence
of the French and the sites on which the above-mentioned structures may have
place.
The terms of rents and leases shall be freely discussed between the interested
parties and regulated, as far as possible, according to the average local rates.
The Chinese authorities shall prevent their nationals from exacting or requiring
exorbitant prices, and the Consul on his side shall see that French subjects use no
violence or constraint to force the consent of the proprietors. It is further under-
stood that the number of houses and the extent of the ground to be assigned to
French subjects in the ports open to foreign trade shall not be limited, and that they
shall be determined according to the needs and convenience of the parties. If Chinese
subjects injure or destroy French churches or cemeteries, the guilty parties shall be
punished with all the rigour of the laws of the country.
Art. XI.—French subjects in the ports open to foreign trade may freely engage,
on the terms agreed upon between the parties, or by the sole intervention of the
Consul, compradores, interpreters, clerks, workmen, watermen, and servants. They
shall also have the right of engaging teachers in order to learn to speak and write
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
the Chinese language and any other language or dialect used in the empire,
as also to secure their aid in scientific or literary works. Equally they may teach to
Chinese subjects their own or foreign languages and sell without obstacle French
books or themselves purchase Chinese books of all descriptions.
Art. XII.—Property of any kind appertaining to French subjects in the Chinese
empire shall be considered by the Chinese inviolable and shall always be respected
by them. The Chinese authorities shall not, under any circumstances whatever,
place French vessels under embargo nor put them under requisition for any service,
be it public or private.
Art. XIII.—The Christian religion having for its essential object the leading of
men to virtue, the members of all Christian communities shall enjoy entire security
for their persons and property and the free exercise of their religion, and efficient
protection shall be given the missionaries who travel peaceably in the interior
furnished with passports as provided for in Article VIII.
Xo hindrance shall be offered by the authorities of the Chinese Empire to the
recognised right of every individual in China to embrace, if he so pleases, Chris-
tianity, and to follow its practices without being liable to any punishment therefor.
All that has previously been written, proclaimed, or published in China by
order of the Government against the Christian religion is completely abrogated and
remains null and void in all provinces of the empire.
Art. XIV.—Xo privileged commercial society shall henceforward be established
in China, and the same shall apply to any organised coalition having for its end the
exercise of a monopoly of trade. In case of the contravention of the present article
the Chinese Authorities, on the representations of the Consul or Consular Agent,
shall advise as to the means of dissolving such associations, of which they are also
bound to prevent the existence by the preceding prohibitions, so as to remove all that
may stand in the way of free competition.
Art. XV,—When a French vessel arrives in the waters of one of the ports open
to foreign trade she shall be at liberty to engage any pilot to take her immediately
into the port, and, in the same manner, when, having discharged all legal charges
she shall be ready to put to sea, she shall not be refused pilots to enable her to
leave the port without hindrance or delay.
Any individual who wishes to exercise the profession of pilot for French vessels
may, on the presentation of three certificates from captains of ships, be commissioned
by the French Consul in the same manner as shall be in use with other nations.
The remuneration payable to pilots shall be equitably regulated for each parti-
cular port by the Consul or Consular Agent, who shall fix it, having regard to the
distance and circumstances of the navigation.
Art. XVI.—After the pilot has brought a French trading ship into the port,
the Superintendent of Customs shall depute one or two officers to guard the ship and
prevent fraud. These officers may, according to their convenience, remain in their
own boat or stay on board the ship.
Their pay, food, and expenses shall be a charge on the Chinese Customs, and
they shall not demand any fee or remuneration whatever from the captain or consignee.
Every contravention of this provision shall entail a punishment proportionate to the
amount exacted, which also shall be returned in full.
Art. XVII.—Within the twenty-four hours following the arrival of a French
merchant vessel in one of the ports open to foreign trade, the captain, if he be not
unavoidably prevented, and in his default the supercargo or consignee, shall report
at the French Consulate and place in the hands of the Consul the ship’s papers, the
bills of lading, and the manifest. Within the twenty-four hours next following the
Consul shall send to the Superintendent of Customs a detailed note indicating the
name of the vessel, the articles, the tonnage, and the nature of the cargo; if, in
consequence of the negligence of the captain this cannot be accomplished within the
forty-eight hours following the arrival of the vessel, the captain shall be liable to a
penalty of 50 Dollars for each day’s delay, to the profit of the Chinese Government,
but the said penalty shall in no case exceed the sum of 200 Dollars.
76 TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
Immediately after the reception of the consular note the Superintendent of
Customs shall give a permit to open hatches. If the captain, before having received
the said permit, shall have opened hatches and commenced to discharge, be may
be fined 500 Dollars, and the goods discharged may he seized, the whole to the profit
of the Chinese Grovernment.
Art. XVIII.—French captains and merchants may hire whatever boats and
lighters they please for the transport of goods and passengers, and the sum to be
paid for such boats shall be settled between the parties themselves, without the
intervention of the Chinese authority, and consequently without its guarantee in case
of accident, fraud, or disappearance of the said boats. The number of these boats
shall not be limited, nor shall a monopoly in respect either of the boats or of the
carriage of merchandise by porters be granted to any one.
Art. XIX.—Whenever a French merchant shall have merchandise to load or
discharge he shall first remit a detailed note of it to the Consul or Consular Agent,
who will immediately charge a recognised interpreter to the Consulate to communicate
it to the Superintendent of Customs. The latter shall at once deliver a permit for
shipping or landing the goods. He will then proceed to the verification of the goods
in such manner that there shall be no chance of loss to any party.
The French merchant must cause himself to be represented (if he does not prefer
to attend himself) at the place of the verification by a person possessing the requisite
knowledge to protect his interest at the time when the verification for the liquida-
tion of the dues is made; otherwise any after claim will be null and of no effect.
With respect to goods subject to an ad valorem duty, if the merchant cannot
agree with the Chinese officers as to their value, then each party shall call in two or
three merchants to examine the goods, and the highest price which shall be offered
by any of them shall be assumed as the value of the said goods.
Duties shall be charged on the net weight; the tare will therefore be deducted.
If the French merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officer on the amount
of tare, each party shall choose a certain number of chests and bales from among the
goods respecting which there is a dispute; these shall be first weighed gross, then
fared and the average tare of these shall be taken as the tare for all the others.
If during the course of verification any difficulty arises which cannot be settled,
the French merchant may claim the intervention of the Consul, who will immediately
bring the subject of dispute to the notice of the Superintendent of Customs, and both
will endeavour to arrive at an amicable arrangement, but the claim must be made
within twenty-four hours; otherwise it will not receive attention. So long as the
result of the dispute remains pending, the Superintendent of Customs shall not enter
the matter in his boobs, thus leaving every latitude for the examination and solution
of the difficulty.
On goods imported which have sustained damage a reduction of duties propor-
tionate to their depreciation shall be made. This shall be equitably determined, and,
if necessary, in the manner above stipulated for the fixing of ad valorem duties.
Art. XX.—Any vessel having entered one of the ports of China, and which has
not yet used the permit to open hatches mentioned in Article XIX., may within two
days of arrival quit that port and proceed to another without having to pay either
tonnage dues or Customs duties, but will discharge them ultimately in the port where
sale of the goods is effected.
Art. XXI,—It is established by common consent that import duties shall be
discharged by the captains or French merchants after the landing and verification
of the goods. Export duties shall in the same manner be paid on the shipment of
the goods. When all tonnage dues and Customs duties shall have been paid in full
by a French vessel the Superintenent of Customs shall give a general aquittance, on
the exhibition of which the Consul shall return the ship’s papers to the captain and
pennit him to depart on his voyage. The Superintendent of Customs shall name
one or several banks, which shall be authorised to receive the sum due by French
merchants on account of the Government, and the receipts of these banks for all
payments which have been made to them shall be considered as receipts of the
TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA 7T
Chinese Government. These payments may be made in ingots or foreign moneyr
the relative value of which to sycee shall be determined by agreement between the
Consul or Consular Agent and the Superintendent of Customs in the different ports,
according to time, place, and circumstances.
Art. XXII.—*After the expiration of the two days named in Art. XX., and
before proceeding to discharge her cargo, every vessel shall pay tonnage-dues accord-
ing to the following scale :—Vessels of one hundred and fifty tons and upwards at
the rate of four mace per ton; vessels of less than one hundred and fifty tons mea-
surement at the rate of one mace per ton.
Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China for any other of the
open ports, or trading between China and such ports in Cochin-China as belong to
France, or any port in Japan, shall be entitled, on application of the master, to
a special certificate from the Superintendent of Customs, on exhibition of which
the said vessel shall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage-dues in any
open port of China for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of
her port-clearance ; but after the expiration of four months she shall be required to
pay tonnage-dues again.
Small French vessels and boats of every class, whether with or without sails,,
shall be reckoned as coming within the category of vessels of one hundred and fifty
tons and under, and shall pay tonnage-dues at the rate of one mace per ton once in
every four months.
Native craft chartered by French merchants shall in like manner pay tonnage-
dues once in every four months.
Art. XXIII.*—All French goods, after having discharged the Customs duties
according to the tariff in one ot the ports of China, may be transported into the interior
without being subjected to any fui'ther charge except the transit dues according to
the amended scale now in force, which dues shall not be augmented in the future.
If the Chinese Customs Agents, contrary to the tenour of the present Treaty,
make illegal exactions or levy higher dues, they shall be punished according to the
laws of the empire.
Art. XXIV.—Any French vessel entered at one of the ports open to foreign
trade and wishing to discharge only a part of its goods there, shall pay Customs dues
only for the part discharged; it may transport the remainder of its cargo to another
port and sell it there. The duty shall then be paid.
French subjects having paid in one port the duties on their goods, wishing to
re-export them and send them for sale to another port, shall notify the Consul or
Consular Agent. The latter shall inform the Superintendent of Customs, who, after
having verified the identity of the goods and the perfect integrity of the packages,
shall send to the claimants a declaration attesting that the duties on the said goods
have been paid. Provided with this declaration, the French merchants on their
arrival at the other port shall only have to present it through the medium of the
Consul or Superintendent of Customs, who will deliver for this part of the cargo,
without deduction or charge, a permit for discharge free of duty ; but if the autho-
I rities discover fraud or anything contraband amongst the goods re-exported, these
shall be, after verification, confiscated to the profit of the Chinese Government.
Art. XXV.—Transhipment of goods shall take place only by special permission
and in case of urgency; if it be indispensable to effect this operation, the Consul
shall be referred to, who will deliver a certificate, on view of which the transhipment
shall be authorised by the Superintendent of Customs. The latter may always
delegate an employe of his administration to be present.
Every unauthorised transhipment, except in case of peril by delay, will entail
the confiscation, to the profit of the Chinese Government, of the whole of the goods
illicitly transhipped.
Art. XXVI.—In each of the ports open to foreign trade the Superintendent of
Customs shall receive for himself, and shall deposit at the French Consulate, legal
Substituted for the
78 TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
•scales for goods and silver, the weights and measures agreeing exactly with the
weights and measures in use at the Canton Custom-house, and hearing a stamp and
seal certifying this authority. These scales shall he the base of all liquidations ol
•duties and of all payments to be made to the Chinese Government. They shall he
referred to in case of dispute as to the weights and measures of goods, and the decree
shall be according to the results they show.
Art. XXVII.—Import and export duties levied in China on French commerce
shall be regulated according to the tariff annexed to the present Treaty under the
seal and signature of the respective Plenipotentiaries. This tariff may be revised
every seven years in order to he in harmony with the changes brought about by time
in the value of the products of the soil or industry of the two empires.
By the payment of these duties, the amount of which it is expressly provided
shall not be increased nor augmented by any kind of charge or surtax whatever,
French subjects shall be free to import into China, from French or foreign ports, and
equally to export from China, to any destination, all goods which shall not be, at the
date of the signing of the present Treaty and according to the classification of the
annexed tariff, the object of a special prohibition or of a special monopoly. The
Chinese Government renouncing therefore the right of augmenting the number of
articles reputed contraband or subjects of a monopoly, any modification of the
tariff shall be made only after an understanding has been come to with the French
Government and with its full and entire consent.
With regard to the tariff, as well as every stipulation introduced or to be in-
troduced in the existing Treaties, or those which may hereafter be concluded, it
remains well and duly established that merchants and in general all French subjects
in China shall always have the same rights and be treated in the same way as the
most favoured nation.
Art. XXVIII.—The publication of the regular tariff doing away henceforth with
all pretext for smuggling, it is not to be presumed that any act of this nature may
be committed by French vessels in the ports of China. If it should be otherwise,
all contraband goods introduced into these ports by French vessels or merchants
whatever their value or nature, as also all prohibited goods fraudulently discharged,
shall be seized by the local authority and confiscated to the profit of the Chinese
Government. Further, the latter may, if it see fit, interdict the re-entry to China of
the vessel taken in contravention and compel it to leave immediately after the settle-
ment of its accounts.
If any foreign vessel fraudulently makes use of the French flag the French
Government shall take the necessary measures for the repression of this abuse.
Art. X.5IX.—His Majesty the Emperor of the French may station a vessel of war
in any principal port of the empire where its presence may be considered necessary to
maintain good order and discipline amongst the crews of merchant vessels and to
facilitate the exercise of the Consular authority; all necessary measures shall be taken
to provide that the presence of these vessels of war shall entail no inconvenience, and
their commanders shall receive orders to cause to be executed the provisions of
Article XXXIII. in respect of the communications with the land and the policing
of the crews. Vessels of war shall be subject to no duty.
Art. XXX.—Every French vessel of war cruising for the protection of commerce
shall be received as a friend and treated as such in all the ports of China which it
shall enter. These vessels may there procure the divers articles of refitting and
victualling of which they shall have need, and, if they have suffered damage, may
repair there and purchase the materials necessary for such repair, the whole without
the least opposition.
The same shall apply to French trading ships which in consequence of great
damage or any other reason may be compelled to seek refuge in anv port whatsoever
of China.
If a vessel be wrecked on the coast of China, the nearest Chinese authority, on
being informed of the occurrence, shall immediately send assistance to the crew,
provide for their present necessities, and take the measures immediately necessary
TREATY BETWEEN- FRANCE AND CHIVA. 7»
for the salvage of the shif> and the preservation of the cargo. The whole shall then
be brought to the knowledge of the nearest Consul or Consular Agent, in order that
the latter, in concert with the competent authority, may provide means for the
relief of the crew and the salvage of the debris of the ship and cargo.
Art. XXXI.—Should China be at war with another Power, this circumstance
shall not in any way interfere with the free trade of France with China or with the
opposing nation. French vessels may always, except in the case of effective blockade,
sail without obstacle from the ports of the one to the ports of the other, trade in the
ordinary manner, and import and export every kind of merchandise hot prohibited.
Art. XXXII.—Should sailors or other persons desert from French ships-of-war,
or leave French trading vessels, the Chinese authority, on the requisition of the
Consul, or failing the Consul that of the captain, shall at once use every means to
discover and restore the aforesaid fugitives into the hands of one or the other of them.
In the same manner, if Chinese deserters or persons accused of any crime take
refuge in French houses or on board of French vessels, the local authority shall
address the Consul, who, on proof of the guilt of the accused, shall immediately take
the measures necessary for their extradition. Each party shall carefully "avoid
concealment and connivance.
Art. XXXIII.—When sailors come on shore they shall be under special dis-
ciplinary regulations framed by the Consul and communicated to the local authority,
in order to prevent as far as possible all occasion of quarrel between French sailors
and the people of the country.
Art. XXXIV.—In case of French trading vessels being attacked or pillaged by
pirates within Chinese waters, the civil and military authorities of the nearest place,
upon learning of the occurrence, shall actively pursue the authors of the crime and
shall neglect nothing to secure their arrest and punishment according to law. The
pirated goods, in whatever place or state they may be found, shall be placed in the
hands of the Consul, who shall restore them to the owners. If the criminals cannot
be seized, or the whole of the stolen property cannot be recovered, the Chinese officials
shall suffer the penalty inflicted by the law in such circumstances, but they shall not
be held pecuniarily responsible.
Art. XXXV.—When a French subject shall have a complaint to make or claim
to bring against a Chinese, he shall first state his case to the Consul, who, after
having examined the affair, will endeavour to arrange it amicably. In the same
manner, when a Chinese has to complain of a French subject, the Consul shall
attentively hear his claim and endeavour to bring about an amicable arrangement.
But if in either case this be impossible, the Consul shall invoke the assistance of a
competent Chinese official, and these two, after having conjointly examined the affair
shall decide it equitably.
Art. XXXVI.—If hereafter French subjects suffer damage, or are subjected
to any ’ insult or vexation by Chinese subjects, the latter shall be pursued by the
local authority, who shall take the necessary measures for the defence and pro-
tection of French subjects ; if ill-doers or any vagrant part of the population com-
mence to pillage, destroy, or burn the houses or warehouses of French subjects or
any other of their establishments, the same authority, either on the requisition of the
Consul or of its own motion, shall send as speedily as possible an armed force to
disperse the riot and to arrest the criminals, and shall deliver the latter up to the
severity of the law; the whole without prejudice of the claims of the French subjects
to be indemnified for proved losses.
Art. XXXVII.—If Chinese become, in future, indebted to French captains or
merchants and involve them in loss by fraud or in any other manner, the latter shall
no longer avail themselves of the combination which existed under the former state
of things; they may address themselves only through the medium of their Consul to
the local authority, who shall neglect nothing after having examined the affair to
compel the defaulters to satisfy their engagements according to the laws of the
country. But, if the debtor cannot be found, if he be dead, or bankrupt, and is not
able to pay, the French merchants cannot claim against the Chinese authority.
*0 TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
Id case of fraud or non-payment on the part of French merchants, the Consul
shall, in the same manner, afford every assistance to the claimants, but neither he
nor his Government shall in any manner be held responsible.
Art. XXXVIII.—If unfortunately any fight or quarrel occurs between French
And Chinese subjects, as also if during the course of such quarrel one or more persons
be killed or wounded, by firearms or otherwise, the Chinese shall be arrested by the
•Chinese authority, who will be responsible, if the charge be proved, for their punish-
ment according to the laws of the country. With regard to the French, they shall
be arrested at the instance of the Consul, who shall take the necessary measures that
they may be dealt with in the ordinary course of French law in accordance with the
-forms and practice which shall be afterwards decided by the French. Government.
The same course shall be observed in all similar circumstances not enumerated
in the present convention, the principle being that for the repression of crimes and
offences committed by them in China French subjects shall be dealt with according
to the laws of France.
Art. XXXIX.—Disputes or differences arising between French subjects in China
shall, equally, be settled by the French authorities. It is also stipulated that the
Chinese authorities shall not in any manner interfere in any dispute between French
■subjects and other foreigners. In the same way they shall not exercise any authority
over French vessels; these are responsible only to the French authorities and the
captain.
Art. XL.—If the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of the French shall
consider it desirable to modify any of the clauses of the present Treaty it shall lie at
liberty to open negotiations to this effect with the Chinese Government after an
interval of ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications. It is also
-understood that no obligation not expressed in the present convention shall be
imposed on the Consuls or Consular Agents, nor on their nationals, but, as is
stipulated, French subjects shall enjoy all the rights, .privileges, immunities, and
guarantees whatsoever which have been or shall be accorded by the Chinese Govern-
ment to other Powers.
Art. XLI.—His Majesty the Emperor of the French, wishing to give to His
Majesty the Emperor of China a proof of his friendly sentiments, agrees to stipulate
in separate Articles, having the same force and effect as if they were inserted in the
present Treaty, the arrangements come to between the two Governments on the
matters antecedent to the events at Canton and the expense caused by them to the
Government of His Majesty the Emperor of the French.
Art. XLII.—The ratifications of the present Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and
Navigation shall be exchanged at Peking within one year after the date of signature,
or sooner if possible.
After the exchange of ratifications, the Treaty shall be brought to the
knowledge of all the superior authorities of the Empire in the provinces and in the
capital, in order that its publication may be well established.
In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty
and affixed their seals thereto.
Done at Tientsin, in four copies, this twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of
grace one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, corresponding to the seventeenth
•day of the fifth moon of the eighth year of Hien Fung.
(Signed) [l.s.] Babon Geos.
„ [l.s.] Kwei-Liano.
„ [l.s.] Hwashana.
CONVENTION BETWEEN ERANCE AND CHINA
Signed at Peking, 25th October, 1860
His Majesty the Emperor of the French and His Majesty the Emperor of China
being desirous to put an end to the difference which nas arisen between the two
'Empires, and to re-establish and assure for ever the relations of peace and amity which
fbefore existed and which regrettable events have interrupted, have named as their
respective Plenipotentiaries:—
His Majesty the Emperor of the French, Sieur Jean Baptiste Louis, Baron Gros,
Senator of the Empire, Ambassador and High Commissioner of France in China,
Grand Officer of the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour, Knight Grand Cross
of several Orders, etc., etc., etc.;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Prince Kung, a member of the Imperial
Family and High Commissioner ;
Who, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have
agreed upon the following Articles :—
Art. I.—His Majesty the Emperor of China has regarded with pain the conduct
of the Chinese military authorities at the mouth of the Tientsin river, in the month of
June last yeai’, when the Ministers Plenipotentiary of France and England arrived
there on their way to Peking to exchange the ratifications of the Treaties of Tientsin.
Art. II.—When the Ambassador, the High Commissioner of His Majesty the
Emperor of the French, shall be in Peking for the purpose of exchanging the ratifica-
tions of the Treaty of Tientsin, he shall be treated during his stay in the capital with
• the honours due to his rank, and all possible facilities shall be given him by the
Chinese Authorities in order that he may without obstacle fulfil the high mission
confided to him.
Art. III.—The Treaty signed at Tientsin on the 27th June, 1858, shall be faith-
fully placed in execution in all its clauses immediately after the exchange of the
i ratifications referred to in the preceding Article, subject to the modifications introduced
by the present Convention.
Art. IV.—Article IV. of the Secret Treaty of Tientsin, by which His Majesty the
Emperor of China undertook to pay to the French Government an indemnity of two
million Taels, is annulled and replaced by the present Article, which increases the
amount of the indemnity to eight million Taels.
It is agreed that the sum already paid bv the Canton Customs on account of the
sum of two million Taels stipulated by the Treaty of Tientsin shall be considered as
having been paid in advance and on account of the eight million Taels referred to in
• the present Article.
The provisions of the Article of the Secret Treaty of Tientsin as to the mode of
• payment of the two million Taels are annulled. Payment of the remainder of the sum
of eight million taels to be paid by the Chinese Government as provided by the present
Convention shall be made in quarterly instalments consisting of one-fifth of the gross
Customs revenues at the ports open to foreign trade, the first term commencing on
the 1st October of the present year, and finishing on the 31st December following.
This sum, specially reserved for the payment of the indemnity due to France, shall be
• paid into the hands of the Minister for France or of his delegates in Mexican dollars
or in bar silver at the rate of the day of payment.
COXVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
A sum of five hundred thousand Taels shall, however, be paid on account i»
advance at one time, and at Tientsin, on the 30th November next, or sooner if the-
Chinese Government judges it convenient.
A Mixed Commission, appointed by the Minister of France and by the Chinese-
Authorities, shall determine the rules to be followed in effecting the payment of the-
whole of the indemnity, the verification of the amount, the giving of receipts, and in
short fulfilling all the formalities required in such case.
Art. V.—The sum of eight million Taels is allowed to the French Government to
liquidate the expenses of its armament against China, as also for the indemnification
of French subjects and proteges of France who sustained loss by the burning of the-
factories at Canton, and also to compensate the Catholic missionaries who have
suffered in their persons or property. The French Government will divide this sum
between the parties interested, after their claims shall have been legally established,
ia satisfaction of such claims, and it is understood between the contracting parties
that one million of Taels shall be appropriated to the indemnification of French subjects-
or proteges of France for the losses they have sustained or the ti-eatment to which
they have been subjected, and that the remaining seven million Taels shall be applied
to the liquidation of the expenses occasioned by the war.
Art. VI.—In conformity with the Imperial edict issued on the 20th March, 1856,
by the August Emperor Tao Kwang, the religious and charitable establishments which
have been confiscated during the persecutions of the Christians shall be restored to
their proprietors through the Minister of France in China, to whom the Imperial
Government will deliver them, with the cemeteries and edifices appertaining to them.
Art. VII.—The town and port of Tientsin, in the province of Pechili, shall be-
opened to foreign trade on the same conditions as the other towns and ports of the
Empire where such trade is permitted, and this from the date of the signature of the
present Convention, which shall be obligatory on the two nations without its being
necessary to exchange ratifications, and which shall have the same force as if it were-
inserted word for word in the Treaty of Tientsin.
The French troops now occupying this town shall, on the payment of the five-
hundred thousand taels provided by Article IV. of the present Convention, evacuate
it and proceed to occupy Taku and the north-east coast of Shantung, whence they
shall retire on the same conditions as govern the evacuation of the other points
occupied on the shores of the Empire. The Commanders-in-Chief of the French force
shall, however, have the right to winter their troops of all arms at Tientsin, if they
judge it convenient, and to withdraw them only when the indemnities due by the*
Chinese Government shall have been entirely paid, unless the Commanders-in-*Chief
shall think it convenient to withdraw them before that time.
Art. VIII.—It is further agreed that when the present Convention shall have
been signed and the ratifications of the Treaty of Tientsin exchanged, the French
forces which occupy Chusan shall evacuate that island, and that the forces before
Peking shall retire to Tientsin, to Taku, to the north coast of Shantung, or to
the town of Canton, and that in all these places or in any of them the French
Government may, if it thinks fit, leave troops until such time as the total sum of
eight million taels shall have been fully paid.
Art. IX.—It is agreed between the high contracting parties that when the
ratifications of the Treaty of Tientsin shall have been exchanged an Imperial edict
shall order the high authorities of all the provinces to permit any Chinese who wishes-
to go to countries beyond the sea to establish himself there or to seek his fortune, to
embark himself and his family, if he so wishes, on French ships in the ports of the
empire open to foreign trade. It is also agreed, in the interest of the emigrants, to
ensure their entire freedom of action and to safeguard their rights, that the competent
Chinese authorities shall confer with the Minister of France in China for the making
of regulations to assure for these engagements, always voluntary, the guarantees of
morality and security which ought to govern them.
TEEATY BETWEEN FEANCE AND CHINA 83
Art. X.—It is well understood between the contracting parties that the tonnage
•dues which by error were fixed in the French Treaty of Tientsin at five mace per ton
'for vessels of 150 tons and over, and which in the Treaties with England and the
United States signed in 1858 were fixed at four mace only, shall not ‘exceed this
same sum of four mace, and this without the invocation of the last paragraph of
Art. XXXII. of the Treaty of Tientsin, which gives to France the formal right to
claim the same treatment as the most favoured nation.
The present Convention of Peace has been made at Peking, in four copies, on the
:25th October, 1860, and has been signed by the respective plenipotentiaries.
TREATY OE PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, AND COMMERCE
BETWEEN PRANCE AND CHINA
Signed at Tientsin, 9th June, 1885
The President of the French Eepublic and His Majesty the Emperor of China,
each animated by an equal desire to bring to an end the difficulties which have
:,given rise to their simultaneous intervention in the affairs of Annam, and wishing to
-re-establish and improve the relations of friendship and commerce which previously
existed between France and China, have resolved to conclude a new Treaty to further
-the common interest of both nations on the basis of the preliminary Convention
-signed at Tientsin on the 11th May, 1884, and ratified by an Imperial decree of the
13th April, 1885.
For that purpose the two high contracting parties have appointed as their Pleni-
potentiaries the following, that is to say •.—
The President of the French Republic, M. Jules Patenotre, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary for France in China, Officer of the Legion of Honour,
Grand Cross of the Swedish Order of the Pole Star, &c., &c.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li Hung-chang, Imperial Commissioner,
Senior Grand Secretary of State, Grand Honorary Preceptor of the Heir Presumptive;
Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Ports, Governor-General of the Province
of Chihli, of the First degree of the Third Order of Nobility, with the title of Sou-yi;
Assisted by Hsi Chen, Imperial Commissioner, Member of the Tsung-li Yamen,
President of the Board of Punishments, Administrator of the Treasury at the Ministry
of Finance, Director of Schools for the Education of Hereditary Officers of the
Left Wing of the Yellow Bordered Banner ;
And Teng Chang-su, Imperial Commissioner, Member of the Tsung-li Yamen,
Director of the Board of Ceremonies ;
Who, having communicated their full powers, which have been found in good
and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles:—
Art. I.—France engages to re-establish and maintain order in those provinces of
Annam which border upon the Chinese empire. For this purpose she will take the
necessary measures to disperse or expel the bands of pirates and vagabonds who
endanger the public safety, and to prevent their collecting together again. Nevertheless,
- the French troops shall not, under any circumstances, cross the frontier which separates
84 TREATY BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA
Tonkin from China, which frontier France promises both to respect herself and to
guarantee against any aggression whatsoever.
On her part China undertakes to disperse or expel such bands as may take refuge
in her provinces bordering on Tonkin and to disperse those which it may be attempted
to form there for the purpose of causing disturbances amongst the populations placed
under the protection of France ; and, in consideration of the guarantees which have
been given as to the security of the frontier, she likewise engages not to send troops
into Tonkin.
The high contracting parties will fix, by a special convention, the conditions under
which the extradition of malefactors between China and Annam shall be carried out.
The Chinese, whether colonists or disbanded soldiers, who reside peaceably in
Annam, supporting themselves by agriculture, industry, or trade, and whose conduct
shall give no cause of complaint, shall enjoy the same security for their persons and
property as French proteges.
Art. II.—China, being resolved to do nothing which may imperil the work of
pacification undertaken by France, engages to respect, both in the present and in
the future, the Treaties, Conventions, and Arrangements concluded directly between
France and Annam, or which may hereafter be concluded.
As regards the relations between China and Annam, it is understood they shall
be of such a nature as shall in no way injure the dignity of the Chinese empire or
give rise to any violation of the present Treaty.
Art. III.—Within a period of six months from the signature of the present
Treaty commissioners appointed by the high contracting parties shall proceed to the
spot in order to define the frontier between China and Tonkin. They shall place
landmarks wherever necessary to render the line of demarcation clear. In those
cases where they may not be able to agree as to the location of these landmarks or on
such rectifications of detail as it may be desirable to make, in the interest of the two-
nations, in the existing frontier of Tonkin, they shall refer the difficulty to their
respective Governments.
Art. IV.—When the fi’ontier shall have been agreed upon, French or French
proteges and foreign residents of Tonkin who may wish to cross it in order to enter
China shall not be allowed to do so unless they shall have previously provided them-
selves with passports issued by the Chinese frontier authorities on the requisition of
the French authorities. For Chinese subjects an authorisation given by the Imperial
frontier authorities shall be sufficient.
Chinese subjects wishing to proceed from China to Tonkin by the land route
shall be obliged to provide themselves with regular passports, issued by the French
authorities on the requisition of the Imperial authorities.
Art. V.—Import and export trade shall be permitted to French or French-
protected traders and to Chinese traders across the land frontier between China and
Tonkin. It shall, however, be carried on through certain spots which shall be
settled later, and both the selection and number of which shall correspond with the
direction and importance of the traffic between the two countries. In this respect
the Regulations in force in the interior of the Chinese Empire shall be taken into
account.
In any case, two of the said spots shall be marked out on the Chinese frontier,
the one above Lao-kai, the other beyond Lang-son. French traders shall be at
liberty to settle there under the same conditions, and with the same advantages, as
in the ports open to foreign ti’ade. The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of
China shall establish Custom-houses there, and the Government of the French Republic
shall be at liberty to maintain Consuls there whose powers and privileges shall be
identical with those of Agents of the same rank in the open ports.
On his part, His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be at liberty, with the
concurrence of the French Government, to appoint Consuls in the principal towns of
TEE ATT BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA 85
Art. VI.—A special code of Regulations, annexed to the present Treaty, shall
define the conditions under which trade shall be carried on by land between Tonkin
and the Chinese provinces of Yunnan, of Kwang-si, and of Kwang-tung. Such
Regulations shall be drawn up by Commissioners, who shall be appointed by the
high contracting parties, within three months from the signature of the present
Treaty.
All goods dealt with by such trade shall be subject, on import and. export
between Tonkin and the provinces of Yunnan and Kwang-si, to duties lower than,
those laid down by the present tariff for foreign trade. The reduced tariff shall
not, however, be applied to goods transported by way of the land frontier between
Tonkin and Kwang-tung, and shall not be enforced within the ports already open
by Treaty.
Trade in arms, engines, supplies, and munitions of war of any kind whatsoever
shall be subject to the Laws and Regulations issued by each of the contracting
States within its own territory.
The export and import of opium shall be governed by special arrangements to
be inserted in the above-mentioned code of Regulations.
Trade by sea between China and Annam shall likewise be dealt with by a separate
code of Regulations. In the meanwhile, the present practice shall remain unaltered.
Art. VII.—With a view to develop under the most advantageous conditions the
relations of commerce and of good neighbourship, which it is the object of the present
Treaty to re-establish between France and China, the Government of the Republic
shall construct roads in Tonkin, and shall encourage the construction of railways
there.
When China, on her part, shall have decided to construct railways, it is agreed
that she shall have recourse to French industry, and the Government of the Republic
shall afford every facility for procuring in France the staff that may be required. It
is, moreover, understood that this clause shall not be looked upon as constituting an
exclusive privilege in favour of France.
Art. VIII.—The commercial stipulations of the present Treaty and the Regula-
tions to be agreed upon shall be liable to revision after an interval of ten complete
years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty. But
in case six months before it expires neither one nor other of the high contracting
parties shall have expressed a wish to proceed to a revision, the commercial stipula-
tions shall remain in force for a fresh period of ten years, and so further in like
manner.
Art. IX.—As soon as the present Treaty shall have been signed, the French
forces shall receive orders to retire from Keelung and to cease search, &c., on the high
seas. Within one month from the signature of the pi'esent Treaty the Island of
Formosa and Pescadores shall be entirely evacuated by the French troops.
Art. X.—All stipulations of former Treaties, Agreements, and Conventions
between France and China, which are not modified by the present Treaty, remain in
full force.
The present Treaty shall be ratified at once by His Majesty the Emperor of China,
and after it shall have been ratified by the President of the French Republic the
exchange of ratifications shall take place at Peking with the least possible delay.
Done in quadruplicate at Tientsin, this ninth day of June, one thousand eight
hundred and eighty-five, corresponding to the twenty-seventh day of the fourth moon
of the eleventh year of Kwang-Hsu.
(Signed) [l.s.] Patenotre.
[l.s.] Hsi Chen.
[l.s.] Li HtiNG-CHANcn
[l.s.] Teng Chang-su.
TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
JOINTLY DETERMINED ON BY FRANCE AND CHINA
Signed at Peking, 25th April, 1886
l'Tremulated from the French Text]
Whereas in Article VI. of the Treaty between the President of the French Re-
(public and His Majesty the Emperor of China, signed the 9th day of June, 1885, it is
.stated that “ Regulations for the conduct of overland trade between Tonkin and the
Chinese provinces of Yunnan, Kwang-si, and Kwang-tung shall be jointly discussed and
concluded by Commissioners appointed by the two Powers, and will form a supple-
ment to the present Treaty”; and whereas in Article X. of that Agreement it is
; set forth that “ provisions of former Treaties and Regulations agreed to by France
and China, except in so far as they are modified by the present agreement, will continue
•to retain their original validity,” the two high contracting parties have for this
purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:—
The President of the French Republic, G. Cogordan, Minister Plenipotentiary
of France to China, Officer of the Legion of Honour, Knight of the Order of the Crown
of Italy, &c., &c., together with E. Bruwaert, Consul of the first class, Assistant
Commissioner for Treaty negotiations, Knight of the Order of Gustav of Sweden, and
of the Order of Leopold of Belgium ;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li, Grand Preceptor of the Heir Ap-
parent, Grand Secretary of State, Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Seaboard,
Joint Commissioner of Admiralty, Governor of Chihli, and a member of the first
degree of the Third Order of the Hereditary Nobility, with the title of Sou-yi;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, and
found them to be in due form, have concluded the following Articles:—
Art. I.—In accordance with the terms of Article V. of the Treaty of the 19th
June, 1885, the high contracting parties agree that for the present two places shall
be opened to trade, one to the north of Langson and the other above Lao-kai. China
will establish Custom-houses there, and France shall have the right to appoint
Consuls, who shall enjoy all rights and privileges conceded in China to the Consuls
. of the most favoured nation.
The work of the Commission charged with the delimitation of the two countries
not being completed at the time of the signature of the present Convention, the place
to be opened to trade north of Langson shall be selected and determined in the
course of the present year by arrangement between the Imperial Government and the
representative of France at Peking. As to the place to be opened to trade above
Lao-kai, this will also be determined by common accord when the frontier between
the two countries shall have been defined.
Art. II.—The Imperial Government may appoint Consuls at Hanoi and at
Haiphong. Chinese Consuls may also be sent later on to other large towns in
Tonkin by arrangement with the French Government.
TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER Sf
The agents shall be treated in the same manner and have the same rights and
privileges as the Consuls of the most favoured nation in France. They shall maintain
official relations with the French, authorities charged with the Protectorate.
Art. III.—It is agreed, on the one side and the other, that in the places where
Consuls are appointed the respective authorities will facilitate the installation of these
agents in suitable residences.
Frenchmen may establish themselves in the places opened to trade on the frontier
of China under the conditions set forth in the Articles YII., X., XL, XII., and others
of the Treaty of the 27th June, 1858.
Annamites shall enjoy in these places the same privileged treatment.
Art. FV".—Chinese shall have the right of possessing land, erecting buildings,
opening commercial houses, and having warehouses throughout Annam.
They shall receive for their persons, their families, and their goods the same-
protection as the most favoured European nation, and, like the latter, may not be made
the object of any ill-treatment. The official and private correspondence and telegrams
of Chinese officials and merchants shall be freely transmitted through the French
postal and telegraphic administrations.
Frenchmen will receive from China the same privileged treatment.
Art. Y.—Frenchmen, French proteges, and foreigners residing in Tonkin may
cross the frontiers and enter China on condition of being furnished with passports.
These passports will be given by the Chinese authorities at the frontier, on the
requisition of the French authorities, who will ask for them only for respectable
persons; they will be surrendered to be cancelled on the holder’s return. In the case
of those who have to pass any place occupied by aborigines or savages, it will be
mentioned in the passport that there are no Chinese officials there who can protect
them.
Chinese who wish to come from China to Tonkin by land must in the same
way be furnished with passports granted by the French authorities on the requisition
of the Chinese authorities, who will ask for them only on behalf of respectable
persons.
The passports so granted on the one side or the other shall serve only as titles
to travel and shall not be considered as certificates of exemption from taxes for the
transport of merchandise.
Chinese authorities on Chinese soil and French authorities in Tonkin shall have
the right to arrest persons who have crossed the frontier without passports and send
them back to their respective authorities to be tried and punished if necessary.
Chinese residing in Annam may return from Tonkin to China on simply
obtaining from the Imperial authorities a pass permitting them to cross the
frontier.
Frenchmen and other persons established in the open places on the frontier may
travel without passports, to a distance of 50 li (578 metres to the li) around such
places.
Art. VI.—Merchandise imported into the places opened to trade on the frontier
of China by French merchants and French proteges may, after payment of the import
duties, be conveyed to the interior markets of China under the conditions fixed by
Rule VII. annexed to the Treaty of the 27th June, 1858, and by the general rules of
the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs with regard to import transit passes.
When foreign merchandise is imported into these places a declaration shall be
made at the Custom-house of the nature and quantity of the merchandise, as well as
of the name of the person by whom it is accompanied. The Customs authorities will
proceed to verification, and will collect the duty according to the general tariff of the
Imperial Maritime Customs, diminished by one-fifth. Articles not mentioned in the
tariff will remain subject to the duty of 5 per cent, ad valorem. Until this duty has
been paid the goods may not be taken out of the warehouses to be sent away and soldi1
A merchant wishing to send foreign merchandise into the interior shall make a
fresh declaration at the Custom-house, and pay, without reduction, the transit dues
fixed by the general rules of the Chinese Maritime Customs.
TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
After this payment the Customs will deliver a transit pass which will enable the
carriers to go to the localities mentioned in the pass for the purpose of disposing of
-the said merchandise.
Under these conditions, no new duties will be levied at the interior barriers or
ilelrin stations.
Merchandise for which transit passes have not been obtained will be liable to all
the barrier and leliin duties imposed upon indigenous products in the interior of the
country.
Art. VII.—Merchandise bought by Frenchmen and persons under French
.protection in the interior markets of China may be brought into the open places on
the frontier, for the purpose of being from thence exported to Tonkin, under the
conditions fixed by Rule VII. annexed to the Treaty of the 27th June, 1858, with
regard to the transit of merchandise for export.
When Chinese merchandise for export arrives at these places, declaration
shall be made at the Custom-house as to the nature and quantity of the merchandise,
as well as the name of the person accompanying it.
The Customs authorities will proceed to verification.
Such of this merchandise as shall have been bought in the interior by a merchant
furnished with a transit pass, and which consequently has not paid any lehin
or barrier duty, shall in the first place pay the transit duty fixed by the general
tariff of the Chinese Maritime Customs.
It shall then pay the export duty, diminished by one-third. Articles not named
in the tariff will remain subject to the duty of 5 per cent, ad valorem.
After payment of these duties the merchandise will be allowed to pass free, and
to be sent beyond the frontier.
The merchant who, not being furnished with a transit pass, has bought goods
in the interior, shall pay the duties levied at the barriers and lekin stations; receipts
shall be delivered to him, and on arriving at the Custom-house he shall be exempted
from payment of the transit dues on presentation of these receipts.
French merchants and persons under French protection importing or exporting
merchandise through the Customs offices on the frontiers of Yunnan and Kwangsi,
and Chinese merchants importing or exporting merchandise to or from Tonkin,
will not have to pay any toll on their carriages or beasts of burden. On the navigable
water-courses on the frontier, vessels may, on the one side and the other, be subjected
to the payment of tonnage-dues, conformably to the rules of the Maritime Customs
of the two countries.
As regards the provisions of the present Article and the preceding one, it is
agreed by the high contracting parties that if a new Customs tariff should be
established by common accord between China and a third Power, for trade by land
on the south-western frontiers of the Chinese Empire, France shall obtain the
application of it.
Art. VIII.—Foreign merchandise which, not having been sold within a period
of thirty-six months after having paid the import duty at one of the Chinese frontier
Customs stations, is forwarded to the other frontier Customs station, shall be
examined at the first of these stations, and if the wrappings are found intact, and
rf nothing has been disturbed or changed, a certificate of exemption for the amount
of the first duty collected will be given. The bearer of this certificate will deliver it
to the other frontier station,, in payment of the new duty which he will have to pay.
The Customs may in like manner give bonds which will be available for payment of
duties at the Custom-house by which they are issued any time within three years.
Money will never be returned.
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Neither willoritbonds given toat
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present there, in payment of duties, the quittances delivered by the frontier Customs
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TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
open ports, when once they have been p3-id, bonds or exeniption certificates will never
be given in respect of these.
Art. IX.—-Chinese merchandise which, after having paid transit and export dues
at one of the frontier Customs stations, may be sent to the other frontier Customs-
station to be sold, shall be subjected on its arrival at the second station only to a'
payment—called a re-importation duty—of one-half the export duty already collected.
The merchandise conformably to the rules established in the open ports may not be'
transported into the interior by foreign merchants.
If this Chinese merchandise be transported to one of the open ports of China, it
will be assimilated to foreign merchandise, and shall pay a new import duty in full,
conformably to the general tariff of the Imperial Maritime Customs.
This merchandise will be allowed to pay transit duty on being sent into the in--
terior. Chinese merchandise imported from a Chinese seaport into an Annamite port
in order to be transported to the land frontier and then to re-enter Chinese territory
will be treated as foreign merchandise and will pay the local import dues. This-
merchandise will be allowed to pay the transit duty on being sent into the interior.
Art. X.—Declarations to the Chinese Customs must be made within thirty-six
hours of the arrival of the goods under a penalty of Tls. 50 for each day’s delay; but
the fine shall not exceed Tls. 200. An inexact declaration of the quantity of the goods,
if it is proved that it has been made with the intention of evading payment of the
duties, will entail upon the merchant confiscation of his goods. Goods not provided
with a permit from the chief of the Customs, which are clandestinely introduced
by by-ways, and unpacked or sold, or which are intentionally smuggled, shall be-
entirely confiscated. In every case of false declaration or attempt to deceive the
Customs as regards the quality or the real origin or real destination of goods
'for which transit passes have been applied the goods shall be liable to con--
fiscation. The penalties shall be adjudged according to the conditions-and proce--
dure fixed by the Rules of 31st May, 1868. In all cases where confifecation shall
have been declared, the merchant shall be at liberty to recover his goods on payment-
of a sum equivalent to their value, to be duly settled by arrangement with'the Chinese
authorities. The Chinese authorities shall have every liberty to- devise measures to-
be taken in China, along the frontier, to prevent smuggling.
Merchandise descending or ascending navigable rivers in French, Annamite, or
Chinese vessels will not necessarily have to be landed at the frontier, unless there is-
an appearance of fraud, or a divergence between the nature of the cargo and the •
declaration of the manifest. The Customs will only send on board the said vessels-
agents to visit them.
Art. XI.—Produce of Chinese origin imported into Tonkin by the land frontier
shall pay the import duty of the Franco-Annamite tariff. They will pay no export"
duty on leaving Tonkin. The Imperial Government will be notified of the new
tariff which France will establish in Tonkin. If taxes of excise,-of consumption, or
of guarantee be established in Tonkin on any articles of indigenous production,
similar Chinese productions will be subjected, on importation.', to equivalent taxes.
Art. XII.—Chinese merchandise transported across Tonkin from one of the
two frontier Customs stations to the other, or to an Annamite port to be from thence
exported to China, shall be subjected to a specific transit duty which shall not exceed-
two per cent, of the value. At the point where' it leaves Chinese territory this
merchandise will be examined by the French Customs authorities on the frontier,
who will specify its nature, quantity, and destination in a certificate which shall be
produced whenever required by the French authorities during its transport across
Tonkin, as well as at the port of shipment.
In order to guarantee the Franco-Annamite Customs against any possible fraud,
such Chinese produce, on entering Tonkin, shall pay the import duty.
A transit permit will accompany the goods to the place of leaving the country,
whether this be the port of transhipment or the land frontier, and the sum paid by
the proprietor of the merchandise will, after deducting the transit dues, be then
restored to him in exchange for the receipt delivered to Mm by the Tonkin Customs,'-
.90 TRADE REGULATIONS FOR THE TONKIN FRONTIER
Every false declaration or act evidently intended to deceive the French admini-
stration as to the quality, quantity, real origin, or real destination of merchandise
.on which the special treatment applicable to Chinese products traversing Tonkin in
•transit is asked, will entail the confiscation of such merchandise. In every case
where confiscation has been declared, the merchant shall be free to recover his goods
on payment of a sum equivalent to their value, which shall be duly determined by
an arrangement with the French authorities. .
The same rules and the same transit duty will be applicable in Annam to Chinese
merchandise despatched from a Chinese port to an Annamite port in order to get to
the Chinese frontier Customs by crossing Tonkin.
Art. XIII.—The following articles, that is to say, gold and silver ingots, foreign
money, flour, Indian meal, sago, biscuits, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese,
butter, confectionery, foreign clothing, jewellery, plated ware, perfumery, soaps of all
kinds, charcoal, firewood, candles (foreign), tobacco, wine, beer, spirits, household
.stores, ship’s stores, personal baggage, stationery, carpeting, cutlery, drugs, foreign
medicines, and glassware, shall be verified by the Chinese Customs on their entry
.and clearance; if they are really of foreign origin and intended for the personal
use of foreigners, and if they arrive in moderate quantity, a duty exemption certificate
will be given which will pass them free at the frontier. If these articles are withheld
from declaration or the formality of an exemption certificate, their clandestine intro-
duction will render them subject to the same penalty as smuggled goods.
With the exception of gold, silver, money, and luggage, which will remain exempt
from duty, the above-mentioned articles destined for the personal use of foreigners
.and imported in moderate quantity, will pay, when they are transported into the
interior of China a duty of 2-2- per cent, on their value.
The Franco-Annamite frontier Customs shall collect no duty on the following
.articles of personal use which Chinese carry with them, either on entering or leaving
Tonkin, that is to say, money, luggage, clothes, women’s head ornaments, paper,
thair pencils, Chinese ink, furniture, or food, or on articles ordered by the Chinese
Consuls in Tonkin for their personal consumption.
Art. XIV.—The high contracting parties agree to prohibit trade in and trans-
port of opium of whatsoever origin by the land frontier between Tonkin on the one
side and Yunnan, Kwang-si, and Kwangtung on the other side.
Art. XV.—The export of rice and of cereals from China is forbidden. The
import of these articles shall be free of duty.
The import of the following articles into China is forbidden :—Gunpowder, pro-
jectiles, rifles and guns, saltpetre, sulphur, lead, spelter, arms, salt, and immoral
publications.
In case of contravention these articles shall be entirely confiscated.
If the Chinese authorities have arms or munitions bought or if merchants
receive express authority to buy them, the importation will be permitted under the
special surveillance of the Chinese Customs. The Chinese authorities may, further-
more, by arrangement with the French Consuls, obtain for the arms and munitions
which they wish to have conveyed to China through Tonkin exemption from all the
.Franco-Annamite duties.
The inti'oduction into Tonkin of arms, munitions of war, and immoral publica-
tions is also prohibited.
Art. XVI.—Chinese residing in Annam shall be placed under the same condi-
tions, with regard to criminal, fiscal, or other jurisdiction, as the subjects of the most
favoured nation. Law-suits which may arise in China, in the open markets on the
frontier, between Chinese subjects and Frenchmen or Annamites shall be decided in
:a Mixed Court by Chinese and French officers.
With reference to crimes or offences committed by Frenchmen or persons under
French protection in China, in the places opened to trade, the procedure shall be in
conformity with the stipulations of Articles XXXIII. and XXXIV. of the treatv of
the 27th June, 1858.
CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA, 1887 91
Art. XVII.—If in the places opened to trade on the frontier of China, Chinese
deserters or persons accused of crimes against the Chinese law shall take refuge in
the houses or on board the vessels of Frenchmen or persons under French protection,
the local authority shall apply to the Consul, who, on proof of the guilt of the accused,
shall immediately take the necessary measures in order that they may be given upr
and delivered to the regular course of the law.
Cliinese guilty or accused of crimes or offences who seek refuge in Annara shall,
on the request of the Chinese authorities and on proof of their guilt, be sought for,
arrested, and extradited in all cases where the subjects of the countries enjoying the
most liberal treatment in the matter of extradition might be extradited from France.
Frenchmen guilty or accused of crimes or offences, who seek refuge in China,
shall, at the request of the French authorities and on proof of their guilt, be arrested
and delivered up to the said authorities to be tried according to the regular process
of law.
On both sides all concealment and connivance shall be avoided.
Art. XVIII.—In any difficulty not provided for in the preceding provisions-
recourse shall be had to the rules of the Maritime Customs, which, in conformity
with existing Treaties, are now applied in the open towns or ports.
In case these rules are insufficient the representatives of the two countries
shall reier the matter to their respective Governments.
In accordance with the terms of Article VIII. of the treaty of the 9th June,
1885, the present stipulations may be revised ten years after the exchange of the'
ratifications.
Art. XIX.—The present Convention of Trade, after having been ratified by the'
Governments, shall be promulgated in France, in China, and in Annam.
The exchange of the ratifications shall take place at Peking within one year from1
the date of the signature of the Convention, or earlier if possible.
Done at Tientsin, in four copies, the 25th April, 1886, corresponding to the 22nd
day of the third moon of the twelfth year of Kwang Hsu.
(Signed) [l.s.] G. Cogordan.
„ [l.s.] E. Bruwaert.
„ [l.s.] Li Hung-chang.
CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA, 18S7"
[Translated from the Chinese Text]
His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China and the President of the French’
Republic, desiring to strengthen the commercial relations between the two countries,
and also to ratify and give effect to the Treaty signed at Tientsin on the 25th April,
1886, have appointed Plenipotentiaries to take the necessary steps thereto. H.I.M.
the Emperor of China has specially appointed H.I.H. Prince Ching, and H.E. Sun
Yu-wen, member of the Tsung-li Yamen and Vice-President of the Board of Works.
The President
ex-Minister of theof Interior,
the Republic has appointed
and Minister His Excellency
Plenipotentiary Constans,
in China. Who,Deputy,
having
exchanged their full powers and established their authenticity in due form, have
agreed on the following Articles:—
Art. I.—Such Articles of the Treaty signed at Tientsin as are not affected by this-
Convention shall on the exchange of the ratifications be put in force at once.
<92 CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA, 1SH7
Art. II.—Whereas it was agreed by the Treaty of 1886 that Lungchow iu Kwaugsi
and Mengtzu in Yunnan should be opened to trade, and whereas Manghao, which
lies between Paosheng and Mengtzu, is in the direct road between the two places by
water, it is agreed that this also should be opened to trade on the same conditions as
the other ports, and that a deputy of the Consul at Mengtzu shall be allowed to
reside there.
Art. III.—In order to develop the trade between China and Tonkin as rapidly
as possible the tariff rules laid down in Articles VI. and VII. of the Treaty of 1886
are temporarily altered, and it is agreed that foreign goods imported to Yunnan and
Kwangsi from"Tonkin shall pay 70 per cent, of the import duties collected by the
-Customs at the Coast Ports in China, and that produce exported from China to Ton-
kin shall pay 60 per cent, of the export duties in force at the Treaty Ports.
Art. IV.—Chinese produce which has paid import duties under Art. XI. of the
Treaty of 1886, and is transported through Tonkin to a port of shipment in Cochin-
China, shall, if exported thence to any other place than China, pay export duties accord-
ing to the Franco-Annamite tariff.
Art. V.—Trade in Chinese native opium by land is allowed on payment of an
export duty of Tls. 20 per picul, but French merchants or persons under French pro-
tection may only purchase it at Lungchow, Mengtzu, and Manghao, but no more than
Tls. 20 per picul shall be exacted from the Chinese merchants as inland dues. When
opium is sold the seller shall give the buyer a receipt showing that the inland dues
have been paid, which the exporter will hand to the Customs when paying export duty.
It is agreed that opium re-imported to China by the Coast Ports cannot claim the
privileges accorded other re-imports of goods of native origin.
Art. VI.—French and Tonkinese vessels other than men-of-war and vessels
carrying troops and Government stores plying on the Songkat and Caobang Rivers
between Langshan and Caobang shall pay a tonnage due of 5 candareens per ton at
Lungchow. but all goods on board shall pass free. Goods may be imported to China
by the Songkat and Caobang Rivers or overland by the Government road, but until
-the Chinese Government establishes Custom-houses on the frontier goods taken
overland must not be sold at Lungchow until they have paid duty there.
Art. VII.—It is agreed that should China enter into treaties with regard to com-
mercial relations on her. southern and south-western frontiers all privileges accorded
by her to the most favoured nation are at once without farther formality accorded to
France.
Art. VIII.—The above Articles having been agreed to and translated into
•Chinese, H.I.H. the Prince on behalf of China and H.E. the Minister on behalf of
France have signed duplicate copies and affixed their seals hereto.
Art. IX.—When the ratifications of this Convention and of the Treaty of 1886
-shall have been exchanged they shall be put in force as if they were one Treaty.
Art. X.—The ratifications of the Convention shall be exchanged at Peking
when the assent of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China and of His Excellency
dhe President of the French Republic shall have been signified.
Signed at Peking on the 26th June, 1887.
E. CONSTANS.
Pkince Chi’ng.
Son Yu-wen.
ADDITIONAL CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND
CHINA
Signed at Peking, 20th June, 1895
Art. I.—It is agreed, to assure the policing of the fiontier, that the French
‘Government will have the right of maintaining an agent of the Consular order at
Toughing opposite Monkay on the frontier of Kwantung. A further regulation
-will determine the conditions under which these should be exercised in accordance
with the French and Chinese authorities and the communal police of the Sino-
Annamite frontier.
Art. II.—Article II. of the Convention, signed at Peking, June 26th, 1887, is
modified and completed as follows:—It is agreed between the high contracting
parties that the town of Lungchow in Kwangsi and that of Mengtse in Yunnan
are open to French-Anuamite commerce. It is intended besides that the port
open to commerce on the river route of Laokay to Mengtse will no longer be
Manhao, but Hokow, and that the French Government have the right of maintaining
at Hokow an agent under the Consul at Mengtse, at the same time the Chinese
Government can maintain a Customs agent.
Art. III.—It is agreed that the town of Szemao in Yunnan shall be open !o
Trench-Annamite commerce, like Lungchow and Mengtse, and that the French
Government will have the right as in the other open port of maintaining a Consul
; .at the same time that the Chinese Government can maintain a Customs agent. The
’ local authorities will emplov themselves to facilitate the installation of the French
I -Consul in the proper residence. Frenchmen and protected French subjects may
I -establish themselves at Szemao under conditions of the Articles VII., X., XI., and XII.,
and others of the Treaty of June 27th, 1858; also by Article III. of the Convention of
i April 25th, 1886. Goods destined for China can be transported by the rivers,
| particularly the Loso and the Mekong as well as by land routes, and particularly by
; the Mandarin-road, which leads either from Mongle or Ipang to Szemao and Puerh,
I -the duties which these goods will be subject to being paid at Szemao.
Art. IV.—Article IX. of the Commercial Convention of April 25th, 1886, is
modified as follows:—(1) Chinese goods in transit from one of the other four towns
i open to commerce on the frontier, Lungchow, Mengtse, Szemao, and Hokow, in
i passing by Annam, will pay on leaving the reduced duties of four-tenths. A
-special certificate will be delivered stating the payment of this duty, and destined
-to accompany the goods. When they have come to another town they shall be
exempt from payment and import duty. (2) Chinese goods which shall be exported
from the four above-named localities and transported to Chinese ports, maritime
| or fluvial, open to commerce, shall be freed on leaving the frontier by payment of
| the reduced export duty of four-tenths. A special certificate will be delivered
j stating the payment of this duty, and destined to accompany the goods. When
they shall arrive at one of the ports, maritime or fluvial, open to commerce, tuey
shall be freed the half-duty of re-importation in conformity with the general
I rule for all such goods in the maritime or fluvial ports open to commerce.
(3) Chinese goods which shall be transported from Chinese ports, maritime or
fluvial, open to commerce, by way of Annam, towards the four above-named
localities, shall be freed on leaving of all duty. A special certificate will be
94 ADDITIONAL CONVENTION BETWEEN FRANCE AND CHINA, 1895
delivered, stating the payment of this duty, and destined to accompany the goods.
When they shall have arrived at one of the frontier Customs they shall be freed-*
on entry by half duty of re-importation based on the reduction of four-tenths.
(4) The Chinese goods above mentioned, accompanied by the special certificate
above mentioned, shall be, before passing the export Customs, or after passing
Customs re-importation, submitted to the regulations governing native Chinese-
goods.
Art. Y.—It is understood that China, for the exploitation of its mines in the-
provinces of Yunnan, Kwangsi, and Kwangtung, will address itself, in the first
instance, to French commerce and engineers, the exploitation remaining otherwise
subject &) the rules and the edicts by the Imperial Government which affects-
national industry. It is understood that railways already in existence or projected
in Annam can, after mutual agreement, and under conditions to be defined, be
prolonged on Chinese territory.
Art. VI.—Article II. of the Telegraphic Convention between France and China,
signed at Chefoo, December 1, 1888, is completed as follows:—D.—A union shall be-
established between the secondary prefecture of Szemao and Annam by two stations*
which , shall be Szemao in, China and Mu,ang Hahin in Annam, midway between
Laichow and Luang Prabang. The tariff shall be fixed in conformity with Article
VI. of the Telegraphic Convention of Chefoo.
Art. VII. —It is agreed that the commercial stipulations contained in the present
Convention being of a special nature, and the result of mutual concessions deter-
mined by the necessities of the relations between Lungchow, Hokow, Mengtse,
Szemao, and Annam, the advantages which result therefrom cannot be invoked by
the subjects and protected subjects of the two high contracting parties, but on these
points as well as on the fluvial and land ways here determined of the frontier.
Art. VIII.—The present stipulations shall be put in force as if they were in-
serted in the text of the additional Convention of June 26th, 1887.
Art. IX.—The terms of former Treaties, Agreements, and Conventions between
France and China not modified by the present Treaty remain in full force. The pre-
sent complementary Convention shall be ratified immediately by His Majesty the
Emperor of China, and after it has been ratified by the President of the French
Kepublic the exchange of ratifications shall be made at Peking with the least delay
possible.
Done at Peking in four copies, June twentieth, one thousand eight hundred and
ninety-five, corresponding to the twenty-eighth day of the fifth moon of the twenty-
first year Kwang Hsu.
(Signed) A. Gerard.
„ Chino.
GERMANY
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
Signed in the German, French and Chinese Languages at Tientsin,
2nd September, 1861
Ratifications Exchanged at Shanghai, \4dh January, 1863
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation between the States of the German
•Customs Union, the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-
Strelitz, and the free Hanseatic Towns of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg on the one
part, and China on the other part.
His Majesty the King of Prussia, for himself, as also on behalf of the other
members of the German Zollverein, that is to say:—The Crown of Bavaria, the
Crown of Saxony, the Crown of Hanover, the Crown of Wurtemburg, the Grand
Duchy of Baden, the Electorate of Hesse, the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Duchy
of Brunswick, the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the
Grand Duchy of Saxony, the Duchies of Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-
Coburg Gotha, the Duchy of Nassau, the Principalities Waldeck and Pyrmont,
the Duchies Anhalt, Dessau, Koethen, and Anhalt Bernburg, the Principalities
Lippe, the Principalities Schwarzburg Sondershausen and Schwarzburg Budolfstadt,
Reuss the Elder Line, and Reuss the Younger Line, the Free City of Frankfort, the
Grand Baillewick Meisenheim of the Landgravate Hesse, the Baillewick Hamburg
of the Landgravate Hesse, also the Grand Duchies Mecklenburg-Schwerin and
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the Senates of the Hanseatic Towns, Lubeck, Bremen, and
Hamburg, of the one part, and His Majesty the Emperor of China of the other part,
being sincerely desirous to establish friendly relations between the said States and
China, have resolved to confirm the same by a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce,
mutually advantageous to the subjects of both high contracting parties, and for that
purpose have named for their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:—
His Majesty the King of Prussia, Frederick Albert Count of Eulenburg,
Chamberlain, His Majesty’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary,
Knight of the Red Eagle,Knight of St. John, etc., etc., etc.; and His Majesty the
Emperor of China, Cheong-meen, a member of the Imperial Ministry of Foreign
Affairs at Peking, Director-General of Public Supplies, and Imperial Commissioner ;
and Chong-hee, Honorary Under-Secretary of State, Superintendent of the three
Northern Ports, and Deputy Imperial Commissioner, who, after having communicated
to each other their respective full powers, and found the same in good and due form,
have agreed upon the following articles:
Art. I.—There shall be perpetual peace and unchanging friendship between the
contracting States. The subjects of both States shall enjoy full protection of person
and property.
Art. II.—His Majesty the King of Prussia may, if he see fit, accredit a diplomatic
agent to the Court of Peking, and His Majesty the Emperor of China may, in like
manner, if he see fit, nominate a diplomatic agent to the Court of Berlin.
The diplomatic agent nominated by His Majesty the King of Prussia shall also
represent the other contracting German States, who shall not be permitted to be
represented at the Court of Peking by diplomatic agents of their own. His Majesty
the Emperor of China hereby agrees that the diplomatic agent so appointed by His
Majesty the King of Prussia may, with his family and establishment, permanently
reside at the capital, or may visit it occasionally, at the option of the Prussian
Government.
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
Art. III.—The diplomatic agents of Prussia and China shall, at their respective-
residences, enjoy ..the privileges, and immunities accorded to them by international law
Their persons, their families, their residence, and their correspondence shall be held
inviolable. They shall be at liberty to select and appoint their own officers, courtiers,
interpreters, servants, and attendants* without any kind of molestation.
All expenses occasioned by the diplomatic missions shall be borne by the respective-
Governments.
The Chinese Government agrees to assist His Prussian Majesty’s diplomatic
agent, upon his arrival at the capital, in selecting and renting a suitable house and!
other buildings.
Art. IY.—-The contracting German States may appoint a Consul-General, and
for each port or city opened to foreign commerce a Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular'
Agent, as their interests may require.
These officers shall be treated with due respect by the Chinese authorities, and
enjoy the same privileges and immunities as the Consular officers of the most favoured
nations.
In the event of the absence of a German Consular Officer, the subjects of the
contracting German States shall be at liberty to apply to the Consul of a friendly
Power, or in case of need to the Superintendent of Customs, who shall use all efforts
to secure to them the privileges of this Treaty.
Art. V.—All official communications addressed by the diplomatic agents of Hi»
Majesty the King of Prussia, or by the Consular officers of the contracting German
States, to the Chinese authorities, shall be written in German. At present and until
otherwise agreed, they shall be accompanied by a Chinese translation; but it is hereby
mutually agreed that, in the event of a difference of meaning appearing between the
German and Chinese texts, the German Government shall be guided by the sense-
expressed in the German text.
In like manner shall all official communications addressed by the Chinese autho-
rities to the Ambassadors of Prussia, or to the Consuls of the contracting German.
States, be written in Chinese, and the Chinese authorities shall be guided by this-
text. It is further agreed that the translations may not he adduced as a proof in-
deciding difference.
In order to avoid future differences, and in consideration that all diplomatists of
Europe are acquainted with the French language, the present Treaty has been executed
in the German, the Chinese, and the French languages. All these versions have the
same sense and signification; but the French text shall be considered the original
text of the Treaty, and shall decide wherever the German and Chinese versions differ.
Art. YI.—The subjects of the contracting German States may, with their
families, reside, frequent, and carry on trade or industry in the ports, cities, and towns
of Canton, Swatow or Chao-chow, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, Shanghai, Tangchow or
Chefoo, Tientsin, Newchwang,Chinkiang, Kiukiang; Hankow, Kiungchow (Hainan),
and at Taiwan and Tamsui in the Island of Formosa. They are permitted to
proceed to and from these places with their vessels and merchandise, and within
these localities to purchase, rent, or let houses or land, build, or open churches,,
churchyards, and hospitals.
Art. VII.—Merchant vessels belonging to any of the contracting German States'
may not enter other ports than those declared open in this Treaty. They must not,,
contrary to law, enter other ports, or carry on illicit trade along the coast. All vessels-
detected in violating this stipulation shall, together with their cargo, be subject to-
confiscation by the Chinese Government.
Art. VIII.—Subjects of the contracting German States may make excursions in
the neighbourhood of the open ports to a distance of one hundred li, and for a time
not exceeding five days.
Those desirous of proceeding into the interior of the country must be provided
with a passport, issued by their respective Diplomatic or Consular authorities, and
countersigned
be exhibited. by the local Chinese authorities. These passports must upon demand
TREAT7 BETWEEN- PRUSSIA AND CHINA 9T
The Chinese authorities shall be at liberty to detain merchants and travellers
subjects of any of the contracting- German States, who may have lost their passports
until they have procured new ones, or-to convey them to the next Consulate, but they
shall not be permitted to subject them to ill-usage or allow them to be ili-used.
It is, however, distinctly understood that no passport may be given to places at
present occupied by the rebels until peace has been restored.
Art. IX.—-The subjects of the contracting German States shall be permitted to
engage compradores, interpreters, writers, workmen, sailors, and servants from any
part of China, upon a remuneration agreed to by both parties, as also to hire boats for
the transport of persons and merchandise. They shall also be permitted to engage-
Chinese for acquiring the Chinese language or dialects, or to instruct them in foreign
languages. There shall be no restriction in the purchasing of German or Chinese books.
Art. X.—Persons professing or teaching the Christian religion shall enjoy fulh
protection of their persons and property, and be allowed free exercise of their religion.
Art. XI.—Any merchant-vessel of any of the contracting German States arriving
at any of the open ports shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to take
her to port. Tn like manner, after she has discharged all legal dues and duties, and
is ready to take her departure, she shall be permitted to select a pilot to conduct her
out of port,.
Art. XII.—Whenever a vessel belonging to any of the contracting German States
has entered a harbour, the Superintendent of Customs may, if he see fit, depute one
or more Customs officers to guard the ship, and to see that no merchandise is
smuggled. These officers shall live in a boat of their own, or stay on board the ship,
as may best suit their convenience. Their salaries, food, and expenses shall be defrayed
by the Chinese Customs authorities, and they shall not be entitled to any fees whatever
from the master or consignee. Every violation of this regulation shall be punished
proportionally to the amount exacted, which shall be returned in full.
Art. XIII.—Within twenty-four hours after the arrival of the ship, the-
master, unless he be prevented by lawful causes, or in his stead the supercargo or the-
consignee, shall lodge in the hands of the Consul the ship’s papers and copy of tlm
manifest.
Within a further period of twenty-four hours the Consul will report to the
Superintendent of Customs the name of the ship, the number of the crew, her
registered tonnage, and the nature of the cargo.
If owing to neglect on the part of the master the above rule be not complied
with within forty-eight hours after the ship’s arrival he shall be liable to a fine of
fifty Dollars for every day’s delay; the total amount of penalty, however, shall not
exceed two hundred Dollars.
Immediately after the receipt of the report, the Superintendent of Customs shall
issue a permit to open hatches.
If the master shall open hatches and begin to discharge the cargo without said)
permit, he shall be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, and the goods
so discharged without permit shall be liable to confiscation.
Art. XIV.—Whenever a merchant, a subject of any of the contracting German
States, has cargo to land or ship, he must apply to the Superintendent of Customs for-
a special permit. Merchandise landed or shipped without such permit shall be subject
to forfeiture.
Art. XV.—The subjects of the contracting German States shall pay duties on
all goods imported or exported by them at the ports open to foreign trade according
to the tariff appended to this Treaty ; but in no case shall they be taxed with higher
duties than, at present or in future, subjects of the most favoured nations are liable to.
The commercial stipulations appended to this Treaty shall constitute an integral
part of the same, and shall therefore be considered binding upon both the high con-
tracting parties.
Art. XVI.—With respect to articles subject to an ad valorem duty, if the
German merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officers as to their value, then each
party shall call in two or three merchants to examine and appraise the goods, and
4
TKEATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
the highest price at which any of these merchants may declare himself willing to
purchase them shall be assumed as the value of the goods.
Art. XVII.—Duties shall be charged upon the net weight ot each article; tare
■therefore to be deducted. If the German merchant cannot agree with the Chinese
officers on the exact amount of tare, then each party shall choose from among the
goods respecting which there is a difference a certain number of chests or bales,
which being first weighed gross, shall afterwards be tared and the tare fixed accord-
ingly. The average tare upon these chests or bales shall constitute the tare upon the
whole lot of packages.
Art. XVIII.—If in the courses of verification there arise other points of dispute,
which cannot be settled, the German merchant may appeal to his Consul, who will
communicate the particulars of the differences of the case to the Superintendent of
•Customs, and both will endeavour to bring about an amicable arrangement. But
the appeal to the Consul must be made within twenty-four hours, or it will not be
attended to.
As long as no settlement be come to, the Superintendent of Customs shall not
enter the matter at issue in his books, in order that a thorough investigation and the
final settlement of the difference be not prejudiced.
Art. XIX.—Should imported goods prove to be damaged, a fair reduction of
duty shall be allowed, in proportion to their deterioration. If any disputes arise,
they shall be settled in the same manner as agreed upon in Art. XVI. of this Treaty
having reference to articles which pay duty ad valorem.
Art. XX.—Any merchant vessel belonging to one of the contracting German
States having entered any of the open ports, and not yet opened hatches, may quit
the same within forty-eight hours after her arrival, and proceed to another port, with-
out being subject to the payment of tonnage-dues, duties, or any other fees or charges;
but tonnage-dues must be paid after the expiration of the said forty-eight hoars.
Art. XXL—Import duties shall be considered payable on the landing of the
-goods, and duties of export on the shipping of the same. When all tonnage-dues and
duties shall have been paid, the Superintendent of Customs shall give a receipt in full
(port-clearance), which being produced at the Consulate, the Consular officer shall
then return to the captain the ship’s papers and permit him to depart on the voyage.
Art. XXII.—The Superintendent of Customs will point out one or more bankers
authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the duties on his behalf. The
receipts of these bankers shall be looked upon as given by the Chinese Government
itself. Payment may be made in bars or in foreign coin, whose relative value to the
Chinese sycee silver shall be fixed by special agreement, according to circumstances,
between the Consular officers and the Superintendent of Customs.
Art. XXIII.—Merchant-vessels belonging to the contracting German States of
more than one hundred and fifty tons burden shall be charged four mace per ton;
merchant-vessels of one hundred and fifty tons and under shall be charged at the
rate of one mace per ton.
The captain or consignee having paid the tonnage-dues the Superintendent of
Customs shall give them a special certificate, on exhibition of which the ship shall be
exempted from all further payment of tonnage-dues in any open port of China which
the captain may visit for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of
the port clearance mentioned in Art. XXI.
Boats employed by subjects of the contracting German States in the conveyance
of passengers, baggage, letters, articles of provisions, or articles not subject to duties
shall not be liable to tonnage dues. Any boat of this kind, however, conveying
merchandise subject to duty, shall come under the category of vessels under one
hundred and fifty tons, and pay tonnage-dues at the rate of one mace per register ton.
Art. XXIV.—Goods on which duties have been paid in any of the ports open to
foreign trade, upon being sent into the interior of the country, shall not be subject to
any but* transit duty. The same shall be paid according to the tariff now existing,
and may not be raised in future. This also applies to goods sent from the interior
ot the country to any of the open ports.
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
All transit duties on produce brought from the interior to an}' of the open ports,
or importations sent from any of the open ports into the interior of China, may be-
paid once for all.
If any of the Chinese officers violate the stipulations of this Article by demanding
illegal or higher duties than allowed by law, they shall be punished according to
Chinese law.
Art. XXV.—If the master of a merchant vessel belonging to any of the
contracting German States, having entered any of the open ports, should wish to land
only a portion of his cargo, he shall only pay duties for the portion so landed. He
may take the rest of the cargo to another port, pay duties there, and dispose of the
same.
Art. XXVI.—Merchants of any of the contracting German States, who may have
imported merchandise into any of the open ports and paid duty thereon, if they desire
to re-export the same, shall be entitled to make application to the Superintendent of
Customs, who shall cause examination to be made to satisfy himself of the identity of
the goods and of their having remained unchanged.
On such duty-paid goods the Superintendent of Customs shall, on application of
the merchant wishing to export them to any other open port, issue a certificate
testifying to the payment of all legal duties thereon.
The Superintendent of Customs of the port to which such goods are brought
shall, upon presentation of said certificate, issue a permit for the discharge and
landing of them free of all duty, without any additional exactions whatever. But if,
on comparing the goods with certificate, any fraud on the revenue be detected,
then the goods shall be subject to confiscation.
But if the goods are to be exported to a foreign port, the Superintendent of
Customs of the port from which they are exported shall issue a certificate stating
that the merchant who exports the goods has a claim on the Customs equal to the
amount of duty paid on the goods. The certificate shall be a valid tender to the
Customs in payment of import or export duties.
Art. XXVII.—No transhipment from one vessel to another can be made without
special permission of the Superintendent of Customs, under pain of confiscation of
the goods so transhipped, unless it be proved that there was danger in delaying the
transhipment.
Art. XXVIII.—Sets of standard weights and measures, such as are in use at the
Canton Custom-house, shall be delivered by the Superintendent of Customs to the
Consul at each port open to foreign trade. These measures, weights, and balances
shall represent the ruling standard on which all demands and payments of duties are
made, and in case of any dispute they shall be referred to.
Art. XXIX.—Penalties enforced or confiscations made for violation of this
Treaty, or of the appended regulations, shall belong to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXX.—Ships-of-war belonging to the contracting German States cruising
about for the protection of trade, or being engaged in the pursuit of pirates, shall be
at liberty to visit, without distinction, all ports within the dominions of the Emperor
of China. They shall receive every facility for the purchase of provisions, the
procuring of water, and for making repairs. The commanders of such ships shall
hold intercourse with the Chinese authorities on terms of equality and courtesy.
Such ships shall not be liable to payment of duties of any kind.
Art. XXXI.—Merchant vessels belonging to any of the contracting German
States, from injury sustained, or from other causes, compelled to seek a place of
refuge, shall be permitted to enter any port within the dominions of the Emperor of
China without being subject to the payment of tonnage dues or duties on the goods,
if only landed for the purpose of making the necessary repairs of the vessel, and
remaining under the supervision of the Superintendent of Customs. Should any such
vessel be wrecked or stranded on the coast of China, the Chinese authorities shall
immediately adopt measures for rescuing the crew and for securing the vessel and
cargo. The crew thus saved shall receive friendly treatment, and, if necessary, shall
be furnished with means of conveyance to the nearest Consular station.
4*
100 TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA
Art. XXXII.—If sailors or other individuals of ships-of-war or merchant
vessels belonging to any of the contracting Q-erman States desert their ships and take
refuge in the dominions of the Emperor of China, the Chinese authorities shall, upon
due requisition by the Consular Officer, or by the captain, take the necessary steps for
the detention of the deserter, and hand him overto the Consular officer or to the captain.
In like manner, if Chinese deserters or criminals take refuge in the houses or on
board ships belonging to subjects of the contracting German States, the local Chinese
authorities shall apply to the German Consular officer, who will take the necessary
measures for apprehending the said deserter or criminal, and deliver him up to the
■Chinese authorities.
Art. XXXIII.—If any vessel belonging to any of the contracting German States,
while within Chinese waters, be plundered by pirates, it shall be the duty of the
■Chinese authorities to use every means to capture and punish the said pirates, to
recover the stolen property where and in whatever condition it may be, and to hand
the same over to the Consul for restoration to the owner. If the robbers or pirates
■cannot be apprehended, or the property taken cannot be entirely recovered, the
Chinese authorities shall then be punished in accordance with the Chinese law, but
they shall not be held pecuniarily responsible,
Art. XXXIY.—If subjects of any of the contracting German States have any
occasion to address a communication to the Chinese authorities, they must submit
the same to their Consular officer, to determine if the matter be just, and the lan-
guage be proper and respectful, in which event he shall transmit the same to the proper
authorities, or return the same for alterations. If Chinese subjects have occasion to
address a Consul of one of the contracting German States, they must adopt the same
course, and submit their communication to the Chinese authorities, who will act in
like manner.
Art. XXXY.—Any subject of any of the contracting German States having reason
to complain of a Chinese must first proceed to the Consular officer and state his
grievance. The Consular officer, having inquired into the merits of the case, will
endeavour to arrange it amicably. In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to
complain of a subject of any of the contracting German States, the Consular officer
shall listen to his complaint and endeavour to bring about a friendly settlement. If
the dispute, however, is of such a nature that the Consul cannot settle the same
amicably, he shall then request the assistance of the Chinese authorities, that they
may conjointly examine into the merits of the case, add decide it equitably.
Art. XXXYI.—The Chinese authorities shall at all times afford the fullest
protection to the subjects of the contracting German States, especially when they are
exposed to insult or violence. In all cases of incendiarism, robbery, or demolition,
the local authorities shall at once dispatch an armed force to disperse the mob, to
apprehend the guilty, and to punish them with the rigour of the law. Those robbed
or whose property has been demolished shall have a claim upon the despoilers of
their property for indemnification, proportionate to the injury sustained.
Art. XXXVII.—Whenever a subject of His Majesty the Emperor of China fails
to discharge the debts due to a subject of one of the contracting German States, or
fraudulently absconds, the Chinese authorities, upon application by the creditor, will
do their utmost to effect his arrest and to enforce payment of the debt. In like
manner the authorities of the contracting German States shall do their utmost to
enforce the payment of debts of their subjects towards Chinese subjects, and to bring
to justice any who fraudulently abscond. But in no case shall either the Chinese
Government or the Government of the contracting German States be held responsible
for the debts incurred by their respective subjects.
Art. XXXVIII.—Any subject of His Majesty the Emperor of China, having
committed a crime against a subject of one of the contracting German States, shall be
apprehended by the Chinese authorities and punished according to the laws of China.
In like manner, if a subject of the contracting German States is guilty of a
c-mc against a subject of His Majesty the Emperor of China, the Consular officer
shall arrest him and punish him according to the laws of the State to which he belongs.
TREATY BETWEEN PRUSSIA AND CHINA 101
Art. XXXIX.—All questions arising between subjects of the contracting German
States in reference to the rights of property or person shall be submitted to the
jurisdiction of the authorities of their respective States. In like manner will the
Chinese authorities abstain from interfering in differences that may arise between
subjects of one of the contracting German States and foreigners.
Art. XL.—-The contracting parties agree that the German States and their
subjects shall fully and equally participate in all privileges, immunities, and ad-
vantages that have been, or may be hereafter, granted by His Majesty the Emperor
of China to the government or subjects of any other nation. All changes made in
favour of any nation in the tariff, in the Customs duties, in tonnage and harbour
dues, in import, export, or transit duties, shall, as soon as they take effect, imme-
diately, and without a new Treaty, be equally applied to the contracting German States
and to their merchants, shipowners, and navigators.
Art. XLI.—If in future the contracting German States desire a modification of any
stipulation contained in this Treaty, they shall be at liberty, after the lapse of ten years,
dated from the day of the ratification of this Treaty, to open negotiations to that effect.
Six months before the expiration of the ten years itmustbe officiallynotifiedtotheChinese
Government that modifications of the Treaty are desired, and in what these consist.
If no such notification is made the Treaty remains in force for another ten years.
Art. XLII.—The present Treaty shall be ratified and the ratifications be exchanged
within one year, dated from the day of signature, the exchange of the ratifications to
take place at Shanghai or Tientsin, at the option of the Prussian Government. Im-
mediately after the exchange of ratifications has taken place, the Treaty shall be brought
to the knowledge of the Chinese authorities, and be promulgated in the capital and
throughout the provinces of the Chinese Empire, for the guidance of the authorities.
In faith whereof we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the high contracting
Powers, have signed and sealed the present Treaty.
Done in four copies, at Tientsin, this second day of September, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, corresponding with the Chinese
date of the twenty-eighth day of the seventh moon of the eleventh year of Hien Fung,
(Signed) [l.s.] Count Eulenbubg.
„ [l.s.] Chong Meen.
,, [l-s,] Chong Hee.
Sepaeate Aeticle
In addition to a Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation concluded this
day between Prussia, the other States of the German Customs Union, the Grand
Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the Hanseatic towns of
Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg of the one part, and China of the other part, which
Treaty shall take effect after exchange of the ratifications within twelve months from
its signature, and which stipulates that His Majesty the King of Prussia may
nominate a diplomatic agent at the Court of Peking with a permanent residence at
that capital, it has been covenanted between the respective Plenipotentiaries of these
States that, owing to and in consideration of the disturbances now prevailing in China,
His Majesty the King of Prussia shall wait the expiration of five years after the
exchange of ratifications of this Treaty before he deputes a diplomatic agent to take
up his fixed residence at Peking.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have hereunto set their signa-
tures and affixed their seals.
Done in four copies at Tientsin, this second day of September, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, corresponding to the Chinese date
of the twenty-eighth day of the seventh moon of the eleventh year of Hien Fung.
(Signed) [l.s.] Count Eulenbueg.
[l.s.] Chong Meen.
[l.s.] Chong Hee.
102 SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA
Separate Article
In addition to a Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, concluded
between Prussia, the other States of the German Customs Union, the Grand Duchies
of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the Hanseatic towns of
Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg on the one part, and China on the other part:
It has been separately agreed that the Senates of the Hanseatic towns shall have
the right to nominate for themselves a Consul of their own at each of the Chinese
ports open for commerce and navigation.
This Separate Article shall have the same force and validity as if included word
for word in the above-mentioned Treaty.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this present
Separate Article and affixed their seals.
Done in four copies at Tientsin, the second day of September, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, corresponding to the Chinese date
of the twenty-eighth day of the seventh moon of the eleventh year of Hien Fung.
(Signed) [l.s.] Count Eulenburo.
„ [l.s.] Chong Meen.
„ [l.s.] Chong Hee.
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY
AND CHINA, 1880
Ratified IQth September, 1881
[Translated from the German Text]
His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia, &c., in the name of the
German Empire, and his Majesty the Emperor of China, wishing to secure the more
perfect execution of the Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861, have, in conformity with
Article XLI. of that Treaty, according to the terms of which the High Contracting
German States are entitled, after a period of ten years, to demand a revision of the
Treaty, decided to conclude a Supplementary Convention.
With this view they have appointed their Plenipotentiaries—viz., His Majesty
the German Emperor, King of Prussia, etc., his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, Max August Scipio von Brandt; and His Majesty the Emperor
of China, the Minister of the Tsung-li Yamen, the Secretary of State, etc., Shen
Kue-fen ; and the Secretary of State, etc., Chin Lien ;
Who, after communicating to each other their full powers, and finding them in
due form, have agreed upon the following Articles :—
Art. I.—Chinese Concession.—The harbours of Ichang, in Hupei; Wuhu, in
Anhui; Wenchow, in Chekiang; and Pakhao, in Kwangtung, and the landing-places
Tat'ung and Anking in Anhui; Huk‘ow, in Kiangsi; Wusueh, Luchikow, and Shah-
shih, in Hukuang, having already been opened, German ships are in future also to
be permitted to touch at the harbour of Woosung, in the province of Kiangsu, to take
in or discharge merchandise. The necessary Regulations are to be drawn up by the
Taotai of Shanghai and the competent authorities.
German Concession.—In the event of special regulations for the execution of
concessions which the Chinese Government may make to foreign Governments being
attached to such concessions, Germany, while claiming these concessions for herself
and for her subjects, will equallv assent to the regulations attached to them.
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA 103
Art. XI. of the Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861, is not affected by this
regulation, and is hereby expressly confirmed.
Should German subjects, on the strength of this Article, claim privileges, immu-
nities, or advantages which the Chinese Government may further concede to another
Power, or the subject of such Power, they will also submit to the regulations which
have been agreed upon in connection with such concession.
Art. II.—Chinese Concession.—German ships, which have already paid tonnage
dues in China, may visit all other open ports in China, as well as all ports not Chinese,
without exception, without being again obliged to pay tonnage dues, within the given
period of four months.
German sailing-vessels which remain in the same Chinese harbour for a longer
period than fourteen days shall only pay for time over and above this period half of
the tonnage dues stipulated by Treaty.
German Concession.—The Chinese Government shall have the right of appointing
Consuls to all towns of Germany in which the Consuls of other States are admitted,
and they shall enjoy the same rights and privileges as the Consuls of the most
favoured nation.
Art. III.—Chinese Concession.—The Chinese Commissioner of Customs, and the
other competent authorities, shall, after agreeing upon the necessary regulations,
themselves take measures for the establishment of bonded warehouses in all the open
ports of China in which they are required in the interests of foreign commerce, and
where local circumstances would admit of such an arrangement being made.
German Concession.—German ships visiting the open ports of China shall deliver
a manifest containing an exact statement as to the quality and quantity of their cargoes.
Mistakes which may have occurred in the manifests can be rectified in the course of
twenty-four hours (Sundays and holidays excepted). False statements as to the
quantity and quality of cargo are punishable by confiscation of the goods and also by
a fine, to be imposed upon the captain, but not to exceed the sum of Tls. 500.
Art. IY.—Chinese Concession.—The export duty on Chinese coal, exported by
German merchants from the open ports, is reduced to 3 mace per ton. In those
ports in which a lower duty on the export of coal has already been fixed upon the
lower duty remains in force.
German Concession.—Any one acting as pilot for any kind of craft whatever
without being furnished with the regulation certificate is liable to a fine not to
exceed Tls. 100 for each separate case.
Eegulations with a view to exercising a proper control over sailors are to be
introduced with the least possible delay.
Art. Y.—Chinese Concession.—German ships in want of repairs in consequence
■of damages sustained within or without the port are not required to pay tonnage
dues during the period necessary for repairs, which is to be fixed by the Inspectorate
of Customs.
German Concession.—Ships belonging to Chinese may not make use of the
German flag, nor may German ships make use of the Chinese flag.
Art. VI.—Chinese Concession.—In the event of German ships, no longer fit for
sea, being broken up in any open port of China, the material may be sold without
any import duty being levied upon it. But if the materials are to be brought ashore
a “permit of discharge” must first be obtained for them from the Customs Inspec-
torate, in the same manner as in the case of merchandise.
German Concession.—If German subjects travel into the interior for their own
pleasure without being in possession of a passport issued by the Consul and stamped
by the proper Chinese authority, the local authorities concerned are entitled to have
them taken back to the nearest German Consulate, in order that the requisite
supervision may be exercised over thorn. The offender is, in addition to this, liable
to a fine up to 300 Taels.
Art. YII.—Chinese Concession.—Materials for German docks are free of duty.
A list of articles which may be imported free of duty in conformity with this
stipulation is to be drawn up and published by the Inspector-General of Customs.
104 SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA
German Concession.—Passes issued to German subjects for conveying foreign
merchandise into the interior, as well as passports for the purpose of travelling
issued to German subjects, are only to remain in force for a period of thirteen Chinese
months from the day on which they were issued.
Art. VIII.—The settlement of the question relating to judicial proceedings in
mixed cases, the taxation of foreign merchandise in the interior, the taxation of
Chinese goods in the possession of foreign merchants in the interior, and intercourse
between foreign and Chinese officials are to become the subject1 of special negotiations,
which both Governments hereby declare themselves ready to enter upon.
Art. IX.—All the provisions of the former Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861,
which have not been altered by this agreement, are hereby confirmed anew, as both
parties now expressly declare.
In the cases of those Articles, on the other hand, which are affected by the
present Treaty, the new interpretation of them is to be considered as binding.
Art. X.—The present Supplementary Convention shall be ratified by their
Majesties, and the ratifications exchanged at Peking, within a year from the date of
its signature.
The provisions of the agreement come into force-on the day of the exchange of
the ratifications.
In witness whereof the plenipotentiaries of both the High Contracting Powers
have signed and sealed with their seals the above agreement in four copies, in the
German and Chinese texts, which have been compared and found to correspond.
Done at Peking the thirty-first March, one thousand eight hundred and
eighty, corresponding to the twenty-first day of the second moon of the sixth year
of Kwang Hsu.
(Signed) [l-s.] M. von Brandt.
„ [L.S.] Shen Kue-Fen..
„ [L.S.] Chtno Lien.
Special Stipulations to the Supplementary Convention
For the sake of greater clearness and completeness, it has seemed fitting to
append a number of special stipulations to the Supplementary Convention.
The following stipulations must be observed by the subjects of both the
contracting parties, in the same way as the stipulations of the Treaty itself. In
proof whereof the Plenipotentiaries of the two States have thereto set their seals and
signatures:—
in the1.—In accordance
province with the
of Kiangsu, newly-granted
German ships shallprivileges
be at libertyfor theto-port
takeof inWoosung
and to
unload there merchandise which is either intended for Shanghai or comes from
Shanghai; and for this purpose the competent authorities there shall have the right
of devising regulations in order to prevent frauds on the taxes and irregularities of
every kind ; which regulations shall be binding for the merchants of "both countries,T
German merchants are not at liberty to construct landing-places for ships, merchants
houses, or warehouses at the said place.
in the—An experiment
Chinese to ascertain
open ports whether
shall first bondedat warehouses
be made Shanghai. canForbethisestablished
purpose
the Customs Director at the said place, with the Customs Inspector-General, shall
forthwith draw up regulations suitable to the local conditions, and then the said
Customs Director and his colleagues shall proceed to the establishment of such bonded
warehouse.
. 3-—H
written any from
permit goodsthefound on board
Customs Officea isGerman
required,ship,arefornot the discharge
entered in the whereof
manifest.a
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA 105
this shall be taken as proof ©f a false manifest, no matter whether a certificate of
the reception of such goods on board, bearing the captain’s signature, be produced
or not.
4. —If a (German ship, in consequence of damages received in on
Chinese ports, or outside thereof, needs repair, the time required for such repair
shall be reckoned in addition to the term after the lapse of which tonnage-dues are
to be paid. The Chinese authorities have the right to make the necessary arrange-
ments for this purpose. But if it appears therefrom that this is only a pretext and
a design to evade the legal payments to the Customs, the ship therein concerned shall
be fined in double the amount of the tonnage-dues whereof it has tried to evade the
payment.
5. —No ships of any kind which belong to Chinese subjects are allo
use of the German flag. If there are definite grounds for suspicion that this has
nevertheless been done, the Chinese authority concerned is to address an official
communication thereon to the German Consul, and if it should be shown, in con-
sequence of the investigation instituted by him, that the ship was really not entitled
to bear the German flag, the ship as well as the goods found therein, so far as they
belong to Chinese merchants, shall be immediately delivered over to the Chinese
authorities for further disposal. If it be ascertained that German subjects were
aware of the circumstances, and took part in the commission of the irregularity, the
whole of the goods belonging to them found in the ship are liable to confiscation,
and the people themselves to punishment according to law.
In case a German ship carries the Chinese flag without authority to do so, then,
if it be ascertained through the investigation made by the Chinese authorities that
the ship was really not entitled to bear the Chinese flag, the ship, as well as the
goods found therein, so far as they belong to German merchants, shall be imme-
diately delivered over to the German Consul for further disposal and the punishment
of the guilty. If it be shown that German owners of goods were aware of the cir-
cumstance and took part in the commission of this irregularity, all the goods belong-
ing to them found in the ship shall incur the penalty of confiscation by the Chinese
authorities. The goods belonging to Chinese may be immediately seized by the
Chinese authorities.
6. —If on the sale of the materials of a German ship which, from
ness, has been broken up in one of the open Chinese ports, an attempt be made to
mix up with them goods belonging to the cargo, these goods shall be liable to con-
fiscation, and, moreover, to a fine equal to double the amount of the import duty which
they would otherwise have had to pay.
7. —If German subjects go into the interior with foreign goods, or
the passes or certificates issued to them shall only be valid for thirteen Chinese
months, reckoned from the day of their issue, and after the lapse of that term must no
longer be used. The expired passes and certificates must be returned to the Customs
authorities in whose officiail district they were issued in order to be cancelled.
N.B.—If a pleasure excursion be undertaken into regions so distant that the
term of a year appears insufficient, this must be noted on the pass by reason of an
understanding between the Consul and the Chinese authority at the time it is issued.
If the return of the passport be omitted, no further pass shall be issued to the
person concerned until it has taken place. If the pass be lost, no matter whether
within the term or after its expiration, the person concerned must forthwith make a
formal declaration of the fact before the nearest Chinese authority. The Chinese
official applied to will then do what else may be necessary for the invalidation of
the pass. If the recorded declaration prove to be untrue, in case the transport
of goods be concerned, they will be confiscated ; if the matter relate to travelling,
the traveller will be taken to the nearest Consul, and be delivered up to him for
punishment.
8. —Materials for German docks only enjoy, in so far as they
employed for the repair of ships, the favour of duty-free importation in open ports.
The Customs authority has the right to send inspectors to the dock to convince
106 SUPPLEMENTAEY CONVENTION BETWEEN GERMANY AND CHINA
themselves on the spot as to the manner and way in which the materials are being
used. If the construction of a new ship be concerned, the materials employed for
this, in so far as they are specially entered in the import or export tariff, will be
reckoned at the tariff duty, and those not entered in the tariff at a duty of 5 per
cent, ad valorem, and the merchant concerned will be bound to pay this duty
subsequently.
Any one who wishes to lay out a dock is to get from the Customs office a gratis
Concession certificate, and to sign a written undertaking, the purport and wording
whereof is to be settled in due form by the Customs office concerned.
9.—Art. XXIX. of the Treaty of the 2nd September, 1861, shall be applicable
to the fines established by this present Supplementary Convention.
Done at Peking the thirty-first March, one thousand eight hundred and eighty,
corresponding with the twenty-first day of the second month of the sixth year of
Kwang Hsu.
(Signed) [l.s.] M. von Brandt.
„ [l.s.] Shen Kue-Fen.
„ [l.s.] Chino Lien.
The Prince of Kung and the Ministers of the Tstjng-li Yamen
to Herr von Brandt
Kwang Hsu, 6th year, 2nd mouth, 21st day.
(Peking, March 31st, 1880.)
With regard to the stipulation contained in the second Article of the Supple-
mentary Convention concluded on occasion of the Treaty revision, that German
sailing-ships which lie for a longer time than fourteen days in Chinese ports shall
only pay for the time beyond that term the moiety of the tonnage dues settled
by Treaty, the Plenipotentiaries of the two contracting parties have agreed and
declared that the said stipulation shall first of all be introduced by way of trial,
and that in case, on carrying it out, practical difficulties should arise, another stipula-
tion may be put in its place on the basis of a renewed joint discussion by both
parties.
Protocol
The undersigned, who have been expressly empowered by their Government to
make the following arrangements, have agreed that the term settled by the Pleni-
potentiaries of the German Empire and of China in the Supplementary Convention
concluded at Peking on the 31st March this year, for the exchange of the Batifica-
tion of the Convention, shall be prolonged till the 1st December, 1881.
The other stipulations of the Supplementary Convention of the 31st March, this
year, are not affected by this alteration.
In witness whereof the undersigned have subscribed with their own hands and
affixed their seals to this Agreement, in two copies of each of the German and
Chinese texts, which have been compared with each other and found to correspond.
Done at Peking the twenty-first August, one thousand eight hundred and eighty,
corresponding with the sixteenth day of the seventh month of the sixth year
Kwang Hsu.
(Signed) [l.s.] M. von Brandt.
„ [l.s.] Shen Kue-Fen.
[l.s.] Chino Lien.
„ [l.s.] Wang Neen-Shou.
„ [l.s.] Lin Shu.
[l.s.] • Chung Li.
THE KIAOCHOW CONVENTION
I. —His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of preserving
good relations with His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, and of promoting an
increase of German power and influence in the Far East, sanctions the acquirement
under lease by Germany of the land extending for 100 li at high tide (at Kiaochow).
His Majesty the Emperor of China is willing that German troops should take
possession of the above-mentioned territory at any time the Emperor of Germany
chooses. China retains her sovereignty over this territory, and, should she at any
time wish to enact laws or carry out plans within the leased area, she shall be at
liberty to enter into negotiations with Germany with reference thereto; provided
always that such laws or plans shall not be prejudicial to German interests. Germany
may engage in works for the public benefit, such as water-works, within the territory
covered by the lease, without reference to China. Should China wish to march troops
or establish garrisons therein she can only do so after negotiating with and obtaining
the express permission of Germany.
II. —His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, being desirous, like t
certain other countries, of establishing a naval and coaling station and constructing
dockyards on the coast of China, the Emperor of China agrees to lease to him for the
purpose all the land on the southern and northern sides of Kiaochow Bay for a term
of ninety-nine years. Germany is to be at liberty to erect forts on this land for the
defence of her possessions therein.
ITT.—During the continuance of the lease China shall have no voice in the
government or administration of the leased territory. It will be governed and
administered during the whole term of ninety-nine years solely by Germany, so that
the possibility of friction between the two Powers may be reduced to the smallest
magnitude. The lease covers the following districts:—
(a)—All the land in the north-east of Lienhan, adjacent to the north-eastern
mouth of the Bay, within a straight line drawn from the north-eastern comer of
Yintao to Laoshan-wan.
(6.)—All the land in the south-west of Lienhan, adjacent to the southern mouth
of the Bay, within a straight line drawn from a point on the shore of the Bay bearing
south-west by south from Tsi-pe-shan-to.
(c.)—Tsi-pe-shan-to and Yintao.
{d.)—The whole area of the Bay of Kiaochow covered at high-water.
(e.)—Certain islands at the entrance of the Bay which are ceded for the purpose
of erecting forts for the defence of the German possessions. The boundaries of the
leased territory shall hereafter be more exactly defined by a commission appointed
jointly by the Chinese and German Governments, and consisting of Chinese and
German subjects. Chinese ships of war and merchant-ships, and ships of war and
merchant-ships of countries having treaties and in a state of amity with China shall
receive equal treatment with German ships of war and merchant ships in Kiaochow
Bay during the continuance of the lease. Germany is at liberty to enact any regula-
tions sbe desires for the government of the territory and harbour, provided such
regulations apply impartially to the ships of all nations, Germany and China included.
IV.—Germany shall be at liberty to erect whatever lighthouses, beacons, and other
aids to navigation she chooses within the territory leased, and along the islands and
coasts approaching the entrance to the harbour. Vessels of China and vessels of
other countries entering the harbour shall be liable to special duties for the repair
and maintenance of all lighthouses, beacons and other aids to navigation which
Germany may erect and establish. Chinese vessels shall be exempt from other
special duties.
108 RAILWAY AND MINING CONCESSION
Y.—Should G-ermany desire to give up her interest in the leased territory before-
the expiration of ninety-nine years, China shall take over the whole area, and pay
Germany for whatever German property may at the time of surrender be there-
situated. In cases of such surrender taking place Germany shall be at liberty to lease
some other point along the coast. Germany shall not cede the territory leased to any
other Power than China. Chinese subjects shall be allowed to live in the territory
leased, under the protection of the German authorities, and there carry on their avoca-
tions and business as long as they conduct themselves as peaceable and law-abiding:
citizens. Germany shall pay a reasonable price to the native proprietors for whatever
lands her Government or subjects require. Fugitive Chinese criminals taking refuge
in the leased territory shall be arrested and surrendered to the Chinese authorities for
trial and punishment, upon application to the German authorities, but the Chinese
authorities shall not be at liberty to send agents into the leased territory to make-
arrests. The German authorities shall not interfere with the lekin stations outside
but adjacent to the territory.
THE RAILWAY AND MINING CONCESSION
linesI-of railway in—The
Shantung. The Chinese
first willGovernment sanctionsand
run from Kiaochow the Tsinan-fu
constructionto by
the boundary of Shantung province via Wei-hsien, Tsinchow, Pashan, Tsechuen and
Sniping. The second line will connect Kiaochow with Chinchow, whence an extension,
will be constructed to Tsinan through Laiwu-hsien. The construction of this extension
shall not be begun until the first part of the line, the main line, is completed, in
order to give the Chinese an opportunity of connecting this line in the most advan-
tageous manner with their own railway system. What places the line from Tsinan-fu
to the provincial boundary shall take in en route is to be determined hereafter.
II- shall be formed,
Company —In orderattowhatever
with branches carry outplaces
the above-mentioned
may be necessary, railway
and work
in this Company both German and Chinese subjects shall be at liberty to invest
money if they so choose, and appoint directors for the management of the undertaking.
by a III-
future conference—All
of German and Chinese arrangements in connection
representatives. The with the Govern-
Chinese works specifie
ment shall afford every facility and protection and extend every welcome to representa-
tives of the German Railway Company operating in Chinese territory. Profits-
derived from the working of these railways shall be justly divided pro rata between,
the shareholders without regard to nationality. The object of constructing these
lines is solely the development of commerce. In inaugurating a railway system in
Shantung Germany entertains no treacherous intention towards China, and under-
takes not to unlawfully seize any land in the province.
. IV-—The
mining propertyChinese Government
for a distance of 30shall allow
li from eachGerman
side ofsubjects to hold and
these railways anddevelop
along
the whole extent of the lines. The following places where mining operations may
be carried on are particularly specified along the northern railway from Kiaochow to
Tsman, Weihsien, Pa-shan-hsien and various other points; and along the Southern.
Kxaochow-Tsinan-Chinchow
be invested in these operationsline, and
Chinchow-fu, Luiwuhsien,
arrangements etc. Chinese
for carrying on the capital may
work shall
hereafter be made by a joint conference of Chinese and German representatives.
All German subjects engaged in such works in Chinese territory shall be properly
protected
fairly and between
divided welcomedChinese
by the and
Chinese
Germanauthorities and allaccording
shareholders profits toderived shall beof
the extent
THE UNITED KINGDOM AND GERMANY RELATIVE TO CHINA 109-
the interest they hold in the undertakings. In trying to develop mining property
in China, G-ermany is actuated by no treacherous motives against this country, but
seeks alone to increase commerce and improve the relations between the two countries.
If at any time the Chinese should form schemes for the development of Shantung,
for the execution of which it is necessary to obtain foreign capital, the Chinese
Government, or whatever Chinese may be interested in such schemes, shall, in the-
first instance, apply to German capitalists. Application shall also be made to-
German manufacturers for the necessary machinery and materials before the manu-
facturers of any other Power are approached. Should German capitalists or manu-
facturers decline to take up the business the Chinese shall then be at liberty to obtain
money and materials from sources of other nationality than German.
This convention requires the sanction of His Majesty the Emperor of China and
His Majesty the Emperor of Germany. When the sanction of His Majesty the
Emperor of China reaches Berlin the agreement approved by His Majesty the
Emperor of Germany shall be handed to the Chinese Ambassador. When the final
draft is agreed to by both parties four clean copies of it shall be made, two in Chinese
and two in German, which shall be duly signed by the Chinese and German Minister
at Berlin and Peking. Each Power shall retain one Chinese copy and one German
copy, and the agreement shall be faithfully observed on either side.
Dated, the fourteenth day of the second moon of the twenty-fourth year of
Kwang Hsu. (March 6th, 1898.)
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED KINGDOM AN3>
GERMANY RELATIVE TO CHINA
October 16th, 1900
Ho. 1
The Marquess op Salisbury to Count Hatzfeldt
Foreign Office, October 16th, 1900.
Your Excellency,
I have the honour to inform you that Her Majesty’s Government approve the-
Agreement, annexed hereto, which has been negotiated between your Excellency and
myself with regard to the principles on which the mutual policy of Great Britain
and Germany in China should be based.
I have, etc.,
(Signed) Salisbury.
Inclosure in Ho. 1
Agreement Signed on the 16th October, 1900
Her Britannic Majesty’s Government and the Imperial German Government,
being desirous to maintain their interests in China aud their rights under existing
Treaties, have agreed to observe the following principles in regard to their mutual
policy in China:—•
1. It is a matter of joint and permanent international interest that the ports on
the rivers and littoral of China should remain free and open to trade and to every
other legitimate form of economic activity for the nationals of all countries without
110 THE UNITED KINGDOM AND GERMANY RELATIVE TO CHINA
distinction; and the two Governments agree on their part to uphold the same for
all Chinese territory as far as they can exercise influence.
2. Her Britannic Majesty’s Government and the Imperial German Government
■will not, on their part, make use of the present complication to obtain for them-
selves any territorial advantages in Chinese dominions, and will direct their policy
towards maintaining undiminished the territorial condition of the Chinese Empire.
3. In case of another Power making use of the complications in China in order
to obtain under any form whatever such territorial advantages, the two contracting
parties reserve to themselves to come to a preliminary understanding as to the
eventual steps to be taken for the protection of their own interests in China.
4. The two Governments will communicate this Agreement to the other Powers
interested, and especially to Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, and
the United States of America, and will invite them to accept the principles recorded
in it.
No. 2
Count Hatzfeldt to the Marquess of Salisbury
{Translation)
German Embassy, London,
October 16th, 1900.
My Lord,
I have the honour to inform your Excellency that my Government have con-
curred in the following points agreed to between your Excellency and myself:—
The Imperial German Government and Her Britannic Majesty’s Government,
being desirous to maintain their interests in Chiini and their rights under existing
Treaties, have agreed to observe the following principles in regard to their mutual
policy in China:
1. It is a matter of joint and permanent international interest that the ports
•on the rivers and littoral of China should remain free and open to trade and to
every other legitimate form of economic activity for the nationals of all countries
without distinction ; and the two Governments agree on their part to uphold the
same for all Chinese territory as far as they can exercise influence.
2. The Imperial German Government and Her Britannic Majesty’s Govern-
ment will not, on their part, make use of the present complication to obtain for
themselves any territorial advantages in Chinese dominions, and will direct their
policy towards maintaining undiminished the territorial condition of the Chinese
Empire.
3. In case of another Power making use of the complications in China in
order to obtain under any form whatever such territorial advantages, the two
oontracting parties reserve to themselves to come to a preliminary understanding as
to the eventual steps to be taken for the protection of their own interests in China.
4. The two Governments will communicate this Agreement to the other
Powers interested, and especially to Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, Japan, Russia,
and the United States of America, and will invite them to accept the principles
recorded in it
With the highest respect, etc., etc.,
(Signed) Hatzfeldt.
RUSSIA
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
Signed, in the Russian, Chinese, and French Languages,
at St. Petersburg, 12th February, 1881
Ratifications exchanged at St. Petersburg, 19th August, 1881
[Translated from the French Text]
His Majesty the Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias and His Majesty the-
Emperor of China, desiriug to regulate some questions of frontier and trade touching
the interests of the two Empires, in order to cement the relations of friendship
between the two countries, have named for their Plenipotentiaries, to the effect of
establishing an agreement on these questions:—
His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias: His Secretary of State Nicholas
de G-iers, Senator, actual Privy Councillor, directing the Imperial Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, and his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty
the Emperor of China, Eugene de Buzow, actual Councillor of State.
And His Majesty the Emperor of China: Tseng, Marquess of Neyong, Vice-
President of the High Court of Justice, his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, furnished with special
powers to sign the present Treaty in quality of Ambassador Extraordinary :—
The above-named Plenipotentiaries, furnished with full powers, which have been
found sufficient, have agreed upon the following stipulations:—
Art. I.—His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias consents to the re-
establishment of the Chinese Government in the country of Hi, temporarily occupied
since 1871 by the Russian Armies. Russia remains in possession of this country
within the limits indicated by Article VII. of the present Treaty.
Art. II.—His Majesty the Emperor of China engages to decree the proper
measures to shelter the inhabitants of the country of Ili, of whatever race and to
whatever religion, they belong, from all persecution, in their goods or in their persons,
from acts committed during or after the troubles that have taken place in that country,
A proclamation in conformity with this engagement will be addressed by the
Chinese authorities, in the name of His Majesty the Emperor of China, to the popula-
tion of the country of Ili, before the restoration of this country to the said authorities.
Art. III.—The inhabitants of the country of Ili will be free to remain in the
places of their actual residence as Chinese subjects, or to emigrate to Russia and
to adopt Russian dependence. They will be called to pronounce themselves on the
subject before the re-establishment of Chinese authority in the country of Ili, and a
delay of one year, from the date of the restoration of the country to the Chinese
authorities, will be accorded to those who show a desire to emigrate to Russia. The
Chinese will oppose no impediment to their emigration or to the transportation of
their moveable property.
Art. IV.—Russian subjects possessing land in the country of Ili will keep their
rights of property, even after the re-establishment of the authority of the Chinese
Government in that country.
This provision is not applicable to the inhabitants of the country of Ili who
shall adopt Russian nationality upon the re-establishment of Chinese authority in
this country.
112 TEEATY BETWEEN EUSSIA AND CHINA
Eussian subjects whose lands are situated without places appropriated to
Eussian factories, in virtue of Article XIII. of the Treaty of Kuldja of 1851, ought
to discharge the same taxes and contributions as Chinese subjects.
Art. Y.—The two Governments will appoint commissioners of Kuldja, who will
proceed to the restoration on the one part, to the resumption on the other, of
the administration of the province of Hi, and who will be charged, in general, with
the execution of the stipulations of the present Treaty relating to the re-establish-
ment, in this country, of the Chinese Government.
The said commissioners will fulfil their commission, in conforming to the
understanding which will be established as to the mode of restoration on the one
part and of resumption on the other, of the administration of the country of Hi,
between the Governor-General of Turkestan and the Governor-General of Shansi and
Kansuh, charged by the two Governments with the high direction of the affair.
The resumption of the country of Hi should be finished within a delay of three
months or sooner, if it can be done, dating from the day of the arrival at Tashkend
of the functionary who will be delegated by the Governor-General of Shansi and
Kansuh to the Governor-General of Turkestan to notify to him the ratification and
the promulgation of the present Treaty by His Majesty the Emperor of China.
Art. VI.-—The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China will pay to
the Eussian Government the sum of nine millions of metallic roubles, designed to cover
the expenses occasioned by the occupation of the country of Hi by the Eussian troops
since 1871, to satisfy all the pecuniary claims arising from, up to the present day, the
losses which Eussian subjects have suffered in their goods pillaged on Chinese
territories, and to furnish relief to the families of Eussian subjects killed in armed
attacks of which they have been victims on Chinese territory.
The above-mentioned sum of nine millions of metallic roubles will be paid within
the teim of two years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present
Treaty, according to the order and the conditions agreed upon between the two
•Governments in the special Protocol annexed to the present Treaty.
Art. VII.—The western portion of the country of Hi is incorporated with
Eussia, in order to serve as a place of establishment for the inhabitants of this country
who shall adopt the Eussian dependence and who, by this action, will have had to
abandon the lands which they possessed there.
The frontier between the possessions of Eussia and the Chinese province of Hi
will follow, starting from the mountains Bedjin-taou, the course of the river Khorgos,
as far as the place where this river falls into the river Hi, and, crossing the latter,
will take a direction to the south, towards the mountains Ouzoun-taou, leaving to
the west the village of Koldjat. Proceeding from this point it will follow, whilst
being directed to the south, the delineation fixed by the Protocol signed at Tchugtu-
chack in 1864.
Art. VIII.—A part of the frontier line, fixed by the protocol signed at Tchugtu-
chack in 1861, at the east of the Lake Zaisan, having been found defective, the two
Governments will name commissioners who will modify, by a common agreement, the
ancient delineation in such a manner as to remove the defects pointed out and to estab-
lish an effective separation between the Kirghiz tribes submitted to the two Empires.
To the new delineation will be given, as much as possible, an intermediate direc-
tion. between the old frontier and a straight line leading from the Kouitoun hill
towards the Saour hills, crossing the Tcherny-Irtysh.
Art. IX.—The commissioners to be named by the two contracting parties will
proceed to place posts of demarcation, as well on the delineation fixed by the
preceding Articles VII. and VIII., as on the parts of the frontier where posts have
not yet been placed. The time and the place of meeting of these commissioners
shall be fixed by an understanding between the two Governments.
The two Governments will also name commissioners to examine the frontier
•and to place posts of demarcation between the Eussian province of Perganah and
"the
for the base part
western of thework
of their Chinese provincefrontier.
the existing of Kashgar. The commissioners will take
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA 113
Art. X.—The right recognised by the Treaties of the Russian Government to
nominate Consuls to Hi, to Tarbagatai, to Kashgar, and to Ourga is extended, from
-the present time, to the towns of Souteheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan. In the
following towns : Kobdo, Uliassoutai, Khami, Urumtsi, and Goutchen, the Russian
Government will establish consulates in proportion to the development of commerce,
and after an understanding with the Chinese Government.
The Consul of Soutcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan will exercise consular
-functions in the neighbouring districts, where the interests of Russian subjects
demand their presence.
The dispositions contained in Articles V. andVL of the Treaty concluded at Peking
in 1860, and relative to the concession of land for the houses for the consulates,
for cemeteries, and for pasturage, will apply equally to the towns of Sbutcheou
(Tsia-yu-kwan) and of Turfan. The local authorities will aid the Consul to find
provisional habitations until the time when the houses of the consulates shall be built.
The Russian Consuls in Mongolia and in the districts situated on the two slopes
of the Tien-shan will make use of, for their journeys and for their correspondence,
-the postal institutions of the Government, conformably to the stipulations of Article
XI. of the Treaty of Tientsin and of Article XII. of the Treaty of Peking. The
■Chinese authorities, to whom they will address themselves for this purpose, will lend
them aid and assistance.
The town of Turfan not being a locality open to foreign trade, the right of
establishing a consulate will not be invoked as a precedent to obtain a right analogous
-to the ports of China for the provinces of the interior and for Manchuria.
Art. XL—Russian Consuls will communicate, for affairs of service, either with
the local authorities of the town of their residence, or with the superior authorities
of the circuit or of the province, according as the interests which are respectively
epnfided to them, the importance of the affairs to be treated of, and their prompt
expedition shall require. As to the rules of etiquette to be observed at the time
of their interviews and, in general, in their relations, they will be based upon the
■respect which the functionaries of two friendly Powers reciprocally owe each other.
All the affairs which may arise on Chinese territory, on the subject of commer-
cial or other transactions, between those under the jurisdiction of the two States,
will be examined and regulated, by a common agreement, by the Consuls and the
Chinese authorities.
In lawsuits on commercial matters, the two parties will terminate their difference
amicably by means of arbitrators chosen by one side and the other. If agreement
is not established in this way, the affair will be examined and regulated by the
authorities of the two States.
Engagements contracted in writing, between Russian and Chinese subjects,
relative to orders for merchandise, to the transport of it, to the location of shops,
of houses, and of other places, or relating to other transactions of the same kind,
may be presented for legalisation by the Consulates and by the superior local
administrations, who are bound to legalize the documents which are presented to
them. In case of non-execution of the engagements contracted, the Consul and the
Chinese authorities will consult as to the measures necessary to secure the execution
of these obligations.
Art. XII.—Russian subjects are authorized to carry on, as in the past, trade
free of duties in Mongolia subject to China, as well as in places and aimaks where
there is a Chinese administration, as in those where there is none.
Russian subjects will equally enjoy the right of carrying on trade free of duties
in the towns and other localities of the provinces of Hi, of Tarbagatai, of Kashgar,
of Urumtsi, and others situated on the slopes north and south of the chain of the
Tien-shau as far as the Great Wall. This immunity will be abrogated when the
development of the trade necessitates the establishment of a customs tariff contorm-
able to an understanding to be come to by the two Governments.
Russian subjects can import into the above-named provinces of China and
-export from them every description of produce, of whatever origin they may be;
114 TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
They may make purchases and sales, whether in cash, or by way of exchange; they
will have the right to make their payments in merchandise of every description.
Art. XIII.—In the places where the Russian Government will have the right
to establish consulates, as well as in the town of Kalgan, Russian subjects may
construct houses, shops, warehouses, and other buildings on the lands which they
will acquire by means of purchase, or which may be conceded to them by the local
authorities, conformably to that which has been established for Hi and Tarbagatai,
by Article XIII. of the Treaty of Kuldja of 1851.
The privileges granted to Russian subjects in the town of Kalgan, where there-
will not be a consulate, constitute an exception which cannot be extended to any
other locality of the interior provinces.
Art. XIV.—Russian merchants who may wish to dispatch merchandise from
Russia, by land, into the interior provinces of China, can, as formerly, direct it*
by the towns of Kalgan and Tungchow, to the port of Tientsin, and from there to
the other ports and interior markets, and sell it in those different places.
Merchants will use this same route to export to Russia the merchandise-
purchased, as well in the towns and ports above named as in the interior markets.
They will equally have the right to repair, for matters of trade, to Soutcheou
(Tsia-yu-kwan), the terminal point of the Russian caravans, and they will enjoy
there all the rights granted to Russian trade at Tientsin.
Art. XV.—Trade by land, exercised by Russian subjects in the interior and
exterior provinces of China, will be governed by the Regulations annexed to the-
present Treaty.
The commercial stipulations of the present Treaty, as well as the Regulations
which serve as a supplement to it, can be revised after an interval of ten years has-
elapsed from the date of the exchange of ratifications of the Treaty; but if, in the
course of six months before the expiration of this term, neither of the contracting
parties manifest a desire to proceed to the revision, the trade stipulations as well as
ths Regulations will remain in force for a new term of ten years.
Trade by sea route of Russian subjects in China will be subject to the general
regulations established for foreign maritime commerce in China. If it becomes
necessary to make modifications in these regulations, the two Governments will
establish an understanding on this subject.
Art. XVI.—If the development of Russian overland trade provokes the necessity
of the establishment, for goods of export and import in China, of a Customs tariff,
more in relation than the tariffs actually in force to the necessities of that trade,,
the Russian and Chinese Governments will proceed to an understanding on this
subject, by adopting as a base for settling the duties of entry and exit the rate of
five per cent, of the value of the goods.
Until the establishment of this tariff, the export duties on some kinds of teas of
inferior quality, actually imposed at the rates established for the tea of superior
quality, will be diminished proportionately to their value. The settling of these
duties will be proceeded with, for each kind of tea, by an understanding between the
Chinese Government and the envoy of Russia to Peking, within the term of one year,
at the latest, from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty.
Art. XVII.—Some divergencies of opinion having arisen hitherto as to the
application of Article X. of the Treaty concluded at Peking, in 1860, it is
established by these presents that the stipulations of the above-named Article,
relative to the recoveries to be effected, in case of theft and the harbouring of
cattle beyond the frontier, will be for the future interpreted in this sense, that at
the time of tho discovery of the individuals guilty of theft or the harbouring of *
cattle, they will be condemned to pay the real value of the cattle which they
have not restored. It is understood that in case of the insolvency of the individuals
guilty of theft of cattle, the indemnity to be paid cannot be placed to the charge of-
the local authorities. |
ilaws The frontier
of their authorities
country of the twoguilty
the individuals Statesofwill
theprosecute
harbouringwithof allorthe
theftrigour of the
of cattle^
TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA 115
and should take the measures in their power for the restitution to whom they
belong of cattle diverted, or which may have passed the frontier.
The traces of cattle turned aside or which may have passed the frontier may be
indicated, not only to the guards of the frontier posts, but also to the elders of the
nearest villages.
Art. XVIII.—The stipulations of the Treaty concluded at Aigoun the 16th May,
1858, concerning the rights of the subjects of the two Empires to navigate the Amoor,
the Sungari, and the Oussouri, and to carry on trade with the populations of the
riverine localities, are and remain confirmed.
The two Governments will proceed to the establishment of an understanding
concerning the mode of application of the said stipulations.
Art. XIX—The stipulations of the old Treaties between Russia and China, not
modified by the present Treaty, remain in full vigour.
Art. XX.—The present Treaty, after having been ratified by the two Emperors,
will be promulgated in each Empire, for the knowledge and governance of each one.
The exchange of ratifications will take place at St. Petersburg, within a period of
six months counting from the day of the signature of the Treaty.
Having concluded the above Article, plenipotentiaries of the two contract-
ing parties have signed and sealed two copies of the present Treaty, in the Russian,
Chinese, aud French languages. Of the three texts, duly compared and found in
.agreement, the French text will be evidence for the interpretation of the present
Treaty.
Done at St. Petersburg, the twelfth of February, eighteen hundred and eighty-
■one. ,
(Signed) [l.s.] Nicolas de Giers.
,, [l.s.] Eugene Butzow.
„ [l.s.] Tseng.
Protocol
In virtue of Article VI. of the Treaty signed to-day by the Plenipotentiaries of
the Russian and Chinese Governments, the Chinese Government will pay to the
Russian Government the sum of nine millions of metallic roubles, designed to cover
the expenses of the occupation of the country of Hi by the Russian troops and
to satisfy divers pecuniary claims of Russian subjects. This sum shall be paid
within a period of two years counting from the day of the exchange of the ratifica-
tions of the Treaty.
Desiring to fix the mode of payment of the aftermentioned sum the undersigned
have agreed as follows:—
The Chinese Government will pay the equivalent of the sum of nine millions of
metallic roubles in pounds sterling, say, one million four hundred and thirty-one
thousand six hundred and sixty-four pounds sterling two shillings to Messrs.
Baring Brothers & Co. in London, in six equal parts, of two hundred and thirty-
eight thousand six hundred and ten pounds sterling thirteen shillings and eight-
pence each, less the customary bank charge which may be occasioned by the transfer
of these payments to London.
The payments shall be scheduled at four months’ distance the one from the
other ; the first shall be made four months after the exchange of the ratifications of
the Treaty signed to-day, and the last two years after that exchange.
The present Protocol will have the same force and value as if it had been
inserted word for word in the Treaty signed to-day.
In faith of which the Plenipotentiaries of the two Governments have signed the
present Protocol and have placed their seals to it.
Done at St. Petersburg, the twelfth of February, one thousand eight hundred
and eighty-one.
REGULATIONS EOR THE LAND TRADE BETWEEN
RUSSIA AND CHINA
Art. I.—A trade by free exchange and free of duty (free trade) between Russian
and Chinese subjects is authorised within a zone extending for fifty versts (100 li) on
either side of the frontier. The supervision of this trade will rest with the two
Governments, in accordance with their respective frontier regulations.
Art. II.—Russian subjects proceeding on business to Mongolia, and to the
districts situated on the northern and southern slopes of the Tian-shan mountains
may only cross the frontier at certain points specified in the list annexed to those
regulations. They must procure from the Russian authorities permits in the Russian
and Chinese languages, with Mongolian and Tartar translation. The name of the
owner of the goods, or that of the leader of the caravan, a specification of the goods,
the number of packages, and the number of heads of cattle may be indicated in the
Mongolian or Tartar languages, in the Chinese text of these permits. Merchants,
on entering Chinese territory, are bound to produce their permits at the Chinese
post nearest to the frontier, where, after examination, the permit is to be counter-
signed by the chief of the post. The Chinese authorities are entitled to arrest
merchants who have crossed the frontier without permit, and to deliver them over to
the Russian authorities nearest to the frontier, or to the competent Russian Consul,
for the infliction of a severe penalty. In case of the permit being lost, the owner is
bound to give notice to the Russian Consul, in order that a fresh one may be
issued to him, and inform the local authorities, in order to obtain a.temporary
certificate which will enable him to pursue his journey. Merchandise introduced
into Mongolia and the districts situated on the slopes of the Tian-shan, but which
have found no sale there, may be forwarded to the towns of Tientsin and Sou-
tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan), to be sold or to be sent farther into China. With regard
to the duties on such merchandise, to-the issue of permits for its carriage, and to
other Customs formalities, proceedings shall be taken in accordance with the following
provisions.
Art. III.—Russian merchants forwarding goods from Kiachta and the Nertchinsk
country to Tientsin must send them by way of Kalgan, Dounba, and Toun-tcheou.
Merchandise forwarded to Tientsin from the Russian frontier by Kobdo and
Kouihoua-tchen is to follow the same route. Merchants must be provided with
transport permits issued by the Russian authorities, and duly vised by the competent
Chinese authorities, which must give, in the Chinese and Russian languages, the
name of the owner of the goods, the number of packages, and a description of the
goods they contain. The officials of the Chinese Custom-houses situated on the road
by which merchandise is forwarded will proceed, without delay, to verify the number
of the packages, and to examine the goods, which they will allow to pass onwards,
after fixing a visa to the permit. Packages opened in the course of the Customs
examinations will be closed again at the Custom-house, the number'of packages
opened being noted on the permit. The Customs examination is not to last more
than two hours. The permits are to be presented within a term of.six months
at the Tientsin Custom-house to be cancelled. If the owner of i the goods finds
this term insufficient, he must at the proper time and place give notice to the Chinese
authorities. In case of the permit being lost the merchant must give notice to the
authorities who delivered it to him to obtain a duplicate and must for that purpose-
TRADE REGULATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA ll?-
mate known the number and date of the missing permit. The nearest Custom-
house on his road, after having ascertained the accuracy of the merchant’s declara-
tions, will give him a provisional certificate, accompanied by which bis goods may
proceed on their journey. An inaccurate declaration of the quantity of the goods,
if it be proved that it was intended to conceal sales effected on the road, or to escape
payment of duty, will render the merchant liable to the infliction of the penalties laid
down by Art. VIII. of the present regulations.
Art. IV.—Russian merchants who may wish to sell at Kalgan any portion of
the goods brought from Russia must make a declaration to that effect to the local
authorities within the space of five days. Those authorities, after the merchant has'
paid the whole of the entrance duties, will furnish him with a permit for the sale of
the goods.
Art. V.—Goods brought by Russian merchants by land from Russia to Tientsin
will pay an entrance duty equivalent to two-thirds of the rate established by the
tariff. Goods brought from Russia to Sou-tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) will pay in that
town the same duties and be subject to the same regulations as at Tientsin.
Art. VI.—-If the goods left at Kalgan, having paid the entrance duties, are not
sold there, their owner may send them on to Toun-tcheou, or to Tientsin, and the
Customs authorities, without levying fresh duties, will repay to the merchant one-third1
of the entrance duty paid at Kalgan, a note to that effect being made on the permit
issued by the Kalgan Custom-house. Russian merchants, after paying transit dues,
i.e., one-half of the duty specified in the tariff, may forward to the internal markets
goods left at Kalgan which have paid the entrance dues, subject only to the general
regulations established for foreign trade in China. A transport permit, which is to
be produced at all the Custom-houses and barriers on the road, will be delivered for
these goods. Goods not accompanied by such permit will have to pay duty at the
Custom-houses they pass, and lelcin at the barriers.
Art. VII.—Goods brought from Russia to Sou-tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) may be
forwarded to the internal markets under the conditions stipulated by Art. IX. of
these Regulations for goods forwarded from Tientsin destined for the internal
market.
Art. VIII.—If it be ascertained, when the Customs examination of goods brought
from Russia to Tientsin takes place, that the goods specified in the permit have been
withdrawn from the packages and replaced by others, or that their quantity (after
deducting what has been left at Kalgan) is smaller than that indicated in the permit,
the whole of the goods included in the examination will be confiscated by the Customs
authorities. It is understood that packages damaged on the road, and which, con-
sequently, have been repacked, shall not be liable to confiscation, provided always
that such damage has been duly declared at the nearest Custom-house, and that a
note to such effect has been made by the office after it has ascertained the untouched
condition of the goods as at first sent off. Goods concerning which it is ascertained
that a portion has been sold on the road will be liable to confiscation. If goods
have been taken by by-ways in order to evade their examination at the Custom-
houses established on the routes indicated in Art. III., the owner will be liable to a
fine equal in amount to the whole entrance duty. If a breach of the aforesaid
regulations has been committed by the carriers, without the knowledge or connivance
of the owner of the goods, the Customs authorities will take this circumstance
into consideration in determining the amount of the fine. This provision only applies
to localities through which the Russian land trade passes, and is not applicable to
similar cases arising at the ports and in the interior of the provinces. When goods
are confiscated the merchant is entitled to release them by paying the equivalent of
their value, duly arrived at by an understanding with the Chinese authorities.
Art. IX.—On the exportation by sea from Tientsin to some other Chinese port
opened to foreign trade by Treaty of goods brought from Russia by land, the
Tientsin Customs will levy on such goods one-third of the tariff duty, in addition to
the two-thirds already paid. No duty shall be levied on these goods in other ports.
Goods sent from Tientsin or the other ports to the internal markets are subject to
4 IS TRADE REGULATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
,transit dues (i.e., half of the tariff duty) according to the general provisions laid
down for foreign trade.
Art. X.—Chinese goods sent from Tientsin to Russia by Russian merchants
must be forwarded to Kalgan by the. route indicated under Art. III. The entire
.export duty will be levied on these goods when they leave the country. Nevertheless,
re-imported goods bought at Tientsin, as well as those bought in another port and
forwarded in transitu to Tientsin to be exported to Russia, if accompanied by a
.Customs receipt for the export duty, shall not pay a second time, and the half
re-importation duty (coasting duty) paid at Tientsin will be repaid to the merchant
if the goods upon which it has been paid are exported to Russia a year from
•the time of such payment. For the transport of goods in Russia the Russian Consul
will issue a permit indicating in the Russian and Chinese languages the name of the
.owner of the goods, the number of packages, and the nature of the goods they
contain. These permits will be vised by the Port Customs authorities, and must
.accompany the goods for production when they are examined at the Custom-houses
,ou the road. The rules given in detail in Article III. will be observed as to the term
within which the permit is to be presented to the Custom-house to be cancelled, and
as to the proceedings in case of the permit being lost. Goods will follow the route
indicated by Article III., and are not to be sold on the road; a breach of this rule will
render the merchant liable to the penalties provided for under Article VIII. Goods
will be examined at the Custom-houses on the road in accordance with the rules laid
down under Article III. Chinese goods bought by Russian merchants at Sou-tcheou
(Tsia-yu-kwan), or brought by them from the internal markets to be forwarded to
Russia, on leaving Sou-tcheou for Russia, will have to pay the duty leviable upon
goods exported from Tientsin, and will be subject to the regulations established for
that port.
Art. XI.—Goods bought at Toun-tcheou, on leaving that place for Russia by
land, will have to pay the full export duty laid down by the tariff. Goods bought at
Kalgan will pay in that town, on leaving for Russia, a duty equivalent to half the
tariff rate. Goods bought by Russian merchants in the internal markets, and brought
to Toun-tcheou and Kalgan to be forwarded to Russia, will, moreover, be subject
to transit dues, according to the general rules established for foreign trade
in the internal markets. The local Custom-houses of the aforesaid towns after
levying the duties will give the merchant a transport permit for the goods. For
goods leaving Toun-tcheou this permit will be issued by the Dounba Customs
authorities, to whom application is to be made for it, accompanied by payment of
the duties to which the goods are liable. The permit will mention the prohibition
to sell goods on the road. The rules given in detail in Article III. relative to permits,
the examination of goods, etc., will apply in like manner to goods exported from the
places mentioned in this Article.
Art. XII.—Goods of foreign origin sent to Russia by land from Tientsin, Tour-
tcheou, Kalgan, and Sou-tcheou (Tsia-yu-kwan) will pay no duty if the merchant
produces a Customs receipt acknowledging payment of the import and transit duties
on those goods. If they have only paid entrance duties the competent Custom-house
will call upon the merchant for the payment of the transit dues fixed by the tariff.
Art. XIII.—Goods imported into China by Russian merchants, or exported by
them, will pay Custom duties according to the general tariff for foreign trade with
China, and according to the additional tariff drawn up for Russian trade in 1862.
Goods not enumerated in either of those tariffs will be subject to a 5 per cent.
ad valorem duty.
Art. XIV.—The following articles will be admitted free of export and import
duty: Gold and silver ingots, foreign coins, flour of all kinds, sago, biscuits,
preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confectionery, foreign clothes,
jewellery and silver plate, perfumery and soaps of all kinds, charcoal, firewood,
handles of foreign manufacture, foreign tobacco and cigars, wine, beer, spirits,
household
u a stores and utensils to be used in houses and on board ship, travellers’
og ge, official stationery, tapestries, cutlery, foreign medicines, glassware, and
AGREEMENT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA 119
ornaments. The aforementioned articles will pass free of duty on entering and on
leaving by land; but if they are sent from the towns and ports mentioned in these
regulations to the internal markets they will pay a transit duty of 2| per cent, ad
valorem. Travellers’ luggage, gold and silver ingots, and foreign coins will, however,
not pay this duty.
Art. XY.—The exportation and importation of the following articles is prohibited
under penalty of confiscation in case of smuggling: —Gunpowder, artillery ammuni-
tion, cannon, muskets, rifles, pistols, and all firearms, engines, and munitions of
war, salt, and opium. Russian subjects going to China may, for their personal
defence, have one musket or one pistol each, of which mention will be made in the
permit they are provided with. The importation by Russian subjects of saltpetre,
sulphur, and lead is allowed only under special licence from the Chinese authorities,
and those articles may only be sold to Chinese subjects who hold a special purchase-
permit. The exportation "of rice and of Chinese copper coin is forbidden. On the
other hand, the importation of rice and of all cereals may take place duty free.
Art. XVI.—The transport of goods belonging to Chinese merchants is forbidden
to Russian merchants attempting to pass them off as their own property.
Art. XVII.—The Chinese authorities are entitled to take the necessary measures
against smuggling.
Done at St. Petersburg, the 12th-24th February, 1881.
(Sighed) [l.s.] Nicolas de Giees.
„ [l.s.] Eugene Butzow.
„ [l.s.] Tseng.
Peotocol
The undersigned Nicolas de Giers, Secretary of State, actual Privy Councillor
directing the Imperial Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Tseng, Marquess of Neyong,
Vice-President of the High Court of Justice, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China to His Majesty the Emperor
of Russia, have met at the hotel of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to proceed to the
exchange of the acts of ratification of the Treaty between Russia and China, signed
at St. Petersburg, the 12/24 February, 1881.
After perusal of the respective instruments, which have been acknowledged textu-
ally conformable to the original act, the exchange of the act ratified by His Majesty
the Emperor of Russia the 4/16 August, 1881, against the act ratified by His Majesty
the Emperor of China the 3/15 May, 1881, has taken place according to custom.
In faith of which the undersigned have drawn up the present proces-verbal, and
have affixed to it the seal of their arms.
Done at St. Petersburg, the 7th August, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-
one. (Signed) [i-.s.] Nicolas de Giees
„ [l-s.] Tseng.
UNITED STATES
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OE AMERICA
AND CHINA
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Tientsin
18th June, 1858
Ratifications exchanged at Pehtang, 16th August, 1859
The United States of America and the Ta-Tsing Empire, desiring to maintain
firm, lasting, and sincere friendship, have resolved to renew, in a manner clear and
positive, by means of a Treaty or general Convention of Peace, Amity, and Commerce,
the rules which shall in future be mutually observed in the intercourse of their
respective countries; for which most desirable object the President of the United
States and the August Sovereign of the Ta-Tsing Empire have named for their
Plenipotentiaries, to wit: the President of the United States of America, William B
Reed, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China; and His
Majesty the Emperor of China, Kweiliang, a member of the Privy Council and
Superintendent of the Board of Punishments, and Hwashana, President of the Board
of Civil Office and Major-General of the Bordered Blue Banner Division of the
Chinese Bannermen, both of them being Imperial Commissioners and Plenipotenti-
aries: And the said Ministers, in virtue of the respective full powers they have received
from their Governments, have agreed upon the following Articles :—
Art I.—There shall be, as there has always been, peace and friendship between
the United States of America and the Ta-Tsing Empire, and between their people
respectively. They shall not insult or oppress each other for any trifling cause, so as
to produce an estrangement between them; and if any other nation should act
unjustly or oppressively, the United States will exert their good offices, on being
informed of the case, to bring about an amicable arrangement of the question, thus
showing their friendly feelings.
Art. II.—In order to perpetuate friendship, on the exchange of ratifications by
the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, and
by His Majesty the Emperor of China, this Treaty shall be kept and sacredly guarded
in this way, viz.-. The original Treaty, as ratified by the President of the United
States, shall be deposited at Peking, the capital of His Majesty the Emperor of China,
in charge of the Privy Council; and, as ratified by His Majesty the Emperor of China,
shall be deposited at Washington, the capital of the United States, in charge of the
Secretary of State.
Art. III.—In order that the people of the two countries may know and obey the
provisions of this Treaty, the United States of America agree, immediately on the
exchange of ratifications, to proclaim the same and publish it by proclamation in the
Gazettes where the laws of the United States of America are published by authority;
and His Majesty the Emperor of China, on the exchange of ratifications, agrees
immediately to direct the publication of the same at the capital and by the Governors
of all the provinces.
Art. IV.—In order further to perpetuate friendship, the Minister or Commis-
sioner, or the highest diplomatic representative of the United States of America in
China, shall at all times have the right to correspond on terms of perfect equality and
confidence with the officers of the Privy Council at the capital, or with the Governor-
General of the Two Kwang, of Fohkien and Chekiang, or of the Two Kiang ; and
whenever he desires to have such correspondence with the Privy Council at the capital
he shall have the right to send it through either of the said Governors-General, or by
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA 121
general post; and all such communications shall be most carefully respected. The
Privy Council and Governors-General, as the case may be, shall in all cases consider
and acknowledge such communications promptly and respectfully.
Art. Y.—The Minister of the United States of America in China, whenever he has
business, shall have the right to visit and sojourn at the capital of His Majesty the
Emperor of China and there confer with a member of the Privy Council or any other
high officer of equal rank deputed for that purpose, on matters of common interest
and advantage. His visits shall not exceed one in each year, and he shall complete'
his business without unnecessary delay. He shall be allowed to go by land or come
to the mouth of the Pei-ho, in which he shall not bring ships-of-war, and he shall
inform the authorities of that place in order that boats may be provided for him to go
on his journey. He is not to take advantage of this stipulation to request visits to
the capital on trivial occasions. Whenever he means to proceed to the capital he
shall communicate in writing his intention to the Board of Bites at the capital, and
thereupon the said Board shall give the necessary direction to facilitate his journey,
and give him necessary protection and respect on his way. On his arrival at the
capital he shall be furnished with a suitable residence prepared for him, and he shall
defray his own expenses; and his entire suite shall not exceed twenty persons
exclusive of his Chinese attendants, none of whom shall be engaged in trade.
Art. VI.—If at any time His Majesty the Emperor of China shall, by Treaty
voluntarily made, or for any other reason, permit the representative of any friendly
nation to reside at his capital for a long or short time, then, without any further
consultation or express permission, the representative of the United States in China
a shall have the same privilege.
Art. VII.—The superior authorities of the United States and of China in
9 corresponding together shall do so on terms of equality and in form of mutual
D communication (chau-hwui). The Consuls and the local officers, civil and military,
i in corresponding together shall likewise employ the style and form of mutual
£ communication (chau-hwui). When inferior officers of the one Government address
the superior officers of the other they shall do so in the style and form of memorial
(shin-chin). Private individuals, in addressing superior officers, shall employ the
style of petition (pin-ching). In no case shall any terms or style be used or suffered
which shall be offensive or disrespectful to either party. And it is agreed that no
present, under any pretext or form whatever, shall ever be demanded of the United
States by China, or of China by the United States.
Art. VIII.—In all future personal intercourse between the representative of
the United States of America and the Governors-General or Governors the interviews
shall be had at the official residence of the said officers, or at their temporary resi-
dence, or at the residence of the representative of the United States of America,
whichever may be agreed upon between them; nor shall they make any pretext for
declining these interviews. Current matters shall be discussed by correspondence
so as not to give the trouble of a personal meeting.
Art. IX.—^Whenever national vessels of the United States of America, in cruising
along the coast and among the ports opened for trade for the protection of the com-
merce of their country, or the advancement of science, shall arrive at or near any
of the poi ts of China, the commanders of said ships and the superior local authorities
of government shall, if it be necessary, hold intercourse on terms of equality and
courtesy, in token of the friendly relations of their respective nations ; and the said
vessels shall enjoy all suitable facilities on the part of the Chinese Government in
procuring provisions or other supplies, and making necessary repairs. And the
United States of America agree that in case of the shipwreck of any American vessel
and its being pillaged by pirates, or in case any American vessel shall be pillaged or
captured by pirates on the seas adjacent to the coast, without being shipwrecked, the
national vessels of the United States shall pursue the said pirates, and if captured
deliver them over for trial and punishment.
Art. X.—The United States of America shall have the right to appoint Consuls
and other commercial agents for the protection of trade, to reside at such places in the
122 TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
dominions of China as shall be agreed to be opened, who shall hold official intercourse
and correspondence with the local officers of the Chinese Government (a Consul or a
Vice-Consul in charge taking rank with an intendant of circuit or a prefect), either
personally or in writing, as occasion may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal
respect And the Consuls and local officers shall employ the style of mutual
communication. If the officers of either nation are disrespectfully treated, or aggrieved
in any way by the other authorities, they, have the right to make representation of
the same to the superior officers of their respective Governments, who shall see that
full inquiry and strict justice shall be had in the premises. And the said Consuls and
agents shall carefully avoid all acts of offence to the officers and people of China.
On the arrival of a Consul duly accredited at any port in China, it shall be the duty
of the Minister of the United States to notify the same to the Governor-General of
the province where such port is, wko shall forthwith recognize the said Consul and
grant him authority to act.
Art. XI.—All citizens of the United States of America in China, peaceably
attending to their affairs, being placed on a common footing of amity and good-
will with subjects of China, shall receive and enjoy for themselves and everything
appertaining to them the protection of the local authorities of Government, who shall
defend them from all insult or injury of any sort. If their dwellings or property be
threatened or attacked by mobs, incendiaries, or other violent or lawless persons, the
local officers, on requisition of the Consul, shall immediately despatch a military force
to disperse the rioters, apprehend the guilty individuals, and punish them with the
utmost rigour of the law. Subjects of China guilty of any criminal act towards citizens
of the United States shall be punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws
of China, and citizens of the United States, either on shore or in any merchant vessel,
who may insult, trouble, or wound the persons or injure the property of Chinese, or
commit any other improper act in China, shall be punished only by the Consul or other
public functionary thereto authorized, according to the laws of the United States. Ar-
rests in order to trial may be made by either the Chinese or United States authorities.
Art. XII.—Citizens of the United States, residing or sojourning at any of the
ports open to foreign commerce, shall be permitted to rent houses and places of
business or hire sites on which they can themselves build houses or hospitals,
churches, and cemeteries. The parties interested can fix the rents by mutual and
equitable agreement; the proprietors shall not demand an exorbitant price, nor shall
the local authorities interfere, unless there be some objections offered on the part ot
the inhabitants respecting the place. The legal fees to the officers for applying their
seal shall be paid. The citizens of the United States shall not unreasonably insist
on particular spots, but each party shall conduct themselves with justice and
moderation. Any desecration of the cemeteries by natives of China shall be severely
punished according to law. At the places where the ships of the United States
anchor, or their citizens reside, the merchants, seamen, or others can freely pass and
re-pass in the immediate neighbourhood; but in order to the preservation of the
public peace, they shall not go into the country to the villages and marts to sell their
goods unlawfully, in fraud of the revenue.
Art. XIII.—If any vessel of the United States be wrecked or stranded on the
coast of China and be subjected to plunder or other damage, the proper officers of the
Government, on receiving information of the fact, shall immediately adopt measures
for its relief and security; the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and
be enabled to repair at once to the nearest port, and shall enjoy all facilities for
obtaining supplies of provisions and water. If the merchant vessels of the United
States, while within the waters over which the Chinese Government exercises
jurisdiction, be plundered
civil and military, by robbers
on receiving or pirates,
information thenshall
thereof, the arrest
Chinesethelocal
said authorities
robbers or
pirates, and punish them according to law, and shall cause all the property which can
be recovered to be restored to the owners, or placed in the hands of the Consul. If
by reason of the extent of territory and numerous population of China it shall in any
case happen that the robbers cannot be apprehended, and the property only in part
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA 123r
recovered, the Chinese Government shall not make indemnity for the goods lost; but
if it shall be proved that the local authorities have been in collusion with the robbers,
the same shall be communicated to the superior authorities for memorializing the"
Throne, and these officers shall be severely punished and their property be confiscated
to repay the losses.
Art. XIV.—’The citizens of the United States are permitted to frequent the ports-
and cities of Canton and Chan-chau, or Swatow, in the province of Kwangtung; Amoy,
Foochow, and Tai-wan in Formosa, in the province of Fuhkien; Ningpo in the province’
of Chekiang; and Shanghai in the province of Kiangsu, and any other port or place'
hereafter by Treaty with other powers or with the United States opened to commerce;
and to reside with their families and trade there, and to proceed at pleasure with their
vessels and merchandise from any of these ports to any other of them. But said vessels
shall not carry on a clandestine or fraudulent trade at other ports of China, not declared
to be legal, or along the coasts thereof; and any vessel under the American flag violating
this provision shall, with her cargo, be subject to confiscation to the Chinese Govern-
ment ; and any citizen of the United States who shall trade in any contraband article’
of merchandise shall be subject to be dealt with by the Chinese Government, without
being entitled to any countenance or protection from that of the United States; and
the United States will take measures to prevent their flag from being abused by the’
subjects of other nations as a cover for the violation of the laws of the Empire.
Art. XV.—At each of the ports open to commerce, citizens of the United States
shall be permitted to import from abroad, and sell, purchase, and export all merchan-
dise of which the importation or exportation is not prohibited by the laws of the Empire.
The tariff of duties to be paid by the citizens of the United States, on the export and
import of goods from and into China, shall be the same as was agreed upon at the
Treaty of Wanghia, except so far as it may be modified by Treaties with other nations,
it being expressly agreed that citizens of the United States shall never pay higher
duties than those paid by the most favoured nation.
Art. XVI.—Tonnage duties shall be paid on every merchant vessel belonging to
the United States entering either of the open ports at the rate of four mace per ton of
forty cubic feet, if she be over one hundred and fifty tons burden; and one mace per
ton of forty cubic feet if she be of the burden of one hundred and fifty tons or under,
according to the tonnage specified in the register; which, with her other papers, shall,
on her arrival, be lodged with the Consul, who shall report the same to the Commis-
sioner of Customs. And if any vessel, having paid tonnage duty at one port, shall
go to any other port to complete the disposal of her cargo, or being in ballast, to
purchase an entire or fill up an incomplete cargo, the Consul shall report the same to
the Commissioner of Customs, who shall note on the port-clearance that the tonnage
duties have been paid, and report the circumstance to the collectors at the other
Custom-houses; in which case the said vessel shall only pay duty on her cargo, and
not be charged with tonnage duty a second time. The collectors of Customs at the
open ports shall consult with the Consuls about the erection of beacons or light-
houses, and where buoys and lightships should be placed.
Art. XVII.—Citizens of the United States shall be allowed to engage pilots to'
take their vessels into port, and, when the lawful duties have all been paid, take them
out of port. It shall be lawful for them to hire at pleasure servants, compradores,
linguists, writers, labourers, seamen, and persons for whatever necessary service, with
nassage or cargo-boats, for a reasonable compensation, to be agreed upon by the*
parties or determined by the Consul.
Art. XVIII.—Whenever merchant vessels of the United States shall enter a port,
the Collector of Customs shall, if he see fit, appoint Custom-house officers to guard
said vessels, who may live on board the ship or their own boats, at their convenience.
The local authorities of the Chinese Government shall cause to be apprehended all
mutineers or deserters from on board the vessels of the United States in China on
being informed by the Consul, and will deliver them up to the Consuls or other officers
for punishment. And if criminals, subjects of China, take refuge in the houses, or on-
board the vessels of citizens of the United States, they shall not be harboured, but
.124 TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
.shall he delivered up to justice on due requisition by the Chinese local officers,
addressed to those of the United States. The merchants, seamen, and other citizens
,of the United States shall be under the superintendence of the appropriate officers of
their Government. If individuals of either nation commit acts of violence or disorder,
use arms to the injury of others, or create disturbances endangering life, the officers of
-the two Governments will exert themselves to enforce order and to maintain the
public peace, by doing impartial justice in the premises.
Art. XIX.—-Whenever a merchant vessel belonging to the United States shall
cast anchor in either of the said ports, the supercargo, master, or consignee, shall,
within forty-eight hours, deposit the ship’s papers in the hands of the Consul or
person charged with his functions, who shall cause to be communicated to the Super-
intendent of Customs a true report of the name and tonnage of such vessel, the number
..of her crew, and the nature of her cargo, which being done, he shall give a permit for
her discharge. And the master, supercargo, or consignee, if he proceed to discharge
the cargo without such permit, shall incur a fine of five hundred Dollars, and the goods
so discharged without permit shall be subject to forfeiture to the Chinese Government.
But if a master of any vessel in port desire to discharge a part only of the cargo, it
shall be lawful for him to do so, paying duty on such part only, and to proceed with
the remainder to any other ports. Or if the master so desire, he may, within forty-
eight hours after the arrival of the vessel, but not later, decide to depart without
breaking bulk; in which case he shall not be subject to pay tonnage or other duties
or charges, until, on his arrival at another port, he shall proceed to discharge cargo
when he shall pay the duties on vessel and cargo, according to law. And the tonnage
duties shall be held due after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours. In case
of the absence of the Consul or person charged with his functions, the captain or
. supercargo of the vessel may have recourse to the Consul of a friendly Power; or, if
he please, directly to the Superintendent of Customs, who shall do all that is required
■ to conduct the ship’s business.
Art. XX.—The Superintendent of Customs, in order to the collection of the
proper duties, shall, on application made to him through the Consul, appoint suitable
..officers, who shall proceed, in the presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee
to make a just and fair examination of all goods in the act of being discharged for
•importation, or laden for exportation, on board any merchant vessel of the United
States. And if disputes occur in regard to the value of goods subject to ad valorem
duty, or in regard to the amount of tare, and the same cannot be satisfactorily
. arranged by the parties, the question may, within twenty-four hours, and not after-
wards, be referred to the said Consul to adjust with the Superintendent of Customs.
Art. XXI.—Citizens of the United States who may have imported merchandise
into any of the free ports of China, and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to
re-export the same in part or in whole to any other of the said ports, shall be entitled
to make application, through their Consul, to the Superintendent of Customs, who,
in order to prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made, by
suitable officers, to see that the duties paid on such goods as are entered on the Custom-
house books correspond with the representation made, and that the goods remain
with their original marks unchanged, and shall then make a memorandum in the
port-clearance of the goods and the amount of duties paid on the same, and deliver
the same to the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of Customs
at the other ports; all which being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in
which the goods are laden, and everything being found, on examination there, to
correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk, and land the said goods without
being subject to the payment of any additional duty thereon. But if, on such
examination, the Superintendent of Customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in
-the case, then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese
Government. Foreign grain or rice brought into any port of China in a ship of
.the United States, and not landed, may be re-exported without hindrance.
Art. XXII.—The tonnage duty on vessels of the United States shall be paid on
their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall be paid on the discharge of the
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
goods, and duties of export on the lading of the same. When all such duties shall
have been paid, and not before, the Collector of Customs shall give a port-clearance,
and the Consul shall return the ship’s papers. The duties shall be paid to the shroffs
[ authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the same. Duties shall be paid and
j received either in sycee silver or in foreign money, at the rate of the day. If the
j Consul permits a ship to leave the port before the duties and tonnage dues are paid
I he shall be held responsible therefor.
Art. XXIII.—-When goods on board any merchant vessel of the United States
1 Tin port require to be transhipped to another vessel application shall be made to the
Consul, who shall certify what is the occasion therefor to the Superintendent of
Customs, who may appoint officers to examine into the facts and permit the
•transhipment. And if any goods be transhipped without written permits, they shall
'be subject to be forfeited to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXIV.—Where there are debts due by subjects of China to citizens of the
United States, the latter may seek redress in law; and, on suitable representation being
•made to the local authorities through the Consul, they will cause due examination in
the premises, and take proper steps to compel satisfaction. And if citizens of the
TJnited States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress by
representation through the Consul, or by suit in the Consular Court; but neither
■Government will hold itself responsible for such debts.
Art. XXV.—It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the United States to
employ scholars and people of any part of China, without distinction of persons, to
teach any of the languages of the Empire, and assist in literary labours, and the
persons so employed shall not for that cause be subject to any injury on the part
either of the Government or individuals; and it shall in like manner be lawful for
citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in China.
Art. XXVI.—Relations of peace and amity between the United States and China
being established by this Treaty, and the vessels of the United States being admitted
to trade freely to and from the ports of China open to foreign commerce, it is further
agreed that, in case at any time hereafter China should be at war with any foreign
nation whatever, and should for that cause exclude such nation from entering her
ports, still the vessels of the United States shall none the less continue to pursue their
commerce in freedom and security, and to transport goods to and from the ports of
the belligerent Powers, full respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of the
United States, provided that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the
transportation of officers or soldiers in the enemy’s service, nor shall said flag be
fraudulently used to enable the enemy’s ships, with their cargoes, to enter the ports
of China :; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture and confisca-
tion to the Chinese Government.
Art. XXVII.—All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person,
; arising between citizens of the United States in China, shall be subject to the
y jurisdiction and be regulated by the authorities of their own government; and all
controversies occurring in China between citizens of the United States and the
subjects of any other government shall be regulated by the Treaties existing between
the United States and such governments respectively, without interference on the
part of China.
Art. XXVIII.—If citizens of the United States have special occasion to address
any communication to the Chinese local officers of Government, they shall submit the
■same to their Consul or other officer, to determine if the language be proper and
respectful, and the matter just and right, in which event he shall transmit the same
to the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the premises. If
subjects of China have occasion to address the Consul of the United States they may
address him directly, at the same time they inform tbeir own officers, representing the
■case for his consideration and action in the premises; and if controversies arise
between citizens of the United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably
; settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided conformably to justice and
equity by the public officers of the two nations, acting in conjunction. The extortion
120 ADDITIONAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
of illegal fees is expressly prohibited. Any peaceable persons are allowed to enter
the Court in order to interpret, lest injustice be done.
Art. XXIX.—The principles of the Christian Religion, as professed by the
Protestant and Roman Catholic Churches, are recognised as teaching men to do good,
and to do to others as they would have others to do to them. Hereafter those who
quietly profess and teach these doctrines shall not be harassed or persecuted on
account of their faith. Any person, whether citizen of the United States or Chinese
convert, who, according to those tenets, peaceably teaches and practises the principles
of Christianity, shall in no case be interfered with or molested.
Art. XXX.-—The contracting parties hereby agree that should at any time the
Ta-Tsing Empire grant to any nation, or the merchants or citizens of any nation, any
right, privilege, or favour, connected either with navigation, commerce, political or
other intercourse, which is not conferred by this Treaty, such right, privilege, and
favour shall at once freely enure to the benefit of the United States, its public officers,
merchants, and citizens.
The present Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce shall be ratified by the
President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
within one year, or sooner, if possible, and by the August Sovereign of the Ta-Tsing
Empire forthwith; and the ratifications shall be exchanged within one year from the
date of the signature thereof.
In faith whereof we, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States of
America and of the Ta-Tsing Empire, as aforesaid, have signed and sealed these
presents.
Done at Tientsin, this eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight and the Independence of the United States
of America the eighty-second, and in the eighth year of Hien Fung, fifth moon, and
eighth day.
[l.s.] William R. Reed.
[l.s.] Kweiliang.
[l.s.] Hwashana.
[Appended to the foregoing Treaty are Tariff and Rules identical with those
annexed to the British Treaty of Tientsin.]
ADDITIONAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED
STATES AND CHINA
Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Washington,
28th July, 1868
Ratifications Exchanged at PeMng, 23rd November, 1869
Whereas, since the conclusion of the Treaty between the United States of America1
and the Ta-Tsing Empire (China) of the 18th June, 1858, circumstances have
arisen showing the necessity of additional Articles thereto: the President of the
United States and the August Sovereign of the Ta-Tsing Empire have named for
their Plenipotentiaries: to wit, the President of the United States of America,
William R. Seward, Secretary of State; and His Majesty the Emperor of China,
Anson Burlingame, accredited as his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary, and Chih-kang and Sun-chia-ku, of the second Chinese rank, associated
high Envoys and Ministers of his said Majesty; and the said Plenipotentiaries, after
having exchanged their full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed
upon the following Articles —
Art. I.—His Majesty the Emperor of China, being of the opinion that in making
concessions to the citizens or subjects of foreign Powers, of the privilege ©f residing
ADDITIONAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA 127
on certain tracts of land, or resorting to certain waters of that Empire, for purposes
of trade, lie has by no means relinquished his right of eminent domain or dominion
over the said lands and waters, hereby agrees that no such concession or grant shall
be construed to give to any Power or party which may be at war with or hostile to
the United States, the right to attack the citizens of the United States, or their
property, within the said lands or waters: And the United States for themselves
hereby agree to abstain from offensively attacking the citizens or subjects of any
Power or party, or their property, with which they may be at war, on any such tract
of land or water of the said Empire. But nothing in this Article shall be construed
to prevent the United States from resisting an attack by any hostile Power or party
upon their citizens or their property.
It is further agreed that if any right or interest in any tract of land in China,
has been, or shall hereafter be, granted by the Government of China to the United
States or their citizens for purposes of trade or commerce, that grant shall in no
event be construed to divest the Chinese Authorities of their right of jurisdiction
over persons and property within said tract of land except so far as the right may
have been expressly relinquished by Treaty.
Art. II.—The United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor of China,
believing that the safety and prosperity of commerce will thereby best be promoted,
agree that any privilege or immunity in respect to trade or navigation within the
Chinese dominions which may not have been stipulated for by Treaty, shall be subject
to the discretion of the Chinese Government, and may be regulated by it accordingly,
but not in a manner or spirit incompatible with the Treaty stipulations of the parties.
Art. III.—The Emperor of China shall have the right to appoint Consuls at
ports of the United States, who shall enjoy the same privileges and immunities as
those which are enjoyed by public law and Treaty in the United States by the Consuls
of Great Britain and Russia, or either of them.
Art. IV.—The 29th Article of the Treaty of the 18th June, 1858, having stipulated
for the exemption of the Christian citizens of the United States and Chinese converts
from persecution in China on account of their faith, it is further agreed that citizens
of the United States in China of every religious persuasion, and Chinese subjects in
the United States, shall enjoy entire liberty of conscience, and shall be exempt from
all disability or persecution on account of their religious faith or worship in either
country. Cemeteries for sepulture of the dead, of whatever nativity or nationality,
shall be held in respect and free from disturbance or profanation.
Art. V.—The United States of America and the Emperor of China cordially
recognize the inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance,
and also the mutual advantage of the free migration and emigration of their citizens
and subjects respectively from the one country to the other for the purposes of curiosity,
of trade, or as permanent residents. The high contracting parties, therefore, join in
reprobating any other than an entirely voluntary emigration for these purposes.
They consequently agree to pass laws, making it a penal offence for a citizen of the
United States, or a Chinese subject, to take Chinese subjects either to the United
States or to any other foreign country; or for a Chinese subject or citizen of the
United States to take citizens of the United States to China, or to any other foreign
country, without their free and voluntary consent respectively.
Art. VI.—Citizens of the United States visiting or residing in China shall enjoy
the same privileges, immunities, or exemptions in respect to travel or residence as may
there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation. And,
reciprocally, Chinese subjects visiting or residing in the United States shall enjoy
the same privileges, immunities, and exemptions in respect to travel or residence as
may there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation. But
nothing herein contained shall be held to confer naturalization upon citizens of the
United States in China, nor upon the subjects of China in the United States.
Art. VII.—Citizens of the United States shall enjoy all the privileges of the
public educational institutions under the control of the Government of China; and,
reciprocally, Chinese subjects shall enjoy all the privileges of the public educational
128 IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE U. S.& CHINA
institutions under the control of the Government of the United States, which are
enjoyed in the respective countries by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured
nation. The citizens of the United States may freely establish and maintain schools
within the Empire of China at those places where foreigners are by Treaty permitted
to reside; and, reciprocally, Chinese subjects may enjoy the same privileges and
immunities in the United States.
Art. VIII.—The United States, always disclaiming and discouraging all prac-
tices of unnecessary dictation and intervention by one nation in the affairs or domestic
administration of another, do hereby freely disclaim and disavow any intention or
right to intervene in the domestic administration of China in regard to the construc-
tion of railroads, telegraphs, or other material internal improvements. On the other
hand, His Majesty the Emperor of China reserves to himself the right to decide the
time and manner and circumstances of introducing such improvements within his
dominions. With this mutual understanding it is agreed by the contracting, parties
tnat, if at any time hereafter his Imperial Majesty shall determine to construct, or
cause to be constructed, works of the character mentioned within the Empire, and
shall make application to the United States or any other Western Power for facilities
to carry out that policy, the United States will in that case designate or authorize
suitable engineers to be employed by the Chinese Government, and will recommend
to other nations an equal compliance with such applications; the Chinese Government
in that case protecting such engineers in their persons and property, and paying,
them a reasonable compensation for their services.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty and
thereto affixed the seals of their arms.
Done at Washington, the twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord one-
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
[l.s.] (Signed) William H. Seward. [l.s.] (Signed) Chih Kang,
[l.s.] „ Anson Burlingame. [l.s.] „ Sun Chiaku.
IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
Signed at Peking, in the English and Chinese Languages,
on the 17th November, 1880
The Immigration Treaty
Whereas, in the eighth year of Hieu Fung, Anno Domini 1858, a Treaty of Peace
and Friendship was concluded between the United States of America and China, and
to which were added in the seventh year of Tung Chi, Anno Domini 1868, certains
supplementary Articles to the advantage of both parties, which supplementary Articles-
were to be perpetually observed and obeyed; and
Whereas the Government of the United States, because of the constantly in-
creasing immigration of Chinese labourers to the territory of the United States, and
the embarrassments consequent upon such immigration, now desires to negotiate a
modification of the existing Treaties which will not be in direct contravention of their
spirit; now, therefore, the President of the United States of America appoints James
B. Angell, of Michigan; John F. Swift, of California; and William H. Trescott, of
South Carolina, as bis Commissioners Plenipotentiary; and His Imperial Majesty
the Emperor of China has appointed Pao Chun, a member ofHis Imperial Majesty’s
Privy Council and Superintendent of the Board of Civil Office, and Li Hung Tsao, a
member of His Imperial Majesty’s Privy Council, as his Commissioners Plenipo-
tentiary ; and the said Commissioners Plenipotentiary, having conjointly examined
IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE IT. S. & CHINA 129-
their full powers, aud, having,discussed the points of possible modifications in existing
Treaties, have agreed upon the following Articles in modification:—
Art. I.—^Whenever, in the opinion of the Government of the United States, the
coming of Chinese labourers to the United States, or their residence therein, affects,
or threatens to affect, the interests of that country, or to endanger the good order of
any locality within the territory thereof, the Government of China agrees that the
Government of the United States may regulate, limit, or suspend such coming or
residence, but may not absolutely prohibit it. The limitation or suspension shall be
reasonable, and shall apply only to Chinese who may go to the United States as
labourers, other classes not being included in the limitation. Legislation in regard
to Chinese labourers will be of such a character only as is necessary to enforce the
regulation, limitation, or suspension, of immigration, and immigrants shall not be
subject to personal maltreatment or abuse.
Art. II.-—Chinese subjects, whether proceeding to the United States as traders
or students, merchants, or from curiosity, together with their body and household
servants, and Chinese labourers who are now in the United States, shall be allowed
to go and come of their own free will and accord and shall be accorded all the rights,
privileges, immunities, and exemptions which are accorded to the citizens and subjects
of the most favoured nations.
Art. III.—If Chinese labourers, or Chinese of any other class, now either
permanently or temporarily residing in the territory of the United States, meet with
ill-treament at the hands of any other persons, the Government of the United States
will exert all its power to devise measures for their protection, and secure to them the
same rights, privileges, immunities and exemptions as may be enjoyed by the citizens
or subjects of the most favoured nation, and to which they are entitled by Treaty.
Art. IV.—The high contracting Powers, having agreed upon the foregoing
Articles, whenever the Government of the United States shall adopt legislative
measures in accordance therewith, such measures will be communicated to the
Government of China, and if the measures, as effected, are found to work hardship
upon the subjects of China, the Chinese Minister at Washington may bring the
matter to the notice of the Secretary of State of the United States, who will consider
the subject with him, and the Chinese Foreign Office may also bring the matter to
the notice of the U.S. Minister at Peking and consider the subject with him, to the
end that mutual and unqualified benefit may result. In faith whereof, the Plenipo-
tentiaries have signed and sealed the foregoing at Peking, in English and Chinese,
there being three originals of each text of even tenor and date, the ratifications of
which shall be exchanged at Peking within one year from the date of its execution.
Done at Peking, this 17th day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty, Kuang Hsu sixth year, t^nth moon, fifteenth day.
Signed and sealed by the above-named Commissioners of both Governments.
The Commercial Treaty
The President of the United States of America and His Imperial Majesty the-
Emperor of China, because of certain points of incompleteness in the existing Treaties
between the two Government s, have named as their Commissioners Plenipotentiary:
The President of the United States of America, James P>. Angell, of Michigan; John
F. Swift, of California; and William H. Trescott, of South Carolina, as his Com-
missioners Plenipotentiary; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China has
appointed Pao Chun, a member of His Imperial Majesty’s Privy Council and Super-
intendent of the Board of Civil Office; and Li Hung Tsao, a member of His Imperial
Majesty’s Privy Council, as his Commissioners Plenipotentiary; and the said Com-
missioners Plenipotentiary, having conjointly examined their full powers, and having
discussed the points of possible modification in existing Treaties, have agreed upon
the following Additional Articles:—
Art. I.—The Governments of the United States and China, recognizing the
benefits of their past commercial relations, and in order to still further promote such
5
130 IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE U. S. & CHINA
relation between the citizens and subjects of the two Powers, mutually agree to give
the most careful and favourable attention to the representations of either as such
special extension of commercial intercourse as either m ij desire.
Art. II.—The Governments of China and of the United States mutually agree
and undertake that Chinese subjects shall not be permitted to import opium in any
of the ports of the United States, and citizens of the United States shall not be
permitted to import opium into any of the open ports of China, or transport from one
open port to any other open port, or to buy and sell opium in any of the open ports in
China. This absolute prohibition, which extends to v ssels owned by the citizens
or subjects of either Power, to foreign vessels employed by them, or to vessels owned
by the citizens or subjects of either Power and employed by other persons for the
transportation of opium, shall be enforced by appropriate legislation on the part of
China and the United States, and the benefits of the favoured nation clauses in
existing Treaties shall not be claimed by the citizens or subjects of either Power as
against the provisions of this Article.
Art. III.—His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China hereby promises and
agrees that no other kind or higher rate of tonnage dues or duties for imports or ex-
ports or coastwise trade shall be imposed or levied in the open ports of China upon
vessels wholly belonging to citizens of the United States, or upon the produce, manu-
factures, or merchandise imported in the same from the United States, or from any
foreign country, or upon the produce, manufactures, or merchandise exported in the
same to the United States, or any foreign country, or transported in the same from
•one open port of China to another, than are imposed or levie 1 on vessels or cargoes
-of any other nation, or on those of Chinese subjects. The United States hereby pro-
mises and agrees that no other kind or higher rate of tonnage duties and dues for
imports shall be imposed or levied in the ports of the United States upon vessels
wholly belonging to the subjects of his Imperial Majesty, coming either directly or
by way of any foreign port from any of the ports of China which are open to foreign
trade to the ports of the United States, or returning therefrom either directly or by
way of any foreign port to any of the open ports of China, or upon the produce,
manufactures, or merchandise imported in the same from China, or from auy foreign
-country, than are imposed or levied on vessels of any other nations which make no
discrimination against the United States in tonnage dues or duties on imports,
-exports, or coastwise trade, than are imposed or levied on vessels and cargoes of
citizens of the United States.
Art. IV.—When controversies arise in the Chinese Empire between citizens of
the United States and subjects of His Imperial Majesty, which need to be examined
and decided by the public officer of the two nations, it is agreed between the
Governments of the United States and China that such cases shall be tried by the
proper official of the nationality of the defendant. The properly authorized official
of the plaintiff’s nationality shall be freely permitted to attend the trial, and shall
be treated with the courtesy due to his position. He shall be granted all proper
facilities for watching the proceedings in the interest of justice, and if he so desire
he shall have the right to be present and to examine and to cross-examine witnesses.
If he is dissatisfied with the proceedings, he shall be permitted to protest against
them in debate. The law administered will be the law of the nationality of the officer
trying the case.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed the
foregoing, at Peking, in English and Chinese, there being three originals of each text,
of even tenor and date, the ratifications of which shall be exchanged at Peking within
one year from the date of its execution.
Done at Peking, this seventeenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty, Kuang Hsu sixth year, tenth moon, fifteenth day.
(Signed) James B. Angell. (Signed) Pao Chust.
„ John F. Swift. ,, Li Htjng-tsao.
„ William H. Trescott.
IMMIGRATION PROHIBITION TREATY BETWEEN THE
UNITED STATES OE AMERICA AND CHINA, 1894
Ratifications Exchanged at Washington, 7th December, 1894
Whereas, on the 17th of November, a.d. 1880, and of Kwang Hsu, the sixth
year, the tenth month, and the 15th day, a Treaty was concluded between the United
States and China for the purpose of regulating, limiting, or suspending the coming
of Chinese labourers to and their residence in the United States, and, whereas the
Government of China, in view of the antagonism and much deprecated and serious
disorders to which the presence of Chinese labourers has given rise in certain parts
of the United States, desires lo prohibit the emigration of such labourers from
China to the United States; and, whereas the two Governments desire to co-operate
in prohibiting such emigration and to strengthen in many other ways the bonds of
relationship between the two countries; and, whereas the two Governments are desirous
of adopting reciprocal measures for the better protection of the citizens or subjects
of each within the jurisdiction of the other; now, therefore, the President of the
United States has appointed Walter Q. Gresham, Secretary of State, as his
Plenipotentiary, and his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China has appointed
Yang Yui, Officer of ti e Second Kank, Sub-director of the Court of Sacrificial
Worship and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, and the said
Plenipotentiaries having exhibited their respective full powers, found to be in due
form and good faith, have agreed upon the following Articles:—
Art. I.—The high contracting parties agree that for a period of ten years
beginning with the date of the ratifications of this Convention, the coming, except
under the conditions hereinafter specified, of Chinese labourers to the United States
shall be absolutely prohibited.
Art. II.—The preceding Article shall not apply to the return to the United
States of any registered Chinese labourer who has a lawful wife, child, or parent in
the United States or property therein of the value of $1,000, or debts of like amount
due to him and pending settlement. Nevertheless, every such Chinese labourer
shall, before leaving the United States, deposit, as a condition of his return, with
the Collector of Customs of the district from which he departs, a full description in
writing of his family or property or debts as aforesaid, and shall be furnished by
the said Collector with such certificate of his right to return under this Treaty as
the laws of the United States may now or hereafter prescribe, and not inconsistent
with the provisions of the Treaty; and should the written description aforesaid be
proved to be false, the rights of return thereunder, or of continued residence after
return, shall in each case be forfeited. And such right of return to the United
States shall be exercised within one year from the date of leaving the United
States; but such right of return to the United States may be extended for an
additional period, not to exceed one year, in cases where by reason of sickness or
other cause of disability beyond his control such Chinese labourer shall be rendered
unable sooner to return, which facts shall be fully reported to the Chinese Consul
at the port of departure, and by him certified to the satisfaction of the Collector of
the port at which such Chinese subject shall land in the United States. And no
such Chinese labourer shall be permitted to enter the United States by land or sea
without producing to the proper officer of the Customs the return certificate herein
required.
5*
132 IMMIGRATION PROHIBITION TREATY BETWEEN THE IT. S. & CHINA
Art. III.—The provisions of the Convention shall not affect the right at present
enjoyed by Chinese subjects, being officials, teachers, students, merchants, or
travellers for curiosity or pleasure, but not labourers, of coming to >the' United
States and residing therein. To entitle such Chinese subjects as are above described
to admission into the United States they may produce a certificate either from their
Government or from the Government of the country where they last resided, vised
by the diplomatic or consular representative of the United States in the country or
port whence they depart. It is also agreed that Chinese labourers shall continue
to enjoy the privilege of transit across the territory of the United States in the
-course of their journey to or from other countries, subject to such regulations by
the Government of the United States as may be necessary to prevent the said
privilege of transit from being abused.
Art. IY.—In pursuance of Article III. of the Immigration Treaty between the
United States and China, signed at Peking on the 17th day of November, 1880, it is
hereby understood and agreed, that Chinese labourers or Chinese of any other class,
either permanently or temporarily residing in the United States, shall have for the
protection of their persons and property all rights that are given by the laws of the
United States to citizens of the more favoured nations, excepting the right to
become naturalized citizens. And the Government of the United States reaffirms
its obligations, as stated in the said Article III., to exert all its power to secure the
protection to person and property of all Chinese subjects in the United States.
Art. Y.—The Government of the United States having, by an Act of Congress,
approved May 5th, 1892, as amended and approved November 3rd, 1893, required all
Chinese labourers lawfully within the United States, before the passage of the
first-named Act, to be registered, as in the said Acts provided, with a view of
affording them better protection, the Chinese Government will not object to the
•enforcement of the said Acts, and reciprocally the Government of the United States
recognises the right of the Government of China to enact and enforce similar laws
and regulations, for the registration, free of charge of all labourers, skilled or
unskilled (not merchants, as defined by the said Acts of Congress), citizens of the
United States in China whether residing within or without the Treaty Ports. And
the Government of the United States agrees that within twelve months from the
date of the exchange of the ratifications of this Convention, and annually thereafter,
it will furnish to the Government of China registers or reports showing the full
name, age, occupation, and number or place of residence of all other citizens of the
United States, including missionaries residing both within and without the Treaty
Ports of China, not including, however, diplomatic and other officers of the United
States residing or travelling in China upon official business, together with their
body and household servants.
Art. VI. —This Convention shall remain in force for a period of ten years,
beginning with the date of the exchange of ratifications, and if six months before
the expiration of the said period of ten years neither Government shall have formally
given notice of its final termination to the other, it shall remain in full force for
another like period of ten years.
In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed this
Convention and have hereunto affixed our seals.
Done, in duplicate, at Washington, the 17th day of March, a.d. 1894.
Walter Q. Gresham,
Secretary of State.
Yang Ytti,
Chinese Minister to the United States.
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED
STATES AND CHINA
Signed at Shanghai, 8th Octobek, 1903
[Translation']
The United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being
animated by an earnest desire to extend further the commercial relations between
"them and otherwise to promote the interests of the peoples of the two countries, in
view of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article XI. of the Einal Protocol
signed at Peking on the 7th day of September, a.d. 1901, whereby the Chinese Gov-
ernment agreed to negotiate tho amendments deemed necessary by the foreign
Governments to the Treaties of Commerce and Navigation and other subjects concern-
ing commercial relations, with the Object of facilitating them, have for that purpose
named as their Plenipotentiaries:—
The United States of America, Edwin H. Conger, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to China; John Goodnow,
Consul-General of the United States of America at Shanghai, John F. Seaman, a
Citizen of the United States of America resident at Shanghai;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Lu Pai-huan, President of the Board
of Public Works: Sheng Hsuan-huai, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent,
formerly Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works; Wu Ting Fang,
Senior Vice-President of the Board of Commerce;
Who, having met and duly exchanged their fall powers, which were found to be
in proper form, nave agreed upon the following amendments to existing Treaties of
Commerce and Navigation previously concluded between the two countries, and upon
the subjects hereinafter expressed connected with commercial relations, with the
object of facilitating them.
Art. L—In accordance with international custom, and as the diplomatic
representative of China has the right to reside in the Capital of the United States,
and to enjoy there the same prerogatives, privileges and immunities as are enjoyed
by the similar representative of the most favoured nation, the diplomatic representa-
tive of the United States shall have the right to reside at the capital of His Majesty
the Emperor of China. He shall be given audience of His Majesty the Emperor
whenever necessary to present his letters of credence or any communication from the
President of the United States. At all such times he shall be received in a place
and in a manner befitting his high position, and on all such occasions the ceremonial
observed toward him shall be that observed toward the representatives of nations on
a footing of equality, with no loss of prestige on either side.
The diplomatic representatives of the United States shall enjoy all the preroga-
tives, privileges and immunities accorded by international usage to such representatives,
and shall in all respects be entitled to the treatment extended to similar representatives
of the most favoured nation.
The English text of all notes or despatches from United States officials to
Chinese officials, and the Chinese text of all notes or despatches from Chinese officials
to United States officials shall be authoritative.
Art. II.—As China may appoint consular officers to reside in the United States
and to enjoy there the same attributes, privileges and immunities as are enjoyed by
consular officers of other nations, the United States may appoint, as its interests may
134. COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
require, consular officers to reside at the places in the Empire of China that are now
or that may hereafter be opened to foreign residence and trade. They shall hold
direct official intercourse and correspondence with the local officers of the Chinese
Government within their consular districts, either personally or in writing as the case
may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal respect. These officers shall be
treated with proper respect by all Chinese authorities, and they shall enjoy all the
attributes, privileges and immunities, and exercise all the jurisdiction over their
nationals which are or may hereafter be extended to similar officers of the nation the
most favoured in these respects. If the officers of either Government are disrespect-
fully treated or aggrieved in any way by the authorities of the other, they shall have
the right to make representation of the same to the superior officers of their owns
Government, who shall see that fall inquiry and strict justice be had in the premises.
And the said consular officers of either nation shall carefully avoid all acts of offence
to the officers and people of the other nation.
On the arrival of a Consul properly accredited at any place in China opened to
foreign trade, it shall be the duty of the Minister of the United States to inform the
Board of Foreign Affairs, which shall, in accordance with international usage, forth-
with cause the due recognition of the said Consul and grant him authority to act.
Art. III.—Citizens of the United States may frequent, reside, and carry on trade,
industries and manufactures, or pursue any lawful avocation, in all the ports or
localities of China which are now open or may hereafter be opened to foreign trade
and residence; and, within the suitable localities'at those places which have been or
may be set apart for the use and occupation of foreigners, they may rent or purchase
houses, places of business and other buildings, and rent or lease in perpetuity land
and build thereon. They shall generally enjoy as to their persons and property all
such rights, privileges and immunities as are or may hereafter be granted to the
subjects or citizens of the nation the most favoured in these respects.
Art. IY.—The Chinese Government, recognising that the existing system of
levying dues on goods in transit, and especially the system of taxation known as
lekin, impedes the free circulation of commodities to the general injury of trade,
hereby undertakes to abandon the levy of lekin and all other transit dues throughout
the empire and to abolish the offices, stations and barriers maintained for their
collection and not to establish other offices for levying dues on goods in transit.
It is clearly understood that, after the offices, stations and barriers for taxing goods
in transit have been abolished, no attempt shall be made to re-establish them in any
form or under any pretext whatsoever.
The Government of the United States, in return, consents to allow a surtax, in
excess of the tariff rates for the time being in force, to be imposed on foreign goods
imported by citizens of the United States and on Chinese produce destined for export
abroad or coastwise. It is clearly understood that in no case shall the surtax on.
foreign imports exceed one and one-half times the import duty leviable in terms of
the final Protocol signed by China and the Powers on the seventh day of September,
a.d. 1901; that the payment of the import duty and surtax shall secure for foreign
imports, whether in the hands of Chinese or foreigners, in original packages or other-
wise, complete immunity from all other taxation, examination or delay; that the total
amount of taxation, inclusive of the tariff export duty leviable on native produce for
export abroad shall, under no circumstances, exceed seven and one-half per cent.
ad valorem.
Nothing in this Article is intended to interfere with the inherent righl, of China
to levKeeping
J such other
thesetaxes as are notprinciples
fundamental in conflict inwithview,
its provisions.
the high contracting parties
have agreed upon the following method of procedure:
The Chinese Government undertakes that all offices, stations and barriers of
whatsoever
be permanentlykind for collecting
abolished on lekin, duties,railways
all roads, or such likeanddues on goodsinin the
waterways transit, shall
nineteen
Provinces of China and the three Eastern Provinces. This provision does
to the native Customs offices at present in existence on the seaboard, at open ports not apply
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA 135
where there ar of China embracing the nineteen Provinces and the three Eastern Provinces.
Wherever there are offices of the Imperial Maritime Customs, or wherever such
may be hereafter placed, native Customs offices may also be established, as well as at
any point either on the seaboard or land frontiers.
The Government of the United States agrees that foreign goods on importa-
tion, in addition to the effective five per cent, import duty as provided for in the
Protocol of 1901, shall pay a special surtax of one and one-half times the amount of
the said duty to compensate for the abolition of leTcin, of other transit dues besides
lekin, and of all other taxation on foreign goods and in consideration of the other
reforms provided for in this Article.
The Chinese Government may re-cast the foreign export tariff with specific
duties as far as practicable, on a scale not exceeding five per cent, ad valorem; but
existing export duties shall not be raised until at least six months’ notice has been
given. In cases where existing export duties are above five per cent., they shall
be reduced to not more than that rate. An additional special surtax of one-half the
■export duty payable for the time being, in lieu of internal taxation of all kinds, may
be levied at the place of original shipment, or at the time of export on goods exported
either to foreign countries or coastwise.
Foreign goods which bear a similarity to native goods shall be furnished by the
Customs officers, if required by the owner, with a protective certificate for each pack-
age, on the payment of import duty and surtax, to prevent the risk of any dispute in
the interior.
Native goods brought by junks to open ports, if intended for local consumption,
irrespective of the nationality of the owner of the goods, shall be reported at the
native Customs offices only, to be dealt with according to the fiscal regulations of the
Chinese Government.
Machine-made cotton yarn and cloth manufactured in China, whether by foreigners
at the open ports or by Chinese anywhere in China, shall as regards taxation be
on a footing of perfect equality. Such goods upon payment of the taxes thereon
shall be granted a rebate of the import duty and of two-thirds of the import surtax
■paid on the cotton used in their manufacture, if it has been imported from abroad,
and of all duties paid thereon if it be Chinese grown cotton. They shall also be free
of export duty, coast-trade duty and export surtax. The same principle and pro-
•cedure shall be applied to all other products of foreign type turned out by machinery
in China.
A member or members of the Imperial Maritime Customs foreign staff shall be
selected by the Governors-General and Governors of each of the various provinces of
the Empire for their respective provinces, and appointed in consultation with the
Inspector-General of Imperial Maritime Customs, for duty in connection with native
•Customs affairs to have a general supervision of their working.
Cases where illegal action is complained of by citizens of the United States shall
be promptly investigated by an officer of the Chinese Government of sufficiently high
rank, in conjunction with an officer of the United States Government, and an officer
of the Imperial Maritime Customs, each of sufficient standing; and, in the event of
it beyig found by the investigating officers that the complaint is well founded and
loss has been incurred, due compensation shall be paid through the Imperial Mari-
time Customs. The high provincial officials shall be held responsible that the officer
guilty of the illegal action shall he severely punished and removed from his post. If
the complaint is shown to be frivolous or malicious, the complainant shall be held
responsible for the expenses of the investigation.
When the ratifications of this Treaty shall have been exchanged by the high
-contracting parties hereto, and the provisions of this Article shall have been accepted
by the Powers having Treaties with China, then a date shall be agreed upon when
the provisions of this Article shall take effect, and an Imperial Edict shall be
published in due form on yellow paper and circulated throughout the Empire of
China setting forth the abolition of all lekin taxation, duties on goods in transit,
COMMERCIAL TREA.TY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
offices, stations and barriers for collecting the same, and of all descriptions of internal
taxation on foreign goods, and the imposition of the surtax on the,import of foreign
goods and on the export of native goods, and the other fiscal changes and reforms
provided for in this Article, all of which shall take effect from the said date. The
Edict shall state that the provincial high officials are responsible that any official
disregarding the letter or the spirit of its injunction shall be severely punished and
removed from his post.
Art. V.—The tariff duties to be paid by citizens of the United States on goods
imported into China shall be as set forth in the schedule annexed hereto and made
part of this Treaty, subject only to such amendment and changes as are authorised
by Article IV. of the present Convention, or as may hereafter be agreed upon by the
present high contracting parties. It is expressly agreed, however, that citizens of
the United States shall at no time pay other or higher duties than those paid by the
citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation.
Conversely, Chinese subjects shall not pay higher duties on their imports into the
United States than those paid by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation.
Art. VI.—The Government of China agrees to the establishment by citizens of the
United States of warehouses approved by the proper Chinese authorities as bonded
warehouses at the several open ports of China, for storage, re-packing, or preparation
for shipment of lawful goods, subject to such needful regulations for the protection
of the revenue of China, including a reasonable scale of fees according to com-
modities, distance from the Custom-house, and hours of working, as shall be made
from time to time by the proper officers of the Government of China.
Art. VII.—The Chinese Government, recognising that it is advantageous for
the country to develop its mineral resources, and that it is desirable to attract foreign
as well as Chinese capital to embark in mining enterprises, agrees, within one year
from the signing of this Treaty, to initiate and conclude the revision of the existing
mining regulations. To this end China will, with all expedition and earnestness, go
into the whole question of mining rules; and, selecting from the rules of the United
States and other countries, regulations which seem applicable to the condition of
China, will recast its present mining rules in such a way as, while promoting the
interests of Chinese subjects and not injuring in any way the sovereign rights of
China, will offer no impediment to the attraction of foreign capital nor place foreign
capitalists at a greater disadvantage than they would be under generally accepted
foreign regulations ; and will permit citizens of the United States to carry on in
Chinese territory mining operations and other necessary business relating thereto,
provided they comply with the new regulations and conditions which may be imposed
by China on its subjects and foreigners alike, relating to the opening of mines, the
renting of mineral land, and the payment of royalty, and provided they apply for
permits, the provisions of which in regard to necessary business relating to such
operations shall be observed. The residence of citizens of the United States in
connection with such mining operations shall be subject to such regulations as shall
be agreed upon between the United States and China.
Any mining concession granted after the publication of such new rules shall be
subject to their provisions.
Art. VIII.—Drawback certificates for the return of duties shall be issued by the
Imperial Maritime Customs to citizens of the United States within three weets of
the presentation to the Customs of the papers entitling the applicant to receive such
drawback certificates, and they shall be receivable at their face value in payment of
duties of all kinds (tonnage dues excepted) at the port of issue; or shall, in the case
of drawbacks on foreign goods re-exported within three years from the date of
importation,
at the port ofbeissue,
redeemable by theofImperial
at the option Maritime
the holders thereof.Customs
But inif,full in ready money
in connection with
any application for a drawback certificate, the Customs authorities discover an
attempt to defraud the revenue, the applicant shall be dealt with and punished in
accordance with the frauds
the case of detected stipulations
on theprovided
revenue.in In
the case
Treatytheofgoods
Tientsin,
haveArticle
been XXI.,
removedin
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA 137
from Chinese territory, then the Consul shall inflict on the guilty party a fine to be
paid to the Chinese Government.
Art. IX.—Whereas the United States undertakes to protect the citizens of any
country in the exclusive use within the United States of any lawful trade-marks,
provided that such country agrees by Treaty or Convention to give like protection to
citizens of the United States :—
Therefore the Government of China, in order to secure such protection in the
United States for its subjects, now agrees to fully protect any citizen, firm or corpora-
tion of the United States in the exclusive use in the Empire of China of any lawful
trade-mark to the exclusive use of which they are entitled in the United States, or
which they have adopted and used, or intend to adopt and use as soon as registered,
for exclusive use within the Empire of China. To this end the Chinese Government
agrees to issue by its proper authorites proclamations having the force of law, for-
bidding all subjects of China from infringing on, imitating, colourably imitating, or
knowingly passing off an imitation of trade-marks belonging to citizens of the United
States, which shall have been registered by the proper authorities of the United States
at such offices as the Chinese Government will establish for such purpose, on payment
of a reasonable fee, after due investigation by the Chinese authorities, and in com-
pliance with reasonable regulations.
Art. X.—The United States Government allows subjects of China to patent theii
inventions in the United States and protects them in the use and ownership of such
patents. The Government of China now agrees that it will establish a Patent Office.
After this office has been established and special laws with regard to inventions have
been adopted it will thereupon, after the payment of the legal fees, issue certificates
of protection, valid for a fixed term of years, to citizens of the United States on all
their patents issued by the United States, in respect of articles the sale of which is
lawful in China, which do not infringe on previous inventions of Chinese subjects,
in the same manner as patents are to be issued to subjects of China.
Art. XI.—Whereas the Government of the United States engages to give the
benefits of its copyright laws to the citizens of any foreign State which gives to the
citizens of the United States the benefits of copyrights on an equal basis with its own
citizens:—
Therefore the Government of China, in order to secure such benefits in the United
States for its subjects, now agrees to give full protection, in the same way and
manner and subject to the same conditions upon which it agrees to protect trade-
marks, to all citizens of the United States who are authors, designers or proprietors
of any book, map, print or engraving especially prepared for the use and education
of the Chinese people, or translation into Chinese of any book, in the exclusive right
to print and sell such book, map, print, engraving or translation in the Empire of
■ China during ten years from the date of registration. With the exception of the
books, maps, etc., specified above, which may not be reprinted in the same form, no
work shall be entitled to copyright privileges under this Article. It is understood that
Chinese subjects shall be at liberty to make, print and sell original translations into
Chinese of any works written or of maps compiled by a citizen of the United States.
This Article shall not be held to protect against due process of law any citizen of the
United States or Chinese subject who may be author, proprietor or seller of any
publication calculated to injure the well-being of China.
Art. XII.—The Chinese Government having in 1898 opened the navigable
Inland waters of the Empire to commerce by all steam vessels, native or foreign, that
may be specially registered for the purpose, for the conveyance of passengers and
lawful merchandise, citizens, firms and corporations of the United States may engage
in such commerce on equal terms with those granted to subjects of any foreign Power.
In case either party hereto considers it advantageous at any time that the rules
and regulations then in existence for such commerce be altered or amended, the
'Chinese Government agrees to consider amicably, and to adopt such modifications
thereof as are found necessary for trade and for the benefit of China
138 COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA
The Chinese Government agrees that, upon the exchange of the ratifications of
this Treaty, Mukden and Antung, both in the province of Sheng-king, will be opened
by China itself as places of international residence and trade. The selection of
fitting localities to be set apart for international use and occupation, and the regula-
tions for these places set apart for foreign residence and trade shall be agreed upon
by the Governments of the United States and China after consultation together.
Art. XIII.—China agrees to take the necessary steps to provide for a uniform
national coinage which shall be legal tender in payment of all duties, taxes and other
obligations throughout the Empire of China by the citizens of the United States as
well as Chinese subjects. It is understood, however, that all Customs duties shall
continue to be calculated and paid bn the basis of the Haikuan Tael.
Art. XIY.—The principles of the Christian religion, as professed by the Pro-
testant and Roman Catholic Churches, are recognised as teaching men to do good
and to do to others as they would have others do to them. Those who quietly pro-
fess and teach these doctrines shall not be harassed or persecuted on account of their
faith. Any person, whether citizen of the United States or Chinese convert, who,
according to these tenets, peaceably teaches and practises the principles of Chris-
tianity shall in no case be interfered with or molested therefor. No restrictions shall
be placed on Chinese joining Christian Churches. Converts and non-converts, being
Chinese subjects, shall alike conform to the laws of China; and shall pay due respect
to those in authority, living together ixi peace and amity; and the fact of being con-
verts shall not protect them from the consequences of any offence they may have com-
mitted before or may commit after their admission into the Church, or exempt them
from paying legal taxes levied on Chinese subjects generally, except taxes levied and
contributions for the support of religious customs and practices contrary to their
religion. Missionaries shall not interfere with the exercise by the native authorities
of their jurisdiction over Chinese subjects; nor shall the native authorities make any
distinction between converts and non-converts, but shall administer the laws without
partiality so that both classes can live together in peace.
Missionary societies of the United States shall be permitted to rent and to lease
in perpetuity, as the property of such societies, buildings or lands in all parts of the
Empire for missionary purposes and, after the title deeds have been found in order
and duly stamped by the local authorities, to erect such suitable buildings as may be
required for carrying on their good work.
Art. XY.—The Government of China having expressed a strong desire to reform
its judicial system and to bring it into accord with that of Western nations, the
United States agrees to give every assistance to this reform, and will also be prepared to
relinquish extraterritorial rights when satisfied that the state of the Chinese laws, the
arrangements for their administration, and other considerations warrant it in so doing.
Art. XYI.—The Government of the United States consents to the prohibition
by the Government of China of the importation into China of morphia and of instru-
ments for its injection, excepting morphia and instruments for its injection imported
for medical purposes, on payment of tariff duty, and under regulations to be framed
by China which shall effectually restrict the use of such import to the said purposes.
This prohibition shall be uniformly applied to such importation from all countries.
The Chinese Government engages to adopt at once measures to prevent the manu-
facture in China of morphia and of instruments for its injection.
Art. XYII.—It is agreed between the high contracting parties hereto that all
the provisions of the several Treaties between the United States and China which
were in force on the first day of January, a.d. 1900, are continued in full force and
effect except in so far as they are modified by the present Treaty or other Treaties to
which the United States is a party.
The present Treaty shall remain in force for a period of ten years beginning with
the date of the exchange of ratifications and until a revision is effected as hereinafter
provided.
It is further agreed that either of the high contracting parties may demand
that the Tariff and the Articles of this Convention be revised at the end of ten years
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CHINA 139
from the date of the exchange of the ratifications hereof. If no revision is demanded
before the end of the first term of ten years, then these articles in their present form
shall remain in full force for a further term of ten years reckoned from the end of
the first term and so on for successive periods of ten years.
The English and Chinese texts of the present Treaty and its three Annexes have
been carefully compared; but, in the event of there being any difference of meaning
between them, the sense as expressed in the English text shall be held to be the
correct one.
This Treaty and its three Annexes shall be ratified by the two high contracting
r-ties in conformity with their respective constitutions, and the ratifications shall
exchanged in Washington not later than twelve months from the present date.
In testimony whereof, we, the undersigned, by virtue of our respective powers,
have signed this Treaty in duplicate in the English and Chinese languages, and have
affixe ’
October in the year of our Lord one
thousand nine hundred and three, and in the twenty-ninth year of Kuang Hsu eighth
month and eighteenth day.
Annex I.
As citizens of the United States are already forbidden by Treaty to deal in or
handle opium, no mention has been made in this Treaty of opium taxation.
As the trade in salt is a Government monopoly in China, no mention has been
made in this Treaty of salt taxation.
It is, however, understood, after full discussion and consideration, that the col-
lection of inland duties on opium and salt and the means for the protection of the
revenue therefrom and for preventing illicit traffic therein are left to be administered
by the Chinese Government in such manner as shall in no wise interfere with the
provision of Article IY. of this Treaty regarding the unobstructed transit of other
goods.
Annex II.
Article IY. of the Treaty of Commerce between the United States and China of this
date provides for the retention of the native Customs offices at the open ports. For the
purpose of safeguarding the revenue of China at such places, it is understood that the
Chinese Government shall be entitled to establish and maintain such branch native
Customs offices at each open port within a reasonable distance of the main native
Customs offices at the port, as shall be deemed by the authorities of the Imperial
Maritime Customs at that port necessary to collect the revenue from the trade into
and out of such port. Such branches, as well as the principal native Customs offices
at each open port, shall be administered by the Imperial Maritime Customs as pro-
vided by the Protocol of 1901.
Annex III.
The schedule of tariff duties on imported goods annexed to this Treaty under
Article Y. is hereby mutually declared to be the schedule agreed upon between the
representatives of China and of the United States and signed by John Goodnow for
the United States and Their Excellencies Lii Hai-huan and Sheng Hsiian-huai for
China at Shanghai on the sixth day of September, a.d. 1902, according to the Proto-
col of the seventh day of September, a.d. 1901.
PORTUGAL
PROTOCOL, TREATY, CONVENTION AND AGREEMENT
BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA
Art. I—A Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with the most favoured nation
clause will be concluded and signed at Peking.
Art. II.—China confirms perpetual occupation and government of Macao and
its dependencies by Portugal, as any other Portuguese possession.
Art. III.—Portugal engages never to alienate Macao and its dependencies without
agreement with China.
Art. IV.—Portugal engages to co-operate in opium revenue work at Macao in the-
same way as England in Hongkong.
Done at Lisbon, the 26th March, 1887.
Henbique de Babbos Gomes.
James Duncan Campbell.
The Tbeaty
Ratifications Exchanged at Peking 28th April, 1888
His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algarves, and His-
Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, desiring to draw closer and to consolidate the-
ties of friendship which have subsisted for more than three hundred years between.
Portugal and China, and having agreed in Lisbon on the 26th day of March, 1887, 2nd.
day of 3rd moon of the 13th year of the reign of the Emperor Kwang Hsu, through
their representatives, on a Protocol of four Articles, have now resolved to conclude a
Treaty of Amity and Commerce to regulate the relations between the two States;
for this end they have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:—
His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal, Thomas de Souza Roza, his
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Peking, Knight of
the Order of Nossa Senhora de Conceicao de Villa Vicosa, Grand Cross of the Order of
the Rising Sun of Japan and of the Crown of Siam, Commander of the Order of Charles
II. and of Isabella the Catholic of Spain, and Knight of the Iron Crown of Austria ;
His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, His Highness Prince Ching, Pre-
sident of the Tsung-li Yamen, and Sun, Minister of the Tsung-li Yamen and Senior
Vice-President of the Board of Public Works;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers and
found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles
Art. I.—There shall continue to exist constant peace and amity between His Most
Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China,
whose respective subjects shall equally enjoy in the dominions of the high contracting
parties the most complete and decided protection for their persons and property.
Art. II.—China confirms in its entirety the second Article of the Protocol of
Lisbon, relating to the perpetual occupation and government of Macao by Portugal.
It is stipulated that Commissioners appointed by both Governments shall proceed
to the delimitation of the boundaries, which shall be determined by a special Con-
vention ; but so long as the delimitation of the boundaries is not concluded, every-
thing in respect to them shall continue as at present, without addition, diminution, or
alteration by either of the parties.
TREATY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA 141
Art. III.—Portugal confirms the third Article of the Protocol of Lisbon, relating,
to the engagement never to alienate Macao without previous agreement with China.
Art. XV.—Portugal agrees to co-operate with China in the collection of duties on
opium exported from Macao into China ports, in the same way and as long as England
co-operates with China in the collection of duties on opium exported from Hongkong.
The basis of this co-operation will be established by a Convention appended to
this Treaty, which shall be as valid and binding to both the high contracting parties
as the present Treaty.
Art. V.—His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal may appoint an.
Ambassador, Minister, or other diplomatic agent to the Court of His Im-
perial Majesty the Emperor of China, and this agent, as well as the persons of his
suite and their families, will be permitted, at the option of the Portuguese Govern-
ment, to reside permanently in Peking, to visit that Court, or to reside at any other
place where such residence is equally accorded to the diplomatic representative of other
nations. The Chinese Government may also, if it thinks fit, appoint an Ambassador^
Minister, or other diplomatic agent to reside at Lisbon, or to visit that Court when
his Government shall order.
Art. VI.—The diplomatic agents of Portugal and China shall reciprocally enjoy
in the place of their residence all the prerogatives and immunities accorded by the
laws of nations; their persons, families, and houses, as well as their correspondence
shall be inviolate.
Art. VII.—The official correspondence addressed by the Portuguese authorities to
the Chinese authorities shall be written in the Portuguese language accompanied by
a translation in Chinese, and each nation shall regard as authoritative the document
written in its own language.
Art. VIII.—The form of correspondence between the Portuguese and the Chi-
nese authorities will be regulated by their respective rank and position, based upon
complete reciprocity. Between the high Portuguese and Chinese functionaries at the
capital or elsewhere, such correspondence will take the form of dispatch (Chau-hoei);
between the subordinate functionaries of Portugal and the chief authorities of the
provinces, the former shall make use of the form of exposition (Xen-chen) and the
latter that of declaration (Cha-hsing) ; and the subordinate officers of both nations
shall correspond together on terms of perfect equality. Merchants and generally all
others who are not invested with an official character shall adopt, in addressing the
authorities, the form of representation or petition (Pin-ching).
Art. IX.—His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal may appoint
Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Consular Agents in the ports or
other places Vhere it is allowed to other nations to have them. These functionaries
will have powers and attributes similar to those of the Consuls of other nations,
and will enjoy all the exemptions, privileges, and immunities which at any time the
consular functionaries of the most favoured nation may enjoy.
The Consuls and the local authorities will show to each other reciprocal civilities
and correspond with each other on terms of perfect equality.
The Consuls and acting Consuls will rank with Taotais, Vice-Consuls, acting
Vice-Consuls, Consular Agents and interpreters-translators, with Prefects. 'Ihe
Consuls must be officials of the Portuguese Government, and not merchants. The
Chinese Government will make no objection in case the Portuguese Government
should deem it unnecessary to appoint an official Consul at any port and choose to
entrust a Consul of some other nation, for the time being, with the duties of Portu-
guese Consul at that port.
Art. X.—All the immunities and privileges, as well as all the advantages con-
cerning commerce and navigation, such as any reduction in the duties of navigation,
importation, exportation, transit or any other, which may have been or may be here-
after granted by China to any other State or to its subjects, will be immediately extended
to Portugal and its subjects. If any concession is granted by the Chinese Govern-
ment to any foreign Government under special conditions, Portugal, on claiming the
142 TREATY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINa.
same concession for herself and for her own subjects, will equally assent to the condi-
tions attached to it.
Art XE.—Portuguese subjects are allowed to reside at, or frequent, the ports of
China opened to foreign commerce and there carry on trade or employ themselves
freely. Their boats may navigate without hindrance between the ports open to foreign
commerce, and they may import and export their merchandise, enjoying all the rights
and privileges enjoyed by the subjects of the most favoured nation.
Art. XII.—Portuguese subjects shall pay import and export duties on all mer-
chandise according to the rates specified in the tariff of 1858, adopted for all the other
nations; and in no instance shall higher duties be exacted from them than those paid
by the subjects of any other foreign nation.
Art. XIII.—Portuguese subjects are permitted to hire any description of boats
they may require for the conveyance of cargo or passengers, and the price of said hire
will be fixed by the contracting parties alone, without interference by the Chinese
Government. No limit shall be put to the number of boats, neither will it be per-
mitted to any one to establish a monopoly of such boats or. of the service of coolies
employed in the carriage of merchandise.
Should contraband articles be on board any such boats, the guilty parties shall
immediately be punished according to law.
Art. XIV.—Portuguese subjects residing in the open ports may take into their
service Chinese subjects, and employ them in any lawful capacity in China, without
■restraint or hindrance from the Chinese Government; but shall not engage them for
foreign countries in contravention of the laws of China.
Art. XV.—The Chinese authorities are bound to grant the fullest protection to
the persons and to the property of Portuguese subjects in China, whenever they may
be exposed to insult or wrong. In case of robbery or incendiarism, the local autho-
rities will immediately take the necessary measures to recover the stolen property, to
terminate the disorder, to seize the guilty, and punish them according to the law.
■Similar protection will be given by Portuguese authorities to Chinese subjects in the
1 ossessions of Portugal.
Art. XVI.—Whenever a Portuguese subject intends to build or open houses,
shops or warehouses, churches, hospitals, or cemeteries, at the Treaty ports or at
other places, the purchase, rent, or lease of these properties shall be made out accord-
ing to the current terms of the place, with equity, without exaction on either side,
without offending against the usages of the people, and after due notice given by the
proprietors to the local authority. It is understood, however, that the shops or ware-
houses above mentioned shall only be allowed at the ports open to trad§, and not in
any place in the interior.
Art. XVII.—Portuguese subjects conveying merchandise between open ports
shall be required to take certificates from the Superintendent of Customs such as
are specified in the regulations in force with reference to other naliqnalities.
But Portuguese subjects, who, without carrying merchandise, would like to go
to the interior of China, must have passports issued by their Consuls and connter-
signed by the local authorities. The bearer of the passport must produce the same
when demanded, and the passport not being irregular, he will be allowed to proceed
and no opposition shall be offered, especially to his hiring persons or vessels for the
carriage of his baggage or merchandise.
If he be without a passport, or if he commits any offence against the law, he
shall be handed over to the nearest Consul of Portugal to be punished, but he must
not be subjected to an oppressive measure. No passport need be applied for by
persons going on excursions from the ports open to trade to a distance not exceeding
100 li and for a period not exceeding five days.
The provisions of this Article do not apply to crews of ships, for the due restraint
of whom regulations will be drawn up by the Consul and the local authorities.
Art. XVIII.—In the event of a Portuguese merchant vessel being plundered
by pirates or thieves within Chinese waters, the Chinese authorities are to employ
TREATY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA 14*
their utmost exertions to seize and punish the said robbers and to recover the stolen
goods, which, through the Consul, shall be restored to whom they belong.
Art. XIX.—If a Portuguese vessel be shipwrecked on the coast of China, or be
compelled to take refuge in any of the ports of the Empire, the Chinese authorities^
on receiving notice of the fact, shall provide the necessary protection, affording
prompt assistance and kind treatment to the crews and, if necessary, furnishing them
with the means to reach the nearest Consulate.
Art. XX.—Portuguese merchant vessels of more than one hundred and fifty
tons burden will pay tonnage dues at the rate of four mace per ton ; if of one hundred
and fifty tons and under they shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton. The
Superintendent of Customs shall grant a certificate declaring that the tonnage dues
have been paid.
Art. XXL—Import duties shall be paid on the landing of goods; and export
duties upon the shipment of the same.
Art. XXII.—The captain of a Portuguese ship may, when he deems convenient,
land only a part of his cargo at one of the open ports, paying the duties due on the
portion landed, the duties on the remainder not being payable until they are landed
at some other port.
Art. XXIII.—The master of a Portuguese ship has the option, within forty-
eight hours of his arrival at any of the open ports of China, but not later, to decide
•whether he will leave port without opening the hatches, and in such case he will not
have to pay tonnage dues. He is bound, however, to give notice of his arrival for
the legal registering as soon as he comes into port, under penalty of being fined in
case of non-compliance within the term of two days.
The ship will be subject to tonnage dues forty-eight hours after her arrival in
port, but neither then nor at her departure shall any other impost whatsoever be
exacted.
Art. XXIV.—All small vessels employed by Portuguese subjects in carrying
passengers, baggage, letters, provisions or any other cargo which is free of duty,
between the open ports of China, shall be free from tonnage dues; but all such vessels
carrying merchandise subject to duty shall pay tonnage dues every four months at
the rate of one mace per ton.
Art. XXV.—Portuguese merchant vessels approaching any of the open ports
will be at liberty to take a pilot to reach the harbour; and likewise to take a pilot to
leave it, in case the said ship shall have paid all the duties due by her.
Art. XXVI.—Whenever a Portuguese merchant ship shall arrive at any of the
open ports of China, the Superintendent of Customs will send off one or more
Custom-house officers, who may stay on board of their boat or on board of the ship
as best suits their convenience. These officers will get their food and all necessaries
from the Custom-house, and will not be allowed to accept any fee from the captain
of the ship or from the consignee, being liable to a penalty proportionate to the
amount received by them.
Art. XXVII.—Twenty-four hours after the arrival of a Portuguese merchant
ship at any of the open ports, the papers of the ship, manifest, and other documents,
shall be handed over to the Consul, whose duty it will be also to report to the
Superintendent of Customs within twenty-four hours, the name, the registered
tonnage, and the cargo brought by the said vessel. If, through negligence or for
any other motive, this stipulation be not complied with within forty-eight hours
after the arrival of the ship, the captain shall be subject to a fine of fifty Taels for
each day’s delay over and above that period, but the total amount of the fine shall
not exceed two hundred Taels.
The captain of the ship is responsible for the correctness of the manifest, in
which the cargo shall be minutely and truthfully described, subject to a fine of five
hundred Taels as penalty in case the manifest should be found incorrect. This fine,
however, will not be incurred if, within twenty-four hours after the delivery of the
manifest to the Custom-house officers, the captain expressed the wish to rectify any
error which may have been discovered in the said manifest.
144 TEEATY BETWEEN POETUGAL AND CHINA
Art. XXVIII.—The Superintendent of Customs will permit the discharging of
the ship as soon as he shall have received from the Consul the report drawn up in due
form. If the captain of the ship should take upon himself to commence discharging
without permission, he shall be fined five hundred Taels and the goods so discharged
shall be confiscated.
Art. XXIX.—Portuguese merchants having goods to ship or to land will have
to obtain a special permission from the Superintendent of Customs to that effect,
without which all goods shipped or landed shall be liable to confiscation.
Art. XXX.—No transhipment of goods is allowed from ship to ship without
special permission, under penalty of confiscation of all the goods so transhipped.
Art. XXXI.—When a ship shall have paid all her duties, the Superintendent
-of Customs will grant her a certificate and the Consul will return the papers, in order
that she may proceed on her voyage.
Art. XXXII.—When any doubt may arise as to the value of goods which by the
Tariff are liable to an ad valorem duty, and the Portuguese merchants disagree with
the Custom-house officers as regards the value of said goods, both. parties will call
two or three merchants to examine them, and the highest offer made by any of the
said merchants to buy the goods will be considered as their just value.
Art. XXXIII.—Duties will be paid on the net weight of every kind of merchandise.
Should there be any difference of opinion between the Portuguese merchant and the
Custom-house officer as to the mode by which the tare is to be fixed, each party will
choose a certain number of boxes or bales from among every hundred packages of
the goods in question, taking the gross weight of said packages, then the tare of each
of the packages separately, and the average tare resulting therefrom will be adopted
for the whole parcel.
In case of any doubt or dispute not mentioned herein, the Portuguese merchant
may appeal to the Consul, who will refer the case to the Superintendent of Customs;
this officer will act in such a manner as to settle the question amicably. The appeal,
however, will only be entertained if made within the term of twenty-four hours ; and
in such a case no entry is to be made in the Custom-house books in relation to the
said goods until the question shall have been settled.
Art. XXXIV.—Damaged goods will pay a reduced duty proportionate to their
■deterioration; any doubt on this point will be solved in the way indicated in the
clause of this Treaty with respect to duties payable on merchandise ad valorem.
Art. XXXV.—Any Portuguese merchant who, having imported foreign goods
into one of the open ports of China and paid the proper duties thereon, may wish to
re-export them to another of the said ports, will have to send to the Superintendent
of Customs an account of them, who, to avoid fraud, will direct his officers to examine
whether or not the duties have been paid, whether the same have been entered on the
books of the Customs, whether they retain their original marks, and whether the
entries agree with the account sent in. Should everything be found correct, the same
will be stated in the export permit together with the total amount of duties paid, and
all these particulars will be communicated to the Custom-house officers at other ports.
Upon arrival of the ship at the port to which the goods are carried, permission
will be granted to land without any new payment of duties whatsoever if, upon
any fraud bethey
examination, are found
detected, to be the
the goods mayidentical goods;bybut
be confiscated theifChinese
during Government.
the examination
Should any Portuguese merchant wish to re-export to a foreign country any
goods imported, and upon which duties have been already paid, he will have to make
his application in the same form as required for the re-exportation of goods to
another port in China, in which case a certificate of drawback or of restitution of
duties will be granted, which will be accepted by any of the Chinese Custom-houses in
payment of import or export duties.
Foreign cereals imported by Portuguese ships into the ports of China may be
re-exported without hindrance if no portion of them has been discharged.
they may XXXVI.—The Chinese authorities
deem the most convenient to avoidwill adoptor atsmuggling.
fraud the ports the measures which
TREATY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA 145
Art. XXXVII.—The proceeds of fines and confiscations inflicted on Portuguese
subjects, in conformity to this Treaty, shall belong exclusively to the Chinese
• Government.
Art. XXXVIII.—Portuguese subjects carrying goods to a market in the interior
of the country, on which the lawful import duties have already been paid at any of
the open ports, or those who buy native produce in the interior to bring to the ports
on the Yang-tsze-kiang, or to send to foreign ports, shall follow the regulations
. adopted towards the other nations.
Custom-house officers who do not comply with the regulations, or who may exact
more duties than are due, shall be punished according to the Chinese law.
Art. XXXIX.—The Consuls and local authorities shall consult together, when neces-
• sary, as to the construction of Light-houses and the placing of Buoys and Light-ships.
Art. XL.—Duties shall be paid to the bankers authorized by the Chinese Govern-
ment to receive them in sycee or in foreign coin, according to the official assay made
. at Canton on the 15th July, 1843.
Art. XLI.—In order to secure the regularity of weights and measures and to
avoid confusion, the Superintendent of Customs will hand over to the Portuguese
Consul at each of the open ports standards similar to those given by the Treasury
Department for collection of public dues to the Customs at Canton.
Art. XLII.—-Portuguese merchant ships may resort only to those ports of China
which are declared open to commerce. It is forbidden to them, except in the case of
force majeure provided for in Article XIX., to enter into other ports, or to carry
on a clandestine trade on the coast of China, and the transgressor of this order shall
be subject to confiscation of his ship and cargo by the Chinese Government.
Art. XLIII.—All Portuguese vessels despatched from one of the open ports of
China to another, or to Macao, are entitled to a certificate of the Custom-house, which
will exempt them from paying new tonnage dues, during the period of four months
reckoned from the date of clearance.
Art. XLIV.—If any Portuguese merchant ship is found smuggling, the goods
smuggled, no matter of what nature or value, will be subject to confiscation by the
Chinese authorities, who may send the ship away from the port, after settlement of
all her accounts, and prohibit her to continue to trade.
Art. XLV.—As regards the delivery of Portuguese and Chinese criminals, with
the exception of the Chinese criminals who take refuge in Macao, and foi whose
extradition the Governor of Macao will continue to follow the existing practice, after
the receipt of a due requisition from the Viceroy of the Kwangs, it is agreed that,
in the Chinese ports open to foreign trade, the Chinese criminals who take refuge at
the houses or on board ships of Portuguese subjects shall be arrested and delivered
to the Chinese authorities on their applying to the Portuguese Consul; and likewise
the Portuguese criminals who take refuge in China shall be arrested and delivered
to the Portuguese authorities on their applying to the Chinese authorities; and by
neither of the parties shall the criminals be harboured nor shall there be delay in
delivering them.
Art. XLVI.—It is agreed that either of the high contracting parties to this
Treaty may demand a revision of the Tariff, and of the commercial Articles of this
Treaty, at the end of ten years; but if no demand be made on either side within six
months after the end of the first ten years, then the Tariff shall remain in force for
ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years ; and so it shall be,
at the end of each successive ten years.
Art. XLVII.—All disputes arising between Portuguese subjects in China with
regard to rights, either of property or person, shall be submitted to the jurisdiction
of the Portuguese authorities.
Art. XLVIII.—Whenever Chinese subjects become guilty of any criminal act
towards Portuguese subjects, the Portuguese authorities must report such acts to the
Chinese authorities in order that the guilty be tried according to the laws of China.
TREATY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA
If Portuguese subjects become guilty of any criminal act towards Chinese subjects,
the Chinese authorities must report such acts to the Portuguese Consul in order that
the guilty may be tried according to the laws of Portugal.
Art. XLIX.—If any Chinese subject shall have become indebted to a Portuguese
subject and withholds payment, or fraudulently absconds from his creditors, the
Chinese authorities shall use all their efforts to apprehend him and to compel him to
pay, the debt being previously proved and the possibility of its payment ascertained.
The Portuguese authorities will likewise use their efforts to enforce the payment of
any debt due by any Portuguese subject to a Chinese subject.
But in no case will the Portuguese Government or the Chinese Government be •
considered responsible for the debts of their subjects.
Art. L.—Whenever any Portuguese subject shall have to petition the Chinese
authority of a district, he is to submit his statement beforehand to the Consul, who
will cause the same to be forwarded should he see no impropriety in so doing,
otherwise he will have it written out in other terms, or decline to forward it.
Likewise, when a Chinese subject shall have occasion to petition the Portuguese
Consul he will only be allowed to do so through the Chinese authority, who shall
proceed in the same manner.
Art. LI.—Portuguese subjects who may have any complaint or claim against
any Chinese subject, shall lay the same before the Consul, who will take due
cognizance of the case and will use all his efforts to settle it amicably. Likewise,
when a Chinese subject shall have occasion to complain of a Portuguese subject, the
Consul will listen to his complaint and will do what he possibly can to re-establish
harmony between the two parties.
If, however, the dispute be of such a nature that it cannot be settled in that
conciliatory way, the Portuguese Consul and Chinese authorities will hold a joint
investigation of the case, and decide it with equity, applying each the laws of his own
country according to the nationality of the defendant.
Art. LII.—The Catholic religion has for its essential object tbe leading of men
to virtue. Persons teaching it and professing it shall alike be entitled to efficacious
protection from the Chinese authorities ; nor shall such persons pursuing peaceably
their calling and not offending against the laws be prosecuted or interfered with.
Art. LIII,—In order to prevent for the future any discussion, and considering
that the English language, among all foreign languages, is the most generally
known in China, this Treaty, with the Convention appended to it, is written in Por-
tuguese, Chinese, and English, and signed in six copies, two in each language. All
these versions have the same sense and meaning, but if there should happen to be any
divergence in the interpretation of the Portuguese and Chinese versions, the English
text will be made use of to resolve the doubts that may have arisen.
Art. LIV.—The present Treaty, with the Convention appended to it, shall be
ratified by His Most Faithful Majesty the King of Portugal and the Algarves and
His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China. The exchange of the ratifications shall
be made, within the shortest possible time, at Tientsin, after which the Treaty,
with the Convention appended, shall be printed and published in order that the
functionaries and subjects of the two countries may have full knowledge of their
stipulations and may fulfil them.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty
and have affixed their seals thereto.
Done in Peking, this first day of the month of December in the year of Our Lord
Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, corresponding to the
Chinese date of the seventeenth day of the tenth moon of the thirteenth year of
Kwang-Hsu.
[l.s.] (Signed) Thomas de Souza Roza.
[Chinese Seal] Prince Ch’ing.
Signatures of the Chinese Plenipotentiaries. Sun-iu-uen.
CONVENTION BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND CHINA 147
Convention
It having been stipulated in the Art. IV. of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce,
concluded between Portugal and China on the 1st day of the month of December,
1887, that a Convention shall be arranged between the two high contracting parties
in order to establish a basis of co-operation in collecting the revenue on opium ex-
ported from Macao to Chinese ports, the undersigned Thomas de Souza Roza, Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Most Faithful Majesty the King
. of Portugal and the Algarves, in special mission to the Court of Peking, and His
'Highness Prince Ching, President of the Tsuug-li Yamen, and Sun, Minister of
the Tsung-li Yamen and Senior Vice-President of the Board of Public Works, Min-
isters Plenipotentiary of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, have agreed
on the following Convention in three Articles:—
Art. I.—Portugal will enact a law subjecting the opium trade of Macao to the
•following provisions:—
1. —No opium shall be imported into Macao in quantities less than one ch
2. —All opium imported into Macao must, forthwith on arrival, be repor
•the competent department under a public functionary appointed by the Portuguese
- Grovernment, to superintend the importation and exportation of opium in Macao.
3. —No opium imported into Macao shall be transhipped, landed, stored, re
•from one store to another, or exported, without a permit issued by the Superintendent.
4. —The importers and exporters of opium in Macao must keep a register,
ang to the form furnished by the Grovernment, showing with exactness and clearness
the quantity of opium they have imported, the number of chests they have sold, to
whom and to what place-they were disposed of, and the quantity in stock.
5. —Only the Macao opium farmer, and persons licensed to sell opium a
will be permitted to keep in their custody raw opium in quantities inferior to one chest.
6. —Regulations framed to enforce in Macao the execution of this law
. equivalent to those adopted in Hongkong for similar purposes.
Art. II.—Permits for the exportation of opium from Macao into Chinese ports,
, after being issued, shall be communicated by the Superintendent of Opium to the
- Commissioner of Customs at Kung-pac-uan.
Art. III.—By mutual consent of both the high contracting parties the stipula-
tions of this Convention may be altered at any time.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed this
Convention.
Done in Peking this first day of December in the year of Our Lord Jesus Christ
one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, corresponding to the Chinese date of
t the seventeenth day of the tenth moon of the thirteenth year of Kwang Hsu.
[l.s.] (Signed) Thomas de Souza Roza.
[Chinese Seal] Prince Ch’ing.
Signature of the Chinese Plenipotentiaries. Sun-iu-uen.
Agreement
The basis of the co-operation to be given to China by Portugal in the collection
of duties on opium conveyed from Macao to Chinese ports, having been fixed by a
Convention appended to the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, concluded between
• China and Portugal on the 1st December, 1887, and it being now convenient to come
to an understanding upon some points relating to the said co-operation as well as to
fixed rules for the treatment of Chinese junks trading with Macao, Bernardo Pinheiro
< Correa de Mello, Secretary of the Special Mission of His Most Faithful Majesty in
148 COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND PORTUGAL
Peking, duly authorized by His Excellency Thomas de Souza Roza, Chief of the said
Mission, and Sir Robert Hart, k.c.m.o., Inspector-General of the Chinese Imperial
Maritime Customs, provided with the necessary instructions from the Chinese-
Government, have agreed on the following:
1. —An office under a Commissioner appointed by the Foreign
the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs shall be established at a convenient spot on
Chinese territory, lor the sale of opium duty certificates, to be freely sold to merchants
and for such quantities of opium as they may require. The said Commissioner will
also administer the Customs stations near Macao.
2. —Opium accompanied by such certificates, at the rate of no
Taels per picul, shall be free from all other imposts of every sort, and have all the
benefits stipulated for by the Additional Article of the Chefoo Convention between
China and Great Britain on behalf of opium on which duty has been paid at one of
the ports of China, and may be made up in sealed parcels at the option of the purchaser.
3. —The Commissioner of Customs responsible for the mana
Customs stations shall investigate and settle any complaint made by Chinese mer-
chants of Macao against the Customs stations or revenue cruisers ; and the Governor
of Macao, if he deems it advisable, shall be entitled to send an officer of Macao to
be present and assist in the investigation and decision. If, however, they do not
agree, a reference may be made to the Authorities at Peking for a joint decision.
4. —Junks trading between Chinese ports and Macao, and their c
be subject to any dues or duties in excess of those leviable on junks and their cargoes
trading between Chinese ports and Hongkong, and no dues whatsoever shall be de-
manded from junks proceeding to Macao from ports of China, or coming from Macao
to ports in China, over and above the dues paid, or payable, at the ports of clearance
or destination. Chinese produce which has paid Customs duties and leMn tax before
entering Macao may be re-exported from Macao to Chinese ports without paying
Customs duties and leJcin tax again, and will be only subject to the payment of the
tax named Siao-hao.
In witness whereof, this agreement has been written in Portuguese and English
and signed in duplicate at Peking this the first day of December, 1887.
(Signed) Bernardo Pinheiro Correa de Mello,
Secretary of the Special Mission of His Most Faithful Majesty.
(Signed) Sir Robert Hart,
Inspector-General of Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN CHINA
AND PORTUGAL
Signed at Shanghai, November, 1904
Art. I.—The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between China and Portugal
dated the first day of December, 1887 (17th day, 10th moon, 13th year of Kwang Hsu),
continues in force except in so far as modified by the present Treaty.
Art. II.—Portugal accepts the increase in the import duties stipulated for in
Article YI. of the Peking Protocol of 7th September, 1901, from the date of the ratifica-
tion of this Treaty. Portugal will enjoy the privileges of the most favoured nation,
and in no case shall Portuguese subjects pay higher or lower duties than those paid by
the subjects of any other foreign nation. Article XII. of the Treaty of First Decem-
ber, 1887, is therefore rendered null and void.
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND PORTUGAL
Art. III.—The duty and lekin on foreign opium will continue as provided for
in existing Treaties. The Grovernraent of His Most Faithful Majesty agrees to con-
tinue as heretofore to co-operate with the Government of His Imperial Chinese
Majesty in the collection of the duty and lekin on opium exported from Macao to
China, and also to co-operate in the repression of smuggling in accordance with the
Treaty and Special Opium Convention of 1st December, 1887. In order to render this'
co-operation effective, it is clearly stipulated that all opium imported into Macao
shall, on arrival, be registered at the Special Government Bureau provided for this
purpose, and the Portuguese Government will take the necessary steps in order to
have all this opium stored under its exclusive control in a depot from which it will be
removed as required by the demands of trade. The quantity of opium required for
consumption in Macao and its dependencies will be fixed annually by the Government'
of Macao in agreement with the Commissioner of the Imperial Maritime Customs
referred to in Article II. of the above-mentioned Convention, and under no pretext;1
will removal from the Portuguese Government depot be permitted of any quantity of
opium for local consumption in excess of that fixed by the said agreement, and neces-
sary measures will be taken to prevent opium removed from the depot for re-export
to any port other than a port in China being sent fraudulently to Chinese territory.
The removal from the depot of opium for export will not be permitted except
on production of proof that such opium has already paid all dues and duties leviable’
thereon by China. The rules for the carrying out of this Article shall be arranged by
delegates from the Government of Macao and the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs;
Art. IY.—Such steps as are necessary for the repression of smuggling in the
territory and waters of Macao shall be taken by the local Portuguese Government in
concert with the Commissioner of the Imperial Maritime Customs, and- similar
steps in the Chinese territory and waters near Macao shall be taken by the Imperial
Maritime Customs in concert with the Portuguese Government of Macao. This co-
operation is intended to render such steps effective on all points in respect of which co-
operation is needed, and to avoid at the same time any injury to the sovereign rights
of either of the high contracting parties. Special delegates from the local Government
of Macao and the Imperial Maritime Customs shall proceed to fix the respective zones
of operations, and shall devise practical means for the repression of smuggling.
Art. Y.—With a view to the development of trade between Macao and neigh-
bouring ports in the Kwangtung Province, the high contracting parties have agreed
as follows:—
1. —Portuguese steamers desirous of proceeding for the purposes of
Macao to any of the ports of call and passenger stages on the West Eiver,
enumerated in the Special Article of the English-Burmah Convention of 1897, and
Article X. of the British Treaty of Commerce of 1902, shall be permitted to do so,
provided they comply with the Special Regulations to be framed for this purpose by
the two high contracting parties.
2. —Steamers specially registered for trade under the Inland Wa
Navigation Rules shall be permitted to ply between Macao and places in the Depart-
ment of Kwang-chow-fu other than those mentioned in Section 1, provided they
report to the Kungpei-kuan Customs for examination of cargo and payment of duties
in accordance with Special Regulations to be framed for this purpose by the two high
contracting parties. Such vessels may engage in all lawful trade, including the tow-
age of junks and conveyance of passengers and cargo, subject to the regulations for
the time being in force.
The privileges hereby granted are granted on the express understanding that
Special Regulations shall be framed defining in detail the conditions under which
such traffic may be carried on. Until then, the said Regulations have been agreed
upon and published, the Article shall not become operative; and subsequently only
on compliance with the said Regulations.
Art. YI.—Portugal having the right of most favoured nation treatment, it is
clearly stipulated that any advantages China may think fit to grant to any nation in
150 . COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND PORTUGAL
the importation of agricultural products, specially wines and oil, or in the importa-
tion of industrial products, specially woollen and cotton goods and preserved food-
stuffs, shall be extended to similar Portuguese goods on exactly the same conditions.
It is also clearly understood that Portuguese wine of all kinds proved by means
of certificate of origin, issued by Portuguese Consuls, to have been imported from
Portugal, direct or otherwise, shall when their alcoholic strength exceeds 14° pay
the duty leviable according to the annexed tariff on wines exceeding 14° of alcholic
strength. Wine passed through the Chinese Customs under designation “ Port
Wine ” shall not be entitled to the benefit of this Article unless accompanied by a
certificate of origin as above.
Art. YII.—Portuguese subjects may frequent, reside at, and carry on trade,
industries and manufactures, and pursue any other lawful avocation in all the ports
and localities in China which have already been or may hereafter be opened to
foreign residence and trade ; and wherever in any such ports or localities a special
area has been or may hereafter be set apart for the use and occupation of foreigners,
Portuguese subjects may t herein lease land, erect buildings, and in all respects enjoy the
same privileges and immunities as are granted to subjects of the most favoured nations.
Art. VIII.—Whereas China, with the object of reforming its fiscal system,
proposes to levy a surtax in addition to the tariff duties on all goods passing through
the Custom-houses, whether maritime or inland and frontier, in order to make good
the loss incurred by the complete abolition of lehin, the Portuguese Government agrees
that foreign goods imported into China by Portuguese subjects shall on entry pay
an import surtax equivalent to one and a half times the duty fixed by the Import
Tariff as now revised, and that Chinese produce exported abroad by Portuguese sub-
jects shall pay export duties, inclusive of the tariff export duty, not exceeding seven
and a half per cent, ad valorem, provided always that such import surtax and export
duties have been accepted by all the Powers having Treaties with China. With
regard to the produce tax, consumption tax, and excise, as well as the duties on native
opium and salt, leviable by China, Portugal further agrees to accept the same
arrangements as shall be agreed upon between all the Treaty Powers and China. It
is, however, understood that the commerce, rights, and privileges of Portugal shall
not, in consequence of this undertaking, be placed in any way at a disadvantage as
compared with the commerce, rights, and privileges of any other Power.
Art. IX.—Drawback certificates for the return of duties shall be issued by the
Imperial Maritime Customs to Portuguese subjects within twenty-one days from the
date of presentation to the Customs of the papers entitling the applicant to receive
such drawback certificates. These certificates will be accepted at their face value by
the Customs authorities at the port of issue in payment of duties of all kinds, ton-
nage dues excepted; or shall, in the case of drawbacks for duty paid on foreign
goods re-exported abroad within three years from the date of importation, be
redeemable in full in ready money by the Imperial Maritime Customs at the port of
issue, at the option of the holders thereof. But if, in connection with any applica-
tion for a drawback certificate, the Customs authorities discover an attempt on the
part of a Portuguese subject to defraud the revenue, he shall be liable to a fine not
exceeding five times the amount of the duty whereof he attempted to defraud the
Customs, or to a confiscation of the goods. In case the goods have been removed
from Chinese territory, then the Consul shall inflict on the guilty party a suitable
fine to be paid to the Chinese Government.
Art. X.—China agrees to herself establish a svstem of uniform national coinage
and provide for a uniform national currency, which shall be freely used as legal
fender in payment of all duties, taxes, and other obligations by Portuguese subjects
as well as by Chinese subjects in the Chinese Empire. It is understood, however,
that all Customs duties shall continue to be calculated and paid on the basis of the
Haikwan Tael.
Art. XI.—-The Government of His Most Faithful Majesty agrees to the prohibi-
tion by the Chinese Government of the importation into China of morphia and of
instruments for its injection, on condition, however, that the Chinese Government
COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND PORTUGAL lot
will allow the importation of morphia and of instruments for its injection for medical
purposes by Portuguese doctors, chemists, and druggists, on payment of the
prescribed duty and under special permit which will only be granted t<> an intending
importer upon h s signing at the Portuguese Consulate a suitable bond undertaking
not to sell morphia except in small quantities and on receipt of a requisition signed
by a duly qualified foreign medical practitioner. If fraud in connection with such
importation be discovered by the Customs authorities the morphia and instrument
for its injection will be seized and confiscated, and the importer will be denied the
right to import these articles.
Art. XII.—The Chinese Government recognizing that it is advantageous for
the country to develop its mineral resources, and that it is desirable to attract foreign'
as well as Chinese capital to embark in mining enterprise, agrees to revise its exist-
ing mining regulations in such manner, by the selection of those rules in force in'
other nations which seem applicable to conditions in China, that the revision, while
promoting the interests of Chinese subjects and in no way prejudicing the sovereign
rights of China, will offer no impediment to the employment of foreign capital, nor
place foreign capitalists at a greater disadvantage than they would be under generally
accepted foreign regulations, and will permit Portuguese subjects to carry on in
Chinese territory mrning operations and other necessary business relating thereto,
provided they comply with the new regulations and conditions which will be imposed
by China on its subjects and foreigners alike, relating to the opening of mines, the
renting of mineral land, and payment of royalty, and provided they apply for permits,
the provisions of which, in regard to necessary business relating to such operations,
shall be observed. The residence of Portuguese subjects in connection with such
mining operations shall be agreed upon between Portugal and China. Any mining
concession granted after the publication of such new rules shall be subject to these
provisions.
Art. XIII.—It being only right that, the shareholders of any joint stock com-
pany, or the partners in any commercial undertaking, should all be on a footing of
equality as regards division of profits and payment of obligations, according to the
partnership agreement or memorandum and articles of association, the Chinese
Government agrees that Chinese subjects joining with Portuguese subjects in the or-
ganisation of a joint stock company or commercial undertaking, legally constituted,
shall be liable to the fulfilment of the obligations imposed by said agreement or
memorandum and articles of association, and that Chinese Courts will enforce fulfil-
ment of such obligations, if a suit to that effect be entered; provided always that
their liability shall not be other or greater than that of Portuguese shareholders or
partners in the same company or partnership. Similarly Portuguese subjects who
invest their capital in Chinese enterprises shall be bound to fulfil the obligations
imposed by the partnership agreement or memorandum, and articles of association,
and their liability shall be the same as that of the Chinese subjects engaged in the
same undertaking. But as existing Treaty stipulations do not permit foreign mer-
chants to reside in the interior of China for purpose of trade, such joint stock com-
panies and commercial undertakings may be established in the interior by Portuguese
and Chinese subjects conjointly.
Art. XIY.—As Portugal affords protection to trademarks used by subjects of
any other nationality, provided a like protection is reciprocated for trademarks used
by Portuguese subjects, China, in order to obtain this protection for its subjects in
Portuguese territory, agrees to grant protection to Portuguese trademarks against
unlawful use, falsification or imitation by Chinese subjects. To this end the Chinese
Government will enact the necessary laws and regulations, and will establish
registration offices at which foreign trademarks may be registered on payment of
reasonable fees. Further, the Chinese Government agrees that, as soon as a Patent
Office has been established, and special laws with regard to inventions have been
adopted, it will, after payment of the prescribed fees, issue certificates, valid for a
fixed term of years, to Portuguese inventors, extending to their inventions the same
protection as shall be given to Chinese patents in Portugal, provided that such inven-
152 COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND PORTUGAL
-tions do not infringe on previous inventions by subjects of China. Any Chinese or
Portuguese subject who is the author, proprietor, or seller of any publication
injurious to the peace and good government of China shall be dealt with in accordance
with the laws of his own country.
Art. XY.—The Government of China having expressed a strong desire to reform
its judicial system, and to bring it into accord with that of Western nations, Portugal
agrees to give every assistance to such reform, and will also be prepared to relinquish
.extraterritorial rights when satisfied that the state of the Chinese laws, the arrange-
ments for their administration, and other considerations warrant it in so doing.
Art. XVI.—The missionary question in China demands, in the opinion of the
Chinese Government, careful consideration, so as to avert in the future troubles
which have occurred in the past. Portugal, as a nation specially interested in the
•protection of its Catholic missions in Chinese territory, agrees to join in a commission
to investigate this question and, if possible, to devise means for securing permanent
ipeace between converts and non-converts, should such a commission be formed by
• China and the Treaty Powers interested. No person, whether Portuguese subject or
Chinese convert who, according to the tenets of Christianity, peaceably teaches or
practises the principles of that religion, which aims at teaching men to do good, shall
be persecuted or harassed on account of his faith. But converts and non-converts,
being alike subjects of China, shall conform to her laws, and shall pay due respect
-to those in authority, living together in peace and amity; and the fact of his being
a convert shall protect no one from the consequence of any offence he may have
committed before or may commit after his admission into the Church, or exempt him
from paying legal taxes and contributions levied for the support of religious customs and
practices contrary to his faith. Missionaries shall not interfere with the exercise by
-the native authorities of their jurisdiction over Chinese subjects, nor shall the native
authorities make any distinction between converts and non-converts, but shall
administer the law without partiality, so that both classes may live together in peace.
Portuguese missions shall be permitted to rent and lease in perpetuity, as the
property of the mission, buildings or lands in all parts of the Empire for mission
purposes, and, after the title-deeds have been found in order and duly stamped by the
local authorities, to erect such suitable buildings as may be required for carrying out
their good work.
Art. XVII.—The present Treaty shall remain in force for a period of ten years
beginning with the date of the exchange of ratifications and until a revision is effected
as hereinafter provided.
It is further agreed that either of the two high contracting parties may
demand revision of the Tariff and the Articles of the Treaty six months before the
.end of ten years from the date of the exchange of ratifications thereof. If no re-
vision is demanded before the end of the first term of the ten years, then these Articles
in their present form shall remain in full force for a further term of ten years
reckoned from the end of the first term and so on for successive periods of ten years.
Art. XVIII.—In order to prevent in the future any discussion, this Treaty is
written in Portuguese, Chinese and English, and signed in six copies, two in each lan-
guage. All these versions have the same sense and meaning, but if there should happen
-to be any divergence in the interpretation of the Portuguese and Chinese versions,
the English text will be made use of to resolve the doubts that may have arisen.
Art. XIX.—The present Treaty shall be ratified by His Most Faithful Majesty
the King of Portugal and Algarves and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China.
The exchange of the ratifications shall be made within the shortest possible time,
and the Treaty
subjects will be printed
of the respective and published,
countries in knowledge
may have full order that oftheitsfunctionaries
stipulations and
and
may fulfil them.
In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty
.a'd have affixed their seals thereto.
JAPAN
TREATY OE PEACE BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
Signed at Shimonoseki (Bakan), Japan, on the 17th April, 1895
Ratifications Exchanged at Chefoo, China, on the 8th May, 1895
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and His Majesty the Emperor of China-
desiring to restore the blessings of peace to their countries and subjects, and to*
remove all cause for future complications, have named as their Plenipotentiaries for
the purpose of concluding a Treaty of Peace, that is to say:—
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Count Ito Hirobumi, Junii, Grand Cross of
the Imperial Order of Paullownia, Minister-President of State, and Viscount Mutsu
Munemitsu, Junii, First Class of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, Minister
of State for Foreign Affairs;
And His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li Hung Chang, Senior Tutor to the-
Heir Apparent, Senior Grand Secretary of State, Minister Superintendent of Trade
for the Northern Ports of China, Viceroy of the Province of Chihli, and Earl of the
First Bank, and Li Ching Fong, ex-Minister of the Diplomatic Service of the Second
Official Bank;
Who, after having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in good
and proper form, have agreed to the following Articles:—
Art. I.—China recognizes definitely the full and complete independence and
autonomy of Corea, and, in consequence, the payment of tribute and the perform-
ance of ceremonies and formalities by Corea to China in derogation of such independ-
ence and autonomy shall wholly cease for the future.
Art. II.—China cedes to Japan in perpetuity and full sovereignty the follow-
ing territories, together with all fortifications, arsenals, and public property thereon:—
(a.) The southern portion of the Province of Feng-tien, within the following
boundaries—
The line of demarcation begins at the mouth of the Biver Yalu, and ascends that
stream to the mouth of the Biver An-ping; from thence the line runs to Feng Huang •
from thence to Haicheng; from thence to Ying Kow, forming a line which describes
the southern portion of the territory. The places above named are included in the
ceded territory. When the line reaches the Biver Liao at Ying Kow it follow the
course of that stream to its mouth, where it terminates. The mid-channel of the
Biver Liao shall be taken as the line of demarcation.
This cession also includes all islands appertaining or belonging to the Province
of Feng Tien situated in the eastern portion of the Bay of Liao Tung, and in the
northern part of the Yellow Sea.
(5.) The Island of Formosa, together with all islands appertaining or belonging
to the said Island of Formosa.
154 TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
(c.) The Pescadores Group, that is to say, all islands lying between £he 119th
and 120th degrees of longitude east of Greenwich and the 23rd and 24th degrees of
north latitude.
Art. III.—The alignments of the frontiers described in the preceding Article, and
shown on the annexed map, shall be subject to verification and demarcation on the
spot by a Joint Commission of Delimitation, consisting of two or more Japanese and
two or more Chinese Delegates, to be appointed immediately after the exchange of
the ratifications of this Act. In case the boundaries laid down in this Act are found
•to be defective at any point, either on account of topography or in consideration of
good administration, it shall also be the duty of the Delimitation Commission to
rectify the same.
The Delimitation Commission will enter upon its duties as soon as possible, and
will bring its labours to a conclusion within the period of one year after appointment.
The alignments laid down in this Act shall, however, be maintained until the
ratifications of the Delimitation Commission, if any are made, shall have received
■the approval of the Governments of Japan and China.
Art. IY.—China agrees to pay to Japan as a war indemnity the sum of 200,000,000
Kuping taels. The said sum to be paid in eight instalments. The first instalment of
.50,000,000 taels to be paid within six months, and the second instalment of 50,000,000
itaels to be paid within twelve months, after the exchange of the ratifications of this
Act. The remaining sum to be paid in six equal annual instalments as follows : the
•first of such equal annual instalments to be paid within two years, the second with-
in three years, the third within four years, the fourth within five years, the fifth
within six years, and the sixth within seven years after the exchange of the ratifications
of this Act. Interest at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum shall begin to run on all
.unpaid portions of the said indemnity from the date the first instalment
falls due.
China shall, however, have the right to pay by anticipation at any time any or
all of said instalments. In case the whole amount of the said indemnity is paid
within three years after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Act, all
.interest shall be waived, and the interest for two years and a half, or for any less
period if then already paid, shall be included as a part of the principal amount of
the indemnity.
Art. Y.—The inhabitants of the territories ceded to Japan who wish to take up
their residence outside the ceded districts shall be at liberty to sell their real property
and retire. For this purpose a period of two years from the date of the exchange
of the ratifications of the present Act shall be granted. At the expiration of that
period those of the inhabitants who shall not have left such territories shall, at the
option of Japan, be deemed to be Japanese subjects.
Each of the two Governments shall, immediately upon the exchange of the
ratifications of the present Act, send one or more Commissioners to Formosa to effect
a final transfer of that province, and within the space of two months after the
exchange of the ratifications of this Act such transfer shall be completed.
Art. YI. —All Treaties between Japan and China having come to an end in
consequence of war, China engages, immediately upon the exchange of the ratifica-
tions of this Act, to appoint Plenipotentiaries to conclude with the Japanese Pleni-
potentiaries a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, and a Convention to regulate
frontier intercourse and trade. The Treaties, Conventions, and Regulations, now
subsisting between China and European Powers, shall serve as a basis for the said
Treaty and Convention between Japan and China. From the date of the exchange
of the ratifications of this Act until the said Treaty and Convention are brought
into actual operation, the Japanese Government, its officials, commerce, navigation,
frontier inte-conrse and trade, industries, ships and subjects, shall in every respect
be accorded by China most favoured nation treatment.
China makes, in addition, the following concessions to take effect six months
atter the date of the present Act: —
TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 15&
1. The following cities, towns, and ports, in addition to those already opened
shall be opened to the trade, residence, industries, and manufactures of Japanese
subjects under the same conditions, and with the same privileges and facilities as
exist at the present open cities, towns, and ports of China.
(a.) Shashih, in the Province of Hupeh.
(b.) Chung King, in the Province of Szechuan,
(c.) Suchow, in the Province of Kiang Su.
(d.) Hangchow, in the Province of Chekiang.
The Japanese Government shall have the right to station Consuls at any or all
of the above-named places.
2. Steam navigation for vessels under the Japanese flag for the conveyance of
passengers and cargo shall be extended to the following places:—
(a.) On the Upper Yangtsze River, from Ichang to Chung King.
(b.) On the Woosung River, and the Canal, from Shanghai to Suchow and
Hangchow.
The Rules and Regulations which now govern the navigation of the inland waters
of China by foreign vessels, shall, so far as applicable, be enforced in respect
of the above-named routes, until new Rules and Regulations are conjointly
agreed to.
3. Japanese subjects purchasing goods or produce in the interior of China or
transporting imported merchandise into the interior of China, shall have the right
temporarily to rent or hire warehouses for the storage of the articles so purchased or
transported, without the payment of any taxes or exactions whatever.
4. Japanese subjects shall be free to engage in all kinds of manufacturing
industries in all the open cities, towns, and ports of China, and shall be at liberty to
import into China all kinds ot machinery, paying only the stipulated import duties
thereon.
All articles manufactured by Japanese subjects in China, shall in respect of
inland transit and internal taxes, duties, charges, and exactions of all kinds and also
in respect of warehousing and storage facilities in the interior of China, stand upon
the same footing and enjoy tbe same privileges and exemptions as merchandise
imported by Japanese subjects into China.
In the event of additional Rules and Regulations being necessary in connection
with these concessions, they shall be embodied in the Treaty of Commerce and
Navigation provided for by this Article.
Art. VII.—Subject to the provisions of the next succeeding Article, the evacua-
tion of China by the armies of Japan shall be completely effected within three
months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Act.
Art. VIII.—As a guarantee of the faithful performance of the stipulations of
this Act, China consents to the temporary occupation by the military forces of Japan,
of Wei-hai-wei, in the Province of Shantung.
Upon the payment of the first two instalments of the war indemnity herein
stipulated for and the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of Commerce and
Navigation, the said place shall be evacuated by the Japanese forces, provided the
Chinese Government consents to pledge, under suitable and sufficient arrangements,
the Customs Revenue of China as security for the payment of the principal and
interest of the remaining instalments of said indemnity. In the event of no such!
arrangement being concluded, such evacuation shall only take place upon the pay-
• ment of the final instalment of said indemnity.
It is, however, expressly understood that no such evacuation shall take place
until after the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of Commerce and:
Navigation.
Art. IX.—Immediately upon the exchange of the ratifications of this Act, all
prisoners of war then held shall be restored, and China undertakes not to ill-treat or
150 TREATY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA
punish prisoners of war so restored to her by Japan. China also engages to at once
release all Japanese subjects accused of being military spies or charged with any
other military offences. China further engages not to punish in any manner, nor to
allow to be punished, those Chinese subjects who have in any manner been
. compromised in their relations with the Japanese army during the war.
Art. X.—All offensive military operations shall cease upon the exchange of the
ratifications of this Act.
Art. XI.—The present Act shall be ratified by their Majesties the Emperor of
Japan and the Emperor of China, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Chefoo
on the eighth day of the fifth month of the twenty-eighth year of Meiji, corresponding
to the fourteenth day of the fourth month of the twenty-first year of Kuang Hsii.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same and
have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Shimonoseki, in duplicate, this seventeenth day of the fourth month
. of the twenty-eighth year of Meiji, corresponding to the twenty-third of the third
.month of the twenty-first year of Kwang Hsii.
[l.s.] Count Ito Hirobumi, Junii, Grand Cross of the
Imperial Order of Paullownia, Minister-President
of State, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor
of Japan.
[l.s.] Viscount Mtjtsu Munemitsu, Junii, First Class
of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure,
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Plenipotentiary
of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.
[l.s.] Li Hung-Chang, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the
Emperor of China, Senior Tutor to the Heir Ap-
parent, Senior Grand Secretary of Northern Ports
of China, Viceroy of the Province of Chihli, and Earl
of the First Bank.
£l.s.] Li Ching-Fong, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the
Emperor of China, Ex-Minister of the Diplomatic
Service, of the Second Official Rank.
TREATY OE COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION
Made at Peking, July 21st, 1896
# Hisresolved,
having Majesty inthepursuance
Emperor ofof the
Japan and Hisof Majesty
provisions theofEmperor
Article VI. the Treatyof signed
China
at Shimonoseki on the 17th day of the 4th month of the 28th year of Meiji,
.corresponding to the 23rd day of the 3rd month of the 21st year of Kwang-Hsii, to
. conclude a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, have for that purpose, named as
-their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:—
TEEATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN 157
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Baron Hayashi Tadasu, Shosbii, Grand
•Cross of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, Grand Officer of the Imperial
Order of the Rising Sun, Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary; and
His Majesty the Emperor of China, Chang Yin-hoon, Minister of the Tsung-li
Yamen, holding the rank of the President of a Board and Senior Vice-President
of the Board of Revenue.
Who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, found to be
in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles :—
Art. I.—There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between His Majesty
the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their
respective subjects, who shall enjoy equally in the respective countries of the high
contracting parties full and entire protection for their persons and property.
Art. II.—It is agreed by the high contracting parties that His Majesty the
Emperor of Japan may, if he see fit, accredit a Diplomatic Agent to the Court
of Peking and His Majesty the Emperor of China may, if he see fit, accredit a
Diplomatic Agent to the Court of Tokyo.
The Diplomatic Agents thus accredited shall respectively enjoy all the pre-
rogatives, privileges and immunities accorded by international law to such Agents,
and they shall also in all respects be entitled to the treatment extended to similar
Agents of the most favoured nation.
Their persons, families, suites, establishments, residences and correspondence
shall be held inviolable. They shall be at liberty to select and appoint their
own officers, couriers, interpreters, servants, and attendants without any kind of
molestation.
Art. III.—His Majesty the Emperor of Japan may appoint Consuls-General,
Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents to reside at such of the ports, cities, and
towns of China which are now or may hereafter be opened to foreign residence and
trade, as the interests of the Empire of Japan may require.
These officers shall be treated with due respect by the Chinese Authorities, and
they shall enjoy all the attributes, authority, jurisdiction, privileges and immunities
which are or may hereafter be extended to similar officers of the nation most favoured
in these respects.
His Majesty the Emperor of China may likewise appoint Consuls-General, Con suls,
Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents to reside at any or all of those places in Japan
•where Consular officers of other nations are now or may hereafter be admitted, and,
saving in the matter of jurisdiction in respect of Chinese subjects and property in
. Japan which is reserved to the Japanese Judicial Courts, they shall enjoy the rights
•and privileges that are usually accorded to such officers.
Art. IV.—Japanese subjects may, with their families, employes and servants,
•frequent, reside and carry on trade, industries and manufactures or pursue any other
lawful avocations in all the ports, cities and towns of China, which are now or may
hereafter be opened to foreign residence and trade. They are at liberty to proceed to
or from any of the open ports with their merchandise and effects, and within the
localities at those places which have already been or may hereafter be set apart for
-the use and occupation of foreigners, they are allowed to rent or purchase houses,
rent or lease land and to build churches, cemeteries and hospitals, enjoying in all
•respects the same privileges and immunities as are now or may hereafter be granted
•to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation.
Art. V.—Japanese vessels may touch for the purpose of landing and shipping
passengers and merchandise, in accordance with the existing Rules and Regulations
concerning foreign trade there, at all those places in China which are now ports of
■call, namely, Ngan-ching, Ta-tung, Hu-kow, Wu-sueh, Lu-chi-kow and Woosung
and such other places as may hereafter be made ports of call also. If any vessel
should unlawfully enter ports other than open ports and ports of call in China or
carry on clandestine trade along the coast or rivers, the vessel with her cargo shall be
subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.
158 TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN
Art. VI.—Japanese subjects may travel, for their pleasure or for purpose o£
trade, to all parts of the interior of China, under passports issued by Japanese Consuls
and countersigned by the local authorities. These passports, if demanded, must be'
produced for examination in the localities passed through. If the passports be not
irregular, the bearers will be allowed to proceed and no opposition shall be offered
to their hiring of persons, animals, carts or vessels for their own conveyance or for'
the carriage of their personal effects or merchandise. If they be without passports or
if they commit any offence against the law, they shall be handed over to the nearest
Consul for punishment, but they shall only be subject to necessary restraint and in no
case to ill-usage. Such passports shall remain in force for a period of 13 Chinese
months from the date of issue. Any Japanese subject travelling in the interior'
without a passport shall he liable to a fine not exceeding 300 Taels. Japanese sub-
jects may, however, without passports go on excursions from any of the ports open>
to trade, to a distance not exceeding 100 Chinese li and for a period not exceeding
five ( ays. The provisions of this article do not apply to crews of ships.
Art. VII.—Japanese subjects residing in the open ports of China may take
into their service Chinese subjects and employ them in any lawful capacity without
restraint or hindrance from the Chinese Government or authorities.
Art. VIII.—Japanese subjects may hire whatever boats they please for the
conveyance of cargo or passengers and the sum to be paid for such boats shall be
settled between the parties themselves, without the interference of the Chinese-
Government or officers. No limit shall be put upon the number of boats, neither
shall a monopoly, in respect either of the boats or of the porters or coolies engaged
in carrying goods, be granted to any parties. If any smuggling takes place in
them the offenders will of course be punished according to law.
Art. IX.—The Tariffs and Tariff Rules now in force between China and
the Western Powers shall be applicable to all articles upon importation into
China by Japanese subjects or from Japan, or upon exportation from China
by Japanese subjects or to Japan. It is clearly understood that all articles, the
importation or exportation of which is not expressly limited or prohibited by the
Tariffs and Tariff Rules existing between China and the Western Powers, may be
freely imported into and exported from China, subject only to the payment of the
stipulated import or export duties. But in no case shall Japanese subjects be called
upon to pay in China other or higher import or export duties than are or may
be paid by the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation; nor shall any
article imported into China from Japan or exported from China to Japan, be
charged upon such importation or exportation, other or higher duties than are now
or may hereafter be imposed in China on the like article when imported from or
exported to the nation most favoured in those respects.
Art. X.—All articles duly imported into China by Japanese subjects or from
Japan shall, while being transported, subject to the existing Regulations, from one
open port to another, bo wholly exempt from all taxes, imposts, duties, lekin, charges
and exactions of every nature and kind whatsoever, irrespective of the nationality
of the owner or possessor of the articles, or the nationality of the conveyance or
vessel in which the transportation is made.
Art. XI.—It shall be at the option of any Japanese subject desiring to convey
duly imported articles to an inland market, to clear his goods of all transit duties
by payment of a commutation transit tax or duty, equal to one-half of the import
duty in respect of dutiable articles, and two and a half per cent, upon the value in
respect of duty-free articles; and on payment thereof a certificate shall be issued
which shall exempt the goods from all further inland charges whatsoever.
It is understood that this Article does not apply to imported Opium.
Art. XII.—All Chinese goods and produce purchased by Japanese subjects in
China elsewhere than at an open port thereof and intended for export abroad, shall
in every part of China be freed from all taxes, imposts, duties, lekin, charges and
exactions of every nature and kind whatsoever, saving only export duties when
exported, upon the payment of a commutation transit tax or duty calculated at the
TREATY BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN 159
rate mentioned in the last preceding Article, substituting export duty for import .
duty, provided such goods and produce are actually exported to a foreign country
within the period of 12 months from the date of the payment of the transit tax.
All Chinese goods and produce purchased by Japanese subjects at the open ports of
China, and of which export to foreign countries is not prohibited, shall be exempt
from all internal taxes, imposts, duties, lehin, charges and exactions of every
nature and kind whatsoever, saving only export duties upon exportation, and ail
articles purchased I»y Japanese subjects in any part of China, may also, for the
purposes of export abroad, be transported from open port to open port subject to
the existing' Rules and Regulations.
Art. XIII.—Merchandise of a bond fide foreign origin, in respect of which full
import duty shall have been paid, may at any time within three years from the date
of importation, be re-exported from China by Japanese subjects to any foreign
country, without the payment of any export duty, and the re-exporters shall, in
addition, be entitled forthwith to receive from the Chinese Customs drawback certi-
ficates for the amount of import duty paid thereon, provided that the merchandise
remains intact and unchanged in its original packages. Such drawback certificates
shall be immediately redeemable in ready money by the Chinese Customs Authorities
at the option of the holders thereof.
Art. XIV.—The Chinese Government consents to the establishment of Bonded
Warehouses at the several open ports of China. Regulations on the subject shall
be maile hereafter.
Art. XV.-—Japanese merchant vessels of more than 150 tons burden, entering
the open ports of China, shall be charged tonnage dues at the rate of 4 mace per
registered .ton ; if of 160 tons and under, they shall be charged at the rate of 1 mace
per registered ton. But any such vessel taking its departure within 48 hours after
arrival, without breaking bulk, shall be exempt from the payment of tonnage dues.
Japanese vessels having paid the above specified tonnage dues shall thereafter
be exempt from all tonnage dues in all the open ports and ports of call of China, for
the period of four months from the date of clearance from the port where the pay-
ment of such tonnage dues is made. Japanese vessels shall not, however, be required
to pay tonnage dues for the period during which they are actually undergoing repairs
in China.
No tonnage dues shall be payable on small vessels and boats employed by
Japanese subjects in the conveyance of passengers’ baggage, letters, or duty-free
articles between any of the open ports of China. All small vessels and cargo boats,
however, conveying merchandise which is, at the time of such conveying, subject
to duty, shall pav tonnage dues once in four months at the rate of 1 mace per ton.
No fee or charges, other than tonnage dues, shall be levied upon Japanese
v