港史文本 - HK In Texts: Sessional Papers

PAPERS LAID BEFORE THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF HONGKONG 1904

Table of Contents

1. Alcoholic Liquors

Report on Examination of Samples of

2. Assessment

Report on, for 1904-1905

3. Bacteriologist, Government

Report for 1903

4. Blake, Sir H. A. - Services as Govervor

Despatch from Secretary of State

5. Blue Book

Report on, for 1903

6. Botanical and afforestation

Report for 1903

7. Cattle Disease

Report on, By Drs. Hunter and Gibson

8. Chinese infantile Mortality

Report of Committee of inquiry

9. Education

Report for 1903

10. Estimates of Expenditure, 1905

Abstract Shewing Differences Between Estimates for 1904 and 1905

11. Estimates of Expenditure, 1905

Memorandum Explaining

12. Finance Committee

Report of Proceedings of the Finance Committee (1904)

13. Financial Returns

For 1903

14. Financial Statements

In Connection With Estimates for 1905

15. Fire Brigade

Report for 1903

16. Gaol

Report for 1903

17. Governor's Salary, increase to

Despatch from Secretary of State

18. Harbour Master

Report for 1903

19. Hung Tsun-Fuk Murder Case

Correspondence

20. Land Court, New Territory

Revised Estimate for 1904

21. Legislative Council

Proceedings for 1904

22. Marine Lot No. 184

Despatch from Secretary of State on Petition Re

23. Medical

Report for 1903

24. Medical officer of Health

Report for 1903

25. New Territory

Report on Survey of, By Mr. Newland

26. Observatory

Report for 1903

27. Pension Fund, Widows and Orphans

Report for 1903

28. Plague

Report on Epidemic of, in 1903

29. Plague

Government Bacteriologist's Report on

30. Po Leung Kuk

Report for 1903

31. Police and Crime

Report for 1903

32. Police force, increase to

Despatch from Secretary of State

33. Police Probationers

Despatch from Secretary of State

34. Post office

Report for 1903

35. Public Works

Report for 1903

36. Public Works Committee

Report of Proceedings of Public Works Committee (1904)

37. Queen's College

Report By Examiners of

38. Queen's College

Report for 1903

39. Registrar General

Report for 1903

40. Sanitary

Report for 1903

41. Sanitary Condition of Hongkong

Report for 1903

42. Sanitary Surveyor

Report for 1903

43. Sterling Salaries Scheme

Appointments included in

44. Subordinate Court Returns

For 1903

45. Supreme Court

Report and Returns By Registrar of, for 1903

46. Tropical Diseases Research

Despatch from Secretary of State

47. Tung Wa Hospital

Report on

48. Veterinary Surgeon, Colonial

Report for 1903

49. Violation of British Territory : Des Voeux Road Murder

Corresponence on

50. Volunteer Corps, Hongkong

Report for 1903-1904

51. Waterworks Scheme, Tytam Tuk

Despatch from Secretary of State

[ XLVI ]

Table showing the amounts of Chinese Liquors distilled in, imported into, sold in, and exported from Hongkong during 1897, by Chinese holders of Distillery Licences, and other particulars.

sell, export, and import Chinoso Liquors.] [It should be remembered that thoso Statistics refer only to the business done by Chinese holders of Distillery Licences. There are also 259 holders of Chine su

c.=culty.

Spirit Licences when

Lou-Pun-Ghau-

Amount of Chinese Liquor distilled,

895,930 c.

63,568 c.

1,979,831 c. cONSISTING OF :---

Total of Chinese

Liquor distilled and imported.

--Shoung-Ching-Chau -

--Sun-Ching-Chau-

1,979,831 c.

20,300 c.

12,986 c.

1,007,347

2,000,131 c.

Amount of Chinose Liquor imported,

20,300 c. of Len Phu Chun.

2,011,883 e. CONSISTING OF:-

Leu Pun Chan.

Sheung Ching Chau.

Sam Ching Chan.

Fa Chan.

Amount of Chinese Liquor sold for export and local consumption,

634,279 c.

17,894 c.

11,800 e.

457,668 c.

Other Lignor prepared by means of Leù Pân Chau or Fa Chan.

860,241 c.

Amount of Chinese Liquor

sold locally.

328,057 c. CONSISTING OF :—

Lon Pun

Sheung Sam

Ching

Mui

Muk

Ning

Shüt Li | No Mei

Ka l'i

Chau.

Ching

Chan.

Amount of Chinese Liquor

Chau.

Mai

Chau.

Kwai

Chau.

Chan.

Chau.

Man Kan

Chan.

Kwa

Mun

Chang

Chan.

Chau,

Chau. Chau.

known to have beon ex- ported, .

Received

by places.

Total.

|201,760c. 10,096 c.|10,526 c. | 1,000 c.¦ 6,643 c.

371 c. 88,935 c.

1,144 c.

562 c.

1,330 c.

90 c.

150c. 150 c.

Australia received

British North Borneo ro-

ceived

150c.

8,154c.

100 c.

180 c.: 1,569 c.

13,747 c.

1,062 c.

966 c.

China received

|201,760 c. 8,146 c.

820 c.

100 c.

4,400 c.

...

Sandwich Islands received..

...

Japan received

1,800 c.

Philippino Islands received

150c.

202 c.

1,750 c.

180c.

Straits Settlements received

...

Peru received

960 c.

...

.....

United States of America received

660 c.

114c.

281 c.

90c.

35,100 c.]

1,001 c.

882 c.

382 c.

33,800 c.

787 c.

180c.

202 c.

150c.

150 c. | 26,128 c.

350 c.

215,126 c.

761c.

40,650 c.

1,832 c.

35,100 c.

960 c.

162 c.

90c.

2,147 c.

2,011,885 c.

323,057 c.

Amount of Fa Chân used by distillers for making Vinegar,

201,260 r.

1,688,828 c.

;

NO. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE ASSESSMENT FOR THE YEAR 1904-1905.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

ASSESSOR'S OFFICE, HONGKONG, 18th July, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit my Report on the Assessment for the year 1904-1905.

Theity of Victoria.

2. The result of the new Valuation is that the Rateable Value of the City of Victoria is, in the list which came into force on the 1st instant, $8,342,470, as compared with last year's (1903-1904) Assessment $7,427,100--an increase in Rateable Value of $915,370, equivalent to 12.32 per cent.

last

The Hill District.

3. The Rateable Value of the Hill District in now $230,205, against $199,910 year-an increase of $30,295 or 15.15 per cent.

Aberdeen,

4. The Rateable Value of Aberdeen is now $29,605, against $26,687 last year an increase of $2,918 or 10.93 per cent.

Hongkong Villages.

5. The Rateable Value of the Hongkong Villages has increased from $194,051 to $204,766--an addition of $10,715 or 5.52 per cent.-

Kowloon Point,

6. The Rateable Value of Kowloon Point (Tsimshatsui) is now $370,650, against $308,175-an increase of $62,475 or 20.27 per cent.

Yaumati.

7. The Rateable Value of Yaumati amounts to $253,160, compared with $232,245 last year-an increase of $20,915 or 9.00 per cent.

Hung Hom.

8. The Rateable Value of Hung Hom is $199,710, against $164,550-an increase of $35,160 or 21.36 per cent.

Kowloon Villages.

9. The Rateable Value of the Kowloon Villages, i.e., the remainder of old Kowloon, is now $259,955, as compared with $196,925 last year--an increase of $63,030 or 32.00 per cent.

The Whole Colony.

10. The Rateable Value of the whole Colony in now $9,890,521, as compared with last year's Assessment of $8,749,643—an increase of $1,140,878 or 13.03 per cent.

Interim Valuations.

11. During the period from 1st July, 1903, to 1st June, 1904, Interim Valuations have been made as follows :-

213 New and/or rebuilt tenements, rateable value,

In the City of Victoria.

40 Improved tenements, rateable value,.

Replacing Assessments amounting to,

$391,585

.$130,595 83,685

16,910

438,495

33,430

$ 405,065

80 Assessments cancelled, tenements pulled down, or being

in other respects not rateable,

Increase in City of Victoria,

510

In the Rest of the Colony.

316 New and/or rebuilt tenements, rateable value,

13 Improved tenements, rateable value,.

Replacing Assessments amounting to,...............

$126,690

$30,900

9,070

21,830

148,520

29 Assessments cancelled, tenements pulled down or being

in other respects not rateable,.

21,225

Increase in the Rest of the Colony,

$ 127,295

The total number of tenements affected by Interim Valuations being 691.

Vacant Tenements.

12. The number of reported vacant tenements in the City of Victoria inspected under Section 35 of the Rating Ordinance averaged about 155 monthly, against 165 last year.

Tabular Statements.

13. The usual tabular statements giving comparisons of the Valuation for 1903-1904 and the new Valuation for 1904-1905 are attached.

Staff.

14. Mr. CHEUNG YUK FAI and Mr. CHUNG LAI KAM have discharged their duties to my satisfaction, the latter was transferred to the Land Office on the 1st instant. Mr. TAI TIN SHANG has been appointed to fill the vacancy.

The Honourable,

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Colonial Treasurer.

I have, &c.,

ARTHUR CHAPMAN,

Assessor.

Table A.

THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

No.

District.

Valuation, Valuation, 1903-1904 | 1904-1905.

Increase.

Decrease. Percentage.

ช

Kennedy Town,

134,335

168,415

34,080

2 Shek Tong Tsui,

314,290

351,800

37,510

Sai Ying Pun,

1,689,070

1 933,655

244,585

Tai Ping Shan,.......

621.940

700,140

78,200

5 Sheung Wan,

988,990

1,077,560

88,570

Chung, Wan,

2,731.990

3,117,915

385.925

Ha Wan,

331,325

349,045

17,720

Wan Tsai,.

381,345

401,175 22,830

Bowrington,

98,125

10.

Soo Kon Poo,

135,690

93,265 146,500 10,810

4,860

7,427,100 | 8,342,470

920,230

4,869

Deduct Decrease,

4,860

Total Increase,....

915,370

12.82

511

Table B.

THE HILL DISTRICT, ABERDEEN AND HONGKONG VILLAGES.

District.

The Hill District,

Aberdeen,

Hongkong Villages,

Valuation, Valuation, 1903-1904. 1904-1905.

Increase. Percentage.

199,910

230,205

30,295

15.15

26,687

29,605

2,918

10.93

194,051

204,766

10,715

5.52

420,648

464,576 43,928

10.44

Table C.

KOWLOON POINT, YAUMATI, HUNG-HOM AND

KOWLOON VILLAGES.

District.

Valuation, Valuation, 1903-1904. 1904-1905.

Increase. Percentage.

Kowloon Point,

308,175 370,650

62,475

20.27

Yaumati,

232,245 253,160

20,915

9.00

Hung-hom,

Kowloon Villages,

164,550

199,710

35,160

21.36

196,925 259.955

63,030

32.00

ยัง

901,895 1,083,475 181,580

20.13

Table D.

THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.

District.

Valuation, Valuation, 1903-1904. 1904-1905.

Increase. Percentage.

The City of Victoria,

Hill District and Hongkong

7,427,100 8,342,470 915,370

12.32

Villages,

420,648 464,576

43,928

10.44

Kowloon Point and Kowloon

Villages,

901,895 1,083,475 181,580

20.13

S 8,749,6439,890,521 | 1,140,878

13.03

ARTHUR CHAI MAN,

Assessor.

512

MEMORANDUM BY THE COLONIAL TREASURER.

ANNUAL RATES.

Valuation,

1903-1904.

Valuation, 1904-1905.

Increase.

$ "'.

$ C.

Victoria.

965,376 12 1,084,431.08

119,054.96

Hill District,

21,461.48

24,717.80

3,256.32

Aberdeen.

2,402.36

2,665.00

262.64

Hongkong Villages,

15,621.44

16,528.44

907.00

Kowloon Point.

37,043.92

44,696.24

7,652.32

Yaumati,

28,451.00 31,014.68

2.563.68

Hung-hom,

20,157.96

24.462.24

4,304.28

Kowloon Villages,

18,122.44

25,561.92

7,439.48

$ 1,108,636.721,254,077.40

145,440.68

22nd July, 1904.

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Treasurer.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT BACTERIOLOGIST, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

No.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

GOVERNMENT PUBLIC MORTUARY, 18th February, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward my report for 1903.

1904

I have, &c.,

The Honourable

J. M. ATKINSON, M.B., &c.,

Principal Civil Medical Officer,

&C..

&c.,

WILLIAM HUNTER,

Government Bacteriologist.

GOVERNMENT PUBLIC MORTUARY,

HONGKONG, 18th February, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit, for the information of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, the following Report on the work done in the Bacteriological Sub-department during the year 1903.

During the past year, extensive alterations have been carried out at the Government Public Mortuary. New Mortuaries have been built with offices and servants' quarters attached. The whole compound has been constructed on the most modern lines, providing excellent accommodation for pathological work of any description. During the past year, the greater part of the work has been carried out at the Mortuary owing to the want of a Bacteriological Laboratory. It is hoped that this will soon be finished and that the accommodation and equip- ment there will be such as to allow of the most varied bacteriological research. The apparatus for the equipment of such a laboratory is at present stored at the Public Mortuary, so that with the erection of the building there need be no delay in starting research work.

Such bacteriological work requiring be done during the past year, has been done at the Mortuary. The temporary laboratory in the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital was found to be inconvenient, and during the epidemic of Plugue would have interfered with the carrying out of the then somewhat arduous duties of the Officers in charge of that Institution.

My Laboratory Assistant, Dr. Ho Ko TSUN, resigned on the 17th January, 1903. His place was taken by Dr. LEE YIN Sze, one of the Bacteriological Assistants in charge of the routine examination of rats. I regret to say that Dr. CHAN FAI KWONG, one of the Bacteriological Assistants, died on the 31st of January, 1903. The cause of death was Acute Yellow Atrophy and in no way

connected with his duties.

In order to carry on the systematic examination of rats, it was found necessary to obtain the services. of two Senior Chinese Students from the Hongkong Coliege of Medicine.

Accordingly Mr. FUNG CHI MING and Mr. PETER QUINCEY were appointed on the 1st February, 1903, for a period of 8 months.

From the end of September, on the retirement of these gentlemen, the duties connected with the examination of rats has been done by my Laboratory Assistant, Dr. LEE YIN Sze.

Throughout the year the Sanitary Department have rendered most valuable assistance in regard to the cleansing of the Public Mortuary. During the year, 2,326 human bodies were examined at the Public Mortuary. These figur s represent a rather smaller number than duing 1902. This is accounted for by the establishment of a Mortuary in Kowloon and the absence of an epidemic of Cholera which swelled the figures during 1902.

}

262

During the past year a considerable amount of attention has been directed to pathological research, combined with bacteriological tests where necessary.

The question of the rarity of Enteric Fever amongst the Chinese is more apparent than real. The habit of the natives in leaving for their homes when prodromal signs of disease assert themselves has, in my opinion, much to do with the apparent rarity of the disease in Hongkong.

An interesting case of Sloughing Phagedana was examined at the Mortuary. The bacteriological examination of the case was negative.

Plague has been dealt with as shortly as possible, as it is proposed to deal with the subject in a special Report containing a resumé of research and experi- mental work done during 15.03.

Quite a number of cases of Liver Abscess has been met with and my results show the negative results obtained by bacteriological examination, the occurrence of the disease in children and in females, and the possibility of the presence of isolated small abscess foci in cases of so called large solitary abscess of the liver.

The subject of Endocarditis has been much in evidence during the past year. Six cases have been found and in one of these the Micrococcus Gonorrhea was the causal agent of the disease. The case has been gone into with care as these are by no means common at the present day.

The subject of Tuberculosis forms one of the most complete chapters in the Report.

The modes of infection have been discussed in the presence of cases.

It would appear from my results that Tuberculosis of the intestines in children is of the rarest possible occurrence.

The question of food as a factor of infection în Tuberculosis appears to me to be grossly exaggerated.

The etiology of Beri-beri still remains a dark chapter. An interesting find is the occurrence of the disease or something very similar in

101,056 rats have been examined bacteriologically. found to be infected with Plague.

young children. Of these, 3,744 were

A large number of other animals have been examined for Plague with positive results in many instances.

The question of the confusion of Fowl Cholera with Plague in the absence of a detailed examination arose. It is proposed to go more fully into the matter.

The results of 812 necropsies on children under 5 years of age are given and from my investigations, certain conclusions are drawn which I consider of great interest and importancé.

The condition of the Thymus gland and its relation to the condition of Marasmus and the general nutrition of the body is discussed with satisfactory results. The preparation of Small-pox Vaccine has been successfully prosecuted. 7,074 tubes were prepared during the year, an increase over 1902 of 3,422. great increase in the sale of lymph was noted during the year. Compared with 1902, there was an increase of 1,841 tubes, and a similar increase of $584 paid into the Bank. So far as I know the lymph has given satisfactory results and has been in demand not only in Hongkong but also in ports along the Coast.

A Cattle Disease was investigated during the year. A preliminary Report was published by Mr. GIBSON and myself, showing the disease to be a form of Septicæmia Hæmorrhagica and to have no connection with what is known as True Rinderpest. A considerable amount of ordinary routine bacteriological work has been done. In conclusion. I should like to express my sincere thanks to all who have helped me and rendered assistance and also to members of my staff who have performed their duties to my satisfaction.

I have, &c.,

WILLIAM HUNTER,

The Honourable

J. M. ATKINSON, M.B.,

►

Principal Civil Medical Officer,

etc., etc..

etc.

ザ

263

THE GOVERNMENT PUBLIC MORTUARY.

Total number of Post-Mortem Examinations held during the year 1903, 2,326.

The total number of Post-Mortem Examinations held has diminished by 490, compared with the Return of 1902. This decrease is accounted for mainly by the absence of an epidemic of Choler during 1903, and the arrangements made by the Government recently to have necropsies performed on cases of uncertified death in the Kowloon district.

Some idea as to the actual work requiring to be done daily at the Public Mortuary may be gathered from the following table :-

Month.

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June, July,

August, September, October, November, December.

Total,

No. of Bodies per month.

Average per diem.

163

176

213

355

474

240

144

154

117

132

2,326

This estimate is made counting 7 days in every week.

On several days during the month of May, when the epidemic of Plague was at its height, the daily average of bodies received into the Mortuary was 30.

RETURN OF CAUSES OF DEATH DURING 1903.

-Total General Diseases,

II-Local Diseases :-

Of the Nervous System,

送花

1.622

Circulatory System,

Respiratory System,

265

Digestive System,

Urinary Systemu,

Generative System,

III.-Total Injuries,

IV. Total Decomposed Bodies,

-366

123

215

2,326

GENERAL DISEASES.

Small-pox,

Plague-

Bubonic Type,

529

Septicamie, Type,

339

Pneumonic Type,

Total Plague,

-917

Enteric Fever,

Cholera,

Diarrhoea (cause unknown),

Dysentery,

Beri-beri,

160

Malaria,

Sloughing Phagedæua,

Pyæmia,

Septicemia,

Carried forward,.

.1.274

264

Brought forward,

1,274

Tetanus,

Syphilis, Acquired,

Do., Congenital,

Acute General Tuberculosis,

Alcoholism,

Premature Birth,

Stillbirth,

Old Age,

Marasmatic Conditions,

Gangrene, Moist.

Opium Poisoning,

Carbolic Acid Poisoning,

Post-pharyngeal Cellulitis,

200

....

Total...

Skeletons,

1,613

I.—Of the Nervous System :

LOCAL DISEASES.

Acute Meningitis.... Tubercular Meningitis,. Internal Hydrocephalus, Apoplexy,..

Cerebral Concussion,

II.-Of the Circulatory System :--

Acute Fibrinous Pericarditis. Tubercular Pericarditis,

Aneurism of Heart,

Malignant Endocarditis,

Aortic Valvular Disease,

Mitral Valvular Disease,

Total........

Fatty Degeneration of Heart.

Aneurism of Aorta,

Total,...

III. Of the Respiratory System .

Acute Bronchitis,

Pneumatosis,

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema, Acute Congestion of Lungs....

Circumscribed Gangrene of Lung,

Acute Broncho-Pneumonia,

Acute Fibrinous Pneumonia,

Tuberculosis of the Lungs,

Caseous Tuberculous Pneumonia.

Abscess of the Lung. Suppurative Pleuritis,

ཌ ོ༦༧༧

Total,

.265

IV. Of the Digestive System

Perforated Gastric Ulcer, Medullary Carcinoma of Pylorus, Strangulated Inguinal Hernia,.

Strangulated Internal Hernia,

Intestinal Obstruction,

Carried forward,...................

Intussusception,

265

Brought forward,

Acute Membranous Enteritis, Acute Tubercular Enteritis,. Acute Gangrenous Appendicitis, Liver Abscess,

Carcinoma of Gall Bladder,

Acute Peritonitis,

Tubercular Peritonitis..

Total,...

V.-Of the Urinary System:-

Acute Catarrhal Nephritis, Diffuse Chronic Nephritis, Genito-urinary Phthisis,

Total,........

VI. Of the Generative System

Abortion,

Septic Endometritis and Salpingitis, Malignant Adenoma of Uterus,

1.-General :-

Total,

INJURIES.

Burning,

Multiple Injuries,

Suffocation:-

(a.) From Submersion,

b.) From Gaseous Poisons, (c.) From Strangulation,

Privation,

Total,..

2.-Local:

Of the Head:-

Comminuted Fracture of Vault of Skull,

Fracture of the Base of Skull,

Gunshot Wound of Skull,

Of the Neck-

Cut Throat,

Of the Chest:-

Stab Wound of the Heart,.

Rupture of the Lung,

Wound of the Lung,

Gunshot Wound of Back,

Total,......

Total,

266

Of the Abdomen :--

General Contusion of Abdominal Viscera, Penetrating Gunshot Wound of Abdomen, Rupture of Diaphragm,

Rupture of Mesenteric Vessels, Fracture of the Pelvis,

Rupture of the Kidney..

Rupture of the Stomach,

Rupture of the Liver,

Fracture of the Spleen,

Total,.

NATIONALITY OF BODIES BROUGHT TO THE PUBLIC MORTUARY DURING

1903 :-

Chinese,

European,

Portuguese,..........

Indian,

Japanese,

Malay,.

Total,.........

2,288

2,326

RETURN OF CAUSES OF DEATH OF BODIES OF NATIONALITIES OTHER THAN

CHINESE

Europeans:-

Acute Alcoholism, Fracture of Skull,

Suicide by Shooting,

Drowning,

Bubonic Plague,... Aneurism of Aorta,

Septic Plague,.

Accidentally Shot,

Mitral Disease,

10 10 10 00 00

Cardiac Failure,

Total,......

Portuguese :-

Bubonic Plague,

Septic Plague,

Pneumonic Plague,

Gangenors Appendicitis,.

Carbolic Acid Poisoning,

Indian :-

Bubonic Plague,

Pneumonic Plague,

Gunshot Wound,

Οι

Japanese:-

Septic Plague,

Bronchitis,

Drowning,

Malay :--

Bubonic Plague,

267

PATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION.

Small-pox.

A small epidemic occurred during the early part of the year. Twenty-two cases of the disease were examined at the Mortuary. Four cases were received in January; eight in February; five in March; three in April; and one in May and in August.

All the cases occurred in infants.

The type of the disease was severe.

The majority of the cases examined showed the hæmorrhagic and confluent type of the disease.

Enteric Fever.

Only one case of this disease has been met with during the past year. It occurred in a Chinese female aged about one year. The post-mortern lesions were severe with diffuse ulceration in the ileum. The Bacillus Typhosus was isolated in pure culture from the spleen. It is rather remarkable that in Hongkong so few cases of this disease are found post-mortem and further that such cases as are met with, cecur mostly in children. A case of Enteric Fever in an adult has only been found by me once during the past two years.

From mere post-mortem statistics alone one would be obliged to conclude that Typhoid Fever was a rare disease amongst the Chinese. My statistics for the past two years show a total of 5,142 post-mortem examinations performed, and amongst these only 8 cases of Enteric Fever. To explain this insusceptibility to Typhoid Fever amongst the Chinese, it has been suggested that the majority of the population contract the malady in infancy. Whether this is based upon clinical, pathological or bacteriological evidence, or upon all three, I cannot say, but in making such a diagnosis in infancy and childhood, clinical and pathological factors should always be supplemented by the determination of the presence of the causal agent-the Bacillus Typhosus-owing to the frequent great variation met with clinically and pathologically in Enteric Fever amongst children-this variation being the result of the state of development of various elements in the sinall intestine in young children.

If the disease occurred amongst the Chinese more particularly during infancy, then a much greater percentage of deaths from Enteric Fever in children, would be met with in the post-mortem room. As a matter of fact only 1 case of Enteric Fever in children has been found out of 812 post-mortem examinations performed on children under 5 years of age. In regard to the prevalence of Typhoid Fever amongst the Chinese in Hongkong, one fact must be borne in mind that Enteric Fever is a disease, insiduous in onset, and one which would allow the Chinese po- pulation, should they feel themselves gradually becoming a prey to some malady, to migrate to their own homes.

Cholera.

Three cases were brought to post-mortem examination during the past year. The characteristic micro-organism was isolated in each case, establishing the diagnosis.

Dysentery.

One case was met was during the year. Bacteriological attempts were made to isolate a causal agent, but the results were negative. From my own investiga- tions, coupled with the conclusions of other local medical gentlemen, it would appear that the bacteriology of Dysentery so called is by no means settled.

Sloughing Phagedæna.

This pathological condition was met with in an adult Chinese male aged about 30. The penis, scrotum, and adjacent parts of the thigh were covered with ulcers. These varied much in size, shape and depth. Many of them had apparently run together producing large areas of broken surface.

The ulcers on the penis had penetrated the corpus cavernosum deeply while those on the scrotum were more superficial. The inner side of the thigh and groin was covered with deep ulcers extending into the muscular tissue. The floor of the ulcers was covered with bluish unhealthy looking granulations which were bathed in foul smelling pus, and capped with a considerable quantity of necrotic tissue. The edges of the ulcers were irregular and undermined. The

268-

surrounding skin was bluish and indurated. Death evidently took place from exhaustion and sapræmia.

Acute Peritonitis.

Total number of cases examined, 8. In 6 of these the disease appeared to be primary. The other 2 were secondary to Abscess of the Liver.

The following is a tabular statement in regard to the primary cases :-

No. Sex.

1 F.

Age. 4 years.

23 4

MEE MN

M. 38

Bacteriology.

Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus

coli communis.

Streptococcus pyogenes. Same as No. 1.

Staphylococcus pyogenes and Bacillus

coli communis.

Bacillus coli communis.

Same as Nos. 1 and 3.

These results are in harmony with those obtained by other workers, as FLEXNER, whose valuable studies have added much to our knowledge regarding the somewhat complicated and obscure etiology of Acute Peritonitis. The micro- organisms setting up Acute Peritonitis either reach the peritoneum by way of the blood stream or the lymph channels. The question of micro-organisms invading the peritoneum through the intact intestinal wall has as yet to be settled.

years

Cerebral Hæmorrhage.

Number of cases, 5. All the cases occurred in adults varying from 18 to 58

of age. In each there was evidence of past syphilitic infection.

The heart was normal in all the cases.

In one of the cases, the extravasated blood had forced its way by a process of cleavage through the centrum ovale into the lateral ventricles. This form is usually known clinically by the name of Ingravescent Apoplexy.

Number of cases examined, 917.

Plague.

It is not intended to enter here into details as regards the pathology of Plague and the results which have been obtained during the past year. A considerable amount of research has been prosecuted in regard to this subject, especially from the point of view of mode of infection, aud further some interesting observations have been made as to the pathology of the disease.

Foods, insects, dust, clothing, etc. have been examined, and the results obtained have proved satisfactory.

It is proposed to prepare a special Report, dealing with the subject of Plague from various interesting points of view. The following types of the disease were met with during 1903-

Pestis Bubonica.

Right Femoral Bubo,

Left Femoral Bubo,

Right and Left Femoral Buboes..

Right Inguinal Bubo,

Left Inguinal Bubo,

Right and Left Inguinal Buboes,

Right Femoro-Inguinal Bubo,

Right Axillary Bubo,

Left Axillary Bubo,

Right Cervical Bubo,

Left Cervical Bubo,

156

153

Left Parotic Bubo,

Left Sub-Maxillary Bubo,

529

Pestis Septicæmica,

339

Pestis Pneumonica,

Total,

917

269

The frequency of the different types of the disease during the epidemic, may be expressed as follows:-

Pestis Bubonica,

Septicæmica,

.58%

.37% 5%

Pneumonica,

The following table is given to indicate the relative frequency of the different types of Plague during the epidemic :-

Month.

Bubonic.

Septicomic. Pneumonic

Total.

January,

February,

March,

101

April,

119

204

May,

243

102

357

June,

100

149

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

...

December,

Total,

529

339

917

The following conclusions seem warranted from the foregoing:

1. The bubonic type of the disease prevailed in frequency throughout the

epidemic.

2. The site of the buboes were subject to great variation.

3. The most frequent site for the buboes was the femoral region, with practi-

cally no preference for either side of the body.

4. Axillary, Inguinal and Cervical Buboes come next in consecutive frequency. 5. The septicæmic disease was prevalent throughout the whole year.

6. The pneumonic type was prevalent to any extent only during the height

of the epidemic.

7. All types of the disease were proportionately most prevalent during the

height of the epidemic, i.e., during the month of May.

So for as age is concerned, the post-mortem records show a similar condition of affairs to that met with in 1902.

Septicæmia.

Excluding cases of Plague, this was the cause of death in 6 cases.

All the cases occurred in children, mostly under the age of 10.

In 5 of the cases, the infection was due to Strepococcus pyogenes; the other to Streptoccoccus lanceolatus.

Pyæmia.

This accounted for one death, the condition being Staphylococcæmia. The body surface was covered with boils, especially the head and shoulders. From these Staphylococci were obtained. The internal examination of the body showed the presence of multiple abscesses in the lungs, spleen, kidneys and the brain. These abscesses were typical in appearance and from them Staphylococci were obtained.

Leprosy.

One case of the tubercular variety was examined during the year. cause of death was Malignant Malaria.

The

270

Aneurism.

Number of Cases Examined during the year, 1904-

No.

Sex.

Age.

Vessel.

Variety.

Aorta asc. arch.

Saccular.

2 M.

Do. Transrense

Do.

Arch.

Do.

Junction of

asc. and

transvarch.

Dr.

Do.

asc. arch.

Remarks.

Marked arterio-sclerotic condition of vessels throughout the body. Rupture into pericardium, Mitral Stenosis.

Well marked signs of Syphilis.

Rupture into pericardium.

Do.

As a predisposing factor, in these cases, there may be mentioned "violent muscular exertion." The cases were amongst Chinese of the coolie class who in- variably have large hypertrophied hearts. As I mentioned in my Report for 1902, arterio-sclensis is very prevalent amongst the Chinese.

Its exact etiology

is not clear. Probably Syphilis has something to do with it.

In connection with this subject, it may be mentioned that course cirrhosis of the liver and interstitial Nephritis are frequently met with in the Public Mor- tuary.

Liver Abscess.

This has been the cause of death in 3 cases. Five cases of the condition were found during the past year. In 2, however, the immediate cause of death was Acute P'eritonitis following rupture of the abscess into the peritoneal cavity.

The details of the cases are as follows:

Case No. 1.-An unknown Chinese male, aged about 36. The liver was much enlarged and soft It was of a reddish brown colour, but over the right lobe the surface was marked by the presence of large greyish or yellowish spots.

The organ on incision presented the following appearance ---The right lobe was practically converted into one large solitary abscess containing chocolate col- oured and viscid pus. The amount of pus collected from this cavity was about 5 litres. The walls of this abscess were formed of hepatic tissue, but the latter, owing to the occurrence of changes, could scarcely be recogmsed as liver. The living walls of the abscess were rugged, consisting of necrotic hepatic tissue.

In the immediate surrounding, several small abcesses were found, each containing about 20 C.. of pus. These had no apparent connection with the large abscess cavity. Each of these small abscesses was separated from the large cavity by a zone of liver tissue. The pus in the sinall abscesses was of a similar nature to that found in the large cavity.

The pus was examined bacteriologically but no micro-organisms were found. All the other organs in the body were healthy, excepting the presence of interstitial Nephritis. No gall stones were found. There was no trace of Dysentery.

Case No. 2.-An unknown Chinese male, aged about 35. The right lobe of the liver contained a large solitary abscess, which almost wholly occupied the lobe. It had burst intra-peritoneally. About 4 litres of pus were obtained from the abscess cavity itself. The fluid was yellowish-green in colour and contained numerous solid and semi-solid pieces of necrosed liver tissue. The walls of the abscess had a honeycombed appearance. The remaining liver parenchyma was in condition of intercellular cirrhosis. The liver was firmly adherent to the lower diaphragmatic surface and over the side of the abscess the diaphragm was thickened to the extent of about 2 of an inch.

271

Suppurative Peritonitis was present. The pus and necrosed material from the interior of the abscess were examined bacteriologically but with a negative result. From the peritareal cavity, however, pure cultures of Bacillus coli com- munis were obtained. There was no trace of Dysentery.

Case No. 3. This case is similar to the foregoing. It occurred in an unknown Chinese male, aged about 40 years. The abscess was right sided, occupy- ing practically the entire right lobe. Acute suppurative Peritonitis was: From the pus, Bacillus coli communis was obtained.

Chronic Dysentery was found in the large intestine.

present.

Case No. 4. This case is interesting as it occurred in a young child. An unknown Chinese female, aged about 3. ·

A large abscess was found in the right lobe, presenting the usual typical appearance. In addition to this, several small abscess cavities about the size of a pea, were found scattered throughout the remaining parenchyma of the liver.

No trace of Dysentery was present.

Acute Catarrhal Pneumonia was found in both lungs.

No micro-organisms were found in the pus or walls of any of the abscesses. Case No. 5. An unknown Chinese female, aged about 10.

Multiple small abscesses, very variable in size were scattered throughout the entire substance of the liver. These presented the appearances typical of abscess of the liver.

No micro-organisms were found in the pus or walls of the abscess.

There was no trace of Dysentery.

Right sided acute fibrinous Pneumonia was present.

Remarks.

These cases are brought forward owing to the several points of interest cou- nected with their pathology, and also from the lessons which may be drawn from them from a clinical and pathological point of view.

The etiology of so called liver or tropical abscess is by no means thoroughly understood.

The occurrence of an inflammation, e.g., Hepatitis, ending in the production of pus, must, in the light of modern views of inflammation, be put down to the action of micro-organisms. Yet when we examine the literature in regard to this subject. we become lost in our zeal to attribute the production of such an abscess to any of the micro-organisms so far described.

In all of the cases which have been examined by me, no micro-organism was isolated which could reasonably be brought into causal relationship with the disease.

In the cases which ended by the bursting of the abscess into the peritoneal cavity, micro-organisms of the colon group were always found, but these, judging from what is now known in regard to the abdominal cavity, must be regarded as secondary and not as exciting agents of the process under discussion.

Particular regard was paid to the examination of the walls of such abscesses, owing to the prevalence of opinion that protozoa have to do with the production of the disease, but in each case a negative result was obtained.

In one of my cases, No. 3, evidences of Dysentery were present, but micros- -copic examination for amoebae or bacteria was entirely negative.

In Cases Nos. 4 and 5, multiple small abscesses were found, but in neither case was any trace of Dysentery discoverable. This is rather important as, accord- ing to the general trend of opinion, large solitary abscesses occur idiopathically, while multiple small abscesses develop in conjunction with Dysentery.

It is evident, that although bacteriological examination was made of each of these cases recorded, absolutely no evidence could be obtained as to the exciting cause of the disorder The etiology, therefore, in each individual case is by no means obvious. The presence of interstitial nephritis and pericellular hepatic cirrhosis in

272

two of the cases is suggestive of diatetic errors. Little weight ought to be attach- ed to this fact owing to the extra-ordinary prevalence of cirrhotic conditions. of the internal organs, more particularly of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in Chinese, compared with the relative rareness of hepatic abscess.

An interesting point, also, is that two of these cases occurred in females one in a female child aged about 3 years, the other aged about 10 years. These cases are in direct opposition to the generally accepted facts in regard to the frequency of the occurrence of hepatic abscess in the different sexes and as regards age. As SCHEUBE has it "reports from all countries coincide in stating that the female sex enjoys remarkable immunity from liver abscess" and again “liver abscess rarely attacks children."

In my two cases, it will be noted that in the case of No. 4 acute catarrhal pneu- monia was present and was returned as the cause of death; in case No. 5, the cause of death was acute fibrinous pneumonia. It was only after a complete post- mortem examination had been performed that the existence of such a pathological condition in the liver was ascertained.

Whether the reports from different sources as to the occurrence of hepatic abscess in children of both sexes are founded on clinical observation alone or upon the results obtained by pathological investigation, I have found impossible to determine; but what is obvious from these cases is, that had no post-mortem examination been held, Cases Nos. 4 and 5 would have passed as death from a respiratory disease. In each of these cases, the appearance presented by the liver was typical. In neither was Dysentery present and the bacteriological exam- ination was negative.

Again, the distinction generally made in regard to the number of abscesses present, i.e., the solitary large abscess and the multiple small abscesses, would appear from my cases to be of little value. In case No. 1 a large solitary abscess was found, but sur- rounding this large cavity, were numerous small abscess foci. These appeared to the naked eye to have no connection with the larger focus. A similar state of affairs was observed in Case No. 4. In Case No. 5, where numerous abscesses were pre- sent, I found it difficult to determine which might be regarded as the large abscess and which the multiple small abscesses. It would appear that with careful post- mortem evidence at one's disposal, such a differentiation of hepatic abscess would in a great measure collapse.

Endocarditis.

From a perusal of the accompanying table it is evident that during the past year quite an interesting series of cases of acute endocarditis have come under my observation. Owing to the fact that within recent years a considerable amount of attention has been directed to this subject, particularly in regard to its bacteriology, special care was taken to examine each case with the hope of determining what micro-organisms were accountable for the production of the disease and also the extent and nature of the pathological changes produced by these micro-organisms. With one exception all the cases occurred in adults and as frequently amongst males as females. So far as the frequency with which the valves were affected it will be seen that the mitral was involved as often as the aortic and further the inflammatory process in several of the cases was not limited to the valves themselves but extended to the lining walls of the adjacent cavities.

It is unnecessary to sketch, further than is indicated in the table, the sequence of events which apparently took place in each case. The appearances resembled those fully described in any text-book on pathology.

With regard to the bacteriological investigation, however, there is much of interest. Amongst the six cases tabulated, appears one labelled as due to the Micro- coccus Gonorrhoea. A case of this nature must appeal to all those interesting themselves in infectious diseases. Further it is important in regard to the infective nature of the micro-organism itself. A few years ago the Micrococcus Gonorrhææ- was almost entirely associated with infective urethritis. To-day, however, with a more complete knowledge of the micro-organism and the effect which it may call forth in the human body, our ideas have altered considerably. litherto the gonococcus has been generally regarded as an organism which limits itself to mucous inembranes and only under exceptional circumstances penetrates into the deeper lying connective tissue structures. Many proofs, however, have been forthcoming establishing the possibility of the micro-organisms reaching the lymph channels or the blood vessels and thereby being transported to other parts of the body, and

273

capable of setting up metastatic disease. This being so, the gonococcus must be regarded in the same light as the staphlyococcus and other pyæmia producing micro- organisms. Its presence in the lymphatic apparatus has been shown by COLUMBINI (Rif: Med: 1898) and MYSING (Inang-Dissert. Kiel: 1900) and others, while its demonstration in the blood stream has been accomplished be several observers, notably WERTHEIM, THAYER and BLUMER, UNGER and PROSCHASKA.

Regarding, therefore, the gonococcus as one of the exciting agents of pyaemia, we find that just as in the case of other nicro-organisms, the gonococus in the production of disease, shows preference for certain parts of the body, e.g., the synorial membranes of joints, tendon sheaths, and the valvular apparatus of the

heart.

The affection of the heart by the gonococcus has been a subject of much discussion, more particularly in regard to the frequency of its occurrence. Since its demonstration by LENHARTZ (Munch. Med. Woch. 1897), THAYER and BLUMER (Berl. Klin. Woch. 1901) and UNGER (Berl. Klin. Woch. 1001), but few cases have been reported. Recently papers on this subject have been published by FINGER, LEYDEN, MICHELIS, CARAGEORGIADÉS and others amplifying the earlier investigations. In view of the small number of cases so far reported, I feel justified in putting my case on record and all the more so owing to the fact that the condition was only discovered post-mortem, in a perfectly fresh cadaver.

There is good reason to believe that the condition is one which is by no means rare. Its demonstration is difficult in many cases, but with the routine examination of the blood in all cases of Endocarditis ante-mortem as well as post- morten, cases due to the gonococcus ought to be brought to light in greater abundance. There is also reason to believe that many cases due to the Micro- coccus Gororrhæ run a benign course.

ENDOCARDITIS.

No. SEX. AGE. SEAT OF DISEASE.

BACTERIOLOGY.

· M.

Aortic valve with

year.

extension for

Micrococcus Janceolatus,

F. 20

years.

inch along surface of

endocardium.

Aortic valve pro-

cess limited

to valve.

43 years.

Mitral valve on its

auricular surface

with extension

along the posterior.

wall of left amicle.

Artico valve on its

years.

ventricular

aspect with

extension of the

process over the

endocardium.

Do.

Streptococcus pyogenes,

and

Micrococcus

lanceolatus,

Micrococcus Gonorrhææ.

REMARKS.

The affected region was studded with delicate excrescences which were greyish pink in colour and friable. Nu- merous petechiae were present over the left endocardium and generally over the visceral pericardium. No peri- carditis. Infarctions present is spleen and kidney.

There was evidence of old sclerotic changes in the valve affected. There was marked loss of substance. Con- siderable necrosis accompanied by the formation locally of secondary coagula. No Pericarditis but numerous petechiae were found over the left heart especially towards the base of the ventricle.

The process was warty OP verrucose, the vegetations being recent, friable, pinkish in colour. An easily detectable evagulum was present over the inflammatory granulations. Acute fibrinous pneumonia was also present.

The affected valve was studded with delicate granulations, more particularly along the line of maximum contact where there had been the greatest friction. These granu- lations were pin head in size, extremely soft, greyish pink in colour and translucent. In some parts the proliferation of tissue was more extensive and covering this was a considerable amount of necrotic tissue admixed with blood coagulum. The valve tissue itself was con- siderably thickened owing to the great amount of round celled infiltration and the activity of the connective tissue. The endocardium surrounding the principal focus of disease was opaque and in some places slightly rough. Opaque patches with slight thickening were found scattered over the left endocardium with localised thickenings of the chordæ tendineæ.

The other valves were normal. No pericarditis.

No. SEX. AGE. SEAT OF DISEASE.

274

ENDOCARDITIS,-Continued.

BACTERIOLOGY.

REMARKS.

The other organs especially the spleen and kidney were

deeply congested.

So far as the genital apparatus is concerned, the vagina was thickened and hard and its squamous surface rough and covered with patches of papillary thickenings of connective tissue. There was papillary erosion of the cervix uteri with the presence of a thin pyoid secretion. The endometrium was thickened and warty and the cavity practically in a condition of pyometra.

The micrococcus was recovered from the cardiac valves.

It was not definitely found in the genital apparatus but its pathological condition was diagnostic of the effects of gonorrhoea.

The woman was a Chinese prostitute.

Pathological appearances similar to Case No. 3.

years.

Mitral valve.

Streptococcus pyogenes.

ŵ.

years.

Mitral valve with extension of opaque areas over the auricle.

Do.

Same as Case No. 5.

Tuberculosis.

Although an enormous amount of research has been prosecuted in regard to the interpretation of the lesions caused by the Tubercle Bacillus, it may be said that as yet the majority of the tissue manifestations of tubercular disease are wrapt in mystery. Speculation is rife as to the modes of infection, the proclivity of certain animal tissues to the disease, the apparent immunity of others and the apparent erratic spread of the infective process

It would appear from an examination of the most recent researches, however, that at last some light is to be thrown upon that most difficult problem, namely, the diffusion of the Tubercle Bacillus in the system.

With the advent of more perfect tinctorial methods, elaborated by WEIGERT SO long ago as 1877 and extended by EHRLICH, WECHSBERG and others, recent research has furnished us with a considerable literature in regard to this question, and fur- ther has opened up to us entirely fresh fields of investigation regarding the pro- bable avenues of general infection in Tuberculosis.

•

The portals by which the Bacillus Tuberculosis enters the body still remain a subject for the most varied discussion. Tonsillar infection, intestinal infection, respiratory infection, genital and urinary infection, as well as others, have all been advanced. The part played by each of these modes or others is difficult to gauge in the enormous field of tubercular pathology. As HABERSHON stated in the Con- gress on Tuberculosis in London in 1901, the forms of Tuberculosis and its man- ifestations in the body probably depend-first, upon the mode of entrance; second, upon the character of the invasion; and thirdly, upon the resisting power of the individual. These general principles as regards Tuberculosis are most important and to a certain extent are responsible for the peculiarity of the lesions subsequently produced. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that the lesions produced in the individual affected are influenced by three important factors relating to the causal agent itself, namely, the slow growth of the Tubercle Bacillus, its absence of the power of movement, and the severe effects which it produces at the seat of its colonization. Examples of this are numerous in tubercular pathology, e.g., the occurrence of localised nodular tubercles in the majority of organs and glands of the body. Such localised productions of tubercle, however, are unfortunately in the minority. What we have to explain is the occurrence of widespread Tuberculosis and that, given the infection, what are the avenues through which the Bacillus Tuber- culosis is enabled to call forth such ravages throughout the whole animal organism.

(

275

The original idea of KocH that such a spread was occasioned by wandering connective tissue cells has been greatly added to. Other channels of infection have been discovered and it is mainly through the prolonged investigation of these by BENDA and others that our ideas have been clarified as to the ways of Tuber- cular infection. The investigations bearing upon the great role played by epithetial channels, the lymphatic apparatus and the vascular system have opened up that complicated question of the distribution of Tuberculosis.

Since my arrival in the Colony, my attention has been directed to this subject, namely, the spread of the Tubercle Bacillus throughout the body. Excellent facilities have been available at the Public Mortuary, where a considerable number of cases of the various forms of Tuberculosis is constantly met with.

Mere mention of the frequent occurrence of Tuberculosis was made in my Annual Report for 1902. My observations at that time were fragmentary and it was considered advisable to withhold my remarks until a larger amount of material was at command.

Considerable fortune has attended my investigation as some excellent material was obtained.

My attention has been directed largely to the examination of the vascular system in all cases of Tuberculosis, because after the masterly presentment given by BENDA of the part played by the circulatory organs in the diffusion of the Bacillus Tuberculosis in the system, it appeared to me, in the presence of such an amount of pathological material that this abstruse question was deserving of further analysis. In addition to this, the other paths of infection have not been lost sight of and several cases, illustrative of these, have come under my notice, which in conjunction with others are worthy of publication.

The following cases, accompanied by remarks, are instructive cases of the mode of diffusion of the Bacillus Tuberculosis in the body and they shed light upon the clinical and pathological aspect of some of the forms of the disease.

Tubercular Pericarditis.-A Chinese male adult, about 35 years of age. The post-mortem examination was held within 12 hours after death. During life no history of the case was ascertainable. To external appearance the cadaver was that of a well built man whose general nourishment was fair. Post mortem lividity was well marked on dependent parts and rigor mortis was extreme.

The pericardial sac contained about 50 c.c. of blood stained fluid. The parietal layer of the pericardium was studded with a number of greyish white miliany nodules.

At certain points the right pleura was adherent and in this tissue similar nodules were found. These were larger and irregular and in certain instances caseating. The visceral layer of the pericardium was also the seat of a miliary eruption. These nodules were variable in size and some of them well in a state of caseation. The nodules extended into the cardiac muscle. A considerable amount. of granulation tissue was present. A sheet of fibrin covered the visceral pericardium. The heart, lungs and pleural cavities were normal. The bronchial and mediastinal glands were normal. The glands around the trachea and those situated in the anterior triangle of the neck, were enlarged and caseated. considerable quantity of soft newly formed tissue was found around the trachea. This tissue extended from the neck to the pericardial sac. On section, this granulation tissue was found to contain softened greyish-white nodules, many of which had broken down. The surrounding areas of tissue were normal.

The other body organs were normal.

Bacteriological examination showed the presence of Tubercle Bacilli in the newly formed tissue and also in the pericardium.

Four cases of this disease have been met with during the past two years. The mode of infection in these cases has been worked out as carefully as possible, and the following is a brief resumé:-

Full details in regard to the post-mortern appearances of Cases Nos. 2, 3 and 4, have not been given. The lesions present were of a nature very similar to that found in Case No. 1.

In case No. 1, the infection of the pericardium was traced to the tracheal lymphatic glands and those situated in the anterior triangle of the neck.

276

In cases Nos. 2 and 3, the infection was trace to the bronchial gland, and in the lungs evidences of tuberculosis were present.

In case No. 4 the lymphatic glands lying at the bifurcation of the trachea showed the presence of Tuberculosis.

These cases are interesting in the following respects. They show that by the careful dissection of the affected parts, some previous infection will be found and that tubercular Pericarditis as a spontaneous infection is of doubtful occurrence. ZENKER, BAUMLAR and SCHOTTELIUS and KAST have pointed out the relation existing between diseased cervical, mediastinal or bronchial lymphatic glands and the Pericarditis.

The lymphatic glands become affected with Tuberculosis in the first place; then by a process of extension the pericardium falls a prey tothe disease.

Tubercular Endocarditis. For many years, tubercular disease of the heart remained as a pathological entity. The existence of the condition has up until a few years ago been considered of the rarest possible occurrence. It was the discovery by WEIGERT in 1877 of such a condition in the heart that gave pathologists the famous clue to the question of general infection in tuberculosis. Since then the advent of more perfect staining methods ought to furnish a greater number of cases of tuberculosis of the heart in future.

There is no doubt that the vascular system forms one of the most important channels through which the general system becomes tubercular infected. Through the researches of RIEDER, PONFICK, LETULLE, PETIT, HANOT, BENDA, and others, tuber- culosis of the vascular systemn in all cases tubercular disease has been firmly established and in order to amplify their investigations, particular attention ought in a great measure to be directed to the careful study of vascular tuberculosis, the extent and method of spread of such a process and the interpretation of the results obtained. That general infection in tuberbulosis is not occasioned by the smaller blood vessels, as propounded by RIBBERT, has been almost settled by the elaborate researches of BENDA.

In tuberculosis, one of the most constant features of the disease during its development is the absolute obliteration of the blood vessels of a certain calibre in the neighbourhood of the diseased focus, tubercle bacilli are few in number in these situations. It is obvious then that these vessels are unable to occasion the spread of the pathogenic agent.

It is only when we come to the larger vessels that opportunity is given for the extensive spread of the disease, in vessels of a calibre which do not allow of complete obliteration in the presence of a tubercular focus.

To WEIGERT belongs the discovery of the presence of tubercular foci in the large vessels, a fact which gives us a most thorough explanation of the extra- ordinary widespread nature of tuberculosis throughout the whole body of the organism. The process here at work is the gradual extension of a tubercular nodule through the blood vessel wall and its subsequent discharge of the infective agent into the general blood stream. This result has been recently studied by BENDA who has shown that although this method of generalisation is common, yet it is not the one and only way. What he has demonstrated to perfection is that apart from the solution of continuity in the wall of the blood vessel (WEIGERT), it is possible to have an eruption of miliary tubercles in the blood vessel wall, i.e., in the tunica intima. The knowledge of the occurrence of such constitutes at present one of the most important advances in regard to the mode of spread of the B. Tuberculosis throughout the body. The occurrence of this condition in tuber- culosis would appear to be common enough but so far scarcely any confirmation of this has appeared.

The following is interesting:-

No history

A Chinese male alult, aged about 20, was examined post-mortem. of the case could be ascertained. The body had been "dumped". The external appearances of the cadaver were that of a well-developed man whose general con- dition of nutrition was poor. Post-mortem lividity and Vigor mortis were slightly marked. The pericardial sac contained a few ounces of yellowish and clear fluid. The walls of the sac were normal. The heart on being opened showed the pre- sence of endocarditis of the mitral valve. The other valves were normal. The diseased mitral valve showed numerous small vegetations about the size of a pin.

277

These were situated on the auricular surface. They were mostly discrete, but in some instances several had apparently run together forming larger masses. . They were perfectly opaque. To touch they varied extremely; some were hard and nodular, while others were distinctly soft. In their immediate surrounding there were small points of superficial ulceration, and spreading from and under the dis- eased process was found considerable thickening due to hard, dense, connective tissue. On cutting these nodules, some were solid and fibrous but the majority were cheesy. Microscopic examination of these nodules was carried out and large num- bers of tubercle bacilli found. The auricles and ventricles appeared to be perfectly healthy. The heart muscle was pale and the organ generally anæmic. The organ weighed about 10 ounces. The coronary arteries were slit up but no trace of disease could be detected. The pulmonary arteries and veins were opened and showed the presence of ulceration and in some cases thrombosis. Tubercle bacilli were found in many of these foci. In both lungs there was old caseous tubercular pneumonia, with the development of a considerable amount of fibrous tissue. The disease in the lungs bad certainly lasted for some considerable time. In addition to the old caseous foci, there was an eruption of recent niliary tubercles scattered throughout both lungs —a typical acute iniliary tubercle of the lung. Extension of the old tubercular pneumonia along the lymphatics was also present. The lymphatics could be seen radiating from the caseous focus and were studded with minute grey nodules. These were so marked that they could be easily distinguished from the definite eruption of miliary tubercles throughout the pulmonary tissue. Several of the bronchial glands were caseous, others showed the presence of small tubercles commencing to break down centrally. Many of the other mediastinal glands contained miliary tubercles with caseation. The gastro-intestinal tract was normal to the naked eye. The mesenteric glands were enlarged and indurated. A few showed the presence of calcareous deposit in their interior. The liver was enlarged and weighed about 4 pounds. Its surface was smooth and anæmie and shining through the capsule, more particularly on its upper surface, could be seen numerous snall, round, greyish yellow nodules varying in size from a pin's head to a pea. These were incised. They showed caseation. On section, the organ was anæmic and throughout the parenchyma was an eruption of acute miliary tubercle. In other respects the organ presented the appearances usually met with in amyloid disease. The spleen weighed 10 ounces. Its capsule was thickened and contained miliary modules in which tubercle bacilli were found. On section, the organ was fibrous and pigmented and tubercles of varying size were scattered throughout its surface. Sinear preparations of this organ showed tubercle bacilli and malarial pigment. The kidneys were slightly increased in size and weight. Fibrous tissue was in excess throughout both organs and in addition several tubercles containing tubercle bacilli were found scattered throughout the parenchyma, more particularly in the medul Jary portion. Both the spleen and tlie kidneys were waxy, uodules of a tubercular nature were also found in the adrenals. The pancreas was cirrhotic but no tuber- cles were found. The genital organs were apparently normal. The brain with the exception of a tubercular nodule in the pons was normal to the naked eye: Careful examination was made of the vessels in order to determine the presence of tubercular disease. The aorta with the exception of atheroma and partial throm- bosis was normal.. As already mentioned the pulmonary vessels showed the presence of tubercular disease.

This case was interpreted as follows :-

There was a well marked caseous tubercular pneumonia with the formation of a considerable amount of reparitive tissue. At one particular period during the course of the disease, the tubercle bacilli had set up tubercular disease of the vessels, e.g., the pulmonary, and the heart with affection of the mitral valve. This extension of the process had led to the large numbers of tubercle bacilli in the blood stream, with the result that secondary to the chronic tubercle in the lung there were established throughout the body a superimposed tubercular infection in the shape of acute general miliary tuberculosis. This case which i have outlined is a splendid instance of the course of tubercular disease, and its method of extension. The condition of tuber- cular endocarditis and endoarteriitis will, if carefully looked for, be found to be a not infrequent complication in tuberculosis. There is much need, however, for further research in this direction. Few cases have as yet been reported and illustrations of the ways and means through which the tubercle bacillus finds its way into the innermost recesses of the animal body are urgently required.

278

Genito-Urinary Tuberculosis.

During the year 1903, one case of this form of tuberculosis was met with. This is rather suprising when one considers the frequency of tuberculosis amongst the Chinese. When dealing with this subject, no mention will be made of the presence of tubercular foci in the kidney itself. Such a condition has frequently been found in ordinary cases of acute miliary tuberculosis. In fact WALSHAM has demonstrated the presence of tubercle bacilli in the glomeruli of the kidney without any visible change in the vessels of the glomerulus or in the neighbouring tissues.

The question as to the occurrence and mode of production in these cases of genito-urinary tuberculosis is one of difficulty. If the tuberculosis is of renal origin then we may account for the condition by the pouring out from the blood of tubercle bacilli into the tubulus of excretion. But supposing the disease be primary in the lower parts of the tract, e.g., in the bladder or Epididymis, how are we to explain the spread of the discase to the kidney along channels and against the flow of their secretion?

The following case came under my notice a few months ago:-A Chinese adult, aged about 40. Tubercular foci were found in the Epididymis and body of the left testicle. Many of these had caseated, became secondarily infected and burst externally through the scrotum. The vas deferens was thickened and nodular and contained caseated nodules. The bladder was in a condition of early tuber- cular cystitis. Extending from here along the left ureter, the tubercular infection spread up to the left kidney, producing there extensive and typical tubercular disease. The condition on the right side was very interesting. The tubercular process had just commenced to involve the right ureter, and could be traced for about 1 inches upwards along its course. Beyond this point there was no trace of any pathological condition. Such a pathological discovery must be one of extremne variety as in all previous cases which I have had the opportunity of ex- amining, no clue was ever present to indicate the manner of extension of the disease.

BAUMGARTEN in 1901 endeavoured to refute the prevalent idea regarding the spread of the disease, that, given tuberculosis in the pelvis of the kidney the tubercle bacillus could travel down one ureter, infect the bladder, and all tissues and organs in the immediate surrounding, subsequently affecting and passing along the opposite ureter to the other kidney in which new tubercular foci are produced. BAUMGARTEN used as support for his argument, the non-motility of the tubercle bacillus and, as a result, the impossibility of the micro-organisms to travel along any canal or tube, e.g., the vas deferens or the ureter, contrary to the flow of the secretion. In drawing his conclusions, however, he apparently overlooked the new universally acknowledged physiological and experimentally proved fact that all muscular tubes are capable not only of peristaltic movement but also of anti-peris- toltic movement. And this is more particularly the case, should the lower end of such tubes be closed—a condition of affairs which could easily obtain in tubercular disease. This anti-peristaltic movement has been demonstrated in the case of the ureter but not so far as the vas deferens is concerned. When one considers these points it is a simple matter to understand the pathology of the condition. This case has been put on record as a pathological proof of the extension of the process and its gradual ascent from bladder to kidney.

VARIETIES OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE.

Results of 812 Post-mortem Examinations.

1. Children under 2 years of age.

(1.) Acute Tuberculosis,

(2.) Caseons Tubercular Pneumonia,

(3.) Tubercular Enteritis,

Total, ................

279

II. Children over 2 and under 5 gears of age.

1. Acute Tuberculosis,...

(2.) Tubercular Pneumonia,

(3.) Tubercular Peritonitis,

Total,

When one considers the number of post-mortem examinations, it is rather surprising to find so few cases of tuberculosis amongst young children. By far the majority of the cases resolve themselves into acute generalised miliary tuber- culosis or tubercular pneumonia. In several of these cases an affection of the meninges was also found. What appears to be the most usual method of produc- tion in these cases, at least in those where the disease is disseminated throughout the body, is the primary affection of certain lymphatic glands in the mediastinum, especially the bronchial glauds. In young children I have repeatedly found the presence of caseating foci in these glands, the bacillary infection of the general system would appear to take place, as HAUSHALTER believes, through the lymphatic

system.

Further, only 2 cases of tubercular enteritis and a similar number of tuber- cular peritonitis have been found. So far as the cases of tubercular enteritis are -concerned, only one could be regarded as primary. The other case showed the sence of tubercular lesions in the lungs.

pre-

Such a result, obtained after the performance of over 800 post-mortems is of great interest from the point of view of invasion of tubercular infection through the small intestine. Up to the recent meeting of the British Congress on Tuberculosis in London, held in July, 1901. the opinion was widely diffused that the tubercle bacillus most frequently gained an entrance into the body through the tonsils and the lower part of the small intestine. Such were the conclusions arrived at by Drs. SYDNEY MARTIN and WOODHEAD, who conducted experiments on tuberculosis when engaged in the work of the Tuberculosis Commission in London. In their opinion, invasion of tubercle bacilli could take place without leaving any trace of a pathological condition in either of these situations. That such an invasion of bacteria can take place through the unbroken skin or mucous membrane is by no means an established pathological fact. On the other hand there is much reason to doubt the occurrence of such an infection under natural conditions.

Although the intestinal canal is the seat of election of a large number of diseases as dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera,' etc., yet the general result of all observations and experiments force the conclusion, that under healthy and natural conditions the intestinal canal resists the invasion of micro-organisms. From all sides, the danger attached to infection through the intestine in certain diseases' has been greatly exaggerated. The investigations of NOCARD and KAUFMANN, (Sem: Med. 1895), LEWIN (Beitr z. Inhalations therapie, 1865) and others, endea- vouring to show the sieve like structure of the intestine and the penetration of micro-organisms through its walls and their appearance in the thoracic duct have been completely refuted by searching investigations made by M. NEISSER (Zeit. f. Hyg. 1896) and OPITZ (Zeit. f. Hyg. 1898) who demonstrated that notwith- standing the alministration of large doses of micro-organisms to the intestine, the chyle and the mesenteric glands were always foun I sterile. This is all the more remarkable owing to the fact that there is no other part of the body which is so closely and permanently in contact with a rich bacterial flora.

When we come to look at the subject from the point of view of Tuberculosis, again we find the occurrence of primary infection of the intestine one of the rarest

occurrences.

The results of my post-mortem examinations show this, the occurrence of a single or about 0.1% of the total number of necropsies held.

These results of mine are not isolated, but are of the greatest importance in regard to the present day view of the paths of infection in tuberculosis and the possible. danger incurred through the agency of infected food. In the Charité in Berlin where an enormous number of post-mortem examinations are held, only fire cases of primary intestinal tuberculosis were found in 5 years. Again, BAGINSKI did not

find a single case amongst 933 autopsies, and BIEDERT only 16 times in 3,104 examinations, GROSSER in Tubingen only found 1 case in 1,407 autopsies on tubercular subjects.

280

The

Kocu himself who has performed innumerable necropsies, only remembers having seen 2 cases during his many years' practice. Again, 2 cases of tubercular peritonitis were met with during the past year. In both of these cases the inesenteric glands were enlarged and caseous, and at first sight the condition would have been diagnosed as Tabes Mesenterica or consumption of the bowels" -terms which are justly rapidly disappearing from medical nomenclature. intestinal mucous membrane in each case was normal. In one case the lungs and cervical glands showel tubercular foci. In the other a large tubercular and caseating axillary gland was found. In these cases no one would be justified in concluding the infection by way of the intestine. My results therefore are impor- tant from the standpoint that infection in tuberculosis is extremely rare through the. intestine and practically negligible from the point of view of prophylaxis.

The question as to the etiological significance of food in the production of tuberculosis is by no means settled but nevertheless it appears to me that the dan- yers attached to food have been greatly over-estimated. It may be argued that the food used by Chinese differs greatly from that of Western Nations, but that cannot have much weight when we bear in mind the great frequency of tuberculosis amongst Chinese and their methods of preparing and partaking of their diet.

One has only to look at the variety of primary intestinal and mesent eric tuber- culosis in Chinese children and even adults and compare it with the relative fre-- quency of other forms of tuberculosis, in order to estimate the exact position of affairs.

Beri-beri.

During the year, 160 post-mortem examinations have been made upon the bodies of persons dead from this disease. In by far the majority of cases, the dropsical form of the disease has been present. This form of the disease would appear to be the most frequent in Hongkong. This frequency of one particular form of the disease in different parts of the world has been noted repeatedly by others. Differences in different places in the same country are also met with and the malignant character of the disease may vary in different years.

Conditions of

The reasons for these variations are by no means obvious. weather exhibit practically no influence on the appearance of the disease, an aver- age of from 10 to 15 cases being brought to post-mortem in each month. The appearance of the disease therefore resembles that met with in Japan where beri- beri occurs throughout the year.

Almost all the cases occurred in males, the figures being males 151, females 9. This probably depends upon the difference in the manner of living amongst females. As regards age, the cases show that the disease is most prevalent during the working or wage-earning period of life.

Age. (- 1 year, 1-5 years,

5-10

10-20

20-30

30-40

40-50

Over 50

No. of Cases.

.14

.43

..18

Total,

160

These figures also bring out another point-the occurrence of cases of the disease between the ages of 1 to 5 years. Two of these cases occurred in males aged about 3 years, the third in a female aged about 4. Each presented the post-mortem appearances of a case of dropsical beri-beri. It is generally recognised that children are almost never attacked. The youngest patient which SCHEUBE had was 8 years of age. These 3 cases which I have included under beri-beri probably belong to the class of case met with by GRAHAM of Sumatra and HIROTA and MIURA of Tokyo, whether these cases are to be regarded as true cases of beri-beri, is a matter of dispute. The question of the etiology of beri-beri is quite obscure. That it is an infectious discase there seems to be little doubt: How the casual agent reaches the tissues of the body is unknown. My observations are in accord. with those of WRIGHT'S in the Federated Malay states.

•

281

I have frequently had the opportunity of examining the dead body an hour or two after death. In these cases, cultivations have been made from almost every tissue-fluid and solid, in the body, cultures were prepared on all kinds of media and probably from each case about 20-30 tubes would be inoculated and plate cultivations made. The results obtained agree in the main with those of PEKELHARING and WINKLER and others. At the same time, in no case could any micro-organism isolated be brought into casual relationship with the disease.

Further, nothing definite has been obtained from a bacteriological examination of the intestinal canal or of the cerebro-spinal fluid. Experimental research has been impossible so far owing to the want of accommodation. It is proposed to take up this and should the animals experimented with prove susceptible to the disease, some interesting facts ought to be ascertained in regard to the etiology of the disease.

REPORT ON THE EXAMINATION OF ANIMALS FOR PLAGUE AT THE Government PUBLIC MORTUARY FOR THE YEAR 1903.

I. RATS.-Total No. of Victoria Rats examined,

Kowloon

Total No. of Hongkong Rats examined,

Total No. of Victoria Rats found infected,

Kowloon

54,747 46,309

..101,056

3,028

716

3,744

Total No. of Hongkong Rats found infected,.

Comparing these results with those of 1902, one finds that while there is a diminution by 16,783 of the total number of rats examined yet there is an increase of 1,729 in the number of those found infected.

There is little to add to the report given by me in 1902. A large number of live rats have been examined an I found suffering from plague. Many of these had plague in a chronic form. Fleas found on rats have been found infected with plague bacilli. These apparently do not bite the human species. On several occa- sions I have had these fleas on my hands but never experienced a bite. ASHBURTON THOMPSON Confirms the statements of BATTLEHNER, GAERTNER and others that the species of flea infesting rats does not infest man, but on the other hand have no re- pugnance for him. They will feed upon human blood if they be hungry. human flea is said to be cosmopolitan. So that there are two chances against the human subject being bitten by rat fleas, an important point to bear in mind when con-idering the role played by suctorial insects is the dissemination of`plague amongst the human race.

The

II. FOWLS.-The number of these examined is 121, and of this number 44 were returned as infected. Owing to the pressure of work during last year's epidemic of Plague, it was found impossible to proceed further in the examination of these fowls than the appearances presented by the microscope. Morphologically the bacteria would pass for the B. pestis but in the absence of more detailed examination the question at once arose as to the possibility of the disease being one of the forms of Septicemia avium. The organism of fowl cholera, although smaller in size, presents very much the appearance of the B. pestis morphologically. Fowl cholera is met with in Hongkong. I have met with several instances of it, The Bacterium avicidum is an organism which affects a large number of birds of different species calling forth in their bodies a typical Bacteriæmia, but so far has not been known to affect man to any great extent. The consumption of the carcases of fowls, ducks, etc., dead from this disease, however, frequently calls forth severe emesis and diarrhoea. The general consensus of opinion is that should a bird have succumbed to this disease, it ought, from a strictly sanitary point of view, to be destroyed and not used for diatetic purposes.

As I have already mentioned, the disease exists in Hongkong and therefore in China. Its prevalence and effects are so far unknown apart from reports from Chinese sources as to periodic outbreaks of some very fatal disease amongst their fowls. The question is worthy of investigation, and should opportunity present itself, I shall avail myself of it.

282

III.

DUCKS.-45 examined, 22 returned as infected.

IV.

PIGEONS. 9 examined, 2 returned as infected.

OTHER BIRDS.-12 examined, 1 returned as infected.

remarks apply to these as to fowls.

The same

VI.

CATS.-18 examined, 3 found infected.

VII. RABBIT.-1 examined, negative.

VIII. DOG.-1 examined, negative.

TOTAL NUMBER OF POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS HELD ON CHILDREN UNDER

YEARS OF AGE DURING THE YEAR 1903,-812.

Number of Examinations of:-

Male Children,

...396 or

49%

Female Children,

...416

51 %

Children sent from Convents comprise

...

26%

II. Children found "Dumped

III. Children sent from Houses,...

RETURN OF CAUSES OF DEATH.

73.26%

74%

I.—Under 2 years of age.

Marasmus,..

...166

Broncho-pneumonia,

Diarrhoea,

Plague, septic,

Inanition.

Croupous Pneumonia,

Acute Bronchitis,

Tubercular Pneumonia,

Malaria,.....

Atelectasis,

Small-pox,

Acute Tuberculosis,

Jaundice,

Plague, bubonic,

Plague, pneumonic,

Acute Pleurisy,

Exposure,

Acute Endocarditis, Tubercular Enteritis, Fracture of Skull,.

Acute Pericarditis,

Enteric Fever,

Intestinal Atrophy,

Rupture of Stomach,

Congenital Syphilis,

Bodies "Too Decomposed "

Number of Skeletons,

II-Over 2 years and under 5 years of age.

Plague, septic.

Broncho-pneumonia,.

Marasmus..

Acute Tuberculosis,

Malaria,..

Plague, bubonic,

Diarrhoea

Croupous Pneumonia,

Plague Pneumonia,

Small-pox,

Tubercular Pneumonia,

11.

Acute Bronchitis,

Inanition,

Beri-beri,.

ون ون

283

2 2 2

{

Acute Peritonitis, Streptococcæmia, Tubercular Peritonitis, Acute Pleurisy,...

Acute Pericarditis, Liver Abscess.

Hæmorrhagic Pneumonia, Pneumococcæmia,

Strangulation of Intestine, Starvation,..... Staphylo coccæmia, Acute Hydrocephalus, Acute Tetanus,.. Intussusception,

Acute Nephritis,

Congenital Syphilis, Drowning,

Bodies "Too Decomposed,"

Number of post-mortems held on :-

1.—Children under 2 weeks of age:-

Males, Females,

Total,..

2.- Children over 2 weeks and under 2 years :-

Males,

Females,

Total,..

3.-Children over 2 years and under 5 years:--

Males,

Females,

Total,..

.162

197

..359

.189

...173

..362

The following general conclusions have been drawn as the result of 812 post- mortem examinations on children under 5 years of age.

of age

(1) The post-mortem examinations on children under 5 years

comprise about 35% of the total number of neoropsies held. (2.) Male children ars as frequently brought for examination as female

children.

(3.) About one-fourth of the children examined come from the Convents. (4.) About twice as many females as inales come from the Convents.

5.) The largest number of children are found in the streets.

(6.) Children under 2 years of age die most frequently in a condition of

marasmus,

(7.) Children under 5 years of age, during 1903, died most frequently from

plague.

(8.) Plague figures largely as a cause of dead in children under 2 years of

age.

(9.) All types of plague are more common in children over 2

years of age. (10.) Pneumonic plague is relatively infrequent in children under 2 years of

age.

(11.) Broncho-pneumonia affects all ages, and excluding marasmus, is

accountable for the largest number of deaths under 5 years of age. (12.) Acute tuberculosis is uncommon in children under 2 years of age. (13.) Intestinal tuberculosis in children is of the rarest possible occurrence. (14.) My results appear to show that food as a medium of infection in tuber-

culosis is of little importance.

(15.) Liver abscess may be found in young children. (16.) It may also affect female children.

284

(17.) A pathological group of changes identical with Beri-beri may be met

with in children.

(18.) Enteric fever in young children is rare.

(19.) Malaria may be found in infants under 2 weeks of age.

(20.) Diarrhoea is a frequent cause of death in children. Its cause varies.

considerably.

(21.) There is good reason to believe PARROT's dictum that "vicious ingesta

constitute the most frequent and potent of all determining causes of infantile mortality."

During the past year attention has been directed to the condition of the ductless glands in regard to the possibility of a relation existing between them and the condition known as marasmus. The investigation so far has been occupied with the appearances presented by the thymus owing to the statements made within the last year or two by HERARD, FRIEDLEBEN and METTENHEIMER and quite recently by RUHRAH that this gland has some definite relation to the state of nutrition of the body.

but

Opinions vary as to the weight of the thymus at different periods of life, it may be stated in general terms that its weight at birth rarely exceeds 12-15 grammes in a well developed infant. From this time onwards the weight of the organ increases more or less rapidly, so that about the end of 18 months or 2 years, it reaches 20-30 grammes.

The following is a resume of my investigations in regard to the weight of the gland in cases diagnosed by me as a condition of marasmus and a comparison be- tween these and cases in which a well recognised cause of death was forthcoming.

I.-Infants up to 1 week old.

Normal Thymus.

No.

Sex.

Age. 5 days.

Weight.

Cause of Death.

13 grms.

Syphilis. Sinall-pox. Pneumatosis.

13/

Rupture of Stomach.

Marasmatic Thymus.

No.

Sex.

Age. 7 days.

Weight. 2 grms.

II. Infants up to 2 weeks old.

Normal Thymus.

No.

Sex.

Age. 10 days.

Weight.

16 grms.

· Marasmatic Thymus.

Cause of Death.

Congestion of Lungs. Plague, septic.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

No.

Sex.

Age. 12 days.

Weight. 10 grms.

•

10 19

III.—Children up to 1 month old.

Normal Thymus.

No.

Sex.

Age.

Weight.

15 days.

16 grms.

1 month.

Cause of Death.

Br. Pneumonia.

Plague pneumonia. Plague, septic. Acute Pleurisy.

No.

Sex.

F...

285

Marasmatic Thymus.

Age.

19 days.

Weight.

10 grms.

3 weeks.

20 days.

IV. Children up to 1 year old.

Mormal Thymus.

No.

Sex.

Age.

Weight.

Cause of Death.

1 year.

25 grms.

9 months.

1 year.

97.

Marasmatic Thymus.

Age.

Plague, septic. Fracture of Skull. Small-pox. Malaria.

No.

Sex.

Weight.

8 months.

5 grms.

1 year.

-""

3 months.

1 year.

V. Children up to 5 years old.

Normal Thymus.

No.

Sex.

Age.

Weight.

2 years.

28 grms.

Marasmatic Thymus.

Cause of Death. Tuberculosis. Acute Tetanus. Malaria.

No.

Sex.

Age. 2 years.

Weight.

3 grms.

The foregoing tables speak for themselves. The cases are taken at random from over a hundred cases of marasmus and other causes of death. The other organs of the body did not show a decrease in weight. In one case of tetanus there was no atrophy of the gland.

The Preparation and Output of Small-pox Vaccine for the

Number of Calves inoculated,

Expenditure in Calves,

No. of Tubes prepared,

Value of 1903 Lymph, No. of Tubes issued, Value Tubes of issued, No. of Tubes paid for,

Value of Tubes paid for,

year 1903.

.$ 200.

7,074 .$4,352.

5,361 .$1,847.50

2,485 .$ 899.50

The foregoing figures show a great increase in the work done over that of 1902.

1. An increase of 3,422 Tubes prepared.

2. An increase in the value of the Lymph by $2,892.

3. An increase in the number of Tubes issued by 745.

4. An increase of 1,841 in the number of Tubes paid for. 5. An increase of $584 paid into the Bank.

- 286

ISSUES OF VACCINE DURING 1903.

Vaccine paid for,

The Victoria Goal,

The Tung Wal Hospital,.

The Civil Hospital,

The New Territory,

The Sanitary Board,.

.2,485 Tubes.

.1,050

800 ""

612

100 27

5,361

During the past year a considerable amount of pure bacteriological work has been done.

No attempt was made to prepare the more complicated vaccines and sera, as it was felt that until the erection of the Bacteriological Institute, the manufacture of such would be attended by considerable risk. The erection of the institute is now only a matter of months and it is hoped that during the present year, the building will be finished and so equipped that research of any nature may be undertaken under the best of conditions.

The routine bacteriological work consisted mainly in the examination of material sent by medical men. I am glad to be able to state that not only have the medical men in Hongkong availed themselves of the laboratory but also those practising in neigbouring ports.

Repeatedly throughout the past year have iny services been requisitioned by medical gentlemen in Canton, Pakhoi, Amoy, Swatow, etc. I feel convinced that with the opening of the institute and the knowledge of the existence of such in the Far East, great progress will be made in regard to research, and with the co- operation of medical men in Hongkong and neighbouring ports much can be accom- plished along many lines of investigation.

During the past year 40 cases of suspected Typhoid fever have been examined by Widal's Test.

In several instances the spleen has been examined post-mortem for the Bacillus typhosus and on two occasions pure cultures of the organism were obtained.

Eight suspected cases of Diphtheria have been examined.

An interesting case of Anthrax with meningitis was examined bacteriologically. The Bacillus anthracis along with the pneumococcus was found. A full report of the case was sent to Dr. BELL, the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital. Several suspected cases of Cholera have been examined but with a negative

result.

Specimens of blood, sputum, etc. were forwarded to me from the Naval Authori- ties owing to the occurrence of suspicious pneumonia on board one of His Majesty's Battleships. The cases proved to be Plague.

Numbers of specimens of sputum have been examined during the year.

A large number of tumours have been examined. The work, however, could not be carried on systematically owing to the building operations at the Public Mortuary. I have to acknowledge my indebtedness to many medical gentlenen for forwarding specimenes of tumours and more particularly to Dr. MACLEAN GIBSON who has always let me have preparations of all tumours coming under his notice.

Tumours at the Public Mortuary are rarely inet with.

During the epidemic of plague last year, I was asked by the President of the Sanitary Board to enquire into the question of sterility of certain supplies of Plague Vaccine from Bombay. Ten samples were tested and three of them were found contaminated.

I am glad to state that in future the plague prophylactic will be prepared locally.

From the month of June onwards, I was engaged along with Mr. GIBSON, the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, investigating a Cattle Disease which was preva- lent in the Colony. A preliminary Report has already been published. Further research into this disease is to be carried on during 1904, as to experimental infection, the modes of infection, the question of curative treatment, and the problem of prophylaxis against the disease.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

SIR H. A. BLAKE'S SERVICES AS GOVERNOR.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

HONGKONG.

No. 18.

DOWNING STREET,

13th January, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 543 of the 27th of November, forwarding extracts from the local press relating to the presentation of Addresses to Sir H. A. BLAKE on his departure from the Colony to assume the Government of Ceylon.

2. I have read these reports with great interest and have been much pleased to note the evidence which they afford of the esteem in which Sir. H. A. BLAKE is held by all classes of the community. I cordially agree with all that has been said as to the ability and success with which he has administered the Government of Hongkong.

3. The period of his administration has been marked by events of such im- portance to the well-being of the Colony, such as the hoisting of the British flag in the territory leased by China under the Agreement of the 8th of June, 1898, aud the inauguration of works for providing an additional and adequate water supply for the city of Victoria. It has also, unfortunately, been marked by serious out- breaks of bubonic plague and by no means the least part of the debt of gratitude which the Colony owes to its late Governor is due to the vigour and energy which he has displayed in the endeavour to check the mortality from this disease and to diminish, so far as possible, the danger of further outbreaks.

I have, &c.,

ALFRED LYTTELTON.

The Officer Administering the Government of

HONGKONG.

NO. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE BLUE BOOK FOR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

HONGKONG.

No. 202.

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 12th May, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit for your information the following general Report on the anuual Blue Book for the year 1903.

I. FINANCES.

The Revenue for the year exclusive of Land Sales amounted to $4,728,692.17, or $398,979.69 more than the previous year. Land Sales amounted to $510,165.71, or $61,195.51 more than in 1902. The total Revenue from all sources was there- fore $5,238,857.88, or $337.784.18 greater than in any previous year, and $305,562.88 more than the estimate. All the main sources of revenue show an excess over 1902 with the exception of Miscellaneous Receipts and Land Sales, and all items similarly show an excess of actual over estimated receipts with the ex- ception of Rent of Government Property, Miscellaneous Receipts, and the Water Account. Licences and Internal Revenue not otherwise specified show an excess of $187,836.09, while Fees of Court or Office, &c., and the Post Office yielded, over $50,000 and slightly under $30,000 respectively over the estimate.

The Expenditure for the year was $4,746,838.44 exclusive of Public Works Extraordinary; inclusive of that item it was $5,396,669.48, or $512,879.03 less than the total expenditure of 1902. Deducting from the actual expenditure for 1903 the total actual receipts, there was a deficit $157,811.60 on the actual work- ing of the year, though the surplus of Assets on December 31st amounted to $177,830.83 exclusive of arrears of Revenue.

(a.)-GENERAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

The following is a brief abstract of Revenue and Expenditure for the years 1902 and 1903 :-

1902.

1903.

Increase.

Decrease.

$ (.

Light Dues,

66,106.52

74,960.00

8,853.48

Licences and Internal Revenue not

otherwise specified,

2,600,520.55 2,849,936.09

249,415.54

Fees of Court, &c.,

296,709.19 352,719.02

56,009.83

Post Office,

387,066.19

414,867.20

27,801.01

Rent of Government Property,

572,286.15

615,683.01

43,396.86

Interest,...

2,003:92

5,964.73

3,960.81

Miscellaneous,

233,070.49

178,602.00

54,468.49

Water Account,

171,949.47

235,960.12 64,010.65

Land Sales,

571,361.22

510,165.71

61,195,51

Total,...

4,901,073.70 | 5,238,857,88 453,448.18

115,664.00

Deduct Decrease.......

115,664.00

Nett Increase,

$337,784.18

The Right Honourable

ALFRED LYTTELTON,

His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies,

&c.,

&c.

344

TOTAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE FIVE YEARS 1899-1903.

1899.

1900.

1901.

Revenue, Expenditure,

3,610,143.25 4,202,587.40

4,213,893.224.901,073.70

3,162,792.363,628,447.13 4,111,722.49 5,909,548.515,396,669.48

1902.

1903.

ૐ (. 5,238,857.88

Surplus,

Deficit,

447,350.89 574,140.27 102,170.73

1,008,474.81 157,811.60

b.)-ASSETS AND LIABILITIES.

At the end of the year 1903, the Assets of the Colony amounted to $609,950.40, exclusive of arrears of revenue which with the sum just mentioned bring the total Assets up to $731,218.40 The total Liabilities were $672,661.86, so that the surplus of Assets over Liabilities amounted to $58,556.54.

(c.)-PUBLIC DEBT.

There is a public debt of £341,799. 15. 1 outstanding. The original debt was incurred in connection with the Praya Reclamation, the Central Market, and Water, Drainage and Sewerage Works.

Fund.

Interest at 3 is payable on the loan, which is being paid off by a Sinking

II. TRADE AND SHIPPING, INDUSTRIES, FISHERIES,

AGRICULTURE AND LAND.

(a.) TRADE AND SHIPPING.

The following table shows the principal articles of export in the year 1903 in vessels of European contruction, compared with similar returns for 1902. The figures represent the tonnage :---

Articles.

1902.

1903.

Increase.

Decrease.

Beans,...

300

3,120

2,820

Bones,..

Coal,

1,040,906

1,186,686

145,780

Cotton Yarn and Cotton,

11,498

20,795

9,297

Flour,

107,826

120,430

12,604

Hemp,...

22,923

24,149

1,226

Kerosine (bulk),

54,461

40,607

......

13.854

(case),

60,400

82.960

22,560

Lead,

625

550

Liquid Fuel,

6,299

1,000

75 5,299

Opium,

4,871

4,997

126

Pitch,

1,900

Rattan,...

4,742

4,020

Rice,...

819,919

597,730

Sandalwood,.

5,374

4,713

722 222,189 661

Sulphur,

961

Sugar,..

268,268

229,946

38,322

Tea,...

1,746

1,721

Timber,.

75,023

64,400

10,623

General,

1,480,003

1,594,600

114,597

Total,

3,963,463 3,985,310

313,592

291,745

Transit,

2,372.397 2,874,950

502,553

Grand Total,

6,335,860

6,860,260

816,145

291,745

Nett...

524,400

345

The total tonnage entering and clearing during the year 1903 amounted to 24,039,862 tons, being an increase, compared with 1902, of 2,511,082 tons, and the same number in excess of any previous year.

There were 53,991 arrivals of 12,027,092 tons, and 54,009 departures of 12,012,770 tons.

Of British Ocean-going tonnage, 3,396,314 tons entered, and 3,382,121 tons cleared.

Of British River Steamers 2,237,249 tons entered, and 2,234,613 tons cleared.

Of Foreign Ocean-going tonnage, 3,667,871 tons entered, and 3,665,880 tons cleared.

Of Foreign River Steamers, 217,619 tons entered, and 216,744 tons cleared.

Of Steam Launches trading to ports outside the Colony 93,239 tons entered, and 93,239 tons cleared.

Of Junks in Foreign Trade, 1,347,001 tons entered, and 1,351,458 tons cleared.

Of Junks in Local Trade, 1,067,799 tons entered, and 1,068,715 tons cleared.

Thus---

British Ocean-going tonnage represented

River

Foreign Ocean-going

28.20%

18.60%

30.51%

1.81%

0.77%

11.22%

Local Trade

8.89%

100.00%

Steam Launches in Foreign Trade

Junks

A comparison between the years 1902 and 1903 is given in the following Table; Steam Launches are not included.

Comparative Shipping Return for the Years 1902 and 1903.

1902.

1903.

Increase.

Decrease.

Ships. Tonnage.Ships. Tounage.

Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage.

British,. Foreign,

Junks in Foreign

Trade,

Total,.

7,102 9,571,787 8,449|11,250,296 1,347 1.678,509 5,359 6.704.211 6,040| 7,768,115

| 36,245 3.238.239 31,766 2,698,459

681 1,063,904

4,179 539.780

48,706 | 19,514,2:7 46.255 21,716,870| 2,028 2,742,413′ 4,479 539.780

Junks in Lo al {50,743 1.819,329 58,2152,136,514 7.472|| 317,185

Trade,

Grand Total,... 99,449 | 21,333,566 104.470 23,853,384 9,500 3,059,598 4,479 | 539,780

NET,

5,021 2,519,818

* Including 17,210 Conservancy and Dust Boats of 637,052 tons.

† Including 25,582 Conservancy and Dust Boats of 932,078 tons.

For vessels under the British Flag, this Table shows as increase of 1,347 ships of 1,678,509 tons, an increase of 427 ships of 762,845 tons to Ocean-going, and an increase of 920 ships of 915,664 tons to River Trade.

The above increase in Ocean-going is principally due to the fact of some new lines having been established the China Commercial Steamship Company, the British India Steamers now visiting the port, the addition of some new steamers to local firms, and lastly to an increase of Coal imported from Australia in Steamers new to the Port.

346

The increase in River Trade is almost wholly due to the new Steamers Kinshan and Wing Chai being in the River Trade during the greater part of 1903 and to an increased number of sailings by the Hongkong, Canton and Macao Steam Boat Company, Limited.

Under Foreign Flags, the table shows an increase of 681 ships of 1,063,904 tons of which 328 ships of 821,216 tons are Ocean-going, the remainder 353 ships measuring 242,688 tons are River Steamers.

The increase in Ocean-going is made up principally by an increased number of Steamers calling at the Port in 1903 under the United States Flag and to the increased tonnage of some of the Pacific Mail Steamers, and to an increase under Chinese, Japanese and French Flags.

The increase in River Trade is made up by two French Steamers Sun Cheung and Kong Nam, the former being a new Steamer and the latter was transferred from the British Flag in July, 1903, also to the Chinese Steamers Chan Wai and Chan On whose running commenced in the first Quarter of 1903.

The actual number of ships of European construction (exclusive of River Steamers and Steam Launches) entering the Port during 1903, was 741, of which 344 were British, and 397 Foreign. These 741 ships entered 4,419 times, giving a total tonnage entered of 7,064,185 tons. Thus compared, with 1902, 23 more ships entered 372 more times, and gave a total tonnage increased by 779,927 tons.

STEAMERS.

Flag.

Ships.

No. of Times entered.

Total Tonnage.

British,

324

Austrian,

1902. 1903. | 1902. | 1903. 1902. 1903.

3311,7531,982 2,965,0303,368,788

42 125,929 106,944

Belgian,

3.624

Chinese,

135

172

163,396

222,164

Danish,

23,374 48,676

Dutch,.

26,464 34,575

French,

228

262

219,111 246,837

German,

123

126

939

937

1,360,524 1,345,567

Italian,.

Japanese,

409

467

Norwegian,

300

318

Portuguese,.

23,428 32,732 865,400,1,017,263 263,379 319,685

7,897 7,110

Russian,

32,046 30,781

Swedish,

14,325 26,093

United States,.

61 121,939 200,706

No Flag,

1.260

Total,

676.

709 4,000 4,383 6,215,866 7,009,181

During the year 1903, 14,489 vessels of European construction, of 19,018,411 tons (net Register), reported having carried 9,768,405 tons of Cargo, as follows:-

Import Cargo,.. Export

Transit

Bunker Coal shipped,

.3,985,310

2,245,119

2,874,950

663,026

$9,768,405

347

The principal features to be remarked in the reported Trade of the Port for 1903 are:

In Imports reported :----

Increases in Coal of 14.0°/

Decreases in Bulk Petroleum of 25.4°

Cotton of 80.8%.

Liquid Fuel

of 84.1%

Flour of 11.6°

Rice

of 27.1%.

Case Petroleum of 37.3%.

Sugar

of 14.3%

Timber

of 14.1%.

General of 7.7%

The net increase under this head amounts to 21,847 tons. In Exports, there is an increase reported of 24,252

In Transit Cargo

502,553

The total reported Import Trade of the Port for 1903 amounted to 24.819 vessels of 10,959,293 tons, carrying 7,392,320 tous of cargo, of which 4,517,370 tons were discharged at Hongkong. This does not include the number, tonnage, or cargo of Junks, or Steam Launches employed in Local Trade.

Similarly, the Export Trade froin the Port was represented by 24,966 vessels of 10,944,055 tons, carrying 3,034,683 tous Cargo, and shipping 675,891 tons of Bunker Coal.

Eighty-three thousand three hundred and eighty-four (83,384) Emigrants left Hongkong for various places during the year: of these, 55,681 were carried by British Ships and 27,703 by Foreign Ships; 140,551 were reported as having been brought to Hongkong from places to which they had emigrated, and of these, 107,166 were brought in British Ships and 33,385 by Foreign Ships.

The total Revenue collected by the Harbour Department during the year was $285.288.42, being an increase of $18,522.43 on the previous year:-

1. Light Dues,

2. Licences and Internal Revenue,

3. Fees of Court and Office,

.$ 74,960.00

55,475.50

154,852.92

Total,.

$285,288.42

(b.) INDUSTRIES.

The conditions of the Sugar industry in the Colony during 1903 were much more favourable than in the previous year, when a serious collapse in prices was experienced all over the world, rendering profitable working impossible. In con- trast to the wide range of prices during 1902, fluctuations were much more mod- erate, and with values at a low level the consumption of sugar showed a considerable advance, especially in the China market. This steadiness in prices may be at- tributed to the passing of the Brussels Sugar Convention in the Spring of 1902, under which European sugar bounties were abolished, and which came into oper- ation on the 1st September, 1903. The markets in Europe, however, were still overstocked as the result of enormous overproduction in previous years, so that the full effect of the abolition of bounties has not been felt, but when such stocks have been worked off the sugar trade generally will be relieved of a factor which has hitherto accentuated its necessarily speculative nature, and there is no reason why the local refineries should not share in the benefits likely to result therefrom.

The Cotton Spinning industry during the first half of 1903 was carried on under not unsatisfactory conditions although the recurrence of plague, by its indirect effect on the labour supply, interfered with production for several months From June onwards prices fluctuated violently owing to speculative operations, and at the end of the year had reached a figure which made profitable spinning impossible, prices for yarns not having responded to the advance in the prices of the raw material. The outlook for the industry at the end of 1903 was far from promising, and is not likely to improve until cotton be obtainable at a more reasonable figure. If the valleys of the New Territory could be utilised for cotton plantations, whereby the

348

raw material could be procured locally at permanent prices or at least at prices which could be approximately foretold, the industry would undoubtedly receive a much-needed impetus.

In other respects the outlook for industrial enterprise in Hongkong continues on the whole to be promising.

(c.) FISHERIES.

A considerable proportion of the boat-population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shaukiwan and many others in the New Territory are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Fresh-water fish is largely imported from Canton and the West River.

(d.) FORESTRY, BOTANICAL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE.

Afforestation of the island and the New Territory has proceeded normally, the year being a favourable one as regards absence of typhoons and diminution of fires and forestry offences. The Colonial Herbarium was enriched during the year by several small but interesting collections from different parts of China, and was visited by botanists from Europe, America and Japan. The efforts of the Govern- ment to improve the eultivation of sugar-cane in the New Territory have been continued by the distribution of better varieties of cane among the farmers. The kinds introduced have grown well at the experimental estate at Castle Peak, and give a better percentage of sugar than any hitherto cultivated in this part of China.

The hilly character of the island and its comparative absence of fertilising soil have prevented agriculture from becoming an active source of industry in Hong- kong. The area of cultivated land in the island is only a little over 400 acres. The old dependency of British Kowloon, which is chiefly composed of level ground, contains almost the same amount of cultivated land. This, however, tends to diminish as buildings extend. The only part of the Colony where agricultural industries can be expected to thrive is the New Territory, including the large islands of Lantao and Lamma. Valleys intersected by extensive ranges of barren hills are utilised to the utmost extent by rice-plantations and other crops. The area of cultivated land in the New Territory (including the islands) may be roughly estimated at 90,000 acres, but much of this contains exceedingly poor soil and consists of minute holdings belonging to the poorest class of peasants.

(e.) LAND GRANTS AND GENERAL VALUE OF LAND.

Sales of Crown land amounted to over $510,000, which was considerably over the average amount received from such sales, though $60,000 less than the receipts for the previous year.

The survey of the New Territories has been completed and valuable maps of each sub-district are now in the possession of the Government.

Building land in the urban portion of the Colony and in the Peak district is limited in extent and steadily increasing in value. The natural consequence is that house-rents, especially on the higher levels, have advanced to an extent probably unknown in other British Colonies.

III.

LEGISLATION.

Twenty-four Ordinances were passed by the Legislature during 1903, of which ten were measures for the amendment or repeal of previous enactments. The most important measures of the year were the Public Health and Buildings Amend- ment and Consolidation Ordinance (No. 1 of 1903) and the Waterworks Ordinance (No. 16 of 1903). The latter repeals the Waterworks Consolidation Ordinance of 1902, which was referred to in the Blue Book Report for that year, and makes

The former was other provisions for economising the water-supply. doubtedly the most important measure which has been enacted for many years. It is hoped that the ultimate benefits which it may be expected to confer upon the health and well-being of the Colony will be far-reaching. Further reference to this measure will be found under the heading of Vital Statistics (b). parts of the Empire, an Ordinance was passed to declare a perpetual holiday on the anniversary of the birth of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria.

un-

As in other

IV.

349

EDUCATION.

The educational system of the Colony is still undergoing revision, and the results which may be expected from the changes cannot yet be judged with exact- ness. The demand among the Chinese for instruction in the English language continues to increase, and every effort is made to meet that demand and to render the methods of instruction as thorough as possible. All the Anglo-Chinese schools have their full complement of pupils, and Queen's College, the principal school in the Colony, is unfortunately obliged, through lack of accommodation, to refuse admittance to many applicants. A Sub-Committee of the Governing Body of that institution was appointed during the year to draw up a course of study for the Chinese classes in the College. The same course has been adopted in the Anglo- Chinese District Schools, and in most of the Anglo-Chinese and Vernacular Grant Schools.

One of the most important changes recommended by the Committee on Educa- tion which sat in 1902 was the substitution of a new Code for the then existing Grant-in-aid Code. The new Code was drafted early in the year under review and has met with general approval. It was decided not to bring it into universal opera- tion till January 1st, 1904, but schools were permitted, if they so desired, to adopt it from the 1st July, 1903. About one half of them elected to do so. The follow- ing are some of the points of difference which distinguish the new from the old Code:-

(a.) The Grants are paid upon the results of the Inspector's observation throughout the year, and not upon the success or otherwise of individual scholars at an Annual Examination.

(b.) The Code recognizes that schools employing a well educated Staff are worthy of special recognition by giving a higher rate of Grant, paid in sterling, to such schools. The Staff must, in order to meet the requirements of the Code in this respect, be partly composed of Europeans, or natives of very unusual qualifications.

(c.) The old Code gave Grants to schools giving a Chinese education ou the time-honoured Chinese lines, as well as to schools in which Portuguese or German was the medium of instruction. The pre- sent Code recognizes only modern Western methods of imparting instruction, and insists that either English or Chinese must be the medium of instruction: other languages may of course be studied as Class subjects.

The Kowloon School for European British subjects has now been open for nearly two years. The attendance during 1903 averaged 46-4 as compared with 39-3 in 1902, an increase of 18 per cent.

The District Schools were entirely re-organised at the beginning of the year. Special attention has been paid to the improvement of the Chinese Masters in their methods, especially in the method of teaching English.

Of the Anglo-Chinese Schools, three at least-the Roman Catholic Cathedral School, the Ellis Kadoorie School, and the St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School- have given evidence of a desire to attach greater importance than heretofore to the study of spoken English. The last-named is an encouraging example of a well- conducted school under Chinese Masters only.

The Vernacular Schools have on the whole greatly improved in the last two years. This improvement is most apparent in the schools which elected to come under the new Code at once, thus freeing themselves from a hard-and-fast line of study.

V. PUBLIC WORKS.

The principal public works in progress during the year were the new Law Courts, new Harbour Office, and extension of the Tytan Reservoir, the Kowloon Water-works, the provision of temporary pumping plant for water-supply purposes at Tytam Tuk and preliminary works there to ascertain the most favourable posi- tion for a large dam, the reconstruction of street gullies, large extensions of the cattle depôts, and the training of nullahs for the improvement of the sanitary con- dition of some of the residential districts. A substantial start was made with the

350

superstructure of the Law Courts and Harbour Office before the close of the year, and the extension of the Tytain Reservoir was nearly completed. The foundations of the main dam for the Kowloon Water-works, which is to be 90 feet in height above the level of the ground, were ready to receive concrete; a large covered service reservoir to contain two million gallons was well alvanced; and the pre- paration of a site for the filter-beds and the cutting of a tunnel for the main from the reservoir were in progress. In consequence of the inadequacy of the water supply to meet the growing demands of the City of Victoria and pending the construction of permanent works in the Tytan Tuk Valley for augmenting the supply, a temporary pumping engine capable of raising half a million gallons daily was erected there and the necessary main laid to the Tytam tunnel. A small dam to impound the ordinary flow of the stream during dry weather was also constructed. Trial works were in progress throughout the year in Tytam Tuk Inlet for the purpose of determining a suitable site for the construction of a damn to impound over 1,000 million gallons, but had not been concluded at the end of the year. The reconstruction of the street gullies throughout the City was undertaken principally on sanitary grounds, one object being to confine sewage to the sewers and exclude it from the storm-water drains. In consequence of the large exports of cattle from Hongkong to the Philippines considerable extensions of the depôts had to be under- taken. The accommodation provided is being increased from 480 to 1,241 head of cattle. Some extensive operations in the way of training the mountain streams were carried out, largely with a view to ridding residential areas of the anopheles mosquito.

The total amount expended on Public Works Extraordinary exclusive of the Praya Reclamation was $629,831, and on works annually recurrent $529,551.

VI. GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS.

(a.) HOSPITALS.

Government Hospitals consist of the Civil Hospital, to which is attached an isolated Maternity Hospital, the Victoria Hospital for Women and Children, Ken- nedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital, and the hulk Hygeia which is also used for

the treatment of infectious diseases.

The Civil Hospital contains 150 beds in 20 wards. 2,794 in-patients and 11,911 out-patients were treated during the year 1903. 346 cases of malarial fever were admitted as against 349 in 1902 and 787 in 1901. The Maternity Hospital contains 6 beds for Europeans and 4 for Asiatics. 62 confinements occurred during the year, without any death. The Victoria Hospital was opened towards the end of the year by Sir HENRY BLAKE. It is situated on the higher levels and is therefore better adapted for the treatment of children than the Civil Hospital. It contains 41 beds. Kennedy Town Hospital contains 26 beds in the main building. In 1903, 400 cases were treated, of which 301 were cases of Plague, 61 of Small-pox, and 2 of Cholera.

(b.) LUNATIC ASYLUM.

The Asylum is under the direction of the Superintendent of the Civil Hospital. European and Chinese patients are separated, the European portion containing 8 beds in separate wards and the Chinese portion 16 beds. 155 patients of all races were treated during 1903, and there were 12 deaths.

(c.) THE TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

This hospital is mainly supported by the voluntary subscriptions of Chinese, but receives an annual grant of $6,000 from the Government. A new wing was opened by Sir HENRY BLAKE in 1903. Only Chinese are treated in this institution, which takes the place of a poor-house and hospital for Chinese sick and destitute. Chinese as well as European methods of treatment are employed in accordance with the wishes expressed by the patients or their friends. The hospital is managed by a Committee of Chinese gentlemen annually elected, their appointment being sub- mitted to the Governor for confirmation.

351

OTHER GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS.

The Prison, Observatory, Post Office, Educational Establishments and other Government institutions are dealt with under separate heads.

VII. INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTED BY GOVERNMENT.

Among institutions recognized and encouraged but not to any considerable extent supported by Government may be mentioned the Pó Leung Kuk, the College of Medicine for Chinese, and the City Hall. The Pó Leung Kuk is an institution presided over by the Registrar General and an annually-elected Committee of twelve Chinese gentlemen, for the protection of women and children. The inmates of the Home receive daily instruction in elementary subjects and are allowed to earn pocket-money by needle-work. During 1903 a total of 826 persons were admitted, of whom 632 were women, 134 young girls, and 60 small boys. Of these, 360 were restored to their parents or sent to charitable institutions in China, 24 were sent to missionary schools and convents. 22 were married, 15 adopted, and 409 allowed to leave. The Home is medically attended by one of the Colonial Sur- geons.

The Hongkong College of Medicine for Chinese was founded in 1887, for the

purpose of teaching surgery, medicine and obstetrics to Chinese. The govern ment of the College is vested in the Court, of which the Rector of the College, who has always been a Government official, is President. 78 students have been enrolled up to the end of 1903, and of these 19 have become qualified licentiates and have obtained various posts under Government and elsewhere. The institution is of great value in spreading a knowlege of Western medical science among the Chinese; and in addition to the employment of certain of the licentiates in the public service the senior students have frequently been made use of for various purposes during epidemics. A Government grant-in-aid of $2,50 is made to the College, to be used as honoraria to the lecturers.

The City Hall receives an annual grant of $1,200 from Government. It cou- tains a reference library and a museum.

VIII.—CRIMINAL AND POLICE.

The total of all cases reported to the Police was 11,251, as againt 10.421 in 1902, being an increase of 830 or 7.96 per cent. In the division of these cases into Serious and Minor Offences there appears an increase, as compared with 1902, of 863 cases or 21.58 per cent. in the former, and a decrease of 33 cases or .51 per cent. in the latter. The increase in crime was principally in respect of larceny. The Police Force is composed of a Captain Superintendent, a Deputy and 2 Assistant Superin- tendents, and three contingents of Europeans, Indians and Chinese. The European contingent consists of 133 men, the Chinese of 421, and the Indian of 367, making a grand total of 921 besides the superior officers already named and a staff of clerks and coolies. Of this Force, one Assistant Superintendent (who also acts as Police Magistrate) and 14 Europeans, 96 Indians and 43 Chinese were stationed in the New Territory during the greater part of the year. After September the number of Indians was reduced to 80

The number of prisoners admitted to Victoria Gaol under the sentences of the ordinary Courts was 7,144, besides 74 soldiers and sailors sentenced by Courts Mar- tial. The daily average number of prisoners confined in the Gaol was 653, the largest number on record. In 1902 the number was 576, and in 1901 it was 499. As a means of relieving the congested state of the Gaol pending the erection of a Convict Prison the Belilios Reformatory was fitted up as a temporary prison, and short-sentence prisoners are now located in that building. The remunerative labour carried on in the Gaol consists of printing and book-binding, carpentry, boot- making, knitting, painting and whitewashing, mat-making, oakum-picking, &c. The value of their earnings during the year amounted to $31,489.

352

IX. VITAL STATISTICS.

(a.) POPULATION.

The last Census was taken in January, 1901, when the population was found to be 283,975 exclusive of the Army and Navy. The estimated population at the beginning of the year under review (the naval and military forces being similarly excluded from the estimate) was 317,130, including 10,080 non-Chinese. This is exclusive of the New Territory, the population of which is probably slightly under 110,000. The military forces account for about 8,500 in addition. No reliable estimate can be given of the naval population, as it naturally varies within very wide limits. The total population of the Colony may therefore be estimated in round figures at 445,000 of all nationalities. The total number of births registered in the Colony was 1,034, and of deaths 6,185. This gives an annual birth-rate of 3.17 and a death-rate of 18.9 per 1,000 as compared with 3.8 and 21.7 in 1902. The excess of deaths over births is explained by the fact that thousands of Chinese families are represented in Hongkong by men only, there being a very large float- ing population of adult males. It should also be remembered that a large proportion of births among the Chinese remains unregistered, though steps are being taken to remedy this irregularity as far as possible.

(b.) PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAnitation.

Reference has already been made, under the heading of Legislation, to the very important Public Health and Buildings Ordinance passed early in the year under review. It is still too early to look for many immediate benefits arising from this ineasure, as many of its sections apply to houses to be hereafter erected, and others. such as the resumption of insanitary areas, the provision of open spaces in crowded districts, and the improvement of the internal construction of Chinese houses, are works which must necessarily be enforced gradually. It is gratifying to note that a large section of the Chinese is beginning to appreciate the advantages of improved sanitation and healthy surroundings, and shows an increasing willingness to co- operate with the Sanitary authorities in cleansing and disinfecting operations. Much credit for this tendency is due to the results of the successful experiment initiated and carried out by Sir HENRY BLAKE in the course of the summer, whereby the inhabit- ants of a typical district in the poorer part of the city were induced, by the exercise of tact and sympathy and judicious instruction, but without the pressure of official authority, to work out their own sanitary salvation. The system of establishing free bath-houses and washing tanks for the people of this district proved remarkably successful and is being largely extended.

In spite of the strenuous efforts of the medical and sanitary staffs to prevent a recurrence of plague, the number of deaths from this cause in 1903 was over the the average.

There were 1,415 cases of plague reported during the year, as com- pared with 572 in 1902. Of the total cases, 1,251 resulted in death. As usual, the greatest number of cases occurred in May and June. 60 cases of small-pox were notified, 10 of cholera, 44 of enteric fever, and 397 of beri-beri.

The gradual improvement of the sanitation of the Colony is shown by the fact that, in spite of the long death-roll from plague, the death-rate from all causes among both non-Chinese and Chinese shows a diminution. This is partly and in- directly due to the steady decline in the mortality from malarial fever, against which a crusade is being maintained in this Colony with conspicuous success.

(c.) CLIMATE.

The average inonthly temperature throughout the year was 71 5° F. as com- pared with 73-4° F. in 1902, and 713 F. during the ten preceding years. The maxiumm monthly temperature was attained in June, when it reached 82.0' F., and the minimuin monthly temperature was recorded in January, when it was 58.3° F. The highest recorded temperature during the year was 92-4° F. on July 31st, and the lowest 41.9° F. on February 3rd.

The returns from the Hongkong Observatory show that the total rainfall for the year was 93.65 inches as compared with an average of 77-86 inches during the past ten years. The wettest month was June, with 25-23 inches, the dryest December, with only 0.03 inch. The greatest amount of rain which fell on any

353

one day was 8.50 inches on the 28th June, while no rain fell on 230 days of the year. The relative humidity of the atmosphere throughout the year was 77 per cent. as compared with an average of 78 per cent. during the past 10 years. The average daily amount of sunshine was 4-7 hours being 42 per cent. of the possible

duration.

X.--POSTAL SERVICE.

The revenue derived from all sources of the postal service amounted to $414,867.20, an increase of $27,801.01 on that of the previous year. The sale of of stamps realised $373,877.73, or $19,927.74 more than was realised in 1902- All other branches of the service showed an increase over the returns for the pre. vious year.

Negotiations were entered into for the establishment of parcel-post services between this Colony and the United States of America and the Philippine Islands, and between this Colony and the Netherlands East Indies.

The transmission of letters to Europe via the Siberian route at the same rates of postage as for transmission viâ Suez, came into operation on the 13th October.

XI.-MILITARY FORCES AND EXPENDITURE.

(a.) REGULAR FORCES.

The following return shows the number and composition of the forces employed in the Colony during 1903:-

CORPS.

EUROPEANS.

INDIANS.

CHINESE.

TOTALS.

Officers.

Warrant

Officers.

N. C. O.'s

& Men.

Officers.

N. C. O.'s

General Staff,.

Garrison Staff,

Royal Garrison Artillery,

Hongkong Singapore Bn. R. G. A., 16

Royal Engineers,

Chinese S. M. M. Co. R. E.,.

1st Sherwood Foresters,..

Army Service Corps,

Royal Army Medical Corps,

A. O. Department and Corps, A. P. Department and Corps, Indian Sub-Medical Department, Educational Department,

Army Chaplains Department, 110th Mahratta L. I.,

93rd Burma Infantry,

114th Mahrattas,

¡NN-N-

12:

534 10

172

744

& Men.

N. C. O.'s

& Men.

556

480

514

189

777

703

729

731

757

724

752

Totals,

140

1,576

56 2,638 70

4,495

(6.) COLONIAL CONTRIBUTION.

The Colony contributed $961,408.50 (being the statutory contribution of 20 per cent. of revenue, towards the cost of the maintenance of the regular forces in the Colony and Barrack Services.

354

(c.). VOLUNTEER CORPS

The total establishment of the Corps is 400 of all ranks. The strength in 1903 was 239, made up as follows:-Staff, 7; 2 Garrison Artillery companies, 203; 1 Engineer Company, 26; and a Band, 3.

The expenditure on the Volunteers, which is entirely borne by the Colony, was $37,965.58.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Sir HENRY BLAKE, K.C.M.G., left the Colony for Ceylon on the 21st November, and I administered the Government from that date until the end of the year. Major-General Sir WILLIAM GASCOIGNE, K.C.M.G., who has commanded the troops for the last five years and who on two occasions (1900 and 1902) administered the Government of the Colony, relinquished his command in September, and was suc- ceeded by Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.

The figures already given at the beginning of this Report are evidence of the continued prosperity of this Port. The fluctuations of the silver-market and the par- tial commercial depression arising from the prospect of political disturbances in the Far East, have with other causes contributed to prevent the past year from being marked by special buouyancy of trade or steadiness in the stock market; but there is nothing to indicate that the trade interests and the wealth of this Colony have ceased to expand. But if the port is to preserve its predominant position as a great em- porium for shipping, there are many problems which demand early consideration and timely action, such as the increase of the accommodation in the Harbour for ocean-going steamers, the provision of more space for the housing of an ever increasing population, and the further development of the trade of the West River and its tributaries by the opening of new ports. Over-shadowing all these ques- tions, however, is the pressing necessity for the speedy construction of the railway between Hongkong and Canton, for which a concession was granted to a British syndicate many years ago by the Chinese Government. The development of rail- way enterprise in other parts of China has, in the opinion of the Government and the entire commercial community, rendered it of paramount importance to the prosperity of Hongkong that this Colony should be connected by railway with the capital of the Kwangtung Province, which is to be connected by a trunk line with the Yangtse Valley.

I have, &c.,

F. H. MAY.

Officer Administering the Government.

33 No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

No. 18.

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT,

HONGKONG, 11th April, 1904.

SIR,—I have the honour to submit, for the information of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, the Annual Report on this Department for the year 1903.

STAFF.

The Department was administered by the Assistant Superintendent from the beginning of the year until the arrival of the Superintendent on May 4th.

The Superintendent was absent from September 30th to November 16th, on an official visit to Weihaiwei for the purpose of reporting upon the agricultural and forestry possibilities of that Dependency, during which period the Depɩrtinent was again in charge of the Assistant Superintendent.

The post of Chinese Head Forester left vacant by the death of YUNG CHING was filled by WONG SING PO.

BOTANIC GARDENS.

Management.-The Gardens have of late years become so crowded by Chinese visitors in fine weather that it was deemed advisable to restrict their use on cer- tain days in order to provide opportunities of visiting them in a less crowded state by those desirous of doing so for scientific or other purposes. Each of the two gardens were accordingly closed once a week during August. September and October. admission being granted only to visitors presenting their cards. 26 op- portunities were thus offered to the public of visiting the gardens under favourable conditions and 627 persons (of whom 334 were Europeans) availed themselves of them. The result is interesting as showing the small demand that there is at the present time for an uncrowded garden. The privileged entrance should per- haps be tried again from time to time to test the wishes of the community.

During the latter part of the year two gardeners were used as Park Keepers to encourage visitors to observe the Regulations of the Gardens. A marked improvement in the behaviour of the Chinese working men who visit the Gardens in large numbers has resulted from this plan, thus rendering the Gardens more attractive to other visitors.

Some amendments were made in the Regulations in August, by one of which visitors are now allowed to bring in their dogs on leash.

Improvements.-One of the points brought out by the occasional closing of the Gardens referred to above was the comparatively small use made of the New Gardens by visitors. This has probably been due in some measure to the small number of seats there and this defect was reinedied in the autumn by the addition of 30 new ones. The opportunity was taken of opening up the trees and shrubs in front of some of the seats in order to give good views of the harbour. seats were also placed in Glenealy Ravine.

Some

Horticulture.-Some of the chief attractions to visitors during the latter months of the year may be briefly summarized as follows. In August Eichornia speciosa flowered round the fountain. Its peculiar inflated leaf-stalks have long been a feature there, but this is the first time that its handsome mauve flowers have been seen. Throughout the same month the Chinese red variety of Amaran- thus produced fine patches of colour on the lower terrace.

476

September began with exceptionally heavy rain by which considerable havoc was wrought in the gardens, among other things interfering with the flowering of the large night-flowering Cereus (Cereus triangularis) which promised an unusual profusion of flowers.

In October the huge and unsightly flowers of Aristolochia Gigas attracted much attention and the beautiful Gordonia anomala produced its usual fine show of blossom.

November suffered from the early failure of the rains which practically ceased after the downpour of the 2nd week in September.

The feature of the New Gardens during December was the profuse and per- sistent flowering of a Bauhinia near the deer pen. The mysterious origin of the tree and its magnificent flowers at once arrest the interest. A tree of it was discovered between 20 and 30 years ago in the woods on Mount Davis from which it was introduced by its finder into the gardens of the Pokfulum Sanatorium and from there to the Botanic Gardens and to the Roman Catholic Cathedral at Can- ton.

No fruit has yet been observed on these trees; they are therefore probably not native here, but, so far, all efforts to identify them with any foreign species have failed.

In October the Superintendent took the opportunity offered by his journey to the north to pay a visit to Mr. W. H. WALLACE's beautiful garden at Amoy ; the information which that gentleman most kindly supplied as to the methods that have led to his remarkable success in certain branches of gardening should prove of much value.

OTHER GROUNDS.

Government House grounds.-These grounds were maintained as usual during the year.

Mountain Lodge grounds.-The terraces on the north, south and west sides of the house were turfed during the spring.

In the autumn extensive operations were commenced with a view to improv- ing the appearance of the valley below the house on the south-east. This valley had contained a vegetable garden drained by a straight central channel, and was unsightly from the windows of the house. The object was to restore to it the natural beauty that it must once have possessed. The bottom of the valley was cleared of rank growth, and evenly graded on both sides down to a stream follow- ing the base of the east slope. By the end of the year only the turfing and planting of shrubs and trees on the slopes remained to be done.

A foot path was also commenced through the natural thickets of Azalea and other shrubs that grow among the rocks on the west of the grounds.

The Colonial Cemetery.-The gardening operations in the Cemetery were taken over from the Public Works Department in December.

Grounds around the Government Offices.-These were also taken over from the Public Works Department in December.

Roadside plots.-There are 43 small plots of ground, laid out from time to time as rockeries or planted with ferns and shrubs, varying from a few square yards to an acre. These have been maintained during the year, and an additional rockery added at the junction of Peak and Robinson Roads.

Garden and Forest Nurseries.-Five nurseries are in use for gardening and forestry purposes outside the Botanic Gardens, viz., at Sookunpo and Kowloon for gardening and forestry, at North Point and Kang Hau for forestry alone, and at East Point for the cultivation of Bamboos. The lack of sufficient nursery accom- modation in connection with the Botanic Gardens and forthcoming gardening works in other parts of the town has necessitated the setting apart of some addi- tional ground between Garden Road and Albany Nullah for this purpose.

477

INTERCHANGE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

The chief donors of plants were as follows, the donations being from Hong- kong unless otherwise stated:-

Acclimatization Association, South

California.

BIRDWOOD, Lt.-Col.

BLAKE, H.E. Sir HENRY, G.C.M.G.

Lady.

Botanic Gardens, Aburi.

Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Adelaide.

Bangalore. Calcutta.

Ceylon. Durban.

Jamaica.

The donors of animals were :-

BOREHAM, C.-Musk Deer.

CHAPMAN, W. P.-Golden Phea-

sants.

RHODES, L.-Monkey.

Lagos. Saharanpur. Sierra Leone. Trinidad.

Conservator of Forests, Bengal.

GASCOIGNE, His Excellency Major-

General Sir William.

KOAZE, S.

MATHEW, Staff-Surgeon C. G. ROEBELIN, C. C., Bangkok.

State Gardens, Baroda.

SETH, Mrs. A.-Monkey. SHARP, Mrs. Monkey. TOMES, Mrs.-Cockatoo.

The chief recipients of plants and seeds were:-

Asile de la Sainte Enfance. ATKINSON, Dr. J. M.

BARTON, J.

BAYLY, Capt., H.M.S. "Talbot." BISHOP, F. E.

BLAKE, Lady.

Botanic Gardens, Calcutta.

Ceylon.

Kew.

Lagos.

FUNG WA CHUEN.

GOMPERTZ, H. H. J.

Government Civil Hospital.

HALIFAX, E. R.

Italian Convent.

LAI KAM-TAI, Kam Tin, New Ter-

ritory.

LI PAK.

London Missionary Society.

MAN TAK-KUN, Santin, New Terri-

tory.

MAN A-KWONG, Santin, New Terri-

tory.

Montgomery, Miss, Kung-chow,

Hainan.

NICHI, T., Tokio, Japan.

ROEBELEN, C. C., Bangkok. Tai-O Police Station.

TANG CHAN-SHAN, Lung Yuk-tua. TANG HI-SHAN,

TANG YUNG-PING,

Tsim Sha Tsui Police Station.

TUNG AH-CHUN, Kam-tin, New

Territory.

Tung Wa Hospital.

WILLIAMS, J., Brisbane.

HERBARIUM.

The incorporation of a large collection of specimens from the Province of Yunnan, presented some years ago by Dr. HENRY, was commenced. The chief recent additions have been collections presented by the Director of Kew from Yunnan, Staff Surgeon C. G. MATHEW, R.N., of H. M. S. "Eclipse" from Weihai- wei, Korea and Japan, and by Dr. BARCHET of Shanghai, from Ningpo; some collections made in the Autumn by the Superintendent at Shanghai, Tsingtau, Weihaiwei, Chefoo and Peking.

A considerable amount of time was expended in numbering the whole Her- barium so that any sheet can now be found by the Chinese Assistants on the quotation of the number from the indices of the standard Floras of Hongkong and China. The specimens can now moreover be replaced with little fear of mistake. A specimen put away in its wrong place is practically lost in a Herbarium of any size so that the importance of this arrangement when working with partially trained Chinese assistants is obvious.

478

Specimens of plants, fruits and woods have been received for determination from Peking, Shanghai, Canton, Hainan and other parts of China. Specimens of Aeginetia indica prepared with great care for the purpose of exhibiting their parasitism were submitted for examination by His Excellency Sir HENRY BLAKE on several occasions during the summer. In four cases the haustoria were attached to grass roots, in the fifth to the root of a shrub.

Thie chief constributors of local specimens for preservation in the Herbarium were His Excellency and Lady BLAKE and Colonel BIRDWOOD.

In appendix A will be found a list prepared by Mr. TUTCHER of the year's additions to the Hongkong Flora.

LIBRARY.

All the books in the Library were poisoned and varnished during the year. Press number were placed on the books and corresponding ones on the shelves to facilitate their proper replacing by the Chinese Assistants.

The following works were presented

Index Florae Sinensis, Hemsley, (part), presented by the Director, Royal

Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Hooker's Icones Plantarum, 1868-1885, ditto.

Kew Handbook of Coniferae, 2nd Edition, ditto.

Icones Florae Japonicue, (part), presented by the Imperial University of

Tokyo.

New Chinese Plants, Dunn, presented by the Author.

Hooker's Icones Plantarum, (current parts), presented by Bentham Trustees. Natal Plants, Medley Wood, (current parts), presented by the Author.

The Genus Eucalyptus, Maiden, presented by the Author.

List of Plants collected in Aizu, Hayata, presented by the Author.

Die Bot. Institute der Hamburg, Voigt, presented by the Author.

Synopsis of the Genus Lonicera, Rehder, presented by Prof. C. S. SArgent. Deutsch-englisches Forstwörterbuch, Philipp, presented by the Her M. Hass. Technical Reports from the Imperial Institute, presented by His Excellency

Sir HENRY BLAKE.

The Cultivation of Bamboos in Japan, Satow, presented by the Author. Important Philippine Woods, Ahern, presented by the Author.

Le Collezioni di G. E. Rumpf, Martelli, presented by the Author. Calalogues and Reports, presented by Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.

Periodicals were received from the following establishments :-

Agricultural Departments of Cape Colony, Hawaii, Hanoi, London, Manila, Straits Settlements. United States, University of California, Victoria, West Indies, and Western Australia.

Office of the Reporter upon Economie Products to the Government of India. Agri-horticultural Society of Madras.

Botanic Gardens at Agra, Brussels, Calcutta, Ceylon, Jamaica, Kew, Lagos, Mysore, Natal, Saharanpur, St. Lucia, Straits Settlements, and Trinidad. Government Cinchona Plantation in Bengal.

Forestry Reports were received from India relating to Baluchistan, Bengal, the Central Provinces, Coorg, Dehra Dun (Forest School), Hyderabad, Madras, Punjab and from Manila.

To the donors of such works as have not been separately acknowledged our best thanks are now due.

479

The following periodicals and other works have been purchased:—

Gardeners' Chronicle, Journal of Botany, Revue des Cultures Coloniales,

Botanisches Centralblatt, Botanical Magazine, Geographical Journal.

Nicholl, Tropical Agriculture.

Massee, Textbook of Plant Diseases.

Jackson, Glossary of Botanic Terms.

Diels, Flora von Central China.

Maximowicz, Diagn. Plant. Nov. Asiat. iii-vi.

Bretschneider, History of European Discovery in China.

FORESTRY.

The time has now arrived for the Colony to profit to the full extent by the foresight of the Government of a former generation.

In the late seventies tree planting was seriously undertaken and from the year 1882 to 1885 the annual expenditure of $12,000 was expressly sanctioned for afforestation, and from 200,000 to 300,000 young Pines were planted each year. As the island became more completely covered with plantations, the operatious and annual votes gradually diminished, until the present time, when the planting of a few thousand trees can be covered by a small portion of the tree planting vote of $3,450. As a result of this policy there are now nearly 5,000 acres of Pine upon the Island and the oldest plantations, now between 25 and 30 years old, are ready to fell and replant.

The Pine plantations are of very various ages and sizes and much time has been devoted during the year to a careful examination of them and subsequently to delineating them on maps and schedules (cf. Appendices B and C) so that a systematic working plan can be drawn up to ensure as far as possible an uniform annual outturn of timber. The surface of the island has been divided for this purpose into seven main divisions, and each of these into six to eight blocks containing from fifty to two or three hundred acres of l'ine plantation each. The primary object of this preliminary inspection of the plantations was to obtain statistics upon which to found a working plan for the future, but the results have a further interest as showing what return the Government have for their outlay of former years.

Forest Offences.-Considering the fewness of the Forest Guards-5 in all-or one to each 1,000 acres of plantation, the number of trees stolen is small, only 427 during the year, and taken together with the 50 offenders brought to justice and convicted, reflects much credit on these Officers. For the distribution of the offences, cf. Appendix D.

Fires.-Only one serious fire occurred among the Government plantations. This was to the West of Tytam Tuk and extended over about 4 acres destroying 860 Pine trees. It was only by the promptness and energy of the Police that the fire was prevented from spreading to a much greater extent in that thickly planted district.

Clearing.—An unusual amount of the tinie of the Forestry staff has been occupied in clearing the ground for Public Works.

Planting. The planting was unusually limited in extent owing to the partial failure of the pine seedling crop. (cf. Appendix F.)

Protection.The fire-barriers were cleaned throughout and extended to protect new plantations near the Taipo Road in the New Territory.

VISITORS.

Dr HANS HALLIER paid a short visit to Ilongkong during the summer as part of the programme of a scientific mission to the East upon which he had been sent by the Hamburg Botanische Institute. Every assistance was given to him in carrying out his undertaking and a large collection of plants made by him in the Island was prepared and despatched for him by the Department. The Con- volvulacea in the Colonial Herbarium, were very kindly revised by Dr. HALLIER, who is regarded as the chief authority on the Order.

480

Mr. H. B. MORSE, of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, one of the few botanists resident in China, visited the Herbarium.

Professor SARGENT of Harvard University spent some time in the Island in November and collected a large number of botanical specimens.

Mr. WILSON passed through on his way to Central and Western China where he is undertaking his second collecting journey for Messrs. VEITCH & Co. of Chelsea.

STREET TREES.

A complete Register of Street Trees was drawn up during the year showing the kind, size and position of each tree. It has already proved of much value

in the control of these trees.

The following is a short summary of its contents :-

Banyan (Ficus retusa),

Celtis sinensis,

Camphor (Cinnamomum Camphora),

Albizzia Lebbek,..

Other trees,

.1.170 trees.

248

181

102

310 11

Total,......2,011

An unusual large number of removals of such trees as can be transplanted, and destruction of others that will not bear moving, has been necessitated during the year to make room for the new Electric Tramway.

AGRICULTURE.

In February the crop of sugar-cane obtained from cuttings procured by the Government from the Straits Settlements and Honolulu was ready for cutting and distribution. 10,000 cuttings were offered to farmers in the New Territory without charge, and nine applicants were supplied with various quantities through the Police.

Mr. LI PAK's estate at Castle Peak. which takes the place of a Colonial Experimental Farm, produced 25 mow of these canes in 1901 besides 45 mow of Chinese varieties, and the percentages of sugar given below show the former to be a valuable improvement upon the canes hitherto grown in the Territory :-

:—

Honolulu,

Province Wellesley,

Chinese,

Weight of Cane. ....100 ...100 .100

Weight of Juice.

55.0

51.0

48.3

Weight of Sugar.

9.3

8.8

8.0

Some difficulties were encountered in bringing the sugar to a marketable condition; the prices obtained were not satisfactory and much below the best prices of Chinese sugar. As, however, the Castle Peak sugar from native canes was poorer in quality than that from foreign canes the fault was clearly in the manufacture and not in the new canes. The price in the local Chinese market is said to depend largely upon the reputation of the man who superintends the process of sugar-making, and an experienced man would probably be well worth his salary of $1.50 to $2.00 per diem.

The experiments in other vegetables and fruits have been energetically pur- sued by Mr. LI PAK during the year, and it is satisfactury to hear that the results, while of much value to the Colony, have not been unremunerative to the owner. The most suitable vegetables for market purposes have proved during the year to be Tomatoes, English Cabbage, Turnips, Globe Artichokes, and French Beans.

English potatoes should be profitable in land plentifully supplied with water.

These vegetables find a ready market because the introduction of better varieties and different cultivation has supplied a want that the old-fashioned methods could not meet. In the case of produce already grown in large quanti- ties in the Chinese nursery gardens and sold at very low prices, such as Chinese

481

Cabbage, Cauliflower, Chinese varieties of Turnip, Lettuce, Prickly Spinach, Leeks and Sweet Potatoes, there is no room for competition. As regards fruit, a quantity of Melons have been produced and have found a ready and profitable market in Hongkong. Guavas, Wampis and Papaws are too cheap to repay cultivation, but it is worth the consideration of capitalists whether the very cheapness of these and other fruits and also of some vegetables such as Green Peas does not offer oppor- tunities for a profitable tinning or preserving establishment in the Colony. A large amount of jams and tinned vegetables must be consumed annually in Hongkong and Manila and locally grown produce should easily compete with imported pre-

serves.

It is a matter for surprise that no l'ineapple canning factory has been set up hitherto in Hongkong, considering the large and increasing amount of this fruit produced here, and with the example of the success that has attended this industry in Singapore.

Pasture and fodder. The questions of cattle food has long been a difficult one and generally speaking the only cattle that are kept in the Colony are a few hundred cows at the English and Chinese Dairy Farms and those used for draught purposes in the Chinese villages.

In the English Dairy Farın Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) has been used with rice straw, and silo has been tried. The Chinese village cattle have to find their own food as a rule along the sides of paddy fields and, in the summer, on the hills. It is naturally a matter of much interest to ascertain whether natural pasture or some substitute can be found to maintain herds of bullocks in the Colony. With the object of investigating this subject several expeditions were undertaken during the year to Lantao (this under special instruction) and other localities where elevated plateaux offered the possibility of permanent pasture. Out of the 52 square miles of Lantao 6 attain an altitude of 800 feet or more. The greater part of this high land consists of rock-strewn slopes surrounding the various peaks and their connecting ridges. The valleys that ascend into this region are mostly rugged mountain gorges densely clothed with native scrub, but here and there the advantages of a few acres of level ground and abundant water are shewn by the presence of a small hamlet and a few paddy fields.

A small number of cattle from these upland farms are driven out daily on to the neighbouring hill sides where they can obtain some scanty food among the scattered tufts of coarse grass.

For purposes of grazing the greater part of the high lands is useless, the growth of grass being coarse and thin. This is fully recognised by the villagers who try to improve the vegetation by periodical burnings. These however give little benefit and the enquirer is everywhere referred to the Ngong-ping, or “high plain" as the only "green grass" in the island.

The Ngong-ping is a plateau near Lantao Peak, which has long been used as a cattle pasture and upon which 40 or 50 head of cattle are left untended during the summer. It is too dry during the winter for grazing purposes. It is situated 2 miles south-west of Tung Chung Police Station and 3 miles east of that of Ty 6. It is an undulating plateau of about 300 acres covered with smooth green turf. Its altitude is about 1,200 ft. It is surrounded by high peaks, the highest-Lantao Peak (3.065 ft.)—-being to the south-east, and beyond these the country falls rapidly on all sides. Numerous rivulets rise on the hill sides and, after winding across the plain, plunge into rocky gorges towards the north-west and south-west.

The turf is almost entirely composed of one kind of grass-Ischaemum aristatum var. barbatum. This grass is nowhere recorded as one of economic importance, but closely allied species of the same genus are highly valued as fodder grasses in India. Like them it produces a close and luxuriant growth of soft and nearly smooth leaves. The manner in which it is eaten by the Chinese cattle proves it to be an excellent pasture grass under suitable conditions.

Two necessary conditions are probably the prevalence of cloud and therefore of moisture, and the presence of flat ground. The rarity of this combination will explain the fact that though the grass occurs occasionally throughout Hongkong and the New Territory, there is no record of pasture similar to that on the Ngong- ping in any other part of this district.

482

RAINFALL.

Particulars of the rainfall registered in the Botanic Gardens will be found in Appendix E.

REVENUE.

A summary of the Revenue of the Department is given in Appendix G.

I have, &c.,

S. T. DUNN,

Superintendent,

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT.

Appendix A.

ADDITIONS TO THE HONGKONG FLORA.

Melodorum Oldhami, Hemsley.-Rather common in a ravine on the southern slope of Mt. Parker, flowering in March. First found by OLDHAM in Formosa, but not previously recorded from elsewhere.

Limacia sagittata, Oliver.-Collected in a shady ravine on the south of Mt. Parker in April and afterwards to the south of Slicko Gap. The species was described from specimens collected by Dr. A. HENRY at Ichang, but had not until now been found anywhere else. There is a single leaf in the Hongkong Her- barium with a label bearing the above name in Dr. HENRY'S handwriting, but Mr. FORD has queried the accuracy of the determination. The leaf is certainly different in shape from those on the plants collected by me, which are identical with the Ichang specimens.

Prunus japonica, Thunb.-Collected on the northern slope of Mt. Victoria near the Peak Rd., flowering in February. Found also by Col. BIRDWOOD in the New Territory. A native of various parts of China and Japan.

Kalancha laciniata, DC.--Found under cultivation in a Chinese garden at Sookunpo. Only previously collected in China by AnNDERSON in Yunnan, although figured in BRAAM's Icones Plantarum sponte China nascentium, published in 1821. According to BRETSCHNEIDER, BRAAM caine to China in 1758 and resided at Macao and Canton till 1773, when he returned to Holland. He came back to Canton some years later and accompanied the Dutch embassy to Peking in 1794. It would be interesting to know whether this species is really wild in the neighbour- hood of Canton or Macao. It is not likely to be found near Peking as it is a native of India, Java and Tropical Africa.

Apium leptophyllum, F. Muell.-Collected on roadsides in June. The first record for China.

Uncaria hispida, Haviland.-Two plants only, growing in a ravine south of Sheko Gap. Previously collected in Lantao but not recorded elsewhere from China.

Ardisia pusilla, A. DC.-Common in a deep ravine on the south side of Mt. Parker. Previously collected by Dr. B. C. HENRY near Lungmun, 100 miles east of Canton. A native of Japan.

Hygrophylla salicifolia var. assurgens, C. B. Clarke.-lu a swamp at Soo-

kunpo.

Herniaria hirsuta, Linn.-Collected by Col. BIRDWOOD in September. The first representative of the Order, Illecebraceae, found in Hongkong. A native of Europe.

Machilus macrophylla, Hemsley.-This magnificent species with leaves 9 to 10 inches long was found in a ravine on the southern slope of Mt. Parker where it was represented by several trees 20 feet high and many smaller specimens, flower- ing in March. Only previously recorded in Hupeh and Szechuen.

Asplenium rutafolium, Kunze.-Plentiful in a shady ravine on the south of Mt. Parker. The first record for the island.

483

Gymnogramme decurrens. Hook.-A crested variety was found in some quantity on Mt. Parker, and living specimens secured for the Gardens.

Aspidium basipinnatum, Baker.-Collected by Staff-Surgeon G. C. MATHEW, R.N., of H. M. S. "Eclipse," growing on the ledges of rocks on Mt. Nicholson. most interesting find as the species had only once been found before, viz., on the West River by Mr. FORD.

Polypodium difforme, Bl.-Found in a deep ravine on Mt. Parker by the same collector. The only previous record from China is Dr. A. HENRY'S from Hupeb.

Selaginella uncinata, Spring.-I cannot find that this plant has been record- ed for Hongkong although it is common on Mt. Victoria and Mt. Gough and to a less extent on Mt. Parker.

In addition to the above, over a dozen at present undetermined species have been found during the year in various parts of the island including two species of Camellia, a species of Zanthoxylum and probably a species of Chisocheton on Mt. Parker; a species of Cleidion, and a very interesting species of Alsophila, with simply pinnate fronds, in ravines south of Sheko Gap; also a very fine Oak, with leaves 10 inches long, on Mt. Nicholson. Much has been done in the past but this will give some idea of the work yet to be done in the island before our knowledge of its flora can be said to be complete.

W. J. TUTCHER.

Appendix B.

No.

FOREST DIVISION.

AGE CLASSES.

TOTAL.

5. Acres.

Victoria,

330

180 570

Wongneichung,

210

180

150

660

Shaukiwan,

360 160

100

680

4. Tytam,

120

330

150

655

5. Stanley,

140

430

110

760

6. Aberdeen,

270 280

170

790

7. Pokfulam,

170

370 240

50 830

Total,

| 1,200 || 1,780 1,180

720 4.945

S. T. DUNN, Superintendent,

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT.

Appendix C.

APPROXIMATE AREA OF PLANTATIONS, 1903.

No.

FOREST DIVISION.

BLOCK.

TOTAL.

B C D E F G

H Acres.

1 2 3 4

Victoria, ... Wongneichung, Shaukiwan, Tytam, 5❘ Stanley,

•

90 80 60 70 90 80100 140 120 80 80 80 70 90

70 140 100 60 140 170 100 130 1101230100; 120 130 90 160 150 110

...

570

660

680

745

760

Aberdeen,

7! Pokfulani,

190 170 80 90 140 100 200 140 220 140 110 130 270

770

1,210

Total,

910 910 740|830|810 | 660 460 75|5,395

S. T DUNN, Superintendent,

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT.

484

Appendix D.

TREES STOLEN, 1903.

No.

FOREST DIVISION.

BLOCK.

A B

CD E F

Victoria,

Wongneichung,

TOTAL.

G Acres.

30 00

106

Shaukiwan,

Tytam,

5 Stanley,

Aberdeen, 7 Pokfulam,

55 40 2

Total,

167 65 48 27 80

427

S. T. DUNN, Superintendent,

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT.

Appendix E.

RAINFALL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT THE BOTANIC GARDENS DURING

1903. (ABOUT 300 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL.)

Date.

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June July. Augt. Sept. Oct. Nov,

Dec.

.07

10,

.26

11,

12,

.87

.02

.17

13,

.02

14,

.03

15,

16,

.02

17,

18.

.07

19,

.02

.06

20,

.04

21,

22,

23,

24,

.01

25,

.08

26,

27,

.07

28,

29,

.01

30,

1.08

377:;;;

.09 .03

.14

.01

.04

.01

.04

.09

: :

.20

: : : : : :

3|ཙང།:::32:::722=ཛྱ :::ཌ༐ ིི ; : : : : :

.02 .84

.11 .03 1.45

.18

.29

.35

.29 2.25

.13

.38

.51

.27

.02

.57

.09 .06

.19

.39

2.70

1.27

1.44

.10 2.22

.04

.03

1.28 .28

3.54

.52

.26 .61

1.93

.05

.28

.47

.19

.14

1.17

.02

.13

3.15

2.92

.03

1.34

.06

.15 1.09

.74

.06

.01 .01

.63

.03

.92 1.79 .24 1.64

.22

1.03

.75

3.58 .88 3.39 1.11

.77

3.72

.51 .75 .33

.02

1.15

.58

.75

.02 .08 .22

.52

.34

.03

.38

1.85

.34

.02

.35 2.39

.16

.07 1.39

.02

.08

1.04 .02

.03

3.83

11.85 1.02

.52

.88

.65 .03

.44

.02 .03

31,

Total,

1.61

.24 2.45 4.96 14.09 24.78 12.77 9.81 21.95 1.71 1.31

.03

Total inches for the Year=95.71. Observation made at 10 A.M.

S. T. Dunn, Superintendent,

BOTANICAL AND AFFOREstation DepARTMNNT.

485

Appendix F.

TREES PLANTED IN 1903.

January,

February, March,

....

Date.

Place.

Jubilee Road.

Mount Davis.

Taipo Road.

Jubilee Road. Aberdeen.

April,.

•

Tree.

Pine.

Number.

2,621

914

4,742

4,667

Camphor.

911

322

231

Yaumati.

155

Jubilee Road.

Eucalyptus.

316

Taipo Road.

Tristania.

983

Camphor.

177

Yaumati.

Total,.....

16,099

S. S. DUNN,

Superintendent,

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT.

Sale of plants,..

Appendix G.

RFVENUE FOR 1903.

Sale of forestry products,....................................... Loan of plants,

$1,055.06

990.52

266.00

Total,....

$2,311.58

S. T. DUNN,

Superintendent,

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON A CATTLE DISEASE IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG. (In continuation of Sessional Paper No. 40 of 1903).

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

GOVERNMENT PUBLIC MORTUARY,

HONGKONG, 5th September, 1904.

SIR, We have the honour to submit, for the information of His Excellency the Governor, a report in continuation of our preliminary report on Cattle Disease in the Colony of Hongkong dated 31st October, 1903.

Up to date, several further outbreaks of cattle disease have occurred, not only amongst native bred animals, but also in European cows.

Our attention was particularly directed to the occurrence of sickness amongst these European animals, in order to determine the exact nature of the disease, and the points of similarity or dissimilarity in its Etiology, with the condition of Hæmorrhagic Septicemia, so prevalent in Chinese bullocks.

The following is a short resumé of the outbreaks of cattle disease since the date of publication of our preliminary report.

I. OUTBREAK IN KENNEDY'S DAIRY.

Towards the end of November, 1903, from information received as to the existence of sickness amongst the herd of cattle in this dairy, one of us--the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon--visited the place and made a thorough inspection. The herd was composed of European cattle, either imported from Australia, or reared in the Colony.

There were 55 cattle in all. On the first visit to the Dairy, it was found that several of the animals had already succumbed to some form of disease. Many others were sick, but beyond a decided elevation of temperature varying from 103° F. to 105.5° F. little of a definite nature could be ascertained by clinical inspection.

The outbreak was at first confined to one part of the Dairy only. The neces- sary Sanitary Restrictions were made in order to prevent the spread of the disease.

Notwithstanding these endeavours, however, healthy cows belonging to adjoin- ing sheds of the Dairy fell sick, presenting clinical appearances identical with those primarily infected.

Ultimately over 90% of the cows became ill, and it was decided on preventive grounds to slaughter the whole herd. Bacteriological investigations on the lines indicated in our preliminary report were made.

This disease proved to be the same form of Hæmorrhagic Septicemia as already investigated.

II.—OUTBREAK IN KENNEDY TOWN CATTLE DEPOT.

During the month of February, 1904, a recrudescence of cattle disease occurred amongst the cattle housed in this Depôt.

The outbreak was not extensive. It was of the same nature as that described in our preliminary report, requiring therefore no further comment.

III. OUTBREAK IN LANTAO ISLAND, ETC.

In March, 1904, an outbreak of disease occurred amongst the herds of cattle on the neighbouring islands of Hongkong. These islands were visited by the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon. The extent and probable nature of the disease has already been reported. The disease appeared to be similar to that found in Hongkong, namely one of the forms of Hæmorrhagic Septicemia. Under the circumstances, however, a careful bacteriological examination was impossible. The total number of cattle affected during this outbreak is indefinite. Probably several hundred animals succumbed during the Epizootic.

638

•

IV.—OUTBREAK OF DISEASE IN THE CATTLE Depôt, KennEDY TOWN.

During the month of April, 1904, another outbreak of Hæmorrhagic Septicemia occurred in this Depôt. The outbreak was not extensive. The symptoms presented by the animals were identical with those described in our preliminary report, namely, an initial and persistent elevation of temperature, with subsequent characteristic diarrhoea.

Such post-mortem examinations as were made, showed nothing beyond what was repeatedly found by us in animals dead from such an Epizootic.

During the course of the outbreak an opportunity presented itself to ascertain whether the serum which the Manila Authorities have found efficacious as a pre- ventive of Rinderpest had any effect on the disease with which we had to deal. Mr. APCAR, a large exporter of cattle from Hongkong to the Philippines, brought back with him to Hongkong from the Serum Laboratories in Manila a large quantity of Anti-Rinderpest serum which had been prepared there. He was kind enough to hand this serum over to us for experimental purposes.

We made extensive use of the serum in doses varying from very large to very small amounts. The animals upon which it was tried were aged from under one year to old working oxen. Neither age of animal nor size of those had any effect and no reaction of any kind was obtained; the inoculated and un-inoculated died with equal facility.

"Virulent blood" and serum were also tried according to the "simultaneous method." The results, however, were of a most unsatisfactory nature. No method of inoculation appeared to have a beneficial action on the course of the disease. From our results, it would appear that cattle suffering from Hæmorrhagic Septicemia, -and this disease is symptomatically very closely allied to Rinderpest-are not benefited by the methods at present so strongly advocated for Rinderpest.

It is intended, however, to continue these experiments, in order to be able at some future date, to pronounce a definite opinion as to the true value of these fashionable lines of treatment. During the course of this Epizootic, one of the animals in the Depôt died suddenly. The bullock was to all appearance perfectly healthy. The temperature was normal on the date of its admittance to the cattle Depôt. Following the usual course in such cases blood films were prepared and fixed by heat. The carcase was forthwith cremated.

The carcase was forthwith cremated. Several hours later the blood films were stained. A surprising result was obtained. The films literally teemed with one of the forms of Trypanosoma. Further details in regard to this result will be given under a separate heading.

V. OUTBREAK No. 2 IN KENNEDY'S DAIRY.

During the past three months a disease of an indefinite nature occurred amongst the cattle in this Dairy.

The cattle in this establishment are of European extraction either born in Australia or bred in this Colony. The type of the disease was not acute and the mortality amongst the animals affected was practically nil.

A careful clinical inspection and observation of the affected cattle led us to conclude that in this outbreak we were dealing with a disease entirely different from Hæmorrhagic Septicemia. It was widespread amongst the animals.

The symptoms exhibited were briefly as follows:-

The temperature in the forenoon was normal and rose in the afternoon to 103.5° or 105°. In one or two cases a temperature of 107° was reached. Notwith- standing the high temperature no symptoms of disease beyond an accellerated pulse and respiration could be observed. The appetite remained good and in the earlier part of the disease the yield of milk was unaffected. As the disease progressed the animals lost flesh but in no case was there anything approaching emaciation. The yield of milk became less, and curiously enough with the morning low normal temperature the yield of milk was well maintained but the evening's milk was very sensibly diminished, e., during the elevation of temperature.

639

The milk from affected cows was withdrawn from distribution although no alteration in quality could be observed. This action, taken by the management on their own initiative and maintained by them throughout, is eminently worthy of commendation since the gain to their clients meant a very serious loss to them and it is an open question whether the milk in such a disease would be injurious to the health of the human beings consuming it, but be that as it may, the public were given the benefit of the doubt.

From the symptoms it was concluded that the disease must be of a malarial type and accordingly quinine was given in the usual doses recommended by text books. This was found to have no effect.

Phenacetin and other antipyretics were also tried, but no effect was produced, about this time the true character of the disease was ascertained and it was decided to try the effects of larger doses of quinine. Accordingly doses up to 2 ounces per day were given, and an improvement began to be noticeable. Ultimately all the animals recovered perfectly except one; this animal, however, did not die of the dis- ease but of an intercurrent attack of pneumonia. There have been one or two relapses since, but so far only one or two animals were affected. Their condition never became serious, and the former heroic doses of quinine have not been resorted

to.

As is usual in all cases of cattle sickness, blood films were prepared according to the common technique. These were fixed sometimes by alcohol or stained without previous fixation. The tinctorial methods used were the following :-- Methylene blue and eosin, fuchsin, polychrom methylene blue, and Leishman's modification of Romanowsky's method. A superficial microscopic examination of the films showed practically nothing.

There could be no question of a micro-oraganism like that found in Hæmor- rhagic Septicemia or of pronounced Trypanosomiasis. On careful examination, however, our attention became directed to the presence in many of the red blood corpuscles of small faintly coloured bodies resembling at first sight the plasmodia of malaria. Repeated examination of the films, and the daily preparation of other films has convinced us that these small bodies lying in the red blood corpuscles are nothing less than a Pyroplasma.

Further details in regard to our investigations of this blood parasite and its significance will be given under a subsequent heading. As has already been men- tioned during the course of our recent investigations into different outbreaks of cattle disease, two entirely new pathogenic agents have been discovered in the tissues of cattle housed in the Colony, namely, the Trypanosoma and the Pyro- plasma. The finding of these two blood parasites is of great moment and immensely complicates the routine research into the Etiology and treatment of a disease like Septicæmia. Not only so, but according to other investigators in the Southern States of America, Jamaica and Manila, these parasites constitute two of the greatest foes in cattle raising industry.

The following is a resumé of our researches into these parasites up to the date of writing.

The Trypanosoma. So far only one animal has been found suffering from Trypanosomiasis. As already mentioned, this animal was discovered to be infected with this parasite during an outbreak of cattle disease in the Kennedy Town Cattle Depôt in April, 1904.

At no time did this animal present any evidence of sickness. Its temperature was taken immediately on its admission to the Depôt and, being found normal, the animal was housed in one of the sheds containing healthy bullocks.

A few days later, however, the animal was found lying dead. No post-mor- tem examination was made, but, in order to assist in arriving at a diagnosis as to the cause of death, blood films were made from the ear.

These were stained according to the usual methods and Trypanosomata were found present in enormous numbers in each blood film. Huge masses of the parasite were found agglomerated together producing an appearance like that de- scribed by SIVORI and LECKER in American Surra. The individual parasites were large in size resembling those described by THEILER in the Cattle of South Africa.

640

Unfortunately the animal was cremated before microscopic examination showed the nature of the disease. No chance was given to prosecute the study of the malady any further. It has been found advisable to cremate animals as shortly after death as possible, as decomposition sets in very rapidly in this climate and it is highly inadvisable to have such carcases in the vicinity of cattle depôts and a slaughter- house.

Had it not been for the systematic microscopic examination of the blood of all cattle found dead in the Depôt, this important result would undoubtedly have been missed. Should time permit in the future, it is our intention to undertake a more or less systematic examination of the blood of the live cattle in the different Depôts of the Colony and determine as far as possible the extent of possible Trypanosomi- asis existent. Judging from the results of other investigators, especially of those working in Manila, the most satisfactory conclusions will be obtained by the use of experimental methods. The employment of European bred cattle and of ordinary Laboratory animals for experimental purposes will undoubtedly assist us in deter- mining the extent of such a disease amongst our herds in the Colony.

Guinea pigs, rats, mice, horses, etc., are said to be immune to cattle Trypanoso- miasis. Calves, according to THEILER, are very susceptible. At the same time this single case is, in our opinion, a sufficient guarantee of the existence of the disease in our midst and the experience of American workers in Manila to where hundreds of cattle are exported from Hongkong, adds considerable weight to our convictions. Like the result obtained in the Philippines, our conclusions will probably have to be gauged by animal experimentation. Cattle Trypanosomiasis is a disease which may be either acute or chronic. Different infections are apparently influenced by a varying virulence of the parasite. There would appear to be little doubt that occasionally the disease may run an epizootic course with a high mortality, whereas in other outbreaks the disease, may be more of a chronic nature, the animals becoming gradually emaciated with an intermittent temperature. The mortality in these chronic cases is low.

The facts bearing upon the variations in the acuteness of the disease are by no means well known. The scientific facts regarding Trypanosomatic and allied diseases are as yet few, rendering the expression of an opinion as to the significance of the disease a question of extreme difficulty; however, this much may be said that the presence of Trypanosomiasis in cattle in Hongkong is an additional factor of grave import in any attempt at making cattle breeding in the New Territory a lucrative industry. Since the commencement of our researches into cattle diseases in the Colony we have constantly borne in mind that probably in Chinese cattle Rinderpest represented not one disease but a group of diseases.

Indeed we have been able to find few instances of typical Rinderpest as classi- cally described in books. That such a disease exists in China there would appear to be no doubt, but that true Rinderpest is the commonest manifestation of sickness amongst the cattle in this Colony is by no means obvious.

In our preliminary report we distinguished true Rinderpest from a disease known as Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia. The latter would appear to represent a group of diseases much alike in etiology, symptomatology and pathology. Our observations in this respect have been amply confirmed by the workers in the Biological Laboratory in Manila where the same complex diseases are frequently encountered.

At the time of publication of our preliminary report we were inclined to think that, in all probability, this Hæmorrhagic Septicemia was the commonest cause of disease amongst cattle in Hongkong. It appears to be the factor at work in the production of these epizootic outbreaks which occur from time to time. Again, it appeared obvious that to deal with the disease effectively, some method of preven- tive inoculation would require to be prepared. During the past year a considerable literature has sprung up around the subject of Rinderpest and Hæmorrhagic Sep- ticæmia. The researches of South African and Philippine investigators have shown that during the course of immunisation of cattle against so-called Rinder- pest, other diseases asserted themselves, the cause of which appeared to be traceable to the results of inoculation of "virulent blood."

It has been generally found that the inoculation of "virulent blood" into native bred cattle is followed by mild reactions of a non-lethal nature. Similar

641

inoculations of "virulent blood" into European or American cattle, were frequent- ly followed by disastrous results. Many of these animals die, and on performing a necropsy none of the lesions characteristic of Rinderpest, or Hæmorrhagic Septi- cæmia were found. Again, obscure diseases have appeared amongst Australian cattle in the Philippine Islands. These cattle were said to have come from a perfectly healthy and excellent cattle breeding district. On their arrival in Manila disease asserted itself almost at once. It was then found that native bred Chinese cattle are naturally immune to those obscure diseases, whereas, as already mentioned, American or European bred cattle contract these diseases naturally.

The injection of blood from a Chinese bullock into an American or European ox would also appear to induce these diseases. All these points are of the greatest moment for cattle raising industry in this Colony.

Native cattleppear to be immune to these obscure diseases. Nothing can be found microscopically in their blood, yet the injection of such blood into foreign bred animals at once induces diseases in the latter.

These obscure diseases are, so far as our present knowledge carries us, two—- Trypanosomiasis, and, what has also been found in Hongkong, Pyroplasmosis, or so-called Texan Fever. This condition was first found by us in the cows belonging to Kennedy's Dairy Farm. Full details of the outbreak of sickness amongst these animals have already been given under a saparate heading in an earlier part of the report. The repeated microscopical examination of blood films prepared from the affected animals showed the presence in the red blood corpuscles of round oval or pear shaped bodies. They varied much in size, and in fresh preparations showed amoeboid movement, By careful and repeated examination of the blood, there would exist no doubt as to their nature. We were certainly dealing with a form

of Pyroplasma.

Time has not permitted us to go into details regarding the life history of such intra-corpuscular plasmodia, but with another favourable opportunity, attempts will be made, as far as possible, to study the developmental stages and mode of convey- ance of such parasites to the blood of cattle.

The experience of those working in Manila, is that true Texas Fever exists in the Philippine Islands and that a tick the intermediate host of the parasite of Aus- tralian Pyroplasmosis is present in these Islands (JOBLING & WOOLLEY). Ticks are common on the cattle housed in the various depôts in Hongkong: so far, however, our investigations in regard to these parasites are incomplete. Owing to the fact that two new diseases have been introduced into our research, it is proposed to investigate these thoroughly, previous to undertaking prophylactic and curative measures either against Rinderpest or Hæmorrhagic Septicemia. With the admix- ture of these diseases, factors of so great a disturbing nature would be introduced into our investigations that little or no hope could be held out for success along the lines of serum therapeutics. The condition of affairs has become much more complicated. Trypanosomiasis and Pyroplasmosis are diseases of signal import- ance in regard to successful cattle breeding.

Taking up the subject of Hæmorrhagic Septicemia at this point, there remains to be mentioned several interesting pathological conditions which have been found in this disease since the date of publication of our preliminary report. The lesions, which may be set up by the Bacillus Septicemia Hæmorrhagicæ are many. There is scarcely an organ or tissue of the body, which, in a typical example of the disease, does not show pronounced pathological changes. The majority of these are constant. Others, however, vary in degree according to the severity and duration of the disorder. Such a generalised condition of affairs in the affected animals one might expect. The disease is of an intensely or septicæmic or septicopyæmic nature. Many of the typical lesions found in the disease have already been dealt with in our previous report. In that report,. a full description of the condition of the majority of the internal organs was tabulated and described. It is therefore unnecessary for us to recapitulate, the pathology of the intestines, stomach, lymphatic glands, etc. We would, however, direct attention to the condition met with in the lungs. The pathological lesions found in these organs in this disease would appear to vary extremely. The viru- lence of the exciting agent, the duration of the disease, etc., are factors which appear to produce very variable morbid conditions of the lungs. In regard to this ques-

642

;

tion, we note the publication of a research into Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia in animals, by WOOLLEY of Manila. Our experience in Hongkong fits in closely with the results of this Pathologist.

In general, the lungs, if affected during the course of the disease, present lesions suggestive of Broncho-pneumonia with occasional abscess formation. Changes in the pleura are by no means constant, but small hæmorrhages into the membrane may be found. Occasionally the pleura is found thickened and covered with a fibrinous exudate. The thickening is usually the result of oedema: This dema is of a gelatinous nature and infiltrates the pleural and sub-pleural tissues as well as the surrounding mediastinal connective tissue.

The lungs only partially collapse; they are frequently emphysematous. In the majority of instances, these are practically all the changes found.

In others, however, areas of consolidated lung tissue may be felt. These are represented by nodules like those found in acute catarrhal pneumonia. Again, larger areas of consolidation may be met with giving the lungs the appearance of hepatized tissue similar to the condition found in acute fibrinous pneumonia. Section of these lungs gives the following appearances:-

The small areas of consolidation appear as soft frog-spawn like masses, like that found in typical Broncho-pneumonia.

The large areas are dark red or greyish in colour, producing often a marbled appearance. Similar to the condition found in red and grey hepatisation of acute fibrinous pneumonia. A still more advanced pathological condition may be found in these organs. Section of the lungs may show the presence of multiple abscesses. These vary much in size and shape and their contents are of a greenish yellow, gelatinous and puriform nature. Such a condition of lung would appear to be occasioned in chronic cases of the disease only. The abscesses are embedded in strong bands of connective tissue, producing an intensely fibrous condition of the lung. Such strands of fibrous tissue are usually soft, swollen and infiltrated with gelatinous cedema.

This condition at the height of its development produces a characteristic honey-combed appearance of the lung. The microscopic examination of the puriform material shows the presence of numerous bi-polar shaped bacteria which on further cultivation have proved to be the B. Septicæmiæ Hæmorrhagicæ. So far as our experience goes, changes in the skin are rare. BOLLINGER'S Exanthe- matic type of the disease has not been observed. Joint lesions are also rare.

In conclusion it may be as well to draw attention to the possibilities of the establishment of a cattle breeding industry in the Colony. At first sight the pro- secution of such an industry would appear to be an easy matter. Land area for this purpose is infinite, the question of sufficient pasture might be overcome. European cattle appear to thrive, under certain conditions, in some districts of the Colony, and such an industry is, from many points of view, important for a Colony like Hongkong.

However, before making up our minds as to the establishment of such an industry, questions of great importance must be faced. Questions regarding the possibility of a sudden decimation of large herds of cattle from so-called Rinderpest must, in the light of past experience, be carefully considered before such an under- takmg is decided upon.

In our preliminary report, we drew attention to the fact that in the disease known as Hæmorrhagic Septicemia one had to deal with a factor of no small significance, should such a project become an accomplished fact. In our present report one finds the condition of affairs in regard to disease more complicated than

ever.

Not only have we now to face so-called Rinderpest and Hæmorrhagic Septi- cæmia, but other obscure diseases, the effects of which, under certain circumstances- render the successful prosecution of a cattle breeding industry a hazardous under, taking.

643

In the Philippine Islands the question of a cattle industry was raised immedi- ately after the administration of those Islands by the American Government. The industry was commenced almost at once. Instead of proving an expected success, the scheme soon became beset with a complexity of difficulties. These, for the most part, resolved themselves into the occurrence of frequent widespread and sudden outbreaks of disease amongst the breeding herds occasioning great mortality and almost a failure of the industry. Since then the subject of cattle disease in Manila has been undergoing a searching investigation. The results of this research are becoming more and more complicated and have reached a point opposite our own experience, namely, that there exists in this part of the world a group of complex and obscure diseases hitherto grouped together under the heading "Rinderpest." The most significant diseases so far isolated are true Rinderpest, Hæmorrhagic Septicemia, Pyroplasmosis and Trypanosomiasis. Doubtless there exist a number

of others.

The symptoms and physical signs of these diseases are by no means always obvious and the mortality from them may be very great. Attempts have been made to import good stocks and to improve the grade of native bred animals so that material of a high order might be at disposal for slaughter, food and dairy purposes. So far the results of such attempts have not been favoured with the much desired

success.

In Hongkong the question must be looked at from the same point of view. In our opinion, it would be premature to speculate as to the result of commencing such an industry at present. Before doing so it would be as well to sift the question of cattle disease to the bottom. There can exist no doubt that the factor of disease is one of the greatest with which the industry will have to contend.

That cattle breeding in the Colony will become an established fact, in the future we see no reason to doubt, but before this end is attained much has yet to be accomplished along the lines of scientific research.

We have, &c.,

WILLIAM HUNTER.

ADAM GIBSON.

The Honourable

J. M. ATKINSON, M.B.,

Principal Civil Medical Officer.

HONGKONG.

No. 1904

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR TO INQUIRE INTO THE CAUSES OF CHINESE INFANTILE MORTALITY IN THE COLONY.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

1. The Committee have held many meetings and have inspected the French and Italian Convents where most of the infantile deaths under one month occur.

2. This question of the Chinese infantile mortality has been often before the Government, the earliest obtainable records dating as far back as 1886 when the Hon. A. P. MACEWEN raised the question in the Legislative Council. The outcome of this was a most elaborate report from the late Secretary to the Sanitary Board (Mr. HUGH MACCALLUM) dealing with the whole question and locating this very largely to the two Convents. He has further clearly shown that this large death- rate was due not to any intrinsic defects existing in these two institutions, but to the large numbers of moribund children dumped at the doors of these Convents. Again, from reports obtained from the late Colonial Surgeon, Dr. AYRES, as well as from Drs. GERLACH and HARTIGAN, who attended the two Convents, the bulk of deaths under one month were attributed to the disease known as Trismus nascen- tium. It was also proved in these papers that the percentage of deaths in these Convents of children over one year, was not greater than that occurring in similar Foundling Institutions in Europe. With these conclusions the tee generally agrees.

present Commit-

3. In 1896 the Medical Officer of Health, in his report to the Sanitary Board (C.S.O. 327 of 1896), discussed the infantile mortality in the Convents and chiefly the French Convent which has by far the largest admissions and deaths. He says that he has little fault to find with the sanitary condition of the institution, but attributes the large mortality to the condition of the infants themselves.

He further recommended the registration of "Chinese Midwives" and so called Chinese Doctors" practising in this Colony. The result of this report was a large volume of correspondence and an attempt to introduce a Bill for this purpose, but which being found unworkable, on the showing of the Attorney General at the time, was dropped. In this correspondence we have evidence that the chief causes of infantile deaths registered were Trismus and Convulsive diseases.

4. In 1901 (C.S.O. 1367 of 1901) the Annual Report of Medical Officer of Health for 1900, again brought up the whole question of Chinese infantile mortality and of the unreliability of the registration of births and deaths. This led to another volume of correspondence in which the Medical Officer of Health endeavoured to introduce a Bill to amend the Births and Deaths Registration Ordinance of 1896, giving him powers to order a post-mortem in every case where the death was not duly certified. Owing however to strong opposition from the Chinese this Bill was also dropped. The Medical Officer of Health further recommended that a small fee be paid to the midwives for every birth reported by them and in order to verify these the services of female visitors should be obtained to investigate the accuracy of these registrations, while the Committee of the Sanitary Board who were inquiring into the question, recommended that a fee of 50 cents be paid to either parent on the notification of the birth being made within one month.

5. In his report for 1902 the Medical Officer of Health says with regard to the infant death-rate being so high, that this means either that the Chinese infant death-rate is enormous or that a considerable number of births under one month remains unregistered, or perhaps that a number of infants are brought into the Colony from the mainland and die here. With regard to the latter part of this statement, these children were thought to be brought here for traffic to Singapore, and it called forth a letter from the Registrar General's Office dated 14th June, 1901, in C.S.O. 1895 on the subject, but on enquiry it was found that the officer who examines the women and children had always refused to allow women accom- panied by children evidently not their own to proceed South. In 1902 this officer from the Harbour Department reported that no suspicious case of this kind had come before him, so that this supposed traffic had evidently been stopped. Under

these circumstances this cannot be taken as a cause of the disproportion of the births and deaths. On this subject the Committee are of opinion that a very large number of births under one month remains unregistered, perhaps amounting to between one-third and half the total number. The chief cause of this non-registra- tion is the national training or ideas of the Chinese community, for it is well known that in China, registration of males alone is carried out in the Ancestral Temples and then only after they are one month old. This idea is practised in this Colony too and accounts for the disproportion between births and deaths which had been so repeatedly drawn attention to by the Medical Officer of Health in his various reports.

6. The returns supplied by the Acting Medical Officer of Health from July 1902, to June, 1903, (Enclosure A.) show that the greater number of infantile deaths under the heading of "Infantile Convulsive Diseases," occurs in the two Convents. Of the total 1,073 infantile deaths in the Colony of children under one year, we find 495 were from Tetanus, Trismus and Convulsions, i.e., 46.1 per cent. Of this latter figure (495) the French Convent supplies 370 or 74.7 per cent. In this Convent during the above period there were 1,392 admissions and 1,271 deaths equal to 91.3 per cent. of deaths to admissions; of these deaths we have 277 or 21.8 per cent. due to Trismus and Tetanus.

In the Italian Convent we have 341 admissions to 168 deaths, i.e., 49 per cent. ; of these deaths again we have 25 or 14.8 per cent. due to Trismus.

7. The returns given by the Government Bacteriologist of autopsies per- formed by him during the same period as above, namely July, 1902, to June, 1903, are important. (Enclosure B.) The most prominent point brought out by his return is that of all the autopsies performed by him 22 per cent. are on children under 2 weeks while 53 per cent. of the whole come from the two Convents with a preponderance of females over males of 65 per cent. to 35 per cent. respectively in these institutions. It is also significant that of all these autopsies, in no case has Dr. HUNTER, been able to find the Tetanus Bacillus even in deaths under two weeks. In these cases examination of the cord showed "hoards of micro-organisms but not the Bacillus tetani. The largest number of deaths, as revealed by Post-mortem are grouped by Dr. HUNTER under the title of "Marasmus"; this accounts for 205 cases out of 606 under 2 years, equal to 33 per cent.

8. Analysis of returns from the two Convents:-(Enclosure C.)

French Convent,

Italian Convent,

Admissions. ...1,392 341

Deaths. 1,271

Per cent.

91.3

168

49.0

Trismus and

Deaths.

Tetanus.

Per cent.

Causes--French Convent,

..1,271

277

21.8

Italian Convent,

162

14.8

Sexes-French Convent:--

Admissions—Males, ...{

under one month 207 or 15′ 6 one to 12 months 129 9. 3

per cent.

under one month 253

Females,

one to 12 months 355

18.18 21. 9

38. 4

48. 7

Deaths-Males, .........under one week 491

Females, ......under one week 620

9. From the above figures it will be seen that the percentage of deaths to admissions is much higher in the French than the Italian Convent. So also the pro- portion of Trismus cases is much higher, being 14.8 and 21.8 respectively. This is accounted for by the sources from which these Convents draw their cases. The French Convent draws largely from the lowest classes in Wanchai and out-lying districts, Kowloon, and the boat population, while the Italian Convent supply is mostly from the City of Victoria and a better class of the Chinese population.

10. The cycle of the rise and fall of admissions and deaths is almost identical in both Convents for the various months of the year. The rise begins in the month of April, continues rising steadily to its maximum in August, then declines to its minimum between January and March. The curve is therefore seasonal, rising and falling with the temperature.

11. Causes of the Chinese infantile mortality :-

(a.) Trismus.--This is the commonest cause of deaths of children under 2 weeks of age in the two Convents. The Sisters of the two Convents are very familiar with this disease and are always able to recognise the condition on admission of the child. The great bulk of these cases are in children who are left at the Convent door in a dying condition and often die within 24 hours to 3 days. The Lady Superioress of the Italian Convent informed us that no cases of Trismus recover. The Chinese themselves recognise the disease and call it "So Hau" or Lock Jaw(); they further look upon it as a hopeless. disease and as soon as it is recognised the infant is carried off to one or other of the Convents and dumped at the door or handed in to avoid the burial expenses and further trouble and especially as Chinese children under one month old are not recognised as such in their genealogical tree. The symptoms of this disease are as follows, from the 3rd to the 5th day after birth the infant gives up sucking and its cry becomes a muffled and feeble one. On the 6th or 7th day their jaws become clenched together and no food can be given by the mouth owing to rigidity of the masseters. Soon after this waves of convulsive spasms, with slight frothing at the mouth, pass over the child on any movement or touching. This passes on to general rigidity of the body, so that the child can almost be rolled about like a ball. Death soon follows these symptoms. Clinically therefore this disease among Chinese children is indistinguishable from Trismus which has so classically been described in the reports of the Rotunda Hospital where the disease once assumed epidemic proportions. Dr. HUNTER reports that bacteriologically he has been un- able to isolate the tetanus bacillus in these cases but as his post-mortems are probably all after the 8th or 9th day, it is possible that the growth of the "hoards of micro-organisms," may have attenuated and des- troyed the tetanus bacillus but only after it has done its damage. Far- ther it is possible that these tetanic convulsions may be produced by one or other of these "hoards of micro-organisms" themselves. This is a point which may yet have to be solved.

(b.) Marasmus.-Under this heading the largest number of post-mortem returns are made of children over 2 weeks. This disease heads Dr. HUNTER'S list with a total of 205 out of 606 post-mortems in children under two years, i.e., 33.8 per cent. Apart from hereditary conditions, the causes of this group of diseases are chiefly assignable to conditions of mal-nutrition and defective assimilation. These conditions may be traced a step farther and would have their origin in many causes. Want of cleanliness and over-crowding in Chinese dwellings are undoubtedly largely responsible for these. The crass ignorance and utter disregard of all hygienic principles among the lower classes of Chinese, the improper dieting of infants amounting to indirect starvation, and the system of "baby farming" as practised at the Convents, all contribute important factors in the Chinese infantile mortality. At the French Convent from a very early age the children are given out ostensibly to "wet nurses" or foster-mothers who are never medically examined. A number of these women are in the constant employ of the French Convent and over whom there is no proper supervision, many of these nurses do not give the children their milk, but instead rice which they have chewed themselves, and also rice cakes. Among the poorer classes children at birth are never even washed, but simply wiped with a coarse Chinese paper and dressed; often as not this paper and under-clothing has been lying on the floor prior to use. It is a very common sight to see children

•

only a few weeks old being given a mouthful of rice or any other food that the parents may be eating at the time. Thus the children get food which they are quite unable to digest and assimilate giving rise to a train of symptoms of a convulsive nature grouped under the generic term Marasmus.

(c.) Chest affections as Bronchitis, Broncho Pneumonia and Tubercular disease of the lungs as well as the bowels account for 148 post-mortems or 24.4 per cent.

(d.) Diarrhoea and other bowel affections are also prominent with 81 cases or 13.3 per cent. Improper dieting must account for most of these cases.

(e.) Convulsions at the teething period and arising from worms must account for many deaths. As soon as Chinese children can creep, they move about on hands and feet on the floors or streets and pick up earth on their fingers only to be applied to their mouths. This and the imperfectly cooked vegetables are fertile sources of worms. The Chinese recognise this class of convulsive disease under the name of "Kap King"

In considering this question of Chinese infantile mortality and in making up statistics, one important factor must be borne in mind, namely, that a large majority, possibly one-third to half of the children dying within one month, have not had their births registered, for as previously stated, Chinese children are not entered in the "family tree" until they are one month old. Similarly Chinese female child- ren are not entered in the ancestral temple. Before a Chinese child is one month old, it is not even considered as such and is not given a name. For these reasons the high death-rate is more apparent than real. The Medical Officer of Health in his report for 1902 gives the infantile death-rate at 796 per 1,000 after allowing for all deaths under one month as unregistered. We have shown above that there is still a very large number of births unregistered in the Colony, therefore the fig- ures given by the Medical Officer of Health must be considered as very much over the mark. Further if these figures are compared with the infantile death-rate in Calcutta given at 748.6 per 1,000 (vide C.S.O. 2331) it will be seen that our death-rate is not relatively as bad as is apparent at first sight.

12.

RECOMMENDATION AS TO PREVENTIVE MEASURES.

(1.) The Committee are unable to recommend many practical and im- mediate measures, inasmuch as from what has been shown through- out this report the first and greatest remedial measure is one which involves the better education of the Chinese, especially the lower classes, to convince them of the necessity of proper sanitary procedure both personal involving cleanliness, as well as in their own households. It has also been shown in this report that the bulk of the deaths occur from diseases which are distinctly traceable to want of cleanliness and ignorance of the fundamental principles involved in the rearing of infants. This state of affairs, therefore, can only be remedied by the better education of the Chinese through gener- ations. We may point out that, to a partial extent, the means of slightly remedying this mortality is available by the fact that the Chinese women may be admitted for their confinement into the Nethersole Hospital, but they are apparently unwilling to avail themselves of this, preferring to be delivered by their own untrained so-called midwives at their own houses. There are four beds in the maternity Hospital attached to the Government Civil Hospital, which are available for free Chinese cases if there are not paying patients in the ward. The addition of the new wing to the Nethersole Hospital will soon give the Chinese additional opportunities to avail themselves of the benefits of a Lying-in Hospital where a Lady Doctor will shortly be in charge. Another remedial measure would be the establishment of a free maternity charity whereby poor people could be attended in their own houses.

£1

(2.) In order to encourage the registration of births under one month old, the Committee recommend that a bonus of $2 be given to any mother, midwife or person present at the birth of any child and who shall register the same within one month. In order to carry out this recommendation, the Births and Deaths Registration Ordinance, No. 16 of 1896, Section 9 (a), will have to be altered to include this clause. In C. S. O. 1367 of 1901 the Medical Officer of Health recommended that a fee of 50 cents should be paid the midwives, but it was never carried into effect. This small sum, however, we consider inadequate to give sufficient inducement for the early registration within one month after birth. In order to verify the accuracy of the midwives' registration, we recommend the employment of female visitors, either Portuguese or Chinese, who shall visit each case for this purpose. On the registration being verified, then the bonus of $2 shall be handed to the person reporting. It seems more likely that the fee of $2 will be an inducement than the paltry sum of 50 cents.

(3.) The Convents should be required to register at the Registrar General's Office every admission that occurs in their respective institu- tions, together with the death certificate when such occurs of each individual case.

(4.) As the children from the Convents are at a very early age housed out to foster mothers, these mothers should also be registered either at the Convent or at the Registrar General's Office. Further these foster mothers should be medically examined before they are accept- ed by the Convents; at present this is not done.

(5.) That every Police Station should keep a register of births and deaths in order that the midwives may not have to travel long distances to register the births. At present this register is only kept in certain stations. The bonus of $2 may be given by the officer in charge of these stations, to the person registering such birth after verification of the same.

Hongkong, 30th November, 1903.

J. M. ATKINSON.

HO KAI.

G. P. JORDAN.

W. W. PEARSE.

G. M. HARSTON.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

Enclrsure A.

TETANUS, TRISMUS AND CONVULSIONS.

Deaths from "Infantile Convulsive Diseases," July, 1902, to June, 1903.

la Ste. Enfance.

Italian Convent.

Asile de

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June,

30 1 2 10ONN CO TH SO ON

495

370

401

Of 495 deaths from Infantile Convulsive Diseases, 401 were registered as occur- ing at the Convents and of these 370 at the French Convent; 94 only occurred elsewhere

Total deaths under 1 year, July, 1902, to June, 1903-1,073.

Total under 1 month=485

Total over 1 month and under 12 months = 588.

Enclosure B.

GOVERNMENT PUBLIC MORTUary,

Hongkong, 31st August, 1903.

SIR,-I have the honour, as a Member of the Committee appointed by His Excellency the Governor to enquire into the great infantile mortality in Hongkong, to submit my report.

2. A considerable number of post mortems on infants and children are held by me annually. In fact about 22 per cent. of the total number of autopsies held at the Government Public Mortuary are on children under 2

years of

age.

3. Over 53 per cent. of the necropsies held are on the bodies of children sent from the French and Italian Convents.

4. The remainder are in the majority of cases found in the streets, foreshores or water in and around Hongkong. These account for about 45 per cent. of the total number of cases.

5. In regard to sex, there is little difference so far as the total number of cases examined is concerned. The males accounting for 42 per cent., the females for 58 per cent.

6. On the other hand the cases sent from the French and Italian Convents show a great preponderance of females over males-65 per cent. and 35 per cent. respectively.

7. The practice of dumping is carried out as frequently with male as with female children.

8. Of the 45 per cent. of bodies dumped or found in the streets, etc., only 4 per cent. are under 2 weeks of age, while 96 per cent. are over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age.

9. Children under 2 weeks of age only account for 22 per cent. of the total number of autopsies.

10. Children over 2 weeks of age and under 2 years of age account for 78 per cent. of the number of post-mortem examinations.

11. With Convent children there is little difference in regard to age. The largest number is over 2 weeks of age.

12. The largest number of deaths is grouped under the arbitrary title of "Marasmus"-a term employed to include a gradual and premature degeneration of the tissues, excited by a host of different agents. It is a term used to include the conditions met with in prematurely born infants about the 26-31 week, in children of full term with profuse hæmorrhage soon after birth, in congenital syphilis, after the acute specific infectious diseases, and possibly after Sclerma neonatorum. During the infant's further existence, it frequently asserts itself through defective nourishment or disturbances in intestinal assimilation.

The largest number of cases occurs after the age of 2 weeks.

In those occurring earlier, the root of the umbilical cord has been frequently examined. Hoards of mico-organisms are found. In no case has the B. tetani been isolated.

13. The other diseases most frequently met with are Broncho-pneumonia, Diarrhoea, Plague, Inanition and Tubercular Infections, and the lesions determining the diagnosis here occurred most frequently in children over 2 weeks of age.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

The Honourable

J. M. ATKINSON, M.B.,

Principal Civil Medical Officer,

&c., &c.,

&c.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

the

Total Number of Post-Mortems held on children under 2 years of age during year 1st July, 1902, to 30th June, 1903-

606.

Return of Causes of Death.

Marasmus,

205

Broncho-Pneumonia,

Diarrhoea,

•

Plague Septic,

Inanition,

Acute Tuberculosis,

Croupous Pneumonia,

Tubercular Br. Pneumonia,

Malaria,

Acute Bronchitis,

Pleurisy,

Small-pox,.

Atelectasis,

Plague-Bubonic,

Acute Endocarditis,

Exposure,

Acute Nephritis,

Acute Ulcerative Enteritis,..

Tabes Mesenterica,

Acute Congestion of Lung, Acute Pericarditis,

Rupture of Spleen,

Fracture of Skull,

Congenital Syphilis,

Enteric Fever,

NNNN

Plague-Pneumonic,

Number of Bodies too decomposed for examination :-86.

Number of Post-Mortems held on :--

Male Children,

253 or

42 per cent.

....

Female Children,...

353 or 58

per cent.

Number of Post-Mortems held on :--

Children under 2 weeks of age,

131 or

22 per cent.

Males,

52 or

40 per cent.

Females,

79 or

60 per cent.

Children over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age, ...475 or

78 per cent

Males,

201 or

42 per cent.

Females,

274 or 58 per cent.

Males, Females,

Number of Post-Mortems hell on Children

sent from the French and

Italian Convents:-

113 or

35 per cent. 206 or 65 per cent.

Total

319

...

Of the Total Number of Post-Mortems held, those performed on Children sent from the Convents comprise 53 per cent. of the total number.

Post-Mortems on Convent Children :-

Under 2 weeks of age,

Males,

Females,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,.

Males,

Females,

122

197

132

༨.

Post-Mortems held on Children

found or dumped in streets, foreshores, water, etc.”:--

Under 2 weeks,.

Males,

Females,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

.268

...

Males,

141

Females,

127

Total,...

....280

Decomposed Bodies of Children

Under 2 weeks of age,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Under 2 weeks of age,

Marasmus in Children :-

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

....

134

Broncho-Pneumonia in Children :---

Under 2 weeks of age,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Diarrhoea in Children :-

Under 2 weeks of age,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Inanition in Children :-

Under 2 weeks of age,

Male,

Females,

Males,

Females,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Croupous Pneumonia in Children :-

Under 2 weeks of age,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Acute Bronchitis in Children :

Under 2 weeks of age,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Plague Septicaemia in Children :-

Under 2 weeks of age,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Acute Tuberculosis in Children :-

Under 2 weeks of age,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Under 2 weeks of age,

....

Tubercular Br. Pneumonia in Children :-

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

Malaria in Children :-

Under 2 weeks of age,

Over 2 weeks and under 2 years of age,

The remaining cases have not been classified owing to their number.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

2 months,

M. 1 year,

+ M. 8 days,

Italian Convent,

JULY, 1902.

Found, Kun Chung,

Kokwawan,

Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Do..

Do.,

Fd. Shing Wong Street,

Queen's Road West,

Italian Convent,

Fd. Tsin Iu Lane,

Shaukiwan Road,

Italian Convent,

7 F. 10

M. 1 month,

M. 1

21 days,

3 months,

12 F.

1 year,

15 days,

4 months,

15 F.

M. 1 month,

M. 2 months,

18 M. 2

19 F. 6

20 M. 2

21 F. 6 22 M.

13 days,

23 F. S

M. 2 months, F.3

26 M. 6

27 M. 1 day, 28 F. 6 months, 29 F. 4 30 M. 1

1 year,

31 F. 1

32 M. 6 months,

1 week,

1 year,

8 months.

Do.,

Fd. outside French Convent,

Des Voeux Road West, Bridges Street, Hill Road,

Italian Convent,

Do..

Fd. Causeway Bay, Italian Convent,

Fd. Causeway Bay,

| Italian Convent,

Fd. Wellington Barracks,

Des Voeux Road, Belchers Street, Praya, East,

Italian Convent, Fd. Canton Wharf,

Foreshore, Kowloon, French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Battery Street, Italian Convent, Fd. Kun Chung,

Station Street, Staunton Street, Hunghom,

33 M. 34 F. 35

36 M. 1 year,

F. 3 months,

M. 2

M. 1 year,

M. 4 months,

F. 4

M. 1 year,

F. 7 days,

F.2 months,

M. 1 month,

First Street.

Sutherland Street, Bridges Street, Foreshore, Kowloon,

Italian Convent.

Fd. Queen's Road Central.

Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed.

Do.

Croup. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Diarrhoea.

Do.

Decomposed. Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Decomposed. Marasmus. Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea,

Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Br. Pneumonia. Croup. Pneumonia. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus. Decomposed. Acute Bronchitis. Br. Pneumonia.

Do.

Exposure.

Diarrhoea.

Do.

Acute Nephritis. Decomposed.

Do. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Croup. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea. Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed.

Do. Diarrhoea. Plague, Septic. Decomposed. Diarrhoea. Plague, Septic. Marasmus.

AUGUST, 1902.

159 Wellington Street,

Italian Convent, Fd. Police Basin,

46 47

M. 2 months,

M. 10 days,

48 M. 1 year, 49

M. 4 months,

50 F. 6 51 M. 1 year,

52 M. 1

F. | 2 months, F. 14 years,

M. 6 days,

M. 1 year,

M. 8 months,

58 F.2

Third Street,

Temple Street,

Blackhead's Point, Jardine's Gate, Mongkok,

Italian Convent, Fd. Sham Shui Po,

Queen's Road East,

Italian Convent, Fd. Second Street,

Praya Reclamation, Yaumati,

M. 1 year,

F. 1

M. 1

62 F. 1

M. 6 months,

64 M. 7 days, 65 F. 28

F. 6 months,

Shaukiwan Road, Station Street, Belchers Street, Fuk Luk Lane,

Italian Convent,

Fd. Praya East,

Tuberc. Br. Pneumonia. Br. Pneumonia.

Decomposed. Rupture of Spleen. Decomposed.

Do.

Croup. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Diarrhoea. Decomposed. Diarrhoea. Marasmus. Decomposed.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

Ac. Ulcer. Enteritis. Decomposed.

Do. Decomposed. Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia.

AUGUST, 1902,—Continued.

67 F. 5 days, 68 F. 7

Italian Convent,

Do.,

M. 2 months,

Fd. Eastern Street,

Diarrhoea.

Do.

70 M. 1 year, 71 F. 1

F. 9 days,

73 M. 8

M. 1 year,

13 days,

76 F. 12

77 F. 6

French Convent,

גל

78 M. M.

Yee Wo Street,

Morrison Hill,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Staunton Street,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

Diarrhoea.

Do.

Do. Marasmus.

M. 1 year,

Fd. Kai Lun Lane,

80 F. 1

"">

81 F. 1

F. 1 day,

83 F.

4 days,

F. 8 months,

Do.,

Area Tai Ping Shan,

Des Voeux Road Central,

D'Aguilar Street,

Italian Convent,

Do.

Diarrhoea. Malaria.

Decomposed.

Do.

Diarrhoea.

Acute Tuberculosis.

85 F.

6 days,

French Convent,

86 F. 7

Do.,

M. 6

Do.,

F. 15

Do.,

Marasinus.

Do.

M. 50

Italian Convent,

3 months,

Do.,

91 F.

13 days,

4 months,

93 M. 6

F. 1 month,

F. 1 year,

F. 11 days,

French Convent,

97 F. 10

98 F. 1 year,

99 F. 1

100

M. 9 days,

Do.,

Fd. Shing Wong Street,

Tai Wong Street, Cement Works, East Point,

Do.,

Fd. Des Voeux Road,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Diarrhoea.

Exposure. Pleurisy.

Br. Pneumonia.

Pleurisy.

Decomposed.

Do. Marasmus. Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Diarrhoea.

Marasmus.

103 M. 10

10 days,

105 F. 106 M. 5

Do.,

SEPTEMBER, 1902.

Fd. Bonham Road,

101

4 months,

Italian Convent,

102

10 days,

French Convent,

104

6 months,

French Convent,

Do.,

Do..

6 months,

Fd. Des Voeux Road West,

Italian Convent,

Fd. Yaumati,

107 F. 12 108 F. 5 109 F. 10 110 F. 111 M. 4 112 M. 3 113

F. 10 days, 114 M. 1 year, M. 14 F. 7 days,

115

116

117 F. 5

118

M. 1 month, 119 F. 6 months,

F. 6

F. 6 days,

M. 6 months,

Fd. Canton Wharf,

in Harbour,

Italian Convent, French Convent,

Do., Fd. Naval Yard,

Hollywood Road,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Praya East,

opposite Gas Works, Queen's Road West, French Convent,

Do.,

120

121

122

M. 1 year,

123

M. 1

124

F. 1 month,

125 M. 1 year,

126

127

M. 1 year,

128

F. 1

129

M. 1

130

M. 20 days,

131

M. 14 years,

132

M. 10 days,

French Convent,

Fd. Eastern Street,

Tai Kok Tsui, Seymour Road, French Convent, Italian Convent,

Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Marasmus. Malaria.

Br. Pueumonia. Decomposed.

Do.

Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia.

Do. Diarrhoea. Decomposed.

Acute Bronchitis. Decomposed.

Acute Tuberculosis. Diarrhoea.

Croup. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Pleurisy.

Acute Tuberculosis. Diarrhoea.

Acute Tuberculosis. Br. Pneumonia. Croup. Pneumonia. Malaria.

Br. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Diarrhoea.

Acute Tuberculosis. Marasmus.

133

134 F. 6

SEPTEMBER 1902,-Continued.

6 months, Fd. Connaught Road,

135 F. 9

136 F. 19 days, 137 M. 7 138 F. 1 month, 139 M. 1 year, 140 M. 1

141 M. 9 days,

142 F. 10

143 M. 25 144 F. 5 145 F. 1 year, 146 F. 1

147 M. 1

148

F. 20 days,

149 M. 1 year,

F. 2 months,

150

Causeway Bay,

Po Yan Street,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Yaumati,

Second Street,

Foreshore Hunghom,

Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Do.,

Do..

Fd. Caine Road,

Hunghom Bay, Causeway Bay,

Italian Convent, Fd. Mong Kok,

Diarrhoea. Decomposed.

Gen. Tuberculosis. Marasmus. Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed.

Do. Marasmus.

Acute Bronchitis. Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do.

Morrison Hill,

Pleurisy.

151

F. 10 days, 152 F. 13 years, 153 M. 1 154 M. 14 155 F. 8 days,

156 M. 20 157 F. 10 158 F. 15 159 M. 25 160 M. 10 161 F. 9 162 F. 1 163 M. 1

OCTOBER, 1902.

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Kennedy Road, Chuk On Lane,

Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Do.,

Do..

Do.,

year,

164

F. 10 days, 165 F. 5

166 F. 1 year, 167 F. 1 years, 168 M. 4 days, 169 F. 37 170 F. 1 years, 171 M. 1 year, 172 M. 1 years, 173 M. 6 days, 174 M. 6 175 F. 1 year, 176

M. 9 days, 177 F. 6 178 M. 1 year, 179 F. 2 months, 180 F. 5

181 M. 15 mths., 182 F. 4 days, 183 F. 4 184 M. 1 year, 185 F. 7 months, 186 M. 1 year, 187 F. 1 188 F. 8 months, 189 M. 1 year,

190 F. 1

Italian Convent,

Fd. Kun Cheung,

Tsin In Lane,

French Convent,

Do., Do.,

Italian Convent,

Do.. Do.,

Fd. Station Street,

Blackhead's Point, First Street, Eastern Street, French Convent, Fd. Tung Man Lane, Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Nullah Lane,

Hill Road, Yaumati,

Do.,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Mat Tai Wai, Italian Convent, Fd. Hill Road,

Morrison Hill Road, Po Tan Street,

Des Voeux Road West,

French Convent,

191 M. 6 months, | Italian Convent,

192 F. 8

193 M. 3

194 F. 7 days, 195 F. 8 months, 196 F. 10 197 F. 4 198 F. 3

Fd. Queen's Road East, French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. 113 Queen's Road East,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Cement Works,

Acute Bronchitis. Tabes Mesenterica. Br. Pneumonia. Malaria. Diarrhoea. Marasmus. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Acute Follic. Enteritis. Br. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea. Decomposed. Malaria. Marasmus.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia. Malaria. Marasmus.

Croup. Pneumonia. Acute Endocarditis. Br. Pneumonia.

Do. Marasmus. Do. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do. Diarrhoea. Decomposed.

Tub. Br. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea.

Marasmus.

Do.

Acute Cong. of Lung. Malaria. Decomposed. Diarrhoea. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

Do. Marasmus.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

Marasmus.

Decomposed.

Mag

OCTOBER, 1902,-Continued.

199 F. 1 month, 200 M. 1 day, 201 M. 1 year, 202 F. 8 days, 203 F. 3 months, 204 F. 2

1 month,

205 M. 1 year, 206 M. 1 207 F. 208 F. 2 months, 209 F. 1 month, 210 M. 1 year, 211 F. 1 moths., 212 F. 1 month, 213 M. 1 year, 214 M. 3 weeks, 215 F. 1 week, 216 M. 1 month, 217 F. 4 months, 218 F. 1 year, 219

M. 6 months, 220 M. 2 weeks, 221 F. 10 moths., 222 M. 1 year,

Fd. Shaukiwan,

Second Street, Harbour,

Italian Convent, French Convent,

Do., Fd. Prava East,

Station Street,

Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Queen's Road West, Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Shing Wong Street, French Convent,

Do., Do.,

Do.,

Fd. Recreation Ground, Hospital Road, Italian Convent, French Convent, Fd. Hollywood Road,

Diarrhoea. Decomposed. Do.

Marasmus.

Do. Diarrhoea.

Acute Endocarditis. Acute Nephritis. Marasmus.

Do. Diarrhoea. Marasmus.

Diarrhoea.

Do.

Marasmus.

Decomposed.

Diarrhoea. Marasmus. Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Acute Pericarditis. Marasmus.

NOVEMBER, 1902.

223

6 months, | Italian Convent,

224 F. 225

12 days,

Do.,

6 months, Fd. Yaumati,

226 M. 1 month,

227

F. 3 mths.,

228 M. 1 year, 229 F. 1 month, 230 F. 6 weeks, 231 F. 1 year, 232 M. 3 months, 233 M. 8 days, 234 M. 3 months, 235 M. 1 year, 236 F. 7 months, 237 F. 7

238 F. 9

239 M. 4

676769

☺ ☺

240 F. 15 days,

241 F. 242

243 M.

244 F.

245 F. 9

246 F. 1 year,

247 F. 15 mths., 248 F. 1 year,

Chung Ching Street,

Italian Convent,

Fd. Belchers Street, French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Foreshore, Naval Yard,

Kan Loong Tong, Italian Convent, Fd. Morrison Hill,

Kowloon City Road, Italian Convent,

Do.. French Convent,

Do.,

Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Causeway Bay,

Do.,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

249

M. 1 month,

Fd. Whitty Street,

250

M. 1 year,

251

F. 1 year,

252

M. 3 months,

French Convent,

253

F. 3

Do.,

254

M. 1 year,

Italian Convent,

255

F. 1 year,

256

F. 3 months,

257 M. 2 258 M. 3

259

M. 1 year,

260

261

F. 1 year,

M. 4 years,

262 F. 6 months,

Do.,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Circular Path, Yaumati,

French Convent, Italian Convent,

Do.,

Acute Bronchitis. Br. Pneumonia.

Marasmus.

Diarrhoea.

Marasmus.

Diarrhoea.

Marasmus.

Do. Decomposed.

Do. Marasinus. Decomposed.

Do. Diarrhoea. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do.

Diarrhoea.

Tub, Br. Pneumonia.

Diarrhoea.

Marasmus. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Br. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea.

Marasmus. Cong. Syphilis. Malaria. Marasmus.

Do.

Decomposed.

Tub. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do.

263 F. 3 264 M. 6

Do.,

Do.

French Convent,

Malaria.

265 M. 2 months, 266 F. 1 year, 267 M. 6 months,

M. 1 year, M. 1

NOVEMBER 1902,-Continued.

French Convent,

Do..

Italian Convent,

Fd. Connaught Road West,

Hunghom, Gilman Street, Italian Convent, French Convent,

268 269 270 M. 271 F. 272 F. 8 months, 273 M. 3 weeks, 274 M. 3 months,

3 months,

2 weeks,

275 F. 1 week, 276 F. 1 year, 277 F. 1 month, 278 F. 1

Do., Do.,

Italian Convent,

Fd. Wing Lok Street,

French Convent,

Do.,

279 M.

9 days,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Marasmus.

Acute Tuberculosis. Marasmus.

Br. Pneumonia. Acute Tuberculosis. Marasmus.

Do.

Acute Tuberculosis. Marasmus.

Do.

Malaria.

Marasmus.

Do.

280 F. 11

281 F. 1 year, 282 M. 1 month, 283 F. 1 year, 284 M. 5 months, 285 F. 1 year, 286 M. 8 days, 287 M. 6 months, 288 M. 2 weeks, 289 F. 9 days, 290 M. 1 month, 291 F. 1 292 M. 1 year, 293 M. 3 months,

Do., French Convent, Fd. Mong Kok,

Holland Street, High Street, Italian Convent, French Convent, Italian Convent,

Do., Fd. Po Yan Street,

Shaukiwan Road, French Convent,

Do..

Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do.

Croup. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

Marasmus.

294 F. 3 months, 295 F. 1 month, 296 M. 1 year, 297. F. 1 298 F. 6 weeks, 299 M. 1 month, 300 F. 6 weeks, 301 M. 1 month, 302 M. 2 months, 303 F. 2 304 F. 1 week, 305 M. 2 months, 306 M. 1 month,

307

308

F. 2 weeks, F. 9 days,

309 M. 6

310 F. 1 year, 311 M. 1 month, 312 F. 2 weeks, 313 M. 1 month,

F. 1

DECEMBER, 1902.

Fd. Chung Ching Street,

Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Fd. Morrison Hill,

Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Queen's Road West, French Convent,

Do., Italian Convent, French Convent,

Do., Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. First Street,

Connaught Road,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Des Voeux Road,

F. 6 weeks, | Italian Convent,

F. 1 year,

314 315

316

317 M. 1

318

F. 6 months,

319

F. 20 days,

320

M. 1 year,

321

M. 3 months,

322 F. 10 323 F. 1 month, 324 M. 6 weeks,

325 M. 1 month,

326 M. 1 year, 327 M. 1

328 M. 6 months,

F.3

329

330

1 year,

Do.,

F. Stonecutters' Island, Fd. Bonham Road, Italian Convent,

Fd. in Harbour,

Robinson Road, Pokfulam Road,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Shing Wong Street,

Yaumati, Morrison Hill, Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Marasmus.

Acute Tuberculosis.

Diarrhoea.

Do. Marasmus.

Do.

Diarhoea.

Marasmus.

Diarhoea.

Marasmus.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

Marasmus.

Do.

Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia.

Decomposed. Diarrhoea. Marasmus. Decomposed. Diarrhoea.

Do. Marasmus. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do. Diarrhoea. Decomposed. Br. Pneumonia. Acute Tuberculosis.

➤

331

DECEMBER, 1902,-Continued.

1 month, | Fd. Kowloon,

F. 332 M. 1 333 M. 6 weeks, 334 M. 5 months, 335 M. 6

336 F. 1 year, 337 F. 2 weeks, 338 M. 7 days,

339 F. 2 weeks,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Shing Wong Street,

腚

Praya East,

Yaumati,

Italian Convent,

Marasmus.

Do.

Tabes Mesenterica.

Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do.

Diarrhoea.

Do.,

French Convent,

Marasmus.

1 month,

Do.,

Do.

Do.,

Inanition.

Italian Convent,

Do.

Do.,

340 F. 341 F. 2 months, 342 F. 16 days, 343 F. 1 years, 344 M. 1 year, 345 F. 1

346 F. 2 months, 347 M. 3 348 M. 9 days, 349 M. 1 month, 350 F. 6 months, 351 F. 2 days, 352 F. 3 months, 353 M. 1 year, 354 M. 1 355 F. 7 356 F. 3 357 F. 9

days,

358 F. 1 year,

Fd. Kowloon, French Convent,

Do., Do.,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. First Street, Italian Convent, French Convent, Fd. Praya East,

Connaught Road,

Italian Convent,

Do.,

Do..

Fd. Yaumati,

Pleurisy.

Malaria.

Acute Tuberculosis. Acute Bronchitis. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Acute Bronchitis.

Do. Marasmus.

Do.

Acute Bronchitis. Tub. Br. Pneumonia.

Marasmus.

Acute Bronchitis.

Marasmus.

Do.

JANUARY, 1903.

359

2 months,

M. 1 week, 360 F. 1 year, 361 M. 4 months, 362 F. 1 month, 363 F. 364 M. 8 days, 365 F. 1 year, 366 F. 2 months, 367 M. 1 month,

368 F. 6 weeks,

2 months,

F. 6

369 370 371 F.

372 F. 373 374

375

376

377

1 month, 8 months,

10 days,

6 weeks,

M. 5 months,

F.4

M.2

378 F. 6 weeks, 379 M. 1 month, 380 F. 1

Fd. Kennedy Road,

Stonecutters' Island, Kowloon,

French Convent,

Do.,

Italian Convent,

Fd. Queen's Road West, French Convent,

Do., Do.,

Fd. Hospital Road,

Wing Lok Lane, Italian Convent, French Convent, Italian Convent, French Convent,

Do..

Fd. Kowloon City,

Praya Reclamation,

French Convent,

Marasmus. Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do.

Small-pox.

Pleurisy.

Marasmus.

Inanition. Bronchitis.

Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus. Croup. Pneumonia. Marasmus. Br. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do.

Do.,

381 F. 2 months,

Do.,

382 F. 6 weeks,

Do.,

383 F. 6 months,

Do.,

384 M. 1 year, 385 F.

F. 1 month,

Do.,

Italian Convent,

386

387

F. 1 year, F. 1 years, 388 M. 3 months,

French Convent,

Inanition. Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia.

Do. Do.

Croup. Pneumonia.

Do.,

Do.

Diarrhoea.

389 F. 2 390 F. 8

Do.,

Marasmus.

Fd. Hok Un Kok,

Diarrhoea.

391 M. 2

Shaukiwan,

Br. Pneumonia.

Do..

392 M. 1 month,

French Convent,

M. 6 months, | Fd. Polo Ground,

393

394

F. 1 year,

396 F. 2 months,

395 F. 1

Stonecutters' Island,

French Convent,

Br. Pneumonia.

Diarrhoea.

Do.

Diarrhoea.

Marasmus.

3 months,

days,

397 M. 398 F. 1 month, 399 F. 14 mths., 400 F. 13 days, 401 F. 1 year, 402 F. 8 weeks, 403 M. 1 year, 404 M. 1 405 F. 3 406 F. 4 407 F. 1 year, 408 M. 1 409 F. 3 months, 410 M. 9 days, 411 F. 1 week, 412 M. 1 month, 413 F. 9 months,

M. 1 year, F. 8 months,

414 415

416 F. 5

417 F. 4

418 F. 3

419

JANUARY, 1903,-Continued.

French Convent, Italian Convent,

Do.. Fd. Hunghom,

Kowloon Road, French Convent, Fd. Polo Ground, Italian Convent,

Do., Do.,

Fd. Kowloon Road,

Wharf, Kowloon, Morrison Hill,

Italian Convent, French Convent, Fd. Bridges Street,

Stanley Road,

Marasmus.

Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus,

Abelectasis.

Acute Tuberculosis. Diarrhoea.

Decomposed.

Acute Endocarditis. Atelectasis.

Marasmus.

Br. Pneumonia.

Tub. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do. Inanition.

Fd. Reclamation Street North, Croup. Pneumonia.

French Convent,

Do.,

Italian Convent,

Do.

Decomposed.

Small-pox.

Br. Pneumonia.

Diarrhoea.

M. 5 days, 420 M. 6 421 F. 1 month, 422 F. 3 months, 423 M. 4 days, 424 F. 2 months, 425 F. 1 month, 426 F. 3 days, 427 F. 8 months, 428 F. 1 year, 429 F. 4 moths., 430 F. 6 days, 431 M. 1 year, 432 M. 1

433

F. 3 months,

Fd. Reclamation Street North, Marasmus.

Italian Convent,

French Convent,

Do.,

French Convent,

Do.,

Italian Convent, French Convent,

Fd. Stonecutters' Island, Italian Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Connaught Road,

Po Hing Fong, French Convent,

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

Marasmus.

Do.

Acute Tuberculosis.

Inanition.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do. Decomposed. Diarrhoea.

Croup. Pneumonia.

FEBRUARY, 1903.

2 Staveley Street,

Italian Convent, French Convent,

Do.,

434

F. 6 weeks, 435 M. 1 year, 436 F. 1

Fd. Aberdeen,

437 F. 1

438 M. 6 days,

439

440

F. 1 year,

441

2 months,

442

1 month,

F. 11 years,

Fd. Gilman Street,

Kowloon City Road, Italian Convent,

Marasmus.

Acute Cong. of Lungs. Tub. Br. Pneumonia.

Do.

Marasmus.

Tub. Br. Pneumonia. Br. Pueumonia. Marasmus.

Do.

443 F. 5 days,

3 days,

444 F. 445 F. 6

446 M. 7 447 F. 1 year, 448 F. 5 days,

Do.,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Hospital Road,

French Convent,

Inanition,

Marasmus.

Atelectasis.

Marasmus.

Br. Pneumonia.

Do.

449 M. 1 week,

Do.,

450 M. 3 months,

Do.,

451 M. 1 month,

Do.,

452 F. 6 days,

Do.,

453 F. 10

Do.,

454 F. 2 months, 455 M. 1 month, 456 F. 1 week, 457

2 months, 458 M. 1 month,

6 months,

Fd. Des Voeux Road, French Convent, Fd. Staunton Street, Italian Convent, Fd. Third Street,

459 460

461

1 year, 3 months,

462

10 days,

Station Street North, Albert Road,

Italian Convent,

Inanition.

Do.

Marasmus. Br. Pneumonia. Inanition.

Br. Pneumonia. Fracture of Skull. Marasmus.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia.

Do. Marasmus.

FEBRUARY, 1903,-Continued.

463

F. 6 months, Fd. Yaumati,

Diarrhoea.

464

F.6

Causeway Bay,

465

F.3

Italian Convent,

Decomposed. Pericarditis.

Do.,

Marasmus.

467 M. 1

Diarrhoea.

466 M. 12 days,

1 year, 468 M. 1 month, 469 M.1

1 year, 470 F. 1 week, 471 M. 3 months. 472 M. 1 year, 473 F. 2 weeks, 474 F. 1 year, 475 476 M. 477 F. 1 week, 478 F. 1 month,

1 month,

French Convent,

Fd. Bonham Road,

Po Hing Fong, French Convent,

Fd. Conduit Road West,

Circular Path, French Convent, Fd. Albert Road,

Italian Convent,

2 months,

French Convent,

Do.,

479 M. 6 days, 480 F. 1 year, 481 M. 1 month, 482 F. 1 year, 483 F. 6 months,

Do.,

Fd. Caroline Hill Road, Reclamation Street,

French Convent, Fd. Mong Kok Tsui,

Wyndham Street, Pokfulam Road, French Convent, Fd. Bonham Road.

484

M.3

485

F. 6

486

F.3

487

M. 6

488

M. 1 year,

489

F. 4 months,

490 F. 1 year,

Fd. Morrison Hill,

491

M. 1

French Convent,

Rifle Range, Kowloon,

Italian Convent,

Exposure.

Diarrhoea.

Marasmus.

Do.

Acute Tuberculosis. Br. Pneumonia. Small-pox.

Diarrhoea.

Tub. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do.

Enteric Fever. Marasmus.

Pleurisy. Marasmus. Plague, Septic. Br. Pneumonia.

Do. Marasinus. Diarrhoea.

Br. Pneumonia. Croup. Pneumonia. Acute Tuberculosis.

492

F. 2 years, 493 M. 4 months, 494 F. 1 month, 495 M. 1 week, 496 M. 6 days, 497 F. 5

French Convent,

Do., Italian Convent, French Convent,

Do..

Do.,

MARCH, 1903.

Marasmus.

Acute Bronchitis. Marasmus.

Do.

498 M. 10

รร

499 M. 6

500

F. 1 year,

501

3 months,

502

1 month,

503

10 days,

504

M. 6 months,

505

M. 6

506

M. 6

507

M. 8 months,

508 F. 6 days,

509

510

511

512

M. 10

M. 15,

F. 1 years, M. 10 days,

513 F. 1 year, 514 F. 1

M. 5 months,

Fd. Rifle Range,

Hunghom,

French Convent,

Do.,

Fd. Bonham Road,

Austin Road,

Naval Yard Extension.

Fd. Po Hing Fong, French Convent,

Do., Italian Convent,

Fd. Queen's Road East, Italian Convent, Fd. Second Street,

"Connaught Road, French Convent, Fd. New Street,

Kun Cheong, Italian Convent,

515

516

M.2

517

F. 1 month,

518

2 months,

519

M. 3

520

F. 13 days,

521 M. 1 year, 522 F. 1 523 F. 5 months, 524 F.3

Fd. Leighton Hill Road, Italian Convent,

Fd. Des Voeux Road West,

High Street,

Italian Convent, Fd. Mong Kok,

525

M. 4

Kun Chung,

Do.

Decomposed. Plague, Septic. Marasmus. Plague, Septic. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Diarrhoea. Small-pox. Marasmus. Plague, Septic. Br. Pneumonia. Plague, Septic. Marasmus. Inanition. Br. Pneumonia. Plague, Septic.

Do. Marasmus. Plague, Septic.

Do. Marasmus.

Plague, Bubonic. Marasmus.

Inanition. Plague, Septic. Marasmus,

- 18.

APRIL, 1903.

526 M. 2 mths., 527 F. 1 year, 528 F. 2 months,

529 F. 4 530

F. 10 days, 531 F. 20 532 F. 40 mths., 533 M. 1 year, 534 M.1

535 F. 8 days, 536 F. 1 year, 537 M. 6 months, 538 F. 6 539 F. 2 540 M. 1 day, 541 M. 3 months, 542

F. 12 days,

Italian Convent,

Marasmus.

Fd. Queen's Road East,

Inanition.

Do., Yaumati,

Italian Convent,

Do., Do.,

Fd. Kowloon Tong,

Po Hing Fong, Italian Convent, Fd. Third Street, Fd. Connaught Road,

Queen's Road East, Third Street, Italian Convent, Fd. Third Street,

543 M. 15 544 M. 1 year, 545 F. 3 months,

546 F. 6

547 F. 3

548 F. 3

549 F. 1 year, 550 F. 10 days,

551

F. 1 years,

12 552 M. 5 months, 553 M. 2

وو

Aberdeen,

in Harbour,

Kun Chung,

Li Sing Street, Leighton Hill,

10 Tai Wo Street,

in Harbour,

Italian Convent,

Do., Fd. in Harbour,

Morrison Hill,

11 Fuk Suk Lane,

Third Street,

554 F. 1 month, 555 F. 6 days, 556

F. 1 year,

Austin Road,

Shaukiwan Road,

Marasmus. Decomposed.

Do.

Plague, Pneumonci. Inanition.

Croup. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do.

Tub. Br. Pneumonia. Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Atelectasis.

Inanition. Marasmus. Decomposed. Small-pox. Plague, Septic.

Do.

Decomposed. Plague, Septic.

Do. Decomposed. Marasmus. Decomposed. Marasmus.

Do. Decomposed.

MAY, 1903.

Italian Convent, Fd. Des Voeux Road,

557 F. 6 weeks, 558 F. 2 559

F. 3 months, 560 M. 1 year,

561

M. 1 month,

562 F. 1 year, 563 F. 4 months, 564 M. 6

565

F. 2

566

F. 1 year,

567

F. 10 days,

568 M. 1 year, 569 F. 6 months, 570 F. 6

F. 10 days,

M. 1 year,

Coffee Plantation, Wing Fung Street, Belchers Street, Kowloon City Road, 16 Square Street, Queen's Road East, Kowloon,

Ladder Street,

Italian Convent,

Fd. Hunghom,

Queen's Road Central,

Queen's Road East,

Kau Loong Tong,

Italian Convent,

Fd. Causeway Bay,

Rifle Range, Queen's Road East, Pokfulam Road, Queen's Road West, Tai Ping Shan,

Kennedy Street,

Tub. Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus. Plague, Septic. Acute Bronchitis. Plague, Septic. Inanition. Malaria.

Marasmus.

Do. Decomposed. Marasmus. Decomposed.

Br. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea.

Marasmus.

Do. Decomposed. Plague, Septic. Marasmus. Do.

Br. Pneumonia. Diarrhoea.

Do.

Br. Pheumonia. Marasmus. Plague, Septic.

571

M. 1 year,

572

573

574

F. 1

575

F. 8 months,

576 M. 3

577 F. 2 578

F. 1 year, 579 F. 1 580 M. 1 month,

Kaw U Lane,

581

M. 10 mths.,

Tsim Sha Tsui,

582

F. 1 year,

Centre Street,

JUNE, 1903.

586

583 M. 3 months, 584 M. 3 585 F. 1

Fd. East Point Battery,

Decomposed.

Des Voeux Road, West, Diarrhoea.

year,

Italian Convent,

6 days,

Do..

587

M. 1 year,

Fd. Water Street,

Marasmus.

Do. Decomposed.

588 F. 4 months, 589 M. 1 year, 590 M. 6 months, 591 F. 1

1 year, 592 F. 1 593 F. 1 594 F. 1 month, 595 F. 6 days, 596 M. 2 months,

597 M. 1 year,

598 F. 1

599 F. 1

多多

وو

600 M. 2 months,

601 F. 1 year, 602 F. 6 months, 603 M. 1 year, 604 M. 1 605 M. 1 month, 606 F. 5 months,

JUNE, 1903,—Continued.

Italian Convent, Fd. Old Bailey.

Canton Wharf, Belchers Street,

Fd. Praya, Kennedy Town,

Connaught Road,

18 Wing Shing Street, Italian Convent, Fd. Chancery Lane,

Queen's Road West,

Do. East,

Italian Convent,

Fd. in Harbour,

161 Market Street, Praya East,

Kwok Ying Fong,

118 Wellington Street, Second Street,

Italian Convent,

Marasmus.

Do.

Br. Pneumonia. Plague, Septic. Plague, Bubonic. Marasmus.

Br. Pneumonia. Marasmus.

Do.

Malaria.

Plague, Septic. Tub. Br. Pneumonia. Decomposed. Diarrhoea.

Plague, Bubonic. Marasmus. Decomposed.

Mal-nutrition.

Tub. Br. Pneumonia.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

Enclosure C.

ITALIAN CONVENT.

Admissions.

Deaths.

July, 1902. August, 1902. Sept., 1902.

Oct., 1902.

Nov., 1902.

Dec., 1902.

Jan., 1903.

Feb., 1903. March, 1903. April, 1903. May, 1903. June, 1903.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

Admissions.

Deaths.

...

26 14 28 33

Trismus, 4

Tetanus,

...

31 12

...

34 21

...

Trismus,

Tetanus, 36

...

33 17 23

...

FRENCH CONVENT.

...

The total number of admissions is 341.

The total number of deaths is 168.

Only those under 5 years are included, a few whose ages are not mentioned are omitted

...

Asile de la Sainte Enfance.-1902-1903.

July,

..1902.

August, ...1902.

September, 1902.

October, ...1902.

November, 1902.

December, 1902.

January,...1903.

February, 1903.

March,..

.1903.

April, ..............1903.

May, ......1903.

June,

1903.

Males, q. q. j.

1 to 4 months,

1 to 2 years, 3, 4, 5,

20 25

2523+

28 12 18 18 19 12

6 16

9 12

5 to 12

9 3

13 13 11

4 9

6 4

54 65

12122

96364

13 11

6 10

5 2 4 11 12

757

17 21 16

10 9 13 1

35 47 36 45 43 51 53 62

Total,

Females, q. q. j.

1 to 4 months,

5 to 12

13 12

322

39 25 29

13 19

1 to 2 years, 3, 4, 5,

6 18

40202

16 13 22

4129

16 14 11 13

19 17

11 3 3

13 9

12 10 12

13 18 16

20 16

Total,

66 96 55 75

77 85 77

Grand Total,

120 161115 116 86

98 87105128|138 139

1,392 ADMISSIONS.

Deaths, Males:-

Same day, Within 3 days,

18 15 7

22 30 36

After 7

NOOD N

∞∞

ත

6 9 4

210

9988

6 10

18 17 28 10 16 18

7 10 6 7 8

4155

16 24 35 24

8 6

Total,

50 58 54

35 33 46

30 44 41

45 54 62

Deaths, Females:-

Same day, Within 3 days,

17 12 5 15

11 39 31

15 16

After 7

Total,

13 18

56 85 49

8 RENG

26 15 24

10 5

2#62

13 21

13 32 32 27 21 20

8 11 11 8 9 9

2200

12 16 12

14 12 18 13

63 44

40 59 73 79

Grand Total,

106 | 143 | 103 | 98

93 81

84100 118 | 133 | 135

1,271 DEATHS.

Deaths registered in the French and Italian Convents from 1st January, 1880, to 30th September, 1886.

FRENCH CONVENT.

Months.

1881 1882

1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 Total.

Aver- Temperature.

age. Min. Max. Mean.

January,

85 53 61 72 76 59 58 464

February,

76 42 37

March,

70 47 61

66 58 59 60

April,

78 49 42

69 76 61 50

May,

40 56 49

67 79 72 74

June,

74 82 80

134 78

July,

$2 77 76

104 77 106

August,

74 112

98 82 78 98

September,

89 100

96 102 71 79

October,

74 93

87 79 111

November,

75 85

112 89 66

December,

78 87

71 86 76 67

GRENJTAJAONG

46 70

72 38

415

70 60

407

76 64

425

$4 71

437

56 74

578

621

76 92 85

589

77 92 82

612

76 90 81

523

495

465

77 8469 77 63

Total,

852 805 867 1,067 939 879 622 6,031

ITALIAN CONVENT.

January,

43 52

34 24 30

272

February,

49 47 14

30 31

214 30

March,

44 28 37

32 36

245 35

76 64

April,

25 26 27

36 41 34 49

238

84 71

May, June, July,

51 48 43

33 42 62

329

47 64 87

64 36

66 55

875

53 73 91

74 68 77

480

68 76

August,

62 41

67 40 59

411

September,

59 57 35 48

377 54

October, November, December,

45 60 41

54 60

53 51

68 44

36 37 52

42 43

蛋炒麵

314 52 70

305 51 255 42 54 77

58 84

Total,

596 548 567 610 513 535 446 3,815

Total for both Convents 1,448; 1,352; 1,677; 1,452; 1,414; 1,068 ; 9,846.

No.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, HONGKONG, 29th February, 1904.

SIR,-I have the honour to report to the Government upon the Education Department for the year 1903.

STAFF.

Mr. W. H. WILLIAMS took up his appointment as Head Master of the Saiying- pun District School in January.

Mr. C. CURWEN was appointed Headmaster of the Yaumati District School in March.

Miss COLCUTT resigned her appointment of Second Mistress at the Kowloon School in May. After several changes Mrs. HATWELL was appointed in July.

THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION.

Many steps have been taken during the year under review to give effect to the general recommendations of the Committee on Education.

A Sub-Committee of the Governing Body of Queen's College was appointed to draw up a course of study for the Chinese Classes in the College. The same course has been adopted in the Anglo-Chinese District Schools; and in most of the Anglo- Chinese and Vernacular Grant Schools a similar course is now being followed. Further reference to this course is made under "Graut Schools" below.

A Committee was appointed to consider the possibility of holding regular examinations for the senior Classes in History and Geography under the auspices of the Oxford Local Delegacy. The report of this Committee is now in the hands of the Government.

The Committee on Education drew attention to the difficulties attendant on the co-education of young English-speaking children with Chinese boys who are be- ginning the study of English. The Chinese boys are usually older by several years, and often older for their ages, than the English-speaking children; a course of instruction calculated to develop infant minds is quite unsuitable for them; they need to spend most of their school time in the acquisition of English, especially Colloquial, and also to spend some time on improving their knowledge of Written Chinese. The difficulties in the way of teaching the two classes of children together are obviously great. The subject was fully discussed during the year, and finally the following dictum of the late Governor Sir HENRY BLAKE received the approval of the Secretary of State for the Colonies:-

"In my opinion the difficulty may be surmounted by arranging that Chinese boys shall not be taught English in the same Class as non-Chinese boys, until it is found that they have acquired a sufficient know- ledge of English to understand the teaching given to the Class in that language. This will prevent the English boys being retarded, without violating the principle that education shall be given equal- ly and indiscriminately to all races."

THE GRANT CODE.

One of the most important changes recommended by the Committee on Educa- tion was the substitution of a new Code for the then existing Grant-in-Aid Code. Accordingly the present Grant Code was drafted at the beginning of the year. I met the Managers of the schools several times, and discussed its provisions fully with them. I am indebted to their criticisms for several beneficial amendments.

15 1904

114

In its final form the draft Code was circulated among Managers and met with general approval. It came into force on the 1st January, 1904; but Managers who cared to do so were permitted to bring their schools under it from the 1st July, 1903, and about one half of them, including the Managers of St. Joseph's, the Italian Convent, the Diocesan School for Girls, and most of the London Missionary Society's schools and the American Baptist Mission's schools, elected to do so.

The following are some of the points of difference which distinguish the existing Code from the old Code:-

(a.) The Grants are paid upon the results of the Inspector's observation throughout the year, and not upon the success or otherwise of individual scholars at an Annual Examination.

(b.) The Code recognizes that schools employing a well educated Staff are worthy of special recognition, by giving a higher rate of Grant, paid in sterling, to such schools. The Staff must, in order to meet the requirements of the Code in this respect, be partly composed of Europeans, or natives of very unusual qualifications.

(c.) The old Code gave Grants to schools giving a Chinese education on the time-honoured Chinese lines, as well as to schools in which Portuguese or German was the medium of instruction. The present Code recognizes only modern Western methods of im- parting instruction, and insists that either English or Chinese must be the medium of instruction: other languages may of course be studied as Class subjects.

GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.

KOWLOON SCHOOL.

The Kowloon School for European British subjects has now been open for nearly two years. The attendance during 1903 averaged 46.4 as compared with 39.3 in 1902, an increase of 18 per cent. The greatest number of scholars present on one day was 58. Mr. JAMES in his report complains with reason of the irregularity of attendance. This irregularity seems inherent in the schools of the Colony, and is much to be regretted. The revenue collected under Fees amounted to $1,854.50 as against $924 in 1902 (8 months).

During the first six months of the year I visited the School every fortnight, and less frequently during the latter half of the year. As regards discipline and organization, I have nothing to say but praise. I think it would be hard to find anywhere a brighter or better ordered school. As regards the curriculum, I am not yet prepared to give a final opinion. It will be another year or two before the results of the very solid and practical course of study are fully seen. I should add that I have made no suggestions as to the curriculum which Mr. JAMES has not adopted. I shall report more fully on the school work at the end of the school- year in July.

The following extracts are from the Headmaster's Report:-

Admissions.

"During the year 22 new pupils were admitted, while the same number of old pupils left. This means that in the course of 12 months 41 per cent. of the personnel of the school was changed-a strong proof of the shifting nature of the population from which the school draws its pupils.

Attendances.

The maximum monthly average attendance was 54, and the minimum 37.7 English children in the tropics are naturally more often absent through illness than would be the case at home; for this I have always made due and sympathetic allowance. But when, in addition to this, pupils absent themselves for pic-nies and parties to an extent that would not be tolerated at any Public School in England, it seems hopeless to expect that they should by anything like so far advanced as children of equal ages in England.

115

Health.

During the earlier months of the year the school was visited by epidemics. of measles, whooping-cough and chicken-pox, which, owing to the precautions that had to be adopte against infection, sadly reduced the attendance. In all matters appertaining to the health and sanitation of the school, I have been guided by the kind advice of Dr. SWAN.

Holidays.

Our original holiday scheme provided for two months at midsummer, and one week between the summer and winter terms-the idea being to devote the maximum of cold-weather time to work. The late Governor Sir H. A. BLAKE decided however that for the future the holidays should consist of six weeks in the summer, three weeks at Christmas, and two weeks at Easter.

Games:

Organized school games I regret to say we have none, owing to the fact that we have no playground worthy of the name. A piece of ground smaller than an ordinary class-room permits of neither cricket nor football-games which at home are so largely respon- sible for that healthy tone called the public school spirit.' Last winter I got up some paper-chases, but soon discontinued them owing to the disapproval of the parents.

New Features.

The following new features were introduced in the course of the year:-

(a.) Towards the close of the year a Committee was appointed

by the late Governor to consider the question of religious instruction. This Committee recommended that Biblical instruction should form part of the school curriculum. Scripture history will therefore form part of next year's syllabus.

(b.) The celebration of Empire Day.-The school met at the usual time, and after listening to an address from the Head- master, sang the national anthem and was then given a whole holiday.

(c.) The national anthem is regularly sung by the whole school

before dismissal on the last day of each week.

(d.) The school is drilled by a military Drill Instructor once a

week.

(e.) A dancing-class is held on Saturdays.

(f.) The infants have been taught paper-folding, which will be followed by clay-modelling, as soon as the necessary ma- terials arrive from England.

(9.) Practical chemistry and brush-work are being taught in the

Fourth Forin.

h.) The addition to the Staff of a pupil-teacher."

THE BELILIOS PUBLIC SCHOOL

I drew attention last year to a falling off in the number of attendances, which I attributed partly to the doubling of the fees charged in the latter half of 1901 and partly to the competition of other schools. This falling off is best shewn by the following table which eliminates the violent fluctuations of the summer months when attendances are mainly regulated by the severity or mildness of the plague.

Average Number of Scholars enrolled. ·

1900,

1901,

1902,

1903,

Fecs doubled.

{ Jan - April,

169

Sept.-Dec.

...173

Jan -April,

....163

Sept.-Dec.

..120*

Jan.-April,

..119

Sept.-Dec.,

Jan-April, Sept.-Dec

.101† ....117 ..107

† Kowloou School open.

;

- 116

Though the decrease in numbers appears to have stopped, it has only done so owing to a new demand which the school is satisfying for the time being. In 1900 4% of the scholars were Indian boys under eleven years of age in the Preparatory School. In 1903 they had increased to over 9. At least another 11 % are Eurasian or Asiatic boys other than Chinese. There appears to be need of a school for these boys; and I am glad to report that temporary arrangements have been made, through the liberality of a member of the Indian community, by which a Grant School will at once be opened for them.

As I pointed out last year, in the Chinese Division of the Belilios Public School there are 240 girls who are getting an education in their Written Language without any supervision whatever from the Mistresses of the English School. By drafting out the Indian boys it should now be possible to free one Mistress at least to look after them.

I examined the English School at the end of the year. The work was very well done in the Upper and Lower School, but it did not appear to me that enough work had been got through in the course of the year. The work of the school was however considerably disorganized by the temporary absence of the Second Mistress who had to fill a vacancy for some months at the Kowloon School.

In the Preparatory School there were (a very few) English speaking Infants'; many Indian boys who come knowing nothing; young Chinese boys; young Chinese girls; Chinese girls of 15 or 17 who having completed their Chinese education were beginning to study English; and Portuguese or other girls of about the same age also knowing no English. It is impossible to form satisfactory Classes out of such a medley. I can only hope that the steps I have taken will reduce the Preparatory School to a completer state of organization.

The Chinese girls have, under Miss BATEMAN, made nevertheless remarkable progress with their English. They write very well indeed; and the fact that they will at the end of a year's study speak out loud in Class to a stranger is proof to my mind of great pains spent in overcoming their almost invincible diffidence. They do not speak as well as boys in the District Schools who have been learning just as long. I have not yet had experience enough of the new system, to say whether this is inevitable or not.

THE DISTRICT SCHOOLS.

These schools were entirely re-organized at the beginning of the year. Special attention has been paid to the improvement of the Chinese Masters in the method of their teaching, especially in the method of teaching English.

Normal Class.

A Normal Class has already done much to improve their knowledge of the science of teaching. They have met every Saturday and have given lessons in turn to a Class, which lessons have been followed, after the dismissal of the Class, by discussions upon the matter and treatment, and have been subjected to criticism. The Chinese Masters have shown themselves willing and quick to learn: and this is the more satisfactory since, if a knowledge of English is to spread rapidly, we shall have to depend upon Chinese Masters for the instruction of the Lowest Standards.

Fees.

The fees paid by the scholars have gradually been raised, till now $2 a month is paid by new boys, and $1 a month by the scholars already in attendance. At Yaumati fees were charged from the middle of the year only. The total of fees collected was $1,507.50, compared with $152.50 in 1902, and nil in 1901.

Attendances.

The schools have been throughout the year about as full as the Staff would warrant. Attendances have as usual been extremely irregular. The average number in attendance at the three schools combined was 265 (Saiyingpun 95, Yaumati 74, Wantsai 96).

Books and Apparatus.

The schools were well equipped during the year with books and apparatus ordered from England: but as these did not arrive till the latter part of the year, and as some time was inevitably taken up with arranging the curriculum according- ly, the schools upon their reconstructed basis can hardly he said to have been working for more than six months.

串

117

Inspection.

At my latest inspection I took especial pains to discover how far the new method had succeeded in improving the teaching of English. I must say that used as I have been to the difficulty of extracting other replies than "yes

yes" and "no," even from boys who have been under instruction for several years, the change for the better was most promising. T make this clear I give the following notes, taken down at the time, of an attempt made at conversation with 5 boys selected at random from a Class; none of these boys had attended school for more than ten months:

"I live at Elgin Street. I am ten years old. I have been 9 months at school. We learn reading. We learn poetry. We learn pictures. Pictures of pigs. Yes, I have seen a pig, Sir. I see a pig at Kowloon. He is looking for food. It eats oatmeal and flour. The dog eats beef. It eats bones. It find the bone in the ground. Boys eat apple-rice-lichee Boys drink tea-wine -water. Girls drink the same. A girl is a woman-a young woman. I have two sisters."

Boys of the same standing were told to write descriptions of a picture of dogs hanging on the wall, which had doubtless been already the subject of some such exercise. I give some of the results. It is noticeable that they are not all the same, which argues that the child is beginning to think in English, and is not merely reproducing sentences learned by heart.

That is a bull-dog, Sir.'

"That kind is called the bull-dog."

No, Sir, it is not a big dog, Sir.'

The bull-dog has short legs and an ugly face.”

"A bull-dog is looks like a tiger."

"The bull-dog is good for keeping watch."

In Elementary Geography an important change has been effected, and the same beginners shewed, especially at Yaumati, a good knowledge of the topography of Hongkong. The course now followed is certainly the right one, which is, to proceed from the known to the unknown, from the school to the street, the city, the Colony, the Canton Province.

The Arithmetic done by the first year boys was good. The first four rules were offered for examination, and at Saiyingpun the compound rules with English money as well. I consider that to be too much.

I have dwelt upon the work done by the lowest Classes, because they best illus- trate the new methods. But considering the not very satisfactory nature of their early training, I have good reason to be satisfied with the progress made by the boys in the highest Classes. Composition, generally speaking, was weak, except at Yaumati where some very good work was done. Geography was very good at Saiyingpun in the highest Class, and passable at the other two schools. beginning of History and Algebra has been made at Saiyingpun. As regards Colloquial English the senior boys are suffering from the effects of having hitherto been taught through their eyes instead of through their ears and eyes: but at any rate they now talk courageously.

The Chinese composition was. generally speaking, bad. It might possibly be considered fair at Saiyingpun. To remedy this the Government has consented to abolish the Vernacular Schools connected with the Anglo-Chinese Schools, and to employ the Masters as Vernacular Masters in the Anglo-Chinese Schools. By some means or other this serious shortcoming must be made good during the current year

Apart from this the schools have made an excellent beginning.

GRANT SCHOOLS.

The Grant Code was adopted by some schools at the beginning of July, but I am not yet able to report definitely as to its effect. The Italian Convent and one or two other Roman Catholic Schools drew up what appear to be very sound courses of study under the provisions of the Code, and will, I feel sure, be materially improved by them. Unfortunately the necessity of holding the winter examina- tions in the schools which decided not to come under the Code at once, prevented me from continuing to examine the proposed courses of study of those that did come under it.

NUMBER OF SCHOLARS IN THE SCHOOLS OF THE COLONY.

118

Of the Anglo-Chinese Schools, three at least-the Roman Catholic Cathedral School, the Ellis Kadoorie School, and the St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School- have given evidence of a desire to attach due importance to the study of spoken English. The last is an encouraging example of a well-conducted school under Chinese Masters only. It has greatly improved in the last two years.

The Vernacular Schools have on the whole greatly improved in the last two years. This improvement is naturally most easily detected in those which elected to come under the new Code at once, and which were thus freed from a hard-and-fast course of study. The schools under the management of the Rev. H. R. WELLS of the London Mission shew great promise. Instead of the nursery classics-the Three Character, and the Thousand Character-which were learned by heart with- out any idea of their meaning, a regular course of illustrated Chinese Readers has been adopted, and the change has proved exceedingly popular. These readers are the means of teaching not only the characters and their meanings, but also the simple lessons which are usually found in English Readers. Local Geography is taught throughout the schools, and not only (as hitherto) to the senior scholars. Mental Arithmetic is, in at least one Girl School of the Wesleyan Mission, being taught to every Class with great success.

STATISTICS.

AVERAGE ATTENDANCE.

The following table shows the number of scholars in average attendance, com- pared with the figures for 1901. This method of calculation under-estimates the number in receipt of education, but reckoning by the total enrolment errs still more on the side of exaggeration.

(Reckoned by the Average Attendance. The figures in brackets are those for 1901.)

English Schools.

Anglo-Chinese Schools,

GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.

'03

30.

(10.)

('01)

Vernacular Schools.

'03

('01)

Total.

80.

(10.)

(1)

1 Kowloon School,

མི

(1)

1 Belilios Public School,...........................

(110)

(1)

1 Queen's College,

940

(168)

(4)

3 Anglo-Chinese District Schools,

265

(287)

(7)

6 Vernacular District Schools, ...

271

(266)

(14) 12

141

(110)

1,205 (1,181)

271

(266)

1,617 (1,557)

GRANT SCHOOLS.

(13)

9 English Schools,

892

(836)

...

8 Anglo-Chinese Schools,.

760

(435)

3,542 (3,197)

1,890 (1,926)

(57) 53 Vernacular Schools,... (8)

(79) 70

(?)

PRIVATE SCHOOLS.

English Private Schools,

(12) 23 Anglo-Chinese Schools, (95) 84 Vernacular Schools,..

(107) 107

(199) 189

1,033

(9F6)

663

(526)

2,926 (2,983)

2,263 (2,457)

2,628 (2,142)

4,424 (4,649)

8,085 (7,737)

119

The most noticeable feature is the increase of scholars in Anglo-Chinese Schools, and the corresponding though slighter decrease in the numbers of the Vernacular Schools. One Anglo-Chinese District School was closed at the beginning of the year.

The scholars in the English Schools have also increased largely, more so than the figures show, as I have omitted the figures for four Portuguese Schools which have just been closed.

The figures under the head Private Schools are interesting as they show that the Chinese themselves are inclined to spend more time and money on learning English, and less on learning Chinese.

I have, &c.,

EDWARD A. IRVING,

Inspector of Schools.

The Honourable A. M. THOMSON,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

No. 40

1904

HONGKONG.

ABSTRACT SHEWING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE FOR 1904 AND 1905.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS :---

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS :—

. Stipulated Increments,

16,617

Reduction of Salary on New Appointments, $

10,911

Increase of Salary,

22,596

Abolition of Posts,..

6,105

New Posts,.

70,228

Exchange Compensation,

4,523

Posts formerly paid for out of "Other

6,192

New Appointments on Sterling Salary,.

3,376

Charges,"

Less 3 Passed Cadets,

7,200

Exchange Compensation,

6,105

Land Court Establishment..

8,604

Acceptance of Sterling Salary; New

538

Salary previously overestimated,

114

Appointments on Sterling Salary,

Allowances,

852

Posts for whole instead of part of year,.

1,526

Other Charges,

75,407

Posts transferred to Permanent Establish-

Public Works, Recurrent,

110,200

920

ment,

Allowances,

4,953

Other Items,

Other Charges,..

89,834

Special Expenditure (Post Office),.

15,000

Pensions,

31,618

Ecclesiastical,

1,400

Charitable Allowances,

160

Transport,.

7,000

Miscellaneous Services,

7,353

Military Expenditure-Contribution to

47,165

Imperial Government,

Total Increase,

329,235

Total Decrease,..

227,292

Deduct Decrease,

227,292

Total Increase exclusive of P.W. Extraordinary, Public Works, Extraordinary,

101,943

541,900

TOTAL INCREASE inclusive of P.W. Extra-

€A

643,843

ordinary,

HONGKONG.

MEMORANDUM TO EXPLAIN ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE FOR 1905.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

No.

1904

Note.-1s. 8d., as for 1904, has been taken throughout these Estimates as the rate of conversion for sterling salaries and as the basis for payment of exchange compensation.

PENSIONS.

POLICE.

Deduct Pensions ceased.-The deductions are the outcome of protracted correspondence with the Indian Government.

GOVERNOR.

OTHER CHARGES.

New Furniture.-It is not anticipated that more than $4,000 will be spent in 1904 and the unexpended moiety is provided for 1905 to meet such requirements of Government House and Mountain Lodge as may not have been satisfied before the end of 1904.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE.

4 Passed Cadets. Included in these is Mr. R. F. JOHNSTON who has been seconded temporarily as Secretary to Government at Weihaiwei, but is paid by that Government. Two Passed Cadets on dollar salaries have received substantive appointments. Subject to approval of the Secretary of State, one Passed Cadet, on sterling salary, has been appointed to the post of Assistant Secretary, Sanitary Board. There is reduction therefore of 3 Passed Cadets.

AUDIT DEPARTMENT.

In the absence of any reason for providing the sums required at a special rate of exchange, the rate adopted for the whole of the Estimates has been adopted now for the first time for this Department for the sake of uniformity, and the sterling sums required have accordingly been converted at 1s. 8d.

POST OFFICE.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

Agencies in China-Shanghai.

Junior Mail man. This new post was approved on the recommendation of the Postmaster at Shanghai who stated that the growth of business necessitated the appointment of an assistant to the mail man already on the Estimates, who, unaided, was overworked.

Postmen. The Postmaster reported that the growth of the European residen- tial district, the increased bulk of inward mails, and the increased frequency of their arrival required the appointment of two additional Postmen.

Canton.

Postmen. For some time past 3 Postmen have proved insufficient to cope with the delivery of letters over such a wide area as is comprised in the City and suburbs, Honam, Fati, etc., and the additional Postman was appointed in January last, being for 1904 paid out of savings.

Amoy.

Postmen.-A third Postman had been employed and paid $3 a month out of Incidentals. It is now necessary to provide for his services permanently and to give him $5 a month, $3 being insufficient for a suitable man. The additional

516

Postman at $8 a month is also engaged as Sorter in the sub-office on the side of the Harbour opposite to the Agency. His services are absolutely necessary. These additions were approved in February and are being paid for out of savings for the current year.

OTHER CHARGES. Carriage of Mails.

Transit Charges.-The increase under this head is principally due to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company and the Steamship Companies represented by it demanding an increase in the amount hitherto paid to them for the conveyance of mails to the United States, and to the extension of the Parcel Post to that country.

The total is made up as follows:-

United Kingdom,..

Other Countries,

Conveyance of United States Mails to Manila

and Manila Mails to United States.

Parcel Post,

£5,593

2,230

945

£8,793 @ 1/8 $105,516

$7,505

747

8,252

...

8,775

2,457

$125,000

Canton Mails-

Hongkong, Canton and Macao Steam-

Boat Company,

China Navigation Company,

Pacific Mail Steam-ship Company for convey- ance of Hongkong Mails, etc., to San Francisco, etc., 45 trips at $195 a trip, For increase in correspondence to United King-

dom, etc.,

SPECIAL EXPENDITURE.

Purchase of Steam-launch.-The Government Marine Surveyor reported the Post Office Launch "Courier" to be unseaworthy. She was fifteen years old and only able to make 6 knots. Her original cost was $5,250. She was sold by ten- der for $2,000 and a launch has been hired for the present at $120 a month.

OBSERVATORY.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

Coolie Wages.-Owing to the impossibility of retaining the services of coolies at the former rates they have been raised one from $9 and two from $8 a month to $10 and $9 respectively.

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

Gardens, Forestry.-The items under these heads have been re-arranged and better classified.

OTHER CHARGES.

Draining King's Park.-No further expenditure under this head required at

present.

Forestry, New Territory.-This item has been increased by $5,000, the sum of $8,000 being held to be a suitable annual expenditure for the present for beginning a more comprehensive scheme of afforestation in the New Territory which is rendered possible by the impending completion of the operations of the Land Court in investigating and settling titles. The arrangements contemplated are expected to yield a fair revenue in due course.

* Refunds on account of these Mails are paid in as Revenue.

517

Maintenance of Gardens and Grounds.-The increase in this item is made

up as follows:---

Transferred from gardening operations in Cemetery,......

Increase considered necessary for Cemetery,

Transferred from Maintenance of Government Office Grounds, Maintenance of Peak Garden (C.O.D. 141 of 1904),..

$ 800

200

100

Maintenance of Taipingshan Garden (C.O.D. 231 of 1903),... 500

$1,700

LAND REGISTRY OFFICE.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

Clerk and Translator.-The salary of the holder of the office is at present $720, but he is expected to pass in 1905 as 2nd Class Translator when he will come on the scale provided.

Temporary Clerk.-This Clerk has hitherto been paid $1 a day out of lapsing salaries, but is now shown on the Estimates. It is possible that further clerical assistance may be permanently required for New Territory work.

NEW TERRITORIES.

2 Copying Clerks.-These posts have been placed in Class VIII of the classifi- cation scheme and made permanent, but the holders come on the scale at $300, the figure at which they were appointed.

Coolies for Land Bailiffs.-Are required to carry maps, etc., for field work.

OTHER CHARGES.

Incidental Expenses.-Previous provision insufficient to meet increased wants due to increases of staff, electric lighting formerly paid for by Supreme Court. uniforms for messengers, and new furniture required.

ATTORNEY GENERAL AND CROWN SOLICITOR.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

Crown Solicitor's Clerk.-On the resignation of this Clerk recently, the Crown Solicitor requested that the Clerk's salary might be added to the item Expenses of Crown Solicitor's staff as no special work devolved upon this Clerk all the clerical work being divided between the various clerks employed by the Crown Solicitor, and this was approved.

LAND COURT, NEW TERRITORY.

Provision was only made for six months of 1904, but it became necessary to supplement this as the work of settling claims could not be completed by the 30th of June. A revised Estimate was laid before Council involving an excess of $7,746.80 over the original estimate and a further Supplementary Vote was taken later for $4,524 for the Staff required from the 1st June to the 31st of December, 1904, in connection with the work of Land Settlement, as apart from the investigation of claims, in New Kowloon and the New Territory. A vote was also taken for half of Mr. CLEMENTI's salary for six months from July to December to admit of the officer acting in Mr. CLEMENTI'S substantive post of Assistant Registrar General drawing half salary while Mr. CLEMENTI was seconded to the Land Court. Other clerical assistance may still be required for 1904.

The work of hearing and deciding claims will be completed by the end of the year, and the Land Court consequently disappears from the 1905 Estimates.

518

EDUCATION.

INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS.

OTHER CHARGES.

Principal Grants under New Grant Code (C.O.D. 185 of 1903).--The increase is due to the full effects of the increased grants under the new Code being felt for the first time in 1905 and is made up as follows:

English Schools, Class I.

1,400 Scholars at 30/- ($18),

Class II.

400 Scholars at $7.

Vernacular Schools, Class I.

2,500 Scholars at $7,

.25,200

2,800

17,500

$45,500

QUEEN'S COLLEGE.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

Second Master's Allowance for Knowledge of Chinese.-Exchange Compensa- tion is drawn on this allowance, which in Mr. MAY's the only such case is a personal allowance and is not on the same footing as the language allowances drawn by other officers. $180 was first inserted in the Estimates for 1893 as a personal allowance to this Officer.

Gymnastic Instructor.--On the recommendation of the Head Master a non- commissioned officer's services are to be obtained to give the necessary instruction when the new appliances arrive and the rate of remuneration is that fixed by the Military Authorities, namely, $1 per hour.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS. Civil Hospital.

Messengers.-A Coolie at $96 has become necessary for the Laboratory where a private coolie is at present employed on Government business.

Lunatic Asylums. Kennedy Town Hospital. Maternity Hospital. Cook. It has been found impossible to get and keep good cooks at $9 a month for these posts in consequence of general rise of wages of Chinese servants.

OTHER CHARGES. Civil Hospital.

Metallurgical Furnace for Laboratory.-The present apparatus can only be used for ores and minerals in single quantities and the increased and increasing work requires more expeditious methods. The one provided for will take 10 or more samples at a time.

POLICE.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

6 Telephone Clerks.-An additional Clerk was appointed in 1903 and paid from lapsing salaries. His services were necessary as complaints were made by the Sanitary Department at the delay and difficulty in communicating with the District Sanitary Offices through the Government Telephone Exchange.

European Force: Sergeants and Constables.-The differences between the amounts provided in 1904 and required in 1905 are caused only by stipulated increments falling due, and to the number of Sergeants or Lance Sergeants or Con-

519

stables on dollar pay having been promoted in consequence of vacancies due partly to promotions of their predecessors some of whose salaries were fixed in Sterling or in Dollars or vice versâ. There is no increase in the Establishment.

17 Boatmen.-It has proved impossible to secure and retain men for $8 a month and it was necessary in April last to raise their pay to $9.

OTHER CHARGES.

Incidentals Expenses.-The reduction of $444 represents $72 Allowance to Boatmen at Cheung Chow now shown separately under Personal Emoluments, and $372 for wages of Coolies as explained in Mr. MAY's despatch No. 206 of 16th May, 1904, and approved by the Secretary of State in despatch No. 198 of 27th June.

Rent of Police Stations.—The increase is $240 for rent of house to accom- modate the increased Chinese Detective Staff, but may not be required when the additional storey for the Central Station is completed or if there is room in the temporary accommodation provided during such addition: and $50 for taxes on house next to No. 2 Police Station.

VICTORIA GAOL.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

6 Temporary Guards.-Owing to crowding of Gaol two Store rooms had to be converted into Dormitories to accommodate prisoners and these extra Guards were added to the Staff in consequence. They are provided for next year in anticipation of similar crowding.

4 Cooks at $96.-The increase of $1 a month to 2 cooks was found to be necessary, $7 a month being insufficient.

SANITARY DEPARTMENT.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

Watchman, Kwai Chung.-This is the revival of an appointment which existed up to 1900. It has been found necessary so as to ensure that the refuse from the dust boats is taken to the appointed place on shore and not deposited in the sea between Hongkong and Cheung Sha Wan.

Sanitary Inspector acting as Overseer to Cemeteries.-It was recommended by the Sanitary Board that this Overseer should be accorded this altered status and the salary attaching to it on condition that he devotes his whole time to the work. At present he is also Cathedral Verger, a position he will relinquish.

3 Sextons, Sai Yu Shek Cemetery and Rent Allowance.-This staff is necessary but was everlooked by the Sanitary Department when the Cemetery was selected in May, 1903. Their wages have been paid this year out of lapsing salaries.

Engineers and Attendants for Bath-houses.-They are required for the Bath- houses in Cross Street and Pound Lane and for the supervision of the Disinfecting Tanks erected as a result of the plague experiment of Sir HENRY BLAKE in 1903. Their wages have this year been paid out of "Coolie Labour" not having been estimated for.

OTHER CHARGES.

Cemetery Incidental Expenses.-The increase is provided to meet cost of lay- ing out Sai Yu Shek Cemetery declared a burial place by Government Notification of 22nd May, 1903, and cost of putting existing cemeteries in better order. vote may be reconsidered for 1906.

The

Incidental Expenses.-The reduction in round figures represents the sums of which the item has been relieved by separate provision being made.

}

Latrine at Wanchai Gap Road.-A ventilating shaft with electric exhaust fan was installed to obviate complaints from the public, which had been frequent, of disagreeable smells in the vicinity of the latrine.

520

PLAGUE.

Bath-houses, Coal, etc.-Maintenance charges incidental to the establishment of bath-houses in various parts of the City. Owing to an oversight they were not previously estimated for and have been met out of "Disinfecting Tanks-Coolie Hire" during 1904.

COOLIE LABOUR AND DISINFECTANTS.

Incidental Expenses.-The first of these items has been relieved by separate provision and a further decrease on both has been found possible.

CHARITABLE ALLOWANCES.

Grant to Society of Saint Vincent de Paul.-It has for years past been cus- tomary to grant $100 at Christmas time for the provision of comforts and goods to the Society. This sum is now placed on the Estimates, that course being more regular.

Grant to LAM KAM CHUK.-She is the widow of CHÖNG Mo Kwai who died as the result of an assault by a Chinese Constable. The woman, who is 37 years old, has two children, is very poor, and has no relative capable of supporting her.

TRANSPORT.

Passage Allowance to Officers.-For many years past this vote has been far too small to meet the demands upon it and $10,000 is still only a modest estimate.

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES.

District Watchmen Grant, $2,000.-The District Watchmen Fund was in receipt of an annual grant of $2,000 up to 1893 when the state of the Fund did not warrant its continuance but a promise was made to renew the grant whenever the Fund required assistance. The grant was restored for 3 years beginning with 1902, but is continued for 1905, although the Fund is in a good position at present, because a considerable expenditure is anticipated for accommodation at Wanchai and Saiyingpun and also in connection with a scheme for raising the District Watch- men's wages to the same rates as for the Chinese Police with the object of attracting better men. See Governor's despatch No. 166 of 1904 as to constitution, &c., of Force.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS. Engineering Staff.

Junior Draughtsman.-This provision is inserted for an experiment in the employment of a Queen's College Boy (Chinese) on the routine work of tracing, inking in plans, etc., in the Drawing Office. The boy selected is being tried for six months from July without pay. If he proves useful he will come on to the scale provided.

CROWN LANDS AND SURVEYS.

Land Bailiff-The scale of salary in the Sterling Salary Scheme is £260 rising to £300, but in Mr. MAY's despatch No. 252 of 11th June the scale now provided was proposed for an additional Bailiff and as the duties of the two Bailiffs are identical both must be on the same scale, and on the recommendation of the Director of Public Works the scale for a first class Overseer has been adopted as suitable.

DREDGER.

Engineer, Foreman.--The small increases provided are granted under the authority of the Secretary of State, despatch No. 48 of the 16th February, 1900. The instructions issued in consequence of that despatch have up to the present been overlooked in the Public Works Department as regards these two men.

521

PUBLIC WORKS ANNUALLY RECURRENT.

These estimates have been re-arranged in order to eliminate all charges not strictly coming under the head "annually recurrent" and for clearness have been grouped under the natural divisions to which the items belong. "Extensions of Gas Lighting" and "Forming and Kerbing Streets" although undertaken annually are not recurrent matters such work being in respect of different localities each year. The miscellaneous items for Drainage, Water-works and other works more properly belong to the Extraordinary Votes and have been transferred accordingly. The nature of the works charged against these items can readily be seen from the Annual Report of the Director of Public Works,

There being no longer a separate Water Account, the Public Works Annually Recurrent now comprises all maintenance charges, including Waterworks, charge- able to General Revenue.

Maintenance of Buildings.-$500 separately provided in former Estimates is now properly included herein and the increase of $1,500 is for the maintenance of new buildings now completed.

Maintenance of Telegraphs.-The increases are to cover the cost of further work of replacing wooden by iron poles and the maintenance of additional lines.

Maintenance of Public Cemetery.-This item it is difficult to estimate for owing to the liability to landslips on the terraces which cannot be wholly prevented nor foreseen with certainty.

Maintenance of Sewers and Nullahs.--Increased lengths of Sewers and Nullahs have had to be provided for as well as for the extra cost involved in the night cleansing of sewers along the new Electric Tramway route. The sum formerly voted has proved inadequate.

Maintenance of City and Hill District Waterworks.-The increase is to meet the cost of pumping in the Tytam Tuk Valley it being hoped that the large pum- ping engines may be got to work before the end of the year 1905.

Miscellaneous Services.-This head embraces many small but very necessary services always cropping up during the year which cannot with advantage be separately shown, and the provision made, which is not large, obviates the necessity for frequent supplementary votes; a close watch is kept on this and items of any importance are not generally charged against it without previous authority. The increase is based on past expenditure.

PUBLIC WORKS EXTRAORDINARY.

1. The original estimate of $40,000 was made before all the requirements were known.

2. Approved by C.O.D. 448 of 17th December, 1903.

Disinfecting Station, Kowloon.

3. See the Memorandum on the Estimated Expenditure for 1904. A further addition to the cost of this work was caused by the addition of an office for the Assistant Medical Officer of Health and Inspectors. See Mr. Mar's despatch No. 289 of 13th July, 1904.

4. Government Civil Hospital, Staff Quarters.-$24,000 was placed on the 1901 Estimates in accordance with Mr. CHAMBERLAIN's despatch No. 280 of 15th August, 1900, but the work was never begun. The promise to the Nursing Institute to erect quarters for its two Nurses was redeemed by the grant of $12,000, and the Nursing Institution is now making its own arrangements for housing its 2 Sisters. Additional accommodation for the Civil Hospital Sisters and Probationers is still required. It is met for the present by renting an adjacent house. The Public Works Committee recommended this work on 19th July, 1904.

5. Approved by C.O.D. 395 of 3rd November, 1903. See Memorandum on 1904 Estimates.

522

6. First came on the Estimates in 1901 and plans of the superstructure, begun this year, were forwarded with 1904 Estimates.

7. The superstructure was commenced in 1903 and is making good progress. 8. The Village of Mong-kok-tsui in Kowloon has grown so rapidly that a Market there is a necessity.

9. Plans of Western Market were forwarded last year.

10. The C. O. Telegram of 16th September, 1903, authorised this work. The foundations should be completed in March next year when it is hoped that the superstructure will be rapidly proceeded with.

11. Post Office, Shanghai.-The necessity of improving the very old Post Office building at Shanghai and rendering it suited to cope with increased business was again brought to notice at the end of last year and the plans submitted were through H. B. M. Consul General referred to and approved by the Surveyor to His Majesty's Office of Works. The Postmaster General when recently in Shang- hai satisfied himself of the desirability of the proposed improvements. Plans will be forwarded with the Estimates.

12. Prison.-It has been impossible for various reasons to proceed with this work during the current year.

13. It is proposed to build one Latrine and four Urinals in the City of Victoria next year.

14. See Memorandum on 1904 Estimates.

15. See Memorandum on 1904 Estimates.

16. In 1901 $30,000 was placed on the Estimates for beginning new Head- quarters in the Happy Valley. The total estimated cost was then $60,000 to $68,000. Nothing was done, in view of other urgent works. Similar provision appeared on 1902 Estimates, but the work was not proceeded with. The present provision is- intended to supplement an accumulated balance of some $14,000 in the funds of the Volunteers. The whole sum will be devoted to re-building the Volunteer Headquarters on the existing site which is very conveniently situated.

17. This is one of the works recommended by Mr. CHADWICK in 1902. Vide despatch 199 of 13th May, 1902. Some further gullies still require

reconstruction.

18. The training of Nullahs is steadily proceeding in view of the importance of such work in preventing malaria.

19.

20. Transferred from Recurrent as being more appropriately grouped under Extraordinary. 19 and 21 have been increased in view of probable requirements.

21.

25.

31.)

22. Approved by C.O.D. 122 of 22nd April, 1904.

23. It is anticipated that the smaller vote will suffice.

24. The expenditure this year has unavoidably exceeded the $200,000 to which it was intended to limit it. It is proposed to spend $150,000 next year to maintain the average.

26. To carry out the system of roads sanctioned in C. O. Telegram of 28th October, 1903.

30. The original scheme was approved by C.O.D. 437 of 1901 and the additional cost is involved by the proposals to increase height of dam, etc.,. sanctioned by C.O. Telegram of 17th June, 1904.

32. The vote is to complete the work on the Peak Water Supply. The re- construction of No. 2 Tank has not yet been begun.

33. The vote is to cover cost of dam at No. 4 site of Mr. COOPER's scheme sanctioned in C.O. Telegram of 1st January, 1904.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

Hongkong, 12th September, 1904.

F. H. MAY,

Colonial Secretary.

HONGKONG.

FINANCIAL RETURNS FOR THE YEAR

Laid before the Legislative Council by Comn His Excellency the Officer Administering the G

HONGKONG.

STATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE

Receipts.

Nett Balance, 1st January, 1903,

HEADS OF REVENUE.

1. Light Dues,

2. Licences and Internal Revenue, not

otherwise specified,

3. Fees of Court or Office, Payments for specific purposes and Reimbur- sements in aid,

4. Post Office,

5. Rent of Government Property,

6. Interest,

7. Miscellaneous Receipts,

8. Water Account,

Amount Estimated.

Actual Receipts.

More than Less than Estimated.

Estimated.

·C.

146,086.81-

12,960.00

62,000.00

74,960.00

2,662,100.00 2,849,936.09

187,836.09

299,355.00 352,719.02 53,364.02

385,000.00 414,867.20 29,867.20

656,350.00

615,683.01

600.00

5,964.73

5,364.73

267,890.00178,602.00

250,000.00 235,960.12

TOTAL, exclusive of Land Sales,... 4,583,295.00| 4,728,692.17

9. Land Sales,

350,000.00 510,165.71

289,392.04

160,165.71

Total Revenue,..

4,933,295.00 5,238,857.88

More than Estimated,

មឺន

Payments.

Nett Balance (over paid) 1st Ja

HEADS OF EXPENDITUR

Charge on account of Publie 1 Pensions,

Governor and Legislature,

Colonial Secretary's Departme Audit Department, Treasury,.

Post Office,

Registrar General's Departme: Harbour Master's Department. Light-houses,

40,666.99 Observatory,

Botanical and Afforestation De Legal Departments.

Land Court, New Territory,..

89,288.00 Ecclesiastical,

Education,

14,039.88 Medical Departments,

Bacteriological Department, Magistracy,

Police,

143,994.87 Sanitary Department,.

Charitable Allowances,

449,557.75 143,994.87 143,994.87

305,562.88

Transport,

Miscellaneous Services, Military Expenditure, Public Works Department, Public Works Recurrent,

Deposits Available,

550,000.00

Deposits Available, (Subsidiary Coin),

3,290,000.00

Deposits Not Available,

484,273.00

Crown Agents,

3,715,587.36

Crown Agents Advance,

532,883.23

Advance Account,

Family Remittance,

Subsidiary Coin,

Public Works Extraordinary,.

Total Expenditu

Less than Estima

330,155.09

32,685.30

2.850.000.00

Deposits Available, (Subsidiary

Deposits Available,

Deposits Not Available,

No. 20

1904

HONGKONG.

IAL RETURNS FOR

FOR THE

THE YEAR 1903.

e the Legislative Council by Command of y the Officer Administering the Government.

HONGKONG.

THE TOTAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE IN THE YEAR 1903.

fore than Less than

Estimated.

Payments.

Nett Balance (over paid) 1st Jan., 1903,

HEADS OF EXPENDITURE

Amount Estimated.

Actual

Payments.

More than Estimated.

Less than Estimated.

12,960.00

187,836.09

ន

Charge on account of Public Debt, Pensions,

185,000.00

178,190.81

6,809.19

187,400.00

213,703.08

Governor and Legislature,

82,312.04

83,470.99

26,303.08 1,158.95

Colonial Secretary's Department,

84,634.75 74,147.56

Audit Department,

16,472.45

15,149.23

10,487.19 1,323.22

Treasury,.

47,631.00

48,875.79

1,244.79

...

53,364.02

Post Office,

307,815.13

334,177.40

26,362.27

Registrar General's Department,

33,229.00

35,150.21

1,921.21

29,867.20

Harbour Master's Department, Light-houses,

120,265.00

123,373.51

3,108.51

41,379.00

35,563.01

40,666.99 Observatory, .

23,608.00

22,780.97

Botanical and Afforestation Dept.,

33,070.05

31,924.04

5,815.99 827.03 1,146.01

5,361.73

Legal Departments,

135,505.80

137,622.27

2,116.47

Land Court, New Territory,

39,498.00

39,539.51

1,041.51

89,288.00

Ecclesiastical,

2,400.00

2,000.00

400.00

Education,

148,152.19

130,619.74

17,532.45

14,039.88

Medical Departments,

228,868.81

212,135.88

16,732.93

Bacteriological Department,

19,391.31

12,039.26

7,352.05

Magistracy,

37,340.00

38,046.30

706.30

Police,

659,795.12

650,998.30

8,796.82

289,392.04 143,994.87 Sanitary Department,.

479,667.00

429,106.93

50,560.07

Charitable Allowances,

5,260.00

3,558.00

1,702.00

160,165.71

Transport,

3,000.00

14,848.84

11,848.84

Miscellaneous Services, Military Expenditure,

127,819.00

160,741.63

32,922.63

970,638.08 999,374.08 28,736.00

449,557.75 143,994.87 143,994.87

Public Works Department, Public Works Recurrent,

213,849.50 190,121.12

23,728.38

481,500.00 529,579.98 48,079.98

305,562.88

Public Works Extraordinary,

4,714,501.23 4,746,833.44 185,550.54 153,213.33

931,100.00 649,831.04

281,268,96

Total Expenditure, |-5,645,601:23 5,396,669.48 185,550:54

434,482.29

185,550.5+

Less than Estimated,

248,931.75

Deposits Available, (Subsidiary Coin),

Deposits Available, Deposits Not Available,.

Crown Avents.

2,850,000.00

550,000.00

472,717.99

3.711.028.32

1. Light Dues,

2. Licences and Internal Revenue, not

otherwise specified,

3. Fees of Court or Office, Payments for specific purposes and Reimbur- sements in aid,

62,000.00 74,960.00 12,960.00

2,662,100.00 2,849,936.09 187,836.09

299,355.00 352,719.02

53,364.02

4. Post Office,

385,000.00 414,867.20 29,867.20

5. Rent of Government Property,

656,350.00

615.683.01

6. Interest,

600.00

7. Miscellaneous Receipts,

267,890.00

5,964.73

178,602.00

5,364.73

8. Water Account,

250,000.00 235,960.12

TOTAL, exclusive of Land Sales,... 4,583,295.00 4,728,692.17

9. Land Sales,

289,392.04

350,000.00 510,165.71

160,165.71

Charge on account of Public De Pensions,

Governor and Legislature, Colonial Secretary's Department Audit Department, Treasury,...

Post Office.

Registrar General's Department. Harbour Master's Department, Light-houses,

40,666.99 Observatory,

Botanical and Afforestation Dep Legal Departments,

Land Court, New Territory, ....

89,288.00 Ecclesiastical,

Education,

14,039.88 Medical Departments,

Bacteriological Department, Magistracy,

Police,

143,994.87 Sanitary Department,.

Charitable Allowances,

Transport,

Miscellaneous Services,

Military Expenditure, Public Works Department, Public Works Recurrent,

Total Revenue,.

4,933,295.00 5,238,857.88

449,557.75

143,994.87

More than Estimated,

143,994.87

305,562.88

Deposits Available,

550,000.00

Deposits Available, (Subsidiary Coin),

3,290,000.00

Deposits Not Available,

484,273.00

Crown Agents,

3,715,587.36

Crown Agents Advance,

532,883.23

Advance Account,

$30,155.09

Family Remittance,

Subsidiary Coin,

Money Order,

Suspense House Service,

Exchange,

32,685.30

2,850,000.00

189,240.63

34,447.07

25,495.74

Total,...

17,273,625.30

Total Receipts, with opening Balance,

$ 17,419.712.11

Hongkong, 17th March, 1904.

Public Works Extraordinary,

Total Expenditu

Less than Estim

Deposits Available, (Subsidiar Deposits Available, Deposits Not Available, Crown Agents,

Crown Agents Advance, Crown Agents Bills in transit, Advance Account,

Family Remittance,

Subsidiary Coin,

Money Order,

Suspense House Service, Suspense,

Total Payments,

Nett Balance 31st Dee.

53,364.02

29,867.20

12,960.00

187,836.09

Charge on account of Public Debt, Pensions,

Governor and Legislature,

Colonial Secretary's Department,

Audit Department, Treasury,

Post Office,

Registrar General's Department,

Harbour Master's Department,

185,000.00 178,190.81 187,400.00 213,703.08 82,312.04 83,470.99 84,634.75! 74,147.56

6,809.19

26,303.08

1,158.95

16,472.45

15,149.23

10,487.19 1,323.22

47,631.00 48,875.79

1,244.79

307,815.13

334,177.40

26,362.27

33,229.00

35,150.21

1,921.21

120,265.00

123,373.51

3,108.51

Light-houses,

41,379.00

35,563.01

40,666.99 Observatory,.

23,608,00

22,780.97

Botanical and Afforestation Dept.,

83,070.05

31,924.04

5,815.99 827.03 1,146.01

5,364.73

Legal Departments,

135,505.80

137,622.27

2,116.47

Land Court, New Territory,

39,498.00

39,539.51

1,041.51

89,288.00 Ecclesiastical,

2,400.00

2,000.00

Education,

148,152.19

130,619.74

14,039.88 Medical Departments,

228,868.81

212,135.88

Bacteriological Department,

19,391.31

12,039.26

400.00 17,532.45 16,732.93 7,352.05

Magistracy,

37,340.00

38,046.30

706.30

Police,

659,795.12

650,998.30

289,392.04

143,994.87 Sanitary Department,.

479,667.00

429,106.93

8,796.82 50,560.07

160,165.71

449,557.75 143,994.87

305,562.88

Charitable Allowances,

Transport,

Military Expenditure,

Public Works Department,

143,994.87 Public Works Recurrent,

5,260.00

3,558.00

1,702.00

3,000.00

14,843.84

11,848.84

Miscellaneous Services,

127,819.00

160,741.63

32,922.63

970,638.08

999,374.08

28,736.00!

213,849.50 190,121.12

23,728.38

481,500.00 529,579.98 48,079.98

Public Works Extraordinary,

4,714,501.23 4,746,833.44 185,550.54 153,213.33

931,100.00 649,831.04

281,268,96

Total Expenditure; 5,645,601,235,396,669.48

Less than Estimated,

Deposits Available, (Subsidiary Coin),

2,850,000.00

Deposits Available,

550,000.00

Deposits Not Available,

472,717.99

Crown Agents,

3,711,028.32

Crown Agents Advance,

698,975.69

Crown Agents Bills in transit,

120,000.00

Advance Account,

322,411.16

Family Remittance,

56,886.07

Subsidiary Coin,

2,850,000.00

Money Order,

190,234.94

Suspense House Service,

21,685.25

Suspense,

1,272.38

Total Payments,.....

Nett Balance 31st Dec., 1903,

17,241,881.28

177,830.83

Total,

$17,419,712.11

185,550:54

434,182.29

185,550.54

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Acting Treasurer.

248,931.75

{

213

Statement of Funded Public Debt or Loans borrowed for Fixed Periods outstanding on the 31st December, 1903, and of the Accumulated Sinking Funds at the same date.

Designation of Debt

or Loan.

Legal Authority.

Amount Outstanding.

Hongkong 3% In- Ordinances 1 & 2 £341,799.15.1

scribed Stock.

of 1893.

Hongkong, 10th March, 1904.

SINKING FUNDS.

Amount of Stock, &c.

Cost Price.

Market Value.

矣

s. d.

South Australia, 34% Stock,

1,104.19. 0

Sterling.

New Zealand, 3401

2,468. 3. 2

Western A'tralia, 3

1,877.11. 2

Trinidad,

Gold Coast.

Brit. Guiana,

Queensland,

Cape of G. Hope, 3

Natal,

Victoria,

33%

Advance, Lagos

Government Loan,

Advance-

Sierra Leone,

3,479.11.10

5.13. 5.

£29.652.17.10

5.13. 5

£28,510.14. 5 £

5.13. 5

26.693.14. 2

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Acting Treasurer.

5,000. 0. 0 5,000. 0° 0 2,000. 0. 0 1.784.18.1! 1,763.18.10 168. 1. 6 5,000. 0. 0

1,196. 3. 2

(101) 1.208. 2. 5

2.459. 9. 4 (102) 2.508.13. 1 1.814.18. 4 (87) 1,578,19. 7 4,746.15. O (92) 4.367. 0. 2 4,480.11. 6 (89) 3.987.14. B 1,932.17. 3(91) 1,758.1S, A 1,762. 9.10 (87) 1,533. 7. + 1.736. 4. 5 (88) 1.527.17. 6 161.11.10 (90 ) 145, S. S 4,734. 8. 6 (97) 4,592. 7.10

3,479.11.10

3.479.11.10

s. d.

s, d.

171,940.30

160,000.00

47,697.64

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES,

ON THE 31ST DECEMBER, 1903.

ASSETS.

Balance in Bank,

Deposit in England at call,

Subsidiary Coins,

Advances,

Suspense House Service,.

Profit, Money Order Office,..

2,580.21 Money Order Remittances,

12,000.00 Transit Charges, General Post Office...................

LIABILITIES.

215,732.25 | Military Contribution,

29,079.43

Deposits not available,..

443,026.38

Refund of Taxes,

4,400.00

Officers' Remittances,

261 98

16,156.39

7,000.00

Total Assets,*

Balance,

609,950.40 | Civil Pensions,

22,000.00

亳

62,711.46 Police Pensions,

15,000.00

Public Works,...............

81,814.99

Miscellaneous,...

16,021.27

Balance overdrawn, Crown Agents,

37,901.42

| 672,661.86

TOTAL LIABILITIES, .... $

672,661.86

* Not including Arrears of Revenue amounting to $121,268.00.

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Acting Treasurer.

Hongkong, 11th March, 1904.

214

Summary of Advances and Repayments of Advances for the Year ended 31st December, 1903.

Names.

Balances

1st January, 1903.

Advances during the

year.

Total.

Repayments of Advances during the year.

Balances

011

31st Dec., 1903.

Money Order,

43,144.46

248,695.75

291,540.21

Government of Singapore,

516.50

2,271.75

Supreme Court,

100.00

2,788.25 100.00

261,512.99

(4) 2,975.14 2,178.10

27,352.08

610.15 100.00

Captain Superintendent of Police..

25.00

Praya Reclamatión,

700.00 4,501.31

725.00

700.00

25.00

4,501.31

Crown Solicitor,

200.00

Sanitary Department,

2,500.00

Postmaster General,

20.00

10,722.78

2,500.00 10,742.78

Treasury,

500.00

Public Works Department,

5,500.00

500.00 5,500.00

Private Street Improvements,

2,502.26

2,906.53 Cr. Balance,

í.

H. B. Lethbridge,

14.89

159.96

174.85

155.52

J. R. Crook,.

156.12

160.49

156.12

404.27

14.36

(1)

0.60

191.10

Ada Robertson,

204.26

290.74

495.00

(5) 303.90

1,179.37

Weihaiwei Account,

1,180.13

1.180.13

1 (2)

0.76

R. A. V. Savage,..

T. H. Martin,

82.86 82.86

82.86

E. Schafer,

62.75

L. E. Brett,

W. L. Tett,

1,251.43

139.90

Sir H. Blake,

3,571.43

B. Tanner,

900.00

H. C. Nicolle,

154.55

Passage of Kindall and Wife,

346.87

240.00

106.87

A. C. Langley,

165.71

J. A. McKay,

100.00

Passage of Angus,

588.80

Passage of Lauder,

588.80

Colonial Secretary's Department,

25.00

Bacteriological Department,

60.00

Dr. Keyt,

307.14

District Watchmen's Fund,

5,000.00

Margaret Duncan,

144.51

35.94

(6) 108.57

770.81

Jane Wildey,

991.42

439.87

1,431.29

...

(7) 660.48

Furniture for Government Pavilion,

W. H. Williams,

1,000.00 142.66

1,000.00

200.00

142.66

120.00

800.00 22.66

J. W. Hanson,.........

184.62

B. E. Hanson, Passage Allowance,

Main Roads in Kowloon, Purchase of Portion of ì

Kowloon Inland Lot 1087,.

(3)

500.00 4.25

504.25

2,500.00

J. D. Ball,

H. Garrod,

Electric Tramway Company,

M. T. Edwards,

construction of main thoroughfare,

Praya East Reclamation,

F. Allen,

E. C. Lewis,....

553.31

55.00

498.31

108.78

132.14

133.68

35.00

98.68

Resumption of Kowloon Inland Lot 1012-15 for

24,000.00

13,112.59 183.40 435.58

13,112.59

183.40 435.58

13,112.59 183.40

435.58

59,484.05 322,416.77

381.900.82 334,203.18

48,101.91

(1) Profit in Exchange,...$0.60

(4) Loss in Exchange,...$2,975.14

Less Credit,

404.27

(2)

0.76

(5)

303.90

(3)

4.25

(6)

108.57

(7)

660.48

47,697.64

$5.61

$4,048.09

Hongkong, 14th March, 1904.

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Acting Treasurer.

215

Summary of Deposits and Refunds of Deposits for the year ended 31st December, 1903.

Names.

Balances on

Deposits

1st January, received dur- 1908. ing the year.

Total.

Balance ou

Deposits repaid during | 31st Decem-

the year.

ber, 1903.

Intestate Estate,

Sikh Police Fund,

Police Fine Fund,

Chinese Recreation Ground,

Estate of deceased Policemen,

Tender Deposit,

Post Office Fine Fund, Suitors' Fund,

Widows and Orphans' Fund,

Custom Duties on Parcels,

Praya Reclamation Fund,

Sale of Land,

Medical Department Fine Fund,

Miscellaneous,

Board of Trade,

Gaol Library,

. 3,668.20

Market Caretakers' Securities,

Sanitary Department Fine Fund,

Hongkong, 14th March, 1904.

咲き

1,40°.01

58.05

1,461.06

65.14

4,576.00

1,460.00

1,395.92 5,116.00

404.50

1,467.94

1,872.44

1.082.70

789.74

1,359.82

5,028.02

508.27

4,519.75

197.42 2,700.00 256.00

197.42

37,575.00

40,275.00

38,190.00

81.87

132,499.69

275,993.49

337.87 408,493.18

66.84

2,085.00 271.53

290,341.64

118,151.54

132,388.81

34,807.00

167,195.8i

4,033.35

163,162.46

1,367.05

2,966.62

4.333.67

3,049.77

132,402.99

91,841.02

224,244.01

79,035.29

300.00

87.51 €

3,300.00

3,600.00

3,200.00

19,027.46

90.85 30,886.03

178.36 49,913.49

5.00

48,779.18

1,283.90 145,208.72 400.00 173.36 1,134.31

88.83

2,879.52

2,968.35

2,901.31

67.04

103.90

.103.90

900.00

65.79

431,471.37

484,273.00

915,744.37

........

472,717.99

443,026.38

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Acting Treasurer.

PRAYA RECLAMATION FUND.

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1903.

Total

Estimated

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1895.

1896.

1897.

1898.

1899.

1900.

1901.

1902.

1903. Expenditure. Cost.

Balance

to be spent.

Palance

spent

in Excess

of the

Estimated

Cost,

Pricate Marine Lot Holders.

Section No. 1,*.

7,128 +1

Do. No. 2,

55,887.63

46,753.18

33.245.99

1o. No. 3,

6,051.44

Do.

No. 4.

3,113.67

Do. No. 5.

5,004.19

Do. No. 6.

7,870.47

Do. No. 7.

42,019,54 43,791.64| 24,984.84 14,086.90| 24,596.23 | 29,091.12. 32,355.42 29,025.13| 16,322.59 31,256,52 | 29,976.01

63.3:8.02

35,455.12 6.202.29 5,754.83

34,580.26 49,612.81 11,705.77 10,903.57 6,548.41 2,343.63 2,205.13 2,658.99 2.135.99 48,599.71 65,661 55 | 112,573.89 | 33,075.47| 31,593.99; 36,697.68 43,961.02| 25,030.76 14,247.88 4,206.01 3,892.45 4,663.93 3,909.14

1,822.21 7,019.62 7,063.89 55,691.67 6,377.75 31,946.66 28,704.10 7,998.26 39,144.85 11,964.17

6,552.99 2,745.75 1,545.07

9,187.60 11,215.46 3,428.36 8,670.52| 63,670.23 62.780,32 14,169.36 15.581.31 49,058.88 58,331.35 12,793.76 5,230.11 3,094.12

14,630.92| 27,669 30 21,788 35 31,817.59| 77,925.38

434,710.58

428,260.67

11.449.91

262,240.42

251,176 20

11,064.22

484,164.02

459,878.56

25,213.64

211,690 65

227,392.11

15,701.46

325,215.57

329,686.00

4470,43

5,666.04| 53,029.15 57,374.26 29,767.10 | 50,382.14 52,327.67 52,553.60 67,275.01 | 35,341.07 47,505.71 22,053.48 523,451.92 9,600.81 51,701.26 12,423.70

44,519.27| 27,309.82 | -27,919.28† 7,630.77 3,516.38 5,422.41 3,049,55

523.788.60

336.68

308,938.27

316,268.44

7,330.17

106,850.19 204,450.45 332,908.10 111,032.85 240,561.81 272,503.71228,333.44 233,308.93 198,358,66 205,164.46 | 134,060.12

80,449.13

99,483.42 65,763.36 | 2,500,112.33 | 2,530,950.58 53.052.38 22,514.13

216

Government.

Section No. 4.

Do. No. 5,

Do. No. 6,

Do. No. 7.

443.53 1,260.26 814.38 303.87 233.81

1,003.11! 774.39

1.418.47 2 520.24 4,213.30 2,119.82 544.73 637.44 755.45 1,400.02 32,304.19 | 48,472.28 | 111,086.04 12,473.23| 10,156.55 5,709.57

5,661.37

3.290.36 9.727.49 5.464.26 4,678.83 1,406.59

11,741.06

1,697.95 16,858.62 18,515.52 | ‡ 3,430.13 2,811.06 1,036.00 1,541.61 3,337.25 1,094.88 | 5,888.25 8.925.85 6,747.30 4,585.20 12,954.74 3,393.29 8,005.03 2,178.41 2,827.40 2,818.70 2.900.13

1.107.12

442.73

1,135.21

258.49

€75 91

3,253 24

2,746.98

35.098.39

38.734.40

3,641.01

65,422.02

67,194.90

1,772 88

41,877.01

258.026.57

46,818.00

4,940.96

259.218.77

6,192.20

Total,

34,921.64

53,206.92 | 118,679:42 | 14,324.94 11,802.19 | 18,171.01 36,819.23 28,536.42 9,761.28 24,486,58 16,589.97

11,322.38 | 11,225.37

6,944.62

395,419.02 411,966.07 16,547.05

Grand Total,.$

71.83 | 257,657,37 451,487.52|128,357.79|252,364.00|290,674.72 | 265,152.67|261,845,35|| 208,119.91|229,651,04|150,650.09| 91,771,51 | 110,708.79 72,707.98 2,895,831.35|2,942,916,65

69,599,43 | 22,514.13

Hongkong, 16th March, 1904.

*This includes Marine Lots Nos. 184, 188, 189 R., which belong to the Government.

Expenditure, Less Transfers,

$21,242.23

36,958.53

Expenditure, Less Transfers,

..$ 8,486,01

9,858.96

Cr. Balance,....

$15,716.30

Cr. Balance.

$ 1,372.95

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Acting Treasurer.

دیگر

HONGKONG.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH ESTIMATES 1905.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES,

ON THE 31ST DECEMBER, 1903.

ASSETS.

Balance in Bank,

No. 38

1904

LIABILITIES.

215,732.25 Military Contribution,

29,079.43

Deposit in England at call,

171,940.30 Deposits not available,.

443,026.38

Subsidiary Coins,

Advances,

Suspense House Service......

Profit, Money Order Office,..

Total Assets,*

Balance,

160,000.00

Refund of Taxes,

4,400.00

47,697.64 Officers' Remittances,

261.98

2,580.21 Money Order Remittances,

16,156.39

12,000.00 Transit Charges, General Post Office,......

7,000.00

609,950.40 Civil Pensions,

22,000.00

62,711.46

Police Pensions,

15,000.00

Public Works,.

81,814.99

Miscellaneous...

16,021.27

Balance overdrawn, Crown Agents,

37,901.42

Hongkong, 11th March, 1904.

672,661.86

TOTAL LIABILITIES,......

672,661.86

* Not including Arrears of Revenue amounting to $121,268.00.

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Treasurer.

514

ESTIMATED BALANCE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES ON 1ST DECEMBER, 1904.

Ordinary Revenue, 1904,

Land Sales,

Ordinary Expenditure, 1904,

Public Works Extraordinary,

Estimated Arrears, 1904,

Balance of Liabilities, 1903,

Balance of Assets on 31st December, 1904,

.$6,263,391.00 500,000.00

-$6,763,391.00

.$5,091,701.00 1,534,344.00

6,626,045.00

Credit Balance,....

. 137,346.00

$133,000.00 62,711.00

70,289.00

207,635.00

Hongkong, 5th September, 1904.

Dr.

ESTIMATED LOAN ACCOUNT, 1904.

To Inscribed Stock Loan at 32% interest,

to be paid off on the 15th April, 1943, £341,799.15.1 By Sinking Fund,

LOAN ACCOUNT, 1903.

To Inscribed Stock Loan at 34% interest,

to be paid off on the 15th April, 1943, £341,799.15.1

1943,

By Sinking Fund,

Hongkong, 5th September, 1904.

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Treasurer.

Cr.

£32,834.11.0

£28,524.0.0

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Treasurer.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE ACTING SUPERINTENDENT OF FIRE BRIGADE,

FOR THE YEAR 1903,

No. 12

1904

AT.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

FIRE BRIGADE DEPARTMENT,

HONGKONG, 30th January, 1904.

SIR,--I have the honour to submit the following report on the Government Fire Brigade, for the year 1903.

2. There were 49 Fires and 55 Incipient Fires during the year, as against 76 and 95 in 1902. The Brigade turned out 60 times during the year.

The estimated damage caused by Fires was $248,000 and by Incipient Fires $2,704.

3. There was only an intermittent supply of water in the mains. from 1st January to 6th May, and from 21st December to 31st December, during which period sea water was used as much as possible in order to save the fresh water.

4. One serious Fire occurred, during the period of intermittent water supply, on 4th April at No. 271, Queen's Road West, where five houses were wholly des- troyed, and the total damage was estimated at $20,000 most of which was covered by insurance.

5. Three Fires occurred in the Harbour during the year.

6. A case of attempted arson was discovered at No. 205, Queen's Road West on the morning of the 18th April by P.C. 262, WONG Ü, who raised an alarm and with the assistance of the occupants of the ground floor extinguished the Fire before much damage was done. The master of the tailor's shop on the 1st floor and his wife were prosecuted for arson. The two defendants were found guilty and sen- tenced to seven years' and six months' imprisonment with hard labour respectively at the Criminal Sessions.

7. I attach a list of places where Fire Despatch Boxes are kept and of private telephones to which the Police have access in the event of a Fire. I also enclose a copy of a report by the Engineer on the state of the Fire Engines, which are all in good order.

8. A Fire Escape arrived from England on the 17th November and is stationed at West Point.

9. The conduct of the Brigade has been good.

10. The Superintendent of the Brigade, Mr. BADELEY, left for England on leave on 18th March, since when I acted for him. Mr. WODEHOUSE acted as Assistant Superintendent up to 30th November and Mr. HALLIFAX from the 1st December.

Chief Inspector BAKER, was appointed 2nd Assistant Superintendent on the 18th April in succession to Chief Inspector MACKIE, who retired on pension.

I regret to record the death of Mr. ROBERTSON, the Assistant Engineer, which took place on the 25th July. He was a very useful officer, and his death occasioned a great loss to the Brigade.

Sergeant MCSWAYED acted as Assistant Engineer up to 15th September, and Sergeant McDONALD since that date.

11. It has been suggested by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government that there should be an annual competition. This should give a zest to the drills and tend towards smartness and efficiency.

12. An Assistant Engineer, with practical Fire Brigade experience, is expected from England this year.

This appointment should be of great advantage to the Brigade.

13. A new Fire Brigade Station is much to be desired. The present one is too small for the increased requirements, and its position in a busy thoroughfare, hampers the home drills and causes obstruction. A new and convenient site has been suggested, but will not be available for some time.

14. Ordinance No. 1 of 1903, Section 149, necessitates the provision of Fire Escape for all new houses (and for previously existing buildings in three years) for every storey more than forty feet from the ground.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

I have, &c.,

F. W. LYONS,

Acting Superintendent, Fire Brigade.

List of Places where Fire Brigade Despatch Boxes are kept.

1 Box. No. 1 Police Station.

3 Boxes. Engine House at No. 2 Police

Station.

1 Box. Naval Dock Yard.

Clock Tower.

Government Offices.

Government House.

2 Boxes. No. 7 Police Station.

1 Box. Bonham Strand West, at West

No. 7, Queen's Garden, Royal 1

Engineers' Mess.

Central Police Station.

Wellington Street at Lyndhurst

Terrace.

Government Civil Hospital.

Staunton Street at Sing Wong

Street.

Water Lane at Queen's Road

Central.

End.

Gas House, West Point.

Fat Hing Street, at Queen's

Road West.

Ko Shing Theatre.

Government Lunatic Asylum.

2 Boxes. Nam Pak Hong Fire Station,

Man Mo Temple.

2 Boxes. No. 5 Police Station.

.1 Box.

1 Box.

Kennedy Town Hospital. Collinson Street.

No. 463, Queen's Road West.

List of Telephones to which the Police can have access to communicate with Central Station in the event of a Fire breaking out.

Hongkong and China Gas Company, East

and West Point, from 7 A.M. to 9 P.M. Tung Wá Hospital, Po Yan Street. Man On Insurance Office, Queen's Road,

West.

Clock Tower.

Hongkong Hotel, Praya Central. Royal Naval Yard, Queen's Road East. Mr. J. KENNEDY's, Causeway Bay. Electric Light Company, Queen's Road

East.

Fire Alarms.

Harbour Master's Office at Wing Lok Street. Hollywood Road at Queen's Road West. Wilmer Street at Des Voeux Road West.

(Enclosure.)

HONGKONG, 20th January, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward the Annual Report on the state of the Government Fire Engines, for the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

STEAMER No. 1.

Floating Fire Engine (by Shand & Mason).

This Engine has been 6 years in service, and was docked in August, 1903, for regular annual overhaul.

The hull, machinery and boiler are all in good order and condition.

STEAMER NO. 2.

Land Engine (by Shand & Mason).

This Engine has been 25 years in service (boiler 6 years old). It has been regularly used and tested at drill for drivers and fires, was overhauled in October, and is now in good order and condition.

STEAMER No. 3.

Land Engine (by Shand & Mason).

This Engine has been 21 years in service, was regularly used and tested at drill for drivers, was thoroughly overhauled during the year, and is now in good order and condition.

STEAMER NO. 4.

Land Engine (by Shand & Mason).

This Engine has been 22 years in service, was regularly used and tested at drill for drivers, overhauled in October, and is now in good order and condition.

STEAMER No. 5.

Land Engine (by Shand & Mason).

This Engine has been 17 years in service, was regularly used and tested at drill for drivers during the year, overhauled in October, and is now in good order and condition.

All the Manual and Gear, Hose, Reels, Ladders and Supply Carts, have been kept in repair and are now in good order and condition.

I have, &c.,

D. MACDONALD, Engineer, Fire Brigade.

•

FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1903.

NO. OF BUILDINGS DESTROYED.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

--- 88 --

Overheating of flue, Unknown,.

Overheating of flue, Accident,

Overheating of chimney,. Unknown,

Supposed to have been caused by some coolies smoking.

Not insured.

Part of cargo was insured.

The matsheds were the property of the Government.

Not insured.

Do.

Damage covered by insurance.

Not insured.

Do.

Damage covered by insurance.

Do.

Damage mostly covered by insurance. Damage partly covered by insurance. The dead body of a Chinese male, age about 18, was found charred on the 1st floor.

Damage covered by insurance.

Do.

Extinguished by the crew and Dock employees.

Insured.

Do.

Not insured.

Insured.

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE:

DAMAGE.

Wholly. Partly.

1 January

2.45 p.m.

House No. 26 Sai Kung Road, Kowloon City,

$ 10,000.00

Accident,

9.25 a.m.

On board Passage Boat (S. 275 H.) in Victoria Harbour,.

9,500.00-

Unknown,.

3 p.m.

A matshed in Des Voeux Road,

matsheds

1,200.00

Do.

5 a.m.

House No. 6, Shan Ki Wan East,

100.00

Accident,

5 February 5

9.20 p.m.

House No. 64, Sai Tan, Kowloon City,

80.00

Do.

12.45 p.m.

House No. 371, Queen's Road Central,

1,500.00

Do.

1a.m.

House No. 27, Gage Street,

400.00

10.30 p.m.

House No. 14, Wang Street, Kowloon City,

300.00

2 a.m.

House No. 7, Tung Loi Lane,

5,000.00

Do,

10 March

2 p.m.

House No. 326, Des Voeux Road,

500.00

8 p.m.

House No. 3, On Tai Lane,

12,000.00

12 April

2.52 a.m.

Honse No. 271, Queen's Road West,

20,000.00

Unknown,

11.20 p.m.

House No. 19, Circular Pathway,

7,000.00

Accident,

456

782

8.40 a.m.

1.10 a.m.

3.30 p.m.

On board S. S. Olympia in Victoria Harbour, House No. 324, Queen's Road Central, ...... On board S. S. Hyades in Hunghom Dock,

15,000.00

Unknown,

}

20,000.00

Accident,

3,000.00

Unknown,

1.50 a.m.

House No. 12, Fat Hing Street,

6,000.00

Do.

8.30 a.m.

House No. 1, Belcher Street,

500.00

11 a.m.

20 May

12.50 a.m.

House No. 19, Ha Wo Tsai Village, Sha Tin, House No. 94, Bonham Strand East,

100.00

8,000.00

Carried forward,

120,180.00

FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1903,-Continued.

NO. OF BUILDINGS DESTROYED.

- 89-

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

DAMAGE.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

Wholly. Partly.

Brought forward,

$ 120,180.00

May

8.30 p.m.

A matshed at Kennedy Town near the Plague Hospital,

3 matsheds 1 matshed

5,000.00

Accident,

10 11.45 p.m.

2.10 a.m.

House No. 127, Connaught Road Central, ... House No. 11a, Aberden Street,

12,000.00

Unknown,

300.00

Do.

...

2.15 a.m.

House No. 208, Queen's Road West,...

200.00

Do.

12.40 a.m.

House No. 38, Second Street,

1,300.00

June

1.40 a.m.

House No. 10, Circular Pathway,

200.00

Unknown,

...

1.20 a.m.

House No. 9, Hillier Street,....

14,000.00

2 a.m.

5 p.m.

A large matshed on Korn Hill, Quarry Bay, 1 matshed A large matshed on Harleck Road, between Victoria Gap and Green Mount,

200.00

1 matshed

400.00

2.15 p.m.

3.20 a.m.

A matshed in the Ship Yard at Quarry Bay, 2 matsheds House No. 103, Jervois Street,

500.00

Accident,

1,000.00

...

4 p.m.

A large matshed in the Ship Yard at Quarry Bay,

1 matshed

300.00

Overheating some of charcoal

chatties,

Overheating of a drying stove, Upsetting of a Kerosine lamp,]

Carelessness while smoking,

Overheating of a drying stove,

Accident,

¡A large timber yard was burnt. Dam- age partly covered by insurance. Insured. One boy burned to death. Not insured.

Do.

· Do.

Not insured.

Insured.

Not insured.

Insured.

Not insured.

Insured.

2 p.m.

A matshed in the Ship Yard at Quarry Bay,

34 July

7.20 p.m.

House No. 32, Gough Street,

600.00

Do.

...

2,000.00

Unknown,

Insured.

35 August 9

5.45 p.m.

House No. 80A, Queen's Road West,

1,000.00

Do.

36 September 2

5.15 p.m.

House No. 4, Yu Hing Lane,

1,200.00

Unknown,

Do.

12.15 p.m.

A boat-building matshed at Cheung Sha Wan, 4 matsheds

2,000.00

Do.

Not insured.

October

6.10 p.m.

House No. 1, Lung On Street,

250.00

...

Sparks from a chimney,

Do.

39*

3.30 a.m.

A matshed at Cheung Sha Wan,

1 matshed

400.00

Unknown,

Do.

8.30a.m. A stack of grass on the foreshore at Hung-

Hom West,

3 Brass

stacks

300.00

Do.

Carried forward,

163,330.00

FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1903—Continued.

NO. OF BUILDINGS DESTROYED.

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

DAMAGE.

CAUSE.

Wholly. Partly.

November 5

7 a.m.

Brought forward,

On board the Trading Junk "Kwong Mun'

in Victoria Harbour,.

$163,330.00

17,000,00

Unknown,

11.45 p.m.

House No. 10, Sai On Lane,

50,000.00

Do.

7.30 p.m.

House No. 391, Chung Chow,

100.00

Do.

...

11.15 p.m.

House No. 132, Queen's Road East,

9,000.00

Accident,

December 4

11.30 p.m.

House No. 3, Wyndham Street,

...

60.00

Do.

1.15 a.m.

Police Station at Kowloon City,.

350.00

Do.

2.45 p.m.

A matshed at Kowloon Tong,

matsheds

160.00

11 a.m.

House No. 197, Hollywood Road,

1.10 a.m.

House No. 47, Kramer Street, Tai Kok Tsui,'

2,000.00

6,000.00

Unknown,

Do.

Total,

$248,000.00

Not insured.

Insured.

Not insured.

Insured.

Do.

Not insured.

Do.

Insured.

Do.

REMARKS.

F. W. LYONS,

Acting Superintendent, Fire Brigade.

-- 90 --

کچھ

No.

DATE.

TIME.

INCIPIENT FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1903.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

DAMAGE.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

123

1 January 7

12.15 a.m.

Central Police Station,

$ 100.00

Unknown,

8 p.m.

House No. 189, Queen's Road, Central,

30.00

Do.

12.05 a.m.

On board Cargo Boat No. 238, in Victoria

Harbour,

Triffing.

Accident,

8.20 p.m.

House No. 8, Queen's Road Central,

Do.

6.15 p.m.

Coal house at Yau Ma Ti Police Station,

5.00

Exploding of bombs,

5.15 a.m.

9 p.m.

House No. 26, Temple Street, Yau Ma Ti, A grass stack at Hung Hom West,

4.00

Accident,

15.00

Do.

12.30 a.m.

House No. 51, Praya East,

2.00

Do.

9 February 3

3.30 p.m.

House No. 1, First Street,

12.00

Do.

9 p.m.

Hillside above Ty Tam Reservoir,

Grass on fire,

p.m.

Hillside West of Ty Tam Tuk Village,

Do.

...

7.40 p.m.

Hillside above Ty Tam Tuk Village,

Do.

10.05 p.m.

House No. 10, Mercer Street,

Accident,

2 p.m.

House No. 27, Gage Street,

12.30 p.m.

House No. 206, Hollywood Road,

16 March

3.30 p.m.

House No. 14, Sai Wo Lane,

12.35 a.m.

House No. 375, Queen's Road Central,

200.00

Unknown,.

Chimney on fire,

Do.

Overheating of flue,!..

Extinguished by men in the Barracks. Extinguished by Firemen from No. 5 Station.

Extinguished by boat people. Extinguished by the occupants. Extinguished by Police.

Put out by Police and inmates. Put out by Police and fokis. Put out by Police and inmates. Put out by inmates.

Burnt itself out.

About 400 trees were damaged. Burnt itself out.

Put out by Police and inmates.

Put out by Police.

Put out by Police and inmates.

Do.

30.

5.30 p.m.

House No. 9, Gage Street,

200.00

Do.

2 222*

19 April

4 p.m.

House No. 205, Queen's Road West,

8.21 p.m.

House No. 57, Wellington Street,

* * *

2.40 a.m.

23 10.20 p.m.

27 12.30 a.m.

House No. 67, Battery Street, Yau Ma Ti, Chy Loong Bakery, No. 111, Wanchai Road, House No. 366, Queen's Road West,

20.00

1,000.00

5.00 Attempted arson,

Upsetting of a kerosine lamp,

Unknown,

Overheating of an oven,

4.00 Accident,

Do.

Put out by Police and inmates. One man and a woman were convicted at the Criminal Sessions of the Supreme Court.

Put out by Police and inmates.

Put out by Firemen from Yau Ma Ti. Extinguished by Firemen.

Put out by Police and inmates.

Carried forward,

$1,597.00

--- 91 -—

CAUSE.

INCIPIENT FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1903,-Continued.

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

DAMAGE.

REMARKS.

2 —

Brought forward,

1,597.00

24 May

5 12.10 a.m.

House No. 112, Queen's Road West,

5.00

Accident,

3.15 a.m.

House No. 111, Wanchai Road,

70.00

4.30 p.m.

American Match Factory, No. 26, Des Voeux Road,

100.00

27 June

4.50 p.m.

House No. 38, Second Street,

11.30 p.m.

House No. 28, Eastern Street,

29 July

10.30 a.m.

Some matting on the vacant ground in front of the Harbour Office,

11.30 p.m.

On board Steam Launch "Mit Sui" in Victoria Harbour,

Trifling.

11.45 p.m.

House No. 9, Shui Hing Lane,

8.30 p.m.

House No. 218, Hollywood Road,

33 August

10 p.m.

7.20 p.m.

House No. 254, Des Voeux Road Central, House No. 199, Winglok Street,

Trifling

Do.

9.10 p.m.

House No. 30, Lan Kwai Fong,

36 September 9

2 p.m.

House No. 166, Queen's Road West,

9 p.m.

House Nos. 1 & 2, Mountain View,

6.25 p.m.

House No. 142, Hollywood Road,

10.10 p.m.

House No. 39, Nullah Lane,

October 12

3.15 p.m.

House No. 51, Wellington Street,

12.35 p.m.

House No. 288, Des Voeux Road,

Trifling.

Do.

7.30 a.m.

45 November 2

Midnight.

House No. 64, Queen's Road Central, Godown No. 99, Praya East,

...

Chimney on fire,

25.00

Overheating of coal,

6.15 a.m.

House No. 3, New Street,

Chimney on fire,

11 a.m.

House No. 77, Wellington Street,

Do.

Overheating of an oven,

Overheating of matches,

Unknown,

700.00 | Overheating of tea and medicine,

Unknown,.

Some of the woodwork of bunker being ignited from heat of the boiler, Upsetting of a kerosine lamp, Do.

Overheating of flue,

Exploding of a kerosine lamp, Chimney on fire,

Do.

$ 30.00 Overheating of flue,

2.00

Upsetting of a kerosine lamp, Do.

Unknown,

Put out by the inmates.

Put out by Police and Firemen.

Put out by Police and occupants.

Put out by the inmates.

{

Do.

Put out by the Police with the assistance of bystanders.

Put out by Police and crew. Put out by Police and occupants. Do.

Put out by the inmates. Put by inmates and Police. Put out by inmates and Police. Put out by inmates and Firemen. Put out by occupants and Police.

Do.

Put out by Police and District Watchmen. Put out by Police and inmates.

Do.

Put out by the inmates.

Put out by Police and Fire Brigade. Put out by Police.

Do.

8.39 p.m.

On board Steam Launch

Wing Fuk" in

Carried forward,

2,529.00

}

INCIPIENT FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1903,-Continued.

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

DAMAGE.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

Brought forward,

2,529.00

Victoria Harbour,

10.00

Unknown,

47 November 9

5.50 p.m.

House No. 14, Chinese Street,

5 p.m.

House No. 3, New Market Street,

130.00

2.45 p.m.

House No. 1, Hollywood Road,

9.55 p.m.

House No. 32, Queen's Road West,

Do.

51 December 4

5 p.m.

House No. 127, Wellington Street,

20.00

Unknown,

6 p.m.

House No. 146, Peel Street,

Chimney on fire,

11 p.m.

House No. 12, Graham Street,

Do.

8 p.m.

House No. 12, Shau Ki Wan,

10.00 | Accident,

4 p.m.

Hillside east of Paper Mills,

Grass on fire,

Exploding of a kerosine lamp, Accident,

5.00 Chimney on fire,

Put out by Firemen of the Brigade. Put out by inmates.

Put out by inmates and watchmen. Put out by the inmates.

Put out by inmates and Police.

Put out by inmates and Firemen. Put out by Police.

Put out by inmates.

Put out by Police and inmates.

Put out Police and hired coolies.

Total,

$2,704.00

F. W. LYONS,

Acting Superintendent of Fire Brigade.

— 93 —

NO. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE ACTING SUPERINTENDENT OF VICTORIA GAOL, FOR THE YEAR 1903,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

VICTORIA GAOL, 30th January, 1904.

SIR,I have the honour to submit, for the information of the Officer Adminis- tering the Government, the report on the Victoria Gaol, for the year 1903.

2. The number of prisoners admitted to the Gaol under sentences of the Ordinary Courts was 7,144, besides 74 soldiers and sailors sentenced by Court Martial. There were also 55 persons imprisoned for debt, making a total of 7,273 — an increase on the previous year of 1,285.

3. The corresponding numbers for the preceding year were respectively :

Convicted by the Ordinary Courts,

Court Martial...

Debtors,

Total including 760 old offenders,........

..5,786 149

.5.988

4. The following statement shows the number of prisoners received into Gaol under sentence of imprisonment with or without the option of a fine, and the num- ber of those who obtained their release by paying the fine after admission into prison:-

Imprisonment in default of payment of fine.

Year. Total.

Imprisonment without the option of a fine.

Served the

Total.

Paid full fine.

Paid part

Imprisonment.

fine.

1903 6,227

2,794

3,433

2,237

607

589

5. The number of prisoners committed to Gaol for offences not of a criminal nature was 2,500 made up as follows:

Committed under the Prepared Opium Ordinance,

747

Market Arms

294

Vehicle

Sanitary Bye-laws,

140

Harbour Regulations,

for Drunkenness,

Trespassing,

Disorderly Conduct,

607

Gambling,

351

Contempt of Court,

Destitutes,

Total,......

.2,500

The percentage of all offenders to the total number of admissions was 15.92, as compared with 11.30 for the year 1902. This shews an increase in the number of recidivists- of whom 877 had one previous conviction, 178 had two, and 103 had three. An improved and up-to-date system of identification to be inaugurated this year will probably indicate a greater number of re-convictions.

6. There were 16 deaths and 2 executions during the year, and 41 prisoners were released on medical grounds.

7. There were 79 juveniles admitted to the Goal during the year, 50 of whom were sentenced to 48 or 24 hours detention and to be whipped or to be whipped and discharged, and the remainder to various terms of imprisonment.

8. There were 1,530 punishments for breaches of Prison discipline being an average of 2.1 per prisoner, as compared with 1,971 with an average per prisoner of 3.42 for the preceding year There were 8 cases in which corporal punishment was awarded during the year, 5 of which were (with the birch rod) sentenced by the Assistant Superintendent alone, and 3 (with the cat-o'-nine-tails) sentenced by the same officer in conjunction with a Justice of the Peace. Notwithstanding the overcrowded state of the Gaol during the year, the averge number of reports has been the lowest on record and speaks well for the maintenance of discipline throughout the Prison.

9. The following Table shows the number of convicts confined in the Gaol on the 31st December, for the past six years:--

1898, 1899,

....

1900,

1901,

1902,

1903,

141

180

215

245

10. The following figures show the daily average number of prisoners confined in the Gaol during the past ten years:-

1894,

1895,

1896,

1897,

1898,

1899,

1900,

1901,

1902, 1903,

455

472

514

462

511

432

486

499

576

653

11. It will be observed that there has been an absolute increase during the year under report, the numbers being higher than any previous year, consequently the Gaol has been very much overcrowded. As a mean of relieving the congested state of the Gaol pending the erection of a Convict Prison, the Belilios Reformatory was fitted up as a temporary prison, and short sentence prisoners are now located in that building.

12. The following descriptions of labour are carried on:--

Printing.

Book-binding.

Carpentering.

Tinsmithing.

Bootmaking.

Knitting.

Painting and Whitewashing. Mat-making.

Washing.

Oakum-picking.

13. The appliances in case of fire are sufficient and in good order.

14. The discipline of the Gaol has been steadily maintained. The conduct of the staff has been good.

15. Mr. F. J. BADELEY, Superintendent of Victoria Gaol, proceeded to England in March, when I assumed the duties of Superintendent of the Gaol.

16. Dr. J. C. THOMSON left the Colony on leave in September, and was succeeded by Dr. W. V. M. Kоch as Medical Officer to the Gaol.

17. Mr. R. H. CRAIG, the Assistant Superintendent, went on leave to Europe on the 9th of December. Mr. C. D. MELBOURNE took over the duties from him.

I append the usual returns.

I have, &c.,

F. W. LYONS,

Acting Superintendent.

The Honourable

The COLONIAL SECRETARY.

VICTORIA GAOL.

Return showing the Expenditure and Income for the Year 1903.

Expenditure.

Amount.

Income.

Amount.

Pay and Allowances of Officers, in-

75,327.56

Earnings of prisoners,

31,488.61

cluding uniforms, &c.,.....

Victualling of prisoners,..

18,623.69

Paid by Military for subsistence of

Military prisoners,

972,90

Fuel, light, soap and dry earth,

niture, material for remunera- tive industry, &c.,

8,180.66

Paid by Navy for subsistence of

1,069.20

Clothing of prisoners, bedding, fur-

Naval prisoners,

6,007.69 Debtors' subsistence,

439.75

Consulate subsistence,

Waste food sold,..

45.00

Forfeiture,.

121.18

Actual cost of prisoners' maintenance, 74,002.96

Total,

$108,139.60

Total,

Average Annual Cost per prisoner, $113.33.

108,139.60

(A.)

Return of Reports for talking, idling, short oakum-picking, &c., for the years

1899, 1900, 1901, 1902 and 1903.

1899.

1900.

MONTH.

Daily average Daily average

1901. Daily average

1902.

Daily average

number in Prison, 434.

number in Prison, 486.

number in

Prison, 499.

Prison, 576.

1903. Daily average number in Prison, 653.

January,

164

117

February,

126

March,

127

113

103

April,

192

214

134

August,

May, June, July,

September,

224

134

124

138

162

105

100

163

166

121

159

140

114

108

127

158

October,

November,

December,

Total,

1.284

1,413

1,819

1,234

1,180

201

162

133

163

135

156

101

142

127

161

(B.)

Return of Offences reported of Prisoners fighting with or assaulting each other, or officers,

for the years 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903.

MONTH.

1899. Daily average number in Prison, 434.

1900. Daily average number in Prison, 486.

1901.

Daily average

1902. Daily average

1903. Daily average

number in

Prison, 499. | Prison, 576.

Prison, 653.

January, February,

March,

...

April, May, June, July, August,

2254

September,..

October,

November,

December,

6720

437

24 NO CO LO

00 00 00 =>

Total,

•

}

(C.)

Return of Offences of Prisoners having Tobacco, for the years 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903.

MONTH,

1900.

1899. Daily average Daily average

number in Prison, 486.

number in

Prison, 434.

1901.

Daily average number in Prison, 499.

1902.

Daily average number in Prison, 576.

1903. Daily average number in Prison, 653.

......

January, February, March,

April,

....

May, June,

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

HOZ →

CTN NIIN N∞ — 00 00

122

HANN NO

...

Total,.

(D.)

Abstract of Industrial Labour, Victoria Gaol, for

OAKUM.

the

year 1903.

Dr.

1903. To Stock on hand, 1st Ja-

Cr.

1903. By Oakum sold during the

nuary,

$1,100.00

Cost of Paper Stuff pur- chased during the year,...

year,.. Stock on hand, 31st De-

$4,690.67

3,408.01

cember,

627.00

Profit,..........

809.66

Total,. .$ 5,317.67

COIR.

Total,...

5,317.67

1903. To stock on hand, 1st Ja-

nuary,

Cost of Material pur-

1903.

$ 435.74

the year,

By Matting, &c., sold during

Articles made for Gaol

$2,892.85

chased during the year,...

Profit.....

1,379.80

use,

164.91

Stock on hand, 31st De-

1,724.44

cember,

482.22

Total,.... ...$ 3,539.98

Total,

3,539.98

Dr.

1903. To Stock on hand, 1st Ja-

NET-MAKING.

nuary,

$ 8.36

Cost of Material pur-

chased during the year,

17.50

Profit,

44.86

Total,.

70.72

1903. By Nets and Nettings sold

Cr.

and repaired,

$ 58.74

Stock on hand, 31st

December,..

11.98

Total,..

70.72

TAILORING.

1903. To Stock on hand, 1st Ja-

1903. By Articles sold and repaired,

$ 59.44

nuary,

$ 385.15

Cost of Material pur-

Work done for Gaol,......

2,291.93

chased during the year,

1,850.57

د,

Profit,..

311.21

Stock on hand, 31st De- cember,

195.56

Total,... $ 2,546.93

Total,........... .$ 2,546.93

PRINTING AND BOOK-BINDING.

1903. To Stock on hand, 1st Ja-

nuary,

Cost of Material and Ma-

chinery purchased during

the year...

Profit,....

By Articles sold and repaired, $23,587.50

1903.

$8,530.73

4,938.00

19,574.27

Book-binding,

Stock on hand, 31st De- cember,

4,029.00

5,426.50

Total,..... .$ 33,043.00

1903. To Stock on hand, 1st Jan-

uary,

Cost of Material purchased

during the year,

Profit,...

WASHING.

Total,.........$ 33,043.00

1903. By Washing done for Prison, Government Civil Hos- pital and Police Officers at 2 cents per piece, Washing Prisoners' Cloth- ing at 2 cents per piece, Stock on hand, 31st De-

$ 16.57

1,825.92

8,191.37

cember,

$4,503.86

5,020.00

10.00

Total,.........$ .9,533.86

Total,.........S

9,533.86

Dr.

1903.

To Stock on hand, 1st Jan-

uary,

Cost of Material purcha-

sed during the year,

RATTAN WORK.

Cr.

1903. By Articles sold during the

0 55

year,

$$$$

10.77

Articles made for Gaol-

19.29

use,

20.84

16.64

Stock on hand, 31st De-

cember,

4.87

Profit.

Total,......$

36.48

TIN-SMITHING.

1903. To Stock on hand, 1st Jan-

uary,

Cost of Material purcha-

sed during the year,

2.40

...

55.49

121.87

Profit,.

Total,. ...$

180.76

Total,......$

36.48

1903. By Work done for outside,... $ 27.70

Work done for Gaol,...........

148.43

Stock on hand, 31st De-

cember,

4.63

Total,. .S

180.76

uary,

1903. To Stock on hand, 1st Jan-

during the year,

S 58.69

Cost of Material purchased

CARPENTRY.

1903. By Articles sold and repaired

during the year,

Work done for Gaol,

$ 120.99 410.97

304.02

232.61

Stock on hand, 31st De-

cember,

63.36

Profit,

Total,

595.32

Total,......$

595.32

1903.

To Stock on hand, 1st Jan-

uary,

2.70

Cost of Material purchased

during the year,

37.25

GRASS-MATTING.

1903. By Matting sold during the

year,

Matting and Mats made

for Gaol during the year,

9.48

62.48

Profit,

32.76

呼

Stock on hand. 31st De

comber,

0.75

Total,...... .S

72.71

Total,

72.71

1903. To Stock on hand, 1st Jan-

uary,

Cost of Material purchased

during the year,

Profit,

SHOE-MAKING.

1903.

$ 165.66

1,383.58

429.67

Total,........

1,978.91

By Work for which cash

was received, Boots and Shoes made for Police and Gaol Depart- ments during the year,. Repairs during the year,. Stock on hand, 31st De-

cember,

S 20.33

1,568.00 229.65

160.93

Total,......$

1,978.91

1903. Oakum,

Coir, Net-making, Tailoring, Washing,.. Rattan,

•

Tin-smithing,

Carpentering,

Grass-matting,

Shoe-making,

Printing,

Total,.

Europeans,

Indians,

RECAPITULATION.

$ 809.66

1,724.44 44.86

311.21

8,191.37

16.64

121.87

232.61

32.76

429.67

19,574.27

$31,489.36

1903. By Surplus,

$31,489.36

Total,......$ 31,489.36

Table showing the Number of Casualties in the Gaol Staff during the

year 1903.

Establish- ment.

Resigned volun- tarily.

Services

Total Num-

Pen- sioned.

Died. dispensed

with.

Dis- missed.

ber of

Casualties.

~ 4

...

G+

co cr

This does not include the Superintendent, Assistant Superintendent or Clerical Staff.

Return showing the Employment of Prisoners and the Value of their Labour.

Daily Average Number of

Value

Prisoners.

Description of Employment.

Total.

Males. Females. Total.

Prison Labour.

SUNDAYS, CHRISTMAS DAY AND GOOD FRIDAY,----

$ c.

Cooks,

77.66

Cleaners,

59.40

Non-Productive,

630

653

Debtors, Remands, On punishment, Sick,. Crank, shot, shot and stone,.

253

IN MANUFACTURES,-

Book-binding,

1,352.85

Printing,

2,005.95

Printing, Labourers,..

373.20

Knitting,

28.60

...

Oakum Picking,

531.96

Coir Matting,

800.80

Grass Matting,

17.16

...

Shoe-making,

308.88

Tailoring,

729.30

Net-making, string-making and ship's fen-

der-making,

85.80

IN BUILDING,-

Bricklaying,

42.90

Painting,

Carpentering and Fitting,

IN SERVICE OF THE PRISON,

457.60

28.60

Laundry,

1,887.60

Cooking,

569.40

...

Cleaning,

686.40

Hospital Cleaners,..

White-washing,.............

ID BU

85.80

57.20

...

Total,....

629

653

10,187.06

Date.

Table showing the Number of

Floggings awarded.

1903.

FLOGGING RETURN.

Table showing the Number of Strokes

awarded in each case.

Average Number of Pri-

soners in Gaol.

By Assistant Super-

intendent only.

By Assistant Super-

intendent

and

Visiting Justice.

By Judge.

By Magistrate.

Total.

10 12 15

Total.

awarded by Prison Au- thorities.

Total Number of Floggings

awarded by Courts.

Total.

January,

February,

March,..

April,

652

632

...

597

...

....

623

May,

618

June,

556

...

July,

599

∞0 20.00 to 06:

1.5

72 LO CO O O

August,

649

aNGUNN

...

September,

735

2 1

October,

828

November,

687

...

December,

656

அகம

...

4 14

3 8

...

Total,...

135

3 3 9 71

135

∞

•

Prison Offences for which Floggings were inflicted.

Personal Vio-

lence to an

Wilfully

creating

Repeated

Refusals

Officer

of the Prison. Disturbance. Labour.

Total. Birch. Cat.

Birch. Cat.

...

127

...

KOM

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

GOVERNOR'S SALARY: INCREASE.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

HONGKONG.

No. 436.

DOWNING STREET.

8th December, 1903.

SIR,—I have recently had under my consideration the question of the amount of salary paid to the Governors of first class Crown Colonies, and I have come to the conclusion that the emoluments received by the Governors of Ceylon, the Straits Settlements and Hongkong are not sufficient to allow of their supporting the dig- nity of their position, as it should be supported, without supplementing their official salary from private income.

2. I am sure that your Legislative Council will see the matter in the same light, and I have therefore to request that you will invite the Council to vote an in- crease to the Governor's salary, from the 1st of January, 1904, from five thousand pounds to six thousand pounds a year of which sum one thousand two hundred pounds should be regarded as an entertainment allowance to be drawn in full by the Officer Administering the Government in the Governor's absence on full or half pay leave.

I have, &c.,

ALFRED LYTTELTON.

THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT OF

HONGKONG.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE ACTING HARBOUR MASTER, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

No. 70.

HARBOUR DEPARTMENT, HONGKONG, 18th February, 1904,

SIR, I have the honour to forward the Annual Report for this Department for the year ending 31st December, 1903.

I. Number, Tonnage, Crews, and Cargoes of Vessels entered.

II. Number, Tonnage, Crews, and Cargoes of Vessels cleared.

III. Number, Tonnage, Crews, and Cargoes of Vessels entered at each

Port.

IV. Number, Tonnage, Crews, and Cargoes of Vessels cleared at each

Port.

V. Number, Tonnage, and Crews of Vessels of each Nation entered. VI. Number, Tonnage, and Crews of Vessels of each Nation cleared. VII. Junks entered from China and Macao.

VIII. Junks cleared for China and Macao.

IX. Total number of Junks entered at each Port.

X. Total number of Junks cleared at each Port.

XI. Junks (Local Trade) entered.

XII. Junks (Local Trade) cleared.

XIII. Summary of Arrivals and Departures of all vessels.

XIV. Licensed Steam Launches entered.

XV. Licensed Steam Launches cleared.

XVI. Vessels registered.

XVII. Vessels struck off the Register.

XVIII. Chinese Passenger Ships cleared by the Emigration Officer (Summary).

XIX. Vessels bringing Chinese Passengers to Hongkong from places out of

China (Summary).

XX. Marine Magistrate's Court.

XXI. Diagram of Tonnage of Vessels entered.

XXII. Statement of Revenue collected.

XXIII. Return of work performed by the Governmnet Marine Surveyor.

XXIV. Return from Import and Export (Opium) Office.

SHIPPING.

1. The total tonnage entering and clearing during the year 1903 amounted to 24,039,862 tons, being an increase, compared with 1902, of 2,511,082 tons, and the same number in excess of any previous year.

There were 53,991 arrivals of 12,027,092 tons, and 54,009 departures of 12,012,770 tons.

Of British Ocean-going tonnage, 3,396,314 tons entered, and 3,382,121 tons cleared.

Of British River Steamers 2,237,249 tons entered, and 2,234,613 tons cleared.

Of Foreign Ocean-going tonnage, 3,667,871 tons entered, and 3,665,880 tons cleared.

232

Of Foreign River Steamers, 217,619 tons entered, and 216,744 tons cleared.

Of Steam Launches trading to ports outside the Colony 93,239 tons entered, and 93,239 tons cleared.

Of Junks in Foreign Trade, 1,347,001 tons entered, and 1,351,458 tons cleared.

Of Junks in Local Trade, 1,067,799 tons entered, and 1,068,715 tons cleared.

Thus-

British Ocean-going tonnage represented

River

Foreign Ocean-going

28.20%

18.60%

30.51%

1.81%

0.77%

11.22%

Local Trade

8.89%

100.00%

Steam Launches in Foreign Trade Junks

2. Seven thousand two hundred and fifteen (7,215) Steamers, 36 Sailing Vessels, 1,765 Steam Launches, and 15,803 Junks in Foreign Trade, entered during the year, giving a daily average of 68, as against 71.2 in 1902.

For European constructed vessels the daily average would be 19.9 as against

17.1 in 1902.

3. A comparison between the years 1902 and 1903 is given in the following Table; Steam Launches are not included.

Comparative Shipping Return for the Years 1902 and 1903.

1902.

1903.

Increase.

Decrease.

Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage.

7,102 9,571,787 8,449|11,250,296| 1,347 1,678,509 6.704.2116,040 7,768,115 681 1,063,904 3.238.239 31,766 | 2,698,459

British,. Foreign,

5.359

Junks in Foreign

36.245

Trade,

Total,

Junks in Local

Trade,

4,479 539.780

.48,706 | 19,514.287 46.255 | 21,716.870 2,028 2,742,413 4,479 539,780

50.743 1,819,329 58,215 2,136,514 7.472 317.385

Grand Total,... 99,449 | 21,333,566|104,470|23.853.384|| 9,500 3,059,5981 4,479 539,780

NET,

5,021 2.519,818

Including 17,210 Conservancy and Dust Boats of 637.052 tons.

Including 25,582 Conservancy and Dust Boats of 932,078 tons.

4. For vessels under the British Flag, this Table shows as increase of 1,347 ships of 1,678,509 tons, an increase of 427 ships of 762,845 tons to Ocean-going, and an increase of 920 ships of 915,664 tons to River Trade.

The above increase in Ocean-going is principally due to the fact of some new lines having been established-the China Commercial Steamship Company, the British India Steamers now visiting the port, the addition of some new steaners to local firms, and lastly to an increase of Coal imported from Australia in Steamers new to the Port.

Under Foreign Flags, the table shows an increase of 681 ships of 1,063,904 tons of which 328 ships of 821.216 tons are Ocean-going, the remainder 353 ships measuring 242,688 tons are River Steamers.

233

The increase in Ocean-going is made up principally by an increased number of Steamers calling at the Port in 1903 under the U. S. Flag and to the increased tonnage of some of the Pacific Mail Steamers, and to an increase under Chinese, Japanese and French Flags.

The increase in River Trade is made up by two French Steamers San Cheung and Kong Nam, the former being a new Steamer and the latter was transferred from the British Flag in July, 1903, also to the Chinese Steamers Chan Wai and Chan On whose running commenced in the first Quarter of 1903.

5. The actual number of ships of European construction (exclusive of River Steamers and Steam Launches) entering the Port during 1903, was 741, of which 344 were British, and 397 Foreign. These 741 ships entered 4,419 times, giving a total tonnage entered of 7,064,185 tons. Thus compared, with 1902, 23 more ships entered 372 more times, and gave a total tonnage increased by 779,927 tons.

STEAMERS.

Flag.

Ships.

No. of Times

entered.

Total Tonnage.

1902. 1903. | 1902. 1903. 1902. 1903.

British, Austrian,

324

331 1,753 1,982 2,965,030 3,368,788

125,929 106,944

Belgian,

3,624 d..

Chinese,

135

172

163,396 222,164

Danish.

23,374 48,676

Dutch,.

26,464 34,575

French,

228

262

219,111 246,837

German,

123

126

939

937 1,360,5241,345,567

Italian,...

23,428 32.732

Japanese,

409

467

865,400 1,017,263

Norwegian,

300

318

263,379 319,685

Portuguese,

7,897

7,110

Russian,

32.046

30,781

Swedish,

31 14.325 26,093

United States,.

No Flag,

61 2

121,939 200,706 1.260

Total,

676

709 4,000 4,383 6,215,866 7,009,181

SAILING VESSELS.

Ships.

No. of Times entered.

Total Tonnage.

Flag.

1902. 1903. 1902. 1903.

1902.

1903.

British, French, German,

Italian....

Japanese,.

Norwegian,

Sarawak,

Swedish.

United States,.

No Flag,

45.411

27.525

7.194

2,978

2,045

HNN

غیرہ

K NO LO

212

120

1.418

1.498

1,338

2,676

1.271

9 17.040

11.177

1.498

Total,....

68,392 55.004

234

6. The 344 British vessels carried 2,679 British Officers and 24 Foreign Officers as follows:-

British,

Norwegian,

Dutch,.

German,

United States,

.2,679 3

Total,..............................

2,703

Thus the proportion of Foreign Officers in British ships was 0.89% comprising four nationalities, an increase of 0.11% with a decrease of ships.

The 397 Foreign ships carried 2,882 Officers, of whom 267 were British, borne as follows:-

In Japanese

Chinese

ships,

United States

French

Dutch

Belgian

Total,

.139

..267

The proportion of British Officers in Foreign Ships was, therefore, 9.3% distributed among six nationalities; a decrease of 1.4% with an increase of ships.

Of the Crews of British Vessels

16.6% were British

0.5% Other Europeans.

82.9%

Asiatics.

Of the Crews of Foreign Vessels-

1.2 were British.

22.3% 76.5%

Other Europeans. Asiatics.

This shows a slight increase of Asiatics in British and Foreign Vessels, with a slight falling off in the proportion of Europeans.

TRADE.

7. The returns under this heading is gathered from the Masters of Vessels, and, in some cases, from the Agents concerned, and must be looked upon as but approxi- mate and, it may be, misleading. It is much to be regretted that Masters and Agents do not render more accurate returns.

The principal features to be remarked in the reported Trade of the Port for 1903 are:-

In Imports reported:-

Increases in Coal of 14.0%.

Decreases in Bulk Petroleum of 25.4.

Cotton of 80.8%

Flour of 11.6%

Case Petroleum of 37.3%.

General of 7.7%

Liquid Fuel

of 84.1%

Rice

of 27.1%.

Sugar

of 14.3%

Timber

of 14.1%.

The net increase under this head amounts to 21,847 tons.

In Exports, there is an increase reported of 24,252 In Transit Cargo

502,553

ン

235

8. The total reported Import Trade of the Port for 1903 amounted to 24,819 vessels of 10,959,293 tons, carrying 7,392,320 tons of cargo, of which 4,517,370 tons were discharged at Hongkong. This does not include the number, tonnage, or cargo of Junks, or Steam Launches employed in Local Trade.

Corgo.

Country.

Ships.

Tons.

Discharged. In transit.

CLASS I.

Canada,

68.807

10.749

Continent of Europe,

137

254.396

143,851

225,350

Great Britain,

166

506,686

234,419

592,898

Mauritius,

3,357

2,250

United States of America,

154

511,668

233,774

117,066

CLASS II.

484

1,344,914

625,043 935,314

Australia and New Zealand,.

52 103,267

71,530

26,741

India and Straits Settlements,

250

613,212

407,716

467,954

Japan,....

449

1,036,061

974.380

343,557

Java and Indian Archipelago,

163

259,959

313,202

60,494

North Pacific,

1,994

2,260

Russia-in-Asia,

5,309

143

CLASS III.

921

2,019,802 1,769,088

898,889

North Borneo,

65,058

68,337

6,509

Coast of China,

1,651

2,194,805

287,075

905,844

Cochin-China,

195

214,297

244,255

48,870

Formosa,

112

88,230

30,034

Philippine Islands,

319

504,707

70,832

8,825

Hainan and Gulf of Tonkin,

351

253,499

237,080

62,899

Siam,

308

358,098

353,248

4,000

Kiaochow,

3,883

1,000

3,600

Weihai wei,

9,465

500

200

Macao,

7,427

2,027

CLASS IV.

3,014 | 3,699,469 | 1,294,388

1,040,747

River Steamers,-Canton, Macao and West

River,

2,832 | 2,454,868 296,791

CLASS V.

Steam-launches trading to Ports outside the

Colony,.....

1.765

93.239

15,288

•

CLASS VI.

Junks in Foreign Trade,

15,803 1,347,001 516,772

Total,..

24,819 10,959,293 4,517,370 2,874,950

236

Similarly, the Export Trade from the Port was represented by 24,966 vessels of 10,944,055 tons, carrying 3,034,683 tons Cargo, and shipping 675,891 tons of Bunker Coal.

Country.

Cargo.

Ships.

Tons.

Shipped. Bunker Coal.

CLASS I.

Canada,

60,000

19,944

Continent of Europe,

73,529

14,235

3,690

Great Britain,

198,434

61,045

1,275

Mauritius,

4,559

1,650

3,500

South America,

290,838

177,477

1,940

United States of America,

3,270

2,200

CLASS II.

221

630,630

276,551

10,405 ·

Australia and New Zealand,.

52,906

18,340

4,080

India and Straits Settlements,

Japan,

Java and Indian Archipelago,

North Pacific,

338

900,818

319,415

89,387

509

1,146,464

293,131

53,002

69,716

9,720

10,725

9,515

4,402

990

Russia-in-Asia,

11,206

10,150

1,760

CLASS III.

942 2,190,625

655,158

159,944

North Borneo,

41,292

9,325

9,871

Coast of China,

1,916

2,728,792

531,653

235,883

Cochin China,

208

257,821

65,486

44,232

Formosa.

33.792

31,440

420

Philippine Islands,

310

561,179

255,084

79.291

Hainan and Gulf of Tonkin,

472

338,944

179,458

47,364

Siam,

253

289,857

40,460

35,468

Kiaochow,

10,350

3,400

1,465

Weihaiwei,

15,394

2,900

840

Macao,

3,325

548

CLASS IV.

3,249 | 4,226,746 1,119,754

454,924

River Stermers,-Canton, Macao and West

River,.....

2,8262,451,357

193,656

37,753

CLASS V.

Steam-launches trading to Ports outside the

Colony,

1,765

93,239 22,198

12,865

CLASS. VI.

Junks in Foreign Trade,

15,963 1,351,458 767,366

Total,.....

24,966 10,944,055 3,034,683

675,891

9. During the year 1903, 14,489 vessels of European construction, of 19.018,411 tons (net Register), reported having carried 9,768,405 tons of Cargo, as follows:-

Import Cargo,.......

Export

Transit

Bunker Coal shipped,

.3,985,310

.2,245,119

.2,874,950

663,026

9,768,405

237

The total number of tons carried, was, therefore, 51.3% of the total net register tonnage (or 65.4% exclusive of River Steamers), and was apportioned as follows:-

Imports --

British ships,

1,899,212

...2,086,098

-3,985,310

Foreign do.,

Exports-

British ships,

.1,243,987

Foreign do.,

.1,001,132

-2,245,119

Transit-

British ships,

.1,551,536

Foreign do.,

.1,323,414

-2,874,950

Bunker Coal-

British ships,

288,293

Foreign do.,

374,733

663,026

Grand Total,.....

..9,768,405

Trade of the Port of Hongkong for the Year 1903.

TONS.

Passengers.

No. of Ships.

Dis- charged.

Shipped.

In Transit.

Bunker Coal Shipped.

Total.

Registered Tonnage.

Emi- grants.

Arrived.

Departed.

British Ocean-going,

Foreign Ocean-going,

British River Steamers,

Foreign River Steamers,...

55,094 62,307

3,986 1,657,515 | 1,112,638 | 1,551,536

4,845 2,031,004 938,825 1,323,414

4,463 241,697 131,349

1,195

256,923 4,578,612 6,778,431 152,637

368,350 4,661,593 7,333,752 100,012

90.369 55,681

72,978 27,703

31,370 404,416 4,471,862

6,383 123,784 434,363

800,512

757.523

$3,057

81,231

Total,......

14,489 | 3,985,310 | 2,245,119 | 2,874,950

663,026 | 9,768,405 | 19,018,411 1,136,227

1,002,104 83,384

Steam-launches trading to || ports outside the Colony,

3,530

15,288 22,198

12,865 50,351 186,478

46,529

46,941

Total,..

18.019 4,000,598 2,267,317 | 2,874,950

675,891 | 9,818,756

19,204,889 1,182,756 1,049,045 83.384

Junks trading to ports out-

side the Colony,

{ 31,766 516,772 767,366

1,284,138 2,698,459

49,269

50,736

Total Foreign Trade,

49.785 4,517,370 | 3,031,683 | 2,874,950

Steam - launches

plying within waters of the Colony,*

Junks, Local Trade,.

Total Local Trade,

288,072

58,215 235,180 50,456

346,287

235,180 50,456

675,891 11,102,894 21,903,348 1,232.025 1,099,781 $3,384

23,936 23.936 8,488,306 4,529,975 4,530,666

285.636 2,136,514

79,318

84,941

23,936

309,572 | 10,624,820

4,609,293 4,615,607 83,384

Grand Total,...... 396,072 | 4,752,550 | 3,085,139 | 2,874,950

699,827 11,412,466 32,528,168 5,841,318 5,715,588 83,384

* The figures under the heading "Steam-launches plying within the waters of the Colony" are incomplete. The Star Ferry Company stating that since 1901, owing to the amount of work entailed, they have had to discontinue keeping a record of the passengers carried by their launches, and also number of trips.

238

IMPORTS.

EUROPEAN CONSTRUCTED VESSELS.

1902.

1903.

Increase.

Decrease.

No.

Steamers,

4,000

Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.

6,215,866|4,383 | 7,009,181 383 793,315

River Steamers,...... 2,192

Sailing Vessels,

1,871,726 2,832 2,454,868

63,392 36 55,004

640 583,142

13,388

Total,...... 6,239 8,155,984|7,251 | 9,519,0531,023 | 1,376,457 11

13,388

Nett,

1,012 1,363,069

Imported tons,

3,963,463

3,985,310

As follows:-

Articles.

1902.

1903.

Increase.

Decrease.

Beans,...

300

3,120

2,820

Bones..

Coal.

1,040,906

1,186,686

145.780

Cotton Yarn and Cotton,

11,498

20,795

9,297

Flour,

107,826

120,430

12,604

Hemp,.

22,923

24,149

1,226

Kerosine (bulk),

54,461

40,607

13.854

(case),

60,400

82,960

22,560

Lead,

625

550

Liquid Fuel,

6,299

1,000

75 3.299-

Opium.

4,871

4,997

Pitch,

Rattan,

1,900

126 1,900

4,742

4.020

Rice,

819,919

597,730

Sandalwood,.

5,374

4,713

722 222,189 661

Sulphur,

961

Sugar,....

268,268

229.946

38,322

Tea......

1,746

1,721

Timber..

75,023

64.400*

10,623

General,

1,480,003

1,594,600

114,597

Total,

3,963,463 3,985,310

313,592

291,745

Transit,

2,372,397

2,874,950

502,553

Grand Total,

6,335,860

6,860,260

816,145

291,745

Nett,.

524,400

239

EXPORTS.

1902.

1903.

Increase.

· Decrease.

No.

Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No.

Tonnage

Steamers,

River Steamers, Sailing Vessels,.....

|3,986 6,181,294 4,372 6,988,667 2,193 1,876,147 2,826 | 2,451,357

386 807,373

...

633 575,210

Total,

62,573 40

6,222 8,120,0147,238 9,499,358 1,019

59,334

3,239

1,382,583

3,239

Nett,..... 1,016 1,379,344

Exported tons,

2,220,867

2,245,119

Strs.

Bunker Coal.

Strs.

Bunker

Coal.

Strs.

Bunker Coal.

Strs.

Bunker Coal.

Steamers,

River Steamers,.

3,986 2,193

613,113 4,372

625,273 386

12,160

28.6272,826

37,753 633

9,126

Total,...... 6,179

641,740 7,198

663,026 1,019

21,286

Nett,...

1,019

21,286

1902,

1903,

Year.

RIVER TRADE.

Imports, Erports and Passengers.

Imports.

Exports.

Passengers.

223,608

144,304

1,296,602

296,791

193,656

1,722.335

IMPORTS.

Foreign Trade, Local Trade,

Junks.

15,803 measuring 1,347,001 tons.

29,172

Total,......... 44,975

1,067,799

2,414,800

Imported, 751,952 tons as under :---

Tea,..

Fire Crackers,

Oil, Vegetable,..

Rice,..

Cattle, (6,224),.

Swine, (24,711),

Earth and Stones,

General,

1,786 tons.

3,691

357

598

1,152

1,463

193,229 549,676

Total......... 751,952

240

EXPORTS.

Junks.

Foreign Trade, Local Trade,

15,963 measuring 1,351,458 tons. 29.043

1,068,715

སའ

2,420,173

Total.......... 45,006

Exported, 817,822 tons as under:-

Kerosine, (830,355 cases),

Rice and Paddy,

Earth and Stones,

General,

29,655 tons.

270,589

156,011

361,567

Total,..... 817,822

PASSENGERS.

1902.

1903. Increase. Decrease.

British vessels, Arrivals, ....

Do.,

Departures,.

Do.,

Emigrants,

152,122

94,244 90,369

42,778 55,681 12,903

152,637

515

3,875

Total,..

289,144 298,687 13,418

3,875

Nett,.

9,543

Foreign vessels, Arrivals, ..

Do.,

Departures,.

99,116

76,835 72,978

100,012 896

3,857

Do.,

Emigrants,

28,933 27,703

1,230

Total,.

204,884 200,693

896

5,087

Nett,...

4,191

River steamers, Arrivals,

Do.,

Departures,

668,167

628,435 838,757 210,322

883,578 215,411

Total, 1,296,602 1,722,335 425,733

| |

Nett,...... 425,733

Junks foreign trade, Arrivals,

Do.,

55,083 49,269

Departures, 52,553 50,736

5,814

1,817

Total,......... 107,636 100,005

7,631

Nett,.

7,631

241

PASSENGERS,-- Continued.

1902.

1903.

Increase. Decrease.

Total Arrivals,

974,488 1,185,496 211,008

Total Departures,....

852,067 1,052,840 200,773

1,826,555 2,238,336 |411,781

Total Emigrants,

71,711

83,384 11,673

Total,... 1,898,266 2,321,720 423,454

Diff. of Arrivals and Dep., 122,421

Do., Emigrants,

132,656

71,711 83,384

Remainder + or

+ 50,710 + 49,272

Junks local trade, Arrivals,

Do., Departures,

76,840 79,318 2.478

77,137 84,941

7,804

Total..........

153,977 164,259 10,282

Nett,....

10,282

REVENUE.

11. The total Revenue collected by the Harbour Department during the year was $285,288.42, being an increase of $18,522.43 on the previous year:-

1. Light Dues,

....$ 74,960.00

2. Licences and Internal Revenue,

3. Fees of Court and Office,

55,475.50

154,852.92

Total,..

$285,288.42

STEAM LAUNCHES.

12. On the 31st December, there were 242 Steam Launches employed in the Harbour; of these, 98 were licensed for the conveyance of passengers, 121 were pri- vately owned, 17 were the property of the Colonial Government, and 6 belonged to the Imperial Government in charge of the Military Authorities.

Three Masters' Certificates were suspended for three months, and one Master was cautioned.

Four hundred and seventy-five (475) engagements, and Four hundred and thirty-eight (438) discharges of Masters and Engineers were made from 1st January to 31st December.

Fourteen (14) Steam Launches were permitted to carry arms, &c., for their protection against pirates; of these, thirteen were previously permitted, and one. during this year.

242

EMIGRATION.

13. Eighty-three thousand three hundred and eighty-four (83,384) Emigrants- left Hongkong for various places during the year: of these, 55,681 were carried by British Ships and 27,703 by Foreign Ships; 140,551 were reported as having been brought to Hongkong from places to which they had emigrated, and of these, 107,166 were brought in British Ships and 33,385 by Foreign Ships.

Returns Nos. XVIII and XIX will give the details of this branch of the Department.

REGISTRY OF SHIPPING.

14. During the year, 8 ships were registered under the provisions of the Impe- rial Act, and 7 certificates were cancelled.-

MARINE MAGISTRATE'S COURT.

15. Seventeen (17) cases were heard in the Marine Magistrate's Court; refusal of duty on board ship and breach of Harbour Regulations were the principal offences.

EXAMINATION OF MASTERS, MATES AND ENGINEERS.

(Under Section 4 of Ordinance No. 36 of 1899.)

16. The following table will show the number of candidates examined for Certifi- cates of Competency, distinguishing those who were successful and those who failed:-

Grade.

Passed.

Failed.

Master, First Mate,

Only Mate,..

Second Mate,..

kiwa

Total,

First Class Engineer, Second Class Engineer,

.Total,...

MARINE COURTS.

(Under Section 19 of Ordinance No. 36 of 1899.)

17. No Marine Court has been held during the year.

SUNDAY CARGO-WORKING.

(Ordinance No. 6 of 1891.)

18. During the year, 336 permits were issued under the provisions of the Ordinance. Of these, 105 were not availed of owing to its being found unnecessary for the ship to work cargo on the Sunday, and the fee paid for the permit was refunded in each case, and 22 permits were issued, free of charge, to Mail Steamers, the privilege ceased on the 22nd July, 1903.

The revenue collected under this heading was $34,800; this was $9,375 less. than in 1902.

243

The revenue collected each year since the Ordinance came into force is as follows:-

1892,

1893,

1894,

1895,

1896,

1897,

1898,

1899,

1900.

1901,

1902,

1903,

SEAMEN.

$ 4,800

7,900

13,375

11,600

7,575

11,850

25,925

21,825

•

43,550

44,800

44,175

34,800

19. Nineteen thousand eight hundred and sixty (19,860) Seamen were shipped and twenty-three thousand two hundred and sixty-five (23,265) discharged at the Mercantile Marine Office and on board ships during the year.

One hundred and fifty-eight (158) "Distressed Seamen were received during the year.

Of these, 55 were sent to the United Kingdom, 3 to Sydney, 1 to Cal- cutta, 2 to Singapore, 2 to Moji, 3 obtained employment on shore, 3 at Canton, 1 went as passenger to San Francisco, 1 to the United Kingdom, 2 to Singapore, 2 joined the Chinese Customs, 1 Japanese Wrestler's Company, 1 taken charge of by the German Consul, 1 departed to Canton, 1 died at the Government Civil Hos- pital, 1 at the Sailors' Home, 3 remained at the Government Civil Hospital, 1 at the Sailors' Home, and 74 obtained employment.

Two thousand six hundred and one dollars ($2,601.00) were expended by the Harbour Master on behalf of the Board of Trade in the relief of these Distressed Seamen.

MARINE SURVEYOR'S SUB-DEPARTMENT.

20. Return No. XXIII gives a report of the work performed by this Sub- Department during the year 1903.

During the year, 190 vessels were surveyed for Passenger Certificate and Bottom Inspection, and 111 were surveyed for Emigration, an increase of 15 and 18 respec- tively on the previous year, which was the highest on record.

Owing to the Kowloon and Cosmopolitan Docks being blocked at different times by vessels undergoing extensive repairs, twenty-nine of the surveys for passenger certificate took place at Aberdeen Dock involving considerable loss of time and extra expense in hiring an outside launch.

The Kinshan of 2,861 gross tons, and the Ying King of 1,088 gross tons were built under inspection, the former being the largest steel and the latter the largest wooden vessel ever constructed in the Colony.

I would beg to point out that owing to the increase of the work and the greater distance apart of the building yards and slips an additional launch is urgently required.

LIGHT-HOUSES.

21. The amount of Light Dues collected is as follows:-

Class of Vessels.

Rate. No. of per ton. Ships.

Tonnage.

Total Fees collected.

Ocean Vessels,

1 cent 4,435| 7,012,128

night,

River Steamers (Day Boats),

Steam Launches,

River Steamers, (Night boats), Launches plying exclusively to Macao and West River, by

Launches plying exclusively to Macao and West River, by day,

249 1,707

7,012,128 9,398 1,388,738

$ 70,121.28

93.98 4,629.67

1/1/148

621

Free.

1,125

34,466 1,066,130

115.07

Free.

895

49,375

Total,...

9,032 | 9,560,235 | 74,960.00

244

Telegraphic and telephonic communication has been kept up with the Gap Rock, Cape d'Aguilar and Waglan Island during the year,

From Gap Rock Station, 892 vessels have been reported as passing, and in addition 181 messages were received and 3,769 sent, including the daily weather report for the Observatory. Owing to telegraphic communication being interrupted 20 vessels were not reported.

Forty-six hours and fifty minutes of fog were reported from Gap Rock during the year, and the fog signal gun was fired 357 times. On no occasion was the relief delayed by the rough sea.

From Cape d'Aguilar Station 1,987 vessels were reported, and in addition 1,886 messages were seut and 26 received.

From Waglan Island Station, 1,952 vessels were reported, and in addition 55 messages were sent and 69 received. Owing to the telephonic communication being interrupted, 192 vessels were not reported.

Two hundred and eighteen hours and forty-eight minutes of fog were reported from Waglan Island during the year, and the fog signal gun was fired 2,260 times On no occasion was the relief delayed by the rough sea.

GOVERNMENT GUNPOWDER DEPOT.

22. During the year 1903 there has been stored in the Government Gunpowde Depôt, Stonecutters' Island:-

No.

of Cases.

Approximate Weight:

lbs.

Gunpowder, privately owned,

6.655

155,915

Do.. Government owned,

Cartridges, privately owned,

Do., Government owned,

Explosive Compounds, privately owned,

2,292

127,346

2,780

621,925

4,700

7.103

Do..

Government owned,

456

65.122

Non-explosives, privately owned,

600

Do..

Government owned,

Total,.

12,286

982.711

During the same period there has been delivered out of the Depôt:----

No.

Approximate

of Cases.

Weight.

lbs.

For Sale in the Colony :-

ཡ

Gunpowder, privately owned.

224

5,745

Cartridges, privately owned,

20,975

Explosive Compounds, privately owned,..

1,150

Non-explosives, privately owned,

For Export:-

Gunpowder, privately owned,

612

Cartridges, privately owned.

1,172

20,615 255,325

Explosive Compounds, privately owned,....... Non-explosives, privately owned,

600

Total,.....

2,110

304,410

}

245

On the 31st December, 1903, there remained as follows:

No.

of Cases.

Approximate Weight.

lbs.

Gunpowder, privately owned,

Do., Government owned,

5,819

129,555

2,146

108.502

Cartridges, privately owned,

1,520

345,625

Do., Government owned,

1:900

Explosive Compounds, privately owned,

5.953

Do.,

Government owned,

334

49,952

Non-explosives, privately owned,

Do., Government owned,

Total,....

9,880

641,487

NEW TERRITORY.

(Fifth year of British Administration.)

23. The Station at the Island of Cheung Chau was opened in September, the one at Tai O, in the Island of Lantao, in October, 1899, that at Tai Po in Mirs Bay, on board the Police Steam Launch, in January, 1900, that in Deep Bay, on board the Police Steam Launch, in November, 1901, and that at Sai Kung in April, 1902.

From 1st January to 31st December, 1903-8,674 Licences, Clearances, Permits, &c. were issued at Cheung Chau, 3,157 at Tai O, 3,817 at Tai Po, 4,202 at Deep Bay, and 4,021 at Sai Kung.

The Revenue collected by this Department from the New Territory during 1903 was $15,718.75.

GENERAL.

24. Captain RUMSEY having left the Colony for good, it devolves upon me to father this Report, which deals with a period during three quarters of which he was in charge of the Harbour, I may, perhaps, be permitted to express my own personal regret at, and my sense of the loss the Colony has incurred through, his departure.

(ii.) The building of the much-needed new Harbour Office has now been com- menced, and it is to be hoped that the work will be pushed on as quickly as possible, as the work of the Department is seriouly hampered by the restricted view of the Harbour from the Office. But it is scarcely probable that the new Office can be opened much before another two years have passed.

(iii.) During the year arrangements have been made to light Cap-shui-mun, and this light will, I trust, be established before this Report appears in print. There would seem to be little prospect, however, of immediate improvement in the light- ing of the Eastern and Western approaches to the Harbour, by the shifting of Cape D'Aguilar Light to Green Island, and the Green Island Light to Cape Collin- son, as approved in 1900, owing to the greater necessity for other Public Works, which are absorbing all the available funds. It is to le hoped that it will be possible to carry out these greatly needed improvements before long, Green Island light being so inefficient in its present position, and Cape D'Aguilar light having been lying idle for over seven years now. This latter light cost the Government £2,914 about thirty years ago, and is in as good condition now as it was when it was first lit in 1874.

(iv.) The size of vessels trading to and from the Colony continues to increase, as well as their numbers, and the problem as to where to put them is becoming very serious. The deep water area of the Harbour is small, and, owing to constant reclamations and silting up of certain parts of the Harbour, this area is continually contracting. Something will have to be done in the near future to provide accom- modation for the shipping, and the question is "What"?

246

(v.) It is probable that the shipping of the Port will continue to increase, both in numbers and size, so that any measures that may be decided upon will have to take the future into account, and not only the immediate future, either. Dredging is extremely slow and expensive work, and any scheme which bases its entire hopes on this alone, is, in my opinion, doomed to failure, not only on account of the slowness of the work, but because of the probable uselessness of it, for it is reason- able to believe that, as those parts of the Harbour which stand in need of dredging have been, and are still being, silted up, so they will continue to be in the future, and unless a prohibitive (as to cost) number of dredgers be employed, and be kept employed, very little. if any, impression will be made on the depth of the water. And the work will be endless, as it will have to be kept going indefinitely.

(vi.) So far as I am aware, no other plan (than that of dredging) for providing deep water accommodation, has hitherto been suggested, except that contained in a scheme of Harbour Improvement formulated and submitted to Government by me in January, 1902. which provided, inter alia, for the deepening, by natural means, of the water West of the Kowloon Peninsula and inside Sulphur Channel. This scheme I am not now permitted to publish. It would cost a considerable sum of money, money which, however, once spent, would be spent once and for all, and would give us many things besides an increased deep water anchorage, including the vexed question of communications, dealt with by Captain RUMSEY in his report

for 1901.

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS (OPIUM) OFFICE.

25. The return shows that during the year the amount of Opium reported. was as follow:-

Imported,

Exported,

Through Cargo reported but not

landed,..

1902. 1903. Increase. Decrease. Chests. Chests. Chests. Chests.

43,781 | 46,034 2,253

43,3481

46,551

3,202

13,483 16,442 2,959

Seventeen thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine (17,879) Permits were issued from this Office during the year, being an increase of 3,558 as compared with 1902.

A daily memo. of exports to Chinese ports was, during the year, supplied to the Commissioner of Imperial Maritimne Customs, and a daily memo. of exports to. Macao was supplied to the Superintendent of Raw Opium Department of Macao.

Surprise visits were paid to 108 godowns during the year.

I have, &c.,

BASIL TAYLOR,

The Honourable A. M. THOMSON,

&c.,

Acting Colonial Secretary,

&.,

&c.

Acting Harbour Master, &e..

Seringa tak

I-NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, and CARGOES of

WITH CARGOES.

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST,

TOTAL

COUNTRIES WHENCE ARRIVED.

argoes.

Vessels.

Tons.

rews.

Vessels.

Tons.

Vessels.

Tons.

Dis- char ed Transit.

Australia and New Zealand,

74.214 2,722

65,561 22.053

British North Borneo,...

Canada.

Coast of China,.

Cochin-China,

43,360 1,276

46,5411 1,290

68.847 4.382| 10,749

1,896,2,561,921 95,824 365,438 403,307

267,245, 13.205

Continen of Europe,

Formosa,

Great Britain,

India and Straits Settlements,

Japan,...

Java and other Islands in the Indian Archipelago,.

Kiauchow,

Macao.

57,779 2,818 83,505 7,400 11.284 168

740 20,55 19,0.2 1.647 7.280 148 424,279,105 208,753 490,696) 159) 347,095 16.111 239.434 271,378) 204 475,58712,576 385.080 198.96- 105 190,413 6,692 212,092 51,794

913 577.82133,304

501

690

2081

160

5,967 125

74,214 2.722 23 43,20 1,276

68.807 4,382

2,2272,829.166 109,029

58,469 2,856 11,284 163

30 21.043 1.807 113, 424.271 9,105) 159 317,095 16,1.1 207 481.554 12 701 105 190,413 6.69%)

48,355

336 .65

915 578,160 33,369

Mauritius,

North Pacific,

Philippine Islands,

Ports in Hainan and Gulf of Tonquin,

Russia in Asia....

Siam,

United States of America,

162 208,640 10,847

50,875

6,200

13,699 719

25,886

37.897; 1,569 1,070 119 2,155 55

190 246,537, 12,416)

18.877 738

6,700

70 214,023

5,043

Wei-hui-wei,.......

1,062

146,722 500

2,000 75,700 200

8.403 131

14,769

2,155 55 14) 18,877 738 70 214,023 5.043 9,465 199

838

TOTAL...

3,951 5,307,768 201,040 1,899,212|1,551,536

378 325.794 15,467 4,2295,633,562 219.507||/

II-NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, and CARGOI

WITH CARGOES.

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

COUNTRIES TO WHICH DEPARTED.

Shippel.

Shipped.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

Bunker Vessels.

Cal.

Tons. Crews.

Bunker Cal.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes!!

Bunker Ve

Curl.

Australia & New Zealand,

27,007 1,104

14.970 2.510

British North Borneo,

13.152

637! 4,949 2,705

2,646 5,013 152

29,053 1,153

14,970

2,510

600

789 18,165

4,949

3,305!

Canada,

60,000 3,813; 19,944;

Coast of China,

Cochin-China,

Continent of Europe,

Formosa,.....

Great Britain,

Japan,

31 29,319 9261

India and Straits Settlements,.

Java and other Islands in the Indian

Archipel go,

400 6.440 54.645 48 154.110 3.887 161 404,733 15.164 213.180 155 361,446 9,727 118.067|

13 28,062 855

2,266 3,018.863 116,886 477.069 126,887

12 14,610 637 10,013 2,770

1,930

79 100,249 4.639] 58,178 1,690|

4,790 4,617

60,000 3,813) 19,944

2,345 3,119,112 121,525 477.069 131.677 13

72,788 2,327

10.013

7,387

301

1,930 30

400

120 1,275

25 39,010 23,062

29,319 9261

6,440

120

2,198 28 55,148|| 1,077)

49 156,308 3.915

54,645

1.275

76 131,709 2643

1.485

5,020

3,860

22.993

631

2,805

51,055 1,486]

Kiauchow,

Macao,

914 610,496 38.883 27,741

7678

186 459,88116,241 213,180| 3,476

231 493,155 12,370|| 118,067|

914 610,496 33,883 27.741 7,673

42,486

24.547

5,020)

6.065

Mauritius,

North Pacific,

Philippine Islands,

151) 4,056 202 298,752 14,077||| 200,092

1,900

52,726 14

33,812

Port Arthur,

Ports in Hainan & G. of Tonquin,

201

Russia-in-Asia,.

Siam,

13.906 808 26 2,158 34,272 1,056|

6 081

400

1,827 11

175

300

625 2,080

14,791 605 1,640

4.030 83 200

4.056 151 1,900 216 332,564 14,702 200,092| 51,806

ان

26.697 1,413 6,081

3,467

2.158 38.302 1,39!

175

400

500

South America,

United States of America, Wei-hai-wei,

93.701 2,824 8,176 15,394

860;

33:

344

2.900

840

13701 2,824| 80,176; 15,394 314

2.900

860 840

TOTAL...

3,9455,185,967 205,835 1,243,987 266.600, 275 430,767. 12,222

21.693 4,220,5,616,734 219,057|1.243.987 288.29315,

247

-NUMBER, TONNAGE, Crews, and Cangoes of Vessels ENTERED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong from each Country for the Year ending

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST.

ΤΟΤΑΙ

WITH CARGOES.

FOREIGN.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

argoes.

Cargoes.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews.

ed fransit.

Dis- chared. Transit.

Vessels.

Tons.rews.

Dis- charged. Transit.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

1. Ws.

Dis-

charged Tra

561

541

22.053 1,290

749

74,214 2.722 65 564 23 43,20 1,276| 46,541| 24 68.807 4,382 10,749

22,053

1,290

29,053 1,177

5,966 4,688

20 21,798 909 21,796 5,219

201

29,053 1,177 21,798

5 966!

909 21,796

***

438 408,397

505 7,400

267,245 13.205 2,2272,829.166 109,029 365,433 403,307

690

53,469 2,856||||| 83,505

740 20,55

11.284 163

740

7,400 20,550

280

2031

160

773 490,696

134 271,378

180 198.96-

5,967

125

392 51,794

30 21.043 1.807 7.280 113 424.271 9,105 203,753 490,696 159 347,095 16,1 1 239,434| 271.378 207|| 481.554 12 701 385.080 198.968, 105 190,413, 6.692| 212,092, 51.794

12.9611,792,713 195,880 673,143 502,537 4.865 801,774 67,134 17.826 2,594.487 263 914 673,143 50

144 155.828 8,957 160,750 41,470 131 242,157 6,161 143,111 204,800,

65.799 4,165 22,754

955

144 155,828 8,957 160,750 41 133 243,112 6,192 143,111) 20

1,388

67.187 4.216, 22.754

82 415 2,895 30,666 102,202 90 261,596 8,703 168.282 198,576 241 552,867 14,291 589,300 144,589

1.521

18 2,140 30

82.415 2,395 30 666 10: 266.117 8,720, 163.282190

242, 551,507, 14.321 589,300, 14:

69,546 2,377 101,110,

8,700

53,

69,546 2,377, 101.110

3,883 53;

1,000

3,600

3,833 53 1.000,

3581

336

915

578,160 33,369| 48,353

799

78,999 15,236

31.019.

314

16,528 3,424 1,113

95,527; 18,650

31,019

3,357 112

2.250

3,357 112

2,250

1,404 66

2,260

375

6,200

37.897; 1,569

191

246,537, 12,416

386

1,070 119 2.155 55

14,769

838

50,875 25,886

6,200

189,599 6,851 19.957

2,625

327

2,000 75,700

200

8.403 131

2,155 55 18,877 738 6,700 70 214,023 5.043 146.722

4 9,465 199

236,889 10.938 211.194

3,154 44

62,899

590 C8,570 2,134 1,841 62

54!

1,991

120

2.260,

129

258,170 8,985

19 957

329

238,730 11,000 211,194

143

2,000

294 839,22113,638 346,548

2,000

75,700

84 297,645 10,312 87,052 4',366

31 3,154 44

294 339,21 13,638 346,548,

297.645) 10,312, 87,052

500)

200

.121,551,536 378 325.794 15,467 4,229 5,633,562 219,507 1,899,212 1,551,536 15,3534,430,423 302,270 2,618,158 1,393,414 5,237 895,308 72,938 20,590|5,325,731 375,208 2,618,158 1,32

II. NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, and Cargoes of Vessels CLEARED in the Colony of Hongkong for each Country for the Year ending 31st

ISH.

LAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

FOREIGN.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Crews.

Banker Cal.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews,

Shipped.

Cargoes.

Shipped.

Shipped

Bunker Vessels.

Corl.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coul

Vessels.

Tous. Crews.

Bunker Coal.

Vessels.

Tons. Cres

Cargoes.

| Bunker

Coal.

Vessels

162

600.

4.639 1,690

28 1,077

2 643 1.485

631

2,805

29,653 1,153 12 18,165 789 60,000 3,813 4,790 2,345 3,119,112 121,525

59 4,617

72,788 2,327 I 1.930 30 400 31 29,319 926 6,440 49 156,308 3.915| 54,645 1,275 186 459,88116,241 213,180 3,476

281 493,155 12,370|||| 118,067|

27 51,055 1,486

14,970 2,510 16 21,613 732 3,370 1,570 1 1,640 22

4.949 3,305 14: 16,468 774 4.370 5,516

6,659 173 19,944 477.069 131.677 13,495 2,420,894 235,583 960.932 123,758 4,645 369,475 41,922 10.013 7,387 94 125,378||| 7,280| 55,473 26,595 55 59,655 1,905|

71,599 1,045 13,835 3,690

17 23,253 754 3,370 1,570 1,050

23,127 947 4,376

6 566

22,009 18,140 2,790,369 277,505 960,932 145,767 15,76 10,250 149 185,033 9,185 55,473 36.845

46 71,599 1,045)

100

13,855

3,690

120

4,473 285

25,000

300

42,126 1,220†

42,486

142

5,020

24.547 6,665

6,400 428,645 12,516 106,235| 180 464,569 12,743|| 175,064

10,905 352 4,700 10,350 220

10 44,726 25.251 3,210

12,292 281 98 188,740 4,363

6 7,756

220

2,175, 3,204

2501

5! 4,473 258 25,000 11 42,126 1,220) 6.400 152 440,937 12,797||||106,235 278 653,30 17,106) 175,064

16 18,661

300

46,901

30:

28,455

33.

572

4,700

4,060

3,400

1,465

914 610,496 33,883|| 27.741

7,673

904

92.101|16,392Į

49.679]

1.362

177

625

2,080

605 1,640 31

216 332,56414,702 200,092|

4.056 151 1,900

51,806

4,559 218 4.344 82 218,461 7,492

1.650

3 500

183

2,502

690

54.992

23,190

1,115 10,154

16,093 1,701!

60 475

6 10,350 220 3,400 1,465 112 1,081 108,194 18,093

49,679,

1,474 1,81

3001 1,295

4: 4,559 218 6 5,459 243 94 228,615, 7,967;

1.650

3,500

2,502 54,992

990

24 185

26.697 1,413| 6,081

3,467

2.158 26

175!

200

38,302 1,139

400

500

366 227,219 10,523 8.431 274 114 131,309 4,954|

178,377

35,797

10,150

1,495

40.060]

30,103

1.332 23

2,200

13 701 2,824|

80,176; 15,394 314 2,000

860

52, 194,140 7.788

97,301

1.080

83,028 2,726 617 28 66,246 2,553 1,938 24 2.997 40

8,100 90 4,865

441 810,247 13,249 9 9.048 302 216 197.555 8,507

173,377||||| 43,897|

10.150

381

1.585

40,060

34,968

17:

3,270 47 197,137: 7,828 97,301

2,200

1,080

840

...

12,222

21,693 4,220,5,616,734 219,057 1,243.987||| 288.293|15,5854,498,916 320,5971,790,696 333,298 5,161 828,405|56,493,

54,300 20,740 5,327,321 377,000 1,790,696 387,598|19,531

from each Countr for the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

EIGN.

.LLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

TOTAL.

IN 'ALLAST.

TOTAL.

Cargoes.

Cargoes

Cargoes.

ns.

Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

1 WS.

Dis- charged Transit.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Dis- chared Transit.

Tons. Vessels.

Tons. rews. Vessels.

Crews.

Dis- charged

Transit.

12 20

955

..388

29,053 1,177. 5.966 4,688 21,798 909 21,796

1,774 67,134 17,826 2,594.487) 263 014 678,143

144 155,828 8,957| 160,750| 133) 243,112 6,192 143,111 22.751 67.187 4.216, 82.415 2,395′ 30 666

6.509

..521

91 266.117 8,726, 168,282

2,140

242 551,507 14.321 539,300

69,546 2,377, 101.110

8,700

3,833 53 1.000,

3,600

5,528

3,424 1,113

95,527 18,660

31,019

3.883 5s 1,712 656,823 48,510

102.202| 166 506.686 11,500 234.419 592.898, 196,576 249 611.691 24,819; 407.716_467.954. 144,539 445 1,027,954 26,867 974.380 343.557, 163 259,559 9,069 313,202 60.494 1.000 3.600 79,372

103,267 3,899 71,530, 26.741 5,219 43. 65,058 2,185 68,337

24 68,807 4,382| 10,749

52 103,267 3,899 71,530 26,741

4 65,058 2.183 68.337 6,509 24 68.807 4.382 10.749

502,537 14,857 4,345.634 291,701 1,038,581 905.844 5,196 1,069,019 80.339 20,9535.423,653 372,041,938.581 905.844

41.470 194 213,607 11,775 244,255||||| 48,870)| 201,800| 135 258.441 6,329 143,851) 225,350,

30.034

103 81,8 5,812

38 195 214,297,11,818! 244.255 48.870 137 254,396 6,360 143,851| 225.350 112 88.230. 6.023 30.034 166 506,686, 11.500 234.419 592,898 250 613.212 24.837 407,716 467,954 449 1,036,051 27,022 974.380 343,557 163 259,959 9.069 8,883 53

690

955

8,419

2.1

1.521 8,107

18 155

813,202

60,400

1,000

3.694

316

16.864 3.469 2,028

673,687 52,029

79,872

3,357 112

2,250

3,357 1:2

2.250

3,357 112

2,250

-590 3,571 2,131

1,991 120

2.260,

1,404 66

2,260

129

258,170 8,935

19 9571

2,425

242 598,239 17,693

70,832

,841 62

329

238,730 11,000 211,194

3,154 44

62 899

343|| 250,588 11,657|| 237,080

8.825 62,899

143

294 339,2-1 13,638, 316,548,

2,000

1. 3,154 41 308 358,098 14.376

363,248

143 4.000

590 77 106,468 3.703 2,911 181 2,155

1,994 120

2,260

319

504.707 21,401 70.832 8,825

351

21 5,309 99!

253.499 11,838 237,080

62.899

143

308

358,098 14,37€ 353.248

4,000

84 297.645, 10,312, 87,052 41,388)

154 511,668 15,355 233,77}

1 1,062 68

500

117.066 200

154

511,668 15,355

233,774 117,066

8,403

131

9,465 199

500

200

,,308 72,938 20,590|5,325,7 375,208 2,618,158 1,323,414 13,2049,788,191 506,310 4,517,370 2.874,950 5,615 1,221,102 88,405 24,819 10,959,293 591,715 4,517,370 2.874,950

ach Country for the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

TOTAL.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Shipped

Cargoes.'

>hipped.

Shipped.

Bunker

Bunker Vessels. Tons.

Coal.

Crews

Cargoes.

Bunker Vessels.

Coal.

Tons. 'rews. Coal,

Vessels.

Tous. Crews.

Cargoes.

hunker Coal.

17 23,253 754 3,370 19 23,127 947 4,376

1,570 31 6 566! 22

5 4,473, 258 25,000 42.126 1,220| 6.400

19 18,140 2,790,369 277,505 960,982 149 185,033 9,185 55,473

46 71,599 1,045 13,855 3,690 300

48.620 1,836 18,340 4 080 3 4,286 71 29.620 1,411

9.625 8,221

11,672 325 21 60,000 3,813 19,944 145,767 15,761 5,439,757 352,469 1,438,001 250,645 4,724 469,724 46,561 36.845 106 139,988| 7,917) 65,486 29,365 102 117,833 3,595

47 73.529 1,075, 14.235 3,690 36 33.792 1,211|

420

1,650

31.440

59 196,236 5,107||

61,045

1,275

001

152 440.937 12,797 106,235

278 653,309 17,106] 175.064

16 18,661 572 4,700

10,350 2201

3,400 2 1,081 108,194 18,093) 49,679,

4,559 218

1,650 5,459 243 2,502

46,901

303 833,378 27,680| 319,415

28,455

335 826.015 22,470, 293.131

4,060

23 38,967 1.207

9.7201

2.198 28 83.736 35 67.440 1,358 48.313 174 320,449 7,006|

7,070 20 30,749

851

26,799 20,485 5,909,481 399,030 1,438,001 277,444 14,867 208 257,821 11,512 65,486 44,232 47 73,529 1.075 14,235 3,690 36 33,792 1,211

60 198,434 5.135 61,045

52,900) 1,907) 41.292 1,736 9,3251 9,871 21 60,000 3.813 19,944

18.340 4,080

31,440

420

1,275

5,651

338 900,818 29 038

319 415

89,387

4,689 3.655

94 228.615. 7,967;

54,992

441 310,247 13,249 173,377

9.048 302

10.150

216 197.555 8,507 40,060

2 3,270

471

2,200

54 197,137: 7,828

97,301

1,465 6 10,350 220 1,474 1,818 702,597 50,275| 3,500 4 4,559 218 1,650

990

8,400 334 4,402 24 485

284 517.21321,569||| 255,084|

43,8971 386||||241,125 11,331|| 179,458|

1.585

9 10,589 300 10.150 34,968

179 165,581 6,010| 40,460 1.332 23 2,200 1,080 85 287,84110.612|| 177,477| 15,394 344 2,900

3,400

1,465

77,420

9.035

177 16,098 1.701

69,716 2,058 10.350

220 112 1,995 718,690 51,970

509 1,146,464 29.476 293,131)

53.002

9,720

10,725

3,400 1.465

77,420

9.147

3,500

4,559, 218

1,650

3,500

690

1. 1,115 60

75.916

43,966 1,100}

300 3,375

9.515 394 4,402

990

310 561,179 22,669 255,084

79,291

37,624

97,819 3,331

9,740

1,670

617 28

472 338,944 14.662 179,458, 10 11,206 328 10,150

47,364

1,760

30,403

1,940 840

9,9971

70.276 2,636| 1,938 24 40

5,065

253 235,857 8,646

40,460

35.468

3.270 47 290 838 10.652 177,477 15,394 344 2,900

2,200

1,940

840

30 20,746 5,327,821 377,000 1,790,696 387,598 19,530 9,684,883 527,432 3,034,683 599,898 5,436 1,259,172 68.715 75,993 24,966 10,944,055 598,147 8,034,683 675,891

NAMES

OF PORTS.

Aberdeen,

Cheung Chaú,.

Deep Bay,

Hunghom,

•

Sai Kung,.

Sham Shui-po,

Shaukiwán,.

Stanley,.

Tai 0, Tai Po, Victoria,

III. TOTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, AND

WITH CARGOES.

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST,

TOTAL.

Cargoes.

Vls.

Tons. Crews.

Vls.

Tons. Crews. Vls. Tons. Crews.

Vis. Tons.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

299

8.42

244 3,47

3,851,5,307,768|204 040|1,899,212 1,551,536

Total,..

3,851 5,307,768 204,0401,899.2121,551,536|

}

NAMES

OF PORTS.

Aberdeen,

Cheung Chaú,........

Deep Bay,

Hunghom,

Sai Kung,

Sham Shui-po,

Shaukiwán,.

Stanley,.

Tai 0,

Tai Po, Victoria,

54:3 9,85

1,999 178,24

362 5.67

23|

हए

76, 3,24

378 325,794 15.467 4,229 5,633,562 219,507 1,699,212 1,551,536|11,786|4,220,35

378 325,794 15.467 4,229 5,633,562 219,507 1.899.212 1.551.53615,3534,430,42

IV.—TOTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, AŅI

WITH CARGOES.

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Shipped.

Vls.

Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. Crews

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

Tis. Tons. Crews.

Vls.

Bunker

Cargoes.

Coal.

1,85 29

Total,

3,945 5,185,967 206,835 1,243,987 266,600 275 430,76712,222|

3,945 5,185,967|206,835|1,243,987| 266,600 275 430,767 12,222

21,693 4,220 5,616,734 219,057 1,243,987

288,293 12,97

21,693 4,2205,616,734 219,057 1,243,987 288,293) 15,57

248

OTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, AND CARGOES OF VESSELS ENTERED AT EACH PORT IN THE COLONY OF I

FOREIGN.

TOTAJ.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Cargoes.

Cargors.

Vls. Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. Crews. VIS.

Tons. Crews.

Vls.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

Dis- | charged.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

299

244

8.424 1,842) 3,735 3,472 1,439| 2,568

131 42

419 89 312 465 2741 286!

8,843 1,931 2,735 3,937 1,713, 2,568

299

244

543

9,854 2,662

7,850

112

2,870 679

354 112

1,999

231 76.

178,245 19,869 302 5,670 1,872 3,556 807 146 3,244 591

166; 141,927

655 24

12,724 3,341

7,850

543

132

3701 1,288

66 521

1,291|| 160,78213,135 3,29

5,946 1,009 494 24. 27 130 96

376 129 338,977 33,004||| 141,927 11,616 2,881) 3,556

166

211

3,999

362

873 170 370 3,762 7211 1,288

4,229 5,633,562 219,5071,899,212 1,551,536| 11,7864,220,353 273,737 2,456,698 1,323,414

4,2205,633,562 219,507 1,899.212 1.551,536 15,353|4,430,423 302,270 2,618,158 1.323,414 5,237

3,626| 724,267 57,681|15,412 4,944.620 331,318,2,456,698 1,323,414|

895,308) 72,938 20,590 5,325,731 375,208 2,618,1581 323,414

15.637 9,

19,204 9,

OTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, AND CARGOES OF VESSELS CLEARED AT EACH PORT IN THE COLONY OF

FOREIGN.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Shipped.

Bunker

Tis. Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. ¡Crews.

Vls.

Tons. Crews.

Coal.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

Vls. Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

I un

Coa

1,101 287

1,821 701

486 1,063

198

3,111 1,022

247

4,212 1,309

486

193

2,094 932

290

3,915 1,653

1,063

233

11,176 2,116

922

150 413

7,889 314

640 43

6,727 1,4241 4,917

64 25

41 1,853 208,025 18,978 108,639

297 18 52 2,178

16 153 81 1,538 127,233 15,100

429

6,012 1,939

662

12,739 3,363

4,917

217 1061

3,391

335,258 34,078

168,639

250)|

4,706 1,303

547

15,882 3,421 7,889

381 251

960

175

314

1,652 2741

3,830

6×7

640

14!

221,693 4,220 5,616,734 219,057 1,243,987 288,293 12,979 4,266,857 296,489 1,606,064 333,298 2,494 683,406 35,815

21,693 4,2205,616,734 219,057 1,243,987 288,293 15,585 4.498,916 320,597 1,790,696 333,298 5,161 828,405 56,493

54,800, 15,473 4,950,263,332,304,1,606,664 387

54,300, 20,7465,327,321 377,090 1,790,696 387

IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG, IN THE YEAR 1903.

WITH CARGGES.

TOTAL.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Cargoes.

Vls.

Tons.

Crews.

VIS

Dis- arged.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Tons. Crews.

Vls.

Tons. Crews.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

2,735

299

8,4241

1,842

3,785

137

419

312.

8,843

1,931

3,735

2,568

244

2,472

1,439

2,56

42:

465

274

280

3,927 1,7:3

2,568

7,850

543

9.854

2,662)

7,850

112

2,870

679

(55

12,724

341

7,850

166

211

3541

112

160

17:

24.

376

129

166

141,927

1,999)

178,945

19,869

141,927

1,291

160,732

13,135

3.290

888,977

33,004)

141,027

3,556

362

5,670

1,872)

3,556

132

5,946

1,009,

494

11,616

2,881

3,556

370

1,268

807 3,244

146

370

591

1,288

521

24 130

¥733 3,765!

170 721

370

1,288

456,698|1,323,414]

15.037 9,528,121| 477,777

4,355,910 2,874,950

355,910

4,004 1,050,061

73,48 73,048

19,641 10,578,182 550,825 4.355,910 2,874,950

318,158|1 323,414 19,204

9,738.191 506,310| 4.517.370 2.874,950

5,615 1,221,102'

28 407

24.819 10.959.2931 504,715) 4517,3702.874,950

IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG, IN THE YEAR 1903.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

TOTAL.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Shipped.

Tons. Crews.

VIS.

Tons. Crews,

Vls.

Tons. Crews.

I unker

Cargoes. Coal.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

VIS.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoe s

Bunker Coal.

4,212 1,309

486

3,915 1,658

1,063

49 97

1,101 287 486; 1,821 701 1,063

198

3,111 1,022

2471

4,212 1,309

4861

103

2,094 9321

290

3,915 1,633 1,063

12,739 3,363|

4,917

233

217 106

1,424 25

4,917

335,258 34,078

15,882 3,421

960 175.

687

168,639 7,889

314

3,8301

6400

314 640

6,727 64 1,853| 208,025|18,978, 168,639 2971 11,176 2,116 7,889 922 150 52 2,178[ 413!

153 81 1,538 127,233| 15,160,

250

4,700 1,305

38 36! 1,652 274

,950,263 332,304,1,600,664 387,598 16,9249,452,824503,324 2,850,661| 599,898| 2,7691,114,173 48,036! 75.993 19,693 10,566,997 551,361 2,850,661 675,891

,327,321 377,090 1,790,696 387,598 19,530 9,684,883 527,432 3,034,093 599,898 5,4361,259,172 68,715 75,993 24,966/10,944,055 596,147 3,034,683 675,891

429

6,012 1,939

662j

12,739 3,363|

4,9:7

217 106

411

3.391

335,258|34,078|| 168.639

547 25

15,882 3,421| 7,889

960 175

314

3,830 687 45 141

640

431

249

V.-NUMBER, TONNAGE and CREWS of Vessels of each Nation ENTERED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong in the Year 1903.

ENTERED.

NATIONALITY

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

VESSELS.

Vessels.

Tous.

Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

American,

104

209,484

8,197

7,503

317

114

216,987 8,514

Austrian,

82,227 1,943

24,717

461

106,944 2,404

British,

3,851

5,307,768 | 204,040

378

325,794

15,467

4,229

5,633,562 |219,507

Chinese,

306

194,305 14,603

60,639

3,364

345

254,914 17,967

Chinese Junks,

10,941

885,764126,542

4,862

461,237

57,665

15,803

1,347,001 | 184,207

Danish,

44,333

828

4,343

125

48,676

953

Dutch,

33,340

1,072

1,235

34,575

1,117

French,

572

417,918

28,201

5,642

359

585

423,560

28,560

German,

794

1,182,872

41,306

144

164,740 į

5,438

938

1,347,612

46,744

Italian,

32,732

1,179

32,732

1,179

Japanese,

440

968,774

33,541

48,609

1,436

468

1,017,383

34,977

Norwegian,

Portuguese,

Russian,

215

216,285

6,869

104

104,898

3,253

319

321,183 10,122

16,368 1,360

948

17,316

1,450

28,324

506

2,457

30,781

583

Sarawak,

2,676

Swedish,.

No Flag,

Steam-lanuches trading to ports outside the Colony,

TOTAL,.

21,946

1,058

113

5,418

210

27,364

1,268

2,758

93,075 } 1,760

35,004

164

1,765

93,239 35,042

19,204 9,738,191 506,310

5,615 1,221,102

88.405

24,819 10,959,293 | 594,715

VI.-NUMBER, TONNAGE and CREWS of Vessels of each Nation CLEARED at Ports in the Colony of

Hongkong in the Year 1903.

CLEARED.

NATIONALITY

OF VESSELS.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tous. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

American,

Austrian,

British,

104 212,059 8,231 39 105,549 2,363 3,945 | 5,185,967|206,835

8,193 1,854

357

115

220,252 8,588

107,403 2,428

275

430,767

12,222

4,220 | 5,616,734 |219,057

Chinese,

324 226,454 16,805

27,063

1,090

343

253,517 17,895

Chinese Junks,

11,312

1,116,314 | 148,625

4,651

235,144

37,550

15,963

1,351,458 186,175

Danish,

35,156

601

13,520

352

48,676

953

Dutch,

28,801

959

6,976

219

35,777

1,178

French, German,

Italian,

567 407,199 27,940

15,372

564

584

422,571

28,504

752

1,136,561

38,983

184

205,695

7,719

936

1,342,256

46,602

33,526

1,233

33,526

1,233

Japanese,

390

858,228

31,107

163,555

3,989

469

1,021,783

35,096

Norwegian,

Portuguese,

191

186,950

6,226

122

128,645 3,710

313

315,595

9,936

13,752

1,278

3,402

152

17,154

1,430

Russian,

24,203

428

6,578

155

30,781

583

Sarawak,

2,007

Swedish,.

No Flag,

ports outside the Colony,

TOTAL,....

21,694 1,068

4,972

159

26,666

1,227

4,660

175

4,660

175

Steam-launches trading to

1,739

92,470 34,850

769

192

1,765

93,239 35,042

19,530 9,684,883 527,432 5,436 1,259,172 68,715

24,966 10,944,055 596,147

250

VII. Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks ENTERED at each Port in the Colony

of Hongkong, (exclusive of Local Trade), during the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

TOTAL.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

Ves- sels.

Tous. Crews. Passen- Discharged.

gers.

Cargo Ves- Tons. sels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- Ves- gers. sels.

Tons. Crews.

Crews. Passen.

Cargo

Discharged.

gers.

Tons.

Aberdeen,

299

Cheung Cháu,

244

8,427 1,842| 3,472 1,439

664

3,735: 13 2,568 42

419 465 274

312

8,843 1,93]

3,735

240

286

3,937 1,713

904

2,568

Deep Bay,

Hunghom,.

543

9,854 2,662

7,850

Sai Kung

354 112

Shani Shui-po,

1,999 | 178,245 19,869

108

166 141,927 1,291

112 3

2,870

679

655

12,724 3,341,

7,850

22 160,732 13,135,

241

376 129

166

210

3,290

338,977| 33,004|

318

Shaukiwán,

362

5,670 1,872

3,556 132

5,946

1,009

494

11,616 2,881|

141,927 3,556

Stanley,.

807 146

Tai 0,

Tai Po,

Victoria,

3,244

7,374 675,694 98,009 33,609

Total,... 10,941 885,764 126,542 34,738

591 356

370 1,288

.27

873 170

370

521 130

3,765 721

380

1,288

355,312 3,251

290,196 42,308 14,057 10,625 965,890140,317 47,666 355,312

516,772 4,862 461,237 57,665 14,531 15,803|1,347,001 184,207 49,269 516,772

VIII.-Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks CLEARED at each Port in the Colony of Hongkong, (exclusive of Local Trade), during the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

'T'OTAL.

Ves- sels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- Cargo Ves-

gers.

sels.

Shipped. Tons.

Tons. Crews.

Ves- Passen-

gers. sels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo

Shipped. Tons.

Aberdeen,

1,101 287

Cheung Cháu,

1,821 701) 414

486 198 1,063

193

3,111 1,022 2,094

247

4,212 1,309

486

932

517

290.

3,915 1,633

931

1,063

Deep Bay,

Hungbom,....

233

6,727

1,424

4,917

429

6,012

1,939

662

12,739 3,363

4,917

Sai Kung,

Sham Shui-po, 1,853

64 208,025 18,978

Shaukiwán,

297

11,176 2,116

41 168,639 7,889

153

21.

217 106

1,538

127,23315,100

3,391

335,258 34,078

168,639

250

4,706 1,305|

547

15,882 3,421;

7,889

Stanley,....

922

150

314

Tai 0,

2,178

413

199

640

38 1.652

960 175

314

274

216

3,830

687

415

640

Tai Po,

14.

Victoria,

8,706

884,255124,517| 45,315 | 583,334 1,984

90,145 16,872

4,008 10,690 974,400 141,389 49,323 583,334

Total,... 11,312 1,116,314 148,625 45,951

767,366 4,651 235,144 37,550 4,785 | 15,9631,351,458186,175 50,736 767,366

IX.-Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks ENTERED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong, from Ports on the Coast of China, and Macao, during the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

CARGO.

Ves- sels.

Tons. Crews Passen-

geis

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

East Coast,. San On Dis- trict, West River, &c., West Coast,

Cargo Ves- Discharged.

Tons. sels.

2,139 99,249 14,745 699 82,578 362

Macao,

Passen- Ves-

gers. sels.

34,155 2,762| 148 2,501 133,404 17,507

8,133 726,457 101,829 33,659 | 406,687 3,955 401,111 | 49,541| 14,137 12,088′1,127,568 151,370

264 13,505 2,358 299 10,165 240 11,261 2,155 195

24,766, 4,513

405 46,553 7,610.

17,342 305 14,710 3,207

61.263, 10,817

Total,... 10,941 885,764 126,542 34,738 516,772 4,862 461,237 57,665| 14,531 | 15,803 1,347,001 184,207

Tons. Crews.

Tons Crews

l'assen-

gers.

Cargo

Discharged. Tons.

504

847 82,578

47,796 406,687

494 10,165

710

132 17,342

49,269 516,772

•

251

X.—Total Number, Tonnage, Crens, Passengers and Cargo of Junks CLEARED at Ports in the Colony of

Hongkong, for Ports on the Coast of China, and Macao, during the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Ves- sels.

Tons. Crews

Cargo Passen-

Shipped. gers.

Ves- Tons. sels

Tous. Crews.

Passen- Ves- gers. sels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo

Shipped. Tons.

East Coast,.

1,083

San On Dis-

trict, West

9,279

53,046 8,027

977,375 127,242 45,481

River, &c.,

West Coast,

416

29,004 3,945

Macao,

29,822 1,300 60,257 8,416

675,023|| 2,917| 146,758|25,676||

20,416 271 16,171 2,060

534 56,889 9,411

42,105 163 11,958 1,398

Total,... 11,3121,116,314148,625 45,951 767,366| 4,651 | 235,144 37,550

178

289 2,383 113,303 16,443

467

29,822

192

4,132 | 12,196 1,124,133 152,918 19,613 675,023

460 20,416

100

268

687 45,175 6,005

96 697 68,847, 10,809

42,10.5

4,785 |15,9631,351,458 186,175 50,736 767,366

196

XI.-Return of Junks (Local Trade) ENTERED at each Port in the Colony of Hongkong, during the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

CARGO.

BALLAST

TOTAL

Ves- sels.

Tons. Crews. Passen-

gers.

Cargo Ves- Discharged.

Tons. sels.

Crews

Tons. Crews. Passen- Ves- gers. sels.

Tons. Crews.

Crews. Passen-

gers.

Cargo Discharged Tons.

Aberdeen,.....

143

7,591 1,452

Cheung Cháu,

1,075

419

127

5,699 556

23 32

1,006 251

166

8,597

1,703

1,092

166

110

2,167

585

222

5,699 556

Deep Bay,......

Hunghom,...

185

1,625

690

Sai Kung,

195

Sham Shui-po,

169 5,359

1,139

Shaukiwán, Stanley,.

118

4,649

935

1,234 148 86 13 3,013 336 2,197 76

5,345

1,198

333

6,970

1,888

1,234

96 15,574 4,058

291

117

3,027

129

505

20,933

4,166

152

3,013

606

194

8,687

1,541

2,197

137

191

Tai (),

Tai Po,

Victoria,

382

781

183

382

183

9,818

7,982 285,414 93,020

Total,... 8,705 | 306,472|97,849 9,982

222,156 19,836 734,122 166,978 69,112 27,818 1,019,536 259,998 78,930 222,156

235,180 20,467 761,327 172,298 69,336 29,172 1,067,799 270.147 79,318 | 235,180

XII.—Return of Junks (Local Trade) CLEARED at each Port in the Colony of Hongkong, during the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

CARGO

BALLAST

TOTAL.

Ves- sels.

Tous. Crews. Passen- Shipped.

gers

Cargo Ves- Tons. sels.

Tons Crews. Passen- Ves- gers sels.

Tons. Crews, Passen-

Cargo

Shipped.

gers.

Tons.

Aberdeen,

64 2,092 505

905

Cheung Cháu, 58 1,457

431

127

749

167 48

11,138 | 1,820

624

...

226

100

231 13,230 2,325 106 2,081 657

905

227

749

Deep Bay,......

Hunghom.......

121

3,422

892

2,276

205

3,532

974

326 6,954

1,866

2,276

Sai Kung,

430

130

223

451

140

223

Sham Shui-po,

239

16,832

1,982

12,376

165

7,819

1,114

404

24,651

3,096

12,376

Shaukiwán,

1,890

431

924

2,340

500

129

4,230

913

924

Stanley,.

Tai 0, Tai Po, Victoria,

Total,... 6,151 217,520 55,451 82,518

104

222

44)

200

341

422

5,573 191,128 51,010 82,324

32,892 22,225 825,464 |208.682

50,456 22,892 | 851,195 213 380′

2,314 27,798 1,016,592 259,692 84,638

32,892

2,423 (29,043 (1,068,715 |268,837 84,941 | 50,456

FOREIGN TARADE.

252

XIII SUMMARY.

NO. OF VESSLES.

TONS.

CREWS.

British ships entered with Cargoes,

in Ballast,......

Do.

do.

3,851

5,307,768

204,040

378

325,794

15,467

Total,....................

4,229

5,633,562

219,507

British ships cleared with Cargoes,

3,945

5.185,967

206,835

Do.

do. in Ballast,...

275

430,767

12.222

Total,.......

4,220

5,616,734

219,057

Total British ships entered aud cleured,

8,449

11,250,296

438,664

Foreign ships entered with Cargoes,

Do.

do. in Ballast,

2,652

3,451,584

140,724

370

433,907

15,235

Total,.......

8,022

3,885,491

155,959

Foreign ships cleared with Cargoes,

Do.

2,534

3,290,132

137,122

do. in Ballast,

484

592,492

18,751

Total,...

3,018

3,882,624

155,873

Total Foreign ships entered and cleared,

6,040

7,768,115

311,832

Steam-launches entered with Cargoes,

Do.

do. in Ballast,

1,760

93,015 164

35,004

Total,....

1,765

93,239

35,042

Steam-launches cleared with Cargoes,

1,739

92,470

34,850

Do.

do. in Ballast,

769

192

Total,.......

1,769

93,239

35,042

Total Steam-launches entered and cleared,

3,530

186,478

70,084

Junks entered with Cargoes,

Do. do. in Ballast,

10,941

885,764

126,542

4,862

461,237

57,665

Total,.....

15,803

1,347,001

184,207

Junks cleared with Cargoes,

Do. do. in Ballast,

11,312

1,116.314

148,625

4,651

235,144

37,550

Total,.......

15,963

1,351,458

186,175

Total Junks, entered and cleared,

31,766

2,698,459

370,382

Total of all Vessels entered,

Total of all Vessels cleared,

24,819 10,959,293 24,966 10,944,055

594,715

596,147

Total of all Vessis in Foreign Tradc entered and cleared,

49,785

21,903,348

1,190,862

LOCAL TRADE.

Total Junks entered,

Do.

cleared,

29,172 1,067,799 29,043

270,147

1,068,715

268,837

Total of all Vessels in Local Trade entered and cleared,

58,215

2,136,514

538,984

Total of all Vessels in Foreign Trade entered and cleared,

Do. all do. Local Trade, entered and cleared,

Grand total of all Vessels entered and cleared,

49,785 21,903,348 58,215

108,000 24,039,862

1,190,862

2,136,514

538,984

1,729,846

XIV.—RETURN of LICENSED STEAM-LAUNCHES Entered in the COLONY of HONGKONG during the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

TOWING.

NOT TOWING.

TOTAL.

PLACES.

Cargo

Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen- Discharged Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

gers.

Passen-

gers.

in tons.

Discharged Vessels. [Tonnage. Crews. in tons.

Passen-

gers,

Cargo

Discharged

in tons.

Within the Waters of the Colony,

55,555 1,577,519 412,457

69,493 2,092,975 541,737 3,835,180

125,048 (3,670,494 954,1943,835,186

Total,.

55,555 1,577,519) 412,457

69,493 (2,092,975 541,737 3,835,186

125,048 3,670,494 954,194,3,835,186

Within the Local Trade Limits,

Total,..

Outside the Local Trade Limits,-

Sam Shui,

Kong Mun,

Kam Chuk,

Wn Chow,

Macao

Other Places,

18,988 573,659 154,647

694,789

18,988

573,659 154,647 694,789

18,988.

573,659 154,647

694,789

18,988

573,659 154,647 694,789

253

1,193

65,277 25,882

38,948

9,906

1,193 65,277 25,882 38,948

9,906

1,697 558

135

1,604

316

17,636 6,307

3,506

3,441

142

220

8,465 2,257

3,940

837

32 1,719 316 17,636

224 8,607

565

135

1,604

6,307

3,506

3,441

2,288

3,940

337

Total,.

Grand Total,..

55,560 1,577,683 412,495

164

1,760

93,075 35,004 46,529

15,288 1,765 98,239

35,042 46,529

15,288

90,241 2,759,709 731,388 [4,576,504||

15,283145,801 4,337,392 1,143,883 4,576,504

15,288

*The figures under the heading "Steam-launches plying within the Waters of the Colony are incomplete: the "Star" Ferry Company stating that since 1901, "owing to the amount of work entailed" they have had to discontinue keeping a record of the passengers carried by their launches, and also number of trips.

PLACES.

•

XV.-RETURN of LICENSED STEAM-LAUNCHES Cleared in the COLONY of Hongkong during the year ending 31st December, 1903.

TOWING.

NOT TOWING.

TOTAL.

Cargo

Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Shipped Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

in tons.

Cargo Bunker Passen- Shipped Coal gers. in tons.in tons.

Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo Bunker Shipped Coal in tons, in tons.

Within the Waters of the Colony,

55,555 1,577,519 412,457

69,493 2,092,975 541,7373,835,767|

17,064 125,048 3,670,494 954,194 3,835,767

17,064

Total,...

55,555 1,577,519 412,547

69,493 2,092,975 541,737 3,835,767

17,064 125,048, 3,670,494 954,194 3,835,767

17,064

Within the Local Trade Limits,

Total,....

Outside the Local Trade Limits,

Sam Shui,

18,988 573,659 154,647 694,899

6,872

18,988 578,659 154,647 694,899

...

6,872

18,988 573,659 154,647 694,899

6,872 18,988 573,659 154,647 694,899

6,872

Kong Mun,

Kam Chuk,

1,193

65,277 25,882 38,639 15,464 9,823

1,193 65,277 25,882

38,639 15,464 9,823

Wu Chow,

Macao,....

Other Places,

Total,.

Grand Total,.

55,581 1,578,288 412,649|

717

185

316

199

1,697 558 17,636 6,307 7,860 2,103

122 2,371 443 4,226 3,976 628 3,954 387 1,971

32 1,719 316 17,636 224 8,607

656

6,307

122 2,371 4,226 3,976 628

443

2,288

3,954 387 1,971

769

192

1,739

92,470

34,850

46,941 22,198 12,865

1,765 93,239 35,042

46,941 22,198 12,865

4,576,607 36,801 90,220 2,759,104 731,2344,576,607 22,198 36,801)

145,801 4,337,392 1,143,883 4,576,607 22,198 36,801

* The figures under the heading "Steam-launches plying Within the waters of the Colony " are incomplete: the "Star" Ferry Company stating that since 1901, "owing to the amount of work entailed" they have had to discontinue keeping a record of the passengers carried by their launches, and also number of trips.

254

255

XVI.-RETURN of VESSELS REGISTERED at the Fort of Hongkong, during the Year 1903.

Name of Vessel.

Official Number.

Regis- tered Tonnage.

Horse Power.

Rig.

Built of

Where built and when.

Remarks.

San Cheung, ....(str.),

109,870 770

None

Wood Hongkong, 1902.

Since sold to Foreigners.

*Wing Chai,......(str.),

109,871

548

None

Wood Hongkong, 1902.

Kinshan, .........(str.), 109,872

1,818

286

None

Steel Hongkong, 1903.

Swift,...(str.), 109,873

195

180

Schooner Composite Blackwall, London, 1879.

Formerly, H.M.S. “Swift.” [Since sold to Foreigners.

Tak Hing,.....(str.), 109,874

395

Laertes,.....(str.),

81,318

Teucer,............(str.),

97,797

1,596

1,340 300

450

Robert Cooke, ...(str), | 109,875

218 125

None

Schooner Iron Cartsdyke, Renfrew, 1879.

Schooner Steel Geenock, 1890.

None Steel Hongkong, 1902.

Wood Hongkong, 1903.

XVII-RETURN of REGISTRIES of VESSELS Cancelled at the Port of Hongkong, during the Year 1903.

Name of Vessel.

Number.

Official Regis- Date of tered Regis- Tonnage. try.

Horse Power.

Rig.

Built of

Where built and when.

Reason of Cancellation.

Formosa, (str.), ... 88,840

Kong Nam, (str.),. 107,028

Diamante, (str.),..., 107,030

Hattie E. Smith,... 109,861

Louise J. Kenney, 109,862

San Cheung, (str.), 109,870

Swift, (str.),

109,873

674 1,886 200

402 1,898 48

1,255 1,899 256

141 1,901

215 1,901

770 1,903 66

195 1,903 180

Schooner

None

Schooner

Schooner Wood Essex Mass. U.S.A., Transferred to Sydney,

[1888,

[N.S.W. None Wood Hongkong, 1902, Sold to Foreigners.

Schooner Composite Blackwall, London, Sold to Foreigners.

[1879,

Iron Newcastle on Tyne, Sold to Foreigners. [1885, Wood Hongkong, 1898,

Sold to Foreigners.

Steel Aberdeen, 1899, Sold to Foreigners.

Wood Newbury Port, Sold to Foreigners.

[N.S.A., 1869,

XVIII.—SUMMARY of CHINESE EMIGRATION from HONGKONG to Ports other than in China, during the Year ending 31st December, 1903,

BRITISH VESSELS.

FOREIGN VESSELS.

GRAND TOTAL.

WHITHER BOUND.

Adults.

Children.

Adults. Children.

Adults.

Children.

Total.

M. F.

M. F. M. F.

M. F

For Bangkok, Siam,

114

-1141 114

114

Honolulu, Sandwich Islands,

Japan Ports,

Q =

3071

3161 394

407

268

271 353

360

Mauritius,

1,425 25

4 1,49

Maxico,

2,490

2,508

•

1,425 25 2,490

⚫ 1,493

2,508

步步

Seattle, U.S.A.,..........

Straits Settlements,

Tacoma, U.S.A.,

Vancouver, British Columbia,.

Victoria, British Columbia,

TOTAL PASSENGERS,.

Portland, Oregon,

San Francisco, U.S.A.,

1,455

1,504 2,850|

2 2,927 4,305

43 4,431

87) 87

36,698 6,216 1,703 714 45,331 14,689 2,379 669 31918,056 51,387 8,595 2,372 1,033

4,535 1,520

34 17

409

4,569) 1,546 3,992

417 409 4,535 4,022 5,521

341

63,387

417

4,569

5,568

83,384

46,921 6,239 1,804 717 55,681 24,141 2,428 808 32627,70371,062 8,667 2,612 1,043

Total Passengers by British Vessels,

Total Passengers by Foreign Vessels,

Excess of Passengers by British Vessels,

46,921 6,239 1,804) 717 55,681

24,141) 2,428. 808 326 27,703

22,780 3,811 996 391 27,978

;

256

XIX.-SUMMARY of CHINESE IMMIGRATION to HONGKONG from Ports other than China, during the Year ending 31st December, 1903.

BRITISH VESSELS.

FOREIGN VESSELS.

GRAND TOTAL.

WHERE FROM.

Adults.

Children.

Adults. Children.

Adults,

Children.

Total.

M. F. M. F

ME M.

M. F.

From Bangkok, Siam...

181

1,987

1,988

2,168

2,169

Honolulu, Sandwich Islands,

333

3331

681 7 15 13

716

1,014

1,049

Java & Sumatra,

348

·00

364

348

364

Mauritius,

1,290

1,290-

Melbourne,

449

459

491

501

New South Wales...

517

525

116

122

633

647

New Zealand Ports,

Portland, Oregon,

231

23.

Queensland Ports,.....

416

443

San Francisco, U.S.A.,..

2,727

Seattle. U.S.A.,

251 1

12 2,799 4,143 80 63 30 4,316 1 253

6,870

119

7,115

251

253

South Australian Ports,

131

Straits Settlements,

92,590, 4,249 |1,420

Tacoma. U.S.A.,

Tasmania,

Vancouver, British Columbia,

Victoria, British Columbia,...

1311 736 98,995 22,404 678 291| 115 23,488

12 150 1

5 156 11

131

114,994 |4,927 |1,711

851 122,483

162

168

2,573

2 2,587

2,573

2,587

5951

595 596 14

7 620 1,191

1,215

TOTAL PASSENGERS,

100,657 4,306 | 1,452

751|107,166) 32,038 790 384 173 33,385 132,695 | 5,096 | 1,836

924 140,551

Total Passengers by British Vessels,.

Total Passengers by Foreign Vessels,

Excess of Passengers by British Vessels,

|100,657 | 4,306 1.452 751| 107,166

32,038 790 384 173 33,385

68,619 3,516 1,0GS: 578 7.3781

DEFENDANTS HOW DISPOSED OF.

XX. RETURN of MARINE CASES tried at the MARINE MAGISTRATE'S COURT, during the Year 1903.

NATURE OF CHARGE.

No. of Defendants.

No. of Cases.

Absent from ship without leave,

Assault,

Disobeying the lawful orders of the

Harbour Master,

Neglect to Register engagement and discharge of Master and Engineer (Steam-launch),

Refusal of duty,

Rules of the Road, Failed to observe

(Steam-launch),

Total,..

◄

Amount of Fines.

€

$16

TONS.

11,000,000

10,000,000

9,900,000

9,800,000

9,700,000

9,600,000

9,500,000

9,400,000

9,300,000

9,200,000

9,100,000

9,000,000

8,900,000

8,800,000

8,700,000

.8,600,000

8,500,000

-8,400,000

8,300,000

8,200,000

8,100,000

8,000,000

7,900,000

7,800,000

7,700,000

7,600,000

7,500,000

7,400.000

7,300,000

7.200.000

7,100,000

7.000.000

6.900,000

6.800.000

6.700.000

1867.

1868.

1869.

1870.

XXI-D

XXI-DIAGRAM of Tonnage entered

RED LINE represents British Shipping BLUE LINE represents Foreign Shippin GREEN LINE represents British and F YELLOW LINE represents Junk Tonna VIOLET LINE represents Steam-launch

THICK BLACK LINE represents entire

1871.

1872.

1873.

1874.

1875.

1876.

1877.

1878.

1879.

1880.

1881.

1882.

1870.

1871.

1872.

1873.

1874.

1875.

1876.

1877.

1878.

1879.

1880.

1881.

1882.

1883.

1884.

1885.

1886.

1887.

1888.

XI-DIAGRAM of Tonnage entered at Hongkong, from 1867 to 1903 1

RED LINE represents British Shipping Tonnage only.

BLUE LINE represents Foreign Shipping Tonnage only.

GREEN LINE represents British and Foreign Shipping Tonnage. YELLOW LINE represents Junk Tonnage only, excluding Local Trade.

VIOLET LINE represents Steam-launch Tonnage only, excluding Local Trade. THICK BLACK LINE represents entire Trade in British and Foreign Ships, Ju

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1890.

...

1867 to 1903 inclusive

Trade.

g Local Trade.

Foreign Ships, Junks and Steam-launches,

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1895.

1896.

1897.

1898.

1899.

1900.

1901.

1902.

1903.

TONS.

11,000,000

10,000,000

9,900,000

9,800,000

9,700,000

9,600,000

9,500,000

9,400,000

9,300,000

9,200,000

9,100,000

9,000,000

8,900,000

8,800,000

8,700,000

8,600,000

8,500,000

8,400,000

8,300,000

8,200,000

8,100,000

8,000,000

7,900,000

7,800,000

7.700,000

7,600,000

7,500,000

7:400,000

7,300,000

7,200,000

7,100,000

7,000,000

6.900.000

8,000,000

7,900,000

7,800,000

7.700.000

7,600,000

7.500.000

7.400 000

7,300,000

7,200.000

7,100,000

7,000,000

6,900,000

6,800.000

6.700,000

6,600,000

6,500,000

6,400,000

6,300,000

6,200,000

6,100,000

6,000,000

5,900,000

5,800,000

5,700,000

5,600,000

5,400,000

5,300,000

5,200,000

5,100,000

5,000,000

4,900,000

+,800,000

4.700,000

4,600,000

4,500,000

4,400,000

4:395,000

+,200,000

4,100,000

+,000,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3.700 000

3,600,000

3:500,000

3,400,000

3.300,000

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2.900,000

2,800,000

8,000,000

7,900,000

7,800.000

7.700,000

7,600,000

7,500,000

7:400,000

7,300,000

7,200,000

7,100,000

7,000,000

6,900,000

6,800,000

6,700,000

6,600,000

6,500,000

6,400,000

6,300,000

6,200,000

6,100,000

6,000,000

5,900,000

5,800,000

5:700,000

5,600,000

5:500,000

5,400,000

5,300,000

5,200,000

5,100,000

5,000,000

4,900,000

4.800,000

4,700,000

4,600.000

4,500,000

4,400,000.

4,300,000

4,200,000

4,100,000

4,000,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700,000

3,600,000

3,500,000

3,400,000

3,300,000

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700 000

3,600,000

3.500.000

3,400,000

3.300,000

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

2,700,000

BLACK

2,600,000

2,500,000

2,400,000

2,300,000

2,200,000

2,100,000

2,000,000

1,900,000

1,800,000

1,700,000

1,600,000

1,500,000

1,400,000

YELLOW

1,300,000

GREEN

1,200,000

1,100,000

1,000,000

900,000

RED

800,000

700,000

600,000

BLUE

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

90.000

VIOLET

80,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700,000

3.600,000

3.500.000

3.400,000

3.300.000

3.200.000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

2,700,000

2,600,000

2,500,000

2,400,000

2,300,000

2,200,000

2,100,000.

2,000,000

1,900,000

1,800,000

1,700,000

1,600,000

1,500,000

1,400,000

1,300,000

1,200,000

1,100,000

1,000,000

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

90,000

80,000

259

XXII.-STATEMENT of the REVENUE collected in the Harbour Department, during the Year 1903.

Head of Receipt.

Amount.

New Territory,..............

1. Light Dues, Ordinance 36 of 1899,

2. Licences and Internal Revenue not otherwise specified

Chinese Passenger Ship Licences, Ordinance 1 of 1889,.. Emigration Broker's Licences, Ordinance 1 of 1889, Fines,

Fishing Stake and Station Licences, Ordinance 36 of 1899, Fishing Stake and Station Licences, Ordinance 36 of 1899 from the

Junk Licences &c., Ordinance 36 of 1899,

74,960.00

ets.

1,200.00

16.00

203.00

1,951.00

35,186.75

Junk Licences &c., Ordinance 36 of 1899, from the New Territory, Steam-launch Licences &c., Ordinance 36 of 1899,

13,532.50 2.186.25

3. Fees of Court and Office, Payments for specific purposes and Reimburse-

ments-in-Aid :-

Cargo-boat Certificates, Ordinance 36 of 1899,

36 of 1899,

Engagement and Discharge of Seamen, Ordinance 36 of 1899, Engagement of Masters and Engineers of Steam-launches, Ordinance

36 of 1899,

Examination of Masters, and Engineers of Steam-launches, Ordinance

Examination of Masters, Mates, and Engineers, Ordinance 36 of 1899, Gunpowder, Storage of, Ordinance 36 of 1889, . Medical Examination of Emigrants, Ordinance 1 of 1889, Printed Forms, Sale of Harbour Regulations, Tide Tables &c., Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent of, Ordinance 36 of 1899, Registry Fees (Merchant Shipping Act), Ordinance 36 of 1899, Steam-launches, Surveyor's Certificates, Ordinance 36 of 1899,. Survey of Steam-ships &c, Ordinance 36 of 1899, Sunday Cargo Working Permits, Ordinance 6 of 1891,

Total,....

2,404.00 24,002.60

237.50

277.50

2,305.00

22.410.20

27,224.25

209.50

3,330.00

699.00

2,745.00

34,208.37

34,800.00

285,288.42

Years.

Remarks.

XXIII.—RETURN of WORK performed by the GOVERNMENT MARINE Surveyor's DeparTMENT.

Passenger Certificate and

Inspection of Bottom.

Emigration.

Tonnage for

Registration.

British. Tonnage

Foreign Vessels. Certificate for

Inspection of

Crew Space,

Lights and

Markings.

Minor Inspec- tion.

Survey of Licen-

Steam-launches. sed Passenger

Survey of Boilers under

Construction.

Inspection of Government

Launches.

Examination of Engineers.

Examination of

neers for Steam- Chinese Engi-

launches.

Estimated Total Number of Visits in connection with fore- going Inspection.

1893,

136

1894,

124

1895,

102

1896,

142

1897,

158

1898,

164

1899,

144

1900,

151

1901,

157

1902,

175

#3# ོ ོ ོ ོ ོ

74 62

ོཔ་༔;

1903,

190

111

0 10 1 10 20 00 00 0372

1,659

116

1,364

1,452

1,409

109

1,631

121

1,729

134

1,602

187

124

1,834

217

102

118

2,031

210

126

109

1,768

184

126

2,107

XXIV-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF OPIUM.

IMPORTS.

MALWA. chests.

PATNA. BENARES. PERSIAN.

TURKISH.

chests.

1902,

7,781

23,207.

1903,

8,679

22,253

8,723 8,468

chests. 4,062 6,5211

chests.

CHINESE. chests.

TOTAL.

chests.

...

43,781

46,034

Increase,.

897

2,459

3,462

Decrease,

954

255

;

1,209

260

EXPORTS.

MALWA.

PATNA.

BENARES. PERSIAN.

TURKISH.

CHINESE.

TOTAL.

chests.

1902,

7,313

22,274

8,671

5,088

43,348

1903,

8,004

22,287

8,718

6,928

46,551

Increase, Decrease,

691

513

1,839

3,2021

Through Cargo reported in Manifests but not landed {

( 1902,.

1903,...

13,483 chests. 16,442 "9

Increase,

2,959 chests.

NUMBER OF PERMITS, &c., ISSUED.

1902.

1903.

Increase.

Decrease.

Landing Permits,

320

322

Removal Permits,

7,079

8,710

1,631

Exports Permits,

6,922

8,847

Memo. of Exports to the Commissioner of Chinese Customs, Memo. of Exports to the Superintendent of Raw Opium Depart-

ment, Macao,.

526

554

1,925 28

چیر

293

297

SUMMARY OF EXPORTS, 1903.

Malwa. Patna. Benares. Persian. Turkish. Chinese. chests. chests. chests. chests. chests. chests.

Total. chests.

Total in Piculs.

By Steamers to Amoy,

Apia,

1,806 1

1,398

3,317 1

Canton,

742

6,134

942

7,8921

3,727.95.0 1.20.0 9,309.55.0

Chefoo,

Foochow,...

1,326

662

334

1,512

28 3,834

33.60.0

4,071.00.0

Haiphong,

13.80.0

Hankow,

80.60.0

Hoihow,

156

ลง

158

189.60.0

Kingston,

1.00.0

Kwong Chow Wau,

1,650

Londou,

Macao,....

4,255

204

1,664

1,994.65.0

9.00.0

4,312

5,173.60.0

Mauritius,

7.20.0

Merida,

7.15.0

Newchwang,

1.20.0

New York,

Pakhoi,

9 101

9.22.5

121.20.0

Panama,

Philippine Islands,.

ཎྞཱ།

9.60.0

507

753

265

1,527

Sainan,

Sandakan,

1,785.62.5

1.20.0

8.17.5

Shanghai,

3,101

Straits Settlements,

6,575 34

3,605

169

2,104

13,471 2,142

15,511.22.5 2,202.00.0

Suez,

Swatow,

2,402

1,717

600

608

1 5,400

1.02.5

5,878.60.0

Taipeh,

Tansui,

25 309

...

566

762

25 1,637

30.00.0

1,831.05.0

Tientsin,

1.20.0

Vancouver,

21.60.0

Victoria B. C.,

74.40.0

Wei-hai-wei,

Wuchow,....

By Junks to various adjacent Ports in China,

3701/

433

72.2

10.40.0

10.80.0

8081

895.57.5

Total,......

8,004 22,787 8,717

6,928

46,550

53,024.00.0

The information in Column 8 above is on the following assumption

Patna and Benares, per chest,..............

Malwa, Turkish and Chinese, per chest, Persian, per chest,

1.20 piculs. 1.00 19

1.02.5

NO. 1904

HONGKONG.

VIOLATION OF BRITISH TERRITORY: DES VOEUX ROAD MURDER, 1903. (HUNG TSUN-FUK CASE.)

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

(From Governor Sir Henry Blake to the Secretary of State.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 18th June, 1903.

SIR,- With reference to my Despatch of 30th April,* I have the honour to transmit a copy of a Memorandum* giving an epitome of the information and evidence in the possession of the Government. There is reason to believe that HUNG TSUN KWEI was a prominent member of the conspiracy of which the Chinese Authorities received the first intimation from this Government. This man left Hongkong on the 31st March. A reward had been offered for his capture, dead or alive, and for the purpose of obtaining this reward a Cantonese bad character named CHEUNG CHO TING appears to have conceived the crime of enticing to Hongkong a friend in Canton, who bore a likeness to HUNG TSUN KWEI the conspirator, and there murdering him and returning the body to Canton as that of HUNG TSUN KWEI and claiming the reward. The Memorandum shows the manner in which this scheme was carried out. The action of the Chinese Gunboat leaves no doubt that by some authority the Gunboat was engaged on the service of conveying a kidnapped prisoner, or a murdered body from Hongkong, and there is evidence of the direct complicity of Admiral Ho in the violation of British territory.

I have, &c.,

HENRY A. BLAKE,

Governor, &c.

II.

(From the Officer Administering the Government to His Majesty's Minister, Peking.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE,

HONGKONG, 20th April, 1904.

SIR,--With reference to Your Excellency's letter of the 1st of January and to previous correspondence,* I have the honour to inform you that the murderer of the victim whose body was substituted for that of HUNG TSUN-FUK has been duly brought to trial at Canton.

2. His Majesty's Consul General there has communicated to me a memoran- dum of conditions of settlement of this case signed by the Viceroy's Foreign Secretary and himself, and I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that these terins are acceptable to this Government.

I have, &c.,

* Not printed,

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government.

No. 138.

-.506

III.

(From His Majesty's Acting Consul General, Canton, to

the Acting Colonial Secretary.)

HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL, CANTON, 5th May, 1904.

SIR,-With reference to my Despatch No. 120 of April 18th* on the HUNG TSUN-FUK case, I have the honour to inform you that CHANG C'HO-T'ING was executed yesterday in the presence of two members of the Staff of this Consulate General. I enclose a copy of Mr. Vice-Consul GILES' report on the subject.

I also enclose a translation* of a Despatch received from the Viceroy, in which His Excellency apologises for the infringement of Hongkong territory, and thanks the Hongkong Government for the assistance given in the investigation of the whole case.

I replied to this Despatch yesterday in the terms of enclosure 3.*

I have, &c.,

C. W. CAMPBELL,

Acting Consul General.

(Enclosure to No. 138 of the 5th May, 1904. From Mr. B. Giles to Mr. C. W. Campbell, C.M.G.).

HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL,

CANTON, 4th May, 1904.

SIR, With reference to the case of the murder of HUNG TSUN-FUK by CHANG C'HO-T'ING in Hongkong, I have the honour to report that, in accordance with your instructions, I proceeded this afternoon to the execution ground to be present at the execution of CHANG C'HO-T'ING by the Native Authorities. On arriving at the place Mr. MAJOR, who accompanied me, identified the criminal, who was then immediately beheaded in our presence.

;

I have, &c.,

BERTRAM GILES,

Vice-Consul.

IV.

(From the Acting Colonial Secretary to His Majesty's Acting Consul General, Canton.)

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 10th May, 1904.

SIR,-I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 138 of the 5th instant, in which you state that CHANG C'HO-T'ING was executed on the 4th instant, and enclosing a translation of a letter from the Viceroy of the Two Kwangs in which he apologises for the violation of British Sovereignty committed at the instigation of Chinese Officials in connection with the case of HUNG TSUN- FUK. I am to request you to be so good as to inform the Viceroy that this Govern- ment accepts his expressions of regret at the circumstance. His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government felt satisfied that when the facts were made known to His Excellency the Viceroy, he would use every effort to bring the offenders to justice, and expects in due course to receive an assurance that the other persons implicated in the outrage have also undergone suitable punishment.

I have, &c.,

A. M. THOMSON, Acting Colonial Secretary.

* Not printed.

No. 157.

507

(From His Majesty's Acting Consul General, Canton, to the

Acting Colonial Secretary.

HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL,

CANTON, 27th May, 1904.

The Imperial Decree therein enclosed appears to me to be satisfactory, and I propose to inform the Viceroy that as soon as I receive His Excellency's assurance that the punish- ments stated have been carried out the HUNG TSUN-FUK case will be considered closed.

I have, &c.,

C. W. CAMPBELL,

Acting Consul General.

(Enclosure to No. 157 of the 27th May, 1904. Translation of a Despatch from Viceroy Ts'en to Mr. Campbell.)

SIR,With reference to the case of HUNG TSUN-FUK, I have the honour to inform you that I memorialised the Throne, praying that all the officials who had been implicated in the affair should be dealt with, each according to his deserts. On the 17th of May last I received an Imperial Edict, copy of which I herewith transmit for your information.

I have, &c.,

(Viceroy's Seal.)

Copy of Imperial Edict.

With reference to the Memorial of Viceroy Ts'EN, praying for the punishment of the spy who compassed the death of the man he had deceived, thereby violating the territory of Hongkong and received a reward under false pretences; and that of the officials who connived at his offence; we hereby decree that Ho WEI-TSUNG, Senior Lieutenant in charge of the 4th Battalion of the 1st Division of the Pro- vincial Admiral's troops; LIN SHAN, Senior Lieutenant in charge of the 4th Battalion of the 4th Division under the command of the Colonel stationed at Ch'ih-hsi; FANG HSING-KUO, SU T'ING-CHEN and LIU CHIN-YUEH, Senior Sub- Lieutenants, and the deceased Sergeant CHU CH'ANG are to be cashiered. CH'ANG-CH'ING, Admiral for the Province of Kuang-tung, who was guilty of neglect of duty, is to be removed from his post as a warning to others. For the rest, the matter is to be dealt with as suggested by the Viceroy.

No. 185.

VI.

(From His Majesty's Acting Consul General, Canton, to

the Acting Colonial Secretary).

HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL, CANTON, 20th June, 1904.

SIR,-With reference to my letter No. 157 of May 27th. I have the honour to enclose a copy and translation of a Despatch from the Viceroy, in which His Excellency states that Admiral Ho has been removed, and that the minor officials concerned in the HUNG TSUN-FUK case have been dismissed.

I have informed the Viceroy that the case may now be considered closed.

I have, &c.,

C. M. CAMPBELL,

Acting Consul General.

(No. IV.)

† Not printed.

508

(Enclosure to No. 185 of the 20th June, 1904. From

Viceroy Ts'en to Mr. Campbell).

(Translation.)

16th June, 1904.

SIR, With reference to the HUNG TSUN-FUK case, I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your Despatch of the 5th instant stating that you had communicated the contents of my Despatch on the subject to the Government of Hongkong, who had replied that when all the terms of settlement mentioned in the Imperial Edict had been duly carried out, the case might then be considered as definitely closed.

I was on the point of drafting a reply to you, when a communication on the subject came to hand from the Wai Wu Pu. The Wai Wu Pu therein informed me that, having received from the Grand Council a copy of the Imperial Edict issued in answer to the memorial presented by me detailing the circumstances of the case and asking for the punishment of those implicated, they forwarded the same, to- gether with a copy of my original memorial to the British Minister, who had expressed his acknowledgments for such a very satisfactory settlement.

When the Imperial Edict above referred to was telegraphed to me, I immedi- ately sent copies to the various officials concerned for their guidance, as well as one to you for your information. Since then Admiral Ho CHANG-CH'ING has been removed from his post; and the vacancies caused by the dismissal of the other officers implicated have been filled by temporary substitutes. The terms of settle- ment have thus been carried out in full; and I would therefore ask you to inform the Governor of Hongkong accordingly.

I have, &c.,

(Viceroy's Seal.)

instant

VII.

(From the Acting Colonial Secretary to His Majesty's Acting

Consul General, Cantom.)

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE, HONGKONG, 25th June, 1904.

SIR,-I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 20th, enclosing copy of Despatch from the Viceroy of the Two Kwangs stating that Admiral Ho had been removed from office and that the minor officials conerned in the HUNG case had been dismissed. You added that you had in- formed the Viceroy that the case may now be considered closed.

On behalf of this Government, I am to thank you for the valuable assistance rendered by you in connection with this case.

I have, &c.,

(No.. VL)

A. M. THONSON,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

HONGKONG.

LAND COURT, NEW TERRITORY.

REVISED ESTIMATE, 1904.

No. 1904

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

Approved Estimate, 1904, (Six Months).

Revised Estimate, 1904.

Not required.

Amount to be voted.

PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS.

President,

3,000

Do., Exchange Compensation,.

2,400

161.29 114.51

2,838.71 2.285.49

Registrar,

600

1,200

600

Do., Exchange Compensation,

480

960

480

2 Demarcation Officers, at $1,500 each,

1,875

* 1,875

Do.,

Exchange Compensation,

1,500

First Clerk and Interpreter, ($720 to $1,200 by $60

biennially), I. D. 2nd class,

900

720

180

First Clerk, Tai Po Branch, I. D. 2nd class,

390

Registrar's Interpreter, ($720 to $1,200 by $60 bien-

nially), I.D. 2nd class,

780

Assistant Clerk,

840

Do.,

210

420

210

Copying Clerk,

420

Do.,

240

Do.,

at $180 each,

720

Claims Room Clerk,

300

Head Demurcator,

120

240

120

2 Demarcators, at $180 each,

180

360

180

Demarcator,

180

Office Messenger,

108

2 Senior Process Servers, at $120 each,

240

2 Junior

Do.,

at $108 each,

216

4 Coolies, at $96 each,

270

384

114

Employed in Tai Po.

4 Process Servers, at $108 each, 4 Copping Clerks, at $300 each, Demarcator,

432

1,200

180

432 1,200

180

نیم

Total Personal Emoluments,.

8,604

13,790.80

5,694.20

10,881

OTHER CHARGES.

Incidentals, (Hongkong),

Do., (Tai Po),

Launch and Sampan Hire,...

Office Furniture,....

Temporary Clerical Assistance,

•

President,

150

1,000

850

800

300

200

300

100

200

750

240

Member,

480

•

Travelling Allowance for Registrar,

210

480

240

First Clerk,.

Second Clerk,

Total Other Charges,......................

Total Personal Emoluments,.

Total Land Court, New Territory,

950

8,604

3,510 13,790.80

360

2,920

5,694.20

10,881

9,554

17,300.80

6,054.20

13,801

[Excess over original Estimate, $7,746.80.]

* Two only required to 31st March, when services of one will be dispensed with.

NO. 1904

HONGKONG.

MARINE LOT No. 184.-MESSRS. STEPHENS AND HOWARD'S PETITION.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

HONGKONG.

No. 380.

DOWNING STREET,

21st October, 1903.

SIR, With reference to my despatch No. 262 of the 16th of July last,* relative to a petition presented to His Majesty the KING by Messrs. STEPHENS and HOWARD, I have the honour to forward copy of a letter dated 5th September* addressed by them to the Secretary of State for the Home Department.

2. As you have already been informed, His Majesty was not pleased to give directions with regard to the petition, and Messrs. STEPHENS and HOWARD were so informed.

any

3. Mr. HOWARD has, however, since on two occasions in a personal interview with the Legal Assistant Under Secretary to this Department represented that great injustice has been done to him by the entire inadequacy of the sum awarded to his firm and has contended that they were entitled to rely on the promise of Sir G. DES VEUX in his message to the Legislative Council of the 22nd of March, 1889, that the fullest justice would be done in respect of private rights, a promise which Mr. HOWARD alleges has not in this case been fulfilled.

4. On consideration of the petition and of your despatch No. 59 of the 15th of March, 1899,* I am not entirely satisfied that the compensation awarded to Messrs. STEPHENS and HOWARD may not have been inadequate, but it is obvious that such a question can only be decided in the light of local knowledge and experience.

5. I therefore request that you will be good enough to investigate the whole matter afresh, and, if you are of opinion that substantial justice demands it, to ask the Legislative Council to vote an additional sum to the Petitioners, to be paid to them merely as a matter of grace but not of right.

Governor

Sir H. A. BLAKE, G.C.M.G.,

&c.,

I have, &c.,

ALFRED LYTTELTON.

&c..

* Not printed.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL CIVIL MEDICAL OFFICER, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, HONGKONG, 30th March, 1904.

SIR, -I have the honour to submit, for the information of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, the following Report on the working of the Medical Department for the year 1903.

MEDICAL STAFF.

Dr. J. BELL returned from leave in March and took over the duties of Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital. Dr. J. C. THOMSON left for a year's leave in September.

Dr. E. A. R. LAING proceeded on short leave to Japan in May, returning in July. Dr. W. V. M. KocH arrived in the Colony for the service of this depart- ment in May, he having been transferred here from the Medical Department of the Colony of Trinidad.

POLICE.

The admissions to the Hospital show a decrease of 179, the number being 759 as compared with 938 in 1902. The strength of the Force was 921 as against 881 in 1902.

This diminution is mainly due to the fact that dengue was not so prevalent as

in 1902.

There were five deaths as compared with two in 1902, and twenty were invalided as against twelve in the previous year.

The number admitted suffering from malarial fever was 167 as against 176 in 1902, and 407 in 1901, there is no doubt that this disease is much less prevalent amongst the Police than in former years.

Table I gives the sick rate and the mortality rate in the different sectious of the l'olice for the last ten years.

Table II gives the admissions and deaths in the Government Civil Hospital during each month of the year 1903.

Table III gives the admissions to the Hospital from the Police for malarial fever from each station during 1903.

The following table gives the total admissions to Hospital and deaths in the Force for the last ten years :---

Year.

Admissions.

Deaths.

1894,

...505

1895..

...466

1896.

.588

1897,

.526

1898.

.488

1899,

.692

1900,.

..920

1901,

.937

1902,...

.938

1903,...

...759

TROOPS.

This was a much healthier year for the Troops as shewn by the decrease in the number of admissions to Hospital and by the fewer number of deaths. Especially marked is the diminution in the number of cases of malarial fever admitted to

406

hospital as shown by the following figures kindly supplied to me by Colonel WEBB, a result undoubtedly due to the extensive training of nullahs and other anti-malarial measures which have been carried on in the neighbourhood of the Barracks by the Military Authorities.

Return shewing the number of Admissions for Malarial Fevers to the Military Hospitals during the years 1902 and 1903.

Year.

Annual

Average Admissions.

Ratio

Remarks.

Strength.

per 1.000.

Europeans,

1902

1,381

1,523

1,102.8

Asiatics,

2.741

1,443

526.5

Europeans,

1903

1,220

937

768.0

Asiatics,

2,568

1,223

476.2

Decrease 1903: Europeans, 568 or 334.8 per 1,000 of strength.

Asiatics, 220 or 50.3

The average rate of sickness was less in both European and Indian Troops. The rate of mortality was lower amongst the European but higher amongst the Indians than in the previous year.

The following table shows the rate of Sickness and Mortality of the Troops serving in Hongkong during the years 1902 and 1903:—

YEAR.

AVERAGE STRENGTH.

ADMISSIONS INTO HOSPITAL.

DEATHS.

AVERAGE DAILY RATE OF SICKNESS.

White. Black. Total. White. Black. Total. White. Black. Total. White. Black. Total.

RATE OF MORTALITY PER 1,000 OF THE STRENGTH.

White.

Black.

1902, 13,81 2,748 4,129 2,994| 3,346 6,340

1903, 1,220 2,568 3,788|| 1,996 2,719 4,715

*19 38

181.7: 132 263.7

112.89 116.82 229.7

13.77

6.91

9.8

7.8

W. F. WEBB, R.A.M.C., P. M. O., H. M. Troops, South China.

The disease causing the greatest number of deaths were as follows:- malarial fever eight, dysentery three, pneumonia three, enteric fever two, heart disease two. There were also two deaths from gunshot wounds and one from opium poisoning.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

Attached is a very full and interesting report by the Superintendent on the working of the institution during the year.

He refers to the need of a new operating theatre.

There is no doubt that the question of constructing an entirely new Hospital, arranged in accordance with the best modern practice, will have to be seriously considered in the near future.

The present buildings are old and cost a considerable sum of money yearly in repairs.

Amongst our requirements are:-

(1.) Increased office and store accommodation.

(2.) A hospital laundry.

(3.) Increased accommodation for private patients.

(4.) An operating theatre detached from the hospital proper but con-

nected with it by a covered passage.

In my reports as Superintendent of the hospital for the years 1892 and 1893 and later, I have referred to this, and I would again suggest the reserving of a site for a new hospital.

* In Hongkong.

407

It will be seen from the report that there was a decrease of 314 in the number of in-patients as compared with 1902, this was accounted for by the fact that for part of the year two of the wards were closed for repairs, and also there were 299 fewer admissions from dengue.

The number of in-patients shows a slight increase.

The rate of mortality was somewhat higher, viz., 5.08 per cent. as compared with 4.5 per cent. in 1902.

The following table gives the mortality rate for the past ten years:—

Year.

1894,

1895.

1896,

1897

1898

1899.

1900.

1901,

1902.

་

1903,

Rate of Mortality, Per Cent.

...5.14

4.99

5.50

..4.86

..5.36

4.16

.5.16

.....5.18

....4.50

......5.08

It is satisfactory to note that the diminution in the number of admissions from malarial fevers is maintained, the number for last year being 346 as compared with 349 in 1902, and 787 in 1901.

The type most usually met with is the malignant, the next in frequency is the tertian, the quartan being the least frequent.

With regard to typhoid fever our experience tends to confirm that of Sir PATRICK MANSON, that it is a much more serious disease in the tropics than at home. A modification of Ross' method of preparing blood films was adopted by Dr. BELL for the microscopic examination of blood for the detection of plague bacilli. By its means many mild cases of plague were diagnosed and cases were detected in an earlier stage.

The microscopic examination of blood for plague, however, should only be used as a confirmatory test and aid to diagnosis; any doubtful cases should be referred to the Government Bacteriologist (Dr. HUNTER) for culture experiment.

As far as our present experience of plague goes one would not be justified in treating patients suffering from this disease elsewhere than in an isolated room or hospital ward.

Judging by Dr. THOMSON'S report the treatment of this disease by large doses of carbolic acid-twelve grains every two hours-given internally, seems to offer the best chance of recovery.

Phthisis is very prevalent here and if we believe in the infectivity of tubercle' bacilli the reason is not far to seek, as the Chinese, especially from my experience Eurasians, are very subject to this disease. It is particularly those whose occupa- tion is of a sedentary nature, such as clerks, who are attacked.

Many interesting facts are stated concerning dysentery. Undoubtedly there are many varieties of this disease; indeed it is possible that there are several diseases included under the name dysentery. I anticipate great assistance in the research into this and other tropical diseases when the Bacteriological laboratory, the plans of which have been approved, is in working order.

Attached to this report are the usual tables, and in an appendix are given the notes of several cases of interest which have occurred in the Government Civil Hospital during the year.

LUNATIC ASYLUMS.

Tables IX and X give the admissions and deaths during the year, also the diseases from which the patients were suffering.

As Dr. LAING's report shows there were 35 more admissions than in the previous year, causing considerable overcrowding. Should this continue the question of enlarging the present Asylum, or building an entirely new one, will have to be seriously considered.

408

MATERNITY HOSPITAL.

Table VII gives the admissions during each month of the year. In all there were 31 Europeans and 37 Asiaties, as against 29 Europeans, one Indian, and 37 Chinese in 1902.

VICTORIA HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

This hospital, which has been built by the public of Hongkong in memory of of Her late Most Gracious Majesty Queen VICTORIA, was opened by His Excellency Sir HENRY BLAKE, G.C.M.G., on November 7th.

It was then formally handed over to the Government by the Hon. Sir C. P. CHATER, C.M.G., on behalf of the Jubilee Committee.

It is situated on the Barker Road some 800 feet above the sea level, and provides accommodation for thirty-three women and eight children. A much needed want is thus supplied, as the Government Civil Hospital has only one general ward for women of all nationalities and one private ward.

On the ground floor there are four private wards, a dispensary, an office and children's ward; on the first floor there are two general wards--one for Europeans and one for Asiatics-each containing twelve beds. It remains to be seen whether the Chinese will avail themselves of the benefits of this hospital as they seem to have an objection to living on the higher levels. On the first floor there is also a small isolation ward and an operating theatre.

In addition to the hospital there are quarters for a Resident Doctor and for the Nursing staff, these being connected with the main building by a covered passage.

There is no doubt that this Hospital will prove a boon to the yearly increasing number of Government servants and residents who have to reside in the overcrowd- ed lower part of the town.

VICTORIA GAOL.

The following table gives the number of admissions to the Gaol and the daily average number of prisoners during the past ten years:-

Prisoners admitted

to the Gaol.

Year.

Daily Average No.

of Prisoners.

1894,

..3,913

455

1895,

..5,014

472

1896,

.5,582

514

1897,

..5,076

462

1898.

..5,427

511

1899,

..4,789

434

1900,

.5,432

486

1901,

..5.077

499

1902,

..5.988

576

1903,

........7.273

653

From Dr. Koca's report it will be seen that there has been and is consider- able overcrowding at the Gaol.

From the 16th May to the 4th June, there was a sharp outbreak of plague in the Gaol; during this time 15 cases occurred.

A Committee was appointed by His Excellency the Governor to enquire into this outbreak, and a report has been submitted. In their opinion overcrowding was an important factor in the causation of this outbreak.

On the 30th May, 100 short sentence prisoners were released by order of H. E. the Governor; taking seven days from this date as the limit of the period of incubation, no more cases developed after the release of these prisoners.

With a view to relieving the overcrowding as far as possible, the Belilios Reformatory has been utilised as a temporary auxiliary prison; but the evil,. though diminished thereby, has not yet been removed.

TUNG WAI HOSPITAL.

The number of admissions was 119 less than in 1902.

409

The proportion of those under European treatment was much larger than in 1902, the figures for the last three years being

I ear.

1901, 1902,

1903,

European Treatment. .30.4 ..31.9. ....53.6

Chinese Treatment.

69.6 per cent.

68.1

46.3

وف

An out-patient department has been established where Chinese can be treated by European methods.

Arrangements were made this year for the treatment in the hospital of patients suffering from venereal disease, a much needed requirement as the hospital accommodation for such is very limited.

On March 26th His Excellency the Governor Sir HENRY BLAKE opened the New Wing, which supplies 76 more beds.

PUBLIC MORTUARY AND VACCINE INSTITUTE.

The mortuary is being entirely rebuilt. Much has been done during the year, in addition to the new mortuary buildings, pathological laboratories have been erected for the examination of rats, &c., and there are suitable offices and servants' quarters attached.

Dr. HUNTER'S Annual Report on the work done in the Bacteriological Sub- department has appeared separately in the Government Gazette.

It is a valuable scientific report showing evidence of much useful work having been accomplished.

The subject of Tuberculosis is particularly interesting and has been most thoroughly investigated and the results found especially with reference to the moot question of intestinal infection are of great importance. The reason why tuber- culosis is so rare amongst children may be because Chinese children do not as a rule drink milk.

The etiology of liver abscess requires much further clucidation as Dr. HUNTER'S conclusions show.

With regard to Plague further light has been thrown on the possible sources- of infection, the fact that food such as rice has been found infected with plague bacilli and that fowls, ducks &c. have been found to have died from this disease proves that infection by food may be much more common is this diseare than is generally supposed.

Then again the results of the post-mortem examinations of children under five years of age throws light on the high infantile Chinese mortality which prevails here.

An investigation has also been commenced into an epidemic disease which has affected cattle: this appears to be a form of Hæmorrhagic Septicemia.

Owing to the want of a properly equipped Laboratory the greater part of the work has been carried out at the Public Mortuary.

The plans for a Bacteriological Laboratory have been finally approved; and it is to be hoped that before the next annual report appears it will have been erected.

The combination of bacteriological research with the pathological material afforded at the Public Mortuary presents opportunities second to none for the investigation of many tropical diseases, such as beri-beri, dysentery, &c., the etiology of which is as yet obscure.

KENNEDY TOWN INFECTIOUS HOSPITALS.

During the year, 348 patients were admitted, 15 being cases of small-pox, 301 of plague, 2 cholera, and 20 under observation.

Of the 301 plague cases, 176 died, showing a mortality of 58.5 per cent. This is the lowest in the history of the hospital.

From Dr. THOMSON's report it will be seen that the most successful treatment was that of the internal administration of carbolic acid in 12-grain doses given every two hours.

410

Dr. JEU HAWK acted as Resident Medical Officer during the time plague was prevalent.

The Hospital Hulk "Hygeia" was moored off Kennedy Town Hospital from 2nd February to the 5th August and used for the treatment of small-pox cases.

The new Plague, branch of the Tung Wah Hospital was opened by His Excellency Sir HENRY BLAKE on June 6th. It contains 7 wards and supplies accommodation for 64 patients. Sixty-two patients were treated there, and it was closed on July 21st. This hospital was built entirely with funds raised by the Chinese in connexion with the Tung Wah and it is intended that the patients can be treated by the native doctors or by European methods according to their choice, but the hospital is under the sanitary supervision of the Medical Officers of Health.

VACCINATIONS.

The following were performed during the year:

Government Civil Hospital,

Victoria Gaol,

Alice Memorial Hospital,

Tung Wah:-

Victoria,

Aberdeen,

Stanley,

Shaukiwan,

Kowloon,

453

2,887

321

.1,591

5,048

ANTI-MALARIAL MEASURES.

These have been continued during the year more especially in the Western District.

The neighbourhood of Magazine Gap as also the district at the Peak between Mount Gough and "The Falls" have been dealt with.

NEW TERRITORY.

Mr. Ho NAI Hop having resigned the post of Chinese Medical Officer to the New Territory, Mr. LAU LAI was transferred to Tai Po from the Government Dispensary at Wan-chai and took over the duties of the office from the 8th Jan- uary, 1903. He regularly visited the outstations including the Leper settlement at Ău-tau, 150 visits being paid during the year.

The total number of out-patients treated was 2,196 as compared with 1,749 in 1902, an increase of 447.

Malarial Fevers.-There was a considerable increase in the number of patients treated suffering from this class of diseases, the numbers being 525 as against 275 in 1902, a clear proof that the inhabitants are beginning to realise the benefits of western treatment.

The Police have suffered somewhat more from fever than in the previous year although there is still a marked decrease in the number of cases as compared with 1901.

Plague.-An Indian Policeman from Sha Tau Kok was sent in to hospital suffering from plague; eleven other cases of plague occurred during the year; these are referred to in the report of the Medical Officer of Health.

Small-pox.-There was no epidemic this year such as occurred in 1902. Only one case was reported, that of a Chinese boy at Tong To Chan in the Sha Tau Kok district. He made a good recovery.

Vaccinations.-516 were vaccinated as compared with 336 in 1902, 216 chil- dren were vaccinated by Mr. LAU LAI, the remaining 300 by three Chinese local Vaccinators whom the Government supplied with calf lymph.

Cholera.-No cases occurred during the year. There was however an outbreak of summer diarrhoea at UN LOONG, in the Au Tau district, between twenty and thirty children dying of this disease after from two to three days' illness.

411

Dr. BARNETT visited the neighbourhood and investigated this outbreak. As he found that the water was polluted, the wells have been reconstructed so as to prevent this in future.

Attached are reports of:-

1. The Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital.

2. The Medical Officer in charge of the Lunatic Asylums.

3. The Medical Officer in charge of the Infectious Diseases Hospitals.

4. The Medical Officer in charge of the Victoria Gaol.

5. The Inspecting Medical Officer of the Tung Wah Hospital.

6. The Report by Dr. THOMSON on plague cases treated in Kennedy

Town Hospital up to July 6th, 1903.

7. The Report of the Government Analyst.

I have, &c.,

J. M. ATKINSON, M.B. (London), D.P.H. (Camb.), &c.,

Principal Civil Medical Officer.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

Report of the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 7th January, 1904.

SIR,-I have the honour to submit herewith the annual report on the work done in the Government Civil and Maternity Hospitals during the year 1903 with the usual statistical tables.

MEDICAL STAFF.

I returned from leave in March and took over charge as Superintendent, this post having been revived.

Dr. LAING, Assistant Superintendent, proceeded on leave to Japan in May and was succeeded by Dr. KocH who joined the department from the Colonial Service of Trinidad. Dr. LAING returned in July.

NURSING STAFF.

Sister LAZENBY resigned in February. Sister DEWAR arrived from home and joined in April. Sisters LEE and SCHAFER arrived in May. Sister MILLING- TON left on home leave in June. Sister SCHAFER was granted special leave to Japan in July owing to an attack of plague. Sister WATSON was, I regret to

invalided in August. Sister MAKER proceeded on home leave in October. Sister ABRAHAMS arrived in November but at once resigned and left in December.

say,

Sister BARR returned from home leave in December but jcined Victoria Hospital as Senior Sister in charge.

Wardmaster CookE joined from the Police in June.

Wardmaster RICHMOND resigned in September and was succeeded by Ward- master MULROONEY from the Royal Artillery.

Wardınaster MCFARLANE, transferred from the Asylum for duty here, was dismissed in December.

I regret to say there has been a good deal of sickness amongst the nursing staff during the past year due to dysentery, malaria, dengue fever and plague.

During the plague epidemic the Nursing Sisters all took their turn of duty at Kennedy Town Hospital but fortunately only one contracted the disease.

412

DISPENSARY STAFF.

I regret to report the death of Mr. UI CHU, Apothecary's Assistant, from phthisis in September. He was always reliable, steady and obliging and his death was much regretted. Mr. LI MUN was promoted in his place and in turn was succeeded by Mr. TONG HOK LING as Third Apothecary's Assistant.

CLERICAL STAFF.

Mr. SUN UN PAN, 1st Assistant Clerk, was appointed Temporary Clerk in January. Mr. YEUNG MAN YUK was appointed 1st Assistant Clerk in February in succession to Mr. SUN UN PAN.

Mr. SUN UN PAN died on 6th June.

Mr. YEUNG MAM YUK was appointed Temporary Clerk vice SUN UN PAN. Mr. CHAN TAK CHIU was appointed 1st Assistant Clerk in June vice YEUNG MAM YUK.

Mr. IP HIN SING, Clerk, was dismissed in June.

Mr. YEUNG MAM YUK, Temporary Clerk, was appointed Clerk vice IP HIN SING.

Mr. LEONG A KIM was appointed Temporary Clerk in July vice YEUNG MAM YUK.

BUILDINGS.

The buildings are all in a fair state of repair. The roofs leaked badly in the rainy season but I am glad to say this important matter has been taken in hand by the Public Works Department and we have every prospect of soon having a thoroughly watertight roof.

I trust in the near future we will have a new and modern operating theatre as this is much required and if built would give us two extra private wards which we also need as the few we have, are full most of the year.

I also hope some day to see all the lavatories properly tiled as it is very difficult to keep them clean in their present condition. This might be done little by little so as not to involve too great an outlay in one year but I sincerely hope a commencement will soon be made.

The electric light and fans have on the whole worked well and needless to say have much improved the wards. When, however, they do go wrong the want of a duplicate system in the shape of gas is much felt and I should much like to see this addition made.

POLICE.

There were 759 admissions as against 938 in 1902, the strength being 921 as- against 881. This marked diminution is almost entirely due to the smaller num- ber of cases of dengue fever-62 as against 217.

There were 20 Europeans, 48 Indians, and 109 less Chinese admitted as compared with last year.

Table I. gives the sick and mortality rate in percentage of strength for the last ten years.

The following Table gives the admissions and total deaths from the various sections of the Force during the last ten years :-

EUROPEANS.

INDIANS.

CHINESE.

TOTAL ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

1894

127

244

134

505

1895

254

116

466

1896

370

124

588

1897

320

107

526

1898

279

122

488

1899

117

421

154

692

1900

183

522

215

920

1901

202

521

214

937

1902

150

479

307

936

1903

130

431

198

759

Total,

1,279

3,841

1,691

6,817

413

There were 5 deaths as compared with 2 in 1902. Two were Indians and 3 Chinese. Causes of death were Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Phthisis, Cirrhosis of Liver and Septicæmia.

There were 20 cases of invaliding-1 European, 12 Indians and 7 Chinese- the diseases for which they were invalided being injury to the foot necessitating amputation of the toes, Phthisis (11), Pleurisy (1), Rheumatism (2), Cardiac Disease (1), Beri-beri (3), Tuberculosis (1).

Malaria-167 admissions as against 176 in 1902, or 18.13 per cent. of the force were attacked as against 19.06 per cent. last year, a slight decrease. Of those who sufferred 14.15 per cent. were Europeans, 32.94 Indians, and 10.22 Chinese.

The New Territory has not shown such a marked improvement as the following table of admissions compared to strength shows:--

1901.

1902.

1903.

Sha Tau Kok,

30.7

nil.

15.38

Ping Shan,.

64.2

7.1

45.45

Sai Kung,

28.5

16.6

San Tin,..

25.0

nil.

Tai Po,......

70.0

50.0

33.3

Sha Tin,.

25.0

mil.

12.5

Tai 0,...

10.0

11.1

Au Tau,

121.4

7.6

61.5

Sheung Shui,

63.6

20.0

9.0

The only stations showing a decrease are Tai Po and Sheung Shui, whilst most of the others show an increase. These figures are fairly accurate though there is a slight, error. We find that the prophylactic use of quinine and still more so the dosing the men receive at the station before coming in upsets the blood diagnosis. In some cases it is two or three days before the parasite is found and in others they do not recur and so the case, presumably malaria, goes down under "Febricula.' The average number of days each inan spent in hospital for this disease was 7.9.

Phthisis.-13 cases were under treatment with 1 death. Of these 9 were Indians and 4 Chinese or 2.60 per cent. Indians and 1.10 per cent. Chinese. As already stated 11 cases were invalided. It is difficult to account for the prevalence of this disease, as amongst neither section does the usual predisposing causes summarised as "low vitality and bad hygienic conditions" apply. They are all picked men and free from all apparent disease when passed into the service and are well housed, clothed and fed. A close study of the disease as it occurs amongst the Police does not impress one much with the tubercle bacilli as an agent in its spread, though it may seem treason to say so in these bacteriological days. If it were a contagious disease one would certainly expect some cases amongst the European section, as the men all live under similar conditions and the whole Colony must be teeming with tubercle bacilli. Unfortunately with Indians and Chinese it is not possible to get any family history and so one cannot say anything as to the hereditary ten- dency or predisposition of each individual attacked. The tropical practitioner's great stand by-malaria-next suggests itselfas a predisposing cause. Both Indians and Chinese suffer much more from this latter disease than do Europeans and it is interesting to note that they also suffer much in the same proportion from phthisis as they do from malaria:-

Malaria-32.94% Indians, 10.22% Chinese,

Phthisis-2.60% Indians, 1.10% Chinese, and this relationship also holds for the two diseases in the general hospital returns.

414

As regards season-and climatic influences may have something to do with the spread the following table gives the admissions for each month compared to the number of Police admitted:-

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June,

July,.

August..

September,

October,

November,

December,

.3.17

5.00

Nil.

..5.17

2.27

..1.44

...Nil.

...2.50

...0.90

...1.40

..Nil.

....Nil.

In summer (May to October) 1.34% as against 2.22% in winter (November to April). February and April are the worst months both in the Police and in the General Hospital returns.

Dysentery-13 cases were under treatment, of which 2 were Europeans, 11 Indians and none Chinese, the latter suffering very much less which is also found to be the case in the General Hospital returns. Possibly this may be due to their rarely drinking unboiled water as all evidence points towards dysentery being a water-borne disease in the vast majority of cases.

Beri-beri.-9 cases, all amongst the Chinese section. There were no deaths but 3 were invalided. We are still quite ignorant of the cause of this disease and I regret we have no further light to throw on the subject. The blood and stools of all cases and the cerebro spinal fluid in two were examined microscopically but without any result.

Typhoid Fever.-Only one case occurred in the Police during the year, the patient being a European. He recovered and is now doing his duty.

The other ailments (dengue fever, influenza, &c.) call for no special remarks. There were no serious accidents or injuries save one in which a Sergeant as the result of a fall developed gangrene of the toes necessitating partial amputation of the foot. He did well but had to be invalided.

Table II. gives the admissions and deaths during each month of the year. Table III. gives the admissions to hospital from each station for malaria. Exclusive of certain New Territory Stations already dealt with, this table shows a diminution in cases from Central, No. 1, No. 2, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, Tzat Tze Mui, Pokfulam, Water, Shek O and Stonecutters' Island, and an increase from Nos. 3 and 8, Quarry Bay, Shaukiwan, Aberdeen, Stanley, Yaumati, Hung- hom, Tung Ching, Kowloon City, Kennedy Town, and Lamma Island.

GAOL STAFF.

There were 77 admissions out of a staff of 93 or 82.79 per cent. as against 94.50 per cent. in 1902. Two Indians were invalided for tuberculosis and one died of hepatic abscess.

SANITARY DEPARTMENT.

There were 34 admissions as against 64 in 1901. There were no deaths and no cases invalided.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL.

The total number of admissions was 2,794 as against 3,108 in 1902. The decrease is partly due to fewer cases of dengue and to the fact that, owing to repairs, C. Block has been closed for the last two months thus depriving us of 28 beds.

The total number of out-patients was 11,911 as against 11,815 in 1902. Attached are the following tables:-

Table IV. Showing the admissions and deaths in the hospital during each month.

Table V.

Showing the operations performed.

Table VI.

Showing admissions and deaths under respective diseases.

415

Table VII. Showing admissions and deaths in the Maternity Hospital. Table VIII. Showing varieties of malarial fever met with during the year.

The following table gives the number and class of patients admitted during the past ten years:

YEAR.

1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903

Police,

505

466

588

529 488 692

920 937 938 759

Paying Patients.........

191

198 632

603

741

764

891

830

931

777

Govt. Servants,

168

203

269

227

186

208

266 339

460

319

Police cases,

272

319

244

299

306 306

347

348

300

276

Free.

427

668

778

742

785 739

569 466

454

646

Board of Trade,

100 129

Total,.....

1,963 2,283 2,598 2,4452,571 2,734 3,030 2,9483,108 2,794

This shows as compared with last year a decrease in the number of patients admitted under all headings except "Free."

The admissions and deaths for the last ten years are as follow:-

Years.

Admissions.

Deaths.

1894,

.1,967

101

1895,

.2,283

114

1896,

2,598

143

1897,

.2,445

119

1898,

.2,571

138

1899,

.2,734

114

...

1900,

.3,030

155

1901,

.2,948

153

1902,

.3.108

140

....

1903,

.2,794

142

The rate of mortality for the year was 5.08 per cent, as against 4.5 in 1902. The average daily number of sick was 99.09 as against 111.38 in 1902.

Women and Children.-The number admitted was 295 as against 357 in 1902, and 281 in 1901. The death-rate was 10.5 per cent.

NATIONALITY.

Europeans.-802 were admitted as against 956 in 1902. Indians.-748 were admitted as compared with 834.

Asiatics (Chinese and Japanese).—1,244 were admitted as against 1,315 in 1902, and 1,098 in 1901.

There were 6 Officers of the Garrison under treatment as against 4 in 1902. As we take in most of the cases this speaks well for the health of the Troops as far as Officers are concerned.

DISEASES.

The following diseases caused the greatest number of admissions:---

Fevers :----

Dengue,

.123 cases.

Malarial,

..346

Febricula,

Typhoid,

Venereal Diseases...

..166

Diseases of Respiratory System,

..194

Diseases of Digestive System,

252

Dysentery,

Beri-beri,

Influenza,

Rheumatism,

Injuries,

..100

...442

416

The following diseases caused the greatest number of deaths :--

Diseases of Respiratory System,

Diseases of Digestive System,..

Typhoid Fever,

Dysentery, Injuries,

....

30 cases.

Dengue Fever.-123 cases of this uninteresting disease; were admitted as against 422 in 1902. The epidemic started in August, and was practically over in October. The blood of all patients was examined in many ways but without any result nor were cultivation experiments more successful. The Government Bacteriologist (Dr. HUNTER) attended on several occasions with a view to examining the blood but his results were also negative. Several 'of the nursing- staff suffered and we were at times hard pushed in the nursing line. The cases were much the same as in other epidemic, varying in severity and none fatal. Diaphoretics, salicylates, yeast (according to the French method), and carbolic acid in 20-minim doses were all tried but without any very marked result. Next to morphia, hypodermically, salicylates were most useful. The disease was rarely associated with malaria (two cases only) and the parasites found by Dr. GRAHAM of Beyrout and which he claims as the producer of the disease must have been either vacuoles or the ringformed non-pigmented malaria. The epidemic moreover is very unlike a disease conveyed by mosquitoes.

Malarial Fever.-346 cases have been under treatment as against 349 in 1902, and 787 in 1901. There were only two deaths due directly to this disease. The varieties of malaria met with were:-

Malignant, Simple Tertian,.

Quartan,.

Mixed infection,

16.9

71.6 per cent.

5.9

5.4

One case of mixed infection was interesting as the two simple forms were associated, a rare occurrence in our experience. The diseases associated with malaria were :-

Injuries,

Beri-beri,

Pneumonia,

Heart Disease, Phthisis,

7 cases. 2

→

Venereal Disease,

Plague,

Hepatic Abscess,

Dysentery,

Abscesses,

Necrosis of bone,

Rickets,

Dengue,

....

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Alcoholism,

Eye Disease,

The influence of nervous shock, as seen in the association of injuries with malaria, is interesting; and needless to say all debilitating causes casily bring out an attack in a patient previously subject to the disease. The Maternity Hospital cases also exemplify this for most of the patients admitted have previouly had malaria and 4.41 per cent. had an attack shortly after the birth of the child.

At your request an investigation has been carried out as to the efficacy of methyl blue in destroying or removing from the blood stream the crescent forms. No one has as yet settled how long they remain without treatment and it was essential this should be ascertained. All patients with crescents had their blood examined daily and a record kept. The length of time varies directly as the number of crescents first seen and this gives such a wide limit that any drug vaunted as a specific must exercise its influence very rapidly to escape criticisın.. Of the untreated cases in which the crescents disappeared during their stay in hospital the average duration was 13 days, the shortest being 4, and the longest 30. There were also six cases which for various reasons it was not possible to detain in.

417

hospital and then left with crescents after periods varying from 7 to 27 days. Several cases were put on methyl blue (grs. 2 ter die) and the average duration was 14 days, the shortest being 4, and the longest 19. Methyl blue is therefore useless and this is much to be regretted. A patient with crescents in his blood is a source of infection to others if he proceeds to an Anopheles infected" neigh- bourhood and yet it is not always possible to keep him in hospital as long as it appears to be necessary in some cases. Further investigations will be carried out in this direction and the results duly recorded in next year's report.

Typhoid Fever.-28 cases were under treatment with 6 deaths as against 34 with 8 in 1902. Typhoid in the tropics is usually considered a more serious ailment than in temperate climates and our records bear this out.

Taking the cases for the last two years the death-rate has been 22:57 per cent. and the relapse rate 11.28 per cent. and the average duration of the initial fever 24.85 days. BRAUNAN (20th Century Medicine) states that the rate of mortality varies and is about 10%, Maidstone epidemic (1897), 7.6, United States Army (1900) 6%. The relapse rate also varies. In 11,640 cases from all sources it was 6%, BRAUNAN himself having a rate of 7.8%, and MURCHISON 3%. The duration of the initial fever is from 24 to 28 days. It will thus be seen that except for the initial fever rate our figures show that it is a more serious disease here at any rate than in temper- ate climates. Face to face with a disease which runs its course and becomes al- most purely a question of skilled nursing numerous remedies have been advocated, from time to time, chiefly with a view to reducing the death and relapse rate and not the duration of the initial fever and most of them have fallen into disuse. Until the bacteriologists have settled the vexed question as to whether the typhoid bacillus is a bacillus sui generis or only a variety of the bacillus coli group they will have nothing to offer us in the way of a curative serum and we must endeav- our to work out our own salvation in this as in many other diseases.. Being anxious to settle the therapeutic value of carbolic acid I have given it in this disease. The cases treated (11) are too few to justify positive statements, but as the results are more promising it is as well to put them on record so that others. may be induced to try the method and settle its usefulness. Out of this small number there have been no deaths and no relapses, but the duration of the initial fever has only fallen to 20 days. The dose employed was 30 minims thrice daily well diluted. The average amount taken was 904 minims. Next year's report

will show, I hope, whether this line of treatment is of much use or not.

One case is inserted in the Appendix as the association of jaundice with the disease is rare. Two cases occurred in Chinese, both fatal. 15 cases were imported. In connection with this disease our best thanks are due to Dr. HUNTER for kindly doing the Widal Reaction" test in all cases. To be of any use to a clinician this rest must be positions aut nihil and this it certainly is not and I cannot say I am any more impressed with it than I have ever been.

Plague.-78 cases were admitted with 5 deaths. The bulk of the cases were, of course, transferred to the Infectious Disease Hospital. As soon as the epidemic started we had a stock mixture of carbolic acid (20 minims for a dose) made up, and all cases were put on this as soon as they came in— if the blood showed no malaria and the symptoms pointed to plague-so that no time was lost in starting the treatment. In view of the favourable report issued on this treat- ment by Dr. THOMSON I would like to point out that, though I suggested this treatment to you, the real credit for introducing this drug in such large doses belongs to Dr. A. WIGLESWORTH of Liverpool (Vide Lancet April 8th, 1899).

After working at malaria with Ross' method and trying it with equal success in filaria, we (Dr. LAING and myself) tried the method on plague and reported to you that we considered that all cases, both mild and severe, could be diagnosed by finding the bacillus in the general circulation. Dr. THOMSON, Medical Officer to the Infectious Hospital, spoke highly of the method in his report and is in fact a greater believer in it than I am now myself. After a long run of undoubted cases several mistakes were made in diagnosis; this led me to go into the question of microscopical diagnosis of plague and I duly submitted to you a report on the subject. To be brief, I found that throughout the alimentary canal of man there exists a bacillus identical in shape, size and staining properties as the plague bacillus and also that it is very easy to get blood films contaminated with the Though blood diagnosis is possible it is alsolutely necessary to be sure that perfect cleanliness of the part has been secured which means taking it your- self and this necessarily limits the scope of the method.

I would not now, as

་

418

we did before, dream of diagnosing blood films taken by all and anyone and sent to hospital for report. As in next epidemic we are sure to be called upon for diagnosis now and again I would submit to you the advisability of bringing the above report, condensed or otherwise, to the notice of the medical men here so that they may be alive to the possibility of error.

We have hitherto been chary of treating cases in a General Ward for fear of infection amongst nurses, attendants or other patients. Judging from our experience here and at Kennedy Town Hospital this is very rare however, though as already mentioned one Sister contracted the disease presumably at Kennedy Town Hospital. ASHBURTON THOMPSON, Chief Medical Officer to the Government of New South Wales, in the last report ridicules the idea of its spreading in this way, save perhaps in cases of the pneumonic form. If his conclusions are verified by others, and it is about time something definite was settled regarding plague, it will remove a great anxiety from our shoulders as no doubt many cases would do all the better if they were spared a second journey to Kennedy Town Hospital. One case of relapse in this disease, being a rare occurrence, has been inserted in the Appendix. Two cases were also met with in which the premonitory symptom was diarrhoea with fever and on the third day both patients developed plague. This looks as if it were possible to contract the disease via the alimentary tract though THOMPSON and others deny this.

Phthisis.-60 cases were under treatment with 15 deaths. Of these, 10 were Europeans, 24 Indians, 17 Chinese, 4. Philipinos, and 5 Japanese. This disease is very prevalent here due no doubt to a variety of causes which would come under the heading of low vitality and bad hygienic conditions. Both Indians and Chinese suffer more severely from malaria than do Europeans, and one is inclined to suggest this latter ailment as a predisposing cause. As with the Police so in the General Hospital returns it is seen that they suffer in the same proportion from phthisis as they do from malaria.

Indians,. Chinese...

Phthisis.

24 17

Malaria.

159 cases 108

If this is so there is not much hope of removing the cause as the various malaria preventive measures do not touch the bulk of the moving coolie class. who suffer badly from this disease. The following table gives the percentage of cases each month compared to the number of patients admitted:

January...... February,

March,

April,

May. June, July,

August,

September.

October,

November,

December,

Winter (November to April),

Summer (May to October),

2.44 per cent.

6.00

2.11

3.52

0.89

0.41

1.20

2.12

1.79

1.16

2.56

1.66

2.93

1.34

As in the Police so in these figures it is noticeable that February and April are the worst months and that the number of cases occurring in the winter are double the number of there occurring in the summer. I attach the meteorological record issued monthly from the Observatory as it may be useful for reference in connection with this disease.

As regards treatment we have nothing new to suggest. The urea treat- ment as suggested by Dr. HARPER of Liverpool has been thoroughly tried here, and in view of its failure (Principal Civil Medical Officer's Report for 1902) it was not continued as a routine treatment though I again tried it in one or two cases, giving 40 grains 4 hourly for days but without any result. Needless to say my thoughts were turned towards carbolic acid as a possible cure and I am much disappointed in the result. If the disease is due to bacilli one would expect good results from internal antiseptics. I gave up to 40 minims ter die and con-

१

419

tinued the treatment for a long time but as with all other drugs only the very early cases were benefitted and as they are not now under observation it is not possible to say if the improvement has been maintained. A European who entered into the experiment with zest has been, and still is, taking the drug since August (60 minims daily). His weight has improved and the fever stopped but other- wise his condition is the same. Guiacol carbonate has also been tried but I can- not say it is of much use either in phthisis or in those curious cases of abdominal tuberculosis which we see amongst the Indians.

One case is reported in the Appendix as the patient suddenly developed meningitis, a rare ending in an adult.

Possibly the collection of cases of this disease in sanitoria may lead to some successful method of treatment being discovered. A short but very interesting report the first I have seen-has lately been issued by Dr. SMITH from the man- chester Sanitorium. So far he does not speak very enthusiastically of any special drug but agrees with us as to the uselessness of urea. 'The best results were

obtained with guiacol but the cases were all in an early stage.

Febricula.-96 cases come under this heading. One is naturally loth to place patients under this heading but it has to be used for a fair number after all methods No doubt a few are of diagnosis have failed to identify the cause of the disease.

malarial, in which, owing to the previous use of quinine, no parasites have been found in the blood and one or two may be cases of phthisis in an early stage. None, I think, are due to trypanosoma as a very careful look out has been kept for this parasite and the constant daily blood examination, more especially by Ross' method, would have detected them if they were present. Three cases were interesting inasmuch as after the fever had kept up for several days a very short antisyphilitic course of treatment at once reduced it. The results were so evident-

ly due to the treatment that one is, I think, justified, even in the absence of all other signs, in looking upon the cases as "Syphilitic fever."

Dysentery.-50 cases with 11 deaths as against 74 in 1902. The word dysentery is now practically considered as a symptom of a disease due to many causes, but not much has yet been done towards elucidating the special factor in each case.

With the increase of microscopical work now done here I hope we may be able in due course to add a few facts to those already accumulated regarding this serious ailment. The stools in 31 cases were examined daily and the results are worth recording.

1. In 4 cases no cause save malaria could be found. They all had fever parasites in the blood. Malaria per se is not generally considered to produce this disease though personally I am inclined to think it does. In view of the enormous number of parasites found in a smear from the mucus membrane of the bowel in fatal cases of this disease it is easy enough to understand that small patches might have their blood supply cut off by blocking of the capillaries and this would account for the local condition.

2o. In 3 cases amaba were found in the stool and malaria in the blood. These will be looked upon as cases in which a debilitating cause precipitates an attack of malaria.

3o. In 4 cases the only cause found was the presence of cercomonas intestinale in the stools. I have not hitherto seen these parasites except in cases of dysentery. Little or nothing is said of them in text books though SIMONS' "Clinical Diagnosis alludes to them as a possible cause of diarrhoea. They all rapidly disappeared as the stools became normal and the cases were mild in type. One case was com-

bined with malaria.

4o. In one case in a Chinaman nothing was found but eggs with which we were not familiar but Dr. HUNTER, Government Bacteriologist. kindly saw the specimen and reported "these are eggs of Distoma Cranum, a fluke said to be com- inon in parts of India and South China and also said to produce diarrhea with blood in the stools.” The case was fairly mild and the eggs disappeared as the case progressed to a favourable termination.

5°. In 10 cases Amoeba Coli were found. It still seems to be doubtful whether this is a cause of dysentery or not but in all these cases they diminished in numbers daily and rapidly as the stool became normal and the blood disappeared.

420

6o. In no less than 7 cases no cause was discoverable and of these two were: fatal. May they be sporadic cases due to bacillus dysenterica?

Paramœcium Coli, mentioned by TREILLE, as a cause of dysentery in Cochin China I have never met with.

As regards treatment there is nothing new to mention. The local condition being the same, the same treatment seems to suit most cases. Here salines have long been favourites and they give us good results, quinine of course being used in cases with malaria. Ipecacuanha we seldom now use and in our experience it is not of much use if salines fail. If used at all the best results seem to be obtained by using it as an enema. I found carbolic acid (grs. 20 ter die) useful in the cases with cercomonas intestinale. Enemata of potass: permanganat: were also useful in 2 or 3 obstinate cases.

If dysentery is a cause of liver abscess it is surprising this latter is not more frequent.

Of the cases treated 20 were amongst Europeans, 24 Indians, 3 Chinese, and 3 Japanese.

Parasites.-The more important of these were (a) Guinea Worm-two cases. This disease is, I believe, unknown in China and both our cases were in Indians. For preserving the embryos permanently I found a saturated solution of erythrosin most useful though LEISHMAN, to whom I sent some specimens, recommends his own stain which is certainly the best for filaria. He suggests overstaining and quickly washing in water slightly acidified with acetic acid.

(b.) Filaria Nocturna.—Several cases have come under our notice but none of them with any very special symptoms. This is strange for they are of fair size, as compared with malaria, and teem in the blood stream without seemingly doing much harm as most of them were only found in the routine blood examination. It is interesting to note that in the cases (plague, malaria, and leprosy) the parasite showed up by day as well as by night.

by night. It may be of use to mention that Ross' method for malaria is the best way to get them in number and LEISHMAN'S- stain the best for preserving them permanently.

(c.) Distoma Ringeri-A case of this interesting disease occurred in a Japanese sailor, the only symptom being homoptysis. I was not able to get eggs to stain so as to preserve the specimen permanently nor was I able to get them to develope after any of the recognised methods. This is the first case we have ever had here.

(d.) Ankylostoma Duodenale.-Several cases have occurred in which the eggs were found in the stools but none of them with any very pronounced. symptoms. One case, a Japanese, was a small pathological museum as his stools showed amabæ, eggs of this parasite, tricophalus dispar and ascaris lumbricoides..

Poisons. Of the 12 cases 7 were due to datura alba and five to opium. None of the foriner were fatal but two of the latter succumbed.

Hepatic Abscess.-Five cases-one European, three Indian and one Chinese. They were all operated upon and of the number four died. Three were cases of multiple abscesses, a hopeless condition, and the fourth was in a patient the sub- ject of malaria Soon after the operation he had profuse hæmorrhages from the abscess cavity, the rectum and stomach and gradually sank. The Chinese case- was interesting in that it occurred in a woman--a rare event.

Tetanus.-Two cases occurred both as the result of wounds the incubation period in one case being a month and the other a fortnight. They were both treated with carbolic acid 20 minims every four hours, morphea and chloroform when necessary.

One recovered from the tetanus and the other died on the 8th

day.

life.

Injuries.—Bullet wounds.-8 cases were under treatment, none fatal. Dynamite Explosion.-5 cases, one fatal and all the others badly maimed for

421

Fractures. The following fractures were treated during the year:-

Femur,

..10 cases with 1 death.

Humerus,

.12

Forearm,

Clavicle,

Jaw,

Patella,

Leg,

Skull,

.1.3

with 10 deaths.

Ribs,

with 1 death.

Dislocations.--The following were under treatment:----

Thigh,

Shoulder..

.1 case.

Jaw,...

Elbow,

Operations. There were 192 operations performed during the year. Amongst the more important were :-

Liver Abscess.-5 cases alluded to above.

Abdominal Section.-2 cases. One was for tubercular disease and as the case was interesting it has been inserted in the Appendix. The second case was for injury simulating internal trouble so the abdomen was opened. The patient eventually died from the effects of extensive hæmorrhage (retroperitoneal}.

Penetrating wounds of the abdomen with protrusion of omentum.--Both cases did well. In my own the omentum was ligatured and removed and in Dr. LAING'S it was returned after thorough cleansing.

Lithotomy.-Three cases were operated on with one death-one by yourself, one by Dr. LAING and the third by Dr. KoсH. The fatal case was done by the suprapubic method, not a very sucessful method here as far as I can gather.

Strangulated Hernia.-One case with a fatal result. This occurred in an old Chinaman who had evidently had the trouble for some time. He died of shock shortly after the operation and the gut was found to be gangrenous with commenc- ing peritonitis.

Ovarian Tumour.-One case in a European. The tumour was a dermoid cyst lull of fat and hair. She convalesced rather slowly but eventually left

hospital all right. The operation was performed by Dr. LAING.

Appendicitis. Two cases were operated on and both did well.

Double Amputation at same time.-This was done for dynamite injuries. I removed the right arm and Dr. LAING the left. The patient stood the operation well. Unfortunately though he recovered he was totally blind as both eyes had also been injured.

Ligature of Femoral.-Two cases, both sucessful. One was a case of revolver bullet wound through the thigh. The patient nearly bled to death 48 hours after the injury and the femoral was ligatured. As gangrene supervened the leg was amputated below the knee. He recovered and left for home. The second case, under Dr. LAING, had the misfortune to have a popliteal aneurism opened by mistake, not here however, and the femoral was accordingly ligatured.

ligatured. He is doing well.

Splenectomy.-Three cases with 2 deaths. One died on the sixth day and it was not possible to determine the cause as the ligature had been firmly tied and there was no evidence of peritonitis. The other fatal case had in addition to a ruptured spleen a fractured leg, a fractured thigh and a smashed arm which was amputated. He died shortly after.

Anaesthetics.-Chloroform was administered 201 and ether 3 times without any fatal result.

We find the previous administration of morphia gr. and hyoscine gr. once or twice most useful in the case of all Europeans. It is given hypodermically 2 or 3 hours before and the dose if necessary repeated an hour previous to the operation. They require much less or it abolishes almost entirely the struggling stage.

}

422

Vaccinations:-The following were performed:--

Successful. Unsuccessful.

Primary cases,... Re-vaccinations,

173 188

Total.

173

280

453

Radiography. The new apparatus arrived early in the year and has been a most useful addition. Fortunately Dr. LAING was already a good photographer and was able to begin work at once with it. I need scarcely mention its use in connec- tion with fractures, foreign bodies, &c., in all of which it has been most valuable. and we have now a very fine album of skiagrams. No cases of malignant disease have as yet been treated with it but we are now so far provided in the event of any inoperable cases coming under our care. Our best thanks are due to Dr. JORDAN for helping us to put the somewhat complicated machinery together and for keeping our batteries charged.

MATERNITY HOSPITAL.

Sixty-eight cases were admitted as aganist 67 in 1902 and there were no fatal cases. Of those in hospital 9 were wives of Government servants. 45 private paying, and 14 free. One case of twins occurred and of the births 27 were boys and 35 girls.

The whole of the hospital has been lately colourwashed and painted inside

and out.

Fees:-The total fees received in the department during the year were:-

Hospital fees, Certificates,

$35,167.62

465.00

$35,632.62

In conclusion, I desire to thank all the members of the staff who have so ably assisted me during the year, and I take this opportunity of thanking those who have kindly presented books, flowers, &c. to the patients.

I have, &c.,

J. BELL,

Superintendent

;

}

423

Table I.-Shewing the SICK RATE and MORTALITY RATE in the different SECTIONS OF THE POLICE for the last ten years.

EUROPEANS.

INDIANS.

CHINESE.

Year.

Mortality

Sick rate.

rate.

1894

116.51

112.96

1.85

41.10

3.37

1895

85.91

0.89

112.89

0.44

40.00

2.07

1896

89.52

0.95

172.89

1.40

40.52

3.26

1897

94.28

0.95

146.11

1.37

35.54

0.99

1898

77.67

3.57

123.45

1.32

41.78

4.10

1899

104.46

3.57

151.98

1.08

17.09

2.75

1900

135.50

147.40

0.57

57.02

0.40

1901

160.31.

3.17

147.17

0.56

52.97

0.49

1902

126.00

0.84

131.90

0.80

76.90

1903

115.04

124.56

0.57

54.69

0.82

J. BELL,

Superintendent.

POLICE.

Table II.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL

during each Month of the Year 1903.

MONTHS.

EUROPEANS.

INDIANS.

CHINESE.

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

TOTAL TOTAL Admissions. Deaths.

Remaining on the 1st Jan.,

1903,..

January,.

February,

March,

ོ ོ ཿ བ

April,

May,

June,

42.

July,

71.

August,

}

September,

110

October,

November,

December,

Total,....

130

431

198

759

J. BELL,

Superintendent.

424

Table III.—Shewing the ADMISSIONS to HOSPITAL from the POLICE for MALARIAL FEVER from each Station, during the Year 1903.

Percentage

STATIONS.

Strength.

January,

*&ium.1qU

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

*.0{0})}

November.

December

Central,

23.45

No. 1,

No. 2,

19.44

No. 3,

28.57

No. 5,

8.33

No. 6,

50.00

No. 7,

18.75

No. 8.

2.70

Tzat Tsz Mui,

25.00

Quarry Bay,

100.00

Shaukiwan,

90.00

Aberdeen,

60.00

Stanley,

200.00

Pokfulam,

Gap,

Mount Gough,

Water,

3.84

Yaumati,

17.24

Hunghom,

29.41

Sha Tau Kok,

15.38

Ping Shang,

45.45

Tung Ching,

71.42

Sai Kung,..

16.66

San Tin......

Kowloon City,

33.33

Tai 0,

11.11

Uu Long.

Sha Tin,

12.50

Tai Po.. Au Tau

33 33

61.53

Shek 0.

Sheung Shui,

...

9.09

Kennedy Town,

28.57

Cheung Chan,

Stonecutters' Island.

Lamma Island,

40.00

Total.

20.34

:::

3 :

Total.

14 23

167

Table IV.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during each Month of the Year 1903.

EUROPEANS.

INDIANS.

ASIATICS.

MONTHS.

Total Total Admissions. Deaths.

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions.

Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

Remaining on the 1st

January, 1903,

January,

February,

March,

April,.

心

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

117

October,..

November,

December,

Twaa-10 10 – 10 20 4 10 19

105

181

150

189

113

109

NO40

227

224

233

219

130

269

144

334

119

258

♡ - 1

195

180

Total,

802

748

1,244

2,794

142

J. BELL,

Superintendent.

425

Table V.-LIST of OPERATIONS performed during the year 1903.

OPERATION.

DEATH.

SURGICAL OPERATIONS.

Operations on Organs of Locomotion,-Amputation of Hand,

Leg, Toes,

Fingers,

Arm,

Fore Arm,

Double Amputation of both Arms,

Removal of loose Cartilage from Knee-joint,

Suturing Tendons,

Removal of Tumours,-Buboes Scraping,

Epithelioma of Lip,

Parotid Tumour,

Lipoma.......

Adenoids,

Ovarian,

Carbuncle,

Eye Operations,-Cataract,

Excision of Eye,

Trichiasis,

External Strabismus,

Operations on Genito-urinary System:-

Hydrocele (radical cure), Circumcisions,

Lithotomy,

Stricture of Urethra,

Operations on Digestive System :-

Hernia (strangulated),

Hepatic Abscess,

Exploring Liver,

Fistula in Ano,

Abdominal Section,

Paracentesis Abdominalis,

Appendicitis,

2220

Wounds:

-Of Leg,

Arm,

Chest,

Loin,

Abdomen,

General Abscesses :-Abscess of Lumber Region,

Breast, Thigh,

Scrotum,

Neck,

Perinceum,

Foot, Hand,

Buttock,. Abdomen,

Ischio-rectal,.

General Operations:-Necrosis,

Ingrowing Toe-nail, Empyema, Cellulitis,

Sloughing Phagodena,. Gangrene of Leg,

Simus,.

Foot,.

Resection of Rib,

Caries,...

Parturition-Forceps,

Version,

Excision of Spleen,

Ligature of Arteries (Femoral),

Aneurism (False, Removal of), Paracentesis Thoracis,

Harelip,

}

10400200 02 m pod pet med NHN~~-—-—~~O~~I0 21 21 20 10 30 20 01 − 21 ∞O CI

Total,......

192

J. BELL,

Superintendent.

426

Table VI.-Shewing ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL

HOSPITAL, UNDER RESPECTIVE DISEASES, during 1903.

GENERAL DISEASES.

Small-pox,

Chicken-Pox,

Measles,

Dengue Fever,

Plague,

Influenza,

Mumps,

Diphtheria,

Febricula,

Typhoid Fever,

Cholera,

Dysentery,

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

123

Beri-beri,

Malarial Fever:-

(a.) Simple Tertian,

(b) Quartan,

(c.) Malignant,

244

(d) Mixed Infection,

Malarial Cachexia,

Sloughing Phagedona,

Pycemia,

...

Septicœmia,

Puerperal Fever,

Tubercle,

Leprosy,

Syphilis (a.) Primary,

(b.) Constitutional,

Gonorrhoea,

Actinomycosis,

Diseases dependent on Animal Parasites, Effects of Vegetable Poisons,

Heat,

Scurvy,

Alcoholism...

Delirium Tremens,

Rheumatism.

Gout,

Cyst,

New Growth, Non-malignant,

Rickets,

Ancemia,

Malignant,

Congenital Malformations, Debility,

Local Diseases :-

DISEASES OF THE

100

Nervous System,..

Eve, Ear,

Nose,

Circulatory System,

Respiratory System,

194

Digestive System,

252

Lymphatic System,.

Urinary System,

Male organ, Female organ,

Female Breast.

Organs of Locomotion,

122

Connective Tissue,

Skin,

Injuries,

442

Under Observation,

Total,

2.794

142

MONTHS.

EUROPEANS..

427

Table VII- Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT MATERNITY HOSPITAL

during each Month of the Year 1903.

January, 1903,

January,

February,

March,.

April, May, June, July, August,

INDIANS.

Remaining on the 1st

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

September,

October,

November,

December,

Total,.

134

ASIATICS.

J. BELL, Superintendent.

Table VIII.-Shewing Varieties of MALARIAL FEVER, occurring Monthly at the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during 1903.

January,

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

Quartan,

Simple Tertian, Malignant,

Mixed Infection,

نترنت

21:30

110

275

}

•

Total,....

45 53 39

384

Percentage to Patients

in Hospital,.

14.6

7.4

8.3 17,8 8.914.05 16.7 16.01 15.11

18.5 11.04

J. BELL, Superintendent.

Appendix.

CASE OF MENINGITIS DUE TO ANTHRAX,

A Russian aged 30 was admitted at 2.30 p.m. on the 20th April. He spoke Russian only so no history was obtainable. His temperature was 101° and he seemed to be suffering from severe headache but neither his tongue nor pulse suggested plague or typhoid. Two hours after admission he suddenly became violently delirious and was removed to a private ward. Morphia and strychnia were given hypodermically as his pulse was now failing. He became quieter and gradually sank dying ten hours after admission.

Post-mortem.-Spleen and blood smear showed neither malaria nor plague nor B. anthracis. The internal organs were practically normal though the small intestine was a good deal congested. Lungs and heart normal. Dura mater and pia mater were both intensely congested with patches of lymph on convexity of brain but no pus anywhere. The cerebral fluid was much increased in quantity but no hæmorrhages were found. The inflammation was more marked on the convexity than at the base. Fortunately the routine practice of the hospital was followed and a smear from the brain made when to our surprise what looked like typical anthrax bacilli were found. Tubes were inoculated and when a pure growth was obtained in bouillon this was inoculated into a Guinea pig. The animal died in 36 hours. The heart blood and spleen gave a pure growth of

December.

Total.

Total

Total Admissions. Deaths.

428

anthrax bacilli. Brain, smear, and inoculated tubes were all sent to the Government Bacteriologist for confirmation. Report of Dr. W. HUNTER, Government Bacteri- ologist:"Smear, culture tubes and brain showed presence of at least two micro- organisms resembling Bacillus Anthracis and Streptococcus lanceolatus. When isolated in pure culture the rounded organism proved to be the S. lanceolatus and the rod shaped organism the B. authracis the latter giving all the morphological, tinctorial, cultural, and experimental tests in a marked manner. I am of opinion that the meningitis was occasioned by the presence of the two named organisms. Though no detailed examination was made of the other body tissues I conclude the meningitis was not primary but part of a general anthraxæmia."

TYPHORD FEVER WITH JAUNDICE. DEATH.

E.C.E., aged 50, admitted on 26th March, having been ill for five days with continued fever. Slight jaundice on admission which deepened and persisted up to the end. Temperature for first week was between 104° and 102°. Tongue furred. Bowels open once daily. Heart and lungs normal.

Heart and lungs normal. Liver dulness not increased. Stools pea-soupy in character.

in character. On April 7 dulness over region of gall bladder was first noticed. Typical roseolar spots on abdomen. Bowels now only act after enema. Temperature now ranging between 103° and 102°. No delirium but patient very apathetic. Died suddenly of heart failure on seventeen days.

This complication is both rare and very fatal. MURCHISON only saw three cases and OSLER none out of 500 in John Hopkin's University Hospital.

CASE OF RUPTURED SPLEEN. OPERATION. RECOVERY.

A Chinese male adult was admitted on April 30th having been knocked about in a fight. His pulse was small and thready and he complained of great pain all over the abdomen. There was dulness on percussion in both flanks. His dying deposition was at once taken and the operation rapidly performed, the abdomen being opened by a median incision. The abdominal cavity was full of blood and the spleen was found ruptured on the inner surface. The pedicle was ligatured and the spleen removed. No attempt was made to clear out the blood but the intestines were moved to one side and a pint of saline fluid poured in on both sides and the incision closed with silkworm gut sutures. The patient was much collapsed and was kept going for the next few hours by saline rectal infections and hypodermics of strychnia and camphor. The wound healed well but on the sixth day his temperature rose to 101.2°. To our relief the blood slide showed crescents and malignant parasites. On quinine being given this subsided in 24 hours. Patient was discharged on the 25th May.

The spleen was about 2 times the normal size. According to the independent statement of the patient and the witnesses the blow was given some 28 hours previous to admission but if this were so the capsule only must have first been torn and a further tear of spleen tissue occurred later. This case is of interest to medical jurists as there seems no doubt the injury was received at the time stated. The rise in temperature due to malaria is also of interest.

PLAGUE. RELAPSE.

KELAPSE. RECOVERY.

An Indian Policeman was admitted on June 27th with temperature of 105°, furred tremulous tongue and quick intermittent pulse. He had been ill for two days. Blood film showed no malaria but plague bacilli were found. The following day his temperature ranged between 103° and 105° and on June 29th as his con- dition was better though his temperature was 101° he was transferred to Kennedy Town Hospital. Dr. THOMSON, Medical Officer, reports: "His fever fell but kept above normal till July 4th and plague bacilli were found in his blood up to July 6th. He was treated with carbolic acid 12 minims every 2 hours till this day," and was discharged on the 19th July.

His blood

Five days after he was admitted to the Government Civil Hospital with tem- perature 103°, furred tongue, and foul breath. The following day his pulse was intermittent with quick breathing. There was a dry rub at right base and coarse crepitations here and there. His sputum was blood tinged and very sticky and showed no tubercle, or pneumococcus but was full of plague bacilli. was free from malaria but contained plague bacilli. His temperature varied be- tween 100° and 103° till the 21st July when it fell to normal. His threatened heart failure which required digitalis strychnia, &c., was the worst symptom. He rapidly convalesced and was discharged on the 6th August.

429

Remarks.-Modern writers hardly mention relapses in plague and I should think they were very uncommon. LIEBERMEISTER however states "Genuine relapses may also take place." [Ziemssen Cyclopaedia of the Practice of Medicine, 1874].

SUICIDAL CUT THROAT. TETANUS. ACUTE MANIA.

DEATH.

A Chinaman was admitted on August 12th with a history of having first murdered his wife and then cut his own throat.

Patient had a jagged wound opening into the trachea and had evidently lost a good deal of blood. He went through an attack of septic pneumonia but in fourteen days' time was doing well.

On September 5th as there was trouble in breathing a tube was inserted and kept in for ten days.

On September 16th he suddenly developed tetanus the fils being ushered in with trismus. Resus sardornicus was well marked and opesthotonos occurred

several times.

He had gr. morphia hypodermically and 4 drams of ammon: bromid: every 3 hours. Whilst under chloroform he was fed by a tube an l three doses of 30 minims of carbolic acid given.

In 48 hours he had apparently recovered being conscious, without fits all the previous 12 hours and taking his food by mouth.

On the 19th he became maniacal, being very restless with occasional slight fits, laughing and trying to talk and get out of bed. He had bromide but continued in the same restless demented condition and died on the 30th September-six weeks after the injury.

Post-mortem.--Nothing was discovered to account for the condition.

Remarks.-The incubation period of the tetanus was somewhat long-nearly five weeks, The fits were bad and very frequent so one may claim that the energetic treatment cured the disease. The bacillus was not found either in the wound or on the knife. The mania which eventually killed the patient was probably the original cause of the whole trouble of murder and suicide.

I am inuch indebted to Dr. HUNTER, Government Bacteriologist, for seeing the case several times and for kindly making the post-mortem examination.

CASE OF PHTHISIS. DEATH FROM TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS.

A Chinese lukong aged 32 was admitted to hospital on 24th September, with cough and fever. There were well marked signs of phthisis of the left apex and the sputum was full of tubercle bacilli. The fever was of the remittent type vary- ing between 103° and 101° (without any malaria) but the patient looked and felt fairly well.

On 30th September he suddenly became delirious and very irritative resisting any attempt at examination. The following day it was necessary to feed him by nasal tube but he was much quieter though quite unconscious. He gradually

sank and died on the 3rd October.

Post-mortem.---Well marked signs of phthisis of left apex. Meninges slightly congested and slight increase in the amount of cerebral fluid. On carefully examination a few small nodules were found at the base of the brain mears from which teemed with tubercle bacilli.

Remarks.—This is a very uncommon ending to a case of phthisis especially in an adult. The sudden onset and rapid termination are also rare.

The signs after death were very slight and might easily have been overlooked but for the usual smear preparation as the tubercular nodules or rather spots were very few and very indistinct and only on the base. I cannot find any mention of a similar ending to a case of acute phthisis.

430

ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS ABDOMINAL SECTION. RECOVERY.

A German sailor was admitted on May 1st with a history of having been ill a month with fever. A diffuse tender swelling over Poupart's ligament on the left side. There was a history of wasting and he had numerous scars about the neck suggestive of tubercular ulceration. His temperature varied between 99° in the morning and 101° and 102° in the evening. On May 13th an examination was made under chloroform but nothing very definite was made out. Some enlarg- ed glands were felt per rectum. His temperature still continued with some trouble in micturition and general pain all over abdomen, varying in intensity in different parts. An incision over Poupart's ligament did not reveal any suppuration or any tumour.

His condition slowly grew worse, the fever running up to 103° and 104° at night with obstinate constipation and pain all over the abdomen though more chiefly confined to the epigastrium. On June 23rd vomiting set in and his pulse became very quick and feeble. The following day abdominal section was performed. Immediately under the incision was a thick adhesion running between two coils of the small intestine. This was ligatured and divided, some serous

fluid evacuated and the incision closed.

The patient immediately felt the benefits of the operation. Vomiting, cons- tipation and fever ceased and he slowly, owing to crops of boils, convalesced. was discharged cured on 6th August and proceeded home to Germany.

Remarks. Numerous enlarged glands were felt in the abdominal cavity at the time of operation but no further adhesions. The patient was very ill at the time and though seen by numerous medical men none were quite sure of the nature of his illness. The case shows the advantages of an exploratory abdominal

incision in these obscure cases.

OUTBREAK OF MALARIA AT SEA.

Two Russian torpedo boat destroyers left home for the Far East in October, 1902. They touched at Colombo, leaving there on April 10th for Sumatra. this port they were auch:ored close to the shore and the crews were allowed leave. The destroyers left on the 19th for Singapore, at which port none of the members of the crews were on shore and the boats were anchored a long way off. On the 23rd they left for Hongkong, the health of the men being

being so far good. On May 1st and 2nd, several of the men were suddenly taken ill with high fever, headache. furred tongue, and in some cases vomiting. Out of the total of 58, 21 men were affected. On the 5th these men were brought to hospital and were isolated as the Medical Officer reported them as cases of "Malignant Influenza.” Their symptoms were much the same as when first attacked, the temperature varying between 100° in some and 104° in others, most of them appearing very ill.

A blood examination at once settled the diagnosis as they were all teeming with parasites, in the majority of cases (18) of the malignant type and in a few of the simple tertian variety.

The disease was no doubt acquired at Sumatra, which would give an incuba- tion period of over 13 days and was in all probability acquired on shore as the Captain informed me that he noticed no mosquitoes on board either boat. Under quinine they all recovered and left for the North after eight days in hospital.

This outbreak at sea is well worth recording as the latest authorities on the subject seems doubtful as to malaria occurring at sea, having evidently lost sight of the fact that the disease has, like most others, an incubation period.

PUERPERAL FEVER. USE OF ANTISTREPTOCCUS SERUM. RECOVERY.

A Chinese female was admitted to hospital with fever. She had been confined 4 days previously, having a normal labour. Fever and pain set in next day the pain being chiefly on the left side of the abdomen. Temperature on admission 104°, diffuse tender swelling left iliac fossa, lochia normal and not offensive. She continued ill for four or five days and was treated with anodyne applications to abdomen, diaphoretic mixtures with aconite, quinine and occasional hypodermics of morphia and strychina. The improvement in her condition was a direct result of the serum as the chart shows. She is now well and will leave shortly.

The therapeutic use of sera still being on its trial this case is worth recording as I think a consideration of the chart will show how immediate the benefit was after the seruin. The case was was under Dr. LAING, Assistant Superintendent.

MONTH.

DAY.

DAY OF DISEASE.

F°

111°

110°

109°

108°

107°

106°

105°

104°

103°

102°

101°

100°

99°

98°

97°

96°

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL.

Patient's Name and Surnane in full-Mrs. E. D. K.

Disease Puerperal Septicemia.

DECEMBER.

JANUARY.

MONTH.

| 28 | 29

DAY.

DAY OF DISEASE.

MEME MEME MEM

MEMEME

EME ME

C°

DIE

ICE SPONGING.

QUININE

TER

ICE SPONGING 5 A.M SERUM 10 C.C. AT 4 P.M.

10 C.C. SERUM AT NOON.

-43°

-42°

-41°

-40°

-39°

-38°

-37°

-36°

431

Meteorological Return for 1903.

BARO-

METER

TEMPERATURE,

HUMIDITY.

WIND.

ΜΟΝΤΗ.

AT M.S.L.

NESS.

CLOUDI- SIX-

SHINE.

RAIN.

Max. Mean. Min.

Rel.

Abs.

Dir. Vel.

ins.

p. c.

ins.

p. e.

hrs.

January,

30.24

63.0 58.3 54.2

0.35

107.3

ins. Points. 1.370 E.N.E.

Miles. P. h.

11.8

February,

30.27

62.7 58.4

55.1

0.37

77.2

0.210 E. by N. 12.6

March,

29.99

70.1 66.3

63.0

0.58

64.3

2.655

15.0

April,

29.96

76.8

72.4

68.7

0.66 77

86.6

4.725 E. by S. 13.2

May,

29.90

79.5

75.4 72.2

0.77 85

82.5

13.960

13.8

June,

29.79

$6.4

82.0

78.5

0.90 74

151.6

July,

29.74

86.2

$1.7 78.1

0.91 70

208.1

25.230 S. S. W. 11.7

11.160 E. by S.

11.4

August,

29.77

85.8

80.9 77.1

0.90 69 157.5

14.970 S. S. W.

September,

29.89

82.9 78.6

75.8

0.82

165.7

16.535

8.7

13.0

October,

29.93

81.5 76.4

72.2

0.64 60

173.9

1.660 N. E.by N. 13.9

November,

30.11

73.8 67.2

62.1

62 0.42 40

209.2

1.090

N, E.

9.6

December,

30.17

66.9 66.1

56.0 56 0.32

222.3

0.085 N.E. by E.

12.0.

Report on the Government Lunatic Asylums.

GOVERNMENT LUNATIC ASYLUMS,

HONGKONG, 12th February, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward to you the Annual Medical Report on the Government Lunatic Asylums for the year ending December 31st, 1903.

On May 21st, I proceeded on leave to Japan and resumed duty on August 5th, 1903.

During my absence Dr. W. V. M. KOCH acted for me.

I attach Table IX. which shows the admissions and deaths that have occurred during the year, and Table X. the number of patients under the respective diseases. The total number of patients admitted to the Asylums was 155 as against 120 in 1902.

The following are the admissions for the past six

years:-

1898,

1899,

1900,

....109

1901,

1902,

120

1903,

...155

With such a steady increase of insanity in the Colony and limited accomoda- tion I need scarcely add that the Asylums (especially the European block) have been greatly overcrowded during the year.

432

There is only accommodation for 4 European male lunatics, and yet as many as from 8 to 10 have to be housed somehow, with the result that the quieter lunatics sleep in the day rooms and the acute cases, e. g., mania and alcoholics, occupy the four rooms. From many points of view this is a most unsatisfactory state of things.

Europeans. Forty-four were admitted as against 25 in 1902, an increase of 19. Of these, 26 were suffering from alcoholism or delirium trem ens.

One was a woman who unfortunately died from syncope after a few days' illness. She was only in the Asylum 6 hours, and her case was hopeless from the first.

Two males died. One from acute alcoholism and the other, who was brought in drunk, was found to have a slight fracture of the base of the skull which proved fatal.

The American female who was admitted in 1895 and the Roumanian Jewess in 1903 are still in the Asylum. Both are suffering from chronic mania and are quite incurable.

Of the 44 Europeans admitted, 3 were under observation, 1 suffering from dementia recovered sufficiently to be sent home, 27 were discharged cured, 2 died from alcoholism, and 1 from fractured skull, leaving 10 remaining on January 1st, 1904, viz., 2 females and 8 inales.

The females I have already referred to as chronic lunatics. The males are in the same condition, so I see no chance at present of having any of them transferred to his own country. As regards their nationalities, 3 are English, 1 Canadian, 1 West Indian, 1 Austrian, 1 German, and 1 Russian-Finn.

Indians and Coloured.--There were 10 admissions, all males. Of the above, one was under observation, 6 were discharged cured, or in care of friends, leaving 3 remaining at the end of the year.

Three Indians were suffering from alcoholism. One of the coloured class suffering from mania unsuccessfully attempted suicide by swallowing his bed sheet.

Asiatics (Chinese and Japanese).-The admissions this year were 101 as against 87 in 1902, showing an increase of 14.

Of the 16 patients under observation (8 males and 8 females), 7 were trans- ferred to the Government Civil Hospital for treatment and 9 were discharged.

Forty-one cases were sent to Canton, 35 handed over to their friends, leaving 9 remaining in the Asylum at the end of the year.

One Japanese female who was in the Asylum since 1899 was sent to her own country by her Consul.

There were 9 deaths--1 from spinal meningitis, 1 from erysipelas, and the others from debility or malnutrition accompanying acute mania or dementia.

Staff -Wardmaster J. R. LEE left on April 9th to join the staff of the Sanitary Board, and was succeeded by Wardmaster MACFARLANE from the Government Civil Hospital. Wardmaster MACFARLANE resumed duty at the Hospital on December 15th, and was succeeded by Wardmaster J. MULROONEY.

Buildings. The present buildings are in a good state of repair. Minor im- provements were carried out during the year, including increased ventilation to all rooms in the Asiatic block.

Automatically flushed urinals and water-closets are as I mentioned in my report of 1902-a necessity and I believe will be supplied during the current year. The proposed installation of special locks and keys throughout the Asylums will be of great benefit.

I have, &c.,

ERNEST A. R. LAING,

Medical Officer in charge of Government Lunatic Asylums.

The SUPERINTENDENT, Government Civil Hospital.

433

Table IX.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT LUNATIC ASYLUMS during each Month of the Year 1903.

ASIATICS INCLUDING

EUROPEANS.

COLOURED.

JAPANESE.

MONTHS.

Total

Total Admissions. Deaths.

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

Admissions. Deaths.

Remaining on the 1st

January, 1903,.

January,

February,

March,

April,

May, June, July,

ཕྱུག ཿཀ ུ

August, September,

October,

November,

December,

421

Total,

101

155

ERNEST A. R. LAING,

Medical Officer in charge of Asylums.

Table X.-Slewing the Number of Patients in the ASYLUMS during the year 1903, under the respective Diseases.

ASIATICS (JAPANSE

EUROPEANS.

INDIANS & COloured.

INCLUDED).

Total.

Males.

Females.

Males. Females.

Mania,

Dementia,

Melancholia,

Delusional Insanity,

Epilepsy,

Alcoholism

and Delirium

Tremens,

Senile Insanity,

Spinal Meningitis,

Under Observation,

T9384

: །

Total,..

155

ERNEST A. R. LAING,

Medical Officer in charge of Asylums.

Report on the Infectious Diseases Hospitals.

HONGKONG, 29th February, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward the Annual Report an Returns for the Hospital for Infectious Diseases at Kennedy Town, and for the Hospital Hulk Hygeia, for the year 1903.

stage.

I took over charge of the hospital from Dr. THOMSON on the 22nd August. Small-pox.-37 cases were admitted and 7 terminated fatally-3 of the fatal cases were of the hæmorrhagic type, and 1 case died of a syphilitic complication. Salol and zinc oxide were given in the majority of cases during the suppurative With some of the later cases I tried carbolic acid in twelve-grain doses every 4 hours. This seemed to me to dry up the vesicles, and, where suppuration had already set in, to limit it. The cases I tried it in were too few to enable me to draw any definite conclusions as to its efficacy, but I mean to continue the trial. addition these patients are kept in rooms into which only red light is allowed to penetrate.

434

Cholera.-Only two cases were admitted, both male Europeans.

One was

a constable from No. 5 Fire Brigade Station-he was discharged cured after 12 days' treatment; the other was a seaman from the S.S. Sithonia, who was received in a state of collapse and died shortly afterwards.

Plague. There were 301 cases of plague admitted for treatment, of whom 248 were males and 53 females, the former being 82.4 per cent., the later 17.6 per cent., and the proportion of males to females being about 6 to 1.

(a.) Its varieties.--The cases of bubonic plague numbered 182, a percentage of 60.5. Of these the femoral bubo occurred in 110 cases, 60.45 per cent., the inguinal in 25 cases, 13.73 per cent., cervical in 15 cases, 8.24 per cent., and multiple buboes in 11 cases being 6.04 per cent. The septicemic and pneumonic cases together amounted to 119 or 39.5 per cent. of the admissions, and there were two cases of intestinal plague.

(b.) Its mortality.-Of the admissions 139 males and 37 females died, and there were discharged cured 109 males and 16 females. The recoveries among the males amounted to 44 per cent., and among the females to 30 per cent., roughly, three males recovering as compared with two females. Of the deaths 56 per cent., were among the men, and 70 per cent., among the women. This proportion, like that which obtains among the recoveries, tends to shew that the man, generally stronger and more robust, bas a greater power of resistance to the disease than the woman. The total mortality was 58.5 per cent., and the total recoveries 41.5 per cent.

(c.) Its racial incidence.—The Europeans numbered 27, and there were two deaths giving a mortality of 7.4 per cent. Three Portuguese were admitted, of whom two died, equalling 66.6 per cent. Of the 216 Chinese, 156 died making a percentage of 72.2, and of other races 55 cases were admitted of whom 16 died giving a percentage of 28.2. Thus it will be noted that the better fed European, brought up and living amid more healthy surroundings, and who is presumably more stalwart and of a more robust physical development, has the greater chance of recovery than a patient of any of the other races. The mortality among the Chinese is high-they are not as a rule strong and robust, and probably they do not seek treatment until the disease is somewhat advanced. No definite conclu- sions can be drawn regarding the Portuguese from the small number under treat- inent, though they are for the most part not so robust, and are of a more delicate physique than the European. Among "other Races are included East Indians who though more lusty and strong than the Chinese do not attain that degree of physical vigour that is seen among Europeans.

(d.) Its treatment.-Three methods of treatment were tried serially-

(1.) Thirty cases were treated as follows: Essence of cinamon 15 minims was given every 3 hours, liq. strychninæ 5 minim every 3 hours, and 5 grains of quinine in solution three times in the day. Injections of morphine were admin- istered hypodermically as required, and belladonna was applied locally to the buboes. The deaths amounted to 26, making a percentage of 86.6.

(2.) One hundred and twenty cases were treated as above but omitting the cinamon. 101 deaths occurred, a percentage of 84.2.

3.) In this series 151 cases were treated. Carbolic acid in 12. grain doses flavoured with syrup of orange and chloroform water was given every two hours. The deaths under this method of treatment amounted to 49 giving a percentage of

31.4.

It will be observed that so far the greatest success has been obtained by the free use of carbolic acid. The very purest preparation should be used, and in order to be efficacious it should be given in large doses-12 grains or more every two hours. Contrary to expectation carboluria seldom, if ever, occurs. Should it threaten of course the dose should be reduced or its administration suspended. Its exact mode of action is not known. It is stated however to enter the blood un- changed (BRUCE, Materia Medica). and presumably it acts directly upon the bacillus pestis and its toxins. As an aid to treatment, and to counteract the depression, the free exhibition of stimulants such as strychnine, digitalis and alcohol is called for.

435

It would seem, moreover, that the better results obtained this year-the higher percentage of recoveries are to be attributed to the earlier and more positive diagnosis of plague which has been rendered possible by Dr. BELL'S adaptation of Ross' method of examination of the blood. A large number of cases were dia- gnosed positively almost at the earliest manifestation of illness and were at once isolated and subjected to treatment.

Various.-Under this heading 21 cases were admitted. One case of choleraic diarrhea which died, was suspected to be cholera. Twenty cases were admitted suspected to have plague-of these, 7 were cases of malarial fever; 3 of dengue fever; 1 of septicemia; 4 of influenza; 1 of febricula; 1 of tuberculosis of lungs, which died; and I was a plague contact. Two cases of gonorrhea were suspected to bave plague, since repeated examination of the blood drawn from the finger shewed a bipolar organism very similar to the bacillus pestis. No symptoms of plague however developed and these cases were transferred back to the Government. Civil Hospital. The gonorrheal pus shewed typical organism of gonorrhæã but not of plague.

The Staff-Dr. CHUNG CHI CHAN was appointed Resident House Physician on the 3rd April and resigned on Mày 31. Dr. JEW HAWK acted as Resident House Physician from June 1 to August 31.

European Sisters from the Government Civil Hospital were employed from May 16 till July 31. Mr. W. CORDELL was appointed Second Wardmaster on his arrival from England on January 14 and resigned on May 23. Mr. CHUNG SHU CHEUNG, Wardmaster, acted as Second Wardmaster in his place from May 23 to June 7. Private C. WALLACE, R.A.M.C., lent by the Military Authorities, was appointed Assistant Wardmaster on the 7th June and was recalled on July 7. Mr. RICHMOND, Wardmaster. Government Civil Hospital, was in charge from June 9 to June 16 when Wardmaster MCKAY was ill with plague. Privates A. L. DROKE and W. LAWSON, R.A.M.C., were appointed Assistant Wardmasters on June 10 and were recalled on June 16.

The Chinese àttendants were obtained as required.

The Hospital Buildings.-In November and December the Hospital was painted and colourwashed throughout, and the equipment thoroughly overhauled. The place is now in good order.

Towards the end of May, when the epidemic of plague was at its height, two wards in the new Plague Branch of the Tung Wah Hospital were used to relieve the pressure on the Kennedy Town Hospital two weeks prior to its opening by His Excellency Governor BLAKE on June 6th.

On the night of May 9th fire broke out in a wood yard adjoining the Hospital and No. 3 matshed was ignited by sparks. The Wardmasters assisted by European Police Constable HILL. a patient convalescing from cholera, kept the hose playing until the arrival of the Fire Brigade. The patients were safely removed to the main building. Amahs CHEE LUK and LEUNG KUм were awarded three dollars each for meritorious conduct.

Hospital Hulk Hygeia is used for the treatment of cases of small-pox. It is in very good condition at present.

I have, &c.,

W. V. M. Kocн, Medical Officer in charge.

The Honourable

The PRINCIPAL CIVIL MEDICAL OFFICE".

436

RETURN OF DISEASES.

GOVERNMENT KENNEDY TOWN HOSPITAL.

Diseases.

Remain- ing in Hospital

Total

Admis-

under

Patients discharged.

sions

at the end

Remain- ing at the end

Remarks.

treat-

ment.

1903.

1902.

Cured. Died.

of 1903.

GENERAL DESEASES.

Plague,

301

125

176

Small-pox,

37 38

Scarlet Fever,.............

Measles,

Cholera,

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Malarial Fever,

Dengue Fever,

Septicæmia,..

Tuberculosis of Lungs,

Influenza,

Febricula,

Gonorrhoea....

Plague Contacts,

181

186

Total No.....

368

369

367

HONGKONG, 11th January, 1904.

Suspected Cholera. Suspected Plague.

W. V. M. KOCH, Medical Officer in charge.

Government Kennedy Town Hospital Return for 1903.

Attendants.

Patients discharged.

Average Stay of those (days)

Number

remaining

Number

Daily

in Hospital

admitted

Average in

Nurses

Servants doing no partially

other or not at all!

at the

during

Hospital

duty.

cmployed as Nurses.

beginning

the

during

of the

year

the year

Day

and

Year

1903.

Night

Nurses.

1903.

Not Nurses.

Day

and

Night

Nurses.

Small-pox.

Plague.

Various.

Small-pox.

Plague.

Cholera.

Various.

10248 2

Males

.04 $4.006.06,

Obtained as

required.

Females

ลง

HONGKONG, 31st December, 1903. .

Small-pos.

Plague.

Cured and relieved.

Cholera.

Various.

Small-pox.

Plague.

Not improved.

Cholera.

10 109 1

...

Various.

Small-pox.

Plague.

Cholera.

Various.

Small-pox.

Plague.

Cholera.

Various.

Small-pox.

Plague.

Cholera.

Various. Small-pox.

Plague.

Cholera. Various.

Small-pox.

Plague. Cholera.

Number who died in 1903.

Died in 1903.

Discharged.

Remaining at the end of

1903.

Specify

the longest

time

for which

any one

Inmate

has stayed

(days).

139: 1

1.8

...

25.4 20.9 12 2.6

32.5 16.8

W. V. M. KоCH, Medical Officer in charge.

40 104 12

Various.

437

438

...

Small-pox.

Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox. Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox. Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox.

Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox.

Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox.

Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox.

Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox. Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox.

Scarlet Fever.

Various.

Small-pox.

Scarlet Fever.

Various.

1903.

Number

remaining in - Hospital

Number

Daily

Average in

admitted

Hospital

Nurses

doing

at the

during

the

no other

duty.

Servants

partially or not at all employed as

Nurses.

beginning of the Year

Year.

Year

1903.

Day and

Night

Nurses.

Not Nurses.

Day and

Night

Nurses.

Cured and relieved.

Not improved.

Number who died in

1903.

Died in 1903.

Discharged.

Government Hulk "Hygeia" Return for 1903.

Attendants.

Patients discharged.

Average Stay of those (days)

Remaining at the end of

1903.

Specify

the longest

time

for which

any one

Inmate

has stayed

(days).

Males

Females

...

-H

Obtained as required.

16 2

.07.02 .006

41)

1.006

HONGKONG, 31st December, 1903.

...

21.6 37

30.5 37

W. V. M. Kocn, Medical Officer in charge.

439

Report on the Gaol Hospital.

HONGKONG, 29th February, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit the Annual Medical Report on the sanitary condition of the Victoria Gaol, and the health of the staff and of the prisoners during the year 1903.

Dr. THOMSON proceeded on leave of absence on the 2nd September, 1903, and I took over medical charge of the Gaol.

Health of Staff-An early victim to the epidemic of plague last year was an Indian Assistant Warder. ISHER SINGH, who was transferred to Kennedy Town Hospital and died on May 21st, 1903. Five other other Indian officers and one European officer contracted the disease and were promptly transferred to the same. hospital. They all, I am glad to say, recovered. Apart from this the general health of the staff was good.

Outbreak of Plague.-On the 24th of April a prisoner under remand shewed signs of plague a few hours after admission. He was taken into the hospital at once but died within a few hours. Sixteen cases occurred after this, six among the staff and ten among the prisoners. Among the staff one case occurred on May 16th, two on May 28th, two on June 3rd, and one on June 7th. Among the pri soners one case occurred on May 22nd, one on May 27th and on May 30th, two on May 31st; one on June 1st, two on June 3rd, one on June 4th, and one on July 16th. Of these cases three, possibly a fourth also, seemed to have contracted the disease in the Gaol; the others showed signs very shortly after admission which admitted of no doubt but that the disease was already incubating when they were committed to prison. Among the staff, four could be reasonably suspected to have contracted the disease in the prison, the two probably contracted it outside. All the cases were immediately transferred to Kennedy Town Hospital and the Tung Wah Plague Branch. Energetic disinfection of the cells and corridors was carried through. No further cases occurred after July 16th. A Commission was appointed by His Excellency the Governor to investigate into this outbreak and has already reported.

Overcrowding. The question of overcrowding is still urgent, and is a matter which should be dealt with decisively at an early date. Each year shows a steady increase in the number of committals to Gaol, not merely of short sentence prison- ers but also of long sentence prisoners. The Belilios Reformatory has been used as a gaol, and between ninety and a hundred prisoners are kept there. But the Reformatory is certainly not satisfactory as an ideal prison. In spite of this, and of other drastic measures, it will be noticed that the daily average of pri- soners in Gaol is 653. It is a matter for congratulation that the slight outbreak of plague ceased so quickly, but there is not the least doubt that should by any chance a serious idemie break out, the condition of affairs will be distinctly a cause for alarm.

Sanitary Condition.-The sanitary condition of the Gaol continues satisfactory. The pail system of removal of sewage exists and is perhaps the most suitable under the circumstances The old drains and traps about the entrance yard require attention rgently.

Dietary. --The food was good and wholesome, and of sufficient quantity according to scale: there were practically no complaints among the prisoners re- garding the quality of the food, which was inspected by me at frequent intervals.

Warming and Ventilation of the Hospital.-Frequently during the past winter the temperature in the hospital has gone down to 54°, 52°, and lower--a temperature which is distinctly dangerous to enfeebled and sick persons. In the case of two old men who were admitted into hospital, acute pneumonia supervened in from two to three days, which undoubtedly was caused by or accelerated by the cold. I recommend that before next winter a stove should be placed in each ward, as has been done in the Tung Wah Hospital, so that by this means a uniform temperature of 66° can be maintained. A slight alteration of the ventilation will have to be arranged in order to permit of the free circulation of fresh air without the danger of draughts.

440

General Health of Prisoners.-The committals for the year amounted to 7,273, a larger number than in any previous year. Among them was a large proportion of prisoners debilitated by disease, by exposure, by age, and also a large percentage of opium smokers who have to be carefully looked after in the early days of imprisonment. Notwithstanding this and overcrowding, the general health of the prisoners was good.

The Admissions to Hospital numbered 568, a percentage of 7·80 on the com- mittals. Of these admissions, 274 were really malingering, they were kept under observation in the hospital and discharged within 24 hours. Deducting these the admissions for sickness amounted to 294, a percentage of a little over 4. Incident- ally, it is interesting to note the large proportion of malingerers-48% on the total admissions to hospital-they really give more trouble and cause more anxiety than those who are ill. Prevailing diseases.-Malarial fever and dysentery were most prevalent. Malarial fever, in one or another form, occurred in 95 cases with two deaths-this gives a percentage of 32.3 of cases under treatment in hospital. Among the out-patients only about 2 per cent. suffered from malaria, totalling 33. Its period of greatest prevalence was from March to October, reaching its maximum in May the remaining four months were comparatively free from it. Dysentery occurred in 41 cases, making 14 per cent., with two deaths. Among the com- mittals 114 prisoners suffered from syphilis in its primary or secondary manifesta- tions, and 46 from gonorrhoea. The daily average of hospital patients was 8:29, and of out-patients was 29-39.

Deaths.-There were 16 deaths from disease and 2 executions-the former making a percentage of 22 on the total admissions to Gaol, and 2.8 on the number in hospital. The majority of the deaths call for no comment, a few of them how- ever do merit same comment. In the case of prisoner No. 601 who died from internal hemorrhage and collapse due to rupture of spleen, the question arose as to the cause of this rupture. He had made no complaint, was locked up in his cell at 4.15 p.m., ate his afternoon meal at 4.30 p.m., and was found groaning and collapsed at 5.45 p.m. There was no history and no evidence of his having been struck by any one-the presumption was that while using the sanitary bucket he fainted and in falling struck his side, and thus caused the rupture. The spleen was enormously enlarged and the stomach was full of food. The case of prisoner No. S. 113 was also remarkable. He was an opium eater, and was not of robust physique. On admission the heart and lungs were found to be normal. He made no complaint whatever but refused to work. He took his food well and heartily. Four days after committal he was found dead in his cell at 6.9 a.m., having been seen alive at 5.50 a.m., apparently well. On post-mortem examination a sinall solitary chronic ulcer was found at the pyloric end of the stomach, on its anterior and lower aspect very close to the gastro duodenal junction, and there was a small perforation at its base. The stomach wall was thickened around the ulcer, and there was slight peritonitis; the mucous membrane of the stomach and of the duodenum was thickened and in a condition of chronic congestion. The other organs were normal. Apparently in this case the free use of opium had dulled any pain there may have been, bad stilled peristalsis considerably, and had sup- pressed vomiting. When the opium was stopped it may be presumed that peris- faltic movements became strong again and perforation thus occurred. I may mention that his diet all this time was of the softest-rice and rice congee. The absence of the cardinal symptoms during life, and its sudden termination make the case remarkable. Prisoner No. 252 was admitted into Gaol on 28th November, 1903. He was examined carefully and the thoracic and abdominal organs were found to be healthy. He was however of poor physique and on this account was put to light labour, which consisted of oakum picking in his cell. He made no complaint at all, did his task daily, went out for his exercise regularly. On the 12th December, 1903, he was found dead in his cell at 6.20 a.m. On post-mortem examination the lower lobe of the left lung was found to be in a state of hepatization. The total absence of symptoms in this case was noticeable-there was no cough, he suffered from no dyspuca, nor was he feverish or even “droopy.' In the last case which I shall remark on, the post-mortem appearances were interesting. The prisoner No. 311 was under treatment for dysentery, to which he unexpectedly succumbed. The liver was crowded with small cysts varying in size from a green pea to a walnut. They all contained a clear yellowish fluid-no hooklets were found. The substance of the right kidney was entirely destroyed

grey

441

and converted into a huge cyst containing a yellow fluid and the left kidney was full of small cysts containing a similar fluid. A few dysenteric ulcers were found.

Discharges on Medical Grounds.-These amounted to 41. Ten cases which developed plague, four probably in the Gaol, and six which shewed sypmtoms on admission, were transferred to the Tung Wah Hospital and the Kennedy Town Hospital. Eight cases of leprosy were sent on the Leper Home at Canton. It seems a pity that such cases cannot be properly isolated and treated in this Colony, but there seems to be great aversion and fear of this disease among the people, who I understand regard it as highly contagious. Six cases of phthisis pulmonalis were discharged. they were all in an advanced stage of the disease.

Four cases showing mental derangement were sent to the Lunatic Asylum. Three cases of acute pneumonia were sent on to the Tung Wah Hospital, as the conditions for the treatment of this disease in the Gaol Hospital were not in my opinion favourable. Two cases of beri-beri were sent away, both were imported. There was one case each of small-pox, heart disease. Bright's disease, acute dysentery, intestinal obstruction and syphilitic hemiplegia. The majority of these cases were short sentence men, three were sentenced to one year-a case of leprosy, one of Bright's disease and one of phthisis;-and one to five years-the case of syphilitic hemiplegia, he died a few months after discharge.

The Female Prison.-There was an average of almost 20 prisoners a month. The general health was good. There were two births in prison.

The Branch Prison.-The Belilios Reformatory at East Point has been occupied by short sentence prisoners since 1st July. There have been from 65 to 95 in residence at one time, only the stronger and better nourished men are sent there, and the general health of the inmates has been good. This building is but poorly adapted for this purpose, and confinement here cannot have much of a deterrent effect.

Vaccinations.—I append a table shewing in some detail the result of vac- cinations in the prison. It will be observed that the number of unsuccessful cases was high, 21.16 per cent. I hope however that with some futher modification this table will supply more detailed information next year.

Out-patients.-There was a large number of prisoners suffering from slight ailments who were treated as out-patients-1,715 in all. The diseases are detailed in the table and call for no comment.

Corporal Punishment was inflicted on 128 prisoners-with the cat 3, and with the birch 125. None required special treatment afterwards.

In annex the following Tables :-

1. Monthly Return of Diseases and Deaths in Hospital.

2. Monthly Return of Out-patients.

3. Admissions and Deaths during the year.

4. Rate of Sickness and Mortality.

5. Yearly Statistics.

6. Recommendations for Discharge on Medical Grounds.

7. Record of Deaths.

8. Vaccinations.

I have, &c..

W. V. M. Koch, Medical Officer in charge.

The Honourable

THE PRINCIPAL CIVIL MEDICAL OFFICER.

442

Table 1.-MONTHLY RETURN of DISEASES and DEATHS in GAOL HOSPITAL at Hongkong in 1903.

Cafes.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

MONTHS.

JAN. FEB.

MAR. APRIL. MAY.

JUNE.

JULY. AUGUST. SEPT.

OCT.

Nov.

DEC.

YEARLY TOTAL.

DISEASES.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Denthis.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Plague.

Dengue,

Dysentery,

Beri-beri,

Fever Remittent,

Erysipelas.

Syphilis-

(a) Primary.

(b) Secondary,

Alcoholism.

Rheumatism, ..

New Growth, non-mal-

ignant,

Anæmia.

Debility,

Epilepsy.

idiocy.

*l[0}}}

Cases

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

N-

Mania.

Melancholia,

Dementia.

Diseases of the Circul-

atory System,

Diseases of the Respir-

atory System,

Diseases of the Digestive

System,

Diseases of the Lymph-

atic System,

Diseases of the Urinary

System.

Diseases of the Organs

of Locomotion,

Diseases of the Cellular

Tissue,

Injuries. Local,

observed for Diarrhoea,

found malingering.

Observed mentally, cer-

tified sound mind,

Observation,

to:

Total.

23 2 21 1 25

l'eaths.

Cases.

122

REMARKS.

Deaths.

:མ

མཾ སྨཱ བྦེ ཡམ

: :

ལ

210-21

1 25

מי:

178

62 2 71

2 568 16

Death in March. Malarial Fever.

September. Malarial Coma.

April. Bubonic Plague.

October, Acute Dysentery.

December. Acute Dysentery with Cystic Disease of Liver and Kidneys.

5th January. 1903. Pneumonia with Empyema and Dysentery,

9th January, 1903, Tuberculosis of Lungs.

15th February, 1903. Heart disease with effects of malaria and opium smoking.

Deaths in 2nd June, 1903, Tuberculosis of Lungs. 30th July, 1903, Tuberculosis of Lungs. 31st August, 1903, Tuberculosis of Lungs.

3rd September, 1903, (hronic Ulcer of Stomach and Cardiac Failure.

7th November, 1903. Acute Pneumonia.

15th November, 1903, Diarrhoea and Cardic Syncope. 12th December. 1903, Sub-acute Pneumonia and Car-

W. V. M. KOCH, Medical Officer in charge.

MONTHS.

443

Table II. MONTHLY RETURN of Out-patients in GAOL HOSPITAL, 1903.

JAN.

FEB. MAR. APRIL.

MAY.

JUNE. JULY. AUGUST. SEPT.

YEARLY

OCT.

Nov.

DEC.

TOTAL

DISEASES,

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cascs.

Deaths.

Cases,

Deaths.

Cases.

Fever,-

(a) Intermittent,.

(b) Remittent.

Syphilis.-

(a) Primary,

(7) Secondary,

Gonorrhoea,

:༣༣

Alcoholism,

Rheumatism.

Anæmia,

wai mei

1-30 15

お

Debility,

Diseases of the Eye...

Ear,.

UNAKO!

ircul-

atory System.

نت

Diseases of the Respir-

atory System, 113

Diseases of the Digestive

System,

Diseases of the Lymph-

atic System.

Diseases of the Cellular

Tissne.

Diseases of the Skin,

Injuries, Local,...

Parasites. Animal,

Vegetable,

Lice.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cascs.

Deaths.

ལ :

༢༣

:::

10 10

نیات

286

108

142

151

492

18 24

Total,

292

179

168

173 136

158

143

127

103

70 |

1.715

W. V. M. Koch,

Medical Officer in Charge.

Table III.-Showing ADMISSIONS into, and DEATHS in VICTORIA GAOL HOSPITAL

during the year 1903.

EUROPEANS.

CHINESE.

MONTHS.

TOTAL ADMISSIONS.

TOTAL DEATHS.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June,

July,

August,..

September,

October,

212-

[

]

24.

120

122

November,

December,

Total,

537

568

W. V. M. Kocн, Medical Offeṛr in chargy.

444

Table IV.-Showing the RATE of SICKNESS and MORTALITY.

Daily Average Number of:

Total Number of

Prisoners admitted to Gaol.

Admissions Cases treated

Hospital. Out-parients.

Deaths due to Disease.

Prisoners Sick Hospital

Out- Gaol. Hospital. patients.

Admissions to Hospital

to Total Admissions to Gaol.

7,278

568

1,715

658

8.29 29.39

7.80

Rate per cent. of :-

Daily Average Daily Average

of All Sick

in Gaol to

of Sick in Hospital to Daily Average Daily Average of Prisoners. of Prisoners.

Deaths due to Disease to

Total Admissions to Gaol.

1.27

5.77

0.22

И. Г. М. Коен. Medical Officer in charge.

Table V.-Showing GENERAL STATISTICS connected with the VICTORIA GAOL during the past ten years.

Years.

Admissions

to the Gaol.

Daily Average Number

of Prisoners,

Number of Cases treated in Hospital.

Number of Out-patients.

Deaths due to Disease.

1893,

1894,

4,010

458

272

523

3,913

455

271

614

1895,

5,014

472

231

948

1896,

5,582

514

507

740

1897,

5,076

462

342

455

1898,

5.427

511

298

1,033

1899,

4,789

434

503

1,778

1900,

5,432

486

495

1,523

1901,

5,077

499

348

1,316

1902,

5,988

576

516

1,760

A ད:1、 ࿉ # ཀླའ་རྒྱ རྒྱ

1903,

7,273

653

568

1,715

W. V. M. KOCH,

Medical Officer in charge.

Table VI.--Showing RECORD of PRISONERS discharged on MEDICAL GROUNDS.

445

SENTENCE.

REGISTERED

NAME.

SEX. AGE.

NUMBER.

ADMISSION.

DATE OF.

RECOMMENDATION. DATE OF.

DISCHARGE.

DATE OF.

WHERE SENT.

REMARKS.

Y. M. M. D.

P. Hakaman,

Destitute.

27. 1. 03.

4. 2. 03.

671

Lam Kam San,

1 ¦

25. 1.

03.

5. 2. 03.

ناد

Leung Lam,

18. 2.

03.

21. 2. 03.

21.

790

Lam Wan,

20. 2.

03.

21. 2.

03.

23.

266

Li Cheung,

18. 2.

03.

19. 2. 03.

19.

635

Mok Ming,

9. 2.

03.

27. 2. 03.

599

Wong Loi,

700

Tsang Tse,

30.00

30. 3. 03.

1. 4. 03.

9. 2. 03.

13. 4. 03.

15.

760

Chung Fuk,

13. 4. 03.

521

So Sam,

26. 2. 03.

13. 4. 03. 27. 4. 03.

15.

SON NON NOA

2. 03.

Tung Wah Hospital.

2. 03.

Canton.

27.

2. 03.

2. 4. 03.

4. 03.

28.

4. 03.

S 173

Wong Kwan,

29. 4. 03.

30. 4. 03.

553

Tung Wong,

29. 4. 03.

30. 4.

666

Chung Ki,

5. 5. 03.

S 14

Chung Fuk,

10. 5. 03.

03.

6. 5. 03. 11. 5. 03.

30. 4. 03. 30. 4. 03.

Do.

2. 03.

Lunatic Asylum.

Do.

Tung Wah Hospital.

Canton.

Tung Wah Hospital.

Canton.

Tung Wah Hospital.

Mania.

General Debility. Dementia.

Leprosy.

Do.

Phthisis-General Debility.

Leprosy.

Phthisis-Debility.

Leprosy.

Mitral Heart Disease. Phthisis.

Do.

742

Chan Sing, ...........

20. 5.

03.

22.

03.

6. 5. 03.

12. 5. 03. 22. 5. 03.

Hygeia.

Canton.

Small-pox.

Leprosy.

778

Leung Chun,

25. 5. 03.

27. 5. 03.

27.

Ip Hi,

25. 3.

03.

30. 5. 03.

...

·S 119

Kwok Mui,

30. 5. 03.

31. 5. 03.

776

Yeung Hin,

25. 5. 03.

31. 5. 03.

551

Yeung Kwai,

30. 4. 03.

1. 6. 03.

744

Kan Tau Kwai,

3. 6. 03.

5. 03.

30. 5. 03. 31. 5. 03. 31. 5. 03. 1. 6. 03.

3. 6. 03.

Kennedy Town H'tal. Do.

Plague.

Do.

Tung Wah Hospital.

Do.

Kennedy Town H'tal.

Do.

Tung Wah Hospital.

Do.

Kennedy Town H'tal.

Do.

· S 133

Cheung Sam,

03.

6. 03.

03.

Do.

757

Ng Hang,

23. 5. 03.

4. 6. 03.

6. 03.

Do.

584

Lu Kan,

659

Chan 1,

11. 7. 03. 24. 8. 03.

16. 7. 03.

290

Yik Shu Wun,

663

Un Hi,

Remand.

Leung Yan Tai,

:མ:

4. 12. 02.

31. 8. 03. 21. 9. 03.

676

Ho Tsat,

26. 7. 03.

25. 8. 03. 28. 8. 03. 19. 9. 03. 23. 9. 03. 16. 10. 03.

16. 7. 03. 26. 8. 03. 29. 8. 03. 19. 9. 03. 24. 9. 03. 16. 10. 03.

Do.

Canton.

Tung Wah Hospital. Lunatic Asylum. Gov't Civil Hospital. Tung Wah Hospital.

Leprosy.

Bright's Disease. Melancholia. Senile Debility. Acute Dysentery.

Table VI.-Showing RECORD of PRISONERS discharged on MEDICAL GROUNDS,—Continued.

446

SENTENCE.

REGISTERED

NUMBER.

NAME.

SEX. AGE.

ADMISSION.

DATE OF.

RECOMMENDATION. DATE OF.

DISCHARGE.

DATE OF.

WHERE SENT.

REMARKS.

M. D.

761

Li Po Li

M. 48

189

Lam Fai Nam,

886

27. 9. 03.

19. 9. 02.

16. 10. 03. 19. 10. 03.

16. 10. 03. 20. 10. 03.

:..

536

Chan Cheong,

24. 11. 03.

723

Wong Tong,

643

ᏞᎥ Tsun,

565

Chung Chan,

-306

Au Chak,

S 68

Hang Yan I,

566

Hon Sing,

རྨ ི ནི མི ནི མ

ל,

593

Chan Fuk,

339

Wong Sui Cheong,..

625

Fong Cheung Kwai,

::མས:ཡི:ཀྱམ

:: 584:: SE:

18. 11. 03.

25. 11. 03.

3.12.

26. 11. 03.

Do.

03.

3. 12. 03.

Do.

2. 12. 03.

3. 12. 03.

Do.

20. 10. 03.

7. 12. 03.

Do.

11. 12. 03.

Do.

23. 12. 03.

24. 12. 03.

12. 11. 03.

26. 12. 03.

Do.

28. 12. 03,

29. 12. 03.

Do.

30. 12. 03.

31. 12. 03.

1. 1. 03.

Canton.

31. 12. 03.

1. 1. 03.

Do.

Lunatic Asylum. Tung Wah Hospital.

Dementia.

Paralysis (Syphilitic Hemiplegia).

Beri-beri.

Acute Pneumonia.

Do.

Phthisis Pulmona lis. Beri-beri.

Intestinal Obstruction. Phthisis Pulmonalis. Leprosy.

Do.

W. V. M. KOCH,

Medical Officer in charge.

447

SENTENCE.

ADMISSION.

DATE OF.

NAME.

AGE.

SEX.

ED No.

Years.

Mos. Days.

Table VII.-RECORD of DEATHS during the year 1903.

ADMISSION TO HOSPITAL.

DATE OF.

DEATH.

DATE OF.

CAUSE OF DEATH.

14. 11.

02.

788

Ching Lam U,

ས

2. 12. 02.

580

Trang Choi,

20. 1. 03.

620

Chan Fu,

22!!

0.0014

24. 12. 02. 26. 12. 02. 4. 2. 03.

رت

5. 1. 03.

8. 1. 03.

15. 2. 03.

18. 2. 04.

121

Tang Yan Tai,

3. 3. 03.

601

Tai Fat,

24. 4. 03.

Remand

Cheung Kun In,

2. 6. 03.

573

Li Ming,

23. 7.

03.

632

Wong Sam,

20. 5. 02. 31. 8. 03. 27. 2. 03. 26. 9. 03.

Nand Singh,

S113

Sun Kwong,

277

Li Man,

Remand

Cheung Pak,

19. 2. 03.

210

Sui Ngan,

13. 11. 03.

576

Yang San,

28.

11. 03.

252

Hu Chi,

7. 10. 03.

311

Chan Kan,

Ip Pang,

Lin Chin,

#3 5532 1859228 28

3. 03.

19.

3. 03.

:་།

31.

3. 03.

31.

3. 03.

24. 4. 03.

14. 6. 03.

27. 7. 03.

22. 8. 03.

24. 4. 03. 16. 6. 03. 30. 7. 03. 31. 8. 03.

Plague.

Found Dead.

3. 9. 03.

A A

4. 9. 03.

9. 9. 03.

12. 10. 03.

5. 11. 03.

14. 11. 03.

14. 10. 03.

7. 11. 03.

15. 11. 03.

Found Dead.

12. 12. 03.

23. 12. 03.

25. 12. 03.

Death.

Do.

03.

14. 4. 03.

17. 6.

Pneumonia, with Emphysema and Dysentery. Tuberculosis of Lungs.

Heart Disease, with effects of old malaria aud opium smoking.

Malarial Fever. with Collapse due to Fatty Heart.

Internal Hemorrhage and Collapse due to Rupture of Spleen.

Tuberculosis of Lungs.

Do.

Geueral Tuberculosis.

Chronic Ulcer of Stomach and Cardiac Failure. Malarial Coma.

Acute Dysentery.

Acute Pneumonia.

Diarrhoea and Cardiac Syncope.

Subac, Pneumonia and Cardiac Failure.

Acute Dysentery and Cystic Disease of Liver and Kidneys.

Dislocation of Neck in due course of law,

Do.

W. V. M. Koch, Medical Officer in charge.

448

Table VIII.-Shewing VACCINATION and RESults.

NOT VACCINATED because of

Total No.

Month.

Total Number | shewing pre-

Total No. Success- Unsuc- owing to early examined.vious Vaccin-vaccinated.

Not inspected

ful.

cessful.

ation Marks.

discharge from Prison.

Previous Recent

ation.

Small- Vaccin- De bility.

pox.

Age.

January,

435

393

359

226

February,

308

283

253

180

2 2

March,

386

344

318

218

April,

308

260

238

168

May,

349

295

260

125

June,

339

271

254

183

July,

298

252

193

127

August,

302

249

175

102

September,

392

347

234

118

October,

427

352

264

146

November,

304

280

182

108

December,

278

256

157

Total,...... 4.126

3,582

2,887

1,781

611

495

297

625

313

W. V. M. KOCH,

Medical Officer in charge.

TUNG WAH HOSPITAL, March 7th, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward, for the information of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, the Annual Report on the working of the Tung Wah Hospital for 1903.

Dr. THOMSON, the Inspecting Medical Officer, proceeded on leave of absence on the 2nd September, and I assumed the duties.

The Staff-There have been no changes in the Staff. Dr. JEU HAWK, the Resident Surgeon, was detached temporarily for plague duty at Kennedy Town Hospital from June 1st to August 31st. Mr. LEUNG CHIK FAN and Mr. MA LUK acted for him.

The Admissions.-A total of 2,457 patients were admitted during the year- 2,112 males and 345 females. This number added to the number resident on January 1st-129-gives a total number of 2,586 under treatment.

Of these, 1,569 were discharged, and 889 died, leaving under treatment on January 1st, 1,904, 128 patients.

During the past eleven years the admissions have been as follows :

1893,

1894,

1895,

1896.

1897,

1898,

1899,

1900,

1901,

1902,

1903,

2,255

2,354

2,732

2,041

2,776

2,898

2,542

2,981

2,989

2,576

2,457

It will be noticed that there has not been much variation in the number of admissions. The average for the eleven years is 2,600, so that the year under review is only about 150 short.

Transfers. For various reasons there were 245 cases transferred elsewhere- to the Government Civil Hospital 13, to the Lunatic Asylum 6, to Kennedy Town Hospital 177, to the Tung Wah Branch Hospital 48, and to Canton 1. The greatest number of transfers took place in the second quarter and 178 were cases of plague. In the first quarter 24 cases of plague were transferred, and in

the third 22.

449

Moribund Cases.-These were very high in number, 203-being 177 males and 26 females.

Deducting these moribund cases we have a net total of 2,254 persons under treatment-males 1.935, females 319. Of these there were under European treat- ment 1,176 persons, representing over 52 per cent., and under Chinese treatment 1,078, representing over 47 per cent. It will be noticed that those persons who elect to place themselves under European treatment are steadily increasing yearly. This is a matter for congratulation as shewing that a cloud of prejudice in the native mind is at last lifting.

Brought in dead.-A large number of bodies were brought in dead-males 284, females 104, total 388. Of this total, 105 were sent to the Public Mortuary for pathological examination, the symptoms detailed and statements made by the friends not being satisfactory, and such examination not being feasible at the Hospital owing to the strong prejudice of the Chinese to the use of the knife on the human body living or dead.

or dead. The bodies of 153 patients who died in hospital were also sent to the Mortuary for examination.

Free Burial was provided by the Hospital authorities in 2,424 cases.

Out-patients. The large number of 7 2,835 out-patients-males 49,368, females 23,467-were under Chinese treatment. Owing to no definite arrangements hav- ing been made for treating out-patients by European methods until the last two months of the year, only a small number was recorded-215 males, and 100 females. Now, a room has been provided and a record is being kept, and we shall be able to gange fairly accurately the extent of the appreciation of the Chinese for Western methods as applied in the out-patient department.

Destitutes. The large number of 600 persons were provided with food and shelter during the past year for short periods.

Vaccinations.-1,685 successful vaccinations were performed. A table is

attached.

Operations. Several minor operations were performed during the year, as

follows:-

Circumcision,

Extraction of bullet. Excision of tumour,

Cataracts removed,

Entropion, Urethrotomy,

•

The new wing across the road was opened by His Excellency the Governor Sir HENRY BLAKE on the 26th March. It is an airy structure, well ventilated, and contains 78 beds. The Ko FONG wards in the old hospital have been pulled down with the exception of a few rooms which have been retained for use as isolation wards and others used at present as store rooms. This demolition has been of gain in permitting better ventilation and lighting.

The new Plague Branch of the Tung Wah Hospital was also opened by His Excellency the Governor on June 6th. It is built in proximity to the Kennedy Town Hospital, and is in direct communication with it by means of a new stone stair-way. Sixty-two patients were under treatment here and on the subsidence of the epidemic of plague it was closed on July 21st. It contains 7 wards and has accommodation for 64 beds.

Conclusion.-I must express my cordial thanks to Dr. JEU HAWK for the invaluable help he has given me in the duties which I have had to perform, and my appreciation of the ready cooperation of the Directors and Chairman.

I have, &c.,

W. V. M. KOCH, Inspecting Medical Officer.

The Honourable

The PRINCIPAL CIVIL MEDICAL OFFICER.

450

Table I. RETURN of DISEASES and DEATHS in 1903 at TUNG WAH HOSPITAL, HONGKONG.

DISEASES.

GENERAL DISEASES.

Small-pox,

Measles,

Dengue,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Diphtheria,

Mumps,

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Cholera,

Dysentery.

Plague,

Malarial Fever -

1. Quartan,

2. Simple Tertan,

4. Malignant Qiuotidian, Malarial Cachexia, Beri-beri....

Erysipelas,

Puerperal Fever,

Septicemia,.

Remain- ing in Hospital at end of

Yearly Total

Total Cases

Remain- ing in Hospital

Remarks.

treated. at end of

1902.

Admissions. Deaths.

1903.

13 1

232

WNNNWN T

...

303

102

105

115

...

277

170

304

847362

47362

...

Tetanus,

Tubercle, General,

Tubercular Leprosy, Syphilis:-

(a.) Primary, (b) Secondary, Rheumatism,

New Growth. Malignant,

Ancemia,

Debility,

LOCAL DISEASES.

Diseases of the Nervous System.

SUB-SECTION 1.

Diseases of the Nerves,-

Meningitis,

Functional Nervous Disorders,--

SUB-SECTION 2.

Apoplexy,

Paralysis,

Epilepsy,

Neuralgia,

30 N

42242*

13030

10 -

SUB-SECTION 3.

Mental Diseases,-----

Idiocy,

Mania.

Melancholia,

Dementia,

Diseases of the Eye,

Circulatory System,

107

113

Respiratory System,.

473

318

502

Digestive System,

144

Lymphatic System,

Urinary System,

Generative System,

Male Organs,.

Female Organs,

Organs of Locomotion,

Cellular Tissue,

...

Skin,

Injuries, Local,

17 17

222

...

239

212

229

996

Midwifery,

Poisons,

...

Total.

129

2,457

889

2,586

128

W. V. M. KOCH. Inspecting Medical Officer.

451

Table II.-Showing the Admissions and Mortality in the TUNG WAH HOSPITAL during the year 1903, with the proportion of cases treated by European and Chinese methods respectively.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Fouropean Chinese Treatment. Treatment.

Total.

European Chinese Treatment. Treatment.

Total.

General Diseases :-

Small-pox,

Measles,....

Dengue Fever,

Diphtheria,

Mumps,

Cholera,

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Tubercular Meningitis,

1 1

Dysentery,

INNNAN AS

Plague,

303

Malarial Benign Tertian,

Quartan,

Malignant,

Malarial Cachexia,

Beri-beri,

119

158

Erysipelas,

: ས ཤྩ ཀ 2 :

105

277

106

170

Septicemia,

Puerperal Fever,

ลง

:|:མ ཀ 1| དུ 1:|:|:རྩརྒྱུུམལཝ

Leprosy,

Tuberculosis--General,

Tetanus,

Syphilis, Primary,

Constitutional,

Rheumatism,

New Growth, Malignant,

Anæmia,

Debility,

Local Diseases :-

Nervous System,

Eye,

Circulatory System,

སྶ:ལྱ

107

Respiratory

207

266

473

137

181

Digestive

144

Lymphatic

ས:་ྲ།:

318

Urinary

Organs of Locomotion,

Connective Tissue,

Skin,

137

222

Poison-Opium,

Injuries

125

212

Generative System,

Midwifery Cases,

1,318

Less Moribund Cases,

142

1,139 61

2,457

428

461

889

203

142

203

1,176

1,078

2,254

286

400

686

Less transferred,...

243

245

Total Cases in Tung Wah Hospital,.........

933

1,076

2,009

286

400

686

W. V. M. Kосн,

Inspecting Medical Officer.

Table III.-Showing GENERAL STATISTICS relating to the Tung Wan Hospital during the year 1903.

Dead Bodies

Patients.

Remaining in Hospital on Dec. 31st, 1902.

Admissions.

Total Cases

treated.

Discharged.

Died.

Remaining in Hospital on

Destitute

Out-patients. Vaccinations.

Dec. 31st, 1903.

Persons

sheltered.

brought into Hospital Mortuary

for Burial.

Free Burials provided for Poor Persons.

Males,

Females,

115

2,112

2,227

1,379

743

105

49,583

600

284

2,424

345

359

190

146

28,567

104

Total,

129

2,457

2,586

1,569

889

128

73,150

600

388

2,424

Table IV.--Showing VACCINATIONS at, and in connection with, the TUNG WAH HOSPITAL during the year 1903.

W. V. M. KOCH, Inspecting Medical Officer.

{

Chek Choi.

Pó Léung Kok.

811

874

1,685

Sex,

Hongkong (Victoria).

Shaukiwan.

Aberdeen.

Hung-hom.

Yaumati.

Male,

761

· 15

Female,..

779

Total,

1,540

W. V. M. KOCH,

Inspecting Medical Officer,

452

453

Report on Plague Cases treated in Kennedy Town Hospital.

KENNEDY TOWN HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 6th July, 1903.

SIR-I have the honour to report, for the information of His Excellency the Governor, regarding the Plague cases that have been treated in Kennedy Town Hospital this year up to this date.

2. Two hundred and eight-two cases of Plague have been admitted to this date, of which 87 were discharged cured, 171 died, and 24 are still in Hospital, but all convalescent. All these 24 will almost certainly recover completely, and for purposes of my calculations in what follows I shall class them with those cured. As the epidemic seems practically over, future admissions to the Hospital this year will probably scarcely interfere with general statements that may now be made; and this year's figures may, I think, be quite fairly compared tentatively with the total figures for previous years.

3. At the beginning of the epidemic, as fresh curative serum is not yet avail- ble locally, and as last year's experience sufficiently proved serum imported from Europe to be useless, I decided to continue trials I had made to some extent in the two previous epidemics as to the curative value of oil of Cinnamon. As an aromatic volatile oil it is antiseptic, and it is absorbed into the blood unchanged, so I gave it in large doses in the form of the essence, in the hope that it might be absorbed in sufficient quantities to exercise its antiseptic action against the Plague Bacilli. After a further series of 30 cases, however, I abandoned it as useless.

4. The next series of cases, over a hundred in number, I treated on general principles, symptomatically, until the 18th of May, when you suggested to me a further trial of Carbolic Acid in larger doses than when I previously used it in this Hospital.

5. I consented to make such further trial, though, I confess, without much hope of its proving of value. I had in 1901 used this drug in a series of over 200 cases in doses of 80 grains a day, and while the mortality in that year was 76.5%, slightly less than the average, I did not think it had been much affected by the

treatment.

6. It was, I think, your proposal that one should begin with an initial dosage of 14 grains in 24 hours, but rapidly diminish the quantity given. I determined, however, to push the remedy to the utmost, and, while watching carefully against any appearances of poisoning, to give the drug in full doses so long as Plague Bacilli were present in the blood. I accordingly gave 144 grains of Carbolic Acid daily. divided into two-hourly doses of 12 grains each, and administered, as two years ago, in a mixture flavoured with syrup of Orange and Chloroform water, in some cases over long periods. Inspector KNIGHT, for instance, consumed over 2,500 grains of pure Carbolic Acid before his blood was free from Plague Bacilli.

7. With these enormous doses, I expected evidence of Carbolic Acid poisoning to appear frequently, but it was practically unknown. In a few cases Carboluria developed, but the omission of one or two doses was usually sufficient to clear the urine, and permit resumption of the remedy in full doses. In certain cases dys- peptic symptoms occurred, but in these greater dilution of the mixture with water was all that was required to overcome this obstacle to its consumption.

This absence of untoward symptoms is probably an incidental testimony to the purity of the Apothecary's stock of Carbolic Acid, as Carboluria is believed to be due more to impurities in the acid than to the drug itself.

8. As a result of observation of its use in a series of 143 cases, I consider Carbolic Acid in large doses the most hopeful means of treating Plague thus far at our disposal in Hongkong.

9. Before looking at the actual figures, there are two circumstances that need to be mentioned, and for which due allowance must be made:-

(1)-The treatment with Carbolic Acid was commenced late in the epidemic, at a stage when there is a greater natural tendency to recovery, the disease being invariably more virulent early in the season.

•

454

(2)--Coincidently with my beginning the use of Carbolic Acid, Dr. BELL announced his modification of Ross's method for the examination of a thick film of malaria blood as a method for the examination of plague blood; and as a consequence of this improved means of diagnosis a much larger number of very mild cases, many of which would not have been diagnosed as Plague in former years, were proved to be Plague and sent to Kennedy Town. These cases swelled the proportion of cases recovering.

10. I should like in passing to express my sense of the great value of BELL'S method for diagnosis of Plague. I at once put it in routine use both at Tung Wah Hospital and at Kennedy Town Hospital. At Kennedy Town it has not only added to precision of diagnosis, but it has enabled me to watch more definitely the progress of the illness; and I have used this, as I have mentioned, as my guide in the use of Carbolic Acid, while disappearance of the Plague Bacilli from the blood circulation has become a sine quâ non before discharge from the Hospital.

11. The following tables show the racial and general mortality before and during the use of Carbolic Acid; and to facilitate comparison I submit the total figures for the current year, to date, alongside the corresponding figures for 1901 and 1902:-

BEFORE CARBOLIC ACID WAS USED,

i.e., in the First Half of the Epidemic.

Europeans,

Portuguese,

CONVALES-

CASES.

CURED.

CENT.

DEATHS. MORTALITY.

...

50.0°

Chinese,

123

106

86.2,,

Other Races,

85.7,

139

UNDER THE USE OF CARBOLIC ACID,

i.e., in the Second Half of the Epidemic.

119

85.6%

Europeans,

1.5°

Portuguese,

Chinese,....

57.5,

Other Races,

12.5,,

143

36.4°

455

TOTAL CASES DURING 1904 (TO 6TH JULY).

282

171

60.6°

111

1901.

Treatment throughout:-80 grains Carboblic Acid daily.

C'ASES.

DEATHS.

MORTALITY.

Europeans,

33.3°

Portuguese,

75.0",

Chinese,

136

121

89.0

Other Races,

53.6,,

204

156

76.5°

1902.

Treatment throughout:-Calmette's Serum from Paris.

33.3°

Europeans,

100.0

Portuguese,

91.3,,

Chinese,

Other Races,

50.0 »

85.1°

1903 (to 6th July).

Treatment as described in preceding Pages.

8.3

Europeans,

Portuguese,

203

152

74.9,,

Chinese,

31.5

Other Races,

282

171

60.6°

رد

456

12. The Hospital Mortality of Plague cases treated at Kennedy Town since the first outbreak of the disease in the Colony has been as follows:-

1894,

1895,

1896,

1897,

1898,

1899,

....

1900,

1901,

1902,

1903, (to 6th July),................................

76.0 per cent.

74.3

81.8

77.5

76.5

85.1

60.6

13. When all allowances, such as I have before referred to, have been made, I think it must be admitted that Carbolic Acid is of undoubted value in the treat- ment of Plague, when given in such doses as to allow its sufficient concentration in the blood to exert its antiseptic action on the bacilli. It is, however, by no means a specific remedy; and, while reporting thus favourably on its use, I would urge upon His Excellency's attention the desirability of carrying into effect before next epidemic season proposals already sanctioned for the production locally of a Curative Serum for the treatment of Plague.

14. I attach a Table showing the main facts regarding each of the Plague cases admitted this year, entered in series in the order of their admission to Hospital; and also notes in more detail with temperature charts of six typical Plague cases, illustrating different forms of the disease, and some of them presenting features of peculiar interest.

I have, &c.,

The Honourable

Dr. J. M. ATKINSON,

Principal Civil Medical Officer,

&c., &'c.,

&c.

J. C. THOMSON.

CASES.*

D-M- English, male, æt. 42, Inspector of Police, admitted to Ken- nedy Town Hospital on 16th May, 1903, suffering from Plague.

Had a little fever, and small Right Fe:noral Bubo, and Plague Bacilli were found in his blood.

Mild case.

Treatment.-Liq. v, three times a day. Liquid diet.

Strych. m. x., in mixture, every 6 hours. Quin. Sulph. gr.. Belladonna, locally, to Bubo. Brandy, 4 oz., in 24 hours.

25th May. Bubo resolving without suppuration.

30th May. Still a few Plague Bacilli in blood.

mixture every 4 hours.

6th June. No Plague Bacilli in blood.

8th June. Discharged from Hospital.

Solid diet.

Acid. Carbolic. gr. xii, in

This case is interesting, in that it was an ordinary somewhat mild case, which when apparently quite convalescent still harboured Plague Bacilli, and in which bacilli disappeared within a few days after use of Carbolic Acid.

* The temperature charts accompanying these cases have not been printed.

457

Y- -K-

-, Japanese, male, æt. 15, admitted to Kennedy Town Hospital

on 8th June, 1903, suffering from Plague.

Temp. 102-2° F. A large diffuse Right Cervical Bubo.

Third day of illness. Temp. 102-2° F.

Plague Bacilli in blood. No delirium.

Treatment.-Acid Carbolic, gr. viii, in mixture, every 2 hours. Tinct. Digi- talis in. v and Liq. Strych. m. iv, ia mixture, every 6 hours. Belladonna, locally, to Bubo. Brandy, 3 oz., in 24 hours. Liquid diet.

Tendency to pyrexia. Controlled by iced compresses. Temp. normal. Tea and toast.

10th June.

12th June.

17th June.

Digitalis and Strych. stopped.

Bacilli still in blood, but rare. Bubo fomented.

Acid Carbolic reduced to gr. vi, `

18th June.

every 4 hours.

20th June.

Solid food.

22nd June. No Plague Bacilli in blood. incised.

J-H

Acid Carbolic stopped. Bubo

English, male, æt. 30, Armourer-Sergeant, Hongkong Volunteer permanent staff, admitted to Kennedy Town Hospital on 16th June, 1903, suffer- ing from Plague.

Had been run down in health for six weeks before, but actual Plague attack seems to have commenced on 10th June, when he first noticed a swelling and tenderness in the Right Axilla. Did not note fever, but felt out of sorts.

At admission, Temp. 101° F. Plague Bacilli in blood.

Right Axillary Bubo of size of duck's egg.

Treatment.-Acid. Carbolic, gr. xii, in mixture, every 2 hours. Tinct. Digi- talis m. vii and Liq. Strych. m. v, in mixture, every 6 hours. Belladonna, with fomentations, locally, to Bubo. Brandy, 4 oz., in 24 hours. Liquid diet.

20th June. Digitalis and Strych. stopped. Diet improved.

23rd June. Solid food.

25th June.

Bubo resolving without suppuration. No Plague Bacilli now in blood. Acid Carbolic stopped.

30th June. Ung. Hydrarg. Iod. Rub. to be rubbed in over remains of bubo.

6th July. Bubo gone. Discharged from Hospital.

An interesting feature in this case is, that in its inital ambulant stage on 14th June, ie., two days before admission to Hospital, Armourer-Sergeant H. at- tended a church parade at St. John's Cathedral, and was publicly presented by His Excellency the Governor with the South Aftrican war medal. He does not seem to have at that time suspected Plague, but says that on account of the pain in the Right Axilla he had great difficulty in raising his hand to the salute after the medal had been pinned on his breast.

, English, married lady, admitted to Kennedy Town Hos- pital on the 8th June suffering from Plague.

Had been out of sorts for some weeks. Attack of Plague commenced on the 5th June, when she had fever 104° F. On 6th June, Temp. 102° F., and tender- ness in left groin.

7th June. Temp. 100° F.

8th June. Plague diagnosed, and patient admitted to Hospital. Temp. 99.6° F. Left Inguinal Bubo, of size of small hen's egg, and slight tender swelling in Left Femoral Region, Plague Bacilli in blood. Patient very nervous, but otherwise in good condition.

Treatment.-As in J. H. case.

every 2 hours.

458

Essential feature of it: Acid Carbolic gr. xii,

10th June. Femoral Bubo more marked, more tender, size of a large hen's egg. Diet improved.

18th June.

Inguinal Bubo incised.

Femoral Bubo smaller and less tender.

20th June.

every 4 hours.

Digitalis and Strych. stopped. Solid food.

Acid Carbolic reduced to gr. xii,

23rd June. No Plague Bacilli in blood or in discharge from Bubo. The Fem- oral Bubo resolved without suppuration. Inguinal Bubo healing. Acid Carbolic stopped.

25th June. Hypophosphites as tonic."

27th June. Discharged from Hospital.

;

-J- -M- English, male. æt. 23. Government Official, admitted to Kennedy Town Hospital, on the 13th June, suffering from Plague.

Admitted to Government Civil Hospital on the 11th June, with fever, 102° F. 12th June. Temp. 105.8° F. Tender swelling in Left Femoral region. Plague Bacilli found in blood.

13th June. Transferred to Kennedy Town.

Treatment.-As in J. H. case. Essential feature :—Acid Carbolic gr. xii, every 2 hours. Iced Compresses to control temperature.

tonic.

16th June. Steady improvement; there has been no delirium. Bubo less tender. 17th June. Diet improved. Digitalis stopped.

23rd June. Solid food.

28th June. Bubo incised.

29th June. No Plague Bacilli in blood.

30th June.

Acid Carbolic stopped. Syr. Ferri Phos. c. Quin. et Strych. as

6th June. Quite convalescent.

Quite convalescent. Bubo healed.

H-K-

English, male, æt 33, Sanitary Inspector, admitted to Kennedy

Town Hospital, on 6th June, suffering from Plague.

Illness began with fever 105° F. on the previous day.

At admission, Temp. 104° F. Delirium. No Bubo. Plague Bacilli in blood. Condition complicated by alcoholism.

Treatment.-Acid Carbolic gr. xii, in mixture, every 2 hours. Tinct. Digi- talis, m. vii and Liq. Strych. m. v, in mixture, every 4 hours. Brandy, 7 oz., in 24 hours, reduced to 4 oz. two days later. Liquid diet. Iced compresses to control temperature.

7th June. Delirium severe. gr. xx, at night.

Potass Bromid. gr. xxx, and chloral hydrat.

12th June. To-day for the first time able to be freed from shackles. Deli- rium has been violent day and night, but he is now quiet, though very weak.

18th June. Diet improved, allowed to sit up in bed.

23rd June. Acid Carbolic gr. xii, every 4 hours.

24th June.

Temp. 100° F. Quin. Sulph., gr. v, thrice daily. 26th June. No Plague Bacilli in blood. Acid Carbolic stopped. Syr. Ferri Phos. c. Quin. et Strych. as tonic.

6th July.

Quite convalescent, but not yet fit to resume work.

In this case, a severe septic case, non-bubonic, over 2,500 grains of Carbolic Acid were given before the blood was free from Plague Bacilli.

५

Was Cin-

Type

No.

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age.

Occupation.

Disease.

Type

Situation

Buboes.

Was

namon Carbolic Essence Acid used? used?

How long

Result.

Case.

Hospital?

Days. House. Cured. Died.

459

123

Lai Long,

Chinese.

Coolie.

Bubonic.

R. F.

Yes.

No.

Wong Fung Lan,.

L. F.

...

"">

Nika,

Tsang Kan,

Indian.

Chinese.

Groom.

R. F.

Coolie.

R. F.

Chung Kum,.

Barber.

R. F.

Dung Maik,

133

Coolie.

L. F.

Wong King,

C. C. 476.

Septic.

None.

Jured.

Lo Yung,

Coolie.

Bubonic.

Fem. & Cer.

Lo Shoi,

L. A. & R. F.

·,

Li Ah Chui,

R. A.

Kong Kwai,

Watchman.

R. F.

Chan Hong,

Hoi Sam Dai,

Coolie.

Telegraphist.

י,

R. & L. F.

Cured.

L. F.

Fung Sing,

Coolie.

R. & L. F.

Sung Wan Yam,

R. A.

...

Cured.

Chong Se Yuen,

...

R. C. & R. F.

Chong Ki Chong,

L. F.

...

Chong King,.

...

Leung U,

Coolie.

Septic.

Bubonic.

None.

R. F.

Fong Chui,

R. F.

Young Chat,

R. F.

...

לי

Chow Ling,

R. F.

Ng Fall,.

R. A.

Li Ying,..

Chong Tso,

Barber.

Kong Se Chi,

Septic.

Bubonic.

...

Chan Shui,.

Coolie.

Wong Long,

Lo Chui,

Lo Lum,

....

L. C.

None.

L. Ing.

R. C.

L. F:

L. Ing.

L. & R. F. L. Ing.

...

es.

In Hospital.

Type

Situation

No.

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age.

Occupation.

Disease.

Buboes.

used? used?

Was Cin-

Was namon Carbolic Essence Acid

How long

Hospital?.

Result.

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

Case.

460

Foe Sing,

Chinese.

Coolie.

Bubonic.

Hong Pui,.

R. F.

L. I. & F.

No.

دو

Kwan Chan,

Silversmith.

Hoi Luk Ging,

Coolie.

Septic.

Bubonic.

None.

;་

L. Ing.

Yau Se Kiu,

R. Ing.

Chan Chu,....

Coolie.

Young Se King,

Ali Ismail,..

Indian.

Foreman, S. D.

R. & L. Ing.

R. F.

L. Ing.

Ngan,....

Chinese.

Lan Sam,

Coolie.

R. Ing.

R. F.

Fong Yeun,..

Carpenter.

Yung Se Noi,

Cheung Se Lin,

Septic.

R. & L. Cer.

R. F.

None.

Yuen Wong,

Coolie.

Ng Sum,..

Bubonic.

R. F.

Kwan On,...

L. F.

Cured.

Chan Yan Choi,

Barber.

L. F.

Chan Hing,

...

R. Ing.

Cured.

Kan A Fuk,

Coolie.

R. F.

Hon Ah Mui,

Septic.

None.

وو

Lan Wai,...

Coolie.

Bubonic.

L. F.

Wong Fuk,

R. F.

Lo Se Ngan,

R. Ing.

Khan Fai,

Coolie.

R. F. & Ing.

Fan Se Ho,

Septic.

None.

Lum Mun,..

Coolie.

Bubonic.

R. F.

Chan Wai..

R. F.

Wei Yu,..

R. F.

وو

Dung Se Mui,

L. F.

Chan Shen,

R. F.

461

Was Cin- Was

No.

Type

Situation

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age. Occupation.

Disease.

Buboes.

Case.

Dung Se Tim Dai,

Chinese.

Tun G. Yuen,

Lam Pui I,

Mun Fam,

A-

Jew.

Johoroh Mahommed,

Indian.

Yung Se Fung,

Chinese.

وو

Nat Se Ngan Ban,

Wong Ching,

Wong Fwai,

Ju Se Yan Ching,

Ú. Cheong,

Li Kai Tseung,

Ye Ngan Kwai,

HERE HE

M. 16

Coolie.

Septic.

Bubonic.

None.

No.

R. F.

L. F.

namon Carbolic Essence Acid used? used?

No.

How long

Hospital.

Result.

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

725

L. F.

Coolie.

R. F.

Cured.

L. F.

R. Ing.

L. F.

M. 23

Coolie.

R. F.

Cured.

R. A.

Coolie.

L. F.

R. A.

Cured.

L. Ing.

Ching Se Kwai,

R. & L. Cer.

Lai San,

Coolie.

R. A.

Ah Kit,

Septic.

None.

Ma Han,

Liu Kun Fuk,

Li San,

Ip Kwong,

Kwan Kit,

Mo Chun Lo,

Kong Se Ying,

Ng Se Cheung,

Ng Se Ng,

י,

Choi Se Wah,

Ngan Tong,

So Se Dai,

Chan Se Lin,

མི མི མི ནི མི ནི མི འ ིམཚམི

Bubonic.

L. F.

R. C.

R. F.

Seaman.

L. F.

C. C. 391

Septic.

None.

Bubonic.

R. A.

...

L. A.

...

Amah.

L. Ing.

L. F.

Cured.

L. C.

Coolie.

L. F.

R. Ing.

R. A.

Cured.

...

Cured.]

How long

Hospital?

Result.

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

Was Cin-

Was

No.

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age.

Occupation.

Case.

Type

Disease.

Situation

namon Carbolic

Essence

Acid

Buboes.

used? used?

462

Wong Yen,

Chinese.

Coolie.

Bubonic.

Soo Hop,

R. F. L. Ing. & L. Cer.

No.

Cured.

...

G. Shimamura,

Lan Hen,

Japanese.

Chinese.

Farmer.

R. C.

...

Blacksmith.

R. F.

Ng Kuk,

Coolie.

L. Cer.

Augustine Natal,

Spanish.

10mths

L. A.

Lam Nam,

Chinese.

Carpenter.

L. F.

وو

Un Fat,..

Coolie.

R. F.

ל,

Yik Se Kun Yung,

Septic.

None.

100

Yse She,

Coolie.

Bubonic.

R. F.

101

Unknown,

L. F.

102

Tung Hop,.

In Hospital.

103

Pun Kai,

Cured.

104

Chan Ping,

105

Yong Sing Ye,

L. C.

106

Nichi Hora,

Japanese.

R. F.

107

Wong Ping,

Chinese.

Coolie.

R. F.

108

M-

109

Wan Tsan Fuk,

Eurasian.

Chinese.

Foreman, S. D.

Septic.

Coolie.

Bubonic.

110

Ng Pin,.

Artisan.

111

Cheung Wai Chung,

Coolie.

None.

R. A.

L. Ing.

L. F.

: :

Cured.

112

Họ ('hui,

Rat-catcher.

L. F.

ง

113

Ediljec Manekjee,

Indian.

Draper.

L. F.

な

114

Kin Nosuki Fugihira,

115

H. Okada,

116

Chee Chong,

Japanese.

Chinese.

Seaman.

Engineer. Silversmith.

R. A.

L. F.

Septic.

None.

Yes.

117

Leung Kon,

Bubonic.

R. F.

No.

...

Cured.

...

118

Sophie Mahoumed,

Indian.

L. F.

Cured.

119

Li Shun,

Chinese.

Ꮇ .

Coolie.

120

Lai Poy,

Septic.

Bubonic.

None.

R. Ing.

Type

Situation

No.

Case.

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age.

Occupation.

Disease.

Buboes.

Was Cin-

Was namon Carbolic Essence Acid used? used?

How long

Hospital?

Result.

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

In Hospital.

Cured.

463

121

Cheung Sun Kun,

Chinese.

C'. C. 394.

Bubonic.

R. F.

No.

122

Li Kam,...

16.

Cook.

123.

Chow Kum,

Coolie.

Septic.

Bubonic.

None.

16.

L. F.

10.

...

124

Lam (hoi,

Hawker.

L. F.

多多

125

Unknown,

Coolie.

L. F.

126

Sundi Khan,.

127

Cheung Shui,

Indian.

Chinese.

P. C. 716.

L. F.

Coolie.

R. F.

128

Tsang Chung,

Mason.

235

L. Ing.

129

Tsoi Lau,....

R. A. & R. C.

130

Chung Wai,

Coolie.

R. F.

131

Sakichi Saito,

Japanese.

46.

Draper.

R. F.

132

Chong Se,

Chinese.

Septic.

None.

133

J— M-

British.

99.

134

Ye Mean,....

Chinese.

13.

Bubonie.

R. F.

135

Yong Chik,

26.

Coolie.

136

Ho Tin,

Septic.

R. F.

None.

137

Leung Chung On,.

Boatman.

138

Isher Singh,

Indian.

Asst. Warder.

Bubonie.

R. F.

139

DM-

British.

Police Inspector.

140

Lam Kow,.

Chinese.

Septic.

R. F.

None.

Yes.

Cured.

No.

Cured.

141

Mok Ying,..

Coppersmith.

Bubonic..

R. C.

士

142

Li Se Kwai,

R. Ing.

143

Li Ki,

Coolie.

R. F.

Yes.

No.

...

144

Kwan Luk,

R. F.

Yes.

י,

145

Low Ching,

R. F.

....

146

Lam Chun,

R. F.

395

147

Wong Sing,

148

Pun Hin,.....

149

150

Wong So Ho, Unknown,

""H"

Septic.

Bubonic.

None.

R. A.

...

ร

Septic.

R. F. & Ing.

None.

...

Cured.

99.

How long

Was Cin-

Type

Situation

No.

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex.

Age.

Occupation.

Was

namon Carbolic Essence Acid

Result.

Disease.

Buboes.

used? used?

Case.

Hospital?

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

151

Mahommed Hoosan,...

Indian.

152

Chan Fai,

Chinese.

153

Unknown,

154

Tsang Se Ngan,

155

Chan Bo,..

156

Lam Fong,

157

Leung Se Shop,

158

Chan Sing,

159

Pun Pin,

160

Wei Yuen,

161

A-

British.

162

163

Li Sing,.

Portuguese. Chinese.

ཟ ི ི་དམི མི མི་

Interpreter.

Septic.

None.

No.

Yes.

Cured.!

Coolie.

Bubonic.

R. F.

L. F.

R. F.

Coolie.

L. A.

Septic.

None.

Bubonic.

R. C.

...

Coolie.

L. F.

Septic.

None.

...

Cured.!

P. C. 106

Bubonic.

Septic.

L. F.

None.

164

To Chung,

165

Ye Cheung,

Coolie.

Wardboy.

Coolie.

166

Ho Sik,

وو

167

Chun Fong,

Bubonic.

Septic.

Bubonic.

R. & L. F.

...

Cured.

464

...

None.

Cured.

R. F.

168

Tse Sam,

Storekeper.

L. F.

169

Chong Kwon Sang,

L. Ing.

10 min.

وو

170

Lam Wing Sang,

Coolie.

L. F.

多多

171

Wong Hung, ...

R. F.

...

172

Yan Tan,.

R. Ing.

...

173

M-

MW.

British.

Engineer.

Septic.

None.

174

Umi Tanigate,

Japanese.

Cured.

175

Chou Ku,

Chinese.

Coolic.

Bubonic.

R. F.

...

176

Lau Ying,

Wardboy.

177

A-

Armenian.

Septic.

Bubonic.

None.

Cured."

R. F.

178

Tsang Chen,

Chinese.

Coolie.

L. F.

179

Al Kun,

L. Ing.

180

Hoi Hai,

99.

R. Ing.

...

Cured.

: id idd is

Was Cin- Was

How long

Type

Situation

No.

namon Carbolic

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age.

Occupation.

Essence

Acid

Disease.

Buboes.

Case.

used?

Hospital?

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

Result.

465

181

Wong Yim Yan,

182

Ichi Taura,

183

Leung Chan,

Chinese.

Japanese.

Chinese.

وو

184

Su Kwai,

2 30 18 3

Bubonic.

R. F

No.

Yes.

R. Ing.

Coolie.

Septic.

None.

:::

Engineer.

Bubonic.

185

A-

C-

186

Wong Kwong,

British.

Chinese.

Septic.

L. F.

None.

Coolie.

י,

187

Unknown,

Bubonic.

L. A.

188

Tsang Hoi Kwai,

* 189

MB-

Philippino.

190

Mahommed Taky Khan,

191

Hai Fung,

Indian.

Chinese.

Coolie.

Septic.

Bubonic.

Septic.

None.

R. F.

None.

יג

C. C. 179.

วร

192

Matabali,

Indian.

Asst. Warder.

193

Garmikh Singh,

Cured.

194

Ng Fat,

195

Abdul Rahim,

196

Li Kan,

Chinese.

Indian.

Chinese.

Coolie.

Bubonic.

R. F.

Watchman.

In Hospital.

Coolie.

Septic.

Nonc.

197

Wong Hing,

198

Chơi Fa,

199

Sunda Singh,

Indian.

Watchman.

200

Katha Singh,

P. C. 750.

FREE

Cured.

201

Chung Tim,

Chinese.

Coolic.

Cured.

202

H-

British.

P. C. 62.

Cured.

203

Ng Yau,

204

Mal Singh,

Chinese.

Indian.

وو

Wardboy.

Cured.!

P. C. 815.

Cured.

205

Ching Fong,

Chinese.

206

Leung Wong Hai,

"""

ง

C. C. 354.

Cured.

Bubonic.

R. C.

,,,

207

Ip Se Hai,

208

Ip Sik,

Coolic.

209

Young Him,

Septic.

Bubonic.

Septic.

None.

R. Ing.

None.

89231

Cured.

210

So Wood,

...

ንን

Was Cin-

No.

Type

Situation

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age. Occupation.

Disease.

Was

namon Carbolic Essence Acid

How long

Buboes.

Case.

used? used?

Hospital?

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

Result.

211

Leung Wan,

Chinese.

212

Chu Yu,

213

Li Sen,

214

Lai Hong,

215

Yun Kwai,

216

Wong Choi Ha,

217

Ahmet Khan,

Indian.

218

Yung Se Lin,

Chinese.

219

Ng Dong,

220

Sik Mahomed,

221

Lam Sai Kam,

Indian.

Chinese.

222

Go Yun,

223

Wong Choi Hoi,

FEE: FFFF · · EF

Coolic.

Septic.

Bubonic.

Septic.

None.

L. I. & F.

None.

No.

Yes.

Cured.

وو

Farmer.

Bubonic.

Septic.

R. Ing.

None.

Coolie.

وو

Storekeeper.

.16

...

Bubonic.

Septic.

R. A.

None.

Cured.

Coolie.

Bubonic.

R. A.

224

Cheng Te Wan,

None.

Cured.

466-

¦¦dd idd :

225

Ng Hang,

Coolie.

...

226

Kan Yau Kwai,

227

Sundar Singh,

Indian.

P. C. 519.

228

Lam Yang,

Chinese.

C. C. 321.

229

E-

British.

Warder.

230

Cheung Sam,

Chinese.

Coolie.

...

وو

231

Ebrahim,

Indian.

Assistant Warder.

232

Katta Sheik,

Coolie.

Septic.

L. C.

'None.

Hospital.

Cured.

233

Fakir Khan,

Watchman.

234

Lau Ti,

Chinese.

C. C. 286.

ร

235

Long Kwai,

Carpenter.

236

Tsang Wong Ping,

Bubonic.

Septic.

R. C.

None.

237

Ng Fuk,

Wardboy.

Cured.

238

Fu Yat On,

Tailor.

Bubonic.

239

Chan Hok,

Coolic.

240

Lee Wan,

Septic.

Bubonic.

R."F.

None.

R. F.

...

⠀ ⠀ ⠀då dåå

Was Cin-

No.

Type

Situation

Case.

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age.

Occupation.

Disease.

Was namon Carbolic Essence Acid

How long

Buboes.

used?

Hospital?

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

Result.

467-

241

Lee Sze Mui,

Chinese.

242

To Kwai,

C. C. 300

י,

243

Kaiser Singh,

Indian.

P. C. C. 76

Bubonic.

Septic.

R. F.

None.

No.

Yes.

...

244

K-

British.

245 H

M-

246

F-

R-

A-

247

248

Ladha Singh,

249

A-

R-

250

Goolam Mayden,

251

G- -A- P

Indian.

British.

Indian.

British.

་

S S

252

Thaker Singh,

253

Indian.

British.

254

O'K-

255

Yokoshi Kuni,

256

M-

Japanese.

British.

257

258

Noor Ahmed,

Indian.

RE: EES

Inspector, S. D.

Army Officer.

Stoker.

P. C. 823

School-master. Fireman.

Captain M. P. C. 524

Septic.

Bubonic.

L. F.

L. Ing.

None.

Cured.

In Hospital. Cured.

...

Cured.'

...

Cured.'

Cured.

Bubonic.

L. Ing. & F.

Cured.

Inspector, S. D.

Septic.

None.

Cured.

Bubonic.

R. C.

Cured.

Wardmaster.

Septic.

None.

Cured.

...

Cured.

Asst. Warder.

Cured.

259

-J-

D-

British.

-Engineer.

Cured.

وو

260

O'Kami,

Japanese.

Cured.

261

A- P-

French.

Merchant.

Bubonic.

L. F.

262

Kwourm Deen,

Indian.

Watchman.

R. F.

225

263

A- ·J. J-

-M,

British.

Officer, Land Court.

L. F.

264

Tung Yung,

Chinese.

Coolie.

Septic.

None.

265

ป-

H-

266

Matoes Fernandez,

British.

Indian.

Armourer Sergt.

Bubonic.

Cook.

Septic.

L. A.

None.

267

Joseph Morel,

268

G. Pinto,

.....

Pantryman.

多多

269

Domingo F. Carlos,

Butcher.

270

Gabriel de Silva,

Baker.

In Hospital. Cured.

Cured.

In Hospital. In Hospital. In Hospital.

In Hospital. In Hospital.

...

468

In Hospital.

Hospital.

In Hospital.

In | Hospital.

Cured.

...

In Hospital.

How long

Was Cin-

Was

Type

Situation.

No.

Patient's Name.

Race.

Sex. Age. Occupation.

Disease.

Buboes.

Case.

namon Carbolic Essence Acid

used? used?

Hospital?

Days. Hours. Cured. Died.

Result.

271

Maurice De Souza,

Indian.

M. 38

Steward.

Septic.

None.

No.

Yes.

272

Cipriano Pereira,

273

E-

274

Paulo Fernandes,

British.

Indian.

Pantryman.

275

Augustin Minezi,

Steward.

276

Remedios Almedi,

Pantryman.

277

Antonia Paches,

Waiter.

278

J-

R-

279

Kaichi Soda,

British.

Japanese.

Engineer.

Merchant.

280

Choo Singh,

281

Leung An Lum,

Indian.

Chinese.

Watchman.

Cook.

↓

སཏྭ

282

Mah Bal Shah,

Indian.

P. C. 552.

469

Report of the Government Analyst.

GOVERNMENT LABORATORY, HONGKONG, 28th January, 1904.

Sir, I have the honour to submit a statement of the work done in the Government Laboratory for the year 1903.

2. Analyses, more difficult and extensive than those of any previous year, were required to be performed. The work may be summarized as follows:-

DESCRIPTION OF CASES.

NO. OF ARTICLES

EXAMINED.

Toxicological (including 9 stomachs ),-

Articles for blood stains,

Waters,

Petroleum.

Food and Drugs,

Chinese drugs,

Coal,

Rocks,.

Coal-tar disinfectants.

Mortars,

Lime,

Cement,

Fire enquiries.

Sugar-cane juice.

Ores,

Opium pills.

Opium wine.

Medicated wines.

Aerated waters,

Mineral water,

•

Tin,

White metal,

Red earth,..

244

Yellow earth,

Cylinder oils,

Vegetable oils,

•

Alloy,

Air,

Deed for stain,

Paint,

White lead,..

Kill fire, Medicine,. Ointment,

Plague remedy,

Phosphorus paste,

Morphine Ordinance,

713

TOXICOLOGICAL.

3. The toxicological cases investigated comprised nine cases of suspected human poisoning. The poison found in four of these was opium.

WATERS.

4. The results of the analyses of samples taken each month from the Pokfu- lum and Tytam Reservoirs, from the Kowloon service, and Cheung Sha Wan supply, indicate that these supplies continue to maintain their excellent qualities.

In an Appendix will be found particulars of the monthly analyses of the public supplies, and of other waters.

470

The analytical figures given by a sample of unfiltered water from the West River will prove of interest. The following report was made:-

"The amount of organic matter present being higher than that in a first-class drinking water, this sample is of medium purity. The amount of impurity is very small. With but little purification this water could be converted into an excellent supply.

The sediment is composed of alumina, iron oxide, silica, magnesia, vegetable debris, and bacterial forms. The water has to a certain extent undergone self- purification-alumina, iron oxide, and magnesia having in course of time, been thrown out of solution, and in their precipitation have carried down some of the bacterial and vegetable matter of the water, thus forming a sediment of a mixed character."

The Dangerous Goods Ordinances, 1873 and 1892.

5. Of petroleum and petroleum fuel, 244 samples were examined. lity of the oil imported was sufficiently high to pass the 73° F. limit.

The Food and Drugs Ordinance.

The

qua-

6. Forty-seven exhibits were examined. The following table shows the results of the examination of 42 samples taken for the purpose of analyses:

Beer, Brandy,

Milk,

Ghee,

Portwine,

Whisky,

Gin.

Coffee,

DESCRIPTION.

NO. OF SAMPLES.

No. FOUND

GENUINE.

ADULTERATED.

...

7. A sample of tinned ham was found to contain .377 per cent. of boric acid and 6.187 per cent. of salt. Poisonous metals were absent. The tin being slightly blown' the gas contained therein was examined and found to be air expanded by the summer heat prevailing at the time of examination.

8. The result of the systematic method of taking samples by the Police has been that the sale of adulterated liquor has ceased in the Colony.

sis.

BLOOD STAINS.

9. Forty-five articles consisting of clothing and weapons were examined.

10. Samples of lime, mortar, cement, and red earth, have been sent for analy-

Some experiments with red earth' mortars have been continued.

It has been found that after more than a year's immersion such mortars, when not containing more than eight volumes of red earth to one volume of lime, become harder when kept under water than when exposed in the ordinary way. The lime used was the 'shell' variety and contained no soluble silica.

Red earth has been found to contain no less than 12.8 per cent. of soluble silica; its hydraulic character is therefore at once explained. Red earth is thus a kind of "pozzuolana."

LIME.

11. The quality of this material still demands attention. It is frequently contaminated by much lime carbonate, also by sand. The use of bad lime for building purposes will entail much expenditure yearly in repairs to houses.

•

471

CHINESE DRUGS.

12. With a view to ascertaining the usefulness of some native plague remedies, 30 Chinese drugs were sent to the laboratory for identification, and for accounts of their medicinal value.

EXAMINATIONS FOR THE PUBLIC.

13. A considerable number of articles of various kinds have been examined for the public. The list comprises ores, coal, liquor, milk, lime, cement, petroleumn, oils, air, paint, earth, rocks, tin. opium, medicines, and water. For these examin- ations the public have paid $3,474.50 in fees.

SPECIAL REPORTS.

14. Special reports have been supplied on:-

Naphtha.

Medicated wines.

Spirit of wine.

Ginseng.

Petroleum.

Chinese plague remedies.

West River water.

Prepared Opium Ordinance.

Tin melting.

Silverfish Insect.

15. Value of the work done.-The value of the analyses performed as determined from the tariff of charges published in Government Notification No. 664, is $8,167.00.

16. Library.--The following works have been ordered :-

Microscopical Examination of Food and Drugs-Greenish. Physiological Chemistry--Halliburton.

Painters' Colours, Oils, and Varnishes-Hurst. Practical Sanitation- Reid.

In Pharm. Journ., July 11th, 1903, a paper has been published giving methods for the preservation of books in hot climates.

Briefly, it may be stated

that books require to be preserved from damp and insects.

To guard against damp, after a prolonged spell of moist weather, the covers should be wiped, and the books should be placed in the sun or before a fire for a few hours. The following varnish has been found to prevent effectually the ravages of insects:-

Dammar resin, Mastic,

Canada balsam, Creosote,

Spirit of wine,

2 oz.

10%.

20 fluid ounces.

Macerate with occasional shaking for a few days if wanted at once, but for a longer time when possible as a better varnish will result after a maceration of several months.

Attention was also directed to the 'Silverfish' insect which is supposed to be destructive to books. It was found that a diet of either paper, wood, or cloth, was sufficient to keep these insects in good condition. Paper seemed to be the favourite food. The 'silverfish' seemed to prefer a vegetable diet and to have no liking for other insects that feed upon

books.

I have, &c.,

FRANK BROWNE, Ph. Ch., F.C.S.,

(Formerly a Demonstrator in the Laboratories of the Pharmaceutical Society),

Government Analyst.

The Hon. PRINCIPAL CIVIL MEDICAL OFFICER.

Total Solid

1903.

Matter

Supply.

dried

Saline Chlorine. Ammo-

Month.

Albume- noid Ammo-

at 100° C.

nia.

uia.

Oxygen absorbed in

4 hours at 80° F.

Pokfulum

6.0

Absent.

.0014

.010

472

HONGKONG PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES.

Result of the Monthly Analyses.

Results expressed in Grains per Imperial Gallon, (1 in 70,000).

Poi-

Nitrogen Sugar Test for

the detection Nitrates. of Sewage.

of Sewage. Metals.

No trace of Sewage indicated.

sonous

Absent.

Nitrites.

Absent. .012

January....

Tytam

3.2

Absent.

.005

Kowloon

4.0

.005

.008 .008

Cheung

Sha Wau.

3.2

.005

.016

Pokfulum.

5.9

.0014

.013

.020

Tytam

2.8

.0028

.013

.012

February

Kowloon

3.3

Absent, Absent.

.008

.024

* * *

Cheung

Sha Wan

4.0

.006

.016

Pokfulum

5.0

March

Kowloon

Tytam..... 3.0

3.2

bibli

.012

.016

.007

.012

.007

.024

***

Cheung

Sha Wan.

4.1

.007

.016

Pokfulum

5.x

.0028

.007

.037

Tytam....

3.0

.0014

.006

.008

April ..........

Kowloon

4.2

.0014

.016

.012

Cheung

Sha Wan.

4.2

Absent.

.016

.012

Pokfulum.

6.8

.0028

.019

.016

Tytam

5.5

.014

.012

.་

May

Kowloon

3.7

.0014

.009

.024

Cheung

Sha Wan.

4.0

.009

.012

Pokfulum

5.8

Tytam

4.0

June

Kowloon

3.7

60 10 10

.0014

.024

.019

Absent.

.012

.008 Absent

Cheung

Sha Wan.

3.8

.008

وو

Pokfulum.

5.3

Tytam

4.0

July

Kowloon

4.5

754

.018

.022

.012 Absent.

.0014

.018

.0.6

Chenng

Sha Wan.

3.5

Absent,

.010

.008

Pokfulum

3.8

Tytam...

3.3

August

Kowloon

4.0

ان ان ان

.0014

.030

.016

9.9

.017

.008

Absent.

.020

.008

Cheung

Sha Wan.

3.5

.0014

.013

.008

Pokfulum

4.3

Tytam

3.0

September

Kowloon

3.0

365

.027

.016

.027

.008

Absent.

.010

.008

Cheung

Sha Wan.

3.2

.010

ง

.016

Pokfulum

4.0

Tytam.... 3.0

October...

Kowloon

3.5

785

.0028 Absent.

.011

.012

.007

.004

.005*

.016

•

Cheung

Sha Wan.

3.5

.007

.016

Pokfulum Tytam

4.3

3.0

November

Kowloon

3.3

9992

.011

.009

.016 Absent.

.003

ས་

.008

Cheung

Sha Wan

3.5

.003

.016

Pokfulum

4.2

Tytam....

2.9

December

Kowloon

3.3

b. aa

.004

.016

多多

.006

.008

.004

.016

Cheung

Sha Wan.

3.5

.002

.016

WATERS.

Results expressed in Grains per Imperial Gallon, (1 in 70,000).

Total

Solid

Date.

Situation.

Depth.

Matter Chlorine.

Saline

Ammonia

dried at

100° C.

Oxygen Nitrogen Albume- absorbed noid in 4 Ammonia hours at

80° F.

Nitrates Nitrites.

and

Nitrites.

Sugar Test for the

Poisonous

General Remarks.

Detection of Sewage.] Metals.

Yellow colour of

water due to a trace

1903.

Jan.

Well in rear of I. L. 1513,

22.5

2.8

Tung Lo Wan,

.0028 .0028

1.440

Absent.

Well at Wong Ka Wai,

4.8

Absent. .0056

.029

.021

No Sewage indicated.

Well at Shing Ting Pi,

3 feet.

17.0

3.1

.0014 .0028

.029

.576

Well at Tung Chung Kai,

8 feet.

14.0

2.4

.0042

.0070

.045

.288

وف

Well at Tung Wah Hospital,

7 feet.

23.0

4.2

.0014

.0028

.008

.460

Well at Swatow-No. 3..

12 feet.

32.5

8.4

.0042 .0042

.040

.098

Well at Swatow--Tsui Keng

20 feet.

5.0

Absent.

.0014

.024

.008

-No. 1,

Well at Swatow---Hong Sua

20 feet.

17.0

4.2

.0084

.0115

.063

.148

-No. 2,

Feb. 5

Water from tap at Bay View

Hotel,

Water supplying shipping near

Bay View Hotel,

Well in rear of 24 and 26,

3.7

.7 Absent.

.0014

.008

Sewage indicated.

No Sewage indicated.

4.3

.0014

.005

.012

17.5

2.8

.0112 .0140

.403

Temple St., N., Yaumati, .S

Sewage indicated.

Mar. 3

Water from Macao,

43.0

4.9

.0042

.0028

.011

2.214

Present.

Well at side of Bailey's Yard,

32.0

10.5 Absent.

.0126

346

To Kwa Wan,

Sewage indicated.

Well in rear of No. 104, To

12.5

2.1

Absent.

.005

.543

Kwa Wan,

Absent. No Sewage indicated.

Water from Macao,

13.7

1.7

.0056

.059

.576

Water from Canton-conden-

4.5 Absent. .3066

Absent.

.056 Absent.

...

sed water,

Well at 111, Jervois Street,

9 feet.

42.0

8.4

1.616

Present. Sewage indicated.

May 5

Well at 112 and 114, Welling- ton Street,

12 feet.

16.0

2.0

.0224 .0028

.570

Absent.

Stream below new dam, New

5.8

.0028 .0056

.032

.016

No Sewage indicated. |

Kowloon,

Stream above Kew's dam, New 2

4.8

Absent. .0014

.020

.012

Kowloon,

Well at back of No. 26, First

18.0

9.1

.1050

.0070

.403 Present. Sewage indicated.

Street,

of iron.

473

WATERS.

Results expressed in Grains per Imperial Gallon, (1 in 70,000),—Continued.

474

Total

Date.

Situation.

Depth.

Solid

Matter Chlorine. dried at

Oxygen Nitrogen Albume-absorbed

Saline

Ammonia

Sugar Test for the Detec- Poisonous

100° C.

noid in 4 Nitrates Nitrites. Ammonia hours at and 80° F. Nitrites.

General Remarks.

tion of Sewage.

Metals.

July 21

Well at Un Loong,

62.0

12.6

.0140

.0028

Absent.

Well at No. 6, Dock Street,

17.0

2.5

.0028 .0014

.016

321

Absent.

Hunghom,

No Sewage indicated.

Aug. 8

Well at Deep Water Bay,

10 feet.

8.0

1.8

.0056

.0028

.060

.025

Sept. 9

Well at Tai Wai,

9 feet.

32.0

9.1

.0084 Absent.

.057

Vegetable fibre and earth in deposit.

Well at San Piu,

4 feet.

.028

.0028

Sewage indicated.

Well at Tung Tau,

6 feet.

60.0

14.0 .0056

.0028

.707

Well at Choi Uk Tsun,

15 feet.

44.0

14.0

.0056

.0028

.230

No Sewage indicated.

Well at Nam Piu Wai,

12 feet.

32.0

15.4 .0056

.0028

.016

Well at Un Loong Wai,

6 feet.

66.0

20.3

Absent.

.0028

*.460

Present.

Well at Un Loong Chow Kai,

8 feet.

66.0

16.1 .0056

.0028

1.143

Sewage indicated.

Well at Wong Uk Tsun,

15 feet.

13.0

4.2 .0056 .0028

.112

Absent.

No Sewage indicated.

Well at the Metropole Hotel,

4.8

.7 Absent.

.0028

.026

.008

Stream at the Metropole Hotel,

4.8

.0028

.033

.008

Oct. 13

Well at back of No. 176, Third

6 fect.

7.5

1.7

.0014 Absent.

.010

.172

Street,

وو

Nov. 12

2222

West River water,

9.0

Absent.

.0056

.110

Absent.

وو

Sediment-11.57 grains

Well at Un Chow,

6 feet.

1.5

.0140

.0028

.033

Sewage indicated.

per gallon.

Well at Un Lun Garden,

9 feet.

6.0

.0700

.0084

.247

Present.

Well at 114 and 116, Welling-

12 feet.

9.5

1.2

.0056

.0012

.029

.188

Absent.

ton Street,

Well at Kowloon Ting, East, ....

8 feet.

16.0

2.8

.0056 .0042

.030

.329

Dec. 2 Spring at Kennedy Town Hos-

pital,

1.2 Absent. Absent.

.016

Well in rear of K. I. L. 1092,

3 feet.

7.2

1.2

.0140 .0140

.042

.080

No Sewage indicated. Sewage indicated.

.99

Well at Mau Lam Gardens,

6 feet.

7.0

1.1 .0168 .0112

0.35

.058

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORTS OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, THE SANITARY SURVEYOR, AND THE COLONIAL VETERINARY SURGEON, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

SANITARY BOARD OFFICES,

HONGKONG, March 20th, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit, for the information of the President and Members of the Sanitary Board, the following report on the Health of the Colony during the year 1903.

The geographical situation of the Colony just within the northern tropic (N. 22° 5′) and its relation to the mainland of the southern part of the Chinese Empire, the annual cycle of meteorological phenomena, the configuration of the island of Hongkong and its geological formation, all combine to pro luce a state of things which, summed up under the word Climate, must have directly and in- directly a great though perhaps a not easily perceptible effect on the health of the

inhabitants.

Although Hongkong is an island, yet its proximity to the mainland modifies the solar climate considerably. The range of temperature throughout the year is considerable, yet it is not so great as is found to be the case in places not very far inland in the Kwang Tung Province. The effect of the ocean is seen in that the highest monthly mean was only 82 F, while the effect of the proximity of the main- land of South China is felt in the comparatively low temperatures in the first two months of the year, when the mean temperatures were 58.3 and 58·4 respec- tively. The highest rise of the thermometer therefore in the hot season is small when compared with that which occurs in Calcutta, which is in about the same latitude, and the cool bright days of the cold season are, considering the low latitude of the Colony, a wonderful advantage from a climatic point of view.

There is no doubt however that the condition of the atmosphere in the City of Victoria is, during the summer months, very depressing. This is due to a great extent to the high percentage of moisture in the air at the same time when the temperature is high. But there are, in my opinion, other factors to be considered. The position of the City of Victoria on the northern side of the Island and at the foot of high hills cuts it off to a great extent from the influence of the prevailing winds of the hot season, and moreover the crowding together of the houses owing to the steepness of the site of the City and the lack of room for expansion, the resulting narrow streets, high buildings and the heavy verandahs to the houses, all tend to produce a condition of stagnation in the atmosphere of the City during the time when free ventilation is most desirable.

The configuration of the ground upon which the City of Victoria is built is undoubtedly a great factor in the sanitary condition of the Colony. The steepness of the hills has rendered it necessary to cut deeply into the hillsides when preparing sites for houses, with the result that in the older portions of the City dark and unhealthy basements abound. In some cases two floors are com- pletely below the level of the ground on one side.

The nature of the rock or soil on which the City is built is also unfavourable. This geological formation of disintegrated granite or laterite has long been considered unhealthy. In former years, before the discovery of the relation of the mosquito to malarial fever, the laterite of Hongkong was considered to be essen- tially a malaria producing soil.

But apart from this it is easy to see how this soil may play its part as a factor in the sanitary condition of the Colony.

300

This gravelly soil must contain a great quantity of water. This can be seen to be a fact inasmuch as there are springs or sources of water in the City which even during the longest droughts do not dry up.

As a consequence the soil below the ground floor of houses and frequently the basements of houses themselves are more or less damp.

These matters have of course long been recognised and legislated for, but in actual practice I think that there is much to be desired. There appears to be great difficulty in obtaining, for example, lime concrete of a good enough quality to render a ground floor dry and impervious, and I am of the opinion that, wherever it is desired to lay down a ground surface which is to be impervious, good cement concrete should be insisted on in lieu of the lime concrete at present accepted as sufficient by the law.

The following table, compiled from the monthly report of the Director of the Observatory, gives the monthly means or totals, as the case may be, of certain meteorological phenomena recorded throughout the year:-

TEMPERATURE.

WIND.

MONTH.

HUMIDITY. SUNSHINE. RAINFALL.

Max. Min. Mean.

Direction.

Force.

January,

54.2

58.3

107:3

1.370

ENE

11.8

February,

62.7

55.1

58.4

77.2

•210

E by N

12.6

March,

70·1

63.0

66.3

64.3

2.655

15.0

April,.

76.8

68.7

72:4

86.6

4.725

E by S

13.2

May,

79.5

72.2

75'4

82.5

13.960

E by S

13.8

June,

86.4

78.5

82.0

151.6

25.230

SSW

11.7

July,

86.2

78.1

81.7

208.1 11.160

E by S

11.4

August,

85.8

77.1

80.9

157.5 14.970

SSW

8.7

September, ...

82.9

75.8

78.6

165-7

16.535

13.0

October,..

81.5

72.2

76.1

173.9

1.660

NE by N

13.9

November,

73.8

62.1

67.2

209-2

1·099

NĚ

9.6

December,

66.9

56.0

61.1

222.3

'085

NE by N

12.0

The month of June shews the highest mean nonthly temperature while the greatest height of the thermometer was reached at 92.4 F. on July 31st.

The lowest mean monthly temperature is that for January 58 3, but the low- est daily mean is that for Febrary 2nd when a temperature of 46.0 was recorded.

The lowest temperature recorded by the minimum thermometer was 41.9 on February 3rd.

In my report on the epidemic of plague during 1903 I have discussed at some length the possible relationship of the epidemic to the meteorological data.

I should like however here again to draw attention to the very great differ- ence between the recorl for December, 1902, and that for December, 1903.

It is perhaps best shewn in the form of a table :-

WIND.

Month.

Mean Temp. Humidity.

Relative

Sunshine. Rainfall.

Direction. Force.

Dec., 1902. 64.6

75%

Dec., 1903, 61.1

56%

719 222.3

2.965 085

ENE NE by E

11.2

12:0

In December, 1902, therefore the mean temperature of the month was 3.5° F. higher, there was 18 times as much moisture in the air, and the amount of sun- shine was less than one-third that of December, 1903. The rainfall too in December, 1902, was nearly 3 inches, while in December, 1903, was practically nil.

ז'

301

The month of November in 1902 and 1903 too compare somewhat similarly as

here shewn.

Month.

Nov., 1902,

Nov., 1903,

Temperature.

Relative Humidity.

Sunshine.

Rain.

715

74%

150-8

5.400

67.2

62%

209-2

1·099

It is seen therefore that the weather during the last two months of 1993 has been cooler, dryer and brighter than in the corresponding months of 1902.

As it is undoubtedly a matter of common observation that the state of the weather bears some relation to the seasonal recurrence of plague, I have compiled the following table showing the mean temperature an! relative humidity and the total hours of sunshine and inches of rainfall, together with the total cases of plague for each of the months November to February inclusive, which are those in which as experience shows the annual plague epidemics begin. With the exception of the years 1895 and 1897, it will be noticed that as a general rule the brighter, dryer and cooler these months are the less are the numbers of the plague cases at the beginning of the several epidemics.

I also give here for convenient reference a table showing the cases of plague which occurred each month from 1895 to 1903 inclusive.

1895 EPIDEMIC,-44 Cases.

Month.

Plague Cases. Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1894,

December,

January,..............1895,

February,

ཌས ་ ༤༤

70.0

226.0

0·030

62.4

151.0

0.755

56.5

151.2

0.410

60-2

73.6

0.835

Mean or Total, ...

62.2

69.5

601.8

2-030

1896 EPIDEMIC,-1,204 Cases.

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1895,

67.6

185-7

0.325

December, ...

63.2

117·2

0.200

January,......1896,

62.0

133.8

1·730

February,

125

56.0

16.3

7.945

... ""

Mean or Total, ...

191

62.2

71.7

453.0

10.200

1897 EPIDEMIC,-21 Cases.

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity.

Sunshine.

Rain.

November,...1896,

December,

...

January,......1897,

February,

HOOO

71-7

134.0

2.975

62.2

167·0

1.290

63.1

90.7

2.260

54.2

47.4

1.820

Mean or Total, ...

62.8

75-2

439.1

8.345

302

1898 EPIDEMIC,-1,320 Cases.

{

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November,...1897,

January,......1898,

RONN

69.8

176-1

7.320

60.6

60.1

62.7

December,....

February,

Mean or Total,

63.3

604.1

11.480

146.8

0.480

175.8

1·160

105.4

2.520

Month.

November, ...1898,

December,

...

January,......1899,

December,

Mean or Total,

1899 EPIDEMIC,-1,486 Cases.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

OHIN

69.4

171-1

0.790

62.1

254-4

0.025

59.0

198.6

0.185

59.6

136.4

2.205

62.5

61.5

760-5

3.205

1900 EPIDEMIC,-1,087 Cases.

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ... 1899,

67.8

153.4

1.640

December,

66.2

172.9

1.790

January,......1900,

· 55.6

120.5

0.770

February,

56.9-

48.1

2.640

Mean or Total, ...

61.6

72.7

494.9

6.840

1901 EPIDEMIC,-1,651 Cases.

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November,...1900,

2274

68.8

143-2

5.785

64.4

64.9

58.4

December,

January,.....1901,

February,

Mean or Total, ...

64.1

66.2

547.3

7.390

211.2

0.155

94.3

0.685

98.6

0.765

Month.

November, ...1901,

December, ...

.1902,

January,.. February,

Mean or Total,...

1902 EPIDEMIC,-572 Cases.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

121A

69.5

227.7

0.770

61.6

176-3

0.835

63.1

238.8

0.285

59.5

200-0

0.020

63.4

64.2

842.8

1.910

303

Month.

Cases.

1903 EPIDEMIC,-1,415 Cases.

Temperature. Humidity.

Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1902,

71.5

150.8

5.400

December,...

64-6

71.9

2.965

January,......1903,

58.3

107.3

1.370

February,

58.4

77-2

0.210

Mean or Total, ...

63.2

72.2

407.2

9.945

Table Shewing the Number of Cases of Plague known to have occurred in the Colony for each Month from 1895 to 1903.

YEAR.

MONTH.

1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899.

1900.· 1901. 1902.

1903.

January,

February,

125

March,

168

137

115

April,

316

468

101

160

272

May,.

344

534

421

326

701

157

515

113

514

325

551

194

343

242

263

209

109

131

80 27

June, July, August, September, October, November, December,

44 1,204 21 | 1,320 1,486 1,087 1,651 572 1,415

RAINFALL AND WATER SUPPLY.

The rainfall for the year amounted to 93.659 inches being 3.841 inches less than in 1902 and 7·539 inches more than the average rainfall for the last twenty years.

year. I have before, in a report on cholera at the Tung Wah Hospital in 1902, pointed the dangers of the ball valves in the street hydrants, and how they may be the means of entrance of specific infective material, and should unfortunately a water borne disease, e.g., cholera, break out in the City during our time of intermittent supply there would be many chances of the disease assuming epidemic proportions. The quality of the water as shewn by chemical analysis throughout the year has been constant and good. The result of twelve analyses shew an average analysis as follows:

[These Tables are compiled from Monthly Reports to the Board by the Government Analyst.]

KOWLOON SERVICE.

Results expressed in grains per gallon.

Appearance in 24 inch tube,

Total solid matter dried at 212° F..

Chlorine in chlorides,

Hardness in "degrees,"

Ammonia,

Albumenoid Ammonia,.

Oxygen al sorbed in 4 hours at about 80" F.

•

Nitrogen in Nitrites and Nitrates,

Nitrites,

Sugar test for the detection of sewage, Poisonous metals,

* On four occasions slightly opalescent.

Clear and bright. *

3.65

4.75

...

absent.

.0003

.009

2014

absent.

negative.

absent.

304

TYTAM SERVICE,

Results in grains per gallon.

Appearance in 24 inch tube,.

Clear and bright. *

Total solid matter dried at 212° F.,

3.40

Chlorine in Chlorides,.

5.50

Hardness in degrees,"

Ammonia,

...

.0002

Albumenoid Ammonia..

Oxygen absorbed in 4 hours at about 80° F.

Nitrogen in Nitrites and Nitrates,

Nitrites,

Sugar test for detection of sewage,

Poisonous metals,

....

•

.0008

.012

.007

absent.

negative. absent.

POKFULUM SERVICE.

Results in grains per gallon.

Appearance in 24 inch tube,

Clean and bright

or slightly opalescent equally.

Total solid matter dried at 212° F.,

4.7

Chlorine in Chlorides,

Hardness in "degrees,'

Ammonia,

.0001

Albumenoid Ammonia,

.001

Oxygen absorbed in 4 hours at about 80° F. Nitrogen in Nitrites and Nitrates,

.016

.017

Nitrites,

absent.

Sugar test for the detection of sewage,. Poisonous metals,

negative.

.... absent.

During the year, twelve wells have been closed by order of the Board on con- sideration of the reports of the Government Analyst on the quality of the water yielded by them, and of their situation. Six of these were in Hongkong and six at Kowloon. Samples of water from three other wells at Kowloon and two others in Hongkong were reported on by the Government Analyst and in consequence of his report it was not considered necessary to close the wells.

GENERAL SANITARY CONDITION OF THE CITY.

Although comparatively few buildings have as yet been erected under the pro- visions of the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance, yet such buildings as have been put up shew a marked improvement in the matter of open spaces about them when compared with old buildings.

When a new building is erected on the site of an old building in a row of houses the shape of the old site does out afford sufficient opportunity to build a house of quite a new type. What is required in Hongkong is a new type of Chinese house and this will surely not be obtained unless houses can be re-built in blocks so that the frontage of houses and consequently the available window area may be much wider for the depth of the houses than at present.

In Hongkong little or no attention has been paid to the necessity of adapting houses to the requirements of the community and therefore the working classes have had to adapt themselves to existing houses.

This has resulted in the present insanitary condition of the houses of the working classes of Chinese.

In Great Britain much has been done latterly to provide houses for the work- ing classes; affording the tenants the necessary privacy and independence and at the same time adequate lighting, ventilation and other sanitary requirements.

It should not be difficult to model some scheme to effect this in Hongkong taking into consideration the local conditions and adapting the scheme to the place.

This I fear cannot be effected merely by the re-building of houses one by one on their old sites but only by concerted action.

* On four occasions slightly opalescent.

305

During the year special attention has been paid to the enforcement of the domestic cleanliness bye-laws. The standard of thoroughness for the six-monthly limewashing of tenement houses has been considerably raised, though not without much difficulty and opposition at first.

GENERAL CLEANSING OF THE CITY,

On November 10th there was begun a general cleansing of the buildings throughout the City of Victoria and Kowloon. The scheine was as follows:-The Sanitary Inspectors of the Plague Staff were to have served on each separately let floor a notice requiring the tenants to cleanse the floor on the third day from the date of service. Failure to comply with the notice would result in the floor being cleansed by the coolies employed by the Board.

On the morning of the day mentioned for compliance with the notice the Sanitary Inspector assisted by a Foreman would visit the houses to be cleansed on that day, and would supervise the work. Soft soap ready dissolved in hot water would be issued to the people free of cost. Any floors found clean would be exempted from further washing. Empty floors found dirty would be cleansed by coolies under the direction of the Sanitary Inspector. The scheme proved very successful. With surprising willingness the people set to and cleansed their houses, with the result that up to the end of the year 18,983 floors were cleansed and up to the date of the last weekly return (January 23rd, 1904,) 23,784 floors.

That such a general cleansing is really required is shown by the great quan- tily of domestic rubbish daily carted away from the houses being cleansed. It has been estimated that about 30 tons of rubbish has been removed daily in this way since the cleansing began.

PUBLIC SANITARY CONVENIENCES.

During 1903 there have been erected and handed over to the Board two public latrines, two public urinals and one public (free) bath-house. The latrines are situate at Tai Hang Village and in the compound of No. III Police Station in Queen's Road East. The two urinals are one in Ice House Street and one at the Parade Ground. The bath-house is in Cross Lane.

This bath-house has been a great boon to the neighbourhood, the average number of men making use of the place during December, 1903, being 550 per day. Before the water supply was cut off after 10 a.m. between 900 and 1,000 men used the bath-house daily.

The four bath-houses rented by the Board in the block of houses between Second and Third Streets have been retained since the last epidemic of plague was over, and are much used by the people in this district.

Two more public latrines, one new bath-house and three urinals are shortly to be erected and there is no doubt that they are urgently needed.

Complaints of bad smells emanating from the public latrines have been fre- quently received and are not unjustified. These places are well looked after by the Sanitary Inspectors, but if bad smells are to be avoided the design of these build- ings and the system of ventilating them will have to be altered. Instead of ventilation by simple diffusion or even by exhaust fans and tall shafts some elaborate scheme of controlled ventilation by means of special inlets and outlets will have to be adopted and moreover cremating furnaces for the foul air will have to be provided at the outlets.

OPEN SPACES.

A small resumption of built over land has been made in No. 6 Health District by which Lower Lascar Row has been continued to U Hing Lane. The resump- tion included four houses and small portions of two others but a considerable improvement has thereby been effected providing a good open space between the backs of houses in Queen's Road Central and Circular Pathway. The large plot of land between Taipingshan Street and Po Hing Fong between Square Street on the East and the new Tung Wah Hospital building on the West has been saved from the builder for the purpose of a public park. As a playground for the children of the very densely populated district below, it should prove a great

benefit.

306

POPULATION.

The estimated Population of the Colony excluding the Army and Navy (excluding the New Territory) to the middle of 1903 is as follows:---

British and Foreign Community.

The whole Colony, Civil Population,.

10,080

Chinese Community.

Victoria Registration District.-Land Population,.

.186,890

V. Harbour

33,930

Kaulung Shaukiwan

Land

58,220

སྭ

Land

10,105

Boat

6,300

Land

3.720

Boat

6.000

▼

Land Boat

885

1,000

Land

.259,820

Boat

47.230

Aberdeen

Stanley

་་

The whole Colony

.་

The whole Colony.

Land and Boat Population,...307,050

British Foreign & Chinese

Community excluding 317.130 Army and Navy,..

This shews an increase of 14,014 over the estimate for 1902. This increase can be divided into the classes :-

1. Increase in British and Foreign Community.

264

2. Chinese Community increase in Victoria Registration District, 4,090

OTH 30 10:

་་

י,

Kowloon, Regn. District, ...6,660 Floating Population, ....... 2.475 Villages of Hongkong,

525

Total,.

.14,014

Army. The total strength of the troops in the Hongkong Command on June 30th, 1903, was 4,100, made up as follows:-

British troops.-Officers 73, British Non-Commnissioned officers and men

1,238, British women 77, and British children 126.

Native troops.-British officers 18, native officers 45, Non-Commissioned

officers and men 2,485, native women 15, native children 21.

Navy. The total numerical strength of Officers and men on the China Station on 30th June, 1903, was 8,905, and the average number resident in the Colony during the year ended 30th June, 1903, was 4,401.

The total population of the Colony including Army and Navy was therefore 325,631 made up as follows :-

Civil population, Non-Chinese,.

Chinese population,

Navy,

Army,.

Total,

10,080

.307,050

4,401

4,100

.325,631

The total population, comprising Europeans, Americans and Portuguese, is for 1903 12,771, as compared with 12,105 in 1902.

The white population amongst the Army and Navy is 5,933 for 1903, as against 6,063 in 1902.

This difference and the fact that the Portuguese element has tended to decease of late years accounts for the apparent decease of the resident white population of the Colony and the smallness of the real increase which appears when the fact that there are less naval and military forces is taken into account.

307

The other races amongst the population number 5,810, as compared with 5,719 in 1902. The Nationalities represented amongst these are natives of India, Malays. Filipinos, Japanese, Africans and Eurasians.

The number of Indian troops including women and children in the Colony at the end of June, 1903, was 2,566.

The following is a statement of the number of licensed boats belonging to the Colony :-

Victoria trading junks,

Hunghom

fishing

Sam-shui-po

7.9

Shaukiwan

772

936

.1,122

.1,222

2,080

394

·6,614

་

Aberdeen

Stanley

New Territory

Cheung Chan fishing junks,

.1,622

Tai O,......

740

Tai Po

..1,343

Deep Bay,

Sai Kung,

Sampans,

1,428

..1,074

6,207

..2,424

Lighters,

Cargo boats,

.2,005

Other boats,

362

4,844

Grand Total,......

...17,665

The following Tables show details of the distribution of the population in the City of Victoria. Table I shows the estimated number of inhabitants per house and per floor, while Table II shows the number of persons per acre based on the estimated population.

The average number of persons per built over acre has risen from 258 in 1892 to 266 in 1903, and the total number of persons per acre inclusive of all open spaces in the City has risen from 132 in 1902 to 136 in 1903.

It is however highly probable that the population of the City of Victoria is under-estimated and that therefore the overcrowding is much more intense than these tables show.

When His Excellency Sir HENRY BLAKE took a census of the experimental block of houses in Second and Third Streets it was found that in 257 houses comprising 604 floors there were 7,701 inhabitants giving an average of 29.9 persons per house and 12.7 persons per floor.

The houses in this block are smaller than the average Chinese houses in the City and yet the corresponding figures for No 9 Health District are only 23·5 per house and 8.9 per floor for 1903.

I have pointed out in my Report on the plague epidemic for 1903 that there appears to be direct relation between this overcrowding and plague the disease being worst where the number of persons per floor is greatest.

City of Victoria

Health Districts.

www.

308

Table I.

Dwellings.

One storey

Dwellings.

Two storey

Dwellings.

Three storey

Dwellings.

Four storey

Dwellings.

Five storey

Total Dwellings.

Total Floors.

Average Num- ber of Floors per Dwelling.

No. of Persons per House.

No. of Persons

per Floor.

268

545

248

354

556

3888888

1,094

2,234

2.04

11.7

5.7.

1,003

2.709

2.7

24.6

9.1

2.7

576

352

1,011

3,311

3.2

24.9 7.6

132

515

263

956

3,193

3.1

24.7 7.4

395

338

877

2,900 3.3

23.0

6.9

445

373

897

3,040

3.4

16.2

4.8

616

275

983

3,135 3.1

20.4

6.4

466

478 98

1.058

2,774 2.6 23.5 8.9

334 342

736

1,841 2.8

19-0 7.6

Total & Averages,

4102,083 4,190 | 1,841 1208,642

25,210 2.8 21.6 7.4

In No. 3 Health District the majority of the Chinese live in houses not classed as Chinese dwellings.

Health

Districts.

Table II.

Built over

Non- Total Area (in- Chinese Chinese Acreage. cluding Houses. Houses.

Streets.

Chinese

Non- Chinese Population

Persons per

Population. (Approxi

mate) including Troops.

acre on

Built-over Areas.

531

131

1,094

154

12,810

1,396

108

243

139 1,003

24,700

2,230

198

164

134

555

6,490

3,020

1,011

157

25,200

1,260

508

956

23,650

260

848

877

20,200

750

897

14,600

473

983

20,100

437

1,058

24,900

160

569

252

105

736

14,050

560

139

1,434

736 8,642

1,057

186,700

9,064

266

Total,.

This Table shows that the total number of domestic buildings in Victoria is 9,699. During 1903 116 actually new houses were certified in Hongkong by the Sanitary Surveyor, and 130 in Kowloon-a total of 246. In addition 161 houses were rebuilt becoming new houses under the Ordinance. Besides these 246 houses certified under Ordinance 13 of 1901, there were two new houses certified under the present Public Health and Buildings Ordinance.

BIRTHS.

The following births have been registered during the year :

Chinese, Non-Chinese,

Males.

Females.

Total.

...521

228

749

.150

135

285

671

363

1,034

The general birth-rate is therefore 3.17 per 1,000 as compared with 3.8 per 1,000 in 1902.

The birth-rate for 1903 amongst the Non-Chinese population is 15.2 per 1,000 as compared with 12.6 per 1,000 in 1902.

ན

309

The nationalities of the Non-Chinese parents were as follows-British 118, Portuguese 73, Indian 37, Malay 14, Filipino 10, German 8, French 4, Spanish 3, Persian 3, Norwegian 2, Jewish 2, Japanese 2. Austrian 2, Australian 1, American 1, Eurasian 1, Arabian 1, Hungarian 1, Turkish 1, Dutch 1.

The proportion of Non-Chinese births of male children to female children is the same as in last year, viz., 111 to 100, but the number of Chinese births regis- tered this year shows a proportion of 228 males to 100 females.

During 1903 there died in the Convents 455 children of 1 month of age and under-186 males and 269 females. There were found by the Police in the harbour, streets and on the hillside 92 male children, 50 female and 4 stillborn sex unknown-a total of 146.

If these figures be added to the number of Chinese births to obtain a cor- rected birth-rate as has usually been the custom, the birth-rate would become 5:02 per 1,000 for the whole Colony.

For the Chinese Community alone the addition of the above figures to the Chinese births will give a corrected birth-rate for the Chinese Community of 4:39 per 1,000. Without this correcting factor the Chinese birth-rate becomes 2:43 per 1,000.

It is however probable that even this corrected figure is too low and that comparatively few births amongst the poorer classes of Chinese are registered.

DEATHS.

The deaths registered during the year numbered 6,185 as compared with 6,783 in 1902. The general death-rate for 1903 is therefore 18.9 as compared with 21.7 in 1092.

This is the lowest death-rate recorded during the last twenty-one years. If the Naval and Military populations and deaths be excluded the death-rate becomes 19.3 per 1,000 which is lower than any annual rate recorded from 1883 to 1894 when the death-rate was thus reckoned. The lowest rate for these eleven years

was 20.7 in 1892.

During the last eight years when the Naval and Military population and deaths have been taken into account the lowest death-rate was in 1897, viz., 19′13. In 1897 however there were only 21 cases of plague so that the death-rate for 1903 (18.9) must be reckoned as exceedingly favourable as this year there were 1,251 deaths from plague alone. Excluding deaths from plague the death-rate for 1903 is 15.1 per 1,000; the previous lowest rate since 1894 being 17-98 per 1,000 in 1898.

The deaths amongst the Chinese community numbered 5,875 as compared with 6,431 in 1902. This gives a death-rate for Chinese of 19.1 per 1,000 as compared with 21.93 per 1,000 in 1902.

Of the Chinese deaths 3,281 were inales and 2,554 were females, while 40 were of unknown sex.

At the 1901 census the females amongst the Chinese numbered 27 per cent. of the population so that the figure for female deaths is proportionately very high. The latter half of the year 1903 is noteworthy on account of the considerably less number of deaths than occurred in the corresponding half of 1902.

The following table shows the quarterly death-rates for Chinese and Non- Chinese for 1902 and 1903 respectively:

1902.

1. Non-Chinese,...

2. Chinese,

1. Non-Chinese,

2. Chinese,

1st quarter.

2nd quarter. 3rd quarter. 4th quarter.

13.7

25.0

20.3

16.4

14.7

26.2

26.4

20.4

1903.

13.1

24.5

17.4

25.3

13.9

17.8

14.8

16.6

This shows that the latter half of 1903 has been more healthy both for Chinese and Non-Chinese than the corresponding half of 1902. The greatest difference lies between the quarterly death-rate for Chinese during the third quarter

of each year.

310

The deaths registered as having occurred amongst the Non-Chinese community during 1903 number 310. Of these, 33 are from the Army and 9 from the Navy, leaving 268 amongst the Civil population.

The death-rate therefore for the Non-Chinese population including the Army and Navy is 16.6 per 1,000 as compared with 19 per 1,000 in 1902.

The nationalities of the deaths were as follows:-British 81. Portuguese 52, Indian 89, Danish 2, Siamese 1, Malay 9, Filipino 4, Japanese 30, American 6, Jewish 4, German 10, Russian 2. Spanish 3. Armenian 1. French 5, Parsee 1, Peruvian 1, Austrian 1, Norwegian 2, Gounese 1, Unknown 5.

Thirty-nine deaths occurred in men belonging to the Mercantile marine and Foreign Navies, so that the total number of deaths amongst the resident Civil population of the Colony in 1903 is 229. This gives a death-rate for the resident Civil population of 24-2 as compared with one of 29-9 in 1902.

The causes of the 39 deaths in the Mercantile marine were as follows:-

Heart Disease,

Pueumonia,

Rupture of Liver,

Beri-beri,

Dysentery.

Shooting,..

Meningitis,

Phthisis,

Plague,

Apoplexy,

Drowning,

Fracture of Skull. Malaria, Hæmorrhage,

Peripheral Neuritis, Hepatic Abscess,. Cancer...

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Cholera,

Bronchitis,

Empyema, Unknown,

CONNN

232

222

Causes of Death in the 34 Deaths that occurred amongst the Troops (one case being Chinese does not appear amongst the Troops in the Registrar General's returns)

Enteric Fever,

Beri-beri..

Alcoholism,

....

Gun-shot Wound,

Heart Disease,...

Pneumonia,

Dysentery,

Phthisis,

Meningitis,

Opium Poisoning,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

}

Abscess of Liver,

Malarial Fevers,

Drowning,

.....

Gastritis,

Pyæmia,

Sarcoma,

Shock,

311

Causes of deaths registered as having occurred in Navy during 1903 :-

Acute Bronchitis,

Myelitis,

Apoplexy,

Pneumonia,

Intestinal Obstruction,

Fracture of Skull,

Injury to Chest,

Aneurysm,

Pernicous Anæmia,..

UNCERTIFIED DEATHS.

During the year, 569 deaths reported to the Registrar General's Department were referred for further particulars to this department, the reports of the deaths not being accompanied by a medical certificate.

Of these 569 deaths, 278 occurred in Victoria and 291 in Kowloon.

The following table shows the causes of death in these cases assigned to them either after removal to and examination at the Public Mortuary or on inspection of the body with a history of the case given by the relatives:-

Aneurysm,

Aortic Disease,

Asthma,

Beri-beri,..

Bronchitis,

Cancer.

•

Heart Disease,..

Childbirth,

132

Convulsions,

Colic,

Debility,

Diarrhoea,

Diphtheria,

Gangrene,

Fatty Degeneration of Heart,.

General Tuberculosis,

Hæmorrhage,

Hemiplegia,...

Malignant Endocarditis,

Marasmus,

Malaria,

Nephritis,

Old age, Peritonitis,

Phthisis,

•

Pericarditis,.

Placenta previa,.

Plague,

119

Pleurisy,

Pneumonia,

Post-partum Hæmorrhage,

Premature Birth,

Septicemia,.

Syncope,

•-1

Syphilis,

Tubercular Enteritis.

Tubercular Peritonitis,

Unknown (decomposed),

569

312-

INFANT MORTALITY.

The total number of deaths of infants under one year old was for the year 1903 1,069 as compared with 1,199 in 1902. The percentage of these deaths on the total deaths for the year was for 1903 17.2 as compared with 17-6 in 1902.

For the Chinese community alone the percentage of these deaths on the total Chinese deaths was 17.6 for 1903 as compared with 17.8 per cent. in 1902.

The infant death-rate amongst the Non Chinese community for 1903 was 108.7 per 1,000 as compared with 196·6 per 1,000 in 1902.

Amongst the Chinese, however the deaths under 1

year of age numbered 1,038, while the registered births amongst the Chinese numbered only 749. This figure may be corrected as has been the custom by adding to it the deaths of Chinese infants under one month under the assumption that these children have not had their births registered. Such a corrected figure would give 1,247 births.

As there have been 1,038 deaths of infants under one year this is equal to an infant death-rate of 832 per 1,000 as compared with a similarly estimated rate of 792 per 1,000 in 1902.

This exceedingly great infantile mortality-rate formed the subject of an Enquiry by a Committee appointed by His Excelleney the Governor in 1903.

or ideas of the Chinese community who in the Colony as well as in China proper register in their Ancestral Temples the births of males only and those not until they are at least one month old.

DEATHS FROM DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

The total number of deaths during the year from respiratory diseases was 1,397.

In 1902 the number was 1,640. In 1903 the number of deaths in this group of diseases amongst the British and Foreign community was 55 as compared with 58 in 1902.

For the Chinese community the figure for 1903 is 1,342 as compared with 1,582 in 1902.

The deaths from these diseases therefore form 22.8 per cent. of the total Chinese deaths as compared with 24-6 per cent. in 1902.

The death-rate for the Chinese community from these diseases for the year is is 4:37 per 1,000 as compared with 54 in 1902.

The difference in the rate between the floating and land populations (Chinese) is not so marked this year as last. The death-rate from these diseases for 1903 amongst the floating population was 4.63 per 1,000 as compared with 67 per 1,000 in 1902.

Amongst the land population the rate for 1903 was 4:32 per 1,000 as coin- pared with 5.2 per 1,000 in 1902.

The greater number of deaths in this group of diseases was from bronchitis, pneumonia and phthisis, namely, 1,367 out of a total of 1,397. Of these deaths 1,313 were amongt the Chinese. This gives a death-rate for these three diseases amongst the Chinese of 427 per 1,000.

The number of deaths from these diseases amongt the floating (Chinese) population was 216 which gives a death-rate of 4:57 per 1,000, while the corres- ponding figure amongst the Chinese land population was 4:22 per 1,000).

From phthisis alone the death-rate for 1903 was 1.94 per 1,000 for the whole Colony as compared with 2:37 in 1902. For the Chinese community the death-rate from phthisis alone was 199 per 1,000 as compared with 2:45 per 1,000 in 1902.

Amongst the Chinese the deaths from phthisis alone were 104 per cent. of the total Chinese deaths in 1903 as compared with 11·18 per cent. in 1902.

Of the deaths from all respiratory diseases in 1903 those from phthisis alone formed 45.52 per cent. as compared with 45 44 per cent. during 1902.

313

DEATHS FROM NERVOUS DISEASES.

The total number of deaths recorded in this group of diseases for the year 1903 is 590 as compared with 584 in 1902.

Amongst the British and Foreign community there were 27 deaths in this group for 1903 as against 20 in 1902.

Amongst the Chinese the figure for this year is 563 as against 564 in 1902. Of these 563 Chinese deaths 313 were of childeren under one month old or a percentage of 55 5 of the total Chinese deaths in this group. The corresponding figure for 1902 was 66.5 per cent.

The assigned causes of death in these cases were infantile convulsion, tetanus and trismus.

As in former years the Italian and French convent returns furnish the largest number of infant deaths from these diseases, the return for this year from these Institutions being 384 as compared with 442 in 1902. These Institutions take in large numbers of children left at their doors in a dying condition.

The high death-rate amongst children from these diseases has been reported on by a Committee to which I have referred under the heading Infantile Mortality. MALARIAL FEVERS.

The total number of deaths from malarial fevers during the year was 300 as compared with 425 in 1902. Amongst the Chinese alone the deaths from malarial affections was 283 as compared with 393 in 1902 and 541 in 1901. This gives a Chinese death-rate from malaria of 0.92 per 1,000 as compared with 1.3 per 1,000 in 1902. For the British and Foreign community including the Navy and Army the death-rate from malaria for 1903 was 0.91 per 1,000 as compared with 1·9 per 1,000 in 1902.

There have been 8 deaths from these causes recorded during the year amongst the troops as compared with 16 in 1902, and 9 amongst the Civil population as -compared with 16 in 1902.

It is very satisfactory to note this decline in the mortality from malaria which is doubtless due to the gradual training of the nullahs in the vicinity of the City and the better understanding by the people of the importance of preventing pools of water from collecting about their houses.

The Chinese flower gardens in the City have had special attention paid them during the year and all broken and useless pots and jars have been removed at intervals.

A great deal of work has been done in the matter of the training of nullahs in the Colony during the year.

From figures kindly supplied me by the Hon. Director of Public Works it is seen that during the year 12,270 feet of nullahs and channels have been trained. There is evidence that this training of nullahs has reduced the incidence. of malaria in the Western district of the City.

BERI-BERI.

There were 387 deaths registered from beri-beri during the year comprising 8 amongst the British and Foreign.community and 379 amongst the Chinese.

In 1902 there were 1 death in the British and Foreign and 452 in the Chinese -communities from this cause.

The following table shows how the deaths from this disease were distributed throughout the year —

January, February, March, April,

May, June, July, August. September,

....

.2 British and Foreign, 32 Chinese.

....0

.0 ...1

October,.

November...

December,

Total,...

379

311

It will be noticed that the least number of deaths from beri-beri is recorded. during the months when plague is most severe. Undoubtedly plague deaths mask many cases of beri-beri.

Various hypotheses have been put forward as to the cause of the disease, but as yet none of them have sufficient support to entitle them to be ranked as generally accepted theories.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

The total number of infectious diseases reported under the Infections Diseases Notification Ordinance during 1903 was 1,553.

Of these, 1,415 were cases of plague, 60 small-pox, 44 enteric fever, 9 diphtheria, 8 puerperal fever, 7 scarlet fever, and 10 cholera.

The following Table shows the distribution of these diseases except plague amongst the different races of the community and the periods of the year at which they occurred:-

Disease.

1st

2nd 3rd 4th Quarter. Quarter. Quarter. Quarter.

Total.

European,

Enteric Fever,...

Chinese,...

Other Asiatics,

European,

Small-pox,

Chinese...

Other Asiatics,

European,

Cholera......

Chinese,....

Other Asiatics,

European,

Diphtheria,

European,

Chinese,....

Scarlet Fever, ...

European,

Total.......

Puerperal Fever,

Chinese,...

Other Asiatics,

OHONOHNÓ☺☺☺c ☺

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138

PLAGUE.

I have separately reported on the 1993 Plague Epidemic for the first 7 months of the year.

This report included 1,363 cases, and details of the statistics will be

found in that report.

Since then there have been 52 further cases with 45 deaths, making a total of 1,415 cases with 1,251 deaths. The death-rate for the whole year for plague was therefore 88.4 which is the same as for the first 7 months of the year and the lowest death-rate for plague since 1894.

I append a table which shows the distribution of plague seizures and deaths according to nationality and locality and also the numbers of plague infected rats found in the different districts of the City of Victoria and Kowloon.

NATIONALITY.

Europeans,..

Chinese,

Cases.

Deaths.

Deaths. Cases.

| Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

COLONY OF HONGKONG.

PLAGUE RETURN FOR THE YEAR 1903.

LOCALITY

CITY OF VICTORIA HEALTH DISTRICTS.

KOWLOON.

TOTAL.

Shan-

HAR-

Quarry

ki- Stanley

BOUR.

Tsim-

Mong- Yau-

kok-

tsatsui. mati.

Tai-kok- Hung- Other

Bay.

Aber-

deen.

wan.

tsui.

hom.

Villages.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

5 110 1

8 113 106 21 20 17 17 46 44 18 13

76 69 207 195| 28 | 27 |119|101| 89 | 86 | 85 83 71 69 68 65190184 46 | 42 | 46 | 4214 8113106 21 20 17 17 46 44 18 13

حت

2 1 17

7334

1 1 3

715 14

Cases.

Deaths.

འཌ

1| 15 | 13 | 1,294 1,206

Indians,

Asiatic Portuguese,

Malays,

Japanese,..

Others,......

Totals,

ลง

1 1 2

2 2

1 21

4 1

1 1

...

1 1

17 46 41 19 14 8 8 15 14 5 1 16

81 69 224 205 31 28 149112 96 92 92 89 73 70 70 65 191 184 52 4472 44 21 10 116 108 21 20 17 17 46 44 19 14

Infected Rais,

162

287

72 344 365 459 392 558 268

118

Total cases from Jannary 1st, 1903, Total deaths

153

273

233

Europeans.

Chinese.

1,294

Other Asiatics.

Total.

1,415

1,206

1,231

116 13 1,415 1,251

3,742

315

316

TYPHOID FEVER.

The number of cases of typhoid fever reported during the year was 44 as compared with 55 in 1902. The distribution of these cases according to nationa- lity is shown in the above table of Infectious Diseases.

Sixteen European cases were imported, one Indian case and one Japanese case.

The nationalities of the cases given under the heading "Other Nationalities in the above-mentioned table were:-Chinese 6, Portuguese 2, Japanese 2, Indian 1.

Of the 33 European cases 7 died, giving a mortality of 212 per cent.

Of the 6 Chinese cases all died.

The others recovered.

Of the 26 non-imported cases 17 occurred during the first four months of the year and 9 only afterwards.

This is important when it is remembered that the City is invariably on a short water supply in the early part of the year before the advent of the rainy season warrants the turning on of a constant supply. During the shortage of water much is obtained from questionable sources.

There are so many possible ways by which the infective material may reach the person that it is extremely difficult if not impossible to say in most cases how they originated.

Possible and even probable sources of infection are manifest, e.g., one case occurred in a house having its own private water supply. The water was liable to contamination as it passed through a vegetable garden top dressed in the usual Chinese manner.

There was no evidence during the year to show that the public water supply was contaminated even peripherally but at the same time it is an undoubted fact that the intermittent supply in the dry season coupled with the system of ball valve hydrants is a latent danger.

SMALL-POX.

There were recorded during the year 60 cases of small-pox with 31 deaths. The cases comprised 53 Chinese, 4 Europeans, 1 American, 1 Indian, and 1 African.

The deaths were all amongst Chinese. Of these cases 19 were known to be imported leaving 41 local cases. The 4 European and 1 American cases were imported as also the Indian and African cases. Twelve Chinese cases were also imported. Of the local Chinese cases 23 were found in the streets, hillsides and foreshore. Consequently measures for disinfection and vaccination of contacts could not be undertaken. The number of vaccinations recorded is unfortunately less than in last year and in 1901, which showed totals of 6,475 and 5,937 vaccinations respectively. The following table shows the number of recorded vaccinations for 1903:-

VACCINATIONS IN 1903.

At the Government Civil Hospital,

Victoria Gaol, Alice Memorial Hospital,

453 2,887

321

1902.

By the Tung Wah Hospital:-

In Victoria,

Aberdeen, Stanley,

....

Shaukiwan,

Kowloon,

.1,591

Total,............5,348

CHOLERA.

Fortunately there was no retura during the year of the Cholera Epidemic of

317

Some few cases however did occur during the year, namely, 10.

These comprised 3 Europeans, 6 Chinese and 1 Japanese. There were 6 deaths-a mortality rate of 60 per cent.-2 amongst Europeans, 1 Japanese and 3 Chinese.

No case occurred in the Colony (as far as is known) between 12th December, 1902, and 30th April, 1903. During this period of the year the difficulty of obtaining water is greater amongst the Chinese, water being frequently collected from various questionable sources.

The 10 cases occurred from 30th April to 31st October inclusive.

The following table shows the distribution of the cases :--

cases.

Nationality.

.European,

Date.

April 30th,

May 2nd,.. June 10th,

June 15th,

June 16th, July 11th, July 18th,

.Chinese,

European, ..Chinese,

August 28th,.

September 25th,

October 31st,

..European, ......Chinese,

...Japauese,

Health District.

Harbour.

5 Harbour.

This table shows that little connection if any can be established between the

The only two cases close together both from the point of view of time and locality are the two in No. 9 Health District. It was however not possible to as- sign a common origin to the cases nor to decide whence the infection was acquired.

DIPHTHERIA.

Nine cases of diphtheria were reported during the year as compared with 20 cases in 1902 comprising 5 Europeans and 4 Chinese. The deaths-4-occur- red amongst the Chinese. One European case was imported.

All the cases occurred in the first half of the year. Of the 8 local cases the first 5 occurred from January 26th to March 19th inclusive, i.e., during the season of dry weather and scarcity of water.

The remaining 3 cases occurred from April 28th to June 3rd inclusive.

This is interesting, but the life history of the diphtheria bacillus outside the human body is so obscure that it is premature to state any definite opinion as to the reason why more cases occur in the dry weather than in the wet.

PUERPERAL FEVER.

There were 8 cases of puerperal fever reported during the year, comprising 1 Portuguese and 7 Chinese cases. The Portuguese case and 6 of the Chinese

cases died.

In addition to these, 21 deaths were recorded from affections connected with pregnancy and parturition.

There is no doubt that great ignorance prevails amongst the Chinese as to the proper care of women during and after labour. This matter has been repeatedly drawn attention to by the Medial Officer of Health and was also considered by the Committee of Enquiry into the Chinese Infant Mortality, to which I have referred

above.

During 1903 there has been built a new charitable hospital, namely, the Alice Memorial Maternity Hospital, and a qualified English Lady doctor has arrived from England to take charge of it. That the Institution will do much good is certain and it is further to be hope that some means may be found of training Chinese midwives who could attend, at their own houses, Chinese women who cannot or will not come to a hospital.

318

SCARLET FEVER.

There were 7 cases of this disease reported by the Military authorities comprising 5 children and 2 adults, all European. No deaths occurred. The fact that this disease confined itself to the military element suggests the probability of the infection having been imported by the families of soldiers lately arrived in the Colony.

INTERMENTS.

The following is a list of burials during the year 1903 in the Cemeteries of the Colony:

Non-Chinese-Colonial Cemetery,

Roman Catholic Cemetery,

134 1,027

Mahommedan

Jewish

Parsee

Total,.......

1,219

Chinese-Mount Caroline Cemetery,

173

Mount Davis

314

Tung Wah Hospital

1,707

Infectious Diseases

Protestant

Shaukiwan

Aberdeen

Stanley Shek-O

Kennedy Town................. Cheung Sha Wan ...

1,179

259

113

•

་་

Ma-tau Wai

362

Total.......

4.206

Grand Total,....

5,425

There have been also 16 cremations during the

year.

THE DISINFECTING STATION.

A new and more efficient steam disinfector was erected at the Disinfecting Station in the early part of 1903.

The old machine will be erected at the new Disinfecting Station about to be erected at Kowloon. It is to be hoped that the new Station will be erected as soon as possible as it is urgently needed.

The following is a list of the number of articles passed though the Steam Disinfector during 1903.

Articles from private houses in Victoria,

82,516

Kowloon,

7,415

Kennedy Town Hospital,

Tung Wah Hospital,

3,585

100

Government Civil Hospital,.

1,879

Station Hospital and Barracks,

1,126

Victoria Gaol,

1,147

Government clothing used by contacts and disinfected afterwards, 16,000 Clothing and bedding of Disinfecting Staff, .

16.112

Total,..

129,880

The apparatus was in use on 310 days during the year and for 16 hours

daily during the prevalence of the plague epidemic.

the

319

PROSECUTIONS.

The following is a list of prosecutions instituted under the authority of the Sanitary Board during year 1903:

Offence.

Summonses.

Convic- tions.

Penalties.

Remarks.

Attempting to bribe officers,

Breaches of Bye-laws:-

Bakehouses,

359

Cattle & Swine,

Dairies,

Latrines & Privies,...

239

Matsheds,

395

Offensive Trades,

Public Laundries,

1 Dismissed.

Verandahs,

Damaging grave,

Dirty premises,

260

258

996

Failing to cleanse and limewash,

450

433

2,299

3 Weeks hard labour.

1 Absconded, 1 withdrawn.

8 Dismissed, 9 withdrawn.

to fill rat

runs,.

260

1 Withdrawn.

to provide backyards,

447

2 Withdrawn.

to repair kitchens,

to repair or concrete surfaces,..

292

6 Dismissed, 8 withdrawn.

Illegal cubicles,

364

cockloft,

185

1 Withdrawn.

Insufficient window area,

Nuisances on Crown Land,

private premises,

public streets,

Sleeping on cocklofts,

Obstructing backyards,..

windows,

Occupation of basement,

Overcrowding Common Lodging Houses,

Opium Divans,

Tenement houses,

Removing infected articles,

in common kitchens,

1 Dismissed.

1 Absconded, 1 withdrawn.

infected premises,.

186

2 Absconded, 3 withdrawn.

316

7 Absconded, 3 withdrawn.

Unregistered Common Lodging Houses,

Total,............ 1,258

1,202

$ 7,032

STAFF.

At the beginning of the year the special Plague Staff was sanctioned and at once formed. Inspectors L. E. BRETT, F. FISHER, W. H. WOOLLEY, J. REIDIE and F. ALLEN were appointed special Plague Inspectors under this scheme and Inspector W. FINCHER was appointed Acting Plague Inspector in charge of the work at Kowloon.

As the work increased with the increasing number of cases of plague per week the staff was augmented by temporarily engaged men.

The best of these temporarily engaged men were as vacancies occurred in the ordinary staff transferred to this staff.

Some of the temporary Plague Inspectors were so unsatisfactory that it was thought better not to engage such men in the future but to increase the number of Foremen continuously on the Plague Staff so that they could be better trained by and be under the control of the Plague Inspectors.

Dr. CLARK, Medical Officer of Health, went on leave to England in March and Dr. BARNETT, Assistant Medical Officer of Health, arrived from England in April. Dr. MACFACLANE, Assistant Medical Officer of Health, arrived from England in September and has been appointed Assistant Medical Officer of Health at Kowloon.

320

Inspector ALLEN went on leave in August, and Inspector FISHER returned from leave in March. Inspector MACMICHAEL died. Inspector MACEWEN was transferred from the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon's Department, where he was Inspector of Markets, to be Inspector of Nuisances, and Inspector C. W. BRETT took Inspector MACEWEN's former post.

The following Inspectors joined the service in 1903 :-

S. M. GIDLEY,

S. KELLY,

F. BROWN,

F. JONES,

F. AMY.

THOMAS WHITE,

Formerly temporary Inspectors

on the Plague Staff.

M. W. CLEVELAND, Since left the Service.

A. D. J. MCCARTHY,

The following is a list of the Staff of Inspectors in the service of the Board at the close of 1903-

Senior Inspectors.

M. GRICE.

A. CARTER.

J. A. LYON.

P. T. LAMBLE.

T. P. CONOLLY.

Plague (1st Class) Inspectors.

L. E. BRETT.

F. FISHER.

W. H. WOLLEY.

J. REIDIE.

F. ALLEN.

W. FINCHER (2nd Class), Acting.

First Class Inspector in Charge of the Disinfecting Station.

H. J. W. GIDLEY.

Temporary Assistant Inspector at the Disinfecting Station.

R. C. WITCHELL.

District Inspectors.

H. J. KNIGHT.

G. HOGGARTH (Prosecuting Inspector.)

E. ROGERS.

R. G. MCEWEN.

S. M. GIDLEY.

MCKENZIE (Prosecuting Inspector.)

A. BROWN.

P. O'DONNELL.

D. O'KEEFFE.

C. H. J. Ross.

J. R. LEE.

S. KELLY.

J. BROWN.

F. O. AMY.

F. JONES.

}

321

THE YAU-MA-TI PUBLIC MORTUARY.

This Mortuary was built in 1902, but was not used until this year, when on May 22nd there was begun here the post-mortem examination of bodies from this side of the harbour.

The work was at first carried on by Dr. KEYT of the Medical Department and latterly by Dr. MACFARLANE, Assistant Medical Officer of Health at Kowloon.

Appended is the report from Dr. MACFARLANE on the number of post- mortems performed in the Mortuary during the year.

I have, &c.,

Appendix I.

WILFRID WM. PEARSE,

Acting Medical Officer of Health.

SANITARY BOARD BRANCH OFFICE, KOWLOON, April 8th, 1904.

Sir, I have the honour to submit for your information the Report of the Public Mortuary, Kowloon, for the period from May 22nd (the date of its commencement) to December 31st, 1903.

During that period, 300 bodies have been examined-by Dr. KEYT from May 22nd to October 7th, and by myself for the remainder of the time.

The causes of death were returned as below.

The Secretary, SANITARY BOARD.

I have, &c.,

HAROLD MACFARLANE,

Medical Officer in charge of Mortuary, Kowloon.

Name of Disease.

(i.) Notifiable Diseases

Plague Septic,

Small-pox,

Bubonic,

Pneumonic,

Enteric Fever, ...........

Diphtheria,

BOTH SEXES.

107.

Total Cases.

Under 1 year.

1-5

years.

5-15 years.

15-25 years.

25-65 years..

102

ہے

CASES DIVIDED ACCORDING TO SEX.

MALE.

FEMALE.

1-5

Under

1 year. years. years. years.

5-15 | 15-25

25-65. Total.

Under 1-5 5-15 15-25 1 year. years. years. years.

65 and

25-65.

Total.

upwards.

1.7

...

Puerperal septicemia,

(ii.) Respiratory Diseases = 49.

Empyema,

Pleurisy,

Bronchitis,

Broncho-pneumonia,

Lobar pneumonia,

Septic pneumonia,

:76

...

1 unknown age.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Congestion of Lungs,. Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Miliary Tuberculosis,

...

(iii.) Urinary System

Acute Nephritis,

Sub-acute Nephritis,

Chronic Nephritis,

112

NHH

...

(ir.) Circulatory System =14.

Heart, Valvular Disease of,

Fatty Degeneration of,

30 00

00:00

...

Pericarditis,

Endocarditis,

...

Aortic Aneurysm,

...

Carried forward,

174

108

...

unknown

age.

...

-K

...

***

:::

...

322

Name of Disease.

BOTH SEXES.

Total

Cases.

Under 1 year.

1-5 years.

5-15 years.

15-25 years.

25-65 years.

Brought forward,

174

(v.) Alimentary System

24.

Diarrhoea,

Enteritis,..

Peritonitis,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Abscess of Liver,

Gastritis,

(vi.) Reproductive System

Abortion-Hoemorrhage following,. Post Partum Hæmorrhage,

Placenta Prævia,

Syncope following Childbirth,

(vii.) Various Causes

Drowing,

97.

CASES DIVIDED ACCORDING TO SEX.

MALE.

FEMALE.

Under

1-5 5-15 15-25 25-65

Total.

1 year. years. years. years. years.

Under 1-5 5-15 15-25 25-65 56 and 1 year. years. years. years. years. upwards.

Total.

6 20 55

108

31 78

...

•

...

Concussion of Brain,

Starvation,

Gangrene of Leg,

...

Gangrene of Foot,

...

Shock,

Stillborn,

Cancer,

...

Malaria,

Beriberi,

Too decomposed,

Dropsy,

...

: ܗ:

4 unknown cases

...

37 3

...

3~~

...

1310-

...

•

...

(decom-posed.)

:9::

...

ia:

...

---

...

Total,.

300

111

4.4

24.

181

115

323

324

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

1.-General Diseases.

A-Specific Febrile Diseases.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN

COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

a Zymotic.

Small-pox,

Measles,

Whooping Cough,

Diphtheria,

2 1 2

•

Fever Typho-malarial,

Typhoid, (Enteric),.

Simple Continued,

Cholera,

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Diarrhoea,

14 6

Dysentery,

1 2

Bubonic Fever, (Plague),

52 162

16 110 64

800

9 12

7 1

98 129 196

Influenza,

Total,...... 68

63 193 41 134 73 66

93 118 159 209 16

B Malarial.

Fever Intermittent,

1 1 3

Remittent,.

(Undefined,

29 Malarial,

Beri-beri,

Malarial Cachexia,

Ague,

:: 0 ::

...

9 30 12 25

15 6 10

18 1

...

Total,...... 16

34 66

26 47 35 35 32

::28:3

•

15 19 8

1 6

29 21 39 24 14 13 3 39

...

46 22 16 4 46

y Septic.

Pyæmia,

Septicemia,

Erysipelas,

Puerperal Fever,

Puerperal Eclampsia,

Total,...... 4

: : :

No co

...

3 3 1

...

4 1 2

8 Venereal.

•

Syphilis (Acquired),

(Congenital),.

Total,..... 2

Total Group, A................. 90

B.-Diseases dependent on Specific

External Agents.

a Poisons.

Alcoholic Poisoning,

Poisoning,..

Opium Poisoning,

Poisoning by Carbolic Acid,

...

Total,...... 1

Carried forward, Group A.,...... 90

Group B........

* CO

14 7

99 276

4 1

3 4 1

75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232 34

1 1

***

99 276 75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232

888-

...

: cr

5 85

GRAND

TOTAL.

| Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

60 years

and over.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Age

Unknown.

325

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT The DifferenT AGE PERIODS.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

montbs.

under ō

years.

1 year and

years and under 15

years.

15 years and under 25

years.

25 years and under 45

years.

45 years and under 60

years.

under 12

Non-Chinese. 1 month and.

Non-Chinese.

Under 1

Chinese.

month.

Kow- SHAUKI ABER-

STANLEY

LOON DIS-

WÁN DIS-

DEEN

DIS-

TRICT.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

: 10:

• 10

22:42

· 00

5 1 164

ཙ:

•

144

21 26

2 95

8116 2198 11252 15441

19 2 52 3174 3223 19266 29516 13160

I 39 9 25

23 123

207

3 18

3 49

1,249

...

4 76...

1,584

9 1 10...

4...

65 4 29

4 82 3223

152...

...

10 1

...

2 8

1 39 1 60

...

9124 7310

5 99

•

207

26 38 15 18 2

28:

:..

116 6 38

•

...

331

に

...

331

22:3

...

CIT

N∞

...

学

204

387

687

19...

•••

...

2 3 J 14 1

...

- 3 ∞

...

4288 30395 37849 20 266

5 97

2,346

...

1 16...

19 5 77

4221

...

9 4

...

•

...

1...

21...

4288 30395 37849 20266|

20:0

1...

་་་

5 77 4221

2223

15:

:::

12 10 pound

2,346

326

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

BRITISH

- AND

FOREIGN

COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

Nc. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

Brought forward, Group A..... 90

Group B.,...

ཟལ

General Diseases,—Continued.

B.-Effects of Injuries.

Concussion of Brain,

Rupture of Uterus,

of Femoral Artery,

of Spleen.

Sun Stroke,

Rupture of Kidny,

of Mesenteric Vessels,

of Lung,

of Liver,

99 276

75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232 34 5 85

1 1

ལྔ:

མྨེ་

Obstruction of Bowel,

Shooting,

Hanging,

Wound of Heart, Multiple Injuries,

Retro Peritoneal Hemorrhage,

Abdominal Injuries,

Scalds,

Dislocation of Neck,

Strangulated Hernia,

Strangulation,

Strangulation of Bowel,

Injuries,

Injury to Chest,

Haemorrhage,

Puncture Wound of Lungs,

Fracture of Skull,

of Leg,

of Pelvis,

Suffocation,

Stab of Heart,

Cut-throat,

Suicide by Hanging,

by Shooting,

Burns,

Compression of Spinal Cord,

Injury to Spinal Cord,

Drowning,

Shock, following Injury,

Shock,

Starvation,

Heat Apoplexy,

...

8 8 16

11 4 3

1 2

Total,.......

4 3

4 13 1 14

γ Errors of Diet.

(Acute),

Alcoholism (Chronic),..

Malnutrition,

Rupture of Stomach from Overfeeding,...

Total,....

Total Group B......

26 6 3

C.-Developmental Diseases.

Imperforate Anus,

Carried forward, (Developmental Diseases),

Carried forward, Groups A., B.

༥

3 2

14 1 18

со

8 9 16 11

116 21 3 103 290

76 204 117 110 139 198 221 237

37 5 102

...

358

ར

...

: :

...

تت

...

•

...

•

...

ان

•

...

5 81

4230)

•

心

...

1 ľ

•

رین

COI

...

Kow-

LOON

WÁN SHÁCKI-

ABER-

STANLEY

DEEN

DIS-

Dis-

DIS-

TRICT.

-327

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31sT DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

331

バン

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

under 12

Non-Chinese.

Under 1

Chinese.

month.

Non-Chinese. 1 month and

19 5

4221

心

❤

3 22 19 70)

1 16

4 24 23 73

2 17

...

: :

...

•

...

6296 34419 60922 22 283

7102

2 35

2,530

по

184

3 15

164

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

months.

1 year and

under 5

years.

5 years and under 15

years.

15 years and

under 25

years.

25 years and under 45

years.

45 years and under 60

years.

4288 30395 37849, 20266]

20 21

ལ:

心

•

co or == 00 10 00

FRN TO COM

- 2 2 00 - 1

60 years

and over.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Age

Unknown

5 97

2,346 9

GRAND

TOTAL.

328

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

....116

$ | Civil.

Brought forward, (Groups A & B),

General Diseases,-Continued.

C-Developmental Diseases,-Contd.

Tabes Mesenterica,

Atelectasis,

Brought forward,..

Immaturity at Birth,

Debility,

Old Age,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Anencephalus,

Inanition,

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

3 103 290

76 204 117 110 139 198 221 1237

37 5 102

30 2

200 86

6 5

11 222

7 1

Total Group C., 11

D.-Miscellaneous Diseases.

Rheumatic Fever,

Articular Rheumatism,

Sarcoma of Orbit,

Sarcoma,

Scrofula,

General Tuberculosis,

2 108

Rickets,

Anemia,

Leprosy,

Rheumatism,

Hæmophilia,...

Cancer of Oesophagus,

Cancer of Uterus,

Cancer,

Total Group D., 12

3 109

14 5

7 14

II.-Local Diseases.

E-The Nervous System,

Meningitis,

૧૭

Tubercular Meningitis,

Abscess of Brain,

Apoplexy,

Paralysis (Undefined),

Paralysis (Spinal),

Hemiplegia,

Paraplegia,

Infantile Convulsious,.

Tetanus (Traumatic),

Trismus,

(Idiopathic),

Internal Dydrocephalus,

Epilepsy,

Mania,

Acute Peripheral Neuritis,

Eucephalitis,

Myeloplegia,

Total Group E.,.... 25

F―The Circulatory System.

1 88 9

1234 9

405

13 4 4 5 19 11

4 12 2 12 7

✪

Aneurysm,

Carried forward, (The Circulatory System),

Carried forward, (Groups A to E),

14 2

12 2

13 8

12 6

164 23 5 118 1.026248 311 138 126 163 254 263 249 38 6 123

Heart Disease,

હ

心

479

67 130

21:

3 5

心心

181

心

نت

•

~ --

1274

co:

→

3813

6 73114 3 14

ما

30 *H

12 3 11 459 12381

8568 11 355 39444 70973 27 318

...

744

12.

Kow- SHAUKI- ABER-

LOON DIS-

WÁN Dis-

DEEN

STANLEY DIS-

DIS-

TRICT.

329

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,-Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE Periods.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Non-Chinese.

358

18 8

00:

تزم

Chinese.

Under 1

month.

Non-Chinese.

1 month and

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

| Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

under 12

months.

1 year and under 5

years.

under 15

5 years and

years.

5 81

4230

1106

8120... 210 ... 113

1 11

1110

1 191 1111 134 4 12

517

1 20

5 21 314 3

2 45

3 27

......

8 47

2 45 3 27

12359

4696

151

590

147

...

3 11

145

288

[

: :

,- ༦=༤༦w

心

230

...

Non-Chinese.

15 years and under 25

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

! Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

years.

25 years and under 45

years.

45 years and

under CO

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

and over. 60 years

Non-Chinese.

心!

Chinese.

Age

Unknown.

6296 34419 60922 22283]

71021

2 35 2,530

121 2242

204

Լ.

ន

1217

•

ск

218

427

746

GRAND

TOTAL.

330

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

Brought forward. (Groups A to E),

Local Diseases.—Continued.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

Civi!.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Penk.

Harbour.

164

28 5118 1,026 248 311 138 126 163 254 263 249 38 6 123

F.—The Circulatory System,—Contd.

Brought forward,. 14

4 12 12 12

Pericarditis,

Endocarditis,

Aortic Disease,

Fatty Degeneration of Heart,

Heart Failure,

Anemia, Syncope,

Syncope,

Total Group F........ 16 2

8 15

4 15 7

9| 11 || ...

G.-The Respiratory System.

Bronchitis,

Pneumonia,

Phthisis,

20. 46 16

Pleurisy,

426:

10 67 9 18 15

7 52 12 28 22 17

33 21

56 61

18 25

三

908:

Empyema,

Asthma, Afelectasis,

Atelectasis,

Asthma,

Collapse of Lungs,

Congestion of Lungs,

Emphysema,

Acute Bullous Emphysema,

Gangrene of Lung,

Total Group G,....

48. 5

37 169

93 70 46 60

88 116 10

Noma,

H.--The Digestive System.

Gastritis,

Enteritis,

Appendicitis,

Peritonitis,

Sprue,

Hernia,

Intestinal Obstruction,

Hepatitis,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Abscess of Liver,

Jaundice,

Necrosis and Jaw Abscess,

Intussusception,

Icterus Neonatorum,

Carcinoma Ventriculi,

Tubercular Diarrhea,

Strangulation of Intestine,

Carcinoma of Gall Bladder, Strangulated Hernia,

Catarrhal Jaundice,...............

Coecal Abscess,

*..

Tubercular Enteritis,

Cancer of Liver,

Tonsillitis.

Hepatic Abscess,.

Abscess of Stomach,

Total Group H.................... 22

3 1 2 9

Carried forward, (Groups A to H),...... 250

33 9 165 1,219|297 423 217 |182 233 365 394 298

6 221

•

४

•

5 4

754 149 206

333

: N

331

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PEriods.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Kow-

NOOT

SHÁUKI- ABER-

WÁN

STANLEY

DEEN

DIS-

Dis-

TRICT.

DIS-

TRICT.

Under 1

month.

1 month and

under 12

months.

1 year and under 5

years.

under 15

years.

5 years and

15 yearsand under 25

years.

25 years and under 45

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese..

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

and over. 60 years

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Age

45 years and

under 60

years.

Unknown.

479 67

130 55

...

28 2

心

...

1 X

...

Οι

...

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

ракописов

3 118

...

2 N

GRAND

TOTAL.

11 459 12381 $568 11355 39444 70973 27318 12359

2 27

4,096

...

1449 43 2110

00.00

847 2 45

3 27

151

2 11

8 53 3 50

་་་

178

1 20

00 10

19 9

1 96

3126

436

3 121 9 67

4 41

2 14

297

8306

3144 377

634

...

心

4110 3162

1 65 12 95 18414||

7258

8212

1,397

•

...

yard

preval

ات

113

5 10 21

་

13 479 18 508 12747 13430|| 57 555 106 1,461 43635 25610 556

102

5,773

LINNTINN -

→ -∞ 10 00 00

332

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA.

CAUSES.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Brought forward. (Groups A to H.)...250

Local Diseases,-Continued.

333333

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

9 165 1,219 297 423 217 182 233 365 394 298 82 6 221

No. 1.

J.--The Urinary System.

Nephritis (Acute),

فر

Bright's Disease,

Tumour of Kidney,

Stricture of Urethra,

Calculus,

Vesical Calculus,.......

Total Group J., ................ 11

L.-Affections connected with Pregnancy.

Placenta Prævia,

Total Group L.,

...

M.-Affections connected with

Parturition.

Obstructive Labour,

Post Partum Hemorrhage,.

...

Milk Fever,

Child-birth,

Total Group M.,................ 1

N-The Skin.

Pemphigus,

Phlegmon,

Ulcer,

Total Group N........

0.—Diseases of Organs of Locomotion.

Gangrene of Leg,

Total Group O.,

...

: _:

...

:::

...

62 22

6 5

10 6 8 13 2

Total Group III.,.......

22 96 57 10 6 8 14 2 1 44

TOTAL, ALL CAUSES,...... 268 33

9 228 1,245312 437 226 191 244 377 406 312 87

7 266

III.-Undefined.

Dropsy,

Tumour,

Abscess,

Tumour of Brain,.

Gangrene,.

Undiagnosed,

110

874 162 217

LOON Kow-

WÁN SHÁUKI-

ABER-

STANLEY

DEEN

DIS-

Dis-

TRICT.

333

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

754 149 206

92 92

53 27

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

•

:..

: ::

...

Jurnal

ลง

:..

:::

غم

ลง

•

: :

...

•••

Saved

...

•

...

►

...

•

०

1 62

314

3 68

2 16...

117

335

...

13 499 18540 12850 13 478 59 599 113 1,553 48 661 28 622 6 73

6,185

- NN OI

patal

...

Population.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Under 1

month.

1 month and

under 12

months.

1 year and

under 5

years.

•

Non-Chinesc.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

5 years and under 15

years.

15 years and under 25

years.

25 years and under 45

years,

45 years and under 60

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

60 years and over.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Age

Unknown.

13 479 18 508 12747 13430 57 555106 1,461 43635 25610

...

***

...

4 10

...

හ

...

556

5,773

GRAND

TOTAL.

CAUSES.

334

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

BRITISH

AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY,

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

.'........

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

SUMMARY.

I.-General Diseases.

A.-Specific Febrile Diseases,

B.-Diseases dependent on Specific Ex-

A, 90

99 276 75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232 34

ternal Agents,

4 14

18 8

8 9

16 11

(A to B),.....16 21

3 103 290

76 204 117 110 139 198 221 237 37

5 102

C.-Developmental Diseases,.....

11 222 90 80 12

12 23 24

(A to C),...... 127 21

512 166 284 129 118 151 221 245 244 38

5 116

D.-Miscellaneous Diseases,.

D. 12: 1

3 109 28

5 4

14 7 4

II.-Local Diseases..

1 405 54 13

४ 15 4 15 7 10

6 126 1.041 252 326 145 136 171 269 276 258 49

10 00

8 15

0 10

ગ

6 135

4 2

37 169 37 93 70 46 60 88 116

2 9

1 4

8~~

0000 10

40 32

2 ♡

218

E-The Nervous System, F. The Circulatory System,

E, 25

W 16

(A to F),......180 | 25

G, 48 H, 22 ..J, 11

10 00

Preg-

...L,

nancy,

rition,

G.-The Respiratory System, H.-The Digestive System,. J.-The Urinary System, L.-Affections connected with

M.-Affections connected with Partu-

السمر

...

(A to M), .262 33 9166 1,224 301430 221 184 234 370 398 298

.0,

0.-Diseases of the Organs of Locomo-

N.-The Skin,.

tion,.....

III.-Undefined & Undiagnosed,.....III,

TOTAL, ALL CAUSES,..... 268 33

6 222

7 10

1 44

7 266

9 228 1,246 312 437 226 191 244 377 406 312

335

DURING THE YEAR THE ENDED THE 31sT DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,-

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

•

SHACKI- ABER- STANLEY

Kow-

LOON DIS-

TRICT.

WAN

DIS-

TRICT.

DEEN DIS-

DIS-

TRICT.

Land

Population.

Under 1

Population.

Land

Non-Chinese. Population.

Population.

Boat

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

month.

1 month

and under

12 months.

1 year and

-Continued.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

under 5

under 15

years.

under 25

y.ars.

under 45

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

years.

Non-Chinese. 5 years and

Chinese.

Non-Chinese. 15 years and

Chinese.

Non-Chinese. 25 years and

Chinese.

Non-Chinese. 45 years and

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

under 60

years.

60 years

and over.

Age

Unknown.

GRAND

TOTAL.

331

358

261 37

452

2318

26 37 9 4

32 22 21 18

221

3 8120 210

[113]

1 11

5 77

42211

4288 30395 37:849 20,266] 597

8 4 24 23 73 2 17 2 5

5 81 4230 6296 34419 60922 22283) 7102

184

60922

2 35 (2,530)

13... 12

2242

746

29 2,346

65 117 48 58

27 12

8142 5291 4343 7307 34423 60935 22295 9344 245 (3,276)

4 1 19

1 34

4 12 5 17 2 9

230

3 14

10 00

314 3 6 53 350

4 32

590 178

8572 11360] 41455 78 1,026 30 368 16391

3. 48 (4,274)

3162 113

165 12 95 18 414

7258 8212 510 21 6 9 4 4 10 3 9 3

8 1,397

102

131

12:

281

3313 1

6 71

1 2

3114 4

507 69 132

621 33

3 11 460 13383

220 75

361

30 20

3 1 18

4110

1 1

1 15

•

...

ลง

762 152 209| 97 94 54 27

110

874 162 217 162

6, 13479 18508 12749 18439 59 565 110 1,483 46645 28615 5 56 (5,843)

96 55 30

29 100

32 3 68 2 16

1 17

335

28622 673 6,185

1,553 48 661 28622

6 13499 18540 12850 13478 59 5991131,553 48661 28622 6 13499 18

2622

The Government Civil Hospitals.

Tung Wa Hospital-Continued.

- 336

RETURN OF DEATHS THAT OCCURRED IN THE UNDERMENTIONED INSTITUTIONS. During the Year ended 31st December, 1903.

The Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals.-

(Continued.)

Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

Plague, Typhoid,

Cholera,

Diphtheria,.

Dysentery,

Brought forward, 701

Brought forward,

Bright's Disease,

Heart Disease,

Asthma,

Hæmophilia,

Tetanus,

Convulsions,

Measles,

Bright's Disease,

Tetanus,

Hemiplegia,

Phthisis,.

Tuberculosis,

Malignant Endocarditis,

Compression of Spinal Caord,.

Total,

Undiagnosed,

Septicæmia,

Liver Abscess.

Erysipelas,

The Italian Convent.

Wounds,.

Pericarditis,

•

Fracture of Skull,

Peritonitis,

Causes.

No.

Injuries.

Fatty Degeneration of Heart, .

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Bright's Disease,

Fracture of Skull,

Acute Yellow Atrophy,

Tuberculosis,

Heart Disease,

Injury to Spinal Caord,

NAN

Convulsions,

Concussion of Brain...........

Diarrhoea,

Pneumonia,

Plague,

129

Meningitis,

Malaria,

Rheumatism,

Pneumonia,.

Endocarditis,

Puncture Wound of Lungs,

Trismus,

Rupture of Spleeu,

Emphysena..

Paralysis.

Anæmia,

Hemiplegia,

Syphilis,

Paralysis,

Acute Ballons Emphysema,...

Tuberculosis.

Meningitis,

Scalds,

Pemphigus,

Beri-beri,

Burn,

Dropsy,

Peritonitis,

Malarial Cachexia,

Phthisis,

Cerebral Homarriage,

Convulsions,

Enteritis,

Broncho Pneumonia,

Meningitis,

Icterus Neonatorum,

Marasmus,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Tetanus,

Septicæmia,

Fracture of Pelvis,

Bronchitis,

Opium Poisoning,

Puerperal Fever,

Catarrhal Jaundice,

Diarrhoea,

Rupture of Mesenteric Vessels,

Bright's Disease,

Acute Peripheral Neuritis,

Paraplegia,

Cancrum Oris,

Puerperal Eclampsia,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Pemphigus,

Alcoholism,

Tonsillitis,

Inanition,

Enteritis,

Vesical Calenlus,

Rupture of Urethra,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Mania,........

Malignant Disease,

Bronchitis,

Strangulated Hernia,.

Ch. Interstitial Nephritis.

10 21

Epilepsy,.

Liver Abscess,

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Gangrene of Lung,

Rupture of Spleen,

Total........ 177

L'Asile De La Ste. Enfance.

Total

917

Causes.

No.

Diarrhoea,

Purpura Hæmorrhagica,

Tubercular Diarhœa,.

Empyema,

Fracture of Thigh (compound),.

Causes.

Necrosis of Jaw,

Typhoid Fever,

Debility,...

Beri-beri,

Premature Birth,

Rheumatism,

Spinal Meningitis,.

Phthisis,

Dementia,

Carbuncle,

Erysipelas,

Traumatic Tetanus,

Pleurisy,

Nephritis,

Convulsions,

Total,

158

Vesical Calculus Haemorrhage,

Beri-beri,

Gangrene of Leg,

Bronchitis,

Stricture of Urethra,

Meningitis,

The Tung Wa Hospital.

Vesical Calculus (Nephritis)..

Malarial Fever,

Canses.

No.

Injury of Perineum (Tetanus),

}

Epilepsy,

Pneumonia,

Seald,

Plagne,

Phthisis,

224

Compound Fracture of Leg

Heart Disease,

Bronchitis,

Shock,....

Syphilis,

Heart Disease,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Trismus,

Diphtheria,

Sarcoma of Orbit,

Splenic Fracture,

Diarrhoea,

Tuberculosis,

Icterus Neonatorum,

Dysentery,

Ovarian Tumour,

Dysentery,

Malarial Fever,

Pneumonia,....

Old Age,

Beri-beri,

162

Cancer of Esophagus,

Myeloplegia,

Apoplexy,

Cancer of Uterus,

Shock,

Syphilis,

Dysentery,

Septicemia,

Concussion of Brain,

Malarial Fever,

Phthisis,

Debility,...

Imperforate Anus,.

Cancer of Liver,

Carried forward, 701

Carried forward, 38

Carried forward, 784

Marasmus and Atrophy,

174

The Alice Memorial and

Nethersole Hospitals.

Tuberculosis,

Noma,

Concussion,

No.

Tetanus,

272

I'nenmonia,

Bright's Disease,

Small-pox,

Syncope,.

Inanition,

HONGKONG.

A GENERAL REPORT ON THE SURVEY OF THE NEW TERRITORY FROM NOVEMBER, 1899, TO APRIL, 1904.

No. 1904

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

TRAVERSE SURVEY.

1. The strength of the Traverse section at the beginning of operations consisted of 3 Surveyors with 2 Indian coolies each. The chaining squads were made up of Chinese coolies who proved most unsatisfactory; the training of these men was a hopeless task as they were constantly deserting or going away and leaving sub- stitutes. Want of experience on the part of these chainmen led to constant revision of their work, but in spite of the delays I was fortunately able to keep the traverse work ahead of the cadastral section. This was a serious question at that time, as the Cadastral Surveyors were being paid at contract rates, and their earnings depended on the regular supply of skeleton plots, the results of the traverse work.

During the first season, from November, 1899, to June, 1900, the following Districts and Sub-Districts were traversed :----

a. The whole of New Kowloon.

6. The whole of Unlong District with the exception of Tai Lam Chung

Sub-District.

c. The whole of Sheung U District with the exception of Hap Wo Sub-

District.

de The Luk Yuck District.

e. Sub-Districts Wo Hang, Ha Po and Liu Ma Hang of the Sha Tau Kok

District.

The theodolite was set up at 2,383 new Stations and the total amount of chaining was 27,480.85 chains or 343.51 linear miles, while the angular work was checked by the results of 18 astrononomical observations for azimuth. The Cadastral Surveyors experienced great difficulty in finding the traverse stations which were marked with wooden pickets; the children from the villages being the principal offenders in uprooting them. It was not till the close of the season that steps were taken to permanently mark some of the stations; it was then decided to mark only the trijunction, with adjoining stations of traverse blocks, 575 clay cylinders were accordingly embedded. In June, 1900, one Tra- verse Surveyor resigned and one was dismissed; only one man remained, but before the beginning of the next field season we were fortunate in obtaining the services of another man from the Siam Survey Department

In consequence of the trouble we had experienced with Chinese coolies in season 1899-1900, it was thought advisable to procure 30 trained survey coolies from India; these men arrived in November, 1900.

2. In November, 1900, I made Tai Po my headquarters and started the new field season with 2 Traverse Surveyors, their chaining squads consisting of trained Indian coolies.

The work was very difficult and tedious owing to the extremely hilly nature of the country, and progress was rather slow as angles of elevation and depression had to be taken at almost every Station, in order to reduce all measurements to the horizontal.

Of the 4,114 new Stations at which the theodolite was set up, 2,277, being in cultivated tracts, were marked with clay cylinders; the remaining 1,837 Stations, which were on the hillsides away from cultivation and of no use whatever to the Detail Surveyor, were marked with wooden pegs.

398

The total chaining amounted to 32,854.52 chains or 410.68 linear miles, and the angular work was checked by 27 azimuths.

The following Districts and Sub-Districts fell within the area traversed :—

a. Sub-Districts Luk Keng, Kuk Po, Nam Yeuk and Hing Chun of the

Sha Tau Kok District.

b. Sub-Districts Kau Yeuk, Luk Yeuk and Hap Wo of the Kau Lung

District.

c. The whole of the Tung Hoi District.

d. Portions of Lan Tao Island near Tung Chung and Mui Wo.

e. All the cultivated islands in Mirs Bays.

3. One Traverse Surveyor was sent back to India in June, 1901, and by the end of 1902 the remaining man had finished the rest of the Territory.

He was employed in office for a couple of months and returned to India in March, 1903.

In 1902, 2,431 new Stations were put down, of which 1,860 were marked with clay cylinders. The chaining amounted to 27,133.10 chains or 339.16 linear miles, and 6 azimuths were observed.

The cultivated area of New Kowloon, comprising Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9, which have been resurveyed or a larger scale, was retraversed as all the old traverse stations, originally marked with wooden pegs, had been destroyed by the villagers.

Four Demarcation Districts near Sha Tau Kok were also retraversed as a resurvey was necessary on a larger scale.

A traverse survey was also made of the cultivated area of old Kowloon, viz., that portion lying between the old boundary fence to the north and Yau Ma Ti and Hung Hom to the south.

4. The following Statement gives traverse figures for the whole Territory:-

Stations

Stations marked with marked with

Cylinders.

Total Number

of Traverse Stations in Wooden Pegs. New Territory.

Chains.

Links.

Linear Miles.

Azimu- ths.

4,712

4,216

8,928

87,468

1,093.35 51

5. Five-inch theodolites of the EVEREST pattern were work; and for the measurements of all distances we used lengths, one being the ordinary GUNTER'S chain of 100 links other a GUNTER'S chain minus 7 links.

used for the angular 2 chains of

unequal 22 yards, and the

====

The results obtained from these independent measurements were compared on the spot by means of a conversion table, and in cases of discrepancy, the distances were immediately rechained.

To ensure the accuracy of all chaining, each Surveyor's squad, in addition to the ordinary working chains, was supplied with 2 standard chains. All chains before being made over to the Surveyors, were tested on the standard laid down at the Headquarter camp, by means of the steel standard tape, and the spare chains were sent in once a fortnight to be tested on the standard. The Surveyors had orders to test their working chains daily in the field againt their spare standard chains.

6. The traverses were connected with the Stations of the Trigonometrical Survey wherever possible, but only the following connections were utilised for the comparison of the direct distances by the Trigonometrical Survey and the Traverse Survey-Kowloon City Station, White Head Station, Sha Tau Kok Station and Tung Chung Station on Lan Tao Island.

こ

399

The origin of the survey is the intersection of 22° 30′ 00′′ N. Latitude with 114° 00′ 00′′ E. Longitude.

In order to check the chaining the traverses on the mainland were connected with the Trigonometrical Stations at Kowloon City, White Head and Sha Tau Kok. A main traverse was laid starting from Kowloon City and ending at Sha Tau Kok Station.

The course taken was as follows:-From Kowloon City Station along the Chinese road over the Customs' Pass to Sai Kung, then over the Gap to Ki Ling Ha at the head of Three-Fathom Cove. From Ki Ling Ha along the west coast of Three-Fathom Cove to White Head Station where a connection was made. From White Head along the east coast of Tide Cove to Sha Tin, then across to Tai Wai and along the new road to Tai Po.

From Tai Po along the northern coast of Tolo Harbour to Chung Mi at the head of Plover Cove; then on to Sa Ma viâ U Kau Tin and Min Tin. From Sa Ma through Lai Chi Wo and Yung Shu Au along the coast of Starling Inlet to Sha Tau Kok Station, which is near the village of Sha Tau Kok.

Between Kowloon City Station and White Head the correction applied to the traverses in office was, where the Northing was plus .27 links per 100 chains, Southing no correction, where the Easting was plus 6.52 links per 100 chains and where the Westing was minus 6.03 links per 100 chains. Between White Head and Sha Tau Kok Station the correction was, where the Northing was minus 4.16 links per 100 chains, where the Southing was plus 2.92 links per 100 chains, where the Easting was plus 11.37 links per 100 chains, and where the Westing was minus 10.94 links per 100 chains.

The average correction applied to the angular work on the Main Traverse between Kowloon City and Sha Tau Kok was plus 1 minute in every 93 angles and minus 1 minute in every 62 angles. Considering the nature of the country these results are very satisfactory. The traverse polygons have been set up and proved, the bearings and traverses worked out and the coordinates run down. The coordinates of the main traverse from Kowloon City to Sha Tau Kok Station, as well as those of the main traverse on Lan Tao Island, refer to the origin of the survey. I have prepared an Index Map on the 2-inch scale showing all the traverse stations laid down. I should suggest that steps be taken to preserve some of these stations, otherwise the existing traverse data will prove useless should -occasion arise for extending the surveys.

CADASTRAL SURVEY.

The cadastral survey staff commenced operations at the end of November, 1899, and consisted of 2 Inspectors and 16 Surveyors with one Indian and three Chinese coolies each.

New Kowloon, from Lai Chi Kok to Lyemoon, was first surveyed and in January, 1900, the men moved over to the Un Long District where traversing, was being carried on in advance.

The 16-inch to the mile scale was adopted and the Surveyors were paid at

contract rates.

By the end of the season the following Districts and Sub-Districts were surveyed:-

(a.) New Kowloon.

(b.) Sub-Districts Lung Ku Tau, Tun Mun, Ha Tsun, Pingshan, Shap

Pat Heung, Kam Tin and Pat Heung of the Un Long District. (e.) Sub-Districts San Tin, Hau Yeuk, Fan Ling, Sheong Shiu and a

portion of Lung Yeuk Tau of the Sheung U District.

(4.) The Luk Yeuk District.

(e.) Sub-Districts Wo Hang, Liu Ma Hang and Ha l'o of the Sha Tau

Kok District.

•

400

The total area surveyed amounted to 35,257.77 acres comprising 226,588 fields. These figures, which refer to the whole area of cultivated valleys, including streams, waste land and hillocks surrounded by cultivation, are rather misleading when compared with the total area given in the statement on page 7, which deals with demarcated and claimed land only. The field season closed in July, 1900, and up to November, 1900, the men were employed in office in inking up the maps and estimating the areas.

During those four months a survey, on the scale of 64 inches to the mile, was made of Kowloon City and its surroundings. The demarcation of New Kowloon, comprising Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9, was carried out under the Land Court and surveys on the 32-inch scale were made of the Islands of Mah Wan, Peng Chau and Cheung Chau.

2. In November, 1900, I made Tai Po my headquarters and started the new field season.

The staff was increased by 6 Surveyors from India, but these new arrivals were not successes; four of them were old men, well over 50, and quite unfit for hard work. We were further handicapped as one Inspector died, 2 Surveyors had to be invalided and one dismissed for incompetence.

As the cultivation in the hilly Districts remaining to be surveyed, consisted of small terraced fields running up hillsides and narrow valleys, the average size of field was so small that it was found impossible to represent such minute detail on the 16-inch scale with any degree of utility; the Government therefore decided to increase the scale to 32 inches to the mile.

It was also decided to carry on the Demarcation and Survey operations together, so the contract system of payment had to be abandoned and the Surveyors were placed on salāries.

These changes considerably reduced the outturn of work for the season, which amounted to 11,087.35 acres and 174,677 fields.

The following Districts and Sub-Districts were surveyed

(a.) Sub-Districts Luk Keng, Nam Yeuk and Hing Chun of the Sha

Tau Kok District.

(b.) Sub-Districts Shun Wan, Tsoi Hang, Lam Tsun, Hap Wo and a

portion of Lung Yeuk Tau of the Sheung U District.

(c.) A portion of Sub-District Kau Yeuk of the Kau Lung District. (d.) A portion of Sub-District Cheung Muk Tau of the Tung Hoi

Districts.

(e.) The Islands of Peng Chau, Kat O and Double Island in Mirs Bay. (f) Portions of Lan Tao Island near Tung Chung and Mui Wo.

In August, 1901, the demarcation of the 16-inch surveys of the previous sea- son was started. Ten Surveyors were told off to do it and they completed the work early in 1902. They were supplied with traces of the maps on which they marked the various holdings as pointed out by the tenants; the Chinese demarcators enter- ing the record of owner's names, etc. The area thus dealt with was 35,257.77 acres with 226,588 fields comprising 100,972 holdings.

In July, 1901, four incompetent Surveyors were dismissed and, as the staff was insufficient, an Inspector was sent to India to recruit more men. He returned to the Colony in November, 1901, bringing one new Inspector, 28 Surveyors and 48 trained Indian coolies.

3. With this addition to staff the field season 1901-1902 was commenced in

November and by June the following Districts and Sub-Districts were surveyed :—

(a.) Remainder of Sub-District Kau Yeuk of the Kau Lung Districts. (b.) Sub-District Luk Yeuk of the Kau Lung District.

(c.) The whole of the Tung Hoi District.

(d.) Sub-District Tai Lam Chung of the Un Long District.

(e.) The greater part of Sub-District Tsun Wan of the Kau Lung District.

401

(f.) The whole of Lan Tao Island with the exception of portions previous-

ly surveyed near Tung Chung and Mui Wo.

(g.) And the following cultivated Islands :-Tsing I, Chik Lap Kok, Ni Ku Chau, Tap Mun, Pak Lap Chau, Kau Sai and Im Tin Tsz.

The area dealt with amounted to 11,715.81 acres comprising 219,292 fields. Considering the increase in the staff, the results on paper do not compare favour- ably with the previous year's outturn; the reason being that only the most hilly Districts of the Territory, which remained to be surveyed, were dealt with.

4. In June, 1902, I made Hongkong my headquarters and in the same month reduced the staff by one Inspector, 12 Surveyors and 43 Indian coolies. Two Surveyors were also dismissed for bad work. After a month's rest the new field season 1902-03 was started and the following staff took the field on 17th July One Inspector, 27 Surveyors, 37 Indian and about 55 Chinese coolies.

Early in May, 1903, the surveys were completed, and one Inspector, 20 Sur- veyors and 30 Indian coolies were sent back to India.

The following Districts and Sub-Districts were surveyed :—

(a.) The remaining portion of Sub-District Tsun Wan of the Kau Lung

District.

(6.) The Islands of Lamma and Pu Toi.

(c.) Four small patches of isolated hillside cultivation which had been

overlooked in the Tung Hoi Districts.

(d.) The resurvey on a larger scale (32") of 4 Demarcation Districts

of the Sha Tau Kok District.

(e.) The resurvey on a larger scale (32") of New Kowloon, compris-

ing Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9.

(f.) A 32-inch scale survey was also made of the cultivated area of Old Kowloon extending from the old boundary fence southwards to Yau Ma Ti and Hung Hom.

The area dealt with amounted to 2,653.65 acres comprising 28,245 holdings.

5. The accuracy of the survey is assured not only by check lines carried out during the survey stage by experienced Inspectors, but more particularly so, by the independent check lines carried out while the maps are locked up in office. The original maps and field books of check lines were inspected and passed by me.

The total amount of check gives an average of 8.32 linear miles of test survey to each square mile of detail survey.

6. When the resurvey, on a larger scale, of districts 1, 2, 3 and 4 of New Kow- loon had been completed, I found that the areas of claims, as derived from the two surveys, would not in most cases agree. I now understand that the Public Works Department is experiencing some difficulty in allotting land to the various claim- ants of holdings in these Districts as the new 32-inch maps are being utilised in pegging out the granted claims, while the Land Court judgments are based on the areas extracted from the original 16-inch maps.

I submitted the following Memorandum to the Honourable Director of Public Works and to the President, Land Court, explaining these differences in the areas of No. 4 District. The same reasons apply to Districts 1, 2 and 3 of New Kowloon:-

"(a.) No. 4 District was originally surveyed on the 16-inch scale in January, 1900, and, after an interval of nearly 31 years, a resurvey was made on the 32-inch scale. In this interval a great many changes had taken place. Many new houses and boat-sheds had been erected along the foreshore between Sham Shui Po and Lai Chi Kok. The greater mass of the cultivation remained the same, except in the case of vegetable gardens and land on the outskirts. Here, besides the addition of new cultivation, the existing fields had altered considerably. Consequently the areas of claims as derived from the two surveys will not in all cases agree.

402

(b.) The large claims of No. 4 District consist for the greater part of fore- shore and patches of broken uncultivated land. The boundaries of these claims in the original survey were so vaguely given, that they could not be pointed out again exactly for the resurvey, even by the claimants themselves. Hence a margin of difference must always be allowed, even where the face of the ground has not undergone alteration. Where it has undergone such alteration, this margin, apart from the alteration, must be even greater. (c.) The areas of all foreshore claims, as surveyed on the new maps, differ from the areas originally submitted, owing to the fact that one boundary is usually given as high water mark, the delineation of which is left entirely to the discretion of the Surveyor.

d.) The larger scale of the second survey allows more detail to be shown; hence a margin of difference must be allowed in the smaller cultivated lots even where the boundaries are unchanged. (e.) I might add that in all big Cadastral Surveys, it is found impossible to make a resurvey tally exactly with the original, even if done on the same scale. The results of the system, which is the only practicable one for large settlement operations, must not be com- pared with an architect's plan of a building; and the differences between two surveys when put in figure form in the area column, lot for lot, though they seem alarming to the non-professional eye, have regularly to be discounted as absolutely unavoidable."

DISTRICT.

The Mainland including the following Islands :-Kato, Double Island, Tap Mun, Pak Lap Chau, Kau Sai, Im Tiu Tsz and Tsing I Island,

Lan Tao,.

Statement giving Cadastral Survey Figures for the New Territory including Islands.

Number

of De-

marcation

Districts.

Number

of Maps on 16" Scale.

Number

of Maps on 32" Scale.

Total

Number of

Maps

surveyed.

Number of

Acres

surveyed on 16' Scale.

Number of

Acres

surveyed on 32" Scale.

Total Number

of Acres

surveyed.

Number of

Holdings

REMARKS.

...

demarcated.

Includes 5 maps of Kowloon City surveyed on the

64-inch scale.

388

365

450

24,214.64 13,309.39

37,524.03

281,352

...

2,659.96

37,147

(hip Lap Kok Island,

...

24.87

396

Ni Ku Chau,

...

16.75

426

Peng Chau (near Lan Tao),

...

28.92

239

Cheung Chau,

113.90

619

•

...

Mah Wan,

52.26

218

...

Lamma,

Pu Toi,

155.09

4,693

...

Peng Chau (in Mirs Bay),

6 2

33.51

128.66

33.51

1,140

128.66

...

2,409

TOTAL,

477

471 556 | 24,214 64 | 16,523.31 | 40,737.95

328,639

In addition to the above there are 6 Maps of old Kowloon (not demarcated) on the 32" Scale, and one Map of Lan Tao coast lines on 32" Scale, not demarcated owing to no cultivation. Total number of Maps=563.

403

404

MISCELLANEOUS.

1. Early in 1902 a regular office staff was established. Six Surveyors were called in from the field to assist, 5 Draftsmen and Estimators were recruited from India and one Draftsman engaged locally. The maps were inked up as they came in from the Surveyors and the areas were estimated; the area of each holding was extracted twice independently by two separate men and the means passed by a third. The areas of each District were then totalled, the references entered and the area statements passed on to the Land Court. An office copy of the area statements of each District was kept and they will be given over with the original

maps.

2. Two Chinese tracers were engaged in November, 1902, and one in February, 1903, to assist in preparing traces of Demarcation Districts, in order to supply the Land Court with sun prints; 555 traces were completed. 337 traces of a larger size, of the whole of the New Territory, were also prepared.

3. Two index maps have been prepared; one, on the scale of 2 inches to the mile,' showing all the Demarcation Districts: and the other on the 1 inch scale showing how the larger traces fit.

4. Throughout the whole period the health of the establishment was bad, and the men were constantly being sent in to Hospital. One Inspector, one Surveyor and 5 Indian coolies died, and 6 Surveyors and 9 Indian coolies were invalided; 4 out of the 6 Surveyors died on the way home.

5. In September, 1903. I commenced work on the new general map of the New Territory, prepared on the scale of 2 inches to the mile.

The Map at present consists of eleven standard sheets, but this number can be reduced by the publishers.

The Trigonometrical and some of the Traverse Stations were plotted and by means of the Pantagraph all the Cadastral Surveys were reduced.

I am greatly indebted to Major A. S. KING, R.E., Officer in charge of Military Surveys, for the loan of the Military topographical maps of a portion of the New Territory, recently prepared on the scale of 8 inches to the mile.

These surveys

were reduced by me to the 2-inch scale and the contours now shown represent 100 feet levels. The contouring of the remainder of the New Territory outside the Military Surveys, has been sketched in chiefly with the aid of Mr. TATE's 1 inch

map.

My thanks are also due to Captain E. C. HARDY, R.N., H.M.S. Waterwitch, for the loan of his surveys of the coast line of Tolo Harbour, Tide Cove and Plover Cove.

The coast line of Mirs Bay, from Mirs Point to Sai Kung, has been taken from the Naval Chart.

The coast line of Deep Bay, from the mouth of the Sham Chun River to Tsun Wan, and the coast line of Lan Tao and adjacent islands, has been taken from Mr. TATE'S 1 inch map.

HONGKONG, 11th May, 1904.

W. J. NEWLAND.

•

HONGKONG.

No. 14

REPORT OF THE ACTING DIRECTOR OF THE OBSERVATORY, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

HONGKONG OBSERVATORY,

26th January, 1904.

SIR,-In the absence of the Director on leave, I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of this Department to His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government. The nineteenth volume of Observations was published last summer and the twentieth volume is now being printed. It contains the usual astronomical, meteorological and magnetic observations.

2. Twenty years' meteorological observations (1884 to 1903 inclusive) have now been recorded at the Observatory and the calculation of the mean values of the meteorological elements for this period is nearly completed.

3. The comparison of weather forecasts, issued daily about 11 a.m., with the weather subsequently experienced, has been conducted on the same system as here- tofore (compare Annual Report for 1896 § 5). The results are as follows:-

Success 58 per cent., partial success 34 per cent., partial failure 7 per cent., failure 1 per cent.

Following the method used in meteorological offices and taking the sum of total and partial success as a measure of success, and the sum of total and partial failure as a measure of failure, it follows that:-92 per cent. of the weather fore- casts were successful in 1903.

4. The China Coast Meteorological Register was printed every morning at the Observatory, and information regarding storms was telegraphed to Hongkong and exhibited on notice boards as often and as fully as such information could be justi- fied by the weather telegrams received. This happened on 80 days in 1903. The Red Drum was hoisted 8 times, the Red South Cone 3 times, the Black Drum 4 times, the Black South Cone 3 times, the Black North Cone once, and the Black Ball twice. Two lanterns were hoisted once, and the Typhoon Gun fired once. Printed Bulletins for general distribution were issued on 4 occasions. About 60 copies of the China Coast Meteorological Register are delivered free daily to ship- ping firms and others.

5. During last year it was decided to arrange the Hongkong (Drum, Cone, Ball) signals so as to indicate the bearing of typhoons to 4 instead of 8 points. At the request of the Hongkong General Chamber of Commerce the Government also decided to adopt the Shanghai Flag system of signalling meteorological inform- ation. A mast for this purpose has been erected on Blackhead's Hill, Kowloon Point, and the changes indicated above came into force on 1st January of the current year.

6. The thanks of the Government are due to the Telegraph Companies who continue to forward the meteorological telegrams to Hongkong free of charge, and also to the staffs of the Eastern Extension and Australasian Telegraph Company at Sharp Peak, Iloilo, Bacolod and Cebu, who make and transmit observations twice daily.

7. Telegraphic connection with Victoria was interrupted as follows:--January 5th, 10.30 a. to 1.25 p.; 25th, 12.10 p. to 2.15 p.; February 28th, 7 a. to March 2nd 11.30 a.; April 7th 6.2 p. to 8th 10.45 a.; 8th 11.40 a. to 3.55 p.; 18th 2 p. to 19th 11.25 a.; 29th 10.15 a. to 30th 9.50 a.; 30th 11.55 a. to May 2nd 1 p.; 9th 12 p. to 11th 2.15 p.; 13th 10.30 a. to 16th 3 p.; 25th 4 p. to 10 p.; June 17th 9 a. to 1.50 p.; July 22nd 11.42 a. to 4 p.; August 8th 2 a. to 3.30 p.; 13th 12.5 p. to 15th 12.15 p.; October 18th 7 a. to 12.35 p.; 23rd 6 p. to 24th 9.30 a. Interruptions occurred therefore on 34 days, and also, of course, during thunder-

storms.

1904

102

8. During 1903 in addition to meteorological registers kept at about 40 stations on shore, 1,450 ship logs have been forwarded by the captains. The total number of vessels, whose log-books have been made use of, was 186. The total number of days' observations (counting separately those made on board different ships on the same day) was 9,428.

9. The following is a list of ships, from which logs have been obtained in 1903. When not otherwise distinguished the vessels are steamships:-Abessinia, Ajax, Aki Maru, Albany (U.S.S.), Albion (H.M.S.), Alcinous, Alesia, Algerine (Ĥ.M S.), Amara, Anamba, Arabia, Ariake Maru, Arratoon Apcar, Australian, Ayr, Ballaarat, Banca, Benalder, Bengloe, Binh Chuan, Bombay Maru, Borneo, Brisgavia, Britomart (H.M.S.), Brunhilde, Calédonien, Candia, Canton, Capri, Carl Diederichsen, Catherine Apcar, Ceylon, Changsha, Chelydra, Chingwo, Chowtai, Chunsang, Cincinnati (U.S.S.), Clara Jebsen, Clavering, Coptic, Coromandel, Dagmar, Décidée (French Gunboat), Dunbar, Eastern, Empire, Empress of China, Empress of India, Empress of Japan, Esang, Europa (H.M.S.), Fausang, Ferdinand Laeisz, Formosa, Freiburg, Fungshun, Gaelic, Glenfalloch, Glengarry, Glengyle, Glenturret, Gregory Apcar, Haiching, Hailan, Hailoong, Haimun, Haitan, Hangchow, Hangsang, Hikosan Maru, Hinsang, Hitachi Maru, Holstein, Hong Bee, Hongkong Maru, Hongmoh, Hong Wan I, Hopsang, Hounslow, Hunan, I de la Rama, Idzumi Maru, Independent, Indramayo, Indrasamha, Indravelli, Ischia, Iyo Maru, Japan, Java, Kachidate Maru, Kagoshima Maru, Kaifong, Kamakura Maru, Kanagawa Maru, Karin, Kasuga Maru, Keongwai, Kiautschou, Kiushiu Maru, Korea, Kumano Maru, Kumsang, Kutsang, König Albert, Königsberg, Lena, Leviathan (H.M.S.), Lombardia (Italian Cruiser), Loongmoon, Loongsang, Loosok, Marburg, Marie Rickmers, Marquis Bacquehem, Massilia, Mausang, Mazagon, Mercedes (H. M. Transport), Mongkut, M. Struve, Namsang, Nanchang, Nippon Maru, Nürnberg, Oceana, Olympia, Omba, Onsang, Orono, Pakhoi, Persia, Phra Chula Chom Klao, Phoenix (H.M.S.), Preussen, Prima, Prinzess Irene, Progress, Prometheus, Pronto, Rohilla Maru, Rajaburi, Roon, Rose (barque), Rosetta Maru, Rubi, Sabine Rickmers, Sambia, Sandakan, Sanuki Maru, Segovia, Sejrstad, Selun, Shanghai, Shantung, Shinano Maru, Siam, Siberia, Simla, Sirius (H.M.S.), Sishan, Sithonia, Suevia, Suisang, Sullberg, Tacoma, Taichiow, Taisang, Taishan, Taksang, Tamba Maru, Thales, Tientsin, Tjepanas, Tosa Maru, Tsurugisan Maru, Tydeus, Tyr, Valetta, Vengeance (H.M.S.), Wakasa Maru, Wuchang, Yuensang, Zafiro, Ziethen.

10. The entry of observations made at sea in degree squares for the area between 9° South and 45° North Latitude, and between the Longitude of Singapore and 180° East of Greenwich for the construction of trustworthy pilot charts, has been continued by Miss DOBERCK and 266,848 in all have now been entered.

Table I.

Meteorological Observations entered in 10° Squares from 1893–1903 inclusive.

Square Number.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar. April. May. June.

July.

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

Dec.

239 305

104

103

155

218

535 409

464

439 379

330

694 579

441

538

657

479

335

259

212

200

232 209

279

259

227

520

378

3210

2838

3386

3450

3683

3716

3876

4143

3869

3880

3390

3225

108

147

165

161

82 110

114

102

114

168

131

331 375 352

221

315

290

450

347

202

264

281

262

3692 3162 3741

3488 4143

4288

4505

4530

4385

4179

4153

3729

1974

1929

2183

2127

2278

2344

2183

2214

2238

2137

2041

2006

107

114

151

102

126

114

142

100

102

ང་

101

160

127

112

100

106

141

103

Table I.—Continued.

Square Number.

Jan.

Feb. Mar.

April. May. June. July.

July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

Dec.

2186

1993

2064

2025

2359- 2325 2408* 2304 2073 2248

2129

2056

950 945

1109

970

1000

1110

1072

1070

1083

1130

1162

1051

306

291

324

377

385

417

419

401

395

399

351

127

190

159

126

134

169

142

157

175

134

133

128

206

115

173

146

130

174

198

204

188

223

166

168

129

245

132

236

219

163

230

220

237

230

240

243

216

130

634

475

616

543

663

673

765

730

555

662

717

599

131

585

510

550

591

624

673

765

888

553

575

601

510

132

1807

1679

2212

2574

2926

2955

3271

3009

2713

2736

2631

1899

133

126

110

159

181

182

130

128

159

130

163

186

180

201

267

249

292

286

323

251

264

252

174

164

310

226

311

383

340

464

416

466

420

383

353

246

165

353

246

310 |

349

433

466

471

194

448

372

402

287

166

124

108

120

147

155

168

143

186

163

128

106

167

127

162

165

103

168

169

170

199

200

201

202

203

318

319

∙10

320

321

322

101

323

470

271

361

243

249

208

328

253

261

272

316

337

324

440

346

230

145

100

117

179

184

310

100

191

392

325

377

317 362

448

463

518

608

672

727

546

419

365

326

20778 18475 20872

20830 22506

23280

25081

24790 22816 23983 23139

20298

11. As stated in the "Instructions for making Meteorological Observations etc.", meteorological instruments forwarded by Observers who regularly send their registers to the Observatory are verified here free of cost. During the past year 1 barometer and 2 thermometers were verified. In addition, several hundred barometers and aneroids on board ship were compared with our standard. One azimuth compass was also verified.

12. Professors SHINJO, OTANI and YAYAYAMA, of the Imperial Japanese Geo- detic Commission, who were on a tour for the purpose of determining the constant of gravity and the magnetic elements at various places in the Far East, spent a fortnight at the Observatory in the spring, the magnetic hut being placed at their disposal for their work in Hongkong.

13. In 1903 the number of transits observed was 1,067. The axis of the transit instrument was levelled 217 times, and the azimuth and collimation errors, which are less liable to variation, were determined 10 times by aid of the meridiau mark. The whole of the observations have been made and reduced by Mr. J. I. PLUMMER, and are now ready for the press.

14. The standard sidereal clock by Dent continues to give complete satisfaction. It was cleaned and the rate altered on December 10. The platinum points of the contact springs have been twice cleaned, viz., on April 6 and November 18. The going of the Brock mean time clock continues to be very unsatisfactory. It was oiled anew on January 27, and several attempts have been made to bring its rate within reasonable limits, but have proved unsuccessful. The time-ball clock and the chronograph are both in good working order.

15. The errors of the time-ball are given below in Table II. The ball is not dropped on Sundays nor Government holidays. There was no failure in 1903. On six occasions the ball could not be hoisted, viz., on February 18 when repairs were being effected to the building, on July 14 owing to a thunderstorm, on July

104

18 when the line was in contact with the telephone line between the Observatory and the time-ball tower, on September 1 when the relay acting badly there was no discharge current, on September 7 when the repairs to the relay having been im- properly effected there was an opposing in place of a locking current, and on October 27 on the near approach of a typhoon. The ball was dropped successfully 296 times in 1903. The probable error was in January ± 03. 14, in February± 0.10, in March± 0.15, in April ± 0.14, in May ± 0.20, in June ± 0.13, in July ± 0.09, in August 0.09, in September± 0.14, in October ± 0.09, in November ± 0.12, and in December ±0.09.

Table II.

Errors of Time-Ball in 1903.

means too late.

+ means too early.

Date. Jan. Feb. March. April. | May.

June. July. August. Sept. October. Nov.

Dec.

123

+0.2

+0.3

0.1

+0.5

+0.2

0.1

+0.4

0.1

+0.3

-0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.5

0.1

2922-

0.1

-0.2

0.1 +0.6

0.1

0.1 +0.2

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.3

0.1

0.1.

0.1

+0.2

0.1

+0.3

0.1

+0.2

+ 0.2

0.1

+0.4

0.1

...

0.1

...

+0.6

0.1

-0.4

0.1

+0.4

0.1

-0.2

0.1

-0.2

0.1

+0.2

0.1

1383338 : 182838

1888 1888888 1883333

اگرام

0.1

-0.2

...

0.1

+0.3

0.1

22222: 222222: 22222

0.1

0.1 +0.5

0.1

...

0.1

-0.2

+0.3

0.1

+0.6

+0.2

0.1

+0.3

0.1

+0.4

0.1

0.1 +0.6

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.2

0.1

+0.2

0.1

+1.1

0.1

+0.3

0.1

0.1 +1.5

0.1

-0.2

+0.4

0.1

+0.2

0.1

+0.2

0.1

+0.6

0.1

+0.2

0.1

+0.2

0.1

+0.4

0.1

16. The cisterns of the barograph and standard barometers are placed 109 feet above M.S.L. The bulbs of the thermometers are rotated 108 feet above M.S.L., and 4 feet above the grass. The solar radiation thermometer is placed at the same height. The rim of the rain-gauge is 105 feet above M.S.L., and 21 inches above the ground.

17. The monthly Weather Reports are arranged as follows :--

Table I. exhibits the hourly readings of the barometer reduced to freezing point of water, but not to sea level nor for gravity, as measured (at two minutes to the hour named) from the barograms.

Tables II. and III. exhibit the temperature of the air and of evaporation as determined by aid of rotating thermometers. Table II. exhibits also the extreme temperatures reduced to rotating thermometer by comparisons of thermometers hung beside them. Table III. exhibits also the solar radiation (black bulb in vacuo) maximum temper- atures reduced to Kew arbitrary standard.

105

Table IV. exhibits the mean relative humidity in percentage of saturation and mean tension of water vapour present in the air in inches of mercury, for every hour of the day and for every day of the month, calculated by aid of BLANFORD's tables from the data in Tables II. and III.

Table V. exhibits the duration of sunshine expressed in hours, from half

an hour before to half an hour after the hour (true time) named. Table VI. exhibits the amount of rain (or dew) in inches registered from half an hour before to half an hour after the hour named. It ex- hibits also the observed duration of rain.

Table VII. exhibits the velocity of the wind in miles and its direction in points (1-32). The velocity is measured from half an hour before to half an hour after the hour named, but the direction is read off at the hour.

Table VIII. exhibits the amount (0-10), name (HOWARD's classification),

and direction whence coming of the clouds.

Where the names of upper and lower clouds are given, but only one direction, this refers to the lower clouds. With regard to the names of clouds; nimbus (nim) is entered only when the rain is seen to fall; when no rain is seen to fall cumulo-nimbus (cum-nim) is entered. This name indi- cates clouds intermediate between cum and nim. Cumulo-stratus (cum-str) is the well-known thunder cloud, while strato-cumulus (str-cum) signifies a cloud intermediate between stratus and cum. Sm-cum means alto-cumulus.

Table IX. exhibits for every hour in the day, the mean velocity of the wind reduced to 4 as well as 2 directions, according to strictly accurate formulæ, and also the mean direction of the wind.

Below this is printed a list of the phenomena observed.

18. The following annual Weather Report for 1903 is arranged as follows:--- Table III. exhibits the mean values for the year (or hourly excess above this) obtained from the monthly reports. The total duration of rain was 773 hours. There fell at least 0.01 inch of rain on 135 days. Table IV. exhibits the number of hours during a portion of which at least

0.005 inch of rain (or dew) was registered.

Table V. exhibits the number of days with wind from eight different points of the compass. The figures are obtained from the mean daily directions in Table VII. of the monthly reports. Days with wind from a point equidistant from two directions given, are counted half to one of these and half to the other, e.g., half of the days when the wind was NNE are counted as N, and the other half as NE. Table VI. exhibits the number of days on which certain meteorological phenomena were registered, and also the total number of thunder- storms noted in the neighbourhood during the past year.

Table VII. shows the frequency of clouds of different classes.

Table VIII. is arranged as last year.

Table IX. exhibits the monthly and annual extremes.

Table X. contains five-day means.

19. The observations of magnetic declination and horizontal force published in Tables XI. and XII. were made with magnet No. 55 on Kew pattern unifilar magnetometer ELLIOT BROTHERS No. 55. The dips were observed with dip-circle Dover No. 71.

The methods adopted in making observations and in determining and applying the corrections are explained in Appendix G of Observations and Researches made in 1885-"On the verification of the unifilar magnetometer ELLIOT BROTHERS No. 55." The value of log π 2K determined during the year, was 3.44914 at 25°. The value of l' was 6.10. The mean value of the magnetic moment of the vibrat- ing needle was 574.91.

106

The times of vibration exhibited in Table XII. are each derived from 12 ob- servations of the time occupied by the magnet in making 100 vibrations, corrections having been applied for rate of chronometer and arc of vibration.

The observations of horizontal force given in Table XIII., are expressed in C.G.S. units. The vertical and total forces have been computed by aid of the observed dips.

The Honourable A. M. THOMSON,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

&c.,

I have, &c.,

&c.,

&c.

F. G. FIGG,

Acting Director.

I a.

Table III.

Mean Values and Hourly Excess above the mean of Meteorological Elements in 1903.

4 a.

5 a.

6a.

7 a.

Sa.

9 a.

10a.

11 a.

Noon.

1 p.

2 p.

3 p.

4 p.

5. p.

6 p.

7 p.

sp.

9 p.

10 p.

11 p.

Midt.

Mean or

Total.

2 a.

Pressure,

Temperature,..

+.00.3

1.4

-.007

1.6

-.016 -019 —.014 1.8 1.9

-.001

2.1

2.0

1.5

—

.015 +.030 +.041 +.043 +.035 +.015 −.007 0.6 +0.3 +1.3 + 2.0 + 2.5

+ 2.5

-.028.040 044-040 -.030 + 2.4 + 2.2 + 1.8 + 1.1 +0.4

-.015 +.002 +.015 +.023 +.022 +.014 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6

29.863

1.0

1.2

71.5

Diurnal Range,.

8.5

...

Humidity,

5 +

5 + 4

Vapour Tension,

+.003 +.005 4.001

-.002 .007 -.010

-.008

.009

Sunshine (Total)

1.1

36.4

113.7

Rainfall (Total).

4.060

3.040

4.475

3.590

6.810

5.235

4.260

Hours of Rain (Total),

Intensity of Rain,

0.127

0.074

0.136

0.094

0.139

0.119

Wind-Velocity,

1.2

1.6

1.3

Wind-Direction,

३०

3°

Cloudiness,

2 -,000 .008 -.006 -.005 148.5 177.9 191.0 197.9 3.830 2.830 3.380 5.245 5.185

8.900

29 36

36 41 46 40 27 0.144

0.096 0.114 0.105

0.118 0.217 0.117 0.8 + 0.3 + 1.3 + 1.5 +2.7 + 2.4 + 2.6 5° 1o + 20 + 3o + 6°

0 + 1 +

2 +

3 +

+ 4

-.005

..004

-.001

.002

.002 +.002 +.005 +.010 +.011 +.013

.011

+.009

0.636

197.6 197.4

189.3

171.3

71.0

13.1

1706.2

2.035

2.970

2.925

4.970

2 680

3.920

4.415

3.530

1.575

1.905

1.875

93.650

0.142 0.089 0.070 0.099 +2.6+ 2.1 +1.7 +0.8 + 90 +10° + 8° + 6o † 4o + 3o f 2

0.089

841

0.119

0.147

0.122

0.051

0.054

0.032

0.111

0.7

1.2

1.6

1.3

1.4

1,5

1.3 12.2

1°

3°

6°

7°E 10° S

Solar Radiation, Excess of do.

118.6

42.3

...

Table IV.

Number of Hours during a portion of which it rained for each Month in the year 1903.

107,-

Month.

1 a.

2 a.

3 a.

4 a.

5 a.

6 a.

7 a.

8 a.

9 a.

10 a.

11 a. Noon. 1 p.

3 p.

2 p.

4 p.

5 p.

6 p.

7 p.

8 p.

9 p.

10 p. 11 p. Midt

Total.

INCONTRO-

CO - Co

1132OOOO7-20

2182 10 0 10 0 0

∞∞∞ co co co 1-02-0

32 42 ON N01-270

Hp - X ∞ ∞ ∞ 01 00 10 –

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June,

July,.

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

()

Total,.

49 44

46 40

29 30

29 35

10 10 10 0 - O

TION TO 1000-0

---OGOA ON 11

AHON HOOM 10 - OO

TTGCN CO JA JA LNIN

# 0100 1 - 0

30-0 00 00 10 CO <--O

OONDA A NO 00 00 ON

CO ON NO NEE IN NOO

CONG DO OF NO CO CO CO - pad

4021 10 10 10 10 0 – 2 O

00 = 10 00 HORES E72-0

111

108

118

130

139

333

841

MONTH.

108

Table V.

Number of Days with Wind from eight different points of the Compass during each Month of the year.

NE.

SE.

SW.

NW.

January,

February,

March,

April, May, June,

July,

August,

September,

४

October,

November,

December,

Total,.....

201

دین

MONTH.

Table VI.

Total Number of Days on which different Meteorological Phenomena were noted and Total Number of Thunderstorms during each Month of the year 1903.

Fog.

Phenomena.

Electric

Lightning.

Thunder.

Thunderstorms.

Unusual

Dew.

Visibility.

Rainbows.

Lunar Halo.

Lunar Corona.

January,

February,..

March,

April,

May,

June,

July,

August,.

September,

420∞ ∞ ~

: ܗ:

CON

October,

November,

December,

Total,.

103

33333

MONTH.

Table VII,

Total Number of Times that Clouds of different forms were observed in each Month of the year 1903.

c-str.

e-cum. sm-cum.

cum. cum-str.

str.

R-cum. cun-nim.

nim.

January,

February, March, April, May, June,

30 03

111

128

125

143

135

187

July,.

August,...

September,

October,

November,

December,....

NOORES

188

165

141

147

21:00 011- TO

Total,

169

197

469

1,603

حكم

168

140

342

Solar Halo.

Solar Corona.

109

Table VIII.

Mean

Baro-

Diurnal Weight

RAINFALL.

Variabi- of

MONTH.

metric

Tide.

lity of Aqueous

Hourly OF CLOUDS Intensity WHENCE COMING.

MEAN DIRECTION NUMBER OF DAYS.

WITH

CLOUDS BELOW.

Temper- Vapour. (1884-1903

Mean.

Rain.

1903.

Lower.

Upper. 2,000 ft. 1,000 ft.

ature.

inclus.)

January,

0.106

2.30

3.82

1.323

1.370

0.029

E 8 SW 3 S

February,

0.097

2.33

4.05

1.860

0.210

0.008

E 12 SW 15 N

March,.

0.106

2.54

6.33

2.630

2.655

0.026

S 35 DW 5 S

April,.

0.098 2.44

7.16

5.561

4.725

0.067

S 36 EW 18 S

May,

0.073

1.92

8.21

13.432

13.960

0.112

S 34 E

W 16 S

June,

0.068

1.24

9.52 16.797

25.230

0.315

S 35 W W 34 N

July,

0.066

0.98

9.66

13.321

11.160

0.189

S 31 EN 21 E

August,

0.069

1.34

9.51

14.219

14.970

0.166

S40 WIN 3 W

September,

0.083

0.87

8.72

8.209

16.535

0.143

E 6 SN 18 W

October,

0.093

1.58

6.89

4.725

1.660

0.057

E 15 N E 6 N

Novembr,

0.114

2.07

4.62

1.711

1.090

0.044

E 23 N W 20 S

December,

0.111

2.42

3.50

1.030

0.085

0.042

E 1 SW 11 S

Mean or Total, 0.090 1.84

6.83

84.818 93.650

0.121

E 39 S W 35 N

130

Table IX.

Monthly Extremes of the Principal Meteorological Elements registered during the year 1993.

WIND RADIA-

BAROMETER. TEMPERATURE.

DITY.

HUMI- VAPOUR TENSION.

RAIN.

VELO-

TION.

CITY.

MONTH.

Max.

Min. Max. Min. Min.

Max. Min.

Daily Hourly Max. Max.

Sun

Max.

January,

30.509

29.809 73.8

46.2

0.683 0.074 0.815 0.170 32

123.5

February,

30.364 29.872 72.8

41.9

0.649 0.194| 0.140| 0.045

127.6

March,

30.089

29.656 79.8

56.2

0.777 0.275 0.835 0.480

130.7

April,

30.134

29.593 83.5

62.0

0.868 0.332 3.215 1.570

135.7

May,

June,

29.967

29.572 87.0

66.3

0.942 0.336 3.595 1.250

139.1

29.869

July,

August,

September,

October,....

November,

29.448 90.5 73.4

29.811 29.329 92.4 73.8 57

29.872 29.389 91.2

29.916 29.577 87.7

30.168 29.457 87.1

30.207

29.797 85.3 46.7

1.000 0.762| 8.505| 2.200

145.3

1.091 0.751 2.920 1.000

147.5

73.1 61

1.093 0.728 3.465| 1.570

142.7

73.0 55

0.956 0.606 3.340 1.025

134.8

57.4 35

0.849 0.291 1.050 0.255

137.5

0.680 0.118 1.025 0.185

133.3

December,

30.298 29.815 74.7 45.8

0.672 0.044 0.075 0.060

124.1

Year,..

30.509 29.329 92.4 41.9

1.093 0.044 8.505 2.200

147.5

110

Table X.

Five-Day Means of the Principal Meteorological Elements observed at Hongkong in 1903.

FIVE-DAY PERIODS.

Barometer.

Temper-

Humidity.

ature.

Wind Vapour Tension. Velocity.

Nebulosity. Sunshine.

Rain.

January

1- 5

30.214

50.2

0.320

13.0

2.6

7.4

0.000

6-10

.200

55.8

.220

16.1

7.8

2.8

0.027

.11-15

.029

55.7

352

7.3

9.8

1.0

0.231

16-20

.029

57.3

.258

14.4

6.1

5.2

0.000

.21-25

.014

64.4.

.482

33.0

7.7

3.8

0.003

.26-30

29.988

58.7

.445

7.6

9.6

1.2

0.012

31-4

30.108

49.5

.266

4.1

9.2

1.4

0.036

February

5- 9

.232

57.0

.285

13.0

8.0

3.6

0.000

10-14

.121

59.6

.415

13.7

9.7

0.5

0.000

.15-19

.187

59.6

372

15.5

5.7

5.3

0.000

.20-24

.237

59.5

331

15.2

6.3

3.7

0.000

.25- 1

29.957

64.8

.509

10.7

7.2

2.7

0.007

وو

March

2-6

.845

64.0

.558

20.4

9.6

0.1

0.151

7-11

.839

66.9

.620

14.4

9.2

1.9

0.145

.12-16

.801

68.5

.632

11.6

9.8

1.3

0.034

17-21

.927

62.0

.491

13.0

10.0

0.0

0.034

02-26

.969

67.6

.583

17.2

7.5

4.0

0.000

.27-31

.855

69.8

.618

15.3

8.3

3.5

0.167

April

1- 5

.892

69.8

.586

10.9

8.0

2.1

0.039

6-10

.910

71.1

.592

9.9

4.9

5.9

0.000

.11-15

.869

72.6

.722

15.8

9.3

2.3

0.015

16-20

.880

72.2

.659

14.9

6.3

4.4

0.091

21-25

.716

76.2

.758

9.8

8.1

2.4

0.054

.26-30

.800

72.1

.669

18.0

9.8

0.2

0.746

May

1- 5

.852

71.2

.699

20.1

9.5

0.8

0.013

6-10

.833

73.4

.035

15.6

7.9

3.2

0.262

وو

.11-15

.774

75.7

.772

12.3

9.8

1.6

0.680

16-20

.712

78.2

.855

12.2

9.7

1.5

1.208

.21-25

.725

76.1

.781

9.5

9.4

1.3

0.451

.26-30

.814

77.0

.829

14.8

6.2

5.9

0.058

..31- 4

.801

81.3

.884

7.9

2.6

10.6

0.000

June

5-9

.770

82.8

.892

11.6

5.5

10.1

0.040

..10-14

.734

83.7

.897

10:2

7.5

6.8

0.019

15-19

.502

81.4

.899

14.3

9.8

0.5

0.583

20-24

.594

82.1

.922

11.5

8.0

4.2

0731

رو

.25-29

.000

79.8

..901

12.3

9.8

0.0

3.600

.30- 4

.636

82.3

.908

10.9

8.3

8.6

0.151

July

5- 9

.598

82.4

.908

8.7

8.1

6.9

0.313

10-14

.675

80.1

.901

16.0

9.1

4.3

0.587

15-19

.720

80.0

.911

10.5

7.4

5.0

0.087

20-24

.072

81.1

.002

9.9

4.6

9.0

0.200

25-29

.570

82.7

.912

16.2

6.3

0.216

30- 3

463

84.6

.988

8.2

6.8

6.3

0.527

August

4- 8

583

82.7

.921

14.6

7.2

4.7

0.145

9-18

723

82.1

.910

8.5

6.9

6.7

0.131

14-18

(132

78.0

.864

5.8

9.4

1.8

0.924

.19-23

.749

80.5

.882

7.0

5.3

6.0

0.296

.24-28

.717

78.9

.856

8.3

5.6

5.0

0.278

.29-

.687

79.7

.874

6.3

7.0

8.5

1.292

September

8- 7

.741

77.3

.838

11.8

9.1

8.0

0.900

8-12

.070

76.7

.845

16.2

10.0

0.3

1.750

..13-17

.815.

79.6

874

9.3

4.5

0.038

18-22

.838

79.8

.812

9.2

4.3

6.9

0.073

Q8-07

.827

79.1

.748

15.1

2.8

9.3

0.008

.28-2

.747

80.5

.774

18.2

4.0

7.5

0.000

October.

3- 7

753

79.3

.673

8.5

6.0

5.8

0.600

8-12

.820

77.5

.741

14.0

8.0

8.2

0.101

B-17

.870

76.4

.005

14.0

3.7

7.3

0.000

18-22

.701

77.8

.598

12.5

5.6

0.0

0.018

23-27

715

76.6

.687

20.7

7.6

B.S

0.910

28- 1

30 075

06.0

.876

12.7

5.6

7.5

0.000

November

2-6

29.932

71.1

531

5.0

2.8

8.67

0.000

7-11

.941

69.9

.360

12.0

3.7

8.5

0.000

.12-16

.970

07.9

.437

10.2

1.6

8.2

0.000

.17-21

.970

68.9

580

9.7

6.5

3.1

0.212

22-20

20.086

65.4

.40%

11.8

6.2

6.5

0.006

.27-1

.079

69.0

233

6.9

7.1

0.000

December

2-6

.151

58 7

.174

13.8

3.1

8.4

0.000

7-11

20.940

62.7

868

10.7

2.5

8.0

0.000

12-16

9.3

66.5

143

6.7

4.3

0.015

..17-21

30.106

58.4

202

13.1

6.7

0.000

22-20

.102

59.3

.900

11.2

7.2

0.000

27-81

.043

60.9

313

9.7

8.0

0.000

111

Table XI.

Observations of Magnetic Declination and Dip.

1903.

H.K.M.T.

Declination East.

Observer.

H.K.M.T.

Dip North.

Needle

Observer.

No.

February,

174.3.18.p.

April,.

14 3 4 p.

0° 13' 30"

0 14 5

F.G.F.

130.4. 7p. 31° 12′.51

13 .77

16 3 55 p.

10 .64

9.77

June,

16 3 15 p.

0 12 45

12 3 46 p.

9 .92

004 00 H-00

F.G.F.

•

10.65

August,

October,....

12 3 23 p.

15 3 18

0 13 32

17 3 53 p.

12.12

12 .31

✪ 13 13

13 3 52 p.

13 .34

11.62

December,.

15 3 15 p.

0 13 40

16 3 39 p.

10 .65 11.84

Table XII.

Observations of Horizontal Magnetic Force.

1903.

H.K.M.T.

Time of

one

Distance Tem-

Vibration.

Tem- perature Cent.

Value of

Log mX.

H.K.M.T.

in Cen-perature Deflection. timetres. Cent.

Log

Walne ofi Obser-

veľ.

February....... 16d4h-16m.p.

3.6483 20°.95

2.32624

575.44 164.3.43m.p.

199.9

6° 38' 28" .7

3.19877 0.36833 | F.G.F.

{}

2 47 15.6

4 48 p.

19 .2

6 38 36 .3

2 47 21 .2

April,

15 3 48 p.

3 6534

27.7

2.32024

575.24 15 3 14 p.

27 4

6 36 40 .0

3.19346 0.36846

2 46 36 .9

4 32 P.

26.6

6 37 7.5 12 46 46 .9

June,..

15 3 42 p.

3 .6563 30.0

2.32597

574.0815 3

4 p.

29 .8

6 35 43 .7 2 46 12 5

3.19280 0.86542

4 21 p.

20 .2

6 35 58 .8

2 46 18 .7

Angust,

14 3 44 p.

3 .6571

31.2

2.32589

574.78 14 3 11 p.

30..6

6 35 41.2

8.19312 0.06840

2 46 6.9

4 19 P.

27 .9

6 36 30.0

2 46 46.2

October,

14 3 50 p. 3 .6506 27.2

2.32532

574.53 14 3 13 p.

26 .9

6 36 46 .2

3.19880 0.30814

2 46 37 5

4 29 p.

25 .9

6 37 63

2 46 41 3

December.

14 3 40 p.

3 .6517

23.8

2.32511

574.82 14 2 48 p.

21 .8

6 38 22.5

2.19896 08777

9 47 11 .9

4 16 p.

22 .0

6 38 16 2

47 13 7

Month.

Table XIII.

Results of Magnetic Observations made in 1903.

Magnetic Force.

Declination East.

Dip North.

Total.

February,

0° 13' 30"

31° 13' 8"

0.30833

0.22323

0.43071

April,

14 5

10 12

0.36846

0.22288

0.43063

June,

12 45

10 17

0.36862

0.22299

0.43082

August,

13 32

12 13

0.30846

0.22818

0.43078

October,

December,

13 13

12 29

0.36811

0.22302

0.430-43

13 40

11 15

0.36777

0.22262

0.42980

Mean,

0 13 28

31 11 36

0.80830

0.22299

0.43055

No.

1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' PENSION FUND, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' FUND,

HONGKONG, 1st February, 1904.

SIR,-We have the honour to submit the following report on the Widows' and Orphans' Pension Fund for the year 1903.

2. The amount to the credit of the Fund on the 31st December last was $163,162.46, including $8,496.77 for interest, as per statement appended.

3. The average monthly contributions amount now to about $2,100.

4. On the 31st December, 1902, the number of contributors on the books was 415, and on the 31st December, 1903, 435, of whom 178 are bachelors, 250 are married men, and 7 are widowers.

5. During the period under review 117 officers joined the Fund, 50 left and 6 died.

6. The total number of children on the books is 347.

7. There are in the list 21 pensioners, whose pensions aggregate $2,281.92 per annum, as follows:-

Mrs. Beavin,

Moosdeen,

14.45

63.67

Moore,

239.85

Chan Tai,

54.85

Alarakia,

195.54

Chu Tsau,

81.62

Wong Yau Hiu,

5.12

Lo Lai Shi,.

113.26

Wildey,

247.63

Ho Yau Tsoi,

187.51

Gutierrez,

236.19

Robertson,.

163.78

Cheung Hon Shi,

17.86

Freire,

41.99

Duncan,.

215.68

Wong Fung Shi,.

99.40

Hood,

45.04

Leung Wong Shi,

34.08

Sun Au-Yung Shi,

99.46

Ku Yui Kyau,................

94.03

Miss Jalikar Madar,

30.91

$2,281.92

8. The causes of withdrawals are given as 44 resignations and 6 dismissals from Government Service, and the remarks in our special report apply to these.

9. Of the 6 subscribers who died, 3 were Chinese of the ages of 24, 27 and 57, respectively; as these men died in China no cause of death can be assigned.

10. One of the Europeans whose death was not reported till January, ought possibly not to appear in the accounts for 1903. He died in England and no cause

is known.

11. Of the others, one died of alcoholism and another of heat apoplexy and it is obvious that we cannot make any remarks as to the death-rates at different ages called for by the Actuary.

"We have &c.,

L. A. M. JOHNSTON,

Chairman.

C. McI. MESSER,

E. H. D'AQUINO, Directors. ARTHUR CHAPMAN,

S. B. C. Ross,

Acting Colonial Secretary,

&c.,

&e.

The Honourable A. M. TпoMSON,

ge.,

Balanco 1st January, 1993,

Contributions,

Less Refunds,

Interest,

STATEMENT OF WIDOWS AND ORPHANS' FUND

UP TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1903.

$132,388.81

Pensions paid to Widows,

$ 2,867.53

$26,310.23 425.07

Orphans,

60.09

25,885.16

8,496.77

Sums paid on the cancelment of membership, Expenses of management,

617.16

540.00

Printing,

23.50

Balance on the 31st December, 1903.

168,162.46

$166,770.74

$166.770.74

To Amount of the Fund,

$162,680.84

Luclained Pensions :-

Moosdcen's children,

26.54

Chan Tai,

Alarakia,

Chu Tsan,

Wong Yan Liu..

Wildey,

Robertson,

Freiro,

Hood,

Leung Wong Shi,

Wong Fang Sui,

36.59

81.47

64.41

3.41

20.63

13.65

7.00 89.23

27.11

121.58

$163,162,46

By Balanco deposited with the Government.. $163,162.46

$163,162.46

HONGKONG.

No. 1904

RESEARCH

INTO

EPIDEMIC AND EPIZOOTIC PLAGUE,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

BACTERIOLOGICAL SUB-DEPARTMENT,

HONGKONG, 9th June, 1904.

SIR.

I have the honour to submit, for the consideration of His Excellency the

Officer Administering the Government, the following Special Report on the

Results of my Researches into Epidemic and Epizootic Plague.

I have, &c.,.

The Honourable

J. M. ATKINSON, M.B., ETC.,

Principal Civil Medical Officer,

etc.,

etc..

etc.

WILLIAM HUNTER,

Government Bacteriologist.

526

PREFACE.

In forwarding this report to the Government I would mention that I have been for many years a firm believer in the fact that infection frequently occurs through the gastro-intestinal tract. I would here repeat what I stated in my report to the Government on the prevalence of Bubonic Plague in the year 1896:-

"The main channel by which the bacillus gains access to the body appears to be by the digestive tract..

In most cases the mucus membrane of the alimentary tract, from the stomach downwards, has been found distinctly hyperamic, the membrane being thickly coated with mucus and presenting petechia and inflammatory patches. The mesenteric and retro-peritoneal glands in all cases were inflamed and in many cases surrounded by sanguineous effusion, the gland tissue itself being softened and crowded with plague bacilli. In many of the cases these were the only post-mortem appearances to be found.

Rats, mice, monkeys, pigs and fowls have been proved to have acquired plague after having been fed with fragments of organs of animals that have died of the disease. The fœces of those attacked undoubtedly contain the plague bacilli.

Infection of the skin (inoculation) occurs but very rarely, if this were the fre- quent mode of infection we should find more often inflammatory affections of the skin, as when animals are infected subcutaneously well marked inflammatory changes at the seat of inoculation always occur.

Again, the external glandular affections (buboes), from which the disease derives its name, are not met with as a rule until some three or four days after the period of invasion.

If infection by the skin is the rule one would expect, as WILM has pointed out, that axillary buboes would be quite as common as inguinal ones; this however is not the case.

As against the theory that the channel of reception of the bacillus is the respi- ratory tract (ie., infection through the air), may be adduced the immunity of those who attend the patients and of the Sanitary Staff who superintended and were engaged in the inspection and disinfection of the infected houses. The plague ba- cillus has not been detected in the air, many examinations were made of the air of the wards at the Plague Hospital but always with negative results. The plague ba- cillus also does not survive dessication.

The main channels of infection therefore appear to be the digestive tract and the skin.

In 1896 many cases occurred without the formation of buboes, during the height of the epidemic the percentage of these cases was twenty and towards the end as high as twenty-seven.

In all cases the disease was diagnosed as plague by demonstrating the presence of the bacillus in the blood or by culture experiments of the blood, fœces or urine."

As regards the microscopical examination of the blood and the diagnosis of plague, this method was perfected last year by the examination of blood films accord- ing to Ross' method, in this way much more of the blood is examined at one time and in typical cases of the disease one always finds plague bacilli present.

Playne a Septicamic Disease.

The reasons given in this report for considering plague a septicæmic disease appear to be conclusive, they are briefly

.) The fact that by Ross' method plague bacilli are found in the blood

in living cases in considerable numbers;

527

(ii.) The presence of plague bacilli in bubonic cases before the formation

of the bubo: and

(iii.) The presence of plague bacilli in the blood of patients convalescing

from this disease.

Avenues of Infection in Plague.

Dr. HUNTER's investigations lead him to the conclusion that it is chiefly through the alimentary canal that the bacillus enters the body, this raises the important question of the possibility of food infection.

In the Annual Report of the Medical Department for 1898 I drew attention to the fact that outbreaks of what was known as rinderpest in cattle had preceded the epidemics of 1894, 1896 and 1998.

In the earlier months of 1898 the neighbouring provinces of Kwantung and Kwangsi were overrun with this disease which killed off large numbers of cattle. Dr. MACDONALD of Wenchow wrote me in that year "that preceding the outbreak of plague in that town there was an epidemic of rinderpest in the native cattle.'

Again in 1896 an epidemic occurred amongst the pigs imported to the Colony from Hoihow. Dr. WILM and myself examined several of the pigs and the symp- toms and post-mortem appearances found were similar to those met with in cattle which had died of rinderpest. In the light of recent researches these diseases must have been of the nature of hemorrhagic septicemia. A similar epidemic occurred amongst pigs in and around Canton preceding the outbreak of plagne there in 1898.

•

In 1899 Cheung Chau, a small island sixteen miles from Hongkong, was attacked with plague and an epidemic of a similar nature prevailed amongst the pigs on this island prior to the outbreak in man, and distinct evidence was obtained that pigs which had died of this disease had been used as food. Suggestive as these facts were of the possibility of infected food spreading the disease it was impossible for us with our then limited staff to follow up these investigations.

On the arrival of Professor SIMPSON in 1902 I told him of these outbreaks and particularly of the one at Cheung Chau and suggested how important it would be to carry out experiments in regard to the susceptibility of animals to plague

infection.

The results of these experiments are given in Professor SIMPSON's Report on the Causes and Continuance of Plague in Hongkong published in 1903. They proved that pigs, calves, sheep, monkeys, fowls, &c., are more or less susceptible to plague of a fatal nature; that they take the infection by feeding as well as by inoculation and that the type of plague induced by feeding is usually septicemic.

Dr. HUNTER, as his report shows, has further investigated the possibilty of the infection being communicated by way of food.

He has shown that the plague bacillus grows exceedingly well in media, prepared with rice. He has found plague bacilli in the cheapest and most inferior quality of rice; rats fed with this rice contracted the disease, guinea pigs fed with it gave similar results, so that there can be no doubt that infected rice may spread the disease. This quality is used as food by the poorer class of Chinese.

The spread of plague infection by insects is an interesting chapter, this occurs indirectly by infecting food and household utensils.

Occurrence of Disease in Animals.

This report shows conclusively the important part played by rats, that are suffering from plague, in conveying the infection to man. The presence of chronic rat plague is dealt with very fully and it is this chronic rat plague which Dr. HUNTER thinks bridges over the intervals between successive epidemics. Again other animals such as cats, fowls, calves, sheep and pigs, &c., are susceptible to plague infection and may become elements of danger.

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He concludes that plague is primarily epizootic and within a week or fortnight becomes epidemic in man.

Climatic Influences.

Dr. HUNTER does not think these have any effect on the progress or otherwise of the disease. The fact that in Hongkong the epidemics always subside when the mean daily temperature exceeds 82. F. may be accounted for by the fact that the higher the temperature the shorter the life of the bacillus.

Prophylaxis.

The first thing appears to be to attack the rats. The recent results obtained by Professor Roux in producing an epidemic amongst rats in the Department of Charente in France by means of a virulent strain of DANYZ's bsacillus justifies one in the hope that we may yet be able to rid the Colony of these pests.

Another measure almost of as great importance to my mind is the general cleansing of the native tenements, which has been carried out so successfully in this Colony during the past two years; associated with this must be the thorough disin- fection of all infected premises.

With regard to prophylaxis, Dr. HUNTER raises the question of the possibility of the occurrence of latent cases of plague in human beings; if this be true, viz., that an individual apparently in good health may yet be harbouring enormous numbers of plague germs, one can easily understand how such an one might be scattering the germs broadcast.

I have said enough to show that this report is well worth perusal and contains evidence of much careful investigation into this disease from every point of view.

HONGKONG, 21st June, 1904.

J. M. ATKINSON, Principal Civil Medical Officer.

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1904.

A RESEARCH

INTO

EPIDEMIC

AND

EPIZOOTIC PLAGUE

WILLIAM HUNTER

GOVERNMENT BACTERIOLOGIST, HONGKONG

HONGKONG:

PRINTED BY NORONHA & Co.

Government and General Printers and Publishers

63 & 65, Des Vœux Road Central

1904

531

CONTENTS.

1. The Symptom Complex of Plague.

2. The Relations existing between the different Types of Plague.

3. Sex Incidence.

4. Age Incidence.

5. Occupation Incidence.

6. Pathological Anatomy.

7. Pathological Conditions complicating Plague.

8. Buboes and their Significance.

9. The Bacillus Pestis.

10. The Length of Life of the Bacillus Pestis.

11. The Avenues of Infection in Plague.

12. The Paths of Elimination of the Bacillus Pestis.

13. Air as a Carrier of Plague Infection.

14. Water Supplies in Plague.

15. Infection from Plague Corpses.

16. The Spread of Plague by Insects.

17. The Importance of Food in Plague. 18. The Principles of General Prophylaxis. 19. The Principles of Special Prophylaxis.

20. Epizootic Plague.

21. Plague in Rats.

22. The Relation of the Epidemic to the Epizootic.

23. The Bridging of Epidemics.

24. The History of the Course and Relations of Epizootic and Epidemic

Plague in Health Districts of Hongkong during the year 1902.

25. Charts of the Course of Epizootic and Epidemic Plague during 1902. 26. The History of the Course and Relations of Epizootic and Epidemic

Plague in the Health Districts of Hongkong during the

with Charts.

27. The History of the Initial Stages of the Outbreak of 1904.

year 1903,

28. The Course and Relations of Epizootic and Epidemic Plague during the

Inter-Epidemic Intervals, 1902-03 and 1903-04.

39. Plague in Cats.

30. Plague in Mice.

31. The Susceptibility of Animals, in general, to Plague Infection.

32. General Conclusions in regard to Epizootic Plagne.

33. Spontaneous Epizootic Plague.

34. Statistics.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

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The Symptom Complex of Plague.

It is not my intention to enter into any detailed description of the symptoms and physical signs of Plague. Many excellent accounts of these have been given by those interested in the disease. The phases of the disease in Hongkong are in accordance with those found in other parts of the world..

My reason for discussing the clinical aspect of plague is, that certain symp- toms complained of by individuals during the earliest stages of the disease, appear to have attracted but scant attention. It is unfortunate that these have not been fully investigated, because from my researches, some of these symptoms are indi- cative of the starting point of the disease, and the deductions drawn from their appearance are verified by the results obtained after death.

It would appear that the majority of medical men, actively engaged in dia- gnosing the presence or absence of plague infection in man, have restricted their enquiries to the prominent symptoms and signs of the disease, paying but little attention to the exact mode of onset of the affection, and such symptoms which may have been present previous to the occurrence of fever-a bubo, etc.-or even before they come under the eye of the plague expert.

the cases.

The diagnosis of cases of plague has to be made as soon as possible. During plague epidemics, the time at the disposal of those in charge of plague patients is fully occupied. Little or no attention can be paid to the detailed clinical aspect of Consequently in plague infected localities, the clinical observations have rarely gone beyond the classical symptoms of the disease-namely, those upon which the physician depends in order to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Again the clinical features presented by cases of plague are not so carefully enquired into now-a-days, owing to the introduction of more rapid and accurate means of arriving at a diagnosis, namely, the demonstration in the tissues of the causal agent itself- the Bacillus pestis.

any-

In connection with my researches into the clinics of plague, I have asked myself, whether those well known symptoms of the disease are the only impor- tant evidences of plague, or whether there exist others, and if so, do these add thing to our knowledge of the pathology of the disease? The B. pestis does not produce a soluble toxin. The poison which it produces is intimately bound up with the bacterial protoplasm. It is of the nature of a protein. It is very lethal. Widespread evidence is present, in every case of plague, of its powerful action. All organs and tissues of the body are profuudly altered. The circulatory appa- ratus of the body is one of the systems most affected by the plague poison. All cases of plague show an early and extreme cardiac weakness. The heart beat is quickened, the pulse dicrotic, and becoming towards the close of life threadlike.

The

The exact pathology of this action of the plague poison on the cardiac apparatus is as yet undetermined. It would appear to act centrally. In all cases there occur marked chromatolytic changes in the nerve cells of the brain. appearance presented by the central nervous tissue in a case of plague, is similar to that found after death from acute intoxication due to some poison. The fever curve is far from typical. It usually rises suddenly to an appreciable height, and subsequently maintains an elevated position with morning remissions. Such remissions may be extreme. AS WILM says, no criterion of the severity of a case is afforded by the temperature chart. Patients may be supposed to be progressing favourably towards recovery and the physician in charge may have pronounced the prognosis as good, yet on his arrival the following day, he is told that the patient died suddenly during the night. Such is the history of many cases. It shows the dangers of giving an early prognosis in cases of plague. Experienced plague physicians avoid as much as possible the question of prognosis until the patient is well into a state of convalescence. It is the cardiac apparatus which one has to deal with, and it is to this system that the physician must exert his best skill.

Again intense headache with a feeling of giddiness is one of the earliest complaints. This is usually accompanied by persistent vomiting. The patients when brought to Hospital often appear as if intoxicated with alcohol. The sensorium is profundly affected, often accompanied by somnolence and great prostration.

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The speech is also regarded as characteristic. The conjunctivæ are usually intensely injected and often there is marked photophobia. Jerking movements of the muscles accompanied by a sort of intention tremor are usually present in typical cases.

These are among the most important symptoms usually described in character- istic cases of plague. They are followed by the development of the so-called types of the disease, namely, the bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic plagues. These clinical symptoms, aided by the demonstration of the specific cause in an individual complete the diagnosis. As already noted, such diagnoses have to be made as rapidly as possible during an epidemic. There is a constant influx of patients and with the preparation of the various necessaries requisite for their treatment, the time of plague officers is fully occupied. Consequently I venture to state that in the majority of cases a careful note of all the initial manifestations of the disease has not been made. Again trustworthy accounts of the earliest symptoms of the disease are difficult to obtain. The majority of patients are not brought to Hospital until a day or two after the onset of the disease, and even on reaching the Hospital the sensorium of these patients is so altered that a reliable account of the onset of the disease is either unattainable on untrustworthy.

The initial manifestations of the disease, which I regard as having been to a great extent lost sight of, are those arising from the gastro-intestinal tract.

In the varions Reports on Plague, including those of the Commissions, mere mention is made of the occurrence of diarrhoea and vomiting. Their appearance is apparently regarded as ordinary symptoms occurring during the advent of an acute in- fectious disease.

WILM, however, in his Report on Plague in Hongkong in 1896, describes shortly the occurrence of such manifestations and lays some stress upon them. On page 9 of this report we find the following:-"The symptoms of disorder of the digestive tract were very numerous. At the outset of the disease the tongue usually became swollen, bright red at the tip and edges, and was covered with a greyish white fur. Usually on the second or third day of the disease, the fur became brownish or black, and dried in a crust. The tongue becomes cracked and fissured so that it soon resembles that seen in typhus or in enteric fever about the third week of the disease. The lips soon become dry and often fissured, the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx was usually bright red. The appetite disappeared. There was frequently uncontrollable vomiting and great thirst, with a painful sensation of heat in the stomach and the lower part of the abdomen. The vomit was sometimes watery, sometimes bilious, sometimes like coffee grounds. Diarrhoea was frequent at the outset and again in the later stages of the disease

Blood, mucus, and epithelium frequently appeared

in the stools."

WILM concluded, as the result of his observations, that an intestinal type of plague existed. He says "that in 20% of the cases, the intestinal symptoms were so predominant, that the illness had to be regarded as essentially an intestinal affection."

WILM's results do not appear to have attracted a great deal of attention. The members of the various Indian Plague Commissions do not deny the existence of such a type of the disease, yet were unable to support it. Such a type of plague is put down by them as a form specially met with in Hongkong, and of no great importance so far as the pathogenesis of the disease is concerned."

On my arrival in Hongkong, I was prepared to meet with the classical types of plague, as laid down in the various Reports. My experience of plague at the Mortuary confirmed the presence of these types. At the same time I was struck by the appearances presented post-mortem. According to the type of case ex- amined, buboes, pneumonias, etc., were found and the general morbid alterations in the tissues and organs more or less harmonised with my expectations. What seemed to me to be wanting in the reports on the pathological aspects of these cases, was a description of the appearances presented by the gastro-intestinal canal.

In the vast majority of cases examined post-mortem, a careful examination of the

gut showed the presence of pathological change. Previous to the disturbance of the contents of the abdomen, one could observe on opening the peritoneal cavity, patchy congestion of the stomach: and intestines. The vessels leading to

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and from the gut were engorged and in their neighbourhood small hæmorrhagic extravasations were frequently found. On examination more closely, the gut was found to be thickened, oedematous with occasional hæmorrhages between its different tunics. The mucous membrane was usually much congested, thickened and pulpy. Numerous extravasations of blood of varying size were found, and in some places actual erosion and ulceration had taken place. In a few cases the humen of the gut was found to contain brownish black tarry material, evidently blood changed in colour owing to the action of HS. The changes were most marked in the lower small intestine, and gradually diminished in severity towards the stomach. In the stomach and duodenum the changes were sometimes extremely pronounced, but such usually occurred in patches of limited extent. Again enormous hæmorrhages are frequently found into the mucous membrane of the stomach. On examining the mesentery and contained lymphatic glands, changes were also found. The mesentery itself was often considerably thickened and sodden from cedema, with marked capillary injection. Large hæmorrhages were also found.

The lymphatic glands were also affected. They were enlarged and congested, and on section were found to be cedematous and often hæmorrhagic. All these changes will be discussed at greater length under the results of post-mortem examinations.

Having satisfied myself as to the more or less constancy of well marked intestinal changes in all varieties of the disease, I looked for assistance or con- firmation of the presence of these lesions. The literature on

The literature on plague was of little value. Beyond the mere mention of certain pathological changes in the intestine, no further comments are made. I consulted Professor SIMPSON, pointing out to him these changes. He agreed with these statements which I have just made, and told me that, to the naked eye, the appearances of plague corpses were similar to what he had seen in South Africa and India, and from the presence of these changes in the gastro-intestinal tract, he was more inclined than ever to support. the gastro-intestinal origin of the disease.

Again WILM's reports were of use. My own post-mortem results agreed in the main with those of this observer.

In order to obtain more definite information in regard to these intestinal -changes, I appealed to the clinical side of plague, hoping thereby to obtain evidence by the presence of symptoms of an affection of the gut. My help therefore, had to come from the various reports furnished by the Medical Officer in charge of the Infectious Diseases Hospital and the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, both of whom had most experience with cases of plague during the last epidemic.

The presence of symptoms indicative of marked affection of the gastro-intestinal tract in plague do not appear to have called for comment by the Medical Officer in charge of Kennedy Town Hospital. Mention is made of the presence of vomit- ing and diarrhoea, but no details are given in the notes on the cases as to the date of onset of these symptoms, their duration, character and severity, etc.

It is interesting, however, to find that symptoms were found present in the majority of the cases, pointing to some affection of the alimentary canaļ.

During plague epidemics, a considerable number of individuals, complaining of indefinite symptoms, apply to the Government Civil Hospital for treatment. Many of these, after clinical examination turn out to be early cases of plague, and are forthwith despatched to the Infectious Diseases Hospital. Dr. BELL, the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, tells me that many individuals have applied for treatment during the earliest stages of the disease, at a time when the history of the illness could be obtained with a certain amount of accuracy. Being specially interested in the question of the early diagnosis of the disease, Dr. BELL noted carefully the various symptoms complained of by each individual patient. On making enquiry as to the primary symptoms complained of by plague patients, Dr. BELL furnished me with the notes of the cases which came under observation and, as will be seen, he has been able to assist me greatly in regard to the question of the occurrence of marked evidence of an affection of the gastro-intestinal tract in plague.

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It would be impossible to detail in this report, the notes of all the cases which are of interest in regard to this question. I shall limit myself to the histories of the following four cases, these being representative of the question at present under consideration :-

Case No. I.-F. A., admitted to the Government Civil Hospital on the 17th March, 1903, complaining of severe diarrhoea. Tempera- ture on admission, normal. The blood was examined with nega- tive results. The character of the stool was loose, bile stained and foul smelling. Nothing characteristic was found in the stool when examined microscopically. The number of stools on the day of admission was 6. On the 18th 4 stools, on the 19th 4 stools, and on the 20th he had 2 stools. All the stools were of the same character as described. The temperature was still nor- mal on the 20th. On the evening of the 20th it suddenly rose to 102° F. The diarrhoea was still present. On the 21st the even- ing temperature was 103° F., diarrhoea still present. On the 22nd the temperature was 103° F, diarrhoea small in amount. The blood was examined by the method recommended by Ross for malaria, and a number of oval, bipolar shaped micro-organisms was found. These were regarded as plague bacilli, and the patient was remov- ed to Kennedy Town Hospital. Here, he complained of severe headache, and sleepiness. The tongue was thickly furred, and in general, the patient presented all the signs of severe plague infec- tion. No bubo developed. He went through an extremely severe attack of plague of the septicamic type.

Case No. II.—S. S., a police constable, was admitted to the Government Civil Hospital on 3rd June, 1903, complaining of vomiting and diarrhea of a day's duration. On admission, the dejecta were found to be watery, bile stained, and foul smelling. The tongue was furred. The temperature was 100° F. The blood was exa- mined by Ross's method, and large numbers of bacilli identical with the B. pestis were found. On the strength of this, the patient was removed to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, where ɑ severe and typical bubonic plague developed.

Case No. III.-T. K., a Chinese police constable, was admitted to the Government Civil on the 4th March, 1903, complaining of severe "colic," vomiting and constant watery diarrhoea. The bowels opened twice soon after admission, and the dejecta were watery and brownish yellow in colour. Nothing abnormal was found in the stools. The patient looked very pinched, ill, and somnolent.. The temperature was 99° F.

On the 5th the temperature was still 99° F. The patient was very sleepy and dull. He complained of severe headache. The tongue had become thickly coated. The diarrhoea was still profuse and of the same character. The blood was examined as in other cases. Bacteria morphologically identical with the B. pestis were found. He was removed at once to Kennedy Town Hospital where he passed through a typical attack of plague of the bubonic type.

Case No. IV.-H. T., a Chinese coolie, was admitted to the Government Civil Hospital on the 16th March, 1903, complaining of cramps in the abdomen, headache, vomiting and diarrhea. On admission, the temperature was 100.8° F.. the tongue was foul, headache was constantly complained of, and vomiting and diarrhoea continued severe. Nothing abnormal was found microscopically in the stools. They had the usual naked eye appearance. During the first 24 hours after admission, the patient had 22 stools. The blood was examined as in other cases and organisms identical with plague bacilli found. He was transferred to Kennedy Town Hospital and developed into a typical case of septicemic plague with no bubonic formation.

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These cases are illustrative of the mode of onset of plague. Many others presented the same train of symptoms previous to the development of the typical and well recognised signs of plague. From these and other cases it is evident that diarrhoea and vomiting are among the early symptoms of plague. They may be present alone and the individual affected able to go about his daily duties. Sometimes they are accompanied by headache and a feeling of sleepiness but these may be absent.

Again, during this initial stage, there may be no elevation of the body temper- ature. The reports on the microscopical examination of the dejecta say that nothing abnormal was found. Hoards of various micro-organisms were probably present, but the diagnosis of the presence of the plague bacillus in such a medium would be quite impossible. The diagnosis of plague was made absolute by the microscopical examination of the blood. The thick film method of blood examin- ation advocated by Ross for malaria was applied by Dr. BELL to cases of plague. The results were satisfactory and in the majority of cases of a convincing nature.

With a patient complaining of indefinite symptoms, as headache, diarrhoea and vomiting and the finding of oval shaped and bipolar bacteria which decolour- ised by GRAM's method in the thick blood film, during an epidemic of plague in the Colony, the diagnosis or at least provisional diagnosis could only be that of plague.

The presence of the B. pestis in the blood stream of patients suffering from plague is recognised. It is denied, however, that these bacilli are present in the blood during all the stages of the disease. The most modern views on the question are that in the bubonic variety of the disease, plague bacilli are found in the blood only just before death. That is to say the disease becomes septicemic during the agonal period and numbers of B. pestis appear in the blood. Some observers go so far as to assert that there exists no such thing as septicemic plague. Again in the pneumonic variety of the disease, the same views are held, namely, the tendency of the disease to become septicemic just before death.

That these statements are founded upon a firm basis, is by no means obvious. The results obtained by different observers would appear to "ary considerably. WILM was able to find plague bacilli in the blood stream of cases of all varieties of the disease some considerable time before death.

The results obtained by other observers, however, have been more or less negative. From these cases which have just been described, it is seen that the diagnosis of plague was made from a microscopical examination of the blood during the initial stages of the disorder, and further the method employed gave extremely reliable results.

This is in direct opposition to the views held by the majority of plague workers of the present day. Their views I have only just mentioned.

The presence of the B. pestis in the blood of plague patients during the early stages of the disease, appears to me to be of the greatest importance. Further the thick blood film method of Ross applied to plague hæmatology, is a most useful addition to the methods of diagnosis of cases of plague. Dr. BELL has told me that these bacilli have been found in the blood during the initial stages of all types of the disease, namely, the bubonic, pneumonic and septicæmic.

In the septicemic types of the disease (and as already mentioned, the existence of this form of plague is almost denied by some), the demonstration of the causal agent in the blood excites no surprise, but when we find that similar results are attainable in the other varieties of the disease, our ideas in regard to the pathology of plague must necessarily change. Ever granted that the method is not abso- lutely reliable (and no method in bacteriology is infallible), the finding again and again of plague bacilli in the peripheral blood stream during the early stages of the disease, is a new fact, and one which alters the present day conceptions of plague. That the micro-organisms found in the thick blood films were plague bacilli, there can be no doubt.

At the commencement of Dr. BELL's examinations of the blood of suspicious cases of plague, many of the slides were shown to me, and I must confess, that I was sceptical as to the reliance, which could be placed on the method as one for

538

purposes of diagnosis. With further observation of such preparations, coupled with the results obtained in all types of the disease, often in the absence of an examination of the patient, and the negative reaction obtained when GRAM's method was employed as a precautionary test, I feel convinced that this method of Ross applied to the hæmatology of plague opens up to us an entirely new field of research into the pathology of plague and will alter our views as regards the types of the disease, if such distinct varieties of plague are existent.

Recently Dr BELL published a short note on this method in the British Medical Journal (March 1904, p. 544). He says: "I have examined numbers of cases, mostly on the first or second day of illness, and in every case, the result has been positive." Further he comments thus: "a case can be diagnosed almost as easily as a case of malaria.”

In my opinion these expressions are too absolute. The method is not absolute. One may easily fall in error unless great care is exercised in the preparation of these thick blood films. Again unless a fair number of these bacilli are found present, the diagnosis should be withheld until a more favourable blood film is obtained.

The method of finding plague bacilli in the peripheral blood during the phase of the disease is of the greatest interest, and the results obtained are more or less in direct opposition to the views expressed by most scientists in regard to this question.

This is so entirely new that I would not support such a result, in the face of so great an amount of contrary evidence, had I not convinced myself of its actual presence. The method has been successfully prosecuted at the Government Civil Hospital, and I believe the Medical Officer in charge of Kennedy Town Hospital has reported favourably upon it. From this result, it would appear that the views held in regard to the bacteriology of plague must alter in a manner similar to those held a few years ago in regard to typhoid fever. The B. typhosus was, up until a few years ago, supposed to have an extremely limited distribution in the body. The organism had scarcely ever been found apart from lymphoid tissues. Typhoid was regarded as a disease of the abdominal cavity. With extended research, all this has become changed. Typhoid fever is now recognised as a septicemia, with the presence of the B. typhosus in the blood, and the majority of the symptoms and physical signs of the disease, are regarded as being due to the actual presence of the specific organism itself, rather than to the absorption of poisons produced by the bacillus at some distance.

Plague, viewed in this light, would appear as a septicemia-a disease caused by the B. pestis, which is present in the blood stream and can multiply there. This septicemia may remain as such, or in other cases may be accompanied by the formation of one or more so called bubonic swellings in connection with certain groups of lymphatic glands, or again, may be accompanied by secondary pneumonic processes in the lung.

Such a view of the disease would account for the majority of plague cases. It must not be forgotten that there probably exists another type of the disease, distinct from that commonly found, namely, the primary pneumonic pest, which is caused by direct inhalation of virulent B. pestis. From all researches, it appears that this inhalation disease is something different, and the distinguishing features of this form, and the significance of its presence are discussed under a separate heading.

For purposes of comparison, it will be of use to sketch briefly the present day opinions in regard to the pathology and bacteriology of the disease.

Plague, with all its so called types or varieties is caused by the specific or- ganism, known by the name of the B. pestis, and, were it not for the constant presence of this characteristic micro-organism in all the different manifestations of the disease, there would, as in past ages, be a tendency to regard the principal types of plague as distinct diseases.

The general consensus of opinion is that the bubonic type of plague is the standard variety of the disease. The causal agents are found in the bubo, but not in the blood. Throughout the disease the bacilli are pent up in the bubo.

The

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affection only becomes septicemic before death. If recovery takes place, the bacilli never reach the blood. During the agonal period, the blood becomes full of plague bacilli, the organisms are found in the secretions and excretions of the patient. In the fœces, urine, the bile, and the terminal lung oedema, plague bacilli may be found in enormous numbers. Such is the general trend of opinion in regard to bubonic plague.

By some it is admitted that when using large quantites of blood for examina- tion, the B. pestis may be found, but that such a result does not justify the conclusion that the disease is of septicemic nature. On the evidence such a con- clusion is quite justifiable. As to the methods, however, through which one or two plague bacilli have been demonstrated in the blood of patients suffering from bubonic plague I am unable to speak.

What is certain, however, is, that in the films prepared according to the method of Ross, and showing the presence of plague bacilli, these organisms were always present in considerable numbers. From the total number of these found in a single drop of blood, one is compelled to conclude that they must be present in great force in the general circulation. Again such organisms are present in the blood frequently previous to the development of a bubo.

Another interesting fact in connection with the septicemic nature of plague, is the presence of plague bacilli in the blood of patients who are convalescing. Such a result has been found on several occasions, and just as I write, a case of this kind has come under my notice, through Dr. KocH, the Medical Officer in charge of the Plague Hospital. The patient has passed through a severe attack of plague. He is at present convalescing, and an examination of a drop of his blood, stained with methylene blue and eosin, shows the presence of numerous typical bipolar and oval shaped plague bacilli.

From these considerations I am inclined to regard plague as a septicamic disease ab initio. The organisms multiply in the blood, they may be found in the blood at the commencement of the illness, and may even persist in the blood for an indefinite time during convalescence.

The presence of plague bacilli in the blood, previous to the development of the bubo, is of great interest in regard to the modes of entry of the organism into the human body. Such has been the results of my observations of the bubonic type of plague. It is my object now to bring forward further evidence in favour of the views just expressed. These views are, so far as I understand, original, and are stated because of the results which have been obtained and verified by inyself over and over again.

When I arrived in the Colony a little over two years ago, I met with plenty of examples of the classica! bubo in all its various situations. I was well aware of the results of the various researches into the subject, and judging from the amount of work which had already been done by many eminent bacteriologists, I did not see that much could be added to the prevailing doctrines of the pathology and bacteriology of the disease. I was cognisant of the fact that the blood had frequently been examined in all varieties of plague, and that rigid bacteriological technique had been used. Considerable quantities of the blood-5-10 c.c.-had been used for purposes of cultivation. As has already been mentioned, plague bacilli have been found in the blood of such cases, e.g., in bubonic plague, but the reports are in harmony in declaring that the bacilli found were few in number, in fact so scarce, that one, under the circumstances, is not justified in pronouncing the cases to be of a septicemic nature.

I think, however, when one finds, in a single thick drop of blood, derived of its hæmoglobin and subsequently stained, numerous oval shaped, bipolar, non- grain staining bacteria, in the earliest stage of this type of the disease, and frequently previous to the development of the actual bubo itself, we can imagine how large a number of these same micro-organisms must be present in the general circulation. In fact, in order that such a number of plague bacilli can be found in the blood, the organisms must multiply. With these facts before one, the conclusion seems justified that Bubonic Plague is in reality Septicemic Plague in which the organism reaches the general circulation to begin with, multiplies there, producing the symptoms of the disease, and that the actual bubonic manifestation is au altogether secondary development. Further there are other points in favour

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of the view that the plague bacillus is more or less constantly found in the blood in plague. Skin eruptions of various kinds are frequently met with in plague. These may be of the nature of papules, vesicles or pustules. Some of these pustu- lar forms are of such a size as to resemble boils or carbuncles. Such skin erup- tions usually appear in the following way. A small reddish or brown spot, varying in size from a pin's head to a pea, appears on the skin. It has a hot or burning feeling. The spot becomes indurated, slightly elevated, and surrounded by halo of bright red congestion. It develops into a vesicle, which also varies much in size. The contents of this are cloudy, and contain plague bacilli in considerable numbers. The vesicles soon become infected with ordinany skin micro-organisms, and the contents become pustular. The surrounding halo of congestion increases in circumference, the induration is more marked, and according to the severity of the process, the lesion may be likened to a pustule, boil or carbuncle.

Such vesicular and pustular manifestations are by no means uncommon in bubonic or other varieties of plague. The vesicles contain plague bacilli. The pustules usually contain large numbers of ordinany pyogenic cocci.

Plague bacilli which were present originally, have usually disappeared, the condition resembling that found in suppurating bubonic swellings. I regard these papular, vescicular and pustular eruptions as evidences of local growth of the B. pestis. The condition, I presume, is similar to that found in enteric fever, where the typhoid rash is the result of focal multiplication of typhoid bacilli. These erup- tions often appear scattered over the skin, and in cases where a well developed bubo is present, they have nothing to do with the point of entry of the infection. They are evidence of blood infection and support the septicamic theory of plague.

At the same time such eruptions may occasionally represent the point of inoculation of the plague virus. Cases of this are occasionally met with. An excellent instance of the occurrence of this mode of infection came before my notice about two years ago, whilst engaged with Professor SIMPSON in carrying out an experimental research into the question of the relative susceptibility of different animals to plague.

The details of the case are as follows:-A Chinese butcher was engaged by us to assist in performing the post-mortem examinations on the experimental animals which had succumbed to plague. On one occasion, a post-mortem examination was being held on a pig which had died of severe septicaemic plague. The butcher accidentally scratched the back of his right hand with the broken end of one the ribs. The injury was slight and just-tinged with blood. It was washed, sucked and disinfected. It caused him no inconvenience at the time. He discontinued the post-mortem at once. Two days later, the man complained of sickness and diarrhoea, with severe headache and general weakness. He ascribed the symptoms to malaria from which he frequently suffered. On the following day he felt hot and generally uncomfortable. The injury or scratch on the back of his right hand felt sore and burning. His right arm felt weak with shooting pains in the muscles. The scratch showed nothing particular. Very slight indura- tion was made out but this was ascribed to the effect of strong antiseptic solutions. Being suspicious of plague the man was at once isolated. Slight traces of lymph- angitis were found extending up the forearm. On the following morning a small vesicle had developed over the site of the original scratch. The surround- ing skin was red and congested and indurated. The lesion was extremely painful. The lymphangitis was more marked and had extended to the arm. The axilla was- tender, but no bubo had developed. The temperature was 102° F., the eyes congested, the tongue coated and he still complained of slight diarrhoea. The contents of the vesicle were examined bacteriologically and numerous plague bacilli found. The blood was also examined with a positive result. The man was treated in the Plague Hospital. A bubo developed in the right axilla. The original vesicle dried up under proper treatment and the lymphangitis disappeared. A few days after his admission to Hospital, several small vesicles developed on his legs.

All of these resembled the original one on the hand. All contained plague bacilli. The man presented all the symptoms and physical signs of plague in its bubonic form and died 7 days after admission of cardiac failure. Such a case is interesting from several points of view, namely:-

(a.) The exact localisation of the point of infection. (6.) The pathological lesions at the point of infection.

541

(e.) The occurrence of lymphangitis.

(d.) The demonstration of plague bacilli in the vesicle, and in the blood

24 hours later.

(e.) The late appearance of the bubo.

(f.) The occurrence of secondary vesicles, containing plague bacilli.

(g.) Noteworthy is the presence of initial symptoms pointing to an

affection of the gastro-intestinal tract.

This case is a good instance of bubonic plague with undoubted blood infec- tion. The formation of the bubo was certainly a secondary process if we consider the exact date of the onset of the illness. The bubo did not develop for several days, during which, there was headache, diarrhoea, vomiting. somnolence and plague bacilli in the primary vesicle and in the blood. Many similar instances of this were found during the epidemic of 1903. The patients came to Hospital complaining of headache, vomiting, and diarrhoea. The blood was examined for malarial parasites by the thick blood film method, but instead of these parasites, appreciable numbers of plague bacilli were found. At this time the buboes had not developed. The cases were transferred to Kennedy Town Hospital where typical bubonic manifestations showed themselves in a very short time.

Another evidence of severe blood infection in this case of bubonic plague, was the occurrence of crops of vesicles in other parts of the body, these containing plague bacilli.

The occurrence of papules, vesicles, etc. on the skin in cases of plague is of great interest from the point of view of blood infection. In the majority of cases the B. pestis can be isolated from such eruptions. Sometimes the plague bacillus is present in pure culture, but this is rare except during the initial stages of such eruptions. In the vesicular stage, the B. pestis is often mixed with staphylococci, or streptococci, and in the pustular stage, ordinary pyogenic bacteria form the majority of micro-organisms present in the pyoid discharge. The larger pustular eruptions remember one of boils or even carbuncles, but a slight acquaintance with their anatomy shows one that they are of an entirely different pathology.

Eruptions in plague vary in degree. Occasionally they are absent. Again several papules or vesicles may be present in different parts of the body. In one or two cases which have come to my notice, the vesicular eruption over the skin was most pronounced. Papules and vesicles with occasional small pustules were thickly scattered over the body. In fact in one of the cases, the eruption and especially the vesicular eruption was so pronounced, that the body looked as if small- -pox was present. An examination of the vesicles, however, showed the presence of plague bacilli. 1 find that GOTSCHLICH and ZABOLTONY have found similar cases in which varicelloid like vesicles and pustules were scattered over the whole body, and bacilli could be demonstrated in their serous content.

The

The question of the occurrence of lymphangitis is a matter of considerable dispute. Its non-occurrence in cases of bubonic plague is believed to be charac- teristic by many investigators, and special note is made of this fact by the mem- bers of the several Plague Commissions, especially by ALBRECHT and GHON. general opinion is that the B. pestis affects an entrance through the skin and travels to certain lymphatic glands by way of the lymphatic vessels. In and around these glands a bubo is developed. In no case, however, is there anything like a lymphangitis, between the point of infection and the site of the bubo.

That such a mode of infection through the skin is the common one and one which obtains in nature is by no means obvious. It is usually, in fact almost always impossible to find any evidence whatever of a point of inoculation through the skin. Again the bubo is usually developed in and around the lymphatic glands which are not in direct connection with the area of skin through which the infection is supposed to have occurred. The deep and not the superficial lympha- tic glands are usually affected, and in groin buboes, the glands situated inside the abdomen, namely, the iliac lymphatic glands, are the most severely affected and form the central core of the bubonic formation. The changes such as hæmorrhagic extravasation into the connective tissue around the glands, and the swelling, oedema, and degeneration of the glands themselves are usually much more pronounced inside the boundary of Poupart's ligament, than more distal, namely, in the inguinal and femoral groups of lymphatic glands.

542

Again in such cases where a definite point of inoculation was found in the skin, a certain amount of lymphangitis was always present. In the case already detailed, it was present to a marked degree. In others, I have found it equally well pronounced. The exact etiology of this lymphangitis has not been determined. Whether it is the direct result of the B. pestis by itself or due to other micro-orga- nisms, e.g., the streptococcus, acting alone or in conjunction with the plague bacillus, I have found difficult to determine.

The fact that this lymphangitis is present in cases in which a definite point of inoculation is present, makes one sceptical as to the occurrence of infection through the skin. Further details in regard to this question will be given under the pathological section of this research.

It may be as well to mention incidentally at this point, that in the post- mortem room, I have constantly found the B. pestis in the heart blood and spleen in cases of bubonic plague. It is generally acknowledged that during the period immediately before death, the organisms swarm into the blood stream.

}

In connection with the actual bubonic swellings themselves, it would appear to be of importance to determine what part the B. pestis actually takes in their formation. We have to consider, whether the B. pestis in pure culture produces the typical pathological lesion, or whether such buboes are the result of the growth of the plague bacillus plus pyogenic bacteria, the latter by their more active growth eventually causing a disappearance of the B. pestis itself.

Another important type of plague is what is known as Plague Pneumonia or lung pest. It's occurrence is subject to much variation. It may form the chief variety met with during an epidemic; at other times it is almost entirely absent. Again it may be the type of plague most frequently found at the commencement of an epidemic, or be more or less incidentally met with throughout the whole duration of the epidemic. Its frequency and appearance is therefore subject to considerable variation. The reasons for this, are by no means obvious. This however may be said, that outbreaks of this type of the disease are usually fol- lowed by severe and very fatal epidemics, and a good instance of this is found in the well known Black Death, an epidemic in which this type of the disease made felt its utmost severity.

The prevalence of pneumonic plague in Hongkong has fortunately not been marked. It has been met with chiefly in young children.

The point requiring discussion at present is the nature of this pneumonic process. What constitutes primary and secondary pneumonia? That the B. pes- tis is able to set up à condition resembling pneumonia, may be said to be firmly established through the observations of CHILDE and others in Bombay and other parts of India.

In my opinion these pneumonias are either primary or secondary. Primary pneumonic plague is a pathological condition set up in the lungs as a result of direct inhalation of the B. pestis. Secondary pneumonic plague is merely one of the many manifestations of septicamic plague. In fact buboes and pneumonia may be present together in a septicamic case of plague.

It would appear that the pneumonias met with in Hongkong are secondary to blood infection. In the cases which occurred during the epidemic of 1903, the blood was examined during the early stages of the disease and plague bacilli were found.

So far as primary plague pneumonia is concerned are we to regard this dis- ease as due to the produce of plague bacilli in the lungs alone, or does a certain degree of blood infection occur at the same time? In the light of most modern bacteriological research, we are bound to admit that in such cases, blood infection does occur.

Reviewing the whole question of plague from a clinical and bacteriological standpoint we are reduced to two main types of the disease, namely:-

1. Plague septicemia.

2. Prmiary plaque pneumonia.

543

In plague septicemia, bubonic and pneumonic manifestations are frequently met with.

In primary plague pneumonia, these complications rarely if ever occur. This disease, however, is accompanied by a certain amount of blood infection and be- comes septicæmic before death.

Primary plague pneumonias are usually fatal. Plague septicemias are not so lethal.

Considering the question of infection in plague froin many points of view. there is much evidence in favour of the following:

Plague septicæmias are occasioned in the majority of cases by infection through the gastro-intestinal tract. Rarely the infection effects an entry through a breach of continuity of the skin.

Primary plague pneumonias are caused by "drop infection" direct,

the B. pestis being inhaled.

On studying various epidemics of plague one is bound to be struck by the prevalence, during certain outbreaks of one particular variety of the disease. For instance, the pneumonic variety may predominate in one epidemic, the bubonic in another, or epidemics may be met with in which septicæmic cases are most abundant. Again a frequent combination is the predominauce of septicæmic cases and cases with bubonic swellings, over pneumonic cases. We have, there- fore:- *

1. Epidemics of primary pneumonic plague.

2. Epidemics of prevailing septicamic plague.

3. Epidemics of prevailing septicamic plague with bubonic enlargements. 4. Mixed plague epidemics.

The factors upon which such outbreaks depend are by no means obvious. One is almost certain, from many points of view, that outbreaks of primary pneumonic plague, depend upon infection with a strain of B. pestis of extremely high virulence. During severe epidemics of primary pneumonic plague we find the plague bacillus fortified to the greatest degree of its pathogenicity.

An explanation of the occurrence of septicemic plagues with their various complications is difficult to give. Judging from what obtains in the case of the pathogenic actions of other micro-organisms, one is led to believe that the strain of the B. pestis calling forth pure uncomplicated septicemias is of higher viru- lence than the strain which not only calls forth a septicemia but gives rise to complications such as buboes and secondary pneumonias. The higher the viru- lence of the septicemia producing micro-organism the quicker is the fatal issue.

Before leaving the subject of pneumonic plague an important point must be mentioned. Plague pneumonia may occur alone, or it may be accompained by the formation of buboes in different parts of the body. There does not appear to be much connection between the occurrence of the pneumonia and the site of the buboes. In connection with this subject VOGES reports a most interesting case of plague in which a combination of the different types of the disease was met with at one and the same period of the disease. This case began with pains in the neck, accompanied by redness in the fauces. Plague bacilli are said to have been found in great numbers in the mucus of the throat. For the first three days there was fever with other indefinite prodromata; then there developed a typical case of plague with buboes, pneumonia and what he calls septicamia.

This case falls in with the views which I have brought forward. The case was septicemic and buboes were present. Had buboes been absent, the case would have been an excellent example of septicemia due to the B. pestis with pneumonia as a complication.

Again the presence of pre-existing disease, e.g., tuberculosis, in the lungs of an individual suffering from septicemic plague, predisposes towards the occur- rence of secondary pneumonia. The plague bacillus finds a more favourable nidus for its development.

These views which I have expressed are original and somewhat in opposition. to the general consensus of opinion. I venture to put then forward, in the hope

544

that other observers will enquire carefully into the subject from the points of view of symptomatology, bateriology and the general factors involved in the question of infection. In the plague bacillus, we have before us an organisin which pro- duces pronounced lesions in the body, and these are of a very definite character. These are of the nature of congestions, cedeinas, hæmorrhagic extravasations and the like, into the various organs and tissues of man and animals. Its action aptly compared to that of other micro-organisms producing similar diseases in oxen, sheep, swine, etc.

may be

My researches lead me to conclude, in agreement with BrTTER, that the B. pestis is an organism belonging to the septiccenic group of bacteria, the chief powers of which lie in their multiplication in the blood stream, and by so doing, they call forth degenerative changes in the organs and tissues, leading to the occurrence of widespread simple ecchymoses or large blood extravasations.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Relations existing between the Different Types of Plague.

The percentage comparison of the frequency of the different types of plague during the epidemics of 1902 and 1903 is the following:-

Type.

Septicæmic,

Bubonic,

Pneumonic,

....

1902.

45%.

.53%.

1903.

.37%.

..58%.

5%.

The relative frequency of the different types of plague at different times. during the epidemic may be expressed as follows: --

1902.

1903.

Septicamic.

Bubonic. Pneumonic,

Septicæmic.

Bubonic.

Pueumonic.

January,

...

February,

...

March,

...

April,

119

May,

102

243

June.

100

July,

August.

September,

October.

}

...

November.

December.

204

252

339

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From the course of the 1902 epidemic, the following conclusions are drawn :--

(1.) The epidemic started with septicemic plague.

(2.) The epidemic finished with septicæmic plague.

(3.) The bubonic variety of the disease was prevalent only during the

height of the epidemic.

(4.) The pneumonic variety of plague was most frequent during the

middle of the epidemic.

From this table, it is evident that septicemic plague was most pronounced throughout the whole epidemic. It was only after the establishment of the disease that complications, such as bubonic swellings and secondary lung manifestations became pronounced. Few, if any, cases of primary pneumonic plague were found.

The conclusions to be drawn from the epidemic of 1903, are the following:-

(1.) The epidemic started with septicamic plague,

(2.) Bubonic plague was also present in equal numbers at the com-

mencement of the epidemic.

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(3.) The epidemic finished with septicæmic plague.

(4.) The bubonic variety of the disease only became pronounced at the

height of the epidemic.

(5.) The pneumonic variety followed the course of the bubonic type. From this epidemic, the experience in regard to the prevalence of the different types of the disease, is almost identical with that found during 1902. The start and finish of the epidemic with uncomplicated septicemic cases of the disease, and the appearance of bubonic swellings and lung complications, during the height of the epidemic, would appear to be of considerable importance in regard to the exact nature of the infection. The course of these epidemics is, in my opinion, additional evidence in favour of the view which I have put forward, namely, that plague is, ab initio, a disease of a septicæmic nature.

In both epidemics, septicæmic plague is first in the field, increases proportion- ately during the course of the epidemic, and closes up the rear. The bubonic and pneumonic manifestations are met with in considerable numbers, only after the establishment of uncomplicated cases of plague septicæmia.

Sex Incidence in Plague.

Both sexes would appear to be equally affected.

Age Incidence in Plague.

The disease is most frequently found between the ages of 20 and 40.

Infants and children would appear to suffer more frequently from plague, than is generally supposed. According to LowSON, AOYAMA, and others, infantile plague is rare. My results show that during plague epidemics, the disease figures largely as a cause of death in children under 5 years of age.

The following figures may be of interest, representing the results obtained after performing 812 post-mortem examinatious on children under 5 years of age:-

Septicæmic Plague,

Bubonic Plague,

Pneumonic Plague,

Under 2 years.

Over 2 years and under 5 years of age.

14.

These figures permit of the following conclusions:--

(1.) Children under two years of age, most frequently contract plague

in the uncomplicated septicemic form.

(2.) The bubonic and pneumonic varieties of the disease are rare in

children under 2 years of age.

(3.) All types of plague are more frequent in children over two and

under five years of age.

(4.) Lung forms of plague are more common in children over 2 and under five years of age. In fact my figures show that over 40% of the total number of pneumonic varieties of plague, occurred in childen under five years of age.

Occupation Incidence in Plague.

In past epidemics, it has been extremely difficult to obtain any accurate. information in regard to this subject. The " dumping " of dead bodies has a great deal to do with this difficulty.

It is known that medical men, nurses, attendants on plague patients, and members of different plague staffs, rarely contract the disease.

Coolies, cooks, hawkers, married women, mill workers, and domestic servants account for a large number of the cases.

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So far, however, little can be said in regard to occupation incidence. The Indian Plague Commission of 1901 came to the conclusion, that the incidence of plague is not dependent on trade or occupation.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

Pathological Anatomy.

During the past two years, nearly 1,500 post-mortem examinations have been held upon plague corpses. in almost every case, the body was thoroughly examined for lesions due to the action of the B. pestis. By this routine method, a number of interesting facts regarding the pathology of plague has been ascertained. All types of the disease have been examined; a goodly number of children were also dissected and the lesions in them compared with those met with in adults. Many of the females examined were pregnant, others had aborted just before death. In such cases, the contents of the uterus was inspected for the presence of charac- teristic plague lesions.

In the majority of cases, a history of the cases brought for post-mortemn examination was not ascertainable. This was due to the fact that most of the bodies were found, either in deserted honses, streets, the harbour, or the hill sides. Most plague bodies show a considerable amount of bluish discolouration. This develops to its greatest degree from 6 to 12 hours after death. It is well marked on all dependent parts, but occasionally is found more or less all over the body, and especially on the face, scalp, neck and shoulders. This discolouration of the skin is a marked condition in plague, and in plague infected areas; such an appearance of a body ought to raise suspicion as to the existence of the disease. The appearance is by no means confined to plague. It may be met with in malaria, beri-beri, etc., but is never so pronounced. It is one of the signs relied upon by the advocates of simple corpse inspection and is of use to those who are engaged in superficially examining cases of uncertified death, and who have in many instances to give what must be regarded from a professional point of view an unscientific opinion. The determination of the cause of death by such corpse inspection is in many cases directly opposed to the principles and practice of medicine. The only thing which can be allowed for corpse inspection, is the hint occasionally given by such a "viewing of the body" as to the advisability of order- ing a necropsy in order to place the diagnosis of plague upon an irrefutable positive or negative basis. In Western countries, corpse inspection ought to be completely supplanted by post-mortem examination. In the Orient, on the other hand, a certain amount of licence must be allowed in medicine owing to native prejudice.

Rigor mortis does not set in early in plague. In may be completely absent. The majority of cases of plague occur in well nourished individuals. Emaciation is not a characteristic post-mortem appearance. Opinious appear to vary as to the rate of decomposition of plague corpses. WILM notes in his Report that "there was no marked tendency to decomposition." This is not my experience. Changes rapidly set in amongst the abdominal viscera, and the body quickly becomes discoloured. A good deal, however, depends upon the time of the year when the necropsy is performed. During the hotter seasons in Hongkong, post-mortems on plague bodies have to be held within 12 hours, if reliable results are to be obtained in regard to the pathological appearances of the organs and tissues.

Other factors of importance are the conditions of the body as to nourishment, fat, etc., the age of the individual, the presence of certain micro-organisms which produce rapid putrefaction. The condition known as "foaming organs is one which I have found frequently at the Public Mortuary. This condition is caused by the Bacillus ærogenes capsulatus of WELCH. During the hot seasons of the year, this organism plays great havoc with much of the interesting pathological material at the Mortuary. So rapid is its effects on the organs and tissues, that the delay of 6 to 10 hours in per- forming the autopsy may render a correct diagnosis almost impossible. I have known of bodies, still warm, having been brought to the Public Mortuary from the Tung Wah Hospital for examination at 10 a.m. and by 5 p.m. the corpse was

547

blown up, putrefactively discoloured, and unfit for dissection. This being so, it is now my practice during plague epidemics to have all bodies, which are in the Mortuary at 5 p.m., examined before finishing the day's work.

The skin is normal in some cases. Eruptions may be present or absent. close inspection a few small petechia are usually found. These are most fre- quently met with about the groin and anus, the axillæ, the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, nose, the conjunctiva. Plague bacilli have been isolated from such petechiæ, showing their origin to be due to a local growth of the causal agent.

On the other hand, one frequently comes across spots of quite a different origin. These are usually bright red in colour. They vary in size from a pin's head to a pea. Considerable numbers of these may be present. The whole body may be covered with them. Usually, however. the exposed parts of the skin show them in greatest profusion. The face, neck, anus, hands, legs and feet are "spotted." These spots would appear to have nothing to do with the disease directly. Like most observers, I am of opinion, that they are due to the bites of insects, e.g., flies. In plague, a general degeneration of the tissues takes place. and the virus actively produces extreme degeneration of the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. The capillary walls therefore are in a degenerated condition, accounting for the occurrence of hæmorrhages. With such a condition as this present, the bites of insects, slight blows, punctures made by needles, etc., are much more liable to leave their mark by the occurrence of slight or more or less extensive hæmorrhage into the skin and adjacent connective tissue.

In addition to those already mentioned one frequently comes across cases presenting definite skin lesions. These are of a varying nature, papules, vesicles and pustules are met with together in the same case. These pustules may be large in size and resemble boils or carbuncles. These eruptions are found in all the so-called different types of plague. The vesicular and pustular forms of skin lesion are most frequently present.

In one case which was examined post-mortem, an extensive vesicular erup- tion was scattered over the body. A few papules were also present. Some of the vesicles had already developed into pustules. There was no eruption on the palms of the hand or soles of the feet. The eruption was most extensively found on the extensor aspects of the extremities. On superficial examination, the case was thought to be small-pox. A bubo was present in the right groin, containing numerous plague bacilli. Numerous plague bacilli were found in many of the vesicles. For details of this case, vide Case No. I.

In other two cases, the point of inoculation was found, and extending from this, there was slight lymphangitis. Along the course of the latter, secondary vesicles had developed. A bubo was found in the axilla. Vide Cases Nos. II and III.

True carbuncles aud boils have not been found. They are simply exaggera- ted pustules. I am in agreement with Lowson who denies the existence of these lesions in plague. They may occur during convalescence as a result of the debili- tated condition of the patient. If they do, they have no connection with plague. but are set up by infection with ordinary pyogenic bacteria.

On cutting open a plague corpse, the first thing which strikes the eye, is the congestion of the subcutaneous tissues. If the body be still warm, blood will be found to well out from the numerous arterioles and capillaries. The tissues them- selves have a bluish appearance, and on closer examination, a perfect net work of engorged capillaries can be seen. Such an appearance is general over the whole body. Extravasations of blood, small and large, are also found in the subcutaneous connective tissue. In one case a very diffuse hæmorrhagic extravasation was found extending over the lower half of the anterior abdominal wall. Vide Case No. IV. On dissecting the muscles, one finds evidence of marked degeneration in these tissues. The colour of the muscles is changed to a greyish yellow, they have a dull lustre. Teased muscle preparations show the presence of granular degenera- tion. In other cases, there is marked fatty degeneration as evidenced by the reactions obtained with oxalic acid and Sudan III.

548

A description of bubonic swellings, their origin, nature, and an interpretation of their formation. is reserved for a special chapter. On exposing the thoracic ca- vity and throwing back the sternum with its costal attachments, another point strikes one, namely, the presence of marked capillary congestion around the ribs and costal cartilages, specially on their inner surfaces. Again the post-sternal connective tissue shows a perfect network of injected blood vessels. Occasionally diffuse hæmorrhages are found occupying the spaces of this areolar tissue.

The pericardial sac is of a reddish blue colour. The parietal layer is studded with engorged vessels ramifying in all directions. In the majority of cases, apart from the presence of hæmorrhage of varying size, the pericardium is normal. Rarely, however, inflammation of the sac is found. Two such cases have come under my notice. In both acute pericarditis was present. The inflammation was hæmorrhagic in type. Plague bacilli were found in the fluid, along with pneu- mococci and streptococci. Vide Cases V and VI. The presence of this condition of hæmorrhagic pericarditis in plague is, I believe, very rare, such an inflammation is more commonly met with in tubercular and malignant disease or in cases where there is extreme cachexia.

The visceral pericardium resembled the parietal layer. Hæmorrhages were more frequent, especially over the posterior surfaces of the heart, along the coronary vessels, over the auricles, and about the entrances of the pulmonary veins. Sometimes large crops of such petechia would be found. The pericardial sac always contained a small quantily of serous fluid, which was almost always blood stained.

The actual state of the heart varies. In some cases the whole organ is flabby, with little evidence of post-mortem muscular contraction. In others the left ventricle is found firmly contracted with a flabby and dilated condition of the right sided cavity. In a few cases in which plague complicated beri-beri, the heart was of enormons size. It was what one night term a "Bullock's Heart." Large hearts are well known in beri-beri.

On opening the heart, it is usually found to contain a large quantity of dark, thick, non-coagulated blood. This blood does not tend to coagulate after its with- drawal from the body. This probably depends upon the admixture of the blood with the poisons elaborated by the specific virus.

Ante-mortem blood clots are frequently found, especially on the right side of

the heart.

The endocardium is frequently normal in appearance excepting the presence of small hæmorrliages. These are mostly found in the ventricles, and about the valvular openings. These petechiæ are found as

These petechiæ are found as frequently on the left as on the right side of the heart.

Valvular lesions were sometimes met with. In all probability they had nothing to do with the disease.

The myocardium was always found in a condition of degeneration. It was frequently congested with cloudy areas of degeneration, scattered throughout its substance. In other cases the musculature was brownish red in colour and dry. Punctiform petechia are often found between the muscular fibres. Actual myocarditis has never been found. In general, the venous circulation was found in a condition of engorgement. Small petechia were frequently found on the inner walls of the arteries and veins.

In all cases of plague, more or less extensive circulatory disturbances are found about the pharynx, larynx, trachea and esophagus.

The pharynx is often hyperamic and œdematous. Likewise the tonsils often show great swelling, and on section, occasional hæmorrhages are found in the lymphoid tissue. In certain cases the changes in the tonsils resemble that found in an ordinary bubo. Extravasation of blood, edema, inflamination, and necroses may be found present. Plague bacilli are found in great numbers in such tonsils. These cases lead one to believe that, in certain instances, the virus may gain an entrance to the blood stream through this channel.

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The epiglottis usually hyperæmic and edematous. The mucous membrane of the entire larynx, is found in a similar condition. The submucous connective tissue is usually edematous, and such continues from the larynx upwards to the pharynx and again to the capsule of the thyroid gland. The trachea and bronch are also found congested, and on the mucous membrane, a thick, greyish yellow secretion is found. This is often blood stained.

Plague bacilli can frequently be found in the secretion present on the mucous membrane. The smaller bronchi and bronchioles are usually much congested and oedematous. The pleural cavities frequently contain a small quantity of serous fluid. It may be blood stained. The pleura itself is usually in a condition of congestion, and petechiæ are almost always present in varying number.

The lungs, on opening the chest only partially collapse. They are usually vesicular throughout. On section, they are found congested, and dark, thick, tarry looking blood wells out of the cut ends of the pulmonary vessels. Edema of

the lung tissue is frequently found. In cases associated with beri-beri this œdema is extreme, and on section, there flows from the cut surfaces a considerable amount of frothy, red serous fluid. The posterior parts of the lung tissue, is more solid and frequently sinks when placed in water. The condition is not pneumonia, but simply to the gravitation of blood to the most dependent parts of the organ.

Occasionally one finds small areas of hæmorrhage scattered throughout the lung tissue. These can be seen previous to section of the organ. Many look like pulmonary apoplexy. Infarctions are also found. In plague, the occurrence of metastases in the lungs is common. Although plague pneumonia in its various forms is discussed freely, yet it is difficult even at the present day to find a clear account of the exact pathological processes at work in the production of such a condition. Mention is made in various treatises dealing with plague as to the presence of consolidated areas in the lung. These may be lobar or lobular. Pleurisy accompanies the process. The symptoms during life are those of pneu- monia and enormous hoards of plague bacilli are found in the sputum.

In discussing the presence and mode of formation of pneumonic areas in the lungs in plague, we have to determine the following: The type or types of pneumonia present, the distribution of the areas of consolidation in the lungs, the histological appearances of such consolidated areas, the part played by the plague bacillus in the production of the pneumonia, and the possibility of the origin of such a process being accelerated through the presence of other micro-organisations. These and other factors must be considered in regard to plague pneumonia.

So far as my experience goes, I believe that there exists two main forms of consolidation of lung tissue in plague.

One of these is undoubtedly a pneumonic process, namely, primary pneumonic plague. The second is a form of patchy consolidation occurring as a complication of ordinary septicemic plague.

In the former the virus reaches the lung by way of the respiratory tract. In the latter, the infection is through the blood.

Pri-

Primary pneumonic plague is comparable to an influenzal pneumonia. The B. pestis takes the same share in the production of this pneumonic plague, as the B. influenzæ takes in the production of influenza pneumonia. Both these pneu- nonias are extremely fatal, primary plague pneumonia being especially so. mary plague pneumonia usually is lobar in distribution. It may be occasionally lobular. The consolidation is complete, accompanied by lesions of the overlying pleura and the production of large quantities of fibrin, in the meshes of which enormous collections of red blood corpuscles are found, the condition is virtually a hæmorrhage into the alveoli of a lobe or lobule of the lung. The intensity of the alveolar changes are much greater than ever seen in pneumonia due to the pneumococcus. So great are these changes produced by the growth of the B. pestis in the alveoli, that a recovery is, in almost all cases, not to be entertained.

This form of plague pneumonia is not common in Hongkong.

The part played by other micro-organisms in its production is difficult to determine. Pneumococci and streptococci are almost always present with the B. pestis in the sputum. The subject of mixed infection audits action on the

550

lung tissue is a difficult subject and so far an extremely unsatisfactory one. primary plague pneumonia, the B. pestis may be found in the blood stream. The condition is not septicemia. There is no evidence of the multiplication of the organism. Before death, on the other hand, similar to what occurs in other diseases, the blood swarms with the causal agents of the disease. Primary plague pneumonia would appear therefore to be something entirely different to the other form, presently to be described. In my opinion, it is the only true form of pneumonia (strictu sensu) found in plague. All other consolidations of lung Tissue occurring during an attack of plague do not appear

appear from

from my

investi- gations to be pneumonias as we at present understand, but of a very different nature. The second type of pneumonia, or what would better be termed, areas of consolidated lung tissue, would appear to be distinct from primary pneumonic plague. In fact my own researches seem to show, that such areas of consolidation are in reality not areas of pneumonia. The type of pathological change met with is not comparable to true pneumonia. It is not definitely acutely fibrinous, or acutely catarrhal in type and would not appear to pass through the definite series of changes usually found in the now well recognised pneumonic diseases of the Jung. The areas of consolidated lung tissue in this second type, are usually mul- tiple. Rarely they are single in the lung. They vary in size and distribution. Neither a lobular or lobar distribution is met with. They occur erratically. They occur as frequently subpleural as in the central lung tissue.

The solid areas appear

largely composed of extravasated blood in and around portions of the lung. Indefinite numbers of alveoli are included in the mass. There is not much evidence of participation of the actual cells, wall of the alveoli, and included connective tissue in the production of the lesion. The areas appear to increase in size by peripheral extension of the hæmorrhagic infiltration. The more centrally situated areas apparently undergo necrosis.

I am inclined to the opinion that these so called secondary pneumonias, or the areas of consolidation of the lung, are in reality instances of what is known as pulmonary apoplexy or infarction. This is all the more likely when we remember that the action of the plague virus is severe on the circulatory apparatus inducing degeneration of the vessel walls, with the occurrence of multiple hæmorrhagic

extravasations.

This form of pest pneumonia, as it is called, is the result of blood infection. My researches in regard to this point are in accordance with those of WILM and the conceptions of GAFFKY.

In support of the foregoing, the occurrence of infective emboli with the production of metastaxis is well known in plague.

In such cases plague bacilli are present in hoards in the sputum.

It may be difficult in the absence of any definite previous history of the patient to say clinically, what particular type of consolidation is present.

Such areas of consolidation in the lung, account for many cases returned as plague pneumonia. It may set in during the early stages of the disease and be regarded as true pneumonic plague. Clinically, therefore, a diagnosis between primary pneumonic plague and these consolidated areas in the lung, may be almost impossible. Post-mortem, however, the anatomical relations of the pathological process determine the exact nature of the disease.

Such cases of so called pneumonia as a type of septicæmic plague, would not appear to be so lethal as cases of primary pneumonic plague.

The bronchial glands are occasionally enlarged. Petechia may be found present. The mediastinal glands show practically the same. Both series are usually deeply pigmented. Edema is another factor common to both. In one case in which multiple buboes were present, a distinct bubonic like mass was found in and around the superior mediastinal lymphatic glands. Vide Casé No. VII.

Lastly the thymus gland in children is often much enlarged and congested. Petechia may be found scattered throughout its substance. The normal milky fluid of the organ is much increased in amount, and must not be mistaken for pus which it resembles.

;

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The condition of affairs met with in the alimentary canal in plague has been the subject of considerable dispute. Some observers state definitely that the digestive tract in this disease presents nothing of any great pathological importance. Other investigators, however, attach considerable weight to the presence of certain alimentary lesions, regard the changes present as more or less constant, but beyond this see no reason to ascribe to this system more than its participation as well as other organs in the series of general pathological phenomena of plague.

Few, if any, plague experts have brought the gastro-intestinal tract into relationship with the avenue of plague infection. The general consensus of opinion is against food infection and food conveyance as factors of importance in the spread of the disease. The weight attached to the inoculation method of infection has more or less swamped other possible channels of conveyance of the disease, so that the latter have almost entirely been disregarded by those supposed to be measuring out careful and well grounded scientific principles and prophylaxis of plague. WILM is almost the only observer who has brought forward the view that the alimentary canal is an important channel through which plague infection occurs. The evidence which he adduces is strongly in favour of such a mode of infection. Little importance seems to have been attached to the results which he obtained, results which are still considered by sientific congresses to be of great value, and requiring confirmation.

After a careful perusal of the results obtained by the various Plague Com- missions, amongst which one finds ample evidence of considerable pathological change in the alimentary canal, it is surprising that so little weight has been attached to these. My own results, coupled with the careful consideration of the clinical aspect of plague as well as the result of experimental research, e.g., insect spread of the disease, infected food, etc., have led me to the belief that from the point of view of plague prophylaxis the gastro-intestinal tract and what is administered to it, are of the highest importance,

The alimentary canal shows more or less always definite evidence of patho- logical change. In some cases, the lesions present may be slight, but in others, they are severe. In another part of this research, it has been shown, that symp- toms such as diarrhoea and vomiting, referrable to some morbid condition of the gastro-intestinal tract, are present during the initial stages of all varieties of plague septicæmia. These may be present only during the early part of the disease, but frequently one finds a persistence of some alimentary symptom, particularly a con- tinuance of diarrhoea.

The following is a brief account of the results of my post-mortem examina- tions.

The mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx is conjested, and frequently petechiæ are present. The condition of the tongue has already been given (Vide Symptoms).

The esophagus is usually hyperamic. Edema is also a frequent manifes- tation, and is often accompanied by scattered hæmorrhagic extravasations. The latter are most numerous near the opening of the tube into the stomach. cardiac end of the oesophagus is frequently surrounded with blood extravasation.

The

The stomach is usually hyperdemic, and petechiæ are scattered more or less generally throughout its walls. (Edema is frequent. The congestion and hæmor- rhages are especially well marked about the apices of the folds of the mucous membrane.

All the changes found in the stomach, are usually most severe, at the cardiac end, the lesser curvature, and the pyloric aperture. Hæmorrhages of considerable size are occasionally found. Some of these may be present in the fundus, as large as a dollar piece.

The vessels in the stomach wall, and particularly the veins are usually found distended with blood.

Ulceration has also been found. It is rare however. The ulcers. if found. are small in size, varying from a pin's head to a pea, and arise in connection with foci of hæmorrhage. This condition is quite uncommon, and much of the ulcerat- ed appearance is, on closer examination, produced by post-mortem digestion, the results of which are apt to lead one astray.

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The appearance of the stomach in cases of plague has been admirably given by Captain JAMES, I. M. S., in a Report on Plague, published in 1897.

I agree with the statements made, that in certain cases, the appearance of the mucous membrane of this viscus may approach that of the rash seen on the skin in a severe case of purpura.

The condition of the small intestine is similar to that found in the stomach.

The changes met with are more severe. Edema of certain parts is extreme, and petechial hæmorrhages are also found, particularly about the ileum. These are formed in connection with blood extravasations. They vary much in size. They are irregular in shape and apparently occasionally coalesce. They do not penetrate deeply. The early stages of these ulcers are represented by small areas of necroses in the mucous membrane. Such seem to slough and leave an excavated surface.

In many cases the areas of necrotic mucous membrane, which may be pin head in size, may be present without actual ulceration.

Again other cases are met with in which there is nothing present beyond extreme hyperemia and numerous petechiæ.

Pyer's patches and the solitary follicles also participate in the changes. These elements are swollen and may be hæmorrhagic. In the region of Bauhini's. valve the intestinal changes are usually most marked. The solitary follicles are swollen, look like granules of sago, with a deeply pigmented centre.

Apart from the condition of the mucous membrane the appearance of the peri- toneal surface of the intestines is that of hyperæmia. The colour varies from a bright red to a dark reddish blue.

The various coats of the intestine are thickened, soft, and often oedematous. Beautifully marked capillary injection is seen through the peritoneal lining, passing towards the mesentery.

The contents of the intestine are soft and bile stained. They are very tenacious, and stick firmly to the mucous membrane. They may be blood stained and tarry looking. The microscopical examination of several parts of

There is evidence of inflammatory

the small intestine has been undertaken.

change extending through the wall of the gut.

The condition of the cœcum resembles that of the ileum.

In the large intestine the changes are less severe, occasionally large flat subserrous hæmorrhages are found.

The liver is increased in size and weight. Its consistence is firm and capsule is stretched and shows the congested pareuchyma shining through it. Hæmorrhages are occasionally met with in the capsule. On section the organ drips with blood. The general colour of the cut surface is dark red, and frequently after thorough washing, small greyish-white areas can be seen. These are soft, and never much larger than a pea. Occasionally they are hæmorrhagic. Extravasations of blood, small and large, may be found scattered about the organ. These grey foci have been examined microscopically. These areas are found chiefly in the portal vein zone of the lobule. They are composed of necrotic tissue and in many cases, bacilli. identical with plague bacilli, were found lying in the debris. That plague bacilli are actually found in the situations has been accurately determined by cultural methods. The condition resembles that found in the liver in cases of enteric fever. Hæmorrhages may be found in the coronary ligament.

The gall bladder is usually distended with bile. soft, and oedematous and small blood extravasations the wall. The bile is thick and very tenacious. isolated in pure culture from this viscus.

The walls are thickened. are seen shining through Plague bacilli have been

The spleen is almost always congested. On section blood flows freely from the cut surfaces. Plague bacilli are demonstrable in all cases. Little can be said as regards the size and general structure of the organ, owing to the almost constant presence of changes referrable to other causes, e g., malaria, beri-beri, etc. In what may be regarded as spleens of normal size, the pulp is soft. The follicles are usually plainly marked. Hemorrhages of ranging size are often found beneath the capsule and into the parenchyma. Infarcted areas have also been seen. The parenchyma

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decomposes rapidly. The kidneys are increased in size and weight. The capsule is tense. It cau be easily detached. Marked capillary injection is seen shining through the capsule. The cut surface is dark red in colour. The hyperæmia is most marked in the medullary portion. A condition of acute parenchymatous nephritis is frequently present. The pelvic mucous membrane shows marked capillary congestion and may show a few petechia. The ureters are thickened and often oedematous. Petechia are found in the mucous membrane. The bladder, apart from the presence of a few hæmorrhages, may be normal. In other cases the mucous membrane is hyperæmic.

The suprarenals are congested, but otherwise normal. The male genital organs are normal. Hyperæmia and petechiæ are found frequently in the testicles. In buboes situated about the groin, the hæmorrhagic extravasation may extend along the vas deferens to the epididymnis and testicles. The scrotal connective tissue may

also be infiltrated with extravasated blood.

The female genital organs vary in appearance and in the extent of pathological change. The appearance presented by the peritonieal surfaces of the organs is one of congestion with hæmorrhagic extravasation. Hæmorrhages between the layers of the broad ligament are common. The ovaries are congested. The graafian follicles frequently contain extravasated blood. Petechiae are found on the surface of the body of the uterus. The endometrium is congested, with frequent epithelial degeneration and hæmorrhages. Petechiae may also be found in the vaginal wall. The vulva may be the seat of a dense infiltration of extravasated blood, the condition being an extension of the condition found in a neighbouring groin bubo.

The urine is albuminous. It contains usually varying amounts of blood. Its specific gravity is low. The chlorides are diminished. Indican is usually present, and in the sediment, leucocytes, red blood corpuscles and various varieties of casts are found. The B. pestis is frequently to be found in the urine.

The pancreas is congested. Hæmorrhagic extravasations are frequent about the head of the organ. This organ rapidly decomposes in cases of plague. The peritoneum is usually moist and shiny. The cavity contains a variable amount of yellow and turbid serum. Small petechiae may also be present. In many cases in which bubonic-like swellings are present in the mesentery and in the external iliac lymphatic gland region. The retroperitoneal glands, the ductus lymphaticus with the cystema chyli are embedded in a soft hæmorrhagic mass. This infiltration extends in all directions, but is specially upwards to the portal vein and to the capsule of the kidneys. Further details in regard to these intra- abdominal extensions of bubonic swellings will be given under the subject of Buboes. The mesentery is a frequent site for the presence of hæmorrhages. These are often very extensive. In one or two cases, almost the entire mesentery was extravasated with blood. The folds of the mesentery are also soft, and œdema- tous. The contained lymphatic glands are enlarged and hæmorrhagic. The lymphatic glands standing in relation to the ileum and coccum are always most affected. These are frequently double their ordinary size and on section are edematous with minute blood extravasations into their parenchyma.

The glands may be embedded in a hard, thickened mass of hæmorrhagic and present on section areas of hamorrhage, necrosis, etc. These are typical bubonic formations. Several cases of this bubonic formation have been found. Vide Cases Nos. VIII, XI, X. The ordinary pathological appearances of the mesentery in cases of plague are fully described by WILM. My own results are more or less in harmony.

The central nervous system is generally very congested. Hæmorrhages are present throughout. In a considerable number of cases of plague in females, abortion had occurred. The foetus and placenta was examined in every case. Plague bacilli have been found in the placenta, but never in the umbelical cord or foetus. The tissues of the latter are similary affected. Hæmorrhages are frequent. The placenta appears to present an absolute barrier to the B. pestis. The poisons produced by the organism, however, are conveyed to the foetus, calling forth in the organs of the latter, pathological changes similar to those found in ordinary cases of pest.

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The pathological changes found in plague may be summed up as follows :—

1. General congestion and hyperæmia.

2. Widespread hæmorrhagic extravasation.

3. Marked glandular enlargement, edema and hæmorrhage.

4. General granular degeneration of all organs and tissues.

I know of no other infective disease in man with pathological features like plague. In animals, various septic diseases produce almost identical post-mortem appearances. The pathological appearances of the tissues of persons who have succumbed to the venom of certain species of snakes, resemble somewhat those met with in plague.

Case No. 1.-An adult male Chinese, æt. 25, brought to the Public Mortuary for examination. The body was found in a deserted house. The corpse was that of a'well nourished man. The skin had the cyanosed appearance met with in plague. On superficial examination, the case looked like one of small-pox, vesicles and pustules being scattered over the face, shoulders, anus, body, and legs. It is not my custom to perform a necropsy on the majority of small-pox cases. They are merely examined superficially in order to determine the diagnosis. On this particular occasion, I remember that the Caretaker of the Mortuary, who has had a large experience in this line, pointed the case out to me as one of small-pox. An eruption covered the skin. Papules, vesicles, and pustules were present side by side. They were numerous over the neck, back, shoulders, back of arms, ventral surface of the abdomen, the extensor surfaces of the thigh and the buttocks.

The papules were fewest in number. They were small, never larger than a pea, raised above the general surface of the skin, and surrounded by extravasated blood.

The vesicles varied in size, they were occasionally umbelicated, apparently ran together, contained turbid serum containing a few plague bacilli and were also surrounded by a discoloured area of skin due to blood extravasation. The pus- tules were the most numerous. They also varied much in size.

They also varied much in size. One was present on the shoulder which resembled an ordinary boil. Their bacteriological contents were subject to considerable variation. Plague bacilli were found in what appeared to be the most recently formed pustules. In others, which were evidently more advanced, no plague bacilli were found, ordinary pyogenic micro-organisms being present. There was no question of small-pox.

A bubo was present in the right groin, which contained plague bacilli.

Plague bacilli were also found in the heart blood and spleen.

This case was interesting from several points of view, namely:

1. The bubonic nature of the case.

2. The presence of a generalised skin eruption.

3. The nature of the eruption being papular, vesicular, and pustular.

4. The presence of the B. pestis in the erupted foci."

5. The absence of any apparent lymphatic connection between the erup-

tion and the bubɔ,

6. The likeness presented by the case to small-pox.

Case No. II-A Chinese male, æt. about 28, a coolie engaged in a godown. Post-mortem, the general appearances were those of septicemic plague. The B. pestis was found in the heart blood and spleen. A well developed bubonic swell- ing was present in the right avilla. It contained hoards of the virus. Passing from this peripherally, one found rows of small vesicles, at first along the inner side of the arm, then along the supinator longus muscle area to the wrist where they apparently ended.

No evidence was found about the hand of injury to the skin. Plague bacilli and streptococci were found in the vesicles.

This was probably a case of direct infection through the skin. Lymphangitis could not be seen. The case was not examined clinically.

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Case No. III.--A Chinese female, æt. about 20. This case was seen during life. A bubo was present in the right axilla. No definite point of skin inoculation was discoverable but extending from the wrist to the elbow, on the flevor and extensor aspects of the forearm, numerous vesicles and pustules were found. Plague bacilli were found in many of the vesicles. The examination of the pustular contents gave negative results so far as plague bacilli are concerned. Lymphan- gitis was present in the forearm and arm, particularly along the latter.

Plague bacilli were found in the blood and bubo. The case was not examined by me post-mortem.

Case No. IV.-For particulars in regard to this case. reference must be made to Case No. II under the heading of "Buboes and their Significance."

Case No. V.-A Chinese male child, aged about 10 years. The general post mortem appearances were those usually found in plague. The B. pestis was found in the heart blood and spleen. The type of disease was septicæmic. There was no trace of a bubonic swelling. The pericardial sac to external appearance was reddened and congested. On section the parietal layer was much thickened, oedematous and extremely vascular. The sac was full of thick blood coloured fluid containing numerous solid particles which had the appearance of fibrin. Plague bacilli were found in this fluid. Other micro-organisms were present, particularly pneumococci. The inner surface of the parietal layer was rough and irregular, due to the deposition of a slight amount of fibrin. The type of inflammation was hæmorrhagic, and numerous extravasations of blood were found in the wall of the sac. The visceral layer was also thickened, particularly in patches. Patchy hæmorrhagic extravasations as well as numerous minute petechiae were found in this layer. The latter were especially well marked at the point on the heart's surface marking the interval between the auricles and ventricles, and along the course of the coronary vessels. The lungs were healthy, although very hyperæmic. The mediastinal glands were enlarged and showed cortical blood extravasation. There was no periglandular effusion of blood.

Case No. VI.-A Chinese male adult, aged about 30. Typical post mortem appearances were found. Plague bacilli were present in abundance. A bubo was present in the right axilla. The pericardium was in a condition resembling more or less that found in Case No. V. There was much more fibrin formation. Plague bacilli could not be demonstrated with certainty in the pericardial fluid. Micros- copically organisins resembling the B. pestis were found, but the results of cultural experiment were negative. The organism present in greatest abundance was the pneumococcus. The mediastinal glands were enlarged and extremely hyperemic. There was no apparent extravasation of blood. In the lungs, patchy consolidation was found, and plague bacilli were numerous.

Case No. VII-For particulars in regard to this case, vide Case No. 1 under "Buboes and their Significance. The lymphatic glands were enlarged, cedematous and hæmorrhagic. They were embedded in extravasated blood, the latter extend- ing into the posterior mediastinum, and upwards to the cervical lymphatics at the roof of the neck. Plague bacilli were present in enormous numbers in the

mass.

Case No. VIII-A Chinese male child, aged about 12.

The general post- mortem appearances were those of septicamic plague. The lymphatic glands corresponding to ileum of the small intestine were enlarged, and hæmorrhagic. They were embeded, in a mass of hæmorrhage. Plague bacilli were present in mass- es. The other glands of the inesentery were free, but enlarged, very edematous and hæmorrhagic. The glands about the coeliac plexus were also enlarged and hæmor- rhagic. The ileum was hyperemic, and "spotted" with petechiæ.

Its mucous membrane was studded with infiltrated solitary follicles around many of which was a zone of hæmorrhage. There was no ulceration of the mucous membrane. Peyer's patches were apparently unaffected. The remaining portions of the small intestine were normal to the unaided eye. The large intestine and rectum was normal.

Case No. IX. For details, vide Case No. 1 under "Buboes and their Signi- ficance."

In this case the stomach, and the small intestine in general were hyperæmic. l'etechiae were most numerous about the walls of the stomach, duodenum and ileum. There was streaky ulceration of the mucous membrane of

556

the stomach. This was distinct from post-mortem change. No denudation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was found. In other respects the appearance of the case resembled that found in Case No. VIII.

Case No. X.-For details, vide Case No. VI. under "Buboes and their Significance."

WILLIAM HUNTER.

Pathological Conditions complicating Plague.

During the past two years, nearly 1,500 post-mortem examinations were held, and in addition to the lesions produced by the plague virus, other pathological conditions were occasionally met with, some of which are of great interest. Among the pathological conditions found in plague corpses, may be mentioned :—-

Beri-beri.. Malaria,

.common.

Dysentery,

Alcoholism,

Marasmus,

.rare.

.common.

Tuberculosis,

Heart Lesions,

Enteritic conditions, etc...... Abortion,

A case of Plague Meningitis was found last year. The dura was intensely congested and on section dripped with blood. The pia mater and grey matter were very hyperemic and small hemorrhage had occurred. The convolutions were flattened the hemispheres edematous, and the ventricles were distended with blood coloured serous fluid. Plague bacilli were abundant in the ventricles and on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. This case occurred in a female child aged about 10.

Two cases of what might be called Plague Apoplexy came under my notice. Both occurred in adult males suffering from septicæmic plague. Hæmorrhage into the internal capsule was found in both cases.

In regard to the presence of other micro-organisms in plague, which are actively producing lesions, those which I have most frequently found are :---

(1.) Streptococcus pyogenes -producing intense streptococcic septicemia. (2.) Streptococcus lanceolatus--frequently producing pneumonia. (3.) Staphylococcus pyogenes.-This organism is almost always present

in buboes. It is rarely found in the blood stream.

(4.) The bacterium coli commune occasionally found.

Amongst the extemely rare pathological complications which I have found in plague corpses are:-

Gangrene of the lung.

Gangrene of the tonsil.

Fracture of the skull, both the result injury.

}

Rupture of the spleen, f

WILLIAM HUNTER.

Buboes and their Significance.

The occurrence of swellings in certain regions of the body is one of the commonest accompaniments of plague. The term "bubo" has been used so fre- quently and loosely in connection with plague that the disease has generally be- come known, amongst the laity at least, as "Bubonic Plague." Why such an adjective should be constantly prefixed to the actual name of the disease is not clear and most certainly not based upon accurate scientific information.

The

}

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presence of buboes is one of the most constant and at the same time one of the characteristic phenomena of certain types of the disease, yet when we review the whole history of plague as a dreadful "pest, it is found that so-called bubonic plague is by no means the most horrible manifestation of the disease, and never occasions such devastation of life as other prominent forms of disease, such as primary pneumonic plague. In fact, one might go so far as to describe ordinary bubonic plague as more the benign type of plague, the malignant type being represented by primary pneumonic plague.

Much has been written in regard to these bubonic swellings, and from the voluminous literature on the subject, one would conclude that almost the last word had been spoken in regard to this pathological lesion. Taking up the question from the standpoint of our present day conceptions of bubonic plague, however, there would appear to be still many points wanting, to complete the chapter dealing with such manifestations of plague, and the true interpretation of their presence.

For the past two years, I have had considerable insight to the presence of buboes, and noted many interesting points in regard to their pathological history and endeavoured to adduce certain evidence in regard to their presence in plague.

It is not my intention to enter into a deeply scientific description of the pathological appearances of buboes. Such is already well known.

I wish to bring forward my experience in regard to the anatomy of such swellings, the time of their appearance, their growth, their situation, their number, and subsequently to offer certain considerations regarding their origin in the

disease.

(1.) Anatomy.—The neck, axilla and the region of the groin are the com- monest sites of these bubonic swellings. Their anatomy varies in these situations according to their severity. Occasionally it is only an enlarged gland with cortical injection; in other cases, however, the lesion may be widely spread, affecting structures placed at some distance from its focus of origin.

(a.) The Neck.-Buboes occur most frequently in the submaxillary, sub- mental, supra and infra-clavicular, sub and retro-auricular, and the parotic regions. The skin over the swollen mass is thickened and covered frequently with petechiæ. On section, the mass is oedematous. The hæmorrhagic appearance is not equally intense throughout. The glands are swollen, oedematous, and injected. They are embedded in a densely infiltrated hæmorrhagic mass of connective tissue. The hæmorrhagic infiltration extends along the connective tissue spaces, and surrounds the neighbouring muscles and other structures.

(b.) The Axilla.-The lymphatic glands are periglandular connective tissue form a soft, dematous mass of varying size. The super adjacent skin is fre- quently covered with petechia. The edema and hemorrhage extends into the surrounding tissues to the scapular muscles, the pectoral muscles, the intercostals, down the arm, and up into the region of the neck. The breast in females inay also participate and form part of the bubonic swelling. (Bubo paramammario- axillaris).

(c.) The Groin. The swelling may be femoral, inguinal, or both, with exten- sions to the iliacal and lumbar regions. The latter is common. The skin over the swelling is frequently covered with petechia. The hæmorrhagic infiltration may extend down the thigh to the popliteal region, or upwards over the lower part of the abdominal wall, into the scrotum, under Poupart's ligament into the pelvis and spread over the belly of the ileo-psoas embedding the iliac glands, and the lymphatic duct and cystema chyli, with extensions to the kidneys, pancreas and even the diaphragm.

Rarer situations for the presence of buboes are the region of the tonsil, the popliteal space, the cubital gland, the sacral region, the mesentery, and the glands situated posterior to the liver and about the pancreas.

Date of Onset.-This varies extremely. Buboes may be one of the earliest signs of the disease. In my opinion, they do not appear until certain prodromal symptoms have showed themselves. Many appear within 48 hours of the onset of the fever. In other cases their appearance may be delayed for several days.

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Cases have been reported where the bubo or buboes did not appear until the 8th, 9th or 10th day of the disease. The majority, however, are well marked before the 4th or 5th day of the illness.

The Growths.-This is usually slowly progressive. In a few cases this would appear to be absent for some days, and followed by a sudden and rapid increase in dimensions. This is frequently observed in buboes which have been late in appear- ing. According to Lowson, the prognosis is grave in such cases.

The Size. They are variable in size. Buboes as large as pigeon's eggs, a man's fist, or even larger, are most frequently found. In a few cases the swelling may never reach a size larger than a bazel nut.

The Distribution.-The results of the post mortem examinations of 788 cases of plague in which bubonic swellings were found, are as follows:-

1. Single Buboes:-

Right femoral bubo, Left femoral bubo, Right axillary bubo, Left axillary bubo,..

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Right inguinal bubo,

Left inguinal bubo,

Right cervical hubo,

Left cervical bubo,

Left parotid bubo,

Left submaxillary bubo,

11. Double Buboes:-

Right and left femoral buboes,

Right and left axillary buboes,

Right femoral and left cervical buboes,

Left axillary and left cervical buboes,

III. Multiple Buboes, Case No. I.-Chinese female, æt. 30. Large buboes were found in the following situations:-

(1.) Below and inside Poupart's ligament on the left side.

(2.) At the junction of int. and ext. iliac vessels on the right side.

(3.) In the mesentery.

(4.) In the superior mediastinum.

There was no pneumonia.

The woman was pregnant.

A six months' foetus was extracted. Plague

bacilli were found in the maternal placenta. The results of bacterio- logical exainination of the fœtus were negative.

Case No. II.-Chinese male, æt. 35. The following buboes were found :---

(1.) In the right inguinal region.

(2.) Around the left external iliac glands.

(3.) In the right axilla.

In addition to this the whole of the subcutaneous tissue of the right inguinal, and lower parts of the right and left lumbar and umbelical regions of the anterior abdominal wall was oedematous and densely infiltrated with blood. Numerous plague bacilli were found in this tissue. There was no evidence of injury. The infiltrated area did not appear to have any connection with the buboes present.

Case No. III-A Chinese male, æt. 52. The following buboes were found :-

(1.) Immediately below the left ear.

(2.) Just above the left clavicle.

(3.) In the right axilla.

(4.) In the left axilla.

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There was no apparent connection between Nos. 1 and 2. No. 4 had no connec- tion with No. 2. The mesentery contained a large quantity of extravasated blood, in which the lymphatic glands were embedded. The glands were congested with hæmorrhagic extravasations. There was also considerable ædema. Every organ and tissue in the body was teeming with plague bacilli.

Case No. IV-A Chinese female, æt. 18. The following buboes, pigeon egg in size, were found :-

(1.) In the right axilla.

2.) In the left axilla.

(3.) Around the left external iliac glands.

The hæmorrhage around the iliac glands extended over the ileo psoas muscle, ran along the common iliac vessel to the aorta, and was continued upwards to the point of entrance of the inferior vena cava into the thorax.

Plague bacilli were found all over the body. The woman was 7 months pregnant. No plague bacilli were found in the foetus.

Case No. V.-A Chinese female, æt. 25, prostitute. Buboes were found in the following regions :—

(1.) In the right axilla.

(2.) In the right and left inguinal regions.

The hæmorrhagic extravasation in the inguinal regions extended downwards to the vulva. The extravasation was found in the labia as well as around the anterior portion of the vagina. The epithelial lining of the vagina was hyperæmic and showed the presence of a few petechiæ. The portio vaginalis was studded with minute points of hæmorrhagic extravasation. The arbor vitæ of the cervix was in a similar condition. The cervix uteri and corpus uteri were oedematous, with mural hæmorrhages. Hæmorrhages were also found in the ovaries and the broad ligament was the seat of numerous petechia. There was little tendency on the part of the extravasation to travel along the iliacs towards the kidneys and diaphragm. The greater part of the hyperemia and hemorrhage appeared to be confined to the true pelvis. Plague bacilli were found in all organs of the body.

Case No. VI.-A Chinese male, æt, 40. The following buboes were found :--

(1.) In both axillary spaces.

(2.) In the mesentery.

The mesenteric lymphatic glands, particularly those corresponding to the ileum were embedded in extravasated blood. The glands were enlarged, hyperæmic, oedematous, and cortical hæmorrhage was well marked. In one or two commenc- ing necrosis was found. This area of bloody tissue was crowded with plague bacilli.

The ileum part of the small intestine was hyperæmic. No hyperemic or pathological change was found beyond the coccn. Hæmorrhages of ranging size had taken place into the submucous membrane of this part of the small intestine. The solitary follicles were enlaged to beyond a pin head in size. Many of these were surrounded by an area of congestion. Peyer's patches were dematous and were marked only by certain degree of surrounding hyperæmia. All other parts of the large and small intestine were normal to the naked eye.

Case No. VII-A Portuguese male, æt. 28. Buboes were found in the follow- ing situations:-

(1.) In the left iliacal regions. (2.) In the right iliacal regions..

(3.) In the left cervical region.

Plague bacilli were found in the heart blood and buboes. The hæmorrhagic extravasation extending from either iliac bubo met over the lumbar vertebræ, and extended upwards involving the lumbar regions and both kidneys, coming to an end just above the pancreas.

These cases of multiple bubonic formation are of great interest when we look upon plague as being ab initio a disease of a septicemic nature. Given the septic nature of plague, these buboes must be regarded as secondary to blood infection.

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The swellings may appear early. In fact, they may be existent before many definite symptoms of the disease are present. In other cases, they appear late, during the course of a well defined case of septicemic plague. The reasons for this variability in the time of their appearance, is by no means obvious. Again such a swelling may be single, double, or multiple, without a satisfactory explanation of the process at work being evident. It has been my experience to find general lymphatic enlargement in ordinary bubonic plague. The glands are moderately increased in size, oedematous and show extravasations of blood especially in the cortical layers.

Not only is this general glandular enlargement found in bubonic plague, but it is met with in cases of other types of the disease. In the purely septicænic type, this enlargement is one of the commonest changes found post-mortem. In the pneumonic form, ie., secondary lung plague, the glands are also similary affected. In primary pneumonic plague, hyperæmia and petechial hæmorrhages occur in the lymphatic glands without much evidence of enlargement. evidence points to the ready action of the plague virus on the general lymphatic system. The evidence gathered from my experience would appear to show that the disease, no matter what type it ultimately assumes, is of a septicæmic nature.

This

In plague, the lymphatic apparatus is one of the first systems to be affectel. The plague virus would appear to possess a marked affinity for lymphatic tissue. The preference for certain body tissues is known in bacteriology.

The pathological changes produced by the plague virus in lymphatic tissue is, in my opinion, merely one of degree.

In septicemic cases with no bubonic formations we find evidence of glandular enlargement. No particular gland or series of glands is affected. All are generally hyperemic and on careful examination show minute petechial hæmorrhages. Occasionally during the course of such a septicemia, a bubo may develop out of some of these slightly affected series of glands.

In pneumonic cases, the condition is similar to that found in septicemic plague. Buboes may complicate pneumonic plague and vice versa.

In the majority of cases of plague, some definite enlargement takes place. This takes place early, in fact, sometimes so early as to be regarded as practically the initial manifestation of the disorder.

Bubonic plague, in the absence of primary pneumonic plague, forms the majority of the cases met with during most epidemics. Therefore we have in plague a disease of a septicæmic nature. The B. pestis multiplies in the general blood stream and primarily exerts its deleterious action on the lymphatic apparatus. In this, swelling, edema, and hæmorrhagic extravasation take place. changes are accompanied by a periglandular hæmorrhage, which is diffuse. Evidences are now available as to the action of the virus on the peripheral circulatory apparatus."

These

Further changes are produced generally in the body, particularly those of degeneration.

Summing up, from a pathological standpoint the various lesions met with during the course of a typical case, one is rather drawn away from the idea that buboes are the result of infection through the skin and mucous membranes in the immediate neighbourhood. It would appear, on the other hand, that the formation. of buboes in the body is dependent on the micro-organism itself, its virulence, and the individual disposition of the person or persons attacked. Simple hæmorrhagic extravasations are quite as common as buboes. They also occur in fairly definite localities in the body, yet no one has thought them worthy of consideration from the point of view of the focus of entry of the B. pestis into the body.

in man.

Many of the septicemic diseases met with in animals are analogous to plague From a clinical point of view, the appearances presented by such animals, have so resembled plague, that Orientals are firmly convinced that epidemics of a similar disease to plague break out amongst their animals some time- previous to the occurrence of plague in man. The condition of septicemia hæmorrhagica found in cattle in Hongkong resembles plague pathologically. In both diseases do we find general hyperæmia, general lymphatic enlargement, the

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occurrence of irregular areas of hæmorrhagic extravasation, pathological changes in the intestines, and the presence of a micro-organism in the blood and tissues of the body.

My results are more or less in accordance with those of BITTER, who regards plague as a septicemia hæmorrhagica. According to ALBRECHT and GHAR, this is only so in severe cases.

It is said that the occurrence of buboes in definite situations in the body, is strong evidence in favour of the infection having been occasioned through the some focus in the area of tissue drained by the lymphatic glauds which are the seat of the bubonic enlargement. Viewing the subject from certain points of view, e.g., the study of the anatomical connections, the question of bare feet, the results of direct inoculation in man and animals, etc., there would appear to be much evidence in favour of such an occurrence.

What we have to consider is the following:-

Does the plague virus reach man in nature, through the skin? Is this the natural mode of transmission of the disease from man to man? What avenues in natural infection do we find in animals? Are the modes of infection the sume of man and animals? Is there evidence of the channels of infection in man?

The consideration of the points in the presence of a large amount of plague material, has led me to conclude that the opinions arrived at by many investigations are, on better acquaintance, by no means obvious.

In the first place, many cases of plague are not definitely bubonic. The lymphatic glands are enlarged but no series forms a definite bubonic formation. We may have epidemics of plague in which so salled septicæmic plague is most prevalent.

Again in epidemics, the bubonic type may be most prevalent.

Different epidemics show great variations in the type of the disease present. A certain annual variation is found. So called septicemic plague is present during the whole epidemic, but bubonic plague may only be in evidence during certain times of epidemic. Other evidence in regard to these points is given in an attached table showing the relative prevalence of the so called different types of the disease throughout the years 1902-1903.

Further buboes may be double or multiple. One may be present in each groin or axilla, or one in the iliacal region, with another in the neck. In other cases of multiple bubonic plague, buboes are found in the most unexpected places. Again it is said that femoral buboes are most common amongst those who go about barefooted, e.g., the Chinese. I find, however, that buboes in this situation, or in the groin, are as common amongst Europeans who are well booted.

In cases of bubonic plague, it is only in rare instances that evidence is forth- coming as to the presence of wounds, abrasions, etc.

It is not denied for a moment, that plague infection frequently occurs through the skin and is followed by the formation of a bubo. In these cases, I am of opiniou, that some evidence of such an infection is present on the skin. In animals inoculated by this method, such evidence is usually present, and in all the cases of authenticate infection through the skin which I have come across, there has been evidence of entry of the B. pestis. A papule, blister, a pustule or even a wound present in the skin, and frequently the plague bacillus has been found locally. An excellent example of such an infection has already been given under "Symp- toms of Plague."

Such cases do occur, but I am of opinion, they are rare, and do not clarify our ideas to any great extent as to the spread of plague from man to man during epidemic times. In fact I would urge that the importance attached to skin infec- tion in plague has been exaggerated.

Again, granting such a skin infection, there is no evidence to show that the B. pestis is shut up in these bubonic enlargements. I believe that general blood infection takes place soon after the introduction of the virus and usually long before the appearance of the bubo. (Vide Symptoms of Plague.)

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Further instances of bubonic plague are known to follow the bite of a plague (Cases already reported by MAXWELL in his report on Plague in South China, CLARK in his Annual Plague Reports for 1900 and 1901, and SIMPSON in his recent Report on Plague in Hongkong. Cases have also been recorded in India.) Even the bites of plague stricken human beings have produced plague infection. (Aus- trian Plague Commission.)

In artificially infected animals, bubonic swellings are found. For instance after feeding animals with plague infected material, buboes may be found in the groins.

Mesenteric buboes are also met with in animals. Cervical, submaxillary and parotid buboes may be discovered, yet no injury of the buccal mucous membrane or carious teeth could be held accountable. The tonsils are held by many inves- tigators to be a channel through which the plague virus effects an entry. Great stress was laid upon this avenue of infection by the members of the Austrian Plague Commission. I have frequently examined the root of the tongue and tonsils and found marked ædema of the mucous membrane of the tongue, enlarge- ment of the papillæ, great hyperemia of the lymphadenoid tissue and tonsils with extravasation of blood. The tonsils may be found twice or three times their nor- mal size. Plague bacilli have been found abundant in these situations. No evid- ence of such a mode of infection could be traced in experimental animals.

A careful dissection of these bubonic swellings shows us that they are much more extensive than is apparent from the appearance which they present clinically. For instance the bubo met with within the confines of Scarpa's triangle does not in a great many cases represent the focus of most intense pathological change. The bubo in Scarpa's triangle may be quite small. On cutting down on Poupart's liga- ment we find frequently a continuance of the hæmorrhagic extravasation around the inguinal glands. These are often somewhat larger than the femoral, and the pathological changes are more marked. Further dissection centrally leads us to the external iliacs in and around which one finds most intense lesions. The glands are larger, the dema widespread, necrosis may be present, and the surrounding extravasation of blood spreads in all directions, namely, over the ileo-psoas muscle reaching the crest of the ileum inwards to the true pelvis invading the broad liga- ment and its contents, and upwards along the iliac vessels to the aorta, spreading out like a fan over the muscles of the posterior wall of the abdomen and reaching the perirenal connective tissue and organs about the diaphragm. This hæmorrhage frequently joins another mass of blood which surrounds the coeliac glands. The latter are frequently enlarged, cedematous, and extravasates with blood, the group with surrounding hæmorrhage forming a typical bubo. The condition of these cœlic glands is frequently overlooked in making post-mortem examinations on plague cases. The presence of such a lesion is of importance in regard to the gastro-intestinal avenue of infection in plague.

In the great majority of cases, the bubonic swellings are extremely painful. In groin buboes, the pain is located in Scarpa's triangle, often to a small swelling there, while the seat of greatest pathological change is really within the abdomen. This pain may be present for a considerable time previous to the detection of a de- finite swelling. The pain is probably of the nature of "Referred Pain" of Head.

All bubonic swellings, in my opinion, show the presence of extraneous micro- organisms. The infection with other bacteria would appear to occur early. The micro-organisms most frequently found present are, Staphylococci, Streptococci and B. coli and its varieties. The presence of these organisms appears to act deleteriously on the B. pestis. In advanced buboes these micro-organisms are even move numerous than plague bacilli.

In the majority of articles dealing with the bubonic variety of plague, it is stated that there is an absence of anything like a peripheral lymphangitis. The belief is widely diffused, that the infection takes place, in these cases, through the skin, but the B. pestis, in its passage from the focus of its entry to the seat of bubonic formation, does not excite inflammation. Beyond the possible discovery of the point of entry of the bacillus, therefore, there is no external evidence of the occurrence of such a bacillary infection through the skin. ALLBRECHT and GHON and many others, have laid down, that the absence of lymphangitis is characteristic for plague. Obvious reasons for such a statement do not, in my mind, appear to

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be justified. Cases, observed by myself, in which a definite point of entry of the B. pestis could be found, are not confirmative of such a view. So far, my cases showed a definite lymphangitis previous to the occurrence of the bubo. It was slight, but if looked for carefully, could not be missed. An instance of such has already been given under the heading of the "Symptom Complex of Plague."

The persistent absence of anything like an acute lymphangitis in cases of bubonic plague, is, in my opinion, strong evidence against the skin inoculation theory of plague causation. Further lymphangitis has been found present in the lymphatic apparatus leading from the small intestine. This fact is in favour of an alimentary mode of entry of the virus.

Skin infection in plague only after some definite breach of continuity of the skin has occurred. For instance the presence of ragged nails, abrasions, minute wounds are liable in plague infected areas to be infected with plague bacilli and thereby lead to a case of the disease. In the absence of more definite evidence, the question of skin infection in plague appears to be exaggerated.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Bacillus Pestis.

This organism has been subjected to so many investigations, its morphological and cultural characteristics are so well known, that one has little to add to its story. The characteristics of the B. pestis as met with in Hongkong are similar to those found in other parts of the plague world. It has been suggested to me by several professional gentlemen familiar with plague, that the type of micro-organism met with in Hongkong is in general smaller than that found in India and other countries. I have paid particular attention to this point, but fail to find the slightest difference. The measurement of bacteria in general is by no means fixed. One has only to examine the morphological records of different bacteria in order to convince one's self of the variations in measurement given by different authors. Again it must be remembered that the B. pestis is an organism which varies extensively in regard to its morphological appearances, and on this alone different measurements would be obtained at different times of examination. In short, I see no reason to believe that the plague bacillus as found in Hongkong differs in the slightest degree from that found in other parts of the world.

The most typical bacilli are obtained direct from the tissues of an animal suffer- ing from the disease. So far as my experience carries me, the bacilli are most frequently found isolated in the human body; in aminals, however, and particularly in the rat, the B. pestis tends to form short chains, the individual bacilli being markedly bipolar.

The various forms of plague bacilli met with in culture are similar to those already well known.

By the majority of observers, these various forms of the plague bacillus are regarded as Degeneration or Involution forms. That such is the case is by no means obvious, and until further research has been undertaken in regard to the involution forms of micro-organisms in general and the significance of these better known, it would be better to reseve one's opinion. So called involution or de- generation types of plague bacilli are by no means harmless. In fact, such forms we know to possess cousiderable virulence and are able to reproduce typical infections.

So far I have never observed branching forms of the B. pestis as described by ALBRECHT and GHON, KOLLE and others. GoTSCHLICH'S method of staining with dilute carbol-fuchsin has produced the most uniform result in staining. excellent method of bringing out the bipolar appearance is that of GAFFKY'S, namely, the treatment of the specimen with % acetic acid previous to the applica- tion of the stain.

By many obsevers, who have had considerable experience of plague, great weight has been laid upon the differential diagnostic significance of the polar staining of the B. pestis. To a certain extent, such a significance is justifiable, but

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not to the degree insisted upon by some. The significance to be laid upon the presence of bipolar and oval shaped bacteria is dependent upon the evidence which one has to suspect plague. In man the presence of such micro-organisms in a bubonic swelling, in the blood or the sputum, during an epidemic of plague would justify one in concluding that the organisms were B. pestis. In the absence of plague, however, the mere finding of such bipolar bacteria does not justify such a diagnosis. The morphological appearances may be very suggestive but in isolated instances like this one requires further confirmation in the shape of cultural and inoculation tests.

Again in man, even during a severe plague epidemic, the microscopic examin- ation of blood smears has to be undertaken with considerable care. In the absence of a bubo, symptoms may be present indicative of some infection, and a hastily or carelessly taken blood film may show beautiful bipolar bacteria, which are microscopically almost identical with the true B. petis, yet the further course of the disease and the negative results obtained with carefully taken blood smears clearly prove the case to be something entirely different.

After the results obtained in Hongkong by Dr. BELL and others, all of which I have confirmed, one would require to exercise considerable caution in diagnosing the B. pestis in any blood smear, unless the latter be prepared very carefully. As Dr. BELL noted in a report to the Government in 1903, beautiful bipolar shaped bacteria can be demonstrated in the saliva, fœces and in various other parts of the body. I have made similar preparations and have convinced myself that it would be well nigh impossible in many instances to microscopically distinguish such micro-organisms from the plague bacillus. In the past too great weight appears to have been laid upon the mere microscopic examination of a sinear coloured with some simple aniline dye like methylene blue. In fact this simple- method is regarded by many as sufficient. As pointed out by the various Indian Plague Commission, however, such a rough and ready method, applicable and diagnostic enough in many instances, may lead one to very erroneous conclusions. An important point is noted by the English Plague Commission, namely, hel diagnosis of the presence of plague bacilli without the use of other tinctortia methods of examination such as the reaction to GRAM's method of staining. In doubtful cases, and more particularly in the absence of an epidemic of plague, such an important tinctorial test should never be neglected. As micro-organisms. are known which microscopically resemble the B. pestis, but give a positive result with aniline water gentian violet after treatment with iodine solution.

When one has to deal with the diagnosis of plague in animals, the question of microscopical examination as a sufficiently diagnostic test, becomes one of great difficulty. In Hongkong, where thousands of dead animals are examined for the presence of plague bacteria, the only possible method of examination is the micros- copical, and the results obtained by such a method must not be regarded as strictly accurate but only approximately so. It is now a ridely recognised fact that disease in the lower animals is frequently excited by micro-organisms morphologically almost identical with the B. pestis. In particular one may mention the group of hæmorrhagic and septicemic diseases which appear to be exceedingly prevalent throughout China, especially the diseases known as cattle plague, fowl cholera and in all probability a variety of swine plague. These diseases are called forth by bacteria which show bipolar staining even more markedly than the B. pestis, and the only differential point between them and the latter, is put down by some as a question of dimension. These hæmorrhagic septicemic micro-organisms are said to be smaller in size than the B. pestis. As I have already mentioned such a distinctive point is one upon which little reliance must be placed owing to the variations niet with amongst bacteria when placed in different surroundings.

Again bipolar staining has been met with in the B. typhi by GOTSCHLICH and micro-organisms are found in rats which have a great resemblance to the B. pestis. Therefore, viewing all the evidence before one, it is clear that the system-- atic examination of a large series of dead animals for the B. pestis by the micro-- scopic method is liable to lead us to fallacious results. This circumstance has been constantly before my mind since I commenced such an investigation at the Govern- ment Public Mortuary, and I have always insisted that the results of my examina- tions must be regarded as approximate only. It would be quite impossible to do. otherwise. The determination of the presence of plague bacilli in strictly scientific

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manner in each individual animal would necessitate numbers of assistants and besides entail considerable expense which I think is quite unnecessary. During the past year birds of various species were examined bacteriologically and a few returned as plague infected. As I mentioned in my Annual Report for 1903, it is quite possible that some of these were in reality cases of fowl cholera, but in the absence of cultural and experimental tests, it was impossible to determine the exact nature of the disease in each case.

Similar remarks apply to the presence of plague-like bacilli in rats. Several micro-organisms have been described as occasioning septicemic disease in these animals, and their morphological appearances are by no means unlike the B. pestis. But as already stated, it is impossible to determine the exact nature of the bacilli in each animal and that the results aimed at are merely approximate.

The difficulties of approaching the diagnosis of the presence of plague bacilli in animals is greatly enhanced by the experiments of SIMPSON and myself showing the possibility of the occurrence of plague infection in almost every animal met with in Hongkong.

The B. pestis has never been found to retain the stain by GRAM's method. KITASUTO'S observation in this respect would appear to be wrong.

PITFIELD'S method of staining gives excellent pictures of the mucous cap-ule of the B. pestis. Good specimens of this covering have been obtained from rats.

The B. pestis has never been found to possess the power of motion. The biological characteristics of the B. pestis met with in Hongkong are practically identical with those found in other parts of the world. method of diagnosis of the plague bacillus has been found of great value.

HANKIN'S

The B. pestis grows exceedingly well in media prepared with rice. would seem important in regard to the diet of the native Chinese population.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

This

The Length of Life of the Bacillus Pestis.

The plague bacillus is a non-sporing micro-organism. So far as we know, its existence as a saprophyte must be very limited.

The experience of those who preserve living cultures of the B. pestis for any length of time, would show that, under certain_circumstances, this limited extra- corporeal existence is subject to variation. Pure cultures of the B. pestis, pro- tected from the deleterious action of drying, and light, and kept in a cool place, may remain alive for months or even years.

SCHULTZE (Cent. of Bakt. Bd. 29) kept the bacillus alive for 4 years on MAR- MOREK'S bouillon. GOTSCHLICH (Zeit. of Hyg. Bd. 35, 1900) found his cultures still alive and virulent after seven or eight months.

Of importance for the preservation of the life of the plague bacillus, is a low temperature. By maintaining cultures at a temperature of 20° to 25° C. the B. pestis may be kept alive and virulent for an extremely long and indefinite period

of time.

My own results are confirmative of those obtained by the already mentioned investigators. I have kept the B. pestis alive from the end of one plague epidemic to the commencement of another. The organism grew on ordinary agar-agar and bouillon. On fluid blood serum, the length of life of the bacillus would appear to be long but very indefinite. No alteration in the virulence of the organism has been observed. Subcultures of the bacillus need not be made, provide the growths are kept at a low temperature. According to SCHULTZE, the length of life of the organism depends upon certain changes in the bacterial protoplasm.

In dealing with cultures of the plague bacillus it is of great importance ot know what virulence these possess.

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The plague bacillus would appear to be a most variable organism in this res- pect. In has been my experience, as well as that of others, that certain strains of the organism maintain their virulence for a long time; others, however, lose this power in a few days.

The reasons for such on occurrence are not clear. Probably the circumstance depends upon the culture medium, its alkalinity or acidity, or upon the establish- ment of some standard in regard to nutrient media, as recommended by EYRE, would, I think, obviate many of the indefinite conclusions at present arrived at.

The long life of the B. pestis does not obtain in nature. Here inany deleteri- ous factors are present. The presence of saprophytes, coupled with the action of heat, cold, chemical and mechanical influences prevent the organism propagating its spe- cies for many generations. This fact is of great importance from an epidemiolo- gical standpoint. It shows us that the specific germ of plague is unable to spread over a large area without the assistance of either the body of man or the tissues of animals. Again, the limitation of the life of the B. pestis as a saprophyte. convin- ces us that, for the dissemination of the disease, infected human beings and animals, e.g., rats, are the chief factors at work.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Avenues of Infection in Plague.

Since the days of the ancients who classified the ways of infection under three headings, namely, contactu, ad distans, and fomité, much has been added to our knowledge in regard to the habits of micro-organisms-pathogenic to man. The life history of these organisms, their biology, and significance in nature have been dealt with fully by many investigators.

The portals through which such organisins gain an entrance into the tissue of man and animals, still remains, so far as many infectious diseases are concerned, a dark chapter. Despite the efforts made by epidemiologists and others to unravel the mysteries of infection, much controversy still exists as to the particular channels availed of by different micro-organisms in order to reach the tissues of

man.

The avenues of infection are many. I propose to consider each of them separately and endeavour to show how many of them are of importance in the dissemination of plague.

Amongst the Chinese, certain ideas are widely prevalent as to the propagation of the disease. They attach great importance to infected food. They believe that diseased chickens cause plague. Again reports emanating from the interior of China, make mention that the disease known as Kinderpest in cattle is often found to precede an outbreak of plague.

Further, moist and rainy seasons are said to be productive of severe epidemics of the disease. Dr. ALEXANDER RENNIE in an interesting report on the occurrence of plague in Canton and the surrounding country, arrived at certain important conclusions as to the spread of the disease. In his opinion, rats contaminating food, overcrowding, filth, and bad drainage are responsible for the occurrence and persistence of plague in South China. He notes another important factor that thousands of natives disembark in Hongkong daily from the various river steamers, junks, etc., and that there is no medical supervision or inspection of such individuals. Modern scientific prophylaxis includes such a supervision and inspection among rudimentary principles.

The following avenues of infection are of importance in plague

1. The skin.

2. The respiratory tract.

3. The digestive tract.

1. The Skin.-The unbroken skin offers the greatest resistance to the pass- age of all micro-organisms. Even a resistance to chemical reagents is most pronounced.

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Instances are known of infectious matter producing disease when energetically rubbed into the skin. The organisms, in this way, reach the sweat and sebaceous follicles and subsequently give rise to disease. Such instances, however, are rare. So far as plague is concerned, the Austrian Plague Commission made the import- ant statement that plague bacilli, when rubbed into the shaved skin of a rat or guinea pig, always occasions a lethal infection. This method has been recommend- ed as a delicate diagnostic test. In my opinion, however, this method of diagnosis loses much of its significance as an instance of skin infection, when we consider whether the shaven skin of such animals is to be regarded as unbroken, with no solution of continuity, or, what is more likely, whether the bacilli make their way through microscopic wounds, the production of which during the process of shaving being almost unavoidable. The question as to the part which the skin plays as an avenue of infection in plague, would appear from my researches to be exaggerated. That such a mode of infection does happen, no one denies. In- stances of such are frequently forthcoming. The evidence at my disposal, how- ever, is decidedly against the general conclusion, that the skin is the common portal through which the plague bacillus effects an entry into the body of man or animals. The presence of groin buboes as frequently in well booted as in bare footed individuals, the irregular distribution of such bubonic swellings, etc., are against the theory of skin infection. The bulk of evidence amassed by my re- searches is against the occurrence of such a mode of production of the disease. My experience leads me to the same conclusions as drawn by WILM, who advanced much logical proof against such a method of infection. If infection took place through the skin, avillary buboes ought to be as common as groin buboes. Again one would expect intense inflammation of the tissues at the point of inoculation similar to that found in animals. One would expect the frequent occurrence of plague in bubonic form amongst those who are employed in special plague work such as the removal of infected rats, clothing and household utensils. These and many other factors already mentioned in different sections of this research are sufficiently pronounced to cast much suspicion upon the questionable role played by the unbroken skin in nature in the production of plague.

2. The Respiratory Tract.-The introduction of the plague virus, viâ the respi- ratory tract, is a most important mode of production of the disease. Primary pneumonic plague is produced by the so-called drop-infection of FLÜGGE.

The air cannot be regarded as dangerous. The B. pestis does not survive dessication, and possesses, so far as we know, no permanent forms, enabling it to continue its existence as a saprophyte. The plague bacillus cannot exist in the air as dust. This statement is amplified by the non-occurrence of cases of the disease amongst those in charge of plague patients or in special plague work. Had the B. pestis an aerial existence we should expect to find numerous instances of such a mode of infection amongst those in close contact with the disease. Further such a mode of dissemination would be further accelerated by the increased viru- lence possessed by such plague bacilli present in the lung tissue. (KOLLE and MARTINI, Deut. Med. Wochen, 1902.)

Close contact with the disease and direct transference of the moist particles of pestiferous sputum are necessarry for infection to take place through the respi- ratory tract. This explains the many dreadful visitations of the disease which one frequently hears of, where whole families have been exterminated in a few days. Primary pneumonic plague would not appear to be as common now-a-days as formerly. Such a form of plague differs entirely from the other varieties of the disease.

Primary pneumonic plague, where present, does not, like septicæmic plague, occur broadcast over a town or city. The cases are at first localised. The disease shows a steady march, blotting out of existence whole families or congregations of people.

This form of the disease would appear to be rare in Hongkong. The varie- ties found are mostly secondary pneumonic manifestations occurring as complica- tions of ordinary septicemic plague. Details in regard to these forms of disease have already been given under the "Post-mortem Appearances of Plague.

3. The Digestive Tract.-The intestinal canal is the starting point of a large number of acute infectious diseases. That plague should be included in the list of such diseases has been the subject of much varied discussion. The majority of

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those specially engaged in plague work in India and elsewhere, opposes the view that the disease is of alimentary origin. The evidence upon which such opposi- tion is based is by no means obvious. My researches would appear to relegate to the alimentary canal, a most important part in the production of the disease and as a focus of entry of the B. pestis into the body, and the grounds upon which this conclusion is based are the following :

(1.) The symptoms complained of by plague patients during the earliest stages of the disease are referrable to the gastro-intestinal tract. Diarrhea and vomiting are frequently the first signs of the disease.

(2.) The gastro-intestinal manifestations are frequently-if not in most instances well marked previous to the appearance of anything like a peripheral bubo or secondary pneumonia.

(3.) The negative results obtained were after a most careful enquiry and

examination as to the question of skin inoculation of the virus. (4.) The presence of gastro-intestinal symptoms in plague infected individuals in whom a definite focus of skin incorporation of the plague virus was present.

(5.) The condition found in the gastro-intestinal tract and neighbour-

hood on post-mortem examination is strongly suggestive of alimentary incorporation of the B. pestis. For details, vide the "Results of Post-mortem Examination."

(6.) The B. pestis is present in hoards in the faces of man and animals

suffering from plague.

(7.) The B. pestis may be demonstrated in large numbers in the mucous

membrane and other coats of the gastro-intestinal gut.

(8.) The B. pestis may reach the small intestine by way of the mouth without much chance of injury. The bacillus is capable of resist- ing the action of dilute acids for an appreciable length of time. The amount of acid, namely, hydrochloric acid, present at any time in a normal stomach, is about 0.02 %. The B. pestis would appear to be able to withstand the action of such a quantity of acid. WILM states that plague bacilli live for 2 days in 1% of hydrochloric acid. The German Plague Commission found that pure cultures of plague bacilli were killed by the action of 1 in 1,000 solution of hydrochloric acid only after half an hour. GIANA and GOSIO state that 1 in 100 hydrochloric acid kills the B. pestis in one hour and à 0-5 % solution of the acid only after six hours.

The B. pestis is evidently little affected by the gastric juice. (9.) The pathological changes found in the mesentery are suggestive of alimentary contraction of the disease. The general enlargement and oedema of and hæmorrhagic extravasation into and around the mesenteric lymphatic glands with the presence of enormous: numbers of plague bacilli in such foci speak for such a mode of introduction of the virus.

(10.) Experimental evidence in animals yields constant positive results.. Pigs, fowls, sheep, monkeys, etc., if fed on plague infected material contract the disease with certainty.

(11.) Infection per os in plague is the most certain means of production

of the disease in animals.

(12.) The post-mortem appearances found in artificially infected animals are strongly in favour of an alimentary mode of infection. (13.) The B. pestis is found in great numbers in the faces of animals

suffering from plague.

(14.) The rat is infected per os. This is the usual mode of infection

in this animal.

(15.) Food and articles of diet have been found infected with the B.

pestis. (Vide" Food in relation to the Spread of Plague.")

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(16.) Vermin such as flies, cockroaches, beetles, ants, rats, mice, etc. may harbour plague bacilli and convey the virus to food used by man or animals. These animals have been found to contain plague bacilli. (Vide "Results of Examination of Insects for Plague.")

(17.) Certain experiments with cockroaches furnish strong evidence in favour of plague infected food as a method of spread of the disease. (Vide "Pound's Experiments and own Results under Insects in relation to Plague.")

(18.) The results obtained with flies infected with plague bacilli. (Vide

"Results on Sugar.")

(19.) The long length of life of the plague bacillus which is possible on

different fruits and prepared foods.

(20.) The strong evidence that articles of diet, cooking utensils, and water, may become contaminated by man himself, either through infected fingers, clothing, etc.

(21.) The danger attached to latent cases must be borne in mind. (22.) The evidence brought forward by WILM, JANSEN, BITTER, etc.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Paths of Elimination of the Bacillus Pestis.

A knowledge of the paths of elimination of the Bacillus pestis from the bodies of plague patients and animals is of the highest importance from a prophylac- tic point of view.

In plague, no matter what variety of the disease is present, the causal agents are scattered broadcast by those infected.

In primary pneumonic plague, the sputum, which is abundant, is simply teeming with an extremely virulent race of plague bacilli.

In septicemic plague, with its complications of bubonic formation or second- ary lung lesions, the excretions and secretions represent extremely potent sources of the spread of the infection.

In dealing therefore with the disease from a prophylactic point of view, it is of the highest importance to be au fait with those channels through which the causal agent leaves the bodies of the infected.

Such an elimination of the plague virus may be occasioned by two ways:-

1. Directly discharged from a focus of the disease.

2. Discharged through the blood with the normal secretions and

excretions.

1 Direct Elimination.—For such to occur it is necessary for the focus of the disease to be in direct communication with the outer world.

The opinion is widely diffused that cases of bubonic plague are not danger- ous. They are not sources of infection. Consequently such cases would not come under this heading. In my opinion, however, such varieties of the disease are merely manifestations of a general septicemic disease. This being so,

This being so, all secre- tions and excretions from patients suffering from septicemic plague, must be looked upon as possible sources of infection. Direct elimination of the B. pestis would appear to be possible through the following channels :—

1. Through the respiratory channels.

2. Through the faces.

3. Through the urine.

4. Through discharging buboes.

Other possible channels of elimination are possible, but are not to be included under direct elimination.

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(1.) Through the respiratory channels.-In cases of primary pneumonic plague, such a mode of elimination is of the highest importance. Hoards of plague bacilli are expired or expectorated by such patients, and the spread of in- fection may be occasioned either directly by so called drop infection, or indirectly through other channels. The question of communication of plague infection by this means has already been dealt with in another section of this research. In cases of complicating consolidation of the lung in septicemic plague, the sputum is also found teeming with plague bacilli Whether the bacilli contained in such a sputum would effect an equally great chance of infection is a matter of doubt.

Again in cases of ordinary septicemic plague apart from lung complications, there is reason to believe that occasionally plague bacilli may reach the outer world through such a channel as the sputum.

It would be advisable to regard all saliva and sputum of plague patients as sources of great danger.

In cases of plague, the disinfection of all matter discharged per os, ought to be a matter of ordinary routine.

(2.) Through the foeces. In animals suffering from plague, the type of disease is septicæmic, and the disorder is called forth with the greatest of certainty through the gastro-intestinal tract. The B. pestis in animals is more or less constantly found in the fœces. In the rat, this is especially the case.

In man, there is much evidence in favour of an alimentary incorporation of plague infection.

The symptoms presented during life, coupled with the patholo- gical changes met with post-mortem and the bacteriological demonstration of the presence of plague bacilli in the faces during life and the intestine after death, are much in favour of the gastro-intestinal tract being at least one of the principal foci of entrance of the B. pestis into the tissues of man The presence of diarrhoea, constituting the evacuation from the bowel of considerable quantities of fluid or semi-fluid material, is an element of great danger. The condition is analogous to that found during the first half of an attack of enteric fever.

Again the vomit must be treated with suspicion. Plague bacilli have been found in these discharges from the stomach. WILM and other writers make men-

tion of the presence of the B. pestis in this fluid.

Like the sputum, therefore, all discharges from the gastro-intestinal tract, ought to be systematically disinfected, as these constitute elements favouring the spread of the disease.

(3.) Through the urine. This mode of elimination would perhaps come bet- ter under indirect methods of the discharge of the infection That plague bacilli are frequent contents of the urine has been firmly established. The condition is similar to that found in typhoid fever and other diseases. It is doubtful in such a thing as a typical plague bacteriuria is ever found. Probably an explanation similar to that which obtains for the occurrence of typhoid bacteriuria is applicable to plague, namely, the passage of stray plague bacilli through the tubules of the kidney and their appearance in the urine. It is known that the B. pestis resists the action of minute traces of acid for some considerable time. The urine of plague patients ought to be disinfected in all cases.

(4.) Through discharging buboes.—It is generally believed that the younger the bubo, the purer the culture of the B. pestis found therein. Secondary infection of such bubonic swellings soon occurs. How soon, is difficult to say, and likewise, the true explanation of the effect of the micro-organismal association, namely, plague bacilli plus pyogenic bacteria, is difficult to give. It is well known that the latter grow luxuriantly to the extermination of the former, and that in well marked suppurating plague buboes, plague bacilli are difficult to find.

It would be interesting to determine, how far these secondary infecting or- ganisms go in the production of the typical plague bubo with its spreading and far reaching hæmorrhagic extravasation.

In general terms, it may be stated, that secondary infection with pyogenic bacteria occurs during the earliest stages of bubonic formation. The B. pestis is abundant during the first stages of the bubo. During the later stages, the B.

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pestis is absent or at least difficult to find. I have never yet been able to make cultures direct from such buboes, even although these were just developing. Notwithstanding the utmost precautions, cocci were always found present, and the presence of these were even found in microscopic preparations of smears of the bubo, stained by GRAM's method. In conclusion, my experience leads me to believe that the puriform discharge from a suppurating bubo, is not dangerous so far as plague infection is concerned.

II. Indirect Elimination.-In order for such a process to take place, two conditions must be fulfilled. In the first, the causal germs must be present in the blood stream, and in the second, these germs must pass the barriers set up by the secreting epithelium. In my opinion, the first of these conditions is fulfilled in the case of plague. It is in reality a septicemic disorder. The B. pestis is found in the general circulation and multiplies there.

The fate awaiting the bacilli in the blood is of a varied nature. The bac- tericidal action of the blood itself accounts for the death of a few bacilli. Others meet their end in the spleen and bone marrow. The pathological condition of the blood is of great interest in plague. There would appear to be little known in regard to its conditions in such a disease. Several interesting points have been observed by myself in regard to plague blood, but I do not venture to furnish details at present owing to the incompleteness of my results.

In regard to the part played by the various secretions and excretions, one may say the following. The kidneys, under physiological circumstances, do not eliminate micro-organisms (WyssO-KOWITSCH). In plague, the kidneys almost always participate in the general pathological process. Albumin is present in the urine, and there is every reason to believe that plague bacilli are actively elimin- ated in the urine.

Just as in other diseases, the condition of the urine, and other excretions are of great importance in regard to their infectivity in convalescent cases of plague and in latent cases of the disease. In typhoid and many other infectious diseases, the causal agents are known to harbour in the body for considerable periods of time. They rarely reinfect an individual who harbours them, but are of suffi- cient virulence to occasion widespread infection.

In plague, the same method obtains importance. Such bacilli are either con- stantly or periodically

periodically discharged from the body and unless destroyed constitute fresh foci of infection.

The question in regard to latent cases in plague is of equally great signifi- cance. That latency in infectious disease is an important factor in influencing the principles of prophylaxis is becoming more and more recognised daily. I see no reason to doubt the occurrence of latent plague in man. The researches of GOTSCHLICH, BITTER and many others are a sufficient guarantee of its frequent occurrence. I am convinced of its presence amongst rats. Many instances of such in rats have come before my notice.

Latent plague in rats would appear to be an important factor in regard to the bridging over of plague epidemics in rats and man.

I have no data of my own in regard to the elimination of the B. pestis through the other secretions of the body, e.g., the salivary, lacrymal, intestinal or sebaceous glands, etc.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Significance of Air as a Carrier of Plague Infection.

The significance of air in the spread of infectious diseases has been thoroughly investigated by FLÜGGE and his school. It has been demonstrated that the trans- mission of disease by such a means must be occasioned by one of two methods:-

(1.) By dust.

(2.) By so called drop infection.

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The part played by air in the dissemination of infective diseases is dependent upon the vitality possessed by the causal agents of these diseases. If the exciting agent be capable of an extracorporeal or saprophytic existence, air will obtain an important place amongst the methods of spread of such an infection. On the other hand, and this is true of the majority of infectious diseases, should the pathogenic bacteria be obligately parasitic or facultatively saprophytic, the chances are against the air playing an important role in the spread of such diseases.

The latter is true of plague. The B. pestis thrives best in contact with living tissues. On reaching the external air it meets with many harmful influences. These render it innocuous or cause its death.

The possibility of the transmission of plaque infection through dust may be passed over as unimportant.

The spread of plague by so called drop infection, however, is of great im- portance. This method of conveyance of infective viri, has been the subject of thorough investigation by FLÜGGE and his pupils, and its significance as a mode of the spread of pathogenic micro-organisms has become widely recognised during the past few years.

By drop infection, we mean, the direct conveyance of infective viri from one person to another by means of microscopic particles of sputum. Such particles of sputum are widely diffused into the external air during the acts of speaking, coughing, or sneezing, etc. In this way, it is possible for plague bacilli in the sputum of plague infected individuals to be scattered broadcast into the surround- ing atmosphere, the infected particles probably being inhaled by persons in the immediate neighbourhood. It must be borne in mind that such a spread of infection does not take place at any considerable distance. Actual contact or close association with such plague patients would appear necessary in order for the occurrence of infection.

In plague, the part played by drop infection is limited almost entirely to cases of primary pneumonic plague. In this type of the disease the bacilli ejected with the sputum are said to possess high degrees of virulence. Considerable risk, therefore, is run by medical men, nurses, and attendants on such cases, especially so should they be in close association with pneumonic plague patients at a time during which any sudden respiratory effort is made.

The actual sputum itself, does not appear to possess any terrors. The col- lected sputum is of no greater danger than any of the other infected secretions or excretions.

The sputum in cases of so called secondary pneumonia in septicemic plague, is also dangerous, but less so apparently than that ejected by patients suffering from primary pneumonic plague.

In ordinary cases of septicemic plague, with or without bubonic formations. drop infection is of no importance.

The history of plague epidemics in recent years appears to relegate to air infection in general no important part in the spread of the disease. In the accounts of plague in India we find mention made by the members of the Austrian, German, and English Commissions, etc., of the apparent immunity of attendants in plague hospitals.

MÜLLER, of the Austrian Plague Commission, states that during the epidemic in Bombay none of the attendants contracted plague. They were constantly in close contact with all types of the disease, they nursed the cases, cleansed them, removed the sputum, foeces, and other excreta, washed the clothing and bedding, yet not a single instance of plague occurred amongst them.

Again the majority of them were barefooted, and frequently had abrasions on their feet. Further, medical officers in charge of plague hospitals do not contract the disease. Again, patients presenting indefinet symptoms are frequent- ly sent to Hospital for observation. They are soon diagnosed as ordinary pneu- monia, malaria, etc., and treated accordingly. Such patients frequently have to lie in a bed alongside a pronounced case of plague. The ward may be full of other

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plague cases. There are few if any authentic instances where the disease has been communicated to such patients after their admission into the ward of a plague hospital.

The experience in Hongkong is the same. WILM reported the rareness of the disease amongst those engaged by the Sanitary Authorities to carry out the removal of plague cases and the disinfection of plague infected houses.

I have also observed the relative insusceptibility of the attendants on plague cases in the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital.

In wards full of plague cases of all types of the disease, the air, if it were a fertile ground for the dissemination of the infecting attendants, medical men, etc., who, beyond washing their hands in dilute Jeye's fluid, take practically no other precaution.

The report of the various Commissions, and in particular the Indian Plague Commission, are strongly against the air as a spreader of plague infection.

They state: Plague does not spread in a hospital. It has been stated in India that the ward of a plaque hospital is one of the s fest places during an epidemic.

Again plague patients have been treated successfully in well ventilated rooms of their own residences without any extension of the disease to the other in- mates of the house.

The importance of the spread of plague by air is apparently insignificant.. That such a thing does occur is true. Generally speaking, primary pneumonic plague is mainly spread by drop infection. Septicemic plague is in all probability rarely spread by dust or air..

Pneumonic plague cases ought to be strictly isolated. Septicemic plague cases may be isolated, provided there exists a well equipped Infectious Diseases Hospital.

The reports made by THOMPSON on the treatment of plague in Sydney are confirmative of the foregoing. In hospitals in the tropics. there would appear to be little chance of the spread of a disease like plague through the air. With open doors and windows, etc., the chances of such a mode of infection are reduced to a minimum. In such free air there is an enormous dilution of the infectious material and this is supplemented by air currents producing energetic mixing and rapid transport of pathogenic germs.

Further, pathogenic bacteria soon disappear from the air. They adhere to floors, walls, trees, etc., and die as the result of various well known extraneous and deleterious influences.

Even although these germs are in the vicinity of man, they can rarely be inspired by him owing to the weak suction power of his inspiratory stream, com- pared with the much greater velocity of the wind-driven infectious material.

Until quite recently our ideas in regard to the bacterial content of the air, and its role in infection, were much exaggerated.

Recent investigations, particularly those made by FLÜGGE's school, have clarified our opinions in regard to this medium and considerably reduced the importance of air as a medium of infection.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

Water and Water Supplies in Plague.

Plague would appear not to be spread by water. Opinions are widely divergent as to the length of life of the B. pestis in water.

In ordinary tap water, I have kept the organism alive for 15 days at the room temperature during the cool season of the year.

In distilled water, which in itself is bactericidal, it dies in about 3 days.

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Its length of life in sea water would appear to be longer. This may be due to the presence of quantities of sodium chloride. WUNTZ and BOURGE found it alive in sea water after 47 days.

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After viewing all the evidence available in regard to the presence of plague bacilli in water, one may conclude that the chances are against such a mode of infection. The strict supervision of water supplies and the recommendations of the Venice Conference in regard to water tanks on ships, etc., in the presence of infection, must be attended to. but there is no necessity to push the preventive measures further than the general principles underlying the continual preservation of a supply of good potable water.

Amongst the native population, water used for potable purposes may become contaminated, and wells, etc., may become dangerous for the time being through the infection of the water with fœces and urine.

Instances of this are only exceptional. The B. pestis and its relation to water would not appear to have the same significance as in the cases of the Bacillus typhosus and the Vibrio choleræ.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Chances of Infection from Plague Corpses.

In almost every country where plague is rampant, the question has arisen as to the disposal of the bodies of individuals and animals dead from the disease.

The opinion is widely diffused amongst the laity, and even among a certain class of physicians, that such plague corpses are sources of great danger, and that special precautions ought to be taken to insure the general public against any chance of infection from such a source. Such a general expression of opinion, is given even at the present day.

In many countries where plague is endemic, one finds isolated areas of ground set apart for the reception of every plague corpse. Such is designated "The Plague Cemetery."

These views have been handed down to us by our forefathers. They still hold sway in the minds of those in authority. They must be relegated to the pre-bacteriological era of our knowledge of infectious diseases, a time during which, practically no proof was available as to the exact meaning of the term infection, the agents of infection and the different modes of dissemination of infection.

With a possession of the knowledge of many of the causal agents of specific infectious diseases, many of the narrow minded and dogmatic principles of pro- phylaxis of olden time, have disappeared. We are in a much better position to-day to assert, what is and what is not dangerous to public health.

In the case of plague corpses, man o animal, all the evidence available, and such is bulky, shows that properly buried plague corpses are in no degree more dangerous than other dead bodies.

In fact special plague cemeteries, from a health point of view, are of no value. Such a statement is made upon facts ascertained by direct observation and experiment.

Plague bacilli have an extremely limited existence in the dead body. It must be remembered that this organism, so far as we know. possesses no means of preserving its species for an indefinite length of time outside the living tissues of man and animals. We know of no prolonged saprophytic existence of the B. pestis.

The behaviour of the plague bacillus in a plague corpse is something after the following.

During the first twenty-four hours after death the B. pestis multiplies rapidly. Subsequent to this period and the death of all the organs and tissues, the organisin becomes le-s numerous, lost in the colossal growth of the numerous saprophytes, present in all dead bodies, and rapidly dies.

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The longest time on record for the persistence of the B. pestis in a dead body is 30 days (YOKOTE, Cent. f. Bakt., 1898).

It is extremely probable, however, that in most cases, the bacilli are dead long before this time. The observations have usually been on the dead bodies of small animals, e.g., Guinea pigs. In the human body, the chances are that the plague bacillus would survive for a much shorter period of time.

Further, a good deal depends upon the general nourishment of the body. Plague corpses do not usually present inuch abnormal in this respect. Climatic influences also affect the life of the B. pestis. In a semi-tropical climate, like that of Hongkong, where decomposition is usually so rapid, plague bacilli must quickly disappear, or be rendered inert within a few days after the death of the individual.

Again, plague bacilli have never been found in the earth surrounding coffins containing plague corpses. This is important when we remember that the length of life the B. pestis in ordinary earth may be considerable. GLADIN (Cent. f. Bakt., 1898) found the organism alive after one to two months.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Spread of Plague Infection by Insects.

The spread of bacterial infection in general by insects has been the subject of widespread discussion within the past few years. This is due mainly to the possibility which has arisen in regard to the mode of infection in plague and the possible spread of the disease by such means.

The spread of infection by insects is by no means a new subject. It has been discussed for ages. So far as plague is concerned, history supplies us with very early records of its supposed spread by way of insects.

In the year 1498 Bishop KNUD of Aarhus noted "that the first sign of the approach of plague is a change in the weather with excessive fog and rain and the appearance of large numbers of flies."

This observation seems to have been forgotten because, until quite recently the role played by insects in the spread of plague or even other infectious diseases, was passed over as unimportant and undeserving of scientific investigation.

During recent years, however, quite a revival of the old doctrine has taken place, and numerous contributions have been made to scientific literature in regard to this subject.

The literature is so voluminous, fragmentary and scattered, that it has only been after careful and prolonged searching, that anything like a comprehensive review of the present state of our knowledge, has been possible.

It has seemed probable to many investigators that insects do play an impor- tant part in the spread of infection. In certain diseases, there is no doubt of the fact. One has only to live in a country which is malarious to satisfy one's self as to the role played by these pestiferous mosquitoes, namely, the species of anopheles. The East may be regarded as the breeding ground in chief of all sorts of insect life and such is rampant in China. Opportunities are afforded in the far East for the study of such species, and in a place like Hongkong, no better chances could be offered to establish or disestablish the doctrine of the insect spread of plague. Leaving the subject of plague for the present, it seems necessary, in order to grasp the subject under consideration, to consider certain points. Summing up the means at the disposal of insects for the transmission of an infectious virus, we arrive at the following:-

I. The factors necessary for the infection of the insect.

(a.) The deposition of germs on the surface of the insect.

(b.) The introduction of viri into the intestine of insects. (c.) The virulence of the virus infecting the insect.

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II. The mechanism of the infection.

(a.) In suctorial insects.

(b.) In non-suctorial insects.

III. The relations between insect species and animal species.

IV. The relation between infected clothing and suctorial insects.

V. The infection of food, etc., by insects.

I. The factors necessary for infection of insects.

If an insect comes into contact with micro-organisms of an infectious nature, the latter may be deposited either on the surface of the body of the insect, e.g., the feet, wings, etc., or in the alimentary canal of the insect.

(a.) Deposition of germs on the surface of the insect.

The

It must be admitted that such a deposition is an every day occurrence. bodies and appendages of insects are covered with bacteria of all kinds, the nature of the latter being dependent upon the surroundings. Under ordinary conditions and in the absence of infectious diseases, the occurrence of such micro-organisms on the body surfaces of flies, etc., is of no great practical importance.

It is only when we have to deal with diseases known to be caused by patho- genic bacteria and to which germs, insects may have access, that the question be- comes one of great epidemiological importance.

Quite a number of researches have been published dealing with the presence of pathogenic bacteria on the body surface of insects.

Cholera vibrios have been found by SIMMONDS on flies (Centralb f. Bakt, Bd. IV), anthrax bacilli by HEIM on various insects (Compt. rend. No. 3, 1894). and PROUST and YERSIN have made similar observations (Bullet. de l'Acad. de Médicine, 1894).

During the epidemic of plague in 1903, I had the opportunity of examining a large number of flies. At the Public Mortuary flies were a great pest during the summer months. A similar condition of affairs was found in the Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital. The flies from both places were frequently examined bacteriologically for plague bacilli. From the attached table, it is seen that at least 75% of such examined showed the presence of plague bacilli. The presence of plague bacilli on the bodies of the flies did not appear to affect their life. There was no increased death-rate amongst flies during the epidemic of plague.

The bacteriological examination of these insects was conducted in the follow- ing way.

The flies on being caught were soaked in sterile normal saline or in bouillon. From this plate cultivations were made. The results were usually verified by animal experiment. Again, in other cases the flies were broken up in similar solutions and the routine methods proceeded with. The results obtained after washing the body, surface of the fly were only occasionally positive. Those obtained from the crushed insect were highly satisfactory. One must remember that it is possible to obtain a negative result from the washings of the body surface, but a positive result from the contents of the alimentary canal and vice

versa.

Further, it is also probable that flies may convey plague bacilli on their backs. so to speak for some considerable distance.

Small pieces of sugar, previously tested for the presence of plague bacilli, introduced into sterilised test tubes containing plague infected flies, have been found to contain plague bacilli when tested experimentally.

This is a most important observation from a domestic point of view, especially during plague epidemics.

I cannot confirm the statements of NUTTALL (Centralb. f. Bakt. Bd. 22) and YERSIN (Annal. Pasteur. Tome 8, 1894) that flies die soon when infected with plague bacilli.

As has been already mentioned, I have never seen an increased death rate amongst these insects during plague seasons.

577

Again, mosquitoes of the Culex variety have been examined for plague bacilli but always with a negative result.

Pediculi of several species also gave negative results.

Bugs, on the other hand, I have found, according to the methods already described, to harbour plague bacilli on the surface of their bodies. Cockroaches (Blatta orientalis) also preserve plague bacilli on their body surfaces.

This again is important, as the disgusting insect is found in large numbers, especially in store rooms and cupboards. About the same time as I was carrying on my experi- ments. similar observations were being made in the Health Department of Bris- bane by Mr. C. J. POUND. Extremely strong evidence is brought forward in favour of the role played by cockroaches in the transmission of plague. The following was noted by Mr. POUND. "In a room specially set apart for keeping all inoculated animals were two large stands with wide shelves on which long lead lined trays about two inches deep, and containing carbolic acid, were placed. Standing in these trays and surrounded by the carbolic acid solution were various strong glass jars containing experimental animals. Each jar contained only one animal-a Guinea pig, rat or mouse. The jars were covered with a mosquito proof fine wire gauze lid. On one occasion a healthy Guinea pig, that was being kept as a control for certain experiments, suddenly became sick and after three days it died. Post-mortem and bacteriological examination proved that this Guinea pig had died from a generalised form of plague, but no lesion was found to indicate that it had been infected through the skin. A careful examination revealed the fact that in the zinc binding of the wire cover there were several very young cockroaches. These were promptly destroyed. On examination of the covers of the other adjoining jars, more young cockroaches were discovered. These cockroaches had become hidden in the zinc lining of the covers when the jars were not in use, and standing on the shelf alone, unprotected by the tray of carbolic solution.

As soon as a jar was occupied by an experimental animal the cockroaches that had been hidden from view in the zinc lining during the day time would, after dark, crawl down the inside of the jar and feed on the animals' food. Apparently, before their presence was discovered some of these cockroaches had fallen from a jar contain- ing a plague infected animal into the carbolic solution, and then swam either to the jar containing the healthy Guinea pig or to the side of the tray, and then hid away in the cover of an empty jar. In any case it was more than probable that the food had become contaminated with plague bacilli.

The

In order to ascertain whether the cockroaches had anything to do with the transmission of plague, a healthy Guinea pig was placed in a sterilised jar covered with the usual wire lid, but whose zinc lining was free from cockroaches. jar was placed on the shelf, but not on the tray. In the course of a few days young cockroaches made their appearance and, as usual, lived during the day time in the zinc lining. Eventually the Guinea pig sickened and died of plague.

After this experience, the whole of the building and everything such as shelves, benches. jar, etc., were subjected to thorough and repeated disinfection and all holes and crevices carefully closed. The result is that no cockroaches have been seen since, and although every day during the past eight months numbers of plague and healthy Guinea pigs and rats have been kept in the same jars and standing in the same trays, no symptom of the disease has appeared in any animal unless specially infected."

In my opinion the lesson taught us by this experiment is of great importance. My own result showed the presence of plague bacilli on the body surfaces of this insect, and also in its alimentary canal. Coupling these two results together, therefore, we have strong evidence in favour of the fact that cockroaches dis- seminate plague bacilli. As is well known these insects are most frequently found in houses, and particularly in places where food stuffs are conserved. A conclusion which appears justified from these results, is that in all probability cockroaches play an important role in plaque infected districts, and that extreme danger exists when these insects can gain access to plague infected places, and further that in all probability food stuffs are frequently plague infected by contact with cockroaches on or in which plague bacilli are present.

578

(b.) Introduction of Viri into the Intestine of Insects.-Just as in the case of germs on the surface of the body of insects, so also do we find bacteria of the most varied species in the alimentary canal of these animals. The majority of such micro-organisms are harmless and non-pathogenic for man.

In certain cases, however, bacteria may be present in the digestive tract and excrement of insects which are capable of setting up disease in man. By their presence in the fœces of these animals, such pathogenic micro-organisms may become widely scattered in nature, and the role played by such insects of the greatest importance in regard to the spread of certain diseases. The evidence is very strong that infectious material may be widely disseminated in nature through the excrement of insects. Research and experimental study have pointed to the great possibility of such an occurrence in nature.

SPILLMANN and HAUSHALTER (BAUMGARTEN'S Jahresberichte, Bd. III, 1887) have found the Tubercle Bacillus in the fœces of flies fed on tubercular sputum and a searching investigation by CELLI (Bull. del. Soc. Lancis. deg. osped d. Roma. Fasc. I, 1888) showed that by feeding experiments, the tubercle bacillus, vibrio choler, bacillus typhosus, bacillus anthracis, and staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, could be recovered from the dejecta of the artificially infected flies. SAWTCHENKI (Revue d'Hygiène, Tome XV, 1872) succeeded in cultivating the vibrio choleræ from the faces of flies fed on cholera bouillon. So far my own experiments have been limited to the plague bacillus. After numerous ex- periments, the B. pestis has been found in the alimentary canal and fœces of flies. Such plague bacilli were found to he virulent, and set up typical plague in artifi- cially inoculated animals, e.g., the rat. Large numbers of the flies caught in the Public Mortuary were found to contain plague bacilli in their fœces. Of those caught in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, a much less number were found infected in this way. These facts alone, prove how widely such insects as flies may disseminate the specific germs, and show us that in plague infected areas, every precaution possible ought to be taken to prevent access of flies to infected material.

Again, I have obtained similar positive results with bugs. spiders, and a few cockroaches. These experiments show us the possibility of micro-organisms finding a refuge in the body of an insect where it may multiply indefinitely and by way of its excrement distribute its progeny over wide areas.

That is to say, given such an occurrence we have before us a means whereby any particular species of pathogenic micro-organism may become widely diffused in nature and give rise to widespread disease. In Hongkong, where insects abound and become in themselves a est, ample opportunity is afforded for the spread of plague by such means. Foods, articles of diet, cooking utensils, fruit, etc., are constantly being attacked by such insects, and should the latter be infected or their infected dejecta be deposited on such articles, the conditions necessary for the spread of the disease are complete. Many of the foods consumed are cooked previous to their being used, but fruits and many articles of diet used by the Chinese which are swallowed in the uncooked or cold condition are liable to the grossest contamination.

(c.) The Virulence of the Virus infecting the Insect.-In connection with this point, it is important to bear in mind that although the infection of the insect is natural and the bacteria in question are living and virulent, there is a vast difference so far as the possibility of conveyance or infection is concerned between micro- organisms which are deposited on the surface of the body and those which are introduced into the alimentary canal. HEIM (Compt. Rend. No. 3, 1894) has found living and virulent authrax bacilli on the surface of the body of various insects. PROUST (Bullet. de l'Académie de Médicine, 1894), YERSIN (Annal. d'Hygiène, 1899) and others have made similar observations. SIMMOND (Annal, Pasteur, Tome 12, 1898) found the vibrio cholera depcsited on the surface of the bodies of flies. The effects produced by drying, killed these vibrios in 11⁄2 hours.

In regard to the intestine, the reports of different investigators vary. CELLI (Bulletin Lancisiana, 1888) and ALESSI have found living anthrax bacilli in the dejections of flies. SAWTCHENKI. (Rev. d'Hyg. T. 15, 1892), HOFMANN (Korres- pondenz-blatt, Sachsen, 1888, No. 12) and others found cholera vibrio in the intestines of insects.

579

And what is most important, YERSIN (Annal. Pasteur, T. 13, 1899), WILM (Hyg. Rundschau, 1897), ABEL (Cent. f. Bakt. Bd. 21), HANKIN (Cent. f. Bakt. Bd. 22), SIMOND (Annal. Pasteur, 1898), NUTTALL (Cent. f. Bakt. Bd. 23) and others have shown the presence of plague bacilli in the intestines of flies, fleas, bugs, mosquitoes, ants and moths.

These results, some of which I have verified, certainly show the frequent presence of plague bacilli and other micro-organisms in the intestines of insects. Given, however, this fact, an important point to consider is what are their chances of spreading the disease for which they are responsible.

According to HANKIN (Cent. f. Bakt. Bd. 22) plague bacilli remain virulent for some considerable time in the intestines of ants. In the intestines of flies they remain virulent for 48 hours or more. In the intestines of bugs and fleas plague bacilli die rapidly. Similar results have been published by NUTTALL, SIMOND, and others who showed in addition, that in some cases, such micro-organisms have their virulence altered by such a passage through the alimentary canal of an insect. In the case of flies, plague bacilli pass through the intestine uninjured. In the case of bugs and fleas, the virulence of plague bacilli would appear to be lowered by such a passage.

With so little time at my disposal this part of the research had not received that amount of attention which it merits. The conclusions drawn by different scientists in regard to the subject are so varied that at present one must accepr the results with reserve. So far as we know, some micro-organisms pass through the intestines of insects uninjured, others have their virulence diminished, while, according to one investigator Cao (Ufficiale sanitario, 1898) some non- pathogenic bacteria gain virulence on passing through thr alimentary canal of certain insects, e. g., the Periplaneta orientalis. The latter observation, however, is an isolated one. Again it must be borne in mind, that different insects will react to different bacteria and infections in different ways.

In regard to the question of the vitality of micro-organisms on or in the body of insects, we must always take into account the effects of drying and sunlight on the one hand, and the action of chemical and bacterial products in the alimentary canal on the other hand.

II. The Mechanism of the Infection.-That diseases are communicated to man through the agency of insects is a fact established beyond dispute. The investi- gations of the last decade have revealed to us the important role played by insects in the dissemination of certain diseases. The mosquito and its relation to malaria and filiariasis and other diseases may be instanced, and year by year there is being added to our knowledge an accumulation of facts bearing upon the insectiverous spread of disease. So far these investigations are limited to diseases which are occa- sioned by parasites of a certain degree of organisation, parasites which pass through a definite cycle of changes during their development, either in the body of the host or intermediate host. These changes are complicated and show that in these parasites we have to deal with an organism which, in its mode of development and conditions of life, is something very different from germs of the type of cocci, bacteria, or vibrios. The latter are organisms of an altogether different type from the plasmodium malaria. Convincing observations are wanting at present to prove the direct transference by an insect of any coccus, bacterium or vibrio which is the causal agent of a definite specific infectious disease, to the tissues of man. In the case of malaria or filiariasis there exists a special mechanism through which the parasite gains the human body but no such process is indicated in regard to the dissemination of pathogenic microbes by insects. It would rather appear from the standpoint of our present knowledge that the direct inoculation of the human subject with pathogenic parasites by means of an insect, is limited to a class of organism considerably removed and higher in the scale of development than those simple cocci, bacteria, or vibrios which are the causal agents of so many infectious diseases. Taking up the question of the mechanism of infection at this point, we find numerous observations in literature in regard to the direct connection be- tween insects and disease. The majority of the examples cited in literature are isolated observations, and their importance from a modern epidemiological point of view is extremely doubtful. For instance, gnats were held responsible for the occurrence of abscesses, bugs for relapsing fever, mosquitoes for leprosy, and ants, emmets and other insects for plague.

580

It is obvious, however, that in order to grasp the mechanism of infection fully, one must distinguish between insects which are able to make a wound and those which are not. The latter may be left out of consideration for the present. The mechanism of infection by non-suctorial insects will be discussed under a separate heading. Such insects should they harbour pathogenic bacteria, can only become dangerous in an indirect way.

(a.) Suctorial Insects.-Numerous species of insects suck the blood of man and animals. Each country has its collection of such animals and it is quite out of the province of the present manuscript to deal with the actual species of insects biting man. Mosquitoes, fleas, bugs, gnats, ants, etc. are found all over the world, and if suctorial insects are the means of spreading infectious diseases directly by their bite, it becomes a difficult problem to sift out those which are most culpable. Mosquitoes may be dismissed in a sentence. I have examined numerous mosquitoes, caught in the Kennedy Town Plague Hospital, during an epidemic of plague and at a time when the wards were practically full of cases of plague, but in every instance I have failed to find the B. pestis. Many of the mosquitoes were caught under the nets of beds containing plague patients, yet, although these had sucked a considerable quantity of blood from the patient, no plague bacilli could be found. Emulsions of these mosquitoes were injected into rats with a negative result. It will be well to mention here, that even although plague bacilli had been found in their stomachs, it is difficult to explain how they could convey the infection to another individual in the absence of some special mechanism. Allow- ing the faces of the mosquito to contain plague bacilli, then, should the insect defacate on the individual's skin during the act of sucking, the subsequent scratch- ing by the individual might possibly inoculate the puncture wound. Such an infection, however, must be regarded as distinctly secondary, through a wound in the skin and not directly due to the action of the insect itself. Its occurrence must be rare. A puncture wound, such as made by a suctorial insect, becomes closed almost immediately after its infliction owing to the reactive changes which occur at once around the wound.

My absence to find plague bacilli in mosquitoes is in accordance with the views already expressed by the members of the Austrian and German Plague Commis- sions. Again if mosquitoes played an important role in the direct dissemination of plague infection, doctors, nurses, and attendants in our Plague Hospital, where such insects abound, would have little chance of escaping infection.

Fleas. These insects have been the objects of much investigation and particularly in regard to role played by them in the spread of plague. As a result of this, the genus has been thoroughly worked out and the various individual species tested for their plague carrying powers. It is asserted by BATTLEHUER that at least 60 to 80 different species of fleas exist and that each species is restricted to a definite animal. That is to say we have rat fleas, dog fleas, etc. These fleas are not supposed to bite man. According to GALLI VALERIO (Cent. f. Bakt. Bd. 27, 1900) the human flea is different morphologically from animal fleas, especially the rat flea.

The human flea, however, is cosmopolitan. It prefers the blood of man, but in the absence of that, it can accomodate itself and feed upon the blood of other animals. Again, it must be remembered that there undoubtedly exists a predis- position on the part of certain individuals to fleas. Certain human beings are almost immune to fleas, e.g., fleas do not bite them; other persons are decidedly susceptible, and are attacked and bitten whenever an opportunity presents itself. Probably the same obtains in regard to different animal species.

During the past few

years, in fact ever since the rat theory of the spread of plague became prominent, many experiments have been undertaken in order to determine whether plague infection in the rat is conveyed to man by way of rat fleas. The experimental evidence which has been obtained is so far of a most unsatisfactory nature. SIMOND (Annal. Pasteur, Bd. 12, 1898), who has given a great deal of attention to this subject, came to the conclusion that Indian rat fleas bite man and that rat fleas spread plague from one rat to another and also to the human species.

At this point it will be well to remember that the dead bodies of rats while still warm, are infested with fleas, but when the body becomes cold and stiff, these insects migrate. So that so far as fleas are concerned, the dead bodies of rats

581

tha

cannot be regardel as dangerous. GALLI VALERIO (Cent. f. Bakt. BI. 27), NUT- TALL (Hyd. Rundschau Bd. 9, 1899), KoLLE (Deut. Med. Wochenschr, 1902) and others have shown that SIMOND's conclusions go too far and PFEIFFER holds the experiments conducted by SIMONDS do not justify so conclusive an opin ion and notes the fact that in In lia insects in general were found to be of no great epidemiological importance.

Without going deeper into detail, it may be said that the general results obtained by direct observation and experiment go to show that fleas play an unimportant role in the direct spread of plaque. Experiments in regard to this question have also been carried out in Hongkong. In 1902. Professor SIMPSON and myself endeavoured to procure the infection of healthy rats and monkeys by plague infected rat fleas. The results were entirely negative. The details of these experiments are given in Professer SIMPSON's Plague Report, page 56.

Again in connection with my duties in supervising the routine examination of rats, plague or otherwise, I have frequently hil occasion to examine the nature of the vermin found on these ani nals. I have had these fleas on my hands. and arms, giving them an opportunity to bite, but so far they have refused my blood.

I ain strongly of the opinion that fleas are restricte i, as GAERTNER, Kolle, Galli- VALERIO, NUTTALL and others assert, to definite animal species and this coupled with the negative results obtained by experiment, is gol established evidence, that plaque infected fleas are of no practical importance in regard to the spread of plague.

ASHBURTON THOMPSON, in his Plague Report for 1902, reports as follows on rat fleas:-"It is found to be well founded that the species of fleas which infest rats seem, on the one hand, not to infest man, but, on the other, to have no repugnance to him."

In general, the production of plague infection in animals by the bite of plague infected fleas is a rarity. Fleas may leave the plague infected body, human or otherwise, and bite healthy subjects, but the question is, do they infect the latter? The general experience in other countries points to a negative reply. Even although the flea contains plague bacilli in its stomach or intestines, there is so far no satisfactory evidence of any danger through the puncture bite of such an insect.

The

Bugs.-The ordinary bed bug-Cimex lectularis-has been held responsible for the spread of plague, but the evidence upon which the conclusion is based is not, on careful analysis, of a convincing nature. Such insects may bite and suck the blood of a plague infected in lividual. It does not necessarily follow that such bugs are able to communicate the disease directly to other animals or man, experimental evidence in the case of these insects is almost entirely negative. The most important experimental results were obtained by NUTTALL (John Hopkins Hospital Reports. viii, 1899). Twenty-two bugs were allowed to suck the blood of a mouse dying of plague. The bugs were immediately placed on four healthy mice. None of these mice contracted plague.

Again experiments were made along the same lines with anthrax, chicken cholera, and mouse septicemia, but although mice are extremely susceptible to these diseases, none contracted the diseases after being bitten severely with the infected bugs. I had several opportunites of examining numbers of bugs bacterio- logically for the presence of plague bacilli. These insects were usually obtained from houses in which cases of human plague had occurred. In many instances plague bacilli were found after emulsions of the animals had been made and cultures and experimental tests applied. Further details are unnecessary as the same remarks apply to buys as already detailed under the subject of fleas.

Pediculi.-A number of these insects was obtained from plague patients in the Kennedy Town Hospital. A considerable number was examined but a nega- tive result was obtained. These animals would not appear to play a great part in the spread of plague.

(b) Non-suctorial Insects.-A considerable number of details in regard to this class of insect has already been given. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria on the body surfaces of flies, cockroaches, etc., has been referred to on several occasions. Plague bacilli were found by myself on the surface of flies and the result confirmed by animal experiment. The observations in regard to the spread

582

of plague by cockroaches is of the greatest importance and the role played by these animals, flies and other non-suctorial insects in the indirect spread of plague infec- tion is one which, from a prophylactic point of view, must never be forgotten.

It is the indirect spread of plague infection which insects accomplish. From what has already been said, it will be evident that suctorial insects are not of such importance as some observers would argue. The indirect spread of plague by insects is requiring of more investigation. By flies, cockroaches, etc, there is no saying how far and how extensive the infection may have reached. All varieties of food stuffs, fruit, clothing, household articles and general utensils are liable to such contamination. Flies, etc. may obtain the specific agents from a variety of sources, e.g., human secretions excretions, rats, or other infected articles, and subse- quently transport these germs of plague to any object upon which they may chance to alight.

III.-Relations between insect species and animal species. These relations have already been discussed, particularly under the subject of fleas Further investigation is necessary but the evidence already brought forward is mostly in favour of definite insect species feeding upon definite animal species. So far as I know the subject has only been investigated in regard to the genus flea The question as affecting bugs, lice, etc., has still to be unravelled.

IV-Relation between infected clothing and insects.-This is important if we grant that the wounds made in the skin of man by suctorial insects are capable of being secondarily infected through scratching and infected clothing Reliable instances of the occurrence of such a mode of infection in plague have so far not been obtained. The scratching of the skin subsequent to an insect bite may produce secondary inflammations. These are caused by the presence of pyogenic cocci lying deeply in the folds and glandular ducts of the skin. In my opinion, however, it is scarcely possible, or or at least it must be extremely rare, to trace the avenue of infection to such va source.

V.-The Infection of food by insects.-This appears to me to be the most important role played by insects in the dissemination of plague infection. The method is an indirect one. The question as to its occurrence has already been muted, particularly in regard to flies, cockroaches, etc., and in Hongkong where insects of all kinds become in themselves pestiferous during certain seasons of the year, including the epidemic plague season, it appears to me not improbable in the light of my results and others, that this part played by insects is dangerous to public health to an extreme degree. That infectious diseases may be spread in this way has already been proved. Flies are undoubtedly carriers of infection from place to place and are known to be excellent distributers of all varieties of micro- organisms. The spread of typhoid fever by flies in the South African Forces, described by zum Buscи and others, and the results obtained by the United States Army Medical Commission in the Spanish American War in regard to enteric fever, are excellent examples of such a spread of infection by insects. Again the experimentally proved occurrence of the infection of food by flies which had previously been in contact with cholera dejecta is another instance of such a process.

The infection of food by insects would appear to be a commoner mode of spread of the disease than is generally believed. As has already been men- tioned Pound's observation of the transmission of plague infection to food by the cockroach is a noteworthy point in this connection. My own experiments showed the presence of plague bacilli in cockroaches, and, as will be seen, plague bacilli have been found in food, namely, rice. It is not improbable that some connection exists between these. At the same time food may become infected through other agencies, namely, contact with plague infected material of varied nature and the secretions and excretions of plague infected inan and animals.

My own observations convince me that such a method of transmission of the disease is extremely common.

The infection of food and household utensils would appear to be the most important role played by insects in the spread of plague. The experiments made by Professor SIMPSON and myself in this Colony during 1902, point to the importance which must be attached to food as a factor to be reckoned with by those actively engaged in prosecuting the methods for the suppression and prevention of the disease.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF INSECTS.

583

No. DATE OF EXAMINATION.

NAME OF INSECT.

No.

EXAMINED.

ADDRESS.

RESULT OF EXAMINTION.

27th July, 1903.

Mosquito-Culex.

Kennedy Town Hospital. Caught inside net covering a patient suffering from plague.

No plague bacilli found.

28th July, 1903.

Do.

30th July, 1903.

Do.

1st July, 1903.

Flies-Musca domestica.

Kennedy Town Hospital. Caught in wards full of plague patients.

Do.

75% of the flies examined showed the presence of plague bacilli.

3rd July, 1093.

Do.

8th August, 1903.

Pediculi.

20-30

Do. Kennedy Town Hospital. Caught on patients suffering from plague.

45%

do.

No plague bacilli found.

10th September, 1903.

Do.

10-20

Do.

8th July, 1903.

Bugs-probably Cimex

109 Third Street-House in which 2 cases of plague occurred.

Do.

lectularis.

10th July, 1903.

Do.

20-30

From different houses in Third Street where plague cases occurred.

10% infected with plague bacilli.

24th May, 1903.

25th May, 1903.

Fleas.

Bugs-Same species as before.

About 20

About 10

No. 4 Sheung Fung Lane, where several cases of plague occurred.

No plague bacilli found.

Do.

28th May, 1903.

10th June, 1903.

Flies.

Spider.

15-20

Do.

10th June, 1903.

Bugs-Second instalment.

10-15

Do.

21st June, 1903.

Bugs.

15-20

109 Second Street 1st floor where 2 cases of plague occurred.

Do.

21st June, 1903.

Do.

10-12

109 Second Street from ground floor.

Plague bacilli found in a considerable number.

9th July, 1903.

Cockroaches.

About 10

Stall 88, Central Market.

14th July, 1903.

Do.

Central Market.

Several found plague infected.

One found plague infected.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

584

The Importance of Food in Plague.

The importance of food in plague appears to have attractel but scant attention. Apart from the researches of WILM, an examination of the literature on plague gives us no idea as to the question whether food is an important factor to be reckoned with in dealing with the prophylaxis of the disease. Soon after my arrival in the Colony, I conducted, along with Professor SIMPSON, certain experiments in regard to the susceptibility of various animals to plague infection. The general result of these experiments was, that the most certain method of producing plague infection in an animal supposed to be resistant was by feeding with plague infected material. Having elicited this fact, I set about an enquiry as to the possibility of the infection in plague being communicated to man by way of the food. I had already satisfied myself as to the existence of profund pathological changes in the stomach and intestines of indivi luals dead from the disease, and of the presence during the initial phase of plague of marked gastro- intestinal phenomena. The only point which appeared to me to complete the evidence was the possibility of demonstrating the plague bacillus in food staffs. Accordingly a large number of samples of food was submitted to me for bacterio- logical examination. Thirty-two different specimens were systematically teste !, and the results obtained are chronicled in the attached table. It seemed a pity that a larger number was not examined. This, however, was found impossible owing to the existence of numerous other duties connected with the epidemic of plague which was raging at the time. I trust opportunity will be found to investigate the question further. The present results are to be regarded as preliminary. They are of sufficient importance, however, to justify their being recorded, and add an important link to the chain of evidence in favour of the gastro-intestinal avenue of infection in plague.

The diet of the Chinese consists mainly of rice with the addition of pork, fish, fowls, etc. These are the staple articles of diet. The notion that mice, rats, dogs, cats are common articles of diet of the Chinese would appear to be erroneous. DYER BALL in his book on "Things Chinese" notes that rats, dogs and cats are occasionally consumed, but only by the lowest class of Chinese. The eating of dead rats would be of great importance in regard to the spread of plague. In Canton dried rats are exposed for sale in the shops. From our experience in Hongkong it is possible to convey plague to swine, fowls and other rats, etc., by feeding them on the dead bodies or individual organs of a plague infected rat.

Further, the coolie or pauper class Chinese supply the large number of cases during an epidemic of plague.

The methods of bacteriological examination, employed by me to isolate the various micro-organisms from the different samples of food are briefly the following:-

Small quantities of the particular food to be examined was thoroughly soaked and rubbed up in sterilised physiological saline solution, or in beef tea. By this means the micro-organisms present were isolate l as far as possible from the solid material. Plate cultivations were made from the solution before and after strong centrifugalisation. Stroke cultures on agar and blood serum tubes were also in- oculated. All the culture were kept at 35° C. The colonies found present were isolated on fresh nutrient media and biological tests and experiments made.

Centrifugalised deposits were also inoculated into animals, e.g., the rat, and positive results obtained. This method is most inconstant in its results owing to the presence of numerous other bacteria.

All the animals experimented with were previously tested for their condition of health. Some of the samples gave such large numbers of bacteria present, that it was impossible to determine their exact bacteriology.

Again one sample of rice when given to rats, set up plague in those animals, Further, I have infected rice artificially with beef tea cultures of plague, and obtained positive results on feeding rats with the mixture.

Guinea pigs also give similar results.

585

All foods in the natural condition contain many species of micro-organisms. The majority of these are harmless non-pathogenic germs. They consist mostly of cocci and bacteria, accompanied by moulds of several species. My result in regard to the general bacteriology of foods is in harmony with those obtained by other observers. My object, however, in carrying out this research, being the determination of the presence or absence of the plague virus in foods, special attention was paid to the latter. My research was crowned with success by the discovery of plague bacilli in considerable numbers in rice. Repeated examination of this food was made, and the result was always positive. The rice found infected was the cheapest and most inferior quality of the cereal. This quality is used as food by the majority of the poorer class of Chinese. If reference be made to the attached table it will be found that the samples Nos. 6 and 7 were contaminated with the B. pestis. There was no doubt about the micro-organism. Its presence was confirmed by experiments on rats.

Micro-organisms, morpho

Sample No. 15 must be regarded as suspicious. logically and biologically like the B. pestis, were found. The results of experiment were negative. 'ne is not justified, however, in declaring such a sample to be plague infected in the absence of positive experimental evidence.

Rice is the only food which I found infected. Further investigation would probably have led to other positive results, but the extension of the enquiry was impossible at the time. The discovery of the plague bacillus in food is not new. GLADIN (Cent. f. Bakt. Bil. 24, 1898) kept the B. pestis alive for more than three weeks in milk, albumin, potatoes, plums, apples, bread, etc.

This is of great importance, in my opinion, if we consider the large quantity of fruit consumed in raw state by the natives and Europeans in Hongkong. The question of the presence of infected fruit in our local markets, and the frequent consumption of fruit in the market by Europeans and natives alike must not be forgotten in tracing the sources of plague infection.

Again, the results of STADLER (Arch. f. Hygiene Bd. 35, 1889) are interesting. This observer found plague bacilli alive and virulent in pickled flesh, even after the process of pickling had been carried out for 16 days. So far as Hongkong is concerned this is important. It is known that pork is the chief meat of the Chinese in the south, so much so that the word meat is often used to mean pork. Further it is probable that the pickling or salting as done by the Chinese is not carried out in a scientific manner or without the admixture of a considerable amount of extraneous dirt.

The results obtained by HANKIN (Das Österr, Sanitätswesen, 1897) are similar to those obtained by myself. This investigator found that the length of life of the plague bacillus on gram was considerable.

Food as an important vehicle for the conveyance of infection, has been re- cognised for some considerable time. To show its importance in disease, it is only necessary to mention Typhoid fever, Cholera and Botulism.

Foods may (1.) Saprophytes are normally present in the food. Under ordinary condi- tions they are harmless. Occasionally, however, they take on a rapid growth, resulting in the production of considerable quantities of poisonous matter which excites disease. A good example is the presence of FLÜGGE'S peptonising bacteria in milk (Zeit. f. Hyg. Bd. 17, 1895).

become infected with bacteria in several ways.

(2.) Pathogenic bacteria may be conveyed to man through flesh or fluids obtained from sick animals. A well known example is tuberculosis. Such a thing has been proved to occur in experimental plague. It is easy to infect al- most any animal by feeding it with pieces of plague infected human spleens or blood. There is no reason to doubt the reverse of this experiment.

(3.) The causal agents of the most important infectious diseases in man fre- quently reach the food.

These agents are conveyed to the food by man himself and also by animals. By man owing to his carelessness and filthy nabits-and this is probably a factor of great importance amongst the Chinese; by animals such as rats, nice, cockroaches, flies, etc., which either by contact or by the infected condition of their secretions and excretions, deposit the specific germs on the article of diet.

586

Such methods as indicated in Nos. 2 and 3 probably play a part in plague, that indicated in No. 3 cannot be overlooked and is probably one of the great means of the spread of plague.

The opportunities afforded to such infected food as rice, in order to spread the disease are greatly enhanced by the conditions under which the Chinese live and prepare their food for consumption.

It may be argued that supposing such foods are infected, there would be little chance of the conveyance of the infection to man owing to the limited length of life of the B. pestis outside the body. It is true that the plague bacillus does not thrive extra-corporeally, but nevertheless, the organism shows a considerable resistance to the action of other saprophytes which tend to overgrow it. Its resistance to the influences of putrefaction is known, and although restrained in its power of multiplication, it is able to exist in a living virulent condition for some time. The length of time is influenced greatly by the temperature. The higher the temperature, the shorter is the life of the plague bacillus.

•

WILLIAM HUNTER.

587

SAMPLES OF FOOD-BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION.

DATE

NATURE

ADDRESS

No.

RESULT OF EXAMINATION.

EXAMINATION.

SAMPLE.

29th June, 1903.

Dried Mussels.

65 First Street.

29th June, 1903.

Shrimps.

65 First Street.

29th June. 1903.

Mushrooms.

65 First Street.

29th June, 1903.

Bean sprouts.

65 First Street.

29th June, 1903.

Rice, No. 3 Quality.

67 First Street.

29th June, 1903.

Rice, No. 4 Quality.

67 First Street.

30th June, 1903.

Rice, No. 4 Quality, [Second Sample.]

67 First Street.

Scrapings from a No address given.

baking board.

30th June, 1903.

Bean curd.

No address given.

30th June, 1903.

Salted vegetable. No address given.

3rd July, 1903.

Rice, No. 4 Quality.

71 Third Street.

3rd July, 1903.

Rice, No. 4 Quality.

392 Des Voeux Road.

3rd July, 1903.

Pea nuts.

56 Second Street.

No plague bacilli found. Large numbers of other micro- organisms present more parti- cularly staphylococcus pyoge- nes albus, and aureus. bacillus vulgatus, bacillus coli.

No plague bacilli found. Other micro-organisms abund- ant, namely, cocci, rod shaped bacteria, aspergilli.

No plague bacilli found. Mucor mucedo and racemosus in great abundance. Cocci and bacteria also present in great variety.

No plague bacilli found. Moulds present in great abund-

ance.

No plague bacilli found. In addition to large quantities of mucor mucedo and erectus. a large bacterium with a ten- dency to form chains was con- stantly present.

Plague bacilli present in large numbers. Moulds and bacillus coli abundant. Plague bacilli confirmed by animal experiment.

Result as in No. 6. Plague bacilli present.

No plague bacilli' found. Moulds as mucor racemosus. aspergillus nidulans and peni- cillium glaucum present. Yeasts also found. Bacillus coli and other bacteria present.

Hoards of different micro- organisms found in the mass. No plague bacilli found. Bacil- lus coli in great numbers.

No plague bacilli found. Bacillus protens and coli present.

No plague bacilli found. Hoards of micro-organisms pre- sent including B. coli.

No plague bacilli found. Organisms belonging to the Hay bacillus and coli groups present in large numbers.

No plague bacilli found. Moulds present in great abund-

ance.

588

SAMPLES OF FOOD-BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION,--Continued.

NATURE

'No.

DATE

EXAMINATION.

SAMPLE.

ADDRESS

RESULT OF EXAMINATION.

SAMPLE.

4th July. 1903.

Rice, No. 4.

Quality.

133 Bonham Strand.

4th July, 1903.

Rice, No. 4 Quality.

68 Second Street.

11th July, 1903.

Flour.

41 Nullah Lane.

11th July, 1903.

Flour.

92 Queen's Road East.

11th July. 1903.

Vermicelli.

61 Nullah Lane

11th July. 1903.

Vermicelli.

347 Queen's Road East.

11th July. 1903.

Macaroni.

Stall 48 Central Market.

No plague bacilli found. Organisms belonging to coli group present.

Micro-organisms resembling B. pestis morphologically and culturally. Experimental evid- ence negative. Hoards of other bacteria present.

No plague bacilli found. Moulds present in addition to other micro-organisms.

Bacillus subtilus and other organisms of the same group present in large numbers. No- plague bacilli found.

Similar to No. 17.

Similar to No. 17. B. coli present in large numbers.

No plague bacilli found. Organisms belonging to Hay bacillus group and B. coli present.

Similar to No. 20.

Sth August. 1903.

Paddy.

Stall 61 Central Market.

8th August, 1903.

Bran.

Stall 61 Central Market.

Similar to No. 20.

8th August,

Paddy.

1903.

Stalls 72 & 87 Central Market.

Similar to No. 20.

10th August,

Bran.

1908.

Stall 72 Central Market.

Similar to No. 20.

10th August, 1903.

Bran.

7 Jubilee Street.

Similar to No. 20.

10th August, 1903.

Bran.

Stall 82

Similar to No. 20.

Central Market.

10th August, 1903.

Paddy.

Stall 82 Central Market.

Similar to No. 20.

20th August. 1903.

Pat Choy.

Stall 84 Western Market.

No plague bacilli found.

20th August. 1903.

Kai Choy.

Stall 84 Western Market.

No plague bacilli found.

25th August, 1903.

Ling Ngau.

Stall 84 Western Market.

No plague bacilli found.

25th August,

· 1903.

28th August, 1903.

One Fish.

Roast Pork.

Stall 137 Western Market.

Western Market.

No plague bacilli found.

28th August, 1903.

Vegetables, (assorted).

Western Market.

No plague bacilli found.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

589

The Principles of General Prophylaxis.

The principle of rational prophylaxis and combative efforts against all infec- tious diseases consists in measures directed against the causal agents of these diseases. Such measures as are to be of value in eradicating a disease like plague, have to be directed straight to the root of the evil, namely, to the destruction of its causal agent-the now well known Bacillus pestis. Without a knowledge of the agent at work in the production of the disease, our efforts at a rational pro- phylaxis would fall far short of the necessary standard.

Bound up closely with this knowledge of the specific causative agent, are other factors which are of importance. namely, a knowledge of the biological chu- racteristics of the micro-organism, of the powers possessed by the organism to produce the disease, of the question of immunity, and of the necessary conditions of life for the maintenance of the bacillus inside and outside the body.

A knowledge of the morphological characters of the plague bacillus is of the highest importance in a general sense, especially for purposes of diagnosis and an early recognition of the disease, but so far as prophylactic measures are concerned, these characteristics are of relatively little importance.

In order that such an organism as the Bacillus pestis may produce the symp- tom-complex of plague, certain conditions must be present. In the first place, there must be a source of infection producing the bacillus and supplying it in a living and virulent condition. Without such it is inconceivable for the disease to break out. Epidemiology has established the fact, that exotics as plague which are not endemic in a country, never have an autochthonus origin, but are always introduced from without. The most important source of infection is of course an individual suffering from the disease, and more particularly the secretions and excretions from his body. Again, so called latent cases are of importance, in which the individual appears in good health, yet harbours enormous numbers of the specific germs and scatters them about him. This sort of thing is well known in the case of cholera and would appear to hold good for plague (vide cases of accidental death in which the B. pestis has been found in the blood and internal organs).

Again, a source of infection and one of the highest importance so far as plague is concerned, is the occurrence of the disease in animals. Rats suffering from plague, constitute probably the most important element of danger to man. These vermin are known to harbour plague bacilli for long periods of time. The disease is often chronic in them, and the occurrence of latency in rat plague cannot be dis- regarded in the light of the most modern research. Again, other anima's, as cats, fowls, calves, sheep, pigs, etc., are susceptible to plague infection, and become thereby elements of danger to the general public who frequently come into close contact with them.

The question as to the importance of water, soil, air, etc., in regard to the spread of plague may be discarded to a great extent. The danger attached to these elements would appear to have been grossly over-estimated. Food as a source of the disease has abready been dwelt upon under a separate heading. The conta- mination of food by vermin, insects the handling by infecte persons of articles, etc., is a subject requiring the most earnest consideration on the part of Sanitary authorities. My own researches appear to show that plague to a great extent is a disease originating in the alimentary canal, the conveyance of the infection being effected through plague infected articles of diet.

The avenues of infection in plague may be divided into direct and indirect ways. Direct infection is mainly occasioned through wounds and direct inocula- tion. This mode would not appear to play an important part in the spread of the disease.

Indirect infection, on the other hand, is of the highest importance. The presence of innumerable plague infected rats, scattering broadcast boards of plague bacillus through their secretions and excretions, rendering possible the gross infection of food, water, etc., constitutes an element of great danger to public health. Again the clothing and linen of plague patients may be the means of conveying the infection to the extreme ends of the earth.

590

The secretions and excretions of plague infected individuals themselves offer innumerable chances for indirect infection. The so called "Drop Infection," with the exception of severe pneumonic types of epidemics, would appear to play but a small part in the spread of the disease.

The links in the chain of infection in plague may be named the following:-

(1.) The source of infection.

(2.) The method of transportation.

(3.) The gates of entrance.

(4.) The amount of the virus.

(5.) The quality of the virus.

(6.) The susceptibility of the individual.

If one of these links is missing there is no chance of the disease breaking out. A priori it is of little consequence for prophylaxis what link in the chain is at- tacked, provided the causative agent in the particular link is effectively combated. For general purposes, however, it would seem best to attack cach link in the chain simultaneously, provided an opportunity presents itself.

The international arrangements and quarantine regulations, regarding the prevention of an exotic disease like plague, have become extremely complicated and rigid within the past few years.

Exotir diseases, in general, are not like measles, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, etc., which are endemic; they are always introduced into a country.

They are never of autochthonous origin. Another point of interest here is that these exotic diseases, namely, plague, cholera, and probably yellow fever, are not only introduced into a country, but the method of introduction or the avenue of infection is almost always by way of the sea. Maritime commerce is therefore largely responsible for the spread of plaque, and the defensive measures adopted against these diseases have much in common. The measures directed against the spread of cholera are almost identical with those laid down to combat the introduction of plague.

Within recent years, another channel of infection has been opened up for the spread of the disease. Railways are being constructed in all parts of the Con- tinents of Europe and Asia, and will constitute an element of even greater danger than the sea. The disease will, in this way, be rapidly transported from one end of the world to the other, and all the skill and vigilance of sanitary authorities will be required for the prevention of its introduction. The construction of the Trans-Siberian, the Bagdad, the Russo-Indian, the Russo-Persian as well as numer- ous railways in plague stricken Southern China will add to the already over-taxed energies of sanitary authorities and public bodies. The present day regulations and international quarantine arrangements in order to insure a trustworthy pro- phylaxis are widely known to all those interested in the prevention of exotic diseases.

What remains, is to consider these quarantine measures critically and judge whether such regulations and arrangements in their present form have fulfilled our hopes and insured us freedom from plague or other similar diseases.

The answer must be in the negative.

In fact, one may go further and apart from certain exceptions, assert that with our present state of knowledge, we possess no means of being absolutely certain as to the prevention of the introduction of plaque into any particular country or city.

The grounds for such a sweeping statement are as follows: The very essence of quarantine directs its energies in the first place to plague patients, in the second place to those individuals in whom the disease is inoculating and thirdly to the possibility of indirect infection through merchandise and personal effects. How- ever, our ever advancing knowledge of plague has shown, only within the last few years, that two other factors, hitherto disregar led, have a very important bearing on the whole question.

These are the knowledge of the existence of latent cases of plaque, and the predominant role played by rats.

591

Latency in plague does occur. There is no reason why it should not. It is now a well recognised fact that pathogenic micro-organisms may be present on the external and internal surfaces of the body, as well as in the internal organs without calling forth manifest symptons of disease.

According to GoTSCHLICH, such cases of latency may be divided into three categories:-

(1.) Latency during convalescence.

(2.) Latency in healthy individuals.

(3.) Latency with accompanying trivial symptoms, such as one finds in

the initial stages of many infectious diseases.

It has now been proved that individuals convalescent from plague may be sources of great danger to public health. Plague bacilli may be discharged from their bodies for some considerable time after their recovery from the disease, and the bacilli discharged are alive and virulent, and capable of setting up the disease in other individuals or animals. Dating from the commencement of the disease, GOTSCHLICH and others have found plague bacilli in the excretions for 70-80 days or even longer. The sputum is also known to harbour plague bacilli for a long time even after recovery.

So far as I know quarantine regulations take no cognisance of such cases of latency. Success in the extermination of rats on board ship is a much wished for victory. At the present time no absolute guarantee of their having been got rid of in any ship can be given with the most modern means at our disposal for their destruction.

Within the past few years there exists plenty of proof of the introduction of plague into a sea-port by plague infected ship rats. Added to these questions, namely, the occurrence of latency in plague, and the role played by rats, must be added anoth r, equally important, the difficulty or even impossibility of locating sufficiently early the boundary of the plague infected area or what is known as the "circonscription territorialle contaminée.

Summing up this criticism of the present day quarantine efforts at prophy- laxis, it may be said that such regulations have not come up to what we expected of them, and that the frequently one-sided and rigorous measures adopted stand in no relation to the damage inflicted on commerce and international relations.

A reform of the present quarantine measures would appear to be necessary. The system requires to be limited. AS GOTSCHLICH has it, the system should apply, in ordinary international commerce, to actual infected and suspected ships. There should be no rigid rules and regulations or standing orders for the Public Health Officer. Competent officers should be left to a certain extent to the gui- dance of their own initiative, according to the nature of the circumstances which may be before them.

All this becomes evident to those who have had much experience of epidemics of plague. To them, it is of the greatest importance to know the particnlar variety of the disease before them. They must apply the measures at their disposal according to whether simple septic cases are prevalent or whether they have to deal with the deadly primary pneumonic type of the disorder.

It is of interest to note that measures in regard to these various points have been recommended by the members of the recent Conference in Venice. The detailed examination of all incoming ships during plague epidemics is a most im- portant duty and a further excellent plan would be the continual supervision of all ships in the port as recommended by GAFFKY.

Again, the control of the health of the ship during voyage is necessary. connection with this two recommedations might be male. Firstly there is urgent need for better trained ship doctors, and secondly the authority exercise l by ship doctors ought to be strengthened.

Further, the medical examination of passengers and crews of out-going ships and the control over cargo and merchandise ought to be rigorously prosecuted.

592

The examination of merchandise should never be neglected, if there is any suspicion of plague. There is the possibility of its infection through plague infect- ed rats to be borne in mind. Cases of such have been reported during the past few years. According to KoSSEL and NOCHT, in Hamburg merchant ships arrived from plague infected ports. No cases of plague in man had occurred on board. The cargoes were discharged and with them were found numerous dead rats which had died of plague. In such cases contact of the ship's rats with those on shore must be avoided, and those engaged in discharging the cargo, ought to be placed under medical supervision.

The measures against rats on board are now universally adopted. The destruction of rats on board ship is a matter of great difficulty. The use accord- ing to the fire extinguishing and disinfecting system of an apparatus like Clayton's is not always satisfactory.

In summing up, therefore, the principles involved in general prophylactic measures against plague, one must strongly advocate, the following:

(1.) The limitation as far as possible of actual quarantine.

(2.) The extension of the system of revision.

(3.) Strong measures against rats.

(4.) The evidence of all unnecessary dogmatic rules and standing orders. (5.) The individual treatment of each case according to its merits. (6.) The employment of competent ship doctors.

(7.) The employment of skilled port officers well versed in quarantine

matters. These officers, in order to overcome the many duties of their office, must devote the whole of their time to this work. Other- wise the measures at their disposal mes be carried out in a desultory fashion.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Principles of Special Prophylaxis.

Viewed from an epidemiological point of view plague is found to occupy a place amongst infectious diseases peculiar to itself, this is evidenced by the fact that there exists for the spread of the disease two great avenues of infection. Indeed approaching the question from a strictly public health standpoint, there exist two entirely different types of plague epidemics, namely:-

(1.) Epidemics caused by plague infected rats.

(2.) Epidemics caused by plague infected individuals.

The first is what we commonly meet with in Hongkong, namely, septicemic plague with bubonic and pneumonic manifestations.

The second is rarely found in Hongkong. It is what is known as primary pneumonic plague. This form was frequently the cause of enormous epidemics during past centuries. It would appear to be less frequently met with now-a-days It is the most dreaded form of plague.

Septicænic plague in its various forms depends upon a rat epizootic which is now generally known as "Rat Plague Man becomes infected either by direct contact with infected rats or by indirect contact, the virus being conveyed to him through the agency of infected habitations, ships, goods, etc., upon which rats scatter their secretions and excretious. Infection by direct contact would appear to be rare. Infection by indirect contact is, in my opinion, the usual mode of conveyance of the B. pestis from the rat to man.

At the same time the conveyance of plague infection from man to man or from man to rat by way of infected secretions and excretions must not be lost sight of.

The transference of infection by way of suctorial insects would appear to be of no practical significance. Bubonic plague is held by many people to be of no importance in regard to the spread of infection. From my researches, however, his appears to be only partially true. The discharges from the buboes may be regarded as not dangerous to public health as the plague bacilli originally present

593

become replaced by ordinary pyogenic cocci. It must be remembered that the bubonic variety of plague is only a manifestation of the septicemic disease. The organisms are present in the blood and multiply in the blood, and are scattered broadcast by such infected individuals through their excretions and secretions. Therefore such types of plague are not to be treated lighty. In my opinion, each of the varieties of septica nic plague is to be regarded as dangerous and capable of spreading the disease, the actual spread of the infection being occasione l indirectly.

The question of prophylaxis becomes a serious one when we have to deal with. the second type of plague, namely, primary plague pneumonia. Fortunately this variety of plague has not often appeared in Hongkong. Each case of primary pneumonic plague must be regarded as a new focus of the disease. This form of plague spreads with great rapidity, producing family epidemics, to be followed by epidemics of congregations of people, and lastly often appearing as a dreadful national plague and disaster such as was found during the middle ages.

Only one other disease, namely, Influenza, can be compared with primary plague pneumonia in regard to infectivity and tendency to pandemic extension. In all cases of primary pneumonic plague, the drop infection of FLÜGGE plays the predominant part in the conveyance of the infection.

So different are the two types of epidemics found in plague, that for ages they were regarded as distinct diseases. The septicæmic type with the presence of bubonic swelling was formerly known as "oriental plague," the pneumonic type of the disease being called "Pali," or "Lung pest.

Recent research has shown that individuals who have apparently completely recovered from pneumonic plague may harbour plague bacilli in the sputum for a considerable period of time.

The lessons taught us by the various epidemics of plague during recent years show very clearly the modes of development of these different types of the disease. It has been shown that in endemic plague foci as well as in recently infecte l areas, the disease appears first in the rat. Rat plague is the primary type of the disease. And further this outbreak amongst the rats is usually the result of conveyance of infection through plague ship rats.

Again in endemic areas the more benign type of the disease is usually found. Primary pneumonic plague can usually be traced, through the benign type of the disease, to a primary affection of rats.

These preliminary data are necessary in order to formulate the principles underlying the special prophylactic efforts against the disease in its various forms.

The methods at our disposal for the prevention of the spread of the disease to other parts, have already been dealt with under "General Prophylaxis." Supposing, however, a case of plague occurs in a previously healthy area, prophyaxis has a double duty to perform. In the first place, it must carefully guard against a possible outbreak of primary pneumonic plague, and secondly it must cope with the already existent rat plague.

Outbreaks of lung pest, either isolated or epidemic, can be dealt with simply. Here man alone is the carrier of the infection. The rat has nothing to do with it. Therefore the enforcement of the strictest isolation and the thorough disinfection of all discharges fulfil all that is required.

Not only have cases of pneumonic plague to be isolated, but also all instances of the septicemic disease. The discharges from these cases have to be regarded as equally dangerous.

As a general rule, all cases of plague, no matter what variety of the disease is present, ought to be isolated.

Special precautions have to be enforced when dealing with the primary pneumonic type of the disease. Here rigid isolation is necessary, even from cases of the other types of plague. Something of the nature of a mosquito net ought to be used, not to prevent the access of mosquitoes, but mainly to guard against the aerial distribution of the minute particles of sputum which are so dangerous. Doctors

594

and attendants on such cases have to exercise the greatest precautionary measures possible. Convalescent cases must be kept isolated until all plague bacilli have disappeared from the sputum.

It has already been mentioned that as a general rule all cases of plague ought to be isolated. No exception to this rule can for a moment be entertained in regard to primary pneumonic plague. In dealing, however, with the disease as met with here in longkong, namely, the septicemic form with its bubonic manifestations, the question of isolation need not be so rigidly enforced. The possibility of the spread of infection from these cases is limited to the excretions and secretions from the patients, and in any well regulated Hospital, where the thorough disinfection of such discharges can be carried out, the treatment of such septicemic cases of plague can be as sucessfully accomplished as the treatment of severe cases of enteric

fever.

Further, of great importance is the supervision of the relatives and friends of all cases of plague. The isolation of contacts is of the highest importance.

No plague stricken city can be said to have its sanitary arrangements complete, unless ample provision has been made for the provision of segregation camps.

Probably the most important part of the campaign against plague is that directed against rat plague. Were man the only means of harbouring plague, there is little doubt of our soen gaining complete mastery over spread of the disease. The results obtained by thorough disinfection of houses, have clearly shown this to be true. Yet, notwithstanding the non-occurrence of further cases of plague in these houses disinfected, fresh cases in the immediate neighbourhood occurred. This fact, coupled with our knowledge of the part played by infected rats, has led to a modification in our cleansing and disinfecting system. Now-a-days, if plague is to be stamped out, thorough disinfection, cleansing, and destruction of rats of whole districts must be undertaken. The methods as applied to single houses or units would appear to be of no value. The generalised disinfection and cleansing, strongly recommended by Sir HORACE PINCHING, has given excellent results in the hands of GOTSCHLICH, BITTER and others.

So far as rat plague is concerned, it would appear that this form is mainly responsible for the bridging over of the varicus epidemics of the disease in man,

The clinging of plague to one particular spot, and its periodical re-appearance, mostly at definite times of the year and at the seasou of the year when rats are most prolific points to the fact that the disease is maintained in the body of the rat. My own res arches show the presence of rat plaue thoughout the whole Plague in man in Hongkong is only present in epidemic form during certain seasons of the year.

year.

I am convinced that the rat harbours the disease in a chronic or latent form, which continues until the season when rats are ver、 prolific. At this period. the disease again becomes virulent through the bodies of young rats.

The rat epide- mic and mortality assume greater proportions and sooner or later the disease breaks out in man.

That plague may be chronic and latent in rats, the virus being maintained for several seasons, has been experimentally shown by the laboratory experiments of KOLLE and MARTINI (Dent. Med. Woch. Nos. 1-4, 1902). They are strongly supported by GoTSCHLICH, and it is our intention to verify these results if possible in Hongkong.

In previously non-infected districts, rat plague usually appears in advance of human plague. In endemic areas. where rat plague is constantly present, the increase in the rat epidemic appears in advance of plague in man.

It must not be forgotten that rat plague may exist for an indefinite period without the disease appearing in man. This fact is of importance to sea port towns. In such towns human plague may not have made its appearance, yet plague may exist amongst the rats. The occasional systematic examination of the rats of such cities or towns would appear to be of value. The recognition of the disease in rats, previous to its appearance in man, would simplify the prophylaxis to an extreme degree.

595

Unfortunately the methods at our disposal for the destruction of rats are few, especially when applied to a generalised destruction of the species.

The various poisonous preparations in the market are of little value.

The Bacillus Dany sz has not so far justified the hopes at first entertained for it. Some observers as BRONSTEIN (Deut. Med. Woch. No. 34, 1901) and KISTER (Deut. Med. Woch. No. 18, 1901) have obtained good results on a small scale. On the other hand, such bacteriologists as KOLLE (Deut. Med. Woch. No. 4, 1902), ABEL (Deut. Med. Woch. No 99, 1901), KRANSZ (Deut. Med. Woch. No. 22, 1901) and others, have had uniformly bad results. My own results are in conformity with those of the latter workers. Recently Professor Roux of the Pasteur Institute in Paris has had wonderful results with his virus. I have put myself in communication with him in regard to his methods, which I hope to apply in Hongkong which is veritably rat infested.

Summary of Prophylaxis.

The foregoing principles of general and special prophylaxis have been stated in as concise terms as possible. The prophylactic measures against the intro- duction of the exotic into a sea port or inland town have been dealt with.

It only remains now to sketch as briefly as possible the measures which I consider neces- sary to deal with the disease after its introduction. These consist in the following:-

(1.) The absolute control of provinces supposed to be infected.

(2.) An early recognition of the disease, which is attained through:-

(a.) Compulsory post-mortem examinations.

(b.) Immediate notification of all cases to the sanitary authorities. (c.) Systematic search in infected areas and neighbourhood for other

cases of the disease and sources of infection.

(d.) The examination of rats.

(e.) The provision of opportunities for the study of the disease

from all points of view.

(3.) The isolation of infected persons if necessary.

(4.) The medical supervision of relations and contacts.

(5.) The provision of segregation camps.

(6.) Wholesale measures must be directed against rats and other verinin. (7.) The education of the people especially in regard to cleanliness, cook-

ing of food, boiling of water, etc.

(*.) Skilled veterinarian supervision of all food supplies. (9.) The thorough disinfection of infected districts.

Such protective

(10.) The thorough cleansing of non-infected districts. In the above list protectire inoculation is not recommended. powers as are conferred on man by the inoculation of plague vaccine are transient. It is doubtful if the protection afforded lasts more than a few weeks.

Nor is the employment of plague serum advocated. Such sera contain only part of the complex molecular body requisite for complete bacteriolysis, hence the results obtained. Much more research is required in this direction before we find a specific serum for plague.

The e'n-

Again, the wholesale employment of disinfectants is not recommended. They are expensive and their beneficial action in general is doubtful. ployment of disinfectants ought to be restricted to actual infected areas. The promiscuous use of disinfectants as cleansing agents in districts not infected is to be discouraged. Much more, or at least as much good, accrues from the use of soap and a plentiful supply of water.

During the absence of epidemics of plague in man, our energies ought to be directed against the omnipresent rat plague. In the absence of primary pneumonie plague I am convinced that the eradication of plague from any country, district, city or town is subject to the complete extermination of rat plague.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

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Epizootic Plague.

The disease amongst animals occupies quite a special department of its own. Until a few years ago, the occurrence of the diseas amongst animals, appears to have attracted but little attention. Indeed, so severe were the past outbreaks of the epidemic that little or no time was available to regard the presence of the disease in animals other than man.

With the advent of more perfect knowledge in regard to the ways

of infection, our attention has been directed to the occurrence of diseases in animals, diseases which, when compared with those occurring in man, appear to be similar. The question has therefore arisen-a new

new one indeed-as to the part played by animals in the dissemination of certain diseases amongst the human race. It would be quite impossible, indeed unnecessary, to sketch, even briefly, the con- nections between disease in animals and in man. Shimming up the available evidence, we find much in favour of such a connection. Indeed there is good reason to suppose, that in the production of certain widespread and epidemic diseases, animals play an important role, if not the initial factor, in the spread of the disease amongst the genus homo.

It must be difficult for a certain class of professional men to get away from the time worn canses of epidemic disease. Indeed, in all text books on plague, one finds the old dogmas of infection, most carefully reproduced, namely, the solution of the problem by a recognition of:-

(a) The communication of the infection from the sick direct.

(b.) Indirect means.

(c.) Place infection, etc.

AS ASHBURTON THOMPSON says, such a table of causes would amply explain the epidemicity of plague.

The adherents of such a classification of etiology appear to take no cognisance of the advances made by bacteriological research. It would appear from the inost recent works on such a subject, that the ways and means afforded to the B. pestis to produce infection, the course of plague infection, and the exact problems un- derlying the spread of the pest, must undergo remodelling upon the lines indicated by the results of modern epidemiology.

As has already been mentioned, the recognition of epizootic plague, as an important factor in nature, is of recent date. At the present day, the epizootic has become one of the most engrossing researches in regard to plague. Sanitary authorities are already recognising that in epizootic plague, they have to deal with probably the greatest disturbing factor in their efforts to stamp out the epidemic. It would be a difficult matter to specialise in regard to the particular species of animal which attracted the attention of past hygienists, as a factor in plague dissemination.

At the present day, however, one cannot take up a book dealing with plague without being struck with the prominent part devoted to rats as disseminators of infection. In fact on the perusal of many such manuscripts one is drawn to the conclusion that rats, and nothing but rats, are responsible for the existence of epidemic plague around us. Going into te question more thoroughly, however, it is difficult to guage exactly the premises upon which a conclusion has been drawn. We have to consider whether rats are the only disseminators of plague- in fact do they disseminate plague epidemics at all-or granting that they are responsible for the occurrence of such-are they solely responsible, or simply partners in the wholesale sewing up of the infection to the human species.

From all works on plague, I have drawn the conclusion that rats-and these vermin alone are the plague spreaders. This would appear to be too dogmatic a conclusion. Mice associate with rats, are susceptible to plague, domesticate with man where possible, so that it seems probable that under certain circumtances these animals might play as important a role as their neigbours the rats.

Again, the disease is known amongst cats, fowls, pigs, and oxen-all of which animals are more a less occasionally in close contact with man. It therefore seems probable that the existence of an epizootic in plague as a factor or epidemic dissemination, must not be dogmatically restricted to rats but extended to those other animals which occasionally have intimate relationships with the human species.

597

At the same time the question of the epizootic is a recent one, and in view of its having been applied more particularly to rats, one must enquire as to reasons and the facts upon which such a theory has been founded. It is said that plague is primarily a disease of the rat, that it is commonly communicated to man from the rat, and that man and the rat may be recriprocally infective.

Again epidemics may be present without epizootics and vice versa.

An oc-

Much has been written in regard to the close inter-relationship existing between the epizootic and the epidemic. The evidence at present available would appear to fall short of absolute proof of a direct connection between the two casional and frequent concurrence between the two has been found, but the question whether the epizootic is the cause or an incident of the epidemic is still left unan- swered. The experience of THOMSON in Sydney during 1900 was that plague rats were the sole source from which the infection was communicated to man. The evidence in support of such was however incomplete.

The literature in regard to the relation of rat plague to human plague is defective. SNOW's observations note the incidence of plague in rats, but do not suggest any connection between the epizootic and the epidemic. The Indian Plague Commission do not lay any weight on plague infected rats as agents in the dissemination of plague epidemics. BRUCE Low's papers on Bubonic Plague, dated July, 1902, lead me to believe that man and the rat are reciprocally infected. evidence is forthcoming in regard to the question from a priori grounds.

Νο

Many plague workers have much difficulty in perceiving how plague infection could be converged from rat to man.

To explain the transference of the disease from the rat to man, HANKIN (Annal Pasteur, 1898) concluded that plague in man stood in relation to the accessibility to rats and that probably some intermediary insect was necessary to communicate the infection from rat to man. SIMOND u held these observations. and these two investigators may be said to be the only exponents at present of the epidemiological factor of the part played by rats in the dissemination of the disease. That suctorial insects have much to do with the cause of bubonic plague is by no means obvious. The reports of recent years in regard to epidemic and epizootic plague, do not convince one in regard to the inter-relationship of the two outbreaks.

The cause of this is mainly, in my opinion, the failure to systematically examine both outbreaks. Before anything like a causal connection can be established between two such outbreaks, it would appear necessary to closely examine the severity of the epizootic and then to compare this with the epidemic, particularly in regard to its course, time relations, exact actions, and continuance.

Such has been carried out systematically in Hongkong since the comm nce- ment of 1902. Over 300,000 rats have been examined for plague infection. Many of these were caught alive, the existence of acute rat plague, chronic rat plague and latent plague infection has been determined. Curves have been pre- pared for each of these years, namely, 1902, 1903 and part of 1904, and the relations of the epizootic have been noted during the interval between epidemics.

In such a way, it has been possible to map out clearly the courses of both out- breaks. For details in regard to these, one is referred to the Histories of the courses of the epizootics. In dealing with epizootic plague, my attention has been directed more or less directly to rat plague, but the varieties of the disease in animals belonging to other species have not been lost sight of. In fact it has been my a object to obtain for examination almost every animal possible, which was sick or died since I arrived in the Colony. By thus stimulating the laymen to the importance of having his dometic pets or other animals examined bacteriologically, I have been able to find plague existent in animals, to a degree, rather suprising to the minds of the ordinary sanitarian.

The following report on epizootic plague is merely the story of my experiences in regard to the disease amongst a number of animals, coupled with brief notice of the existent knowledge in regard to the incidence of the disease in such animals and found affected.

DAY WILLIAM HUNTER.

***

= 598

Plague in Rats.

In all treatises dealing with plague, which have been published during the past year or so, one finds a considerable amount of attention devoted to the question of the occurrence of plague infection in rats, and the dangers attached to the presence of such infected vermin in the direct vicinity of man.

Sanitary bodies, although thoroughly convinced as to the presence of such epizootics in certain plague endemic areas, are by no means convinced as to the exact role played by such plague infected animals in epidemiology. In short, much evidence is wanting to prove conclusively, that some relation exists bet- ween rat plague and an epidemic of plague.

We may find both present. The epizootic and the epidemic may run concur- rently; yet one finds it difficult to become reconciled to the conclusion that plague is primarily a disease among rats, and that such infected vermin are responsible for the outbreak of the disease amongst the human species.

The present research is an attempt to grasp as thoroughly as possible the whole question of the epizootic. The reader of this report is left to gather his own conclusions from the matter now presented.

Plague in rats is by no means a recent discovery. High rat mortalities were noted by the ancients during epidemics of plague. Classical, mediæval and modern literature furnishes us with many interesting details in regard to the sus- septibility of various animals, especially house vermin, to plague infection. The general lay opinion in regard to the matter is that, during plague epidemics, an increased mortality is observed amongst the animals in the infected district, and that such a death rate is noticeable especially amongst rats.

It would be difficult to determine who propounded the rat theory of plague epidemics. The prominence to the epizootic, during recent years, has arisen out of better acquaintance with the bacteriological and epidemiological aspects of the disease.

AVICENNA in the year 1000, noted the presence of a high rat mortality during plague epidemics. He says:-"Et de eis quae significant illud est ut videas Mures et animalia quae habitant, sub terra fugere ad superficiem terrae et parti sedar e.g., commoveri hinc inde sicut animalia ebria."

Again NICEPHORUS GREGORAS in 1348 and ORRAEUS in 1771 in their treatises on Medicine, look suspiciously upon rats as having some relation to outbreaks of epidemic plague. Reports such as these are extremely interesting to investigators of the present day, who are endeavouring as far as possible to bring this rodent into close relationship with the occurrence of plague amongst human teings.

Plague research is, at present, directed to the rat, the occurrence of the disease in his body, and the channels through which the plague bacillus is transported from his body to that of man.

SIMPSON, in his Report on Plague in China and Hongkong, has given us an excellent resumé. of the beliefs held by the Chinese in regard to the prevalence of the disease in animals such as rats. It is evident that the opinion is widely diffused amongst the Chinese that there exists some relation between the epizootic and the epidemic.

In their writings the Chinese make frequent mention that during, or imme- diately preceding, plague epidemics, severe epidemics occur amongst their cattle--- frequently called Rinderpest-their fowls, and their house vermin.

In dealing with the subject of Rat Plague, I have endeavoured to more or less systematise the subject. The latter is a large one, and unless some method be employed in order to grasp the subject as widely as possible, points of great importance are bound to be overlooked.

1. General Remarks.

Rat Plague.

2. Symptoms of Acute Rat Plague.

3. Post-appearances of Acute Rat Plague. 4. Symptoms of Chronic Rat Plague.

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5. Post-mortem appearances of Chronic Rat Plague.

6. Latent Plague in Rats.

7. General Modes of Infection of Rats:--

(a.) From other rats.

(b.) From man.

(c.) From food.

d.) From other infected material. (e.) From vermin.

8. Infection of Healthy Rats on Board Ship.

(1.) In ocean going cargo boats. (2.) In ocean going passenger boats. (3.) In coasting cargo boats.

(4.) In coasting passenger boats. (a.) By human plague. (b.) By rat plague.

(c.) By other infected vermin. (d.) By infected cargo. (e.) By infected goods.

(f.) By infected animals.

9. Question of Latent Infection of Ship.

10. Infection of Healthy Rats in a Sea-port.

(1.) By incoming infected ships.

a.) Human plague on board. (b.) Rat plague on board. (c.) Latent ship infection. (d.) Infected merchandise.

(e.) Infected animals.

(2.) By conveyance of infection from an Inland Town.

(a.) Rats-sewer-field.

(b.) Man.

(c.) Food.

(d.) Merchandise.

(e.) Clothing.

(f) Railways.

(g.) Caravans.

(h.) Pilgrimages.

(i.) Other animals.

11. Infection of an Inland Town.-Modes given under No. 10.

12. Natural Modes of Rat Infection.

(1.) Question of skin infection.

(2.) Alimentary Incorporation. (3.) Inhalation Infection.

13. Natural Modes of Elimination of Infection.

(1.) Mucus and saliva of the mouth.

(2.) Urine.

(3.) Fœces.

14. Question of Danger of Contact with dead Infected Rats.

15. The Course of Plague Epidemics in Rats.

16. The Relations existing between the Epizootic and the Epidemic.

17. The existence of acute rat plague epidemics.

18. The existence of chronic rat plague epidemics.

19. The part played by rats in bridging over plague epidemics in man.

(a.) The influence of acute rat plague.

(b.) The influence of chronic rat plague. (c.) The influence of latent rat plague.

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20. Coincidences between the epizootic and epidemic.

21. The precedence of the epizootic.

22. The necessary Intermediary between the epizootic and the epidemic. 23. The occasional systematic examination of rats in sea-port cities.

24. The Influence of fumigation and disinfection on plague infected rats. 25. The question of Railways and Rats.

26. The question of general epizootic plague from rat plague.

So far as we know the rat is the most susceptible animal to plague infection. All species of rats appear equally susceptible. Hence the widespread occurrence of spontaneous infection amongst this species of rodents. The disease may occur in various types in these animals.

Acute plague infection would appear to be the most frequent type of the disease met with. Chronic infection is also prevalent and its presence is of im- portance epidemiologically.

There is good reason to believe in the prevalence of latent infection in rats. This would appear to have much to do with the continued prevalence of infection amongst rats, and with chronic rat plague, to have considerable importance in regard to the bridging over of plague epidemics.

Acute Rat Plague, Symptomatology.-The rat may become infected with plague through many channels. According to the method of incorporation of the plague virus, the animal suffers. Sooner or later the inoculated animal becomes dull and refuses to move actively about its cage. It crouches and if left alone usually takes up a slouching position in one of the corners of its cage. The animal sits in a curled up posture, emitting from time to time short sharp squeals. There is complete loss of appetite, ruffling of the hair, mucous discharge from the mouth diarrhoea, and a distinct rise in temperature. Handling of the animal would appear to produce pain. The abdomen is extremely tender to touch. Occasional twitching of the muscles of the extremities are observed. The reflexes are decidedly exaggerated. For a day or two previous to death. the animal appears unable to move, irregular convulsive seizures take place, and the urine and fœces are voided with each acute tonic spasm. Before death. the animal would appear to be in great pain. It falls on one side, breathes convulsively, is absolutely helpless, becomes gradually comatose, and dies as the result of a convulsive seizure. Death usually occurs in from three to five days.

The

Post-mortem Appearances of Acute Rat Plague.-The subcutaneous tissues are congested and show scattered and varying size I hæ norrhagic extravasations. superficial lymphatic glands are enlarged, slightly œdematous, congested on section with occasional corticel hæmorrhage.

In certain instances, distinct superficial bubonic formation may be found.

If the animal has been inoculated through the skin, one finds around the point of inoculation. considerable swelling, edema, and infiltration of the connective tissue with blood.

The general appearance presented by the internal organs, is that of vascular injection. The blood itself is dark in colour and fluid. The myocardium is in a condition of granular degeneration. The lungs are full of dark coloured, thick, blood, and frequently one finds apoplectic looking patches of consolidated tissue on section of the visci. The liver, spleen, and kidneys, in addition to congestion, frequently contain small areas of necrosis. These resemble necrotic patches found in the liver in cases of typhoid fever.

The peritoneal cavity usually contains an excess of blood stained fluid. The peritoneum is smooth and shiny. No inflammation is found. Small retro peri- toneal hemorrhages are often found. The mesenteric lymphatic glands are usually enlarged and congested. Occasionally extensive hæmorrhages have been found between the layers of the mesentery, embe Iding enlarged, and hæmorrhagic looking lymphatic glands. The walls of the internal gut are thickened, soft and ædema- tous. Erosions and petechial hæmorrhages are found in the nucous membrane. The contents of the intestine are often deeply stained with altered blood pigment.

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The central nervous system is congested, with occasional blood extravasations. Examined bacteriologically, almost all the organs and tissues are full of plague bacilli. The spleen is often found choked with bacilli. Large numbers are found in the urine, fœces, and saliva.

In artificially inoculated animals, the tissues about the point of entry of the virus are infiltrated with B. pestis.

If the inoculation of the rat be carried out cutaneously, according to the methods advocated by the Austrian Plague Commission, the subcutaneous tissues underlying the area of inoculation, are found to be infiltrated with extravasated blood and edematous fluid in which plague bacilli are abundant. This method of inoculation does not give so certain results in the rat as in the Guinea pig.

It is an excellent method of demonstrating the presence of plague bacilli in fluid, such as the urine, fœces, etc. My experience with the cutaneous method of rat inoculation is in agreement with that of KOLLE (Zeit. f. Hyg. Bd. 36, 1901).

Chronic Rat Plague.-This form of rat plague would appear to be more com- mon than is generally supposed. Numerous instances of this disease have been found at the Public Mortuary during the systematic examination of live and dead

rats.

In general, chronic rat plaque is more commonly found during the interval between epidemics of plague.

The question as to the relative frequency of the varieties of the rat epizootic throughout the year will be discussed later on.

At present, however, it may be said, that there exists a considerable amount of evidence in favour of the view that the epizootic is maintained from year to year through a persistence of rat plague in chronic or latent form.

Many of the live rats sent to the Public Mortuary for bacteriological exam- ination show symptoms of some chronic wasting disorder. They show little activity. They are usually emaciated. Their hair is ruffled, matted together, and frequently areas of bare skin are found. The animals eat little. There is frequently a dis- charge of mucus from the mouth, and diarrhœa of a variable degree.

By keeping such rats alive and under observation, facts of an interesting nature may be obtained.

An examination of their blood frequently shows the presence of plague bacilli.

Such animals live for an indefinite period of time. The observations of others, e. g., ROLLE and MARTINI (Dent. Med. Wochen, 1902) prove that chronic plague may exist in rats for months.

My own observations are incomplete. Owing to the want of proper accom- modation and assistance, I was unable to carry on the experiments for a period longer than a month.

It would be interesting to follow out more closely the course of chronic rat plague. I have already made arrangements to carry on further experiments in regard to the subject.

They

Rats suffering from chronic plague look pitiable objects of suffering. become more and more e naciated. Chronic diarrhoea is present and occasionally skin eruptions such as papules make their appearance.

Death takes place from exhaustion or some intercurrent disorder. During life, these animals discharge plague bacilli with their fœces and urine. Post-mortem Appearances of Chronic Rat Plague.-There is great emaciation and loss of adipose tissue. The animals may simply be skeletons within their skins.

Congestion of the tissues is not a marked feature. The lymphatic glands are frequently found enlarged and hard. On section, areas of necrosed tissue are found. These consist of thick cheesy looking material. Plague bacilli are rarely found in such areas of dead tissue. The internal organs show small areas of necrosis-recent or old.

{

602

The lungs are fibrous, or indurated and may contain capsulated areas of dead tissue.

Similar pathological appearances are found in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Plague bacilli are found in the various organs and tissues. They are, how- ever, few in number. Such dead tissues when emulsified and administered to other healthy rats are able to reproduce the disease, even in acute form.

The spleen contains the largest number of plague bacilli. This organ is much enlarged. In one or two occasions, several prominent greyish white areas of necrosis have been found, resembling closely the condition met with in tuber- culosis.

occur.

Latent Plague in Rats.-Theoretically there is no reason why this should not

So far no extended series of observations has been made in this direction. KOLLE, from certain laboratory experiments, is a strong believer in the exist- ence of latent plague amongst rats. He is supported in his conclusions by GOTSCHLICH.

My own observations are strongly suggestive of latency in rat plague.

n a favourable opportunity presenting itself, I propose to carry out a series of experiments with a view of determining as exactly as possible, the course and duration of chronic rat plague, its relation to acute rat plague, the question of latent rat plague, seasonal variations, prolific influence on rat plague, and the factors upon which the appearance of the different types of the disease depend.

Further details in regard to latent rat plague will be found in a subsequent part of this research.

General Modes of Infection in Rats.-Rats may become plague infected either naturally or artificially.

In order to define as clearly as possible the avenues of spontaneous infection it will be more convenient to discuss the artificial methods of induction of the disease in these animals, and then draw conclusions as to the probable natural means of conveyance of the infection to the rat.

(1.) The Artificially Induced Disease.

(a.) By subcutaneous inoculation.

(b.) By cutaneous inoculation.

(c.) By intra-peritoneal inoculation.

(d.) By inhalation.

(e) By contact with uninjured mucous membranes.

(f.) By feeding.

(a.) By Subcutaneous Inoculation.—Experimentally this is one of the most effectual methods of producing plague infection in the rat. The type of disease induced, is usually acute rat plague.

At the same time, it would appear that all rats do not react equally to subcutaneous inoculation: The same degree of susceptibility is not shown by different rats to a definite culture or strain of the B. pestis.

In some cases, a mere prick with the point of an infected needle is sufficient to occasion the infection. (German Plague Commission.) In other cases, however. a very sensible quantity of a culture of the B. pestis must be introduced in order to call forth the disease. (Indian Plague Commission.) It is said that occasion- ally rats are found which give no reaction to inoculation of considerable quantities of fully virulent cultures. (Austrian Plague Commission.) In my opinion, the latter must be indeed rare, in regard to the variability of rats in their degree of susceptibility to plague infection. Professor SIMPSON and I had an experience similar to that of the Indian Plague Commissioners. We found that occasionally it was a difficult matter to produce plague in certain rats. Some were easily infected. Others only succumbed to the infection after most severe tests had been applied.

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It is possible to produce plague in all species of rats by subcutaneous in-

oculation.

(b.) By Cutaneous Inoculation-i.e., by rubbing the plague virus into the skin. This method of reproducing the disease in the rat or other small animals was strongly advocated by the members of the Austrian Plague Commission. The abdomen of the animal to be inoculated, is shaved, and the plague infected material is rubbed into the bare skin.

This method is one of great value for purposes of diagnosis. It is very useful if applied in the case of mixtures supposed to contain plague bacilli such as the fœces, food, clothing, etc. For such purposes. I have found it of great use in determining my results already detailed under the heading of Human Plague. The isolation of plague bacilli from such material as fœces, etc., is a matter of the greatest difficulty. In fact, in many cases, our ordinary cultural methods would fail to give us a positive result. n resorting to the experimental method direct, namely, the cutaneous incorporation of the supposed virus, the results are found to give great satisfaction.

The cutaneous method of inoculation of the rat would not appear to give so constant results as in the case of the Guinea pig. The method of cutaneous inoculation of plague, has been interpreted as a good instance of the passage of the B. pestis-or even of any micro-organism--through the unbroken skin. On careful consideration of all the circumstances present, however, such a conclusion is by no means warranted. During the process of shaving, no matter how carefully the procedure is carried out, small breaches of the continuity of the skin are bound to be made. They may occasion no hemorrhage, and even be microscopic, yet these wounds are of sufficient magnitude to permit the passage of an organism like the B. pestis. The reason why rats are not so susceptible to this mode of infection is by no means clear, nor are the negative experimental results of KOLLE explainable. The skin of the Guinea pig is more delicate, and easily wounded than that of the rat, and again the question of expert shaving is a factor not to be forgotten in performing such an experiment.

(c.) By Intra-Peritoneal Inoculation. Little of interest from the point of view of dissemination of plague, is attached to this method of plague infection.

It has been noted that for success with this method of incorporation, small doses of the virus must be employed.

Again the plague bacilli found in the peritoneal exudate show marked capsular formation.

According to KoSSEL and OVERBICK (Arb. Kais. Ges-Amt. Bd. 18, 1901) little change is found in the peritoneum after such an inoculation of plague bacilli.

(d.) By Inhalation.-Rats are very susceptible to this mode of infection when artificially induced. The most satisfactory experiments in regard to this question are those conducted by MARTINI (Zeit. f. Hyg. Bd. 38, 1901). This investigator found that rats by inhalation of virulent plague bacilli, contract a primary plague pneumonia.

The passage of the organism by inhalation from one rat to another, would appear to be the most satisfactory method of raising the virulence of the B. pestis. This would also appear to be the case in regard to the history of pneumonic plague in man, and would account for the rapid spread of this deadly form of the disease. Of great interest in regard to the pathology of the disease, is the statement. made by MARTINI, that plague bacilli isolated from such pneumonic case, gradually acquire the power of producing fatal lung plague when incorporated subcuta- neously or intra-peritoneally.

(e.) By Contact with Uninjured Mucous Membranes, e.g., the nose, conjunctiva, etc.-lhe members of the German Plague Commission were the first to show that by smearing plague infected material on the mucous membranes of the conjunctiva and the nose of the rat, general plague infection could be induced. They mention the occurrence of bubonic swellings in the neck and great enlargement of the spleen as results of such a method of inoculation.

604

They concluded that the infection was occasioned through the intact mucous membranes. BATZAROFF (Annl. Past. Bd. 13, 1899) and BANDI (Revue d'Hyg. Bd. 21) came to a similar conclusion, but found in addition that this method of inoculation was frequently followed by a primary plague pneumonia. It is obvious that here the infection was not through the intact mucous membrane but by way of the respiratory tract to the lungs.

Again, infection of the conjunctiva is frequently followed by general plague septicemia, and post-mortem marked pathological changes are found in the gastro- intestinal tract. The stomach shows small and large hæmorrhages. A similar condition is found in the intestine. The changes found are identical with those met with after feeding with plague bacilli or plague infected tissues.

The question would appear to arise as to whether the infection really takes place through the uninjured mucous membrane or is conveyed from the conjunc- tiva and the nose to the lungs or alimentary tract. In this connection the results obtained by RÖMER, MAYER, and HIROTA (cit. by KOLLE) are of great importance. These observers admit the occurrence of plague infection, after smearing the conjunctiva with plague infected material. They found, however, that if the nasal duct be previously ligatured, such an infection does not occur.

Such a result appears to offer an explanation of the exact mode of plague infection in such cases.

The post-mortem changes found after such a method of infection, are largely centered in the alimentary tract. The stomach is deeply congested. The intes- tinal canal is swollen, oedematous and, in some cases, ulcerated. The mesenteric lymphatic glands are also swollen and edematous, and contain large numbers of plague bacilli.

From the experimental evidence at one's disposal, the effect of smearing the mucous membranes of the conjunctiva and the nose with plague material is to produce plague infection per os. The causal agents reach the mouth or throat, and either set up the pneumonic manifestation of the disease, or pass by the œsophagus to the gastro-intestinal tract, eventually giving rise to a typical sep- ticæmic plague.

(f.) By Feeding. This method of infection would appear to be the commonest for the rat. The type of the disease is septicemic. The condition of the gastro- intestinal tract is similar to that found after smearing the uninjured mucous membranes of the nose and conjunctiva. The question of feeding and the origin of plague in the alimentary tract have been so frequently mentioned in this research, that one has little or no further comments to make in regard to the subject.

General Conclusions regarding Artificially Induced Rat Plague.

(1.) Plague in rats is either acute, chronic, or latent.

(2.) Septicæmic plague is the most characteristic type of the disease. (3.) Bubonic swellings are not marked features of rat plague.

(4.) Gastro-intestinal inoculation gives constant results.

(2.) Spontaneous Infection or the Naturally Induced Disease.-Natural infec-

tion through the skin would not appear to be common.

The effects of one infected

rat biting a healthy rat, scratching, and wounds produced by fighting, etc., are not of great importance in regard to the spread of the rat epizootic.

The part played by fleas would appear to be over-estimated. (Vide "Insects and the Spread of Plague.”)

The infection per os would appear to be the most frequent mode of dissemina- tion of plague amongst rats.

The opinions expressed by different observers, in regard to infection per os, are of a conflicting nature. GIBSON, HANKIN and SIMOND in India obtained inconstant results with feeding experiments. Their observations are more or less isolated.

The majority of recent experiments goes to show that plague infection per os is the all important mode of contraction of the disease in the rat.

605

My own results are in perfect accord with those obtained by Russian, Aus- trian, and German Plague Commissioners, who concluded that plague could be conveyed to rats by feeding them on plague infected material, and that in a state of nature, rats generally become infected in this manner.

GENERAL SOURCES OF INFECTION.

(1.) Direct from man.-Urine, fœces, sputum, etc.

(2.) Direct from rats.--Contact, food, urine, fœces, saliva.

(3.) Food.

(4.) Contact with Infected Matter In infected houses, in infected ships,

clothing, cargo merchandise, etc.

5. Other vermin.-Mice, cockroaches, ants, flies.

Many of the headings included in the general table on rat plague, are sufficiently clear in themselves.

Unfortunately, I find it impossible to deal with these thoroughly at the present time.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Relation of the Epidemic to the Epizootic.

The dictum of KoсH and many epidemiologists that plague is primarily disease of the rat, secondarily a disease of man, and that epidemic plague is en- tirely dependent on the presence of widespread plague infection in rats, has become widely recognised and accepted by many plague experts. If we look into the evidence in favour of such a conclusion, little information of a definite nature can qe obtained.

Up to the present time, no research has been accomplished which would jus- tify the conclusion that plague rats are the only sources from which the virus is communicated to man. We must admit that there is a good deal of evidence in favour of such a method, but, notwithstanding the constant influx of additional supplementary proof, there yet remains to be proved, the direct connection between epizootic rat plague and epidemic plague.

Rats and man suffer from plague. They are susceptible to an identical affection. This is practically the sum total of what has so far been accomplished in regard to the part played by the rat in the causation of human plague. АSH- BURTON THOMPSON, in his Report on Plague in Sydney for 1902, gives an excel- lent resumé of the present status of our knowledge in regard to the rat question.

He has come to the conclusion that our promise of safety for the future lies in habitually excluding rats from inhabited premises. Although admitting the justification of the rat theory of plague, he sees, like I did myself, many obstacles in the path, before a clear understanding of the factors underlying the whole question is attained.

Notwithstanding the dogmatisms of some plague experts in regard to the part played by the rat in the production of plague epidemics, much still remains doubtful. The conjectures that rat plague is frequently communicated to man or, as ASHBURTON THOMPSON says, that man and the rat in the usual circumstances of propinquity are recriprocally infective, require considerable systematic research in order to establish definite proof.

In Sydney, every effort was made to settle the question. Much supplement- ary evidence was obtained. The conclusion was drawn that infected rats play an important, if not the most important, role in the dissemination of the disease.

Again, statements are forthcoming that epidemic plague may exist in the absence of an epizootic, that human plague may exist for some time previous to the appearance of the disease amongst rats, and that epizootic rat plague does not in every case precede or lead up to an epidemic among men.

606

It was from the foregoing points of view that I took up the subject over two years ago. I felt compelled to investigate the question thoroughly, and determine how far one was justified in becoming a disciple of those content with the simple theory expressed in the word "Rat."

The accompanying remarks, with charts, tables, etc., are the outcome of nearly 2 years' systematic research into the question from every point of view which appeared to me to be of importance. In Hongkong, far removed from the centres of medical science, I have experienced considerable difficulty in keeping abreast with the status of our knowledge f this subject. A more or less constant communication has been kept up by me with the more important scientific schools of Europe, the directors of which have greatly assisted me in the task of obtaining accurate information in regard to the problems of the task which was before me.

There does not appear any necessity to discuss the question at length. Remarks, charts, tables, etc. are appended which are, in my opinion, sufficiently clear, and their interpretation is left to the readers' judgment.

I shall content myself here with concentrating the results, and applying them to the various questions which are constantly being plied by those who still appear sceptical as to the significance of the words "infected plague rats."

Observations in regard to the beliefs of our ancestors have been made in another section of this Report. Our forefathers noted that rat epizootics constantly preceded or accompanied plague epidemics.

Within the last decade, much evidence has been brought forward in regard to the relation of the epidemic to the epizootic.

The experience gained by the outbreaks of plague in the sea-ports of Oporto, Alexandria, Sydney, Kobe, etc., goes far to establish some connection between rat and human plague.

In these ports, as well as in others, the disease clung fast to the harbour town. The neighbouring cities and villages were not or only slightly affected by the disease.

Again, in the grossly overcrowded and filthy cities of the Orient, the introduc- tion of human plague has scarcely ever been followed by the establishment of an actual endemic plague focus. In such cities or ports, in which plague broke out epidemically, these epidemics would not appear to depend on the arrival of plague infected human beings, but upon the introduction of plague infected rats.

In different plague epidemics, grain stores, in which rats preferably lodge, have frequently become the central points of the outbreak. In Bombay, plague broke out first among the Banniahs. (German Plague Commission). In Oporto, the food stores appeared to be the centres from which the epidemic spread. (KOSSEL and FROSCH, Klin Jahr. Bd. 7, 1900.) Of great importance are rats on board ship. Examples of infected ship rats have abready been cited. (Vide Hamburg case of ship from Smyrna, cited by KOSSEL and NOCHT.) Another instance of the same was found in Bristol in 1901. Again, the experience gained from the condition of certain passenger ships visiting Hongkong, adds further evidence in the chain connecting rat-plague with the epidemic. (Vide SIMPSON'S Report on Plague in Hongkong.)

Plague rats may be present on board ships, without the advent of human plague. Further plague rats or the bodies of plague rats are probably of greater importance than a plague infected man.

The reports of English writers, during the past few years, admit the importance of the rat in disseminating plague infection, yet the majority of their writers show that considerable difficulty is experienced in perceiving how the infection can be conveyed from the rat to man.

SNow's observations contain no suggestions that the rat is the important cause of epidemic plague.

HANKIN (Past. Annl., 1898) infers that the incidence of plague, in a neigh- bourhood, stood in relation to its accessibility to infected rats and not to any of the commonly relied up causes as filth, overcrowding, etc. He was inclined to

the opinion that some insect acted as the intermediary host of the B. pestis.

In the same year SIMOND stated "that the epidemicity of plague was due to migrations of plague rats and not to human intercourse”.

-1

607

It is evident that considerable difference of opinion exists among plague experts in regard to the communicability of the plague virus to man and the connection between epizootic and epidemic plague.

Of importance in regard to my researches are the instances of plague infection emanating from grain and food stores.. (Vide "Food and its relation to Plague.")

Again, the general trend of opinion is against the hitherto advanced causes of epidemic plague, namely, direct and indirect mode of communication of the the disease, and place infection. My own experience of plague epidemics leads me to conclude that, apart from cases of primary pneumonic plague, the dangers of one person infecting another are over-estimated, and that place infection, apart from the presence of infected rats, is of no great significance.

We know that rats are highly susceptible to plague, and they readily commu-. nicate the infection to other rats. Rats when suffering from plague are peculiar in their habits. They leave their holes. They are apparently deprived of any sense of fear or danger when near human beings. They progress with a drunken like gait Conclusive movements cause them to make erratic springs into the air during ordinary progression. They die suddenly, usually from convulsions.

The natives of Bombay are so frightened by the peculiar appearance of these animals, and the finding of dead rats in their houses, that they flit at once.

According to ZUPITZA (Zeit. f. Hyg. Bd. 30, 1899) the natives of Kisiba in Central Africa have the same dread of rats either suffering from this condition or dead in their dwellings.

These remarks bring me up to the general consideration of my own results. Much evidence has been advanced in favour of the rat theory and that, when added to the conclusions drawn from my own charts, ought to bring these two outbreaks into close relationship to each other.

Coincidences between the epizootic and the epidemic on the same premises have been found on many occasions. Frequently, however, such is mixed." I have found it impossible to go into this part of the research, namely, the determination of the incidence of rat and human plague in each individual plague infected house in Hongkong. By compiling curves of the outbreaks for each Health District of the city, it is evident that an extremely close connection exists between the outbreaks.

Time and place relations are indicated sufficiently well in the appended charts and accompanying notes. What is of great importance in regard to the whole question is that epizootic plague always precedes epidemic plague.

The possible intermediaries necessary to convey the infection to man have already been sufficiently discussed under human and rat, plague.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Bridging of Epidemics.

From two charts which are appended, it will be seen that epizootic plague is present throughout the whole year. In the remarks to these charts, various conclusions are drawn in regard to the connection between the outbreaks..

What we have to explain is yearly recrudescence of the epizootic and the epidemic.

So far as the epidemic is concerned, my charts appear to show that humun plague is dependent on rat plague. Within 10 or 14 days after the commencement of the epizootic, human plugue appears. This is true, not only of Hongkong in general, but of each individual district in the Colony.

Therefore in dealing with this question, we have to explain the behaviour of the epizootic. Rat plague is present throughout the whole year.

It becomes epizootic at certain times of the year-in Hongkong during the first quarter of every year.

In order to explain the regular reappearance of the epizootic, we have to consider the question of the virulence of the B. pestis, and the period when rats are most prolific.

608

The plague bacillus is an organism which is liable to sudden alterations in its virulence. Two races of the bacillus may be cultivated under the same conditions for months. One may retain its virulence. The other may lose its virulence, either partially or completely. This loss of virulence may take place suddenly.

All proofs we have at present show that climatic influences have absolutely nothing to do with the question. Plague epidemics occur in Siberia as well as in the equatorial regions. Sunshine, humidity and rain do not appear to have any determining influence on the occurrence of plague epidemics. The reports of the Acting Medical Officer of Health show this more or less clearly. We have to remember the constant presence of rat plaque, and the occasional presence of human plague. Further it must be borne in mind that no rise in human plague is found unless it be preceded by a rise in rat plague.

Climatic influences in the production of human plague loose their significance by the establishment of the influences of rat plague. At the present day, few epidemiologists treat the climate seriously.

It is known that the plague bacillus may remain virulent for a considerable length of time at the temperature of 95-100° F.

By the continued passage of the plaque bacillus through Guinea pigs (cuta- neous inoculation), practically avirulent stocks of the B. pestis are obtained (KOLLE and MARTINI).

This also obtains in rats, as I have found by experiment.

Such avirulent cultures produce chronic and marasmatic plague.

KOLLE and MARTINI found that cultures of the B. pestis, which were highly virulent for Guinea pigs, would not kill rats with certainty.

I have found that rats occasionally show considerable resistance to infection when fed upon the plague infected tissues of man and other animals.

Other facts in regard to the peculiar alteration in the virulence of the plague bacillus might be mentioned, but space will not permit of one going more deeply into the subject.

My researches lead me to the following conclusions. (Vide charts.)

Plaque is primary epizootic.

epidemic.

Within a week or a fortnight it also becomes

Throughout the epizootic period, the type of plague amongst the rats is acute. Subsequent to the epizootic and epidemic plague periods, acute rat plague is also met with, but chronic rat plague becomes predominant.

During the interval between plaque epidemics, rat plaque is present, but the type of the disease is chronic.

My results show that:-

Acute rat plague is followed by epidemic plague.

Chronic rat plague bridges over epidemic plague.

My results show further that the percentage number of live rats caught and found infected during the interval between two plague epidemics, is much greater than that found during plague epidemics.

The following is interesting:-

1903-% Live Rats found Infected.

January,

February,

1 x 55

March.

April,.

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

October.....

November..

December,

609

About 75 per cent. of the rats caught alive and found infected, suffer from chronic plague.

An explanation of the occurrence of chronic rat plague, as a sequel to an epizootic of acute rat plague is by no means easy. From what has already been said, the continued passage of the B. pestis through the body of the rat tends to render the organism less virulent. A strain of the bacillus which excites acute rat plague during the early passages, will only cause chronic rat plague during the later passages.

In the plague bacillus we are dealing with an organism of the group of hæmorrhagic septicæmias. Such bacteria when introduce into the bodies of certain animals are known to progressively lose their virulence (DANYSZ). They give rise to outbreaks of spontaneons disease in animal. On the recrudescence of the epizootic the virulence again becomes increased. During the natural evolution of the epizootic, we find the microbe becomes attenuated and either finally disappears or, as in plague, persists in chronic form.

Recrudescence of rat plague in acute form would appear to depend upon the natural infection of fresh generations of rats, the bodies of which are highly suscep- tible to plaque infection.

My observations and knowledge of the habits of rats lead me to the conclusion that the obstinate clinging of plague to any particular area and its periodical recrudescence is occasioned through chronic rat plague. The recrudescence of the epizootic occurs at definite seasons of the year, namely, during the period of maximal rat prolificacy.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The History of the Course and Relations of Epizootic and Epidemic Plague in the Health Districts

of Hongkong during the year 1902.

Introductory Remarks.-Previous to my arrival in Hongkong on the 27th February, 1902, no attempt had been made to thorouhly investigate the course of epizootic plague in rats. From time to time a few rats were examined for the presence of plague infection at the Public Mortuary by the Medical Officer in charge, but these examinations, amounting to a few hundreds only, cannot be regarded as of much value, beyond establishing the fact that such a disease as "Rat Plague" existed in the Colony.

In London, I learned from Professor SIMPSON, who was about to leave for Hongkong, that much was to be gained by regular and systematic examinations of all rats, dead or alive, and further, his experience of plague in South Africa, pointed to an intimate association between the rat epizootic and the human epidemic.

On my arival in Hongkong, arrangements were made by Professor SIMPSON and Dr. CLARK, the Medical Officer of Health, to have as many rats as possible collected from the various Health Districts of the Colony and forwarded to me for examination.

With the consent of the Principal Civil Medical Officer, I assumed charge of the Government Public Mortuary on the 20th March, 1902.

The rats caught alive or found dead were sent daily to the Public Mortuary. Exact details as to the place where each rat was found was furnished by the Sanitary Department. During the months of March, April, and part of May, these bacteriological examinations were systematically carried out by myself.

It was evident from the very commencement, however, that if such a research was to be prosecuted on an extensive scale, and in a systematic manner, with uniform result, the accommodation at the Public Mortuary would have to be increased, and extra assistance provided.

610

Accordingly the existing old Coroner's Court adjoining the Mortuary was so reconstructed that the examination of the animals could be undertaken satisfactorily for the time being. Two rooms were provided-one for actual post-mortem work, the other for microscopic examinations.

Extra assistance was obtained in the month of May. The services of four Japanese Doctors were requisitioned, and the examination of rats was carried on until the month of October.

On the 13th of October, these gentlemen returned to Japan. From this date onwards, the research has been systematically carried on by myself, assisted by Chinese Doctors and Students trained in Western Medicine in the College of Medicine in Hongkong. The opportunities afforded for carrying out these examinations, the bacteriological methods employed, and a short resumé of the results obtained, have already been given in my Report for 1902.

During the year 1902, 117,839 rats, alive or dead, were bacteriologically examined. Of these, 2,015 were found to be plague infected. The number of rats examined daily, counting six days to a week, averaged nearly four hundred.

Charts are attached, representing in the form of curves, the courses taken by the epizootic and the epidemic. In all charts, the epizootic is marked by an uninterrupted line; the epidemic by a dotted line.

As considerable difficulty was experienced in starting the systematic exam- inations, reliable results were not obtained until the beginning of April. All the charts for 1902, show the start of the curves from the 8th of April. The charts are representative of weekly fluctuations in the epizootic and epidemic. My reasons for dealing with the prevalence of the epizootic and epidemic in each district, and in such detail, is that in a general and annual chart many important points bearing. upon the intimate relationship between rat and human plague, become lost or

obscured.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

A General Resumé of the Results obtained during 1902.

The results which have been obtained through following the courses of the epizootic and the epidemic, are surprisingly good when one considers the cir- cumstances under which they were obtained.

The research had just been commenced. Difficulties were met with in regard to reliable systematic bacteriological examinations, the routine collection of rats, and the many other duties connected with plague work during the year. With Professor SIMPSON in the Colony, a large amount of experimental plague work was undertaken, and this in conjunction with my routine duties, partly interfered with the attention which had to be devoted to my investigation into the relations existing between epizootic plague and epidemic plague.

Considerable success, however, was met with, and, notwithstanding the frequent changes in the subordinate staff of examiners, results have been obtained which are, in my opinion, of great value.

The details in regard to rat and human plague are furnished for each Health District in Hongkong. At first it was my intention to confine my researches to a general chart, but on preparation of this, I was so struck by the results obtained, that it was considered necessary to examine the question more thoroughly. Accordingly, charts of each individual district in Hongkong were prepared, and the outcome has been most satisfactory. The more intimate connections between the courses of rat and human plague have been determined in the presence of few numbers. In the majority of the charts, the results are of a very convincing nature. In one or two, the curves are somewhat erratic in their course, but, as can be seen from examination, this is due to the small number of cases which were at disposal. Again, variations in the collections of rats throughout the city have to be accounted for.

Further the rat content of certain districts is subject to variation, according to the sudden advent of a few cases of human plague, which results in sanitary activity being concentrated more or less on this spot for the time being.

•

144

140

136

132

128

124

120

116

112

108

104

100

HONGKONG-1902.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19

ONGKONG-1902.

•

Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

611

Some of the curves would appear to be influenced in this way. and epidemic die down, one or other may even disappear.

The epizootic

When such has occurred it will be seen that in these temporarily plague freed areas, the epizootic is the first to make its reappearance, and the rat plague is followed by a recurrence of human plague within a week or a fortnight.

It has been said that one or other of these outbreaks may disappear. The lessons which one learns from these curves are that it is possible to have an absolute disappearance of the epidemic.

Sanitary efforts appear so far to be highly successful in regard to the removal of human plague. With the epizootic, the matter is unfortunately otherwise. survey of the curves will show a drop of the epidemic to zero. The epizootic falls at the same time. The fall may be considerable, but it rarely reaches zero.

These results impress upon us the fact that it is the infected rat which we have to cope with, and that no matter how far reaching our cleansing operations and stamping out system" of human plague benefit us, the root of the evil still remains in the shape of infected rats.

Among the Health Districts of Hongkong, it would appear that the sanitary success obtainable in any one district is in a great measure vitiated by the condition of affairs in neighbouring districts. One district may be thoroughly cleansed and freed from all plague infection, yet in the course of a few days, such labour and expense are lost, owing to the incoming infection which possibly exists in the immediate surroundings.

Viewing, in the first place, the general chart for 1902, it strikes one that some possible connection exists between rat plague and human plague.

The epizootic is much in excess of the epidemic. Fluctuations in the one are followed by fluctuations in the other.

The epizootic appears in advance of the epidemic. An interval of a week or a fortnight usually elapses. So far as the results of the general chart for 1902 are concerned, it would be a mistake to hastily conclude that the one is the cause of the other that rat plague is the cause of human plague.

I approached the subject for 1902 with a perfectly open mind. I was quite prepared to find rat plague had nothing to do with human plague, and would not have been surprised to find man the cause of the epizootic.

The general chart shows us then, that there is a geral resemblance of the epideme curve to that of the epizootic. The only thng which strikes one is that it commences a week later, and that rises and falls in the epizootic curve are usually followed by similar fluctuations in the epidemic curve. In fact the number of acute rises in the epizootic curve is frequently followed by a similar number of rises in the epidemic curve.

This is certainly true of the earlier stages of outbreak. In order to examine more closely the course and relations of such curves it will be advisable to divide these up into different stages:-

(1) The Initial stage.

(2.) The Fastigium.

(3.) The Defervescence.

(4.) The Subsequent history of the curves.

The Initial Stage of the Epizootic. In all the districts of Hongkong the epizoo- tic was existent on the 8th April. Only two districts form the exception, in which its onset was unexplainably delayed, namely, in districts Nos. 5 and 10. In these the epizootic appeared in the middle of April.

For the year 1902, owing the fact that the examinations were not commenced until the beginning of April, it is impossible to say more than that rat plague was existent. It was apparent that in some districts, the epizootic was present for some considerable time previous to the commencement of the examinations. others, however, it was certainly absent.

612

The initial rise in rat plague is usually a rapid one. It commences with two, four, or six cases iu one week. The number is doubled or tripled during the next week, and the maximum of the epizootic is usually reached in about a month or six weeks after its commencement.

Such is the ordinary course of rat plague. Minor differences are found on going into detail, some of which are interesting.

Exception may be taken to the condition of affairs in district No. 3. The small number of cases of the epizootic and the epidemic during the initial stages, coupled with the preliminary organisation of the rat collecting staff must be held accountable for any apparent discrepancies. In district No. 4, the initial height of the epizootic reached its maximum within the month. A slight fall then took place, concurrently with a fall in the epidemic. This was succeeded by a second maximum in the height of the epizootic, which was reached exactly two months after the commencement of the outbreak.

A somewhat similar condition of affairs is found in districts Nos. 6 and 9.

The rise in the epizootic may be sudden, or by a series of weekly elevations. Sudden advents of rat plague are most frequently found. Gradual elevations with intervening depressions, are not common. In general the epizootic reaches a much higher level than the epidemic. In a few instances, the height of the latter approaches that of the former, but this is rare, so far as 1902 is concerned. In districts Nos. 9 and 10, both reach approximately the same level. In districts Nos. 5 and 6, this is also marked, but not to the same degree.

1a. The Initial Stage of the Epidemic.-In the general curve for Hongkong, there is a general rise to the maximal point. The epizootic curve reached its maximum within 5 weeks. The epidemic curve followed closely behind, reaching its maximum in 7 weeks, e.g., a fortnight later than rat plague. In contradistinction to the curve of the epizootic, the rise in human plague is accomplished by a series of elevations, followed usually by slight depressions. An explanation of this is by no means obvious. Comparisons made with the rat plague curve, show elevations in the epidemic curve subsequent to a distinct rise in the epizootic.

Such elevations in human plague occur usually within a week or fortnight after the rise in epizootic plague. When we study the curves as detailed for each individual district, certain variations are found which give us a considerable amount of information in regard to the possible inter-relationship.

An examination of the Kowloon curve shows us how closely it resembles the general curve of Hongkong. The apex of the epidemic curve is reached a fortnight later than the maximum of the epizootic tracing. A break in the initial stage of the epidemic curve is observable. On looking for similar evidence in that of the epizootic, we find it in the shape of an elevation followed by a depression occurring about a fortnight earlier.

Very satisfactory curves are obtained in Districts Nos. 2, 5, 9 and 10.

In No. 2 the epidemic curve is broken and only reaches its maximumn a week after the epizootic has risen beyond what to begin with looked like its ultimate maximum.

In No. 5 the epidemic curve appeared to be following the epizootic closely. The latter reached its maximum but fell suddenly. This sudden fall apparently had the effect of prolonging the low elevation of the epidemic curve even causing a slight depression. Subsequently the severe infection raised the epidemic, and the curve reached its maximum about a month after that of the epizootic.

The picture shmon us by Districts Nos. 9 and 10 could not be finer. The rise of the epidemic in both is gradual. The apex of the curve in both is reached a fort- night later than that of the epizootic.

In that of No. 9 the elevations and depressions in the epidemic curve compare admirably with all the variations found in the epizootic curve.

One would almost imagine that the second curve in its rise and fall, is too good to be true. Such an epidemic curve, occurring ten days or a fortnight after that of the epizootic, is, in my opinion, strong evidence of some extremely close ralation existing between rat plague and human plague..

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. 1.-1902.

..Human Plague.

-Rat Plague..

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

ייי

ე

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. 2.-1902.

Human Plague.

Rat Plague.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. 3.-1902.

ย

Human Plague,

Rat Plague.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5. 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

∞ ∞ 10 4 10 2 = O

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO.. 4-1902.

Human Plagne.

-Rat Plague.

.7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

613

In District No. 10, the condition is almost identical. A rather unexplain- able fall in the epidemic curve occurs. This may be due to sanitary interference or to the fact that such cases as were present, cleared out of Hongkong as soon as the district became suspiciously plague infectel. Such variations in the curves must occur and are impossible to clear up, when one has to fight for knowledge amongst natives, who frequently turn their densest ear towards one, whenever information regarding cases of suspicious sickness is requested.

Other variations in the epidemic curve are forthcoming in Districts Nos. 6 and 8. Here the elevation to the maximum of the epidemic is certainly post- poned for a considerable time.

It is difficult to account for suc, but on going into the question with such detail as I have done, in the presence of a native population, and rigorous sanitary measures, it is surprising to find so many of the charts which give accurate in- formation in regard to the incidence of the epizootic and the epidemic. In the remaining districts the maximum elevation of the epidemic curve was low. not- withstanding an occasional appreciable elevation in the curve of the epizootic. A close examination of the relation of the epidemic curve to that of the epizootic will enable one to conclude that the course of the epizootic curve is in the majority of instances responsible for the shape of the epidemic curve.

The Fastigium. In the general curve for 1902, a good idea is obtained o. what holds good of or each individual district, in regard to the maintenance of the elevation of the epizootic and the epidemic. The sudden rise of the epizootic to its maximum is not usually long mrintained. A fall for some considerable distance takes place, with a subsequent maintanance of a lowered elevation for some weeks. The epidemic in general shows the same character.

The general curves for each individual district show practically the same as that which obtains in the general curve. The elevations and depressions at and about the maximal extent of each curve follow each other closely. The same close relation between human and rat plague is shown during this stage of the outbreaks.

The Defervescent of the Curves.--In order to bring the epidemic curve into close relation with that of the epizootic, this part of the outbreak is of the highest importance.

We have seen so far that ascent, and maximal elevation with variations, the two curves follow each other closely.

From this alone one could not claim to have established a connection between the two outbreaks, all one could say is that both occur about the same time, but probably occur quite independently of each other, at least the question would be asked, given these two curves, the one as it w re lying within the other, what points in these lead on to the conclusion that the one is the result of the other.

The history of the outbreaks is useful. We have seen that the epizootic precedes the epidemic by about a fortnight, that variations in the epizootic are followed by variations in the epidemic, that their maximal point more or less correspond, and in general, a superficial glance at the curves makes one think of the extremely close relation which must exist between the two outbreaks.

But it must be remembered, that rat plague may be present without the advent of human plague, and vice versa, and that occasionally the amount of rat plague bears no relation to the amount of human plague. These questions and others must be answered before accepting the statement that in rats we have the key to the problem of plague prevention.

The general curve for 1902 shows the epidemic curve almost surrounded by that of the epizootic. From this chart alone it could not be concluded that the one is the cause of the other, if so, we should expect the rat plague curve to fall inside that of the epidemic curve. Shortly, if there is a connection between the epizootic and the epidemic, the latter should rise according to the elevations in the epizootic, and with a fall in the epizootic, human plague should more or less

cease.

The preliminary part of these curves have been followed. They are seen more or less to harmonise. The point now to be considered is the relation existing between the epidemic and the epizootic towards the close of the outbreaks. If the latter is the cause of the former it should fall previous to the decline in epidemic plague.

614

There are other considerations which must be brought forward, which do show the close inter-relationship between rat and human plague. It will be of interest, however, to examine as to how far this question may be answered affirm- atively. In the general chart, the rat plague curve has just missed falling inside that of the epidemic. Here, however, we are dealing with an extremely mixed collection of results. The condition of affairs in each individual district is of much greater interest.

In order to show the relationship between the fall of the two curves, it is necessary to have a sufficient complement of epizootic and epidemic. As we have seen, the epizootic is usually in excess. The number of cases of the epidemic may be so small as to vitiate what would otherwise have been a positive result.

Therefore in drawing conclusions as to this point only charts showing a goodly number of both outbreaks in fairly equal proportion can be used.

The Kowloon chart like the general chart (which also includes Kowloon) shows a very large preponderance of the epizootic. A close examination of the two curves, however, will convince one that had the epidemic been in anything like proportionate numbers, its defervescence would have followed and not imme- diately preceded that of the epizootic.

The experience gained in other districts is of the greatest interest in this respect.

In all the districts in Hongkong in 1902, with three exceptions, the charts show that the epizootic falls first and is followed by the epidemic. Immedi- ately the rat plague diminishes or diappears human plague becomes more or less extinct. In order to convince oneself of this, a glance at the charts of Health Districts Nos, 2, 5, 9, and 10 is sufficient. A similar condition of affairs is also to be found in the charts of the Districts Nos. 1, 3, and 6.

The three exceptions mentioned, namely, those found in Districts Nos. 4, 7 7. and 8, come under the same category as the general chart and that for Kowloon. rat plague is severe, but the epidemic is slight. This being so, an opportunity is not afforded to compare the one curve with the other.

The Subsequent History of the Curves.

Again this is of the greatest interest. Many points are worthy of close study in regard to the continuance or decline of one or other of the outbreaks. The general chart shows us that the epidemic becomes extinct. A few cases occur erratically, but no further epidemic takes place.

The epizootic falls and to all appearance looks as if it were to disappear also. This is not so, however; it never becomes extinct. It remains in abeyance for a week or two, subsequently breaking out in considerable numbers.

This recrudescence of the epizootic is not followed by the epidemic.

The type of curve of the recrudescent epizootic is totally different from that of the main outbreak. The rises and falls of the curve are gradual not precipitous like the onset and course of the primary curve. This recurrant epizootic is seen to

maintain itself in considerable force until the end of the year.

Such a discovery is of great significance in regard to the possible recurrence of the epidemic in the different districts. This part of the epizootic and its signi- ficance is considered under a separate heading.

Noteworthy is the severity of the epizootic during the last quarter of 1902 in the following districts: Kowloon Nos. 2, 6, and 8. It will be interesting to follow the course of events in these districts during the early part of 1903, and trace as far as possible the influence of a mild or a severe epizootic towards the end of the year, on the outbreak of the epidemic in these particular districts.

The foregoing represents as shortly as possible a resumé of the results of my investigations into the rat question during 1902.

In my opinion, the results are better than were at first expected. Notwith- standing many initial defects in the whole system of rat examination, the research has brought out many points bearing upon the course of the epizootic and its pos- sible relation to the epidemic.

O-N 30

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. 5.-1902

Human Plague.

-----Rat Plague.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. 6.-1902.

Co A or ~~ X

..Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

16 ·

a∞ > CO 10 30 2 HO

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. 7.-1902.

་

.Human Plague.

Rat Plague.

....1

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

== K 00 A O7 ~

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. 8.-1902.

Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

کر

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

. 16

OIN W

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. 9.-1902.

ONG

Human Plague.

Rat Plague.

HLA

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 2330

...

N W

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. 10.-1902.

..Human Plague.

Rat Plague.

ᄆ....ᄆ

ப

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

25....

24.

1152

13.

.12.

10...

7...

HONGKONG KOWLOON-

1 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5:12

ƆNG KOWLOON-1902.

2:10-

لاريا

...Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

06 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

615

It was only by continued examination of enormous numbers of rats and careful microscopic and bacteriological methods that these results have been elicited.

Throughout the whole of 1902, I was ably assisted by many willing hands, and my thanks are due to the members of the Sanitary and Medical Departments who have at all times rendered me every assistance possible.

I do not conclude for a moment that all the lessons to be learnt from the accompanying charts are given in my resumé. Perhaps careful examination of these by other observers may lead to new facts and varied interpretations. The results of 1902 are merely put forward as a further link in the already strong chain of evidence in favour of the rat theory of plague.

These observations have been extended throughout the whole of 1903 and part of 1904. These results will be compared with those of 1902, and the sequence of events which happened during the interval between the epidemic of 1902 and 1903, and that between 1903 and 1904 will be shown as clearly as possible.

It is only by such a systematic examination that results of value can be obtained, and these investigations which were begun over two years ago, and have been continued without intermission ever since, ought to enable us to decide, whether the rat theory is in reality only supposition or is founded upon actual fact.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The History of the Colony in 1902.

On this chart, we have, in condensed form, the epizootic and epidemic curves.

We have no reliable data in regard to the presence of rat plague previous to the Sth of April. Cases of the epidemic had occurred from time to time, but in more or less sporadic form.

During the week ending April the 8th, the amount of rat plague was estimated. Human plague was then existent, but the cases were few in number. During the 2nd week of April, the epizootic began to rise. No change in the epidemic was noted during this week.

During the 3rd week of April, the epidemic began to rise.

From this point onwards, both outbreaks increased in severity, the one following the other, the interval being 10 days to a fortnight.

The maximum of rat plague was reached on the week ending the 13th of May.

The maximum of human plague was attained on the week ending the 3rd of June, a little over a fortnight later.

Subsequent to this date, variations in rat plague are followed by variations in the epidemic. Both fall together, the epidemic disappearing gradually. The epizootic, on the other hand, after a pronounced fall, reasserts itself, and runs with a varying severity until the end of the year.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The History of Health District No. 1 in 1902. The history commences from the 8th of April. Rat plague is already existent on the 8th of April, but is slight in, amount.

So far it has not been accompanied by epidemic plague. A fortnight later a considerable rise in rat plague takes place, succeeded by a fall in about a week later.

A week or ten days after this initial rise in rat plague, human plague appears. The course of the epidemic curve follows closely that of the epizootic_curve. It is only delayed about 14 days. A second rise in the epizootic takes place in

May towards the end of the month.

616

This is succeeded by a reappearance of the epidemic during the first and second weeks of June. Subsequent to this date, a peculiar alteration of circum- stances takes place.

Up to the middle of June, the epizootic has always preceded the epidemic by about a fortnight.

Subsequent to this period, a complete overthrowal of the order of events takes place.

The epidemic does not vanish in a week or two after the fall in epizootic plague. Cases frequently occur, maintaining the human plague curve above that of the epizootic.

The rat plague becomes extinct for a week in the presence of human plague.

•

In a week or so, rat plague reappears as pronounced as ever. By this time human plague has disappeared for a week. But after this recrudescence of rat plague has lasted a week, human plague reappears and persists for a week subsequent to the disappearance of the epizootic recrudescence. A week later rat plague again appears but is not followed by any marked epidemic. Subsequently brief outbursts of the epizootic occur during the last quarter of the year. No epidemic occurs. A possible explanation of this, will be given under a separate heading.

The Conclusions drawn from District No. 1.

1. The epizootic preceded the epidemic at the beginning.

2. The interval between both averages a fortnight.

3. Towards the middle of the epidemic, the continued elevation of the human plague curve, would appear to occasion an elevation of the epizootic curve, the latter again calling forth a recrudescence of the epidemic.

4. The recrudescence of the epidemic would again occasion an outbreak

of the epizootic, etc.

5. The curves show that during the early stages of the epizootic and epidemic, rat plague and human plague are distinct. The former is regularly succeeded by the latter. During the height of both each would appear to occasion the other. The epidemic may occasion the epizootic, the latter again stimulating the advent of the epidemic.

6. The commencement of the epidemic would appear to be the result of

the epizootic.

7. During the height of the disease, the epidemic and the epizootic

would appear to share equally the continuance of the disease.

The History of Health District No. 2 in 1902.

On the 8th of April, the epizootic is thoroughly established and maintains itself until the end of May. No epidemic was existent on the 8th of April. It appeared a fortnight later.

With the continued rise in the epizootic during this period, the epidemic was established. The epidemic reaches its highest point one week after the apex of the epizootic.

Towards the end of May both fall. The epizootic becomes extinct. The epidemic falls slightly, and subsequently rises to nearly its former height. As already mentioned, there is no rat plague at this period.

The epidemic now continues more or less constantly. This being so, the epizootic reappears, gradually rising to a higher level than the epidemic. Subse- quently the epidemic would appear to follow the epizootic and vice versa. The epidemic stopped on the 26th of August. The epizootic continued more or less throughout the year..

A rise in the epizootic towards the end of the year is well marked. Conclusions drawn from District No. 2.—

1. The course of the disease is an excellent example of the relationship

between the epidemic and the epizootic.

617

2. The epidemic appears about 14 days after the epizootic.

3. Its height is reached about a week after the epizootic reaches its

maximum.

4. The epizootic disappears, while the epidemic continues.

5. The inter-relationship of the epizootic and epidemic during the height

of the disease.

The History of Health District No. 3 in 1902.-The epizootic was existent on the 8th April.

The epidemic did not appear until 14 days later.

During May the epidemic appears to follow the epizootic.

A rise in the epizootic during the first fortnight of May, is succeeded by a rise in the epidemic during the last two weeks of May.

During the height of the disease, a close relationship exists between the epizootic and epidemic.

This chart, generally taken, shows the same characters as in that of Districts Nos. 1 and 2.

It must be remembered that this District was very slightly affected during 1902, making the construction of curves extremely difficult, and the small number of cases renders an interpretation of the curves almost impossible. A comparison with the state of affairs found in other districts, clarifies the course of events found in 1902 in this District.

The History of Health District No. 4.—On the 8th of April, the epizootic was present. No epidemic present.

A week later, the epidemic appeared. The epizootic rose during the 4th week of April. The epidemic rose during the 1st week of May. The epizootic reached its maximum during the 4th week of May. This was followed by a sudden rise in the epidemic during the 1st week of June.

The epizootic fell greatly in numbers during the last week of June.

The epidemic disappeared during the 2nd week of July. The epizootic rose again to a height during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of July.

The epidemic reappeared for 3 weeks, namely, during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of July. Subsequently the epidemic disappeared until the end of the year.

The epizootic continued with exacerbations throughout the remainder of the year.

Conclusions drawn from District No. 4.--

1. The appearance of the epidemic is a week later than the epizootic. 2. A rise in epizootic plague is followed by a rise in epidemic plague. 3. A fall in epizootic plague is followed by a fall in epidemic plague. 4. The epizootic may exist rampant without the epidemic. This would appear possible only at certain periods of the year, namely, during the last quarter.

The History of Health District No. 5. -The epizootic and epidemic were late in appearance.

Rat plague appeared in the middle of April. Human plague appeared on the first of May. The general course of the disease showed an acute exacerbation of the epizootic with a more or less rapid fall.

The epidemic increased gradually, reaching its height four weeks after the maximum of the epizootic.

At the time the epidemic was at its height, the epizootic had diminished greatly. The epidemic disappeared within a week, and was followed by a recrudes- cence of the epizootic. This increase of rat plague was not followed by a great recrudescence of human plague. Cases of human plague were present, but few in number.

618

The epizootic with exacerbations continued to the end of the plague was practically absent.

Conclusions drawn from District No. 5.—

year. Human

1. The primary severe epizootic was followed by a severe outbreak of the

epidemic.

2. The epidemic reached its maximum after a fall in the numbers of the

epizootic.

3. Little or no relation appears to exist between human plague and the

continuance, with acute outbreaks, of the epizootic.

The History of Health District No. 6 in 1902.-Rat plague appeared on the 8th of April.

The epidemic followed a fortnight later. The courses of the epizootic and epidemic are somewhat similar to that found in Health District No. 5.

In the middle of May the epizootic reached its highest point.

At the beginning of June, a smart rise of the epidemic was found. During the first week of July a sudden rise of the epidemic took place, and this was followed by a rise in the epizootic which was prolonged for several weeks. The condition of affairs is representative of what is usually found, and com- pares favourably with the charts illustrating the sequence of events in other districts. Noteworthy is the continuance of rat plague until the end of the year. Possible explanation of this rise of the epizootic is given under a separate heading.

The History of Health District No. 7 in 1902.-The epizootic was present on the 8th of April. The epidemic started a fortnight later. The highest point in the epizootic was reached about the middle of the month of May. The highest point in the epidemic was reached about the first week in the month of June, i.e., about a fortnight later.

A regular rise and fall of the epizootic and the epidemic took place throughout. In general a rise in rat plague was followed by a rise in human plague about ten days to a fortnight later. A point of note in connection with the epizootic is the repeated acute recrudescence of the disease. In this chart, as well as in many others, one finds two main recrudescences of the epizootic during the prevalence of the epidemic. Sudden outbursts of the epizootic without the advent of human plague are found, as in other districts, towards the end of the year.

The History of Health District No. 8 in 1902.-The epizootic was pres nt on the 8th of April, but remained in abeyance until about the end of the month.

During the week ending the 29th April. there was a sudden advent of rat plague. This was followed a week later by the appearance of the epidemic. During the week ending the 6th May, the epizootic reached its maximum height. From this date onwards with various depressions and exacerbations, the epizootic curve slowly fell, coming more or less suddenly to an end about the middle of September.

Human plague evidenced itself during the greater part of the period of the epizootic. It began a week later, had exacerbations and depressions more or less similar to those found in the epizootic, and it finished a fortnight previous to rat plague. The more minute details in regard to the two curves compare favourably with those already given under other districts.

Conclusions drawn from this District.---

1. The epizootic is sudden in advent.

2. The epidemic is more gradual in onsets.

3. The epizootic begins one week earlier and finishes a fortnight later

than the epidemic.

•

The History of Health District No. 9 in 1902.-So far as the relations exist- ing between the epizootic and the epidemic, this district is of the greatest importance.

244

240

236

232

228

224

220

216

212

208

204

200

196

192

188

184

180

176

172

168

164

160

156

152

148

144

140

136

132

128

124

120

116

112

108

104

100

HONGKONG-1903.

GKONG-1903.

..Human Plagne.

-Rat Plague.

176

172

168

164

160

156

152

148

144

140

136

132

128

124

120

116

112

108

104

100

•

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26

•

Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

3 20 27,3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

*12

- ∞ - CO 10 + 10 2 – O

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. No. 1.-1903.

.Human Plague.

Rat Plague.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 03

21.

12 -

OT ~ C A or a ~ 00

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. «

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 2

G DISTRICT NO. 2.-1903.

....Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. 3.-1903.

•

·Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. 4.–1903.

.Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

பாட

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

ลง

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. 5.-1903.

Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

コ

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. 6

Пп

IG DISTRICT NO. 6.-1903.

***

.Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

⚫50

عالميا

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2

•

Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

) 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

40.

12.

་

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. 7

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26:

NG DISTRICT No. 7.-1903.

Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

HONGKONG DISTRICT No. ¿

4001 HO

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 20

IG DISTRICT No. 8-1903

་

•

.Human Plague.

-Bat Plague.

20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. 9.–1903.

*27

་་

-- - - -

Human Plagne.

Rat Plague.

ande

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20.27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

CO 10

→ CON HO

HONGKONG DISTRICT NO. 10.-1903.

•

.Human Plague.

-Rat Plague.

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30°

HONGKONG-KOWLOON-

ƆNG-KOWLOON–1903.

:---

Human Plague.

Rat Plague.

•

பாட

7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2

பா

Human Plague.

Rat Plague.

13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30

619

A study of the chart is most instructive. The epizootic started on the 8th of April. The epidemic began on the 15th of April. A regular rise in the epizootio is followed by a similar rise in the epidemic about a week or ten days later.

The epizootic reaches its maximum a fortnight before the highest point in the -curve of the epidemic. The fall in rat plague occurs previous to the fall in human

plague.

During the month of July another recrudescence of rat and human plague took place. The relations existing between the two are the same as those already

mentioned.

During the month of August a close inter-relationship existed between rat and human plague.

Conclusions drawn from District No. 9.-

1. The epizootic preceded the epidemic by one week. 2. The epidemic increased in proportion to the epizootic.. 3. Both diminished in proportion.

4. A relapse occurred in both cases with similar results.

5. From this chart, it would appear that the epidemic stands in direct relation to the epizootic. With an increased epizootic, one obtains an increased epidemic and vice versa.

The History of Health District No. 10 in 1902.-A general survey of the two curves in this district is, in my opinion, of a very convincing nature in regard to the relationship existing between the epizootic and the epidemic.

The epizootic is first in the field. It is followed by the epidemic, the march of which is at first sight slower.

Notwithstanding, the epidemic reaches its maximum about a fortnight after the climax of the epizootic. Both fall gradually, the epizootic first in order. From the month of July onwards, recrudescences of both outbreaks take place from time to time. This is in harmony with the results obtained in other districts. A possible explanation of this will be brought forward later.

Conclusions drawn from this District.-

1. The epidemic follows the epizootic with an interval varying from 7

to 14 days.

2. The detail in the epidemic is apparently moulded by that of the

epizootic.

3. Characteristic is the fall of the epidemic in accordance with the

decline in rat plague.

The History of Kowloon in 1902.-The district is an extremely large ones and the results which I have obtained on comparing the epidemic with the epizootic, give one practically the same picture as obtained on preparing a general chart for Hongkong.

The general chart of Hongkong for 1902 is almost identical with this one. My intention was to deal with Kowloon in a similar manner to Hongkong, but, being single handed, and pressed for time, I found the labour too great.

Doubtless if the details of Kowloon were given, the results would compare favourably with those obtained for each individual district in Hongkong. Such curves as these, when placed alongside many of those prepared for single districts, show us how carefully the question of inter-relationship of epizootic and epidemic must be approached. General curves give us a fair survery of what is at work. but it is only on thoroughly going into each district in detail, that the closer relations between the two outbreaks become evident,

A glance at these curves of Kowloon show us the great preponderance of the epizootic. Yet notwithstanding, the epidemic follows, in its rise and fall, the course of the rat plague, showing the usual interval between the occurrence of the one and the appearance of the other. Of great interest is the severity of the epizootic during the last quarter of the year.

-י

620

The History of the Course and Relations of Epizootic and Epidemic Plague in the Health Districts of

Hongkong during the year 1903.

In dealing with the subject of rat and human plague for the year 1903, the descriptions of the epizootic and the epidemic merely require to be touched. The details given under the History of the 1903 outbreak conform more or less to those found during 1902.

Much greater reliance is to be placed upon these results. The observations were made after the system of rat collection and examination had been more or less perfected. Certain errors which were brought to light during the year have been eliminated as far as possible. These are, mainly, the possible importation of dead and living rats into the Colony by the Chinese who evidently believed that fortunes were about to be amassed by the sale of rats to innocent coolies at the

expense of the Government. This factor in the system of rat collection was fortunately soon discovered and rigorously dealt with by the Sanitary Authorities.

In the preparation of the curves for 1903, this falsifying of the rat return has been remedied as far as possible. It would not appear to have altered the condition of affairs to any great extent as can be seen by comparing the charts with those of 1902.

A factor in determining the relationship of epidemic plague to the epizootic was noted in the resumé for 1902, namely, the number of cases of both outbreaks at one's disposal. Obviously the epidemic of 1902 occasionally failed me in producing a sufficient number of plague cases in certain districts in the epidemic. of 1903. On the other hand, the epizootic exceeds the epidemic in number of cases so greatly that, in certain charts, it is difficult to trace much connection between the curves.

Comparisons made with the charts of 1902 will clarify matters considerably.

Again the charts for 1903 have in their favour the determination of the amounts of both epizootic and epidemic throughout the whole year.

There are many points of considerable importance in regard to the behaviour of the epizootic during the interval between two epidemics. The influences exerted by the epizootic in determining the amount and the distribution of the succeeding epidemic, etc., are discussed under a separate heading.

The charts are prepared in the same manner as those for 1902. They are in certain instances much more extensive, but this is accounted for by the increased severity of the epizootic and epidemic throughout the year. Attempts were made to reduce the charts, but the result was found unsatisfactory and might possibly lead to certain misinterpretation.

In preparing all the charts, actual numbers have been dealt with.

During the year, 101,056 rats were examined. Of there, 3,744 were found tʊ be infected with plague.

General Resumé of the Results obtained during 1903. The results obtained during this year are more regular. Some of the greater oscillations in the curve of the epizootic about its maximum are in all probability due to the fraudulent import of rats which was rampant during the height of the plague season. These can be more or less eliminated in comparing the results.

Similar to what was obtained in 1902, sudden variations in the rat content and number of plague infected rats in each district, are found.

Of importance in regard to the early appearance of the epidemic is the presence- of a considerable amount of rat plague on the 1st of January. So long as this epizootic_maintains its average degree of severity, no cases of human plague are found. Immediately, however, a definite rise of rat plague takes place, cases of plague in man may be expected within a fortnight.

•

OHN 00 A

HONGKONG.-1902-03

זי

........

1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25

July.

•

August. September.

October. November.. December.

•

January. February.

1902.

GKONG.-1902-03.

.Human Plague. -Rat Plague.

-8 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13.20 27 3 10 17 24

November.. December.

. January. February.. March.

April.

1903.

May..

June.

.10

∞0 10 10 4 0 ~ 10

་

HONGKONG.-1903-04.

Human

-Rat Play

8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 3 1

July.

August. September. October. November.. December. January.. February..

•

1903.

•

GKONG.-1903-04.

Human Plague. -Rat Plague.

11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26

•

ovember.. December. January.. February..

March.

April. May.

1904.

621

It is a point of considerable interest to find the existence of marked rat plague without the presence of cases in man. The details furnished by the charts of each district are of importance in this respect. It is seen that in some districts the advent of human plague is delayed for some considerable time. The epide nic had by this time made its appearance in Hongkong, but some districts remained free. In these latter districts the curves are interesting The human plague curve is at zero, and what is of importance, the epizootic may be high but maintains this height with constancy. After a month or two a sudden rise-small or great-in the rat plague curve takes place. What happens now, is the regular appearance of human plague.

On following out these details in each district, one will see that the rat plague becomes epizootic, so to speak, at different times in different districts, and what is so conclusive, in regard to the relation of the one outbreak to the other, is the incidence of human plague at corresponding times in each district. Human plague appears regularly after the occurrence of the epizootic. The interval between the two outbreaks rarely exceed a fortnight. We have therefore in one large city like Hongkong, an epidemic of plague. The city divided into a number of Health Districts. The epidemic is not equally spread over the city. Certain Health Districts are severely affected; in others, the epidemic is non-existent.

Why is this so? Districts may aljoin each other One may be furnishing human plague; the other may be practically free.

A glance at those charts which have been prepare will help us to settle the question in our minds.

In all districts furnishing human plague, the epizootic is present in great excess, and the epidemic would appear to be proportionate to the epizootic.

In all districts furnishing rat plague-but not an ever-increasing epizootic- human plague is usually absent. One or two cases may occur, but no epidemic breaks out. In any plague rat infected district, an increase in the epizootic means the appearance of human plague. In regard to the 1903 epizootic and epidemic, these conclusions appear to be warranted. The epidemic was a large one, at least for Hongkong; every district was more or less epizootically and epidemic- ally infected.

Similar to the outbreak of 1902, Kowloon was grossly epizootically infected. The epidemic was also more prevalent in this part of the Colony than in any other Health District. With regard to the epizootic, not a single week passed without the occurrence of several cases of rat plague in Kowloon.

A minute examination of the course and relations of the curves would be superfluous They speak for themselves, and when considered by the examiner in the same way as I have treated those of the 1902 outbreak, become perfectly intelligible.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The History of Hongkong during 1903.

A very important point in connection with the determination of the relation of the epidemic to the epizootic, is that one is now enabled to follow closely the train of events from the commencement of the year. On the 1st January, 1903, rat plague was existent and constituted more or less of a definite epizootic. On the other hand there was no trace of an epidemic. If reference be made to the curves of the epizootic and epidemic during the last quarter of 1902, it will be seen that the former raged more or less incessantly, whereas the epidemic, apart from one or two sporadic cases of plague, was non-existent. The epizootic maintained an average level of from 20 to 30 cases per week. The epidemic was nil. Such a condition of affairs did not hold good for the commencement of the new year 1903. Almost immediately the epidemic appeared, and subsequently both this and the epizootic ran very characteristic charts.

Within a fortnight of the new year, human plague was present. The com- mencement of the 3rd week of January marked the advent of the 1903 epidemic of pest.

622

A careful survey of both curves, namely, that of the epizootic and the epidemic, will enable one to draw their own conclusions. The rises and falls of the epizootie curve are followed only too closely by similar elevations and depressions in the incidence of human plague.

Although rat plague is in excess numerically, yet the tracking of the epidemic in the steps of the epizootic is only too well marked.

Such a following of one curve after another, one observes rarely, and I must confess that it was with much surprise that, subsequent to the preparation of the rat plague curve, the epidemic curve was found to show such similarity. The apices of both curves are found to correspond with the result obtained during 1902. Both reach their highest points within a fortnight of each other, the epizootic first.

The course of events, after the outbreaks have reached their highest figures, is interesting. The epidemic falls in numbers so rapidly, that pactically within a month, the number of cases of human plague has fallen to an insignificant figure. But what is even more remarkable, is the sudden drop in the epizootic. It maintains its elevated position for about a fortnight after the depression of the epidemic, and then, for some reason, suddenly drops.

The time occupied by the epizootic in falling from its maximum to its lowest level is about 15 weeks. The epidemic took about 13 weeks, namely, about a fortnight shorter.

The subsequent history of the curves is not so interesting. Rat plague never disappears. Human plague is practically absent.

This interval between the incidence of human and rat plague appears to be more or less constant. In 1902 the interval between the occurrence of both out- breaks was from 10 days to a fortnight The course of events during 1903 leads us to the same conclusion in regard to the time limit.

Compared with the epizootic the epidemic begins a fortnight later, it reaches its maximum a fortnight later, the maximum is maintained for a similar length of time and its fall occupies practically 14 days. Subsequently it disappears, whereas the epizootic maintains a low but certain level.

One would expect the fall in rat plague to occur somewhat previous to that of the epidemic. The condition of affair is, however, practically a repetition of what took place during 1902. A study of these outbreaks in each individual district teaches us that such is frequently found. Summing up these two curves, the conclusion which one must necessarily draw, are, that human plague com- mences immediately after the increased incident of the epizootic, and that va- riations in the latter occasion variations in the former. Such is true until the apices of both curves are reached. Subsequent to this period, the epidemic falls rapidly, and has reached a low 1-vel previous to great alterations in the incilence for about a fortnight after the great depression of the epidemic, then by means of two jumps suddenly drops to practically the same level from which it started at the commencement of the year. A close study of such a chart is bound to lead one to think of some relation between the two outbreaks. It may be said that both run independently of each other, only the epidemic appears about a fort- night later.

It would be difficult to imagine such a regular system in the incidence of an infectious disease when compared with an epizootic. imagine the epidemic of plague commencing practically at the same season during each year, but that it should regularly appear within a definite incubation period after the advent of the epizootic is difficult to get away from, unless we admit of the existence of a definite relationship. Again it is found that the plague epidemic does not commence at a definite period during each year. In 1902, it was not present until the middle of April. In 1903 it began in the middle of January or at least by the 1st of February. In 1904 its commencement was even later than during 1902.

We can

Let one now compare the epizootic during these years. In 1902, the epizoo- tic began about the 1st of April. In 1903. rat plague Began a fortnight earlier than human plague, namely, during the middle of January.

In 1904, it will be found that a similar condition of affairs was present.

623

Thus we see that apart from the season of the year, epidemic plague appears to be preceded by epizootic plague, and that the interval of time between the out- breaks varies from ten days to a fortnight.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The History of Health District No. 1 in 1903.-A close examination of the curves shown upon the chart prepared from this district will show how closely the two curves follow each other. at plague was existent at the commencement of

Kat the year. It rose in February. During January and February there was no human plague. In March, however, this appeared.

The general history of the curves is so simply given in the chart that further

explanation is considered unnecessary. Note should be made of the disappearance of rat plague for practically the whole of the second half of the

year.

The History of Health District No. 2 in 1903.-In my opinion this is an excellent chart for purposes of demonstrating the relation between human and rat plague.

The gradual rise in the epizootic followed closely by a gradual increase of cases of human plague. The primary decline in the epizootic followed by a lower- ing of the epizootic. The disappearance of rat plague followed by a disappearance of human plague.

Noteworthy is the complete immunity of the district during the last two months of the year.

The History of the Course and Relations of Epizootic and Epidemic Plague during the Initial Stages

of the Outbreak of 1904.

The unexpected delay in the preparation of this report has enabled me to follow out the initial outbreaks of epizootic and epidemic plague for the year 1904.

No special charts have been prepared, but a good idea of the condition of affairs may be ascertained by consulting the chart dealing with the interval bridg- ing over the epidemics of 1903 and 1904.

During the first week in January it will be seen that rat plague was present to a considerable extent in the Colony. The epizootic rose step by step until the beginning of February, when a rather erratic jump upwards took place. This sudden increase in the amount of rat plague was followed by the appearance of human plague a week later.

The exacerbation in the epizootic lasts only a fortnight. The number of cases per week fell considerably but did not reach the level of the epizootic previous to the sudden increase. The curve occupied now a higher level on the chart and remained more or less constant for about two months. During this period, human plague put in an appearance from time to time.

The definite increase in the number of cases of rat plague commenced about the beginning of April, and this was followed by the appearance of human plague in epidemic form.

On following the curve of the epizootic, through the month of January and the first half of February, ominous signs are present. Cases of human plague appear and the condition of affairs resembles that found at the beginning of 1903. Fortunately a decided fall in rat plague took place, and the new but more elevated position of the epizootic maintained itself weekly without further exacerbations for about 8 to 10 weeks. Human plague practically disappeared, and did not assert itself again until the epizootic broke out afresh and in continued exacerbation. Looking generally at the epizootic curve, one can see a general tendency to increase. If we compare it with that of 1903, we find a great postponement in the increase of rat plague and the occurrence of the epidemic.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

624

The Course and Relation of Epizootic and Epidemic Plague during the Intervals 1902, 1903, 1904.

In almost all plague infected countries, the epidemic is found to be most prevalent during certain seasons of the year. In Hongkong, our epidemics range from March to July, the month of May or even that of June, supplying the largest percentage of cases. In other countries, plague appears during the colder seasons of the year, and vice versa.

The reasons for such a seasonal recurrence of plague are by no means obvious. A consultation of plague literature helps one but little.

The layman's notion that climate has to do with the recurrence of plague or infectious disease in general must be pigeon-holed along with many other superstitions belonging to the pre-epidemiological days.

All that can be said of climate, is that it may exercise an indirect influence on the course of infection.

Under the present heading, it is not intended to discuss the factors which. possibly assist in bridging over epidemics of plague. These will require con- sideration under a special heading. All that is intended to show at present is the persistence of rat plague from one year to another.

During the interval between the end of one epidemic and first cases of the succeeding epidemic, human plague is to all intents and purposes non-existent. A few cases occur, but these are of no practical importance apart from the fact that they help us to remember that with the decline of the last epidemic, our Sanatarians have in all probability not yet succeeded in stamping out the disease.

Further, the reasons for the outbreak of erratic cases of human plague, are by no means obivous.

Little or nothing is known in regard to the history of epizootic plague in rats through a number of years.

Many authorities believe that rat plague dies out on the decline of human plague.

The preparation of charts showing the relations existing between epizootic and epidemic plague during the periods July, 1902, to June, 1903, inclusive, and July, 1903, to May, 1904, inclusive, is found to show us clearly the condition of affairs which one obtains in an endemic plague centre like Hongkong.

In both charts the epidemic vanishes. Isolated cases occur periodically but are of no practical importance.

With a fall in epidemic plague, a decline in the epizootic is also observed. The latter falls to nearly the same figure as human plague.

Almost immediately afterwards, however, within a week or a fortnight the rat plague exacerbates and again reaches a high level. This level means a goodly number of cases of rat plague per week, but nothing in comparison to the numbers found during the proper plague season.

The epizootic curve shows a considerable oxillation but is more regular in its course than during epidemic periods. Little change takes place in regard to the curve, until suddenly during the early part of the following year, the curve shoots upwards. Immediately this occurs, plague breaks out severely in man and be- comes epidemic.

From these curves one would rightly conclude that rat plague is epizootic continuously.

Human plague is epidemic only during the acute exacerbations of the epizootic. Another point of importance in regard to these two charts is the following

A comparison of the epizootic of 1902-03 with that of 1903-04, shows

us that the former was much more severe.

A general survey of the curve even shows its tendency to rise gradually after its sudden fall in September of 1902.

The amount of rat plague at the end of 1902 was in excess.

625

We must remember also that the epidemic of 1903 was a severe one; that of 1904 looks like a very mild one.

These charts would appear to show that a malignant epizootic towards the end of an epidemic, means an early recurrence of human plague and a severe epidemic. On the other hand a mild epizootic would appear to indicate a late recurrence of human plague and a mild epidemic.

Again these charts show that after a mild epidemic, the epizootic persists in amount or even gradually increases. Vide 1902.

After a severe epidemic, however, the epizootic persists but is present in very much less numbers and does not show the same tendency to sudden frequent and even increasing exacerbations. The reasons for such are not clear. They will be discussed under a separate heading. The condition of affairs may be stated as follows:-

1902.-Epidemic mild.

1902-1903.-Epizootic severe.

1903. Epidemic severe. The epizootic is continuous. 1903-1904.-Epizootic mild. 1904. Epidemic mild.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The writings of past ages were not spared the disease. the malady.

Plague in Cats.

tell us that during plague epidemics, domestic pets Cats, dogs and birds were known to fall a prey to

It is only within recent years, however, that the occurrence of plague in animals such as cats, which are intimately associated with man, has attracted attention. In fact until the question of rat plague was raised, the presence of plague in animals was practically lost sight of, and regarded of no practical significance in regard to the spread of the disease. With the knowledge of the presence of widespread rat plague and the fact that cats frequently devour these animals, the possible role played by cats in the dissemination of plague amongst human beings would appear to be of considerable importance. Few accounts of natural plague infection in cats are to hand. The various Plague Commissions make mere mention of cat plague, regard these animals as only slightly susceptible to the disease, and in consequence conclude that so far as the spread of plague is concerned, these animals are of no great importance.

Such an answer to the question of plague in cats is only partly true. Cats, when compared with many other animals, do appear relatively insusceptible but their importance in plague dissemination is decidedly under-rated when the subject is viewed in the light of recent experience.

In Sydney, ASHBURTON THOMPSON reports the presence of plague infection in cats, and discusses the dangers attached to such a focus of infection.

In Hongkong, we have good reason to suspect considerable plague infection amongst certain cats. The experience gained during the Plague Epidemic of 1902, and casually mentioned by me in my Annual Report for the same year, teaches us that under natural conditions, cats may become severely plague infected, and should opportunity present itself, there is no reason to doubt the spread of the infection to man by means of these animals.

We are quite prepared to admit that the disease is rare in cats, yet the possibility of the occurrence of the disease must not be forgotten.

Domestic pets may occasion broadcast dissemination of plague bacilli in the immediate surroundings of man. Experimentally produced plague in cats would appear to give inconstant results. The disease can be induced, but much depends upon the method of incorporation of the virus.

626

The German Plague Commission reported upon the effects of cutaneous and subcutaneous inoculation of these animals. Beyond a slight febrile reaction no- thing definite was obtained. All the cats experimented upon recovered. They concluded that cats were relatively insusceptible to plague.

The results of ALBRECHT and GHON were more encouraging. They fed cats on plague infected material. Several of the animals died as the result of plague infection. The type of the disease reproduced was septicemic. A bubo was frequently found present in the sub-maxillary region.

KOLLE also had positive results. He fed cats with cultures of plague.

WILM noted in his Report that two cats eat pieces of a plague bubo. They becaine ill for several days. Great emaciation of the animals was noted. The animals recovered..

From the researches on plague infection in cats, it is evident that infection per os gives the most constant results. By this method, cats would appear to contract the disease. The question of a lethal termination probably depends upon the virulence of the infecting material used for purposes of inducing the infection. During the past two years, I have had the opportunity of examining from time to time a number of cats, dead or alive, for the presence of plague infections.

In my Report for 1902, a note was made in regard to a spontaneous infection of the cats belonging to one of the Godown Companies in Kowloon.

The history of the epizootic is the following:-During the systematic collection of rats, dead and alive, in Kowloon, for bacteriological examination many of those caught in the godowns were found plague infected. A week or two after rat plague had been found, the servants of the Godown Company reported the death of several of their cats which were kept on the rat infected premises. Suspicious as to the course of death of these cats being plague, orders were given to have them examined at the Public Mortuary.

The diagnosis of plague was established immediately ou bacteriological examination.

The cat mortality continued and even increased. All cats, sicks or dead, were forwarded to me. The sick cats were kept under observation in isolation.

One or two experiments were made in regard to the modes of infection in cats, and the symptoms of the disease noted as carefully as possible.

My investigations showed that plague may be either acute or chronic in cats.

Cutaneous and subcutaneous inoculation do not give constant results. Feeding cats with plague infected material gives certain results.

The cats from the Godown Company obviously contracted the plague infection The plague infection of the rats in the godowns was severe, and the cats had most probably fed sumptuously on infected rat flesh.

per os.

The Symptoms of Acute Cat Plague.-Symptoms of plague are usually present within twenty-four hours. Food is refused. Diarrhoea and vomiting are amongst the earliest symptoms. Their hair becomes ruffled. Weight is rapidly lost, and emaciation is a marked feature. The abdomen is distended and tender to touch. Great weakness or even paralysis of the extremities is present. Death takes place in from 2 to 6 days.

An interesting observation is that healthy rats fed on paddy soaked in the fæces or urine of plague infected cats, die of acute rat plague.

The Post-mortem Appearance of Cat Plague.-All the tissues and organs are in a condition of extreme congestion. Hæmorrhages of varying size are scattered irregularly throughout the tissues of the animal. The lymphatic glands are congested with the presence of cortical hæmorrhages. Bubonic swellings are frequently found, especially about the neck and the mesentery.

}

627

The most interesting condition is found in the abdomen. The peritoneum is smooth and shiny. Very little fluid is found in the peritoneal cavity. The stomach is congested particulary on its mucous surface. The latter also shows the presence of innumerable haemorrhages of varying size. No actual ante-mortem ulceration was found. The small intestine was in general reddened. Little of engrossing interest was found until the ileum was reached. This part of the gut was the seat of many small petechia scattered throughout its entire length. These were well seen shining through the wall of the gaseous distended gut. The mucous surface of the ileum was reddened and thickened. The latter was chiefly due to oedema. The solitary follicles were visible, being pin head in size and greyish yellow in colour. Small areas of necrosis were present, these appeared chiefly about the regions of hæmorrhagic extravasation. In one or two cases a distinct bubonic formation was found in the mesentery.

Plague bacilli were found scattered throughout the body. They were specially abundant in the lymphatic apparatus and in all bubonic areas. The fœces and the urine also contained plague bacilli. These results are similar to those obtained by KOLLE and are of great interest when compared with the type of the disease found

în man.

The type

of disease was in all instances septicæmic but special tendency was shown on the part of the plague bacilli to collect in the lymphatic apparatus.

Chronic Cat Plague. This is evidenced mainly by great emaciation. Buboes are found in various situations of the body especially about the neck. These are extremely chronic in growth, accompanied by extreme surrounding infiltration and slowly break down with the production of thick creamy pus. The animals may live for two weeks to a month. The condition of those cats suffering from chronic plague is well described by the term "Pest Marasmus.”

The conclusions which appear to be justified from the various observations. and experiments on plague infected cats are these:—

1. Cats suffer from plague.

2. The disease may be acute or chronic.

3. The type of the disease is septicæmic.

4. Plague cats scatter plague bacilli broadcast in their faces and urine. 5. These animals must be reckoned with as occasionally playing a part

in the dissemination of plague.

6. In plague infected districts, possible plague infection in cats is of

great importance from a domestic point of view,

7. In plague infected areas, cats probably become infected through

plague rats and mice which they devour as food.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

Plague in Mice.

When one considers how intimately associated rats and mice are in nature it is rather surprising to find so little data in regard to the possible dissemination

f plague through the occurrence of Mouse Plague.

Experimentally one finds the mouse susceptible to plague. In fact its degree of susceptibility to the disease does not fall far short of that of the rat. Much of the positive evidence of experimental infection of the mouse, points to the facility with which the animal can be infected per os. Records of widespread mouse plague, in endemic plague areas are few. Indian records barely mention naturally occuring mouse infection.

In Formosa, in 1896, it is said that widespread mouse plague existed; and that these animals probably played a greater part than the rat in the dissemination of plague, which was severely epidemic during this year.

628

In the same year, WILM uoted au increased mortality amongst mice in Hong- kong. In Sydney, ASHBURTON THOMPSON noted the presence of mouse plague.

In Alexandria, GOTSCHLICH found epidemic plague existent in areas more or less severely affected with the mouse epizootic.

My own experience leads me to believe, that during plague epidemics in Hongkong, mouse plague is prevalent. Hundreds of mice have been examined bacteriologically and many found plague infected. My own researches up to the present time, however, do not warrant any definite conclusion in regard to the significance of the epizootic. My examinations have been only occasional. In the absence of a systematic investigation, one cannot definitely express an opi- nion as to the part played by these vermin in the furtherance of the disease. It would appear highly probable, however, that in many instances, mice play as important a part as rats, and that in dealing with epizootic plague, our sanitary efforts must be directed to mice as well as rats.

WILLIAM HUNTER.

The Susceptibility of Aminals in general

to Plague Infection.

It would be out of the scope of a research like the present, to enter more or less fully into the question of the susceptibility of animals in general to plague.

In regard to many animals I have nothing to add to what is already generally known. The experiments carried out by Professor SIMPSON and myself, would appear to shed much light on this hitherto much discussed question. A report has already appeared in regard to these experiments.

The Guinea Pig.-This animal shows practically the same degree of suscep-- tibility to plague as the rat. It contracts the disease by all the wall recognised methods of natural and artificial induction. Acute and chronic plague are com- Frequently a condition of Pest Marasmus is found in chronically infected

mon. animals.

It is the most suitable animal for experimental inoculation, and the isolation of the B. pestis from complicated micro-organismal nixtures. By cultural.. methods, the isolation of plague bacilli from the faces, decomposing corpses of fluids, is practically an impossibility. In cultures the B. pestis is rapidly over- grown by ordinary non-pathogenic saprophytes.

It is known that saprophytic bacteria and ordinary intestinal micro-organisms, produce practically no pathological changes when rubbed into the shaved skin of a rat or a Guinea pig.

I have obtained excellent results with healthy rats. These results are in perfect accord with the observations of FRITSCHE (Arb. Kais. Ges-Aint. Bd. 18,. 1902), and MARTINI (Zeit. f. Hyg. Bd. 41, 1902).

The bacteria which may be present in such mixtures of micro-organisms- scarcely ever produce after careful cutaneous inoculation the characteristic patholo- gical changes of plague infection, namely, the extensive hæmorrhagic infiltration of the connective tissue, the bubonic swellings and the focal necroses in the spleen

An interesting pathological appearance is occasionally found, when plague- bacilli of extremely low virulence are injected into the peritoneal cavities of Guinea pigs. Chronic plague is produced, and tumour like growths develop on the sur- face of the peritoneum, the liver, spleen and other organs. These are of the nature of granuloinata, and resemble tubercular or actinomycotic lesions.

I have found a condition similar in the rat when suffering from chronic plague. Small nodules of soft granulomatous tissue were found in the peritoneal cavity, in the liver, and the spleen. Plague bacilli were present, but difficult of direct micros- copic demonstration.

629

Plague in Rabbits.-These animals are much more resistant than either the rat or the Guniea pig. The type of disease produced is septicemia. This would not appear to depend upon the mode of incorporation of the virus.

Plague in Pigs,

Calves,

Sheep,..

Monkeys,

Hens,

Pigeons,

Turkeys,.

Geese,.. Ducks,

SIMPSON and HUNTER'S experiments.

Vide SIMPSON's Report on Plague in Hongkong.

So far as Monkeys are concerned, the Semnopithecus entellus would appear to be much more susceptible to plague infection to the Macacus rœsus. (Russian Plague Commission.)

Squirrels are also susceptible to plague. (German Plague Commission.)

Dogs are relatively insusceptible to plague. ÅLBRECHT and GHON found that these animals discharged numerous plague bacilli in their faces, after eating grossly infected plague material.

Goats may also contract plague. Snakes, Lizards and Frogs may suffer from plague but only under certain conditions.

Their body temperature woull appear to affect, unfavourably, the growth of the B. pestis. NUTTALL (Cent. f. Bakt. B 1. 22, 1897) found that vipers and lizards were insusceptible to plague at a temperature of 16° to 18° C. On raising the temperature to 26° or 28° C. these animals readily contrated the disease

General Conclusions in regard to the Occurrence of Epizootic Plague.--

1. Plague infected human beings may infect animals, and vice versa. 2. Plague infected animals may infect other healthy animals.

3. Domestic animals suffering from plague may infect man.

4. Epizootic plague occurs in acute and chronic forms.

5. Latent plague may also occur.

6. Rats and Guinea pigs would appear to be most susceptible to plague. 7. The mouse comes next in order of susceptibility.

8. Monkeys, especially the grey monkey, are extremely susceptible to

plague.

9. Cats may contract the disease naturally.

10. Birds may also suffer from the disease in nature.

11. Practically every vertebrate animal found in the immediate neigh-

bourhood of man, may be rendered plague infected.

12. The induction of the disease by feeding gives the most constant

results.

13. The type of disease reproduced in animals is a true septicemia.

14. Animals suffering from plague scatter plague bacilli broadcast in

their secretions and excretions.

Spontaneons Epizootic Plague.-Direct obervation of this has been noted for the following animals :-

1. The Rat

2. The Mouse.

3. The Cat.

4. The Guinea Pig.

5. The Monkey. 6. The Hen.

7. The Pigeon.

8. The Turkey.

9. The Goose.

10. The Duck.

11. The Marmot (Arctomys bobac).

WILLIAM HUNTER,

1902.

DISTRICTS.

R. Rat Plague. H.-Human Plague.

REMARKS.

Kowloon. No. 1.

DATE.

R. H. R. H.

No. 2. No. 3. No. 4.

R. H. R. H. R. H.

No. 5.

R. H.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

TOTAL.

R. H. R. H.

R. H.

RAT.

HUMAN.

April,

1 6

1 2 1 2 1 1

29 26

2 3 2 2

2 7

...

May,

31 1

1 1 10

2 2

6 4 4

18 1

111

13 38.

లు

2 15

574

3 9 1 10 1

13 2 16

2 12

2 8 1

144

20 45

4 1 10

2 1

13 3

1 18 1 17 3 11

تن

141

35 4 2

5 1 1 3

3 3 2

13 1 13 3 14

со

7 10

124

June,

29 13

1 2

3 3 1

310

3 9

...

10 27 9 1 3

3 2

2 | 17

^^^

2 2 1

5 1

32 3 1 1 2

1 8

تن

6 1

11 3

8 12

25 7

حت

3 7

July,

1 18 2 2

2 8

2 2

...

5 9 1

2 8 2

6 10

888

8 3 5 12

2 1

ลง

6 1

1 2

تت

2 16 2

10 6

7 2 8

5 4 2 3

6 3

2❘ 10

8 1 8 1

29 16

3 1

3 4

2 4

5 4

2 11 6

1 1

August,

4 2

2 1

1 2 2

·10

1 3

630

1902.

DISTRICTS,-Continued.

631

Kowloon. No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

TOTAL.

DATE.

REMARKS.

R. H.

R. H. R. H.

RAT.

HUMAN.

August,

1 3

1 2

7 3

1 2

2 2 1

5 1 10 1

♡

September,

च

1 2

...

October,

...

28 15

November,

...

-J

2 1 1

...

1 1

...

December,

9 17

...

5 1

632

1903.

DISTRICTS,—Continued.

Kowloon. No. 1.1

No. 2.

No. 3.

DATE.

R. H. R. H.

No. 4. No. 5. R. H. R. H. R. H. R. H. R. H.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

R. H.

R. H. R. H. R. H.

RAT.

TOTAL.

HUMAN.

REMARKS.

January,

༩༠

•

5 1 3

....

...

།

February,

7 1 1

5 1

ลง

2.7

లు

20 2

2 1

1. 1

5 1 6 4 12 1

ગ

...

18 12

1 1

1 13 1

లు

3 1

March,

14 2

2 10

2. 12

110

1 9

1 11

1 2. 2 8 1 14 1

110

18 21.

13 1 25

6 1

.15

4 10

-I

7 2 10.

124

...

25 23 2 3

. 1

17 1

12 4

153

April,

1 24

6 10

3 12

دن

3 22

3 29

6 10

184

9 3 10 16

1 1 15 10 18

1 15

24 2 21

154

9 8

1 14 5 15

حت

3 16

1 11

2 5

135

11 10

22 20

9 15 10

5 14

1 14

6 7

173

29 57 7

12 8

5 20

12 12 15 9.

7 13 2 12

9 11

156

1989

May,

6 40

8 20

8 26 12

8 12

9 10

196

383

32 12

5 19

100

دن

9 24

LOO

17 5

243

1903.

DISTRICTS,—Continued.

633

Kowloon. No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8,

No. 9.

No. 10.

TOTAL.

DATE.

REMARKS.

R. H.

R. H. R. H.

R. H.

R. H. R. H.

R. H.

RAT.

HUMAN.

• May,

37 20

6 16

15 14

8 51

22 12

7 20

14 2

221

106

58 41

9 20

4 2

19 11

8 40

33 8

4 22

218

132

June,

28 23

100

7 4 10

Ι 14. 19

7 35

31 7 25

184

107

10 24 12

4 6 13 1 2 13 10 15 9 24

4 16 8

36 10

20 16

3 11

166

17 20

5 2

تن

14 2

2 20 3 22 3 38

4 30

173

24 11 4

13 2 21 1 21

2 23

2 29 3

168

July,

19 7 3

9 7 1

ما

13 1

107

6 2 1

5 1 7 4

2 2

...

-H

August,

1 2 1

7 1

...

1 1

...

2 1

...

September,

كم

1 1

备

...

1 1

...

1903.

DISTRICTS,-Continued.

REMARKS.

Kowloon. No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

DATE.

R. H.

R. H. R. H.

No. 5.

R. H.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

TOTAL.

R. H. R. H.

R. H.

RAT.

HUMAN.

October,

:..

...

૩

November,

...

December,

...

1904.

January,

ล

...

February,

...

· 1

...

ترم

...

634

•1904.

DISTRICTS,-Continued.

HUMAN.

REMARKS,

Kowloon. No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

DATE.

R. H.

No. 6.

R. H. R. H. R. H.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

TOTAL.

R. H. R. H.

R. H.

RAT.

February,

March,

3 1

...

youan

...

2 2

...

April,

1 1.

...

со

1 2

3 3

...

May,

1 2

ล

1 1

2 1

1 2

ལ

ล

...

635

----

No.

1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE ACTING MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH ON THE EPIDEMIC OF PLAGUE DURING THE FIRST SEVEN

MONTHS OF THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

SANITARY BOARD OFFICES, HONGKONG, November 7th, 1903.

SIR, I have the honour to submit, for the information of the President and Members of the Sanitary Board, the following Report on the epidemic of Plague which this Colony has just passed through.

The period dealt with extends over seven months, namely, January to July inclusive, and in connection with the meteorological data the period also includes the mouth of December, 1902.

Cases.-The total number of known cases is 1,363, of which 1245 were Chinese, 43 Indians, 34 Europeans, 22 Portuguese, 14 Japanese, and 5 of other nationality.

The following Tables shew these cases distributed as regards nationality and sex and the different types of the disease as returned from the Public Mortuary :-

No. of

Cuses.

Nationality.

824 Chinese,

421

Sex.

Per cent.

...Male, 66.2 .........Female, 33.8

29 European,

37 Indian,

.Male, 85.3 ...... Female, 147

..Male, 86.1 Female, 13.9.

17 Portuguese, ....Male, 77.3

....Female, 22.7 ...Male, 71.5 .....Female, 28.5

Total.

1,245 Chinese.

34 Europeans.

43 Indians.

22 Portuguese.

10 Japanese,

14 Japanese.

5 Others,

..Male, 1000

5 Others.

Nil.

.Female, 90

1,363

TYPES OF PLAGUE RETURNED FROM THE PUBLIC MORTUARY,

JANUARY TO JULY, 1903.

Bubonic. Septic. Pneumonic.

Total.

Males, Females,

.370

224

624

.233

111

359

Totals,......603

335

983

It will be seen from this Table that the percentage of cases amongst Chinese females is as heretofore very high, being 33.8 per cent. of the total Chinese cases. The cases amongst the Japanese females come next with a percentage of 28.5, then follow Portuguese females 22:7, Europeans 147, and Indians 13.9.

Amongst the non-Chinese community therefore there have been 118 cases, of which 20 were female cases. This gives a percentage of 16.9 on the total non- Chinese cases.

•

122

It has been computed that the percentage of female non-Chinese population of the Colony is about 30 per cent. of the total non-Chinese population. The figure 16.9 therefore shews that amongst this portion of the community the females have suffered less in proportion to the males.

Amongst the Chinese however the reverse is the case unless the proportion of females to males amongst the Chinese has very much increased since the 1901 census when the figure given was 271 per cent. In the epidemic of 1901 the Chinese female cases shewed a percentage of 36-4 and in this year, although this has been slightly reduced to 33.8, yet the rate is still very high.

Cases amongst children shew a very high figure for females, there having been 162 females and 155 males attacked of ages under 15 years.

The preponderance of female cases over male cases at the age period of 60 years and over may be accounted for by the fact that the male population being essentially a labouring one has not so many in this age period in proportion to its numbers as has the female population.

Death-rates.--The total number of known deaths has been 1,206 which gives a mortality rate for the epidemic of 88.4 per cent. If this be analysed with regard to sex it is seen that cut of 922 male cases there were 792 deaths giving a male mortality of 85.9 per cent., and out of 441 female cases there were 414 deaths giving a female mortality of 93.8 per cent. The death-rate for this year is there- fore the smallest since the outbreak of Plague in 1894.

The following are the death-rates for each epidemic since 1894 :-

1894 1896 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903

Reath-rate, ...92.7% 89.5% 89.0% 96·1% 95.5% 95.2° 97.5% 88.4%

The Hospital death-rate as given by Dr. THOMSON in his Report of July 6th of this year is 60.6 per cent. which is also the lowest on record since the outbreak of Plague in the Colony. The following Table shews the death-rate of the epi- demic as regards nationality and sex, and it will be noticed here again that the highest figure is that for Chinese females, namely, 95.72 per cent.

The death-rates for the different nationalities are shewn in the following Table for each sex but not divided into different age periods.

DEATH-RATES PER NATIONALITY AND SEX.

1,245 cases and 1,161 deaths

93.25 per cent.

Chinese,

824 males with 758

91.98

421 females

403

95.72

Europeans,

34 cases and 29 males with

11.76

13.76

5 females

0.00

43 cases and

48.83

Indians,

37 males with

6 females

43.24

83.33

22 cases and

40.90

Portuguese,.

17 males with

5 females

Japanese,

14 cases and 10 males with

4 females 5 cases and

Other Nations,

5 males with U females

ONNNN IN OC

29-41

80.00

64.28

}}

70.00

50.00

40.00

0.00

Death-rate on total cases = 88.4.

123

Age and Sex Distribution of Plague.-The following Table shews the number of cases which have occurred grouped into different age periods both for males and females, with the number of deaths, recoveries and rate of mortality for each group.

AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTION OF PLAgue.

AGE PERIOD.

TOTAL CASES.

SEX. CASES. % DEATHS.

ItE- DEATH-

COVERIES. RATES.

Under 1 year,...................

2.13 m.

12 41.4

58.6

Nil

100

Nil

100 %

year

to 5 years,

6.74

IIV.

55.5

Nil

100

44.5

92.6

years

to 15 years....

196

14.3

17.

47.0

94.5%

104

53.0

104

Nil

100

years to 25 years,

313

22.9

mn. 221

70.7

170

76.9

29.3

88.00

25 years to 45 years,

530

38.8

411

77.6

346

84.2 °

119

22.4

110

92.4

45 years to 60 years,

125

9.1

77.6

91.7

28 22.1

Nil

100

Over 60 years,

4.1

17. 30 53.6

Nil

100

46.4

92.3

Age unknown,.

1.6

∞ -H

8 30.4

63.6

87.5% 85.7

Total....

1,363

In.

922: 67·6 792 441 32.4 414

130 85.9

93.8

1,206

157

As I mentioned above it will be noticed that amongst children, females have been attacked more than males, the proportion being 51.1 per cent. females to 48.8 per cent. males. This difference is most noticeable in the age period 0 to 1 year in which the female cases are 58.6 per cent. of the whole. In the next age period the proportion of females is 44.5 per cent. but it makes a jump up in the next age period 5-15 years, the figure for this period being 53.0 per cent.

Between the ages of 15 and 60 years, the proportion of females has kept fairly constant, but above

years the figure suddenly rises again.

In the age period 15 to 25 years, it will be noticed that the percentage of female cases is 29.3. As it has been computed that the Chinese female population numbers 27.1 per cent. and the non-Chinese a percentage of 30 out of the whole population, this figure 29.3 is just what might have been expected.

At the age periods 25 to 45 and 45 to 60 years the percentage of female cases is somewhat diminished, being 22.4. As these age periods are those in which one would find the majority of labourers, it is not surprising that the pro- portion of females to males should have diminished.

The lowest figure is that for European females, in which class there were 5 cases but no deaths. The rate for European males and females is still the lowest in the Table (11.76). Of the Europeans who died, one was an imported case (from Canton), one was a broken-down European living in the Native quarter, another was a heavy drinker and said to have been suffering from alcoholism for several days prior to his death, and the other was the case of an Engineer who fell into a dock and killed himself, but who on examination was found to have been suffering from the septic form of Plague. The Chinese cominunity shew not only the highest percentage mortality (93.25 %) but also the highest figure for each sex, the male mortality being 91.9 per cent. and the female 95.7 per cent. The nation- ality shewing the next highest death-rate is the Japanese with a percentage morta- lity of 64.2. Then come Indians with 48.8 per cent.; Portuguese with 40.9 per cent. and other nationalities with 40 per cent.

す

124

The high proportion of cases in Chinese female infants is probably to be accounted for by the fact that a female infant is not so valuable as a male and hence so much trouble is not taken to prevent the illness being brought to the notice of the authorities. By far the majority of the infants left at the convents are females and consequently cases of Plague amongst such do not escape notifica- tion.

inform-

It is interesting to note that the next worst age period for females is from 5-15 years the age in which are mostly found the servant girls in Chinese families. The information acquired from the occupiers of a Plague house-when

any tion at all can be obtained-is generally to the effect that such young girls are of no occupation. It is however highly probable that as a class these servant girls are more often attacked than others. Such girls would generally be not so well fed or cared for as the other members of the family and would have in many cases to sleep on the floor or in an out-of-the-way corner of the room. In such a way they might become exposed to infection through rats and other vermin.

It has been formerly put forward as an explanation of the high case rate in Chinese women that they are more in the houses than the men and hence more exposed to infection.

With

The figures of the Tables I have given do not seem to bear this out. the exception of the age period 5-15 there is no special high rate for females, al- though women above the age of 15 naturally keep more indoors than do female children. In fact from 25-60 years the women have a lower rate than the men in proportion to their numbers in the Colony.

Dumping Bodies.

There have been this year 433 bodies found in the streets or on the hillsides. Some of these may have been the bodies of persons who have died in the streets, etc., either while trying to go about their usual business or who have been turned out of doors by their companions while sick and dying. A great many of such bodies are undoubtedly removed from houses at night and dumped in the streets to avoid the disinfection and disturbance which follows the discovery of a Plague. case in a house.

The percentage of bodies thus found in the streets this year is 31 7 per cent.

A great many houses, therefore, which ought to be disinfected escape this precaution, and of course the undoubtedly infected clothing and the personal effects of the dead person made use of straight away by other people may be a ready means of spreading the disease. The percentages of bodies thus found in the streets and hillsides, etc., for the past six years are as follows:----

Year

1898,...Percentage of bodies found,...23-1

་

1899, 1900,

1901,

1902, 1903,

...24.2

...29.5

...19.7

...34.6

...31.7

Plague amongst Rats.

During the whole of the epidemic a systematic collection of rats has been inade throughout the City and British Kowloon. These rats have been bacter- iologically examined at the Public Mortuary. The result of this enquiry reduced to the form of a curve is given in the following diagram.

The upper curve indicates the weekly rise and fall in the percentage of infected rats while the lower curve gives the weekly number of Plague cases.

It will be noticed that both curves rise to their highest points about the same time.

Looked at closely it will be noticed that the first notable rise in the rat infection at the 6th and 7th weeks is accompanied by a sudden rise of human Plague in the 6th week followed by a sudden fall again in the 7th week. The next rise of note in the rat Plague in the 9th and 10th weeks is accompanied by a continuous rise in human Plague from the 9th to the 11th weeks, and again the rise in rat Plague in the 12th and 13th weeks is accompanied in the 12th and 13th weeks by a high rise in the human Plague curve and followed by a great rise in the 14th week.

CURVES SHEWING WEEKLY PERCENTAGE OF PLAGUE INFECTED RATES AND WEEKLY

NUMBER OF CASES OF HUMAN PLAGUE FROM. JANUARY TO JULY, 1903.

WEEK

1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

PERCENTAGES

PLAGUE CASES PER WEEK

160

156

152

148

144

140

136

132

128

124

120

116

112

108

104*

100

60%

12.

WEEK

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 11 12 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21/22/23/24/25| 26°27/28/29/30

125

The fall in rat Plague of the 14th and 15th weeks corresponds to a heavy drop in human Plague during the 15th week. The sudden rise again in tlie 16th week of rat Plague accompanies a corresponding rise in the human curve but the sudden fall again in the rat curve for the 17th week is not answered by a fall in the human curve.

It is interesting to note that whereas the rat plague curve continues to ascend reaching its maximun at the 24th week, yet the human curve reaches its maximum in the 21st week, and after that, with the exception of a slight rise in the 23rd week, very rapidly falls so that by the 26th week the human curve is lower than it was in the 13th week although the rat curve is nearly 50 per cent. higher than it was at the 13th week.

From the behaviour of the curves at the rise of the epidemic one would have expected to see the human curve keep up with the continued high level of the rat curve during the 23rd to 26th weeks inclusive, but the fact that this is not the case must not be ignored. The epidemic of Plague amongst rats evidently follows very much the same curve as does the human epidemic but it seems to begin earlier and to endure longer as though there were some factor or factors in the shaping of the epidemic which affected the rats earlier, and of which the influence passed off later from these animals than in the case of human beings.

It is highly probable that a great number of the rats collected by the rat- catchers have been imported into the City, but as the price (5 cents) per head has been the same throughout the year there has been no special reason for a larger number of rats being collected in any one week more than another. Although the figures for the percentages of rats infected with Plague may not represent the numbers of such rats properly belonging to the City yet it is probable that the general trend of the rat curve is correct.

The following Table will shew that, while the number of rats collected weekly in the Colony remained fairly constant, yet the percentage of infected rats gradually increased up to the middle of June.

Table of Weekly Rat and Human Plague.

Week ending

NO. OF RATS

COLLECTED.

RATS

INFECTED.

NO. OF CASES OF

HUMAN PLAGUE.

January

2,407

0.6

2,715

0.7

3,407

0.55

3,913

0.9

February 2

2,763

1.05

3,150

1.8

3,646

1.8

4,113

1.6

March

4,317

2.06

3,900

112

2.8

4,046

104

2.5

3,271

155

4.7

3,568

183

5.1

April

3,153

141

4.4

3,875

146

3.7

3,392

190

5.6

3,620

144

3.9

May

3,193

177

5.5

102

3,691

227

6.1

3,671

211

5.7

117

3,426

206

6.0

157

June

2,974

211

7.0

120

2,552

225

8.8

133

2,382

218

9.1

2,245

171

7.6

2,015

162

8.0

July

1,781

3.2

1,674

1.9

1,868

1.9

1,990

2.1

126

It is not possible to make any definite statement regarding the influence of rat Plague on human Plague owing to the probability that many rats were imported into the Colony and that by far the majority of the rats collected were reported as found in the streets.

It is of course obvious to everyone why rats are more frequently found in the streets than in the houses. The tenant of a shop, for example, has no mind to allow the authorities to discover rats in his shop if he can avoid it. This and the undoubted importation of rats renders it impossible to say for certain whether the rise of rat Plague in a district or the discovery of Plague rats in a house is as a rule followed by human Plague as a direct consequence. The total number of Plague infected rats for the ten Health Districts of the City of Victoria from January to June this year is 2,579. Of these, 43 only have been returned as found in infected houses, giving a percentage of 166 only. Of these 43, only 27 were brought in by the rat coolies employed, the remaining 16 being sent in privately by tenants of houses (8) or found by the Plague Inspectors while disin- fecting Plague infected houses (8). But besides these eight last-mentioned rats others have sometimes been found during the disinfection of premises but too dried up or decomposed to send for bacteriological examination.

The following Table shews the houses in which rat Plague and human Plague have both been known to occur, with the dates of each, in the City of Victoria.

In the cases marked (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) in the Table the rat Plague and hunan Plague were synchronous, the rats being found during the cleansing oper- ations following the report of human Plague in each house. With regard to (B) however it was found that the Japanese case was brought to the house from Ship Street, Wantsai District, two days before the case was found to be one of Plague.

These figures are interesting but it is disappointing that they are so small. Were the people willing to allow all rats caught in their houses to be returned as such there is no doubt that much more light would be thrown on the relationship of the rat to human Plague.

HEALTH DISTRICT I.

ADDRESS.

RAT PLAGUE DATE.

HUMAN PLAGUE DATE.

130, Wanchai Road,

May 9th

Nil.

HEALTH DISTRICT II.

24, Sau Wa Fong, 10, Wing Fung Street,

Do..

5 Kat On Street.

13, MacDonnell Road,

34, Nullah Lane,

57, Praya East,

23, Tai Wo Street, (A)

January 31st

Feb. 14th

March 21st

March 28th May 16th

23rd

Nil.

None this

year,

but

one case in 1902.

Nil.

One case on May 17th--a servant girl aged 11 years, resident here 6 months.

Officers' Quarters, Magazine

Gap Sanatorium,

2, Magdalen Terrace,

Sanatorium, Magazine Gap, Homestead, Peak,

Do.,

HEALTH DISTRICT III.

March 7th

Nil.

April 4th

Nil.

May 9th

Nil.

ADDRESS.

11, Chiu Loong Street,

19, Staunton Street,

Do.,

Central Police Station

127

HEALTH DISTRICT IV.

RAT PLAGUE DATE.

Feb. 14th 21st

March, 28th

27, Hollywood Road, (B) .....

May 13th

20th

34, Queen's Road Central,

Victoria Gaol,

HUMAN PLAGUE DATE.

Nil.

March 30th and 31st; April 3rd; Mad 2nd, 14th, 20th, 29th; June, 1st, 16th and 21st.

One case May 11th-Japanese male; case introduced into the house from Wanchai. Nil.

9th April 25th; May 17th, 27th, 29th, 31st; June 1st, 3rd, 4th, 9th; July 9th.

HEALTH DISTRICT V.

80, Hollywood Road,

May 23rd

22A, Aberdeen Street,

March 20th

No case in this house but the neighbour- hood much infected, e.g., Nos. 68a, 72 (twice), 78, 84, and 88 (twice).

No cases in this house but cases in 20, 20, 22, and 26.

HEALTH DISTRICT VI.

88, Hollywood Road, (C)

27. Bird Street, 19, Bridges Street,

13, Lower Lascar Row,

March 24th one case found while cleans-

March 26thing house and April 20th one case.

April 8th May 7th

Nil. Nil.

27th{

A case found opposite this house in the street on June 1st.

HEALTH DISTRICT VII.

Nil.

May 16th

Nil.

June 3rd 10th

A man found dead here on June 21st.

Nil.

41, Lower Lascar Row,

1, Chung Hing Street,

136, Western Market,

138,

Do.,

Latrine at Western Market,.. 184, Hollywood Road,..

March 25th April 9th

17th

8, Heung Lane,

Government Civil Hospital,..

HEALTH DISTRICT VIII.

March 26th

May 16th {

Nil.

Cases in servants' quarters on May 24th and 26th and August 11th.

HEALTH DISTRICT IX.

2, On Wai Lane, (D)

March 27th

261, Queen's Road West, (E)

May, 4th

A case here on March 25th, also one next door (No. 3) on April 28th.

In 1902 there were two cases at No. 1. one at No. 3, and one at No. 4.

One case on May 1st.

A case next door (263) May 25th.

542, Queen's Road West,

520,

Do.,

16, Bonham Strand, Breezy Point,

6. I Yik Street,

128

HEALTH DISTRICT X.

March 7th{

10th

27th

May 9th

June 8th

No case here but one next door (540) on April 27th.

No case here, but one at 530 on Feb- ruary 9th.

Nil. Nil.

Nil.

RAT PLAGUE AND HUMAN PLAGUE IN BRITISH KOWLOON.

I give the following figures for rat and human Plague on the Kowloon side. separately from the account of the City of Victoria because the conditions of the places separated by a comparatively wide stretch of water may be totally different as regards the extent of the epidemic both amongst rats and human beings. It has, however, been suspected that many rats were brought across to the Kowloon side from Victoria. It is probable that the rat-catching coolies at Kowloon would claim their share of rats imported into the Colony for the sake of the bonus of 5 cents per rat offered by the Government. The majority, if not all, of such rats imported would probably be noted as found in the streets as well in Kowloon as in Victoria. In spite of this, however, it is seen that the percentage of infected rats found in houses is very much higher in Kowloon than in Victoria.

The total number of Plague rats found in Kowloon is 633 and of there 48 were reported as found in houses. This gives a percentage of 7.58, the figure for Victoria being only 1.66.

Of these 48 rats, 21 were found in houses in the Tsim-tsa-tsui, 18 in Yau- mna-ti, 7 in Hung Hom, 2 in Mong-kok-tsui and none in Tai-kok-tsui.

Of these districts only Yau-ma-ti shews evidence of human Plague occurring in the same houses in which these rats were found. In two cases the finding of the infected rats was followed by human Plague, and in three cases the finding of infected rats in the houses followed immediately on the report of a human case.

The following Table shews the relation in this respect of the rat and human.

cases :-

1.-Rat Plague before Human Plague.

Address.

Date Rat Plague.

(1.) Gas Company's Quarters, ...15th April,

(2.) Police Station,

Date Human Plague.

...16th

5th May,

}

28th April.

17th May.

2.-Human Plague before Rat Plague.

Address.

Date Human Plague.

(1.) 200, Reclamation Street, ...26th April,

(2.) 95, Station Street South,... 22nd June, (3.) S/B Coolie Cook-house, ......27th June,

Date

Rat Plague.

28th April. 24th June.

10th July.

In cases (1.) and (2.) of the second Table the rats were found during the cleans- ing of the houses after a case of Plague had occurred in them shewing that the rat Plague and human Plague were synchronous.

PLAGUE IN ANIMALS OTHER THAN RATS.

During the height of the epidemic it was discovered that poultry were being found dead in the markets more frequently than usual. On sending the birds found dead to the Public Mortuary for examination they were found to have died from Plague. Steps were taken to cleanse and disinfect the poultry stalls, and many shops in the Western Market were closed temporarily to allow of their being rendered as rat-proof as possible, old and dirty poultry crates were burned, com- pensation being paid. Enquiries made as to the sources of supply of poultry to Hongkong elicited only the information that the dealers in Hongkong acted as commission agents for others in Canton and that the fowls were not bred in any special locality but were gathered in small lots from the surrounding country.

129

Two cats sent for examination from houses where human Plague had occurred were returned as Plague infected, the human and cat infections being synchronous.

Bugs, cockroaches and flies have also been returned as infected with Bacillus pestis, the bugs coming from a house in which two fatal cases of Plague occurred a few days before.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES.

The measures taken with a view to check the course of the epidemic have been (1.) the disinfection of houses in which Plague has occurred, and the personal effects of the inmates; (2.) the closure, especially at the beginning of the epidemic, of various blocks of houses where the disease had broken out, until such time as the houses could be disinfected and rendered rat-proof; (3.) rat-preventive measures.

The disinfection of houses has been conducted on the following lines :- The clothing and bedding from the infected house has been passed through the steam disinfector. The walls and internal surfaces of the rooms have been sprayed with a solution of perchloride of mercury and the rooms and furniture thoroughly scrubbed with a solution of Jeyes' fluid and water (5 % strength).

Kitchens, floors, sinks, privies, etc., have been cleansed by being scrubbed out with chloride of lime and water which has been very efficient in removing grease and dirt.

The number of houses disinfected in the City of Victoria, from January 1st to July 31st this year, has been 566.

That the disinfecting measures have been of good may, I think, be reasonably concluded from the following remarks.

The number of "repeat cases," ie., the number of houses in which two independ- ent cases have occurred, has been only 6.

This gives a percentage of only 1.07. In making this calculation there have been excluded:-

(1.) His Excellency the Governor's experimental block in Second and

Third Streets.

(2.) Cases brought sick to the Convents.

(3.) The case of a man who out of bravado slept in the bed from which

a patient had the day before been taken to the hospital.

(4.) The case of a girl who was moved into the house when sick from

one where there was Plague.

(5.) The case of a woman whose whole family ultimately died or suffered from Plague (in other houses) though there was 19 days' interval between her death and that of the last sufferer, (6.) The case of a man who stole some bedding from a Plague corpse

and who was attacked 10 days afterwards.

(7.) The Gaol, Barracks, Police Station and Disinfecting Station.

The following are some brief notes of the 6 "repeat" cases.

(1.) 32 Gough Street, 12th June, 2nd floor. Resided on premises 1 month. Sick 2 years. Came from No. 5, Peel Street where her grandson died of Plague on 3rd May. Previous case 25th April, 3rd floor.

(2.) 88 Hollywood Road, 20th April, 2nd floor. Previous case 24th March, 3rd floor. Residing on premises 3 days. Previous address not obtained. Sick one day.

(3.) 2 Sun Wai Lane, 11th May, 1st floor.

Previous case 16th March,

1st floor. Floor deserted. No particulars.

(4.) 188 Queen's Road East, 24th May, ground-floor. Resident 3 years, went to Macao 26th April, returned 30th April. Sick one week. Died 23rd May, 1903. Previous case 27th April, 1st floor.

(5.) 3 Wing Lok Lane, 12th June, 1st floor. Resident 4 years. Sick 4 days. Died 11th June, 1903. Previous case 13th April, 1903, ground-floor. Previously resided on ground-floor. Had some property which escaped disinfection.

130

(6.) 8 Tai Ping Shan Street, 26th May, 3rd floor. Resident one mouth, came from 210 Hollywood Road. Sick 3 days. Dide 25th May. Previous case 27th March, 1st floor.

The value of disinfection is, I think, well illustrated in the case of a small localised epidemic which occurred at Deep Water Bay. Before Plague was actually discovered here several of the employees had run away sick. Every particle of clothing possessed by the coolies was boiled for 20 minutes. All bed-inats were burned. When new mats were issued the quarters in which the coolies had been housed were disinfected and shut up and new quarters given to the men. No further case occurred at the works. Although a case found in No. 9 Health District was said to have come from Deep Water Bay he was not known there, and it is very improbable that he came from there.

With regard to the second method of combatting the disease, I submit some remarks on the various blocks closed by the Board with an account of the cases in them before closure and after re-occupation.

It will be noticed that the first two blocks closed were released from the closing order quite early in the epidemic and that subsequent cases occurred in the houses.

The third block was re-occupied during the height of the epidemic and no further cases occurred in them.

Swatow Lane was re-occupied at the end of April and though the epidemic was at its worst in May, no further cases were reported from here.

Amoy Lane was released when the epidemic had reached its highest point but was still severe. No known cases occurred after the release.

The houses closed in Cross Street, Nullah Lane and Albany Street and also those in Holy Infant Lane were not re-occupied till the epidemic was practically over and hence it is not possible to make any deductions from the number of cases occurring in them as to the effect of the closure on the spread of the epidemic.

The Board offers shelter to the people turned out of closed blocks in houses which they rent for the purpose.

There were three blocks of houses rented for the purpose this year-one at Wanchai, one towards West Point, and one in the centre of the City.

But the people turned out from closed houses are not bound to make use of the shelter blocks, nor if they do so are they in any sense in quarantine but are free to pursue their daily avocations. Not a single person from the first, second or third blocks nor the last block (Holy Infant Lane) went to the shelter blocks. The people dispersed temporarily and found homes with their friends.

It is obvious that it is, therefore quite impossible to say whether the vacation of the infected block by the tenants is followed by less Plague among them than might have occurred had they not vacated their houses. An opinion on this point could only be arrived at by comparing a number of cases in which evacuation was not enforced with a case in which it was enforced and strict quarantine and medical observation of those turned out enjoined.

Inoculation with Haffkine's prophylactic fluid was introduced last year. The Board's staff of disinfecting coolies, rat-catchers and case-removing coolies were inoculated. It being a condition of employment that they should submit to the operation. Several of the Inspectors also were inoculated. Altogether last. year 587 persons were inoculated, and as far as is known no cases of Plague occurred amongst the Board's employees nor in any of the few others who were inoculated. As there are frequent changes in the staff of coolies it is impossible to say how many, if any, of them contracted Plague after leaving their employment.

The inoculations were performed at frequent intervals from February 7th to October 1st, 1902. This year the same course was adopted, 352 men being in- oculated between March 11th and June 19th. Five men who had been inoculated afterwards developed Plague. One was a European Inspector, two were engaged in rat-catching work, one was an artisan in the Board's employ, and one a disinfect- ing coolic. The two former died while the two latter recovered. The European Inspector recovered. More particulars of these cases are given in the special report.

131

by a Committee on Plague in the Gaol and amongst the Disinfecting Staff, which I have thought advisable to embody in this report.

Rat Prevention Measures have consisted in destroying as many rats as possible by means of traps and poison. During the cleansing and disinfection of houses after Plague all rat runs and defects in walls and floors which might afford shelter, for rats have been noted and steps taken to have rat holes filled in with cement, and broken ground surfaces repaired or re-laid, if necessary, with lime concrete.

Blocks of Houses closed by the Board. With a view to check the spread of the epidemic at its beginning, the Board, as early as the 31st December, 1902, ordered the closure of the following houses:-

Wo On Lane, 1 to 17.

Wing Wa Lane, 19.

D'Aguilar Street, 15 to 21A.

These houses form one block.

A case had occurred at No. 5, Wo On Lane on the 19th December and a case at No. 9 on the 31st December. On December 29th a body had been found in the street and it was suspected to have come from No. 21, D'Aguilar Street. With a view, therefore, to allow of a thorough cleansing and disinfection of this block of houses and to enable repairs to floors and the filling up of rat holes to be thoroughly carried out the Board ordered the closing of the block.

The necessary disinfection and repairing having been carried out the houses were released from the closing order in February and March. After relase and consequent re-occupation a case occurred at 15, Wo On Lane, on the 1st April and another case at No. 11, on June 19th.

No further cases were known in the block throughout the epidemic. The same principle was followed in the case of other blocks of houses where possible.

On January 24th at the early part of the epidemic a case occurred in Wing Fung Street at No. 18. Two days after this a block comprising Nos. 8 to 24, Wing Fung Street, and 1 to 5 Wing Fung Street West was closed for disinfection and repairs. The houses were released on the 11th March after disinfection, thorough cleansing and repairs.

One subsequent case occurred at No. 20, Wing Fung Street on the 30th March.

The third block thus closed comprised D'Aguilar Street Nos. 20 and 22, Yan Shau Lane Nos. 1-5 and Wai Tak Lane Nos. 2-10.

A case of Plague had occurred at No. 3, Yan Shau Lane on February 27th and at 6 Wai Tak Lane on February 28th, while shortly before (February 4th) a case had occurred in a house 24, Wellington Street, which backs on to Yan Shau Lane.

These houses were released on different dates from 30th April to 26th June and no cases of Plague occurred in them after re-occupation.

The fourth block closed consisted of Amoy and Swatow Lanes and Nos. 142- 160, Queen's Road East. Four dead bodies had been found in Swatow Lane during March, and in Amoy Lane a case occurred at No. 2 on February_27th and at No. 17 on March 24th. A case had also occurred at 162, Queen's Road East on February 5th, but as this house had on that account been disinfected and repaired it was not included in the closing order.

Swatow Lane was released on April 27th having been closed on March 28th. No case was discovered in this lane after re-occupation.

Amoy Lane closed at the same time was released on June 6th. Here also no subsequent cases were discovered.

The Queen's Road East houses were closed because they formed part of the same block with these two lanes. No cases of Plague had been discovered in Nos. 140-160, nor did any occur there after their release, but in No. 164, the next house to No. 162, where Plague had occurred on February 5th, a case occurred on May 1st.

132

The next block consisted of Nos. 3 to 17, Cross Street, Nos. 14, 16 and 17, Albany Street and Nos. 27 to 33, Nullah Lane.

These houses were closed on April 21st and released on August 11th.

Before closure a case occurred in Cross Street No. 11 on April 16th and a dead body was found in the street on April 17th.

In Albany Street a case occurred at No. 15 on April 13th.

In the Nullah Lane houses no cases had up to that date been reported.

After the release of the houses on August 11th no further cases were discovered.

But that the neighbourhood was strongly infected may be gathered from the fact that cases occurred in Albany Street as follows at No. 11 on 20th April, at No. 21 on May 15th, No. 19 May 26th, No. 21 again on June 29th, and at No. 7 on July 11th.

The next block to be closed consisted of Nos. 1 to 10 and 6A (consecutive numbers), Holy Infant Lane. These houses were closed on April 22nd, and with the exception of No. 10 which was released on June 22nd they were re-opened on August 11th. No cases occurred after re-occupation.

The sequence of cases in the block before closing is interesting as it tends to show how Plague travels from one house to another. The following shews this in tabular form :-

No of Houses. 3

Date of Case. April, 14th

16th

18th

21st

23rd 24th

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE CONSISTING OF THE PRINCIPAL CIVIL MEDICAL OFFICER, THE ACTING MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, DR. THOMSON AND DR. HUNTER TO ENQUIRE INTO OUTBREAKS OF PLAGUE AT THE GAOL AND AMONGST THE MEMBERS OF THE SANITARY DISINFECTING STAFF IN 1903.

1.-Gaol.

It will be seen from Table A that the outbreak at the Gaol practically lasted from the 16th May to the 4th June. There was one case before that date, viz., that of CHEUNG KUN IN (No. 1). As he was practically not admitted to the Gaol this evidently had nothing to do with the outbreak. There have been two cases since, viz., those of BAGOT SINGH (No. 19) on the 7th July and a Chinese Prisoner SU KAM (No. 20) on the 16th instant; it is evident that they also both became infected outside the Gaol.

It will be seen that out of sixteen cases, seven were contracted outside the Gaol, viz., Nos. 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, 12 and 17, and of the remainder probably three more were similarly infected outside the Gaol.

To deal with these in detail

Nos. 5 and 6. The infection probably occurred outside the Gaol as it is improbable that they contracted the disease from cases 3 and 4 both of whom were suffering from the septic form of the disease. No. 9 may also have contracted the disease outside the Gaol as the limit of the ordinary incubation period is 7 days. It is extremely unlikely that he was infected from LEUNG CHAU, who was also suffering from the septic form of the disease.

133

There remain cases 7, 10, 13, 14 and 15 :-

No. 7 is very difficult to account for but must have been infected within

the Gaol premises.

No. 10 must similarly have been infected in the Gaol.

Nos. 13 and 14 both lived in the Gaol quarters, they may have, however,

contracted the disease elsewhere.

No. 15 was in the Gaol for 12 days, so in all likelihood he became

infected there.

With regard to the causation of this outbreak, overcrowding has been a most important factor.

This was referred to in Dr. THOMSON'S Anuual Report on the condition of the Gaol for 1902.

On the 12th May this year, Dr. THOMSON also drew attention to the exces- sively overcrowded condition of the female prison, the Principal Civil Medical Officer minute thus: "I fear that the overcrowding is not confined to the female portion of the Gaol, but is general." Certain recommendations were then made to alleviate this.

Again, on the 30th May, Dr. THOMSON urgently drew the attention of His Excellency the Governor to the overcrowded condition of the Gaol. On this date 100 short sentence prisoners were released by order of His Excellency the Govern- or; taking 7 days from this date as the limit of the period of incubation, no more cases developed after the release of these prisoners.

We are also of the opinion that the oakum which the Prisoners pick may have been a source of infection.

Most of this oakum came from the Naval Yard.

On the 26th June we were informed by the Commodore that a large number of rats were found on the Naval Extension Works which are contiguous to the Yard; on the 28th and 29th of June some of these rats were reported by the Government Bacteriologist to have been found Plague infected.

The English Warder ENTWISTLE, case No. 14, was employed in weighing out the oakum and many of the prisoners were employed in picking it, although only one of the prisoners attacked seems to have been handling the oakum.

Another possible source of the spread of the infection is by means of the nightsoil buckets.

II.-Sanitary Disinfecting Staff.

Table B gives the number of cases which have occurred amongst the mem- bers of the Disinfecting Staff.

The following were the total number employed :—

Staff.

Inoculated. Plague Cases.

European Inspectors,

Coloured Foremen,...

Chine, a Foremen.

Disinfecting Coolies,

243

202

Removing case Coolies,

Foremen Rat-catchers,

Rat-catchers,...

Artisans,

512

347

Thus out of a total force of 512, six contracted Plague, a percentage of 11. Of these six, three lived at their own quarters and three at the Disinfecting Station.

Rat-catching work appears to be the most dangerous as three out of the six affected were employed at this work, two being foremen and one a coolie, the fore- men, however, do not necessarily handle the rats.

134

Inoculation,

Out of the total number of men who have been employed, 347 were inoculated, endeavour is made to inoculate the whole of the natives, but through frequent changes of staff some escape.

As regards inoculation four out of the six who were attacked had been inocul- `ated with Haffkine's Plague prophylactic, two of whom died.

From Dr. HUNTER's report it is evident that latterly the serum became con- taminated; from the date of his report all inoculation was stopped.

Attached to this report are :~~

Table A giving report of Plague cases in Victoria Gaol in 1903.

Table B giving report of Plague cases occurring amongst the Disinfect-

ing Staff.

C, Report of Government Bacteriologist.

J. M. ATKINSON.

W. W. PEARSE.

J. C. THOMSON.

W. HUNTER.

GOVERNMENT PUBLIC MORTUARY,

HONGKONG, 26th June, 1903.

SIR,-I have the honour to make the following report :-

(1.) On the cause of death of one member of the Disinfecting Staff. (2.) On the Bacteriological Examination of three brews of Haffkine's

Re No. 1.

Prophylactic.

Name-JOHN WHITE, alias HUNG WAH.

bubonic.

Re No. 2.

Haffkine's Prophylactic :-

Cause of death, Plague; type,

(A) Brew No. 2611-2 bottles sent for examination.

Each bottle was said to contain 20 c.c. 1 bottle contained 5 c.c. of cloudy fluid which was found on bateriological examination to be teeming with various micro-organisms.

The other bottle contained 1 c.c. of fluid likewise teeming with micro- organisms.

Both bottles were imperfectly corked and sealed. This probably accounting for the presumable evaporation and evident bacterial contamination.

(B) No. 2 Brew, No. 3 Bottle, No. 2943.

1 Bottle sent for examination.

This bottle contained 20 c.c. of turbid fluid. Numerous moulds were found in the fluid.

Re Plague case examined by me which occurred in Gaol :-

Name CHUNG KUN IN.

Cause of death, Plague, type bubonic.

Date of examination-24th April, 1903.

Hon. Dr J. M. ATKINSON,

P. C. M. O., &c., &c., &c.

I have &c.,

WILLIAM HUNTER.

Table A.

PLAGUE CASES IN THE VICTORIA GOAL, 1903.

A.-Cases reported on in detail in Report dated 4th June, 1903, in C. S. O. No. 4564.

135

No.

NAME.

SEX.

AGE.

Cheung Kun In,. M. 37

DATE OF

ADMISSION

TO GAOL.

DATE OF

ILLNESS.

POSSIBLE SOURCE OF INFECTION.

TYPE

OF DISEASE.

DATE OF

DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL.

DATE OF

DEATH.

24 April,

Unknown. Outside Gaol,

Bubonic.

Ishar Singh,.

M. 34

(Warder)

16 May,

His residence, 2 Sun Wai Ki,

Chan Sing,

M. 23

20 May,

Leung Chau,.. M. 18

25 May,

Gurmakh Sing,...] M. | 32

(Warder)

Mahtab Ali,

M. 25

(Warder)

Ip Hi,

F. 30

23 March,

2** *8

Yaumati: No address,.......

Septic.

28 ""

Yaumati: (New Street) No address, Outside or from cases 3 and 4,

24 April,

21 May,

24 **

10 June,

Do.

do.

Perhaps from a Plague "Contact,"

...

8. Kwok Mi,

M. 18

30 May,

Outside Gaol,

Yeung Him.

M. 25

25 May,

Outside or from case 4,.

10 Yeung Kwni,.

M. 25

29 April,

1 June,

Perhaps from case 4,

Kau Tau Kwai,

M. 33

30 May,

Tsimshatsui: No address,

Cheung Sam,..... M. 28

3 June,

Lane opposite 5 Fire Station,.

Ebrahim,

M. 26

(Warder)

E. Entwistle,

Ng Hang,

M. 29

M. 26

(Eng. Warder)

23 May,

SYD TH

Outside or from previous case,.......

Outside,..

Perhaps from case 9 or 10,

Septic, later bubonic.

Septic.

Bubonic.

29 June,

12 ""

Still in Hospital,

13 June,

25 "" Still in Hospital,

B.—Further Cases connected with the Gaol not included in the above-mentioned Report.

Wong Kwong,

M. 19

Lai Hong,..

M. 28

June,

28 May,

1 June,

Discharged from Gaol 25th May, Unknown: Outside Gaol,

Noor Ahmed, M. 25

19 Bagar Singh,..... M. 22

(Warder)

Septic.

Septic with

7 July,

Unknown Outside Goal,

slight

Seo Kan,.

M. 22

11 July,

Probably in Yaumati,

pneumonia.

Bubonic.

9 June,

13 ??

Still in Hospital,

REMARKS.

Sent to Gaol on remand, Died suddenly. Plague had occurred in the house, 9th May. Spent night of 19th May in Yaumati Police Cell. Cases 3 and 4 were located in Gaol corridors. The two Indian Warders, cases 5 and 6, were on. night patrol in corridor occupied by 3 and 4.

•

Slept in cell with prisoner convicted of "Dumping." Says he lives on Sampan No. 6.

Slept in corridor close by case 4, two nights. Associated with case 4 in stone-carrying.

His time in Gaol renders outside infection probable. Never in cells. Condition detected on admission. Part of his duty was to search prisoners.

Was in proximity to cases 9 and 10 on 31st May.

May have been infected in Gaol, or after discharge. Condition detected immediately on admission. This case proved probably not Plague.

Says he felt unwell from 14th July.

J. C. THOMSON.

30th June, 1903.

Table B.

RETURN OF PLAGUE CASES IN DISINFECTING STAFF.

136

NAME, AGE AND ADDRESS.

SENT TO HOSPITAL OR MORTUARY ON

DIED ON

DISCHAR-

GED ON

1. ALI ISMAIL, (Indian) aged 18, Foreman of rat-catchers, lived at No. 143, Hollywood Road.

15th April to Kennedy Town Hospital.

16th April,

1903.

2. FRANCIS MCVEETY (Eurasian) aged 20, Foreman of Rat-cat- chers, lived at No. 26 Gough Street.

9th May to Kennedy 11th May, Town Hospital.

3. NG PIN, aged 22, Artisan, lived 9th May to Tung Wah at Disinfecting Station.

4. HO CHOY, aged 25, Rat-catching Coolie, lived at Disinfecting Station.

5. PUN PUI, aged 28, Disinfecting Coolie, lived at Disinfecting Station.

and sent on same date to Kennedy Town Hospital.

1903.

9th May to Government 11th May. Civil Hospital thence to Kennedy Town Hos- pital on the 9th May. 22nd May to Kennedy Town Hospital.

6. JOHN WHITE, aged 23, alias | 24th May to Public Mor- 24th May. HUNG WAH, (Chinese Eurasian)

employed as a Foreman of Cleansing Coolies, lived at 42 Pottinger Street.

tuary.

HISTORY AND REMARKS.

This man had been employed as a foreman of rat-catchers in No. 3 Health District. He was living at No. 143 Hollywood Road. Plague was prevalent in this street at this time, a case occurred next door (145) on 28th March and in No. 151 on 2nd April. This man had friends living at 197 Queen's Road East, he had previously lived in this house himself. Plague occurred in 191 Queen's Road East on 19th March. The deceased was absent from duty on the 9th April, which was apparently the date when he first felt sick. He had been in the employ of the Board since five months. He had not been inoculated. This man had been employed as a foreman rat-catcher since April 3rd in No. 9 Health District. He took sick with headache on May 7th and on the 9th he went to Kennedy Town Hos- pital. Plague was prevalent in Gough Street at this time. Cases had occurred at Nos. 16 and 32 on April 14th and 25th respectively (one case each house). Last year's return shew 9 cases in this street. The house in which the deceased lived was in a delapidated and rat riddled condition. This man was inoculated with Haffkine's prophylactic on the 17th April. 19th May. This man had been employed since April 9th. He worked in Health Districts 7 and 8 as a car- penter with the cleansing gangs. He first took sick on May 9th. He always wore shoes at his work. He had been inoculated on the 17th April. He was admitted to the Obser- vation Shed at the Disinfecting Station on the 9th of May in the morning. At 3.30 p.m. he was sent to Hospital and is returned as admitted to Kennedy Town Hospital on this same date.

This man had been employed as a rat-catching coolie since April 1st of this year. He did not wear boots as there were none in stock at the time. He was employed in No. 1 Health Dis- trict. He had been inoculated on April 17th. He was found to be sick on the 9th May in his quarters at the Disinfecting Station with a temperature of 104° F.

31st May. This man had been employed as a disinfecting coolie since 3rd January this year. He first took sick on May 22nd and was admitted to the Observation Shed at the Disinfecting Station at 8 a.m. and was sent at 11 a.m. to hospital with a temperature of 104° F. He had lately been employed in disinfecting No. 50 East Street where a Plague case occurred on May 18th. He had been supplied with boots but avoided wearing them as much as possible. He had been inoculated on April 21st.

This man had been employed since April 28th, and had lately worked in No. 9 Health District. He took sick apparently on the 15th May for he then left work and went to his house where he died on the 24th May. There was a case of Plague in the next house (No. 40) on April 25th. He is said to have been an opium smoker and a frequenter of opium divans. He had not been inoculated.

137

AN INTERESTING CASE.

Reference has been made under the heading Preventive Measures to a family all of whom contracted Plague. Some longer account of this case may be found interesting.

On April 18th a Mr.

requested that his house might be cleansed because he had noticed rats dying there. This was done and Mr.- 's family all removed to another house, all being apparently in good health.

On the 20th April Mr.'s mother died of Plague. On the 21st April the house where she died was disinfected as well as the house from which the family had removed. The family in the meanwhile removed to a third house. In this house a daughter of the family was taken ill on April 24th and died in Kennedy Town Hospital on the 27th. This third house was disinfected on the 28th. After disinfection the family reoccupied this house, but on May 3rd removed to a fourth house when another daughter was taken ill with Plague on the 5th May but had felt indisposed from the 3rd May. From this fourth house on the 21st May Mr.-— himself (the son of the family) was admitted to Hospital with Plague.

From enquiries it was found out that the first case in this household was that of an amah who, however, left the family on first feeling unwell and died two days afterwards in the house of her own friends on April 16th. When cleansing the original house of the family on the 19th April a dead rat was found under the bed which had been occupied by the amah and on again cleansing and disinfecting the house after the report that the mother was suffering from Plague three more rats were found dead. These rats were not proved to have died of Plague on exami- nation but it is possible that they may have done so and that decomposition prevented a positive diagnosis.

In every case the disinfection was as thorough as possible, Mr.--'s clothes which he had on being even disinfected (other clothes being lent him for the time). It seems probable that the series of cases was brought about by personal contact. The 16 days elapsing between the 28th April and the 10th May are more than the generally accepted incubation period but the fact that the daughter reported on the 11th May had been indisposed since the 3rd May reduces the time elapsing between the two cases to 9 days. Mr. also was unwell for several days before he finally went to Hospital on his own initiative to be examined.

METEOROLOGICAL Data AND PLAGUE.

Temperature. Although there were four cases of Plague in December, 1902, and four in January of this year yet the epidemic does not seem to have become established until February. During the fist six days of that month there were four on which Plague cases were reported. A reference to the Temperature Chart will shew that the first three days of February were the coldest of the season, the minimum on the 3rd being below 42° F. During the rapid and considerable rise of temperature from the 7th to 20th day, only on two days was Plague known, but during the next eight days only two days were free, 13 cases being notified.

From this point onwards the curve of the epidemic rises, with daily varia- tions, higher and higher until the 8th of June after which there is a remarkable fall, after which the epidemic through June and July gradually comes to an end. The worst month is May when the mean monthly temperature was 75-4 and on no day in which was a temperature of 82 reached by the mean. The great height of the Plague curve is carried over from May into the first nine days of June. For the first 18 days of this month the mean temperature is continuously above 80° F., and on 13 out of these 18 days 82° F. or above 82° F. The sudden drop of the Plague curve on the 9th and 10th days follows this rise of tem- perature and the curve continues low with the continuous high temperature. The slight drop below 80° F. on the 19th day and below 78° F. on the 20th day is followed by a slight rise in the Plague curve on the 21st day but this is probably accidental as an incubation period for plague must be taken into account. With the subsequent rise of temperature to above 82° F. from the 21st to 24th days the Plague curve generally declines nor does it shew any appreciable rise again although the temperature drops below 80° F. on the 26th, 27th and 28th days.

138

As some cases of Plague are discovered carly, some when the disease is well marked, and most others only when the patient is dying or dead, the slight varia- tions of the Plague curve from day to day cannot be taken as strictly shewing how many cases should properly speaking be assigned to each day. The general trend of the curve with its marked rises and falls will serve however to give an idea of the behaviour of the epidemic relative to the meteorological data.

Although it would seem that the rise of the mean temperature to above 80° F. in some way affects the Plague curve, yet it must not be ignored that with a fall of temperature in the autumn months to heights corresponding with those in the spring months there is no recrudescence of the epidemic recorded. In August of this year the mean monthly temperature was 809 and the number of cases of Plague 31. From 80·1° F. on the 14th the mean fell to 75-9° F. on the 18th but from the 18th to 31st of August there were only 5 cases. In September the monthly mean of the temperature was 786 with its lowest point 76 on the 12th ; the number of cases in this month was 9; 4 before, 1 on, and 4 after the 12th day. As the meteorological observations for October of this year are not yet published, I may use last year's return for this purpose. They shew that the October tempera- ture for the month was 767. November of last year had a mean temperature of 715. When in April and May of this year the mean temperature was 724 and 75.4 respectively Plague was very severe.

RAINFALL AND PLAGUE.

Although the rainfall in December, 1902, was very small, yet it will be seen on reference to the chart shewing Sunshine, Rain, and Plague Curves, that there was some rain on 9 days out of the first 18 days of that month. On the 19th day a case of Plague was notified. From the 22nd to 30th days rain fell on 5 days. There was a case of Plague on each of the 27th, 29th and 31st days.

Coming to January of this year it will be seen that there was rain on 5 days from the 10th to the 14th inclusive, and a case of Plague on the 16th. During the spell of dry days, from the 15th to the 24th, 3 cases of Plague were discovered. From the 25th January to the 2nd February, however, there were 6 days in which rain fell; from February 2nd to 6th inclusive there were 12 cases of Plague. During the next 3 weeks which were dry there were 14 cases only. In the eight following days, ie., up to March 7th, rain fell on 7 days. The Plague curve shows that at this date the epidemic was established. Altogether in March rain fell on 16 days and the Plague curve continuously but slowly rose. In April from the 3rd to the 10th inclusive, no rain fell; the eight days from the 5th to the 12th shews a considerable fall in the number of plague cases. The fortnight from the 17th to the 30th bad 8 wet days and the Plague curve is shewn to be considerably higher.

The month of May shews similar facts, there being 17 wet days with gener- ally much heavier daily falls than before. Through May to June 8th the Plague curve rises to its highest point but the very heavy fall of rain in the latter half of this month is not followed by a rise in the Plague curve. It will, however, be noted that the heavy fall of rain in the last week of June amounted to a small flood and although the interiors of houses would not be benefited directly by this, yet it might have otherwise some beneficial effect.

The

The 26th week of this year was that between June 24th and 30th inclusive. This week has the heaviest rainfall curve of the year; a reference to the chart given under rat Plague will shew that there was a sudden heavy fall in the 27th week in the percentage of Plague infected rats, namely, from 8 to 3.2. thorough scouring out of the sewers and storm water drains especially which such rain would effect may well have something to do with this. It will be seen that at the week ending June 15th 2,382 rats were caught but that by July 13th this was reduced to 1,674-a drop of over 600 per week. If as has been mentioned before large numbers of rats were being imported for the sake of the bonus the fall in the percentage of infected rats amongst those daily collected might be accounted

for.

SUNSHINE AND HUMIDITY.

The relative risings and fallings of the curves of Plague and Sunshine are to a great extent inverse to those of Rain and Plague. The 3rd week of March is a good example. The relatively large amount of sunshine from the 4th to the 10th of April accompanies a fall in the Plague curve, but as I shewel under Tem-

•

TEMPERATURE AND PLAGUE.-December, 1902.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

DATE. 1

TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT.

Mean temperature for the month 64.

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

DATE.

3 4 5

6 78

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|

Max:

Mean

Min:

DATE: 1 2

3 4 5

* * * * * * * * * * * : * ~ : : 2 $28*

..90

TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT.

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

DATE. 1

ง

TEMPERATURE AND PLAGUE.-January, 1903.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Max:

Mean temperature for the month 81.7°F

Mean

Min:

6 7 8 9 10/11/12/13/14/15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

TEMPERATURE and PLAGUE,-February, 1903.

DATE: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27|28|29|30|81|

92.

≈≈ * * * 2 2 8 8 + 8 8 8 8 8 8

TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT.

ལྷམ་

Mean temperature for the month 58.4°F.

DATE. 1 23

617 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|81)

Max:

Mean

Min:

TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT.

TEMPERATURE AND PLAGUE.— March, 1903.

DATE: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

* 2 2 888

Mean temperature for the month 66° 3° F.

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

DATE. │1 | 2 | 3 415

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|

Max:

Mean

Min:

TEMPERATURE AND PLAGUE.- April, 1903.

DATE: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT.

9 8 7 8 8 8 8 288 * * * * * * *

Max:

Mean

Min:

Mean temperature for the month 72.4°F.

* * * * * * * * * 2 2 ** and

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

DATE.

4 5 6 7

91011121314151617|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31

TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT.

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

TEMPERATURE AND PLAGUE.- May, 1903.

DATE: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

* * * * * * * * * * * *

2 2 2 * * * 2 2 0

DATE.1

2 3 4 5

Mean

Max:

Mean temperature for the month 75·4°F.

Min:

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31

TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT.

DATE: 1

TEMPERATURE AND PLAGUE.- June, 1963.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Mean

Max:

62.

Mean temperature for the month 82-0°F

Min:

སྒྱུ ལུ་ ཚུ

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

DATE. 1

2 3

4 5

8910111213 14 15 16 17 18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31

TEMPERATURE FARENHEIT.

TEMPERATURE AND PLAGUE.- July, 1905.

DATE: 1 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Mean

Max:

Mean temperature for the month 81.7°F

Min:

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

ลง

DATE. 1

6 7 8 91011121314|18|16|17 18 19 20 21 22│|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|

PLAGUE AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY.- December, 1902.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

DATE. 1 23

100

* 8 ∞ ∞ * * 8 * * * * 2 * : * ~ : * 8 *.8 8

RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF ATMOSPHERE PER CENT

* * * * ********

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

DATE. 1 2 3 4

5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20│21|22|23|21|25|26|27|28|29|80|31|

PLAGUE AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY.- January, 1903.

DATE.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

100

.54

*888* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * @ 8

RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF ATMOSPHERE PER CENT

* * * * 2 2 2 2 2 2 *****

PLAQUE CASES PER DAY

DATE.

4 5 6 7 8 | 9 │10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|28|24|25|26|27 | 28| 29 | 30 | 31|

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

PLAGUE AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY.- February, 1903.

DATE. │1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

100

RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF ATMOSPHERE PER CENT

DATE,

2 3145

10|11|12|18|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|

፡.

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

PLAGUE AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY.—March, 1903.

DATE,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

100

RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF ATMOSPHERE PER CENT

2 2 2 2

DATE. 1

10|11|12|18|14|15|16|17|18|1920|21|22|28 |25|26|27|28|29|30|31||

PLAGUE AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY.— April, 1903.

DATE. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

100

* 2 * * * * 8 * =

RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF ATMOSPHERE PER CENT

2 3 3 3 3 = * * * *2**

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

* ON 2*** 22 * -

DATE. 1

6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|1920|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30| $1}

PLAGUE AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY.-May, 1903.

DATE. 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

}

RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF ATMOSPHERE PER CENT

ཨྠ་ྲཝ྄མྦུ་ྣ ྨ ྨg e e ཝ ས ུ gཎྜུ ྂ མྦུཤྩཧྨ་ལཊྛཱ༤རྒྱུུས�

-100

********* 22 **

PLAQUE CASES PER DAY

DATE. | 1 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 5 6 7 89101112|13|14|15|16| 17 | 18|1920|21|22

| 27 | 28 | 29 | 30⋅ 31

PLAGUE AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY.— June, 1903.

DATE.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

100

* 8 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 * 28 1 2

RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF ATMOSPHERE PER CENT

}

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

DATE.

78910|11|12|13|14|15│16|17|18|1920|21 22

24 25 26 27 28 29 | 30 | 31

ija

PLAGUE AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY.- July, 1903.

DATE. 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

100

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30|81

RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF ATMOSPHERE PER CENT

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

6.6

DATE. 12

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17|18|1920|21|22 24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|

INCHES OF RAINFALL

* * * * * * * 2 * * *

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

HOURS OF SUNSHINE

SUNSHINE RAIN AND PLAGUE.- December, 1902.

DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | 15 | 16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31

DATE 1 2

4 5 6 7 9 || 10|11||12|18|14|15|16|17|18|19| 20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|| 80 | 81 |

܀܀

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

INCHES OF RAINFALL`

50.

HOURS OF SUNSHINE

SUNSHINE RAIN AND PLAGUE.- January, 1903.

DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

DATE 1 234 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17│18│19] 20│|21|22|28 |24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31

INCHES OF RAINFALL

50.

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

HOURS OF SUNSHINE

→

ہے

SUNSHINE RAIN AND PLAGUE.- February, 1903.

DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

∞

|DATE│| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|81

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

INCHES OF RAINFALL

50.

SUNSHINE RAIN AND PLAGUE.- March, 1903.

DATE 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

DATE | 1 | 2

7 | 8 | 9 | 10|11|12|13|14| 15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|‍30|31|

HOURS OF SUNSHINE

SUNSHINE RAIN AND PLAGUE.-April, 1903.

DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | 8 | 9 │10|11|12|13|14| 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

INCHES OF RAINFALL

***

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

DATE 1 2

$ 4 5 6 7 | 8 | 9 |10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|

HOURS OF SUNSHINE

INCHES OF RAINFALL

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

SUNSHINE RAIN AND PLAGUE.—May, 1903.

DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | 8 | 9 |10|11|12|13|14| 15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30 31

ය

********* 2 * * * * 2002

DATE 1

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10│11|12|13|14|15│|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|28|24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

INCHES OF RAINFALL

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

HOURS OF SUNSHINE

: 11

SUNSHINE RAIN AND PLAGUE.- June, 1903.

DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20|21|22|28|24|25 | 26 | 27 | 28 29 30

DATE 1

345

7 8 9 10 11 12│13│|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|80|

;

HOURS OF SUNSHINE

INCHES OF RAINFALL

SUNSHINE RAIN AND PLAGUE.- July, 1903.

DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

PLAGUE CASES PER DAY

מיי

DATE 1 23 4

5 6 7

8 10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|81|

139

perature this also follows a sudden drop in temperature on April 3rd. A

A glance at the Humidity Chart for this mouth will also shew that there was a big drop in the relative humidity of the atmosphere at the period. The air was, therefore, cooler, drier and the weather comparatively bright just then. The rise of the Plague curve again from April 13th to 15th follows the depression in the sun- shine curve reaching zero on the 12th, while it will be noticed the humidity has much increased and the temperature generally risen again.

Taking the period from April 19th to May the 26th in which the sunshine was generally little and intermitting with periods of fairly heavy rain, the Plague curve is seen to gradually ascend. As mentioned under Temperature this curve also is gradually rising while the humidity for May is very high. The sudden fall in the humidity curve for the 9th day is not asnwered by the Plague curve.

From May 27th to June 14th it is seen that the Colony enjoyed a great amount of sunshine. Coincident with this the temperature rose and kept cons- tantly above 80° F. in June for 18 days. The air became somewhat drier from the 2nd week in June and for 10 days onwards and the Plague curve suddenly dropped on June 9th and 10th and never rose seriously again.

The weather immediately preceding the drop in Plague was hot, bright, almost free from rain and the air was drier than it had been for a few weeks. In July again although heavy showers sometimes fell there was a considerable amount of sunshine, the temperature kept up a high average (817) the moisture of the air though considerable was less than in May, and it is seen the Plague ceased to assume epidemic proportions.

The coincidences of the rise and fall of the Plague curve with those of the meteorological data may be merely coincidences and in no way point to cause and effect, but the well established fact that Plague has a distinct seasonal curve in the Colony renders it imperative that the meteorological data be taken into consider-

ation.

There are of course many other factors which must be considered at the same time. The habits of people naturally change with change of season.

For example, the people wear thicker clothing during the cold weather, and clothing which from its appearance is, amongst the poorer classes brought out year after year. Pro- bably clothing padded with cotton wool is never washed and might become infested with vermin. In the cold weather too none sleep out of doors, and windows and doors are shut to keep up warmth, and efficient ventilation of rooms, at all times badly designed for this, is quite impossible.

The Report of the Indian Plague Commission, Appendix III, pp. 479-182, is very interesting as shewing that deficient ventilation has probably a direct effect on the Plague curves, suggesting as it does that the virulence of attenuated Plague bacilli may be raised by being subject to the influence of air containing a large proportion of carbonic acid. It goes without saying that the overcrowded and ill-ventilated houses of this Colony are deleterious to the health of their inmates, the powers of resistance of which to the parasite of Plague may thereby be con- siderably diminished.

During the hot weather, should the night be dry, men sleep in the street, in verandahs and on the roofs where a safe place can be found, e.g., on flat roofs. In this respect the great rise of the Plague and rain curves in May is interesting. Even if no rain were to fall in the night there is no doubt that the fact of the day having been wer would, if the weather were still threatening rain tend to make the people sleep in their crowded rooms rather than risk a sudden downpour outside when asleep. The overcrowding of rooms at night might also tend to raise the Plague curve through the agency of vermin since, besides rats, bugs have

been found infected.

PUBLIC LATRINES AND PLAGUE.

With a view to ascertaining whether the caretakers of public latrines were greater sufferers from Plague than others owing to their calling, I made enquiries as to whether frequent changes had been made in the caretakers of the public latrines during the epidemic. The caretakers are not employed by, nor directly paid by the Government even in those latrines owned by the Government. Con- sequently there is no direct control over them by the Board; the conservancy contractor having to supply a caretaker for each Government-owned latrine.

140

The following list shews what changes have taken place :-

Health District I.

Sookonpoo latrine,

Leighton Hill Road latrine,

..Keepers constantly changing.

Do.

Health District II.

Chi Sing Lane latrine,

.No change.

Health Districts III and IV.

Latrine at Central Market;

.....No change.

Health District V.

...No changes.

Health District VI.

.....2 or 3 changes.

....No change.

Latrine at 2 Gough Street, .......

116 Des Voeux Road,

Latrine at Bridges Street,

Wing Lok Street,

Circular Pathway.. Mercer Street,.......................

Latrine at Western Market,..

Health District VII.

..No change.

Health District VIII.

.No change.

Latrine at Possession Point,

Po Yan Street,

Health District IX.

Latrine at Sam So Lane,

On Ming Lane,

Skek Tong Tsui Market,

No change.

598, Queen's Road West, Second Street,

Health District X.

Latrine at 256, Queen's Road West,

84, First Street,

29,

,, 113, Second Street.

81, Centre Street,

Kowloon.

.No change.

One of the caretakers of a Government latrine in Kowloon died of Plague and two caretakers from Yau-ma-ti were transferred to Hung-hom latrines. No other changes were noticed in the public latrines on this side.

DISTRIBUTION OF PLAGUE IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

The following Table shews the number of cases of Plague which have occurred in each district of the Colony, and as far as the City of Victoria is concerned it also shews the population (Chinese) in each Health District, the number of persons floor to each district and the Plague case incidence per cent. of the population.

per

CHINESE POPULATION.

.12,700.....

HEALTH DISTRICT.

CASES.

1......

76........

.219.

.23,180..

24..

144.

95..

5,650.. .24,630... .22,260....

89.

19,310..

73.

.14,320.

S...

69.

.185.

49.

NO OF PERSONS PER FLOOR.

PERCENT-

AGE.

.6.9...... .8.8.

6 nearly.

•94

Chief European

*42

.་

Quarter.

7.6.

•58

7.1.

+42

.6·6...

•46

5.2.

6.9.

.33

་་

.9.0....

*73

.5.7....

•38 ""

10.

.20,900...

.25,080. ..12,970........

44 cases.

Hung-hom, Yau-ma-ti, ......113 Tai-kok-tsui,............ 15 Mong-kok-tsui,... 20 Tsim-sha-tsui, 21

...

Aberdeen,.

.16 cases.

Shau-ki-wan, ......21

Stanley,

Harbour, .........68

New Territory, ...10

Unknown (no fixed abode),...... 7

141

On looking into this table one sees that the districts in which the highest percentages of the people were attacked by Plague are No. II and No. IX Health Districts with a percentage of 94 and 73 respectively. These two districts also shew the highest number of persons per floor in Chinese dwelling-houses.

No. I Health District shews the next highest figure for the percentage of population attacked, namely, 6. It also shews that there are 6.9 persons per floor in this locality.

No. IV Health District has the next highest percentage and the third highest figure for persons per floor. Generally speaking it is seen that with a high number of persons per floor a high Plague rate exists. No. VIII Health District is an exception but it is highly probable that in this district especially Plague cases are smuggled away as this district contains most of the rich Chinese business firms The following Table shews the number of persons per acre on built-over areas and the percentage of Plague cases of population in each district :-

Health District.

Persons per acre on

built-over areas.

Cases per cent. of

population.

12 00

107

182

•94

•42

496

-58

832

*42

717

465

•51

455

•33

573

•73

128

The worst district for Plague is now seen not to be that one where the surface crowding is most acute. In No. V Health District the surface crowding is more than quadruple what it is in No. II Health District but the Plague cases per cent. of the population are less than half that in No. II Health District.

The houses in No. II Health District are generally smaller than those in the central District. The same thing is found also in No. IX Health District. But although the floors of these two districts are generally smaller than those of the Central District yet they have a higher number of tenants per floor. It is evident that in these two districts therefore there is true overcrowding. This is not to be wondered at as in these two districts the houses are cheaper than in the central portion of the City. It might be supposed that a tendency to overcrowd would send up the rent but it is a well known fact in longkong that in the native houses of the City many more find shelter than the landlords of the houses know of.

This matter of overcrowding is an extremely difficult one to deal with, it having been found by experience that endeavours to reduce it in one district only increase it in neighbouring districts.

It may perhaps be as well to define overcrowding at this point. Strictly speaking overcrowding has only an indirect relation to cubic capacity. An over- crowded house is one in which there are too many people for the amount of fresh air passing through the house per hour. A building with its windows shut will be overcrowded before a building well ventilated. The accepted standard of 1,000 cubic feet per head is merely arrived at because air can in houses of a temperate climate be changed three times an hour without draught, 3,000 cubic feet of fresh air

per hour being the amount required by each adult to maintain health.

In a warm climate air may be changed more quickly in a room without caus- ing draught and so less space per head would suffice.

But every one who has seen the houses of the Chinese in Hongkong must be struck with the fact that efficient ventilation is impossible. There are no fire-places, the rooms are long and narrow, the window at the front obstructel by verandahs. Streets are narrow, back lanes and yards are worse. The situation of the City itself tends to accentuate this state of things.

In dealing with the meteorological data I have pointed out that Plague began in the cold season. It is just at that time that the ventilation of rooms would be at its very worst or in other words that the overcrowding would be most acute.

142

I am inclined to think that this overcrowding with its vitiation of the atmosphere of rooms and the intimate personal contact which is a result of such overcrowding, is probably the greatest factor in the spreading of a Plague epidemic.

I have, &c.,

WILFRID WM. PEARSE, M.B., D.P.H., ABERDEEN,

Acting Medical Officer of Health.

List of Appendices.

1. Occupations of Plague cases.

2. List of Plague cases arranged in Districts and Streets for Hongkong and Kowloon,

3. List of obstructed lanes in which Plague has occurred.

4. Staff.

Appendix 1.

Occupations.

Messengers,.

...

Contractor,

The following is a list of the various occupations of the Plague infected per- In the majority of cases no information can be gathered as to the nature of their employment :-

sons.

Cooks, Barbers,

...

Sewing Women,

...

Brought forward, Seamen, Married Women,.

...

166

...

Painters,

•

...

Labourers,

Engineers, Tailors.

...

House Coolies,

Disinfecting Coolies,

...

Rickshah,

Scavenging

Punkah

Office

Carpenters,

Fitters,...

Mafoo,

...

* 0 00 01 Jul Junaed CO 09 10

Bamboo splitters,

...

Printer, Butcher,

...

Box-maker, Blacksmith,

...

Rice-pounder,

Interpreter, Servant Boys, Shop Shop Coolies,

Merchants, Prostitutes,

Hawkers,

Bricklayers,

...

Godown-keepers,...

Policemen,

...

Police Inspector,...

Sanitary Inspectors,

School Teacher,

...

Amahs,

Lighterman,

Mason,...

...

~ 1∞∞I 10 0 20 10 10 N

...

Gaol Wanders,

Chinese Doctor,

...

Pea-nut Sheller,

...

Bodies dumped,

...

433

Children unknown,

...

Others

544

...

Total, ...1,363

Hospital Nurses,

Boatmen,

School Boys,

...

Latrine Caretaker,

Servant Girls,

...

Stone-breaker,

Scaffolder, Watchmen, Apprentices, Prisoners,

Clerks,...

...

Rat-catchers,

Quartermaster,

Fortune-teller,

...

•

...

Carried forrard, ... 166

Date.

143

Address.

Date.

Address.

ABERDEEN STREET.

4th April,

No. 29.

16th

26.

18th

Found inside the gate of Alice Memorial Hospl.:

18th

No. 38.

20th

25th

26th

20A.

20.

53.

10th May, 16th 16th 16th June, 7th July,

1st May,

6th

Found opposite No. 57.

No. 18.

8th

12th

41. 22.

20th

23rd

25th

31st

Found opposite No. 58.

No. 51.

44. ""

Found opposite No. 42.

26th April,

57.

3rd May, 22nd 25th

9th June,

24th

5th June,

44.

8th

in street.

20th

near No. 57.

23rd Mar,

6th April,

BRIDGES STREET,—Continued.

No. 66.

No. 26.

Found opposite No. 8.

BELCHER'S STREET.

Found near No. 10. Found Hillside.

Found near Belcher's Fort.

Found Hillside. Found opposite No. 20. No. 7.

CAINE ROAD.

No. 20.

· Found opposite No. 14.

56.

28.

10th

28.

ALBANY STREET.

25th

28.

ร

25th

28.

20th 21st

15th May, 26th 29th

دو

11th June,

19.

21.

ALGAR COURT.

13th April,

Found opposite No. 1.

No. 21.

No. 15. 11.

28th 13th June, 2nd July, 27th

20th May, Found Junction of Seymour Road.

Found opposite No. 40.

No. 5.

28.

13th April, 8th June,

23rd April,

Found in street.

16th June, Found near No. 330 Queen's Rd. W.

26th

336

5th May,

AMOY LANE.

14th

23rd

27th Feb., 24th Mar.,

No. 2.

23rd

17.

23rd

24th

BELILIOS TERRACE.

27th

11th June,

2nd

No. 5.

11th

25th

BONHAM ROAD.

16th May, 8th June,

Found below Gas lamp 276.

Union College.

4th May,

15th

Found near No. 12.

BONHAM STRAND.

30th Mar.. 15th April, 28th

No. 64. 2. Found opposite No. 45.

10th May, 2nd June,

CONDUIT ROAD.

St. Enogat.

No. 2.

CENTRE STREET.

No. 36.

Found opposite No. 32.

No. 18.

22. 22.

32.

Found opposite No. 38.

No. 28.

20.

Found near No. 54.

CHATER STREET.

No. 4 Godown, back of.

CHINESE STREET.

No. 11.

10.

CHUNG CHING STREET.

BOWRINGTON ROAD.

23rd April,

24th May,

Found near No. 380.

No. 13.

12th May,

Found Bowrington Wharf.

BRIDGES STREET.,

21st May, 25th

وو

2nd Mar..

No. 1.

24th

40.

รร

21st April,

HOR

CHUNG WO LANE.

No. 7. 22.

CIRCULAR PATHWAY.

5th May,

42.

26th April,

No. 26.

Date.

144

Address.

CIRCULAR PATHWAY,-Contd.

Date.

4th May, 17th 24th

Found opposite No. 1.

25th May, 1st June,

27.

4th

3rd June,

No. 22.

9th

5th

18.

23rd 23rd

14th Mar..

CLEVERLY STREET.

Found near No. 11.

COCHRANE STREET.

12th Mar., 13th

26th Mar., 28th

No. 41.

4th April,

35.

11th

2nd April,

48.

20th

21st

44.

20th

21st

38.

23rd

2nd May,

50.

4th

12th

Found opposite No. 11.

No. 52.

18th

14.

Address.

CONNAUGHT ROAD CENTRAL,-Cont.

Found opposite No. 55. Found Launch Wharf. Found at.

Found junction of Hillier Street. Fd. opposite the Yaumati Wharf. Found near Wing Chai Wharf.

D'AGUILAR STREET.

Found at door of No. 60. Found opposite No. 60.

No. 10.

42.

15.

Found opposite No. 8.

21st Mar.,

9th April,

CROSS LANE.

Found near Government Store.

Found at entrance to.

CROSS STREET.

19th June,

9th April, 11th May, 18th

EAST STREET.

Found opposite No. 26.

near

No. 50.

35.

ELGIN STREET.

16th April,

No. 11.

4th April, 29th

No. 23.

31.

17th 21st

Found opposite Nos. 14 & 16.

6th May,

No. 2.

12th

24th

3rd May,

24. 2.

13th

31.

Found opposite No. 47.

No. 19.

26th

.""

4th

12th

Found opposite No. 14. No. 2 (vacant house).

28th

25th

No. 23.

CONNAUGHT ROAD WEST.

1st June, 2nd 13th July,

29.

34.

9th Mar.,

Found in Godown No. 158.

6th May, 26th 28th

near No. 80.

Godown No. 28.

31st

Found junction of Western St.

Found opposite No. 20.

12th Mar..

3rd June,

88.

5th

near

159.

20th 23rd 25th April, 27th

Found opposite No. 19.

No. 45.

FIRST STREET.

No. 125.

131.

74.

51.

30.

8th

opposite

8th

Found opp. Godown No. 180.

10th May, 13th

28.

13th

Found opposite No. 70.

16th

121.

24th

107.

25th

27.

CONNAUGHT ROAD CENTRAL.

1st June,

5th Mar.,

Fd. near H.K. & Canton Wharf.

3rd 10th

Found opposite No. 42.

No. 19.

7th

9th

(Found Reclamation near New

Post Office.

11th 14th

103. 8.

70.

3rd July,

46.

19th

2nd April,

3rd

17th

Found Reclamation ground opp.

Central Market.

Found at.

Found on vacant ground opposite

Central Market.

Found near Tung Yik Wharf.

6th

62.

10th

98.

15th

90.

22nd

No. 135.

29th

Canton Wharf.

6th May, 8th

opposite No. 25.

21st June, 26th 16th July,

FUK SAU LANE.

No. 5.

near

21.

17th

21st

23rd

Reclamation ground.

at Canton Wharf.

opposite Chi Kóng Wharf. | 28th April,'

GAGE STREET.

No. 40.

145

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

GAGE STREET.-Contd.

HOLLYWOOD ROAD.-Contd.

3rd June, 5th 22nd July,

Found opposite No. 41. No. 21.

28th Mar.,

No. 145.

2nd April,

17.

Found in front of No. 1A.

2nd

151.

13th

23.

GARDEN ROAD.

14th

100.

15th

143.

1st June, 3rd 3rd

Government Garden Cottage.

17th

246.

From Botanic Garden.

18th

42.

20th

88.

21st

48.

195

GILMAN STREET.

21st

141.

22nd

127.

10th May,

Found near No. 11.

23rd

199.

26th

103.

GLENEALY.

27th

44.

28th

84.

25th Feb.

Found in.

29th

GOUGH STREET.

29th

172. 44.

14th April,

No. 16.

30th

25th

32.

1st May,

Found in alley, back of 155.

No. 72.

11th May,

26.

3rd

14th

Found opposite No. 30.

3rd

25th

No. 45.

4th

72.

149.

46.

1st June, 12th

Found opposite No. 4.

4th

No. 32.

6th

8th

GRAHAM STREET.

11th

Found opposite No. 261. No. 121.

Found opposite Man Mo Temple.

No. 27.

12th

5th May, 8th 14th 6th

No. 54.

18th

54.

18th

31.

220.

78.

Found junction of Gage St. &

20th

No. 16.

20th

22nd

GUTZLAFF STREET.

23rd

3rd May, 1st July,

Found opposite No. 1.

27th

No. 6.

29th

وو

SHEUNG LANE.

4th June, 9th

10th June,

No. 5.

12th 23rd

Found back of No. 208.

Found lying at the side door of 154. No. 11.

Found opposite Man Mo Temple. Found opposite No. 144.

No. 107.

Found opposite No. 23. No. 122.

154.

19.

HIGH STREET.

24th Mar.,

26th April,

No. 24. 3.

14th April, 16th

HOLY INFANT LANE.

No. 3.

18th May,

Found opposite No. 40.

3rd June, 8th 22nd

Found opposite Gas lamp 380.

18th "> 21st

No. 146.

1st July, 13th

71.

27. 18.

21st 23rd 24th

354783.4.

13th June,

HILLIER STREET.

Found opposite No. 49.

HING LUNG STREET.

30th Mar.,

HOSPITAL ROAD.

Found Hillside.

14th April, Found near Gas lamp No. 378.

4th May,

Found in. 20th Found opposite Govt. Civil Hospl. 6th June, Found opposite Gas lamp No. 774.

5th May,

No. 22.

HOLLAND STREET.

HOLLYWOOD ROAD.

27th April,

Found on Hillside, back of.

5th Feb., 9th Mar..

16th 21st

24th

No. 684. 209. 212.

Found opposite No. 13. No. 88.

27th Mar.,

15th April,

I ON LANE.

No. 9. 2.

146

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

16th April, 14th May, 15th

I ON LANE, Contd.

KWAI WA LANE.

No. 11.

28th June, 8th July,

10.

ICE HOUSE STREET.

22nd April,

10th May,

No. 1.

JARDINE'S Bazaar.

1st April,

No. 56.

2nd March, 8th June,

20th 29th

21.

No. 10. 3.

KWONG FUNG LANE.

Found in street.

KWONG YUEN STREET WEST.

No. 5.

Found opposite No. 10.

LAN KWAI FONG.

6th May,

57.

27th April,

No. 1.

IRVING STREET.

LOWER LASCAR ROAD.

16th March,

No. 40.

28th 15th April,

39.

30th April,

24.

20th 21st

2nd May,

33.

26.

12th May, 1st June, 19th

JUBILEE STREET.

18th April, 3rd May,

Found opposite No. 13. No. 1.

23rd March,

11th July,

No. 34. 41.

Found opposite No. 13.

No. 31. 57.

LEIGHTON HILL ROAD.

Found Hillside.

25th April,

Found near latrine at.

KAU U FONG WEST.

12th May, 20th

29th April,

No. 9.

No. 18.

18.

LEUNG I FONG.

KENNEDY ROAD.

30th March,

Found opposite No. 36.

20th May,

29th April, Found on Hillside, East end of.

Found near Chapel.

21st 21st

Matshed.

1st June, 8th

Found in unfinished house.

Found Hillside latrine.

21st April, 16th May, 28th 29th

LI SING STREET.

Found opposite No. 13.

3. 181.

No. 8.

KENNEDY STREET.

27th Feb.,

No. 5.

15th April, 12th May,

KESWICK Street.

LOK HING Lane.

No. 7. 4.

LI YUEN STREET EAST.

23rd April,

No. 18.

25th 26th 27th

10.

23rd May,

No. 18.

13.

LI YUEN STREET WEST.

27th

4th May,

5. 29.

3rd June, 5th

No. 20. 16.

Ki LING LANE.

LUNG ON STREET.

8th June,

Found opposite.

20th April,

No. 4.

KONG ON LANE.

20th May,

No. 2.

LYNDHURST TERRACE.

KENNEDY TOWN.

30th May, 1st June, 12th

No. 26. 4 On Wai Lane West.

Found near No. 44 Praya.

15th May, 21st June,

No. 12. 18.

Found in street.

No. 13.

40.

20th April, 25th 26th

147

Dute.

Address.

Date.

Address.

MCGREGOR STEEET.

NEW STREET,-Cont.

28th 28th

18th March. 23rd April,

Found in Street. No. 2.

38. 16.

19th March, 20th

3rd May, 14th

No. 12.

Found in Street off lane.

Found opposite No. 13.

1st May,

Found opposite No. 35.

22nd

13th

No. 31.

31st

14th

20.

20th

36.

1st June, 6th

28th

20.

17th

19th June,

19.

No. 6.

Found opposite No. 15.

No. 23.

14.

NULLAH LANE.

MAN HING LANE.

19th April,

6th June,

No. 3. 4.

6th April, 15th

No. 8.

61.

16th

17.

25th

80.

MEE LUN LANE.

7th May,

67.

9th

67.

24th April,

14th May,

No. 9. 3.

11th

38.

12th

65.

13th

MERCER STREET.

17th

7th May,

No. 16.

27th 10th June,

MING YAN LANE.

Found near Public latrine.

No. 11.

Found near No. 14. No. 67.

ON WAI LANE.

31st March, 30th April,

30th

No. 4.

25th March, 28th April,

No. 2. 3.

MORRISON HILL.

23rd May,

26th April, 14th May,

Tai Sang Matshed.

Found road leading to.

ON WO LANE.

No. 3.

PEEL STREET.

28th

Found at.

3rd June,

Found behind Cotton Mills.

1st April,

No. 20.

8th

10th July,

Found Hillside. Found back of Cotton Mills.

7th

56A.

26th

56A.

وو

29th

56A.

MORRISON HILL ROAD.

3rd May,

21st

8th June,

21st

No. 14. 14.

25th

嗲暂

9th June, 26th

Found opposite No. 55.

No. 37.

42.

46.

11th July,

27th May,

17th June,

MOSQUE STREET.

Found opposite No. 37. No. 24.

MOON STREET.

17th May, 25th

2nd March, 119th

Found opposite No. 2.

Po HING FONG.

No. 26. Found opposite No. 5.

PO YAN STREET,

Fd. in St. near Tung Wah Hospital. ,, opposite Tung Wah Hospl. gate. Found opposite Po Leung Kuk. Found St. opposite Tung Wah Hospital.

Found side Channel.

Found on road.

Fd. opposite Tung Wah Hospital. Found near entrance of Tung

Wah Hospital.

1st June, Fd. in front of Tung Wah Hospital.

Po Leung Kuk at.

Fd. opposite Tung Wah Hospital.

3rd May, 3rd 9th 11th 18th

No. 17.

15.

13.

"">

6th May,

15th

MOUNT KELLETT.

20th

8th June,

Found at.

22nd

28th

NG FUK LANE.

30th >>

20th April,

No. 1.

3rd

NEW STREET.

3rd

5th Feb.,

Found opposite No. 9.

4th

Date.

148

Address.

Date.

Address.

4th April, 23rd 26th

9th June,

POKFULAM ROAD.

Found at.

Hang Fong" Flower Garden.

Found near stable.

No. 31A.

PRAYA EAST,--Contd.

13th May,

14th

19th

12th

15.

25th

POSSESSION STREET.

28th

8th June,

11th May, 12th

Found in.

8th

No. 131. Found opposite Hotel.

No. 16.

23. Found near 104.

Found outside Government Store.

Found wandering in street.

No. 123.

123.

Found junction of Queen's Road.

9th

24th

87.

24.

POTTINGER STREET.

4th April,

No. 2A.

25th

40.

24th March.

25th May,

42.

2nd April,

15th

DES VEUX ROAD Central.

17th

27th

23rd Feb..

Found opposite No. 204.

6th April,

No. 16.

6th May,

DES VEUX ROAD WEST.

Found near No. 355. Found opposite No. 266.

No. 540.

Found near No. 288. Found on Reclamation ground

opposite Gas Company. Found opposite No. 353.

13th 20th

Found opposite No. 138.

8th

near

236.

Found San Ki Matshed.

11th

opposite 289.

22nd

No. 138.

12th

372.

27th

Found on vacant gr. opp. 255.

13th

No. 280.

1st May,

2nd

4th

5th

7th

19th

Found opposite No. 130.

Found on Reclamation gr.

Found on vacant gr. opposite 130.15th Kang On matshed opp. H. K. H. 27th Found opposite Wing Wo Street. Found oppposite No. 178.

14th

386.

14th

230.

336.

29th

299.

31st

510.

20th

Found behind Circus Matshed.

4th June,

Found near 320.

22nd

Found on Reclamation gr.

5th

No. 319.

25th

Found near No. 22.

6th

321.

29th

Found opposite No. 254.

9th

30th

San Kee Matshed

9th

3rd June,

8th

No. 49. 55.

9th

16th

8th

Found opposite No. 92.

22nd

7th July,

Found King Kee Matshed.

6th July,

8th

PRAYA EAST.

29th

30th

Found opposite No. 243.

No. 392.

Found at.

Found opposite 190.

Found near No. 365.

No. 526.

Found near No. 278. No. 299.

QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL.

600.

23rd Feb,

5th March,

وو

10th

12th

19th

1st April,

6th

7th

8th

10th

14th

No. 6. 6. 6.

Found door of No. 6.

Found back of Govt. Store.

Near No. 2 Police Station.

115.

Found opposite Hotel.

Found opposite Blue Buildings.

6th Feb.,

12th March,

14th April,

No. 115.

17th

2nd June,

18th

No. 51.

8th

18th

79.

10th

25th

64.

26th

Found opposite No. 43.

26th

No. 62.

27th

28th

30th

1st May,

4th

5th

8th

Found opposite No. 21.

Found in front of No. 66.

Found foreshore opposite No. 37. Found behind Government Store.

Found opposite No. 25.

No. 129.

Found on vacant gr. opposite. No. 16.

16.

5th Feb., 6th

153.

3rd Mar.,

99.

6th 11th 19th 19th

161.

Found opposite No. 131.

No. 191.

27.

13th May,

Servants' quarters at rear of

Connaught House.

No. 11, Western Market. Found opposite No. 263. Stag Hotel at. Hongkong Hotel.

Found lying opposite No. 265.

QUEEN'S ROAD EAST.

No. 162.

No. 285.

109.

302.

264.

3rd April, Found at door of French Convent.

Date.

149

Address.

Date.

Address.

QUEEN'S ROAD WEST,-Contd.

4th

18th

20th

22nd

25th

3rd April, 3rd

QUEEN'S ROAD EAST,-Contd.

No. 110.

No. 110. Found opposite 79.

21st June, Found in urinal at West: Market.

25th

No. 68.

27th

No. 7 Police Station at.

1A.

No. 90. 136.

1st July, 10th

No. 323.

124.

22nd

343.

Found opposite French Convent.

No. 25A.

QUEEN'S BUILDINGS.

25th

27th

30th

1st May,

2nd

3rd

90.

188.

114.

164.

114.

80.

20th May,

No. 3.

7th

8th

No. 245.

16th

17th

20th

No. 174.

14th May,

Fd.at the junction of Tai Wong St. 4th June,

French Convent at.

Fd. Lane W. side of French Con.

8th

6th July,

REINAECKER STREET.

No. 18. 2.

19.

RIPON TERRACE.

23rd

215.

25th

188.

25th

190.

6th June,

187.

8th

249.

8th

235.

8th

60.

14th 20th 22nd

188.

106.

2nd Mar.,

Found opposite No. 5.

3rd April, 8th June,

RUTTER STREET.

No. 13. 14.

RUTTER STREET, UPPER.

9th Feb.

Found near Government School.

QUEEN'S ROAD WEST.

No. 530.

9th Feb.,

4th June,

6th

17th

23rd Fd: opposite No. 7 Police Station. 6th July,

No. 5.

Found opposite No. 6.

7th

9th

11th

13th

* 1st April, 22nd 27th

Gas Works.

near No. 104.

1st May,

No. 540. 261.

Found opposite 159.

No. 161.

Found opposite 117. Found near No. 333.

No. 72.

ST. FRANCIS STREET.

21st May, 30th

ST. Francis Convent.

وو

1st June, 19th

14th

200.

15th

Found opposite 264.

17th

198.

وو

17th

254.

21st

22nd

24th

25th

No. 263.

25th

26th

27th

29th

1st June,

No. 604. 389.

1st

3rd

228.

5th

8th

Found near No. 7 Police Station.

No. 382.

Found near Belcher's Fort. No. 7 Police Station at.

Servants Qrs. Govt. Civil Hospl.

Sailors' Home.

Servants Qrs. Govt. Civil Hospl. 30th June,

Government Civil Hospital.

Found opposite 262.

No. 7 Police Station.

No. 378.

45A.

ST. FRANCIS YARD.

No. 12. 10.

SAI WO LANE.

No. 19.

Found opposite Steps of.

SAI YUEN LANE.

Fd, near 372 Des Voeux Rd. W.

SAU WA FONG.

Found opposite No. 1.

SECOND STREET.

10th May,

3rd June,

19th May,

6th June,

3rd April,

8th

Found opposite No. 143.

8th

No. 55.

30th Mar., 30th April, 2nd May,

Found opposite No. 2. No. 44.

15th

247.

4th

17th

18th

Nurses' Qrs. Govt. Civil Hospl. No. 112.

9th

40.

13th

86.

150

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

SECOND STREET,--Contd.

SHIP STREET,-Contd.

14th May,

No. 120.

4th May,

14th

76.

5th

16th

76.

25th

Found near No. 52.

No. 2.

13.

20th

80.

9th June,

20th 22nd

74.

15th July,

23.

61.

27th

73.

27th

140.

31st

122.

6th June,

56.

4th April, 20th May,

6th

71.

6th

SPRING GARDEN LANE.

Found outside store. Found at.

SQUARE STREET.

9th

128.

10th

128.

16th Feb.,

6th July,

109.

30th April,

Found opposite No. 6. No. 22.

6th 16th

109.

30th

107.

2nd May, 9th

Found opposite No. 25.

No. 15.

SHAN PIN LANE.

19th

31.

19th

31.

20th July,

No. 10.

22nd

14.

24th

35.

9th Mar., 25th

25th May,

12th June,

SHAU KI WAN ROAD.

Found back of Nos. 13 & 14. Fd. hillside near Oil Stores.

1st June,

20.

3rd

10.

21st

24.

22nd July,

Found between 18 and 20.

No. 25.

28.

STANLEY STREET.

No. 34.

SHELLY STREET.

30th March,

6th April,

2nd June,

Mahomedan Church.

5th May,

16th

24.

45.

68.

SHEUNG FUNG LANE.

19th

20th

Found in staircase of No. 52.

No. 58.

18th April, 24th 24th

No. 21.

20th

16.

6th May,

7th

12th

21st March.

13th

23rd

13th

17.

25th

15th

19th

30th April, 3rd May, 28th

4ih June,

STATION STREET UPPER.

No. 9.

Found opposite No. 32.

No. 13.

31.

24.

Found opposite No. 16.

SHING HING STREET.

7th May,

No. 7.

SHIT HING LANE.

26th April, 26th

STAUNTON STREET.

Found near No. 20.

3rd May,

68.

No. 72.

27th Mar.,

16th June,

No. 10. 1.

19th

6th July,

12.

20th 30th

6th June,

SHING WONG STREET.

8th

9th

18th Mar.,

27th April,

Found in Street. No. 4.

7th

4th May, 8th June, 24th July,

Found opposite No. 1.

Fd. junct. of Shing Wong St.

Found opposite No. 74. No. 53.

Found opposite No. 42.

No. 54.

52.

STAVELY STREET.

No. 3.

SHIP STREET.

18th March, 25th May, 10th July,

Found on footpath at 7.

Found opposite No. 2.

2nd Feb., Found on waste ground at back of.

Found by latrine top of.

15th April,

27th March,

STONE CUTTER'S LANE.

No. 3.

151

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

SUNG HING LANE.

TAK SING LANE.-Contd.

13th July,

No. 9.

14th June, 14th

No. 6.

SUN WAI LANE.

16th Mar.,

11th May,

No. 4. 2.

24th

24.

3rd May, 5th

25th

SUTHERLAND STREET.

20th May, Fd. junct. of Des Voeux Rd. W.

11th June,

Found opposite No. 4.

TANK LANE.

Found opposite 9. Found at.

Found near No. 306.

THIRD STREET.

21st Feb.,

No. 57.

9th March,

51.

SWATOW LANE.

10th

53.

10th

51.

3rd Mar.,

Found back of No. 18.

16th

37.

6th 16th 18th

Found entrance to. Found opposite No. 18.

19th

85.

23rd

Found between Amoy Lane and.

26th

30th

TAI PING SHAN STREET.

31st

1st April,

21st June, 20th 27th 20th April, 3rd May,

Found opposite No. 23.

No. 8. 8.

4th

6th

Found opposite No. 98.

Found opposite Basel Mission.

No. 83.

Found in front of Haka Church.

No. 64.

89.

20th

Found on vacant ground.

21st

6th 23rd

No." 1.

24th

35.

69.

71.

68A.

32.

127th

26th May,

4th May,

9th 14th

5th June,

Found opposite No. 7.

14.

4th

Found opposite No. 13.

No. 38.

62.

وو

6th

68.

18.

11th

15th

TAI WO STREET.

16th

23rd

14th Mar.,

Found opposite No. 25.

24th

Found near No. 1.

No. 32B.

32A.

Found near No. 13.

No. 36.

16th

No. 28.

25th

42.

20th

28.

26th

67.

15th April,

14.

30th

127.

18th

13.

31st

94.

25th

10.

1st June,

103.

28th

3rd

23.

4th May,

16.

4th

82.

14th

Found outside No. 15.

4th

10.

17th

No. 23.

4th

40.

•

21st

15.

8th

110.

21st

Found opposite No. 1.

9th

Found opposite No. 200.

1st June, 6th July,

25.

13th

No.

60.

No. 5.

16th

وو

دو

30.

18th

99.

TAI WONG LANE.

19th

52.

29th

50.

3rd April,

No. 16.

10th May, 25th

4. 7.

30th

1st July,

113.

129.

THIRD LANE.

22nd May, 4th June, 28th July,

TAI WONG STREET.

No. 16. 15.

28th May,

No. 3.

TRIANGLE STREET.

23.

21st May,

TAK SING LANE.

No. 11.

TORSEEN STREET,

9th April, 22nd

No. 1.

19th March,

Found opposite No. 2.

4th May,

14th May,

No. 4.

152

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

TORSEEN STREET,-Contd.

UN Woo LANE.

2nd June, 20th

No. 3. Found near No. 6.

11th April,

No. 1.

WA IN FONG. EAST.

TSUI LUNG LANE.

22nd April,

No. 14.

3rd April, 24th May, 27th

No. 1.

1st May,

TSUI IN LANE.

WA IN FONG, WEST.

No. 5.

WATER STREET,

19th April,

Found opposite No. 4.

1st July,

Found at back of 62 Queen's

Road, East.

27th April,

Found opposite No. 10.

WAI TAK LANE.

TSUN HING LANE.

28th Feb.,

7th May,

No. 1.

No. 6.

WANCHAI ROAD.

TSUNG SAU LANE, EAST.

1st June,

No. 10.

29th March, 3rd April, 3rd

No. 25.

TSUNG FUK LANE.

16th

20.

Found in front of 55.

No. 7.

17th

6th April,

Found near No. 1.

18th

21st

24.

77.

66.

TSUNG SAU LANE, WEST.

21st

29th

2nd July,

No. 6.

30th

20th May,

Tsz MI ALLEY.

25th

27th

21st May,

Found near No. 2.

30th

8th June,

Tsz SING STREET.

11th

6th July,

13th April,

No. 2.

6th

TUNG MAN LANE.

5th March.

10th May, 27th

No. 5. Found opposite.

4th Feb., 9th April,

Found opposite 41.

No. 18.

Found near No. 2 Police Station.

No. 50.

Found near the Chapel.

No. 46.

Sikh Church. No. 44.

97.

Found opposite No. 6.

Found in street.

WELLINGTON STREET.

No. 24.

50.

No. 14.

16th

122.

U LOK LANE.

18th 22nd 11th May,

89.

46.

128.

15th April,

Found opposite No. 2.

20th

89.

17th May,

No. 12.

21st

17th

3rd June,

15. 9.

26th

27th

10th Juno,

UI HING LANE.

6th March, 26th April,

No. 27.

28.

30th March,

29th

26.

9th May,

13th May,

17.

10th

17th July,

32.

14th

UI LUNG LANE.

19th 21st

1st May,

No. 5.

UN SHING LANE.

16th April,

24th May,

No. 5.

35.

Found opposite No. 126.

No. 35.

77.

WEST STREET.

No. 50.

53.

Found opposite No. 43. Found back of No. 14. No. 44.

44.

WESTERN STREET.

Found opposite No. 25.

12th May, Fd: Junction of Connaught Rd. &

19th 19th

No. 13.

13.

153

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

WESTERN STREET,—Contd.

Wo FUNG STREET.

23rd May,

Found opposite No. 7.

15th June,

Found on steps of.

3rd May, 10th June,

Found opposite No. 3.

وو

8th July,

17th

Found near No. 5. No. 16.

WING FUNG STREET.

21st Jan.,

No. 40.

24th

18.

1st April, 11th June, 16th 19th

WO ON LANE.

No. 15. 8.

12.

11.

4th March,

30th

8th April,

20.

16th May,

5th June,

29.

وو

25th Feby., 26th April, 27th

WYNDHAM STREET.

Found opposite No. 23.

No. 79.

WING KAT STREET.

26th May,

75.

43.

3rd May,

No. 34.

YAN SHAU LANE.

WING LOK LANE.

27th Feby.,

No. 3.

4th April,

Found entrance of.

YAT FOO LANE.

13th 13th

No. 3.

12th June,

1. 3.

3rd May,

No. 9.

YEE WO STREET.

30th March,

2nd April, 25th

18th May, 1st July,

WING LOK STREET.

Found opposite No. 31. No. 11.

Fd: Junction of Des Voeux Rd. & 28th

Found opposite No. 157.

25.

WING ON STREET.

11th June,

18.

14th

24th

30th July,

No. 26.

WING SHING STREET.

23rd April,

No. 15.

30th March, 4th April,

Found opposite No. 15. Found near No. 14.

Found near Ice Factory. Found opposite No. 14 on vacant ground.

No. 38.

CAROLINE HILL ROAD.

No. 6.

10.

WING WAH LANE.

6th 18th

15th May,

No. 20.

4th May, 7th

Found hillside at

5th March, 1st May, 20th

No. 39.

Found on vacant ground by.

HUNGHOM DISTRICT.

Date.

Address.

Date.

MARKET STREET.

5th March,

No. 37.

9th April,

60.

9th July,

22nd

19th May,

173.

DES Vœux ROAD.

Address.

DES VEUX ROAD,-Contd.

No. 8.

14.

BULKELEY STREET.

10th May, 19th

3rd June, 12th

No. 44.

Found hillside back of No. 5.

3rd April, 22nd June,

No. 101.

Found back of No. 42.

No. 56.

4th July, 5th

Found near Electric Works.

PRAYA.

No. 32. 6.

3rd July,

Found in a Matshed at.

154

HUNGHOM DISTRICT,-Continued.

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

SHEUNG ON LANE.

PUBLIC LATRINE.

4th June,

Found at.

KOWLOON CITY ROAD.

13th June,

24th June, 28th 29th

Found behind No. 46. No. 81.

10th June, 12th

No. 95 Hok Un.

To KWA WAN.

4th May, 17th

Found Hillside at.

19th May, 23rd

3rd June,

Found in.

GILLIES AVENUE.

Found Vacant Ground in Found in a Latrine at.

HILLSIDE.

Found on.

Found near Gun Club Hill.

Found on.

8th 9th

Found on.

11th June, 4th July,

29th April,

1st April, 5th May, 12th June,

MA TAU Kок.

Unnumbered house at.

Lo LUNG HANG.

No. 5. 14. 8.

UN CHAU VILLAGE.

27th Feby., 2nd March, 22nd May, 22nd 26th 16th July,

Found on.

FORESHORE.

Found near Cattle Depôt. Found near Hunghom West. Found near Tai Wan Village. Found near Tai Wan Village. Found on.

Fd: near Bismark's Coal Depôt.

BOAT.

Found in unnumbered boat. Found in a boat off Hunghom.

9th April,

13th May,

Found in a ditch at.

30th June,

YAU-MA-TI DISTRICT.

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

STATION STREET, NORTH.

TEMPLE STREET, NORTH.

16th Feb.,

3rd April, 4th 29th

No. 15.

30th March,

No. 24.

36.

55.

30th 31st

Found at.

31st

12th 16th 22nd

10th May,

Found vacant ground near

Pumping Station.

No. 3.

16th April,

24.

2nd May, 8th

24th

58.

52.

81.

18th 15th

16th

25th

Found near Pumping Station.

17th

27th

No. 13.

22nd

1. 41.

39.

32.

Found behind No. 58.

Found behind Tin Hau Temple at.

No.

30th

Found near Pumping Station.

23rd

9th June,

No. 80.

25th

14th

76.

28th

17th

Found nullah opposite Pump- 29th

ing Station.

15th July,

22nd

No. 136.

Found foreshore off Pumping

Station.

22nd May,

Found near Tin Hau Temple at.

Found at.

Found near Tin Hau Temple at. No. 29.

TEMPLE STREET, SOUTH.

No. 39.

16th June,

STATION STREET, SOUTH.

24th July,

51. 33.

28th April, 21st May, 26th

5th June,

Gas Company.

MARKET STREET.

Found back of No. 26.

No. 76,

25th May,

Found at.

107.

5th 22nd 22nd

107.

RECLAMATION STREET.

Found foreshore near Gas Co.

No. 95.

3rd April,

No. 212.

155

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

RECLAMATION STREET,-Contd.

KUN CHUNG.

24th April, 26th

No. 178.

16th March,

200.

17th May,

Found Matshed at. Found Vacant Ground at.

25th May,

190.

19th June,

16th July,

Found Hillside at. No. 6.

27th

9th June,

10th

12th

23rd

27th

4th July,

9th

15th

25th May, 25th 26th

Found at.

10th April,

3rd June, 16th July,

No. 34. Found opposite No. 42. Found opposite No. 22.

118th

14th June,

16th 23rd

MACDONNELL ROAD.

25th May,

Found at.

KENNEDY STREET.

22nd May,

Found opposite No. 44.

No. 154.

Found foreshore opposite No. 1.

No. 124.

Found footpath near No. 76.

No. 140.

40.

21.

ཏུ༡

150.

BATTERY STREET,

Found foreshore near.

HILLSIDE.

30th March, Fd: on back of Po Hing Theatre. Fd: on back of Yaumati Villege.

22nd May, 22nd

1st June, 2nd 28th July,

وو

Fd: on back of Po Hing Theatre. Fd: on back of Temple St., South. Found on, near Gas Works.

SHAM SHUI PO.

Found near Harbour Office at. Found behind No. 180.

Found in street. Found Hillside at. Found foreshore at.

UN CHAU VILLAGE.

Found near.

CHEUNG SHA WAN.

30th May,

No. 5.

SOY STREET.

16th May, 18th

Found foreshore at.

29th

No. 2.

23rd June,

Found vacant ground at.

30th

Found foreshore at.

FUK SHING LANE.

1st June, 11th

6th July,

No. 8.

TAI WAN.

DISINFECTING STATION (Y.)

28th May, 30th

Found foreshore at.

30th June,

Coolie Quarters at.

1st June,

RECLAMATION GROUND.

YAUMATI.

6th May, 28th 30th

Found near Pumping Station on. Found near Government Wharf at. Found on.

16th March,

8th May,

15th

HILL STREET.

17th

14th May,

No. 35.

21st

24th

PRAYA.

25th

30th

22nd May,

Found near Coal Yard at.

14th June, 16th

TUK TSUN HEUNG.

25th May,

Found at.

3rd July, 5th

Found in street.

Found roadside near Quarry.

Police Station at.

Found Rifle Range at.

Found at.

Found at Ma Chau Ti.

From Yaumati.

Found in unnumbered houses at.

Found in Matshed at Sai Kok. Found in No. 1 Water Valley.

Fd: foreshore West end of Second

Street.

156

TAI KOK TSUI.

Date.

Address.

KRAMER STREET.

Date.

Address.

4th Feb., 12th March,

6th Feb., 20th May,

No. 81. 131.

9th June,

FORESHORE,-Contd.

Found on.

Found behind No. 1.

HUNG SING TEMPLE.

No. 11.

19th May,

Found back of.

RECLAMATION GROUND.

BOAT.

14th March,

Found on.

19th June,

20th May,

Found in unlicensed boat.

HILLSIDE.

COSMOPOLITAN DOCK.

15th March,

Found on.

21st May,

Found at.

3rd June,

21st June,

TAI KOK TSUI.

FORESHORE.

26th May,

25th May,

Found on.

Found at.

11th June, Fd: between Fuk Tsün Heung and.

Date..

16th Jany. 24th March, 18th June,

4th Feby.,

6th Feby., 26th April, 6th May, 9th June,

MONG KOK TSUI.

Address.

TSIM TSA TSUI.

Date.

Address.

RECLAMATION GROUND..

Found on.

RECLAMATION STREET.

No. 2.

MONG KOK TSUI.

Found in street. Found opposite No. 30. Found Inland Lot 2155. Found on Vacant Ground.

STATION STREET.

6th Feb.,

23rd March, 13th May, 24th

1st June, 8th

30th April, 10th May, 23rd

KOWLOON GODOWN.

Found in No. 1.

WATER POLICE STATION.

Water Police Station.

AUSTIN ROAD.

No. 18.

8. 28.

MACDONNELL ROAD.

30th March,

10th April,

No. 22. 51.

3rd May, 15th 18th

No. 84.

3. 98.

24th

Found opposite No. 34.

21st 23rd

1st May,

Found opposite No. 34.

27th

9th June,

No. 221.

12.

22nd May,

11th

227.

14th

130.

26th

Found back of.

HILL STREET.

3rd May, 27th

38.

108.

ROBINSON ROAD.

Found junction of Austin

Road and.

FORESHORE.

Found on.

PUNJAUB LANE,

31st March,

No. 132.

PITT STREET.

29th May, 3rd June,

No. 51. Mahomedan Church.

ELGIN ROAD.

1st June,

No. 36.

UNION STREET.

21st June,

No. 59.

PRAYA.

22nd July,

Found near No. 90.

13th July,

Found Matshed at.

157

SHAUKIWAN.

Date.

Address.

21st March, 19th May, 29th

3rd June,

27th

SHUI CHING WAN.

Found at.

Found Ming Kee Matshed at. Found Wong Yee Kee Matshed at. Found Ying Wo Matshed at. Found No. 8 Yee Kee Matshed at.

TSAT TZE MUI.

10th May,

19th

20th

26th

29th

Found in a hut at.

No. 31 Station Street Lower at.

No. 29.

12.

QUARRY BAY.

STANLEY.

Date.

Address.

STANLEY.

4th June,

4th

5th

8th

Sth

Date.

19th May, 29th

No. 2 Bridges Row at. Found foreshore at.

26th May,

27th

2nd June,

Found Matshed at.

15th June,

4th

12th

21st

24th 25th

No. 49.

17th

30.

36. 1.

17th 25th

Stanley Police Station.

No. 1 Tai Tam. Stanley Police Station. Tytam.

Stanley Police Station.

NEW TERRITORY.

Address.

KOWLOON CITY.

Fd: opp: No. 88 Tung Tau Village. Found opposite No. 71. No. 42 Sha Poo Village. Kwan Tai Temple in Nam Mun of. No. 29 Sha Poo Village at. Fd: Vacant Grd: Hai Street.

SHA TAU KOK.

Police Station. Do.

17th June,

No. 25 Bridges Row.

SAI ON FONG.

No. 17.

HILLSIDE.

30th May, 8th June,

SAI KUNG.

29th May,

Police Station.

19th May,

ABERDEEN.

Found.

3rd June,

ZOO KONG.

Found foreshore.

SHANG ON LANE.

Date.

Address.

3rd June,

No. 5.

PAK SHA Wan Bay,

DEEP WATER BAY.

8th June,

Found at.

20th April, 20th

Coolie Quarters, Brick Works.

2nd May, 4th June,

Do. Do.

Found at.

THE HARBOUR.

ABERDEEN.

23rd April, 13th May, 16th

No. 58.

Date.

$8.

90.

16th

90.

Address.

HARBOUR.

16th

81.

17th

57.

28th Feby. Fd: floating in Victoria Harbour.

26th 27th

25.

25th April,

19.

11th June,

78.

24th

25.

11th May, 19th 23rd

པ་

at Ya Mua Ti

28th July, Fd: roadside near Paper Mill at. 29th

at Kowloon

PEAK ROAD.

1st June, 8th 12th

وو

16th June,

Found in a Matshed at.

25th July,

,, at Tsim Sha Tsui

158

THE HARBOUR,-- Continued.

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

BAY.

3rd May, Found on rock in Yaumati Bay. 20th June,

STEAM SHITS.--Contd.

S.S.Ballaarat.”

3rd

Found opp: Tai Wan in Kowloon. 20th

20th

BUOY.

20th

•

21st

14th May, 14th 23rd

Found on Man-of-War buoy.

21st

Found on No. 7 Buoy. 21st

24th June, Fd:on buoy near Canton Wharf. 22nd

STEAM LAUNCH.

22nd

26th

1st April,

'Fung Tai."

30th 29th July,

24th March,

1st May,

"Anping Maru."

H.M.S. "Espeigle."

S.S. "Kwong Chow."

"Tsintsin."

BOATS.

No. 133 Cargo Boat.

No. 1111 Boat. No. 12690 Fishing Boat. Unnumbered Sampan.

Boat.

No. 3778 Boat. No. 5034 Fishing Boat. Unnumbered Boat.

Unnumbered Rowing Boat. No. 3655 Boat. Unnumbered Boat. No. 5924 Rowing Boat. Unnumbered Boat.

4th March, 12th

STEAM SHIPS.

S.S. "Kwai Yang."

"Fat Shan.

1st April, 13th 24th

"Hyadas."

"Sze Yap."

4th

"Kwong Chow."

11th.

30th May,

"Kin Sing."

14th

11th

"Maidziumi Maru."

16th

28th

"Heathdene."

25th

8th June,

“Valetta.”

26th

8th

H.M.S. "Ocean."

27th

9th

29th

9th

9th June,

9th

ร

9th

15th

S.S. "Roseta Maru."

10th 11th

17th

20th

"Han Kow." "Ballaarat."

10th July,

14th

20th

24th

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

30th March,

Sent to Hospital by Central

3rd June,

From Victoria Gaol.

Police Station.

3rd

Do.

31st

3rd April,

Do. Do.

3rd

Do.

3rd

Do.

2nd May, Quarters, Central Police Station.

3rd

Do.

14th

Do. Do.

4th 9th

Do.

20th

In Cell, Central Police Station.

29th

9th July, 25th March,

Do.

Govt. House (Coolie Quarters).

1st June, Quarters, Central Police Station. 3rd June,

8th June,

9th

Gevernment Lunatic Asylum.

Do.

General Post Office.

Murray Barracks.

Do.

Found at Murray Road,

Quarter, Kennedy Town Hospital.

Do.

From Nethersole Hospital.

East Point.

No. 1 College Gardens. Jardine's Kerosine Godown.

Yuen Loong Matshed at Peak.

Fd: foreshore off East Point Battery.

25th April, Fd: opposite Latrine at Hill Road.

1st

Do.

20th

3rd

Do.

4th

3rd 16th

Do.

5th

Do.

8th

21st

Do.

8th

25th April,

From Victoria Gaol.

8th

17th May,

Do.

10th

27th

Do.

3rd May,

29th

Do.

29th

Do.

4th 29th

31st

Do.

29th

31st

Do.

1st June,

Do.

3rd

Do.

159

28th Feby. Found Boat off Kennedy's Stables.

Date.

Address.

Date.

Address.

27th ""

Found at Hill Road near Gas Lamp 775.

2nd June, 8th

Found on Breakwater.

Do.

15th May,

Found West Point.

2nd Mar., 25th

20th

9th May, 10th 22nd

Do.

Disinfecting Station.

Do.

26th March,

No fixed abode.

22nd April,

Do.

15th 6th

20th May, 5th June,

Do.

11th

وو

Inported from Canton.

7th April, 2nd May,

No. 16 So Koon Po. Fd: hillside Wong Nei Chung. Found hillside Coffee Plantation. Do.

Found at Coffee Plantation. Fu: Boat off Kennedy's Stables. 30th April, Fd: near Temple, Tai Hang Village.

No. 16 First Lane, Tai Hang Village. 22nd

Found in a Cottage near Tam | 4th July,

Kung Temple.

3rd

25th

30th

23rd May,

8th June,

Fd: in Matshed behind stable. Found near Kennedy's stables. 39 Tai Hang Village.

No fixed abode.

Do.

27th

5th May,

Do.

8th 30th June,

Do.

Inported from Canton.

LIST OF LANES WITH HOUSES OBSTRUCTING THEIR ENTRANCES (OVER ARCH- WAY) WITH THE NUMBER OF CASES OF PLAGUE THAT HAVE

OCCURRED IN THEM THIS YEAR AND LAST YEAR.

NAME OF LANE.

Tsui Long Lane,

Swatow Lane,

Amoy Lane, Ui Hing Lane, Wai Tak Lane, Yan Sau Lane, Lok Hing Lane, Tun Wo Lane,

...

CASES, 1902.

BIO2OOO

∞ 4 2 411QO

CASES, 1903.

Tung Tak Lane,

Sun Wai Lane,

Hing Long Street,

]

Mee Lun Lane,

Tung Man Lane,

Wing On Lane,

Wing Kat Street, I On Lane,

Shin Hing Lane, Tank Lane, On Wo Lane, Wing Shing Street, Chung Wo Lane, Wa In Fong, East, Wa In Fong, West,

Kwai Wa Lane,

Kwong Yuen Street, East, Kwong Yuen Street, West, Tung Loi Lane,

....

...

છે

...

U Yam Lane,

Sai Woo Lane,

Tsz Mi Alley,.

Tsung San Lane, West,.

Tsung Sau Lane, East,

Leung I Fong,

Sheung Fung Lane,

Fuk Sau Lane,

Fuk Luk Lane,

Sai Yuen Lane,

Shung Hing Lane,. On Ming Lane,

Sam To Lane,

Yat Foo Lane,

•

-ON-NO-NO

160

Staff.

With the exception of the Medical Officers of Health the Plague Staff by whom the work of dealing with the epidemic has been carried out has been sub- stantially that laid down in the scheme of organisation of Plague Staff drawn up by the Medical of Officer Health in January last.

Dr. CLARK, Medical Officer of Health, took leave from the Colony in March and Dr. BARNETT, the first appointed of the two Assistant Medical Officers of Health for Plague work arrived in the Colony on April 9th.

Dr. MACFARLANE who was appointed next did not arrive till the epidemic was virtually over. Dr. BARNETT has given great assistance not only during the height of the epidemic but also in collecting various information and statistics which I have embodied in this Report.

The scheme of a Special Plague Staff has on the whole worked very well; the First Class Inspectors especially have worked hard and conscientiously. The supplementing of the staff by temporary European Inspectors has not been such a success as could have been wished. With certain honourable exceptions such temporarily engaged men have proved a failure and it is not proposed to engage this class of Inspector in the future, as they often require constant supervision to keep them at their work.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

The following twelve gentlemen were elected to act as Managing Committee for the year 1903 :—-

1. FUNG WA-CHÜN.

2. LAU CHU-PÁK.

3. CHAU TUNG-SHANG.

4. YEUNG PUI-SHÁN.

5. TSUI SHI-KIU.

6. FUNG SHAU-SHÁN.

7. PUN YAN-TSÜN.

8. LI CHUK-UE.

9. LI SUI-ING.

10. PUN WAI-SÜN. 11. LAU SIU-CHEUK 12. UEN WAN -KIU.

Mr. LAU WAI-CHUEN and Mr. WE LONG-SHAN continued to act as Treasurers. A statement of the Assets and Liabilities of the Society and a declaration by the Treasurers, and two statements showing the working account, and revenue and expenditure during the year are attached. The balance to the credit of the Society on the 31st December was $15,081.17, compared with $16,126.44 on the correspond- ing day of 1902. Of this balance $15,000 is a portion of the endowment of the Society and not to be trenched upon. The expenditure therefore requires to be carefully watched and subscriptions encouraged.

The actual sum spent by the Managing Committee on the work of the Society was $8,180.03, as compared with $7,563.98 in 1902. The subscriptions received during the year amounted to only $5,715.79, compared with $7,248.25 in 1902. The decrease is due to temporary causes and we anticipate that next year the subscriptions will be as large as in previous years. Mr. Ho WING-TSUN and Mr. WONG YUET-FONG have kindly audited the accounts.

The Visiting Justices during the year have been Captain ANDERSON, Mr. CHAN A. FUK, Mr. A. H. SKELTON and Mr. DUNCAN CLARK.

Six hundred and thirty-two women, one hundred and thirty-four girls and sixty small boys were admitted during the year.

A return attached to this report shows what steps were taken with regard to them.

The inmates of the Home receive daily instruction in elementary subjects, and they are able to earn some pocket-money by needlework.

A report by Dr. KOCH on the sanitary condition of the buildings and on the health of the inmates is attached.

The first floor of the Tung Wa Hospital adjacent to the Pó Leung Kuk was handed over to the Society during the year and has been fitted up for the accom- modation of the wards of the Society.

Since the foundation of the Society the Tung Wa Hospital has always given most cordial assistance to the Pó Léung Kuk and it is satisfactory to see that the good relations existing between the two Institutions are as firmly established as they ever have been.

A. W. BREWIN,

President.

HO KAI,

Vice-President.

24th February, 1904.

$ f.

183.205 7.801.00

Jan. 9th

Sale of 79 bags,

Sale of old things,

56.76 11.15 12.528 10.00

Jan. 21st

288

Statement showing Particulars of Expenditure by the Working Committee, from the 1st January

to 31st December, 1903.

RECEIPTS.

Balance from previous year. Received from Permanent Board, Premium on $3,865 received in

bank notes,

Sale of kitchen refuse,

Subscribed for the purpose of giv-

EXPENDITURE.

By wages of Au Yeung Chak Tong for

12 months.

384.00

Tsang Sz-Ming for month.

8.00

Lung Tso Shang for 10 months 10 days,

165.33

Wong Sui. detective, for 3 months 22 days.

89.467

ing a New Year's dinner to the Wards by four members of the Permanent Committee,

Cheung Piu, detective. for 5 months 18 days,

134.203

Cheng Chung, detective, for

40.00

2 months 20 days.

46.33

Jan. 26th

Ditto by charitable individuals,

115.00

Pun Hing, detective, for 6

Ditto by members of the Annual

Committee,

months 144 days,

97.25

10.00

Chan Sham, detectivc. for

Commission from China Wire In-

5 months 14 days,

$2.25

surance Co..

4.00

So Yuk, porter, 3 months

at $10, 9 months at $12,

P'un Lung, servant, for 2 months +lays,

138.00

8.51

Ng Pék, servant, for 10 months.

40.00

Cheung Lai, cook. for 12 months,

48.00

Lau Sz, servant, for 1

month at $2, 2 months at $3.

8.00

Ng Ku, servant, for 6 months,

18.00

Chú Chi, servant, for 2

months 10 days.

7.00

Tsang Tsoi, servant, for 1 month.

1.50

Chan Wong, servant, for

11 months,

33.00

Portuguese Matron, for 12

months.

336.00

Leung In. female servant,

for 12 months,

84.00

Chan Un, female servant,

for 12 months,

54.00

Wong Yuen, female ser-

vant, for 10 months at

$3.50. 2 months at $4,

44.00

Lau Tsui Shi, teacher of needlework, for 12 months,

48.00

Lo Ki, teacher, for 12 mos.. Ip Sam, female cook, for 12 months.

144.00

54.00

Lam Mui, female cook, for

፡፡

12 months,

64.90

Chan Kwan, night woman.

for 12 months,

24.00

Rice from Un Fat and Hop Hing.

892.94

Bamboo ware from Po Wo.

25.225

35.95

Oil from Tung Shang Wo.

109.931

Tobacco and Soap, from Chu Wing

On,

87,865

Stationery from Kwong Fuk Hing.

156.35

Porcelain from Ho Cheung,

30.19

Tea from Shang Man,

7.787

Repairs by Wing Tai,

274.25

Barbers' wages,

26.00

Flowers from Tsung Lam Yuen,

30.00

Gas.

684.22

Gas fittings,

43.49

Printing minutes of monthly meet-

ings of the l'erma .ent Board, and

books,

19.00

Tsun Wan Yat Po, newspaper.

138.70

Wa Tse Yat Po, newspaper,

10.03

Chung Ngoi Yat Po,

3.00

Photograplis from Wa Fong,

20.50

Disinfectants,

30.50

Crown Reut for Lot 1,356.

32.00

•

Fruit from Kwong Wo Lung,

58.27

Extra meals,

88.93

Firewood, from Wing Cheung Shing

and Tang Hang Kee,

418.557

Black tea, from Kwong Man Wo,

.8.44

Food for clerks, detectives and

ነ

servants.

156.40

Women's slippers from Shing Li,

36.40.

Iainting by Wo Ki.

6.20

Cloth from Tai Lung and Tung On.

67.30

Insurance with China, Tsun On.

On Insurance Companies,

876 96

Water rate,

10.0.

Mats from Cheung Yuen Tai,

15.00

Iron materials and labour by I Li,... Passage for destitutes and postage. Hire of jinrickshas and boats by

484.46

178.65

detectives,

254.20

Food for teacher and female servants,

114.72

wards.

714.42

Sundries,

437.308

Total,

8,180,033

Balance in hand

64.49

Total,

.$ 8,244.523

Total,

8,244.523

{

289

We, LAU WAI-CHUEN and WEI LONG-SHÁN, members of the Board of Directors of the Pó Leung Kuk Incorporated Society, do solemnly and sincerely declare that the attached statement of the Assets and Liabilities of the above Society on the 31st December, 1903, marked "A" and signed with our names on the 29th day of January, 1904, is a true statement, and we make this solemn declaration conscien- tiously believing the same to be true and by virtue of the provisions of the Sta- tutory Declaration Act, 1835.

LAU WAI-CHUEN.

WEI LONG-SHÁN.

Declared by the declarants, LAU WAI-CHUEN and WEI LONG-SHÁN, at Victoria, Hongkong, this 29th day of January 1904.

Before me,

BRUCE SHEPHERD, J.P., Victoria.

Statement of Assets and Liabilities of the Pó Léung Kuk Incorporated Society on the

Assets.

On Fixed Deposit in hands of Mr.

UN LAI CHUN,

At Current Account with Hong-

kong and Shanghai Bank,

Total,

31st December, 1903.

Liabilities.

15,000.00

Nil.

81.17

$15.081.17

Ho WING-TSUN,

WONG YUET-FONG,

Anditors.

LAU WAI-CHUEN. WEI LONG-SHÂN.

This is the statement marked “A” referred to in the Declaration of LAU WAI-CHUEN and WEI LONG-SHAN declared before me, this 29th day of January, 1904.

BRUCE SHEPHERD, J.P.

290

PERMANENT COMMITTEE.

Statement of Working Account from 1st January to 31st December, 1903.

Receipts.

To Balance :-

on Fixed Deposit,

at Current Account,

Dried Fruit Shops,

Expenditure.

15,000.00 Working Committee, &c., ..........................

1,126.44

7,800.00

60.00 Mr. UN LAI CHUN on Fixed

Opium Shops,

300.00

Restaurants,.

500.00

Deposit,

15,000.00

Rattan Shops,

15.00

Tailors,

15.00

Interest on overdraft,

17.14

Fuk On Company,

30.00

Cattle Dealers...

28.29

Balance at Current Account with

Theatre Lessee,

1.050.00

Rice Shops,

150.00

Hongkong and Shaghai Bank,

$1.17

Commission Agents,.

225.00

Man Mo Temple,.

851.00

Piece Goods Shops,

210.00

Wong Sui Kwan,

270.00

Interest at Current Account,.

6.08

Mat Bag Shops,

75.00

Fruit and Vegetable Whole-

sale Dealers...

30.00

Pork Sellers.

54.00

Man On Company,

30.00

Tsun On Company,

30.00

1 On and Hip On Companies,

60.00

Chinese Banks...

75.00

Crude Medicine Shops,

60.00

Tobacco Shops...

Nam Pak Hong,

15.00

225.00

Hang On Company

30.00

Californian Hongs,

150.00

Tak On Company,

30.00

Yan On Company.

30.00

Po On Company,

30.00

Masons,...

15.00.

Salt Fish Shops,

60.00

Tea Merchants,

26.00

Paint Dealers,

60.00

Pawn Shops,..

60.00

Tin Shops,

14.50

Pig Dealers....

60.00

Fish Wholesole Dealers,

30.00

Cotton Yarn Hongs,

75.00

Old Clothes Shops,

12.00

Fuk On Company,

30.00

Gold Shops,

60.00

Tung On Company,

30,00

Barbers,..

15.00

Copper and Iron Shops,

60.00

Compradores Shops,

60.00

Compradores,

300.00

Ginseng Hongs,

120.00

Interest on Fixed Deposit,

1,050.00

Total,.....

.$22,898.31

Total,...............

22,898.31

291

Return showing the Number of Beds, of the Staff, and of the Persons whose cases have

been dealt with by the Pó Léung Kuk, during the

Beds for the Inmates, Number of Staff,

Inmates remaining on the 31st December, 1902,-

Married,~

Women, Adopted,-

Women, 47, Girls.... 16, Boys,... 3, Total........ 66 Inmates admitted for the year ended 31st December, 1903,-- Women....632, Girls, ..134, Boys,...60. Total....826 Restored to parents or relatives or sent to Charitable

Institutions in China,-

Women,...189, Girls....118. Boys,...53, Total,...360 Sent to Missionary Schools,-

Women.... 15, Girls,... 9, Boys.... 0, Total........ 24

year 1903.

Girls,...9. Boys....6. Total, Died in the Institution.-

Girl,...1, Boys, .....2, Total, Permitted to leave,--

409

Women,...41, Girls,...16, Boys,...2, Total, Male destitutes sent Home,

Women,

Still in charge of the Society.--

PÓ LEUNG Ku«,

HONGKONG, 8th February, 1904.

SIR,-I have the honour to submit for the information of the Honourable the Registrar General my report on the Pó Léung Kuk for the year 1903.

On the 2nd September I took over charge vice Dr. THOMSON who proceeded on leave of absence. I visited the institution at frequent intervals-two or three times a week or oftener. On each occasion I made a detailed inspection of the wards and dormitories, and have always found them clean and well ventilated. The food provided has been satisfactory and sufficient. A new dormitory has been opened providing accommodation for sixteen beds, but when necessary this number can be augmented.

The general health of the inmates has been good on the whole. There were three cases of plague and one of small-pox, which were transferred to the Hospital for Infectious Diseases at Kennedy Town, and the institution was thoroughly dis- infected. Six cases of beri-beri occurred; the disease manifested itself some time after residence. They were transferred for treatment to the Tung Wah Hospital. One case of anaesthetic leprosy was transferred to the Leper Home at Canton. The six cases of measles were treated under strict isolation in the institution. The other diseases call for no remark. Two deaths occurred-one from malignant malaria, the other from general tuberculosis.

I append a table showing the diseases which occurred and the mortality.*

The Honourable,

I have, &c.,

W. V. M. KOCH, Inspecting Medical Officer.

The Principal Civil Medical Officer.

* Not printed.

No.

1904

HONGKONG.

ROPORT OF THE ACTING CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

POLICE OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 30th January, 1904.

SIR,I have the honour to forward, for the information of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, the Criminal Statistics and Report on the Police Force, for the year 1903.

2. The total of all cases reported to the Police was 11,251, as against 10,421 in 1902, being an increase of 830, or 7.96 per cent.

In the division of these cases into Serious and Minor Offences, there appears an increase, as compared with 1902, of 863 cases, or 21.58 per cent. in the former, and a decrease of 33 cases, or .51 per cent. in the latter.

The increase, as compared with 1902, in Serious Offences of 863 is shewn as follows:

Murder,

Robbery,

Burglary or Larceny in dwelling,

Kidnapping and other offences against the

Protection of Women and Girls Ordinance, f

Piracy,........

Unlawful possession,

Larceny,

Felonies, not already given,

Total,.

539

156

864

It will be seen from the above figures that the increase in crime was principally in respect of larceny.

There was however a great improvement during the last quarter of the year, especially in November and December.

Larcenies by servants were numerous. In some of the more serious cases the Police were successful in tracing the thieves and recovering most of the property stolen. It would greatly assist the Police in such cases if it were customary persons when engaging servants to obtain their photographs and their names, parents' names and addresses in Chinese characters.

for

A photograph album of servants who have been convicted is now kept by the Police, and may be inspected by any one. The more frequent application of Ordinances No. 45 of 1902 and No. 11 of 1903 would have a good effect. 75 per- sons were prosecuted in 1903 under the former Ordinance, and 29 persons under the latter. The easy access to houses by means of rain-pipes &c., is a constant source of trouble.

3. Table A shows the number and character of the Serious and Minor Offences reported to the Police during the past year, and the number of persons convicted and discharged in connection with those offences.

MURDER.

On the 2nd January, HU SAM KIU, aged 22, married woman, IP YAN CHUNG, male, aged 73, WONG YING CHUNG, female, aged 63, and IP CHUNG-KI, female, 15 years,

all residing at No. 8 Nam Hong, Kouloong City, were sent to the Government Civil Hospital suffering from severe cuts and wounds inflicted by IP PANG, the husband of HU SAM KIU. HU SAM KIU died in Hospital on the 2nd of January, and IP YAN CHUNG on the 14th; the others recovered. IP PANG was convicted at the Criminal Sessions and hanged.

On the 29th of January, the body of an unknown Chinese male, age about 38 years, was found on the Tai Po Road between the 5th and 6th mile-stones with a number of wounds on it. The body was never identified. No arrest made.

On the 10th of February, the body of a Water Police Constable No. 486 Yau TAW, age 30, was found floating in the Harbour, with marks of violence on it. It was alleged that the Constable was murdered in a gambling row on board a fishing boat in Yaumati Bay on the 30th of January. No arrest made.

On the 15th of April, 6 men boarded a licensed fishing boat while at anchor off Pi Chai Kok in Mirs Bay for the purpose of robbery. One of the number, armed with a revolver, shot at CHAN HI YUNG, aged 30, master of the boat, which caused him to fall overboard and the man was drowned. Property value $100 was stolen. No arrest made.

On the 10th of May, a Chinese female, age about 30 years, was found on the Morrison Hill Gap Road near the Government Stores, suffering from severe cuts and wounds. She died on the way to the Government Civil Hospital. The body was identified as that of LEUNG SU, age 20, the 2nd wife of TSANG MUK-SUUN who lived at No. 11 King Sing Street, who absconded after the murder. Two men were arrested on the 3rd of November, tried and sentenced to death (since commuted to penal servitude for life).

On the 11th of August, a Chinese female named LEUNG KUN MUI, age 19 years, residing at No. 1 Un Hing Lane. Shaukiwan, was murdered by her husband named WONG KUN TAI, who inflicted wounds on himself from which he died in the Govern- ment Civil Hospital on the 30th of September.

On the 24th of October, WONG CHUN LAM, age 30, tailor, residing at No. 118 Lye Mun, New Territory, was killed by a fall said to have been caused by robbers who broke into his house and stole property value $119. One arrest made.

On the 3rd of April, La Kwai FAN was arrested, convicted and hanged for taking part in the murder of YEUNG KU WAN who was shot at No. 52 Gage Street on the 11th of January, 1901.

On or about the 25th or 26th March, a man named No Lox was murdered at No. 05 Des Voeux Road and the body was conveyed to Canton. The Police are in possession of information as to the perpetrators, which is being followed up.

MANSLAUGHTER,

5. On the 2nd of March, Au HIN, 34 years of age, coolie, residing at 104 Des Voeux Road, was removed to the Government Civil Hospital suffering from a fractured thigh and other injuries, the result of a fight with other coolies, who it was alleged threw him into the yard from the 1st floor. Two men were charged and acquitted

at the Criminal Sessions.

(ii) On the 28th of March a fight between two clans took place in the village of Tung Tan Po in the Au Tau District, New Territory. P. C. 369 FoxG KAN arrested a man named CHEUNG MAN KWAI, aged 86, firmer, for taking part in it: the man ran away from the Au Tau Station, and was re-arrestel, and while at the Station at Au Tau, the Constable assaulted him and he died in the Station, the cause of death being a ruptured spleen.

The Constable was convicted of manslaughter at the Criminal Sessions.

(iii.) On the 10th of April, three jimricksha coolies had a dispute over fares and fought, one of the number named Lo FAN, age 33, was found dead in his vehicle on Des Voeux Rond, the cause of death being a ruptured spleen.

(iv.) On the 23rd May, PAK Cut, coolie, aged 50, was alleged to have been pushed into the Harbour by three men and was drowned. The three men were charged, one was tried at the Criminal Sessions and acquitted. No information was filed against the other two.

(v.) On the 4th of June, Tse Smixo, aged 29, Private, Native Co. R. E., was removed to the Government Civil Hospital from Wing Fung Street suffering from a ruptured spleen caused by three men who assaulted him. He died in the Hospital on the 11th of June.

The three men were tried at the Criminal Sessions, one was discharged, and the others were convicted and sentenced one to 18 months and the other 12 months hard labour.

(vi.) On the 29th of July, WONG HIP, aged 36, coolie, was alleged to have been pushed overboard the S.S. Tyr by a man named CHAN LIN SHING while in Victoria Harbour. CHAN LIN SHING was arrested and discharged by the Magistrate. A false charge.

(vii.) On the 3rd of August, TSANG TSAK aged 56, hawker, residing at Yaumati, was removed to the Government Civil Hospital suffering from injuries, alleged to have been caused by a kick given by a Sergeant. He died in Hospital on the 7th of August from the result of his injuries. The Sergeant was charged and acquitted at the Criminal Sessions.

(viii.) On the 8th of August, a Chinese female named CHEUNG YAU LAN, aged 23, residing in the village of Chung Uk Tsun, Un Long Sub-district, was alleged to have died after an illegal operation. No report was made to the Police until the 20th of September. Three persons were charged, one was discharged by the Police Magistrate, and two were acquitted at the Criminal Sessions.

(ix.) On the 21st of September, a Chinese lad named LI YAU, aged 10, residing at Lan Nai-wan in the Tung Hoi District, was alleged to have been beaten to death by two other boys. The boys were arrested and discharged by the Magistrate at Tai

Po.

(x.) On the 8th of November WILLIAM MCGREGOR, Overseer, P. W. D., residing at Tai Po Road, Cheung Sha Wan, in company with Lance-Sergeant Lee were out on the hills at Pai Taw in the Kau Yeuk District shooting game. Lance-Sergeant 59 LEE accidentally shot and killed MCGREGOR. Lance-Sergeant 59 LEE was charged and acquitted at the Criminal Sessions.

(xi.) On the 8th of December, an unknown coolie, while discharging coal on board the S.S. Mandasan Maru, was alleged to have been pushed into the Harbour by the Japanese tallyman ToSURE TUBAI and drowned. The Japanese was charged with manslaughter and acquitted at the Criminal Sessions.

SHOOTING WITH INTENT TO DO GRIEVOUS BODILY HARM.

6. On the 7th of January, Indian Constable 823 LUDA SINGH was removed to the Government Civil Hospital suffering from revolver shot wounds inflicted by Indian Constable 593 on the Kowloon City Road while proceeding to take up their beats in Hung Hom District.

It appears to have been the continuation of a quarrel which took place in their barrack room on the same evening. Indian Constable 823 recovered. After the injuries were inflicted on Indian Constable 823, Indian Police Constable 593 disappeared among the bushies on the hillside, and while surrounded by a party of Police, he committed suicide by firing several shots into his body.

GANG ROBBERIES.

7. There were 45 gang robberies reported during the year. In connection with 20 of these cases 41 persons were arrested, 27 being convicted, 14 discharged. In 25 cases no arrest was made.

Twelve of these robberies took place in the City of Victoria, 6 occurring in the Eastern, 4 in the Central, and 2 in the Western District.

Of the remaining 33, 11 were reported from Yaumati and Kowloon, 3 from Shaukiwan, 1 from Pokfulam, and 18 from the New Territory. Of these robberies only one was upon a European, viz.:--

On the 16th of September, a number of men obtained an entry into the house of Miss BATEMAN at No. 18, Belilios Terrace. They entered Miss BATEMAN'S bedroom, assaulted her and her amalı, and robbed Miss BATEMAN of watches and jewellery value (228. Three men were arrested, one was discharged by the Magistrate, and two were convicted at the Criminal Sessions; one sentenced to 7 years, and the other to 5 years hard labour and received 24 strokes each with the birch.

STREET AND HIGHWAY RObberies.

8. Forty cases were reported, of which 5 occurred in the New Territory. In connection with 16 of these cases 32 persons were arrested, 19 of whom were con- victed; 13 discharged. In 24 cases no arrest was made. Of these robberies (Highway) eight concerned Europeans, viz.:---

(i.) On the 17th of February, Captain JAMES TIPPET, S. S. Icy Dene, engaged a licensed jinricksha in the Central District to take him to Kennedy Town where his steamer was lying off the Kerosine Godowns. While on the road, he was attacked by two men who assaulted and robbed him of a watch, chain and money; value $240.

Captain TIPPET was removed to the Government Civil Hospital suffering from cuts and stabs: he recovered from his injuries. One man was arrested in Chinese Territory and dealt with by the Chinese Authorities and imprisoned for 10 years.

(i.) On the 31st of March, LORENZ HOUSER, residing in the Hongkong Hotel, engaged a jiuricksha in Victoria and was driven out to the Bay View Hotel. his return he reported that he was taken in a ricksha towards Tai Hang Village and was set upon by five or six men who robbed him of money and papers, value $90. No arrest was made.

(iii) On the 7th of July, while Mrs. ZARZA was looking in a shop window at Des Voeux Road Central, she was attacked by a Chinaman, who robbed her of a purse containing $19. No arrest made.

(iv.) On the 8th of July, while Mrs. F. J. V. JORGE was looking in a shop window at 60 Wellington Street, she was attacked by a Chinaman who robbed her of a purse containing a gold ring and money, value $190. No arrest was made.

(v.) On the 17th of July, while Miss BERKELEY was in Queen's Road Central, a Chinaman snatched from her hand a purse containing $3.50. The thief was arrested, convicted and sentenced to 6 months hard labour and 6 hours stocks.

(vi). On the 29th of August, Mrs. PRONT, residing in the Military quarters, Kennedy Road, while engaging a jinricksha in Queen's Road Central was attacked by a Chinaman who robbed her of a satchel containing money and other small articles, value $11. No arrest made.

(vii.) On the 29th of August, while Mrs. J. B. JACKSON was on her way to the Kowloon Ferry, she was attacked by a Chinaman in Chater Road who robbed her of a satchel containing money, and also stole from her person part of a gold chain, total value $51. No arrest made.

(viii) On the 25th of January, Mrs. SHEFFIELD and her son, age 9 years, while on Kennedy Road, were attacked and robbed, by five men, of two watches and chains, value $130. One man was arrested in October and discharged at the Criminal Sessions as Mrs. SHEFFIELD did not appear,

ROBBERIES ON BOATS AND JUNKS.

9. Fourteen cases were reported, of which 6 occurred in the New Territory. In connection with 6 of these cases 21 persons were arrested, 15 dischared.

In the remaining 8 cases no arrests were made.

FELONIES NOT ALREADY GIVEN,

10. Under this heading are comprised the following

Arson and attempted arson,

Attempted murder,

Shooting with intent to do grievous bodily harm....... Cutting and wounding,

Embezzlement,

Forgery,

Housebreaking,

Manslaughter,

Rape,

CON A

284

Total,

412

Demanding money by incnaces,.

Criminal libel,

GAMBLING.

11. Sixty Gambling Warrants were executed and convictions obtained. One less than in 1902.

SUICIDE.

12. On the 25th of January, P.C. 76 MARTIN left No. 7 Station at midnight for duty on general patrol in the Western District. At 6 a.m. his body was found on private land a few yards off the Pokfulam Road with a bullet wound in the head. MARTIN had apparently committed suicide. His revolver was found a few feet away from the body.

PROPERTY REPORTED STOLEN AND PROPERTY RECOVERED.

13. The value of the property reported stolen during the year was $228,061.37. The value of the property recovered by the Police and restored to owners was $26,941.16.

LOST PROPERTY.

14. The following is a return showing property lost or recovered during the the year 1903 :—

Articles reported lost.

Value lost.

Articles recovered and articles found which were not reported lost.

Value found.

264

$14,531.25

127

$1,743.20

OPIUM WARRANTS.

15. One thousand six hundred and twenty-three (1,623) search warrants for prepared opium were executed by the Police and Execise Officers of the Opium Farmer. In 611 cases opium was found, and 706 persons were arrested.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

16. The Examiner of Weights and Measures made the following verifications :

European scales,

Chinese,..

Yard measures,

་

Chek,

Examined.

Correct.

Incorrect.

234

229

2,915

2,891

118

117

378

376

The following presecutions were instituted :-

UNDER THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ORDINANCE.

No. of Cases.

Convictions. 28

Total Amount of Fines. $1,135.00

UNDER THE DANGEROUS GOODS ORDINANCE.

No. of Cases. 17

Convictions. 17

FOOD AND DRUGS ORDINANCE.

17. Samples collected and sent to Analyst.

Total Amount of Fines.

$142.00.

Beer,

Whisky. 12

Gin.

Brandy.

Port Wine.

Milk.

All of these samples were certified to be genuine, with the exception of one sample of milk.

PROSECUTIONS UNDER THE FOOD AND DRUGS ORDINANCE.

No. of Cases.

Convictions. 1

MENDICANTS.

Fines. $20.00

18. Seventeen beggars were dealt with by the Police Magistrate, and 2 were sent to Tung Wah Hospital. 208 were deported to Canton, and 1 to Shan Mi, as follows:

HOW OFTEN SENT AWAY.

CANTON.

SHAN MI.

Once, Twice,

Thrice,

4 times,

Total,.

199

208

LICENCES.

19. The following licences were issued during 1903:-

1,175 Hongkong Jinrickshas.

50 Quarry Bay

170 Kowloon

48 Private Vehicles.

1,248 Truck Licences.

592 Hongkong Chairs.

60 Hill District Chairs.

9 Gharis.

14,191 Drivers and Bearers.

DOGS ORDINANCE.

2,150 Dogs were licensed.

25 Watch dogs were licensed, free of charge.

113 Dogs were destroyed.

64 Dogs were seized and restored to owners or ransomed.

ARMS ORDINANCE.

7 Licences to import and deal in arms were issued.

3 Licences to deal in sporting arms and ammunition were issued,

During the whole year a Proclamation has been in force prohibiting the export of arms and ammunitions froin the Colony.

The following arms and ammunition were seized and confiscated during the

year, viz.:-

18 rifles, 25 muskets; 30 revolvers; 28 swords; 4 spears; 5,635 rounds ammunition; 141 bags saltpetre; 5 bags sulphur; 36 boxes caps; 3 boxes re-loading tools; 1 air-gun.

EDUCATION.

20. During the year, 5 Europeans and 32 Indians obtained Certificates for knowledge of Chinese, one European for knowledge of Hindustani, and 9 Indians obtained Certificates for English.

I append a report from Mr. A. W. GRANT, Acting Master-in-charge, on the work of the Police School during the year.

BARRACKS.

21. (1) The Sham Shui Po Harbour Office was taken over as a Station and occupied by the Police on the 27th December, 1903.

(2.) House No. 70, at Praya East was rented from the Land Investment Company on the 27th August, 1903, for Additional Police Accommodation at No. 2 Station.

CONDUCT.

22. The number of reports against Europeans was 107, as against S7 in 1902; of these, 25 were for drunkenness, as against 23 in the previous year; 5 for asleep on duty as against 2; 7 for disorderly conduct and fighting; and 1 for sitting down on duty, as against 3 and 2 respectively; and 14 for neglect of duty as against 4 last year.

Two European Constables were convicted by the Police Magistrate—one for neglect of duty and one for desertion.

The conduct of the contingent was on the whole good, only 4 men had more than 3 reports against them, and 72 men had none.

There were 463 reports against men of the Indian Contingent, as compared with 354 for last year. For drunkenness there were 42, against 24 in 1902; 21 for disorderly conduct, against 22; 48 for neglect of duty, against 33; 79 for absence from duty, against 44; 105 for gossiping and idling on duty, against 72; and 22 for asleep on duty, against 23 in the previous year.

Seven Indian Constables were convicted by the Police Magistrate-1 for larceny, 4 for assault, 1 for fighting, and 1 for arresting a man without a warrant.

The conduct of the contingent was satisfactory, as a large number of the reports were for trivial offences, and 188 men had no reports against them.

The Chinese contingent is reponsible for 835 reports, against 960 in 1902. (which included Water Police).

There were no reports for drunkenness; 113 for asleep on duty, as against 111; 18 for disorderly conduct, as against 35; and 334 for absence from station, duty and parades, against 372 in 1902.

Three Sergeant Interpreters were convicted before the Police Magistrate-1 for larceny, 1 for accepting a bribe, and 1 for disorderly conduct.

Eight Chinese Constables were convicted before the Police Magistrate-8 for assault, 1 for manslaughter, 3 for disorderly conduct, and 1 for larceny from person.

The conduct of the contingent may be considered fair, as 110 men had no reports against them, 59 men had only I each, and many of the offences were trivial.

The Seamen, Coxswains and Stokers had 214 reports recorded against them.

For drunkenness there were 2, 10 for asleep on duty, 4 for disorderly conduct, and 143 for absence from Station and late for duty.

Two Seamen and one Stoker were convicted by the Police Magistrate-two for unlawful possession and one for fighting.

In the case of all the Chinese absence without leave was the prevailing fault.

REWARDS.

23. One Inspector was awarded a good conduct medal for good work done during the epidemic of plague. One Inspector, two Indian Sergeants, two Chinese Sergeants, and one Chinese Constable were granted good conduct medals for long and faithful service, and two Chinese Constables for good work done in the New Territory. One Chinese Sergeant and two Constables were granted rewards for energy and zeal in making arrests of robbers and thieves, and one Chinese Constable for prompt action in the arson case of No. 205 Queen's Road Central.

HEALTH.

24. Admissions to Hospital during the last three years were as follows:-

Nationality.

Europeans,

Indians,

Chinese,

1901. Strength,

1902. Strength,

920.

919.

1903. Strength, 921.

163

141

122

493

498

407

215

299

193

Return of Police treated in Government Civil Hospital for fever or dengue fever from 1st January to 31st December, 1903:-

Nationality.

Europeans, Indians,.

Chinese,

Old Territory.

125

New Territory.

In addition to cases treated in Hospital for fever or dengue fever from the New Territory, the following numbers of cases were treated for fever in the various stations in the New Territory without being removed to Hospital, viz.:--

Europeans 9, Indians 90, Chinese 17.

EXECUTIVE STAFF.

25. I acted as Captain Superintendent of Police and Mr. HALLIFAX as Deputy Superintendent of Police from the 18th March, when Mr. BADELEY left the Colony on leave of absence; and Mr. WOLFE has acted as Assistant Superintendent of Police in the New Territory from 1st December, when Mr. HALLIFAX was transferred to Hongkong (an arrangement I proposed before Mr. BADELEY went on leave but which was not then feasible.)

POLICE FORCE.

26. Fifteen Europeans were engaged during the year, 6 were recruited in England and 9 enlisted locally. Of these 9, 1 resigned and 2 were dismissed.

27. I enclose a Report on the Police stationed in the New Territory, and a Report on the Police School.

The Honourable

I have, etc.,

THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY.

F. W. LYONS, Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

RETURN showing the STRENGTH, ESLISTMENTS and CASUALTIES

in the Police Force, 1903.

Resignation

Nationality.

Strength of the Force.

Enlist- ments.

Resignation

Death.

through! Sickness.

through Expiry of Terms of Service or

Dismissal

Total Number

Desertion.

of Casualties.

otherwise.

Europeans,

133

Indians,

367

Chinese,

421

160

833

141

Total,

921*

139

113

230

*This number includes the Police paid for by other Departments and Private Firms, and also the Engineers. Coxswains and Stokers, but is exclusive of :-

1 Captain Superintendent.

1 Deputy Superintendent.

2 Assistant Superintendents.

1 Accountant.

1 Clerk and Ilindustani Interpreter.

3 Clerks.

3 Telephone Clerks.

72 Coolies.

1009.

TABLE A.

RETURN OF SERIOUS and MINOR OFFENCES reported to have been committed during the Year 1903, with the Results of such Reports.

Robberies

with violence from the

person.

Burglaries.

Larcenies in Assaults Dwelling with Intent

Houses.

to rob.

Larcenics.

Felonies

not

already

Assaults

and

Disorderly

Gambling.

Conduct.

given.

Offences against Ord.

9 of 1897,

Kidnapping. (Protection

of Women

and Girls.)

Unlawful

possession.

Piracy.

Miscellaneous

Euro-

peans

and

Ameri-

Indians.

Chinese.

Total.

Offences.

cans.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Perseus discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted,

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

Ko. of Persons convicted,

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged. Drunkenness.

Nuisances.

No Pass or Light.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of l'ersons discharged.

Jaunary,

February,

March,.

مریم

115

5 ✰ 31

Ꮳ

April,

May,

18 11

June,

13 1

1 30

July,

دری

August,

10 & I

September,. 6

8 1

ગ

October,

315 179

32) 37

183 20 20, 199

27:124

189 30 23 63 19

251104

39) 33 1

107

120 18

333 171

353 50

981

281 123 31

112

18 8 16

280120

25) 11

10 91 110 21

266 107

02 30

118 161 23

267 118

99 178

TOTAL

OF.

ALL

CASES.

شام

1332233

397

350

46 25

35 4

252 292 38

333

908 106

935

114

91.3

641

89 689 97

793

<+>

324 589

38 42

225

270

25 32

ຄ

دی

560

28 29 10

277

297

225

222 41

234 233

821

130 $79 142

1,058

595 89

799

618!

125 681 131

897

8 11

010 101

Gal 112

803

651 97

671 102

877

283

52 51

لحم

ریم

58 2

366 369

ગ

25 24 1

883 104

891 105

968

397

406 45 25

-1

$30

862 96

1,001

་

515 578

خطر

933

100

964

103

1,126

8 10 57 67

5 33 10

ثارة

467 536 31

♡

881

908 100

934

465

483 29

21 3

706 83 700 SO

972

82 107 22

$S 1

30 3

271|128

211 41

113 162 28 19 135 13

6 2 3

1 1310 | 160

10 31

9.1 122 13 13 87

279 16

1s 32

2 1101

180 35 10

197 107 17 15

20 12 83

23 1

#222 97 211 26

52 -

TOTAL,..

99 62 42 714

11 367 25 8

I (3,2811,535) 207 (419 |156

1,530 | 260 | 204 | 1,101| 44

42 28 34 528643 73

160 723

4,1314,475

110

331 48 70)

24 | 9,112 | 1,203 § 9,516 | 1,280

11,251

November,

December,..

Police Department, Hongkong, 30th January, 1901.

* 1 case of Larceny, 1 prisoner undecided not entered.

F. W. LYONS,

Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

་

November,.

Fecember,..{1}

GI 581

TOTAL,..|16|13 4603 581 42

نارة

333

2 3 2 1

13 | 12 |

2 35 32

69 03 7

الدم

2 17 17 31 26

September, -21

12 36 10

ૐ

October,........22

ジ

3 7

مشبع

3 12 21

14 4 63 63

59 11

70...

12 09

6 4 5 1 5 12

26 11 3 34

8::

103 181

63 116 13 ..

|..| 173 | 172 |

27 2

G8, 131!

2192) 1891

11 270 386! 72 (350) 257

471 771: 60| 7| # 6 1,277; 1,257) 63 (10 8 372 67

5.1

6 395439

21 1710 6 25 13 8 109 171 12 84 58 18,63|47|17 31 5 458,61 1856 655171371

56|| 204,134 4,475

440

110 101

131| 127

51 56

43 55

281 1

501 50

22 2

1125

19:

فی

22 39 3

5 4

| 62 !

•1

រ

897

515 573 36

467 536 34

465

483 20

10:11

366

6 3

CAS

૫

225

45 43 2

ご

•

·February, ....] 1...] 3 49]

48 3

80 82

14 22

4 1 B

2 84 34

333

491

1 20

56..

♡

المسكر

23 6 2-1

1393

CO 62

277

201 288 27

رکی

2 236

حید

13 2

6 23 23 1 201 53

3 ...

انشه

16; 19

.11 10

મ

52 36

January, ...

2,7

පා

4 4

1-1

74!

116110

خط

←

පිටි

ورم

252

927

| Cases

reported.

1903.

No. of Persons convicted.

No.

of Persons discharged.

Cases

reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reporteil.

| No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

1 Cases

reported.

No. of Persons convicted. Ne, of bersius discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cuses reported.

No. of Persons convicted. No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No: of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

|_ No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

| Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

1 No. of Persons discharged.

| Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

| No. of Persons convicted.

[No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Breach of Spirits

and Opium Ordinances.

Men-

Unlicensed

(dicants.

iHawking.

TABLE B.

RETURN of MISCELLANEOUS OFFENCES reported to have been committed during the Year 1903, with the Results of such Reports.

Street Crics.

Desertion, Refusal and Neglect of

Duty.

Rogues

and

Vagabonds, Suspicious Characters

and Vagrants.

Breach of

Public

Vehicles

Ordinance.

Breach of Breach | Merchant shipping Consolidation,

Ordinances.

Emigr.

Ord.

Breach of

l'olice, Gaol,

Deportation

and

Prevention

of Crime

Ordinances.

Breach of Pawnbrokers, Markets and

Weights and

Measures

Ordinances.

Intimidation,

Extortion, Bribery and

Conspiracy.

Cutting

Trees

Earth.

Trespass.

Breach of Registration

Ordinance.

Spurious Coin.

Obtaining

Goods,

or Money by False)

Frutences.

L'amage to

Property.

Sn.chle.

commit

Attempt to

Cruelty to Animals, & Furi- ous Driving.

Contempt of Court & False Charge and Perjury.

Breach of

Dangerous

Goods and

Arms Ordes.

Totals.

Police Department, Hongkong, 30th January, 1904.

}

31 European Prisoners absconded from bail.

58 Chinese Prisoners absconded from bail.

F. W. LYONS,

Acting Captain Superintendent of Police,

TABLE C.

COMPARATIVE RETURN of OFFENCES coming under the Notice of the POLICE, during the Years 1901, 1902, and 1903.

SERIOUS.

MINOR.

NUMBER OF PERSONS

Discharged.

NUMBER OF CASES.

DESCRIPTION.

Convicted.

NUMBER OF PERSONS

NUMBER OF CASES.

DESCRIPTION,

Convicted.

Discharged.

1901. 1902, | 1903.

1901, 1902. 1903. 1901. | 1902. 1903.

Murder,

Robbery,

Assault with Intent to rob,

Piracy,

Unlawful Possession,

Larcenies,................

Felonies not already given,

Total,...

Burglary or Larceny from Dwelling,

Kidnapping and Protection of Women & Children,

401

481

49 10

སྨཱ ཿ

Assault,

Gambling,

Miscellaneous,

Drunkenness,

Nuisance,..

No Pass or Light,

388 491 526 412

483 543

2,421

182 1 256 412 56

2,742 *3,2811,130 1,247 1.565

315

330

297

73 152

3,4043,998 4,8621,710 | 1,931 | 2,401

458

515

627

olice Department, Hongkong, 30th January, 1904

1901. 1902. 1903. 1901. 1902. 1903. | 1901. 1902. 1903.

1,620

265

3,267

150

466

1,2871,1692,031,667 1,539 207 271 259 2041,5171,378 | 1,101 42 3.8534,184 3,814 4,562 [4,175 390 571 167 160

269

· 440

1,057

723 No analysis of Convictions & Discharges

Total,..

5,768 6,428 6,300 | 7,395 | 7,607 |7,115 729 849 753

* 1 case of larceny, 1 prisoner undecided, 1 prisoner not entered in the table.

F. W. LYONS,

Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

54 -

TABLE D.

1.-RETURN of SERIOUS OFFENCES reported to the POLICE, during the 10 Years ending 1903, showing the Number of Prisoners Arrested, Convicted and Discharged.

Murder.

Robbery.

and

Burglary

Larceny in

Dwelling House.

Assault with

Intent to Rob.

Kidnapping and Protection of Women and

Girls.

Piracy.

Felonies

Unlawful Possession.

Larceny.

not already given.

YEAR.

81 30 12

3/120

30 6 36

14159 32

رین

8 40 1

15170.

29 7

36 2 2

33333

42 86

47 99

36 91

€

نت

23 34 57

1,813 1,843

273 2,116 10,202

4,781

868 5,649532, 201|127 328

278

272

317 2,103

878

428

433

503

2,126

273 298

337 1,770

937

970

242 1,179 75 35 28

139 1,109 73

23 29

398 386

456 2,079 954

189 1,148 170 67 30

436

464

...

503 | 2,124 | 1,042

132 1,174147 47

28.03

རྩ སྤྲ ོ ཚོ

166 1,044

39 27

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.-

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of l'ersons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of P'ersons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested,

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

1894,

1895,

1896..

| 1897,

1898,

Total,

26 11 1-1 25 85 31

со

391571 126 33159 6

3252 235 156 391

...

1899,

1900, ..

→

こう

***

55 48 23

71 247 42 20 62 3 1

1 35 32 18 50

ลง

59 45 13 DS1316 57 21 78 7 3

87 21 37 58

1901,..

827

1902,

1903,

7 4.

66) 301

65401

941481

49 2

22 10 18

33333

19 72

132

20 85 5 41

33 17 29

2 19 31 40 71

55 —

389

BSA

434

448

628 2,477

443 2,432 1,023

1,142

220 1,243 194 54 6 60

277 1,419193 58 25 83

888

412

487

2,421

491

483

526 543

570 | 2,742

616 3,281

1,130

1,247

1,565

315 1,445182 56 25 $1

288

* 88

330 1,577256 73

297 1,862412 | 132 |

51124

55 207

Total,..

ఆ

26391 235 | 119 | 354 (1,746 | 260

86346 | 22

11176 11142 253

72,2282,270

Average of 1st period,.5.2 2.2 2.8 5.0 15.0 6.2 1.6 7.8 114.2 25.2 | 6.6 31.8 1.2 0.6 Average of 2nd period,.5.04.0 |1.2 5.2 73.2 47.0 23.8 70.8 349.2 52.0 17.2 69.2|4.4

0.6 (50.447.0 31.2 78.2

362,6 | 368.6

1.8 0.4 2.2 85.2 22.2 28.4 50.6 1.8 1.0 0.4 1.4415.6454,0

374 |2,641 (13,353 6,107 1,439 7,546 【1,237 | 393 | 162 | 555

54.6 423.2 2040.4 936.2 173.6 1129.8 106.4 10.2 25.4 85.6 74.8 528.8 2670.6 1221,4 287.8 1509.2 247.4 78.6 32.4 111.0

YEAR.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons

convicted.

No. of Persons

discharged.

Total No.

arrested.

Cases

reported.

No. of Persons

convicted.

2.-RETURN of MINOR OFFENCES reported to the POLICE, during the 10 Years ending 1903, showing Number of Prisoners Arrested, Convicted and Discharged.

ASSAULT.

GAMBLING.

MISCELLANEOUS.

DRUNKEN-

NUISANCES.

NO LIGHT

OR PASS.

NESS.

No. of Persous

discharged.

Total No.

arrested.

1894,

1,007 1,151

250

1,401

218

843

933

3,806

4,161

428

4,589

302

1895,

538

191

1,210

1,503

860 1,863

171

676

751

5,400

5,968

551 6,519

378

1896,

1,223

2,196

1,135

1,441

219 1,660

126

732

748 4,342

5,147

343

5,190

336

1,245.

1897,

3,477

1,404 1,795

287

2,032

145

666

1898,

1,765

2,880

212

2,622

235

1,077

732 4,122 4,538 1,132 4,531 5,412

412 4,950

307

132

780

150

5,719

161

939

Cases reported.

No. of Persons

convicted.

Total,

6,551

8,270 1,358 9,628

925

3,994

302

4,296

22,201

25,226 2,011 27,267

1,309

4,725

6,014

No of Persous

discharged.

1899,

1,414

1,595

281

1,876

199

661

731

3,170

3,434

320 3,754

133

715

1900,

1,531

1,891

344

2,235

324

1,564

1,599

3,265 3,625

375 4,000

182

1,039

1901,

1,620 2,034

297

2,331

265 1,517

1,559

3,267

3,844

390 4,234

150

466 ·

1902,

1,287

1,667

271

1,938

259 1,378

1,395

3,653

4,562

571

5,133

167

1,057

1903,

1,169 1,539

269 1,808

204

1,101

1,145

4,134

4,475

440

4,915

160

723

Total,..

7,021

8,726 1,462 10,188 1,251 6,221

208

6,429

17,489 19,940

2,096

22,036

792

4,000

Average of 1st period,. 1310.2 Average of 2nd period, 1404.2

1654.0 271.6 1925.6 1745.2 292.4 2037.6

185.0 798.8

250.2 1144.2

60.4 859.2 4440.2 41.6 1285.8 3497.8

5045.2 408.2 5453.4

261.8

945.0

1202.8

3988.0

419.2 4407.2

158.4

800.0

...

Tota No arrested.

Cases

reported.

Cases

reported.

ཅ

Cases

reported.

In 1894,

1895,

3.-CASES REPORTED TO POLICE.

SERIOUS OFFENCES.

2,575 cases.

In 1899,

2,767

1900,

1896, 1897, 1898,

2,314 2,896

1901,

1902,

2,935

1903,

13,487 cases.

3,392 cases.

3,532

3,404

3,998

4,861

19,187 cases.

Increase of 42.26 per cent. in second period.

MINOR OFFENCES.

In 1894,

6,062 cases.

In 1899,

1895,

10,608

1900,

1896,

1897,

1898,

10,661 6,733 7,661

1901,

1902,

1903,

41,725 cases.

5,631 cases.

6,341

5,768

6,423

6,390

30,553 cases.

Decrease of 26.77 per cent. in second period.

In 1894,

Altogether.

8,637 cases.

In 1899,

1895,

13,375

1900,

1896,

12,975

1901,

1897,

9,629

1902,

1898.

10,596

1903,

55,212 cases.

9,023 cases. 9,873

9,172 10,421 11,251

49,710 cases.

Decrease of 9.91 per cent. in second period.

4.-DETAIL OF CASES REPORTED TO POLICE.

SERIOUS OFFENCES.

1894 to 1898. Yearly Average.

1899 to 1903.

Yearly Average.

1. Murder, 2. Robbery,

5.2

5.0

15.2

391

78.2

3. Burglaries and Larcenies in Dwellings,.

571

1142

1,746

349.2

4. Assault with Intent to Rob,.

1.2

4.4

5. Kidnapping, .

252

50.4

176

35.2

6. Piracy,

1.8

7. Unlawful Possession,

.1,813

8. Larcenies,..

.10,202

9. Felonies not already given,

532

362.6 2,040.4 106.4

2,228

445.6

13,353

1,237

2,670.6

247.4

MINOR

1894 to 1898.

OFFENCES.

Yearly Average.

1899 to 1903.

Yearly Average.

10. Assault,

11. Gambling,

12. Miscellaneous,

13. Drunkenness,

14. Nuisances,

15. No Pass or Light,........

6,551

1,310.2

7,021

925

185.0

1,251

..22.201

4,440.2

17,489

1,309

261.8

792

4,725

915.0

4,000

1,404.2

250 2 3,497.8

158.4 800.0

6,014

1,202.8

In 1891,

1895,

1896,

1897, 1898,

In 1894,

1895, 1896,

1897,

", 1898,

5.-NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED BY POLICE.

FOR SERIOUS OFFENCES.

1,498 persous.

In 1899,

1,871

1900,

.1,641

1901,

1,842 1,858

1902,

1993,

.1,938 persons. .2,232 .2,168

.2,476 "" .2,928 >>

11,742 persons.

8,710 persons.

FOF MINOR OFFENCES.

Excepting Nos. 13, 14 and 15 (See Table 2) of which no details are given.

.6,361 persons. .7,834

.6,923 persons.

In 1899,

..9,133

1900,

7,898 .7,764 9,473

1901,

وو

1902,

1903,

41,191 persons.

.8,124

.8,456

.7,868

38,643 persons.

Altogether excepting Nos. 13, 14 and 15.

In 1894,

8,421 persons.

In 1899,

1895,

.11,001

1900,

1896,

1897, 1898.

9,539 9,606

1901,

1902,

.11,331

1903,

49,903 persons.

6.-DETAILS OF NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED

FOR SERIOUS OFFENCES.

1. Murder,

2. Robbery with Violence from Person,

3. Burglaries and Larcenies from Dwellings,

4. Assault with Intent to Rob,

5. Kidnapping,

6. Piracy,

7. Unlawful Possession,

8. Larcenies,

9. Felonies not given,

10. Assault,

11. Gambling,

12. Miscellaneous,

13. Drunkenness,

14. Nuisances,

15. No Pass or Light,

8,299 persons. .10,066 .10,292 10,982 .10,796

50,385 persons.

1894 to 1898.

1899 to 1903.

354

159

346

391

253

2,116

2,644

5,649

7,546

328

555

8,710

11,742

FOR MINOR OFFENCES.

1894 to 1898.

1899 to 1903.

9,628

4,296

10,188 6,429

27,267

22,036 -

1,309

792

4,725

4,000

6,011

53,239

43,145

7.-NUMBER OF PERSONS CONVICTED AND DISCHARGED

FOR SERIOUS OFFENCES.

Platja dan 3 W SPA LARGE

Convicted.

Discharged.

Convicted.

Discharged.

In 1894,

1,224

274

In 1899,

.1,589

349

1895,

..1,478

393

1900,

..1,779

453

1896,

1,378

263

1901,

.1,710

459

1897,

.1.497

345

1902,

.1,923

515

1898,

..1,654

204

1908,

.2,401

527

7,231

1,479

9,410

2,332

FOR MINOR OFFENCES.

Convicted.

Discharged.

Convicted.

Discharged.

In 1894,

6,155

768

In 1899,

.5,690

671

1895,

.8.147

986

1900,

.7,080

754

多少

1896,

.7,320

578

1901,

7,395

729

1897,

.6,999

765

1902,

7,607

849

1898,

.8,869

604

1903,

.7,115

753

37,490

8,701

34,887

3,756

Altogether cæcepting Nos. 13, 14 and 15.

Convicted.

Discharged.

Convicted.

Discharged.

In 1894,

7,379

1,012

In 1899,

..7.279

1,020

1895,

9,625

1,379

1900,

وو

..8,359

1,207

1896,

8,698

841

1901,

...9,105

1,187

1897,

8,496

1,110

1902,

.9.239

1,391

1898.

.10,523

808

1903,

..9,516

1,280

44,721

5,180

41,297

6,088

(Enclosure No. 1.)

POLICE OFFICE,

13th January, 1904.

SIR,-I have the honour to submit a report on the distribution of Police in the New Territory during 1903. The Table attached shews the distribution in New Territory for 1903. A reduction was made in September, which is given in the seventh column, with the dates of the reduction in the remarks column.

There were 14 Europeans, 96 Indians, and 43 Chinese with 10 Boatmen stationed in the New Territory on land up to September: after September the num- bers of Indians was reduced to 80, while another crew of five boatmen was added.

Six Europeans and 40 Chinese did duty on the launches; the increase in Chinese being due to the stationing of a larger launch at Tai Po, requiring a double

crew.

Table of Serious Crime attached. The increase in the gang robberies was not due to a general relapse but was the work especially of two particular gangs: most of the members of both have been arrested and convicted. The last two months of the year shewed an immediate improvement in consequence.

Kat O Station was closed on 18th September; a temporary Station of 7 Indians was opened at Castle Peak on May 7th, and was again closed on September 7th,

Major CHAN LEUNG KIT, who has been in charge of the Chinese Force station- ed over the border for the last few years, was transferred from the district in December, 1903. No one appears to have been sent as yet to take his place, and while this is so, incursions across the frontier may be expected to increase. It will be difficult under any circumstances to find a substitute for Major CHAN's ability and energy.

The Police were employed in addition to usual Police duties in collecting Crown Rent a task which occupies a great deal of time-and in acting as Bailiffs for the execution of Land Court Distress Warrants. The Water Police have further licensed boats and received the fees on account of the Harbour Master.

I have, &c.,

E. R. HALLIFAX,

Acting Deputy Superintendent of Police.

Capt. LYONS,

Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

Table showing Serious Crime.

1900.

1901. 1902.

1903.

Gang Robberies,

Boat and Junk Robberies,

Highway and Street Robberies,

EUROPEANS.

DISTRIBUTION OF POLICE IN THE NEW TERRITORY DURING THE YEAR 1903.

CHINESE CREWS OF

INDIANS.

CHINESE.

LAUNCHES AND

BOATS.

Assistant Supt. of

Police.

Inspector.

Police Sergeants.

Police Constables.

Police Sergeants.

Indian Constables.

Reductions.

Sergt. Interpreter.

Chinese Constables.

Sergeants. Coxswains.

Engineers.

Stokers.

Seamen.

Boatmen.

Boatswain.

211

...

1 1

Kowloon City,.

Sai Kung,

Sha Tin, Sha Tin Gap, Tai Po,......... Sha Tau Kok,

Kat 0,..

Sheung Shui,

San Tin,

Au Tau,

Ping Shan,

...

REMARKS.

...

1 European Constable temporarily withdrawn on the 5th November, 1903.

2 Indian Constables withdrawn on 17th September, 1903.

1 Indian Constable withdrawn on 17th September, 1903.

All men withdrawn from Kat O on the 18th September, 1903, and Station closed. 1 Indian Constable withdrawn from Sheung Shui on the 31st May, 1903. 2 Indian Constables withdrawn on the 18th September, 1903.

5 Indian Constables and 1 Sergeant were sent to Castle Peak for duty on the 7th of May and withdrawn on the 7th of September. 2. Indian Constables were withdrawn from Ping Shan on the 18th of Sept., 1903.

Tai O,

...

Tung Chung,

Cheung Chow,

Lamma,

Water Police,

:..

...

20-

::*:

Total,....

1 13

16 80

11 | 29

620

At Aberdeen.

(Enclosure No. 2.)

POLICE SCHOOL,

VICTORIA, 19th January, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit to you the Report on the Police School for the year 1903.

(1.) Mr. DEALY, the Master in charge, being still absent on leave, I remained in charge; Mr. RALPHS of Queen's College acting second.

(2.) During the year, the School was open on 98 days, with a total attendance of 4,236, giving a daily average attendance of 43.2.

(3.) As in former years, two examinations for European Police Constables were held--one in February, and the other in August. At the February examination 10 men presented themselves and 8 passed, viz. :-European Police Constables 13, 29, 49, 63, 65, 69, 74, 116. At the August examination 7 men presented themselves and 4 passed, viz. :-European Police Constables 23, 37, 54, 79.

(4.) As sanctioned by you, I held an examination for Indian Police Constables and Gaol Warders during the months of September and October (under Section 5 page 179, Regulation Book).

At this examination 6 Indian Police Constables passed, viz.:-549, 612, 633, 682, 780, 786; and 2 Assistant Warders, viz. :-40, 48. These eight men received the usual certificates of examination.

(5.) The total number of men on the Roll during 1903 was 377, made up as follows:-

European Police Constables,

Indian Police Constables,

Gaol Staff,

Chinese Police Constables, Garden Boys,

150

137

377

To the

I have, &c.,

CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE.

ARTHUR W. GRANT, B.A. (Cantab.), Assistant-in-charge.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

INCREASE TO THE POLICE FORCE.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

(No. 511.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 6th November, 1903.

SIR, I recently referred the question of increasing the Police Force to the Colonial Secretary and Acting Captain Superintendent of Police for report, and I have now the honour to inform you that this question has been carefully considered by the Colonial Secretary and Captain LYONS, who had, under date of the 29th September, asked that 50 Chinese Police might be temporarily engaged and paid for out of lapsing salaries in the Department in order to tide over the season immedi- ately preceding the Chinese New Year, when there is usually an accession of crime.

2. It is found that, owing to the extension of the area of the City by the Praya Reclamation which is now largely built over, the extensive building that has taken place on the new roads on the upper levels (Macdonnell and Conduit Roads) and ex- tensions of the City eastwards, the addition of 21 night beats and 17 day beats in the City of Victoria is required. To keep these beats covered 55 men are required, while 14 additional men are wanted to cover new beats and patrols in the Kowloon Peninsula rendered necessary by the large additions of buildings that have been made there recently.

Owing to the increase in the Chinese population, which it is estimated is greater by 33,000 persons than it was in 1901 when the last census was taken, and to the increased number of steamers running between Hongkong, Canton and Macao, all of which have to be watched by the Police, an increase of 6 men is required for the Chinese Detective Staff. This makes a total of 75 men.

3. The Police in the New Territory have, however, during last year and this year, been reduced by 21 men, and these men are already utilised to cover some of the new ground. Consequently after making due allowance for men sick and on leave it is calculated that an addition of 60 Constables will amply suffice for all present requirements. From this number, 10 already provided for in 1904 Estimates (2 of the 12 men actually provided are required for Capsuimun Station) can be de- ducted, leaving 50 as the number to be provided.

4. The Acting Captain Superintendent of Police recommends, and I concur with him, that the 50 men should be Chinese Constables of the 2nd class, and I attach a statement* which shows that the cost of this addition to the Force and of appoint- ing 6 more Chinese Detectives will be $10,360 for next year.

5. The Colonial Secretary also made certain recommendations for improving the conditions of service of the Chinese Land and Water Police. I approve of all of these recommendations and I have included them in the statement attached.* If they receive your sanction the total additional expenditure involved will be $4,215, in- cluding certain increases to the Chinese Barrack and Station Sergeants in the Water Police, which have been recommended by Captain LYONS.

6. In order to house these additional Police, I recommend that another storey be added to the Central Police Station.

This will give accommodation for 54 additional Asiatic Police besides provid- ing, by a re-arrangement of rooms, increased store and office accommodation, both of which are much needed owing to the large increase in numbers of the Force since the acquisition of the New Territory, and the addition of an Assistant Superintend- ent of Police for Victoria, who has at present no office.

* Included in Financial Minute No. 4 of 1904,

The Barracks are at present so overcrowded that some 25 Chinese Constables are housed in a matshed in the compound of the Station. This is a very unsatis- fatory arrangement. The additional storey will enable these men to be brought within the building and will also afford accommodation for those of the extra Police (25) who will be allocated to the Central District. Room can be found in the Eastern and Western Districts of the City for the additional men allocated to them, while in the Kowloon Peninsula some additional accommodation can be provided at small cost at Yaumati and Hunghom.

7. The cost of an additional storey to the Central Police Station is estimated at $28,000, while $500 will be required to accommodate some 50 of the Police who must vacate a portion of the Barracks during the alteration.

I have to ask your authority to incur this expenditure, together with the sum necessary to defray the cost of increase of Police and of salaries shewn in the Schedule.*

9. I attach copy of a report* which I called for from the Senior Police Magis- trate and the Acting Captain Superintendent of Police on the increase of crime and increased number of prisoners in the Gaol. This report shews that there was a large increase in crime in the first quarter of the current year and a still further increase in the third quarter of the year.

This increase in crime is, in my opinion, largely due to the increased number of steamers running between Hongkong and Canton and Hongkong and Macao and to the reduction of fares as the result of competition in the traffic.

Six steamers run daily now to Canton, whereas formerly there were only 3, and the fares have been reduced since the end of last year from 60 cents to 30 cents for Chinese 2nd class passengers.

A thief can visit Hongkong from Canton for 60 cents now, and this no doubt tempts many to do so while the increased channels of escape make the detection of crime more difficult.

10. I consider therefore that the increase in Police is urgently required and should you approve of the recommendations made I should be glad if you would telegraph your sanction in order that steps may be taken to increase the accommo- dation at the Central Station during the dry season and for recruiting the necessary men.--I have, &c.,

1903.

H. A. BLAKE,

Governor.

Secretary of State's approval received by Telegram dated the 14th December,

* Not printed.

HONGKONG.

GKC

POLICE PROBATIONERS:

HONGKONG, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, AND FEDERATED MALAY STATES.

No. 35

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of* His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

The Secretary of State for the Colonies to the Officer Administering the Government of Hongkong.

HONGKONG, No. 107.

DOWNING STREET,

8th April, 1904.

SIR,-With reference to Sir H. BLAKE'S despatch No. 433* of the 10th of September last, I have the honour to enclose for your information 6 copies of a Notice which is being issued on the subject of the appointment of Probationers to the Police Force of Hongkong, the Straits Settlements, and the Federated Malay States, together with four copies of the Regulations* for admission to the Indian Police Force.

2. I have decided that the examination for these posts shall be the same as that for the Indian Police Force, and on the results of the examination to be held in next June, I propose to select one Probationer for Hongkong, two for the Straits Settlements, and three for the Federated Malay States.

3. You will observe that the degree of amalgamation of the Force is similar to that which prevails in the Cadet service; i.e., officers will as a rule look for pro- motion only in the States or in that Colony to which they are assigned, but they will be liable to be transferred if it is considered desirable.

4. In view of the small number of Police posts in Hongkong I have not thought it advisable to adopt in that Colony the two grades of Assistant Superintendent contemplated in Sir F. SWETTENHAM's scheme.

5. I do not think it necessary to grant to Police officers retiring on medical certificate with less than 10 years' service, the special advantages proposed in that scheme, and I have adopted the title Probationer rather than Cadet on the analogy of the Indian practice and to avoid confusion with the Civil Service Cadets. The name will also show that the officer is strictly on probation as is indicated in para- graph 8 of the notification.

6. You will observe that the rules as to examinations in native languages, etc., contained in Sir F. SWETTENHAM's scheme are not embodied in the enclosed print but are referred to in paragraph 7 as regulations to be made from time to time by the local Government. I should be glad if you would cause regulations on this subject to be drawn up and a number of copies forwarded to me as soon as possible for reference in this Department.

7. I have not thought it desirable to adopt the suggestion made in Sir H. BLAKE's despatch No. 327* of the 1st July last, as to interchangeability of officers of the Police service and Cadet service as I do not think that officers appointed as Police Probationers should have any claim to appointments in the Cadet service; but, as indicated in the last paragraph of the enclosed notification, Cadet officers may still be appointed, if thought fit, to posts in the Police Department.

I have, &c.,

1904

* Not printed.

ALFRED LYTTELTON.

502

(Enclosure in No. 107,)

HONGKONG, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, AND FEDERATED MALAY STATES POLICE PROBATIONERS,

1. With the view of supplying the Police Service of Hongkong, the Straits Settlements, and the Federated Malay States, Probationerships have been estab- lished, the holders of which will be required to serve in either of the above meu- tioned Colonies or in the States, and to devote themselves for a certain time after their arrival in the East to learning one or more native languages. Probationers appointed to this service will in the first instance be allotted to the States or to one or other of the Colonies, and will, as a rule, look for promotion only in the States or in that Colony, but it must be distinctly understood that they will be liable to be transferred at any time from one to another, at the discretion of the Secretary of State, without being given compensation for any special local privileges or allow-

ances.

2. The Probationers will be selected by open competitive examination held by the Civil Service Commissioners, to whom all inquiries on the subject should be addressed.

The examination for these appointments will, as a rule, be held in the month of June or July, in those years in which vacancies have occurred, simultaneously with the examination for the Indian Police Force in the same subjects and the same papers. Candidates may compete for both the Indian and Colonial services at the same time.

Applications for admission to the combined examination should be addressed to the Secretary, Judicial and Public Department, India Office, in the manner laid down in the Regulations for admission to the Indian Police Force, issued by that Department. These Regulations also contain full information as to the subjects for examination.

Applications for admission to the examination of candidates for the Police Forces of the Colonies and Federated Malay States only should be addressed to the Eastern Department of the Colonial Office. They inust reach that Department not later than the 1st of May.

3. Candidates must be between the ages* of 19 and 21 on the first day of June in the year in which the examination is held. They must be unmarried, and if they marry before reaching the East they will forfeit their appointments.

Every Candidate must be a British subject of European descent, and at the time of his birth his father must have been a British subject, either natural-born or naturalized in the United Kingdom. He must satisfy the Civil Service Commis- sioners that he is duly qualified in respect of health and character, must be of sound constitution, possessed of good sight and physically qualified for service in a trop- ical climate. Successful candidates will be called upon to undergo a strict medical examination, similar, to that required in the case of Indian Police appointments, to test these points.

4. The successful Candidates will be allotted, as and when opportunity offers, to one of the Colonies or to the States upon a consideration of all the circumstances, including their own wishes; but the requirements of the Public Service will rank

* In reckoning age for competition, members of the Militia, the Imperial Yeomanry, the Honourable Artil- lery Company, the Volunteers, or the South African Constabulary (whether commissioned or non-com- missioned), may deduct from their actual age any time (not exceeding 18 months) spent on actual military service in connection with tl e war in South Africa, such time being reckoned by the number of lays for which they received Army Pay.

{

503

before every other consideration, and the Secretary of State will retain full discre- tion to allot as he thinks fit.

5. The selected Candidates will be expected to leave England about a month after the results of the examination are announced. A free passage to the Colony or State will be provided for the Probationer, subject to an undertaking to refund the cost of his passage in the event of his relinquishing the appointment within three years for any other reason than mental or physical infirmity.

6. Each Probationer will receive salary at the rate of £225 per annum, half salary to commence from the day of leaving England, and full salary from the date of his arrival in the Colony or State to which he may be sent.

7. Every Probationer on arrival in the Colony or State to which he may be sent will be subject to any regulations as to Probationers (not inconsistent with this paper) which may from time to time be made by the Local Government, in- cluding regulations as to examinations, in native languages, &c. A Probationer who has passed such examinations will be paid at the rate of £300 per annum until he obtains a substantive appointment. Should a Probationer remain three years, after passing his examinations, without obtaining a substantive appointment, his salary will be increased to £350.

8. Any Probationer who may fail to pass the prescribed examinations within four years, or be found unfit for Police duties, will be liable to removal from the service. Any Probationer so removed from the service will be granted a free passage to England, provided that he utilizes such passage within three months from the date of his removal.

9. Subject to the necessities of the service, leave of absence on half salary may be granted after a period of six years' resident service without any special grounds. It may be given before the expiration of that period in cases of serious indisposi- tion, or of urgent private affairs. In the absence of special grounds, the leave in such case must not exceed one-sixth of the officer's resident service; on special grounds it may exceed that period by six months. In addition to the above. vacation leave on full pay may be granted, if no inconvenience or expense is caused thereby, not exceeding three months in any two years.

10. The present rule as to superannuation is that in the case of ill health an officer may be allowed to retire on a pension after ten full years' resident service : otherwise he must have attained the age of 55. For ten full years' resident service fifteen-sixtieths of the average annual salary of the retiring officer's fixed appoint- ments for the three years prior to retirement may be awarded, to which one-sixtieth may be added for each additional year's service; but no addition will be made in respect of any service beyond 35 years. For pension purposes absence on vacation leave counts as full service, and leave on half pay as half service.

11. A deduction of 4 per cent. will be made from the salaries of all Proba- tioners as a contribution to one or other of the Widows' or Orphans' Pension Funds of the two Colonies or of the Federated Malay States, from the date at which they qualify by passing the above-mentioned examinations.

12. The currency of Hongkong, the Straits Settlements, and the Federated Malay States is a silver dollar currency, and for purposes of local payment the sterling salaries referred to in paragraphs 6, 7 and 13 of this print will be converted into dollars at a rate to be fixed by the Government, and based upon the average exchange value of the dollar during the month ending on the fifteenth of the mouth for which salary is to be paid.

504

13. The Police Service of these Colonies and States has been classified as fol- lows, but no guarantee is given that the numbers and conditions of the appoint- ments or the salaries attached to them will remain unaltered. Moreover, some of the posts included in these classes will not be exclusively confined to officers ori- ginally appointed as Probationers.

Colony, &c.

Class.

Number of posts.

Initial salary.

Rising by triennial in Maximum. crements of

Hongkong

Assistant Superin- | Two

360

540

tendents

Deputy Superintend- One

600

720

ent

Captain Superintend- One

800

100

1,000

ent

Straits Settlements......

Assistant

Superin-

360

480

tendents (Grade

II)

Assistant Superin-

Eight

540

660

tendents (Grade

Superintendents...... Three

720

840

Inspector-General

One

900

1,000

Federated Malay States. Assistant Commis-

360

480

sioners (Grade II)

Seven

Assistaut Commis-

540

660

sioners (Grade

Deputy Commission-Two

ers

Commissioner

One

720

840

900

1,000

Free quarters will be provided for all the above-mentioned officers, and also-

for Probationers.

COLONIAL OFFICE, 6th April, 1904.

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE POST OFFICE FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

No. 36

1904

No. 35.

GENERAL POST OFFICE, HONGKONG, 13th April, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit the Annual Report on the Hongkong Post Office for the year 1903.

DEPARTMENTAL CHANGES.

2. Mr. E. C. LEWIS, the Assistant Postmaster General, went on leave on March 3rd, and on June 5th I was appointed to act in his stead. On October 2nd Mr. L. A. M. JOHNSON proceeded to Weihaiwei on public business and on his return was appointed to act as Treasurer. I was appointed to act as Postmaster General in place of Mr. JOHNSTON.

3. I attach a Table A shewing the actual number of Registered Articles and Insured Letters dealt with in this office during the year. The insured letters shew an increase of 177 per cent. on the figures of the previous year. It is probable that there has also been an increase in the number of Registered Articles, but comparison is difficult owing to the fact that for 1903 the figures represent the actual number of covers which passed through the office, while those for 1902 were an approximation. Table B shews the number of Bags, Packets, etc, which has been dealt with by this office. All the figures except Parcel Boxes despatched shew an increase, while the Packets and Bags which have passed through in transit have increased by 20,000. There is also an increase in the number of steamers carry- ing mails which have arrived and departed, the figures being 16,684 for the year under review as against 15,858 in 1902.

POSTAGE STAMPS.

4. I append a table shewing the monthly sales of stamps in Hongkong. The total amount was $351,306.64 an increase of $86,885.81 on the sales of the pre- vious year.

5. The sales of stamps at the British Agencies will be found in table D. The amount was $81,406.50 shewing a decrease of $8,839.52 on the takings of the previous year. The Shanghai and Canton offices are responsible for $7,276.97 of this decrease. In the former case the opening of the Siberian route to mails sent by foreign offices before the British office was able to send mails doubtless took away business from the Shanghai Agency. The decrease in Canton is due probably to the improved methods in the Imperial Chinese Office. There is little doubt that this will occur in other Agencies and that as the Chinese Postal Service comes into line with other countries in the Union, the receipts from the British Agencies will diminish.

PARCEL POst.

Statistics of Parcels for the year 1903 are given in Table E. A direct com- parison of figures with those of the previous year is impossible as the figures for 1903 are actual.

The space provided in the Parcel Branch is inadequate. Structural alterations have been made in the Registration and Parcel Branch and there is now sufficient space for carrying on the ordinary routine work of the office but the rooms are too small for dealing in a satisfactory manner with the mails which arrive by the contract packets.

294

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

The Revenue and Expenditure for the year will be found in Table F. The Revenue received from all sources was $414,867.20 as compared with $387,066.19 in 1902. The Expenditure was $334,177.40 as against $316,240.12 during the previous year. The profit made by the Post Office on the year's transactions was $80,689.80.

MONEY ORDERS.

The Money Order business done during the year 1903 was $790,642.10. A detailed statement will be found in Table G. The sales of Imperial and Local Postal Notes are given in Tables H and I.

Imperial Postal Notes sold during the year amounted to £6,667.5s., an increase of £640. 18s. 4. as compared with the notes sold in 1902. Local Postal Notes to the value of $12,926.25 were sold which is an increase of $2,492.18 on the amount sold during the previous year.

GENERAL.

The Siberian route was first used for the transmission of closed mails from the British Offices in China and Hongkong in November. The Postal Rates are the same as those charged via Suez.

Conventions relating to the direct exchange of Parcels were arranged with the United States of America and Batavia.

I have, &c.,

S. B. C. ROSS, Acting Postmaster General.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

Table A.

Actual Numbers of Registered and Insured Letters, &c., Received and Despatched

during the year 1903.

DESCRIPTION

CORRESPONDENCE.

DES-

PATCHED.

RECEIVED. TOTAL.

TOTAL

IN 1902.

COMPARISON WITH 1902.

INCREASE. DECREASE.

REGISTERED.

Articles,

194,257 278,003 472,260

175,510

INSURED.

Letters......

259

241

503

284

219

3.250

295

Table B.

Mail Bags, Sc.. Received and Despatched during the year 1903.

Males

for from

Hongkong.

Mails Mails for Mails sent

for Foreign H.M.'s Men-of- Ships. War.

Number of

transit Steamers bringing

through

Mails.

Ordinary.

Registered.

Hongkong.

Bags.

Packets.

Loose Let- ter Boxes.

Bags.

Packets,

Parcel Boxes.

Bags. Bags.

Bags and Packets.

Arrivals.

Depar-

tures.

Despatched. 43,367 2.716

1.652

11.615

5.455

3.920 3.555 3,955

42,808

8,174 : 8.510°

Received,... 31,940 2.617 1,273

11.770

4.084 3.972 1.039 2,880

Table C.

Sale of Stumps at Hongkong, 1902 and 1903.

1902.

1903.

January,

$27,351.40

$25,565.04

February,

18,789.34

23,060.96

March,

21,506.40

25,176.87

April,

24,811.53

24,932.04

May,

21,044.75

25,883.97

June,

19,257.21

29,054.24

July,

19,419.77

36,819.72

August,

18,968.05

31,175.10

September,

20,590.42

30,786.30

October,..

22,120.01

31,792.08

November,

24,788.07

31,441.61

December,

25.773.88

35,618.71

Total,......

$264,420.83

$351,306.64

Amoy,

Canton,

Chefoo,

296

Table D.

Sale of Stamps at the British Post Offices in China, 1902 and 1903.

1903.

$ 4,459.35

9,189.13

820.30

...

1902.

.$ 6,136.08

12,697.06

Foochow,

6,263.08

4,633.90

Hankow,

3,458.31

2,843.51

Hoihow,

1,036.33

1,238.60

Liu Kung Tau,.

3,764.63

4,665.39

Ningpo,

579.25

508.89

Shanghai,

50,019.06

Swatow,

6,292.22

46,250.02

6,797.41

Total,.

.$90,246.02

$ 81,406.50

;

Table E.

Statistics of Parcels for the Year 1903.

DESPATCHED TO,

On-

DINARY.

INSURED.

RECEIVED FROM.

OR-

DINARY.

INSURED.

United Kingdom,.

11,279

2,774

United Kingdom, .

9,330

1,256

Do.

via Br...

.386

322

Do.

viâ Br.,...

326

164

Do.

viâ Mar.,

Do.

viâ Mar.,

697

243

India,...

2,437

668

India,..

2,258

354

Germany,

185

80 Germany,

1,192

France.

France,

638

Australia,

615

Australia,

503

Ceylon,

110

12 Ceylon,

255

Malta and Gibraltar,

122

Egypt, Canada & Mauritius,

244

Egypt, Canada & Mauritius,

972

124

Others places,

9.198

377

Other places,.....

9,835

684

Total,.....

24,492

4.252

Total,................

26,128

2,825

Table F.

Revenue and Expenditure.

Receipts.

1902.

1908.

Increase. Decrense.

Expenditure.

1902.

1903. Increase.

Decrease.

Sale of Stamps.......

Unpaid Postage.

Boxholders' Fees,.

Commission on Money i

Orders.

353.942 99873,877.73

8,076.10 8,432.03 355.93

4.800.83 5.272.67 471,84

Profit on Exchange ou | Money Order Tran- sactions,

10,572.03 14,729.90 4.157.87

7,268.17 11.539.69 4,271.52

Transit Payment to the? United Kingdom, ...)

Transit Payment to

Other Countries,.

Gratuities to Shipmast- ers for the Conveyan- ce of Mails,

19,934.74

60.743.02

63,955.59 3.212.57

35.742 83 41.500.42

5,757.59

Interest on Money Or-}

der Fund,

1,887.06 419.06

Void Money Orders and Postal Notes,

519.01

590.12

77.11

7.624.81 8,279.28 654.47

1,168.00

Contribution towards

P. & U. Subsidy.

Commission on Money

Orders,

Working Expenses,

Balance,

68,911,00 70.448.05

1,537.05

1,810.85

2.090.87

280.02

141,407,61 147,903.19 |

70,826.07; 80.689.80]

6,495.58

9,863.73

Totals.. $ 387.066.19 | 414,867.20 | 20.269.01

1.468.00

Totals,

$ 387,066.19414,867.20

27,801.01

Table G.

STATEMENT OF MONEY ORDER TRANSACTIONS FOR THE YEAR 1903.

IN STERLING.

IN GOLD DOLLARS.

IN GOLD YEN.

IN RUPEES.

IN SILVER DOLLARS.

Orders Issued. Orders Paid. Orders Issued. Orders Paid. Orders Issued. Orders Paid. Orders Issued. Orders Paid. Orders Issued. Orders Paid.

s. d. £ S. d.

United Kingdom, Queensland,

New South Wales,

Victoria,

16,089

46,239 15 3

Yen. Sen. Yen. Sen.!

Rs As. RS

....

As.

139 3

6 12,127 0

585 19 9

284 13 4

South Australia,

Western Australia,

Tasmania,

24 14 0

83 0 0

New Zealand,

United States of America and Hawaii,

Canada,

2,636 18 3 1,752 17 8 1,702 6 8

667 12 3 74 11 8 468 12 6 214 14 10 1,042 7 9

3,846 96

1,648 08

15,163 59

2,488 21

Japan,

141,757 42 26,230 32

India,..

264,104

Ceylon,

3,852

106,015

4,200 4

Straits Settlements,

5,210

British North Borneo,.

320 42

22,461 08

8,497 29

Siam,

1,265 26

1,111 91

Shanghai,

41,369 38

21,114 44

Other Coast Posts,

38,562 78

Base Post Office,

1,349 92

Total for 1903,.

17,495 18 5 26,637 10 6

Total for 1902,..........

5,495 01

8 27,728 16,085 5 8 27,728 16 11 6,840 59

17,651 80

13,871 84

141,757 42 26,230 32 267,956 9 · 110,215 11 156,596 71 7,300 06187,287 14 98,959

48,165 66

93,097 42

2❘

15,980 97

40,573 91

297

298

Table H.

Statement of Imperial Postal Notes sold at Hongkong and the British Postal

Agencies during the Year 1903.

VALUES.

PLACE.

d. s.

T-

2:6

10/-

10/6

20!--

Sterling value.

s. d.

Hoihow.

Canton,

21**

37 13 6

४

186

258 17 0

Swatow,

100 12 6

Amoy.

116 15 6

Foochow,

132

196 8 6

Haukow,

130

176 17 0.

Ningpo,

67 17 0

Chefoo,

83 00

Lin Kung Tau,,

255

166

286 i

322

409

706 7 0

Shanghai,

330

328

302 İ

345 |

9 611

911 16 6

Hongkong,

1,020

765 217

9121,320

412,965 4,010 06

Total in 1903,

2,028 1,613

377 1,758 2,356

1404,708 6,667 50

Total in 1902,

£ 6,026 67}

Increase,.

640 18 43

Table I.

Statement of Local Postal Notes sold at Hongkong and the British Postal Agencies during the Year 1903.

VALUES.

PLACE.

25 cts. 50 ets. $1

$10

Amount.

Hankow,

Hoihow,

Lin Kung Tan,............

Shanghai,

Hongkong. Canton.

Swatow,

Amoy,

Foochow,

Ningpo.

Chefoo,

ོརྞ ཞེ╗འབམ ེ ཡ

71 108

600.50 1,724.75

662.75

147

2,020.75

115 148

2,416.50

778.50

773.25

58 11

@1ཀླ

1,229.75

1,087.25

1,304.75

827.50

Total in 1908,

201

274 187 200 224

250 506 795

12,926.25

Total in 1902,

10,434.07

Increase,

2,492.18

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

SIR,

PUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, March 28th, 1904.

I have the honour to forward you my Report upon the work of the Public Works Department during the year 1903.

I have, &c.,

W. CHATHAM,

Director of Public Works.

The Honourable

A. M. THOMSON,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

EXPENDITURE.

1. The amounts voted, as compared with those actually expended by the Department, under the various headings, were as follows:-

(1.) Personal Emoluments and

Other Charges,

(2.) Annually Recurrent Works, (3.) Extraordinary Works,......

AMOUNTS VOTED.

Actual Expenditure.

In Estimates.

Supplementary Votes.

Total.

$ 213,849.50 $

481,500.00 911,000.00*

6,672.21 $ 220,521.71 106,050.00 183,058.36

190,121.12

584,550.00 1,094,058.36*

529,579.98 629,831.04†

Total,

$ 1,606,349.50 $ 292,780.57 $1,899,130.07 $ 1,349,532.14

Detailed statements of items (2.) and (3.) are given in Appendices A. and B. Item (1.) shows a large increase (about $65,000 in the amount voted and $74,600 in the amount expended) over the corresponding item in 1902, but this is principally accounted for by the fact that Exchange Compensation was for the first time included in the Departmental Estimates and Expenditure instead of, as in former years, in the Vote for "Miscellaneous Services." There were also however some additions to the Staff of the Department.

The principal increases in expenditure under item (2.) occurred in connection with the following:

Drainage Works Miscellaneous, largely due to training

of nullahs,

Water Works Miscellaneous, principally caused by reconstruction of aqueduct from Tytam West Catchwater and channel alongside catchwater for dry-weather flow of streams,

.$16,700

12,600

Miscellaneous Works,

13,600

Maintenance of Water Works, City and Hill District,

principally due to cleaning out Pokfulam Reservoir, pumping water from Tytam Tuk and additional pumping to High Levels,

15,000

*Exclusive of Vote for Government Piers in connection with Praya Reclamation Works, amounting to $20,000.

Exclusive of Expenditure on Praya Reclamation Works and Government Piers.

164

With regard to item (3.) several works were undertaken which were not contemplated when the Estimates were prepared, thus rendering it impossible to proceed with others which were provided for in the Estimates, and in a number of cases the expenditure fell much below what was anticipated. This was notably the case in connection with the Kowloon Water Works Scheme, owing to the large quantity of inferior rock which had to be excavated from the site of the dam; the Resumption of Insanitary Property, negotiations with regard to which are apt to be somewhat prolonged; the construction of the Law Courts, owing to the difficulty experienced in obtaining a reasonable tender for the work; the construction of the Western Market and Harbour Office, owing to pressure of other work delaying the preparation of the plans, &c.; the works for increasing the supply of water to the Peak, in consequence of the pumping_machinery not being received; and the abandonment of the proposal to erect Public Fountains throughout the greater portion of the City.

LAND SALES AND SURVEYS.

2. Land Sales, Extensions, Grants, &c.-The following tabulated statement gives particulars of these:-

No. OF LOTS. AREA IN SQUARE FEET.

ANNUAL CROWN RENT.

PREMIUM.

Total.

Sales by Auction.

Island of Hongkong,

Kowloon Peninsula...

New Territory,

204,997 44,000 89,359

2,010)

338,356

252 196

2,458

457,608.00 6,652.00 3,838.00

468,098.00

Possessory Agreements

issued.

Praya Reclamation Lots

taken up by Lessees,..

Extensions granted.

Island of Hongkong, Kowloon Peninsula,.

Grants on Short Leases.

Island of Hongkong, Kowloon Peninsula,

Permits to Occupy Land for Short Periods.

171,827

3,254

Nil.

3,942 84,065

88,007 {

30 228

258

552.00 7,950.00

8,502.00

10 00

{

41,516

26,900

68,416

5,505)

282(

5,787

Nil.

Island of Hongkong,

Kowloon Peninsula,.

New Territory,

Grants on Nominal Terms.

Island of Hongkong,

Kowloon l'eninsula,..

Re-adjustments of Boundaries.

Island of Hongkong,

Kowloon Peninsula,....

Conversions of Short Leases into 75

Years Leuses.

915*

320*

1,276*

Nil.

41*

1 132.011

67,725

199,736

Nil.

5.4201 13,016 (

18,436

27 643

070

637.66 3,002.00

3,639.66

Island of Hongkong,

Kowloon Peninsula,...

108 1

109

63,148 )

1,603

64,751

392 1 4(

396

8,232.20 551.00

8,783.20

Conversions of Garden Lots into Inland Lots,

Kowloon Peninsula,......

646

704.00

140,841

1,090,370

Tutals,.......

277

or 25.03 acres.

$14,749

$489,726.86

* These amounts are not entirely Annual Crown Rents, as some of the permits are for very short periods.

165

The actual amount of premium paid into the Treasury during the year was $512,997.66, or considerably more than the estimate, which amounted to $350,000. It included the following sums, which do not appear in the above tabulated statement:-

Commutation of Crown rent for Kowloon Marine

Lot 36, acquired by the Admiralty, ...........$ 12,650.00 Premia derived from sale of rights to erect piers,... 10,107.50 Fees for boundary stones to mark lots,

1,242.50

It will be observed that the New Territory appears for the first time as having contributed to the revenue derived from land sales. The transactions were however unimportant. The following are details of some of the principal land sales :-

NUMBER OF LOT.

AREA. SQUARE FEET.

CROWN RENT.

PREMIUM.

PRICE FER SQUARE FOOT.

Marine Lot

282

35.910

$660

$274,025

$7.63

284

15,200

280

133,525

8.78

281

16,000

220

8,015

.50

Inland Lot

1,704

14,924

102

10,645

.71

Shau-ki-wan Lot

396

6,300

6,225

.98

Kowloon Inland Lot

1,150

44,000

252

6,652

.15

•

One lot was put up for auction but the applicant failed to bid for it and his deposit of $100-a sum which is required as a guarantee of good faith in the case of all applications to purchase land-was forfeited to Government.

The extensions granted were mostly unimportant. They included a small area to the North of Conduit Road adjoining Inland Lot 713 and 5 small areas near Tai Hang Village. The only one of consequence was in connection with Kowloon Marine Lot 33 at Fuk Tsiin Heung, the area of the extension amounting to 1.90 acres, most of which was sea-bed in front of the lot.

With a view to carrying out a scheme of providing inain thoroughfares in Kowloon, arrangements were made with the owner of the lot inentioned to surren- der to Government a strip of his lot for the purpose of widening the adjacent public road to 100 feet.

The grants on short leases included the site formerly occupied by Crosby's Store and the Education Office (6,626 square feet) which was let for a period of 4 years at an annual rent of $1,200; the portion of the Praya Reclamation in front of the Central Market (23,520 square feet), let on a yearly lease at a rental of $3,900; permission for a dam for water supply purposes in the Sookunpoo Valley for a period of 5 years at an annual rent of $300; a strip of land on the Shaukiwan Road. adjoining Inland Lot 1393, (9,570 square feet) at an annual rent of $100; and an area of 9,900 square feet near Mongkok, formerly held by a squatter, on which a tile factory had been erected and which was let on a 5-years' lease at a rental of $114 per annum.

The permits to occupy land for short periods comprise various areas let for storage and other purposes and a few quarrying permits for the more remote parts of the New Territory.

The grants on nominal terms include a small area (2,500 square feet) for a temple at Tung Lo Wan; another for a cable hut for the Telegraph Companies at the junction of Bonham and Pokfulam Roads; an area of nearly an acre at Kai Lung Wan for an extension of the ground used for burying urns containing disinterred remains; an area of 2 acres at Happy Valley for the Asile de la Sainte Enfance; a small area (2,267 square feet) adjoining St. Joseph's Church in Garden Road; and an area of 1.55 acres for the erection of an Anglican Church in Kowloon near the Observatory.

The re-adjustments of boundaries were mostly in connection with lots for which it was not possible, from the nature of the sites, to define the limits accurately on the ground in the first instance and were generally of trivial extent. The only case worthy of special mention is one in which the Cement Company having acquired some small lots, adjoining Kowloon Marine Lot 40, were allowed to enclose some

•

166

small areas formerly reserved for affording access to these lots. In consideration of the lease of Kowloon Marine Lot 40 being made renewable for a further term of 75 years, the Crown rent was increased from $61 to $100 per acre.

In the case of 108 squatters' holdings at Tai Hang Village, the leases, which were yearly ones, were converted into 75-years' leases on payment of extra premium and Crown rent, and a similar course was followed in the case of a lot at Fuk Tsün Heung which was formerly held ou a 7-years' lease.

The following is a statement of the lots converted from Garden into Inland Lots:

PREVIOUS Lor No.

NEW LOT No.

AREA IN SQUARE FEET.

PREMIUM.

CROWN RENT.

Kowloon Garden Lot 13

Kowloon Inland Lot 574.

609

وو

83,824 57,017

$ 419.00 285.00

$ 384.00

262.00

Arrangements were completed for the conversion of Inland Lots 501 and 502 and a portion of Inland Lot 29, situated on Praya East, into Marine Lots with a view to their participation in the projected Reclamation Scheme, but the matter has not yet been definitely concluded.

3. Lease Plans. Plans and particulars (in duplicate) of 208 lots were furnished to the Land Office in connection with the issue of leases.

4. Boundary Stones.--Boundary stones were fixed for 23 lots in Hongkong and 6 in Kowloon.

5. Sites for Booths at the Race-course.-A sum of $1,922.10 was realized by the letting of sites for the erection of booths and stands at Happy Valley during the Race Meeting.

6. Squatters' Licences.-The number of Squatters' licences on the roll at the commencement of the year was 980, representing an annual rental of $2,429.63. During the year, 5 were written off, leaving 975 still on the roll, the fees for which amounted to $2,410.13.

7. Military Lands.-The negotiations between the Colonial Governinent and the Military Authorities, referred to in last year's Report, for an exchange of lands were still unconcluded at the close of the year. Pending a settlement, the Military Authorities were allowed into possession of considerable areas at Pinewood Battery, below High West Gap, and at a point on the Jubilee Road, about a mile beyond the Plague Hospital. Arrangements were also made for the construction of new Rifle Ranges behind Kowloon City under the supervision of the Royal Engineers and at the expense of the Colony. This is necessary to enable the present ranges to be relinquished with a view to the formation of the King's Park in Kowloon.

8. Naval Lands-The Admiralty having acquired Kowloon Marine Lot 36, the Crown rent was commuted upon payment of the sum of $12,650 into the Treasury, as already mentioned. An area of about 4 acres of land, mostly hillside, on the promontory west of Lai Chi Kok Bay, was placed at the disposal of the Naval Authorities in connection with the establishment of a Torpedo Range in that neighbourhood.

9. Piers. The right of erecting piers under long leases was granted in 3 cases in Hongkong and in 4 in Kowloon, whilst extensions of 2 piers formerly sanctioned in Hongkong were also granted. The premia derived in the case of Hongkong piers amounted to $9,357.50 and of Kowloon piers to $6.050, the annual rentals being $1,170 and $780 respectively. Licences for the following temporary piers for various periods were issued:-11 in Hongkong, 14 in Kowloon and 5 in the New Territory, the amount of fees payable for these being $2,615.

10. Granite Quarries.-As the result of an inspection of the quarries in the New Territory, it was found that the rentals charged were much below those in the case of the Hongkong and Kowloon Quarries and arrangements were therefore made to increase the former in 1904 from $3,725 to $15,000 per annum; leases for periods of 3 years at these rentals being granted. Very extensive quarrying operations are now carried on, notably at Cha' Kwo Leng, Lyeemun and Ngau Tau Kok.

•

ریم

167

WORK UNDER THE BUILDING ORDINANCE.

11. New Ordinances.-The new Ordinance referred to in last year's Report (No. 1 of 1903 as it became) was finally passed in February, coming into force on the 21st of that month. After being enforced for a brief period, it became evident that its provisions with regard to cubicles were too drastic and that it would be necessary to modify these in order to meet the requirements of the humbler section of the Chinese population. An amending Ordinance was accordingly passed in December which altered the definition of a cubicle so as to render it unnecessary to provide a window or skylight specially for such a structure apart from the windows or skylights lighting the room in which it is situated, prohibited the construction of such cubicles in houses hereafter erected or re-erected and permitted only two cubicles and in some cases only one, to be maintained in any room of an existing house. The requirements of a greater floor-area and cubic space per occupant were made applicable to all houses; the term "external air" was more clearly defined; cubicles, lobbies and landings were excluded from the definition of a "room"; and sundry minor amendments, principally bearing upon the administration of the Sanitary Department, were made.

The effect of the new Ordinance, whilst imposing additional responsibilities upon those authorized under its provisions to practise as Architects has been to largely increase the duties and responsibilities of the Public Works Department. In the case of numerous matters, powers of modification or exemption are vested in the Governor in Council and, in numerous others, similar powers are vested in the Director of Public Works as Building Authority. Applications coming under the former class, except as regards the provision of back-yards, &c., which are dealt with by the Sanitary Board, are almost invariably referred to the Director of Public Works and have to be investigated and reported on by him and, in consequence of the great variety of conditions prevailing in the City, almost every case requires to be specially considered. Even in the case of matters coming within the purview of the Sanitary Board, the Director of Public Works must, in his capacity as a mem- ber of the Board, make himself acquainted with the circumstances of the various cases and is generally expected to express his opinion whenever any peculiar condi- tions occur. Under previous Building Ordinances, no question of compensation arose, but under the new Ordinance a number of provisions are specified with regard to which compensation has to be paid and all such matters have to be dealt with by the Public Works Department. Finally, the new Ordinance contains a much greater amount of detail affecting the construction and arrangement of buildings than any previous Ordinance.

12. Plans.-Plans were deposited during the year for the following:-

European houses,

Chinese houses,

330

126

..1,045

Total,..

..1,525

Buildings and structures other than the above, Alterations and additions to existing buildings,

}

There was again a considerable decrease in the first two items, the new houses for which plans were submitted numbering only 354 as against 500 in 1902 and 952 in 1901. The third item shows a decrease of 244 as compared with 1902, and the fourth item an increase of 326, the latter being doubtless the outcome in great measure of the enforcement of the provisions of the new Ordinance.

13. Certificates.-Certificates for 432 new buildings were issued under section 53 of Ordinance 15 of 1889* and for 2 new buildings under section 204 (1.) of Ordinance 1 of 1903, a decrease of 503 as compared with 1902.

14. Verandahs and Balconies.-Permission was granted for the erection of 151 verandahs and balconies.

15. Notices and Permits.

Notices relating to structures in a dangerous con- dition were served in 151 cases, whilst 1,526 permits and 83 notices of a miscella- neous nature were issued.

* Vide section 204 (2.) of Ordinance 1 of 1903.

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- 168

16. General Remarks.-The Naval Yard Extension and Messrs. BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE'S Shipyard Works were still in progress throughout the year. In the case of the former, the sea wall and inner-wall or quay forming the pier on the north side of the Basin, a portion of the east wall of the Basin and the Murray Pier Extension and roundhead beyond it were all brought above low-water level, whilst the cofferdam enclosing the site of the graving dock was completed and the water pumped out. In the case of the Quarry Lay Shipyard Works, the side walls of the graving dock for more than half its length were in progress and the excavation for the remaining portions well advanced, whilst the cofferdam to enclose the site of the entrance was nearing completion. Substantial progress was also made with the levelling operations, large masses of rock having been excavated and tipped to form the reclamation. The large blocks of buildings on the Praya Reclamation between Ice House and Pedder Streets were in progress throughout the year, the triangular block at the junction of Des Voeux and Chater Roads, designated “Alexandra Buildings," being nearly completed. The south-eastern section of Princes Build- dings was roofed in before the close of the year. The buildings for the Electric Tramway Power Station, on the east side of Bowrington Canal, were nearly com- pleted, and a new Chinese Theatre was erected near the Gas Works, West Point. Substantial progress was made with the reclamation at Tsim Sha Tsui between Blackhead's Point and Kowloon Marine Lot 6.

PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT.

17. Maintenance of Buildings.-The buildings upon which any considerable sum was expended were the following:-

Government Civil Hospital-Miscellaneous repairs, doing

$6,423

Queen's College-New roof over hall, &c.,

up buildings, &c., and providing and fixing glazed earthenware sinks,

5,762

3,053

2,756

Victoria Gaol--Repairing hot-water tanks, supplying

materials for concreting lower yard, &c.,... Central Police Station-Reconstructing verandah, covered

way, &c., and doing up Inspector's Quarters,....... Supreme Court Buildings-Painting, colour-washing, &c., 2,556 Cattle Depôt, Kennedy Town-Doing up buildings, &c., 1,802 Government House-Doing up coolie quarters, miscel-

laneous repairs, &c.,................

repairing matsheds, &c.,

Infectious Hospital, Kennedy Town-Doing up buildings,

1,738

1,735

Magistracy-- Doing up building, renewing floors, &c., 1,428 Central Market-Repairing roofs, colour-washing, &c.. 1,386 Belilios School-Doing up buildings and renewing

verandah floors,

1,381

Tsim Sha Tsui Police Station-Partly doing up buildings,

repairing roofs, &c.,

1,309

No. 8 Police Station--Doing up building and fixing

wooden ceilings,

1,288

Government Offices-Miscellaneous repairs, &c., Observatory-Doing up buildings, reconstructing drains,

1,117

&c.,

1,040

&c.,

Mountain Lodge-Sundry fittings, cupboards, &c., Gunpowder Magazine, Stonecutters' Island-Doing up

buildings,

Disinfecting Station, Caine Lane-Providing iron bars

to windows, repairing matsheds, &c.,

Peak Signal Station-New roof and general repairs, Yaumati Police Station-Doing up buildings, &c., Mortuary at Yaumati-Temporary structures, repairs, &c., Hanging punkahs for Government Buildings generally, Western Market-Doing up buildings, repairing drains,

Lunatic Asylum-Doing up buildings, Hunghom Market-Doing up buildings,..

1,014

996

914

817

....

807

784

719

602

587

558

169

Aberdeen Police Station--Doing up buildings,

Kowloon British School-Doing up internally and fixing

desks, &c.,...

.$ 550

524

Green Island Signal Station-Doing up building and

general repairs,

462

General Post Office-Colour-washing, &c.,

458

Staff Quarters, Government Civil Hospital-Partly doing up building, providing screens, half-doors, &c., Mount Gough Police Station-Repairing roof and doing

up buildings.......

442

431

Aberdeen School-Doing up building,

420

No. 1 Police Station-Doing up buildings and fixing stove, 416

18. Maintenance of Buildings, New Territory-In the case of the New Terri- tory buildings, the following are those which entailed considerable expenditure:-

Sai Kung Police Station-Surfacing pathway with con-

•

crete, &c.....

$1,229

Kowloon City do.

-Doing up buildings,

989

Au Tau

do.

Do.,

920

Ping Shan

do.

Do.,

912

Sha Tin

do.

Yung Shi Wan do.

-Repairing roof, matshed, &c., --Doing up buildings,

582

513

673

617

Cheung Chau

517

do.

517

Lai Chi Kok old Customs Station-General repairs, Sha Tau Kok Police Station-Doing up buildings,

Tai Po

do. -New floors, &c.,.

--Doing up buildings, &c.,

19. Maintenance of Telegraphs-A direct telephone line was run from Victoria Gaol to Belilios Reformatory on account of the latter being converted into a branch prison, and communication was established between the Government Exchange at the Central Police Station and the following places:-Victoria Hospital, the Princi- pal Civil Medical Officer's residence at the Peak and the Bacteriologist's residence at Castle Road. The work of moving the lines running in the direction of Kowloon City, so as to bring them alongside the main road, was proceeded with.

Considerable trouble was experienced with the cables crossing the Harbour. The one to the Observatory was fouled by a ship's anchor and broken and, after being repaired, was found to be still in an unsatisfactory condition. As the result of an examination and tests, it was condemned, taken up and sold, and arrangements were made with the Joint Telegraph Companies for the use of one of their cables pending the laying of a new one, which was ordered from England. The service through the Police cable having been interrupted, an inspection showed that it had been cut near North Point and a portion of it stolen. The two ends having been recovered, a new length of cable was spliced in and the service has since been satisfactorily maintained.

20. Maintenance of Telegraphs in New Territory.—The principal item of work under this heading was the construction of a line from the Water Police Station at Tsim Sha Tsui Point to Sai Kung Police Station, thus bringing the latter into tele- phonic communication with the Exchange at the Central Police Station.

21. Maintenance of Public Cemetery.-The Cemetery was maintained in good order with the exception of a few places where landslips occurred during heavy rainstorms, causing damage to several monuments. The work of reinstating these was undertaken. Permits to the number of 86 were issued for the erection or repair of monuments. In December, the care of the Cemetery grounds was handed over to the Botanical and Afforestation Department.

22. Maintenance of Praya Wall and Piers.--The following were the principal works defrayed out of this vote:-

Tsim Sha Tsui Pier-Repairs,

$1,085

Blake Pier-Cleaning and painting and erecting matshed

shelter,

852

Fuk Tsün Heung-Repairing sea-wall and pier, Yaumati-Rebuilding sea-wall adjoining Kowloon

Marine Lot 39,

851

787

170

Temporary pier in substitution for Murray Pier which

was closed owing to Naval Yard Extension Works,.$ 600

Tsim Sha Tsui Police Basin-Repairing slip, &c.,

Ah Kung Ngam-Repairing sea-wall,

Yaumati Pier-Repairs,

Shaukiwan Road-Repairing sea-wall,

Stonecutters' Island-Pier for gunpowder depôt-Repairs,

548

499

443

402

375

23. Maintenance of Lighthouses.-The following sums were expended upon the various lighthouses:-

Waglan, Gap Rock, Green Island,

$2,050

1,844

362

305

Cape Collinson,

All these structures were painted and otherwise done up during the year, whilst there was some exceptional expenditure at Waglan in covering the roof of the quarters with asphalte and at Gap Rock in repairing one of the derricks and transferring the old one to a new site.

24. Dredging Foreshores.-20,742 cubic yards of rubbish were dredged from the City and Kowloon Dust Boat Stations, and 2,627 cubic yards of material from other portions of the foreshores, the whole being deposited at sea, whilst 1,846 cubic yards were dredged from the mouth of Water Street Nullah and deposited on the Praya Reclamation Works.

The Dredger was hired to Messrs. PUNCHARD, LOWTHER & COMPANY, for one week, for duty on the Naval Yard Extension Works.

The dredging machinery and gear were repaired and put into thoroughly good order in the spring, the vessel being put on the slip for cleaning and painting at the same time, and again during the last week of the year.

25. Miscellaneous Works.-The following are the principal items of expenditure under this vote, representing in some cases only a part of the cost of the work in consequence of its execution extending into more than one year:

Carrying on operations for ridding malarial districts of

the anopheles mosquito,

Quarters for Chair Coolies at Victoria Gap,

$6,787

5,675

New flagstaff at Waglan Lighthouse,

2,125

Retaining wall behind Tung Wah Infectious Hospital,

Kennedy Town,

1,982

Alterations, cupboards, &c. at General Post Office,.............. 1,830 Electric fans and lights for Council Chamber and

Extension of Government Offices,

1,531

Alterations at Quarters, West Point Filter Beds, ......... 1,465 Additions and Alterations at Yaumati Police Station,... Fittings for Kowloon British School,

1,380

1,362

Winches, &c. for Hunghom Slaughter-house,

1,318

Forming and concreting paths at the Governor's Peak

Residence,

1,306

Fitting up apparatus at City Disinfecting Station, laying

gas service, &c...

1,115

Fittings for Victoria Hospital, Barker Road,.... Cadogan Street Improvements, Kennedy Town, Repairing matsheds at Taipo,..

Cupboards for the Governor's Peak Residence,

985

974

......

834

....

800

Altering old Tung Wah Mortuary for observation shed

for cattle,

641

Improving gas lighting at Central Police Station, altering

cells, &c.,

602

Electric fans for Attorney General's and Crown Solicitor's

Offices,....

579

171

Miscellaneous fittings for Government House,.

Covering yard at Water Police Station,

Retaining wall on Chamberlain Road,

Altering stables near No. 7 Police Station and construct-

ing Dog Pound,..

Altering Belilios Reformatory for temporary prison, Improving inlet of covered nullah at Happy Valley,.... Steps between Government and Tung Wah Infectious

Hospitals at Kennedy Town,

$ 576

570

501

410.

398

393

357

Increasing accommodation for public chairs at Victoria

Gap Chair Shelter,.............

354

Fixing Boundary Stone at Mirs Bay to define the limit

of the New Territory,

351

Alterations for temporary extension of No. 2 Police

Station,

343

Compensation for stoppage of sandalwood mill near Tsün Wan and for use of Mill Race during water famine, 1902,

333

Repairs of capstan, &c, Water Police Basin,.

321

Materials for telephone line to Dr. HUNTER'S house,..........

311

Gas lamp (100 candle-power) at junction of Bowen

and Magazine Gap Roads,..

300

Surface channels at Shek Tong Tsui Market,

292

Police Sentry Boxes at the Peak,

283

Removing and re-erecting monument at the Happy

Valley,.

282

The expenditure on the first item included a sum of about $2,000 spent in constructing 3,320 lineal feet of concrete channels in outlying districts.

The quarters for chair coolies at Victoria Gap were completed in April and leased to the licensee of the public chairs for the Hill District. The building is a two-storied one, containing accommodation for 96 coolies, for whom bunks have been fitted up. A cook-house on the ground floor only was at first constructed but to meet the requirements of the coolies, another storey, accessible from the upper floor of the quarters, was subsequently added. Latrine accommodation is provided in a separate building.

The flagstaff at Waglan Lighthouse is 82 feet in height and is provided with a yard for signalling purposes. The lower mast is of steel and the upper mast and yard of Oregon pine, with stays of steel wire rope and all the requisite fittings and a winch, &c., for lowering the upper mast. It was constructed and erected by the Dock Company.

The retaining wall behind the Tung Wah Infectious Hospital was rendered necessary by the frequent landslips which occurred from the hill where it has been cut away to level the site for the hospital, the ground being of a very treacherous nature. Great trouble was experienced during the progress of the work from repeated landslips which greatly retarded operations and prevented its completion before the close of the year.

The only other item calling for comment is the one for payment of compen- sation for the stoppage of a sandalwood mill in connection with the water famine during the spring of 1902. The delay in settling this matter arose from the death of the owner of the mill and the difficulty of ascertaining to whom the money should be paid, his relatives residing in the interior of China.

26. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in City.-There was an exceptional amount of disturbance of the surfaces of roads throughout the City during the year, due to the construction of the Electric Tramway and the laying of the cables for same; the laying of cables from the Telegraph Company's Office, by way of Garden and Kennedy Roads to Wongneichong and by way of Garden, Caine and Bonham Roads to Pokfulam Road; the laying of a large gas main between the Gas Com- pany's principal establishment at West Point and their branch at Wanchai; the laying of cables for light and power purposes in the eastern portion of the City; besides numerous other pipes, &c., of minor extent. The widening of Queen's

172

Road from the City Hall to Arsenal Street was practically completed, only a small portion of the old Provost Prison remaining to be removed. A portion of the widening of Arsenal Street still remained to be done. The roads on the Praya Reclamation were practically completed, but were much disturbed and interfered with by the extensive building operations in progress on the recently reclaimed land. The two steam road-rollers were kept well employed, the roads being maintained generally in good condition. The use of salt-water for watering is, however, exer- cising a very injurious effect upon them causing the surface to break up on the occurrence of damp weather. The heavy rainstorms experienced caused some damage in the way of landslips, which blocked or carried away portions of the roads, whilst the surfaces of some of the steeper roads were scoured out.

27. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges outside City.-The remarks made in the preceding paragraph apply here also to a considerable extent as the Electric Tramway extends to Shaukiwan and one of the Telegraph Company's cables already mentioned continues from Wongneichong to Deep Water Bay. The Jubilee Road from Kennedy Town to Aberdeen, which is referred to elsewhere, constituted the only addition to the roads in the outside district, a portion of the old road near Aberdeen which has been superseded by it, being closed to traffic. A landslip which carried away a portion of the disused road occurred during the year. Some improvements were made by constructing concrete side-channels in places and several of the more dangerous parts of the roads in the Hill District were protected by iron railings or stone parapet walls.

28. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Kowloon.—A steam roller was obtained for the Kowloon roads but was employed for a time on the Praya Reclama- tion in Hongkong to assist in consolidating the filling deposited to form the roads there. The application of granite macadam for surfacing the main roads in Kowloon is being extended as funds permit. By arrangement with the Contractor who is carrying out the Tsim Sha Tsui Point Reclamation, an embankment was constructed outside the road past Gun Club Hill which will admit of widening and improving the latter considerably, when the Contractor's light railway has been removed. This part of the road was formerly very narrow and, from the fact that there was an awkward corner in it and that it was at a considerable height above the beach, it was ill-adapted for vehicular traffic which has increased largely of late years.

29. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in New Territory.-The road to Tai Po continues to be practically the only one in the New Territory, there being besides only a couple of short portions of roads near Kowloon City, north of the old boundary line of British Kowloon. The Tai Po Road suffered a good deal from the rainstorms and from the operations of the Contractor engaged in quarrying stone above it and conveying it to the site of the Kowloon Storage Reservoir for the construction of the dam. Repairs were in progress during the latter part of the year, the principal portion of the road being in a satisfactory condition.

30. Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, &c.—It was proposed by Mr. CHADWICK in his Report of the 10th April, 1902, that the cleansing of the drains, sewers and nullahs, which had formerly been performed by the Public Works Department, should be relegated to the Sanitary Board and placed under the charge of the Medical Officer of Health and, with a view to giving effect to this proposal, tenders were invited by the Government. The conditions upon which the tenders were based were that the Contractor should find all necessary labour whilst the Government were to supply all tools required and the scope of the proposed contract was limited to the City; the Hill District, Kowloon, Aberdeen and Shau- kiwan not being included. Any case of a blocked sewer or drain which defied ordinary methods and involved opening of the ground in order to clear it, was also excepted from the proposed contract. As the lowest tender received amounted to $19,560, it was decided to carry on the work under the Public Works Depart- ment as formerly and it is satisfactory to note that the entire cost of maintaining the drains, sewers, &c., in the various localities throughout the Colony in good condition only amounted to $17,293.61. The details are as follows:-

Labour for cleansing operations, Tools for

Repairs,

do.,

.$13.288.80

1,107.48 · 2,897.33

Total,

.$17,293.61

173

The diversion of Albany Nullah from a point a little way south of Queen's Road northwards across the Naval Yard Extension was completed and the water turned into it during the first half of the year. The severe rainstorms of the 27th to 28th June caused the inlet to the culvert underneath Queen's Road to become blocked by large stones and debris which were carried from a breach made in the nullah on Military land adjoining the lower Tramway Terminus, but no serious damage resulted from this.

31. Gas Lighting, City.—The total number of gas lamps in use at the end of the year was 915, an increase of 28 during the 12 months, which is principally due to the lighting of private streets and lands. The number given is exclusive of lamps within the Military Cantonment, the lighting of which is borne in equal shares by the Government and the Military Authorities. Some trouble was. experienced on account of the insufficient supply of gas which was attributed by the Gas Company to the deposit of naphthalin in the pipes.

32. Electric Lighting, City.-No alteration has been made in the number of lamps, which remains at 75.

33. Gas Lighting, Kowloon.-The total number of lamps was increased from 186 at the end of 1902 to 201 at the end of 1903. This increase was due principally to extensions of the built-over areas.

34. Maintenance of Public Recreation Grounds.-In consequence of the continued occurrence of floods in the Happy Valley during heavy rainstorms, the embankment of the nullah to the north of the Grand Stand Enclosure was raised and the inlet to the culvert near the Golf Club House improved. A line of 21-inch pipes was also laid alongside the 18-inch pipes mentioned in last year's Report, the cost of this work being defrayed out of the Vote "Drainage Works, Mis- cellaneous.' Portions of the Queen's Recreation Ground were re-turfed.

35. Maintenance of Clock Tower. There is nothing special to record under this heading.

36. Forming and Kerbing Streets.-A large amount of work was done under this heading, the following being the principal items:-

City.

Improving Queen's Road by filling in hollow near

Arsenal Street,

Forming and concreting roads in Kennedy Town District, including Smithfield, Cadogan Street and path to Police Station,

..$5,800

4,817

Improving Wanchai Road by lowering summit and

easing gradients,

3,923

Surfacing roads and lanes in Taipingshan District, Constructing retaining wall below Belcher's Battery and

behind Inland Lot 1502 and surfacing lane, Constructing path between Kennedy and Macdonnell

Roads, west of Inland Lot 1453,

...

2,153

1,035

429

Re-forming Jackson Road,

287

Improving approach path past Victoria Battery to West

Point Filter Beds,

254

Surfacing lane at Chinese Lunatic Asylum,

252

....

Kowloon.

Kerbing and channelling Garden and Chater Roads

and improving other roads at Kowloon Point,...... 4,446 Kerbing and channelling roads in Yaumati and Mong-kok, Kerbing and channelling roads at Hunghom, Opening out lane by cutting away hill behind houses on Kowloon Inland Lots 106-109 at Yaumati,

3,389

2,849

1,003

174

Hongkong, other than City.

Constructing retaining walls rendered necessary by

widening road past Quarry Bay Shipyard, .........$ 5,373 Straightening Barker Road past Victoria Hospital and

formning approaches to Hospital,

1,211

Kerbing and channelling roads at Inland Lots 1617-

1618, North Point,

943

Contribution towards cost of Jubilee Road on account

524

of damage done by rainstorm,...

Track for path from Plantation Gap to Barker Road, .

303

37. Extension of Gas Lighting.-Irrespective of those erected in private lanes and streets, the cost of which was defrayed by the owners of the adjacent property, 6 lamps were added in Conduit Road, 3 in Wongneichong Road and 5 in various other parts of the City, whilst 14 were added in and about Yaumati, Kowloon.

38. Drainage Works, Miscellaneous.-The principal items of expenditure- under this heading were the following, the amount stated being only a part of the cost in some cases owing to the work extending into more than one year :-

Constructing nullah in Cooke Street and Gillies Avenue

Hunghom (completed),

Training nullahs to east and south of Inland Lot 1523,

Macdonnell Road,.

.$ 11,296

6,197

Constructing flushing tank in Garden Road adjoining Volunteer Headquarters with connections to

sewers,

4,274

Reconstructing stormwater drains in Government

House grounds,..

3,832

Training nullahı past Grand Stand Enclosure, Happy

Valley,

3,500

Reconstructing drains at Kennedy Town Cattle Depôt,

2,584

Constructing sewer outfall in connection with Praya

Reclamation Works,.......

2,405

Laying 21-inch drain to carry off stormwater from

Happy Valley,

2,081

Training nullahs adjoining Victoria Hospital and Rural

Building Lot 91, Barker Road,

•

2,044

Laying main sewer in Barker Road,

1,379

Constructing channels and draining valley below

Stewart Terrace, the Peak,

1,110

Laying sewer from the Public Mortuary, Hill Road,

to the Harbour,

947

Extending sewer for houses on Kowloon Inland Lot

421, Austin Road, Kowloon,

899

Extending sewer for houses on Leighton Hill Road, Forming new invert to nullah near Merton Lodge

(Inland Lot 1216), Western District of City, Constructing stormwater drain opposite Marine Lot

239, Kennedy Town,

623

616

601

Laying sewer for houses on Kowloon Inland Lot 1078

Mong-kok-tsui,

440

Extending stormwater drain in Man Ning Lane,

Yaumati,

408

Constructing catch waters, &c., at Tai O Police Station,

Lantao Island,

402

Extending sewer in Des Voeux Road Central opposite

Marine Lot 63,

324

It will be observed from the foregoing list that a large proportion of this vote was expended in training nullahs, a work to which so much importance is now attached as a means of preventing the dissemination of malarial fever by mosqui- toes, for the propagation of which the untrained streams afford highly favourable conditions.

१.

175

The flushing tank mentioned in the third item is the one whose construction was recommended by Mr. CHADWICK in his Report of the 13th May, 1902.

After a vain endeavour to obtain a site, first under the Parade Ground and subsequently under a corner of the Cathedral compound, it was decided to con- struct the tank behind the Volunteer Headquarters. It has a capacity of 6,000 gallons, is filled by means of a special pipe with water from Albany Nullab, and is capable of being discharged either into the main sewer extending eastwards to the outfall at Ship Street or into the one extending westwards to the outfall at Queen Victoria Street.

A sum of $6,624 was expended from the vote upon the construction of con- nections to the drains of new buildings.

39. Maintenance of Water Works, City and Hill District.-The year opened with the intermittent system of supply in force, recourse having been had to it on the 1st November, 1902. The quantity of water in the storage reservoirs, which, on the 1st January, amounted to 293 million gallons, dropped to 864 millions on the 27th April, when rain practically put an end to the dry season. Constant supply was restored on the 7th May and was maintained until the 21st December, when it was deemed expedient to again resort to intermittent supply, Pokfulam Reservoir having ceased to overflow on the 26th September, Wongnei- chong on the 2nd October, and Tytam on the 24th October. The two periods of intermittent supply comprised 137 days, as compared with 205 days during 1902 giving 228 days of constant supply as compared with 160. This result, though principally due to the incidence of the rainfall, was contributed to by the installation of temporary pumping plant in the Tytam Tuk Valley and by the Tytam Bye-wash Reservoir being sufficiently advanced to enable about 20 million gallons to be impounded in September. At the close of the year, the contents of the storage reservoirs amounted to 269 million gallons. It was not found necessary to have recourse to measures for importing water from the main- land as was done during the Spring of 1902, nor was the supply at any time unduly restricted.

The total quantity of water supplied during the year was 1,285,574,000 gallons filtered and 25,403,000 gallons unfiltered, making a grand total of 1,310,977,000 gallons or 338.7 millions more than in 1902.

The average consumption of filtered water per day during constant supply was 4,296,000 gallons, which, with an estimated population of 219,200, gives an average daily consumption of 19.6 gallons per head for all purposes. During intermittent supply, the average daily consumption was 10.1 gallons per head, equivalent to a total daily supply of 2,214,000 gallons, whilst, taken over the whole year, the average consumption per head per day amounted to 16 gallons.

Full details of the consumption, contents of the reservoirs, &c., will be found in Appendices D., E. and F. The analyses made by the Government Analyst showed that the quality of the water throughout the year was excellent.

The quantity pumped to the High Level District of the City amounted to 49,797,000 gallons over the whole year, equal to an average daily consumption of 136,430 gallons, whilst 25,496,000 gallons were pumped to the Hill District, giving an average daily consumption of 69,852 gallons. These figures show a large increase over those for 1902 when the totals for the High Level District and Hill District respectively were 30,450,000 and 17,443,000 gallons. The grand total pumped during the whole year amounted to 75,293,000 gallons as compared with 47,893,000 in 1902. Tabulated statements containing particulars of the quantities pumped to the Hill District and High Levels respectively, in successive years since 1892, will be found in Appendices G. and H.

The whole of the motors were maintained in a good state of repair and the steam pumping engine at Bowen Road was also satisfactorily maintained. In consequence of the increased consumption in the High Level and Hill Districts, it was found necessary to supplement the pumping plant in a temporary manner, pending the arrival of plant ordered from England. A small engine and boiler were purchased locally and installed immediately below the West Point Filter Beds where they were used for pumping to the High Level District, thus leaving the Bonham Road engine free for maintaining the supply to the Hill District. The temporary plant was got into working order on the 1st October and a reference

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to Appendix H. will show that the additional power was required in order to cope with the demands of the High Level District, in which a great increase of population has occurred during the past few years as the result of the erection of numerous houses.

Mount Gough Service Reservoir having been completed, was brought into operation in ctober in connection with the Hill District supply and has proved of great service. The houses on Barker Road, including the new Victoria Hospital, and those at Magazine Gap are now supplied from this source.

Advantage was taken of Pokfulam Reservoir being practically empty in the early part of the year to remove from the bottom of it all silt and soft material. As measured in boxes, when deposited in the bye-wash, the total quantity of material removed amounted to 13,770 cubic yards.

The temporary pumping plant established at Tytam Tuk was brought into operation on the 1st November and yielded 20 million gallons up to the close of the year. Several bursts occurred in the rising main in the early stages of pumping, but repairs were effected and measures adopted to strengthen the parts which had failed, with the result that no further accident of this nature occurred.

The number of meters in use at the end of the year was 534 in the City and 151 in the Hill District.

The quantity of water supplied by meter was:-

Filtered:-Trade,

Gallons. 93,196,000

Unfiltered,

Domestic (City),

70,109,000 Do. (Hill District), 14,687,000 25,394,000

...

Total,

.203,386,000

The increase in the number of meters was 130 and in the quantity of water supplied through them 63,491,000 gallons, as compared with 1902.

During the year, new services were constructed or old ones altered and improved in 472 instances and in addition 483 services were inspected and con- nected to the mains. Owing to frequent changes among the staff engaged in reading meters, etc., and to pressure of other work practically no inspections were made for the purpose of detecting defective services and no notices in respect of such matters were served.

40. Maintenance of Water Works, Kowloon.-The supply of water in Kow- loon was nearly, but not quite, constant throughout the year. In the absence of a storage reservoir, the supply is not under control as in the case of the City. especially as regards the Cheung Sha Wan In-takes, the water from which, if not drawn off from the mains, would simply run to waste. In the dry season, the yield of the streams is insufficient to keep the mains fully charged and consequently the supply obtainable from the fountains is somewhat meagre..

This state of matters will be remedied in great measure on the completion of the service reser- voir at Kowloon Tong which is now well advanced and will be capable of contain- ing 2 million gallons. Three new in-takes at Cheung Sha Wan were constructed in the early part of the year and brought into use, making in all. The four in-takes originally constructed still form the principal sources of supply, the five new ones, though of the gratest utility during the wet season, affording but little water during the dry season.

The total consumption for the year amounted to 161,866,000 gallons or an average consumption of 443,470 gallons per day, which, with an estimated population of 62,500 gives 7.1 gallons per head per day for all purposes. Details are given in Appendices J. and K. The analyses made by the Government Analyst showed that the water was of excellent quality.

The pumping machinery, buildings, etc., were maintained in good repair throughout the year.

There were 196 meters in use at the end of the year, an increase of 52 over 1902. Private services were constructed, altered or repaired in 73 instances. ·

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41. Maintenance of Water-Works, Aberdeen and Shaukiwan.-A satisfactory supply of water was maintained at Aberdeen and Shaukiwan during the year, the total consumption amounting to 6,003,000 and 7,350,000 gallons respectively, or 16,000 and 20,000 gallons per day. Details are given in Appendices L. and M.

42. Water-works, Miscellaneous. The following is a statement of the prin- cipal items of expenditure under this heading, being in some cases only part of the cost on account of the work having been begun in 1902 or not completed by the end of 1903 :-

Reconstructing aqueduct from Tytam West Catchwater,

forming small channels alongside catch waters to take the dry-weather flow of streams and con- structing face-walls to banks of reservoir near top-water level,

Relaying clear-water pipe at Pokfulam Reservoir, Extending return wall of Wongneichong Reservoir

$14,788

6,684

4,799

Diverting main in Glenealy in order to be clear of

Inland Lot 645,

950

into bank on account of landslip and restoring bank,

•

Altering main in Station Street South, Yaumati, on

account of lowering road,...............

294

The reconstruction of the aqueduct referred to in the first item was rendered necessary by the decay of the large steel pipes, 18" diameter, of which two lines were originally laid for conveying the stream from Tytam West Catchwater into the reservoir. In carrying out the work, it was decided to dispense entirely with pipes and to convey the water in an aqueduct formed of cement concrete supported on steel joists and made to discharge over the top of the Bye-wash Dam. To admit of this being done, the pillars which had hitherto supported the pipes had to be increased in height to the extent of 10 feet. The aqueduct was made of equivalent capacity to the catchwater, its dimensions being 3'6" by 2'6"; the steel pipes formerly used having been inadequate to take the flow during heavy rainstorms, thus causing a loss of water. From the top of the Bye-wash Dam, the water is conducted in an open channel to a point where it can be discharged without causing injury to the retaining walls which form the sides of the Bye-wash channel. The pathway alongside the catchwater is carried across on top of the aqueduct to join the Tytam main road, the granite slabs which were formerly laid on top of the steel pipes being used again and the railings re-fixed.

43. Water-works Ordinance.-The Water-works Ordinance (No. 29 of 1902) did not receive the Royal Assent, an influentially-signed petition from the Chinese community having been presented against it. The provisions which provoked opposition on the part of the Chinese were those for disconnecting the services to tenement houses and requiring the occupants to obtain their supply from public fountains to be erected in the streets. In order to effect the object of the Or- dinance, namely, the prevention of waste of water, the only alternatives were the universal introduction of meters or the application of the rider-main system to the most populous districts of the City. The first alternative was, for various reasons, dismissed as inapplicable and it was decided to adopt the second. A new Ordin- ance was therefore drafted which gave the Governor in Council power to define "Rider-Main Districts," that is, districts within which the supply of water to all tenements, unless specially exempted, would be effected through rider or branch- mains, controlled by valves so that an intermittent supply could be given without cutting off the water from the City at large. To meet exceptional cases, such as those of premises requiring a supply of water for trade purposes, power of exemp- tion from disconnection with the principal mains was also given to the Governor in Council, meters being required to be fixed in all such cases as well as in the case of all services to tenements situated outside "ider-Main Districts." It was further stipulated that the entire cost of providing the rider-mains was to be borne by the owners of premises which such mains are intended to supply, the apportion- ment of the cost being determined by the Water Authority. The Ordinance came into effect on the 25th September and new Regulations giving effect to its provisions were gazetted on the 9th October (Government Notification No. 657).

A requisition for the materials required for laying the rider-mains was for- warded to the Crown Agents in August and an Assistant Engineer and Overseer to arrange and supervise the work were applied for in September.

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44. Re-constructing and Repairing Roofs, Government Civil Hospital. As the roofs of the verandahs of the Main and Lower Hospitals and of C. Block, as well as the main roof of the latter, had been in an unsatisfactory condition for some time past, it was decided to execute extensive repairs, and to re-construct them where necessary.

The roofs of C. Block were first undertaken, the main roof being, to a large extent, renewed and the verandah roofs, which had formerly been of timber and Canton tiles, being re-constructed with iron joists and bars and cement concrete, covered with a layer of asphalte "thick. Good progress was made with the work by the end of the year, but it was still uncompleted.

PUBLIC WORKS EXTRAORDINARY.

45. Law Courts.-The contract for the foundations of this building was finally completed in April, much trouble having been experienced with the Contractor, as mentioned in last year's Report, towards the conclusion of the work. The tenders received for the superstructure were so unsatisfactory, principally from their excessive amount, that none of them could be accepted and after several futile attempts to arrange satisfactory terms with some of the Contractors who submitted the most favourable tenders, it was decided that the only practicable course was to carry out the work departmentally, the principal difficulty with regard to this being insufficiency of staff for the purpose. Whilst arrangements were being made to enable this course to be followed, a reasonable tender was received from Mr. CHAN A TONG, who had previously been unable to submit one, and, after some negotiations, a Contract was entered into with him in July. As the building is faced with dressed stone throughout, some time elapsed before enough of this could be obtained to admit of a substantial start being made, but work had progressed sufficiently to enable the foundation stone to be laid by His Excellency the Governor (Sir HENRY BLAKE) on the 12th November, and at the close of the year a large quantity of granite had been delivered on the ground and the walls had been built an average height of 4 feet above the foundations. Great care is being exercised in the selection and dressing of the stone for this important public building. It was unfortunately found necessary to dispense with the services of the Clerk of Works who had been obtained from England specially to supervise the work and up to the close of the year his successor had not arrived in the Colony.

46. Western Market.-The contract for the foundations was completed in March and a contract for the superstructure was entered into with Messrs. SANG LEE & Co. in November. The delay in arranging the latter arose through the large number of important works for which drawings, specifications and quantities had to be prepared and the great amount of trouble experienced in connection with the Law Courts. Work on the building was begun at the close of the year.

47. Harbour Office.-A contract for the superstructure was entered into with Mr. CHAN A TONG in June. Some delay occurred in obtaining suitable bricks and in preparing the dressed stone for the principal front. The walls were how- ever built to an average height of about 10 feet above the foundations and nearly all the door and window frames on the ground floor were fixed.

48. Survey of New Territory.-The cadastral survey was completed early in May, the following being the areas surveyed during the year :-

District.

Un Long, Kowloon, New Kowloon, Sha Tau Kok, Lamma Island, Pu Toi Island,

Tung Hoi District,

Sub-Districts.

Tai Lam Chung.

Tsün Wan.

The whole.

Won Hang and Luk Keng.

The whole.

4 small areas which had

formerly escaped notice.

In the case of New Kowloon and Sha Tau Kok, the work consisted of a re-survey to enable maps of these districts on a scale of 32 inches to the mile to be prepared, those formerly prepared on a scale of 16 inches to the mile having been found unserviceable on account of the minute sub-divisions of the land.

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A considerable area of cultivated land in the Kowloon Peninsula, south of the old boundary, was also surveyed and mapped on a scale of 32 inches to the mile.

The arcas above enumerated amounted to 2,653.65 acres and included 28,245 holdings which, in addition to being surveyed and mapped, were also demarcated.

The staff engaged upon this portion of the work in the early part of the year consisted of 1 Inspector, 24 Surveyors, 32 Indian Chain-men and about 45 Chinese coolies, but, on its conclusion early in May, the Inspector, 20 Surveyors and 30 Indian Chain-men were sent back to India; the number of Chinese coolies being also reduced. Prior to this, 2 Surveyors and 1 Indian Chain-man were invalided back to India, both the former dying on the voyage. The remaining 2 Surveyors were retained for office work.

The Surveyor who had been engagel upon traverse work and one of the Indian Chain-men referred to above were sent back to India in March, this work having also reached completion.

The staff engaged upon office work was fully employed throughout the year and underwent but little change. One office assistant was dismissed in July for insubordination and an additional Chinese tracer was engaged in February to expedite the reproduction of the maps for Land Court purposes. The entire staff remaining at the close of the year under Mr. NEWLAND consisted of 1 Inspector, 11 office assistants, 3 Chinese tracers, 8 Indian coolies, and 3 Chinese coolies.

The computation of areas was completed and statements furnished to the Land Court, the number of Demarcation Districts dealt with during the year amounting to 228.

Tracings of the whole of the Demarcation Districts, numbering 555 sheets in all, 45 of which were done in 1902, were made for Land Court purposes and a large number of these were reproduced by the sun-printing process. Tracings arranged after the manner of the Ordnance survey sheets of England are now being produced, 163 of these having been completed.

A general map of the New Territory on a scale of 2 inches to the mile is now being prepared. It will show all streams, roads, paths, cultivated areas and villages, the names of the latter being marked, whilst the hills will be indicated by contours.

A statement (Appendix C) prepared by Mr. NEWLAND is attached which contains details of the cadastral survey work done in the whole of the New Terri- tory. The area surveyed south of the boundary of British Kowloon is not included in the statement.

49. Additional Reservoirs, Tytam Drainage Area. In accordance with the advice of Mr. CHADWICK, (vide Report on the Sanitation of Hongkong, dated 10th April, 1902), the proposal made by Mr. COOPER in his Report of the 9th May, 1896, on the Water Supply of the City and Hill District, to construct additional reservoirs within the drainage area of Tytam Reservoir, which it was intended to carry out, was abandoned and the work executed under the above heading was confined to the construction of the Bye-wash Reservoir, which is situated immediately below the overflow of Tytam Reservoir and does not therefore en- croach upon the catchment area of the latter. It intercepts streams from a drainage area of about 32.6 acres and receives in addition the overflow of the Tytam West catchwater, which is at times very considerable. Any overflow from Tytam Reservoir passes into it. Its capacity has not yet been definitely ascer- tained, but it will amount to about 30 million gallous. The draw-off discharges into the same gauge-basin as the Tytam Reservoir.

The whole of the work was nearly completed at the close of the year, the dam being sufficiently advanced to enable about 20 million gallons to be impounded towards the end of the wet season. This water was utilized for the supply of the City. The bungalow for the caretaker was completed and occupied, being used temporarily for the accommodation of the Overseers employed upon the Bye-wash Reservoir and the works at Tytam Tuk.

畜

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50. Kowloon Water-works.-These works are being carried out under the supervision of Messrs. DENISON, RAM & GIBBS. Fair progress was made with the various portions of the scheme hitherto undertaken.

(i.) Storage Reservoir.-The excavations for the main dam, which included 10,300 cubic yards of rock and 23,500 cubic yards of earth, were practically completed at the close of the year. the rock in the foundations, though hard and close, was of a very jointy nature, numerous holes were drilled in it, pipes being in- serted into which cement grout was run with the object of filling up any fissures. Large quantities of broken stone, rubble and sand for the concrete hearting and of dressed granite for the facework had been collected ready for use in the construction of the dam. The bungalow for the caretaker was completed with the exception of painting, colour-washing and minor details. (ii.) Main to Storage Reservoir.-The works executed under this Con- tract were completed in July. They comprised the laying of about 3 miles of 12-inch cast iron main, with connections to the old intakes above (heung Sha Wan; the construction of 5 new intakes, making 9 in all; the erection of a watchman's bungalow at the intakes and the taking up of the 4-inch main laid in 1900. (iii.) Service Reservoir near Kowloon Tong.-A contract for this work was entered into with Mr. TUNG SHING in February. The reser- voir is sunk almost entirely below ground level and is constructed principally of cement concrete with granite pillars and brick arches to support the concrete vaulting which forms the roof. It is circular in form and has a capacity of 2 million gallons. About half the brick arches already mentioned were completed by the end of the year.

(iv.) Tunnels, Site of Filter Beds, &c. A contract for the items men- tioned and for the laying of a mile of 18-inch cast iron pipes was entered into with Mr. WING ON in July. About half of the excavation requiring to be done in levelling the site for the filter beds was completed, the quantity of material removed amounting to 45,000 cubic yards. This was deposited to form a large flat area adjacent to the site of the beds. Instead of tunnelling through a spur of the hills in order to lay the main from the storage reservoir to the filter beds, it was decided to make an open cutting through it which will attain a maximum depth of 110 feet, the length being about 450 feet. The quantity of exca- vation done in this and in the open cuttings at the two ends of the tunnel through the main range of hills amounted to 8,500 cubic yards. The latter cuttings extend into the hill a distance of 200 feet at the south end and 120 feet at the north end, the remaining distance of about 560 feet having to be tunnelled. Actual tunnelling had progressed for a distance of 20 feet at the south end and 40 feet at the north end, the rock being met with some distance in in the case of the latter. The distance remain- ing to be done, which promises to be through solid rock, amounts to about 500 feet. Twenty-two tons of 18-inch pipes were delivered on the site of the works and a considerable portion of the track along which they are to be laid was completed.

51. Disinfecting Station, Kowloon.-Inspector's Quarters at Kowloon.-A con- tract for the erection of these buildings on a site at Yaumati was let in October. On setting out their positions on the ground, it was found that some of them would be in too close proximity to a quarry and it was therefore considered advis- able to select another site in the neighbourhood. A suitable one was found a little way east of the Pumping Station, some squatters who cultivated a portion of the area having to be compensated. Work was begun at the close of the

year.

52. Extension of Cattle Inspector's Quarters.-Very unsatisfactory progress was made with this trivial work, great difficulty being experienced in getting the Contractor to carry it out properly. It was however nearly completed, little remaining to be done except plastering, painting and colour-washing.

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53. Public Latrines and Urinals.-A latrine adjoining No. 3 Police Station, Queen's Road East and containing 38 seats, begun in 1902, was completed, and another at Tai Hang Village, containing 40 seats, was begun and completed during the year.

In consequence of complaints received, special arrangements were made for ventilating the former, an electric exhaust fan being installed for the purpose. Urinal accommodation was provided in both of them, besides a room for an attendant. The three urinals referred to in last year's Report as having been delayed from various causes, namely, one in Ice House Street, one in Queen's Road under the Parade Ground, and one on the Praya near the Canton and Macao Steamboat Co.'s pier were completed. The one first mentioned replaced one on Battery Path, whilst the second replaced the iron one which had stood for some years near the north-east corner of the City Hall. Both these places having formed the sub- ject of numerous complaints, were abolished, the one on Battery lath being effaced by taking down some portions of it and building a wall to correspond with the retaining wall on the south side of the path. An iron latrine, containing 6 seats was erected at the village of Stanley in place of an old wooden one.

54. Praya East Reclamation.-The negotiations mentioned in last year's Report were brought to a satisfactory issue with the exception of those relating to the boundary between the proposed scheme and the Naval and Military properties. These were still in progress at the close of the year, having proved to be very protracted and troublesome. In consequence of the proposed construction of the electric tramway along Praya East, it was considered advisable to proceed at once with the raising of that roadway to such a level as would admit of the drains and sewers being extended hereafter across the reclamation to the New Praya front, thus obviating the taking up and re-laying of the tramway at an early date. A contract for the work was let in November, a premium being offered for its speedy completion. Very satisfactory progress was made, and by the close of the year the raising was practically completed from Arsenal Street to No. 2 Police Station, whilst a considerable amount had been done on the remaining portion of the road to the eastward. The space to be occupied by the tramway was left about a foot below the finished surface of the road so as to save the filling in and subsequent digging out of material over this area. The expenditure amounted to $13,107.95, but as it was decided to charge it to an advance account, this amount does not appear in Appendix B. It will be recovered later when the Fund for carrying out the Reclamation Scheme is established.

55. Tai Po Road.-After several fruitless attempts to get the Contractor for the construction of the last 5 miles of road to complete his contract, the work was taken out of his hands. Considerable difficulty was experienced in finding an- other contractor to undertake its completion on reasonable terms and still further difficulty, after arrangements had been made, in getting the work properly carried It was however about satisfactorily completed at the close of the year.

out.

}

56. City and Hill District Water-works.-The works carried out under this vote have been practically those recommended on page 17 of Mr. COOPER's Report of the 9th May, 1896, one or two items having been omitted and a number of additional items executed.

It may be useful to recapitulate the works referred to as recommended by Mr. COOPER. They are:-

(1.) Improvements of Pokfulam Conduit.

(2.) New Mains in the City and Repairs to No. 2 Tank.

(3.) Catchwater, west of Tytam Valley.

(4.) Reservoir and Catchwater, Wongneichong Gap.

(5.) Filter Beds and Service Reservoir (Bowen Road).

(6.) Service Reservoir, Peak.

The total estimated cost being $260,000.

To these, Mr. CoOPER subsequently added "Extension of Mains to North Point and Wongneichong, $7,000", the sum appearing in the Estimates for 1897 being $267,000.

182

The whole of the works enumerated, with the exception of the Improvements- of Pokfulam Conduit and the Repairs to No. 2 Tank, have been completed, and the following additional items have been executed :-

(i.) Service Reservoir, Mount Gough.

ii.) Service Reservoir above Military Hospital site, Bowen Road. (iii.) Motor at Bowen Road Filter Beds capable of raising water to-

either of the above Service Reservoirs.

(iv.) Rising Main, 3" diameter, from the above Motor to Mount Gough

Service Reservoir, with connection to Peak Mains.

(v.) Main, 6" diameter, connecting Service Reservoir above Military

Hospital site with other High Level Service Reservoirs.

(vi.) Two additional Beds at the West Point Filters.

(vii.) Additional Rising Main, 3" diameter, from Bonham Road Pump-

ing Station to Peak Service Reservoir.

The total expenditure under the vote has amounted to $319,285.58, of which a small balance ($2,645.31) remained to be paid in 1904.

The Service Reservoir on Mount Gough, which is the only work not des- cribed in previous Reports, has a capacity of 211,500 gallons. It is constructed. of cement concrete, the north wall, which is exposed, being faced externally with rubble masonry.

The reservoir is covered with cement concrete arching carried on rolled joists which are in turn supported by brick pillars. The work was completed in November.

With regard to the recommendations which have not yet been carried out, the Pokfulam conduit has been thoroughly cleaned and freed from obstructions throughout its entire length and it is now proposed to reconstruct No. 2 Tank in a slightly different position to the old tank, the cost of the work being defrayed out of another vote.

57. Widening Conduit Road.-This work, which was described in last year's Report, was satisfactorily completed in the beginning of the year.

58. Public Bath-house at Cross Street, Wanchai.-As the local Brick Com- pany failed to supply the glazed bricks required to complete the bath-house, some- slight modifications in the design were adopted in order to avoid further delay, and the building was finally handed over to the Sanitary Board in October. description of it was given in last year's Report.

59. Government Offices, Additions and Alterations.-This work was com- pleted in June and afforded a useful addition to meet the requirements of increased staff. The fireproof room on the upper floor, measuring 74 feet by 18 feet, is being fitted up with cupboards to contain the records of the Colonial Secretary's Office.

60. Two Temporary Markets.—Only one of these structures, namely, that adjoining the new Harbour Office, was proceeded with, the Sanitary Board having advised that the site opposite the Sailors' Home was not a convenient one for the purposes of a market. A contract for the one first-mentioned was let in February and the work was completed in July. The structure is of timber throughout, with concrete floor and tiled roof and the various shops and stalls are appro- priately fitted up. They comprise 4 vegetable and fruit shops, 2 poultry shops, 9- beef and mutton stalls, 18 pork stalls and 9 fish stalls.

61. Extension of Wanchai Market. This work consisted of erecting a build-· ing on the open space hitherto existing on the south side of the Market. The whole of this was taken up, large openings being forined in the south wall of the- old building so as to afford a connection with the extension. A contract for the work was let in April and had nearly been completed at the close of the year.. The walls of the building are of red brick, plastered externally and pointed internally, the floor being laid with cement concrete and the roof covered with double pan and roll tiling. Accommodation is afforded for 27 stalls in the exten- sion and, by making several alterations, 10 new stalls were added in the old part of the building, thus making 37 additional stalls in all.

183

62. City Water-works, Public Fountains.-As mentioned in last year's Re- port, the fixing of public fountains under the Water-works Ordinance then in force (No. 29 of 1902) was discontinued by instructions received from the Secretary of State, and in September, 1903, a new Ordinance (No. 16 of 1903) was passed providing for the supply of the principal districts of the City through Rider-mains, so as to enable the water supply to be effectually controlled during periods of scarcity without depriving the inhabitants of the services to their houses. This system of supply will supersede that formerly proposed, namely, the general introduction of public fountains in the streets and the disconnection of the services to the houses.

63. City Water-works, Peak Supply, &c.-An indent was forwarded to Eng- land for the pumping plant and rising main required for maintaining the supply to the Peak, the requirements having outgrown the capacity of the existing pum- ping engine and main, which were laid down in 1891. The new engine is to be capable of raising 72,000 gallons per working day of 12 hours, and the rising main, which will be of wrought iron, is to be partly 5" and partly 6" in diameter. In order to overtake the present requirements of the Peak and High Level Dis- trict, a small pumping engine, which was procured locally, was fitted up temporarily below the West Point Filter Beds and utilized for pumping to the High Levels, thus rendering the motors available for pumping exclusively to the Peak. They had formerly been utilized for pumping to both places. Drawings for the re-construction of No. 2 Tank were in course of preparation.

64. City Water-works, Tytam Tuk Scheme.-In order to render available, until some permanent works could be established, the dry-weather flow of the streams, the water of which it is ultimately intended to impound, it was decided to construct a small dam and lay down temporary pumping plant, which would be capable of raising half a million gallons per day from the Tytam Tuk Valley to the gauge basin at the entrance to the Tytam Tunnel. A Worthington engine of the capacity mentioned and suitable boiler were with some difficulty obtained; a small dam immediately below the junction of the three principal branch valleys was constructed, a site for the engine and boiler was formed and a building to contain them and provide quarters for the engine-drivers erected; and a rising main 14 miles long was laid with such pipes as were available. All this work was sucess- fully accomplished and the engine started work on the 1st November. Some bursts occurred in the rising main at the outset, but improvements were made in it which have prevented their recurrence. The quantity of water pumped up to the end of the year amounted to 20 million gallons. Direct telephonic com- munication was established with the pumping station and lines from it were in course of construction to the bungalow at Tytam and to the trial works in the estuary.

Two dams for the purpose of gauging the flow of the streams were constructed in accordance with Mr. CHADWICK's recommendations a little way below the dam above mentioned and self-recording apparatus to register the quantity passing over the weirs was ordered from England. The upper weir consists of a large V-notch capable of measuring flows up to fully 40 million gallons per day, whilst the lower one is rectangular and has a width of 40 feet and depth of nearly 4 feet, being intended for measuring the heavier floods which exceed the capacity of the Useful information in connection with the works to be carried out upper one. lower down the valley will be derived from these weirs.

Of the three wells being sunk for the purpose of ascertaining the depth at which a reliable foundation for a dam will be met, No. 1 got so far out of plumb by the time it reached a depth of 35 feet below low water that it had to be abandoned.

Well No. 2 was next proceeded with and, after great difficulty, principally on account of skin friction, was successfully sunk by the 17th May to a depth of 46 feet, at which depth rock was reported. The trouble arising from skin friction was overcome by increasing the load on the well until it ultimately reached about 200 tons. Pumping operations within such a confined space and from such depths were also a source of great trouble. The material passed through consisted of clay and silt intermingled with shells and with occasional layers of sand and shells. Just before reaching the rock, a layer of beach boulders about 2 feet in depth, was passed through. The boulders were of varying size, down to shingle, consisted of very hard stone and were densely packed together. The rate at

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which water entered the well from the layer of boulders precluded the possibility of pumping it dry in order to admit of an actual inspection of the bottom.

Work was then begun upon Well No. 3 and, after sinking it to a depth of 42 feet through clay silt and sand, the stratum of beach boulders above described was again encountered. Sinking operations were continued, and, after passing through about 10 feet of boulders, sand was again met with and it was not until the well had reached a depth of 583 feet that rock was finally found. Here also it was found impossible to dry the bottom by pumping and the extent and nature of the rock were ascertained by feeling it carefully all over. Pieces were also broken off and compared with the rock above water level at the sides of the bay, and, as the result of this comparison, there seems no room to doubt that rock in situ has been reached. Over a small portion of the area (6 feet diameter) covered by the well, the rock dipped away to greater depth. The sinking of this well was completed by the middle of October.

►

Whilst the operations above described were in progress, a large number of prickings with Norton tubes (171 in all) were made all over the site of the dam, the result of which was to confirm the information obtained from No. 2 Well and borings formerly taken. They showed the presence of a hard layer, presumed to be rock, at an average depth of about 40 feet over the entire area.

As the information obtained from No. 3 Well cast some doubt upon the reliability of that derived from No. 2 and from the borings, &c., operations were undertaken with a view to sinking the latter to a greater depth, if possible. It was then found that what was formerly supposed to be rock was really a large boulder. The removal of such an obstacle was necessarily a work of some difficulty and it had not been accomplished by the close of the year.

In consequence of the results obtained from No. 3 Well, attention was turned to two sites further inland, where trial pits were made in the hillsides for the pur- pose of ascertaining whether a satisfactory foundation would be obtainable without excavating to great depths. Arrangements were also made for sinking a well on one of the sites with the same object. Work on the trial pits was completed by the close of the year, but on the well it was delayed until the plant could be released from No. 2.

As it appeared obvious from the results of the trial works that a lengthened period must elapse before a scheme for the low level dam could be definitely prepared, submitted and carried out, it became necessary to consider what could be done by way of a scheme which would enable this interval to be tided over and at the same time would not hamper or interfere in any way with the carrying out of the former.

After full investigation, it was decided that a dam on site No. 4 of Mr. COOPER'S 1896 Report, but of somewhat greater height than he recommended, would afford the most ready and economical means of doing this, and a scheme was accordingly prepared and submitted to Government.

It provided for the construction of the following works:-

(i.) A dam to impound 194 million gallons.

(ii.) A pumping station, with the necessary quarters, near the shore of Tytam Bay and below the site of any possible low-level dam, and the erection there of the pumping engines ordered from Eng- land (two sets, each capable of delivering 14 million gallons per day).

(iii.) A new road from the gap through which the Stanley Road passes, above Tytam Tuk, to near Tytam Bye-wash Reservoir (length 1.40 miles).

(iv.) Access roads to the Pumping Station and to Tytam Gauge Basin

and a track for the temporary suction main.

(v.) A rising main, 18" diameter, from the Pumping Station to Tytam Gauge Basin by way of the new road (length 2.03 miles).

(vi.) A suction main, 18" diameter, from the small dam erected for the temporary pumping plant to the Pumping Station (length 1.25 miles). The pipes from this main are intended to be subse- quently used for duplicating the rising main.

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The cost of the entire scheme was estimated to be $780,000.

It was referred to the Secretary of State for the Colonies at the end of Octo- ber and had not been definitely sanctioned by the close of the year, but the necessary drawings, &c., to enable a contract to be let were proceeded with and were in a forward state.

65. Re-construction of Gullies.-The gullies orginally constructed for inter- cepting foul or storm-water and conveying it into the sewers or drains as the case might be were found to be unsatisfactory in several respects. They consisted of earthenware sumps connected either with the sewers or the drains and covered with removable iron gratings, the bars of which were wide apart. Many of them were untrapped and, in the case of those which were trapped, the sump was frequently full of foul liquid. There was generally one gully to intercept such liquids and convey them into the sewer through a small pipe, whilst another gully beyond it, having a large pipe connected with the storm-water drain, came into action during rainstorms. It frequently happened however that foul liquids were thrown or found their way into the latter and through it to the storm-water drain. The gratings having widely-spaced bars, afforded ready ingress and egress to rats and also admitted comparatively large refuse to the sewers and drains. Being of cast iron and very heavy, they were frequently broken, doubtless through the rough usage they received at the hands of the scavenging coolies who had to remove them in order to clean out the sumps.

The new type of gully was designed to overcome these objections. The grating is closely barred and is fixed and no large refuse can therefore be swept into it, nor can rats pass through it. A trap is provided in every case between the grating and a chamber which is connected with both the sewer and the storm- water drain. The connection with the former is of small size and is at a lower level than that with the latter, which is of large diameter, so that the ordinary dry-weather flow is carried off into the sewer whilst, in the case of rain-storms, the water overflows into the storm-water drain. To enable silt to be removed from the chamber or from the trap, the former is provided with a close manhole cover, which has a locking arrangement requiring a key to open it. The cover is lifted off by means of the key, which can only be withdrawn when it has been re-locked. In many cases, where the fall of the surface-channel admits of it, one chamber serves for two gratings. The total number of gullies constructed was 454, the number of gratings fixed amounting to 717, thus giving 263 gullies with double inlets and 191 with single inlets.

66. Cattle Depôt Extension.-A contract for a new shed, capable of contain- ing 240 head of cattle was let in April. The shed was completed and handed over to the Sanitary Board in October. It has been erected on a piece of vacant Crown land adjoining and to the north of the Cattle Depôt with which it has been incorporated by enclosing it with a boundary wall and establishing com- munication between the two. The shed measures 142 feet by 102 feet and is divided into four bays in each of which two rows of cattle are accommodated, a passage being provided down the middle. The walls are of red brick, plastered ex- ternally, large openings being left all round for purposes of ventilation. The roof is tiled and has a large overhang to give shade and afford protection from' rain. The floor is of lime concrete rendered over with cement and feeding troughs con- structed of brick and lime concrete rendered with cement are provided along the walls. Rings are let into the walls for tying up the cattle to.

In consequence of the great increase in the import of cattle, due largely to the demand from the Philippines, it was decided to proceed with the erection of further sheds, and a new contract was entered into in August for the erection of one of the same capacity as that just described, besides numerous lean-to sheds, the latter totalling in all a length of 1,126 feet and being capable of accommodating 281 head of cattle. With the completion of these, there will be room in the Depôt for 1,241 head of cattle as compared with 480 in the old Depôt. The lean-to sheds have been constructed by raising the boundary walls and projecting roofs over the adjacent strips of compound. The roofs, where not resting on the walls, are supported on timber posts let into cast-iron sockets. Good progress has been made with the work, about half of the additional sheds being roofed in at the close of the year.

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67. Post Office, &c.-As mentioned in last year's Report, competitive designs for this building were invited from Architects in the Colony and in Shanghai and Singapore, on the condition that the author of the design considered first in order of merit would be engaged as Consulting Architect for the work and paid a commission of 33 per cent. on the actual cost of it and that a premium of $1,500 would be paid for the design considered second in order of merit. The limit of cost specified for the building, which was to consist of 3 stories and a basement, was $500,000. Only three designs were received, two from local firms and one from a firm in Shanghai. In accordance with the terms of the competition, these were referred to the Public Works Committee which, after careful scrutiny, awarded the first premium to Messrs. DENISON, RAM & GIBBS and the second to Messrs. PALMER & TURNER. Ön the recom- mendation of the Committee, it was decided to increase the height of the building to 4 stories with a view to providing accommodation for the future growth of the various Departments to be housed in it. The necessary contract drawings, &c., were prepared on this basis by Messrs. DENISON, RAM & GIBBS and a contract for the construction of the foundations was let to Mr. LIN Woo in November. The site was enclosed and excavation was begun by the end of the year.

68. Bacteriological Institute. The staff of the Public Works Department being fully occupied with other work and the provision of a proper institute in which to conduct bacteriological investigations being considered pressing, Messrs. LEIGH & ORANGE were commissioned to prepare a design with a view to tenders being called for. The necessary plans and documents were nearly completed at the end of the year. The site selected forms part of the Taipingshan Resumed Ares, being situated immediately west of the junction of Caine Lane and Ladder Street.

69. Road from Sam Shui Po to Lai Chi Kok.-It was not found practicable to undertake this work during the year.

70. Road from Kowloon Inland Lot 652, Hunghom, to Sixth Street, Yau- mati.-This road will afford a much needed communication between the important villages of Hunghom and Yaumati. It crosses the swampy ground immediately to the north of Gun Club Hill and will intersect the area which it is intended, when negotiations with the War Department reach such a stage as to admit of it, to lay out as the King's Park. After traversing some rising ground, the road bifurcates, one portion communicating with Sixth Street, Yaumati, and the other with an extension of Robinson Road which it is proposed to construct north- wards past the Yaumati Theatre. With a view to future developments, the road is being laid out with a width of 100 feet.

A contract for the work was let in August and substantial progress had been made at the close of the year, about 55,000 cubic yards of material having been excavated where the road passes through cutting and deposited to form the necessary embankment across the low-lying ground. In connection with the work, a large nullah, with concrete invert and masonry side-walls is being con- structed along the north side of the road to carry off the storm-water from the adjacent hills. The nullah has a width of 10 feet in its lower and 5 feet in its upper length, the depth throughout being 5 feet. Some 500 feet of it were practically completed.

71. Public Bath-Houses, Pound Lane, Taipingshan.-This work comprises a bath-house for men, another for women and a caretaker's quarters, each a separate building. A contract for the work was let in August and good progress was made, the buildings being roofed in by the close of the year.

72. Resumption of Insanitary Property.-The small scheme of resumption referred to in paragraph 60 of last year's Report was completed. The scheme is part of one which was recommended by the Sanitary Experts (Messrs. CHADWICK and SIMPSON) and owed its origin to a fire which destroyed or injured a consider- able number of houses in the neighbourhood of Ladder Street. The part carried out comprised the resumption of 4 houses entirely and small portions of 2 others and provided for an extension of Lower Lascar Row from Ladder Street to U Hing Lane. Two of the houses had been entirely destroyed by the fire referred to, whilst two others had suffered considerable damage from it. The cost of the resumptions was $36,500, of which $14,000 was expended in 1902. A further sum of $480 was spent in pulling down two of the houses and in obtaining valuations.

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Another scheme of considerable extent was undertaken in connection with the block of buildings bounded by Aberdeen Street, Gough Street, Queen's Road and Wellington Street, a block which was specially commented upon by the Sanitary Experts in their Report on the question of the Housing of the Population of Hongkong, dated 14th May, 1902. This scheme included the resumption of 37 houses, in order to enable roads to be opened out in place of the narrow lanes which intersect the block. Action was taken with regard to 25 houses, but negotiations had only been concluded in the case of 2 of them by the close of the year, the amount of compensation paid being $16,300. In the case of the remain- ing 23 houses, the Governor in Council having declared that negotiations had failed, formal notice was given under the Crown Lands Resumption Ordinance (No. 32 of 1900) that they were required for a public purpose. Unless the owners come to terms within four months from the date of the notice, the question of compensation will be referred to arbitration, the houses becoming the property of the Government without further delay.

Only one case occurred in which compensation was awarded for the provision, under Section 180 of the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance, of a public scavenging lane in the rear of a house, the amount paid being $1,650. Several other cases were considered, but, owing to the irregularity in the depth of the neighbouring houses and the configuration of the ground which they occupied, it was decided by the Sanitary Board that it would be impracticable to arrange for a lane which would be of service for scavenging purposes, and the provision of one was therefore waived.

In several other cases, where the property would be injuriously affected by the provision of the full area of open space required by the Ordinance in addi- tion to a lane, a modification of the requirements as regards open space was granted on condition that a lane should be provided without payment of com- pensation.

73. Governor's Peak Residence.-The sum expended under this heading was partly for some small additions and alterations which had to be carried out and partly the balance retained under the contract for the erection of the building until the expiry of the period of maintenance:

74. Police Station at Tai O.

Additional Accommodation at

The Sheep and Swine Depôt.-These two works were completed in 1902, the expenditure appearing in connection with them being only the sums retained during the periods of maintenance in accordance with the terms of the contracts.

75. Cattle Crematorium and Refuse Destructor. This work was completed in February. It comprises a one-cell crematorium for destroying the carcases of animals which die of disease and a one-cell destructor intended to be used for disposing of the rubbish removed from houses where cases of Plague had occurred. A ramp is provided to enable the dead bodies of animals, &c., to be conveyed to the platform from which they are deposited in the furnace. The apparatus is covered with a roof and otherwise enclosed, a large sliding door being used to close the entrance to the platform.

76. New Derrick at Gap Rock.-The site of the new derrick is about 15 feet above mean sea level and 170 feet south-west of the site of the old one at a point where a spur of rock with almost perpendicular faces and deep water alongside juts out into the sea.

Under favourable conditions the light-house tender "Stanley" has approached close enough to be discharged by means of the derrick, thus obviating the necessity of transferring the stores destined for the light-house into a small boat. Except in very stormy weather, a landing can always be effected at this point though it is occasionally found advantageous to use the old landing place. The derrick standard is of wrought iron, let into the solid rock; the frame of cast iron, capable of revolving and fitted with single and double purchase gear and the jib, which has a radius of For Rock, the jib was made in 4 sections, which were bolted together by means of wrought iron collars and brass bolts. The old derrick, which is still useful under certain conditions of wind and weather, was moved a distance of 15 feet seawards.

conveyance to Gau 40 feet, is of wrought iron and tubular in section.

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77. Rain-storm and Typhoon Damages.-The necessary repairs of the damages caused by the storms of 1902 were completed. The further expenditure over that incurred in the year mentioned was $9,852.73, distributed as follows:-

Repairs to Sham Shui Po Harbour Office, and Kow-

loon City Police Station,

Repairs to nullah west side of "Clovelly," Peak Road, Repairs to roads,

$3,167.87

192.54

673.98

Re-construction of retaining wall below Tank Laue, 5,818.34

78. Fence round Plague Elospital. This work was completed early in the year.

It consisted of the erection of an iron fence, 5′ 6′′ in height, in place of the temporary bamboo fence which formerly enclosed the hospital. Entrance gates were provided where required.

79. Training Nullahs.—In addition to a considerable amount of work carried out under the vote" Drainge Works, Miscellaneous," two special votes, amount- ing to $14,775, for dealing with nullahs in the Western District of the City, were taken. By the special instructions of His Excellency the Governor, Sir HENRY BLAKE, these sums were devoted to training the streams adjoining the property known as the Richmond Estate, which had gained an unenviable notoriety as a fever-stricken district, and also a stream to the west of the Nethersole Hospital. In all, nullahs measuring 1,977 feet and large channels measuring 357 feet in length were constructed. The nullahs have lime concrete foundations, inverts of fine cement concrete, 3′′ thick, and side walls of rubble masonry pointed in cement and finished with lime concrete coping. They measure 3 feet in width and have a depth of 5 feet. The gradient varies from 1 in 8 to 1 in 2,

The channels are formed with lime concrete rendered over with cement mortar, thick, and are approximately semi-circular in shape. They measure about 3 feet in width by 2 feet in depth. The ground traversed in nearly all cases was extremely rough, numerous large boulders having to be removed by blasting. Work was begun at the end of February and completed in July. Some damage was occasioned to uncompleted portions of the work by the heavy rain-storms of the 27th-28th June when 14 inches of rain fell, but otherwise the nullahs and channels successfully withstood the effects of the wet season.

By direction of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, the training of another considerable stream in the Western District, adjoining the Bonham Road Pumping Station was undertaken early in December and sub- stantial progress had been made with the work by the close of the year. payment to the Contractor was however made in consequence of the late period at which work was begun.

80. Public Mortuary, Extension and Re-construction.-The mortuary, which is situated in Hill Road, having been found inadequate for present requirements, it was decided to proceed with large extensions and also to take down and re-con- struct, in accordance with modern ideas, the old building itself. A contract for the work was let in May and, though carried on under considerable difficulties on account of the limited extent and irregular nature of the site and the use of the old building for the accommodation of the bodies of Plague victims, all the new buildings were completed by the end of the year and the reconstruction of the old mortuary was well advanced. The completed buildings will comprise two mor- tuaries, each of which contains 16 tables, a rat-examination room, measuring 30 feet by 16 feet, 3 small offices, 2 small stores and accommodation for 4 coolies, the whole of the premises being enclosed by a high boundary wall. The build- ings are of red brick, plastered externally and internally, except where lined with white glazed tiles, and have roofs of double pan and roll tiling, supported on tim- ber purlins and principals. The walls of the mortuaries and rat-examination room are lined for a height of 6 feet above the floor with white glazed tiles obtained from England and the floors are laid with glazed paving tiles of local manufacture except in the case of the reconstructed mortuary where the floor is rendered with cement mortar, the tiles used in the case of the other buildings not being con- sidered altogether satisfactory. In addition to the ordinary outer doors, the mortuaries and rat-examination room are provided with inner doors of open con- struction, covered with mosquito-proof wire gauze, and all openings for windows and ventilators are similarly protected. The tables and other fittings for use

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;

in the mortuaries have been obtained from England. The whole of the com- pound is covered with lime concrete 4 inches thick, finished off with two inches of fine cement concrete and a special drain is provided from the buildings to the harbour, no other drains whatever being connected with it.

81. Rainstorm Damages.-The following is a statement of the expenditure incurred in making good the damages caused by the heavy rainstorms, notably those of the 27th-28th June :-

Repairs to roads in the City,..

.$8,152.56

Do.

do.

without the City,

Do.

do.

in Kowloon,

Do.

do.

in New Territory,

Do. to nullahs,

Do. in the Colonial Cemetery,.

Cleansing sewers,

Re-building wall at Yaumati,

522.18

5,090.83

3,533.14

2,533.17

2,367.89

1,236.36

668.28

A number of landslips occurred and some bridges were destroyed. The inverts of several of the old trained nullahs suffered considerable damage.

82. Resumption of Land in New Territory.-It was considered advisable on sanitary grounds to resume some low-lying land in proximity to Starling Inlet Police Station with a view to filling it in and draining it properly. The compen- sation payable to the various owners was assessed by the Land Court under the powers vested in it by Ordinance, an area of 5.55 acres being resumed. Stones had been fixed in 1902 to define the boundaries of it.

83. Mast for Weather Signals.-In order to provide for a system of flag-sign- alling to indicate the existence of bad weather in the various parts of the China Sea, an additional mast was erected at the Signal Station on Blackhead's Hill, Kowloon. The mast is 82 feet in height, the lower mast being of steel and the top mast and yard of Oregon pine. The yard is 45 feet long.

The yard is 45 feet long. A winch is pro- vided for lowering the topmast and yard during typhoons. The mast was made and erected by the Dock Company before the close of the year.

84. Tanks in Nos. 9 and 10 Health Districts.-Consequent upon the experi- ment conducted by His Excellency, the Governor, Sir HENRY BLAKE, which included the establishment of hot-water tanks and bath-houses in Second and Third Streets, for the purpose of promoting cleanliness among the poorer Chinese and thus mitigating or preventing the spread of Plague among them, the erection of a number of large hot-water tanks was proceeded with in the Health Districts al- ready mentioned. The tanks are constructed of sheet iron," thick, and measure 8 feet long by 3 feet wide by 2 feet deep. They are provided with furnaces underneath and are designed to enable articles of furniture-principally bed- boards-to be dipped in them so as to free them of vermin. The sum expended was only a small portion of the total cost, the work not having been undertaken until the latter part of November.

85. Resumption af Kowloon Inland Lots 1012-1015.

Resumption of Strip of Kowloon Inland Lot, 1087.-1 hese resumptions were effected in order to make provision for the construction of main thorough- fares in Kowloon, which it is intended to lay out with a width of 100 feet. One of these, crossing the king's Park, is already in progress (vide paragraph 69) and it is intended to proceed with another leading northwards in continuation of Robinson Road.

86. Victoria Hospital.-The Jubilee Committee having found that the funds at their disposal did not admit of the completion of the Hospital and Quarters with all necessary fittings, the Government undertook to make good the deficit, which it was estimated would not exceed $3,400. Only a portion of this sum was re- quired up to the close of the year, the balance being payable in 1904.

In accordance with the arrangements made when the Jubilee Fund was started in 1897, the buildings, which had reached completion, were formally handed over to Government on the 7th November. The site for the hospital, which is on Barker Road, about 1,100 feet above sea-level, was granted by the

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Government and on it, after performing the necessary levelling operations includ- ing the construction of retaining walls, the Jubilee Committee erected the build- ings, Messrs. PALMER & TURNER being the Architects. The main building consists of two floors containing two general wards (12 beds each), a children's ward (8 beds) and 4 private wards (1, 2, 4 and 5 beds respectively) a total of 44 beds. There are also 2 Sisters' rooms, an office, entrance hall and staircase, an operating theatre and an isolation ward; the two latter being situated in separate wings connected by covered ways with the rest of the building. A drying-room and the necessary lavatory, scullery and bath-room accommodation are provided. Separated a little way from the main building, but connected with it by a covered way, are the quarters for the staff, consisting of a pair of semi-detached 5-roomed houses, with bath-rooms, kitchens and servants' quarters. The kitchens and ser- vants' quarters connected with the hospital are conveniently arranged in a de- tached wing in the rear of the main buildings. A mortuary is also provided.

The buildings are of red brick, plastered externally and internally, except in the case of the hospital wards which have plastered dadoes 5 feet high, the walls being cement-pointed above that height. The roofs are of Canton double tiling supported on timber purlins and principals and the verandah floors and floors of lavatories, &c., are of cement concrete supported on iron joists. The wards and rooms have boarded floors of hardwood, those on the upper floor being laid on top of cement concrete arching, supported on steel joists. The entrance hall is laid with encaustic tiles and the main staircase is of teak. All the verandahs are enclosed.

The total expenditure upon the work, including architects' fees, preparing site, &c., was $118,891.05, the Government contribution amounting to $3,342.43. The preparation of the site, &c., cost $7,500 and the superstructure, including the the necessary fittings, $100,994.97, the balance of the expenditure being for architects' fees, supervision, &c.

87. Jubilee Road.-In the case of the Jubilee Road also, the Committee had to apply to Government for a small sum ($524.25) towards defraying the cost. This however was principally due to the construction of a pathway connecting the road from the Peak to Aberdeen with the Jubilee Road, which was undertaken with the approval of the Government in the belief that funds were available. Owing to damage caused to the road itself at a later period by the severe rain-storms of the 27th-28th June, extra expense, which had not heen contemplated, was in- curred, thus necessitating an appeal to the Government for the amount stated above.

The road and pathway having been fully completed were taken over by the Government in November and will in future be maintained out of the revenues of the Colony.

The road commences at Kennedy Town and traverses the southern slopes of Mount Davis and the adjoining hills to Aberdeen, opening out en route a portion of the island which has hitherto been practically inaccessible. It is 5 miles long, has a width of 16 feet and is designed as a carriage road.

Leaving Kennedy Town, it rises for about a mile with gradients of 1 in 20 and 1 in 30 until it attains a height of about 180 feet above sea level; one of the conditions upon which the Military Authorities withdrew their opposition to its construction being that it should be kept 150 feet above the sea. Passing through a small gap adjoining a site acquired by the Military Authorities for gun practice, it falls at I in 30 until it reaches the 150 feet contour, when it is carried level round Sandy Bay to below Bisnee Villa. Another ascent at 1 in 30 is then made to a gap about 250 feet above sea level near Sassoon's Villa, at which point there is a cross road connecting it with the old road from West Point to Aberdeen, which is at a considerably greater altitude. From the gap, it again falls at the same gradient to the 150 feet contour and then runs level through the property of the Missions Etrangères. Crossing the Pokfulam Stream on a bridge of 4 arches, a little further on, it joins the old road to Aberdeen, of which a length of 800 feet has been utilized after improving the gradients. Diverging again at No. 10 Bridge, which has been widened considerably, it falls at 1 in 20 and finally ter- minates in close proximity to the Aberdeen Docks by joining the old road near sea level, the reason for constructing this portion being the excessively steep gradients of the latter below the bridge mentioned. The road is surfaced through- out with decomposed granite.

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191

There are 10 bridges, all of which are built of granite masonry, with brick arches faced with granite, the spans varying from 10 to 17 feet. All bridges and retaining walls are provided with parapet walls of granite masonry, whilst other parts of the road are protected by iron railings where necessary.

The pathway before referred to commences near the bridge across the main stream on the road from the Peak to Aberdeen and joins the Jubilee Road near the No. 10 Bridge already mentioned.

The work was carried out for the Committee by Messrs. DENISON, RAM & GIBBS, Engineers, Mr. LI A PING being the Contractor. The total expendi- ture, including all charges, was $115,272.27, the amount expended under the contract being $106,146. These figures include the sum of $524.25, which was paid by Government.

88. Plague Account. Various works, intended for the mitigation of Plague or for operations in dealing with the outbreak of that disease which occurred dur- ing the year, were carried out, the cost, which amounted to $4,812.61 being de- frayed from votes under the control of the Sanitary Board. The following were the principal items :-

Fitting up hot-water tanks and bath-houses in connec- tion with His Excellency Sir HENRY BLAKE'S experimental blocks,

Supplying fuel for ditto,.

.$2,255 327

Temporary mortuary and other mat-sheds at Yaumati, 1,391 Mat-shed in Taipingshan for coolies engaged upon

Plague work,

upon l'lague work,

Mat-shed at Central Police Station for men engaged

217

212

89. Alterations of Roads.-The diversion of the Shaukiwan Road past Messrs. BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE's Shipyard at Quarry Bay was sufficiently advanc- ed to admit of turning the traffic over it and closing the old road in December.

The question of carrying out certain alterations and exchanges to enable the traffic to be diverted from the Praya in front of the Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company's premises at Kowloon was re-opened and satisfactory progess was made towards a settlement of the matter, but it had not been finally disposed of by the end of the year.

Arrangements were also made for the surrender to Government of portions of Kowloon Marine Lot 33 and Kowloon Inland Lot 210 for the purpose of widen- ing public roads and the boundaries of a number of lots were re-adjusted to admit of the extension of Robinson Road, Kowloon, northwards.

90. Surfacing Private Streets and Lanes.-The amount of work done under this heading was comparatively small, the total expenditure, which was apportion- ed among the owners of the properties abutting on the streets or lanes dealt with, amounting to $2,502.26. Practically all the work of this nature throughout the City and in Kowloon has now been satisfactorily completed, though repairs or renewals will, no doubt, become necessary from time to time.

91. Harlech Road and Road between Wanchai and Wong-nei-chong Gaps.- Work on these roads was resumed by the Military Authorities and was about completed by the close of the year.

92. Electric Tramways.-The laying of the tramway was begun in April and was well advanced by the close of the year. The track is a double one from Ken- nedy Town to Causeway Bay and a single one beyond the latter place to Shauki- wan. A short length of double track extends froin Praya East to the Grand Stand at the Racecourse, Happy Valley. With the exception of a considerable section past the Gas Works, another in Arsenal Street and along the whole extent of Praya East, and a third at Quarry Bay, practically the whole of the track was completed. Some delay in proceeding with the sections mentioned arose through want of rails. Good progress was made with the erection of the Company's Power Station and Car Depot on the east side of Bowrington Canal. The Company obtained the sauction of the Governor in Council to improve the grading of a portion of the road eastward of No. 5 Bridge at Quarry Bay, and this work was well advanced.

192

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

93. Expenditure.-The expenditure for the year was $72,708, as compared with $110,708 in 1902, and $91,772 in 1901.

94. Area rendered available for Building.-The whole of the remaining build- ing area provided by the reclamation, amounting to 6 acres, became available for allotment; the total area rendered available by the entire scheme being 33 acres.

95. Work executed.-The work executed during the year comprised a portion of the earth filling and the formation of the whole of the roadways, including kerbs, channels, gullies and connections, &c. on Section No. 6 West and similar work on Section No. 1 West, a small portion of road-making on the latter being left in abeyance pending the laying of the Electric Tramway tracks. With the exception of this and the laying of sewers in Section No. 1 West, 4, 5, 6 and 7 West, the whole of the Reclamation Scheme has been completed. The laying of the sewers is delayed as long as possible on account of settlement occurring in the newly reclaimed ground.

96. Re-construction of Government Piers.-A contract was entered into with Mr. TSANG KENG for building the superstructure of a Boat-slip and Landing opposite the New Harbour Office, and the work was about half done by the close of the year.

97. Staff and Plant.-The services of nearly all the outdoor staff were dis- pensed with and the pontoon crane was laid up in Causeway Bay. The tug Praya" was employed frequently and the two block barges almost constantly in connection with the trial works for the proposed dam at Tytam Tuk. Ordinary repairs to the plant were effected as required.

98. General Description of Scheme.--As the works have now practically reached completion, it may be useful to give a brief account of their origin and progress.

The Praya Reclamation Works were initiated by Sir C. P. CHATER, and have been carried out under the Praya Reclamation Ordinance, No. 16 of 1889. Prior to the passing of this Ordinance, reclamations of limited extent at West Point in front of the Sailors' Home and the Wharf and Godown Company's property (Marine Lots 95 and 105) were sanctioned, but, as these fell within the limits of the main scheme, they were subsequently carried out in conjunction with it. considerable quantity of rubble stone for the foundations of the sea-wall for these reclamations had been deposited before the main scheme was undertaken and, as the new reclamation projected somewhat further into the harbour, it was necessary to widen the mound so formed in order to bring the wall into alignment.

The reclamation extends from the boundary of the Naval Yard Extension westwards to a point opposite Marine Lot 181, a distance of nearly 2 miles, the total area reclaimed from the sea being approximately 65 acres, made up as follows:-

Praya Reclamation under Ordinance No. 16 of 1889,...59 acres. West Point Reclamations,

6 ""

Total,............. 65 39

Of this area 33.73 acres constitute building land, the remainder being occupied by roads and open spaces. An area of 2.21 acres of land outside the boundaries of the actual reclamation and formerly occupied by streets was rendered available for inclusion with building lots.

Details of the areas, in square feet and in acres, are given in tabular form in Appendix N.

The total length of new Praya Wall is 10,263 feet, made up as follows:- Praya Reclamation under Ordinance No. 16 of 1889,... 9,198 ft.

West Point Reclamations,

Total,

1,065

10,263

193

In connection with the Praya Reclamation Works the re-construction of Government Piers has also been carried on. So far as this work has progressed, it includes permanent structures for the Nam Pak Hong Pier; Boat-slips opposite the old and new Harbour Offices, Pottinger Street Pier, Blake Pier, Murray Pier, and temporary piers at Ice House Street and Wardley Street. The permanent structures are all of masonry and concrete with the exception of Blake Pier which is constructed almost entirely of iron.

The total expenditure, up to the 31st December, 1903, on the whole of the above-mentioned works, amounted to $3,362,325.37, made up as follows:-

Praya Reclamation under Ordinance No. 16 of 1889,.. $2,895,831.35 West Point Reclamations,

Re-construction of Government Piers,

Total,

221,378.28

245,115.74

$3,362,325.37

•

The estimated cost of the Praya Reclamation alone was $2,942,916.65; consequently, when all outstanding accounts are paid, a small balance will probably remain to the credit of the scheme, notwithstanding the great increase in the cost of work during recent years due principally to the drop in exchange from 3/-, at which rate the original estimate was made. The Ordinance provides, however, that the cost per square foot of any particular allotment is not to be fixed at the average cost of the whole Reclamation but at the average cost of the particular Section on which such allotment is situated. It is therefore more than probable that there will be a debit balance on some of the Sections, but it is certain that any such balance will only amount to a small percentage on the original estimated .cost. The actual cost in any particular case cannot be exactly stated until the revision of the accounts, now in progress, has been completed, and the necessary adjustments have been made between the various sections or between them and the Re-construction of Government Piers.

1889 The actual construction of the Reclamation was commenced in February, 1900; so that about 4 years have been occupied in its execution. In an out- lying part of the Harbour such a reclamation could have been carried out in less than half the time, as it would have been possible to proceed with the entire work simultaneously, but such an arrangement in the case of the Praya Reclamation, which extends throughout the entire frontage of the principal business part of the City, would have caused intolerable inconvenience and consequently it had to be carried out by degrees. There were also other circumstances which seriously affected the progress of the work.

The original design of the new Praya Wall was prepared when Mr. J. M. PRICE was at the head of the Public Works Department. Just before the com- mencement of the Reclamation Works he was succeeded by Mr. S. BROWN who made some fundamental alterations in Mr. PRICE's design necessitating the employ- ment of special plant, some of which had to be obtained from England. Although the rubble foundations for the Praya Wall were being proceeded with while the special plant was being obtained, a season's low tides were lost, and it may be said that the works suffered a year's delay, at the outset, through the change in design.

The principal feature of the new design for the wall was the substitution of blocks for granite footings, with the view of using the blocks, in the first instance, as temporary weights for loading and consolidating the rubble foundations. This was a slow and expensive process; but it was justified by results. The temporary load caused more or less settlement of the foundations, throughout their whole extent, and they generally reached a permanent bearing before the superstructure was commenced. In some instances, however, the settlement became so slow, during the later stage of the application of the load, that the blocks were removed before settlement was quite complete, and in building the superstructure an allowance for further settlement was made. In other instances the foundations suddenly collapsed, under the temporary load and, when this happened, the blocks had to be picked up with the aid of divers, the rubble foundations made good, and the temporary load replaced. Had the temporary loading of the foundations been dispensed with, it appears likely that several lengths of wall, probably after being finished to coping level, and backed up with earth, would have collapsed, and had to be rebuilt at great trouble and expense.

194

Another cause of delay was the period of severe depression and scarcity of money which was experienced in 1892, when doubts arose as to whether the Marine Lot-owners could fulfil their obligations in providing the funds necessary for the completion of the authorised works. The letting of new contracts was postponed until it was decided that the scheme was to be gone on with and carried to completion and, before this decision was arrived at, a season's low tides were lost, causing practically a year's delay.

According to the original programme, the Reclamation was to be commenced simultaneously at both ends, and the works were to be carried on until they met in the middle; but owing to the refusal of the Lot-owners on Section No. 1w to come into the scheme, that portion of the Reclamation was not taken in hand until 1898. In carrying it out, the rubble foundations of the sea wall subsided repeatedly, and caused more trouble and delay than any other equal length of foundations.

Owing however to delays on the part of the Contractor for Section No. 6w, Mr. TSANG KENG, work on section No. 1w, was completed practically simultane- ously with it.

Much of the work performed on the Reclamation is invisible, the foundations- of the Praya Wall extending down through water and mud to the hard ground. This means that the depth of the wall and rubble mound, from the top of the coping to the bottom of the foundations, varies from 27 to 80 feet. In addition to being extended out to the new Praya Wall, the Storm-Water Drains had to be reconstructed from the old Praya Wall backwards, for distances varying from 100- to 1,450 feet. The aggregate of the areas of the Reclamations outside the old Praya Wall has already been given as 65 acres, but the whole surface of the old Praya had to be raised, and portions of the surfaces of the adjoining streets. Thus the total area dealt with was 80 acres, and the total weight of materials used in the works may be put at something like 3,500,000 tons.

When it is mentioned that the cost of the entire work per square foot of building land has amounted to about $2 to $3 and that portions of the land in the western and central districts have realized $8.78 and $20.00 per square foot, res-- pectively, there can be no question as to the success of the scheme from a financial point of view. The scheme has also been of great benefit in providing new.and wide thoroughfares throughout the principal portion of the City and in affording accommodation for the great development which has occurred in the trade and population of the Colony. In addition to the sum expended upon the Reclama- tion itself, a large sum, probably about $4,000,000, has been spent in the erection of buildings on it.

STAFF &C.

99. Leave granted, Appointments, Resignations, &c..

The following Officers were granted leave exceeding one week's duration :----

Mr. J. R. MUDIE, Executive Engineer,... 12 months.

C. H. GALE,

Do.,

...

D. WOOD, Supt. A/cs., Correspondence

and Stores,

W. J. NEWLAND, Supt. New Territory

Survey,.

B. W. GREY, Land Surveyor,.

R. H. MUGFORD, Overseer,

M. TAYLOR, Overseer,

.....

A. W. J. SIMMONS, Overseer,

Miss A. DE Souza, Clerk,

Mr. J. M. CRUZ, Tracer,.....

WONG A FAT, Do.,

A SIN, Gardener, Cemetery,

5 weeks.

1 month and 26 days.

12 months.

19 days.

3 months.

1 month and 1 day.

1 month.

→ wir

195

I regret to have to record the death of the following Officers:

Mr. W. MACGREGOR, Overseer, Kowloon Water-works.

KON KANG, Foreman.

Mr. MACGREGOR's death was due to a gun accident whilst out shooting. He had proved himself a capable and efficient officer and his un- fortunate death occurred very inopportunely as regards the work upon which he was engaged.

The following officers left the service of the Department :-

Mr. W. L. TETT, Clerk of Works.

J. G. BALDWIN, Overseer.

J. W. DAVIES,

P. T. CRISP, Overseer, Building Ordinance.

R. C. WITCHELL, Meter-Reader.

J. C. POWER,

YEUNG KUN,

TAI SHIU LUNG, Clerk.

TANG NGOK WAN, Tracer.

TANG YUM HING,

A WAI, Foreman.

YOUNG SING, Foreman.

AH FUN, Watchman, (at Government House).

WONG KOON, Watchman, Garden Road Pumping Station.

CHAN KAM SAng,

West Point Filter Beds.

WONG SING,

LI KAM,

Arbuthnot Road Pumping Station. Bonham Road.

CHEONG AH FONG, Telegraph Workman.

CHUNG HONG,

WONG FUNG, Labourer, Pokfulam Reservoir.

CHEONG KON YAT, Store boy.

WONG TOP, Coolie at Tytam.

LAI FOOK, Coolie at Albany Filter Beds.

YEUNG SO,

LEUNG KI, Office coolie.

Ah LAI, Survey coolie.

A CHEONG,

LAU FOOK,

CHAN WONG CHOI, Survey coolie.

CHAU FOOK,

HÜ CHING,

CHOW CHING, Stoker, Bonham Road Pumping Station.

The following appointments were made :—

Mr. P. N. H. JONES, Assistant Director of Public Works.

H. T. JACKMAN, Executive Engineer.

A. E. WRIGHT, Assistant

A. J. DARBY, Land Surveyor.

A. C. MILNE, Clerk-of-Works.

W. DOBBS, Overseer, Building Ordinance.

J. HUTCHINGS,

W. T. EDWARDS,

A. A. PARK,

S. R. BOYD,

W. NEWTON,

W. COBB,

E. F. MARTINEZ,,,

196

Mr. J. C. BOTELHO, Meter-reader.

F. X. FRANCO,

CHAN SIG U, Clerk.

A. F. ROZARIO,

FUNG HING CHEONG, Clerk.

S. FERRIER, Custodian, Recreation Ground.

ERNEST AH CHIU, Tracer.

WONG WING Iu,

FUNG LAI Hon,

PANG YUI, Foreman.

YEUNG Po Li,

CHAN SING,

YU SEE, Watchman, Garden Road Pumping Station. WUN A FOOK, Telegraph Workinan.

CHUN AH FAT,

Ho KWONG, Store Boy.

TSANG CHUN, Office coolie.

CHAU KUI, Coolie, Government House.

CHENG YAU, Survey coolie.

WAH SING,

HO SHEANG,

TSUNG SOW,

CHUNG TAI,

NG KWAI,

NG Kow,

CHEANG YAU,

CHEUNG TAK,

CHOI SING KAI, Watchman, Pokfulam Reservoir.

TANG SOW,

Watchman, West Point Filter Beds.

KO LEUNG,

CHEONG CHUNG,

27.

WU NGAN,

Arbuthnot Road Pumping Station. Bonham Road

Government House.

Li Po, Labourer, Pokfulam Reservoir.

SAU WO, Coolie, Albany Filter Beds.

Foo ON,

WONG SEE, Stoker, Bonham Road Pumping Station.

The following Officers entered and left the service of the Department within the year :-

Mr. W. C. COLE,

A. SWANSTON,

JAMES HALLIDAY,

Overseer.

F. C. HURLEY, Clerk, Water Accounts.

C. F. For, Meter-reader.

G. H. LAWRENCE,

M. W. DAVIES,

CHAN FUNG TING, Clerk.

L. H. KwoNG,

CHAN SHIU KI,

H. S. WEST, Custodian, Recreation Ground.

E. SMITH,

L. CASTRO, Watchman, Pokfulam Reservoir.

CHEN HOI,

CHIU SHI,

Government House.

CHEONG CHUNG, Watchman, Bonham Road Pumping Station.

WONG CHIU, Coolie at Tytam.

and 11 Survey coolies.

}

· 197

Mr. H. G. C. FISHER, Assistant Engineer, was promoted to be an Executive Engineer (additional).

100. Recommendations of Public Works Commission (1902).-Steps were taken to give effect to the recommendations of the Public Works Commission, with the exception of the appointment of one Assistant Engineer for Maintenance Work and one Overseer for Roads.

The additional Executive Engineer recommended for the supervision of Extraordinary Works was obtained by promoting Mr. FISHER, Assistant Engineer, whilst the one for Drainage and Water-works was appointed in England (Mr. H. T. JACKMAN) and arrived in July. An Assistant Engineer to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. FISHER'S promotion was applied for, but had not arrived up to the close of the year.

As mentioned in last year's Report, the Overseer for Telephones was appointed in 1902. The two additional Overseers for Building Ordinance Work arrived in the Colony early in the year.

The additional Overseer for Water works also

arrived during the course of the year.

The Clerk in connection with Water Accounts was appointed locally.

The other appointments made during the year were for the purpose of filling vacancies in the Staff, some of which occurred in 1902.

In consequence of the passing of the new Public Health and Buildings Ordinance (No. 1 of 1903) and the proposal to carry out Improvement Schemes in the City, it was decided to appoint another Executive Engineer for dealing with such work. An Assistant Engineer and Overseer for carrying into effect the Rider-Main Scheme were also applied for, but none of these officers arrived before the close of the year.

As now constituted, omitting the Assistant Engineer and Overseer for Rider- Mains construction, the executive staff comprises the following :-

8 Executive Engineers.

8 Assistant Engineers.

2 Clerks-of-Works.

12 First Class Overseers.

12 Second Class Overseers.

15 Foremen.

There are also the following, exclusive of the Clerical Staff and minor appoint-

ments:

3 Land Surveyors.

1 Land Bailiff.

6 Tracers.

2 Meter-Readers.

1 Dredger Master.

1 Custodian of the Recreation Ground.

W. CHATHAM, M.I.Ç.E., Director of Public Works.

198

Appendix A.

ANNUALLY RECURRENT EXPENDITURE, 1903.

Amount in Estimates.

Supple- mentary

Votes.

Total Amounts Voted.

Expendi- ture.

Personal Emoluments, including Exchange Compensation,

Other Charges,

197,762.50

16,087.00

$213,849.50

e. $ C. $ C. 6,672.21 204,434.71 177,630.55 16,087.00 12,490.57

6,672,21 220,521.71 190,121.12

WORKS.

222

1. Maintenance of Buildings,.

$ 48,000.00

$ 8,300.00 | 56,300.00 | 55,819.99

in New Territory,

8,000.00

7,970.43

Telegraphs,

6,000.00

2,700.00

8,700.00

8,017.94

in New Territory,

2,000.00

600.00 2,600.00

2,260.09

Public Cemetery,..

3,000.00

2,000.00 5,000.00

4,773.96

Praya Wall and Piers, Lighthouses,.

3,000.00 6,000.00 3,000.00 2,000.00 5,000.00

9,000.00

7,216.14

4,628.46

8. Dredging Foreshores,

9. Miscellaneous Works,

10. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in City,.....

12,000.00

12,000.00 8,391.63

30,000.00 13,650.00

13,650.00 43,650.00 43,647.23

50,000.00

11.

12.

Roads and Bridges outside City, Roads and Bridges in Kowloon,..

25,000.00

15,000.00

17,100.00

5,500.00 | 55,500.00 | 55,329.42 2,000.00 27,000.00 | 26,855.98 2,100.00

16,585.34

13.

14.

Roads and Bridges in New Territory, Sewers, Nullahs, &c.,

5,000.00

4,684.55

16,000.00

1,500.00 17,500.00

17,293.61

20.

Clock Tower,...

15. Miscellaneous Services,

16. Gas Lighting City of Victoria,

17. Electric Lighting City of Victoria,

18. Gas Lighting Kowloon,

19. Maintenance of Public Recreation Ground,

21. Forming and Kerbing Streets,

22. Extension of Gas Lighting,

23. Drainage Works Miscellaneous,.

24. Maintenance of Water Works City and Hill District,

6,000.00

5,000.00

11,000.00

10,085.22

39,000.00

2,200.00 41,200.00 40,734.20

23,000.00

23,000.00 | 22,266.10

8,000.00

7,919.16

3,000.00

2,682.63

500.00

200.00

40,000.00

40,000.00 | 39,347.67

1,500.00

300.00

1,800.00

1,637.00

35,000.00

18,700.00

53,700.00 51,736.76

24,000.00 13,500.00

13,500.00

37,500.00

37,500.00 | 39,012.44

25.

26.

27.

Kowloon,

Shaukiwan, Aberdeen,.....

12,000.00

12,000.00 11,996.53

1,500.00

31.03

1,000.00

233.41

28. Water Works, Miscellaneous,

29. Water Account, (Meters, &c.),

30. Reconstructing and Repairing Roofs Govt. Civil Hospital,

16,000.00 16,000.00 32,000.00

16,000.00 32,000.00 | 28,644.20.

45,000.00

45,000.00 8.578.86

1,000.00

$481,500.00 103,050.00 584,550.00 529,579.98

199

Appendix B.

EXTRAORDINARY EXPENDITURE, 1903.

Re-Votes of

Amounts unexpended

Public Works Extraordinary, 1903.

in Estimates.

Balances 1902 and

Total Amounts voted.

Expendi-

ture.

supplemen-

tary Votes.

$ C. $

$ C.

1. Law Courts,

50,000.00

28,666.76

3. Harbour Master's Office,

2. Western Market,

4. Survey of New Territory,..

30,000.00

7,665.07

25,000.00

25,000.00 10,656.03

37,000.00

37,000.00 | 30,906.50

5. Additional Reservoirs, Tytam Drainage Area,

6. Kowloon Waterworks Gravitation Scheme,

7. Disinfecting Station in Kowloon,

8. Quarters at Do. for Inspector,

9. Extension of Inspectors' Quarters at Kennedy Town,

10. Public Latrines and Urinals,

11. Praya East Reclamation,-Government Share,

60,000.00

60,000.00 55,022.15

250,000.00

250,000.00 | 110,673.82

6,000.00

4,000.00

1,000.00 2.000.00

3,000.00

1,832.24

10,000.00

3,500.00

13,500.00

13,499.29

2,000.00 28,000.00

30,000.00

12. Tai Po Road,

8,000.00

3,914.31

13. City and Hill District Waterworks,.

9,000.00 5,342.30 14,342.30

14,288.79

14. Widening Conduit Road,

3,000.00

800.00

3,800.00

3,775.05

15. Public Bath-House, Cross Lane, Wanchai,

1,000.00

500.00 1,500.00

1,435.26

16. Government Offices Extension and Alterations,

5,000.00 1,500.00 6,500.00

6,492.47

17. Two Temporary Markets,-one opposite Sailors' Home and

one adjoining new Harbour office,

7,000.00 1,000.00

8,000.00

7,840.28

18. Extension of Wanchai Market, 19. City Waterworks,-Public Fountains,

3,000.00

2,354.76

10,000.00

616.42

20.

Do..

-Peak Supply and Reconstruction of No.

2 Tank,

50,000.00

5,269.18

21.

Do.,

-Tytam Tuk Scheme,

120,000.00

98,006.87

22. Reconstruction of Gullies,

32,000.00

32,000.00 31,961.36

23. Cattle Depôt Extension,

15,000.00 25,000.00

40,000.00 | 28,254.13

24. Post Office,..

20,000.00

20,000.05

6,781.05

25. Bacteriological Institute,

10,000.00

26. Road from Sam-shui-po to Lai-chi-kok,

25,000.00

27. Road from Kowloon Inland Lot 652 Hunghom, to Sixth St.,

Yaumati,

10,000.00

10,000.00 10,000.00

28. Public Bath-Houses, Pound Lane, Tai-ping-shan,

8,000.00

5,294.89

29. Resumption of Insanitary Property,

100,000.00

40,930.00

30. Governor's Peak Residence,..

4,000.00

3,645.67

31. Police Station, Tai O,

32. Additional Accommodation at the Sheep and Swine Depôt,

33. Cattle Crematorium and Refuse Destructor,

34. Derrick on new site, Gap Rock,

35. Rain-storm and Typhoon Damages (1902).

36. Fence round Plague Hospital,

37. Training Nullah above Ripon Terrace,

38. Training Nullahs in the Western District,

39. Public Mortuary, Extension and Reconstruction,

40. Rain-storm Damages (1903),

41. Resumption of Land in New Territory,

42. School at Yaumati for Chinese,

43. Mast for Weather Signals,

44. Tanks in Nos. 9 and 10 Health Districts,

45. Resumption of Kowloon Inland Lots 1,012 to 1,015, 46. Resumption of strip of Kowloon Inland Lot 1,087, 47. Victoria Hospital,

300.00

670.00

567.30

3,000.00

2,573.86

3,500.00

3,498.91

10,800.00

9,852.73

1,400.00

1,373.14

2,400.00

2,399.50

12,375.06

12,000.00

9,730.20

24,700.00 24,700.00

24,104.41

2,288.00 2,288.00 2,287.46

6,000.00 6,000.00 2,150.00 2,150.00 1,200.00 24,000.00

2,054.33

1.200.00

24,000.00

975.00 24,000.00

2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 2,133.00 2,133.00 1,456.79

$911,000.00 183,058.36 1,094,058.36 629,831.04

Expenditure subsequently charged to an Advance Account.

Appendix C.

SURVEY OF NEW TERRITORY.

Statement containing details of the Cadastral Survey including all cultivated areas in the New Territory and the villages shown on the 32" maps.

DISTRICTS.

No. of

Demarcation

No. of Sheets. No. of Tracings.

Districts.

Acres.

No. of Holdings.

Tai Po,

2,804.23

29,729

Shataukok,

2,416.87

41,235

Shatin,

1,362.53

18,375

Sai Kung,

115

116

117

3,023.83

49,557

Ünlong, Sheung U and Luk Yeuk (16′′ scale),

23,892.60

101,272

Tsün Wan and Tai Lam Chung Sub-Districts,

2,658.08

29,911

Lan Tao Island,

2,701.58

37,939

Lamma Island,

155.09

4,693

Pu Toi Island,

33.51

1,140

Cheung Chau Island,

Peng Chau Island (near Lan Tao),

Mah Wan Island,

Peng Chau Island (Mirs Bay),

32 22

3212

110.43

619

28.16

249

27.35

218

128.66

2,409

Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 401 South of Kowloon hills from Lai-chi-kok

to Devils Peak, (Resurvey on 32" scale), .......

1,366.29

10,582

Grand Total,.

477

557

555

40,709.21

327,928

200

༔.

Appendix D.

CITY AND HILL DISTRICT WATERWORKS, 1903.

Monthly Consumption and Contents of Reservoirs (gallons).

201

POKFULAM.

TYTAM.

WONGNEICHONG.

MONTH.

In Reservoir 1st of Month. over gauge.

Delivered

In Reservoir

Delivered

In Reservoir Delivered

COLLECTED

FROM

STREAMS.

1st of Month.

over gauge. Ist of Month. over gauge.

Consumption BLUE POOL (filtered). (unfiltered).[

TOTAL MINT DAM AND

GRAND

TOTAL.

RAIN-

FALL AT

OBSER-

VATORY.

REMARKS.

(inches).

January,

February,

21,600,000 14,912,000 270,070,000

57,338,000 1,900,000

46,706,000

2,369,000

March,

2,219,000

April,

May,

June,

81,184,000 30,398,000

64,906,000 30,458,000

84,094,000 30,458,000

....

10,645,000 12,084,000 222,520,000 1,000,000 4,191,000 181,235,000 181,235,000 | .57,237,000 2,400,000 5,257,000 129,070,000 9,400,000 17,113,000 104,120,000 52,000,000 26,740,000 211,900,000

July, 66,000,000 28,674,000 387,320,000 August, 65,010,000 31,550,000 384,800,000 September, 64,560,000 17,627,000 | 396,730,000 October, 64,830,000 25,558,000 407,780,000 131,364,000 2,877,000 134,241,000 1.66 November, 54,650,000 22,275,000 369,750,000 75,879,000 24,926,000 10,250,000 11,266,000 119,670,000 1,926,000 | 121,596,000 1.09 December,.... 37,915,000 22,721,000 307,725,000 81,567,000 12,816,000 7,782,000 .082 112,070,000 1,279,000 113,349,000

231,000 1,841,000 60,631,000 1,693,000 62,324,000 .21 3,358,000 64,786,000 1,736,000 66,522,000 2.65 53,911,000 2,319,000 1,084,000 7,708,000 67,960,000 1,933,000 69,893,000 4.73 52,009,000 | 4,634,000 | 21,130,000 21,595,000 111,847,000 1,953,000 113,800,000 13.96 72,790,000 460,000 3,621,000 26,988,000 130,139,000 1,955,000 132,094,000 25.23 64,433,000 29,728,000

72,481,000 1,707,000 74,188,000 1.377

Intermittent supply during whole month.

Intermittent supply up to 6th inclusive; constant supply commenced on the 7th.

45,246,000 138,353,000 2,812,000 141,165,000 11.16 30,384,000 143,118,000 2,758,000 145,876,000 14.97 50,622,000 133,155,000| 2,774,000 135,929,000 16.54 21,712,000

Constant supply during whole

month.

...

Constant supply up to 20th inclusive;

intermittent

supply commenced on the 21st.

ኝ

...

228,702,000

792,054,000

...

36,085,000 228,733,000 1,285,574,000 25,403,000 1,310,977,000 93.65

Appendix E.

CITY AND HILL DISTRICT WATERWORKS, 1903.

Particulars of Metered and Unmetered Supplies (gallons).

FILTERED SUPPLY.

UNMETERED.

METERED.

UNFILTERED

MONTH.

GRAND TOTAL.

CITY.

SUPPLY, METERED.

TOTAL.

CITY.

HILL DISTRICT.›

Trade.

Domestic.

202

January,

63,744,000

5,701,000

2,246,000

797,000

72,488,000

1,700,000

74,188,000

February,

51,416,000

6,096,000

2,502,000

601,000

60,615,000

1,709,000

62,324,000

March,

54,795,000

7,104,000

2,221,000

704,000

64,824,000

1,698,000

66,522,000

April,..

53,862,000

7,491,000

5,472,000

1,115,000

67,940,000

1,953,000

69,893,000

May,

97,596,000

7,481,000

5,594,000

1,176,000

111,847,000

1,953,000

113,800,000

June,

117,188,000

6,489,000

5,306,000

1,156,000

130,139,000

1,955,000

132,094,000

July,

120,738,000

9,759,000

6,489,000

1,367,000

138,353,000

2,812,000

141,165,000

August,.....

125,169,000

9,782,000

6,509,000

1,658,000

143,118,000

2,758,000

145,876,000

September,

115,380,000

9,767,000

6,481,000

1,527,000

133,155,000

2,774,000

135,929,000

October,.....

113,010,000

7,351,000

9,232,000

1,771,000

131,364,000

2,877,000

134,241,000

November,.

101,727,000

6,752,000

9,654,000

1,537,000

119,670,000

1,926,000

121,596,000

December,

92,966,000

9,423,000

8,403,000

1,278,000

112,070,000

1,279,000

113,349,000

1,107,591,000

93,196,000

70,109,000

14,687,000

1,285,583,000

25,394,000

1,310,977,000

Appendix F.

CITY AED HILL DISTRICT WATERWORKS, 1903.

Water pumped to Hill District and High Levels of the City (gallons).

(Theoretical Displacement of Pumps).

203

HIGH LEVELS OF CITY.

HILL DISTRICT.

GRAND TOTAL

MONTH.

700' Tank. (Peak Road District).

GOO′ & 650′ Tanks. (Robinson Road District).

Motors.

Engine.

Total.

COMBINED

TOTALS.

PUMPED.

Motors.

Engine.

Total.

Motors.

Engines.

Total.

January,

1,178,000

339,000

1,430,000

February,

935,000

269,000

March,

5,000

804,000

809,000

303,000

April,

1,476,000 1,476,000

403,000

1,133,000

1,119,000

403,000 | 1,191,000

May,

1,853,000

873,000

3,217,000

June,

571,000

2,144,000 2,715,000

860,000

3,764,000

July,

497,000

2,203,000 2,700,000

834,000

4,086,000

496,000 1,926,000 2,265,000 3,443,000 370,000 1,503,000 1,772,000 2,707,000 623,000 1,742,000 2,045,000 2,854,000 636,000 1,827,000 2,230,000 3,706,000 174,000 3,391,000 4,264,000 6,117,000 3,764,000 4,624,000 7,339,000

4,086,000

4,920,000 7,620,000

August,

September,

October,

November,.

December,

558,000 2,310,000 2,868,000 467,000 2,281,000 667,000 2,231,000 2,898,000 1,005,000 626,000 2,116,000 2,742,000 1,049,000 497,000 2,077,000 2,574,000 682,000

907,000

3,873,000

4,780,000 7,648,000

2,748,000

912,000

3,816,000

4,728,000 7,476,000

1,005,000

2,536,000 2,940,000

1,049,000

5,476,000 6,481,000 9,379,000 2,486,000 2,692,000 5,178,000 6,227,000 8,969,000 682,000 2,246,000 2,533,000 4,779,000 5,461,000 8,035,000

3,888,000

21,608,000 25,496,000

8,436,000

8,436,000 30,897,000 10,464,000 41,361,000 49,797,000 75,293,000

Appendix G.

CITY AND HILL DISTRICT WATERWORKS, 1903.

Comparative Table showing Water Pumped to Hill District since Supply Commenced (yallons). (Theoretical Displacement of Pumps).

MONTH.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1895.

1896.

1897.

1898.

1899.

1900.

1901.

1902.

1903.

970,000

828,000

Not measured.

726,000

659,000

| | 933,000 1,051,000 1,022,000 1,115,000 862,000 882,000 842,000- 950,000 951,000

976,000

735,000 | 1,669,000 | 1,641,000

993,000 | 1,730,000 | 1,362,000 | 1,574,000

951,000

1,373,000 | 1,542,000 | 1,613,000 | 1,751,000 1,387,000 1,769,000 1,654,000 1,933,000

1,641,000 1,881,000 1,566,000 1,178,000 741,000 873,000 1,434,000 1,553,000 1,347,000 1,516,000 836,000 | 1,138,000

992,000 | 1,093.000

814,000 935,000

648,000 809,000

740,000 1,476,000

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June,

July,.

August,

September,.

October,

November,.

December,

204

1,101,000 1,853,000

| | | 826,000 1,091,000 1,210,000 1,316,000

| | | | 1,152,000 1,175,000 1,140,000 1,176,000 1,409,000 1,553,000 1,957,000 1,939,000 2,001,000 1,796,000 2,715,000

1,206,000 1,324,000 1,252,000 1,397,000 1,560,000 1,618,000 1,972,000 2,127,000 2,041,000 2,175,000 2,700,000 1,257,000 1,257,000 1,386,000 1,393,000 1,462,000 1,498,000 1,808,000 2,157,000 2,323,000 2,451,000 1,920,000 2,868,000 | | | 1,103,000 1,270,000 1,364,000 | 1,380,000 1,404,000 1,421,000 1,995,000 2,214,000 2,182,000 2,709,000 1,912,000 2,748,000 | | | | 1,475,000 1,082,000 1,353,000 1,172,000 1,346,000 1,297,000 1,926,000 2,185,000 2,097,000 2,601,000 2,524,000 2,898,000 1,239,000 996,000 1,210,000 | | | 953,000 1,136,000 1,134,000 1,659,000 1,760,000 2,158,000 2,136,000 1,200,000 2,742,000 988,000 981,000 1,194,000 976,000 1,030,000 1,464,000 1,699,000 1,800,000 2,144,000 1,549,000 1,047,000 2,574,000

13,236,000 | 13,217,000 13,752,000 15,318, 18,180, 22,587,000 6,062,000 12,261,000 | 13,236,000|13,217,000 13,752,000 15,318,000 18,180,000 | 22,308,000|22,587,000 | 24,143,000 17,443,000 | 25,496,000

.1/

Appendix H.

CITY AND HILL DISTRICT WATERWORKS, 1903.

Comparative Table showing Water Pumped to High Levels since Supply Commenced (gullons).

(Theoretical Displacement of Pumps),

MONTH.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1895.

1896.

1897.

1898.

1899.

1900.

1901.

1902.

1903.

205

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June,

July,..

2,509,000 | 1,426,000 | 1,340,000

| | | | 962,000 1,358,000 1,478,000 1,951,000 2,221,000

| 2,433,000 1,700,000 2,265,000

Not measured.

1,851,000 | 1,257,000 | 1,153,000

1,084,000

1,301,000 1,372,000

989,000

1,839,000

1,526,000

| | 979,000 1,463,000 1,646,060 1,608,000

| 820,000 1,100,000 1,135,000 1,644,000 1,845,000 1,960,000 1,076,000 1,772,000 1,009,000 1,352,000 1,404,000 2,091,000 591,000 2,185,000

| | | | 945,000 1,164,000 1,203,000 1,436,000 1,355,000 1,097,000 2,022,000 2,063,000

1,491,000 1,835,000 1,869,000 1,460,000 4,264,000

968,000 2,045,000

824,000 2,230,000

1,745,000 1,376,000 1,226,000 1,787,000 1,476,000 1,432,000

August,

September,..

October,.

3,692,000 1,755,000 1,552,000 1,496,000 2,845,000 1,703,000 1,584,000 1,585,000 2,536,000

| | | 1,449,000 1,600,000

November,.

| | 1,391,000 1,473,000 1,502,000 1,451,000 2,015,000 | | | 1,478,000 1,632,000 1,613,000 1,490,000 1,939,000 | | | 1,543,000 1,638,000 1,578,000 1,569,000 2,320,000 1,701,000 1,704,000 2,173,000

1,699,000

1,641,000 1,957,000 2,158,000

2,727,000 3,598,000 4,624,000

2,732,000 4,070,000 4,920,000

3,258,000 3,909,000 4,780,000

December,

1,839,000 2,129,000 6,227,000

| | | 1,758,000 1,748,000 1,136,000 1,505,000 1,653,000 2,631,000 1,813,000 1,646,000 1,174,000 1,425,000 1,526,000 | 2,304,000 1,668,000 1,619,000 1,216,000 1,394,000 1,431,000 1,722,000 2,135,000 2,190,000 1,032,000 2,206,000 5,461,000

2,192,000 2,383,000

3,065,000 4,342,000 4,728,000

3,776,000 4,168,000 6,481,000

14,008,000 20,501,000 17,456,000 15,273,000 15,642,000 17,845,000 | 18,436,000 20,772,000 23,692,000 28,939,000 30,450,000 49,797,000

Month.

206

Appendix J.

KOWLOON WATERWORKS, 1903. Supplies from Old and New Sources. Monthly Consumption (gallons).

From old sources (Wells in Fo Pang and Tai Shek Ku Valleys, &c). (pumped).

From new sources (Cheung Sha Wan Intakes). (by gravitation).

Total.

Remarks.

January,

10,559,000

2,689,000 13,248,000

February,

9,233,000

2,148,000

11,381,000

Intakes No. 1 to 6 in use.

Do.

March,....

10,864,000

2,179,000

13,043,000

Do. No. 7 added.

April,.

8,961,000

2,226,000

11,187,000

Do. No. 8 added.

May,

8,719,000

5,719,000

14,438,000

Do. No. 1 to 8 in use.

June,

8,439,000

4,876,000

13,315,000

Do. No. 9 added.

July,

7,503,000 6,540,000

August,

14,043,000

3,276,000 9,277,000 12,553,000

Do. No. 1 to 9 in use.

Do.

September,

October,.

November,

December,

6,134,000

6,393,000

6,211,000 7,254,000 13,465,000

9,799,000 4,769,000 14,568,000

9,574,000 15,708,000

Do.

8,524,000 14,917,000

Do.

Total,.

96,091,000

65,775,000 161,866,000

Appendix K.

KOWLOON WATERWORKS, 1903.

Monthly Consumption (gallons).

METERED SUPPLY.

Month.

Trade.

Domestic.

Total.

Unmetered Supply.

Grand Total.

January,

982,000 2,395,000 3,377,000 9,871,000

13,248,000

February,

March,

575,000 1,711,000

688,000 1,502,000

2,286,000 9,095,000

11,381,000

2,190,000 10,853,000

13,043,000

April,..

855,000

1,804,000 2,659,000 8,528,000

11,187,000

May,

760,000

June,

850,000

July,

1,871,000 2,631,000 11,807,000

1,835,000

1,369,000 2,585,000, 3,954,000 10,089,000

14,438,000

2,685,000 10,630,000

13,315,000

14,043,000

August,

2,723,000 4,509,000 8,944,000

September,

October....

November,

December,

1,786,000

1,206,000 2,470,000 3,676,000 12,032,000

1,491,000 2,776,000 4,267,000 10,650,000

1,300,000 1,811,000 3,111,000 10,354,000 13,465,000

12,553,000

15,708,000

14,917,000

1,177,000 2,115,000 3,292,000

11,276,000

14,568,000

Totals,....... 13,039,000 25,598,000 38,637,000 123,229,000 161,866,000

207

Appendix L.

ABERDEEN WATERWORKS, 1903.

Monthly Consumption (gallons).

Metered

Unmetered

Month.

Total.

Remarks.

Supply.

January,

136,000

378,000

514,000

February,

137,000

388,000

525,000

March,

182,000

475,000

657,000

April,.

117,000

317,000

434,000

May,

76,000

372,000

448,000

June,....

111,000

478,000

589,000

Boat Supply, hitherto

July,

56,000

471,000

527,000

obtained from Water- works, discontinued.

August,

71,000

448,000

519,000

Do.

September,

75,000

401,000

496,000

Do.

October,

64,000

437,000

501,000

Do.

November,

47,000

353,000

400,000

Do.

December,

39,000

374,000

413,000

Do.

Total..

1,111,000 4,892,000

6,023,000

Appendix M.

SHAUKIWAN WATERWORKS 1903.

Monthly Consumption (gallons).

Month.

Metered Supply.

Unmetered

Total.

Supply.

January,

16,000

427,000

443,000

February,

15,000

402,000

417,000

March,

16,000

484,000

500,000

April,

22,000

580,000

602,006

May,

28,000

611,000

639,000

June,

21,000

655,000

676,000

July,..

19,000

684,000

703,000

August,

14,000

637,000

651,000

September,.

15,000

644,000

659,000

October,

11,000

705,000

716,000

November,

13,000

701,000

714,000

December,

16,000

614,000

630,000

Total,.....

206,000

7,144,000

7,350,000

Appendix N.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

RECLAMATIONS (1889-1903) BETWEEN THE NAVAL YARD EXTENSION AND MARINE LOT No. 181, SHEKTONGTsui.

BUILDING AREAS MADE AVAILABLE

(SQ. FT.)

STREETS AND OTHER OPEN SPACES PROVIDED OR RE-FORMED (SQ. Fr.)

Inside Old Praya Wall.

Total.

AREAS FILLED IN OR RAISED (SQ. FT.)

Sea Bed. Old Praya and

Total.

Approaches.

Outside Old Praya Wall.

Inside Old Praya Wall.

Total.

Outside Old Praya Wall.

Reclamation under Ordinance No. 16 of 1889,

2,579,978 589,612(1); 3,169,590 1,329,215

West Point Reclamations,.

266,622

Total,.

55,797 (2)

2,846,600 645,409

322,419

140,135

140,135(*) 126,487

3,492,0091,469,350

96,280 1,565,630

1,377,250

55,797

549,129 1,926,379

182,284

96,280 | 1,425,495(3) 1,250,763

493,332 1,744,095

208

AREAS FILLED IN OR RAISED (ACRES).

BUILDING AREAS MADE AVAILABLE (ACRES).

STREETS AND OTHER OPEN SPACES PROVIDED OR RE-Formed (Acres).

Sea Bed.

Old Praya and Approaches.

Total.

Outside Old Praya Wall.

Inside Old Praya Wall.

Total.

Outside Old Praya Wall.

Inside Old Praya Wall.

Total.

Reclamation under Ordinance No. 16 of 1889,.

59.228

13·536(1) 72.764

30.515

2.210

32-725();

28.714

11.325

40.039

West Point Reclamations,...

6.121

1.281(2) 7.402

3.217

3.217(3)

2.904

1.281

4.185

Total,.

65.349

14.817

80.166

33.732

2.210

35.942

31.618

12.606

44.224

(1.) Includes 84,161 Square Feet, or 1.932 Acre, on Old Approaches. Includes 6,300 Square Feet, or 0.145 Acre, on Old Approaches.

(3.) Includes Areas accrued to Government, amounting to 251,999 Square Feet, or 5-785 Acres, of which 31,414 Square Feet, or 0.721 Acre, was refused by the Marine Lot Owners who would have been entitled to it on complying with the statutory conditions.

(4.) Includes 64,700 Square Feet, or 1.485 Acre accrued to Government in front of the Sailors' Home.

NO. 1904

HONGKONG.

ROPORT ON THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

No. 7.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE, HONGKONG, 28th January, 1904.

SIR,I have the honour to present the Annual Report on Queen's College for the year 1903.

2. The total number on the Roll was 1,453 and the Average Daily Attendance 940, figures differing but slightly from those of the previous year. Though the attendance in seven months of the year exceeded that of the corresponding months in 1902, there is a small diminution ($200) in the revenue derived from Fees, which item would have shown an excess of about $800, had it not been for the closing of the Hall during the first five months of the year, owing to necessary repairs of the roof. The five extra schooldays are accounted for by the special holi- days in 1902 connected with His Majesty's Corouation.

3. Mr. A. J. MAY went on leave on the 3rd April and Mr. E. RALPHS has been an efficient Acting Second Master during his absence. Mr. DEALY was absent on leave throughout the year. Mr. HOLLIS arrived in February, but resigned on 31st May on leaving the colony. Mr. R. J. BIRBECK, B.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, was appointed in his place, arriving 20th September, and proving an energetic and successful teacher of English. Messrs. Lo PUN-FAI and FUNG HÓ-CHEUNG, 8th and 9th Chinese Assistants, having obtained appointments at Tientsin University as teachers of English subjects, resigned on 10th April; as also on 31st October did Mr. LAI CHAN-PONG on being appointed Translator to the Canton-Hankow railway. All three gentlemen had been conspicuously excellent teachers and I was sorry to lose their services. Promotions and appointments were made to fill the vacancies thus caused.

4. As reported at the time to the Government, the non-Chinese classes were abolished by me last February, owing to the diminution in numbers not justifying me in the assignment of two English Masters for their behoof. The boys were thereupon scattered among classes I-IV, being allotted to those sections that are under the charge of English Masters. The year's experience has shown that by far the majority of them has suffered by their return to mixed classes, as is testified by their position, obtained after competition, in the various class lists. As a compen- sation for the two Translation subjects, non-Chinese boys in classes I-IV offer Physiology and Natural Science as extra subjects; while in the remaining classes the total marks actually obtained by each non-Chinese boy are increased pro-ratâ by an average calculated on the total number of subjects offered by the class.

5. Monday, the 25th May, was observed by order of His Excellency the Gov- ernor as a holiday, in loving memory of Her late Majesty Queen VICTORIA. On Saturday, the 23rd, occasion was taken to explain to every class the reason of the holiday; and by aid of inaps practical demonstration was given of the expansion of the British Empire during the Victorian epoch. It did not appear convenient or advisable to assemble 1,000 boys, who live at all distances (up to two, three and even six miles) from school, to listen to the lecture on the holiday itself, especially in view of the damp hot weather usually prevalent in the month of May. I propose therefore to make a practice of annually addressing the boys on the subject of the British Empire, on the school day immediately preceding Victoria Day, which has now been gazetted as an Annual Public Holiday.

6. Chinese School, abolished in 1896, has at length been restored, five Ver- nacular Masters having been appointed by His Excellency from the 1st of January. During the past month they have been employed in marking Translations into Chinese, in examining boys already in the college with a view to their classification in Vernacular school, and in drawing up Time Tables and Regulations. By a scheme formulated by me last February, not only will there be the direct benefit from the study of the Chinese language but also there will be in English school the indirect advantage accruing from the transfer of masters from higher to lower English classes, while their own sections are pursuing Chinese studies,

7. In 1887 in the draft suggestions of the requirements for Queen's College, I included the appointment of a Normal Master. A few years later I applied for an allowance for this officer which was however refused. With the assistance of the Governing Body my labours in this direction have been crowned with success, and Mr. TANNER has been appointed Normal Master by His Excellency from 1st March until further notice. I have in my Annual Reports repeatedly borne testimony to the excellent work done by Chinese Assistants, who have acquired considerable skill in teaching, by laborious practice assisted by hints and advice given by myself. There can however be no question that the value of their services will be enormously enhanced by a course of carefully regulated instruction in the art and science of teaching.

8. At the Oxford Local Examinations the good results of the previous year were surpassed by the successes of 1903. 29 certificates were obtained by Queen's College boys-5 Senior, 9 Junior and 15 Preliminary. The mark G, next to Distinc- tion, was obtained 40 times in 1903 as against 16 times in 1902. Of the 29 certi- ficates, 16 were awarded to Chinese boys. Three Chinese boys were placed by the Oxford Examiners at the head of the Senior list in this college, and six at the head of the Junior. In the Preliminary list the two brothers GALLUZI, by offering Italian in addition to the usual subjects, ank first, being immediately followed by three Chinese boys. The percentage of passes in Queen's College is 83 in Senior, 43 in Junior and 79 in Preliminary. The inferiority shown by the Junior candidates should prove a salutary lesson for the future, as with very little more application several more boys might have passed. Hearty congratulations are again due to Messrs. RALPHS, GRANT and TANNER for their painstaking and successful instruction.

9. Various structural improvements have been effected by the Public Works Department in the college in the course of the year. An entirely new roof has been erected over the Hall, without a ceiling as a check on the ravages of white ants; the roofs elsewhere have been generally overhauled; improvements made in the approaches to the Latrine and its ventilation; and, on the suggestion of Mr. RALPHS, Acting Second Master, two extra rooms have been enclosed from the verandahs for the use of the Normal Master and the Pupil Teachers.

10. By Resolution of the Governing Body the Annual Examination of Queen's College, in the months of December and January, has been confided to the sole control of the Head Master; the Inspection and Examination by Independent Examiners being assigned to the summer.

11. The total number recently examined is 997-ecord figures for this college. The Oral Examination lasted throughout the month of December, Reading in all classes 997 boys, Conversation 760 and Grammar in Class VI, 166 boys. The Written Examination occupied twenty days in January, 7.165 pape:s being marked. Of these, 6,227 were corrected and inarked by myself, the remaining 938, being Translation into Chinese, were marked by the Senior Chinese Assistants. Class masters were present at the Oral Examinations, and were called to the office to notice anything of interest in the written work. The system of marking adopted was: 34 per cent. marks were necessary for a pass in subject and class, the questions being sufficiently severe and the standard exacted high. 34-49 marks Fair, 50-70-Good, 71-85-Very Good, 86-100 Excellent. Following this line I estimate the result of the examination as highly satisfactory.

Upper School,

Lower School,

.266 boys examined 235 or

493

88% passed.

430

238

221

Total for the College, ...997

886

Preparatory School,.

TABLE OF PERCENTAGE OF PASSES.

VIII, A,

co co

VI,

Or 01 00 00 0x

100

87100

VII,

78100

92 94100 100

97100

92100

100 100

RNS

82100

282

94 78

OL 68

ΟΙ

¥6

III,

9.1

196

II,

A 10 10

96|100

brand 10

1:༣ ༣

97100

77 | 100

97 23

97 100 100 79

88 | 100 | 100

79|100

88100

891100

1996

97 21

76|100

556

56|100

44 63

90100

9900176

64 70

39; 91

8928

• 고맛있었고

*8 Writing:⠀⠀⠀

•

ARRERAS

613

00176

CO 00

122&& Map drawing 1 Z

CLASS.

of l'asses.

Percentage

passed.

Total No.

examined.

Total No.

Chin.-Eng.

Eug.-Chin.

Conversation.

Reading.

Dictation.

Arithmetic.

Grammar.

Geography.

Composition.

History.

Algebra.

Enelid.

Mensuration.

Book-keeping.

Intelligence.

General

Shakespeare.

12. Observations on groups of subjects:

ENGLISH SUBJECTS.

Reading showed considerable improvement in phrasing, though mis- pronunciation of common words requires stricter attention. With the exception of the Junior section of Class I, which was generally weak, Dictation was very good. Shakespeare, History, Geography and Composition were exceedingly well done, there being specially noticeable a high degree of intelligence displayed in dealing with these subjects. The results in Conversation were most pleasing, the boys in the Senior section of Class I acquitting themselves so creditably that I regretted there was no one to hear them except myself and Mr. RALPHS. Professor BARNETT, formerly Principal of Borough Road Training College, thus delivers himself on the subject of Grammar, in the preface to a new Edition of Morell. "The study of Grammar would not have maintained so close a "hold on the schools if the teachers had not felt its paramount "importance as an intellectual exercise," and again: "General gram- "matical aptitude is of all things necessary as the indispensable "minimum of logic, without which we are liable to incorrect "thought as well as incorrect speech; for no mau has yet succeeded "in separating the idea and the name. Fully endorsing Professor BARNETT's remarks, I regret once more to be obliged to complain of the low standard attained in the important subject of Grammar. In this, as in many other subjects, there is need of more atten-

tion to individual scholars and I would venture to suggest to my masters the advisability of pursuing the course followed by myself during the eight years in which I discharged the duties of a prac- tical teacher in the Central School. I found excellent results obtained through dividing a class roughly into quarters, and de- voting my main attention to each of these quarters in different subjects on different days with occasional demonstrations on the blackboard to the whole class. More inspection of slates and less work on the blackboard appears to me the cure for weakness in Grammar and Mathematical subjects. Translations from and into Chinese were well done, the former being better than the latter. As usual, an unseen piece of Chinese formed the fifth question in every paper. In the Upper School I made selec- tions from recent issues of the local native press, and I was much pleased with the rendering into English, especially in the senior section of the First class. As a novelty this year I also inserted an unseen piece of English in every class to be turned into Chinese, but this was not equally well done. The papers written in Chinese were first assessed by the Vernacular masters on the matter of style and correctness in writing characters; they were then marked for translation by Messrs. Na and TSANG, the Senior Chinese Assistants. In view of the interest evinced by the boys throughout the college in this important branch of education, I much regret that (by 8753/03 C.S.O.) instruction in both Trans- lations has been prohibited in the Lower and Preparatory Schools, representing about 700 boys.

MATHEMATICAL SUBJECTS.

Arithmetic is again weak throughout the College. Algebra was a sue- cessful subject in the Upper School. On the representation of Mr. GRANT that the test in Class I was too severe, I allowed a pro rata increment of 25 % to the Senior Section, and 50 % to the Junior; but iu justice to myself, I must report that, as is the case with all other examination papers, no one question set failed to elicit a correct answer from one or more boys. Euclid was intelligently done in Classes I, II, and by a few boys in Class III where it is a new and difficult subject. A better grasp of prin- ciples might be exhibited in Mensuration, though several boys deserve high praise. A fair proportion of boys in Classes I and I did well in Bookkeeping. As it is musual for a non-Chinese boy to excel in these subjects, it is only just to CARL BUNJE to place on record that he obtained no less than 86 % marks in both Eudid and Bookkeeping.

MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS.

The General Intelligence paper was better worked than in my p evious experience; the answers we e full of interest, and showed acquant- ance with a wide field of information. Natural Science and Physiology were well done by the Senior Class non-Chinese boys, who offer these subject instead of Translation. Freehand and Model Drawing and Shorthand have been taught by Mr TANNER with gicat success as optional subjects.

13. The Scholarships were awarded as under :-

Senior Morrison,

Junior Morrison,..

Stewart,

Senior Belilios,

Junior Belilios,

....

JA.

TSE TSOK KAL.

A. YUNG YAM MUN.

IA. Ho YAN SIK.

IA. Kó Pó SHAM. IIIA. M. YAMASAKI.

The Chinese community has by subscription founded a "Blake" scholarship in honour of His Excellency the recent Governor. The annual value will be $150, and the first award will be made in 1905 after competition in Translations and English Composition To the list of donors of prizes published in the report for 1902 should be added the names of Messrs. WAN TSUNG-IU and LEUNG LAN-FAN both former

scholars and masters of this college, who have attained high positions in the Chinese Imperial Service. The sons of Mr. ARCULLI, old scholars, have joined their father in presenting a handsome donation.

14. In December, Mr. HANNIBAL WILLIAMS was kind enough to accept my invitation to give in the Hall a recitation of Shakespeares' Henry IV Part I. There was a good attendance, and the opportunity was welcomed especially by those boys who annually make a study of some Shakespearean play. The School Magazine and various clubs continue to flourish.

15. A new and more liberal scale of salaries for Chinese Assistants and Pupil Teachers came into effect from 1st instant.

16. Now that the Government is contemplating expending money on Lectures on the British Empire, and on instruction in Hygiene and Tropical Diseases, it is to be hoped that there will be no further difficulty in obtaining $400 for gymnastic appliances to improve the physical condition of our scholars, and bring their school life more into accord with that prevailing elsewhere in the empire.

17. The usual Tables of Statistics are attached.

The Honourable A. M. THOMSON,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

I have. &c..

GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, D.D. (Oxon),

Head Master.

1903.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE.

NUMBER

MONTH.

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF AVERAGE

ATTEND- SCHOLARS. ANCES.

SCHOOL DAYS.

DAILY AT-

REMARKS.

TENDANCE.

January,

1,002

16,426

912

February,

997

6,785

969

March,.

998

24,104

927

April,

1,064

16,400

965

May,

1,017

21,965

879

June,

931

17,018

774

July,

964

19,425

844

August,

909

1,793

897

September,

1,139

22,280

1,061

October,

1,117

26,217

1,049

November,

1,093

24,240

1,010

December,

1,051

22,462

977

219.115

233

Total Number of Attendances during 1903,

Number of School Days during 1903,.

.219.115

233

Average Daily Attendance during 1903,

940

Total Number of Scholars at this School during 1903.

1,453

100

AVERAGE EXPENSE OF EACH SCHOLAR AT QUEEN'S COLLEGE, 1903.

Expenditure:--

Do., Exchange Compensation, ...... 16,264.75

Cash Book,

Crown Agents,

Do.,

Ajustment of Exchange,..

$32,275.64

5,729.40 *

1,258.56 *

Total,...................

..$55,528.35

Deduct :-

School Fees,

Sale of Books,

Refund,

$29,361.00

8.30

6.00

-$29,375.30

Total Expense of College,............$26,153.05

Average Expense of each Schoolar :---

Per Number on Roll,

Per Average Daily Attendance,..

HONGKONG, 28th January, 1904.

.$ 18.00

27.80

GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, DD. (Oxon.),

Head Master.

*November and December estinated only.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT BY THE EXAMINERS OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of Ilis Excellency the Governor.

EDUCATION Department,

HONGKONG, 10th September, 1904.

SIR,- As requested in C.S.O. 4833/04 we inspected Queen's College during the last three weeks of the summer term, and have now the honour to submit the following report.

METHOD OF CONDUCTING THE EXAMINATION.

2. The examination was conducted in the way described in last year's report.

3. In forming our opinions we paid particular attention to the following "General Recommendations" which were made by the examiners last year :---

Colloquial English.-This should be (what it certainly is not at present the most important instrument for teaching English. From the outset boy's should be taught to talk to the master and to each other. That this can be done is beyond dispute. If it were done, we should not find that boys after 3 or 4 years' education in English were unwilling to reply to the most simple questions.

"History and Geography.-It is highly desirable that a syllabus should be carefully thought out and laid down, so as to extend throughout the school without variation from year to year.

"Mathematics.-This is much the strongest subject, and we recommend that less time be devoted to it and more to the teaching of English, until the deficiencies of that subject are improved.

"Reading.-Reading is studied in the Lower Classes as it were under two heads, reading without and reading with, a comprehension of the meaning of what is read. This system is quite indefensible and should be amended.

Ch nese.-The teaching of Chinese should be altogether reorganized.

Organization. The less competent Chinese masters should be placed under the supervision of English masters.

"General.-In order to secure continuity these general recommendations should be made the basis of next year's report.'

4. At the end of our report we have made further general recommendations as to History and Geography, Mathematics and Organization. Our criticisms on Colloquial English, Reading and Chin se are concerned with minor points only, and are given below under those headings. No more general recommendations upon the teaching of these subjects were made, because those made last year have been adopted in a most complete and satisfactory manner.

THE ARRANGEMENT OF CLASSES. →

The average

5. The organization of the School remains as described last year. attendance is nearly 1,000, rather more than one-fourth of the boys being in the Upper School (Classes I, II and III), one-half are in the Lower School (Classes IV, V and VI), and the remaining quarter in the Preparatory School (Classes VII and VIII). The Classes are sub-divided into Divisions distinguished by letters- IA, IIIc. Divisions of a Class do the same work. With some exceptions, the Divisions of the Upper School are under English Masters, those of the Lower School under Chinese Masters, while the Preparatory School is by a most happy innovation staffed by Chinese Masters and Pupil-Teachers under an English Normal Master.

l. Jeg

6. Since last year a Chinese Side has been added to the Lower School and Preparatory School; a pass Entrance Examination in Chinese has to be gone through; and a system is being gradually introduced under which it will, in a few years, be no longer possible for Chinese boys to reach the Upper School without a working knowledge of the Chinese Written Language.

646

RESULTS ATTAINED IN THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS.

7. We formed our conclusions after examining the boys both orally and by written papers, after conversation with the masters and examination of note-books. We also required the master to give lessons to their Classes for our benefit.

COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH.

8. The improvement that has been effected in the Preparatory School is most striking, and a matter for sincere congratulation. Last year the examiners re- ported: "We did not find any attempt made to teach the boys to do the talking till "much higher Classes were reached. We regret that the colloquial acquired in "Classes VII, VI, V and IV by boys who have presumably been studying from "2 to 5 years by no means showed a sufficiently rapid improvement. In fact only "in IVA under a European Master did the boys begin to talk a little. "could get was a Chinese version of English sentences spoken to them by us...... "the Chinese Masters employ Chinese and not English in giving directions con- "nected with the ordinary school work." At the present examination we did not hear a single order given in Chinese, while on the other hand such orders as "Put your feet close together," "Don't bite your nails, Boys in blue coats stand, the rest sit down, "Take the book on the table, and put it on your desk" were readily understood by boys who have been under instruction for less than six months.

?? 66

9. Plans of the school buildings have been prepared, and are well understood. In the lowest Class we received such replies as "That is a plan of the ground floor of Queen's College, Sir," "The steps are made of wood."

Coloured pictures as subjects for conversation lessons have only just been obtained.

10. In a word we find here boys who at the end of their first term have acquired a considerable vocabulary, a fair pronunciation and (above all) perfect willingness to talk.

11. In Class VII the improvement was not so marked, but still great. And it must be remembered that though this Class has been learning English for 11⁄2 years, it has only had the benefit of the new method for 5 or 6 months.

A map, of the city has been studied; and such answers as "Queen's Road is coloured green, "That building is the City Hall, Sir" were readily given. Here again it was at once evident that the boys were accustomed to being addressed and to replying in English. Class VIIc were not always very attentive.

12. The Classes VI and V, under Chinese Masters in independent charge, have also made a very striking improvement. All the boys seemed pleased to speak English with an Englishman. In Class V long vivâ voce examinations were held without the need of a word of Chinese.

13. Class IVB was not so good. Here for the first time we encountered the old difficulty in getting the boys to reply to plain questions. When they did, their grammar was very weak. At the same time it is only fair to remember, that it is no easy thing to give tongues to boys who have for four years been taught to rely on their pens. At any rate they were better than last year. In IVA under an Englishman they were comparatively fluent. In IVc, too, they seemed ready to answer when spoken to.

14. In the Upper School there was also some improvement, especially in IIIA, which was much better than III or IIIc in this respect. In LA and In there were boys who could converse fairly well on simple subjects.

15. English Composition (including Grammar).-Next to speaking correctly it is most important that a clear and grammatical style of English composition should be taught. But correct writing follows naturally on correct speaking; and therefore when the boys who are now beginning their studies reach the higher Classes, a great improvement in the standard of composition may reasonably be hoped for. Boys in Class III have presumably been learning English for 5 years, which is ample time to master a foreign language. No lower ideal should satisfy Queen's College than this, that in the Upper School gross grammatical mistakes should be rare or unknown.

647

16. A short story was twice told to 15 boys, so selected as to be representa- tive of Class IV. This test has only been applied hitherto to Class III; but it seemed to the examiners that, in view of the great improvement in Colloquial, the top boys of the lower School might fairly be submitted thereto. This belief was justified by the result. In comparing the papers with those done by Class III last year, it was found that 13 boys out of 15 had grasped the sense of the story, as compared with 8 out of 15. But considered as compositions the papers do not deserve a higher mark than fair. There was little to choose between the three Divisions of the Class. The fact is of interest as shewing that the undue forcing forward of incompetent boys, adversely commented on below, does not occur in the Lower School. The following are types of very common grammatical mistakes, which should be carefully studied by masters and boys with a view to their eradication :-

He got up and walk along the road.

He said he can not.

He put it down and goes away.

(This historic present if used at all should be used consistently, but it is better avoided altogether. When scattered at random among verbs in the past tense, it excites suspicion that the author is uncertain whether "went" or "goed" is correct.)

He was hurt his leg.

A few word.

Someone were.

17. Class III was set a short essay, to write an account of their doings on the last Sunday. Hitherto their compositions have been confined to the reproduction of a story. Next year the essay might well be set to Class IV, and the story to Class V.

18. Divisions A and B of Class III did very fairly. Division C was poor, and would probably have been all the better for another term in the Lower School. But we wish to make it clear that a considerable improvement has been made since last year. Our standard has been raised, and raised for the next few years it should continue to be, since it is still a low one.

19. Class IIA was fair. Class IIB very bad. Class IA was also fair, and IB very bad.

bad. In these two classes also the standard has been raised. We have evidence that great pains have been taken to correct those particular mistakes to which attention was drawn last year.

20. We attribute the weakness of this.subject in the two top Classes to two main causes, one of which appears immediately remediable. Out of 65 papers corrected, 31 are classified as very bad, and the authors should never have received promotion. This weak spot was pointed out last year. But apart from this, their insufficient grounding in colloquial makes it inevitable that the senior boys should spoil, as they so often do, a passage giving evidence of a large vocabulary and even of some elegance, by gross grammatical blunders. Fortunately, there is every rea- son to hope that this second cause of failure will be remedied in a year or two by the good work at present being done in the Lower and Preparatory Schools.

GEOGRAPHY.

21. This subject is now introduced in the way recommended by the examiners last

year. The topography of the City of Victoria is studied in the Preparatory School, thus giving the necessary insight into the meaning of scale, and conventional signs. Next year maps of the Island and New Territory will doubtless be studied. This method is incidentally very effective in teaching English, and explains the mean- ing of geographical definitions in the clearest way. We cannot recommend the little catechism used in Class VI. It is true that most of the boys in that Class had some idea of the dimensions of Hongkong, although they were very vague as to the height of the Peak. But why should they begin their studies by learning-as they all had learned that the Isle of Wight is 23 miles long by 13 miles broad? However the answers of the catechism were well known by some of the boys, though many appeared to take little interest in the subject.

648

22. The master of VB seems to have well taught the general outlines of Europe and Asia, and has driven his facts home by frequent references to local geography. We were pleased to find, on telling the Class to mark off on the map of Europe a part equal in size to Hongkong, that the problem puzzled nobody. The flags of the great powers were described, and the difference between the red and the white ensign was elucidated-all this without using a word of Chinese. In IVA the Geography of China was well known on the whole. Rather more attention should be paid to the "build" of the country, e.g., the physical causes which led to the change in course of the Yellow River were not at all understood. Contour maps both here and in other Classes should be used oftener.

23. In the Upper School we have again to point out the lack of a scheme calculated to suit the instruction to local requirements. The work in the two highest Classes is dependent on the demands of the Oxford Local; and they in turn depend on the needs of English boys in England not of Chinese in Hongkong. Thus, such relatively unimportant countries as Sweden or the Netherlands are studied in detail, while Japan, Corea and Manchuria are left untouched. There is no class in the school to which such a question could fairly be put as 'ompare the policies of Japan, the Philippines and the Straits Settlements with regard to Chinese immigration.

HISTORY.

24. History is not taught at Queen's College in the Lower and Preparatory Schools. We examined the Upper School by means of written papers. We make a few general remarks upon the teaching of History in the College, after shewing how the boys acquitted themselves in the work actually studied by them.

25. Class I (A and B).-The period selected was the Stuart period. Papers were answered by 21 boys. We have much pleasure in saying that the boys have been most carefully taught. TANG, TAT-HUNG sent in the best aper, but U HANG-TOK gave a very good reply on the question of the divine right of kings.

26. Class II (A and B).--The period studied was also the Stuart period, taken however in much less detail than in Class I. The questions we asked were broad and general, such as "What were the causes of the Civil War?" "What do you know about John Bunyan ?" On the whole the questions were well an- swered, though in Class IIB it was a common mistake to suppose that Mary II was the daughter of Charles.

27. Class III (A, B and C).—The period was the Normans and early Plan- tagenets. The questions set were simple, and most of the correct answers appear to have been learned by heart, e.g., to the question "What do you know of the Feudal System?" this reply was given in exactly the same form by a large number of boys: "The Feudal System was the custom of paying for land by giving service in war, instead of giving money for it.' On the whole the answers were good; and the text-book had been carefully learned-in many cases almost by heart.

28. But while acknowledging that the History taught was well taught and learned, we have a further question to consider. Is the knowledge of History acquired by the senior boys of any use to them? Or could History be taught to them in a more useful way? The prevailing system is this.

The prevailing system is this. As a boy passes through the Upper School he learns three periods of English History (which some- times overlap and sometimes leave wide gaps) and there his knowledge ends. This system can be defended, as it seems to us on two grounds only: ---

I. Because such is the instruction provided in most English schools.

II. Because the Chinese boy in Hongkong is thus taught the History of the dominant race in Hongkong.

29. The first reason has only to be stated to be refuted. In the first place History is usually very badly taught in English Schools. In Germany and in the the United States of America, where far more importance is attached to the sub- ject, the history of foreign countries is not neglected. In the second place the English boy cannot go through his course at school without learning a great many historical facts outside it. He reads the Classics, he learns his Biblical History, he

649

reads historical novels, he also reads newspapers and magazines. And so he ac- quires a general acquaintance with the ancient civilizations, and with Continental History from about 1000 A.D. in so far as its course is reflected in English History. Between about 100 A.D. and 1000 A.D. there is a strange hiatus, and the average English VI-form boy knows more about Wat Tyler and Joan of Arc than of Mohamed, Charlemagne or Justinian. But this gap represents, in the case of the Chinese boy, the whole history of mankind upon the earth, except as regards the inhabitants of the British Kingdom at a time before the British Empire was evolved, when it still might be called "that nook-shotten Isle of Albion."

We imagine it would be quite possible to find boys at the College who could correctly give the dates for all the battles in the Civil War, but who have never heard of Julius Cæsar, Xerxes, or Frederick the Great.

30. The second plea-that English History should alone be studied because it is the history of the dominant race-is equally misleading. The History now taught does not give a boy any idea of the English as a dominant race.

A boy learns that William Rufus was so called because he was of a ruddy complexion, or that John Bunyan was a Protestant Preacher who wrote while in gaol a book called Pilgrim's Progress, or as it was often described, The Progress of Religion. But our impression is that few boys had a clear idea of the steady development of the nation in intelligence and power.

31. Mathematics.-In the Lower and Preparatory Schools rather more than one-fifth of the school hours are assigned to Arithmetic, the only mathematical subject. Thus, the average boy spends something more than one hour a day on Arithmetic for five years, before he is introduced to the higher branches of Mathe- matics. This is in itself a long course, especially when it is remembered that the average age of boys who begin their education in the lowest Class must be at least twelve or thirteen.

32. The work was good and accurate on the whole.

Much time is spent in dealing with English Weights and Measures, and it is worthy of consideration whether some change might not be well made as regards this.

33. In the Upper School, Class III, Euclid and Algebra are begun. In Classes II and I Mensuration and Book-keeping (classified as a mathematical subject) are begun. The total time given to Mathematics is about one hour a day or rather Of this, 30% is still occupied with Arithmetic and about 21 % with Algebra, and the same with Euclid.

more.

34: The Arithmetic papers shewed the best results. The work submitted by IA and IB and by IIIA was good.

35. Algebra.-The work on the whole cannot be called good. The main source of failure was inability to translate words into symbols correctly.

36. Euclid was fairly well done except in Iв and IIB. The exercises set were not well done.

37. Mensuration was offered in IB and part of IA only. Some of the work was good.

A short

38. Book-keeping is not a strong subject. IB was a complete failure. and easy example of stock taking was set. All the candidates put stock and cash together when they should have been kept separate to see exactly how things stood at the half-year. Such simple business terms as arrears, endorse, crossed-cheque were frequently misunderstood. The method of teaching this subject requires revision.

39. Speaking of the Mathematics as a whole we do not think that the work goes far enough in Algebra. After a long course of instruction, including three years teaching of this subject, something beyond the ability to solve quadratic equations might be acquired. We think a course might be arranged, beginning in Class IV and including the binomial theorem.

40. As the rules given in the text-book on Mensuration are learned by heart, their application involving no more than Elementary Arithmetic, we see no reason why the subject should not be taught as Arithmetic, say in Class III. Questions upon Mensuration would then be seen to be what they are-arithmetical exercises.

650

41. Plane Geometry.-Two books of Euclid do not, considering the time spent, represent a great attainment of knowledge of Geometry, although it may serve as an introduction to exact reasoning. The syllabus might with advantage be revised. It would probably suffice to teach certain selected propositions only, while the time so saved might with great advantage be devoted to work with squar- ed

paper, that is, shewing graphically the meaning of algebraical formula. This sort of knowledge is most useful to practical men in many professions. We should (further) like to see the use of four-figure Logarithms taught (not the method of compiling these tables) and if possible some elementary knowledge of the slide rule.

42. We suggest the possibility of forming special Mathematical Classes in the Upper School for boys who show a marked taste for the study. But we have not sufficient facts before us to enable us to express an opinion as to whether it would in practice be convenient to do so.

READING.

43. Since last year the Palmerston Readers have been adopted in the Lower and Preparatory Schools. Until Readers written from the point of view of Chinese boys are obtainable, these are perhaps as suitable as any.

The

44. Great pains have been taken to teach a correct pronunciation. tendency to slur final consonants, which is mentioned in last year's report, is no longer noticeable. The masters were careful to correct mistakes at once. In VB, the master does not make plain the difference in the vowel sounds of "this" and "tease." Chinese masters should note carefully the different sounds of the letter s in such words as 'lease' and 'please.' The English

The English sound is soon learned, but curiously there is a tendency to pronounce the sound as r, rion for lion. In a few Divisions the boys do not read loud enough for the rest to hear, but a great improvement is noticeable in this respect also. It is an important point, and one that applies also when boys are questioned individually. If the boy addressed is not perfectly audible throughout his Division, the others will pay no attention to what he reads or what he says and so the teacher's criticism is wasted on them. Or else he has to repeat the boy's mistake for the benefit of the Class. If he has to do so twenty times in an hour, he will have wasted much time and wasted his energy to no purpose. This mistake was particularly noticeable in VIIB. Classes V and IV read clearly and audibly.

45. We are glad to report that the system of teaching boys to read a passage one day, and telling them the meaning of what they read some days later, has been abandoned. The masters now see that the boys understand the general meaning of what they are reading, and a word-for-word translation into dog-Chinese is no longer attempted.

46. It is encouraging to hear from the Normal Master that these new methods have proved popular, and that under them the average attendance has improved.

47. The Upper School was examined by calling on a few boys in each Division to come up and read, and then explain what they had been reading about. Classes IA and B read well and with understanding. In Class II the reading was very fair. Class IIIA was markedly better than the two other Divisions of this Class, the obvious reason being that it is under an Englishman.

THE CHINESE WRITTEN LANGUAGE.

48. The Lower and Preparatory Schools have since last year been furnished with a Chinese Side, organized on the plan of the Mathematical Side in many schools at Home; that is to say, the boys are arranged into Classes without reference to their attainments in other subjects. Though it is too early yet to draw conclusions as to what this new departure will finally achieve, we can say with confidence that the results hitherto seem to be most promising.

49. The recently instituted entrance examination makes it now impossible for a boy to be entirely ignorant of his own language on entering the College. He now goes through a course there, which is mainly intended to enable him to turn to practical use the knowledge of Chinese letters which he brings with him. And it is to be hoped that before long that strange anomaly, the Chinese senior boy ignorant alike of his own language and of English, whom so many previous exam- iners have referred to, will become unknown in the College.

651

The works studied in the Chinese School appear to have been selected and graduated very judiciously. In Class I, the lowest, where the boys have studied Chinese from one to two years, the meaning of words, and reading, writing and the explanation of simple sentences, together with short stories such as "Falling down a well" or "The worship of Confucius," are taught.

In the top Class, where the boys have all studied, from 5 to 6 years, and many of them for longer, selections from the Classics were read and explained. We venture to suggest that some of these works might be recommended to the attention of Cadets studying the language.

52. Class I is divided into three Divisions and contains roughly 200 boys. The boys selected read well from the volume of the Mung Hok Tuk Pun allotted to them, and were all able to explain in colloquial Chinese the meaning of what they had read. They also wrote on their slates sentences from this book: the writing was good on the whole, though were occasionally used, e.g., Z for

for A letter was also written on the Ts'ing Ming Festival, or as an alternative on the Dragon Boats, and this was well done.

53. Class II.-Here the boys have studied for 3 or 4 years, and their reading and writing were very good. The top boy read at sight and explained an unseen passage from the Liu Chai. A short passage was set as dictation, which was written correctly with the brush by nearly all the boys. The Master, Mr. Ho FUNG-CHEUNG, has evidently taught his Class most carefully.

54. Class III.—The boys have studied from four to seven years. They read from a more advanced volume of the Mung Hok Tuk Pun. The writing in this Class was particularly neat.

55. Class IV seemed to have read Chinese for about the same average time as the boys in Class III, but the subjects offered were more advanced. The top boy in this Class, FUNG HON-PING, was good. Passages from the Tso Chin were read and explained.

56. Class V-The Class read passages from the Classics, and appears to have studied Chinese for a minimum of 6 years. The writing from dictation was excellent, and no mistake was made by any of the 16 boys who did this exercise. We also gave unseen passages from the Liu Chai and from the works of the philosopher LIT to be read and explained; in every case the passage was under- stood, and a word-for-word translation into Colloquial Chinese was given. The Liu Chai is by no means easy. It is a very hopeful sign that so many boys were

able to understand and explain this book.

57. In the Chinese Side and in the corresponding Lower and Preparatory Schools, translations from Chinese into English and vice versâ are not attempted, rightly so in our opinion. The Written Language is quite difficult enough to learn, without harrassing boys, who are only beginners, by asking them to tran- slate it into English, of which they know still less. To require a boy in the Lower School to translate from Chinese into English is much the same thing as to ask an English School boy to translate from Latin into French. Translation is an art in itself and presupposes a good knowledge of two languages. As such it is, we hold, wisely confined to the Upper School.

58. We have been asked to report on the work done by the Vernacular Masters in charge of these Classes. It is a pleasure to be able to report most favourably. They have evidently taken great pains with their work; and we con- sider the prospects of the Chinese Side to be most promising.

59. The Upper School (Classes I, II & III).-These Classes were examine in Chinese by means of an unseen paper, selected from one of the Readers no

you use in the Chinese Side of the Lower School. The passages set presented difficulties, though they contained a few words that are somewhat. Ancon Class I the papers were attempted by 33 boys, and the res follows: 2 were good, 5 were fair, 11 though poor sh meaning, and 15 were worthless. We attach ty

*Not pr

652

one, the best translation made in the Class; the other serves to show how entirely ignorant of their own language are nearly half the senior boys of the College. It is necessary to add that the two examples are translations of the same piece. In it the expression

and after a while" or "in a moment" occurs. No fewer than 8 boys, recognizing the word f, which is also used for Russia, drew a bow at a venture and gave an account of the Russians, who, needless to say, had nothing to do with the matter. TUNG TING-SUI and TSE YANG-LING in Ia did good papers, and TSANG KAM-FUK in IB did very fairly. But in Chinese as in other subjects we bear out the contention of former examiners, that between the top and the bottom boys a great gulf seems fixed; so that it is hard to understand how they, come to be classified together.

60. The papers set for Class II were evidently beyond them. Good work was done by PUN SZ-LO, NG KWOK-LEUNG, WONG PO-NAM and LUK YI-YAN.

61. The paper set to Class III was very easy, and was generally well done; what mistakes there were being due to a want of knowledge of English rather than to failure at comprehending the Chinese. The old variants of the word "shame were again noticeable-he was very shame, he very ashame, etc.

62. We have dealt but briefly with the Chinese of the Upper School, because the general ignorance is attributable to the system only recently abolished. No adequate knowledge of Chinese can be looked for in the Upper School until the new system has begun to bear fruit.

63. Discipline is excellent.

DISCIPLINE.

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS.

64. While we are agreed that the work of the Lower and Preparatory Schools has immensely improved, and is, broadly speaking, very satisfactory, we believe also that a correspordingly increased valué might be given to the Upper School, if the following shortcomings were remedied and improvements made:—

Organization. -As was pointed out last year, boys are admitted to the Upper School who are quite unfit for such high standing.

History and Geopaphy.--We can only repeat the recommendation made last year "It is highly desirable that a syllabus should be carefully thought out and "laid down so as to extend throughout the school without variation from year to "year."

Mathematics.--The Headmaster might be requested to report upon the ques- tion of changing the school curriculum in the ection suggested under paragraph 42 above.

The Chairman,

EDWARD A. IRVING, Inspector of Schools.

J. W. ORMISTON, Major, R.A.

S. B. C. ROSS.

THE GOVERNING BODY, QUEEN'S COLLEGE.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 19th March, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit for the information of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Governinent the following report on the work of the Registrar General's Department for the year 1903.

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

The revenue collected during the year amounted to $160,351.81, as against $136,888.13 collected in 1902, being an increase of $23.463.68. In Table I will be found a comparative statement of Revenue collected by this Department during the years 1902 and 1903 respectively.

The number of Chinese who were granted Certificates of Identity to enable them to enter the Philippine Islands increased from 43 in 1902 to 119 in 1903. The increase to the Revenue under the heading Certificates to Chinese entering Manila and the U.S.A. is $1,650.00. Market Revenue shows a further increase of $9,315.81. All markets with the exception of Taikoktsui share in the increase. The revenue from the Des Voeux Road Market which is situated in Des Vœux Road Central near Wing Shing Street and was opened in September was $1,824.16, but this revenue will not be maintained. There is very little demand for stalls and most of the original lessees have already surrendered their holdings. Fees under the Marriage Ordinance show an increase of $997.00 and under the regulations for Emigration Houses one of $1,350.00. The revenue from Hawkers' licences shows an increase of $8,722.00. In August the regulations governing the issue of Hawkers' licences were altered. Previous to that date the licence-fee which was $2.00 was paid quarterly. The fee has now been raised to $4.00 and is paid half- yearly. The number of licences issued during the last quarter of the year was 5,997 compared with 7,773 in the last quarter of 1902.

boats.

Table I (B.) shows the amount of revenue received from the various kinds of

The number of stalls, shops, etc., and revenue derived from the various markets is given in Table I (C.).

The expenditure during the year was $26,755.64 compared with $24,230.33 in 1902. The increase is due to various increases of salary to some of the members of the staff and to regular increments of salary to others.

Pó LEUNG KUK INCORPORATION ORDINANCE.

(No. 18 of 1893.)

WOMEN AND GIRLS PROTECTION ORDINANCE.

(No. 9 of 1897 and amending Ordinances Nos. 31 of 1899 and 14 of 1900.)

The report of the Pó Leung Kuk Society for the year 1903 has been forwarded to you separately. Table II (A.) gives a Return showing how the women and girls, who came under the protection of the Registrar General, were provided for during the year 1903. Table II (B.) gives a Return showing particulars regarding girls who are required to report themselves to the Registrar General. Table II (C.) gives a return showing the number of persons reported to the Pó Leung Kuk as missing and of those who have been reported as recovered, for the year 1903. There were seven cases in which eleven persons were charged under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinances. There has been a very large increase in the number of women and girls whom the Registrar General had reason to believe

356

required protection. 826 persons were admitted to the Pó Leung Kuk during the year compared with 617 in 1902. The disturbed state of parts of the Canton Province, the famine in Kwangsi and certain restrictions imposed on the boats at Canton are some of the causes to which this increase is due.

EMIGRATION.

(Chinese Emigration Ordinances, 1889 to 1901.)

Table III gives a return showing the number of female and male Emigrants under 16 years of age examined and passed at the Emigration Office and at the Registrar General's Office under The Chinese Emigration Consolidated Ordinance, 1889, as amended by the Chinese Emigration Amendment Ordinance, No. 37 of 1901.

One hundred and forty-four emigrants were detained for enquiries, and the usual arrangements were made for restoring to their friends and relatives those who were found to have been persuaded to emigrate under false pretences.

During the year 1903, six hotels and seven emigration houses (for men only) were licensed. At the end of the year there were 50 hotels and 16 emigration houses holding licences.

CHINESE POSTAL HONGS AND CHINESE POSTMEN.

(Government Notifications 273 and 274 of 1902.)

The number of Postal Hongs licensed during the year was 42, and of letter- carriers 99. The number of letter-carriers licensed in 1902 was 162.

CERTIFICATES OF IDENTITY TO CHINESE ENTERING THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, &c.

(Ordinances No. 13 of 1898 and No. 7 of 1900.)

The revenue derived from this source was $3,925 compared with $2,275 in 1902.

The number of certificates issued during the year was:-

To the United States,.

To the Hawaiian Islands,

To the Philippines,......

119

The number of certificates issued for the Philippines in 1902 was 43.

POPULATION.

The following is an estimate of the population of the Colony, exclusive of the New Territory, on the 30th June, 1903-

British and Foreign Community.

18,581

Chinese. 307,500

Total. 326,081.

The population of the New Territory, according to the census taken in 1901, was 102,254.

MARRIAGES.

(Ordinance No. 14 of 1875, as amended by Ordinances No. 14 of 1896

and No. 15 of 1902.)

The number of marriages solemnized during the year was 146 as compared with 120 in 1902.

BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

(Ordinance No. 16 of 1896, as amended by No. 20 of 1899.)

Table IV (4.) gives the number of Births and Deaths registered during the year. The death-rate at various ages and the causes of death will be found in Table IV (B.) and IV (C.).

BIRTHS.

The births registered during the year were as follows:-

Chinese, Non-Chinese,

Males.

Females.

Total.

521

228

749

150

135

285

671

343

1,034

357

This is equal to a general birth-rate of 3.17 per 1,000 as compared with 3.8 in 1902.

The birth-rate among the non-Chinese community alone was 15.2 per 1,000 as compared with 12.6 per 1,000 in 1902.

The nationalities of the non-Chinese parents were as follows:-British 118, Portuguese 75, Indian 38, Malay 13, German 11, Philippinos 11, French 5, Span- ish 3, Austrian, Japanese and Persian 2 each, and five other nationalities 1 each.

The number of the Chinese births registered does not give an accurate record of the total number of births of Chinese that have occurred in the Colony, for many of the infants that die during the first month or so of life remain unregistered. although their deaths must be registered to obtain the necessary burial orders. It has been customary, therefore, to add to the registered births the number of infants of one month old and under that die in the various Convents, or are found by the Police in the streets or in the harbour. The number during 1903 was 250 males and 276 females making a total of 530 and the addition of these figures to the registered Chinese births gives a total of 1,279 as compared with 1,569 during the previous year. The corrected birth-rate is, therefore, 4.7 per 1,000. while among the Chinese alone the rate becomes 4.2 per 1,000.

DEATHS.

The number of Deaths in the British and Foreign Community was 309, as compared with 352 in 1902. The number of deaths among the Chinese was 5,875 as compared with 6,431 in 1902. Four Europeans and 1,251 Chinese and other Asiatics died from plague.

The following table shows the number of deaths and the death-rate per 1,000 during the last ten years:-

Estimated Population.

British and Foreign.

Chinese.

Total.

1894,

10,782

235,224

246,006

1895,-

10,828.

237,670

248,498

1896,

12,709

226,710

239,419

1897,

13,700

235,010

248,710

1898,

15,190 ·

239,210

254,400

1899.

15,822

243,490

259,312

1900,

14,778

247,900

262,678

1901,....

20,096

280,564

300,660

1902..

18,524

293,300

311,824

1903,

18,581

307,050

325,631

Deaths.

1894,

.7,407

1895,

.5,400

1896,

.5,860

1897,

.4,688

1898,

.5,674

1899,

.6,181

1900,

..6,773

1901,

7,082

1902,

.6,783

1903.

6,185

Death-rate per 1,000.

British and Foreign..

Chinese.

Total.

1894.

23.28

30.42

30.11

1895,

17.64

21.92

21.73

1896,

19.91

24.75

24.48

1897.

14.89

19.08

18.85

1898,.

19.15

22.50

22.30

1899.

15.23

24.40

23.84

1900....

20.44

26.10

25.78

1901,..

20.50

23.77

23.55

1902,....

19.00

21.93

21.70

1003,

16.16

19.19

18.19

个

358

Three hundred and twenty-seven certificates were issued by the Police for the removal of dead bodies from the Colony, as compared with 695 in 1902.

EXHUMATION.

Eighty-two permits were issued to exhume human remains for removal to China or for re-burial in the Colony.

}

HOSPITAL DEATHS.

Table IV (D.) contains a return of the number of deaths in hospital. They amount to 1,486 or 24 per cent. of the total number of deaths registered during the year.

Table IV (E.) gives particulars regarding the Tung Wa Hospital. The number of patients under treatment during the year was 2,457 as compared with 2,730 in 1902. Of these, 1,569 were discharged and 889 died. The percentage of deaths compared with admissions during the year was 36.2. In 1902 the percentage was 45.34, and in 1901 24.40.

The number of out-patients during the year was :---

Males, Females,

Total,.....

.49,376

.23,467

.72.843

VACCINATION ORDINANCE. (No. 5 of 1890.)

The total number of vaccinations recorded during the year was 5,048 as com- pared with 6,475 in 1902. There were 19 prosections under this Ordinance during the year.

1902.

There were 60 cases of small-pox and 31 deaths during the year.

REGISTRATION OF BOOKS.

(Ordinance No. 10 of 1888.)

Eighty-four books were registered during the year, as compared with 36 in

(Ordinance No. 24 of 1901.)

No works were registered during the year.

REGISTRATION OF HOUSEHOLDERS.

(Ordinance No. 13 of 1888, Chap. III.)

Table V gives particulars regarding the issue of householders' certificates.

PERMITS.

(Ordinance No. 13 of 1888, Chap. V.)

The nature and number of permits issued during the year were as follows:-

To fire crackers,

To perform theatricals,

512

To hold processions,

To hold religious ceremonies,

Total,

...619

INTERPRETATION DEPARTMENT.

The Interpretation Department consists of 54 posts as described in General Order No. 39, amended on the 26th February. There are at present six student- interpreters attached to the office all appointed during the present year, two in February, one in June, two in July and one in September.

359

DISTRICT WATCHMEN.

A statement of revenue and expenditure for this fund during the year is given in Table VI (A.), and the state of the force on the 31st December, and other par- ticulars will be found in Table VI (B). 338 convictions were obtained before the Police Magistrate during the year through the instrumentality of District Watch- men. The contributions to the Fund for the year were $22,495.29 as compared with $17,461.69 in 1902, being an increase of $5,033.60.

This is due chiefly to the increased rate at which contributions are paid. The increase came into force in July, 1902.

The expenditure for the year was $17,540.37. Included in this sum are $3,000 a refund of a Government loan, $1,372.39 for uniform and equipment, $435.83 for loss on exchange. The balance to the credit of the Fund on the 31st December was $12,415.05.

The purchase of two houses at West Point for the use of a District Watchmen House has been approved by the Government, and the grant of a site at Wanchai for a District Watchmen House for the Eastern District has been recommended to the Secretary of State.

An increase was made to the pay of all ranks on the 1st January.

Ninety-three applications for the post of District Watchman were received during the year. The force now consists of 82 men, the satisfactory state of the finances having permitted of an inerease of 13 men.

On the day of his departure from the Colony, H. E. Sir HENRY BLAKE inspected the District Watchmen and was pleased to commend the Force for the assistance it rendered in maintaining peace and good order in the Colony.

CHINESE RECREATION Ground.

A statement of revenue and expenditure is given in Table VII. The total expenditure for the year was $508.27. The revenue obtained from the lease of shops, &c. was $1,359.82, compared with $1,257.02 in 1902. The balance to the credit of the Fund is $4,519.75.

CHARITABLE FUNDS.

Tables VIII and IX give a statement of account of two Funds administered by this Department.

TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

The new wing of the hospital in Taipingshan was opened on the 26th March. The Infectious Diseases Hospital at Kennedy Town was opened on the 6th June, but a laundry and some other out-biuldings are not completed owing to difficulties with the contractor. The work will be finished by next June. The financial posi- tion of the hospital is much more satisfactory than it was two years ago. An in- fluential Committee was appointed in 1902 to enquire into and report on the finan- ces of the hospital, and with its support it has been found possible to considerably increase the amount of subscriptions and the revenue from the hospital's property. Hitherto the only annual subscribers to the hospital have been the various guilds, but on the recommendation of the Finance Committee a new departure was made and individual subscriptions invited. In answer to the appeal 35 gentlemen have promised subscriptions of a hundred dollars a year and 10 of fifty. A welcome addition to the revenue of the hospital has been made by the Government grant of $6,000 a year.

Table IV (E.) gives a return of Patients under treatment and other statistics concerning the Tung Wa Hospital during the year 1903.

LEGISLATION.

The following are the Ordinances passed in 1903 which more particularly affect the Chinese and this office:

No. 1 of 1903.-The Public Health and Buildings Ordinance.

No. 5 of 1903.-The Stowaways Ordinance.

No. 6 of 1903.-The Foreign Marriage Ordinance.

No. 10 of 1903.-The New Territories Rent Recovery Ordinance.

No. 19 of 1903.-The Magistrates (Amendment) Ordinance.

No. 23 of 1903.-The Public Health and Buildings Amendment Ordinance.

360

Ordinances No. 1 and No. 23 are Ordinances to consolidate and amend the laws relating to Public Health and to Buildings, and naturally have excited the greatest interest in the Chinese community. Ordinance No. 6 gives effect to an Order in Council relating to the Marriages of British subjects in Foreign countries where one of the two parties has dwelt in a Colony.

Ordinance No. 10 provides a means of recovery of rent for landlords in the New Territory who have been granted titles under the New Territories Land Court Ordinance, 1900.

Ordinance No. 19 makes the harbouring of Chinese married women without reasonable excuse an offence punishable summarily.

STAFF.

I returned from leave on the 11th November, until which date Mr. MESSER acted as Registrar General. Mr. WOLFE acted as Assistant Registrar General from the 1st to the 21st of January, when Mr. CLEMENTI resumed his duties. Mr. FLET- CHER acted as Assistant Registrar General from the 10th November to the end of the year, during which time Mr. CLEMENTI was employed in the Land Court.

The Honourable

A. M. THOMSON,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

I have, &c.,

A. W. BREWIN,

Registrar General,

Table I.

(A.)—Comparative Statement of the Revenue receivel in the Rejistrar General's Departnent

during the Years 1902 and 1903, respectively.

Ordinance under which received.

Description.

Revenue in 1902.

Revenue iu 1903.

Decrease. Increase.

Ordinance 21 of 1887,

Ordinances 13 of 1898 and 7 of 1900,

Regulations under Ordinance No. 35

of 1899.

Ordinance No. 13 of 1888,

Ordinances No. 9 of 1867 and No.

21 of 1887,

Ordinance No. 16 of 1896,

Hawkers,

12,466.00

Chinese Undertakers,

200.00

21,188.00 360 00

8,722.00

Certificates to Chinese enter-

2,275.00

3,925.00

160.00

1,650.00

ing Manila and the U.S.A.,

Boats,

24,731.80

24,496.85

234.95

Householders,

Re-registration,

795.00 1,722.00

345.00

450.00

1,319.00

103.00

Removals,

Extracts,

30.00 25.00

26.50

3.50

21.75

3.25

...

Money Changers,

670.00

1,010.00

340.00

Births and Deaths,

Ordinance No. 15 of 1902,

Marriages,

506.90 1,404.00

498.10 2,401.00

8.80

Markets,

87,374.44

96,690.25

Ordinance No. 1 of 1933,

Market Licences,

1,111.00

1,352.32

997.00 9,315.81 241.32

Laundries,

1,150.00

1,120.00

30.00

Chinese Gazette,

Miscellaneous,....

Refunds, &c.,

46.00 116.99

39.00 1,581.04

7.00

1,464.05

Forfeitures,...

500.00

Regulations under Ordinance No.

Emigration Houses,

1,720.00

3,070.00

500.00

1,350.00

37 of 1901,

Regulations under Ordinance No. Chinese Postmen and Postal

544.00

408.00

136.00

24 of 1900,

Hongs,

Totals,.........

136,888.13

160,351.81 1,276.50 24,740.18

Deduct Decrease,

1,276.50

Total Increase in 1902,

.$ 23,463.68

351

(B.)—Fees from Boats.

Cargo boats, Lighters, Other boats,

Rowing boats,

$13,621.50 1,515.00

1,651.60

6,439.25

Water boats,

Fish-drying hulks,

640.00

417.50

Cinder boats, bumboats, and hawker boats,

212.00

Total,

.$24,496.85

(C.)—Revenue from the Markets, and the Number of Shops and Stalls Occupied and Unoccupied

at the end of 1903.

Revenue.

Sheps and Stalls. Occupied.

Unoccupied.

Markets.

Central,

Western,

Saiyingpun,

Wanchai,

Sokonpo,

Shaukiwan,

Shektongsui,

Yaumati,

Hunghom,

Taikokstui,

.$44,624.29

292

26,765.51

163

10,624.44

...

2,773.50

1,269.31

880.40

314.10

5,214.16

1,917.93

482.45

1,824.25

Total,

.$96,690.25

886

Des Voeux Road,.............

were provided for during the year 1903.

Table II.-(4.)

Return showing how Women and Girls who came under the Protection of the Registrar General

Permitted to leave, ....

Permitted to leave under bond,

Restored direct to parents or relations,.

Restored to husbands,.

Restored to guardians,

Restored to native place or otherwise disposed of through charitable

institutions in China,

Sent to school, Convent or Refuge,

Adopted,

Married,

Died,

Placed in charge of the Consul for Japan,

Total,

409

236

826

Table II.-(B.)

Return giving Particulars regarding Girls who are required to report themselves

to the Registrar General.

Required to report themselves quarterly,

Required to report themselves when married,

Married during the year,

Required to report themselves less than 4 times a year,.

Disappeared, bond forfeited,

Total,

362

Table II.

C.)

Return showing the Number of Persons reported to the Pó Leung Kuk as missing and of those who have been reported as recovered, for the year 1903.

DISAPPEARED IN HONGKONG.

Men,

Boys,

Women,

Girls

108

RECOVERED.

Men, Boys,

Women,

Girls,

DISAPPEARED IN CHINA.

Men, Boys,

Women,

-- 27

Girls,

Men.

Boys,

Men. Boys,

Men,

RECOVERED.

NN NN

Women,

Girls,

4 0

DISAPPEARED IN MACAO.

Women, Girl,

RECOVERED.

Women,

Table III.

Return showing the Number of Female Passengers and Boys examined and passed at the Emigration Office and before the Registrar General under “The Chinese

Emigration Consolidation Ordinance, 1889," as amended by

Ordinance No. 37 of 1901, during the year 1903.

An Officer from the Registrar General's Office was present at each Examination

before the Emigration Officer.

Whither bound.

Women & Girls.

Boys.

Total.

Honolulu,

Manzanilla,

Mauritius,

San Francisco, U.S.A.,

143

Straits Settlements,

9,651

2,363

12,014

Vancouver, B. C......................

Victoria and Tacoma,

Total,

9,792

2,530

12,322

DISTRICTS.

Table 1V. (A.)

RETURN OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE.

GRAND TOTAL.

BIRTHS.

DEATHS.

BIRTHS.

DEATHS.

BIRTHS. DEATHS.

Boys.

Girls.

Total. Males. Females.

Sex.

Unknown.

Sex

Total. Boys.

Girls.

· Total.

Males. Females. Unknown.

Total.

Kaulung,

Shaukiwán,

Aberdeen,

Victoria,

121

242

208

277

404

146

550

2,425 2,023

4,465

792

4,742

547

371

926

137

958

193

103

296

138

150

135

285

236

309

521

228

749

3,281 2,554

5,960 1,034

6,169

Stanley,

TOTAL,..

DEATHS.

BRITISH & FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

Europeans, exclusive of Portuguese,...112

Portuguese,

Indians, &c,

DEATHS IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.

ESTIMATED POPULATION.

Annual Birth-Rate Annual Death-Rate per 1,000.

per 1,000,

Males. Females.

Sex.

Unknown.

Total.

Of the Deaths in Victoria, there were in the-

British and Foreign Community, including Army and Navy,

18,581

15.2

16.6

Tung Wa Hospital,......

1,015

250

1,265

Italian Convent,

147

174

Chinese,

.307,050

2.4

19.7

144

Asile de la Ste. Enfance,.

297

317

614

Whole Population,

325,631

3.17

18.9

TOTAL,

1,339

714

2,053

TOTAL,

309

363

364

حيم

Table IV. (B.)

Return showing Death-Rates in Different Groups of Ages, for the year 1903.

Ages.

British and Foreign.

Chinese.

Deaths.

Per cent. of whole.

Deaths.

Per cent. of whole.

Under 1 month,

3.88

496

8.46

1 month and under 12 months,

5.50

538

9.18

1 year and under 5 years,

3.88

849

14.48

5 years and under 15 years,

3.88

478

8.15

15 years and under 25 years,

19.74

600

10.23

25 years and under 45 years,

112

36.23

1,540

26.27

45 years and under 60 years,

15.85

663

11.33

60 years and over,

Age unknown,

9.38

625

10.66

1.61

1.21

Total,.....................

309

100.00

5,860

100.00

Table IV. (D.) Hospital Deaths.

British and Foreign.

Chinese.

Total.

Government Civil Hospital,

Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals,

Royal Naval Hospital,..

Military Hospitals,

114

Peak Hospital,

Tung Wa Hospital,

Total,....

1,262

1,265

138

1,348

1,486

Male,

Female,

Table IV. (E.)

Return of the Number of Patients under Treatment and other Statistics concerning the Tung Wa Hospital,

during the year ended 31st December, 1903.

Dead

Patients

Remaining in Hospital on 31st Dec., 1902.

Ad- initted.

Total under Dis- treat- charged.

Remaining

Bodies

Deaths.

in Hospital Out-Pa-Vaccina-brought to

on 31st Dec.,

tients. tions. 1902.

Desti-

Hospital tutes sent Mortuary home.

ment.

for Burial.

115

2,112

2,227

1,379

743

105 49,376 812

284

869

345

359

190

146

23 23,467 875

104

Total,.

129 2,457 2,586

1,569

889

128

72,843 1,687

228

869

Table V.

Return relating to the Registration of Householders under Ordinance 13 of 1888, during the year 1903.

First Registration of Householders,.. Re-registration of Householders, Extract from Householders' Register, Removal of Householders, Duplicates of Householders' Certificates,

Total,

District Nos.

Total.

6 |

72 392

187

153 314

བ ོ

“27::

102

115 1,319

107

505

200 226 386 88

108

1,627

365

Table VI. (A.)

Statement of the Receipts and Expenditure relative to the Hongkong District Watchmen's Fund, for the year 1903.

RECEIPTS.

EXPENDITURE.

To Balance of previous year,

$7,281.93

Disbursements in

., Contributions by different Shops,

Districts Nos. 1 and 2.

22,495.29

Payments of Special Services,

48.50

Wages of Head District Watchman, Wages of Watchmen.

276.00

1.120 48

Wages of Cook,.

72.00

,, Interest,

Oil,

33.82

118.10

Rent of Station,

360.00

-$1,882.30

Fines,

11.60

District No. 3.

Annual Government Grant,

2,000.00

Wages of Head District Watchman,

284.00

Wages of Watchmen.

1.525.71

Wages of Cook,

72.00

Oil,

60.00

1,941.71

District No. 4.

Wages of Head District Watchman,

282.00

Wages of Watchmen,

1.392.55

Wages of Cook........

72.00

Oil,

60.00

1,806,55

District No. 5.

Wages of Head District Watchman,

284.00

Wages of Watchmen,

1,346.06

Wages of Cook,

72.00

Oil,

60.00

1,762.06

District No. 6.

Wages of Head District Watchman,. Wages of Watchmen,

282.00

1.491.71

Wages of Cook,

72.00

Oil,

60.00

1,905.71

Districts Nos. 7 and 8.

Wages of Head District Watchmau,

276.00

Wages of Watchmen,

1.006.35

Wages of Cook,

72.00

Oil,

49.02

Rent of Station.

287.70

1,691.07

Miscellaneous Expenses.

Collector's Wages,

Manager's Wages.

237.00

96.00

Chinese Writer's Wages,

60.00

Gratuities.

37.00

Uniform and Equipment, &c.,

1,372.00

Coolie and Conveyance Hire,

50.48

Loss on Exchange.

435.83

Stationery and Printing,

123.35

Premium on Fire Policies for Watch-

houses,

157.49

Blankets,

53.55

Iewards,

125,00

Refund of Government Loan.

5.000.00

Interest up to date of refund,

168.00

Architect's Fees,.

210.66

Water Service in District Watchmen's

Quarters. Tai Ping Shan.....

118.01

Repairing of Watchmen's, quarters.

138.01

Crown Rent for Inland Lot No. 1634 for

1903,

1.00

Boxes for District Watchmen....

29.60

Photographs of District Watchmen,

31.20

Disinfectants.

46.10

Sundries.

29.81

8,550.97

Total Expenditure,

Balance,

17,840.37

12.415.05

Total,...

Disposal of Balance :--

On Fixed Deposit,

.$31,955.42

At Current Account,

;

.$5,000.00 7,415.05

$12,415.05

Total,.............. ..$31,955.42

Dr.

366

Table VI. (1.)

State of District Watchmen Force on 31st December, 1903.

The Force consists at present of 82 men :

6 Head Watchmen at

6 Assistant Head Watchmen at

5 Watchmen at

19 Watchmen at

43 Watchmen at

1 Special District Watchman

I Watchman receives

3 Watchmen receive

5 Watchmen resigned.

20 were dismissed.

1 died.

32 entered the Force.

$276 a year.

$180

$144

$120

.$108

$144

$180

སྐ*

..$4.00 a month extra pay.

$2.00

$1.00

Table VII.

Statement of the Receipts and Expenditure relative to the Chinese Recreation Ground, for the Year 1903.

RECEIPTS.

To Balance, To Rent,

EXPENDITURE.

3,668.20 | By Wages of Collector, 1,359.82

Uniforms for Watchmen,

3 Watchmen,

Scavenger,

Oil,

Water used at the Cooking Stalls,

Premium on Fire Insurance Policy,

Balance,

$5,028.02

24.00

333.00

84.00

27.00

12.00

21.00

7.27

4,519.75

$5,028.02

367

Table VIII.

Statement of Account of Market Charitable Fund, 1903.

1903.

Jan. 1

To Balance on Fixed Deposit, $400.00

at Current Account,

74.68

Jan. 2 Feb. 17

By Alice Memorial Hospital,

Victoria Home and Orphanage,

50.00

25.00

in Collector's hands, 6.90

Pang Wa, 12 months' allowance,

36.00

481.58

Cheng Ma Shi,,,

60.00

***

Miscellaneous Receipts,

8.65

Chan Cheung,

24.00

Interest on Current Account,

4.92

Kwong Ho,

24.00

Fixed Deposit, 2 per

Chan Shap,

18.00

cent. for 144 days,

3.91

Mar. 3

3 Destitutes, $2 each,

6.00

April 6

1 Destitute's passage to Kwai Peng,

5.00

April 29 Aug. 12

Li Fat, a cripple,

2.53

Kwok Ming, destitute,.

2.00

Cheque Book,

0.93

Sundries,

0.25

Dec. 31

Balance at Current A/ct., $229.60

in Collector's hands,

15.78

245.38

Total,

499.09

Table IX.

Statement of Passagė Money Fund, 1903.

Total,

499.09

1903.

C. 1903.

Jan. 1

To Fixed Deposit,

2,000.00

By Passage money refunded,

2,497.75

Balance in Savings Bank,

1,010.30

Cash Balance,

115.65

June 30 Oct. 19 Dec. 31

Interest,

17.50

for 19 destitutes, Clothing and necessaries for 133

shipwrecked persons, ...

20.50

263.00

on Fixed Deposit,

80.00

Interest,

14.95

Gifts to 25 girls married from the

Pó Leung Kuk,

51.00

Passage money received,.

2,665.37 | Sept. 18

,, Telegram,

6.00

Dec. 22

Assistance of a woman in recover-

ing her son,

10.00

Dec. 31

Fixed Deposit,

$2,500,00

Current Account,

492.75

Cash Balance,

62.77

3,055.52

Total,

5,903.77

Total,

5,903.77

368

Table IV (C.)—RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS registeRED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

I.-General Diseases.

A-Specific Febrile Diseases.

Small-pox,

a Zymotic.

Measles,

Whooping Cough,

Diphtheria,

Fever Typho-malarial,

Typhoid, (Euteric),.

Simple Continued,

Cholera,

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

དྨེ:

7 20 22 14

6 1 2

52 162 16 110

6 9

6 17

64 52

98 129 196

...

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Diarrhoea,

Dysentery,

Bubonic Fever, (Plague),

Influenza,

Total,... 68

B Malarial.

63 193 41 134

93 118 159 209

Fever Intermittent,

Remittent,..

(Undefined,

39 Malarial,

Beri-beri,

Malarial Cachexia, Ague,

...

:: ེ

30 12 16 25 34 14 31

15 6 10 15 19 8 3 18 29 21 39 24 14 13

Total,...... 16

66 26 47 35 35 32

313

.46

4 46

y Septir.

Pyæmia,

Septicemia,

Erysipelas,

མ:

- 30

Puerperal Fever,

2 2

Puerperal Eclampsia,

Total,.....

2 3 1

& Venereal.

Syphilis (Acquired),

(Congenital),

30 00

Total,

Total Group, A................. 90 15

B.-Diseases dependent on Specific

External Agents,

a Poisons.

Alcoholic Poisoning,

Poisoning,.....

Opium Poisoning,

ཡ

Poisoning by Carbolic Acid,

Total,...... I

Carried forward, Group A.,... 90 15

Group B...

4 1 2

...

6 4

8 3

I-

3 4 1

34 1

99 276 75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232 34

: : ܝܝ

...

99 276

75 186 109 102 130 |182 210 (232

རྒྱས

369

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

Kow- SHAUKI- ABER-

STANLEY

LOON

WÁN

DEEN

DIS-

TRICT.

DIS-

TRICT.

under 12

45 years and

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

years.

5 years and

under 15

years.

Non-Chinese. 15 years and

Chinese.

under 25

years.

| Non-Chinese. 25 years and

Chinese.

under 45

years.

Chinese.

months.

Non-Chinese.

1 year and

under 5

Chinese.

Non-Chinese. I month and

Non-Chinese.

Under I

Chinese.

month.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

...

164 20

207

38 15 18 2

23726

55:

116 6 38 11

331

222332

I-

··

نم

...

30 ma

Age

Unknown.

| Chinese.

under 60

years.

Non-Chinese.

60 years

Chinese.

and over.

Non-Chinese.

...

Chinese.

GRAND

TOTAL.

443

154 1

1 39

...

123

...

207

9 25

3 18

10 2 26 2 95 2198 11252

...

19 2 52 3 174 3223 19266 29516 13 160

15441| 1...

8116

3 49...

1,249

...

4 76...

1,584

...

1 J

1 10...

4...

128 4 82

3223

4 29 152

204

387

...

1 39

601

9124

7810 599

...

687

ลง

...

-- ~

...

110

1 16...

5 77 4221

...

2...

...

1...

4288 30395 37849 20266|

577

...

4221

Pad

4288 30395 37849 20 266

97...

...

2,346

2401

2,346

370

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Brought forward, Group A.,... 90 15

Group B.....

General Diseases,—Continued.

B.-Effects of Injuries.

Concussion of Brain,

Rupture of Uterus,

of Femoral Artery,

of Spleen,

Sun Stroke,

Rupture of Kiduy,

•

...

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown,

Peak.

Harbour.

99 276

75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232

34 5 85

181

of Mesenteric Vessels,.

of Lung,

of Liver,

...

Obstruction of Bowel,

Shooting,

Hanging,

Wound of Heart, Multiple Injuries,

Retro Peritoneal Hemorrhage,

Abdominal Injuries,

Scalds,

Dislocation of Neck,

Strangulated Hernia,

Strangulation,

Injuries,

Strangulation of Bowel,

Injury to Chest,

Hæmorrhage,

Puncture Wound of Lungs,

Fracture of Skull,

of Leg,

of Pelvis,

Suffocation,

Stab of Heart,

Cut-throat,

Suicide by Hanging,

ย

...

by Shooting,

Burns,

Compression of Spinal Cord,

Injury to Spinal Cord,

Drowning,

Shock, following Injury,

Shock,

Starvation,

Heat Apoplexy,

...

Total,.....

4 3

13 1 14 5 8

11 4 3

γ Errors of Diet.

(Acute),

: 10:

Alcoholism (Chronic),..

Malnutrition,

Rupture of Stomach from Overfeeding,...

Total,.......

Total Group B.......

C.-Developmental Diseases.

Imperforate Auus,

Carried forward, (Developmental Diseases),

Curried forward, Groups A., B.

3 2

6 3 4 14

1 18 8

116 21

3 103 290

...

う

*உ

...

....

76 204 117 110 139 198 221 237 37 5 102

358

•

: :

Hand fo

...

руда

...

00 1

5 81

4230]

༣་

心

ير

22 19 70

4 24 23 73)

2 17

184

6296 34419 60922 22283

...

་

7102

2 35

2,530

DIS- LOON Kow-

WÁN SHACK!-

ABER-

STANLEY

Dis-

DIS- DEEN

DIS-

TRICT.

371

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,-Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

331

ང་

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

•

心

5 1

164

Non-Chinese.

Under 1

Chinesc.

month.

Non-Chinese. 1 month and

under 12

Chinese.

months.

Non-Chinese.

1 year and

under 5

Chinese.

Non-Chinese. | 5 years and

years.

}

•

under 15

years.

under 45

years,

Non-Chinese. 15 years and

Chinese.

under 25

years.

Non-Chinese. 25 years and

Chinese.

under 60

Non-Chinese. 45 years and

4221

4288 30

37849 20266

30 395 37849

Chinese.

years.

Non-Chinese.

60 years

Chinese.

and over.

| Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

2,346

Age

Unknown.

TOTAL.

GRAND

372

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

Brought forward, (Groups A & B),

General Diseases,— Continued.

C-Developmental Diseases,-Contd.

Brought forward,..

Tabes Mesenterica,

Atelectasis,

Immaturity at Birth,

Debility,

Old Age,

Marasmus and Atrophy,.

Anencephalus,

Inanition,

BRITISH

AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

116

5 Civil.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

VICTORIA.

IEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

3 103 290 76 204 117 110 139 198 221 237 37

5102

N⠀

4 200

Total Group C 11

11 222

80 12

D.-Miscellaneous Diseases.

Rheumatic Fever,

Articular Rheumatism,

Sarcoma of Orbit,

Sarcoma,

Scrofula,

General Tuberculosis,

Rickets,

Anæmia,

Leprosy,

Rheumatism,

Hæmophilia,..

Cancer of Oesophagus,

Cancer of Uterus,

Cancer,

18 15

24 7

2 108

12 5

}

Total Group D., 12

II.-Local Diseases.

E-The Nervous System.

Meningitis,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Abscess of Brain,

Apoplexy,

Paralysis (Undefined).

Paralysis (Spinal),

Hemiplegia,

Paraplegia,

Infantile Convulsions,.

Tetanus (Traumatic),

Trismus,

(Idiopathic),

Internal Hydrocephalus,

Epilepsy,

Mania,

Acute Peripheral Neuritis,

Eucephalitis,

Myeloplegia,

* :

3 109 28 14 5

4 7

...

N: NO

1264

Total Group E........ 25

1 405

F-The Circulatory System.

Heart Disease,

Aneurysm,

Carried forward, (The Circulatory System),

Carried forward, (Groups A to E), 164

3 1

...

~ :

F E

4 5

19 11 1

2 12

9 7 13 12 6 11

...

1 | 4

12 2

12 7 9 8 13 12 6 11

|118

1.026248 311 138 126 163 254 263 249

6 123

心心

1 X 1

مصر

- N

127

نان

قسم

188

Kow-

NOOT

SHAUKI- ABER-

WÁN

STANLEY

DEEN

DIS-

TRICT.

DIS-

TRICT.

373

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

• 00

CC.

358

1189

Land

Population.

Bont

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Non-Chinese.

Under 1

Chinese.

month.

200

106

...

33 32 22 21

18 8 3

8 120 210

113 1

3 34 120 2

...

1110

1 19

1 34 12 5 17 2

}

ગ

3313 6 71

3114 3 14

9 5 21 314

3 6... 1

590

心

7 44

عليكم

21 45

3.27

31...

...

1 1

147

...

479

67 130

33 12

3 11459 12381

...

3,278 47 2 45 3 27

$568 11355 39444 70973 27318 12359

12381 $568

39 144

27 318

2 47

151

4.096

心

เง

تب

,,-༦=༤༤ Úོ

145

288

230

13]

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

I month and

under 12

months.

1 year and under 5

years.

under 15

5 years and

years.

15 years and under 25

years.

25 years and under 45

yers.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

45 years and under 60

Chinese.

years.

Non-Chinesc.

Chinese.

and over. 60 years

Non-Chinese.

Age

81 4230 6296 34419 60922 22 283 7102 2 35

心

218

427

2242

746

204

Chinese.

2,530

Unknown.

GRAND

TOTAL.

CAUSES.

374

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy..

No. 1.

No. 2.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

Brought forward, (Groups A to E), ..164

Local Diseases,—Continued.

23 5 118 1,026 248 311

138 126 163 254 263 249 38 6 123

F.—The Circulatory System,—Contd.

Brought forward,.. 14

Pericarditis,

Endocarditis,

12 12

Aortic Disease,

Fatty Degeneration of Heart,

Heart Failure.

Anæmia. Syncope...

Syncope,

Total Group F........ 16 2

4 15

7 10

G.-The Respiratory System.

Bronchitis,

Pneumonia,

Phthisis.

Pleurisy,

92163

296

SRE

18 15

25 6

33 21

61 18

ناة

1261:

Empyema,

Asthma, Atelectasis,

Atelectasis,

Asthma,

Collapse of Lungs,

Emphysema,

Congestion of Lungs,

Acute Bullous Emphysema,

Gangrene of Lung,

Total Group G,

169 37

46 | 60 | 88 |116

40 32

II--The Digestive System.

Noma,

Gastritis,

Enteritis,

Appendicitis,

Peritonitis,

Sprue.

Hernia,

Intestinal Obstruction,

Hepatitis.

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Abscess of Liver,

Jaundice,

Necrosis and Jaw Abscess,

Intussusception,

Icterus Neonatorumi,

Carcinoma Ventrienli,

Tubercular Diarrhoea,

Strangulation of Intestine,

Carcinoma of Gall Bladder,

Strangulated Hernin,

Catarrhal Jaundice,

Coral Abscess,

Tubercular Enteritis,

Cancer of Liver,

Tonsillitis,

Hepatic Abscess,

Abscess of Stomach,

Total Group I, 22

ง

心

Carried forward, (Groups A to II )

....... 250

9165 1,219 297

428 217 182 233 365 394 298

298 82

6 221

ལ་དག་

- 375

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Kow- SHÁUKI- ABER-

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

GRAND

TOTAL.

479 67

130 55

333

11 459 12381 8568 11355 39444 70973 27318| 12|359

2 27

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

STANLEY

LOON DIS-

·TRICT.

WÁN Dis-

TRICT.

DEEN

Dis-

DIS-

TRICT.

Under F

month.

month and

under 12

months.

1 year and under 5

years.

under 15

5 years and

years.

15 yearsand under 25

years.

25 years and under 45

years.

45 years and

09 Jepun

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

years.

and over.

60 years

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Age

Unknown.

24 2 2

心.

28 2

12390

:、:: :

...

220

—

...

تن

4,096

2: 45 3 27

151

–

4 32

178

8 53

350

...

4...

band

2 64

2 43

...

19 19

196

3126

436

4 41

2 14 267

297

8306

3144

3177

634

3...

1 44 1 20 2110

:70 36 30 20 15

3 1 18 4110 3162

: །

...

་c

754 149 206

...

•

...

•

95 18414

65 12 95 18414 7258)

་་་

...

•

心

...

8212

•

།

تن بر

1,397

:::

་་

心

ON∞ = 3 2 4 AAN-d

•

...

115

13 I

5 10 21

102

6 13479 18503 12747 18430] 57555|106

1,461 43635 25610

5 56

5,773

...

376

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CAUSES.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Brought forward, (Groups A to H.) ... 250

Local Diseases,-Continued.

J.--The Urinary System.

Nephritis (Acute),

Bright's Disease,

Tumour of Kidney,.

Stricture of Urethra,

Calculus,

Vesical Calculus,..........

Total Group J.,.

L-Affections connected with Pregnancy.

Placenta Prævia,

Total Group L.,.

M.-Affections connected with

Parturition.

Obstructive Labour,

Post Partum Haemorrhage,...

Milk Fever,

Child-birth,

Total Group M.,... 1

N-The Skin.

Pemphigus,

Phlegmon,

Ulcer,

Total Group N........

0.-Diseases of Organs of Locomotion.

Gangrene of Leg,

Total Group O.,

III.—Undefined.

Dropsy,

Tumour,

Abscess,

Tumour of Brain,..

Gangrene,

Undiagnosed,

No. 1.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

82 9 165 1,219 297 423 217 182 233 365 394 1298

2 1 5

6 221

10 6

Total Group III.,...

1 62

22 9 6

10 6 S 14 2

TOTAL, ALL CAUSES,....

1268 33 9 228 1.245312 437 226 191 244 377 406 312

7 266

}

106

110

874 162 217

نت

سرت

心

2 2

754 149 206

.92

...

377

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,-Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Kow- SHÁUKI- APER-

STANLEY

LOON

DIS-

WÁN Dis-

DEEN

DIS-

TRICT.

DIS-

TRICT.

Under 1

month.

1 month and]

under 12

mouths.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Non-Chinese. Population.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

1 year and

under 5

years.

under 15

5 years and

years.

under 25

years.

15 years and

25 years and

under 45

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Nou-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese. 45 years and

under 60

Chinese.

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

and over. 60 years

Non-Chinesc.

Age

心

السحر

...

Jan 10

心

...

Unknown.

6 13479 18 508 12747 13.430] 67:555106 1,461 43635 25610 5 56

5,773

1 | 3

20...

...

|29 |1

314

29... 10

3 68

2 16...

7 1 17

335

97 96

30 613 499 18540 12850 13478 59:5991131,53 48661 28 622

28,622

6 73

6.185

...

INN

...

1221

...

4.10

3 9 3 5

Chinese.

GRAND

TOTAL.

CAUSES.

378

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DIstrict.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

SUMMARY.

I.-General Diseases.

A.-Specific Febrile Diseases,

B.-Diseases dependent on Specific Ex-

ternal Agents,

99 276 75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232 34

26 ·G.

(A to B), 116 21

3 03 290

1 18 8 8

C-Developmental Diseases,............... 11

11 222

90 80 12 8 12

76 204 117 110 139 198 221 237

23 24

5 102

D-Miscellaneous Diseases,.

(A to C),...... 127 21

.D. 12 1

3 14 612 166 284 129 118 151

221 245 244 38

5 116

3 109

28 14

14 7 4

II.-Local Diseases.

Affections connected with Preg-

nancy,

M.-Affections connected with Partu-

rition,

(A to _M),.............. 262

N-The Skin,

tion.

0.-Diseases of the Organs of Locomo-

E-The Nervous System, F.—The Circulatory System,

E, 25 F, 16 2

1 405 54 13 4

8 15 4 15

(A to F),......180

6 126 1,041 252 326 145 136 171 269 276 258

G.-The Respiratory System,

II.-The Digestive System,.

10 Co

เง

J-The Urinary System,

.),

x +

10 x

اعسم

6 135

37 169 37 93 70 46 60 88 116

2 8 2

ཡ

6 3 2

16:

33 9166 1,224 301 430 221 184 234

370 398 298

6 222

III.-Undefined & Undiagnosed,..............III,

62 22

9 6

6 8 14

TOTAL, ALL CAUSES,...... 268 33 9228 1.245312 437 226 191 244 377 406 312 87

7 266

379

DURING THE YEAR THE ENDED THE 31st DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Kow- SHAUKI ABER-

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Laud

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population,

Boat

Population.

Non-Chinesc.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinesc.

Chinese.

LOON DIS-

TRICT.

WAN Dis-

DEEN DIS-

STANLEY Dis-

TRICT.

Under 1

month.

1 month

and under

12 months.

1 year and

under ō

years.

Non-Chinese. 5 years and

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

under 15

years.

under 25

y ars.

15 years and

Non-Chinese. 25 years and

Chinese.

under 45

years.

Non-Chinese. 45 years and

Chinese.

under 60

years.

8331

358

∞0

26 37

32 85 26 37 9

238

32 22

452

65 117 48

21 18

581 27

1 1

1212

Non-Chinese.

60 years

and over.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Age

Unknown.

Chinese.

GRAND

TOTAL.

19)

4221 4288 30395| 37849 20 266}

4 24 23 73

22 5 81 4230

4230 6296 34419 60922 22283)

5 97

29 2,346

រ

184

102 235 (2,530)

60922

11.

13 12 2242 10

746

3 8120 210 113

8142 5291 4343 7307 34423 60935 22295 9344 245 (3,276)

1. 19

134 4 12 5 17 2

230

281

507

69 132

55 62 33

220. 75 70

361 30 20 15

1 18

4110

1 1

4. 1

....

3 11460 13383] 8572 11360 41455 78 1.026 30368 16391)

3162 165 12 95 18 414 115 1 13 1 5 4. 510-21 4 4 10

3313 6 71) 3114 1 2

3 14

5 21

350 4 32

590 178

3 48 (4,274)

7258 8212 6 9

1 8 1,397

102

762 152 209

97 94

110

874 162 217: 97 96 55 30

6, 13479 18508 12749 18439 59565110 1,483 46645 28615

5 56 (5,843)

[103]

:68 2 16

335

13499] 18540 12350] 13478 595991131,553 48651}

18540

5651 25622

6 73

6,185

The Government Civil Hospitals.

Tung Wa Hcspital-Continued.

380

RETURN OF DEATHS THAT OCCURRED IN THE UNDERMENTIONED INSTITUTIONS. During the Year ended 31st December, 1903.

The Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals.-

Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

(Continued.) Causes.

No.

Plague,

Typhoid,

Cholera,

Diphtheria,

Dysentery,

Brought forward, 701

Brought forward,

Bright's Disease,

Heart Disease,

Asthma,

Hæmophilia.

Teturns,

Convulsions,

Measles,

Bright's Disease,

Tetamus,

Hemiplegia,

Phthisis,....

Malignant Endocarditis,

Compression of Spinal Caord,.

Total,

Undiagnosed,

Tuberculosis,

Septicemia,

Liver Abscess.

Erysipelas,

Wounds,

Pericarditis,

Fracture of Skull,

Peritonitis,

22-2

The Italian Convent.

Causes.

Injuries,

Fatty Degeneration of Heart,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Bright's Disease,

Fracture of Skull,

Convulsions,

Acute Yellow Atrophy,

Tuberculosis,

Concussion of Brain,.

Heart Disease,

Injury to Spinal Caord,

Diarrhoea,

Pneumonia,

Plague,

129

Meningitis,

Malaria,

Rheumatism,

Pneumonia,

No.

Endocarditis,

Puncture Wound of Lungs,

Trismus,

Rupture of Spleen,

Emphysena.....

Paralysis.

Anæmia,

Hemiplegia,

Syphilis,

Paralysis,

Aente Bullons Emphysema,......

Tuberculosis.

Meningitis,

Scalds,

Pemphigus,

113

Beri-beri,

Buru,

Dropsy,

Peritonitis,

Malarial Cachexia,

Phthisis,

Cerebral Homarrhage,

Convulsions,

Enteritis,

Broncho Pneumonia,

Meningitis,.

Icterus Neonatorum,

Marasmus,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Tetanus,

Septicæmia,

Fracture of Pelvis,

Bronchitis,

Opium Poisoning,

Puerperal Fever,..

Catarrhal Jaundice,

Diarrhoea,

Rupture of Mesenteric Vessels,

Bright's Disease,

Acute Peripheral Neuritis,

Paraplegia,

Cancrum Oris,

Puerperal Eclampsia,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Pemphigus,

Alcoholism,

Tonsillitis,

Inauition,

Enteritis,

Epilepsy,...

Vesical Calculus,

Liver Abscess,

Total,....

177

Rupture of Urethra,

}

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Cirrhosis of Liver,..

Gangrene of Lung,

Mania,.....

Rupture of Spleen,

L'Asile De La Ste. Enf.nce.

Malignant Disease,

Bronchitis,

Total

917

Causes.

No.

Strangulated Hernia,.

Diarrhoea,

Ch. Interstitial Nephritis,

Marasmus aud Atrophy,

174

Tubercular Diarhoa,..

Empyema,

The Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals.

Tuberculosis,

Noma,

Fracture of Thigh (compound),.

Concussion,

Purpura Hæmorrhagica,

Causes.

No.

Tetanus,

272

Necrosis of Jaw,

Typhoid Fever,

Pneumonia,

Debility,...

Beri-beri,

Bright's Disease,

Premature Birth,

Rheumatism,

Small-pox,

Spinal Meningitis,.

Phthisis,..

Syncope,..

Dementia,

Carbuncle,

Inanition,

Erysipelas,

Traumatic Tetanus,

Pleurisy,

Nephritis,

Convulsions,

Total,

158

Vesical Calculus Hemorrhage,

Beri-beri,

Gangrene of Leg,

Bronchitis,

Stricture of Urethra,

Meningitis,

The Tung Wa Hospital.

Vesical Calculus (Nephritis),.

}

Malarial Fever,

Causes.

No.

Injury of Perineum (Tetanus),

Epilepsy,

Pneumonia,

Phthisis,

Bronchitis,

Heart Disease,

Diphtheria,..

Scald,

Plague,

224

Compound Fracture of Leg

Heart Disease,

Shock,..

Syphilis,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Trismus,

Sarcoma of Orbit,

Splenic Fracture,

Diarrhoea,

Tuberculosis,

Icterns Neonatorum,

Dysentery,

Malarial Fever,

Beri-beri,

Apoplexy,

Syphilis,

Concussion of Brain,

Debility,.

Ovarian Tumour,

Dysentery,

Pneumonia,...

Old Age,

162

Cancer of Esophagus,

Myeloplegia,

Cancer of Uterus,

Shock.

Dysentery,

Septicemia,

Malarial Fever,

Phthisis,.

Imperforate Anus,

Cancer of Liver,

Carried forward, 701

Carried forward, 38

Carried forward, 781

طير

}

L'Asile de la Ste. Enfance.

381

RETURN OF DEATHS,-Continued.

Mortuary.

(Continued.) Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

Brought forward, 784

Phthisis,..

Causes.

Enteritis,

Pneumonia,

Mortuary.

(Continued.)

No.

Brought forward, 318

Convulsions,

Apoplexy,

Puerperal Fever,

•

Cholera,

Beri-beri,

Undiagnosed,

Pleurisy and Pneumonia,

Malarial Fever,

Hæmorrhage,

Undiagnosed,

Diarrhoea.

Scalds,

་བ་

Heart Disease,

Syphilis,

Total,.......

790

Plague,

Convulsions,

Asthma,

Small-pox,

Bronchitis,

Septicemia,

Tetamus,

Debility,

Fracture of Skull,

Tuberculosis,

Carried forward, 318

Dysentery,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Post Partum Hæmorrhage, Auremia,

Premature Birth,

Debility,

Toral,......

348

Registrar General's Office, Hongkong, 12th February, 1904.

A. W. BREWN,

Registrar General,

No.

1904

HONGKONG.

REPORTS OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, THE SANITARY SURVEYOR, AND THE COLONIAL VETERINARY SURGEON, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

SANITARY BOARD OFFICES,

HONGKONG, March 20th, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit, for the information of the President and Members of the Sanitary Board, the following report on the Health of the Colony during the year 1903.

The geographical situation of the Colony just within the northern tropic (N. 22° 5′) and its relation to the mainland of the southern part of the Chinese Empire, the annual cycle of meteorological phenomena, the configuration of the island of Hongkong and its geological formation, all combine to pro-luce a state of things which, summed up under the word Climate, must have directly and in- directly a great though perhaps a not easily perceptible effect on the health of the inhabitants.

Although Hongkong is an island, yet its proximity to the mainland modifies the solar climate considerably. The range of temperature throughout the year is considerable, yet it is not so great as is found to be the case in places not very far inland in the Kwang Tung Province. The effect of the ocean is seen in that the highest monthly mean was only 82 F, while the effect of the proximity of the main- land of South China is felt in the comparatively low temperatures in the first two months of the year, when the mean temperatures were 58:3 and 58′4 respec- tively. The highest rise of the thermometer therefore in the hot season is sinall when compared with that which occurs in Calcutta, which is in about the same latitude, and the cool bright days of the cold season are, considering the low latitude of the Colony, a wonderful advantage from a climatic point of view.

There is no doubt however that the condition of the atmosphere in the City of Victoria is, during the summer months, very depressing. This is due to a great extent to the high percentage of moisture in the air at the same time when the temperature is high. But there are, in my opinion, other factors to be considered. The position of the City of Victoria on the northern side of the Island and at the foot of high hills cuts it off to a great extent from the influence of the prevailing winds of the hot season, aud moreover the crowding together of the houses owing to the steepness of the site of the City and the lack of room for expansion, the resulting narrow streets, high buildings and the heavy verandahs to the houses, all tend to produce a condition of stagnation in the atmosphere of the City during the time when free ventilation is most desirable.

But apart from this it is easy to see how this soil may play its part as a factor in the sanitary condition of the Colony.

300

As a consequence the soil below the ground floor of houses and frequently the basements of houses themselves are more or less damp.

TEMPERATURE.

WIND.

MONTH.

HUMIDITY. SUNSHINE, RAINFALL.

Max. Min.

Mean.

Direction.

Force.

January,

54.2

58:3

107-3

1:370

ENE

11.8

February,

62.7

55.1

584

77.2

*210

E by N

12.6

March,

70·1

63.0

66.3

64.3

2.655

15.0

April,..

76.8

68.7

72.4

86.6

4.725

E by S

13.2

May,

79.5

72.2

75.4

82.5

13.960

E by S

13.8

June,

86.4

78.5

82.0

151-6 25.230

SSW

11.7

July,

86.2

78.1

81.7

208-1

11.160

E by S

11.4

August,

85.8

77.1

80.9

157-5

14:970

SSW

8.7

September,

82.9

75.8

78.6

165-7

16.535

13.0

October,...

81.5

72.2

76.1

173.9

1-660

NE by N

13.9

November,

73.8

62.1

67-2

209.2

1·099

NĚ

9-6

December,

66.9

56.0

61.1

222.3

*085

NE by N

12:0

The month of June shews the highest mean toonthly temperature while the greatest height of the thermometer was reached at 92.4 F. on July 31st.

The lowest mean monthly temperature is that for January 58 3. but the low- est daily mean is that for Febrary 2nd when a temperature of 46.0 was recorded,

The lowest temperature recorded by the minimum thermometer was 41.9 on February 3rd.

In my report on the epidemic of plague during 1903 I have discussed at some length the possible relationship of the epidemic to the meteorological data.

I should like however here again to draw attention to the very great differ- ence between the record for December, 1902, and that for December, 1903.

It is perhaps best shewn in the form of a table :-

Month.

Relative Mean Temp. Humidity.

WIND.

Sunshine. Rainfall.

Direction. Force.

Dec., 1902. 64.6

75%

Dec., 1903, 611

56 %

71.9 222-3

2.965

*085

ENE NE by E 12:0

11.2

འ་

301

The month of November in 1902 and 1903 too compare somewhat similarly as here shewn.

Month.

Nov., 1902,

Nov., 1903,

Temperature.

Relative Humidity.

Sunshine.

Rain.

715 67.2

74% 62%

150.8

5:400

209-2

1.099

It is seen therefore that the weather during the last two months of 1993 has been cooler, dryer and brighter than in the corresponding months of 1902.

As it is undoubtedly a matter of common observation that the state of the weather bears some relation to the seasonal recurrence of plague, I have compiled the following table showing the mean temperature and relative humidity and the total hours of sunshine and inches of rainfall, together with the total cases of plague for each of the months November to February inclusive, which are those in which as experience shows the annual plague epidemics begin. With the exception of the years 1895 and 1897, it will be noticed that as a general rule the brighter, dryer and cooler these months are the less are the numbers of the plague cases at the beginning of the several epidemics.

I also give here for convenient reference a table showing the cases of plague which occurred each month from 1895 to 1903 inclusive.

1895 EPIDEMIC,-44 Cases.

Month. Plague Cases. Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1894,

70·0

226·0

0:030

December,

62.4

1510

0.755

... 55

January,.....1895,

56.5

151.2

0:410

February,

60-2

73.6

0-835

Mean or Total,

62-2

69.5

601-8

2.030

Month.

1896 EPIDEMIC.-1.204 ('ases.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity.

Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ... 1895,

67.6

185.7

0:325

December,

63.2

117.2

0.200

January,... .1896,

62.0

133.8

1.730

February,

125

56.0

16.3

7.945

Mean or Total, .

191

62.2

71.7

453.0

10.200

1897 EPIDEMIC, -21 Cases.

Month.

November, ...1896,

December, ..

January,... .1897.

February,

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

71.7

62.2

63.1

54.2

2988

134.0

2.975

157·0

1.290

90-7

2:260

47.4

1.820

Mean or Total, ...

62.8

75-2

439.1

8.345

302

1898 EPIDEMIC,-1,320 Cases.

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1897,

69.8

176.1

7.320

December,

60.6

146.8

0.480

...

January,.. 1898,

60-1

175.8

1.160

February,

62.7

105.4

2.520

Mean or Total, .......

63.3

604·1

11.480

1899 EPIDEMIC,--1,486 Cases.

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1898,

69.4

171.1

0.790

December, ...

62.1

254'4

0.025

January.......1899,

59.0

198.6

0.185

December,

59.6

136.4

2:205

...

Mean or Total, .......

62.5

61.5

760-5

3.205

1900 EPIDEMIC,-1,087 Cases.

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1899,

67.8

153.4

1.640

December,

66.2

172.9

1.790

...

January,. .1900,

55.6

120.5

0.770

56.9

48.1

2.640

February,

Mean or Total,...

61.6

72.7

494.9

6.840

1901 EPIDEMIC,-1,651 Cases.

Month.

Cases.

Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1900,

68.8

143.2

5.785

December,

64·4

211.2

0.155

ནཱ

January,.....1901,

64.9

94.3

0.685

February,

584

98.6

0.765

Mean or Total,...

64.1

66.2

547:3

7.390

Month.

1902 EPIDEMIC,--572 Cases.

Cases. Temperature. Humidity. Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1901,

69.5

227-7

0.770

December,

61.6

176.3

0.835

...

January,..

.1902,

63.1

238.8

0.285

February,

59.5

200·0

0.020

Mean or Total,..."

63.4

64.2

842.8

1.910

Month.

Cases.

303

1903 EPIDEMIC,—1,415 Cases.

Temperature. Humidity.

Sunshine.

Rain.

November, ...1902,

71.5

150.8

5.400

December,

646

71.9

2.965

January,.

1903,

583

107.3

1.370

February,

584

77.2

0.210

Mean or Total,...

63-2

72.2

407.2

9.945

Table Shewing the Number of Cases of Plague known to have occurred in the Colony for cach Moth from 1895 to 1903.

YEAR.

MONTH.

1895. 1896, 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902.

1903.

January,

February.

125

March,

168

137

115

April,.

316

468

101

160

272

May..

344

534

421

326

701

157

515

June.

113

514

325

551

194

343

July,

263

209 109

131

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

ลง

44 1,204 21 1,320 1,486| 1,087 1,651 572

RAINFALL AND WATER SUPPLY.

1,415

The rainfall for the year amounted to 93.659 inches being 3.841 inches less than in 1902 and 7-539 inches more than the average rainfall for the last twenty years.

The annual scarcity of water is a matter of the greatest hygienic importance inasmuch as the people are frequently driven to obtain water from most unde- sirable sources. Were the system of water service designed ab initio for an inter- mittent supply careful supervision could eliminate many dangers, but unfortunately we have in Hongkong that most dangerous combination-a system designed for constant service with an intermittent supply during several months of each year. I have before, in a report on cholera at the Tung Wah Hospital in 1902, pointed the dangers of the ball valves in the street hydrants, and how they may be the means of entrance of specific infective material, and should unfortunately a water borne disease, e.g., cholera, break out in the City during our time of intermittent supply there would be many chances of the disease assuming epidemic proportions. The quality of the water as shewn by chemical analysis throughout the year has been constant and good. The result of twelve analyses shew an average analysis as follows:-

[These Tables are compiled from Monthly Reports to the Board by the Government Analyst.]

KOWLOON SERVICE.

Results expressed in grains per gallon.

Appearance in 24 inch tube,

.Clear and bright.

Total solid matter dried at 212° F.,

3.65

Chlorine in chlorides,

4.75

Hardness in "degrees,"

Ammonia,

absent.

Albumenoid Ammonia,

.0003

Oxygen al sorbed in 4 hours at about 80° F.

.009

Nitrites,

Nitrogen in Nitrites and Nitrates,

Sugar test for the detection of sewage,

Poisonous metals,

* On four occasions slightly opalescent.

.014

absent.

negative.

absent.

304

TYTAM SERVICE.

Results in grains per gallon.

Appearance in 24 inch tube,..

Clear and bright.

Total solid matter dried at 212° F.,

3.40

Chlorine in Chlorides,

5.50

Hardness in degrees,"

Ammonia,

.0002

Albumenoid Ammonia..

Oxygen absorbed in 4 hours at about 80° F.,....

Nitrogen in Nitrites and Nitrates,

Nitrites,

Sugar test for detection of sewage, Poisonous metals,

.0008

.012

.007

....

absent.

negative.

absent.

POKFULUM SERVICE.

Results in grains per gallon.

Appearance in 24 inch tube,

Clean and bright

or slightly opalescent equally.

Total solid matter dried at 212° F.,

4.7

Chlorine in Chlorides,

Hardness in "degrees,"

Ammonia,

.0001

Albumenoid Ammonia,.

.001

Oxygen absorbed in 4 hours at about 80° F. Nitrogen in Nitrites and Nitrates,

.016

.017

Nitrites,

Sugar test for the detection of sewage,. Poisonous metals,

absent. negative. absent.

GENERAL SANITARY CONDITION OF THE CITY.

This has resulted in the present insanitary condition of the houses of the working classes of Chinese.

It should not be difficult to model some scheme to effect this in Hongkong taking into consideration the local conditions and adapting the scheme to the place.

This I fear cannot be effected merely by the re-building of houses one by one on their old sites but only by concerted action.

* On four occasions slightly opalescent.

305

GENERAL CLEANSING OF THE CITY.

On November 10th there was begun a general cleansing of the buildings throughout the City of Victoria and Kowloon. The scheme was as follows:-The Sanitary Inspectors of the Plague Staff were to have served on each separately let floor a notice requiring the tenants to cleanse the floor on the third day from the date of service. Failure to comply with the notice would result in the floor being cleansed by the coolies employed by the Board.

That such a general cleansing is really required is shown by the great quan- tily of domestic rubbish daily carted away from the houses being cleansed.

It has been estimated that about 30 tons of rubbish has been removed daily in this way since the cleansing began.

PUBLIC SANITARY CONVENIENCES.

Two more public latrines, one new bath-house and three urinals are shortly to be erected and there is no doubt that they are urgently needed.

OPEN SPACES.

benefit.

306

POPULATION.

The estimated Population of the Colony excluding the Army and Navy (excluding the New Territory) to the middle of 1903 is as follows :--

British and Foreign Community.

The whole Colony, Civil Population,..

Victoria Registration District.-Land Population,

10,080

Chinese Community.

.186,890

V. Harbour

33,930

Kaulung Shaukiwan

Land

58.220

Land

10,105

་་

Boat

6,300

དཱ་

Aberdeen

Land

3.720

.།

Boat

6.000

Stanley

་

The whole Colony

Land

885

Boat

1,000

Land

.259,820

Boat

47,230

The whole Colony.

Land and Boat Population,...307,050

British Foreign & Chinese

Community: excluding 317.130 Army and Navy,.........

This shews an increase of 14,014 over the estimate for 1902. This increase can be divided into the classes :-

1. Increase in British and Foreign Community.

2. Chinese Community increase in Victoria Registration District,4,090

264

Kowloon, Regn. District, ...6,(

,660

་་

Floating Population,

2.475

१

Villages of Hongkong, .

525

Total,......

.14,014

Army. The total strength of the troops in the Hongkong Command on June 30th, 1903, was 4,100, made up as follows:

British troops.-Officers 73, British Non-Commissioned officers and men

1,238, British women 77, and British children 126.

Native troops.---British officers 18, native officers 45, Non-Commissioned

officers and men 2,485, native women 15, native children 21.

The total population of the Colony including Army and Navy was therefore 325,631 made up as follows :-

Civil population, Non-Chinese,.. Chinese population,

Navy, Army,..

....

•

Total,...

10,080

.307,050

4,401

4,100

..325,631

The total population, comprising Europeans, Americans and Portuguese, is for 1903 12,771, as compared with 12,105 in 1902.

The white population amongst the Army and Navy is 5,933 for 1903, as against 6,063 in 1902.

This difference and the fact that the Portuguese element has tended to decease of late years accounts for the apparent decease of the resident white population of the Colony and the stallness of the real increase which appears when the fact that there are less naval and military forces is taken into account.

307

The number of Indian troops including women and children in the Colony at the end of June, 1903, was 2,566.

The following is a statement of the number of licensed boats belonging to the Colony :-

Victoria trading junks,

fishing

Hunghom

Sam-shui-po,,

Shaukiwan

Aberdeen

Stanley

772

936

.1,122

1,222

.2,080

394

6,614

New Territory:-

Cheung Chan fishing junks,

1,622

Tai O,.

...

740

Tai Po

Deep Bay,

Sai Kung,

Sampans,

1,343

.1,428

1,074

6,207

2,424

Lighters,

Cargo boats,

Other boats,

..2,005

362

4,844

.17,665

Grand Total,....

It is however highly probable that the population of the City of Victoria is under-estimated and that therefore the overcrowding is much more intense than these tables show.

The houses in this block are smaller than the average Chinese houses in the City and yet the corresponding figures for No 9 Health District are only 23′5 per house and 8-9 per floor for 1903.

City of Victoria

Health Districts.

308

Table I.

Dwellings.

One storey

Dwellings.

Two storey

Dwellings.

Three storey

Dwellings.

Four storey

Dwellings.

Five storey

Total Dwellings.

Total Floors.

Average Num- ber of Floors per Dwelling.

No. of Persons per House.

No. of Persons per Floor.

268

545

248

1,094

2,234

2.04 11.7 5.7.

13 354

556

1,003

2,709

2.7

24.6

9.1

2.7

...

576

352

1,011

3,311

3.2

24.9

7.6

132

515

263

956

3,193

3.1

24.7

7.4

395

338

42 877

2,900 3.3

23.0

6.9

445

373

897

3,040

3.4

16.2

4.8

616

275

983

3,135

3.1

20.4 6.4

16 466

478 98

1,058

2,774 2.6

31 334 342

736

23.5 8.9 1,841 2.8 19.0 7.6

Total & Averages,

410 2,083 4,190 1,841 1208,642

25,210

2.8 21.6 7.4

In No. 3 Health District the majority of the Chinese live in houses not classed as Chinese dwellings.

Table II.

Non-

Chinese

Health Districts.

Built over Total Area (in- Chinese Acreage. cluding Houses.

Non-

Chinese Chinese Houses.

Population

Persons per

Population.

(Approxi-

acre on

Built-over

Streets.

mate) including

Areas.

Troops.

531

131

1,094

154

12,810

1,396

108

243

139

1,003

24,700

2,230

198

164

134

555

6,490

3,020

1,011

157

25,200

1.260

508

956

23,650

260

848

877

20,200

750

897

14,600

473

983

20,100

437

1,058

24,900

160

569

252

105

736

14,050

560

139

Total,

1,434

736 8,642

1,057

186,700

9,064

266

BIRTHS.

The following births have been registered during the year :-

Chinese,...

Non-Chinese,

Males. Females.

Total.

..521

228

749

..150

135

285

671

363

1,034

The general birth-rate is therefore 3-17 per 1,000 as compared with 3.8 per 1,000 in 1902.

The birth-rate for 1903 amongst the Non-Chinese population is 15.2 per 1,000 as compared with 12.6 per 1,000 in 1902.

310

The deaths registered as having occurred amongst the Non-Chinese community during 1903 number 310. Of these, 33 are from the Army and 9 from the Navy, leaving 268 amongst the Civil population.

The death-rate therefore for the Non-Chinese population including the Army and Navy is 16.6 per 1,000 as compared with 19 per 1,000 in 1902.

The nationalities of the deaths were as follows:-British 81. Portuguese 52, Indian 89, Danish 2, Siamese 1, Malay 9, Filipino 4, Japanese 30, American 6, Jewish 4, Gerinan 10, Russian 2. Spanish 3. Armenian 1. French 5, Parsee 1, Peruvian 1, Austrian 1, Norwegian 2, Goanese 1, Unknown 5.

The causes of the 39 deaths in the Mercantile marine were as follows:-

Heart Disease,

Pueumonia,

Rupture of Liver,

Beri-beri,

Dysentery,

Shooting...

Meningitis,

Phthisis,

Plague,

Apoplexy,

Drowning,

Fracture of Skull.

Malaria,

....

Hæmorrhage,

Peripheral Neuritis, Hepatic Abscess,..

Cancer...

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Cholera,

Bronchitis,

Empyema,

Unknown,

•

NNN

Causes of Death in the 34 Deaths that occurred amongst the Troops (one case being Chinese does not appear amongst the Troops in the Registrar General's returns):

Enteric Fever,...

Beri-beri...

Alcoholisın,.

Gun-shot Wound,

Heart Disease,..

Pneumonia,

Dysentery,

Phthisis,

Meningitis,

Opium Poisoning, Cirrhosis of Liver, Abscess of Liver,

Malarial Fevers,

Drowning,

Gastritis,

Pyæmia,

Sarcoma,

Shock,

309

The nationalities of the Non-Chinese parents were as follows-British 118, Portuguese 73, Indian 37, Malay 14, Filipino 10, German 8, French 4, Spanish 3, P'ersian 3, Norwegian 2, Jewish 2, Japanese 2, Austrian 2, Australian 1, American 1, Eurasian 1, Arabian 1, Hungarian 1, Turkish 1, Dutch 1.

If these figures be added to the number of Chinese births to obtain a cor- rected birth-rate as has usually been the custom, the birth-rate would become 5'02 per 1,000 for the whole Colony.

For the Chinese Community alone the addition of the above figures to the Chinese births will give a corrected birth-rate for the Chinese Community of 4.39 per 1,000. Without this correcting factor the Chinese birth-rate becomes 2-43 per 1,000.

It is however probable that even this corrected figure is too low and that comparatively few births amongst the poorer classes of Chinese are registered.

DEATHS.

The deaths registered during the year numbered 6,185 as compared with 6,783 in 1902. The general death-rate for 1903 is therefore 18.9 as compared with 21-7 in 1092.

was 20.7 in 1892.

During the last eight years when the Naval and Military population and deaths have been taken into account the lowest death-rate was in 1897, viz., 19.13. In 1897 however there were only 21 cases of plague so that the death-rate for 1903 (18.9) must be reckoned as exceedingly favourable as this year there were 1,251 deaths from plague alone. Excluding deaths from plague the death-rate for 1903 is 15.1 per 1,000; the previous lowest rate since 1894 being 17.98 per 1,000 in 1898.

The deaths amongst the Chinese community numbered 5,875 as compared with 6,431 in 1902. This gives a death-rate for Chinese of 19.1 per 1,000 as compared with 21.93 per 1,000 in 1902.

Of the Chinese deaths 3,281 were males and 2,554 were females, while 40 were of unknown sex.

The following table shows the quarterly death-rates for Chinese and Non- Chinese for 1902 and 1903 respectively:

1. Non-Chinese,

2. Chinese,

1. Non-Chinese,

2. Chinese,

1902. 1st quarter. 13.7

2nd quarter. 3rd quarter.

4th quarter.

25.0

20.3

16.4

14.7

26.2

26.4

20.4

1903,

13.1

24.5

17.4

25.3

13.9

17.8

14.8

16.6

311

Causes of deaths registered as having occurred in Navy during 1903-

Acute Bronchitis,

Myelitis,

Apoplexy,

Pneumonia.

Intestinal Obstruction,

Fracture of Skull,

Injury to Chest,

Aneurysm,

Pernicous Anæmia,..

UNCERTIFIED DEATHS.

Of these 569 deaths, 278 occurred in Victoria and 291 in Kowloon.

Aneurysm,

Aortic Disease,

Asthma,

Beri-beri,..

Bronchitis,

Cancer.

Heart Disease,.

Childbirth,

Convulsions,

Colic,

Debility,

Diarrhœa,

132

...

Diphtheria,

Fatty Degeneration of Heart,..

Gangrene,

General Tuberculosis,

Hæmorrhage,

Hemiplegia,....

Malignant Endocarditis,

Marasmus,

Malaria,

Nephritis,

Old age, Peritonitis,

Phthisis,

Pericarditis..

Placenta prævia,.

Plague,

119

Pleurisy,

Pneumonia,

Post-partum Hæmorrhage,

Premature Birth,

Septicemia,..

Syncope,

·1

Syphilis,

Tubercular Enteritis.

Tubercular Peritonitis,

Unknown (decomposed),

569

312

INFANT MORTALITY.

For the Chinese community alone the percentage of these deaths on the total Chinese deaths was 17.6 for 1903 as compared with 17.8 per cent. in 1902.

The infant death-rate amongst the Non Chinese community for 1903 was 108.7 per 1,000 as compared with 1966 per 1,000 in 1902.

Amongst the Chinese, however the deaths under 1 year

year of

age numbered 1,038, while the registered births amongst the Chinese numbered only 749. This figure may be corrected as has been the custom by adding to it the deaths of Chinese infants under one month under the assumption that these children have not had their births registered. Such a corrected figure would give 1,247 births. As there have been 1,038 deaths of infants under one year this is equal to an infant death-rate of 832 per 1,000 as compared with a similarly estimated rate of 792 per 1,000 in 1902.

This exceedingly great infantile mortality-rate formed the subject of an Enquiry by a Committee appointed by His Excelleney the Governor in 1903.

As a result of the Enquiry the Committee came to the conclusion that a very large number of births remain unregistered, perhaps amounting to between one third and half the total number. That the chief cause of the non-registration is the national training or ideas of the Chinese community who in the Colony as well as in China proper register in their Ancestral Temples the births of males only and those not until they are at least one month old.

DEATHS FROM DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

The total number of deaths during the year from respiratory discases was 1,397.

In 1902 the number was 1,640. In 1903 the number of deaths in this group of diseases amongst the British and Foreign community was 55 as compared with

58 in 1902.

For the Chinese community the figure for 1903 is 1,342 as compared with 1,582 in 1902.

The deaths from these diseases therefore form 22.8 per cent. of the total Chinese deaths as compared with 24-6 per cent. in 1902.

year

The death-rate for the Chinese community from these diseases for the is is 4:37 per 1,000 as compared with 54 in 1902.

Amongst the land population the rate for 1903 was 4:32 per 1,000 as com- pared with 52 per 1,000 in 1902.

Amongst the Chinese the deaths from phthisis alone were 104 per cent. of the total Chinese deaths in 1903 as compared with 11:18 per cent. in 1902.

Of the deaths from all respiratory diseases in 1903 those from phthisis alone formed 45 52 per cent. as compared with 45'44 per cent. during 1902.

313

DEATHS FROM NERVOUS DISEASES.

The total number of deaths recorded in this group of diseases for the year 1903 is 590 as compared with 584 in 1902.

Amongst the British and Foreign community there were 27 deaths in this group for 1903 as against 20 in 1902.

Amongst the Chinese the figure for this year is 563 as against 564 in 1902. Of these 563 Chinese deaths 313 were of childeren under one month old or a percentage of 55'5 of the total Chinese deaths in this group. The corresponding figure for 1902 was 66.5 per cent.

The assigned causes of death in these cases were infantile convulsion, tetanus and trismus.

The high death-rate amongst children from these diseases has been reported on by a Committee to which I have referred under the heading Infantile Mortality.

MALARIAL FEVERS.

The total number of deaths from malarial fevers during the year was 300 as compared with 425 in 1902. Amongst the Chinese alone the deaths from malarial affections was 283 as compared with 393 in 1902 and 541 in 1901. This gives a Chinese death-rate from malaria of 0·92 per 1,000 as compared with 13 per 1,000 in 1902. For the British and Foreign community including the Navy and Army the death-rate from malaria for 1903 was 0.91 per 1,000 as compared with 1.9 per 1,000 in 1992.

There have been 8 deaths from these causes recorded during the year amongst the troops as compared with 16 in 1902, and 9 amongst the Civil population as compared with 16 in 1902.

It is very satisfactory to note this decline in the mortality from malaria. which is doubtless due to the gradual training of the nullahs in the vicinity of the City and the better understanding by the people of the importance of preventing pools of water from collecting about their houses.

The Chinese flower gardens in the City have had special attention paid them during the year and all broken and useless pots and jars have been removed at intervals.

A great deal of work has been done in the matter of the training of nullahs in the Colony during the year.

BERI-BERI.

There were 387 deaths registered from beri-beri during the year comprising 8 amongst the British and Foreign.community and 379 amongst the Chinese.

In 1902 there were 1 death in the British and Foreign and 452 in the Chinese communities from this cause.

The following table shows how the deaths from this disease were distributed throughout the year :-

January,

February,

2 British and Foreign, 32 Chinese.

March,

•

April, May. June,

July,

August.

...1

་་

.་

September, October,..

November..

December,

Total....

379

314

It will be noticed that the least number of deaths from beri-beri is recorded during the months when plague is most severe. Undoubtedly plague deaths mask many cases of beri-beri.

Various hypotheses have been put forward as to the cause of the disease, but as yet none of them have sufficient support to entitle them to be ranked as generally accepted theories.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES,

The total number of infectious diseases reported under the Infections Diseases Notification Ordinance during 1903 was 1,553.

Of these, 1,415 were cases of plague, 60 small-pox, 44 enteric fever, 9 diphtheria, 8 puerperal fever, 7 scarlet fever, and 10 cholera.

The following Table shows the distribution of these diseases except plague amongst the different races of the community and the periods of the year at which they occurred :-

Discase.

1st

2nd 3rd

4th Quarter. Quarter. Quarter. Quarter.

Total.

Enteric Fever....

European, Chinese,.

Other Asiatics,

European,

2448

Small-pox,

Chinese,.

Other Asiaties,

European,

Cholera,

Chinese,..

Other Asiatics,

Diphtheria.

European,

Chinese....

Other Asiatics,

Puerperal Fever,

Scarlet Fever, ...

f European,

Chinese,.... European,

Total...........

C230IOS

601020130

2 1

138

PLAGUE.

I have separately reported on the 1903 Plague Epidemic for the first 7 months This report included 1,363 cases, and details of the statistics will be

of the year.

found in that report.

Since then there have been 52 further cases with 45 deaths, making a total of 1,415 cases with 1,251 deaths. The death-rate for the whole year for plague was therefore 884 which is the same as for the first 7 months of the year and the lowest death-rate for plague since 1894.

I append a table which shows the distribution of plague seizures and deaths- according to nationality and locality and also the numbers of plague infected rats found in the different districts of the City of Victoria and Kowloon.

316

TYPHOID FEVER.

Sixteen European cases were imported, one Indian case and one Japanese case.

The nationalities of the cases given under the heading "Other Nationalities" in the above-mentioned table were:-Chinese 6, Portuguese 2, Japanese 2, Indian 1.

Of the 33 European cases 7 died, giving a mortality of 212 per cent.

Of the 6 Chinese cases all died.

The others recovered.

Of the 26 non-imported cases 17 occurred during the first four months of the year and 9 only afterwards.

There are so many possible ways by which the infective material may reach the person that it is extremely difficult if not impossible to say in most cases how they originated.

SMALL-POX.

There were recorded during the year 60 cases of small-pox with 31 deaths. The cases comprised 53 Chinese, 4 Europeans, 1 American, 1 Indian, and 1 African. The deaths were all amongst Chinese. Of these cases 19 were known to be The 4 European and 1 American cases were imported leaving 41 local cases.

Twelve Chinese cases were also imported as also the Indian and African cases. imported. Of the local Chinese cases 23 were found in the streets, hillsides and foreshore. Consequently measures for disinfection and vaccination of contacts could The number of vaccinations recorded is unfortunately less not be undertaken. than in last year and in 1901, which showed totals of 6,475 and 5,937 vaccinations respectively. The following table shows the number of recorded vaccinations for

1903-

VACCINATIONS IN 1903.

At the Government Civil Hospital,

Victoria Gaol,

Alice Memorial Hospital,

By the Tung Wah Hospital:-

In Victoria,

Aberdeen, Stanley,

Shaukiwan,

Kowloon,

453 .2,887

321

.1,591

Total,...........................

.5,348

1902.

CHOLERA.

Fortunately there was no retura during the year of the Cholera Epidemic of

NATIONALITY.

Europeans,...

Chinese,

COLONY OF HONGKONG.

PLAGUE RETURN FOR THE YEAR 1903.

LOCALITY.

KOWLOON.

TOTAL.

Shau-

HAR-

BOUR.

Tsim- Yau-

kok-

Mong- Tai-kok- Huog- Other

Quarry Bay.

ki-

Stanley deen.

Aber-

wan.

tsatsui, mati,

tsui.

hom. Villages.

CITY OF VICTORIA HEALTH DISTRICTS.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

110

2 1

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

1 1

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases,

Deaths.

Cases.

Deaths.

76 69 207 195 28 27 119 101 89 86 85 83 71 69 68 65 190184 46 42 46 42/14

8 113 106 21 20 17 17 46 44 1813 7 7 15 14 3 115 131,294 1.206

Cases.

Deaths.

Cases.

نت

3 4

1 17

Indians,

Asiatic Portuguese,

Malays, ......

Japanese,........

Others,...

Totals,

1 1 1

1 1

81 69 224205 31 28 149112 96 9292 8973 70 | 70 65 191 184 52 44 72 4421 10 116 108 21 20 17 17 46 44 19 14

8 19 14

Infected Rats,

162

287

392 459 365 344

558

268

118

Total cases from January 1st, 1903, Total deaths,,

153

273

233

8 15 14

Europeans.

Chinese. 1,294 1,206

Other Asiatics.

Total.

1,415

1,251

14 9

315

116 13

415 1,251

3,742

326

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN

COMMUNITY,

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Brought forward, Group A.,... 90

Group B.,...

General Diseases,-- Continued.

Concussion of Brain,

Rupture of Uterus,

B-Effects of Injuries.

of Femoral Artery,

of Spleen,

Sun Stroke,...

Rupture of Kidny,

of Mesenteric Vessels,.

of Lung,

of Liver,

Obstruction of Bowel,

Shooting,

Hanging,

Wound of Heart, Multiple Injuries,

Retro Peritoneal Hemorrhage,

Abdominal Injuries,

Scalds,

Dislocation of Neck,

Strangulated Hernia,

Strangulation,

Strangulation of Bowel,

Injuries,

Injury to Chest,

Hemorrhage,

Puncture Wound of Lungs,

Fracture of Skull,

of Leg,

of Pelvis,

Suffocation,

Stab of Heart,

Cut-throat,

Suicide by Hanging,

by Shooting,

Burns,

Compression of Spinal Cord,

Injury to Spinal Cord,

Drowning,

Shock, following Injury,

Shock,

Starvation,

Heat Apoplexy,

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 5.

Nc. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

99 276 75 186 109 102 180 182 210 232 34

5 85

12:

Total,.

3 4 13 1 14

γ Errors of Diet.

Alcoholism (Chronic),.

(Acute),

Malnutrition,

Rupture of Stomach from Overfeeding,...

Total,................

Total Group B......

C.- Developmental Diseases.

Imperforate Anus,

Carried forward, (Developmental Diseases),

Carried forward, Groups A., B.

116 21 3 103 290

...

8 16 11

4 3

8 9 16 11

:..

تن

76 204 117 110 139 198 221 237 37 5 102

331

نت

— :ས::འ—:༦

116 6

...

331

26 37

222232

...

325

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

Kow- SHÁUKI- ABER-

STANLEY

LOON

WÁN

DEEN

Dis-

DIS-

TRICT.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

15 18 21

11 17

100

...

•

Non-Chinese.

Under 1

Chinese.

month.

Non-Chinese.

1 month and

Chinese.

under 12

months.

Non-Chinese.

1 year and

under 5

Chinese.

years.

under 15

years.

Non-Chinese. 5 years and

Chinese.

under 25

years.

Non-Chinese. 15 years and

Chinese.

under 45

years.

Non-Chinese. 25 years and

Chinese.

under 60

Non-Chinese. 45 years and

Unknown.

Chinese.

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

60 years

and over.

Non-Chinese.

Age

Chinese.

ลง

...

2 95 2198 11252 15441

2 52

3 174

3:223 19266 29516 13160

18... 10

1 39... 23 9 25 3 18 8116

1 23

207

...

3 49

1,249

...

4 76...

1,584

...

10 ...

1 16 ...

30 2

19 5 77 4221

...

1...

5 77

☺

5 10

•

4...

∞ ∞

......

4 29

4 82

3223

152

204

387

...

+++

2 ...

...

139

1 60

9124 7310

191 5 99 ...

687

10 1

3 1141

6 1 2...

22222

1 1

...

4288 30395 37849 20266

5 97...

2,346

•

1 2

2...

...

4288 30395 37849 20 266||

5 97

...

2,346

2 1

...

- N O P

GRAND

TOTAL.

324

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

I.-General Diseases.

BRITISH

AND FOREIGN

COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

2 1

3 6

- :

7 20 22 14

3 6

52 162

16 110

5 2

1 4

98 129 196 10

...

Total,...... 68

63 193 41 134

93 118 159 209 16

A.-Specific Febrile Diseases.

Small-pox,

Measles,

a Zymotic.

Whooping Cough, Diphtheria,

Fever Typho-malarial,

Typhoid, (Enteric),

Simple Continued,

Cholera,

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Diarrhoea,.

Dysentery,

Bubonic Fever, (Plague),

Influenza,

B Malarial.

Fever Intermittent,

Remittent,.

(Undefined,

Malarial,

Beri-beri,

Malarial Cachexia,

Ague,

y Septic.

Pyæmia,

Septicemia,

Erysipelas,

Puerperal Fever,

Puerperal Eclampsia,

2 6

Total,...... 16 9

8 Venereal.

Syphilis (Acquired),

(Congenital),.

:::

3 1 6 14 13 3 39

...

25 34

ཨ::རྒྱ་::

1 3

12 16 14 31 18

15 6

...

1:22:

10 15

::28 ⠀⠀

*:*:

19 8

...

34 66 26 47

338

1135

22 16

2 2 1 3

: co-

: ܗ:

2 2

Total,...... 4 1

Total,.

2 3 1

Total Group, A.,.............. 90 15

B.-Diseases dependent on Specific

External Agents.

∞ ∞

99 276

a Poisons.

Alcoholic Poisoning,

Poisoning,.....

Opium Poisoning,

Poisoning by Carbolic Acid,

Total,......

...

Carried forward, Group A.,...... 90

Group B.,......

4 ♡

་

1 2

: co

...

4 1

...

75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232 34

99 276

:::

•

5 85

1 J

...

75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232

1 1

: ܗ: :

Name of Disease.

BOTH SEXES.

Brought forward,

(v.) Alimentary System 24.

Diarrhoea,

Enteritis,

Peritonitis,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Abscess of Liver,

Gastritis,

Total Cases.

Under 1 year.

1-5 years.

5-15 years.

15-25 years.

25-65 years.

174

(ri.) Reproductive System = 5.

Abortion--- Homorrhage following,. Post Partum. Hæmorrhage,

Placenta Prævia,

Syncope following Childbirth,

(rii.) Various Canses 97.

Drowing,

Concussion of Brain,

Starvation,

Gangrene of Leg,

Gangrene of Foot,

Shock,

Stillborn,

Cancer,

Malaria,

Beriberi,

Too decomposed,

Dropsy.

451

•

...

CASES DIVIDED ACCORDING TO SEX.

MALE.

Under

1-5 5-15 15-25 25-65 1 year. years. years. years. years.

Total.

6 20 55

108

121

~72 :-

FEMALE.

Under 1-5 5-15 15-25 25-65 56 and 1 year. years. years. years. years, upwards.

Total.

...

unknown cases

(decom-posed.)

...

Total,.

300

39 111

181

17 31

...

323

115

Name of Disease.

BOTH SEXES.

Total Cases.

Under 1 year.

1-5 years.

5-15 years.

15-25 years.

25-65 years.

CASES DIVIDED ACCORDING TO SEX.

MALE.

Under 1-5 5-15 | 15-25 1 year. years. | years. years.

FEMALE.

Under 1-5

5-15 | 15-25

65 and

25-65. Total.

25-65.

Total.

1 year. years. | years,¦ years.

upwards.

(i.) Notifiable Diseases 107.

Plague Septic,

Bubonic,

—

Pneumonie,

Small-pox,

102

Enteric Fever,

Diphtheria,

...

Puerperal septicemia,

...

(ii.) Respiratory Diseases

49.

Empyema,

Pleurisy,

Bronchitis,

Broncho-pneumonia,

Lobar pneumonia,

...

Septic pneumonia,

unknown age.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis,

Congestion of Lungs,

Pulmonary Hæmorrhage, Miliary Tuberculosis,

...

1234 A

17121

: +

(in.) Urinary System = 4

Acute Nephritis,.

Sub-acute Nephritis.

Chronic Nephritis,

(ir.) Circulatory System −14.

...

::N

...

unknown

...

Heart, Valvular Disease of, Fatty Degeneration of,

Pericarditis,

30.00 -

...

Endocarditis,

...

Aortic Aneurysm,

...

Carried forward,

174

108

age.

...

322

321

THE YAU-MA-TI PUBLIC MORTUARY.

This Mortuary was built in 1902, but was not used until this year, when on May 22nd there was begun here the post-mortem examination of bodies from this side of the harbour.

The work was at first carried on by Dr. KEYT of the Medical Department and latterly by Dr. MACFARLANE, Assistant Medical Officer of Health at Kowloon.

Appended is the report from Dr. MACFARLANE on the number of post- mortems performed in the Mortuary during the year.

I have, &c.,

WILFRID WM. PEARSE,

Acting Medical Officer of Health.

Appendix I.

SANITARY BOARD BRANCH OFFICE, KOWLOON, April 8th, 1904.

Sir, I have the honour to submit for your information the Report of the Public Mortuary, Kowloon, for the period from May 22nd (the date of its commencement) to December 31st, 1903.

During that period, 300 bodies have been examined-by Dr. KEYT from May 22nd to October 7th, and by myself for the remainder of the time.

The causes of death were returned as below.

I have, &c.,

HAROLD MACFARLANE,

Medical Officer in charge of Mortuary, Kowloon.

The Secretary, SANITARY BOARD.

320

The following Inspectors joined the service in 1903-

S. M. GIDLEY,

S. KELLY,

F. BROWN,

F. JONES,

F. AMY.

THOMAS WHITE,

M. W. CLEVELAND,

A. D. J. MCCARTHY,

Formerly temporary Inspectors

on the Plague Staff.

Since left the Service.

The following is a list of the Staff of Inspectors in the service of the Board

at the close of 1903:-

Senior Inspectors.

M. GRICE.

A. CARTER.

J. A. LYON.

P. T. LAMBLE.

T. P. CONOLLY.

Plague (1st Class) Inspectors.

L. E. BRETT.

F. FISHER.

W. H. WOLLEY.

J. REIDIE.

F. ALLEN.

W. FINCHER (2nd Class), Acting.

First Class Inspector in Charge of the Disinfecting Station.

H. J. W. GIDLEY.

Temporary Assistant Inspector at the Disinfecting Station.

R. C. WITCHELL.

District Inspectors.

H. J. KNIGHT.

G. HOGGARTH (Prosecuting Inspector.)

E. ROGERS.

R. G. McEwEN.

S. M. GIDLEY.

MCKENZIE (Prosecuting Inspector.)

A. BROWN.

P. O'DONNELL.

D. O'KEEFFE.

C. H. J. Ross.

J. R. LEE.

S. KELLY.

J. BROWN.

F. O. AMY.

F. JONES.

319

PROSECUTIONS.

The following is a list of prosecutions instituted under the authority of the Sanitary Board during the year 1903-

Offence.

Summonses.

Convic- tions.

Penalties.

Remarks.

Attempting to bribe officers,

Breaches of Bye-laws:-

Bakehouses,

359

Cattle & Swine,

Dairies,

Latrines & Privies,

Matsheds,

Offensive Trades,

Public Laundries,

Verandahs,

239

395

1 Dismissed.

Damaging grave,

Dirty premises,

260

258

996

Failing to cleanse and limewash,

450

433

2,299

3 Weeks hard labour.

1 Absconded, 1 withdrawn.

8 Dismissed, 9 withdrawn.

to fill up rat runs,.

260

1 Withdrawn.

to provide backyards,

447

2 Withdrawn.

to repair kitchens,

to repair or concrete surfaces,..

292

6 Dismissed, 8 withdrawn.

Illegal cubicles,

364

cockloft,

185

1 Withdrawn.

Insufficient window area,

Nuisances on Crown Land,

private premises,

public streets,

Obstructing backyards.........

Sleeping on cocklofts,

windows.

Occupation of basement,

Overcrowding Common Lodging Houses,

Opium Divans,

Tenement houses,

Removing infected articles,

in common kitchens,

1 Dismissed.

1 Absconded, 1 withdrawn.

,, infected premises,..

186

2 Absconded, 3 withdrawn.

316

7 Absconded, 3 withdrawn.

Unregistered Common Lodging Houses,

Total,......

1,258

1,202

$ 7,032

STAFF.

As the work increased with the increasing number of cases of plague per week the staff was augmented by temporarily engaged men.

The best of these temporarily engaged men were as vacancies occurred in the ordinary staff transferred to this staff.

318

SCARLET FEVER.

INTERMENTS.

The following is a list of burials during the year 1903 in the Cemeteries of the Colony :—

Non-Chinese-Colonial Cemetery,

Roman Catholic Cemetery,

Mahommedan

Jewish

Parsee

་་

134 1,027

Total,...

1,219

Chinese.-Mount Caroline Cemetery,

173

Mount Davis

314

Tung Wah Hospital

1.707

Infectious Diseases

Protestant

Kennedy Town........... Cheung Sha Wan

1,179

Shaukiwan

Aberdeen

Stanley

259

113

Shek-O

Ma-tan Wai

362

Total.......

4.206

Grand Total,....

5,425

There have been also 16 cremations during the year.

THE DISINFECTING STATION.

A new and more efficient steam disinfector was erected at the Disinfecting Station in the early part of 1903.

The old machine will be erected at the new Disinfecting Station about to be erected at Kowloon. It is to be hoped that the new Station will be erected as soon as possible as it is urgently needed.

The following is a list of the number of articles passed though the Steam Disinfector during 1903.

Articles from private houses in Victoria,

Kowloon,

Kennedy Town Hospital,

Tung Wah Hospital,

82,516

7,415

3,585

100

Government Civil Hospital,..

1,879

Station Hospital and Barracks,

1,126

Victoria Gaol,

1,147

Government clothing used by contacts and disinfected afterwards, 16,000

Clothing and bedding of Disinfecting Staff,

16.112

Total,.....

129,880

The apparatus was in use on 310 days during the year and for 16 hours

daily during the prevalence of the plague epidemic.

317

Some few cases however did occur during the year, namely, 10.

These comprised 3 Europeans, 6 Chinese and 1 Japanese. There were 6 deaths-a mortality rate of 60 per cent.-2 amongst Europeans, 1 Japanese and 3 Chinese.

The 10 cases occurred from 30th April to 31st October inclusive.

The following table shows the distribution of the cases :--

Date.

April 30th,.....

May 2nd,..

June 10th,

June 15th,

June 16th,

Nationality.

.European,

Chinese, European, .Chinese,

July 11th,

July 18th,

August 28th...

September 25th,

October 31st,

..European,

.......Chinese,

...Japanese,

Health District.

6 Harbour. 5 Harbour.

cases.

This table shows that little connection if any can be established between the

DIPHTHERIA.

The remaining 3 cases occurred from April 28th to June 3rd inclusive.

PUERPERAL FEVER.

There were 8 cases of puerperal fever reported during the year, comprising 1 Portuguese and 7 Chinese cases. The Portuguese case and 6 of the Chinese

cases died.

In addition to these, 21 deaths were recorded from affections connected with pregnancy and parturition.

א.3:

32 85

26 37

...

5 81

4230)

ลง

心

...

4 24 23 73]

217

:18

6296 34-419 60922 22283

: |ལྔ

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

محت

تت

8 22 19 70

116 2

184

2 35

2,530

164

+44

Dis- LOON Kow-

WÁN SHACKI-

DEEN ABER-

STANLEY

Dis-

DIS-

TRICT.

331

Land

Population.

Boat

心 Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

ོད་

1968

10 - 00

- M

► RK10 00

- 19

327

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

Non-Chinese.

Under 1

Chinese.

month.

Non-Chinese. 1 month and

under 12

Chinese.

months.

Non-Chinese.

1 year and under 5

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

years.

5 years and under 15

years.

15 years and under 25

years.

25 years and under 45

years.

45 years and under 60

years.

4221

4288 30395 37849 20266

1 ...

2...

5 97

[ I

— 10 10 00 -

-IN-NA T

60 years

Chinese.

and over.

પ

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Age

Unknown

2,346

GRAND

TOTAL.

328

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

Civil.

Brought forward, (Groups A & B), ...... 116

General Diseases,—Continued.

C—Developmental Diseases,—Contd.

Tabes Mesenterica,

Atelectasis,

Brought forward,...

Immaturity at Birth,

Debility,

Old Age,

Marasmus and Atrophy

Anencephalus,

Inanition,

Total Group C.,.....

D.-Miscellaneous Diseases,

Rheumatic Fever,

Articular Rheumatism,

Sarcoma of Orbit,

Sarcoma,

Scrofula,

BRITISH

AND FOREIGN

COMMUNITY.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH District.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

21 3 103 290 76 204 117 110 139 198 221 237

200

18 15

137.

11 299

General Tuberculosis,

2 108

Rickets,

Anemia,

Leprosy,

Rheumatism,

Hemophilia..

Cancer of Oesophagus,

Cancer of Uterus,

Cancer,

Total Group D.,..

3 109

28 14

II. Local Diseases.

E--The Nervous System.

Meningitis,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Abscess of Brain,

Apoplexy,

Paralysis (Undefined),

Paralysis (Spinal),

Hemiplegia,

Paraplegia,

Infantile Convulsions,

Tetanus (Traumatic),

Trismus,

(Idiopathic),

Internal Dydrocephalus,

Epilepsy,.....

Mania,

Acute Peripheral Neuritis,

Eucephalitis,

Myeloplegia,

Total Group E.,...... 25

F-The Circulatory System.

Heart Disease,

Aneurysm,

Carried forward. (The Circulatory System),

41 :

Carried forward, (Groups. „A to E), 161 23

9 1

88 1254

9 5

405

- a

37 5 102

2༽ :

21:

1-:

7 9

}

pus

9 8 13

1.026248 311 138 126 163 264 263 2249 38

6 123

2121

329

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903, ---Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Kow- SHAUKI- ABER-

LOON Dis-

WÁN DIS-

DEEN

STANLEY

DIS-

TRICT.

TRICT,

358

26 37

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Non-Chinese.

Under 1

mouth.

Chinese.

1 month and

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

under CO

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Nou-Chinese.

Chinese.

15 years and under 25

years.

Non-Chinese.

25 years and under 45

Chinese.

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

45 years and

Non-Chinesc.

Chinese.

and over. 60 years

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Age

Unknown.

Non-Chinese.

| Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

under 12

months.

1 year and under 5

years.

years and under 15

years.

GRAND

TOTAL.

4230 6296 34419 60922 22 283

7102 2. 35 2,530

:::2

心

འ།

33 32 22 21

1274

3 34

30.

さ

95 200

3 8120 210

... 113

111...

110

...

1 19

1111

134

334 I 20

心

...

1335 3

...

心

3313

6 7 3114 3 14 - 1

5 21 314 3

590

...

に

2 45 3 27

147

¡ ...

...

479

...

67 130

55 | 62

11459 12381 8568 11 355 39|4

39/444

2 45 3 27

70973 27318 12359)

247

151

4 696

1217

12 2242

145

288

પ

- K

230

3112 སྐ

218

427

746

204

ล

CAUSES.

330

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY,

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

Brought forward, (Groups A to E),

Local Diseases.—Continued.

164

||18 |1,026 248 311 138 126 163 254 263 249 38 6 123

F.-The Circulatory System,—Contd.

Brought forward,...... 14

12 12 12

13 12

Pericarditis,

Endocarditis,

Aortic Disease,

]

Fatty Degeneration of Heart,

Heart Failure,

Anamia. Syncope,

Syncope,

Total Group F........ 16

G.--The Respiratory System.

Bronchitis,

Pneumonia,

Phthisis,

Pleurisy,

:21:

22:

10 67 9

18 15

7 52

12 28

20 46 16 42

16 25

56 61

ོརྱ:

Empyemm,

Asthma, Atelectasis,

Atelectasis,

Asthma,

Collapse of Lungs,

Congestion of Lungs,

Emphysema,

Acute Bullons Emphysema,

Gangrene of Lung,

Noma,

Total Group G‚................. 48

I--The Digestive System.

Gastritis,

Enteritis,

Appendicitis,

Peritonitis,

Sprue,

Hernia,

Intestinal Obstruction,

Hepatitis,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Abscess of Liver,

Jaundice,

Necrosis and Jaw Abscess,

Intussusception,

Icterus Neonatorum,

Carcinoma Ventriculi,

Tubercular Diarrhoea,

Strangulation of Intestine,

Carcinoma of Gall Bladder, Strangulated Hernin,

Catarrhal Jaundice,..

Coral Abscess,

Tubercalar Enteritis,

37 169

93 70

46 | 60

88 116

Cancer of Liver,

Tousillitis,

Hepatic Abscess,

Abscess of Stomach,

Total Group II.......

2 9 8 +

Carried forward, (Groups A to II),..

1250 33

9165 1,219 297 423 217 |182 233 365 394 298 82

6 221

331

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Kow- SHÁUKI- ABER-

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

GRAND

TOTAL.

ล

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

STANLEY

LOON Dis-

TRICT.

WÁN

DEEN

DIS-

Dis-

DIS-

TRICT.

Under 1

month.

1 month and

under 12

months.

1 year and

under 5

years.

5 years and under 15

years.

15 yearsand under 25

years.

25 years and under 45

years.

45 years and under 60

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese. !

60 years

Chinese.

and over.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Unknown. Age

479 67

130 55

62 33

ล

28 2 2

4,096

2 45 3 27

3 11459 12381 8568 11355 39 444 70973 27 318 12359

༤མྦྷསྶ

ས ོ ཾ་ཤ

18 13

...

-..

心

2 11

་

151

2 A1 -

[

3 50

178

2 2

2 64

144

6 61

2110

4 41

9.67

8306

196 214 3144

3126

8: 77

วง

...

ล

3'...

...

220

15 3

118 4110

3162 165 12 95 18414 7258

8212

...

754: 149 206

...

***

...

יי,

...

-NN--INN

•

1,397

...

22214

51 10 21

[

102

43635 25610 5 56

5.773

20 -

1 115 1 13

13479 18 508 12747 13430 57555106 1,461|

332

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

BRITISH

AND FOREIGN

COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Brought forward, (Groups A to H.)

250

Local Diseases,—Continued.

J--The Urinary System.

Nephritis (Acute),

Bright's Disease,

Tumour of Kidney,

Stricture of Urethra,

Calculus,

Vesical Calculus,..

Total Group J.,

L.-Affections connected with Pregnancy.

Placenta Prævia,

Total Group L.,

M.-Affections connected with

Parturition.

Obstructive Labour,

Post Partum Hemorrhage,.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

9 165

1,219 297 423 217 182 233 365 394 298

6 221

...

Milk Fever,

Child-birth,

Total Group M.,...............

N-The Skin.

Pemphigus,

Phlegmon,

Ulcer,

Total Group N...................

0.—Diseases of Organs of Locomotion.

Gangrene of Leg,

Dropsy,..

Tumour,

Total Group O.,

III.-Undefined.

ཀ ::

50 -

•

:::

...

:..

...

•

62 22

7 6 5

13 2

Total Group III.,.......

22 9

6 5 7 10 6 8 14 2

TOTAL, ALL CAUSES,..... 268

33 9 228 1,245312 437 226 191 244 377 406 312

7 266

Abscess,

Tumour of Brain,..

Gangrene,...

Undiagnosed,

106

110

874 162 217

Co-

:::

}

...

:::

...

•

نت

...

Kow-

DIS- LOON

WÁN SHÁUKI-

ABER-

STANLEY

DIS-

Dis- DEEN

DIS-

TRICT.

754 149 206

333

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PEriods.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

: :

...

..་

•

...

9999999

•

...

101

...

•

...

38...

162

ལ

39...

3 68

2 16...

13 499 18540′ 12850 13‍478 59599113 1,553 48 661 28622

NI N

•

117

314

335

6 73

6,185

10 N 2 -

Under 1

month.

1 month and

under 12

months.

1 year and under 5

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

5 years and under 12 15

years.

Non-Chinese.

15 years and under 25

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

years.

25 years and under 45

years.

45 years and under 60

years.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

60 years

and over.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Age

Unknown.

13479 18 508 12747 13430 57 555106 1,461 43635] 25610

5 56

5.773

心

ગીર

تت

4 10

227

11...

...

•

...

: :

...

221

...

TOTAL.

GRAND

D.-Miscellaneous Diseases,....

II. Local Diseases.

CAUSES.

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

334

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

VICTORIA.

HEALTH DISTRICT.

SUMMARY.

I.-General Diseases.

A.-Specific Febrile Diseases,

B.-Diseases dependent on Specific Ex-

A, 90

ternal Agents,

26 6

99 276

3 4 14

75 186 109 102 130 182 210 232 34

1 18 8 8 9 16

(A to B),.............. 116

3 103 290

76 204 117 110 139 198 221 237

5 102

C.-Developmental Diseases,.....

11 222 90 80 12 8 12 23 24 7

(A to C),...... 127

...D. 12

3 109

28 14 5 4

14 512 166 284 129 118 151 221 245 244

5 116

E-The Nervous System,

F.—The Circulatory System,

יין

(A to F),...... 180

G.-The Respiratory System,

G, 48

H.-The Digestive System,...

.H,

R22 2

1 405

15 8

54 13 4

4 15

10 00

19 11

४

15 13 9

1、2]

6 126 1.041 252 326 145 136 1 171 269 276 258 49

6 135

..J, 11

12-

2 37 169 37 93 70 46

9 8

rition,

...L,

...

2:25

ဥရော

00 20 12

88 116

218

J.-The Urinary System,

L.-Affections connected with Preg-

nancy,

M.-Affections connected with Partu-

N.-The Skin,

(A to M),...... 262 33 9166 1,224 301 430 221 184 234 370 398 298

.N,

0.-Diseases of the Organs of Locomo-

tion,

2322323

III.-Undefined & Undiagnosed,..

III, 6

TOTAL, ALL CAUSES,................ 268

333

6 222

7 266

9 6 5 7 10 6 8 14

9 228 1,246 312 437 226 191 244 377 406 312 87

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 9.

No. 10.

Unknown.

Peak.

Harbour.

Kow-

LOON DIS-

TRICT.

WAN

DEEN

STANLEY Dis-

DIS-

TRICT.

DIS-

TRICT.

335

DURING THE YEAR THE ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1903,-Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

SHACKI- ABER-

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERiods.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Non-Chinese.

Population.

Boat

Population.

Under 1

Chinese.

month.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

and under 1 month

12 months.

1 year and

under 5

years.

Non-Chinese. 5 years and

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

Chinese.

under 15

years.

under 25

y ars.

15 years and

Non-Chinese. 25 years and

Chinese.

under 45

years.

Non-Chinese. 45 years and

Chinese.

Non-Chinese.

under 60

years.

60 years

Chinese.

and over.

Non-Chinese.

Age

Unknown.

Chinese.

331

191

5 77

4221

4288 30395 37849 20,266)

5 97

2,346

4 24 23 73 2017

184

358

32 85 26 37

221 5 811 4230 6296 34419 60922 22283]

60922

102

2 35 (2,530)

94 38 321

22 21 18

113

452

65 117

الان

3 8120 210

38142 5291 4343 7307 34423 60935 22295 9344

12 2242

746

2 45 (8,276)

1 19

4 12

5 17

2 9

230

13 281

12:

507

69 132 55 62 33 12

220. 75 70.

361 30 20 15

762 152 209

3313

6 71

6 71 3114

3 14

1 2

3 14

8 53 3 50

590 178

3 11460 13383] 8572 11360 41455 78 1.026 30368 16391]

3 48 (4,274)

4110 1 15

3162 1 65

12. 95 18 414

7,258

8212

1 8 1,397

113)

...

4 5 10 21 4 4 10

6 9

102

3 9f

97 94 54 27 6 13479 18508 12749 18439 59 565 110 1,483 46,645 28615 556 (5,843)

110

心

29 100

32 368] 2 16

335

874 162 217 97 96 55

ๆ

6 13499 18540 12 350 13478 595991181,553 48 661 28622 6 73

12350

48661 2622

6,185

GRAND

TOTAL.

The Government Civil

Tung Wa Hospital-Continued.

336

RETURN OF DEATHS THAT OCCURRED IN THE UNDERMENTIONED INSTITUTIONS. During the Year ended 31st December, 1903.

Hospitals.

The Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals.--

(Continued.)

Causes.

Plague,

Typhoid,

Cholera,

Diphtheria,..

Dysentery,

No.

Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

Brought forward, 701

Brought forward,

Bright's Disease,

Heart Disease,

Asthma,

Hæmophilia,

Tetams,

Convulsions,

Measles,.

Bright's Disease,

Tetanus,

Hemiplegia,

Phthisis,..

Tuberculosis,

Malignant Endocarditis,

Compression of Spinal Caord,.

Total,

Undiagnosed,

Septicæmin,

Liver Abscess,

Erysipelas,

Wounds,

Pericarditis,

Fracture of Skull,

Injuries.

Peritonitis,.

Fatty Degeneration of Heart, .

Bright's Disease,

Fracture of Skull,

Acute Yellow Atrophy,

Tuberculosis,

31 = 3| = ཉ +

The Italian Convent.

Causes.

No.

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Convulsions,

Concussion of Brain,.

Heart Disease,

Injury to Spinal Caord,

Diarrhoea,

Pneumonia,

Plague,

129

Meningitis,

Malaria,

Rheumatism,

Pneumonia,.

Endocarditis,

Puncture Wound of Lungs,

Trismus,

Rupture of Spleen,

Emphysena...

Paralysis.

Anæmia,

Hemiplegia,

Syphilis,

Paralysis,

Acute Bullous Emphysema,.

Tuberenlosis.

Meningitis,

Scalds,

Pemphigus,

Beri-beri,

Burn,

Dropsy,

Peritonitis,.

Malarial Cachexia,

Phthisis,

Cerebral Hoen:arrhage,

Convulsions,

Enteritis,

Broncho Pneumonia,

Meningitis,.

Icterus Neonatorum,

Marasmus,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Tetanus,

Septicæmia,

Fracture of Pelvis,

Bronchitis,

Opium Poisoning,

Puerperal Fever,

Catarrhal Jaundice,

]

Diarrhoea,

Rupture of Mesenteric Vessels,

Bright's Disease,

Acute Peripheral Neuritis,

Paraplegia,

Canerum Oris,

Puerperal Eclampsia,

}

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Pemphigus,

Alcoholism,

Tonsillitis,

Inanition,

Enteritis,

Epilepsy,.

Vesical Calenlus,

Liver Abscess,

Total..................

177

Rupture of Urethra,

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Cirrhosis of Liver,...

Gangrene of Lung,

Mania,.......

Rupture of Spleen,

L'Asile De La Ste. Enfance.

Malignant Disease,

Bronchitis,

Total

917

Causes.

No.

Tubercular Diarhoa,.

Strangulated Hernia..........

Ch. Interstitial Nephritis,

Empyema,

Fracture of Thigh (compound)..

Purpura Hæmorrhagica,

Necrosis of Jaw,

The Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals.

Diarrhoea,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

174

Tuberculosis,

Noma,

Concussion,

Causes.

No.

Tetanus,...

272

Typhoid Fever, ......

I'neumonia,

Debility,

Premature Birth,

Spinal Meningitis,.

Dementia,

Erysipelas,

Beri-beri,

Bright's Disease,

Rheumatism,

Small-pox,

Phthisis,.

Syncope,..

Carbuncle,

Inanition,

Traumatic Tetanus,

Pleurisy,

Nephritis,

Total,

158

Vesical Calculus Haemorrhage,

Gangrene of Leg,

Stricture of Urethra,.

The Tung Wa Hospital.

Vesical Calculus (Nephritis)..

Causes.

No.

Injury of Perineum (Tetanus),

}

Convulsions,

Beri-beri, Bronchitis,

Meningitis,.

Malarial Fever, Epilepsy,

}

Pneumonia,

Phthisis,

Bronchitis,

Heart Disease,

Diphtheria,.

Diarrhoea,

Dysentery,

Malarial Fever.

Beri-beri,

Apoplexy,

Syphilis,

Concussion of Brain,

Debility,....

Scald,

Plague.

224

Compound Fracture of Leg

Heart Disease,

- - 21 ་

Shock,...

Syphilis,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Trismus,

Sarcoma of Orbit,

Splenic Fracture,

Tuberculosis,

Icterus Neonatorum,

Ovarian Tumour,

Dysentery,

Pneumonia,.............

Old Age,

162

Cancer of (Esophagus,

Myeloplegia,

Cancer of Uterus,

Shock,

Dysentery,

Malarial Fever,

Imperforate Anus,...

Septicemia,

Phthisis,

Cancer of Liver,

Carried forward, 701

Carried forward, 38

Carried forward, 784

卤

L'Asile de la Ste. Enfance.

337

RETURN OF DEATHS,—Continued.

Mortuary.

(Continued.) Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

Mortuary.

(Continued.)

Brought forward, 784

Phthisis......

Causes.

No.

Enteritis,

Pneumonia,

Brought forward, 318

Convulsions,

Apoplexy,

Puerperal Fever,

Cholera,

Beri-beri,

Undiagnosed,

Pleurisy and Pneumonia,

Malarial Fever,

Hæmorrhage,

Indiagnosed,.

Diarrhoea,

Scalds,

Heart Disease,

Syphilis,

Total,.........

790

Plague,

Asthma,

Small-pox,

Bronchitis,

Septicæmia,

«2ཏྭཱ 21

Tetanus,

Debility,

Fracture of Skull,

Debility...

Convulsions, Dysentery,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Post Partum Hæmorrhage,

Anæmia,

Premature Birth,

Tuberculosis,

Carried forward, 318

Total,......................... 348

A. W. BREWS,

Registrar General.

Registrar General's Office. Hongkong, 12th February, 1904.

Report of the Sanitary Surveyor, for the

year

1903.

SANITARY BOARD OFFICE, HONGKONG, 25th January, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward herewith my Annual Report for the year

1903.

NEW HOUSE DRAINS.

1. Plans have been deposited and passed by me during the year for the drainage of 263 houses. The plans of 713 houses were carried forward from 1902 making a total of 976 in hand during the year.

2. The drainage of 415 houses has been completed and the plans for 350 have been cancelled leaving 211 to carry forward to 1904.

RE-DRAINAGE AND ADDITIONS.

3. In addition to the above, plans for re-drainage of or additions to the drainage of 94 houses were carried forward from 1902 and new plans have been received for 260 houses making a total of 354 for the year. Of these, 245 have been completed and 51 cancelled, leaving 58 to be carried forward to 1904.

4. A Summary of the above is appended in Tables A. B. & C.

INSPECTION OF PRIVATE HOUSE DRAINS,

5. The drains of 106 houses have been tested and reported on, in consequence of complaints having been received regarding them.

Öf this number, 56 required reconstructing, 28 amending, and the remainder were found to be in order.

Notices were served on the owners of the above 84 houses calling upon them. to execute the necessary work.

Of these, 80 have been complied with and the remaining 4 are in hand. 31,790 houses have been visited by the Drainage Inspectors with the result that 1,878 Drainage Nuisances have been discovered.

Notices have been served in each case, on the owner or occupier, calling upon them to abate the nuisance. All of these have been complied with. 268 nuisances have been referred to the Medical Officer of Health and 343 to the Hon. Director of Public Works to be dealt with by them.

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE HEALTH AND SANITARY CONDITION OF THE COLONY OF HONGKONG, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

No. 22

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

POPULATION.

The estimated population of the Colony for 1903 was 325,631. There were 1,034 births and 6,185 deaths, 1,251 of which were from plague.

The birth-rate was 3.17 per 1,000, as compared with 3.8 per 1,000 in 1902.

The death-rate was 18.9 per 1,000, as compared with 21.7 in 1902.

The following figures will show the comparison of the death-rate in the Chinese and Non-Chinese during the past two years:-

1904

Non-Chinese, Chinese,

1902. 19.00 per 1,000 .21.93

1903. 16.6 per 1,000

19.1

PREVALENCE OF SICKNESS IN THE DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR, AND GENERAL CHARACTER AS TO THE MILDNESS OR SEVERITY

OF THE DISEASES PREVAILING.

Small-pox.-Sixty cases were notified, as compared with 57 in 1902. The greater majority of these, namely 53, occurred in the first five months of the

year. Cholera.-There was a remarkable immunity from cholera as compared with the previour year, only 10 cases being notified, as against 460 in 1902.

Plague. This disease again occurred in an epidemic form, 1,415 cases being notified, as compared with 572 in 1902.

As will be seen from the following table, the outbreak commenced early in the year; it attained its height in the month of May, and, as is usually the case, a marked decline occurred as soon as the mean temperature reached 82." F.

The following table gives the number of cases reported in each month of the last two years :-

January, February,

.....

been

March,

April,

May,...

June,

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

1902.

1903.

115

272

.157

515

..194

343

.131

The especial points of interest in connection with the 1903 outbreak have

(1.) The earlier diagnosis of cases, which has been effected by a modifi- cation of Ross's method of examining microscopically blood films adopted by Dr. BELL of the Government Civil Hospital. As a direct result of this there has been a higher percentage of recov- eries, the cases having come under treatment earlier.

سا

224

(2.) The discovery in May of plague infected fowls, quail, duck, &c., in the markets of the Colony. Knowing as we do that the Chinese eat their poultry very slightly cooked, this may explain the way in which many of the septic cases become infected, viz., through the gastro-intestinal tract.

(3.) The fact that bugs, fleas, &c., including cockroaches, from infected houses have been found by the Government Bacteriologist to be plague infected; thus body-vermin is evidently another means by which the disease is spread.

(4.) The success which has been attained by the internal administration of carbolic acid in large doses-12 grains every 2 hours-in the treatment of this disease.

It is to this and to the fact that cases have come for treatment earlier that the year's death-rate at Kennedy Town Hospital has been the lowest on record since 1894, viz., 60.6 per cent.

Last Summer His Excellency Sir HENRY BLAKE took over a block in the worst district of the city and endeavoured to stamp out plague by securing the cleanliness of the people and of the houses. A report has already been published on this experiment by the Colonial Office.

One practical outcome has been that during the past winter we have secured the hearty co-operation of the people in the general cleansing of the Chinese houses which is now an annual winter measure.

This was done much more thoroughly and expeditiously than before and with a minimum of expense to the Government, the Chinese evidently realising that it was to their interest that this measure should be well done.

Rats. The number of rats caught during the past three years is as follows:-

1901,

1902,

1903,

77,763

.117,839

.101,056

Those caught in 1903 have all been bacteriologically examined at the Public Mortuary, and 3,744 were found to be plague infected.

By far the greater number of these rats were collected in the first half of the year.

Towards the end of June, from information received it became evident that a large number of rats were being imported into the Colony for the bonus. A fresh system was adopted, and although much fewer rats are now caught the greater number of these are caught in houses.

Haffkine's Prophylactic.—352 of the Plague Staff were inoculated, five after- wards developed plague, and two of these died. The inoculations were discontinued in June, as the Government Bacteriologist found the serum to be contaminated. Dr. HUNTER intends making the serum locally next year.

Enteric Fever. At no time was this disease epidemic. Only 14 cases occur- red, as compared with 55 on 1902. Half of these occurred during the first four months of the year, when the water supply was intermittent. Fifteen of these cases were imported.

Malarial Fevers.-The return of deaths from this class of diseases continues to show a decline, the number returned as having occurred amongst the Chinese being 283 in 1903, as against 393 in 1902, and 541 in 1901: a sure sign of the efficacy of the active anti-malarial measures which have been carried on.

Beri-beri. There were fewer deaths from Beri-beri last year, the numbers for the past three years being:--

1901, 1902,

1903.

Deaths from Beri-beri.

..377

.452

...397

Dengue. This disease was not so prevalent as in 1902, only 123 cases being admitted to hospital, as against 422 in the previous year. The èpidemic commenced much later in the year, viz., in August, and was over in October.

225

The following table gives the number of cases of infectious diseases notified

during the year 1903 :—

Plague, Small-pox,

Enteric Fever, Diphtheria,

Puerperal Fever, Scarlet Fever,..

Cholera,

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

450 N

29 115 272 515 343 85

10 5 19

:ལ:

*1){{040)

November.

December.

TOTAL.

221

1.415

୫

1,553

There was a decided diminution in the number of cases of Diphtheria, only 9 being notified in the year, as compared with 20 in 1902.

All the cases of Scarlet Fever occurred in the military amongst those who had recently arrived from England.

RELATIVE MORTALITY IN THE DIFFERENT SEASONS, 1903.

Population --Non-Chinese 18,581; Chinese 307,050,

Rate

Months.

Non- Chinese.

Chinese. per 1,000.

Rate

per 1,000.

Total Deaths.

Total Death excluding Plague and Small-pox.

January,

408

128

422

February,

13.1

391

17.46

408

379

March,

482

507

389

April,

622

650

379

May, June,. July,

24.5

641

-25.32

684

314

681

724

375

458

480

393

August,..

13.9

169

17.83

191

461

September,

442

463

454

October,

499

525

517

November,

14.8.

364

16.8

380

377

December,

418

445

Total,....

310

5,875

6,185

4,905

GENERAL SANITARY CONDITION OF THE COLONY.

The diminution in the death-rate both amongst the Non-Chinese and the Chinese tends to show that the sanitary condition of the Colony is improving.

This is more marked as Plague was much more prevalent in 1903 than in 1902.

The total number of deaths was 598 less in 1903 than in 1902, notwithstand- ing that there were 669 more deaths from Plague in 1903 than in the previous year.

The Public Health and Buildings Bill came into force on the 21st February and will do much to further the better sanitary condition of the Colony.

This Ordinance will not, however, produce an immediate effect, as many of its sections apply to houses hereafter erected and others, such as the cubicle sections, are so far reaching in their application that they must of necessity be enforced gradually.

226

More immediate improvement will be effected by the resumption of the worst insanitary areas, which it is proposed to do by means of a Trust.

It was found necessary to amend the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance, so an amending Ordinance was passed by the Legislature on the 14th December. It effects alterations in some of the definitions and in the cubicle and overcrowding sections so as to render the carrying them into effect more practicable. In this Ordinance also the Principal Civil Medical Officer was appointed President of the Sanitary Board and administrative head of the Sanitary Department.

VACCINATIONS.

The following vaccinations were performed during the

Government Civil Hospital,

Victoria Gaol,..

Alice Memorial Hospital,

Tong Wah:-

Victoria,

Aberdeen,

Stanley,

Shaukiwan,

Kowloon,

year:-

453 .2,887

321

.1.591

Total,.....5,348

RETURNS ACCOMPANYING THIS REPORT.

Attached are the:-

Statistics of Population.

Meteorological Return and the Yearly Return of Diseases and Deaths at

the Government Civil, the Gaol and the Tung Wah Hospitals.

Hongkong, March 16th, 1904.

J. M. ATKINSON,

Principal Civil Medical Officer.

RETURN OF THE STATISTICS OF POPULATION, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Europeans and

Africans, East

Whites including

Indians and

Portuguese and

Malays including

Chinese.

Total.

Number of Inhabitants in 1903,

Births Deaths

Army and Navy.] Indian Troops.

12.771

5,810

307,050

325,631

217

173

137

749 5.875

1,034

6.185

Immigrants,

140,551

Emigrants

83,384

83.384

Inhabitants., 1902,

12,805

Increase, Decrease,

5,719 91

293,300

311,824

13,750

13.841

METEOROLOGICAL RETURN, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Barome-

ter at M.S.L.

Temperature.

Humidity.

Cloud-

iness.

Sun- shine.

Rain.

Wind.

Tel.

Max. Mean. Min.

Ins.

Rei. Abs.

ins. 2. c.

p. c.

hrs.

ins.

Dir. Points.

Ailes P. h.

January,

March,

April,

May,

June,

July,.

30.24 63.0 58.3 54.2 68 0.35 73 107.3 February, 30.27 62.7 58.4 55.1 73 0.37 78 77.2 29.99 70.1 66.3 63.0 89 0.58 88 64.3 29.96 76.8 72.4 68.7 83 0.66 77 $6.6 29.90 79.5 75.4 72.2 87 0.77 85 $2.5 13.96 29.79 86.4 82.0 78.5 82 0.90 29.74 86.2 81.7 78.1

1.37

ENE

11.8

0.21 E by N

12.6

2.655 E

15.0

4.725 E by S

13.2

E by S

13.8

74 151.6 | 25.23

SS W

11.7

0.91

70208.111.16

E by S

11.4

29.93 81.5 November, 30.11 73.8 December, ... 30.17 66.9

August, 29.77 85.8 80.9 77.1 September,... 29.89 82.9 78.6

October,

0.90

69 157.5 14.97

SSW

8.7

75.8

0.82

62165.7

16.535

13.0

76.4 72.2 67.2

0.64

60 | 173.9

1.66 NE by N

13.9

62.1 62 66.1 56.0 56

0.42

40209.2

1.09 NĚ

9.6

0.32

35222.3

0.085 NE by E

12.0

227

RETURN OF ADMISSIONS AND DEATHS IN HONGKONG AT GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL, 1903.

GENERAL DISEASES.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Small-pox,

Chicken-pox,

...

Plague,

Measles, .

....

Dengue Fever,

Influenza,

123

Mumps,

Diphtheria,

Febricula,

Typhoid Fever,

Cholera,

Dysentery,

Beri-beri,

Malarial Fever :-

a. Simple Tertian,.

...

b. Quartan,

c. Malignant,

244

d. Mixed Infection,

Malarial Cachexia,

Sloughing Phagedœna,

Pyæmia,

Septicemia,

Puerperal Fever,

Tubercle,

Leprosy,.

...

Syphilis (a) Primary,

...

(b) Constitutional,

Gonorrhoea,

....

sites,

Actinomycosis,

Diseases dependent on Animal Para-

Effects of Vegetable Poisons,

Effects of Heat,

Scurvy,

Alcoholism,

...

.......

Delirium Tremens,

Rheumatism,

100

Gout,

...

Cyst,

New Growth, non-malignant,

malignant,

Rickets,

Anomia,.

Congenital malformations,

Debility,

Local Diseases :-

Diseases of the Nervous System,

Eye,

Ear,.

Nose,

29.

Circulatory System,

Respiratory System,

194

Digestive System,...

252

Lymphatic System,

Carried forward,.

1,954

110

228

RETURN OF ADMISSIONS AND DEATHS IN HONGKONG AT THE GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL, 1903,-Continued.

DISEASES.

ADMISSIONS.

Brought forward,

Local Diseases,—Contd.

1,954

Diseases of the Urinary System,

DEATHS.

110

Male Organs,

Female Organs,

Organs of Locomo-

tion,

122

Connective Tissue,:

...

Skin,

Injuries,.

442

Under Obervation....

Total,

2,791

142

J. BELL,

Supt., Government Civil Hospital.

RETURN OF ADMISSIONS AND DEATHS IN HONGKONG AT THE TUNG WAH HOSPITAL, 1903.

DISEASES.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Measles,

Small-pox,

----

Dengue Fever,

Diphtheria,

Mumps,

Cholera,

N N N SO

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Dysentery,

Plague,

303

Malarial Fever, (a) Benign Tertian,.

(b) Quartan,

105

Malarial Cachexia,

Beri-beri,

277

170

Erysipelas,

Septicæmia,

Puerperal Fever,

Leprosy,

Tuberculosis, General,

Tetanus,

Syphilis (a) Primary,

(b) Constitutional,

Rheumatism,

New Growth, Malignant,

Anæmia,.

Debility,

Local Diseases :-

Diseases of the Nervous System, ..

Eye,

Brought forward,........

1,159

421

ན

་

229

RETURN OF ADMISSIONS AND DEATHS IN HONGKONG AT THE TUNG WAH HOSPITAL, 1903,—Continued.

DISEASES.

DEATHS.

ADMISSIONS.

Brought forward,

1.159

421

Local Diseases,-Contd.

Diseases of the Circulatory System,

107

Respiratory

473

318

Digestive

144

Lymphatic

Urinary

Generative

Organs of Locomotion,

Connective Tissue,

Skin,.

222

Poison-Opium,

Injuries.....

Midwifery Cases,

212

...

Total,..

2,457

889

W. V. M. KOCH, Inspecting Medical Officer.

RETURN OF ADMISSIONS AND DEATHS IN HONGKONG AT VICTORIA GOAL HOSPITAL, 1903.

DISEASES.

Plague,

Influenza,

Dysentery,

Beri-beri,

Malarial Fevers,

Erysipelas,

Syphilis, (a) Primary,

(b) Secondary,

Alcoholism,

Rheumatism,

New Growth, Non-malignant,

Anæmia,..

Debility,

Local Diseases :—

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

...

Diseases of the Nervous System,

Circulatory

Respiratory

Digestive

Lymphatic

Urinary

...

Connective Tissue,

...

Organs of Locomotion,

Injuries,

Under Observation,

Total,

278

568

W. V. M. Koch, Medical Officer to the Gaol.

L'Asile de la Ste. Enfance.

337

RETURN OF DEATHS,—Continued.

Mortuary:

(Continued.) Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

Brought forward, 784

Phthisis,.....

Enteritis,

Pneumonia,

Mortuary.

(Continued.)

Causes.

Brought forward,

No.

Convulsions,

Apoplexy,

Puerperal Fever,

Cholera,

Beri-beri,

Undiagnosed,

Pleurisy and Pneumonia,

Malarial Fever,

Hæmorrhage,

Undiagnosed,

Diarrhoea,

Scalds,

Heart Disease,

Syphilis,

Total,......

790

Plague,

Convulsions,

318

Asthma,

Dysentery,

Small-pox,

Tubercular Meningitis,

Bronchitis,

Marasmus and Atrophy,

Septicæmia,

Post Partum Hæmorrhage,

Tetanus,

Anæmia,.

Debility,

Premature Birth,

Fracture of Skull,

Debility,

Tuberculosis,

Total,....................... 348

Carried forward, 318

Registrar General's Office, Hongkong, 12th February, 1904.

A. W. BREWN,

Registrar General.

1903.

Report of the Sanitary Surveyor, for the year 1903.

SANITARY Board Office, HONGKONG, 25th January, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward herewith my Annual Report for the year

NEW HOUSE DRAINS.

1. Plans have been deposited and passed by me during the year for the drainage of 263 houses. The plans of 713 houses were carried forward from 1902 making a total of 976 in hand during the year.

2. The drainage of 415 houses has been completed and the plans for 350 have been cancelled leaving 211 to carry forward to 1904.

RE-DRAINAGE AND ADDITIONS.

4. A Summary of the above is appended in Tables A. B. & C.

INSPECTION OF PRIVATE HOUSE DRAINS.

5. The drains of 106 houses have been tested and reported on, in consequence of complaints having been received regarding them.

Of this number, 56 required reconstructing, 28 amending, and the remainder

were found to be in order.

Notices were served on the owners of the above 84 houses calling upon them to execute the necessary work.

Of these, 80 have been complied with and the remaining 4 are in hand. 31,790 houses have been visited by the Drainage Inspectors with the result that 1,878 Drainage Nuisances have been discovered.

338

1,705 choked drain traps on private property have been cleansed by the Drainage Foremen.

WATER-CLOSETS AND URINALS.

6. During the past year, water-closets and urinals have been erected in the following buildings, by permission of the Board, and with the exception of those at the Docks, have been connected to the public sewers :-

"Stag Hotel," 150 Queen's Road Central,... "Club Germania," Kennedy Road,

Water-closets.

Urinals.

Hongkong Club Annex, Chater Road,

Hongkong & Whampoa Dock, Hung Hom, .15

I. L. 1,633, Magazine Gap Road,

15, Connaught Road Central,

12, Des Voeux Road Central,

NEW BUILDINGS,

7. Certificates have been granted during the year under section S4 of Ordinance 13 of 1901, for 407 houses, certifying that they have been built in accordance with the entire provision of that Ordinance. This is 491 less than were certified in 1902. (See Table C.)

CEMETERIES.

8. The whole of the bodies dead of plague during the year, have been buried in Cheung Sha Wan Cemetery.

There is room for about 40 bodies in Kennedy Town Cemetery, but I think it advisable to reserve that space for any emergency that may arise.

25 new terraces have been formed in Mount Davis Cemetery, viz., 12 in Section A, 6 in B, and 7 in C.

9 new terraces have been formed in Mount Caroline Cemetery, viz., 8 in Section A, and 1 in Section B.

PROSECUTIONS.

9. The following is a return of the prosecutions instructed by me during the year:-

Offences.

Summonses. Convictions. Penalties.

Fictions

Remarks,

Drainage Nuisances on private premises,. Failure to comply with order of Magis-

trates,

151

143

$1,062

11 withdrawn.

658

Contravention of Sec. 84 of Ord. 13 of

1901,

140

Contravention of Sec. 191 of Ord. 1 of

1903,

Contravention of the Drainage Bye-laws,

# |:3

=F t2

100

195

184

$2,005

I have, &c.,

The Secretary, SANITARY BOARD.

Jos. J. BRYAN,

Sanitary Surveyor.

Year.

339

Table A.

Drainage and Re-drainage.

Houses drained. Cancelled.

Total.

Received.

In hand.

Carried for-

1st Quarter, 2nd

ward from

3rd

1902,

4th

103

346

270

347

617

713

1st Quarter,

2nd

1903,

3rd

4th

تان

145

148

263

115

Total,

Year.

415

350

765

976

211

Completed.

Table B.

Repairs and Additions.

Cancelled.

Total.

Received.

In hand.

Carried for-

1st Quarter,

2nd

ward from

3rd

1902.

4th

1st Quarter,

2nd

1903,

3rd

4th

190

202

260

Total,

245

296

354

Table C.

Year.

Plans received. Houses drained.

Cancelled.

Houses carried forward.

Certificates

granted.

1889,

1890,

799

573

226

175

500

529

190

409

1891,

681

643

198

475

1892,

693

577

106

208

228

1893,

847

699

104

252

219

1894,

878

555

267

1895,

2,815

1,889

1,449

131

1896,

1,786

2,128

1,023

425

1897,

803

1,201

590

400

1898,

738

768

463

367

1899,

416

395.

464

310

1900.

643

323

741

320

1901,

1,051

715

1,021

796

1902.

432

726

713-

898

1903,

263

415

350

211

407

Total,

13,345

12,136

998

5.606

340

Report of the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, for the year 1903.

SANITARY BOARD OFFICES,

HONGKONG, 18th May, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to submit for the information of the Board the fol- lowing report for the year 1903.

Importation of Live Stock.

Cattle have been plentiful throughout the year. There appears to be no difficulty in obtaining a regular supply of useful bullocks from the mainland. The imported cattle have been of good quality. The majority of the imported animals are only housed prior to shipment to the Philippine Islands. The export trade has been brisk all the year.

The animal

One case of Anthrax occurred at the Depôts during the year. was found dead in the morning and no reliable history could be got. premises were cleansed and disinfected and no other case occurred.

The

Cases of Foot-and-mouth Disease have occurred during the year. This discase as seen among pure Chinese cattle assumes an exceedingly mild form. There is no systemic disturbance and the only lesion is seen on the tongue. fact so mild is the disease that there is reason to believe that many cases entirely escape notice. By systematic cleansing and disinfection the disease never became at all serious.

In June a serious epidemic of a Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia appeared. A special grant was given by Government for the investigation of this disease. A preliminary investigation was undertaken by the Government Bacteriologist and myself and the result of this enquiry is the subject of a separate report which has already been submitted to Government.

The total number of cattle admitted to the Depôts at Kennedy Town during the year was 57,693, an increase on the previous year of 19,162. At Hung Hom 6,397 were admitted as against 5,065 of the former year. At Kennedy Town 37 cattle were rejected as unfit for food as against 652 in 1902. This figure is significant of a better class of cattle being inported since the chief cause of rejection is emaciation. At Hung Hom 406 were rejected as unfit. The greater number of these rejections occurred in the early part of the year and the explanation seems to be that many of the cattle which the owners knew well would be rejected at Kennedy Town as unfit were taken to Hung Hom and also to the fact that many of them were rejected there more than once, i. e., they were rejected and taken away and brought back again after a month or so and again rejected.

At Kennedy Town 34,410 sheep and goats were admitted, an increase of 1,746 on the previous year. Swine for 1903 show a decrease of 16,579 since 169,017 were admitted. This decrease is difficult to account for in a satis- factory manner. The numbers dealt with during the first nine months of the year showed an increase on the first nine months of the previous year but there was a marked falling off during October, November and December. This may tie due to the fact that there was a considerable rise in the price of pork at that bme. It is noteworthy that with the rise in price of pork there seems to be an in- creased demand for beef by Chinese and for facilities for selling beef.

A considerable increase in the housing accommodation has been provided. new upper floor to one of the sheds in the sheep and swine depôt was finished at the beginning of the year and occupied on the 15th of January. The first section of new cattle sheds was commenced in March and was taken over in November. Lean-to sheds round part of the old cattle depôt have also been erected, thus giving much more room for housing cattle. The second section of the cattle sheds was commenced in October and at the end of the year was well advanced,

HONGKONG.

No.

1904

STERLING SALARIES SCHEME.

LIST OF APPOINTMENTS INCLUDED.

1904.

REMARKS.

STERLING SALARY SCHEME AS APPROVED BY C. O. D. 171 OF 1902 AND SUBSEQUENT DESPATCHES.

OFFICE.

300

Non-pensionable. Conveyance Allowance, $360.

300

Do.

Do.,

$360.

PRESENT SALARY.

SALARY IN STERLING.

Minimum.

Increase. Maximum.

Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

-€9

C+

GOVERNOR,

Private Secretary,

Aide-de-Camp,

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S DEPARTMENT,-

Colonial Secretary,..

Assistant Colonial Secretary,.

Chief Clerk,

10,800

1,600

4,800

300ш

5,400

600

720

500 20(annually)|

600

1,800

1,500

300

350

225

C.O.D. 413 of 1901. Prize Appointment, C.O.D.399 of 1903.

Local Auditor,

Clerk,

4,800

300mm

5,400

660

720

1,500

200

...

TREASURY,--

Colonial Treasurer,..

6,000

600μI

7,200

800

100

1,000

Assessor of Rates,

3,600

300μ

4,200

540

600

Cashier,

240

300

...

Conveyance Allowance, $360.

Prize Appointment, C.O.D. 399 of 1903.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,-

Director of Public Works,

7,200

600

7,800

1,000

100

1,200

Conveyance Allowance, $480

Assistant Director of Public Works,

4,800

300HI

5,400

720

810

Do.

$360.

Passed Cadet,

Unpassed Cadet,

AUDIT DEPARTMENT,---

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,-Continued.

PRESENT SALARY,

SALARY IN STERLING.

OFFICE.

Minimum. Increase. Maximum.

Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

REMARKS.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,-Contd.

2 Executive Engineers,.

4,200

300ш

1,800

Conveyance Allowance I at $360 and $216 and 1 at $360.

3,000

300

3,600

480

600

Do.,

$360 each.

6 Assistant

2 Junior

2,400

300ш

3,000

360

480

Do.,

(Local),

1,800

300m

2,400

270

330

Do.,

Principal Land Surveyor,

2,400

360

480

Do.,

2 Land Surveyors, ..

...

2,400

300

360

Do.,

Land Bailiff,

2,100

260

300

DO.,

3 at $360 and 3 at $244 each.

1 at $244 and 1 at $180.

$360.

1 at $360 and 1 at $244.

$360.

Superintendent of Accounts, Corres- pondence and Stores,

3,000

300ш

3,600

480

600

Do.,

$180.

Clerk of Works,

330

Do.,

300

DO.,

12 First Class Overseers,

varying from $1,500 to $1,800

210

250

Do.,

$180. C.O.D. 173 of 1902.

$180. C.O.D. 70 of 1903.

9 at $270, 2 at $180 and 1 at $144.

12 Second

Meter Reader,..

varying from $1,200 to $1,440

160

200

Do.,

6 at $270 and 6 at $180.

960

120

150

Do.,

$180.

C.O.D. 235 of 1903.

720

110

Do.,

$180.

Custodian, Recreation Ground,.

720

100

120

C.O.D. 163 of 1902.

...

POST OFFICE,--

Postmaster General,.

Assistant Postmaster General,

4,800

300111

5,400

600

720

3,000

420

540

Conveyance Allowance, $312.

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,-Continued.

PRESENT SALARY.

SALARY IN STERLING.

OFFICE.

Minimum.

Increase. Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

قت

POST OFFICE,-- Contd.

REMARKS

Superintendent Money Order Office,

2,160

60 !!

2,400

280

355

Postmaster, Shanghai,

3,000

360

Senior Clerk, Shanghai,,

Senior Clerk,

1,800

60 II

2,100

230

1,800

60 II

2,100

230

NO NO CO

480

280

Prize Appointment, C.O.D. 399 of 1903.

Free quarters.

Prize Appointment, C.O.D. 399 of 1903.

Superintendent Registration & Parcels Branch,

Superintendent of Mails,

230

280

Do.

230

280

Do.

— 77 —

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT,-

Registrar General,

6,000

600шI

7,200

800

100

1,000

Conveyance Allowance, $360.

Assistant Registrar General,

3,600

300μ

4,200

420

540

HARBOUR MASTER'S DEPARTMENT,—

Harbour Master,....

4,800

300

6,000

780

900

Conveyance Allowance as Supt. of Imports & Exports, $180.

Assistant Harbour Master,

3,000

300ш

3,600

480

540

First Boarding Officer,

2,220

300

House Allowance, $420.

Second Boarding Officer,

2,040

240

280

Do.

Marine Surveyor,

3,600

3001

4,200

540

660

Assistant Marine Surveyor,

2,400

300

3,000

360

420

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,-Continued.

PRESENT SALARY.

SALARY IN STERLING.

REMARKS.

OFFICE.

Minimum. Increase. Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

HARBOUR MASTER'S DEPT.,-Contd.

Second Assistant Marine Serveyor,

Light-keeper, Green Island,

Gap Rock,

Senior Assistant Light-keeper, Gap Rock,

Junior

Light-keeper, Waglan,

Senior Assistant Light-keeper, Waglan,

Junior

Master of “Stanley”,

Officer in Charge Gunpowder Depôt,

Inspector of Junks,

OBSERVATORY,—

2,700

360

420

1,500

250

Free Quarters.

1,800

250

Do.

1,740

220

240

Do.

1,680

220

240

Do.

...

1,620

250

Do.

1,560

220

240

Do.

1,500

220

240

Do.

...

1,800

200

250

Do.

on board the "Stanley."

2,040

240

280

Do.

...

1,320

168

1.80

Do.

Director,

3,000

300111

3,600

420

540

Free quarters.

Chief Assistant,

2,100

300

2,700

360

420

First

1,800

300m

2,400

270

360

BOTANICAL & AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT,-

Superintendent,

3,000

300ш

3,600

500

620

Free quarters.

Assistant Superintendent,

1,920

270

360

No House Allowance.

www.

OFFICE.

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,-Continued.

REMARKS.

PRESENT SALARY.

SALARY IN STERLING.

Minimum.

Increase. Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

C+?

1,200

210

250

No House Allowance.

BOTANICAL & AFFORESTATION DEPT., Contd.

Assistant for New Territory,

JUDICIAL AND LEGAL DEPARTMENTS,-

Chief Justice,

Puisne Judge,

Registrar,

13,500

...

2,000

8,400

1,300

4,800

300μ

5,400

600

720

Deputy Registrar and Appraiser,

4,536

420

540

Accountant,

3,600

300шI

4,200

420

540

Chief Interpreter,

3,600

440

500

Personal Allowance,

...

480

First Bailiff,

Second Bailiff,

1,800

60 II

2,100

240

300

1,200

60 II

1,500

160

200

Land Officer,

Assistant Land Officer,

Assistant Land Officer for New Territory,.

Attorney General,

Crown Solicitor,

Third Bailiff,

5,400

600

780

3,600

440

500

3,600

440

500

1,500

4,200

600

840

60 Д

1,080

100.

140

Conveyance Allowance, $360. Free quarters.

Non-pensionable.

On appointment of a European.

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,-Continued.

PRESENT SALARY.

SALARY IN STERLING.

OFFICE.

REMARKS.

Minimum.

Increase. Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

€9-

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT,--

Inspector of Schools,

4,800

300m

5,400

600

720

Conveyance Allowance, $360.

Head Mistress, Belilios Public School,

2,400

300шI

3,000

360

480

First Assistant,

1,620

24001

2,100

220

280

Second Assistant,

1,380

240ш

1,860

180

240

Master, Kowloon School,

360

480

Mistress, Kowloon School,.

120

160

On completion of probation of 3 years at £330 per annum. On completion of probation of 3 years at £90 per annum.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE,——

Head Master,

4,800

300m

5,400

660

720

Second Master,

3,600

300шI

4,200

540

600

Senior Assistant Master,

2,400

300m

3,000

360

480

Junior

1,800

300μ

2,400

270

360

BELILIOS REPORMATORY,-

Master,

...

Assistant Master,

225

285

...

150

200

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT,-

Principal Civil Medical Officer,

7,200

600III

7,800

800

100

1,000

Conveyance Allowance, $360.

Health Officer of Port,

2,400

300μ

3,000

360

Private practice allowed.

Second Health Officer of Port,

480

720

...

No private practice.

་ན

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,-Continued.

PRESENT SALARY,

SALARY IN STERLING.

OFFICE.

REMARKS.

Minimum.

Increase. Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT,-Contd.

Assistant Surgeons,

3,600

300шI

4,200

480

720

450

520

Government Analyst,

2,400

300ш

3,000

360

420

Assistant Analyst and Apothecary,

250

300

Accountant, &c.,

1,800

60 ir

2,100

240

300

Free quarters.

Matron,

1,200

601

1,500

150

200

Do.

European Sisters,

840

60 I

1,080

110

150

Do.

Free quarters if available.

House Allowance of $720 per annum. (C.O.D. 138 of 1902), & Conveyance Allowance, $270. Free quarters.

New appointment. Free quarters. (C.O.D. No. 155 of 1902.)

Matron & Sisters Conveyance Allowance, $840.

One Sister draws a Light and Fuel Allowance of $84 per annum.

(C,O.D. No. 1 of 1903.)

Wardmasters,

110

150

Do.

Wardmaster, Kennedy Town Hospital,

110

130

Do.

European Probationers,....

Chinese Medical Officer,

480

600

Light and Fuel Allowance of $84 per annum. (C.O.D. No. 67 of 1902).

No allowance for rations, light or fuel.

120

180

BACTERIOLOGICAL SUB-DEPARTMENT,-

Government Bacteriologist,

Laboratory Assistant,..... Bacteriological Asssistant,

MAGISTRACY,-

Police Magistrate,

:..

Conveyance Allowance, $384.

140

200

500

50 (annually.)

600

Conveyance Allowance, $360.

120

រ

180

Conveyance Allowance, $120.

120

180

6,000

600m

7,200

800

100

1,000

Conveyance Allowance (as Coroner), $180.

These salaries include all allowances

for rations, light and fuel.

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,- Continued.

PRESENT SALARY.

SALARY IN STERLING.

REMARKS.

OFFICE.

Minimum.

Increase. Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

MAXimum.

MAGISTRACY,--Contd.

Second Police Magistrate,....

4,800

300

5,400

600

720

First Clerk,.

2,160

60 11

2,400

360

420

Free quarters. Prize appointment, C.O.D. 399 of 1903.

POLICE,-

Captain Superintendent,

6,000

600μ

7,200

800

100

1,000

Deputy

3,600

300шI

4,200

600

720

Free quarters or allowance in lieu. Conveyance Allowance, $360.

Free quarters. Conveyance Allowance, $360.

Assistant

2,400

300ш

3,000

420

540

Do.

$360.

420

540

Do.

$360.

Chief Inspector,

Chief Detective Inspector,

Inspector, First Class,.

Second Class,...

2,016

300

360

Conveyance Allowance, $285.

Third Class,

Sergeant,....

Lance Sergeant,

Constable,

Assistant Engineer, Fire Brigade,

Armourer Sergeant,

: :

2,016

300

360

Do.

do. $285. C.O.D. 296 of 1903.

1,632

220

240

1,320

200

Conveyance Allowance. C.O.D. 216 of 1902.

1,152

180

Do.

do.

864

140

160

762

120

130

720

100

120

1,296

216

240

With married quarters. (C.O.D. 394 of 1903).

225

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,-Continued.

PRESENT SALARY.

SALARY IN STERLING.

OFFICE.

Minimum.

Increase. Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

GAOL,-Contd.

Assistant Superintendent,

2,400

300m

3,000

360

420

Free quarters.

Chief Warder,

1,680

48 I

1,820

240

300

Do.

Clerk and Storekeeper,

1,200

60 II

1,800

160

200

Do.

Principal Warder,

1,140

48 I

1,380

168

6 (annually.)

204

Do.

Warder,

840

48 1

1,180

12 (annually.)

144

Do.

SANITARY DEPARTMENT,

人

REMARKS.

Secretary,

Assistant Secretary,

Medical Officer of Health,

Assistant Medical Officers of Health,

3,600

300

4,200

420

540

2,400

3001

3,000

360

450

3,600

300

4,200

480

720

No House Allowance. Conveyance Allowance, $360.

3,600

300

4,200

480

720

(2)

480

Colonial Veterinary Surgeon,

3,600

300m

4,200

480

Sanitary Surveyor,......

3,000

300ш

3,300

360

Senior Sanitary Inspectors, .

1,800

12011

2,040

300

Plague Inspectors,..........

1,800

120 1

2,040

270

N N & H

720

Do.

do.

$270.

600

Conveyance Allowance, $360.

420

340*

Conveyance Allowance, $180.

310

Do.

First Class Sanitary Inspector,

1,440

1,560

250

5 (annually.)

270*

Second,,

1,080

601

1,320

200

230*

Do.

* Officers who occupy free quarters will draw £32 per an-

num less.

Third

900

60 I

1,200

170

215*

STERLING SALARY SCHEME,-Continued.

PRESENT SALARY.

SALARY IN STERLING.

OFFICE.

REMARKS.

Minimum.

Increase. Maximum. Minimum.

Increase

Triennial.

Maximum.

SANITARY DEPARTMENT,-Contd.

Inspector of Markets, Victoria,...

1,080

601

1,320

195

5 (annually.)

230*

Conveyance Allowance, $360.

Kowloon,

1,080

601

1,320

195

Do.

230*

Do.,

$180.

Overseer, Central Market,..

720

110

Free quarters.

Protestant Cemetery,......

540

Do.

Drainage Works,.

840

130

Senior Inspector of Depôts,

1,800

120ш

2,040

270

300

First Class Inspector of Depôts,

1,440

60 I

1,560

250

5 (annually.)

270*

VOLUNTEERS,-

Free quarters.

* Officers who occupy free quarters will draw £32 per annum less.

Commandant,

Corps Sergeant-Major,

750

Non-pensionable.

2,100

100 I

2,400

280

10 (annually)

320

I signifies an annual increment, II a biennial and III a triennial one.

- 84

{

}

No.

1904

No. 12.

HONGKONG.

RETURNS OF THE SUBORDINATE COURT, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

MAGISTRACY,

HONGKONG, 12th February, 1904.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward herewith the usual Annual Returns for the year 1903 :—

1. List of Offences.

2. Abstract of Cases during the year.

3. Comparative Return of Cases for the past ten years.

The Honourable

THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY.

I have, &c.,

T. SERCOMBE SMITH,

Police Magistrate.

}

T. SERCOMBE SMITH, Police Magistrate.

NUMBER OF MALE AND FEMALE PRISONERS

TOTAL

NUMBER

TOTAL

NUMBER

PRISON.

ASI S.

ERS.

Convicted

Punished.

Discharged.

for Trial at

Committed

the Supreme

Court.

to Frison, or

Committed

Detained

pending Orders

of H. E. the

Governor.

Ordered to find Security.*

krep the

Peace.

૦૧ ૦,

of good

Beha-

viour.

To answer any Charge.

punished for

Witnesses

preferring False Charge or giving wilful False

Testimony.

Undecided.

ABSTRACT of CASES under Cognizance of the POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURT during the Year 1903. CASES HOW DISPOSED OF, AND THE UNDER EACH HEAD.

WRITS ISSUED BY THE POLICE MAGISTRATES DURING THE YEAR 1903.

Warrants.

Total

of Number

Prisoners.

for Summons

Defendants.

Sum in ons

for

Witnesses.

of Notices Re-hearing.

Arrest.

Distress

!.....

Search.

For

entering

Gambling

Houses.

Magis- trates' Orders.

TOTAL.

M. | F.

F. M.

4,268

16,442 12

906

553 2,104 167

16-4

163

...

266 22 15,668|

774

4,152

267

1,863

269

6,658

.16,442

Magistracy, Hongkong, 12th February, 1904.

TOTAL MALES AND FEMALES,

Consisting of Offenders not sentenced to Imprisonment. -

218-

219

THE CASES CONSISTED OF:-

OFFENCES.

Arms Consolidation Ordinances. 8 of 1895 and 14 of 1895,

9 of 1900 and 35 of 1900,-

Ammunition-Being in possession of,

Arms-arrying or having possession of, without a

licence,

-Sale Book, Failing to enter the names, &c. of

purchaser in- (Sec. 14), .

-Failing to furnish return to C. S. P....

Bribery and certain other misdemeanors punishment

Ordinance, 3 of 1898,—

Offering or accepting a bribe by a public servant. Banishment and Conditional Pardous Ordinance, 8 of

1882.-

Banishment-Returning after,

Building Ordinances, 1 of 1903 and 23 of 19· 3.—

Breach of Regulations made under-By allowing

matshed latrine in a dirty condition, Blasting stones to the danger of Persons and Pro-

perty,

Building―rainous & dangerous condition of,

Cutting earth, or turf, and extracting stones from

Crown Land,.

Ground Surface-Failing to concrete..

Hoardings and Scaffoldings-Neglecting to erect

during repair of Buildings,

Encroachment on Crown Land,

No. of CASES.

No. of PRI-

SONERS.

OFFENCES.

Brought forward,..

Employers and Servants Ordinance, 45 of 1902,

Breach of,

Forgery Ordinance, 6 of 1865,—

Forged instruments-Obtaining goods or money by, Forged documents-Uttering, with intent to de-

fraud.

Document-Forging, with intent to defraud,

Forts Protection Ordinance. 10 of 1891,—

Battery, Fieldwork, or Fertification-Entering with-

nut a written permit,

Foreign Enlistment Act, 1870,—

Offences under.........

52 Fugitive Offenders Act, 1881,- Offences under..........

Common Gaming House-Keeping, or playing in, Lotteries-Dealing in,.

[Gambling Ordinance, 7 of 1891.—

Announcing the result of,

19 2

69 1993

Street Gambling.

Watchmen to Street Gamblers-Acting as....

94 [Good Order and Cleanliness (rdinance, 14 of 1845,—

Animals-ruelty to.

Bonfire-Making,.

Breach of the Peace.

Cattle turned loose on public ways,

Inflammable Structures-Erecting, without permis-

sion of the Director of Public Works,

Disorderly behaviour,

Plans of Building-Neglecting to submit, to the

Director of Public Works,

Notices of D. P. W.--- Failing to comply. .

Books-Registration of, Ordinance No. 10 of 1888,

Breach of,

Bankruptey Ordinance 1891. Section 52 Sub-sec. 5a. Cattle Diseases Ordinances, 1 of 1903 and 23 of 19.8,-

Cattle-Landing at prohibited wharf, &c.,

-Failing to report arrival of,

Carcase of Animal-Digging after burial,

Pigs-Keeping, in a way which caused needless or

Dead Body, exposing in the public streets,

Dogs-Allowing unmuzzled ferocious, to be at large,

-Inciting. to attack persons, &c.,

Firearms-Discharge to the danger of the Public, Furious driving,

Indecent exposure of person by bathing, or other-

Nuisance-Allowing dirt and filth, etc., to remain

matter into the public side channel,

Nuisances-Throwing rubbish, etc., into the Streets, Obstruction of Roads and Streets by Hawkers and

wise.

exposed,

Nuisances-Discharging sewage water and offensive

No. of CASES.

No. of PRI- SONERS.

* 2 *-

862

176

494

914

-Cleaning in unauthorised place,

143

avoidable suffering to them,

Shopkeepers,

1,170 1,170

Slaughter-houses, &c.-Slaughtering animals except

Offensive weapons, etc.-)

-Being in possession of, for

in,

unlawful purpose.........

Chinese Extradition Ordinance, 26 of 1889,-

Chinese Territory-Crimes and Offences committed

in.

Public Health and Building Ordinance, No. 1 of 1903 &

23 of 1903,-

Backyards-Neglecting to keep, clear of obstruction, Basement floors-Inhabiting,

Cocklofts and Mezzanine floor-Allowing to remain,. Cubicles-Breach of Regulations for,

Domestic building-Not having Impermeable floors

provided,

Dead Bodies-Breach of Regulations for removal of

(suffering from Infectious disease)....

Stones-Throwing to danger of the public,

Unlawful possession of property,

Gunpowder and Fireworks Ordinance, 1 of 1848 and 20

of 1901,-

Breach of, Manufacture and Storage of,

Fireworks-Enposing for sale in uncovered case,. Kellet Island Ordinance, 12 of 1898,—

Vessels not to anchor or loiter within 50 yards of, Land Court-Failing to appear in (27 of 1901),

1 Accessories and Abettors Ordinance, 5 of 1865,—

Offences under,............. Ordinance, No. 26 of 1902,——

of trees, shrubs, etc.,

552

633

****

A G

Houses Neglecting to cleanse and limewash. Open space-Neglecting to provide an-in the rear

of building,

226

Premises-Neglecting to keep in clean and whole-

some condition.....

Possession of property stolen outside the Colony,... Larceny and Other Similar Offences Ordinance, 7 of 1865-

Burglary, Embezzlement.

272

Windows, &c.--Obstruction,

Coinage Offences Ordinance, 10 of 1865,-

Counterfeit Coins-Uttering, or being in possession

of,

Common Law,—

False pretences-Obtaining, or attempting to obtain,

goods or money by, .

Felony Attempting to commit,

Breaking out from a Store after comitting a, -Breaking into a house and committing a---|

therein,

** 22-

****+

Conspiracy to accuse of Crime,

Gross Indecency (3 of 1901),..

Perjury, (Ordinance No. 2 of 1889 Sec. 49),

Suicide Attempting to commit.

Larceny as a bailer,

Dangerous Goods Ordinances. 8 of 1873 and 8 of 1892,~

Dangerous Goods-Boat not anchoring in Dangerous

Goods ground,

-Common,

-from a dwelling house,

221

-from the person..

from the person with violence,

-Found in Dwelling house, etc.. by night.

with intent to commit,

Housebreaking.

1,466 1,612

101

109

Dangerous Goods-Carrying, uncovered in boat, Dangerous Goods-Conveying or exposing for Sale, without attaching labels to cases or vessels con- taining the same,

Danger ns Goods-Ships, &c. neglecting to hoist a

Red Flag when laden with,

Dangerous Goods-Storing without a licence.

-Soldering-Contrary to licence... -Unlicensed possession of.... -Ships, &c., not exhibiting red

light,

Dogs Ordinance, 9 of 1893,-

Dogs-Unlicensed keeping of,

Defamation and Libel Ordinance, 5 of 1887.-

Fublishing a certain false libel,

-from Ships or boats in the Harbour,

of cattle or other animals,

—of fruit or vegetable production in Garden, Menaces-Demanding money by..

612

127-2013

Robbery from the person,

with violence,

Stolen goods-Receiving,

CERE

5 Licensing Consolidation Ordinance, 21 of 1887,—

Hawker failing to sweep and remore refuse caused

by their trade.

Chinese undertakers—unlicensed,

ལས

Hawker's Licence-Failing to produce,

Hawking within the prescribed limits of Market................

275

l'ublic Vehicles-Breach of Bye-laws for Quarry

Eating House Ordinance, 24 of 1898,-

Breach of,

Bay,

647

Extradition Acts of 1870 and 1873,-

Offences under,..

Public Vehicles—Breach of Regulations, not having

a scale of fare attached to the Licence Board, Public Vehicles-Lo.-Not properly equipped.......

Carried forward......

1,282 1,325

Carried forward,...

5,9297.489

OFFENCES.

.་

Brought forward......

Licensing Consolidation Ordinance, 21 of 1887,- Contd.

Public Vehicles-Demanding more than legal fare.....

གྲྭ

-Carrying no lights between sunset

and sunrise.

-Obstruction of streets by,

220

CASES, Continued.

No, OF

PRI-

SONERS.

NO. OF CASES.

1,282 1,325

440

-Refusing to accept hire when un-

employed,

-Refusing to complete journey,

•

Refusing to pay fare of,

-Stand-Taking up-unauthorised

by C. S. P.,

-Unlicensed, plying with,

-Using, for conveyance of merchan- dise, or dead bodies or persons suffering from infectious diseases. Drivers of Unlicensed

using insulting language or

misbehaviour..

Failing to deliver property

left in,

Magistrate's Ordinance, 10 of 1890,-

In-keeper-Refusing to supply victuals, Disorderly behaviour while drunk,

Drunkenness,

༤ མི རྒྱུ %

440

.74

OFFENCES.

Brought forward.......

Merchant Shipping Consolidation Ordinances, 36 of 1899.

31 of 1901 and 2 of 1903.—Continued. Ships, etc.-Anchorage or Harbour-Leaving with-

out Clearance or during prohibited hours. Ships, etc.-Lights-Neglecting to exhibit at night, Ships, etc.-Master of-Neglecting to report on ar-

rival,

No. of

PRI-

CASES.

SONERS.

5,9297,489

151

Ships, etc.-Not having certificated Master, Ships, etc.-Passengers-Carrying, in excess... Steam Launch-Exhibiting side lights not fitted with in board screens between sunset and sun- rise...

Steam Launch-Failing to exhibit light in a con-

spicuous place.

157

Steam Whistles-Uunecessarily blowing.

Telegraph Cables-Anchoring within the limits of

area of.

Wharves-Embarking passengers at prohibited,

-Obstruction of, by boat people,

Damages to Lights, Buoys, etc..

1 Morphine Ordinance, 13 of 1893,—

22O7

*+ 222-

154

Breach of,

146

False Charge-Preferring-or wilfully giving false

146 Marriage Ordinance, No. 14 of 1875.

Breach of,

evidence,

Falsification of Account. etc. with intent to defraud,

(Ordinace 7 of 1890),

9 Maintenane Ordinance, No. 10 of 1869.—

Breach of regulation for non-removal of obstrustions

in the street by hawker,

Naval Stores Ordinance, 9 of 1875,-

Anchorage of Ships-of-War-Dredging or searching

stores..

106

Marine and Naval Stores-Dealers in, not keeping

books according to Schedule.

of 1865,

Marine and Naval Stores-Dealing in, without a

licence.

Marine and Naval Stores-Open during prohibited

hour.

Insulting expression-Using, or behaving in an in-

sulting manner before Magistrate,

Summons-Disobeying,

Recognizances-Breach of,...................

Magistrate's Order-Refusing to obey,

Malicious injuries to property Ordinance,

Arson,

Injuries to property.

to buildings,

to trees or vegetable productions in Garden, Setting fire to crop, &e.,.

Markets Ordinances. 1 of 1903 and 23 of 1903,-

Articles of food for man- -Exposing for sale. in a

place other than a Public Market,

Fish, etc.-Selling, in Markets, not being holders

of stalls,

Market-Sleeping in,

-Neglecting to provide Dust Bins,

-Selling flesh meat in-Other than slaughtered in Slaughter-house and inspected by an Inspector of Markets and marked by him' as being fit for human food.

મા

Nuisances Ordinance. 10 of 1872 and 11 of 1900,-

Chai Mui-Night noises playing at the game known

as,

Street cries by hawkers,

59 Offences against the person Ordinance, 4 of 1865,-

Assault-Causing grievous bodily harm,

*888

་་

-Common.

-On Peace Officer,..

-With intent to rob (7 of 1865 sec. 30), -Person-Forcibly taking or keeping of, -Unnatural Offence-Committing or at- tempting,

Child Stealing.

28 74-*-

981

200

Sign board-Failing to have-in front of lan Unwholesome provisions-Exposing for sale, Or

Cutting and wounding with intent to do grievous

bodily harm.

bringing into the Colony,

Merchant Shipping Act, 1894,-

Cutting and wounding with intent to commit murder, Manslaughter.

Seamen-Disobeying lawful orders of Masters in

Rape.

British Ship,

Merchant Shipping Consolidation Ordinances. 36 of 1899

31 of 1901 and 2 of 1903

Boatmen disobeying Order of Harbour Master,

Boarding Ship without permission,

Boats Concealing the number of.

-Demanding more than legal fare,

-Ashes Collecting-Breach of regulations,

-Making fast to ship under way,

-Mooring within the limits of Men-of-War

anchorage,

-Mooring inshore between the hours of 9

o'clock at night and gun-fire in the morning. -Neglecting to have the Licence legibly painted,

-Refusing to accept hire,

199

-Refusing to show licences to Police, -Refusing to stop or go alongside Wharf when

called upon by Police,

Roats, etc.-Unlicensed....

Boat Licences-Breach of conditions of,.

Fishing Boat,

Cargo-boat Licence-Breach of conditions of,

Fairways-Obstructing,

Throwing dead body into the Harbour,

Breach of,

Goods unlawfully obtained-Throwing into water,

Junk-Anchoring in prohibited place.

Master of vessel, having upwards of 200 lbs. of Ex-

plosive on board, neglecting to furnish Harbour

Master with particulars immediately.

Nuisances in Harbour,

Quarantine Regulations-Breach of,

多多

Seamen-Desertion of. from British or Foreign Ships,

Seamen-Remaining behind Ships after having

Shooting with intent to do grievous bodily harm, Opium Ordinance as amended by 4 of 1894.-

Opium-Found on board of any Ship, not on the

Ship's Manifest.

58 Opium Ordinance (Prepared), 21 of 1891,—

Excise Officer-Assault on. (Sec. 51),

-Assuming the designation of,

Prepared Opium-Being in possession of, without

having valid certificates,

15 Opium Ordinances. 22 of 1887 and 22 of 1891,

Breach of Raw..

Opium Divan Keeping, Breach of (Ordinance, 15 of

1897).

Pawnbrokers Ordinances, 3 of 1860 and 20 of 1896.-

Breach of, for not giving true accounts by applicant, Pawning goods without being duly authorised or

employed in that behalf,..

Pawnbrokers-Carrying on business during prohi-

bited hours.

Pawnbrokers-Acting as, without a licence. Pawnbrokers-Failing to make proper entries.

54 Peace and Quiet Ordinances, 17 of 1844 and 28 of 1901.-

Piers and Wharves Ordinance. 18 of 1884.-

Private Wharves-Trespass on,

Neglecting to exhibit a Green Light at end of pier....

Police Force Consolidation Ordinances, 14 of 1887 and 33

of 1900.-

Police Constables-Misconduct as,

-Designation of a (Ordinance 9 of

1862),

Police Force Regulation Ordinance, 9 of 1862.-

22-

False and vexatious charge.

1,279 1,279

signed the Articles.

Seamen-Boarding House, Chinese-Keeping, un-

licensed,

เง

Curried forward,..

3,2543,420

Carried forward,..

Police Constables-Assault on, in execution of duty, Police Constables-Obstructing or resisting, in the

discharge of their duties,

8,634 10,488

221

CASES, Continued.

No. of No. of CASES.

OFFENCES.

Brought forward.......

NO. OF

No. of

PRI-

CASES.

SONERS.

8,634 | 10,488

155

Regulation of Chinese Ordinance.—Contd.

Drums and Gongs-Night noises by beating, Fireworks-Discharging, without permits.. Chinese Theatre-Breach of Regulations,

--Carrying on without permit,

1 Rogues and Vagabonds. 5th of Geo. IV. Chapter 83, s. 4,—

Rogues and Vagabonds—As suspicious characters.

፡፡

-Being in possession of house- breaking implements, --Found in dwelling house,

(Sec. 6),..

OFFENCES.

Brought forward..........

Post Office Ordinance, 24 of 1900.-

Letters, etc.-Opening or delaying..

-Stealing.

Postmaster General-Infringing privileges of, Private Vehicle Ordinance, 13 of 1895,—

Private Vehicles-Breach of Regulations for,

-Not keeping Rule of the Road, -Unlicensed,

-Obstruction,

Private Vehicle Ordinance, 6 of 1899.–

Carrying no lights between sunset and suurise, Causing damage by negligence or misbehaviour

Trucks. etc.-Driving after prohibited hours,

PRI-

SONERS.

3,254 3,420

148

Public Buildings, Gardens, &c.,-Regulations for main- tenance of good order and preservation of pro- perty in, (Ordinance 8 of 1870).—

Public Gardens-Breach of Regulations for. Wong Nei Chung Recreation Ground Regulations-

Breach of.

Prison Ordinance, 7 of 1899,-

Public Health and Buildings Ordinance, 1 of 1903,-

Bakehouse Bye-laws-Breach of. Dairy Bye-laws-Breach of,

-Unregistered...........

&c. for an unlawful purpose. -Wandering abroad and lod-

ging in the open air, -Exposing to view obscene

pictures,

Sale of Food and Drugs Ordinance, 18 of 1896,–

Breach of,

11 Liquor Licences Ordinance. 24 of 1898,-

Adjunct Licence-Breach of.

Chinese Spirit Shop Regulations-Breach of, Eating House-Unlicensed keeping of.

Grocer's Licence-Breach of,.

Intoxicating Liquors--Selling without licence....

35 Stonecutter's Island Ordinance, 11 of 1889,-

Fort-Eutering,

1228

127,210

2 Stowaways Ordinance, 7 of 1897.-

Common Kitchen-Using, as sleeping room, Common Lodging Houses Regulations-Breach of, Common Lodging Houses-Unlicensed keeping of, Rats-Prevention of the dissemination of plague, Drain, &c.-Leaving open and unprotected,

Stowaways.

8 Star Ferry Ordinance, No. 46 of 1902,-

Breach of Bye-laws under,...

Chinese Emigrantion Ordinances, No, 25 of 1889 and 37 of

1901,-

Domestic Buildings-Occupying, without a certificate

from Sanitary Board,

Domestic Cleanliness, Breach of Bye-laws...

Re-occupation of bouse unfit for human habitation, Latrine Regulations-Breach of.

**-*

Decoying men or boys into or away from the Colony, Personating emigrants.

Boarding House-Unlicensed keeping of,

-Overcrowding.

Removing Clothing, etc., from Plague house,

-Neglecting to enter names of lod-

gers, etc.,

Laundries-Unregistered.

Servants Quarters, Ordinance, 11 of 1903.-

-Overcrowding....

Magistrates' Order-Failing to comply.

Breach of,

25 The Small Tenements Recovery Ordinance, 14 of 1902,-

Night soil or noxious waters-Carrying, during pro-

hibited hours, or depositing in the streets.

Breach of,

Night soil or noxious waters-Carrying in an un-

covered bucket......

Nuisances-Neglecting to abate, after notice served

by the Sanitary Board,

403

made under

་

-In Opium Divan,.

Pigs, &c.-Keeping, without licence,

Offensive Trade Establishment-Breach of Bye-laws

Overcrowding-In tenement house,

Officer, etc. of Sanitary Board, neglecting the free

accees of,

Pigsties. etc.-Neglecting to clean,

141

429

38 The Tramways Ordinance. 9 of 1902 and 10 of 1902,—

Breach of,

I The Triad and Unlawful Societies Ordinance, 8 of 1887,-

Breach of,

403 The Uniform Ordinance. 10 of 1895,-

Military uniform-Wearing.

5 Vaccination Ordinance, 5 of 1890,--

Breach of,

1 Vagrancy Ordinance, 25 of 1897,-

Vagrants.

--Failing to return to House of Detention,

12 Verandahs erected over Crown Lands Ordinance, 4 of 1888,--

Enclosure of,

Person-Not approved of by Sanitary Board to carry

Volunteer Ordinance, No. 6 of 1893,-

out house drainage works,

Breach of.

Corps Burying in unauthorised Cemetery,.

Prevention of Crime Ordinance, No. 11 of 1887,-

Breach of.

Water Works--Breach of.

Registration of Births and Deaths Ordinance 16 of 1896,

(amended by 20 of 1898).—

Dead Bodies-Unlawful removal of..

Water Works Ordinances. 29 of 1902 and 16 of 1903,-

Water--Wasting.

Weights and Measures Ordinance, 26 of 1901.

Breach of.

40 Women and Girls' Protection Ordinances. 14 of 1900, 6

Regulation of Chinese Burials, and Prevention of certain

Nuisances Ordinance, 12 of 1856,-

of 1894, 9 of 1897, and 31 of 1899.-- Abduction of girls under the age of 16 years,..

Obeying calls of nature in the streets or in improper

places,

Decoying women or girls into or away from the Co-

lony,

Roads and streets-Injury to,

Roads and streets-Injury or obstruction to ways,

seashore, etc.,

Defilement of girls between 12 and 16 years of age.... Detaining, harbouring. or receiving women or girls

for the purpose of prostitution,

Shrubs, Trees-Cutting or destroying,

Indecent assault upon any female.

Trespass on Crown Land,

Regulation of Chinese People Ordinances, 8 of 1858, 6 of

1897 and 12 of 1900,—

Procuration of girls under 16 to have carnal connexion, Purchasing, pledging, or selling women or girls for

the purpose of prostitution.

921

*******

Building-Occupying or erecting, on land not being

under lease from the Crown,

Mendicancy,

and 12 of 1900,-

Regulation of Chinese Ordinance. 13 of 1888, 6 of 1897

Bills-Posting. without permission from Registrar

Contagions Diseases-Permitring women, suffering from

to remain in Brothels....

Brothels or Lodging House for Prostitutes,

Magistratis Ordinance-Failing to comply, Persons trading in 'rostitutes, Undesided cases,

125

General.

Carried forward.................

4,508 | 4,739

288

TOTAL,

'14,268 | 16,442

222

ABSTRACT of CASES brought under COGNIZANCE of the POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURT during a period of

Ten Years, fom 1st January, 1894, to 31st December, 1903, inclusive.

CASES, HOW Disposed of, and the Number of Male and FEMALE PRISONERS UNDER EACH HEAD.

TOTAL NUMBER:

Years.

OF CASES.

Convicted and Punished.

Discharged.

Supreme Court.

Committed

Ordered to find Security,

To keep the

Peace, to be of

Commit- to Prison or

ted for Trial at

detained pending Or- der of His Excellency

the Governor.

४

Good Bcha-

viour, and to

answer any

Did not appear.

and

absconded

Escaped before

heing

brought for trial at the Ma-

Escaped.

Punished for preferring

Total

False Charge Undecided.

Number

or giving

False

of Defendants.

Charge.

gistracy.

Testimony.

M. F.

M. F. M.

M. F.

༣: ི་

1894,. 10.447

9,465 302

1,716

1895.... 17,016 15.058 725

1896,... 17,767 16,659 797 1,371

1897,... 11,185 10,237 548 1,481

1898.... 13,341 12,668 834

1,196

2,345

196

203

62 21

151 73 12

119

255

282

232

183

209

Total,..

69,756 64.082 3.206

8.109 738814 11

9 11,1 303

199

:ཚེ

11,530 423

17,897 1,001

28.

115

18,468 1,100

12,079

807

142

14,304

985

100

551

74.278 4.816

•

Average

per Year,

1,395.2 12,816.4641.21,621.8147.6 62.8 8.2 1.8 0.2 222.2 60.6 0.2

26.0 3.6

110.2

1.8

14.855.6 863.2

1899.. 10,158 9,007 511 1,527

114 128 3

1900, 14,081 13,149 501

2,416

235 131

TOD

1901,..

1902,. 16,070 14,404 803 2,071

1903... 14.268 12,906 553 2,104

14,531 13,689 536

2.129

147 121 2

165 95 4

167 164 9

211

287

264

211 21

22 23

proved

に

→

10,800 646

15,982 764

105 18

...

16,339 728

211

17,057 | 1,000

266 22

15,668 774

Total..

69,108

63,1552,904 | 19,247

828 639 28

36 31,063 104

687 51

75,796 3.912

per

Average 13,821.6 12,631.0 580.8 2,049.4165.6 127.8 4.6

7.2 0.6 212.6 20.8 0.2 0.2

0.2 8.8

1.4 137.4 10.2

15,159.2782.4

Year.

Grand

Total

for the

|138,864.0; 127,257 | 6,110 | 18,356 |1,566|943 64

4 | 2,174 | 407 2 Ꭵ

144

1,238 60

150,074 8,228

10 Years,

Average

per Year,

|13,886,4 |12,723.7611.0 | 1,835.6 156.6 94.3 6.4

4.5 0.4217.4 40.7 0.2 0.1

0.1

14.4

2.5 123.8 6.0

| 15,007.4 (822.8

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR OF THE SUPREME COURT, FOR THE YEAR 1903.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

REGISTRY, SUPREME COURT,

HONGKONG, 30th April, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward to you, herewith, the usual Annual Returns of this Court, together with the following Report on the working of the several Divisions thereof, and of the Offices of Registrar of Companies and Official Trustee, viz. :-

1.-ORIGINAL JURISDICTION.

The number of Actions instituted in this division of the Court during the Return No. 1. year 1903 was 178, and there were 91 in dependency. Of these, 114 were disposed

of, of which 25 were settled or withdrawn before trial, leaving a balance of 155.

The total amount involved was $777,396.12.

The debts and damages recovered amounted to $317,431.98.

There was one Injunction granted.

The total fees collected and paid into the Treasury amounted to $8,210.05.

2.-SUMMARY JURISDICTION.

The number of Actions instituted was 1,643 during the year 1903, and 38 Return No. 1. were brought forward from 1902. Of these 1,521 were disposed of, 640 being settled or withdrawn before trial, leaving a balance of 230.

The total amount involved was $338,972.44; and the total fees collected and paid into the Treasury amounted to $6,774.45.

The number of Distress Warrants for Rent issued was 368, representing Return No. 2. aggregate unpaid Rents amounting from $24,902.10, of which the aggregate sum of $20,880.48 was recovered, 156 Warrants having been withdrawn on settlement between the parties.

The fees collected for issuing Distress Warrants and paid into the Treasury amounted to $2,208.

3.-CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

There were 78 cases and 178 persons committed for trial at the Criminal Return No. 3. Sessions.

The number of persons actually indicted was 142, of whom 104 were convicted; 2 failed to surrender to their Recognizances which were estreated; and 36 were acquitted. Against 35 persons no Indictments were filed, and they were discharged on Proclamation. One prisoner died in Gaol before trial.

4.—APPELLATE JURISDICTION.

There were 10 Appeals instituted during the year, being:

From the decision of the Chief Justice,.

of the Puisne Judge,

Magistrates, Land Court,

Return No. 4.

of which 9 were disposed of, being :-

From the Chief Justice,

Puisne Judge,

Magistrates, Land Court,

leaving one pending.

One case was carried to the Privy Council and the decision of the Court below upheld.

Return No. 5.

Return No.6.

', * ?

384

5.-ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION.

There were 10 Actions instituted, with 2 in dependency, all of which were disposed of, 5 having been settled or withdrawn before trial.

The number of vessels, arrested was 6.

The total fees received and paid into the Treasury amounted to $507.80. 6.-BANKRUPTCY JURISDICTION.

There were 35 Petitions filed, being Creditors' Petitions 15, and 20 Petitions by the Debtors themselves.

The number of Receiving Orders made was 20, being 9 on Creditors' Petitions, and 11 on Debtors' Petitions.

The number of Public Examination held was 9.

There were 11 Adjudications; and 1 Composition for $12.875.21 approved by the Court.

There were no Discharges.

It is a noticeable fact, especially with Chinese bankrupts, that being once ad- judicated they are rarely seen any more, many of them leaving the Colony.

The aggregate amount of declared Assets was $314,010.18, and declared Liabilities $671,636.65. Of the declared Assets only $28,069.41 were recovered.

With but few exceptions, the amounts realized have barely covered the costs of the Bankruptcy; hence the Court has of late more strictly enforced the law requiring substantial assets before making a Receiving Order.

The fees paid into the Treasury amounted to $758.05 including the Official Receiver's commission as Trustee where no Trustee has been appointed by the Creditors.

In previous years no Bankruptcy Returns were published: but as the Court exercises jurisdiction in Bankruptcy matters, it is but right that the working of this division of the Court should be included in its Annual Returns. A tabulated state- ment of the work done is, therefore, attached to this Report.

7.-PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION.

There were 198 Grants made by the Court, being:-

Probates,

Letters of Administration,

117

Return No. 7.

198

Return No. 8 and 8 (a.)

The aggregate value of the Estates was $1,936,975.

Probate duties amounted to $50,071.92, Court fees to $5,174.70, and Official Administrator's Commission paid into the Treasury to $2,861.77.

There were 47 Estates vested in, or administered by, the Official Administrator during the year, representing an aggregate value of $19,371.06.

20 Estates were wound up during the year as against 17 in 1902 representing an aggregate value of $32,567.13.

8.-OFFICIAL TRUSTS.

The total number of Trust Estates in the hands of the Official Trustee at the end of 1903 was 21, and the aggregate amount of Trust funds $99,200.88, and certain house property, viz., No. 6, Rednaxela Terrace.

The total fees received during the year and paid into the Treasury amounted to $296.

9.-REGISTRATION OF COMPANIES.

With a view to falicitating the checking of compliance with the several re- quirements of "The Companies Ordinances, 1865-1890," a Roll of all Companies registered since the coming into operation of the "Companies Ordinance, 1865" has been prepared, in which a careful note has been made of defunct Companies and Companies that have been wound up.

The total number of Companies registered from the commencement of the "Companies Ordinance, 1865" was 386 with an aggregate capital of $176,655,081, of which there were only 182 remaining at the end of 1903, whose aggregate

385

capital amounted to $114,216,425. 110 were wound up voluntarily, 4 were wound up under the supervision of the Court, and 90 are defunct. In addition to the latter, there are other Companies that are practically defunct as no Returns have been furnished by such Companies for years: but in order to legally strike them off the Register, certain preliminary steps have to be taken, which are now being done.

There were 43 Companies registered in 1903, the revenue from which was :-

Registration Fees, Filing and other Fees,

$6,808.00 $1,889.00

$8,697.00

10. FEES AND COMMISSIONS.

The total sums collected during the year by way of Fees and Commissions Return Nos. 9 paid into the Treasury amounted to $41,758.83, as against $30,275.42 in the and 9 (a.) previous year.

11.-STAFF.

The Chief Justice, Sir WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN, proceeded on 2 months' vacation leave to Japan, on 22nd April, 1903, Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Attorney General, acting as Chief Justice during His Honour's absence, the latter's place being filled by Mr. ERNEST HAMILTON Sharp, k.c.

Mr. JAMES WILLIAM NORTON-KYSHE, Registrar, Official Administrator, Offi- cial Trustee and Registrar of Companies, was granted three months' vacation leave to be followed by three months' leave of absence on half salary; and I was appointed to discharge the duties of the several Offices, with effect from the 14th October, 1903, Mr. JOHN WILLIAM JONES, Deputy Registrar and Accountant, being appointed to discharge the duties of my Office as Deputy Registrar and Appraiser in addition to the duties of his substantive appointment.

Mr. FREDERICK HOWELL, 1st Bailiff, proceeded to England on 4 months' vaca- tion to be followed by 8 months' leave of absence on half salary, on 15th April, 1903, his place being taken be Mr. JOSEPH LEONARD, the 2nd Bailiff, the latter's place being filled by P. C. FRED. LAST.

Mr. JONES was appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to the Office of Deputy Registrar and Accountant in succession to Mr. FRANCIS ARTHUR HAZELAND, appointed a Police Magistrate, with effect from 7th June, 1901, and assumed the duties of his Office on his return to the Colony from leave of absence on 4th August, 1903. Mr. JONES had previously acted for over four years in the Offices of Deputy Registrar and Appraiser and Deputy Registrar and Accountant respectively.

Mr. CAPITOLINO JOSÉ XAVIER, who had been Acting Deputy Registrar and Accountant, and Mr. LEONARDO D'ALMADA E CASTRO, who had temporarily replaced Mr. XAVIER, reverted to their respective positions as 1st Clerk of Court and Clerk to the Chief Justice, and 2nd Clerk of Court and Clerk to the Puisne Judge, on Mr. JONES's assumption of duties.

Mr. LEONARDO D'ALMADA E CASTRO resigned the service on the 1st August, 1903, on his being articled to Mr. G. K. HALL BRUTTON, Solicitor, and his place was filled by the promotion of Mr. ABDULLAH BIN SUFFIAD, Clerk to the Registrar and Hindustani Interpreter.

Mr. I. U. MIRZA, Clerk at the Treasury, was appointed as Clerk to the Regis- trar and Hindustani Interpreter vice Mr. SUFFIAD.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

The Honourable

A. M. THOMSON,

Colonial Secretary,

&r.,

se,

&c.

ARATHOON SETH, Registrar.

386

No. 1.

Return of Cases brought under the cognizance of the SUPREME Corrt of HONGKONG during the year 1903.

ORIGINAL AND SUMMARY JURISDICTIONS.

Depen- Jurisdiction, - dency

No. of Cases in

Settled or with-

JUDGMENT.

Debt and

Total.

drawn

Depen-

Damages

Damages.

1903.

1902.

before trial.

Plaintiff.

Defend-

ant.

Struck out,

dency.

recoverd.

Nonsuit. Disin ssed &

lapsed Writs.

Original,

178 269

$ 7,396.12

154

$35 317,431.98

Summary,

38 1,643 1,681 | 338,972.44 640

686

192

151,102.85

ARATHOON SETH,

Acting liegistrar.

Registry, Supreme Court. Hongkong, 31st December, 1903.

No. 2.

RETURN OF DISTRESS WARRANTS FOR RENT issued during the year 1903. (Ordinance No. 1 of 1883.)

Number issued.

Sold to pay Number withdrawn.

Claims.

Aggregate Rent involved.

Aggregate Sam recovered on sales.

ARATIOON SETH,

Acting Registrar.

368

212

156

$24,902.10

$20,830.48

Registry, Supreme Court, Hougkong, 31st December, 1903.

Nɔ. S.

RETURN of CRIMINAL CASEs tried in the SUPREME COURT of HONGKONG during the Year 1903.

SENTENCE.

Charges Cases

postponed

abandoned.į

Number of Cases tried.

Number of Persons tried.

pred pond 2 h 00

CRIME.

Convicted.

Acquitted.

Death.

Death recorded.

Hard Labour

over One Year:

Hard Labour One Year and under. |

Solitary Confintment- Number of Persons. Trivately whipped in addi- tion to imprisonment,

Number of Persons.

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

0130100:

5225

Accepting a bribe as a public servant with a view

to influencing his conduct,

Breaking into a dwelling house and committing a

Felony therein,..

Burglary..

Defilement of a girl under the age of 12 years,

Disobeying order of banishment,

Embezzlement as a servant,

Exposing a child under the age of 2 years whereby

life was endangered,

Falsification of accounts,

Forging a request for delivery of goods,

5 a Larceny,

Larceny as a servant,

Manslaughter,.

Murder,

Obtaining registered letter by virtue of a forged

receipt, with intent to defraud..

26 Offering a bribe to a public servant, with a view of

influencing his conduct,

110W - 1 bed, had ja~~~~30 m

Perjury,

Receiving stolen goods,

Robbery.

Robbery being armed,

Robbery with violence,

Setting fire to a dwelling house,

Shooting with intent to do grievous bodily harm, Sodomy,

Subornation of perjury,

Uttering a forged Bank note,

1 e Uttering a forged receipt.

+ **

Uttering forged request for delivery of goods,.........

Wounding with intent to do grievous bodily harm,

20 Wounding with intent to murder,

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

ས 1 གས;

: : :

142

Registry, Supreme Court, Hongkong, 31st December. 1903.

Note. Of 178 Persons committed,

101

35 12 36

ARATHOON SETH,

Acting Registrar.

.142 were indicted.

178 Persons.

The 36 who were not indicted, are included under the heading of "Charges Abandoned," 36

a. In one case the accused failed to appear and his Re-

cognizance was estreated.

b. In one case the Prisoner was fined $500.

c. In this case the accused failed to appear and his Recognizance was

estreated.

d. In one case the Prisoner died in the Gaol.

APPEALS

COMMENCED.

387

No. 4.

APPELLATE JURISDICTION.

APPEALS TRIED.

JUDGMENT.

Pending.

Withdrawn.

Number of Cases.

No. of Cases.

Appellant.

Respondent.

Registry, Supreme Court, Hongkong, 31st December, 1993.

Actions instituted.

No. 5.

ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION.

Number heard.

Settled or withdrawn.

* 7

* Two of these were actions instituted in 1902.

In 6 actions the ships were arrested.

ARATHOON SETH,

ARATHOON SETA,

Arting Registrar.

Registry, Supreme Court, Hongkong, 31st December, 1903.

Acting Registrar.

No. 6.

BANKRUPTCY JURISDICTION.

RETURN OF BANKRUPTCIES during the year 1903.

388

No.

Date of filing Petition.

Date of Receiving Order.

1903.

123456

2nd January,

15th

July,

1903.

Date of Adjudication.

1993.

5th March,

Date of Composition or Scheme of Arrangement if any.

Declared

Asse s.

1903.

Declared

Liabities.

Assets

Realised.

Remarks.

2,269.39

33,225.56

2,582.40

14th

24th

15th

4,500.00

9,000.00

6th March,

897.03

5,007.41

65.05

27th February,

760.00

2,000.00

17th March,

3,550.00

7.800.00

•

19th

20th

23rd April, 26th March,

25th Junc,

4th

38.133.00

54,000.00

15,788.90

5,067.25

10th April,

7th May,

3,600.00

5,000.00

9 22nd

23rd April,

3rd September,

7,605.16

38,40 ),85

29th

7th May,

8.500.00

11,000.00

11 26th May,

4th

June,

2nd July,

3rd

June,

4th

12h September,

6,293.63

12,875.21

2,513.48

5,719.94

159 52

360.00

3,729 55

927.00

No Receiving Order. Do.

4th

25th

13th August,

8,800.00

14.000.00

1.584.32

4th

25th June,

2,040.90

11,692.33

24th

25th

9th July,

30th July,

16th July, 12th September,

38 532.98

174,252.52

3,677 34

12,000 00

80,000.00

1,939.50

426.2?

1,248.61

8th August,

14th

22nd October,

8th September,

8th

11th

12th Septemper,

| 19th

21st

20th October,

27th

5th November,

3rd December,.

29th

5th November,

5th

12th November,

26th

3rd December,.

20th

30 26th

7th December,

28th

22nd December,

33 22nd

}}

34 22nd

23rd

25.553.37

16,000.00

No Receiving Order.

2,450.00

2,200.00

3.200.00

4,790.00

12,785.00

1,100.00

6,624.00

7,800.00

1,000.00

3.836.40

8,933.52

7.191.85

273 67

1,161.81

53,8 2.91

89.533.28

Pending.

550,00

1,965,64

500.00

2,000.00

7,000.00

Pending.

5,094 00

1.200.00

Do.

9, 59.77

8,082.88

Do.

21,475.00

1,232.83

Do.

58,098,08

50.00

Do.

Total,......... $

314,019.18

671,636.65

$28,069.41

800.00

400 00

400.00

5,171 52

1,000.00

5 500.00

28,941.03

20.00 1.00

15.000.00

50.00

No Receiving Order.

Pending.

No Receiving Order.

Do.

Lan: Office, Supreme Con: t House, Hongkong, 31st December, 1903.

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Official Receiver in Bankruptcy.

389

No. 7.

CALENDAR OF PROBATE and ADMINISTRATION granted by the SUPREME COURT of HONGKONG during the Fear 1903.

Date No. of

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Time and Place of Death.

Grant.

Probate, Administration with the Will annexed, or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value

sworn under

2nd Jan., 1903, Hongkong.

1 Jan.

1903.

Albino da Silveira,

30th October, 1902, Macao,

Letters of Adm. |

with the Will annexed,

Curolina da Luz Chavez,

26 George Loe, otherwize Lee

Lum.

22 Chan Sui Lim alias Chan

Lin,

5 Yeo Sea Tong,................. 10 William Charles Holland

Hastings,

Ip Sam,

8 Feb. 10

an. 20

Chiu Tak Ii, .

Chiu Kung Yat,

Carlos Solf,

Raphael Sidka Raphael,

11 Feb.

12 Jan. 21

Francis Oswald Edlin, ...

26th Oct., 1902, Hongkong | Letters of Adm.,

22nd Oct., 1902, Kowloon,

City Road. Hongkong, 28th Oct., 1901, Hongkong,

19th June, 1901; Jew Ma, Fukin, China,

| 22nd Jan., 1902, Hongkong,

9th Dec., 1902, Canton,

China,

30th Jan, 1898, Kau Tau,

China,

13th Aug.. 1897, Chi Kai

Village, China,

4th Aug, 1902. Swarow,

China,

12th Feb. 1902, Shanghai,

China,

Probate,

Letters of Adm.. |

de bonis non. Letters of Adm.,

Probate.

Agostinho Guilherme Romaro. Attorneṛ of Lourenço Marques. Lourenço l'e- reira Marques. Francisco Pereira Marques and Antonio Pereira Mar- ques,

Filomeno Mariano Chavez, the lawful

husb.nl,

Letters of Adm.. Chan Yau, one of the natural children,

('.

11,900.00

1,400.00

Albert Ah Wee, and Luk Robert Chan-

son, the Execut rs

12,400.00

Leong Kwai Chi, the lawful daugh er-

in-law,

8,600.00

Yeo Ser Tai, the natural brother, Charlotte Elizabeth Hastings, sole Exe

cut: ix,

6,700.00

3,600 00

1.200.00

Probate,

Do.,

Chiu Chan Shi, sole Executrix,

3.400.00

Chiu Yan Chiu, the Executor,

700.00

Letters of Adm., | Alberto Ramon E ias, Consul for Peru,...

500.00

Do..

Sophy Tocg, one of the children,

3,500.00

Do.,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administra:or.

1,500.00

Chiu Tak Hing alias Chiu

Ki Shing,

15th June, 1901, Kau Tao,

China,

Do.,

Chiu Wong Shi, the lawful widow,

5,600.00

Jorgen Nielsen,

13th Aug., 1902, Newchwang.

China,

Do..

James William Sorton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator,

Kwok You,

5th Nov., 1902, Macao,

Do.,

3ì

Peter Niels Ilum,

3rd Jan., 1903, Hongkong,

21 Wong hing,

5th Aug., 1902, Hongkong,

Do.,

Probate,

Edward Carey Smith,

30th July, 1902, England,

Letters of Adm. with the Wil annexed, 24th April. 1902, England, Letters of Adm.

with the Mill annexed, Probate,

Do.,

Chau Po Tung, sole Executor,..

Kwok U Chung, the lawful nephew, Jobam Nicolaus Goosmann, “ecretary to

the Consul for Denmark, Wong Wing Chiu, one of the Executors, power being reserved to make a like grant to Wei Yuk, the other Execu tor,

James Henry Cox, Attorney of Henry Martyn Smith, the surviving Execu- tor,

Duncan Clarke, the Administrator,

Lai Shn Tsing alias Lai Chak Ming.

Executor.

300.00 4,700.00

100.00

84,400.00

13,600 00 600.00

60,500 00

49,000.00

20th Sept., 1902, Hongkong

19 Feb. 16 Charles Arthur Pullan,

LARD

China,

Lai Shu San alias Lai Sz | 20th July, 1902, Fat Shan.

Sum alias Lai Yau Sang 11 Chan Bau Sune alias Ch

Hung alias Chan Wai Keo alius han Yuk Chow alias Chan Tuck sing Tong,

22 Mar. 12 Wong Yan Shan,

reb. 25

Ng Kir,

i Tst,. 25 July 24 Tang Shiu Leung,

Mar. 11

II. E. Gruneberg,

28 Beb.

Paul Jordan.

17th Nov., 1902, Heung

Shan, China,

28th Dec., 1902, Hongkong, 11th Nov., 1901, at Sea, 8th Jan., 1902, Hongkong. 17th Aug., 1901, Canton,

China,

30th April, 1902, Hongkong

9th Feb., 1901, Hongkong, 2 | Thany Chi Cing alias Tsang | 8th May, 1901, Hongkong,

Chi Cheung,

7th Feb, 1903, Hongkong, 9th Feb, 1903, Hongkong, 2nd Nov., 1902, Canton,

China,

23rd Feb., 1899, England,

Do.. Do..

Ching Shi, the Executrix.

Kan Shi, one of the Executors,

Letters of Adm.. | Li Tsang Shi the lawful widow,

Tang Kom Shi, the mother.

Do,

Do.,

Double Probate,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Officia!

Administrator,

Arathoon Seth. the other Ex-cutor,

Letters of Adm., | Cheang (Tsang) Lau Sh, the lawful

po.

Do,

widow,

Chan La Shi, the lawful widow,

29 Mar. 17

Chan A. Shing,

30 p. 3

Isu Fuk Cheng,

Mar. 24

Tsoi T z Sheung,

12 Harry Allen.

;

12 Ang Lim Thye,

16th Sep. 1901, Nether

lands India.

အ

12 Colin Cameron,

H. C. Brown.

8th Aug., 1902, Hongkong, Letters of Adm., | James William Norton-Kyshe. Official

135,800.00

1,500.00

100.00

11,200.00

700.00

Tsu Ngai Shi, the lawful widow,

Probate.

Leung Yau Po, sule Executor,

2,600.00 400 00

1,900.00

32,100.00

Do.:

Joseph Proctor Russell, Allen Alexander Hollingsworth, Henry James Weston Loveless and Helen Grace Allen, the Executors, 1)

Nil.

Do..

Ang Lim Siang and Seng Tsiu, the Exe-

cutors,

2,600.00

Administrtor....

2.200.00

Do..

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator,

800.00

John Fisher Firebrace For-

rowdale,

8th Feb., 1903, Hongkong,

Do..

James William Morton-Kyshe, Orticial

Administrator,

500.00

Elias Edward Smallwood,.

13th Feb.. 1903, Hongkong.

Do.,

James Wiliam Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator.

200.00

•

Ho Tau alias Ho Tau Ka als Ho Tung Hop,

39 June 27

40 Mar. 19

Tan Eng Bock or Tan Eng

Bok,

Edmund Louis Comar,

24 Helen Emma Chalmers.

11th Oct., 1899, Hongkong,

| 29th April.. 1896, Saigon,

Cochin-China,

Do..

Ho Li Shi, the lawful widow,

300.00

10..

Herbert Johnson Gedge,

2.600.00

10th Feb., 1903, Hougkong,

23rd May, 1902, Hongkong,

Probate,

Herbert Johnson Gedge, one of the Exe-

cutors.

12,200.00

Do..

Charles Underwood, Frank Harvey ri- per and Robert Francis Christopher Alexander Tytler, the surviving Exe-

cutors,

200.00

Curried forward,

..$ ! 482,100.00 .

(1) Deceased was a bare Trustee.

No.

...Date

of Grant.

1908.

390

CALENDAR of PROBATE and ADMINISTRATION, -Continued.

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Time and 'lace of Death.

Probate, Administration with the Will annexed, or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Valuc

sworn under

7 Leung Fat Tai,

→

Leong O shi,

Lan Li Shi,

Andrew Harvie,

Brought forward.

482,100.00

42 Mar. 24 Friedrick Alexander Alfred | 14th Mar., 1902, Canton, Letters of Adm.,

Busing Brockelmann,

with the Will aunexed,

China,

Ernst Richard Fuhrmann, Attorney of Justus Friedrich Heinrich Hayn. one of the Executors,

60,100.00

26 Madame Marie Krauss End- 24th Dec., 1901, Saigon, | Letters of Adm.

iner.

Cochin-China,

with the Will

annexed.

Herbert Johnson Gedge, Attorney of Pul Marquie. Provisional Exeen- tor,

64,200.00-

44 Apr.

3 Kwok So,

9th

Dec, 1902, Canton, China.

Probate,

Kwok how shi, sole Executrix,

6,000.00

3 Chan See Sho,

98th Jew, 1903, Canton,

Do..

Kwok Kau, sole Executor,

6,000.00

China,

7 Li Yan Yee,.......

23rd Jan., 1903, Som Chuen, Letters of Adm., Li Chun Shee, the lawful widow,

China,

500.00

Leung Yun,

17th Feb., 1903, Nam Wan,

Probate,

Leong Ping Lam, sole Exocutor,

3.200.00

China,

Arthur Ralph Kirk,

1st Dec., 1902. Hongkong,

Letters of Adm., | James William Norton-Kysbe, Offici 1

Administrator,

800.00-

China,

Idalia Jessie Parker alias | 20th June, 1902, Tientsin,

Minnie Barker,

28th Aug., 1901, Hongkong, 21st Nov., 1902, Canton,

China,

21st Jan, 1902, Hongkong,

1st Dec., 1902, Hongkong, | Letters of Adm..

| William Stewart, the Attomey of Janus McEwen and George Millar, Trustees and Executors,

Probate,

Letters of Adm.,

Probate,

Do.,

John O'Malley Irwin and Elgar Pic.co

Allen, the joint Executo s. Leung Kwok Shi, the lawful widow,. Leong Ngan Pau, one of the Executors,

U Loi Fuk, the Executor,

7,200.00

500.00- 2,500.00

300.00-

13,800.00

James Edward Williams,

15th Aug., 1902, at Sea,

Letters of Adm.

with the Will

Mary Eliza Evelyn Wiliams, one of the

universal legatees,

7,900.00

22 Wong Yik,

23 Chu Shan Chi,

23 Ip Kap.

27 | Julia Dodwell,

Tin, 27 | H. Allen,

7th Apr., 1903, Hongkong.

653

ני

62 May 63

10th Apr.. 1903, Sunning,

China,

21st Feb., 1902, Canton,

China,

12th Apr., 1903, Hongkong, 24th Dec., 1902, England,

27 Chan Sui Tin alias Chiu 20th Apr., 1903, Sham Shui, Letters of Adm., Chiu Li Sui, the lawful wido x,

27 Frederick John Pentreath,

2 James Henry Maclehose, 2 | Muacherj: Manekji Mehta,,

John Cannan,

6 Eduard Fitzgerald Creagh, 6 | Ladjee Cooverjee,

Kwok Kan.

Leung Ts in or Chan, other- wise Leung Wing Shing, otherwise Lung Yuen Bing Tong,

China,

30th Dc., 1902, Hongkong,

20th Apr., 1903, Hongkong,

20th Dec., 1902, Hongkong, Letters of Adm., Dhunjeebhoy Sorobjee Dody Burj

On or about the month of

January, 1903, at Sea, 25th Oct., 1902, England. 19th Apr.. 1900. Bombay,

India.

9th Feb., 1903, at Sea, 28th Nov., 1902, Sun Wui,

China,

16th Feb., 1903, Hok Shan,

China.

Letters of Adm., | Abraham Jacob Raynm...nd, Attorney of

Gangabi. the lawful widow, Kwok Po, natural brother,

annexed, Probate,

Wong Km Cho, the Executor.

3,000.00

Do..

Chu-Ting Chiu alins Chu Lui Kwai, the

Executor,

9,500.00

Letters of Adm.. | Ip Chan cun, natural brother.

Pronate, George Benjamin Dodwell, sole Exe-

1,000.00

cutor..

67,800.00-

200.00

Do.,

James William Norton-Kyshe. Official

Administrator.

400.00

Do.,

James William Norton-Kysir, Oicial

Administrator,

700.00

Probate.

Lawrence Mallorny, the Executor.

8,400.00

Attorney for Ruttonbai, the lawful widow,

2,800.00

Probate,

Do..

Angusta Maria Reiss, the Executrix..

200.00

Charles Vandeleur Creagh, the Executor.

28,100.00

1,300.00

Do.,

Probate,

2,500.00-

Leung Ip Shi, Excentrix,

27,800.00

27.

Lam shek san,

Do..

Lam Hung Ying, sole Executrix.

7,000.00

13 Mikhail Fedorovich Piat- 20th Aug., 1900, Moscow, Letters of Adm.

koff.

Russie,

Jacob Matreevich Mal- 1st Sept., 1835, Moscow,

chanoff,

72 June 10 Ho Hiu Lau,

with the Will annexed, Do..

Hussia.

23rd Dec., 1902, Canton,

China,

73 May 15 Hadjee Aga Syed Saduck 14th July, 1902, Calcutta,

Shcostery,

James Walter Ross Taylor, the Attorney of Elizabeth Jacovlevina Piatkoff, the Executrix, James Walter Ross Taylor, the Attorney of Nadejda Kosmmishna Malcha- noff, the lawful widow, Ho U. Chan, the Executor.

7,100.00

7,100.00 5.800.00

さ

19 Tan Eng Ching alias Tan | 29th Mar., 1903, Am Po,

Kia Ting,

19 | Li Nang..........

に

China.

20th Mar.. 1903, Hongkong, David Robert Fenton Craw- 10th Sept., 1902. Scotland,

ford,

Probate,

Letters of Adm. with the Will

annexed, Probate,

Do., Do...

26 William Pitcairn Galton, ... 11th Dec., 1902, Foochow. | Letters of A››m.

China,

with the Will annexed,

James Henry. Attorney of Syed Mabo- med Ali Shoostery and Syed Hossain Shoostery, the surviving Executors,.. Aung Siok Neoh, the Executrix,

Li Kee, sole Executor. Lilies Leishman Crawford and Malcolm Turner Clerk, the sole Executrix, and Executor. Victor Hobart Dencon, substitute of John Charles Oswald, the Attorney of Caroline Augusta Jane Galton,

1,700 00 2,300.00

25,100.00

184.700 00

po.

Man Wong Shi, the lawful widow, James William Norton-Kysle, Official

21,300.00 300.00

Administrator...

300.00

Do..

Sarah Elias, the lawful widow,

11,100.00

Do..

Wong Tak Hing, the natural son,

9,200.00

29th July, 1899, Kwong Tung, Province in the Empire of China,

Do..

Fong Ko Yau, the natura and lawful

brother,

300.00.

83 June 4 Tam Ping alias Tam Kai | 15th May, 1903, Macao.

Probate,

Lau Chan, the Executor,

250.00

78 June 4 | Man Yau,

79 July 24 Guilhermina Gracias.

solune 20 Ezekiel Ezra Isaac Elias. 81 May 27 Wong Choy,

Fong Ki Shin,.................

Ming,

3rd Apr., 1903, Hongkong, 9th May, 1902, Hongkong.

7th Apr.. 1903. Hongkoug, 10th Apr., 1993, Ko Iu,

China,

Letters of Adm..

Carried forward,..

1,092,650.00

{

391

CALENDAR OF PROBATE and ADMINISTRATION,-

-Continued.

No.

Date of

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Time and Place of Death.

Grant.

Probate, Administration with the Will annexed, or Administration,

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value

sworn

under

1903.

39+

ང;

او

84 June 4 Leung Lai Sang,

888

ཀ

4 William Robert Jones,

4 Yam Wan Wo,.......

4 John McMichael,

4 Alexander S. McKay, other

wise A. F. McKay,

Jens Anton Ahlmann, Jafferbhoy Ludhabhoy Chut-

too,

8th Jan., 1903, Heong Shan,

China,

30th Apr., 1903. Hongkong,

2nd Dec., 1902, Hok Shan,

China,

6th May, 1903, Hongkong,

17 Alexander Cushney, junior,. 17th July, 1902, Shanghai,.

19 Ng A Kwong,

25 Chung Kwai Sang,

17 Ronald Maitland Hutton

Potts,

17 Chung Woo Shi alias Chung

Tse Shi

17 George Williams,.. 17 Ma Chik Ting otherwise

Ma Lam Foon,

20 Lewis Moore,

27th Jan., 1901, Canton,

China,

7th May, 1903, Canton,

China,

21st May, 1903, Hongkong, 5th June, 1903, Sunning,

China,

11th Feb., 1903, Shanghai,

Letters of Adm. with the Will and Codicil annexed, Probate,

Do.,

Brought forward,

Leung Kam Chiu, and Leung Lau Chiu,

Executors.

1,092,650 00

-1,900.00

Letters of Adm.,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator..

600.00

Do.,

Yam Wong Shi, the natural mother,.

500.00

Do.,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator...

300.00

11th May, 1903, Hongkong.

Do.,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator,

200.00

8th May, 1903, Hongkong. 28th July, 1894, Bombay,

India,

Probate, Letters of Adm.,

Man Yee, sole Executrix,.

9,600.00

Ahmed bhoy Rabinbhoy, Attorney of

Abdullabhoy Ladabhoy Chuttos, the natural brother,

1,600.00

Herbert Johnson Gedge and John Hays, Attorney of Wiufrid Alwed Comyn Platt, one of the Executors. Elizabeth Ng A Kuong, Sole Executrix,

1,500.00

13,200.00

Letters of Adm.,

Chung Pang Shi, widow and relict,

100.00

16th Aug., 1903, Hongkong,

14th Sept., 1902, Hongkong,

Do.,

William Hutton Potts. the brother,

225.00

Do.,

Chung In Kwong, natural and lawful

child,

300.00

Do.. Probate,

Rose Williams, the lawful widow.

100.00

Ma Wai Nam, the Executor,

14.000.00

Letters of Adm.

Abraham Jacob Raymond, the lawful

with the Will

Attorney of the widow,

2,200.00

annexed,

100

101

102

Lu Lai Chuen,..

1st June, 1908, Sam Chun,

China,

Probate.

Cheung Shi, the Executrix.

3,000.00

Wat Shing Kee,

30th Apr., 1908, Canton,

China,

Letters of Adm., Wat Cheng Mai, the lawful widow,

3,600.00

Li Pok Man.

་

103

་

104 July 2

mann,

105

2 Lo Tsun,

26 Richard Lovett Collar,

Yau Min Chi alias Yau

Kai,

13th June, 1903, Sam Sui,

China,

24th Dec., 1902, England,

Hans Friedrick Albert Leh-31st Dec., 1902, Shanghai,

Do.,

Li U Chuen, the father,

1,200.00

Probate,

Lilla Lovett Collar and Mary Ada Form-

by, the Executrixes,

3,500.00

15th Apr., 1903, Canton,

China,

Do.,

Letters of Adm.,

Yau Luk, sole Executrix, (2).................

Nil.

Ernst Goetz, the lawful Attorney of

Rudolf Lamke,

9,400.00

16th May, 1903, Canton.

China,

Letters of Adm. with the Will annexed,

Lo Chung Kue, the Executor,

14,400.00

109

110

106

107

108

Lau Fook Yeung alias Lau 10th June, 1903, Hongkong,

Ah Fook

4 Lau Sui Yat,

4 Walter Norton Dow,

Ho Lin Shing,

Eduljee Maneckjee, other- wise Eduljee Maneckjee Kapadia, Tsang Kau Sing,

8th June, 1902, Canton,

China,

21st Dec., 1901, Penbertha

Marazion, in the County of Cornwall, 12th Oct., 1899, at Sea, 10th May, 1903, Hongkong,

8th June, 1903, Heung

Shan, China,

Letters of Adm., with the Will annexed, Do.. Letters of Adm.,

Letters of Adm.,

Tsang Ah Hing, Creditor of the de-

ceased.

300.00

Probate,

Lau Wai Ping, the Executor,

1,500.00

Herbert Johnson Gedge, one of lawful

Attorney of the Executor,

3,800.00

Ho Nai Cheong, the legatee. Dhunbaijee, the lawful widow,

10,000.00

6,500.00

23rd Apr., 1903, Shun Tak,

Probate,

Do..

Tsang Kin, sole Executor,

Yeong Fong, the beneficiary,

China,

111

3,600.00

112

Li Yew Sing,

7,800.00

113

10 Alberto R. Elias,

12th June, 1903, Hongkong. Letters of Adm., James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator,

200.00

114

11 Charles Ingvalid Jacobson,

26th Oct., 1902, Hongkong,

Do.,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator,

100.00

115

11 James Meveety.

116

11 Chor Singh,

117

Sheikh Mahomed,

118

23 Tang Shiu Kwai,..

17th May, 1903, Hongkong,

21st June, 1903, Hongkong,

5th June, 1902, Hongkong, 9th Mar., 1903, Canton,

China,

Do.,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator.

200.00

119

Tsung,

120

17 David Gillies,

27th May, 1902, Glasgow,

121

17 Leung I.

122

sen,

123 124 125

127

5 Firmin Moindron,

17 Ip Liu Kwai alias Yum 15th Jan., 1903, Hongkong,

18th June, 1903, at Sea, 17 Justus William Mielenhau- | 16th Jan., 1903, Shanghai,

24 Wan Wong Shi,

17 Heinrich Varrelmann, 24 Lum Pak Moy alias Lum Pat Moy alias Lum Mui,

126 Aug. 6 Tsui Fai,

6th June, 1903. Hongkong, 10th June, 1903, Hongkong, 17th May. 1903, San Ui,

China,

23rd Apr., 1903, Sam Shui,

China, 28th Nov., 1902, Hongkong,

Do.,

Probate, Letters of Adm.,

Probate,

Double Probate, Letters of Adm., Letters of Adm., with the Will annexed.

Letters of Adm., Probate, Letters of Adm.,

Ip Wong Shi, sole Executrix,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator,

200.00

Abdoola Fakeera Arculli, sole Executor,. Tang Au Shi, the lawful widow,

7,100 00

7,400.00

2,500.00

Thomas Isaac Rose, the Executor. (3).. Mok A Yuk, the lawful husband, Victor Hobart Deacon, one of the lawful Attorney of Reinhold Stahlberg,

Nil.

800 00

9,200.00

Wong Kwong, the brother, Tai A Mui, sole Executrix,

4,000.00

23,000.00

Lee Yick Chee, the lawful husband,

1,000.00

Probate,

Letters of Adm.,

Tsue Luk Shi, the Executrix,

38,200.00

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator, .

200.00

(arried forward,..

1,301,675.00

(2) The Liabilities exceeded the Assets.

(3) Double Probate.

392

CALENDAR of PROBATE and ADMINISTRATION,—Continued.

No.

Date of Grant.

Name of Testator or

Intestate.

Time and Place of Death.

Probate, Administration with the Will annexed, or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value

sworn under.

1903.

Brought forward,

1,301,675.00

128 Aug.

Ip Yuen,

129

Marian Paul Knights,

6th June, 1903, Hongkong, 28th June, 1903, Shanghai,

130

131

132

19 Joseph Herald Bateman,

133

134

135

136

137

་་

6 Lai Kok Chew,

12 William Tulloch Davidson, 13 Robert Trevelyan Head,

Lai Ma Shi alias Ma Shop

Koo,

Mak Tsz Tong, Thomas Charles McIntyre,

Friedrick Voss,

18th May, 1903, Kwong

Tung Chuen, China, 28th Feb., 1903, England, 25th Oct., 1902, Hongkong,

13th July, 1903, Macao,

Probate, Letters of Adm., with the Will annexed, Probate,

Ip Pak Shan, the Executor,.

1,000.00

Herbert Johnson Gedge,

1,000.00

Lai Man Chui and Lai Man Kwing, the

Executors,

3,600.00

Do.,

Letters of Adm.,

Elizabeth Anne Ricketts or Davidson, Augustus Shelton Hooper, the lawful

Attorney of Julia Head,

25,600.00

400.00

23rd Mar., 1903, Shanghai, 14th July, 1903, Hongkong,

Do.,

Probate, Letters of Adm.,

Lai Man Kwing, one of the sons,

1,100.00

Mak Ho Shi, the Executrix,

900.00

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator,..............

100.00

6th Aug., 1903, Hongkong,

16th Jan., 1903, England,

Do.,

Letters of Adm., with the Will annexed,

James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

Administrator, .

700.00

Margaret Florence Griffiths, the Admi-

nistratrix,

2,500.00

138

22 Cham Ming alias Sham 31st Aug., 1902, New York, Letters of Adm., Ng Wong Shi, the lawful widow,

3,500.00

139 140

Cham Ming alias Ng

Cham Ming,

John Edwin Herring,

2nd Aug., 1903, Hongkong,

Patrick Joseph Hughes,

9th Mar., 1903. France,

Chan Shin Jing,........

141 Sept. 20

142 Aug. 27 | José Candido dos Remedios,

143

27 Alexander

elder),

144

27 Chan Ho Shi,

145 Sept. 24

146

147

148

Do., Probate,

Annie Herring, the lawful widow... Margaret Mary Hughes, the surviving

Executrix,.

250.00

19,700.00 800.00

27th June, 1903, Tung Kung, Letters of Adm., Chan Yeung Shi, the lawful widow,

China, 29th July, 1903, Hongkong,

Michie (the 7th Aug., 1902, England

Wong Sui Lam,

15th May, 1903, Hongkong,

7 Jehangirjee Pestonjee Kha- 23rd Apr., 1903, Hongkong,

ras,

7 Munchershow Jeejeebhoy,

Vasania,

149 150

151

Rhoderick McNeil Angus

Campbell,

Michael Lavery Yates, Ho Lok Un,

26 Mok Yun Chi,

152 Nov. 5

153 Sept. 29

154 Oct. 5

155

156

157

158

159

Cheang Loi alias Cheang

Aloi,

Chan (or Chun) Lo Shi

alias Loo Shee,

Tsang Yung Chee,

9 Johan Heinrich Brost,

18th Oct., 1903, England, 19th Aug., 1903, Cauton,

China,

30th June, 1897, San Ning,

China,

4th Nov., 1902, Ping Lam,

Chun,

15th June, 1903, Kwong

Tung, China,

29th May, 1899, Hongkong,

24th Sept., 1903, Hongkong,

29th Apr., 1903, Chan Chun,

China,

Do., Probate.

Probate.

Alfredo Jorge Vieira Ribeiro, José Can- dido dos Remedios and José Antonio da Costa Vieira Ribeiro,

Dorabjee Nourojee Meethaiwala and Pestonjee Franjee Talati, the Execu- tors,

Sir Charles John Dudgeon and Frede-

rick Anderson, the Executors,

Letters of Adm., | Ho Sui Shi, the lawful widow,

Probate,

44,000.00

Do.,

14th Sept., 1903, Ho Nam,

China,

Letters of Adm.,

Osborn Donald Robinson and Richard

Sydney Corbett, the Executors. James William Norton-Kyshe, Official

6,400.00

Administrator, (4).

Nil.

John Chun Wong, the father,

100.00

15,000.00

12th Aug., 1903, Hongkong,

Do.,

Pirojsha Jeejeebhoy Vasania, one of the

Executors,

7,800.00

17th June, 1903, Shanghai,

Letters of Adm., with the Will and Codicil annexed,

37,900.00

Mary Anne Ellen Yates, the Executrix,..

500.00 10,000.00

Do..

Mok Tat Chi, the brother,

200.00

Do..

Cheang Min, the brother,

5,100.00

Probate,

Letters of Adm.,

Chan Un Pan alias Chan Lai To, the

Executor,

8,500.00

Tsang Tong, the lawful and natural

eldest sou,

250.00

Do.,

Emelie Wilhelmina Agnes Brost,, the

lawful widow,

3,700.00

Probate,

Wong Li Shi and Wong Kan Shi, the

Executrixes,

18,000.00

Do.,

James Gwyn Patton Jepps, one of the

Executors,

1,400.00

5,000.00

Probate,

Letters of Adm., | Leung Lau Shi, the lawful widow,.......

Do.,

Tang Wong Shi, Tang So She and Tang Wing Chiu, the Executrixes and Executor,

58,700.00

9,000.00

Wong Lau Shi alias Lau Yeong Kiu,

the lawful widow,

250.00

Do.,

Wong Pun Shi, the lawful widow,.

200.00

Probate,

Do.,

George Frederick Bruce and Edward

Phillips, the Executors,

5,900.00

Edith Lourie Cooper, formerly Edith

Lourie Hickie,

400.00

17th May, 1903, Ham Ping,

China,

Letters of Adm.,

Yung Hok Nin alias Yeng Lau Há, the

lawful husband,

100.00

29 Wong Ying Yuen,

2nd Aug., 1903, Pun U,

22nd Sept., 1903, Ping

Yeong, China,

28th Sept., 1903, Hongkong, 28th Sept., 1903, Hongkong, 16th Apr., 1903, Canton,

22 Antonio Alexandrino Hey- 18th Sept., 1903, Hongkong,

Probate,

Ching Ip Shi, the Executrix,

3,500.00

China,

Do.,

Wong Kwok Cheung, the Executor,

8,000.00

Do., Letters of Adm., Letters of Adm., Probate,

Fung Shi, the Executrix,

1,000.00

Ku Shi, the lawful widow,

100.00

Lam Chan Shi, the lawful widow, Melania Joanna Botelho, the Executrix,

100.00

38,000.00

9 Wong See On,

13 James William Jepps,

12 Wai Sing Kee,

12 Tang Wing Shing,

160

161

Leung Tit Shan, Wong Fung alias Wong Ping Cheung alias Wong Sing Kiu alias Wong Koon Kiu,

15 Wong Hung Shang,

25th May. 1897, England,

30th Aug., 1903, Canton,

China,

2nd Sep., 1903, Wai Tun,

China,

12th June, 1903, Hongkong, 17th Sep., 1903, Hongkong,

9th Aug., 1903, Canton,

China,

5th Apr., 1899, England,

John Robert Douglas Hic- 11th Aug., 1901, England,

162

163

16 Frank Nicholson,

164

kie,

165

15 Cheung Shi,

166

21 Ching Kwong Lee,

167

1,68

19 Chu Shoot Chow,

169

22 | U I Chu,

170

22 Lai Fai Tong,

171

tor Botelho,

Letters of Adm., | Ting Kai Sui, the lawful widow,

(4) Deceased was a bare Trustee.

Carried forward,.

1,676,925.00

ས

393

CALENDAR of PROBATE and ADMINISTRATION,—Continued.

No.

Date of Grant.

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Time and Place of Death.

Probate, Administration with the Will annexed, or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value

sworn

under.

173

174

.0.

1003.

Brought forward,

1,676,925.00

172 Oct. 26

Ngai Po Hing,..

30th Mar., 1903, Canton,

Probate,

Ngan Tsun Tsoi, the Executor,

9,100.00

Tsang To Yung,

China, 16th Aug., 1903, Hongkong.

Lau Hip Chee alias Lau A 9th July, 1903, Canton,

Do., Do.,

Tsang Yun Shang, the Executor.

16,000,00

Lau Yung Shi, and Ho Hang Chuen, the

Yau,

China,

Executrix and Executor,

47,900.00

Lo Foo,

Edward John Main,

Herbert Canton,

29th Oct., 1899, Hongkong, 21st Sept., 1903, Hongkong, 21st Feb., 1903, Hongkong,

Letters of Adm., Probate, Letters of Adm.,

Leung Ngai Hing,

Probate,

Lo Kam Tung, the eldest son,. Miranda Main, the sole Executrix, Ernest Hamilton Sharp and Victor Ho- bart Deacon, attorneys of Florence Canton, the lawful widow, Leung In Un, the sole Executor,

700.00

11,300.00

9,300.00

4,500.00

150.00

175 176

177 Nov. 5

178

179

180

181

182

183 184

190 Dec. 8

191

Sze To Cheung Tat alias

See Too Cheung Tuck, João Ubaldo dos Remedios,

Man Kwong Tin alias Man

Cheung Chan,

Ho Say Tai alias Ho Shi

Tai,

Ellen Maria Stevens,

George Heriot,.... William MacGregor,

185 Nov. 19

Joaquim Sanches Garcia,

186

Charles William Afah,

187

John Rayner Greey,

188 Dec. 10

Lo U On,

189 Nov. 27

C. Schnur,

Liu Hi,

194 195

196

197

198

192 193

William Cunningham, Charles Ehmer Fisher, known as William Charles Bishop, Helen Donald Stevens, Jacob Arnhold,

Chu Chak alias Cho Chak

alias Chu Cham Chun, Jermy Frederick Jephson, Li Leung Shi,

22nd Apr., 1903, Canton,

China,

10th Feb., 1903, Canton,

China,

1st Oct., 1903, Hongkong,

16th Oct., 1903, Hongkong,

18th Dec., 1902, England, 18th Nov., 1903, Hongkong, 13th Jan., 1903, Hongkong,

10th Apr., 1902, Macao, 20th Nov., 1903, Saigon, 11th Nov., 1903, Hongkong, 31st May, 1902, Kwong

Tung, China,

9th Nov., 1903, Hongkong, 27th Nov., 1903, Macao, Died in 1893, U. S. of Ame-

rica,

Letters of Adm., | Sze To H1 Shi, the lawful widow,..............

Do., Probate,

Letters of Adm., Do., Do., Probate,

Anna Maria de Souza Remedios, the

lawful widow,

Man Tsz Ting, the sole Executor,

Do.,

Probate,

Letters of Adm.,

150.00

49,000.00

Emma Heriot, the lawful widow, Arathoon Seth, Official Administrator, Cheung Shin Kiu, the lawful widow,

5,800.00

2,300.00

1,400,00

Letters of Adm.,

Do.,

| Arathoon Seth, Official Administrator,

Arathoon Seth, Official Administrator.... Arathoon. Seth, Official Administrator. Lo Yeung Shi, the Executrix,

Arathoon Seth, Official Administrator, Liu Hung Shi, the lawful widow, Arathoon Seth, Official Administrator,

3,600.00

700.00

250.00

6,200.00

800.00

200.00

1,500.00

Do., Probate,

Arathoon Seth, Official Administrator, Alexander Markell, one of the Executors,

500.00

(5)

Nil.

Helen Davies, the Executrix, Ernst Goetz, the Executor,

· 500.00 70,000.00

Cho Lau Shi, the Executrix,

7,100.00

23rd Mar., 1903, England, 23rd Feb., 1903, Hok San

District,

Do.,

Letters of Adm.,

Mary Ellen Jephson, sole Executrix,. Li Cheung Chung, the elder son of the

9,900.00

deceased,

1,200.00

Total..

$ 1,936,975.00

10th Mar., 1903, England, 31st Oct., 1903, Sydney,

5th Dec., 1903, Hongkong, 3rd July, 1903, England,

10th July, 1900, Cholon,

Annam,

Do., Letters of Adm., with the Will annexed, Probate,

(5) The Liabilities exceeded the Assets.

Supreme Court House, Hongkong, 31st December, 1903.

ARATHOON SETH,

Official Administrator,

394

No. 8.

RETURN of ESTATES vested in, or administered by, the Official Administrator during the half-year ended

30th June, 1903.

(Ordinance 3 of 1897, sec. 28.)

Amount

Deductions

Serial

received on

Name of Deceased.

No.

account

for! Disburse-

Balance on closing Account.

Disposal of Balance.

of Estate.

ments.

Francis Oswald Edlin,

1,381.20

771.62

609.58

Paid into the Treasury.

J. F. Borrowdale,

530.44

201.77

328.67

Do.

E. E. Smallwood,

177.49

128.67

48.82

Do.

H. E. Gruneberg,

700.00

128.55

571.45

Do.

Staff Sergt. H. C. Brown, R.E.,

2,204.35

168.65

2,035.70

Paid to the Officer Commanding

[Royal Engineers.

Sui Kwan,

4.80

0.24

4.56

Paid into the Treasury.

7 Tang Yan Tai,

2.81

0.14

2.67

Do.

H. Frendenthal,

30.00

1.50

28.50

Do.

J. W. Mielenhansen,

654.00

32.70

621.30

Do.

10 L. Moore,

150.00

7.50

142.50

Do.

F. M. P. da Rocha,

31.30

1.57

29.73

Paid to Mr. J. G. da Rocha, the uncle.

A. Pao,

21.38

1.07

20.31

Paid to Mrs. Ho Shim, the widow.

A. Cheen,

9.00

0.45

8.55

Paid into the Treasury.

Wong Sui,...

24.80

1.24

23.56

Paid to Mr. Wong Fok, the father.

15 Sergeant H. Allen, R.E.,

R.E.,..................

310.28

15.52

294.76

Paid into the Treasury.

16 F. J. Pentreath,

137.90

2.00

135.90

Do.

W. R. Jones,...

489.52

216.68

272.84

Do.

Mrs. Johorah Mahomed,

48.83

2.44

46.39

Do.

19 A. F. McKay,

135.21

60.96

74.25

Do.

20 George Williams,

4.00

Paid to Mrs. Rose Williams, the

[widow,

21: Ng Dong,

0.17

Paid into the Treasury.

222 223

James Meveety,

105.55

5.28

100.27

Do.

23 Fung Un,

6.00

0.30

5.70

Do.

Sik Mahomed,

1.65

0.08

1.57

Do.

Isher Singh,

0.21

Do.

26 Leung Chun,..........

1.00

0.05

0.95

Do.

27 J. McMichael,

264.63

121.18

143.45

Do.

Alberto R. Elias,

460.00

Do.

Choo Singh,

...

15.00

Do.

7,901.52

1,870.16

6,031.36

Supreme Court House, Hongkong, 31st December, 1903.

ARATHOON SETH,

Official Administrator.

395

No. 8 (a.)

RETURN of ESTATES vested in, or administered by, the Official Administrator during the half-year ended

31st December, 1903.

(Ordinance 3 of 1897, sec. 28.)

Serial No..

Amount received on

Deductions

Names of Deceased.

account

of Estate.

for Disburse-

ments.

Balance on closing Account.

Disposal of Balance.

$ c.

Thomas Charles McIntyre,......

81.81

76.41

C. 5.40

Paid into the Treasury.

Daniel Haywood,...

1,311.76

95.59

1,216.17

Do.

32 Tsang Chak,..

2.66

. 0.13

2.53

Transferred to Unclaimed Balances. Account.]

33 Friedrick Voss..

755.95

740.29

15.66

Paid into the Treasury.

Nand Singh,

3.68

0.18

3.50

Transferred to Unclaimed Balances.

Account.]

Sun Kwong,

0.24

Do.

Woh Po,

0.40

Do.

Charles William Afah,

688.34

66.94

621.40

Paid into the Treasury.

Ramper Sad,........

17.00

0.85

16.15

Do.

8888

39 William McGregor,

2,697.94

293.85

2,404.09

Do.

J. Halliday,......

10.59

0.53

10.06

Do.

C. Schnur,.......

732.33

60.82

671.51

Do.

Joaquim Sanches Garcia,

3,496.20

272.01

3,224.19

Do.

John Rayner Grey,

276.11

138.01

138.10

Do.

༨

Ching Lum U,........

6.26

0.31.

5.95

Do.

A. Rodrigues,

4.72

0.24

4.48

Do.

W. C. Johnston,.

205.80

10.29

195.51

Do.

N. C. Stevens,

1,177.75

58.89

1,118.86

Do.

11,469.54

1,815.34

9,654.20

;

ARATHOON SETH,

Official Administrator.

Supreme Court House, Hongkong, 31st December, 1903.

396

No. 9.

RETURN of all SUMS RECEIVED as REVENUE in the REGISTRY of the SUPREME COURT during the year

Original Jurisdiction,...

Summary

do.,

Bankruptey do.,

Probate

Admiralty

do., do.,

$8,210.05

6,774.45

1,199.95

5,174.70

507.80

Official Administrator's Commission,

2,861.77

Official Trustee's Commission,

296.00

Bailiff's Fees, (including what was hitherto described as Sheriff's Fees),

1,291.50

Fees on Distraints,.......

2,208.00

Registrar of Companies's Fees,.

8,697.00

Fines and Forfeitures,

500.00

Miscellaneous Receipts,.

17.52

Unclaimed Balances of Intestate Estates,

Registry, Supreme Court, Hongkong, 31st December, 1903.

No. 9 (a).

19 03.

$37,738.74 4,020.09

$41,758.83

ARATHOON SETH,

Acting Registrar.

;

COMPARATIVE RETURN of all SUMS COLLECTED in the REGISTRY of the SUPREME COURT during the year 1903, and paid into the TREASURY.

REGISTRAR.-Court Fees paid by Stamps,

OFFICIAL ADMINISTRATOR.-5% on amounts encashed and paid into the Treasury, OFFICIAL TRUSTEE-2 % on amount of Trust on taking over up to $10,000,

above $10,000 commision 1 %, and 2 % on income,

BAILIFF'S FEES.-(including what was hitherto described as Sheriff's Fees), REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES'S FEES,

FINES AND FORFEITURES,..

MISCELLANEOUS REGEIPTS,

Unclaimed Balances of Intestate Estates,

Registry, Supreme Court, Hongkong, 31st December, 1903.

1902. $19,188.72

1903. $24,074.95

2,583.96

2,861.77

137.44

1,462.50

296.00 1,291.50

6,647.50

8,697.00

43.12

500.00 17.52

$30,063.24 212.18

$37,738.74

4,020.09

$41,758.83

$30,275.42

ARATHOON SETH,

Acting Registrar.

મ

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

TROPICAL DISEASES RESEARCH.

(In continuation of Sessional Paper No. 29 of 1903.)

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

HONGKONG.

No. 46.

DOWNING STREET,

4th February, 1904.

SIR,-No reply having been received from you to Mr. CHAMBERLAIN's circular despatch of the 28th May last, on the subject of the investigation of malaria and the training of medical officers in the treatment and prevention of tropical diseases, a formal reminder was sent to you on the 1st of January.

2. Mr. CHAMBERLAIN noted in that despatch that a contribution of One hundred pounds is being made from the funds of the Colony to the London School of Tropical Medicine for a period of five years, but, as this arrangement was arrived at before the receipt of the circular, I desire to invite your attention to the more general question raised by my predecessor.

3. In the last paragraph of the circular Mr. CHAMBERLAIN wrote that "it is clear that the work cannot stand still and as long as those who can speak with the authority of science are confident that by human effort the rate of mortality from malaria and other tropical diseases can be greatly reduced and the strength and efficiency of European residents in unhealthy climates can be sensibly increased so long in my opinion ought funds to be forthcoming for carrying on what has been so well begun." Mr. CHAMBERLAIN went on to state that, while one or other of the objects mentioned in his despatch might more specially commend itself to a particular Colony he thought that as a rule Colonial contributions, if and when made, might with advantage continue to be paid into a common fund, to be administered by a Board advising the Secretary of State as to how the moneys received could at any given time be best allotted.

4. I share the views held by my predecessor as to the desirability of following the good work which has already been begun in the direction of combatting the diseases which are prevalent in tropical Colonies, and I should be glad if the Council would consider the question of making a small contribution to the common fund which it is proposed to establish in addition to the contribution which it has been decided to make to the London School of Tropical Medicine. At the same time I am very desirous that any funds contributed for the purpose by the Colony should be freely given on the ground that the objects for which contributions are asked are recognised as being beyond question beneficial and worthy of support; and that the Colony can well afford a contribution, even though the sum may be small.

5. I would ask you therefore to place the matter before the Legislative Council for their free and full consideration and I would only suggest that if, as I hope may be the case, they are inclined to vote a small further contribution, it should not be earmarked to a particular object but be paid into the common fund suggested by Mr. CHAMBERLAIN.

6. Possibly the Council may be willing to vote an annual sun of One hundred pounds for the term of five years at the expiration of which the matter can be again considered.

I have, &c.,

ALFRED LYTTELTON.

The Officer Administering the Government of

HONGKONG.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

(Translation.)

SIR,-The undersigned, Committee of the Tung Wá Hospital, have the honour to state that, in accordance with the established regulations, a public meeting of the members of the Hospital and of the Kaifong of the whole of Hongkong was summoned on the 2nd day of the 11th Moon (the 12th December, 1903,) for the public election of new Directors to take over the management of all the affairs con- nected with the Hospital.

The names of the sixteen newly elected Directors are now herewith submitted with a request that they may be forwarded to His Excellency the Officer Adminis- tering the Government for his information.

CHAU SIU-KI, of the Man On Insurance Company.

Tung Chan firm.

Sui Kat Bank.

Fung Shing-lung Rice shop. Kowloon Wharf & Godown Co.

MA FAT-TING,

Lai Hing firm.

CHU KIANG-WAN,

KWOK YIK-UE,

CHAN PUI-KAI,

WONG LAI-CRÜN,

CHAU U-TING,

Jebsen & Co..

})

LEUNG PING-NAM,,,

Ming Kee Piece goods shop.

U HOI-CHAU,

""}

Tsun Tai Foreign goods shop.

LO CHEUK-WAN,

CHỊU CHAU-SAM,

Kung Wo Hong.

Tseung Wo Californian firm.

Luk LAI-CHO,

Yan On Cotton Yarn firin.

WONG PIK-SHAN,

Wong Tseung Wa shop.

KWOK IN-WÛN,

Austrian Lloyds Steam Navigation Co.

LING YAU-CHIK,

Shang Yuen Opium shop.

CHAN WOK-UI,

Kwong On, pawnbroker.

Further, the names of the three of the sixteen Directors, who have been appointed to manage the financial affairs of the Hospital are subjoined :-

CHAU SIU-KI,

MA FAT-TING,

CHU KIANG-WAN.

Noon of the 16th of the 11th Moon of the Kwai Man Year (3rd January, 1904), has been selected as the time for handing over the accounts, deeds, and all the affairs of the Hospital to the new Directors.

As is customary the undersigned will act as Assistant Directors this year, and they present this petition, as in duty bound, hoping that you will peruse it.

A copy

of the statement of the receipts and disbursements of the Hospital for the Yam Yan Year (1902) is also herewith submitted for your information.

Dated the Kwai Mau Year (1903.)

Hon. A. W. BREWIN,

Registrar General,

&c.,

Sc.,

fe.

TANG LAN-KUK, and others.

Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of the Tung Wa Hospital for the Yam Yan Year (1902).

RECEIPTS.

1 Annual Subscriptions of Hongs,

2 Subscriptions collected on steamers,

Do.

4 Collected by Directors, Assistant Direc-

tors and Committee,.

5 Subscriptions by Theatrical Companies,...) 6 Subscribed by charitable persons for the purpose of supplying Medicines from the Dispensary to outside patients, 7 Payments for Medicines supplied by the

Dispensary,

8 Rent of Mortuary,

9 Sale of kitchen refuse, &c.,

10 Rent from the Kwong Man Lung firm,.

Hang Shing Wing

DISBURSEMENTS.

10,379.00

1 Food (of Employés),

3,513.91

2 Salaries,

and Donations,

4,969.15,

3 Drugs,

4 Sick Room Expenses,..

4,231.17% 7,983.83 11,669.42,6

7,665.03,

1,507.50

5 Stationery,

1,499.63

218.00

6 Free Burials,

10,389.23

7 Sundries,

3,676.50,2

8 Repairs, painting, whitewashing, &c.,

4,488.947

620.00

9 Building Expenses,

224.00

10 Furniture,

1,280.94,

11 Crown Rent,

30.86

155.64,

12 Insurance,

Balance.....

1.50 416.00 558.53 1,182.41

700.00

3,220.00

Kwong Tai Tseung

450.00

Kwong Wo Cheung

1,350.00

Tsung Lung Shang

1,210.00

Sui Kee

1,200.00

Tak Tsung

1,080.00

Kwong Hung Shing

1,375.00

Sam Yik

1,625.00

Kwong Lun Tai

2,100.00

Nam Wo & Co.,

142.00

Kwong Shang Shing firm,

1,562.00

Wong Cheung Kee

250.00

Shing Tsai Hin

150.00

Shing Tsat Hin

50.00

•

Lau Pun Ching Hop Shang Shing Kwong On Tsung San Tung Wo Leung Yun Kee

60.00

495.00

721.50

600.00

297.00

198.00

Tse Kok San

49.50

•

Fa La Man

154.11

1,800.00

Tsan Hing

312.00

وو

Chan U Ping

Kwong Lim Po

Shing Cheung Lung Li Yuk On

Mrs. Wong's School,

Kwong Hing Lung firm,... Pun Chung Han

182.00

180.00

312.00

168.00

156.00

....

341.00

70.00

Chan In Tong

30.00

Wang Fai Tseung

45.00

Fung Ip Shang

52.00

ง

Mui Kai Nam

Kwong Hing

Nang Kee

Hop Lung

U Lim Tsun

Pun Lok Chan

Kwok Kan

Ho Hi Won Au I Hung Cheng Kam Po Kwong Shan Ue Chung Sing Ngam Yuen Shing Tsung Kwong Tsung Wan Fung Ki Cheuk

60 Annual Subscriptions from Individuals,

61 Subscriptions of various Shops,

180.00

€60.00 292.50 54.50

25.50

51.00

42.50

270.00

70.00

75.00

96.00

3,650.00 2,480.00

Total,...

.$ 53,986.22,

Total,.......................................$53,986.22,%

Report of the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, for the year 1905.

SANITARY BOARD OFFICES,

HONGKONG, 18th May, 1904.

SIR,I have the honour to submit for the information of the Board the fol- lowing report for the year 1903.

Importation of Live Stock.

Cattle have been plentiful throughout the year. There appears to be no difficulty in obtaining a regular supply of useful bullocks from the mainland. The imported cattle have been of good quality. The majority of the imported The export animals are only housed prior to shipment to the Philippine Islands. trade has been brisk all the year.

The animal The

One case of Anthrax occurred at the Depôts during the year. was found dead in the morning and no reliable history could be got. premises were cleansed and disinfected and no other case occurred.

Cases of Foot-and-mouth Disease have occurred during the year. This discase as seen among pure Chinese cattle assumes an exceedingly mild form. There is no systemic disturbance and the only lesion is seen on the tongue. In fact so mild is the disease that there is reason to believe that many cases entirely escape notice. By systematic cleansing and disinfection the disease never became at all serious.

In June a serious epidemic of a Haemorrhagic Septicemia appeared. A special grant was given by Government for the investigation of this disease. A preliminary investigation was undertaken by the Government Bacteriologist and myself and the result of this enquiry is the subject of a separate report which has already been submitted to Government.

The total number of cattle admitted to the Depôts at Kennedy Town during the year was 57,693, an increase on the previous year of 19,162. At Hung Hom 6,397 were admitted as against 5,065 of the former year. At Kennedy Town 37 cattle were rejected as unfit for food as against 652 in 1902. This figure is significant of a better class of cattle being imported since the chief cause of rejection is emaciation. At Hung Hom 406 were rejected as unfit. The greater number of these rejections occurred in the early part of the year and the explanation seems to be that many of the cattle which the owners knew well would be rejected at Kennedy Town as unfit were taken to Hung Hom and also to the fact that many of them were rejected there more than once, i. e., they were rejected and taken away and brought back again after a month or so and again rejected.

At Kennedy Town 34,410 sheep and goats were admitted, an increase of 1,746 on the previous year. Swine for 1903 show a decrease of 16,579 since This decrease is difficult to account for in a satis- 169,017 were admitted.

factory manner. The numbers dealt with during the first nine months of the year showed an increase on the first nine months of the previous year but there was a marked falling off during October, November and December. This may tie due to the fact that there was a considerable rise in the price of pork at that bme. It is noteworthy that with the rise in price of pork there seems to be an in- creased demand for beef by Chinese and for facilities for selling beef.

341

Cattle Crematorium.

The Crematorium was finished and started work on the 23rd of March. It consists of two cells, one for the cremation of carcases and the other an ex- perimental cell for the destruction of refuse. The attached statement shows the working of the cremation cell since its opening (91⁄2 months):

Carcases cremated :—Cattle,

....

Sheep and Goats.. Swine,

Total,..

353

314

751

Condemned meat,

Condemned goods from Markets,

Amount of coal used,

7,442 lbs.

1 ton (about).

59 tons 18 cwt. 7 lbs.

A few experiments were made with the refuse destructor cell, but its use has since been abandoned. The cremation cell has given no trouble in working. When heated and going the coal consumption is not great, and carcases are burnt to a blackish grey ash. It has been found in working that when the carcases of pigs are burnt along with cattle less coal is consumed than with cattle only. This seems due to the large amount of fat that these carcases contain. Reckoning the amount of condemned meat, 7,442 lbs. as equivalent to about 11 animals of 650 lbs. each, gives a total of 762 animals cremated with roughly speaking 60 tons of coal or about 1.57 cwt. per carcase.

Slaughter-houses.

Kennedy Town Slaughter-house.-The total revenue for the year amounted to $79,040.10 made up for as follows:

22,683 cattle slaughtered,...@ 40 cents each,...$ 9,073.20

18,571 sheep & goats,,

153,539 swine

...@ 20°

.@ 30

3,714.20

46,061.70

34,907 cattle

removed,...@ 50

17,453.50

12,097 sheep & goats

15,278 swine

...

.@ 10 .@ 10

1,209.70

1,527.80

Total,

$79,040.10

The

This shows an increase over all on last year's revenue of $6,012.50. only totals less than last year are swine. In 1902 swine contributed $53,049.70 but this year swine only contributed $47,589.50, a decrease of $5,630.20.

The Slaughter-houses at Hung Hom and Shaukiwan continue to be leased as formerly. At Hung Hom the Cattle Depôt is under the management of the Board.

The total number of animals slaughtered during the year are :—

Kennedy Town,

Hung Hom,

Shaukiwan,

Aberdeen,

Totals,

Cattle. 22,683 5,652

Sheep & Goats.

Pigs.

18,571 4,347

153,539

24,787

...

4,968

3,971

28,335 22,918

187,265

The figures given for pigs in Hung Hom, Shaukiwan and Aberdeen are those given by the Contractor for the privelege of slaughtering animals in these slaughter-houses and are not checked in any way.

342

The following table shows the numbers of animals slaughtered during the past ten years :-

YEAR.

Cattle.

Sheep & Goats.

Swine,

1894

16,898

10,937

125,725

1895

19,218

12,592

129,835

1896

19,546

14,693

129,103

1897

20,094

14,226

,137,748

1898

21,541

15,956

153,485

1899

23,582

17,353

156,292

1900

23,939

18,364

165,760

1901

24,938

18,544

172,205

1902

25,669

20,780

202,495

1903

28,335

22,918

187,265

I should like here to call attention to the prevalence of the Distoma Hepaticum among cattle. It is rarely observed here in the pig and sheep. In Britain the sheep is the chief sufferer and the condition brought about, usually known as Liver Rot, is frequently a fatal one. In the cattle here, however, the disease appears to be less deadly since in the livers of at least 75 per cent. of the adult cattle killed in the Slaughter-house these parasites are found in the bile ducts. The Distoma Hepaticum can only multiply in conjunction with undrained land with surface water courses, and the little streams for irrigating the rice fields offer ideal breeding places for this parasite. The cattle are largely pastured on the raised grassy banks between the paddy fields beside the irrigating streamlets, and are thus favourably placed for contracting the disease. This parasite is not directly com- municable from oxen to man.

I am pleased to have to report that Tuberculosis is exceedingly rare among pure bred Chinese cattle as killed in the Hongkong Slaughter-houses. I have not yet seen seen a case, but one case was, I believe, observed by Dr. HUNTER in 1902. This disease, however, is by no means unknown among imported cattle.

Dairies and Cattle Sheds.

During the year, two outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease occurred-one at the Dairy Farm Company's premises at Pokfulam and the other at their premises at Sassoon's Villas. In both cases the disease was confined to the sheds in which it first appeared. This disease takes a more acute form among the European cattle than among pure native animals. No deaths however occurred.

During the autumn of the year, in two of the European dairies in the Colony a condition appeared anong the cows that had many of the symptoms of malaria in the human subject. Towards evening the temperature rose to 103° or 105° F. and returned to normal or almost in the morning. The animals lost flesh rapidly and the yield of milk was interfered with. I advised large doses of quinine and there was a rapid improvement in the condition. Recovery was soon complete and there has been no recurrence of the affection. While the animals were sick I ex- amined smears of blood microscopically but was unable to find any trace of a parasite. Somewhat distrustful of my microscopic examinations I asked Dr. HUNTER to assist me. Many preparations were made but nothing could be found. Considerable quantities of quinine had been given before Dr. HUNTER made his examination so that this may have influenced the result, This condition seems to merit further enquiry should opportunity again present itself.

In December a severe outbreak of disease occurred at Kennedy's Dairy, Causeway Bay. The disease was that form of Hæmorrhagic Septicemia which is the subject of investigation. It was thought advisable to slaughter all the herd. This was accordingly done and the owners compensated.

The dairies and cowsheds have been regularly inspected during the year and their condition has been fairly satisfactory.

342a

Markets.

The most noteworthy fact in connection with the Markets during the year was the appearance of plague among the fowls offered for sale. The Central and Western Markets suffered most severely. The fowls come from different points all along the coast and usually arrive at the Markets in small lots where they are sold on commission by the stall-holders. Individual lots are very difficult to trace so that no trustworthy history could be got as to where the affected fowls had come from or how long they had been in the Colony. All the old fowl pens were burnt, the newer ones washed and disinfected, and the shops washed, disinfected and limewashed, after which the disease disappeared.`

Central Market.-Owing to the increase of business in the wholesale vegeta- ble section it was decided to move the wholesale fish dealers into the middle avenue and allow the vegetable dealers to occupy all that the part of the Market. The north half of the middle avenue is now being prepared for the fish dealers.

Western Market.--This market is still very much overcrowded. In spite of all that has been done in the way of limewashing, tarring and repairing floors it is exceedingly difficult to keep it even moderately clean.

It was found that outside coolies used this market to sleep in at night. Ac- cordingly new gates were put on and the place locked up. As stall-holders were anxious that some one should represent them in the Market at night a limited number of caretakers were allowed per stall and the lessee made responsible for any one sleeping on his stail. Surprise visits by the Inspector of Markets are paid to the Markets at night at irregular intervals but the practice appears to be stopped.

Wanchai Market. --An extension to this Market has been proceeded with and will be ready for occupancy early in 1904.

Des Vaux Road Market.-With a view to relieving the congested condition of the Western Market, a temporary Market was erected near the site of the new Harbour Office. At first this Market was well patronised and stalls let freely, but this was not kept up. Now, except for poultry and vegetables, the Market is almost deserted.

Sookompo.-This Market was enlarged during 1902 and for a time some diffi- culty was experienced in letting the additional stalls. During the year more stalls were taken up but there are still some vacant.

Nothing worthy of comment occurred during the year with regard to the other Markets in Hongkong or Kowloon. In order to provide for the growth of the population between Shaukiwan and Quarry Bay a site at Sai Wan Ho has been selected and reserved for a Market.

The large numbers of hawkers on the street are exceedingly difficult to su- pervise. The greatest numbers of these are to be found in the cross streets above the Western Market. The sides of Lower Lascar Row especially are daily covered with vegetable hawkers. These men compete at a decided advantage with the legiti- mate stall-holder or outside shop licence holder. They pay no rent and their licence fee is merely a nominal one.

Staff.

Kennedy Town Slaughter-house and Animal Depôts.-Inspector COTTON, assisted by Inspector ROGERS, was in charge until the beginning of May, when Inspector WATSON returned from leave and took charge. Inspector COTTON then went on a year's leave, but returned to duty on 1st October.

Mr. PANG SUN, Shroff, absconded on the 6th June, owing to irregularities in keeping his accounts. It was found afterwards that the Government had sustained no loss through his delinquencies. Mr. WONG KIN Tsor was appointed in his place on the 1st of August and has performed his duties in a very satisfac- tory manner.

Markets. Inspector MCEWEN was Inspector of Markets until suspended from duty owing to charges of receiving bribes being brought against him. During his suspension, Inspector BRETT, loaned from the Sanitary Staff, per- formed his duties. After Inspector MCEWEN had been acquitted of the charges

3426

he was transferred to the Sanitary Staff. Inspector BRETT continued to dis- charge the duties of Inspector of Markets until Inspector COTTON returned from leave, when Inspector ROGERS was set free and took over the Inspection of Markets.

Exportation of Animals.

On the 15th of October the Regulations for the Exportation of Animals came into force. This necessitated the inspection of every ship leaving the Colony with more than ten cattle on board. A good deal of extra work has thus been entailed. Although the actual inspection when once a ship has been fitted for carrying cattle does not take very long, yet there is a good deal of time spent in going back and forwards to the ship by launch or sampan. The shipping com- panies however in almost all instances have been kind enough to put a launch at my disposal when visiting their ships and this is a considerable saving of time and expense.

Altogether, since the passing of the Regulations, 48 ships have been inspected. The opinion among cattle shippers so far as I have been able to ascertain seems to be unaminously in favour of these Regulations.

New Territory.

One outbreak of disease was reported from the San Tin District. Although the district was visited immediately on receipt of the information, nothing definite with regard to the nature of the epidemic could be obtained. Of whatever nature the disease was, it did not extend beyond the village first attacked.

During the year I have visited the greater part of the cultivated land in the New Territory, principally with a view to finding some suitable land for cattle rais- ing purposes. I was most favourably impressed with the plateau on Lan Tao Island, but there, although grass is plentiful in the rainy season, yet during the dry season there is not enough water.

I have, &c.,

ADAM GIBSON.

36 No. 1904

HONGKONG.

VIOLATION OF BRITISH TERRITORY: DES VOEUX ROAD MURDER, 1903.

HUNG TSUN-FUK CASE.)

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

(From Governor Sir Henry Blake to the Secretary of State.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE,

HONGKONG, 18th June, 1903.

SIR, With reference to my Despatch of 30th April,* I have the honour to transmit a copy of a Memorandum* giving an epitome of the information and evidence in the possession of the Government. There is reason to believe that HUNG TSUN KWEI was a prominent member of the conspiracy of which the Chinese Authorities received the first intimation from this Government. This man left Hongkong on the 31st March. A reward had been offered for his capture, dead or alive, and for the purpose of obtaining this reward a Cantonese bad character named CHEUNG CHO TING appears to have conceived the crime of enticing to Hongkong a friend in Canton, who bore a likeness to HUNG TSUN KWEL the conspirator, and there murdering him and returning the body to Canton as that of HUNG TSUN KWEI and claiming the reward. The Memorandum shows the manner in which this scheme was carried out. The action of the Chinese Gunboat leaves no doubt that by some authority the Gunboat was engaged on the service of conveying a kidnapped prisoner, or a murdered body from Hongkong, and there is evidence of the direct complicity of Admiral Ho in the violation of British territory.

I have, &c.,

HENRY A. BLAKE,

Governor, &c.

II.

(From the Officer Administering the Government to His Majesty's Minister, Peking.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 20th April, 1904.

I have, &c.,

* Not printed.

F. H. MAY.

Officer Administering the Government.

No. 138.

506

III.

(From His Majesty's Acting Consul General, Canton, to

the Acting Colonial Secretary.)

HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL, CANTON, 5th May, 1904.

I replied to this Despatch yesterday in the terms of enclosure 3.*

I have, &c.,

C. W. CAMPBELL,

Acting Consul General.

(Enclosure to No. 138 of the 5th May, 1904. From Mr. B. Giles to Mr. C. W. Campbell, C.M.G.).

HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL,

CANTON, 4th May, 1904.

SIR,- With reference to the case of the murder of HUNG TSUN-FUK by CHANG CHO-TING in Hongkong, I have the honour to report that, in accordance with your instructions, I proceeded this afternoon to the execution ground to be present at the execution of CHANG C'HO-T'ING by the Native Authorities. On arriving at the place Mr. MAJOR, who accompanied me, identified the criminal, who was then immediately beheaded in our presence.

I have, &c.,

BERTRAM GILES,

Vice-Consul.

IV.

(From the Acting Colonial Secretary to His Majesty's Acting Consul General, Canton.)

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 10th May, 1904.

SIR, I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 138 of the 5th instant, in which you state that CHANG C'HO-T'ING was executed on the 4th instant, and enclosing a translation of a letter from the Viceroy of the Two Kwangs in which he apologises for the violation of British Sovereignty committed at the instigation of Chinese Officials in connection with the case of HUNG TSUN- FUK. I am to request you to be so good as to inform the Viceroy that this Govern- ment accepts his expressions of regret at the circumstance. His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government felt satisfied that when the facts were made known to His Excellency the Viceroy, he would use every effort to bring the offenders to justice, and expects in due course to receive an assurance that the other persons implicated in the outrage have also undergone suitable punishment.

I have, &c.,

A. M. THOMSON, Acting Colonial Secretary.

* Not printed.

No. 157.

507

(From His Majesty's Acting Consul General, Canton, to the

Acting Colonial Secretary.

HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL,

CANTON, 27th May, 1904.

SIR,--With reference to your letter of May 10th the contents of which I communicated to the Viceroy as requested, I have the honour to enclose, for the information of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government of Hong- kong, a copy and translation of a Despatch received yesterday. The Imperial Decree therein enclosed appears to me to be satisfactory, and I propose to inform the Viceroy that as soon as I receive His Excellency's assurance that the punish- ments stated have been carried out the HUNG TSUN-FUK case will be considered closed.

I have, &c.,

C. W. CAMPBELL.

Acting Consul General.

(Enclosure to No. 157 of the 27th May, 1904. Translation of a Despatch from Viceroy Ts'en to Mr. Campbell.)

SIR,-With reference to the case of HUNG TSUN-FUK, I have the honour to inform you that I memorialised the Throne, praying that all the officials who had been implicated in the affair should be dealt with, each according to his deserts. On the 17th of May last I received an Imperial Edict, copy of which I herewith transmit for your information.

I have, &c.,

(Viceroy's Seal.)

Copy of Imperial Edict.

With reference to the Memorial of Viceroy Ts'EN, praying for the punishment of the spy who compassed the death of the man he had deceived, thereby violating the territory of Hongkong and received a reward under false pretences; and that of the officials who connived at his offence; we hereby decree that Ho WEI-TSUNG, Senior Lieutenant in charge of the 4th Battalion of the 1st Division of the Pro- vincial Admiral's troops; LIN SHAN, Senior Lieutenant in charge of the 4th Battalion of the 4th Division under the command of the Colonel stationed at Chih-hsi; FANG HSING-KUO, SU T'ING-CHEN and LIU CHIN-YUEH, Senior Sub- Lieutenants, and the deceased Sergeant CHU CH'ANG are to be cashiered. Ho CH'ANG-CH'ING, Admiral for the Province of Kuang-tung, who was guilty of neglect of duty, is to be removed from his post as a warning to others. For the rest, the matter is to be dealt with as suggested by the Viceroy.

No. 185.

VI.

(From His Majesty's Acting Consul General, Canton, to the Acting Colonial Secretary).

HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULATE GENERAL, CANTON, 20th June, 1904.

SIR,—With reference to my letter No. 157 of May 27th. I have the honour to enclose a copy and translation of a Despatch from the Viceroy, in which His Excellency states that Admiral Ho has been removed, and that the minor officials concerned in the HUNG TSUN-FUK case have been dismissed.

I have informed the Viceroy that the case may now be considered closed.

I have, &c.,

C. M. CAMPBELL,

Acting Consul General,

(No. IV.)

† Not printed.

508

(Enclosure to No. 185 of the 20th June, 1904. From

Viceroy Ts'en to Mr. Campbell).

(Translation.)

16th June, 1904.

When the Imperial Edict above referred to was telegraphed to me, I immedi- ately sent copies to the various officials concerned for their guidance, as well as one to you for your information. Since then Admiral Ho CHANG-CH'ING has been removed from his post; and the vacancies caused by the dismissal of the other officers implicated have been filled by temporary substitutes. The terms of settle- ment have thus been carried out in fall; and I would therefore ask you to inform the Governor of Hongkong accordingly.

I have. &c.,

(Viceroy's Seal.)

VII.

(From the Acting Colonial Secretary to His Majesty's Acting

Consul General, Canton.)

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE, HONGKONG, 25th June, 1904.

SIR, I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 20th, instant enclosing copy of Despatch from the Viceroy of the Two Kwangs stating that Admiral Ho had been removed from office and that the minor officials conerned in the HUNG case had been dismissed. You added that you had in- formed the Viceroy that the case may now be considered closed.

On behalf of this Government, I am to thank you for the valuable assistance rendered by you in connection with this case.

I have, &c.,

(No. VI)

A. M. THONSON,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

No. 1904

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS. Training Season 1903-1904.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

His Excellency

Minute by His Excellency the General Officer Commanding.

THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT.

Forwarded.

I was much pleased with the firing I saw carried out; also to know that some of the Corps took part in the recent mobilisation of Section II of the Defence.

I have information that the Engine and Light required will be here soon.

V. HATTON,

Major-General,

COMMANDING TROOPS, SOUTH CHINA, HONGKONG.

23rd April, 1904.

From Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

To the Deputy Assistant Adjutant General (A) and Chief Staff Officer, South China.

VOLUNTEER HEAD QUARTERS,

HONGKONG, 21st April, 1904.

SIR, I have the honour to forward herewith the following documents relating to the training, etc. of the Hongkong Volunteer Corps for the season 1903-1904 for the information of His Excellency the Major-General Commanding and for favour of transmission to His Excellency the Officer Adininistering the Government:-

1. Roll of Efficients.

2. State of Corps, April 1st, 1904.

3. Inspection State, March 26th, 1904. 4. Musketry Return, Engineer Company. 5. Results of Revolver Practice.

6. Report on Gun Practice, .303 Maxim.

7. Do.

do.,

15-Pr. B. L.

2. On April 1st, 1903, the total strength of the Corps was 274, but of this number, 24 (17 Artillery, 4 Engineer Company, and 3 Band) were written off during April as resigned, absent and not likely to return to the Colony, or for other reasons, thus leaving the total number to commence the year at 250.

The total strength of the Corps on 31st March, 1904, is 230 (including Chi- nese Orderly Room Clerk); of this total, 10 (8 Artillery and 2 Engineers) will shortly be written off, leaving the actual total to commence the season 1904-1905 at 220, the falling off of 30 in addition to those written off in April each year is as follows:-

Artillery Companies 28, Engineer Company 2; leaving totals as follows:- Staff 8, Artillery Companies 188, Engineers 21, Band 3.

I attribute the falling off in the Artillery Units to the same cause as last year, namely, the heavy Garrison Artillery work and distance to go to drill at the forts, which has now been overcome, and in the Engineers to the long distance to go to the work and the fact that the shed promised at Kowloon has not yet been fitted up.

The question of Head Quarters also affects the numbers as stated later in this report.

488

3. During the past season, 1 member has died, 66 have resigned (28 in Colony and 38 on leaving the Colony), 15 hav ebeen struck off as absent without leave and for other causes.

4. Thirty-eight new members have been enrolled.

EQUIPMENT.

5. There has been no alteration in the equipment of the Corps since last season; but the C. R. A. has kindly placed two additional 15-Pr. B. L. Guns (making four altogether) at the temporary disposal of the Corps.

One of these is kept at the Taikoo Sugar Works to enable the men there to drill with them without coming to the Head Quarters, and the remaining three are kept in the verandah outside the Head Quarters.

Accommodation under cover for these guns is badly wanted, at present a watchman has to be kept to look after the guns at night and they add greatly to the inconvenience so often reported on at the present Head Quarters.

It has been decided that the Corps is to be armed with the new service Rifle, the correspondence on this subject stated that they might be expected to be issued about November, 1904.

APPOINTMENTS, ETC. OF OFFICERS.

6. The changes, etc. among the Officers of the Corps during the season have been as under :-

Staff.

7. Major C. G. PRITCHARD was granted leave from June 3rd to August 19th, 1903, and during his absence

8. Major A. CHAPMAN took over the duties of Acting Commandant.

9. E. A. R. LAING was appointed Lieutenant (Supernumerary Medical Officer) on the 4th December, 1903.

10. Sergeant-Major J. POWER was removed from his appointment on 9th October, 1903, having been convicted of embezzling Corps funds.

11. Regimental Quarter Master Sergeant W. HIGBY, R. G. A., was appointed Sergeant-Major on probation on 16th October, 1903.

No. 1 Company, II. K. V. A.

12. Lieutenant J. H. W. ARMSTRONG was promoted Captain on 15th October, 1903, and was transferred to command the Right Half of No. 2 Company, H. K. V. A. vice Captain SANDERS.

13. Company Sergeant-Major J. A. T. PLUMMER, No. 2 Company, H. K. V. A., was appointed Lieutenant on 15th October, 1903.

14. Sergeant J. DANBY, No. 2 Company, H. K. V. A., was appointed Lieute- nant on 15th October, 1903.

No. 2 Company, H. K. V. A.

15. Captain E. D. SANDERS resigned his commission on 27th May, 1903, on leaving the Colony.

16. Captain J. H. UNDERWOOD resigned his commission on the 10th October, 1903.

17. Captain A. R. GRIEVE resigned his commission on the 6th May, 1903, on leaving the Colony.

489

18 Lieutenant T. SKINNER was promoted Captain to command Left Half of No. 2 Company, H. K. V. A., on October 15th, 1903, vice Captain Underwood.

ENGINEER COMPANY.

19. Lieutenant J. W. GRAHAM resigned his commission on 30th September, 1903.

DISCIPLINE, TRAINING, etc.

20. The Discipline of the Corps has been exceedingly good throughout the

season.

Drill with the heavy guns as at Stonecutters' Island was carried out during the early part of the season, and drill with the 15-Pr. B L. Guns and Maxims at Head Quarters all through the year.

Maxim Practice was carried out frequently in Camp on January 9th, January 23rd (Competition for Sir W. J. GASCOIGNE'S Shield) and February 16th. (En- closure No. 6.)

15-Pr. B. L. Gun Practice was carried out on January 9th and on February 16th, 1904, with very good results. Practice Reports are attached. (Enclosure No. 7.)

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding was present on February 16th, 1904. On each occasion of Gun Practice the men were changed round con- tinually so as to test their efficiency to the utmost and the barrel targets were sunk in each case by the ranging rounds before fuzing so that the greater part of the practice had to be carried out at small pieces of wreckage and the reports clearly show that the accuracy of shooting was excellent.

During the coming season it is proposed to fire some of the series at longer

ranges.

21. Under the head of Drills the figures are as follows:-

Staff. No. 1 Coy. No. 2 Coy. Engineer Coy. Band.

Efficients with more

than 30 drills,... Efficients with less

than 30 drills....

Non-Efficients,

Total,

107

Of the 41 Non-Efficients, 16 have been called upon to make good the loss to the Corps Funds, i.e., $25 each, 7 have been excused owing to the nature of their employment, 12 are absent (with leave) from the Colony, and 6 Recruits have been unable to complete the necessary number of drills.

The number of Non-Efficients shows a distinct decrease on the number last year and I am of opinion that, although the numbers have again fallen, the effici- ency in proportion to the total is greater than in former years. I hope now that the heavy gun drills have been stopped that the decrease in numbers will be checked and every endeavour is being made to get more recruits to join.

22. Musketry was carried out during the Camp of Instruction and as many members as possible were put through the course. The members of the Engineer Company fired the full course laid down in the Musketry Regulations, 1903, the members of the Artillery Companies fired at 200 yards. 300 yards and 500 yards; the average was good, but according to regulations the latter are not classified.

23. The Officers of the Corps have practiced with revolvers on different occa- sions, with good results. Enclosure No. 5 shows the average obtained for service practice.

490

CAMP OF INSTRUCTION.

24. The Annual Camp was held under canvas at Stonecutters' Island from October 23rd to November 2nd, 1903.

The attendance was better than in the previous year, in spite of the fact that a typhoon kept men away for nearly 2 full days out of the 10.

Stonecutters' West Battery was manned at night by the Artillery Units, and the Engineer Company manned the Search Lights.

The usual Company, carbine and rifle drills, were carried out, and the Artillery Units devoted the greater part of the time to 15-Pr. B. L. and Maxim Gun Drill in which a keen interest was taken.

Practice was carried out with the Maxim Guns on the Range with good results, also Class-firing by a number of men, but time did not permit of the whole Corps completing the course.

The Engineer Company in addition to Musketry and Infantry drills, carried out daily drills with the engines and search lights under the supervision of Royal Engineer Instructors.

Two accidents occurred during the period in Camp which were attended to by Lieutenant SWAN, the Medical Officer, and in both cases valuable first aid was given by the members of the Ambulance Class in Camp. Next year it is proposed to arrange for one of the Medical Officers to remain in Camp during the whole period.

25. The Officer Commanding Royal Artillery inspected the Artillery Units on October 31st. Drill was carried out with the 15-Pr. B. L. and Maxim Guns, and the C. R. A. expressed himself pleased with the result.

26. The O. C. S. M., R. E., carried out an examination of the members of the Engineer Company on October 31st, and stared that their knowledge and progress was good.

27. The Officer Commanding the Troops inspected the Corps on parade on Sunday, November 1st, and also made an inspection of the Camp. He remarked on the steadiness of the men on parade and stated that he considered the Camp was better laid out and more soldierly than in previous years.

MISCELLANEOUS.

28. The Annual Inspection of the Corps by His Excellency the General Officer Commanding was held on March 26th, 190 f. A parade state is attacted. (Enclosure No. 3.)

The absentees from the Inspection are as under :—

23 absent with leave out of the Colony.

16 absent with leave on special duties in the Colony,

10 absent on Medical Certificates.

11 absent without leave.

29. The competition for the Musketry Shield presented by Sir H. A. BLAKE, G. C. M. G, took place on May 2nd, 1903, at Tai Hang Rifle Range, and was again won by the Left Half, No. 1 Company, 11. K. V. A.

30. The competition for the Shield presented by Sir W. J. GASCOIGNE, K. C. M. G., for Maxim Gun practice fook place on January 23rd, 1904, and was won by the Right Half No. 2 Company, H. K. V. A.

31. The Corps took part in the King's Birthday parade in conjunction with the remainder of the Garrison at the Happy Valley on November 9th, 1903.

491

32. An Ambulance Class was conducted hy Captain F. O. STedman, m.d., nine members of the Corps presented themselves for examination, of whom 8 qualified.

33. Confidential correspondence was carried on during the year with the Colonial Defence Committee on the subject of the Organization of the Corps and it was finally decided that the Artillery portion of the Corps should in future carry out Moveable Armament and Maxin Gun duties and not drill with the fixed armament in the Forts.

This decision was communicated to the members of the Corps on parade on February 16th, 1904. I hope that this decision may check the further decrease in the numbers.

34. In my report last year I mentioned that it had been sanctioned that a shed should be put up at Kowloon to contain an engine and search light instal- lation for special instruction of the Volunteers.

On February 3rd, 1904, I received information that this building had been completed, but that the engine and light were required to complete the defences. I hope that these may soon be replaced, the Engineer Company has decreased in strength to 21 at the present time, and it would be advisable to endeavour to popularize this useful portion of the Corps by enabling them to do their technical drills without proceeding in every case to the forts.

35. The question of suitable Head Quarters for the Corps still remains un- settled.

36. A Kitson Light installation (2 lamps) was approved and fitted up on the parade ground in December, 1903.

This has proved a great convenience and enabled the Guu Drill, laying, etc. with 15-Pr. B. L. and Maxim Guns to be carried out under better conditions than formerly.

SERVICES.

37. Major A. CHAPMAN took over the duties of Acting Commandant during my absence on leave froin June 3rd to August 19th, 1903, and has always afforded me valuable assistance in all matters concerning the welfare of the Corps.

The other Officers of the Corps have also, in almost every case, rendered excellent service and set a good example to the Non-Commissioned Officers and men by their attendance at drills and their endeavours to promote the efficiency of the Corps.

Sergeant-Major W. HIGBY, R. G. A., joined the Staff at the commencement of the Annual Camp and from the date of taking over his duties has proved him- self a zealous, hardworking Non-Commissioned Officer, and has made himself popular with all ranks in the Corps.

First Class Armourer Sergeant J. T. HAWKS has fulfilled his duties in a very satisfactory manner.

The duties of Orderly Room Clerk have been performed by YEUNG SHI-CHAI, who has now been put on the permanent Staff of the Corps, he has done his work well and during the period between September 27th and October 16th, whilst I was without the services of a Sergeant-Major, he greatly assisted in the heavy clerical work entailed by the arrangements for the Camp.

I have, &c.,

C. G. PRITCHARD, Major, Commandant and Adjutant,

Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

492

Enclosure No. 1.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

Roll of Efficients for the Year ending 31st March, 1904.

STAFF.

Pritchard, C. G., ......P.

Chapman, A.,.... .........................P.

Stedman, F. O.,

Swan, J. H.,...

.P.

Commandant.

2nd in Command.

Surgeon.

Do.

Major

Do.

Captain

Lieutenant

Do.

Sgt.-Major

.P.

Corps Sergeant-Major. Corps Arm.-Sergeant.

Laing, E. A. R., ..............P. Higby, W.

Arm.-Sergt. Hawks, J. T...........P.

Do.

Right Half, No. 1 Company, H. K. Volunteer Artillery.

Roll of Efficients.

Rank and Name.

وو

•

Captain Lieutenant

Co. Sgt. Maj.

C. Q. M. Sgt. Sergeant,

Corporal

P MacDonald, D.

Gunner

P Plummer. J. A. T.

P Danby, J. D.

P Kennett, H. W.

P Cotton, J. T.

P Meek, T.

Stewart, W.

P Nobbs, A. P.

P Hance, C. E. A.

P Henderson, R.

Lammert, H. A.

Deas, W. M.

Hance, J. H. R. (Passed

for Sergeant).

Seth, S. A.

MacKie, A. J. (Passed

for Sergeant).

Bombardier,

Craddock, H. E.

McIver, M.

Herbst, C. E.

Cross, T. L.

Trumpeter

Moore, F.

Gunner

Moore, S. R.

Lammert. L. E.

Alves, A. E.

Abraham, E.

Abraham, R.

Andrews, W. T. Austin, H. C. Baker, F. H.

Bain, H. M.

Bain, F. D.

Brett, L. E.

Humphreys, E. Chunnett, F. G. Chunnett, O. R. Ellis, O. J. Goggin, W. G. Haggard, H. E.

Kennett, H. S.

Loureiro, A.

Pestonji, R.

•

Seth, H. A.

Olson, C. W.

ས!

Austen, E. P. Raymond, A. Humphreys, C. Raymond, E. Long, G. O. Sibbitt, J. T. Clelland, J. Guy, L. Earby, E. A. Jordan, J. P. Kew. I. W. Olson, J. Spittles, B. J.

Watson, W.

Sheffield, A. E. Shaw, E.

Pelling, W. W.

Seth, J. H. Simmons, M. Squair, A. C. Witchell, J. H. Bly, I. W.

Left Half, No. 1 Company, H. K. Volunteer Artillery.

Roll of Efficients.

Rank and Name.

Captain

P Ordish, O.

Lieutenant A/C. S. M. Sergeant

Corporal Bombardier

Gunner

P Sayer, G. J. B.

P Oliver, J. W. L.

Vincent, T.

P Penning, F. P Ormsby, C.

Sayer, H. A. Cameron, D. Hedge, G. E.

Demerall, A. G. Benning, G. Doughton, C. W. Gladwell, A.

Gunner

Hamet, A. H.

Hooper, E.

P Denotes Proficient.

•

Longstaff, J. T. Pearse, W. G.

Rubie, E. H. Strike, C. Sayer, H. C. Livesey, W. J. Penning, F. W. Rogers, A. E. Stewart, R. Hayton, J. T. Pearson, R. W.

493

Right Half, No. 2 Company, H. K. Volunteer Artillery. Roll of Efficients.

Rank and Name.

Rank and Name;

Captain Lieutenant

P Armstrong, J. H. W.

Gunner

P Nicholson, W.

A/C. S. M.

Sergeant

Corporal

Bombardier

P Northcote, M. S.

P Barrett, E. G.

P Wolfe, E. D. C.

P Libeaud, E. J.

P Wilcox, H. C.

Hays, J.

Grey. B. W. (Passed

for Sergeant, 1903). Piercy, R. S.

Arthur, H.

Holmes, H. K.

Black, W. M.

Blason. C. H. Bell, H. D. Blood. G.

Bell. F. H.

Holmes, H. S.

Holyoak, P. H. Jameson, P.

Pattendan. W. L. Rees, L. C.

Smith, E. J.

Smith. G. M.

Sims, W. A. Marney, V. De Darby, A. J.

Left Half, No. 2 Company, H. K. Volunteer Artillery.

Roll of Efficients.

Rank and Name.

Captain Lieutenant

P Skinner, T.

Gunner

Muir, G.

P. Lammert, G. P.

P Scott, W. M.

Michael, S. J. Watson, J. J.

Co. Sgt. Maj.

P Rodger, J.

Crapnell, A. E.

C. Q. M. S. Sergeant

P MacKenzie, D. J.

•

Hayward, E. M.

P Lochead, J.

P Terrill, W. J.

P Glovn, J. W.

Corporal

Bombardier

P Andrew, J. T. P Berkeley, H.

Gubbay, J. S. Gidley, H.

ཏྭ

وو

Hayward, C. B. Whyte, J. F. M.

Bassford, W. F.

Crosbie, J.

Course, J. T.

Dickie, J.

Durrance, W. H.

Davidson, H.

McCorquodale, J.

Reidie, J.

Ferguson, R. A.

Cameron, A. McF.

Stephenson, R.

Gunner

Gidley, S.

Kinniard, J. D.

McKirdy, A.

Palmer, H. T.

Thomson, J.

White, F. W.

Engineer Company.-Roll of Efficients.

Galloway, R.

Grimshaw. T.

Horley, H. Mather, H. L. Mills, J.

McIntyre, J.

Smith, J. Watson, A.

Rank and Name.

Sapper

Holmes, I.

Russell. W. J.

Captain

Lieutenant A/C. S. M. Sergeant Corporal

2 Corporal Sapper

P Mitchell, R.

P Crake, W. A. P Logan, J. D. P Parkes, J.

Crawford, J. Lapsley, R. Varcoe, J. H.

Everall, W. M.

Band.-Roll of Efficients.

Rank and Name.

Sergeant-Dr. Baker, J.

Corporal

Drummer

Warren, C. E.

Ross, W. E.

Ramsey, A. Livesey, C. F.

Dixon, C. W. Logan, J. C.

Cæsar, A. A.

P Denotes Proficient.

C. G. PRITCHARD, Major, Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

Present.

on Leave.

Absent

without Leave,

Wanting to complete,

Establishment,

Supernumerary,.

DISTRIBUTION,

Total.

Enclosure No. 2.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS

State of Corps, 1st April, 1904.

STAFF.

Nos. 1 & 2 GARRISON ARTILLERY Cos.

ENGINEERS.

PAND.

Commandant.

Major. 2nd in Com-

mand.

Surgeons.

Corps Sergt.-Major.

Corps Armourer-

Sergeant.

Orderly Room Clerk.

Captains.

Lieutenants.

Co. Sergts.-Major.

Co. Qr.-Mr.-Sergts.

Sergeants.

Corporals.

Trumpeters.

Bombardiers.

Gunners.

į Captains.

Lieutenants.

Co. Sergt.-Major. Sergeants.

Corporals.

Sappers.

Sergt.-Drummer.

Corporals.

Drummers.

:: *

21:2

སྣུམ:

2 2

5 118

16 131

འ:

16 232

101

2 16

2 | 15

31: -5

TOTAL.

211

230

174

400

C. G. PRITCHARD, Major, Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps,

494-

Present,

DISTRIBUTION,

Enclosure No. 3.

HONG KONG

VOLUNTEER CORPS.

Inspection State, 26th March, 1904.

STAFF.

Nos. 1 & 2 ARTILLERY COMPANIES.

ENGINEERS,

BAND.

Commandant.

Major, 2nd in Com-

mand.

Surgeons.

Corps Sergt.-Major.

Corps Armr. Sergeant.

Orderly Room Clerk.

Captains.

Lieutenants.

Co. Sergt.-Major.

Co. Qr.-Mr.-Sergt.

Sergeants.

Corporals.

Trumpeters.

Bombardiers.

Gunners.

Captains.

LienteLants.

Co. Sergt.-Majors.

Sergeants.

Corporals.

Sappers.

Sergeant-Drummers.

Corporals.

Drummers.

(out of Colony.

1 1 1

On leave,

in Colony.

Absent

Without leave,

Medical Certificate,

Total,

1 1 3 1 1

Wanting to complete,

Establishment,

Supernumerary.

2 12 10

12 96

TOTAL.

2 10

170

2 16

1 2 32

230

174

4 48

400

نا

4 2 16 12 } 16 131

8 4 3... 101

6822 24 16

16 232

C. G. PRITCHARD, Major, Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

495

Corps Number.

Rank and Nanie.

No. I.

Enclosure No. 4.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

MUSKETRY RETURN.-ENGINEERS COMPANY.

No. II. No. III. No. IV. No. V. | No. VI. No. VII. No. VIII. No. IX.

Remarks.

166

379

Captain Mitchell, R. Lient.

Crake, W. A.

600 Sergt. Parkes, J.

Bevan, H. S.

Logan, J.

Not practiced.

On leave.

649

Corpl. Crawford, J.

278

Lapsley, R..

435

Baldwin, D.

Resigned.

546

Varcoe, J. H.

Not practiced.

481

Sap.

Edward, L. A. M.

377

Everall, W. M.

22 Ï

282

Farr, A. J.

Resigned.

688

Hoskins, J..

709

Holmes, J..

731

Owens, T.

Not practiced.

442

Pullen, A. O.

On leave.

572

Pullen, D. H.

13 | 2

687

Russell, W. J.

Not practiced.

710

Ross, W. E.

728

Ramsey, A. (Recruit)

691

Smith, S...

673

Livesey, C. F.

789

Dixon, C. W.

Logan, J. C.

Recent transfer.

: NEWN: EI ISI : N⠀⠀⠀ NN: 5:

...

109

es.

...

101

114

Yes.

...

131

Yes.

...

•

...

22:

ာင်E:

Ꮽ

138

11.

137

148

...

: 15 20 0 00 00 :: 0 :: 3:⠀

Yes.

Total,

Men,.

Points,

4 3

1 3

200

169

180

148

117

177

...

C. G. PRITCHARD, Major,

Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

496

497

Enclosure No. 5.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

Revolver Practice Return, shewing Percentage, for the year ending 31st March, 1904.

Unit.

Number Firing.

Number of Points obtained.

Percentage.

Remarks.

Staff,

125

62.5

No. 1 Coy., H. K. V. A.,

220

No. 2 Coy., H. K. V. A.,

392

ناة

Engineer Coy..

112

Total,....

849

C. G. PRITCHARD Major, Commandant Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

Enclosure No. 6.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

Report on Gun Practice carried out during the year ending 31st March, 1904.

Nature of Practice.

Date on which Practice was carried out.

Number.

present

Number

of Rounds fired..

Range.

on parade.

Remarks.

.303 Maxim Gun.

October 29th, 1903.

800

610.

Instructional practice on the Stonecutters' Rifle Range.

October 30th, 1903.

530

610

October 31st, 1903.

648

610

A A A

498

January 9th, 1904.

547

1.575 to 2,450

January 23rd, 1904.

2,000

500 to 600

(The ammunition was found to be very bad and after these practices all the remaining ammunition was returned to Ordnance and exchanged.

From Jubilee Road at Barrel Targets.

Competition for Shield presented by Sir W. J. GASCOIGNE at Tai Hang. At screens on the hillside. No jams.

February 16th, 1904.

109

2,185

800 to 1,350

From Lai-chi-kok at barrel targets.

C. G. PRITCHARD, Major, Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

Enclosure No. 7.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

Report on Gun Practice carried out during the year ending 31st March, 1904.

Number

Nature of Practice.

Date on which Practice was carried out.

present

Number of

Rounds fired.

Range.

on Parade.

15-Pr. B. L.

January 9th, 1904.

1,575 to 2,450

15-Pr. B. L.

February 16th, 1904.

109

1 350 to 2,075

Remarks.

Elementary paractice from Shek-tong-tsui on the Jubilee Road at barrel targets. Practice, very good. 1st Series range and fuze found after 10 rounds. 2nd Series range and fuze found after 9 Rounds. Number of rounds recorded as actual hits by Range Officer, 16. Barrels were destroyed during ranging.

Practice from Lai-chi-kok at barrel targets anchored off Chung Hue. Practice, very good. Range and fuze found after 10 rounds in each series. Number of rounds recorded as actual hits by Range Officer, 25. Barrels destroyed during ranging.

C. G. PRITCHARD, Major, Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

499

HONGKONG.

No. 1904

TYTAM TUK WATERWORKS SCHEME FOR CITY AND HILL DISTRICT SUPPLY.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government.

[No. 483.]

Governor to Secretary of State for the Colonies.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 22nd October, 1903.

SIR,—With reference to Sir WILLIAM GASCOIGNE'S despatch No. 165 of the 28th of April, 1902, in which an indent was forwarded for a set of pumping engines to be used in connection with the Water-works recommended by Mr. CHADWICK in his report of the 18th of April, 1902, which was forwarded to Mr. CHAMBERLAIN in Sir WM. GASCOIGNE'S despatch No. 199 of the 13th May 1902, I have now the honour to transmit for your consideration the enclosed copy of a report from the Director of Public Works, supplemented by a letter enclosed under flying seal addressed to Mr. CHADWICK, in which Mr. CHATHAM Owing to the neces- sity of carrying out additional trial works before the site of the dam of the proposed low level reservoir can be decided upon, proposes to proceed at once to the cons- truction of a dam at the site No. 4 referred to in Mr. COOPER's report of the 9th May 1896, and in the 6th para of Mr. CHADWICK's report of the 18th April

1902.

2. If this is approved it will mean that the reservoir at No. 4 site will be constructed before the reservoir on the low level. Mr. CHATHAM is satisfied that there is sufficient gathering ground in the locality which can be used directly or by means of extensive catchwaters to enable both reservoirs to be filled in a season of average rainfall.

3. That the valley and its adjuncts must with the growth of the Colony be used to the fullest possible extent goes without saying. No extra expense, beyond the comparatively trifling item incurred on the suction main referred to in the 18th para. of Mr. CHATHAM's report, will therefore be ultimately incurred.

4. In the meantime the reason for utilising first the No. 4 site is that, owing to the difficulties experienced at the low level site, it is evident that no water can be gathered there for pumping purposes until the lapse of probably three years from the present date, whereas if the dam at No. 4 site be at once proceeded with, pump- ing by means of the engines ordered from home can be commenced, it is anticipated, during the dry season 1904-1905.

5. It is necessary here to explain that the pumping plant referred to in para. 6 of Mr. CHATHAM's report is a purely temporary arrangement devised by Mr. CHATHAM to pump the dry weather flow of the streams into the Tytam con- duit. The plant was purchased locally.

6. The necessity for increasing the water supply is very urgent and while the large low level reservoir is designed to meet future requirements, it is urgently necessary that since immediate advantage cannot be taken of such a reservoir, measures be adopted to provide for present necessities.

I have therefore strongly to recommend that Mr. CHATHAM's proposal be approved and paid for out of the sums voted for the Tytam Tuk Scheme of which practically it forms a part.

7. I shall be glad to receive your decision in this matter by telegraph in order that full advantage may be taken of the dry season in proceeding as rapidly as possible with the work on the dam.

I have, etc.,

HENRY A. BLAKE,

Governor.

(Enclosures.)

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,

HONGKONG, 17th October, 1903.

SIR, I now have the honour to submit a plan and estimate of the works which I propose should be undertaken at once in connection with the Tytam Tuk Scheme for augmenting the City and Hill District Water Supply.

2. The trial works which have hitherto been carried out show that it is ques- tionable whether the site which appeared so admirably adapted for the construction of a dam of moderate dimensions and having a large impounding capacity will be the most favourable, and, with a view to proving this, it is advisable that works of a similar nature should be carried out on other sites. Such works have already been put in hand on two alternative sites somewhat further inland, at either of which, in order to obtain an equivalent capacity, a dam of greater length and of greater height above ground level than at the site originally selected will require to be constructed. In consequence, however, of the great depth to which the founda- tions would extend in the case of the latter and the difficulties which would be created by having to go to such a depth, it is probable that one of the alternative sites may be found more economical and may admit of the work being executed more expeditiously.

3. The carrying out of such an important undertaking, which is designed largely to meet future requirements, will evidently occupy a somewhat prolonged period, and it is desirable that some works to meet present requirements should be undertaken at once.

4. Meanwhile, as the gauges recommended by Mr. CHADWICK have been con- structed at suitable points in the valley, information will be obtained which will be of much value in more accurately estimating the yield of the drainage area than is possible with any information hitherto available.

5. The supply rendered available by the existing works for tiding over the dry season is as follows:-

Maximum contents of Tytam Reservoir,

Pokfulam Reservoir,

Do.

Gallons. .407,000,000

70,400,000

Tytam Bye-wash Reservoir,. 30,000,000 Wongneichung Reservoir,... 33,900,000

Yield of streams intercepted by reservoirs, conduits,

&c., say,

Yield of streams rendered available by pumping from

Tytam Tuk streams, say,

Total,.

..100,000,000

...100,000,000

.741,300,000

6. The Bye-wash Reservoir and the Pumping Plant for rendering available the dry-weather flow of the Tytam Tuk streams are practically completed and are therefore referred to as existing works.

7. Assuming the daily consumption at 4 million gallons, the existing works may be said to afford 185 days' supply. Under ordinary circumstances, the daily consumption would require to be estimated at a higher figure, but. with the in- troduction of rider mains, it should be possible to keep it well within the quantity stated during the next few years notwithstanding the constant increase in the population. As some time must clapse before the rider-mains can be introduced, however, it is advisable not to assume too low a figure.

8. After full investigation, I now propose to undertake the construction of a dam on the site (No. 4) referred to in Mr. COOPER's report of the 9th May, 1896, (vide plan). By increasing the height of the dam to the extent of 20 feet beyond what he proposed, its impounding capacity will be raised from 100 million gallons to 194 millions, a quantity which the pumping engines now on order will be capable

of dealing with, in addition to the yield of the streams already taken into account. This will add 48 days' supply to that already available, bringing the total up to 233 days' supply of 4 million gallons.

9. This proposal will, I feel sure, commend itself to Mr. CHADWICK. The advantages of it are as follows:-

(1.) The site is a very favourable one for the construction of a dam. (2.) It can be undertaken at once.

(3.) It will not interfere with any existing or proposed works.

(4.) The base of the dam being 112 feet above Ordnance Datum, it will not be overlapped by the construction of the larger dam to be un- dertaken hereafter and will therefore be of permanent benefit for storing water.

(5.) Being close to the small dam in connection with the temporary pumping plant already established, the work people can be con- veniently housed below the latter so as to avoid the risk of pollu- tion of the supply from this source.

10. The remaining works to which I have to refer are designed with a view to the carrying out of the complete scheme for developing the Tytam Tuk Valley and are shown on the accompanying plan. They comprise :—

(a.) The formation of a site for the Pumping Station near the head of Tytam Bay and the erection of the necessary buildings to accom- modate the engines already ordered.

(b.) The construction of a new road contouring the lower part of the valley at an elevation of 130 to 150 feet above Ordnance Datum and then ascending to join the existing road near the new Bye-wash Reservoir.

(.) The laying of a suction main from the small pumping dam already constructed to the Pumping Station and of a rising-main from the latter to the gauge basin at the entrance to the Tytam Tunnel.

11. With regard to the Pumping Station, I consider that it will be advisable to establish it somewhat lower down the bay than I at first contemplated. The points which have led to this decision are the improved depth of water available at the altered site and the necessity of keeping the station clear of any place where material to be excavated from the site of the future dam may be deposited. The buildings will be arranged in accordance with Mr. CHADWICK's views to accommodate the pumping engines now on order and so as to admit of their future extension when additional pumping plant is required.

12. The road will be constructed on the line already submitted to Mr. CHADWICK from a point of junction with the Stanley Road to near the Bye-wash Dam at Tytam. It will ultimately be carried across the top of the future large dam to effect a junction with the road to Shaukiwan.

13. The advisability of carrying it across the dam which I propose to construct at present and so saving a bridge has been fully considered, but the valley conveying the overflow from the Bye-wash Reservoir is so unfavourable in its configuration for the diversion that practically no saving could be effected in the road itself whilst an increase in the length of the rising mains which will be laid in the road, would be entailed.

14. I propose to lay the rising main with cast iron pipes, 18 inches in diameter, and to make provision in constructing the road for duplicating the main at a future date. The question of the size of the pipes will, however, be submitted to Mr. CHADWICK when the indent for them is sent forward.

15. For the suction main, I propose also to use 18-inch pipes, which will be available for duplicating the rising main when the large reservoir has been con- structed and the suction main from the upper dam is no longer required.

16. The following is an estimate of the cost of the works which I now propose should be undertaken, including the pumping plant already ordered :—

(1.) Dam to impound 194 million gallous,

(2.) Construction of Pumping Station, including for-

mation of site,

•

3.) New road from junction with Stanley Road to near Tytam Bye-wash Reservoir (length 1.40 miles),

$290,000

50,000

98,000

(4.) Access roads to Pumping Station and Gauge

Basin and track for temporary suction main,... 20,000 (5.) Rising main, 18" diameter, from Pumping Station

to Tytam Gauge Basin (length 2.03 miles), ... 98,000 (6.) Suction main, 18" diameter, to be subsequently used for duplicating rising main (length 1.25 miles),

(7.) Pumping machinery already ordered, (two sets of engines, each capable of delivering 1 million gallons per day), including erection,

G0,000

108,000

$724,000

Contingencies, say,... 56,000

Total,.........$780,000

17. The works required to complete the entire Tytam Tuk Scheme, for which it is not possible to submit an estimate at present, will be as follows:

(1.) The construction of a large dam below Tytam Tuk Village, with the

necessary road diversions.

(2.) An extension of the Pumping Station buildings,

(3.) The provision of additional pumping plant.

(4.) Taking up the 18" suction main and re-laying same as a rising main, including the necessary length of piping to complete same.

(5.) The construction of catch-waters to such extent as may be found advisable in order to render available the water from areas situated outside the natural drainage area.

18. As may be gathered, none of the works which I now propose to undertake will be rendered abortive by those to be undertaken later, with the exception of the suction main, and, as the pipes from it will be used for the additional rising main required, practically only the labour in laying them and taking them up again will

be sacrificed.

19. If the works enumerated under paragraph 15 be undertaken at once, they should be completed in readiness for the dry season 1905-6 and it is even possible that some benefit may be derived from them during next dry season.

20. I therefore request authority to obtain tenders for the works enumerated from contractors whom I consider qualified to carry them out in a satisfactory and expeditious manner.

21. On receiving the authority of His Excellency the Governor for the above, I will prepare a statement for transmission to Mr. CHADWICK giving a full account of what has been done up to the present time and of the works decided upon.

The Honourable THE COLONIAL SECRETARY,

I have, &c.,

W. CHATHAM,

Director of Public Works.

[No. 1290.]

SIR,

PUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, 23rd October, 1903.

HONGKONG WATER-WORKS.

Tytam Tuk Scheme.

I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 27th July last, with enclosures, re the arrangement of the Pumping Station and capacity of the plant to be laid down, and have to thank you for the full information given.

2. I have delayed answering your letter until I was in a position to submit some definite proposals as to the works to be undertaken at once. As I indicated in

my letter of the 4th June last, I hoped ere now to have laid before you complete information regarding the low-level dam to be constructed.

3. Unfortunately, however, the operations conducted since the date of my letter have resulted so unfavourably as to render it advisable to conduct further operations and to investigate other sites besides the one originally selected. The various sites are indicated on the general plan which I now forward you and are marked Nos. 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

4. The following is an account of the trial works undertaken and the results ascertained. All depths mentioned are below Ordnance Datum, which is practi- cally the level of the bed of the bay at Site No. 1.

3. Operations were at first confined to Site No. 1 which, upon inspection, appeared in every way favourable for a dam. On both sides of the bay, rock was abundantly evident, the depth of water was very shallow, the distance across the bay was a minimum, and a dam at this point would have a very large impounding capacity.

6. After several borings had been taken, which were reported to show rock at a depth of about 44 feet, the sinking of Well No. 1 was begun. This well got so seriously out of plumb that it had to be abandoned after being sunk to a depth of 35 feet.

7. Well No. 2 was next undertaken and, after great difficulty, principally on account of skin friction, was successfully sunk to a depth of 46 feet, at which depth rock was reported. The trouble arising from skin friction was overcome by in- creasing the load on the well until it ultimately reached about 200 tons. Pumping operations within such a confined space and from such depths were also a source of great trouble. The material passed through consisted of clay and silt intermingled with shells and with occasional layers of sand and shells. Just before reaching the rock, a layer of beach boulders about 2 feet in depth, was passed through. The boulders were of varying size, down to shingle, consisted of very hard stone and were densely packed together. The rate at which water entered the well from the layer of boulders precluded the possibility of pumping it dry in order to admit of an actual inspection of the bottom.

8. Work was then begun upon. Well No. 3 and, after sinking it to a depth of 42 feet through clay silt and sand, the stratum of beach boulders above described was again encountered. Sinking operations were continued, and, after passing through about 10 feet of boulders, sand was again met with and it was not until the well had reached a depth of 58 feet that rock was finally found. Here also it was found impossible to dry the bottom by pumping and the extent and nature of the rock were ascertained by feeling it carefully all over. Pieces were also broken off and compared with the rock above water level at the sides of the bay, and, as the result of this comparison, there seems no room to doubt that rock in situ has been reached. Over a small portion of the area (6 feet diameter) covered by the well, the rock dipped away to greater depth. The sinking of this well has just been completed.

9. Whilst the operations above-described were in progress, a large number of prickings with Norton tubes (171 in all) were made all over the site of the dam, the result of which was to confirm the information obtained from No. 2 Well and the borings formerly taken. They showed the presence of a hard layer presumed to be rock, at an average depth of about 40 feet over the entire area.

{

10. The information obtained from No. 3 Well creates serious doubts as to the reliability of that derived from No. 2 and operations are now in progress to verify the latter as completely as possible. It is of course possible that No. 3 Well has penetrated some hole in the rock, which, if it resembles that appearing in the bed of the stream higher up the valley, must be of a very rugged and irregular

character.

11. Attention has been turned to the two other sites, marked Nos. 2 and 3 on the accompanying plan, and operations are in progress at both of these, but it will be some time before they can be reported upon.

12. As it appeared obvious from the recent results of the trial works that a lengthened period must elapse before a scheme for the low level dam could be definitely prepared, submitted and carried out, it became necessary to consider what could be done by way of a scheme which would enable this interval to be tided over and at the same time would not hamper or interfere in any way with the carrying out of the former.

13. After full investigation, I have come to the conclusion that a dam on site No. 4 of Mr. COOPER'S 1896 Report, but of somewhat greater height than he re- commended, would afford the most ready and economical means of doing this, and I now forward you a copy of a letter which I have addressed to Government deal- ing with this subject and with those items of the complete scheme which are independent of the site of the low-level dam.

14. I may here explain that, as a temporary expedient, a pumping engine capable of raising half a million gallons per day, which was obtained locally, has been erected immediately below the junction of the streams, at X on plan, a small dam capable of containing 14 million gallons having been constructed at this point, and a rising-main laid to the Tytam Gauge Basin. This will render available the dry-weather flow of the streams until the large engines are erected.

15. My letter to Government contains the necessary information and estimates of the various works proposed to be undertaken, and I trust that the proposals therein put forward will commend themselves to you. I attach small sections of the dam on Mr. COOPER'S No. 4 site (tracing A) the position of which is clearly shown upon the general plan of the works now forwarded. The natural drainage area amounts to 470 acres of which 210 acres lie about the Tytam West catchwater supplying Tytam Reservoir. The drainage of a large area situated entirely outside the present Tytam Drainage Area can be intercepted by catchwaters constructed along the southern slopes of the hills beyond the head of the valley.

16. Having given you a full account of what has been done, I will now deal specifically with the points raised in your letter under reply.

arrangement

17. Pumping Station.--You will observe that on the plan now submitted, I have altered the position of the Pumping Station and the question of of the buildings therefore requires to be considered in relation to the new site. The reasons for making this alteration are referred to in my letter to Government, and I may add that the small bay situated between the site originally proposed and that now selected will in all probability be filled in and reclaimed with the material excavated from the site of the low-level dam, thus forming a useful area of flat ground in proximity to the station and doubtless producing an improvement in the sanitary condition of the district which bears a somewhat unenviable reputation on account of malarial fever.

18. The disposition of the buildings themselves will be as shown on the at- tached tracing marked B in which due provision is made for further extension of engine and boiler power on the lines you suggest in paragraph 5 and as recom- mended by Messrs. TANGYE, viz., an ultimate plant of 3 sets of 2 million gallons capacity, in addition to the two sets of 1 million gallons capacity now on order.

19. I think there should be no difficulty in arranging the boilers to the south of the engines and carrying the common main flue out in an casterly direction to the chimney.

20. Rising Mains.-In view of Messrs. TANGYE's comments on the size of the Delivery Pipe I propose to make the rising main 18 inches in diameter and, with a view to the future duplicating of this main, to lay the temporary suction main required in connection with the scheme now submitted with pipes of the same diameter.

21. I note the procedure laid down in paragraph 9 of your letter, with which I am quite in accord and which is as follows:-

(a.) Two engines on order will be despatched when ready.

(b.) The steam and feed piping will be settled on receipt of this letter

and will be sent out when complete.

This should be in accordance with the arrangement of engines and boilers shown on tracing B, the boilers being so connected as to be interchangeable with future boilers. The exhaust pipes may be arranged as found most convenient (ride Messrs. TANGYE'S letter of 24th July, 1903).

(e.) Full particulars of the trial works carried out and of the works now

proposed are contained in this letter and its enclosures.

22. The only other points to which I have to refer are some mentioned in Messrs. TANGYE's letter to you of the 24th July last.

23. I have fixed the width of the engine-house at 30 feet which should give ample room for the future 2-million gallons plant, thus enabling one traveller to serve for all the engines. I note that a length of 82 feet will be required for the plant on order and one additional engine of 2-million gallons capacity.

24. The boiler flues should be laid out to suit the arrangement shown on tracing B, and I shall be glad to receive full particulars of these when settled.

25. The suction pipe might be kept inside the engine-room and should of course be of a larger size with branches to the various sets of pumps, but the delivery pipe should be kept outside as it will be under a considerable head. This arrangement is indicated on tracing B for your consideration and, if it meets with your approval, the specials for it should be ordered without further reference to me.

26. I have perused with interest your report to the Crown Agents dated 12th August on the question of contamination of the impounded water by salt saturation should the lower dam be constructed as intended in the tidal portion of the bay. The report is of much value and interest and I am gratified to find that it endorses my own opinion on the matter.

27. Whenever I am in a position to do so, I will submit for your approval the low-level portion of the scheme, but you will, I think, agree, in view of the inform- ation I am now able to lay before you, that it is desirable to proceed at once with the construction of the dam I have recommended.--I have, &c.,

OSBERT CHADWICK, Esq., C.M.G.

W. CHATHAM. Director of Public Works.

Telegram from the Secretary of State dated 24th November, 1903.

Referring to your Despatch No. 483 paragraph 6, only $100,000 provided in Estimates for next year for Tytam Tuk Scheme: if proposals contained in your Despatches are sanctioned, what additional provision will be required next year?— Secretary of State.

Telegram to the Secretary of State dated 30th November, 1903. Referring to your telegram of the 24th November, $150,000.

Telegram from the Secretary of State dated 1st January, 1904. Your despatch 483, proposals approved.

PAPERS

LAID BEFORE THE

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

HONGKONG

1904

INO

HONGKONG:

PRINTED BY NORONHA & Co., GOVERNMENT PRINTERS

1904

ཏཱ

60398 21 JAM 1943

ACC NO.

DATE OF ACC.

CRASS NO.

AUTHOR NO

RESOUND.

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17 OCT 1975 HKS 251 S4

with drawn

25.10.83

INDEX.

Page.

..Report on, for 1904-1905,

.Report on, for 1903,

CATTLE DISEASE...

EDUCATION

.Report for 1903,.................

and 1905,

ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS

ASSESSMENT

BACTERIOLOGIST, GOVERNMENT... Report for 1903,.......

BLAKE, SIR H. A.-SERVICES AS

GOVERNOR

BLUE BOOK ...

BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION . Report for 1903,

CHINESE INFANTILE MORTALITY/Report of Committee of Inquiry,

ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE, 1905 Abstract shewing Differences between Estimates for 1904

Memorandum explaining, .....

Report on examination of samples of,

653

509

261

.Despatch from Secretary of State,

343

475

.Report on, by Drs. Hunter and Gibson,

637

113

523

515

FINANCIAL RETURNS

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

FIRE BRIGADE......

GAOL...

GOVERNOR'S SALARY, INCREASE

TO......

Report for 1903,.

.Report for 1903,..........

For 1903,

..In connection with Estimates for 1905,

211

513

HARBOUR MASTER

.Despatch from Secretary of State,

Report for 1903,...

231

HUNG TSUN-FUK MURDER CASE Correspondence,

• INFANTILE MORTALITY, CHINESE Report of Committee of Inquiry,

LAND COURT, NEW TERRITORY... Revised Estimate for 1904,

Marine Lot No. 184. Despatch from Secretary of State on Petition re MEDICAL

505

161

Report for 1903,

405

MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH ...Report for 1903,.

299

NEW TERRITORY

.Report on Survey of, by Mr. Newland,

397

OBSERVATORY

ORPHANS'.

..Report for 1903,......

101

PENSION FUND, WIDOWS AND

..Report for 1903,..

PLAGUE

Government Bacteriologist's Report on,

525

Report on Epidemic of, in 1903,

121

Pó LEUNG KUK

Report for 1903,...

287

POLICE AND CRIME...

.Report for 1903, .

POLICE FORCE, INCREASE TO......Despatch from Secretary of State,

POLICE PROBATIONERS

.Despatch from Secretary of State,

501

POST OFFICE

...Report for 1903,.......

293

PUBLIC WORKS

.Report for 1903,.............

163

QUEEN'S COLLEGE

.Report for 1903,...........

Report by Examiners of,

645

REGISTRAR GENERAL

.Report for 1903,......

355

SANITARY

.Reports for 1903,

299

SANITARY CONDITION OF HONG-

KONG

.Report for 1903,.

223

SANITARY SURVEYOR

.Report for 1903,

337

STERLING SALARIES SCHEME......Appointments included in,.

•

SUBORDINATE COURT RETURNS ...For 1903,

217

SUPREME COURT'

Report and Returns by Registrar of, for 1903,

383

TUNG WA HOSPITAL....

TROPICAL DISEASES RESEARCH ... Despatch from Secretary of State,

VETERINARY SURGEON, COLONIAL Report for 1903,

VIOLATION OF BRITISH TERRITORY Correspondence on,

209

.Report on,

340

505

VOLUNTEER CORPS, HONGKONG ...Report for 1903-1904, .

487

WATERWORKS SCHEME, TYTAM

TUK

.Despatch from Secretary of State,

WIDOWS AND ORPHANS' PENSION

FUND.....

....Report for 1903,..........

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 1.

MONDAY, 19TH JANUARY, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT

(FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Acting Harbour Master, (BASIL REGINALD HAMILTON TAYLOR). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

CHARLES WEDDERBURN DICKSON.

GERSDOM STEWART,

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 23rd December, 1903, were read and confirmed. PAPERS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administer- ing the Government, laid on the table the following papers:-

1. Report of the Committee appointed to enquire into the causes of Chinese Infantile Mor-

tality in the Colony.

2. Report on Tytam Tuk Water-works Scheme for City and Hill District Supply.

3. Correspondence regarding increase of the Police Force.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 1 to 7), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee:

C.S.O. No. 8521 of 1903.

USDA No.

2233 of 1903,

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Seven thousand Dollars ($7,000) in aid of vote No. 19, “Cable for Observatory and other Telephone lines to Kowloon,-Public Works, Extraordinary."

Government House, Hongkong, 5th January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Extension. Three hundred Dollars ($300) in aid of the vote "Police--Other Charges" on account of rations

for Lepers in the Asylum at Au Tau in the New Territory.

4.0 D. No. "958 of 196.

Government House, Hongkong, 6th January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand six hundred Dollars ($3,600) in aid of the vote "Education, Inspector of Schools-Other Charges" to meet the cost of participating in a scheme for the visual instruction of children as regards the geographical features, life and industries of the various parts of the Empire.

Government House, Hongkong, 7th January, 1904.

50-20,2.04.

C.O.D. No. 9790 of 193.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Forty-two thousand eight hundred and forty-five Dollars ($42,845) for the following:—

POLICE.

Personal Emoluments.

50 Chinese Constables at $150 each,

Ration Allowances,

23 3rd Class Constables promoted to 2nd Class; difference,

Allowances for 6 Detectives,

Increased Ration Allowances,

8 1st Class Constables promoted to be 4 1st Class Sergeants and

4 2nd Class Sergeants; difference,

Increases to 52 Seamen,...

2 Barrack Sergeants at $240 instead of $168 each; difference, 2 Station Sergeants at $168 each instead of $144 and $156;

difference,

16 3rd Class Engineers and Coxswains at $216 to $240 each instead of $216, and 8 Stokers at $144 to $168 instead of $144 each (previous service to count); difference,.....

Clothing, &c.,.

Total Personal Emoluments,

Other Charges.

.....

Lodging Allowances during alterations to Central Police Station,...

$ 7,500

600

690

360

1,675

720

624

144

$12,445

.$ 1,900

500

..........$ 2,400

Total Other Charges,.

Public Works Extraordinary.

Addition of Storey to Central Police Station,

Grand Total,

$28,000

$42,845

C.S.O. No.

8386 of 1903.

C.O.D. No

#85 of 1903

Government House, Hongkong, 7th January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of "Nine thousand five hundred Dollars ($9,500) in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, to meet cost of training Nullahs in the vicinity of the Bay View Hotel, and filling up water holes, &c.

Government House, Hongkong, 8th January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand six hundred and twenty-three Dollars and ninety Cents ($4,623.90) in aid of the vote Sanitary Department under Personal Emoluments :-

1. Assistant Secretary (from 11th January to 31st December, 1904),...$2,335.50

Do.,

Exchange Compensation,...

2. Correspondence Clerk (additional Salary),

Total,.

1,868.40

£20.00

$4,623.90

Government House, Hongkong, 14th January, 1904.

C.S.O. No.

370 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty-five thousand three hundred and ninety-five Dollars and twenty-four Cents ($25,395.24) in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, for the following items :-

1. Extension of Inspectors' Quarters at Kennedy Town,

2. Tai Po Road,

3. Extension of Wanchai Market,

4. Cattle Depôt Extension,

$ 1,250.00

5,000.00

645.24

15,000.00

5. Public Mortuary, Extension and Reconstruction,

.....

3,500.00

Total,........

.$25,395.24

Government House, Hongkong, 15th January, 1904.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS (REPEAL).-The Acting Colonial Secretary laid on the table a notice of repeal by the Sanitary Board of the Bye-laws as to Nightsoil Carriers, and moved that it be approved.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

RESOLUTION.-The Acting Colonial Secretary moved the following Resolution :-

Whereas by section 5 of The Summoning of Chinese Ordinance, 1899, (No. 40 of 1899), it was enacted that the said Ordinance should only continue in operation for the period of two years from the coming into operation of the said Ordinance and for such further period or periods as might, from time to time, be determined by Resolution of the Legis- lative Council, and whereas such operation has been continued by Resolution of this Council till the 30th day of March, 1904, inclusive :—

It is hereby resolved by this Council that The Summoning of Chinese Ordinance, 1899, shall be further continued in operation for the further period of two years from the 31st day of March, 1904, inclusive.

The Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

QUESTIONS. Mr. GERSHOM STEWART, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions

(1.) Under what conditions are public companies or private individuals permitted to pick up

and obstruct the public highways?

(2.) In the event of the party responsible being dilatory in the completion of the work involving the picking up of public roads, what powers have the Government to compel them to proceed with expedition?

(3.) Can offenders be fined so much per diem if found negligent?

(4.) Are the crossings provided during the construction of the low level tramway. where the public highways are picked up, passed by the Public Works Department as proper and adequate for the traffic they have to carry?

The Director of Public Works replied.

THE UNDESIRABLE PERSONS INTRODUCTION BILL.--On the motion of the Attorney General the Council resumed Committee on the Bill entitled An Ordinance to provide for the Recovery of Charges incurred by the Colony on account of imbecile persons introduced into the Colony.

Mr. POLLOCK moved that the words "became lunatic, idiotic or imbecile after" in the twelfth and thirteenth lines of sub-section (1.) of clausé 3 be deleted, and the following words substituted :-" was apparently sane at the time of ".

The Council divided as follows:

For Mr. Pollock's motion. Mr. POLLOCK.

Against.

Mr. STEWART.

Mr. WEI YUK.

Dr. Ho KAI.

Sir C. P. CHATER.

The Acting Harbour Master.

The Registrar General.

The Director of Public Works.

The Colonial Treasurer.

The Attorney General.

The Acting Colonial Secretary.

H.E. the General Officer Commanding.

Mr. DICKSON was absent.

The motion was lost by 11 votes to 1.

'Mr. POLLOCK moved that the words "five" in the fifteenth line of sub-section (1.) of clause 3 be deleted, and the word "one" substituted.

The Council divided as follows:-

For Mr. Pollock's motion.

Mr. POLLOCK.

Mr. DICKSON.

The motion was lost by 11 votes to 2.

Against.

Mr. STEWART.

Mr. WEI YUK.

Dr. Ho KAI.

Sir C. P. CHATER.

The Acting Harbour Master.

The Registrar General.

The Director of Public Works.

The Colonial Treasurer.

The Attorney General.

The Acting Colonial Secretary.

H.E. the General Officer Commanding.

Other amendments were proposed and adopted, and the Bill was reported with amendments. ADJOURNMENT.-The Council adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 19th day of February, 1904.

R. F. JOHNSTON,

Acting Clerk of Councils,

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government.

•

C.O.D. No.

$169 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Eighteen thousand two hundred and twenty-three Dollars and twenty-one Cents ($18,223.21) for additional compensation to Messrs. STEPHENS and HOWARD in respect of damage sustained owing to the Reclamation in front of Marine Lot No. 184.

This amount has been calculated as follows:--

Depreciation (as in Musso's case) 75 cents per square foot for Area (M. L. 184)

32,481 square feet.

Damage on 1st September, 1898,

Interest thereon from 1st September, 1898, to 28th February, 1904,

Total,....

Deduct amount paid on 29th August, 1903,........

and

Interest thereon up to 28th February, 1904,..

Total now payable,

.$24,367.50

9,381.46

$33,748.96

$15,000.00

525.75

15,525.75

$18,223.21

C.S.O. No. $342 of 1903.

Government House, Hongkong, 9th February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Nine thousand Dollars ($9,000) in aid of the vote Public Works, Annually Recurrent, to meet the balance of the cost of the work of constructing new roofs for the Government Civil

Hospital.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th February, 1904.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE. The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Ex- cellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Com- mittee dated the 19th January, 1904, (No. 1), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administer- ing the Government, laid on the table the following papers :—

1. Despatch from the Secretary of State regarding increase to the Governor's salary.

2. Despatch from the Secretary of State regarding a Petition by Messrs. STEPHENS and

HOWARD for compensation.

THE PREPARED OPIUM AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Prepared Opium Ordinance, 1891.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No.

No. 2.

FRIDAY, 19TH FEBRUARY, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

い!

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Acting Harbour Master, (BASIL REGINALD HAMILTON TAYLOR). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G. WEI YUK.

CHARLES WEDDERBURN DICKSON.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

ABSENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.).

The Honourable GERSHOM STEWART.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 19th January, 1904, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (No. 8 to 12), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee:---

C.O.D.No. 436 of 1903.

C.S.O. No.

455 of 1903.

C.S.O. No. 9793 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twelve thousand Dollars ($12,000) in aid of the vote “Governor " under Personal Emoluments for an increase to the Governor's salary, from the 1st January, 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 21st January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three hundred and fifty Dollars ($350) as a Gratuity to Miss CLARA WATSON, lately Nursing Sister at the Government Civil Hospital, invalided from the Service.

Government House, Hongkong, 1st February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand three hundred and sixty Dollars ($1,360) in aid of the vote Public Works Depart- ment under Personal Emoluments:-

1 Foreman (from January to December at $30 per month), 1 Do.

.S 360

Do.

(from January to June at $35 per month and from July to

December at $40 per month), (from February to December at $50 per month),

450

550

Total,...

$1,360

Government House, Hongkong, 3rd February, 1904.

100-15.3.04.

THE IMBECILE PERSONS INTRODUCTION BILL.-On the motion of the Attorney General the Council resumed Committee on the Bill entitled An Ordinance to provide for the Recovery of Charges incurred by the Colony on account of imbecile persons introduced into the Colony.

Council resumed, and Bill reported with amendments.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

JURY LIST.-The Council then proceeded to consider the Jury List for 1904 in private.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 14th day of March, 1904.

R. F. JOHNSTON, Acting Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Governmeni.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 3.

MONDAY, 14TH MARCH, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N.(ret'd) ). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

CHARLES WEDDERBURN DICKSON. GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable HENRY EDWARD Pollock, K.C.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 19th February, 1904, were read and confirmed. NEW MEMBER.-Captain LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (retired), took the oath and his seat as an Official Member of the Council.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 15 to 18), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :

C.O.D. No. 1298 of 1904.

C.O.D. No.

1:98 of 1904.

CS.O. No.

508 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two thousand Dollars ($2,000) for remuneration to the Honourable WILLIAM CHATHAM, Director of Public Works, on account of work done by him in connection with the Praya Reclamation.

Government House, Hongkong, 20th February, 1904.

F. H. MAY,

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two thousand Dollars ($2,000) for remuneration to Mr. BRUCE SHEPHERD, Land Officer, on account of work done by him in connection with the Praya Reclamation.

Government House, Hongkong, 20th February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six thousand and fifty Dollars and fifty-five Cents ($6,050.55) for compensation on the valuation of the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, for the slaughter of Kennedy's cows and destruction of utensils, &c., necessitated by the recent outbreak of disease :-

32 sick Cows and Bulls @ $100 each

1 healthy Calf

$3,200.00

100-22.3.04

$ 75

Cow

300

Calf

100

Cow

350

375

Calves

600

300

Utensils, foodstuff, &c.,

Total,.................

Government House, Hongkong, 20th February, 1904.

2,400.00 450.55

.$6,050.55

· C.S.O. No.

3116 of 1902.

C.S.0 No. 244 of 1900

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six thousand five hundred Dollars ($6,500) in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, being compensation to Mr. SEE KOK SHAN, Executor of SEE SANG KAI, deceased, for the resumption of Inland Lot No. 509.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three Extension. thousand Dollars ($3,000) in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, for filling in and draining the swamp near the Starling Inlet Police Station and forming a catchwater drain round the hill which borders the area.

C.S.0. No. 992 of 1902.

Government House, Hongkong, 24th February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand six hundred Dollars ($3,600) in aid of the vote Harbour Master's Depart- ment, Lighthouses, under Other Charges, for the following:

Value of the apparatus for converting fixed lights at Cape D'Aguilar and Green

Island, £300 @ 1/8=$3,600.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th Feburary, 1904.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REFORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 19th February, 1904, (No. 3), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administer- ing the Government, laid on the table the following papers:-

1. Despatch from the Secretary of State relative to Governor Sir HENRY A. BLAKE's services. 2. Report on the Tung Wah Hospital, for 1903.

3. Report on the Widows and Orphans' Pension Fund, for 1903.

4. Report of the Acting Captain Superintendent of Police, for 1903.

5. Report of the Acting Superintendent of Victoria Gaol, for 1903.

6. Report of the Acting Superintendent of Fire Brigade, for 1903.

7. Report on the Queen's College, for 1903.

8. Sterling Salaries Scheme.

9. Report on the Plague Epidemic, in 1903.

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.-The Director of Public Works, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the Report of the Public Works Committee dated the 19th February, 1904, (No. 1).

SANITARY BYE-LAWS (AMENDMENT).-The Acting Colonial Secretary laid on the table an amend- ment by the Sanitary Board to No. 5 of the Bye-laws relating to Domestic Cleanliness and Ventilation, and moved that it be approved.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS (REPEAL AND SUBSTITUTION).-The Acting Colonial Secretary laid on the table a repeal of, and substitution for, the Bye-laws as to Conservancy and Ventilation, and moved that they be approved.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

RESOLUTION.-The Attorney General, pursuant to notice, moved the following Resolution :-

Whereas, by Section 6 of The New Territories Regulation Ordinance (No. 12 of 1899) it was enacted that the said Ordinance should remain in force for the period of one year from the date of its coming into operation, and for such further period or periods as might, from time to time, be determined by resolution of the Legislative Council:

And whereas, by previous resolutions of the Legislative Council the said Ordinance has been continued in force until the 18th day of April, 1904 and it is expedient that the said Ordinance should have permanent effect given to it:

It is hereby resolved that the New Territories Regulation Ordinance, 1899, shall remain in

force until otherwise resolved by this Council.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

MOTIONS. The motions standing in the name of Mr. POLLOCK were, by permission of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, postponed.

PREPARED OPIUM AMENDMENT BILL.-The second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend The Prepared Opium Ordinance, 1891, was, on the motion of the Attorney General, postponed.

NEW TERRITORIES LAND COURT AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to further amend The New Territories Land Court Ordinance, No. 18 of 1900.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

SUGAR CONVENTION BILL. - The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to enable effect to be given in this Colony to the Convention signed the Fifth day of March Nineteen hundred and two in relation to Sugar.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council adjourned till Monday, the 21st March, 1904.

Read and confirmed, this 21st day of March, 1904.

R. F. JOHNSTON,

Acting Clerk of Council.

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 4.

MONDAY, 21ST MARCH, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

the Harbour Master, (Cpat. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N.(ret'd) ). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

CHARLES WEDDERBURN DICKSON. GERSHOM STEWART.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 14th March, 1904, were read and confirmed.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 14th March, 1904, (No. 3), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administer- ing the Government, laid on the table the following papers :----

1. Report of the Inspector of Schools, for 1903.

2. Report of the Acting Director of the Observatory, for 1903.

MOTION. Mr. POLLOCK, pursuant to notice, addressed the Council, and moved :—

That, in view of the letter which was recently addressed by Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson, F.R.S., to "The Times" newspaper on the subject of leprosy being caused by tainted fish, it is desirable that the Hongkong Government should cause some enquiry to be made into the question by its Medical Officers.

Sir PAUL CHATER seconded.

The Acting Colonial Secretary addressed the Council, and stated that the Government could not support the motion.

His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government addressed the Council.

On a division the Members voted as follows:-

For the motion.

Mr. POLLOCK.

Mr. STEWART.

Mr. DICKSON.

Mr. WEI YUK.

Dr. Ho KAI.

Sir C. P. CHATER.

The Harbour Master.

Against the motion.

The Registrar General.

The Director of Public Works.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer.

The Attorney General.

The Acting Colonial Secretary.

His Excellency the General Officer Command-

ing the Troops.

His Excellency the Officer Administering the

Government.

For the motion, 7; against it, 7. His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government gave his casting vote against the motion, and it was lost.

100-29.3.04.

MOTION. Mr. POLLOCK addressed the Council, and, pursuant also the notice, moved :—

That it is desirable that the replies to questions which are put by Unofficial Members of Council

should be published in the Government Gazette in addition to the questions themselves.

Mr. STEWART seconded.

The Acting Colonial Secretary addressed the Council, and stated that the Government could not support the motion.

The Attorney General, Mr. POLLOCK and His Excellency the Officer Administering the Govern- ment addressed the Council.

The Council divided, and Members voted as follows:-

: .

For the motion.

Mr. POLLOCK.

Mr. STEWART.

Mr. DICKSON.

Mr. WEI YUK.

Dr. Ho KAI.

Sir C. P. CHATER.

Against the motion.

The Harbour Master.

The Registrar General.

The Director of Public Works.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer.

The Attorney General.

The Acting Colonial Secretary.

His Excellency the General Officer Command-

ing the Troops.

For the motion, 6; against it, 7. The motion was lost.

QUESTIONS.-Mr. STEWART, pursuant to notice, asked :---

1. Will the Government take into consideration the advisability of improving as far as possible the present means of maintaining and scavenging the public roads, as these are often very unsightly from pieces of paper, banana skins and chewed sugar cane lying about?

2. In view of the heavy fogs and the difficulties and dangers of transport on the Peak roads at night, will the Government take into consideration some scheme for lighting the roads after dark, either by gas, or by strong oil lamps, such as the Kitson light, and prepare an estimate of the cost?

The Acting Colonial Secretary replied.

NEW TERRITORIES LAND COURT AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General addressed Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to further amend The New Territories Land Court Ordinance, No. 18 of 1900.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

......

SUGAR CONVENTION BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to enable effect to be given in this Colony to the Convention signed the Fifth day of March Nineteen hundred and two in relation to Sugar.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

}

The Council went into Committee on the Bill.

ADJOURNMENT.--The Council adjourned till Monday, the 28th March, 1904.

Read and confirmed, this 28th day of March, 1904.

R. F. JOHNSTON, Acting Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 5.

MONDAY, 28TH MARCH, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (Alexander MacDonald Thomson).

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

* 2

the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N.(ret'd) ). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G. WEI YUK.

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable CHARLES WEDDERBURN DICKSON.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 21st March, 1904, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 19 and 20), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :--

C.S.0. No.

230 of 1904,

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Extension. Thirteen thousand eight hundred and one Dollars ($13,801) in accordance with the revised

Estimate for the Land Court, New Territory

Personal Emoluments,

Other Charges,

$10,881

2,920

Total,......

....

$13,801

C.S.O. No.

8100 of 1903.

Government House, Hongkong, 19th March, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering, the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand eight hundred and ninety-five Dollars and eighty-four Cents ($1,895.84) in aid of the vote Public Works Recurrent, Miscellaneous Works, to clear off all liabilities in connec- tion with the construction of the Victoria Hospital.

Government House, Hongkong, 21st March, 1904.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPER.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administer- ing the Government, laid on the table the Revised Estimate for 1904, for the New Territories Land Court.

PILOTS BILL.-The Harbour Master moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to provide for and regulate the Employment of Pilots.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

10—20,4.04

HILL DISTRICT RESERVATION BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance for the Reservation of a Residential Area in the Hill District.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BANISHMENT AND CONDITIONAL PARDONS AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend Ordinance No. 8 of 1882 entitled "The Banishment and Conditional Pardons Ordinance, 1882."

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

PREPARED OPIUM BILL.

SUGAR CONVENTION BILL.

The Attorney General asked for permission to allow these items to be

postponed till a later meeting of the Council.

Permission granted.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 19th day of April, 1904. ·

R. F. JOHNSTON, Acting Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 6.

TUESDAY, 19TH APRIL, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd)).

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

CHARLES WEDDERBURN. DICKSON.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Honourable GERSHOM STEWART.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

ABSENT:

NEW MEMBER.Mr. PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES was duly sworn and took his seat as an Official Member of the Council.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 28th March, 1904, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes,. (Nos. 21 to 23), and' moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :-

C.O.D. No 2003 of 1904.

C.S.O. No. 2202 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand two hundred Dollars ($1,200) (@ 1/8 = £100) in aid of the vote Miscellaneous Services, being a contribution for the purpose of continuing the investigation of tropical diseases.

Government House, Hongkong, 30th March, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand one hundred and ninety-eight Dollars and ninety Cents ($4,198.90) in aid of the vote, Public Works Department under Personal Emoluments and Other Charges, for the following items :--

Personal Emoluments.

...£27.14.5

Executive Engineer at £40 per month, (42 days' half pay

from 2nd April, 1904, to 13th May, 1904), (Full pay from 14th May, 1904, to 31st December, 1904),

Other Charges. Conveyance Allowances.

303. 4.7

£330.19.0 @ 1/8—$3,971.40

Executive Engineer from 14th May, 1904, to 31st December, 1904, @ $30

per month,

Total,...

227.50

$4,198.90

40-27.4.04

Government House, Hongkong, 11th April, 1904.

C.S.O. No.

2639 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Thirteen thousand seven hundred Dollars ($13,700) in aid of the vote, Public Works Recurrent and Extraordinary, for the following items:-

Public Works Recurrent.

Maintenance of Public Cemetery,

Praya Wall and Piers,..

$ 4,500

7,200

$11,700

Public Works Extraordinary.

New Territory Survey,

.$ 2,000

Total,.

$13,700

Government House, Hongkong, 11th April, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 28th March, 1904, and moved its adoption.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS. The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following papers :-

1. Report of the Director of Public Works for the year 1903.

2. Despatch from the Secretary of State dated the 4th February, 1904, on Tropical Diseases

Research.

3. Financial Returns for the year 1903.

4. Returns of the Subordinate Court for the year 1903.

5. Report on the Health and Sanitary Condition of the Colony of Hongkong for the year

1903.

6. The Blue Book for the year 1903.

PILOTS BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to provide for and regulate the Employment of Pilots.

The Colonial Secretary secondéd.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported with amendments.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

HILL DISTRICT RESERVATION BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance for the Reservation of a Residential Area in the Hill District.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Dr. Ho KAI, Mr. WEI YUK, and Mr. POLLOCK addressed the Council.

His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported with amendments.

BANISHMENT AND CONDITIONAL PARDONS AMENDMENT BILL.-On the motion of the Attorney General the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend Ordinance No. 8 of 1882 entitled "The Banishment and Conditional Pardons Ordinance, 1883," was postponed.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council adjourned till Tuesday, the 26th April, 1904.

Read and confirmed, this 26th day of April, 1904.

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government.

R. F. JOHNSTON,

Clerk of Councils.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 7.

TUESDAY, 26TH APRIL, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

2.9

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd.)). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ABSENT:

The Honourable CHARLES WEDDERBURN DICKSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 19th April, 1904, were read and confirmed. FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Admi- nistering the Government, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 24 to 26), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :---

C.S.0 No. 2916 of 1904.

(.5.0. No. 2871 of 1904

F. H. MAY.

•

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two thousand Dollars ($2,000) in aid of the vote, Public Works, Extraordinary, to meet cost of erecting a public urinal on the northern side of the hill close to the upper tram station at the Peak.

Government House, Hongkong, 18th April, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand two hundred and eighty Dollars ($3,280) in aid of the vote, Treasury, for the following Staff required from 1st May to 31st December, 1904, to collect Crown Rent, etc., in the New Territories :-

Clerk at $600 per annum,

Personal Emoluments.

-$400

2 Clerks * at $480 per annum each, For Tai Po † 2 Clerks at $600 per annum each, 2 Clerks at $480 per annum each,

640

800

640

$2,480

Other Charges.

Conveyance Allowances-Collector,

7 Clerks,

$240 560

800

Total,..

....

..$3,280

100-18.5.01

* Temporary Shroff ($180) and Assistance ($144) under vote Treasury not now required.

† Shroff ($540) under vote Colonial Secretary's Office not now required.

{

•

C.S.O. No.

5235 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five thousand one hundred Dollars ($5,100) in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, to meet the cost of supplying and erecting sixteen tanks in Nos. 9 and 10 Health Districts, Victoria.

Government House, Hongkong, 21st April, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded,

Question-put and agreed to.

HILL DISTRICT RESERVATION BILL.-The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance for the Reservation of a Residential Area in the Hill District.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 17th day of May, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils,

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government

;

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 8.

TUESDAY, 17TH MAY, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON). the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N.(ret'd) ). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

GERSHOM STEWART.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C. WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

ABSENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.).

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 26th April, 1904, were read and confirmed.

NEW MEMBER.—Mr. WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON was duly sworn and took his seat as an Unofficial Member of the Council during the absence of Mr. CHARLES WEDDERBURN DICKSON.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 27 to 29), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :---

C.O.D. No.

1602 of 1904.

C.S.O. No.

3110 of 1904.

C.S.O. No. 3549 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two hundred Dollars ($200) in aid of the vote Botanical and Afforestation Department, under Other Charges, for preliminary experiments in Cotton-growing in the New Territories.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th April, 1904.

F. 1. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Thirty-four thousand seven hundred Dollars ($34,700) in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, for readjustment of Kowloon Marine Lots 44-46 and Kowloon Inland Lots 887-897, Taikoktsui.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th May, 1904.

F. H. MAY,

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand five hundred Dollars ($1,500) in aid of the vote Botanical and Afforestation Depart- ment, Other Charges, for Tree-Planting.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th May, 1904.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE. The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 26th April, 1904, and moved its adoption.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following papers :—

1. Report of the Harbour Master for the year 1903.

2. Report of the Government Bacteriologist for the year 1903.

3. Report on the Post Office for the year 1903.

4. Report on the Pó Léung Kuk for the year 1903.

QUESTIONS.-Mr. POLLOCK, pursuant to notice, asked the following Questions

1. Is the Government satisfied that the present means for extinguishing fires in the City of

Victoria during the dry season are sufficient? If not, does the Government propose to take any and, if so, what steps, and when, to remedy the deficiency or deficiencies?

2. Has the Government considered the question of the advisability of adopting a special service for extinguishing fires by pumping up sea-water from the harbour by means of special pumping-stations on the Praya into special fire water mains? Does the Government propose to take any measures of that or a similar character? Is it not the fact that the "Government Fire Engine hose has proved, during this present dry season, to be of in- sufficient strength to pump up sea-water to Jervois Street, or Lyndhurst Terrace, and has repeatedly burst in so doing?

3. Is the Government satisfied that the present means for extinguishing fires in the Kowloon Peninsula during the dry season are sufficient? If not, does the Government propose to take any and, if so, what steps, and when, to remedy the deficiency or deficiencies?

4. Is there only one Fire Engine in the Kowloon Peninsula in the service of the Colonial Government, and from what source or sources would such Fire Engine be supplied with water during the dry season in the event of a fire occurring during the dry season at. too great a distance from the sea for salt water to be available for extinguishing pur- poses? How many members are there in the Kowloon Fire Brigade?

5. Will the Government provide more seats for the use of the public on the Kennedy Road,

Bowen Road, Magazine Gap Road and Barker Road?

6. Will the Government state what would be—

(a.) The capital cost of erecting lamp-posts, with the necessary gas-burners_and appliances and connections with the gas-main at the following places at the Peak, namely:

(i.) On the slope up to Plunkett's Gap, near the approach to the Commodore's

Bungalow;

(ii.) At the junction of Chamberlain Road with the Mount Kellet Road ;

(i.) At the Plantation Road Gap, near the entrance to Brockhurst?

(b.) The estimated annual expenditure for the gas required to keep such lamp-posts

lighted at night?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

PREPARED OPIUM AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Prepared Opium Ordinance, 1891.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Dr. Ho KAI and Mr. POLLOCK addressed the Council in opposition to the Bill.

Mr. STEWART Supported the Bill.

His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government addressed the Council.

之

The Council divided, and Members voted as follows:-

For the motion.

Mr. GRESSON.

Mr. STEWART.

Sir C. P. CHATER.

The Harbour Master.

The Director of Public Works.

The Registrar General.

The Colonial Treasurer. The Attorney General.

The Colonial Secretary.

For the motion, 9; against it, 3.

The motion was carried.

The Bill was read a second time.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council adjourned sine die.

Against the motion.

Mr. POLLOCK.

Mr. WEI YUK.

Dr. Ho KAL

Read and confirmed, this 12th day of July, 1904.

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 9.

TUESDAY, 12TH JULY, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT

(FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N.(ret'd.)).

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN,

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 17th May, 1904, were read and confirmed. RETURN OF A MEMBER.-Hon. ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN resumed his seat on return from leave of absence.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Admi- nistering the Government, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 30 to 40), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :--

C.S.O. No.

1518 of 1904.

C.O.D. No. 3801 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand four hundred Dollars ($3,400) in aid of the vote, Public Works Extra- ordinary, for Drainage Works, Training Nullahs.

Government House, Hongkong, 17th May, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Sixteen thousand four hundred and thirty-two Dollars and eighty Cents ($16,432.80) in aid of the vote, Military Expenditure--B. Expenses of Volunteers, for the following items :-

Rifles, Equipment, Chargers,...

Other Charges.

.£1.171.18.0.

193.11.0. 3.19.0.

C.S.O. No.

3731 of 1904.

£1,369. 8.0. @ 1/8 $16,432.80

Government House, Hongkong, 20th May, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five thousand Dollars ($5,000) in aid of the vote Public Works Extraordinary, to meet cost of erecting an Office at the new Disinfecting Station at Kowloon, for the Assistant Medical Officer of Health and the Inspectors working under him.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th May, 1904.

CS.O. No.

4562 of 1904.

C.S.0. No.

4623 of 1904,

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Dollars ($1,000) in aid of the vote, Police, for "Secret Service" under Other Charges.

Government House, Hongkong, 9th June, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a further Extension. sum of Four thousand five hundred and twenty-four Dollars ($4,524) in aid of the vote Land Court, New Territory, for the following staff required from 1st June to 31st December, 1904, in connection with the Land Settlement in New Kowloon and the New Territory

Personal Emoluments.

4 Clerks @ $420 per annum

@ $300

@ $240

4 Coolies @ $ 96

Incidental Expenses,

.$ 980 700

1,120

224

3,024

Other Charges.

1,500

Total,

$4,524

C.S.O. No. 8400 of 1903.

C.S.O. No

2072 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 13th June, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six hundred and seventy-six Dollars and twenty-one Cents ($676.21) in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, being a revote of an unexpended balance to meet the balance of the cost of Gas Service for the Victoria Hospital.

Government House, Hongkong, 15th June, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand seven hundred and thirty-two Dollars and fifty Cents ($1,732.50) in aid of the vote, Land Court, New Territory, Personal Emoluments, being equivalent to Mr. CLEMENTI'S half pay as Assistant Registrar General for 6 months from 1st July, 1904.

Half pay for July at $3,600 per annum =

$150.00

from 1st August to 31st December at $3,900

per annum

812.50

$962.50

Exchange Compensation,

770.00

Total,......

$1,732.50

C.O.D. No. 4804 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 18th June, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand Dollars ($3,000) in aid of the vote Miscellaneous Services, Other Miscellaneous Services, being payment to Mr. F. B. L. BOWLEY, Crown Solicitor, for work done in connection with certain Land Court Appeal cases

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd June, 1904.

C.S.O. No.

1666 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Nine thousand three hundred Dollars ($9,300) in aid of the vote, Public Works Extraordinary for carrying out the work of improving the Green Island Light:

· New Tower,. Additional Quarters,

Shifting Light from Cape D'Aguilar to Green Island, Contingencies,

Total,..

....

.$5,439.47 2.479.98 500.00

880.55

$9,300.00

C.S.0, No.

4863 of 1904.

(S.O No.

5493 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 4th July, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Dollars ($1,000) in aid of the vote Botanical and Afforestation Department, Other Charges, item Maintenance of Botanic Gardens, for the preparation of the new Garden Nursery near the Albany Nullah and the removal thither of the shrubs and other stock from the Kow- loon Nursery, the site of which is now required for building purposes.

Government House, Hongkong, 8th July, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two thousand Dollars ($2,000) in aid of the vote for Telegraph Service-Telegrams sent and received by Government-under Miscellaneous Services.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th July, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS. The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following papers :-

1. Reports of the Medical Officer of Health, the Sanitary Surveyor, and the Colonial Veterin-

ary Surgeon, for the year 1903.

2. Report on the Blue Book, for 1903.

3. Report of the Registrar General, for the

year 1903.

4. Report of the Registrar of the Supreme Court, for the year 1903.

5. A General Report on the Survey of the New Territory from November, 1899, to April,

1904.

6. Report of the Principal Civil Medical Officer, for the year 1903.

7. Report on the Botanical and Afforestation Department, for the 8. Report on the Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

year 1903.

9. Police Probationers: Hongkong, Straits Settlements, and Felerated Malay States. 10. Violation of British Territory: Des Voeux Road Murder, Hung Tsun-Fuk case. 11. Supplementary Estimates, 1903.

RESOLUTION. The Attorney General moved the following resolution:-

Resolved that in accordance with the requirements of Section 10 (2.) of the Statute Laws (Revised Edition) Ordinance, 1900, the "New Edition" of the Hongkong Ordinances, prepared by Sir John Carrington and now laid before the Council, is approved."

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

QUESTIONS.-Mr. STEWART, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions:---

up the

1. The open space in front of the Hongkong Club being no longer used for the storage of cement blocks, and the small railway to the Praya for the crane having been picked up, will the Government be able soon to allow the Botanical Department to open up space for public use as a garden, as promised by Sir Henry Blake on 20th July, 1903? 2. Will it be possible this year, by dredging or otherwise, to increase the space available for small craft in the typhoon shelter at Causeway Bay, as it is much silted up at low water?

Have the Government decided on any plan for a new typhoon shelter?

3. In view of the recent fire at the Ferry Wharf, will the Government take into consideration the advisability of making improved approaches and shelters at Blake Pier and Queen's Statue Wharf?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

Mr. SHEWAN, pursuant to notice given by Mr. POLLOCK, asked the following questions:-

1. In connection with the burning of the Star Ferry matshed, will the Government kindly state how many minutes (approximately) after the commencement of the fire was the water from the mains turned on to and playing on the fire?

2. Will the Government state what is the estimated cost of establishing a system of electric fire-alarms in the City of Victoria? Does the Government propose to establish such a system? Is it the fact that at the present time the alarm has to be given by a Police - Officer who has to leave his beat for that purpose? If so, does the Government con- sider such a system of giving the alarm satisfactory? If the Government does not consider such a system of giving the alarm satisfactory, what steps does the Government propose to take in connection with the matter?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

SUPPLEMENTARY APPROPRIATION BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to authorize the Appropriation of a Supplementary Sum of Three hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred and twenty-four Dollars and forty-one Cents, to defray the Charges of the Year 1903.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AMENDMENT BILL.--The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend The Criminal Procedure Ordinance, 1899.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till the 19th July, 1904.

Read and confirmed, this 19th day of July, 1904.

F. H. MAY,

Officer Administering the Government.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 10.

TUESDAY, 19TH JULY, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd) ). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

་་

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

GERSHOM STEWART.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

ABSENT:

The Honourable the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 12th July, 1904, were read and confirmed.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.-The Director of Public Works laid on the table the Report of the Public Works Committee dated the 12th July, 1904, (No. 2).

PRESERVATION OF WILD BIRDS BILL.--The Colonial Secretary said that this Bill was not yet quite ready, and asked for leave to withdraw it in the meanwhile.

Agreed to.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AMENDMENT BILL.-The Colonial Secretary addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, 1899.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendments.

The Colonial Secretary moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

SUPPLEMENTARY APPROPRIATION BILL.-The Colonial Secretary addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to authorize the Appropriation of a Supplementary Sum of Three hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred and twenty-four Dollars and forty-one Cents, to defray the Charges of the Year 1903.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

The Colonial Secretary moved that the Bill be referred to the Finance Committee.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Council then adjourned, pending consideration of the Bill by the Finance Committee.

Council resumed, and the Colonial Secretary reported to His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government that the Finance Committee had decided to recommend the passing of the Bill.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendments.

The Colonial Secretary moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 15th day of September, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

M. NATHAN,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 11.

THURSDAY, 15TH SEPTEMBER, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir MATTHEW NATHAN, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel LOUIS FAULKNER BROWN, R.E.).

the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

}}

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN),

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd.)). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT Gordon Shewan.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 19th July, 1904, were read and confirmed.

NEW MEMBERS.-Colonel LOUIS FAULKNER BROWN and Messrs. ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP and GERSHOM STEWART took the Oaths and assumed their seat as Members of the Council.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 41 to 47), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :-

C.S.O, No. 2076 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

६

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One hundred and ninety-five Extension. Dollars ($195) in aid of the vote Botanical and Afforestation Department, Personal Emolu- ments, being salary for a Forestry Licence Clerk, New Territory, from 5th August to 31st December, 1904.

C.S.O. No.

6405 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th August, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three hundred thousand three hundred Dollars ($300,300), in aid of the votes Public Works Recurrent and Public Works Extraordinary, for the following items :-

Public Works Recurrent.

3. Maintenance of Telegraphs,

$ 3,500

New Territory,

2,500

of Praya Wall & Piers,...

1,500

13.

of Roads and Bridges in New Territory,

2,000

14.

of Sewers, Nullahs, &c.,

2,000

15. Miscellaneous Services,

23. Drainage Works, Miscellaneous,

24. Maintenance of Water-works, City and Hill District, 16,000

4,000

9,000

25.

Kowloon,

4,000

Carried forward,.......

$ 44,500

Brought forward,..

Public Works Extraordinary.

.$ 44,500

3. Disinfecting Station, Kowloon,

$13,800

4. Gunpowder Dépôt, Green Island,

40,000

5. Harbour Office,.

17,000

6. Law Courts,

51,000

7. Market, Western,

22,000

30. Road across King's Park,

5,000

38. Water-works:-Tytam Byewash Reservoir,..

7,000

39. Tytam Tuk Scheme,

100,000

255,800

$ 300,300

C.S.0. No.

3938 of 1904,

Total,........

Government House, Hongkong, 19th August, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Seven hundred Dollars ($700) Extension. in aid of the vote Land Court, New Territory, Other Charges, for purchase, refloating and repair

of houseboat for use of Land Court Department as an Office in the New Territory.

C.S.O. No. -5296 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th August, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Thirty thousand and fifty-two Dollars ($30,052), for the following items on account of the Rider Mains Work, chargeable to Advance Account :-

Personal Emoluments.

Assistant Engineer, at £360 per annum-

Salary from 5th March to 16th April, 1904,. Full Salary from 17th April to 31st December,

$ 228.65

2,913.36

$3,142.01

Overseer, at £180 per annum-

Salary from 26th February to 12th April, 1904, ...$ 124.76 Full Salary from 13th April to 31st December,

Clerk-from 26th July to 25th October, 1904, at $960

per annum,

1,478.87

1,603.63

$240.00

from 26th October to 31st December, at $1,200

per annum,

219.35

459.35

Total Personal Emoluments,.

Other Charges.

Conveyance Allowances, $244 per annum--

.$ 5,204.99

Assistant Engineer from 17th April to 31st Decem-

ber, 1904,

.S 172.15

174.86

Estimated Cost of No. 1 Rider-Main District-Labour

and Material,..

15,000.00

Overseer from 13th April to 31st December,

Service Connections to every house in No. 1 District, 9,000.00 Incidental Expenses,..........

500.00

Total Other Charges,

Total,

Government House, Hongkong, 1st September, 1904.

24,847.01

$30,052.00

C.S.O. No.

4193 of 1904.

C.S.O. No.

5493 of 1904.

C.S.O. No. 3981 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty-four thousand eight hundred and ninety-three Dollars ($24,893) of which $16,892.05 is a re-vote of an unexpended balance of the vote Public Works Extraordinary, (24) Praya East Reclamation, for raising the carriageway and the footpaths from Arsenal Street to Jardine's Bazaar, Praya East, chargeable to Advance Account.

Government House, Hongkong, 1st September, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand five hundred Dollars ($1,500) in aid of the vote for Telegraph Service-Telegrams sent and received by Government-under Miscellaneous Services.

Government House, Hongkong, 9th September, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand Seven hundred Dollars ($4,700) in aid of the vote Fire Brigade, Other Charges, for Repairs to Engines, Hose, &c., and Gratuities.

Government House, Hongkong, 12th September, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS (AMENDMENT).-The Colonial Secretary laid on the table an Amendment by the Sanitary Board to No. 1 of the Bye-laws relating to the Importation and Inspection of Animals, and moved that it be approved.

The Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.-The Director of Public Works laid on the table the Report of the Public Works Committee dated the 19th July, 1904, (No. 3).

RESOLUTION.-The Attorney General, addressed the Council, and moved the following Resolution:-

Resolved that the thanks of the Council be conveyed to Sir John Worrell Carrington, C.M.G., formerly Chief Justice of Hongkong, for his services in carrying through and completing the revised edition of the Colony's Ordinances.'

The Colonial Secretary addressed the Council, and seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

RESOLUTION.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the following Resolution :- "Resolved that until further notice the Hongkong Tramway Electric Co., Limited, shall provide the following number of cars every morning and evening, at such hours not being later than 7 a.m. or earlier than 5.30 p.m. as the Company shall think most convenient for artisans, mechanics and daily labourers, at fares not exceeding 2 cents for the single journey and 3 cents for the return journey :--:

Morning.

From Kennedy Town to the Central Market, From Quarry Bay to the No. 2 Police Station,.

..2 Cars.

...4

Evening.

From the Central Market to Kennedy Town, From the No. 2 Police Station to Quarry Bay,.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to."

...2 Cars.

..4

PAPERS.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

1. Report on the Assessment for 1904 and 1905.

2. Report by the Government Bacteriologist on Epidemic and Epizootic Plague.

QUESTIONS. Mr. STEWART, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions

1. Under what circumstances are Coroner's inquests dispensed with?

2. Is it the case as stated in the Public papers that a member of the community was picked up injured on Tuesday night, the 2nd August, and placed in a cell at the Police Station where he was left for the night without medical aid being called for and that he died the next day?

3. What standing instructions have the Police as to calling in medical assistance for injured

people whom they may pick up?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

QUESTIONS.—Mr. SHEWAN, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions :-

1. Is the tree cutting at present going on on the Island of Hongkong authorised by Government? 2. If so, will the Government give its reasons for such tree cutting?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

PRESERVATION OF WILD BIRDS BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend The Wild Birds and Game Preservation Ordinance, 1885.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

TUNG WAH HOSPITAL BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance for enabling the Tung Wah Hospig to acquire, hold, mortgage and sell land and here- ditaments in the Colony of Hongkong.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

INTERNMENT OF REFUGEE COMBATANTS BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to regulate the Internment of Refugees belonging to the Russian and Japanese forces.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the suspension of the Standing Orders to allow the Bill to pass through the remaining stages at that Meeting of the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendments.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill. The Colonial Secretary seconded.

黛

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

PREPARED OPIUM AMENDMENT BILL.--The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved

the withdrawal of the original Amending Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Attorney General moved the first reading of a new Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend The Prepared Opium Ordinance, 1891.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

APPROPRIATION BILL.-The Colonial Secretary addressed the Council, and moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding Five million eight hundred and thirty- five thousand four hundred and seventy Dollars to the Public Service of the year 1905.

The Attorney General seconded.

In connection with this Bill, the Colonial Secretary laid on the table :-

1. The Estimates for 1905.

2. Memorandum explanatory of the Estimates of Revenue.

3. Memorandum explanatory of the Estimates of Expenditure.

4. Financial Statements in connection with the Estimates.

5. Abstract shewing the Differences between the Expenditure in 1904 and 1905.

His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council.

Mr. SHEWAN addressed the Council.

His Excellency the Governor replied.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND GIRLS AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend The Protection of Women and Girls Ordinance, 1897.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 22nd day of September, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils,

M. NATHAN,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 12.

THURSDAY, 22ND SEPTEMBER, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir MATTHEW NATHAN, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel Louis Faulkner Brown, R.E.).

the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH Johnston).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER Barnes-LawreNCE, R.N.(ret'd)).

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 15th September, 1904, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL MINUTE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minute, (No. 48), and moved that it be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.S.O. No.

7332 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand six hundred and fifty Dollars ($4,650) in aid of the vote Victoria Gaol, Other Charges, for the following items :-

Provisions for prisoners,..

Clothing and Shoes for Gaol Staff,

Fuel and Soap,

Materials for remunerative industry,

Total,.........

.$ 3,000

450

400

800

$ 4,650

Government House, Hongkong, 12th September, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 15th September, 1904, and moved its adoption.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPER.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following paper :---

Report on a Cattle Disease in the Colony of Hongkong.

TRAMWAY BILL.-Sir PAUL CHATER moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance for authorizing the Construction of a Tramway within the Colony of Hongkong.

Mr. STEWART seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

}

PRESERVATION OF WILD BIRDS BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend The Wild Birds and Game Preserva- tion Ordinance, 1885.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

TUNG WAH HOSPITAL BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance for enabling the Tung Wah Hospital to acquire, hold, mortgage and sell land and hereditaments in the Colony of Hongkong.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

PREPARED OPIUM AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend The Prepared Opium Ordinance, 1891.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND GIRLS AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend The Protection of Women and Girls Ordinance, 1897.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendment.

کے طر

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till Thursday, the 29th September, 1904, at

2.30 p.m.

Read and confirmed, this 29th day of September, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

M. NATHAN,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 13.

THURSDAY, 29TH SEPTEMBER, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir MATTHEW NATHAN, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel LOUIS FAULKNER BROWN, R.E.).

the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNston).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N.(ret'd.)).

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 22nd September, 1904, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 49 and 50), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :-

C.S.O. No.

3938 of 1904,

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two hundred and fifty Dollars Extension. ($250) in aid of the vote Land Court, New Territory, Other Charges, for repairing the house- boat used by the Land Court Department as a branch office in the New Territory, which was damaged by the recent typhoon.

C.O.D. No.

5689 of 1903.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th September, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five hundred Dollars ($500) in aid of the vote Botanical and Afforestation Department, Other Charges, for Taipingshan Gar- den-Levelling and laying out.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th September, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 22nd September, 1904, and moved its adoption.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

APPROPRIATION BILL FOR 1905.—The Colonial Secretary moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding Five million eight hundred and thirty-five thou- sand four hundred and seventy Dollars to the Public Service of the year 1905.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Mr. SHEWAN addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary addressed the Council.

His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

The Colonial Secretary moved that the Bill be referred to the Finance Committee.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 6th day of October, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

M. NATHAN, Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 14.

THURSDAY, 6TH OCTOBER, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir MATTHEW NATHAN, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel LOUIS FAULKNER Brown, R.E.).

the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

135

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd). )

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEwart.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 29th September, 1904, were read and confirmed. COMMITTEES.-His Excellency the Governor, in accordance with the Standing Order No. 47, appointed the following Committees :-

Finance Committee.-All the Members of the Council, with the Colonial Secretary as

Chairman.

Law Committee.—The Honourable the Attorney General (Chairman), the Honourables the

Harbour Master, Dr. Ho KAI, ROBERT SHEWAN and WEI YUK.

Public Works Committee.-The Honourable the Director of Public Works (Chairman), the Honourable the Colonial Treasurer, Sir C. PAUL CHATER, WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON and GERSHOM STEWART.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 29th September, 1904, and moved its adoption.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

CHINESE EMIGRATION AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Chinese Emigration Ordinance, 1889.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

APPROPRIATION BILL for 1905.--The Colonial Secretary moved that the Council resolve itself into Committee on the Bill entitled An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding Five million eight hundred and thirty-eight thousand four hundred and seventy Dollars to the Public Service of the year 1905.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendment.

The Colonial Secretary moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do

Bill passed.

pass.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 20th day of October, 1904.

M. NATHAN, Governor.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 15.

THURSDAY, 20TH OCTOBER, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir MATTHEW NATHAN, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel LOUIS FAULKNER BROWN, R.E.).

the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd.)). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G. WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 6th October, 1904, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 51 and 52), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :-

€ 8.0. N).

6148 of 1903.

C.S.O. No.

6405 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty-five thousand Dollars ($25,000) in aid of the vote Public Works Extraordinary for purchasing the Remaining Portion of Kowloon Inland Lot No. 1011 for the purpose of constructing Roads.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th October, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Thirty-eight thousand one hun- dred Dollars ($38,100) in aid of the votes Public Works Recurrent and Extraordinary for the following items :—

Public Works Recurrent."

9 Miscellaneous Works:-

Opium Searchers' Sheds,

Alterations in Government Offices,

Saiyingpun School-Surfacing Playing Grounds,

Alterations for Improvement of Post Office Accommodation,...

Total Public Works Recurrent,...........

Public Works Extraordinary.

10 Buildings-Post Office,

Total,

$ 2,200

200

300

400

$ 3,100

35,000

.$38,100

Government House, Hongkong, 14th October, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPER.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table

the following paper :-

Report by the Examiners of Queen's College.

SUGAR CONVENTION BILL.-The Attorney General moved that the Bill entitled An Ordinance to give effect in this Colony to a Convention signed the fifth day of March, one thousand nineteen hundred and two, in relation to Sugar, which was read a first and second time in March last, be withdrawn.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An. Ordinance to give effect to Article VIII of the Brussels Sugar Convention, 1902.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

IMBECILE PERSONS INRTODUCTION AMENDMENT BILL.--The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Imbecile Persons Introduction Ordinance, 1903.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

CHURCH PROPERTY VESTING BILL.-The Attorney General moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to enable "The Trustees of Saint John's Cathedral Church in Hongkong" to hold and deal with property for the purpose of promoting the work of the Church of England in Hongkong and China.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

CHINESE EMIGRATION AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Chinese Emigration Ordi- nance, 1889.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council.

Question-put, and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported with no material amendments.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned till Thursday, the 27th October, 1904.

Read and confirmed, this 27th day of October, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

M. NATHAN,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 16.

THURSDAY, 27TH OCTOBER, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir MATTHEW NATHAN, K.C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.R.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

130

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N., (ret'd).)

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 20th October, 1904, were read and confirmed.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 20th October, 1904, and moved its adoption.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

NOTICE OF QUESTIONS.-Mr. SHEWAN gave notice that, at the next meeting of the Council, he would put the following questions :-

How has the contract for felling trees and currying away the wood been let? Is it for a lump

sum or per picul?

If by the picul, is the weight being supervised and checked, and if so, by whom?

Why were not public tenders invited for it?

SUGAR CONVENTION BILL.-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to give effect to Article VIII of the Brussels Sugar Convention, 1902.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

After some discussion,

Council resumed, and Bill reported with an amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

IMBECILE PERSONS INTRODUCTION AMENDMENT BILL,-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordina nce to amend the Imbecile Per- sons Introduction Ordinance, 1903.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

After some discussion,

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

Mr. SHEWAN objected.

Third reading postponed.

CHURCH PROPERTY VESTING BILL.-The Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to enable "The Trustees of Saint John's Cathe- dral Church in Hongkong" to hold and deal with property for the purpose of promoting the work of the Church of England in Hongkong and China..

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to, Mr. SHEWAN dissenting.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

Mr. SHEWAN objected.

Third reading postponed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till Thursday, the 3rd November, 1904.

Read and confirmed, this 3rd day of November, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

M. NATHAN,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 17.

THURSDAY, 3RD NOVEMBER, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir MATTHEW NATHAN, K.C.M:G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

13.

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N.(ret'd.)).

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON. GERSHOM STEWART.

The Honourable ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

ABSENT:

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 27th October, 1904, were read and confirmed. FINANCIAL MINUTE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minute, (No. 53), and moved that it be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.O.D. No. 8441 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four hundred and forty-eight Dollars and forty-one Cents ($448.41) for House Allowance for the period from 2nd Septem- ber, 1903, to 25th October, 1904, to the Assistant Surgeon acting as Medical Officer of Victoria Gaol during the absence on leave of the substantive holder of the post.

Government House, Hongkong, 31st October, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

QUESTIONS. In the absence of Mr. SHEWAN, Mr. STEWART asked the following questions which stood in the former's name :-

How has the contract for felling trees and carrying away the wood been let? Is it for a lump

sum or per picul?

If by the picul, is the weight being supervised and checked, and if so, by whom?

Why were not public tenders invited for it?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

NOTICE OF QUESTIONS.-On behalf of Mr. SHEWAN, Mr. STEWART gave notice of the following questions to be asked at the next meeting of Council :-

With regard to Buoys and Lights, will the Government take into consideration the advisability of having the present fairway marked at night by automatic light buoys? Are the pre- sent two small white lights in the Capsuimun Pass adequate? If not, what steps have the Government taken to replace them by better?

TRAMWAY BILL.-Sir PAUL CHATER addressed the Council, and moved the second reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance for authorizing the Construction of a Tramway within the Colony of Hongkong.

Mr. STEWART addressed the Council, and seconded.

His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council. Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

The Attorney General moved that the Bill be referred to the Law Committee.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

IMBECILE PERSONS INRTODUCTION AMENDMENT BILL.-The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Imbecile Persons Introduction Ordinance, 1903.

The Colonial Secretary addressed the Council, and seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

CHURCH PROPERTY VESTING BILL.-The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill entitled An Ordinance to enable "The Trustees of Saint John's Cathedral Church in Hongkong" to hold and deal with property for the purpose of promoting the work of the Church of England in Hongkong and China.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 15th day of December, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

M. NATHAN,

Governor.

490 MLEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 18.

THURSDAY, 15TH DECEMBER, 1904.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir MATTHEW NATHAN, K.C.M.G.).

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N., (ret'd).) Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

Dr. Ho Kai, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

Mr. WEI YUK.

Mr. ROBERT GORDON SHEwan.

Mr. WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

Mr. GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

The Council met pursuant to summons.

}

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 3rd November, 1904, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, (Nos. 54 and 56), and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee :—

C.S.O. No. 3549 of 1904.

C.S.O. No.

142 of 1904.

C.S.O. No. -3981 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five hundred Dollars ($500) in aid of the vote Botanical and Afforestation Department, Other Charges, for Tree Planting.

Government House, Hongkong, 8th November, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Dollars ($1,000) in aid of the vote Miscellaneous Services for Coals for Offices.

Government House, Hongkong, 8th November, 1904.

M. NATHAN,

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a further sum of Three hundred Dollars. ($300) in aid of the vote Fire Brigade, Other Charges, for Repairs to Engines, Hose, &c., and Gratuities.

Government House, Hongkong, 16th November, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 3rd November, 1904, and moved its adoption.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPER.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, Jaid on the table the following paper :-

Report on Examination of Samples of Alcoholic Liquors.

QUESTIONS.-Mr. STEWART, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions :-

1. With regard to Buoys and Lights will the Government take into consideration the advisa- bility of having the present fairway marked at night by Automatic Light Buoys?

2. Are the present two small white lights in the Capsuimun Pass adequate?

3. If not, what steps have the Government taken to replace them by better?

The Harbour Master replied.

Council adjourned for a meeting of the Finance Committee.

Council resumed.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 15th December, 1904, and moved its adoption.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned sine die.

Governor.

Read and confirmed, this

day of

1905.

Clerk of Councils.

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card om to rented

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bus duq-qoftsant!

No. 1.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 19th January, 1904.

PRESENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HAtton, C.B.). The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON). the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Acting Harbour Master, (BASIL REGINALD HAMILTON TAYLOR). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

CHARLES WEDDERBUBN DICKSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Committee met at the request of the Acting Colonial Secretary.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government :-

C.S.O. No. 8524 of 1903.

C.S.O. No.

F. H. MAY..

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Seven thousand Dollars ($7,000) in aid of vote No. 19, "Cable for Observatory and other Telephone lines to Kowloon,-Public Works, Extraordinary."

Government House, Hongkong, 5th January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

2233 of 1903, The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Extension. Three hundred Dollars ($300) in aid of the vote "Police-Other Charges" on account of rations

for Lepers in the Asylum at Au Tau in the New Territory.

C.O.D. No. 7956 of 1903.

Government House, Hongkong, 6th January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand six hundred Dollars ($3,600) in aid of the vote "Education, Inspector of Schools Other Charges" to meet the cost of participating in a scheme for the visual instruction of children as regards the geographical features, life and industries of the various parts of the Empire.

Government House, Hongkong, 7th January, 1904.

,י

C.O.D. No.

9790 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Forty-two thousand eight hundred and forty-five Dollars ($42,845) for the following

POLICE.

Personal Emoluments.

.$ 7,500

600

690

360

1,675

720

624

144

50 Chinese Constables at $150 each,

Ration Allowances,

23 3rd Class Constables promoted to 2nd Class; difference, Allowances for 6 Detectives,

Increased Ration Allowances,

8 1st Class Constables promoted to be 4 1st Class Sergeants and

4 2nd Class Sergeants; difference,

Increases to 52 Seamen,...

2 Barrack Sergeants at $240 instead of $168 each; difference,. 2 Station Sergeants at $168 each instead of $144 and $156;

difference,

16 3rd Class Engineers and Coxswains at $216 to $240 each instead of $216, and 8 Stokers at $144 to $168 instead of $144 each (previous service to count); difference,...

Total Personal Emoluments,..........

Clothing, &c.,

Other Charges.

$12,445

.$ 1,900

500

$ 2,400

Lodging Allowances during alterations to Central Police Station,...

Total Other Charges,

Public Works Extraordinary.

C.S.O. No.

8386 of 1903.

C.O.D. No

385 of 1903

Addition of Storey to Central Police Station,

Grand Total,

Government House, Hongkong, 7th January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

.$28,000

.$42,845

Government House, Hongkong, 8th January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

1. Assistant Secretary (from 11th January to 31st December, 1904),...$2,335.50

Do.,

Exchange Compensation,..

2. Correspondence Clerk (additional Salary),.

Total,.....

1,868.40

420.00

$4,623.90

Government House, Hongkong, 14th January, 1904.

C.S.O. No.

370 of 1902.

F. H. MAY.

1. Extension of Inspectors' Quarters at Kennedy Town,

2. Tai Po Road,

3. Extension of Wanchai Market,

4. Cattle Depôt Extension,

$ 1,250.00

5,000.00

645.24 15,000.00

3,500.00

5. Public Mortuary, Extension and Reconstruction,

...

Total,.......

.$25,395.24

Government House, Hongkong, 15th January, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed. The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 19th February, 1904.

A. M. THOMSON,

Chairman.

R. F. JOHNSTON,

Acting Clerk of Councils.

No. 2.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 19th February, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON), (hairman.

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Acting Harbour Master, (BASIL REGINALD HAMILTON TAYLOR). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G. WEI YUK.

CHARLES WEDDERBUBN DICKSON.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

ABSENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable GERSHOM STEWART.

The Committee met at the request of the Acting Colonial Secretary.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government :-

C.O.D.No. 436 of 1903.

C.S.O. No. 455 of 1903.

C.S.O. No. 9793 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twelve thousand Dollars ($12,000) in aid of the vote "Governor" under Personal Emoluments for an increase to the Governor's salary, from the 1st January, 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 21st January, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

1 Foreman (from January to December at $30 per month), 1 Do.

$ 360

(from January to June at $35 per month and from July to

December at $40 per month),

Do.

(from February to December at $50 per month),

450

550

Total,.

$1,360

Government House, Hongkong, 3rd February, 1904.

100-15.3.04.

C.O.D. No.

9169 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

This amount has been calculated as follows :--

Depreciation (as in Musso's case) 75 cents per square foot for Area (M. L. 184)

32,481 square feet.

Damage on 1st September, 1898,.

Interest thereon from 1st September, 1898, to 28th February, 1904,

Total,....

Deduct amount paid on 29th August, 1903,..

and

Interest thereon up to 28th February, 1904,

Total now payable,

Government House, Hongkong, 9th February, 1904.

.$24,367.50

9,381.46

$33,748.96

.$15,000.00

525.75

15,525.75

.$18,223.21

.C.S.O. No. 8342 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th February, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 14th March, 1904.

A. M. THOMSON,

Chairman.

R. F. JOHNSTON, Acting Clerk of Councils.

པ

No. 3.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 14th March, 1904.

PRESENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

•

་

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd).

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., U.M.G.

WEI YUK.

CHARLES WEdderbubn DICKSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Committee met at the request of the Acting Colonial Secretary.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government :-

C.O.D. No. 1298 of 1904.

C.S.O. No.

508 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 20th February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 20th February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six thousand and fifty Dollars and fifty-five Cents (6,050.55) for compensation on the valuation of the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, for the slaughter of Kennedy's cows and destruction of utensils, &c., necessitated by the recent outbreak of disease :--

32 sick Cows and Bulls @ $100 each

1 healthy Calf

$3,200.00

100-22.3.04

$ 75

Cow

300

Calf

100

Cow

350

375

Calves

600

300

Utensils, foodstuff, &c.,

2,400.00 450.55

Total,...

.$6,050.55

Government House, Hongkong, 20th February, 1904.

C.S.O. No.

3116 of 1902.

C.S.O. No. 244 of 1900

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

C.S.O. No. 992 of 1902.

Government House, Hongkong, 24th February, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Value of the apparatus for converting fixed lights at Cape D'Aguilar and Green

Island, £300 @ 1/8=$3,600.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th Feburary, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 21st March, 1904.

A. M. THOMSON,

R. F. JOHNSTON, Acting Clerk of Councils.

Chairman.

No. 4.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 28th March, 1904..

PRESENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (WILLIAM CHATHAM).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK..

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable CHARLES Wedderbubn Dickson.

}).

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Committee met at the request of the Acting Colonial Secretary.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Officer Adininistering the Government :-

C.S.O. No.

230 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Extension. Thirteen thousand eight hundred and one Dollars ($13,801) in accordance with the revised

Estimate for the Land Court, New Territory

Personal Emoluments,

Other Charges,

Total,.

$10,881

2,920

$13,801

C.S.O. No.

8400 of 1903.

Government House, Hongkong, 19th March, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand eight hundred and ninety-five Dollars and eighty-four Cents ($1,895.84) in aid of the vote Public Works Recurrent, "Miscellaneous Works, to clear off all liabilities in connec- tion with the construction of the Victoria Hospital.

Government House, Hongkong, 21st March, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 19th April, 1904.

A. M. THOMSON,

Chairman.

100—19.4.04.

R. F. JOHNSTON, Acting Clerk of Councils.

No. 5.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 19th April, 1904.

PRESENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd) Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G. WEI YUK

CHARLES WEdderbubn DICKSON.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Honourable GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government :-

€.O.D. No 2006 61 19 4.

C.5.0. No. 2292 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand two hundred Dollars ($1,200) (@ 1/8 £100) in aid of the vote Miscellaneous Services, being a contribution for the purpose of continuing the investigation of tropical diseases.

Government House, Hongkong, 30th March, 1904.

F. H. MAY,

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand one hundred and ninety-eight Dollars and ninety Cents ($4.198.90) in aid of the vote, Public Works Department under Personal Emoluments and Other Charges, for the following items :-

Personal Emoluments.

...£27.14.5

Executive Engineer at £40 per month, (42 days' half pay

from 2nd April, 1904, to 13th May, 1904), (Full pay from 14th May, 1904, to 31st December, 1904),

Other Charges. Conveyance Allowances.

303. 4.7

£330.19.0 @ 1/8-$3,971.40

Executive Engineer from 14th May, 1904, to 31st December, 1904, @ $30

per month,

Total,......

227.50

$4,198.90

40-27.4.04

Government House, Hongkong, 11th April, 1904.

C.S.O. No.

2639 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Maintenance of Public Cemetery,

Public Works Recurrent.

$ 4,500

Praya Wall and Piers,....

7,200

$11,700

Public Works Extraordinary.

New Territory Survey,

$ 2,000

Total,.

$13,700

Government House, Hongkong, 11th April, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed. The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 26th April, 1904.

R. F. JOHNSTON,

Clerk of Councils.

A. M. THOMSON,

Chairman.

No. 6.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 26th April, 1904.

PRESENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARsh Johnston).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER Barnes-LawrenCE, R.N. (ret'd). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ABSENT:

The Honourable CHARLES WEDDERBUBN DICKSON,

GERSHOM STEWART.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government :-

C.S.O. No. 2916 of 1904.

C.S.O. No. 2871 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two housand Dollars ($2,000) in aid of the vote, Public Works, Extraordinary, to meet cost of erecting a public urinal on the northern side of the hill close to the upper tram station at the Peak.

Government House, Hongkong, 18th April, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Clerk

Personal Emoluments.

at $600 per annum,

=$400

2 Clerks * at $480 per annum each,

640

For Tai Po † 2 Clerks at $600 per annum each, 2 Clerks at $480 per annum each,

800

640

$2,480

Other Charges.

Conveyance Allowances-Collector,

7 Clerks,

-$240 560

800

Total,..

$3,280

100-18.5.01 ·

* Temporary Shroff ($480) and Assistance ($144) under vote Treasury not now required.

† Shroff ($540) under vote Colonial Secretary's Office not now required.

C.S.O. No.

5235 of 1903.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 21st April, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed. The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 17th May, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

A. M. THOMSON,

Chairman.

No. 7.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 17th May, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER BERKELEY, Kt.).

་་

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL Jones).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

GERSHOM STEWART.

HENRY EDWARD POLLOCK, K.C.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

ABSENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.).

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government :-

C.O.D. No. 1602 of 1904.

C.S.O. No. 3110 of 1904.

C.S.O. No. 3549 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th April, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th May, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th May, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed. The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 12th July, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

A. M. THOMSON,

Chairman.

No. 8.

کیا

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 12th July, 1904.

PRESENT;

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON), Chairman,

the Attorney General, (Sir HENRY SPENCER Berkeley, the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

Kt.).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

Ho KẠI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN,

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable WILLIAM JARDine Gresson.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Officer Adininistering the Government :-

C.S.O. No. 1518 of 1904.

C.O.D. No.

3801 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 17th May, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Rifles, Equipment, Chargers,..

Other Charges.

.£1,171.18.0.

193.11.0. 3.19.0.

£1,369. 8.0. @ 1/8 — $16,432.80

C.S.O. No. 3734 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 20th May, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th May, 1904.

C S.O. No. 4562 of 1904,

C.S.O. No. 4623 of 1904,

Extension.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Dollars ($1,000) in aid of the vote, Police, for "Secret Service" under Other Charges.

Government House, Hongkong, 9th June, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote a further sum of Four thousand five hundred and twenty-four Dollars ($4,524) in aid of the vote Land Court, New Territory, for the following staff required from 1st June to 31st December, 1904, in connection with the Land Settlement in New Kowloon and the New Territory

Personal Emoluments.

4 Clerks @ $420 per annum=

@ $300

4 Coolies @ $ 96

@ $240

}}

Incidental Expenses,

..$ 980

700

1,120

224

3,024

Other Charges.

1,500

Total,...........

$4,524

0.5.0. No. 8400 of 1903.

C.S.O. No 2072 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 13th June, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 15th June, 1904.

F. H. MAY,

Half

pay for July at $3,600 per annum = ....

$150.00

from 1st August to 31st December at $3,900 per annum

812.50

$962.50

Exchange Compensation,

770.00

Total,...

$1,732.50

COD Yo. 4804 of 1:04.

Government House, Hongkong, 18th June, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd June, 1904.

C.S.O. No. 4666 of 1904.

F. H. MAY.

New Tower,.

Additional Quarters,

Shifting Light from Cape D'Aguilar to Green Island, Contingencies,

Total,.

•

$5,439.47 2,479.98

....

500.00

880.55

..$9,300.00

C.S.O. No.

4863 of 1904.

C.S.O. No.

5493 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 4th July, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 8th July, 1904.

F. H. MAY.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th July, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed. The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 19th July, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

A. M. THOMSON,

Chairman.

↑

No.. 9.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 15th September, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel LOUIS FAULKNER BROWN, R.E.). the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M..), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER Barnes-Lawrence, R.N. (ret'd).

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

•

GERSHOM STEWART.

The Committee met pursuant to summons.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

C.S.O. No. 2076 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

C.S.O. No.

6105 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th August, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

3. Maintenance of Telegraphs,

Public Works Recurrent.

$ 3,500

New Territory,.

2,500

of Praya Wall & Piers,...

1,500

13.

of Roads and Bridges in New Territory,

2,000

14.

of Sewers, Nullahs, &c.,

2,000

15. Miscellaneous Services,

23. Drainage Works, Miscellaneous,

24. Maintenance of Water-works, City and Hill District, 16,000

4,000

9,000

25.

Kowloon,

4,000

Carried forward,..............

$ 44,500

Brought forward,..........

Public Works Extraordinary.

3. Disinfecting Station, Kowloon,

4. Gunpowder Depôt, Green Island,

5. Harbour Office,

•

6. Law Courts,

7. Market, Western,

30. Road across King's Park,

38. Water-works:-Tytam Byewash Reservoir,.

39. Tytam Tuk Scheme,

Total,.

$ 44,500

$13,800

40,000

17,000

31,000

22,000

5,000

7.000

100,000

255,800

$ 300,300

C.8.0. No. 3938 of 1904,

Government House, Hongkong, 19th August, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Seven hundred Dollars ($700) Extension in aid of the vote Land Court, New Territory, Other Charges, for purchase, refloating and repair

of houseboat for use of Land Court Department as an Office in the New Territory.

C.S.O. No.

296 of 1904.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th August, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Thirty thousand and fifty-two Dollars ($30,052), for the following items on account of the Rider Mains Work, chargeable to Advance Account :-

Personal Emoluments.

Assistant Engineer, at £360 per annum-

Salary from 5th March to 16th April, 1904, Full Salary from 17th April to 31st December,

$ 228.65

2.913.36

$3,142.01

Overseer, at £180 per annum-·

Salary from 26th February to 12th April, 1904, ...$ 124.76 Full Salary from 13th April to 31st December,

1,478.87

1,603.63

Clerk-from 26th July to 25th October, 1904, at $960

per annum,

$ 240.00

219.35

459.35

$ 5,204.99

from 26th October to 31st December, at $1,200

per annum.

Total Personal Emoluments,

Other Charges.

Conveyance Allowances, $244 per annum-

Assistant Engineer from 17th April to 31st Decem-

ber, 1904,

Overseer from 13th April to 31st December, Estimated Cost of No. 1 Rider-Main District-Labour

and Material,..

•

$ 172.15

174.86

15,000.00

Service Connections to every house in No. 1 District, 9,000.00 Incidental Expenses,.....

Total Other Charges,

Total,

500.00

24,847.01

$30,052.00

Government House, Hongkong, 1st September, 1904.

}

C.S.O. No.

4193 of 1904.

C.S.O. No.

5193 of 1904.

C.S.O. No.

3981 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty-four thousand eight. hundred and ninety-three Dollars ($24,893) of which $16,892.05 is a re-vote of an unexpended balance of the vote Public Works Extraordinary, (24) Praya East Reclamation, for raising the carriageway and the footpaths from Arsenal Street to Jardine's Bazaar, Praya East, chargeable to Advance Account.

Government House, Hongkong, 1st September, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

Government House, Hongkong, 9th September, 1904.

M. NATHAN,

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand Seven hundred Dollars ($4,700) in aid of the vote Fire Brigade, Other Charges, for Repairs to Engines, Hose, &c., and Gratuities.

Government House, Hongkong, 12th September, 1904.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed. The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 22nd September, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY,

Chairman.

No. 10.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 22nd September, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel Louis Faulkner Brown, R.È.).

the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M..), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd). Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

The Committee met pursuant to summons.

Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :—

C.S.O. No. 7332 of 1904.

M. NATHAŃ.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand six hundred and fifty Dollars ($4,650) in aid of the vote Victoria Gaol, Other Charges, for the following items:-

Provisions for prisoners,...

Clothing and Shoes for Gaol Staff,

Fuel and Soap,

Materials for remunerative industry,

Total,.

.$ 3,000

450

400

800

$ 4,650

}

Government House, Hongkong, 12th September, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above vote be passed.

The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 29th September, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY, Chairman.

No. 11.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 29th September, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel LOUIS FAULKNER BROWN, R.E.).

the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER Barnes-LawRENCE, R.N. (ret'd).

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT

The Honourable Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

The Committee met pursuant to summons.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

C.S.O. No.

3938 of 1904,

M. NATHAN.

C.O.D. No. 5689 of 1903.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th September, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th September, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed.

The Committee considered item by item the Bill entitled An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding Five million eight hundred and thirty-five thousand four hundred and seventy Dollars to the Public Service of the year 1905.

The Chairman addressed the Committee.

The several items in the Bill were approved.

The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 6th October, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY,

Chairman.

No. 12.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 20th October, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Officer Commanding the Troops, (Colonel LOUIS FAULKNER BROWN, R.E.).

the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M..), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREwin).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd) Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G..

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

ROBERT GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

The Committee met pursuant to summons.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

CS.O. No.

6148 of 1903.

C.S.O. No.

6405 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty-five thousand Dollars ($25,000) in aid of the vote. Public Works Extraordinary for purchasing the Remaining Portion of Kowloon Inland Lot No. 1011 for the purpose of constructing Roads.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th October, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Thirty-eight thousand one hun- dred Dollars ($38,100) in aid of the votes Public Works Recurrent and Extraordinary for the following items:-

Public Works Recurrent.

9 Miscellaneous Works:--

Opium Searchers' Sheds,

Alterations in Government Offices,

Saiyingpun School-Surfacing Playing Grounds,.

Alterations for Improvement of Post Office Accommodation,.

Total Public Works Recurrent,.

Public Works Extraordinary.

10 Buildings-Post Office,

Total,

$ 2,200

200

· 300

400

$ 3,100

35,000

$38,100

Government House, Hongkong, 14th October, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed.

The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 27th October, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY,

Chairman.

No. 13.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 3rd November, 1904.

PRESENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.) The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.G.), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

་་

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N. (ret'd.).

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable ROBERT GORDON SHEwan.

The Committee met pursuant to summons.

Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

C.O.D. No. 8441 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

Government House, Hongkong, 31st October, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above vote be passed.

The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the 15th December, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY, Chairman.

No. 14.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 15th December, 1904.

*PRESENT:

His Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops, (Major-General VILLIERS HATTON, C.B.). The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (FRANCIS HENRY MAY, C.M.4.), Chairman.

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH Johnston).

the Registrar General, (ARTHUR WINBOLT BREWIN).

the Director of Public Works, (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES).

the Harbour Master, (Capt. LIONEL AUBREY WALTER BARNES-LAWRENCE, R.N.(ret’d.).

Sir C. P. CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M., C.M.G.

WEI YUK.

Robert GORDON SHEWAN.

WILLIAM JArdine GressoN.

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable the Attorney General, (ERNEST HAMILTON SHARP, K.C.).

The Committee met pursuant to summons.

Read the following Minutes under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

C.S.O. No. 3849 of 1904.

CS.O. No.

142 of 1904.

C.S.O. No. 3981 of 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five hundred Dollars ($500) in aid of the vote Botanical and Afforestation Department, Other Charges, for Tree Planting.

Government House, Hongkong, 8th November, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Dollars ($1,000) in aid of the vote Miscellaneous Services for Coals for Offices."

Government House, Hongkong, 8th November, 1904.

M. NATHAN.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a further sum of Three hundred Dollars ($300) in aid of the vote Fire Brigade, Other Charges, for Repairs to Engines, Hose, &c., and Gratuities.

Government House, Hongkong, 16th November, 1904.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the above votes be passed.

The Committee then adjourned sine die.

Laid before the Legislative Council and adopted on the same date.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

F. H. MAY,

Chairman.

No. 1.

BEYOND

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

PUBLIC

OF THE

WORKS

COMMITTEE

at a Meeting held on the 19th February, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (WILLIAM CHATHAM), Chairman.

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

Sir CATCHICK PAUL CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

99-

CHARLES WEDDERBURN DICKSON.

The Honourable GERSHOM STEWART,

ABSENT:

Kowloon Waterworks,-Catchwater (C. S. O. 780

10004).

The Chairman explained that when the scheme for the Water supply of Kowloon, which is at present being carried out, was prepared, plans showing the surrounding country were not available, and consequently the area from which water could be collected by means of a catchwater could not be definitely ascertained. It was assumed however that there would be no difficulty in arranging for an area of 400 acres, and the estimate submitted by the Engineers (Messrs. DENISON, RAM & GIBBS) was based upon that assumption. The estimate for the catchwater amounted to $40,000.

From plans which were now available and which he submitted to the Committee, it was found that it would be possible to construct a catch water along the northern slopes of the Kowloon range of hills as far as the Shatin Pass Valley. This catchwater would be about 5 miles in length and would intercept the drainage from an area of about 1,000 acres.

It was estimated that the cost of constructing the entire catchwater would be $120,000, or, if the portion required to intercept the drainage from an area of 400 acres only were constructed of such dimensions as to admit of the complete scheme being carried out at some future time, the cost was estimated at $95,000.

It was not necessary to carry out the entire scheme at once so far as present requirements were concerned, but there would be an economy in doing so as it would be simpler for the Contractor to carry out the whole work simultaneously than in two or more sections at different periods.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the entire scheme be carried out at once and, as it appeared likely that the storage reservoir would not be large enough to contain the water which would be rendered available, they also recommended that steps should be taken to increase its capacity.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 14th day of March, 1904.

R. F. JOHNSTON,

Acting Clerk of Councils.

W. CHATHAM,

Chairman.

No. 2.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE at a Meeting held on the 12th July, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES), Chairman.

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

Sir CATCHICK PAUL CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

GERSHOM STEWART.

ABSENT:

The Honourable WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

Extension to Sisters' Quarters. (C.S.O. 2884).

The Chairman explained that, in view of the large rent which has to be paid for "Stowford," the property of Mr. M. J. D. STEPHENS, in the neighbourhood, at present utilized for housing the sisters and the excessive repairs necessary from time to time, it was considered inadvisable to extend the lease, which expires on 30th April, 1905, beyond one year from that date, and to consider the desir- ability of erecting a wing to the present Hospital Staff Quarters especially as accommodation for a larger staff has become necessary.

He now submitted a plan shewing an extension to the present Staff Quarters which was estimated would cost $26,000 and would meet present requirements.

Sir PAUL CHATER stated that this was the scheme that was promised by the Government to the Jubilee Fund Subscribers and sanctioned by the Secretary of State for the House for the Nursing Sisters and that, although he was in accord with the suggestion of extension of accommodation for Government Nurses if it was required, before he agreed to the arrangement proposed he would like to have matters explained and the position cleared up.

With the consent of the other members the Chairman withdrew the plan and informed them that he would submit Sir PAUL CHATER's remarks to the Government and ask for an explanation of the position.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 19th day of July, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils,

P. N. H. JONES,

Chairman.

No. 3.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

PUBLIC

OF THE

WORKS COMMITTEE

at a Meeting held on the 19th July, 1904.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (PATRICK NICHOLAS HILL JONES), Chairman,

the Colonial Treasurer, (LEWIS AUDLEY MARSH JOHNSTON).

Sir CATCHICK PAUL CHATER, Kt., C.M.G.

GERSHOM STEWART.

WILLIAM JARDINE GRESSON.

Extension to Sisters' Quarters.

1904

(C.S.O. 2884 and 1984).

3601

The Chairman said that, at Sir PAUL CHATER's request, which was made at the last meeting of the Committee held on the 12th instant, he had asked for an explanation of the position from the Government, and the following statement, which he read out, made it quite clear :-

The Correspondence shews clearly that the Nursing Institute dissociated itself from the Government Nursing Establishment altogether, and shews that Government offered to build a four-roomed house for the Nurses of the Private Institution (Hongkong Nurs- ing Institution) but that no site was fixed on. Subsequently the Hongkong Nursing Institution obtained a grant of $12,000 in lieu of the provision of such quarters and there the matter rests. The Government has not promised any particular site to the Hongkong Nursing Institution.

Sir PAUL CHATER said it was as well to have this on record.

The Chairman then put to the Vote the matter of the extension of the present Government Civil Hospital Staff Quarters for the accommodation of the Sisters, at an estimated cost of $26,000, and it was unanimously agreed to.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 15th day of September, 1904.

S. B. C. Ross,

Clerk of Councils.

P. N. H. JONES,

Chairman

Sessional Papers - 1904