港史文本 - HK In Texts: Sessional Papers

PAPERS LAID BEFORE THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF HONGKONG 1895

Table of Contents

1. Assessment

Report for 1895-96

2. Botanical & afforestation

Report for 1894

3. Botanical & afforestation

Statement of Disbursements for foresty Works

4. Bubonic Plague

Medical Report on

5. Bubonic Plague

Statement of Expenditure

6. Bubonic Plague

Report Shewing Progress of Special Work

7. Criminal Statistics

For 1894

8. Education

Reports for 1894

9. Finance

Statement for 1894

10. Finance Committee

Reports of Proceedings for 1895

11. Fire Brigade

Report for 1894

12. Gaol

Report for 1894

13. Gap Rock Lighthouse

Report on the

14. Harbour Department

Letter Re alleged Corruption in the

15. Harbour Master'S

Report for 1894

16. Legislative Council

Minutes of Proceedings for 1895

17. Medical

Committee's Report

18. Medical Department

Report for 1894

19. Military Contribution

Despatches With Reference to

20. Military Lands & Buildings

Circular Despatch Re

21. Mr. Justice ackroyd

Despatch Respecting Pension of

22. Observatory

Report for 1894

23. Ordinance 1 of 1864

Despatch Repecting Repeal of

24. Personal Emoluments, Pensions, &C.

Statement Shewing total Cost of

25. Po Leung Kuk

Report for 1894

26. Police (Missing)

Report for 1894

27. Post office

Report for 1894

28. Public Works

Report on the Progress of Public Works During the First Half-Year 1895

29. Public Works

Report for 1894

30. Public Works Committee

Reports of Proceedings for 1895

31. Public Works Department

Supplementary Report of the Retrenchment Committee on the

32. Registrar General'S

Report for 1894

33. Revenue and Expenditure

Statement of, for 1894

34. Road from Victoria Gap to Mount Kellet

Letter as to Cost of Constructing Proposed

35. Sanitary

Reports for 1894

36. Taipingshan

Scheme for the Improvement of

37. Taipingshan

Report on the Resumption of Certain Properties in

38. Veterinary Surgeon'S

Report for 1894

39. Volunteer Corps

Report on the

40. Water account

Statement of, for 1894

41. Widows' & Orphans' Fund

Report on the, for 1894

HONGKONG.

THE ACTING ASSESSOR'S REPORT ON THE ASSESSMENT FOR 1895-96.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

437

No. 20

ASSESSOR'S OFFICE,

8th June, 1895.

SIR, I have the honour to subunit my Report on the Assessment for the ensuing year 1895-96. 2. By order of His Excellency the Governor in Council, the existing Valuation of the Colony has been adopted for the ensuing year.

3. Since taking over the duties of office as Acting Assessor in June last, Interim Valuations have been made by me as follows:-

From 1st July, 1894, to 30th April, 1895.

42 new tenements, rateable value,

5 improved tenements, ra Replacing Assessments,.

...

In the City of Victoria.

$38,510

value,

..$4,290 3,280

1,010

$39,520

7 Assessments cancelled, tenements removed,

Increase in City of Victoria,

1.780

$37.740

In the Rest of the Colony.

54 new tenements, rateable value,...... 1 improved tenement, rateable value,

$25,947

.$5,000

Replacing Assessments,....

3,600

1,400

$65,087

1,844

61 Assessments cancelled, tenements removed,

Total increase from Interim Assessments,

$63,243

4. The rateable value of the property in the enclosed area of Taipingshan resumed by the Government under Ordinance 8 of 1894 amounted to $58,805 including the old Taipingshan Police Station which was leased at an Annual Rent of $360, and excluding 6 tenements not rated for reason of occupancy, viz., free school and temples.

5. For the ensuing year therefore the rateable value of property in the enclosed area of Taiping- shan amounting to $58,805 has been omitted from the Valuation List of Tenements in the City of Victoria.

6. By including Interim Valuations, and increasing the rateable value of several tenements some- what under assessed, the amount of valuation for the City of Victoria for the new year 1895-96 is $3,160,874 as against $3,179,999 for present year, or a decrease of 0.6 per cent.

7. The Hill District, Hongkong Villages and Kowloon Peninsula shew an increase as compared with the preceding year, arising from new tenements having been rated for the first time, and aggre- gating an increase of $25,503 or 5.02 per cent.

S. I attach a tabular statement giving a comparison of the valuations for 1894-95 and 1895-96 for the whole of the Colony.

9. The number of tenements reported vacant, and inspected under section 35 of the Rating Ordinance has averaged 250 monthly, a number somewltat in excess of any corresponding month in the preceding year.

The above number, however, does not include some 60 tenements outside the enclosed area of Taipingshan which were closed during the plague and unfit for human habitation, and at this date remain unoccupied.

438

10. The result of the valuation for the new year has, I venture to conclude, proved satisfactory when taking into consideration that an extensive building area (Taipingshan) representing 417 tenements has been exempted.

The gain in rateable value of the Colony has been $6,378 for the ensuing year or 0·17 per cent. 11. There has been no change in the staff. Mr. CHAN PUI and Mr. Ip YUK PUI have continued to discharge their duties satisfactorily.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable A. M. THOMSON,

Acting Colonial Treasurer.

LOCALITY.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

CHAS. C. MALSCH, Acting Assessor.

THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.

VALUATION 1894-95.

VALUATION 1895-96.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

19,125

The City of Victoria,

3,179,999

3,160,874

Hongkong Villages and Hill District,

216,987

238,364

21,377

Kowloon Peninsula,

291,308

295,434

4,126

3,688,294

3,694,672

25,503

19,125

Deduct Decrease,.

Total Increase,...

19,125

6,378

0.17 per cent.

283

No. 20

HONGKONG.

STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS FOR FORESTRY WORKS IN THE YEARS 1896 AND 1897.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

Statement showing Disbursements for Forestry Works in the years 1896 and 1897, for which contracts have been

already made, and those for which contracts now require to be made.

APPROVED BY LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,

C.S.O. No. 881

1894.

Estimated total cost.

To be disbursed iu 1896.

To be disbursed in 1897.

1. Rearing Trees to be planted in 1896,.....

1,000.00

2. Planting Trees being reared under No. 1,

1,600.00

Contracts to be now made which require approval :-

3. Rearing Trees to be planted in 1897,

900.00

4. Planting Trees,.........

1,100.00

4,600.00

2,600.00

2,000.00

The works under headings 3 and 4 now require the approval of the Legislative Council in order that the contracts for them may be made; those under headings 1 and 2 have already been sanctione and are now in progress.

CHARLES FORD, Superintendent,

Botanical and Afforestation Department.

417

No. 27

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT

FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

No. 19.

BOTANIC GARDENS, HONGKONG, 27th May, 1895.

SIR, I have the honour to submit the Annual Report on the work and condition of this depart- ment for the

year 1894.

GENERAL.

2. The year under review was distinguished by a series of adverse events which imposed an almost continuous strain on the resources of the department to contend with the difficulties which arose in maintaining, with as little injury as possible, the various charges with which it is entrusted; but, in spite of all the strenuous efforts which were exerted, and which were successful to a great extent, con- siderable, but unavoidable, damages were sustained both in the Gardens and Plantations of the Colony. The events to which I allude were—(i) drought in the early part of the year, (ii) the plague of caterpillars in May and June, and (iii) a series of typhoons in September and October.

3. The suppression of the caterpillar plague occupied the almost undivided attention of the whole staff-except the Gardens' men, and many of these were also employed-for a period of two months, so that ordinary work had to be almost suspended during that time. For part of the time an additional clerk was lent from the Colonial Secretary's Office to assist in keeping accounts connected with the destruction of caterpillars.

4. Five typhoons visited the Colony within 28 days in September and October; they occurred on September 10th, 18th, 24th and 29th, and October 6th, respectively.

STAFF.

5. The Superintendent was absent on vacation leave from June 13th to September 28th.

6. The health of the native portion of the staff was good, and, fortunately, all escaped attack by the bubonic plague which raged for so many months.

REVENUE.

7. The total receipts of the Department are given in appendix A.

BOTANIC GARDENS.

DROUGHT.

8. During the first three months of the year only 2.46 inches of rain fell in the Gardens, and from April 1st to May 6th there were only 3.03 inches. The usual water supply to the Gardens was so suddenly diminished, and to such an extent, that plants in pots were exposed to great danger of being lost, and they were only saved by prompt arrangements which I made for obtaining water by carrying it from two trickling streams, which were temporarily dammed, outside the Gardens. An additional small supply was obtained by re-opening a well, within the Gardens, which had been closed for many years. The scanty supply procured was only enough for the plants which were in greatest need. Å more ample supply in dry seasons is much needed for both plants and lawns. The only lawns which can be irrigated, even when water is turned on continually, are those surrounding the flower beds, all the grass turf in other parts becomes as brown as hay throughout the dry season.

TYPHOONS.

9. On the approach of all typhoons extensive and troublesome preparations are always made to secure plants and property against damages as far as possible; the preparations for the 1894 typhoons were in all cases effectual so far as they went, but the October typhoon was of such violence as to place many things out of the bounds of practicable protection, and very great destruction and damage to large trees and shrubs inevitably occurred. Immunity from destructive storms for many years past had allowed the general effect of the Gardens to reach a state of great beauty, which, however, the last storm wrecked in a cruel manner, and it will be many years, under the most favourable circumstances, before the Gardens can recover the beauty which was so greatly marred.

418

10. The clearing away of débris, and preparations for replanting, &c., occupied all available time up to the end of 1894, and well into the present year.

GLASS HOUSES.

11. During a portion of the cold season the temperature falls so low that many tender plants which have to be kept, or housed, during the coldest weather, in glass houses suffer from cold. This has been remedied to a slight extent by the use of kerosene stoves, which, however, besides being troublesome and giving off an offensive smell, afford insufficient heat, and, I fear that fumes proceeding from the stoves are injurious to plant life. I had funnels, with tubes attached, placed over the stoves, and the tubes carried through the roofs of the houses, and so arranged that injurious fumes were carried off without their coming into contact with the plants, but also that the heat was retained almost completely within the houses. The heat obtainable by this means is, however, insufficient.

12. All the glass houses should now be provided with hot-water apparatus which could be heated from one modern improved boiler. The apparatus could be provided at a very moderate cost and the consumption of fuel would be very small for the short time during which artificial heat is essential.

ORCHIDS.

13. A very fair amount of success has been achieved in the cultivation of orchids, this success is sufficiently proved to encourage the continuation of efforts to cultivate and extend the collections. Some orchids can be grown well in open, shaded houses, but many of them at certain periods would be better in glass houses, while another class of orchids-those from hotter regions-should be always under glass. Glass houses are not only needed to provide a higher temperature for part of the year but also to protect the plants from storms of wind and rain. A suitable glass house could be erected in the nursery at a small cost, and it could be heated from the same boiler which I have alluded to above in my proposition for heating the other houses.

14. In appendix B I give a list of orchids which are now in cultivation here, and most of which are succeeding very well. The list is inserted not because it represents unusual extensiveness or excellence of kinds-although there are very many good kinds in the list--but to show what encourage- ment there is for the application of continued efforts in the cultivation and extension of this interesting, beautiful and fashionable class of plants. Those kinds marked with an asterisk have flowered in the Gardens.

LAWN CATERPILLAR. (Thialleta signifera, Walk.)

15. This caterpillar has given the usual trouble to circumvent its action in the destruction of lawns. It seems impossible to stamp it out, but the remedy-Jeyes' fluid, diluted-previously reported, is the best thing yet discovered to keep it in check.

The Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station last year published an elaborate bulletin by Mr. E. P. FELT on "Grass-Eating Insects" of the genus Crambus, but amongst the remedies there given there is nothing which is as effective for the Thialleta as that which has been adopted here.

EXCHANGE OF LAND.

16. When the New Gardens were being formed in 1871 an old, open nullah was built over and covered with soil. It was afterwards discovered that this nullah was a boundary of the "Glenealy property, and that by the filling up of the nullah and laying out of the new land as a portion of the Gardens an encroachment had been made by the Government on the "Glenealy" property. This pro- perty subsequently changed hands and the new Roman Catholic Cathedral was then built on it. Last year the Cathedral authorities required an extension of land and proposed that it should be given them in exchange for the 1871 encroachment, to which the Government acceded. This arrangement readjusts the boundary line of the Gardens to the mutual satisfaction of both parties and gives a well-defined line.

DISTRIBUTION AND INTERCHANGE OF PLANTS AND SEEDS.

17. The receipts were 1,238 plants and 116 lbs. of seeds in 277 packages and 4 wardian cases. The chief donors were-

Assistant Superintendent of Forests, Penang. Acclimatizing Association, Southern California. Aldridge. Dr., Ichang,

Botanic Gardens, Bangalore.

Botanic Gardens, Royal Calcutta.

}}

Kew. Saharanpur. Singapore.

Trinidad.

British Guiana.

Jamaica.

Mauritius.

Natal.

***

Rio de Janeiro.

Royal, Ceylon.

Barton, J.

Botanist, Government, Melbourne. Bodinier. Rev. E.

Boxall, W., England.

Bourne, F. S. A., Canton.

419

Braysher, Mrs. Deighton, Kiukiang.

Bunting, Isaac, Yokohama.

Cooke, Mrs.

Corner, G. E., Public Gardens, Shanghai.

Coxon, Mrs. A.

Cundall, C. H., Manila.

Dammann & Co., Italy.

Falconer, Miss M., Swatow.

Hanbury, T., F.L.S., Italy.

Hodgins, Captain, S. S. Formosa.

Humphreys, Mrs. J. D. Henry, Dr. A., F.L.S.

Lawrence, Sir Trevor, Bart., England.

May, F. H.

Taylor, C. S.

Treseder, John, Sydney.

Veitch, James & Son, Chelsea.

Walker, Captain Alfred, Foochow. Webster, L.

Wicking, Mrs.

18. In exchange 8,705 plants and 6 lbs. of seeds in 63 packages and 5 wardian cases were sup- plied. The following being the principal recipients :-

Assistant Superintendent of Forests, Penang.

Armstrong, J. M.

Andrews, R. H., Manila.

Anderson, Miss

Burdon, Mrs.

Bourne, F. S. A., Canton.

Bull, William, London. Bunting, Isaac, Yokohama. Barton, J.

Barker, Mrs.

Botanic Gardens, Brisbane.

Jamaica.

Royal, Ceylon.

Coxon, Mrs. A.

Calcutta. Kew.

Trinidad.

Singapore.

Corner, G. E., Public Gardens, Shanghai.

Cundall, C., H., Manila.

Cooke, Mrs.

Gamble, J. S. Imperial Forest School, India. Hanbury, T., F.L.S., Italy. Henry, Dr. A., F.L.S. Humphreys, J. D.

Mrs. J. D.

Hay, Drummond, Shanghai.

Horder, Dr., Pakhoi.

Hodgin, Captain, S. S. Formosa.

Italian Convent.

Lawrence, Sir Trevor, Bart., England.

Musson, Rev. W.

Newton, W.

O'Brien, Sir G. T. M., K.C.M.G. Police Station, Mt. Gough.

Shaukiwan

Stanley.

Peché, G., Burmah.

Taylor, C. S.

Veitch, James & Son, London. Williams, Rev. G. J.

Wicking, H.

Government Civil Hospital.

Goddard, Captain

Walker, Captain Alfred, Foochow.

PLANT SALES.

19. In 1893 the receipts for plants sold were abnormally large, and in 1894 they did not reach the same high figure. The receipts amounted to $501.76 for 2,338 plants which were sold. The orders received were 326, about half the number being cash transactions. It will be remembered that the Government make no profit on these sales, which are for the benefit of the purchasers only.

20. It seems incomprehensible why many purchasers will not apply usual business habits when sending orders for plants, paying accounts, &c.; but, on the contrary, will so frequently send com- munications addressed to me personally, the result being in case of my absence, which is naturally frequent, that inconvenience and unnecessary work is given to themselves and us, as that portion of the staff whose duty it is to attend to sales are unable to open covers addressed to me personally, instead of their being, as they should be, so addressed that any one in the office can open them and attend at once to the business.

LOAN OF PLANTS FOR DECORATION.

21. The loan of plants is almost confined to the winter months. At the commencement of the last season a new regulation came into force which required payment being made for the use of the plants. This, no doubt, operated in causing a diminution of the quantity of plants applied for, although the charge made is only 5 cents per plant, calculated to just cover the cost of growing them. The number of plants lent was 3,210, being 877 less than in the previous year; of the 3,210 lent, 2,276 were lent before the new regulation in regard to payment came into force. $47.40 was received for plants lent on hire.

22. The records are given in appendix C.

RAINFALL.

HERBARIUM AND LIBRARY.

23. The unusual circumstances which I referred to in paragraph 2, and my absence on vacation leave, left but very little time for herbarium work beyond preserving the contents of the herbarium in good condition.

420

24. The Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, presented a collection of about 200 dried specimens of plants, chiefly Chinese.

25. Dr. AUGUSTINE HENRY also sent collections amounting to 767 specimens which he had collected in South Formosa during his residence there.

26. Specimens were also received from Dr. GEORGE KING, F.R.S., &c., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta ; and from the Rev. Father BODINIER, of Hongkong plants, many of which were found last year by Father BODINIER for the first time in Hongkong.

Father BODINIER has in his botanical researches made constant use of the herbarium and library throughout the year, and he has expressed his high appreciation of their usefulness to him in his studies.

27. The following is the list of books, journals, reports, &c., received :—- Agricultural Journal of the Leeward Island, 1894.

From Dept. of Agriculture

of the Cape Colony, 1894. Bulletin (Brisbane) of the Department of Agri-

culture, 1893.

Bulletin (Jamaica) of Botanical Dept. 1893-1894. Bulletin (Kew) of Miscellaneous Information

1894.

Bulletin (Grenada) of Miscellaneous Information

1894.

Bulletin (Trinidad) of Miscellaneous Information

1894.

Bulletin Koloniaal Museum to Haarlem Maart

1894.

Bulletin Cornell University Agricultural Experi-

ment Station, Ithaca, N. Y.

Bulletin Calumet Plantation, 1890-1892. By

Hubert Edson, Chemist.

Bulletin University of California, Agricultural

Station, 1894.

Botanical Magazine for 1894. Purchased. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns

found growing wild in the Island of Penang. By C. Curtis, Esq., F.L.S.

Circular Notes Nos. 6 and 7. From Botanical

Department, Trinidad.

Flore Florestière de la Cochinchine. Dis septieme

Fascicule 1891. From Royal Gardens, Kew. Flora of British India, Part XX 1894. From

Royal Gardens, Kew. Gardeners' Chronicle for 1894. Handbook of Imperial Institute. From Govern-

ment Printing Office, Calcutta.

Purchased.

Hooker's Icones Plantarum Vol. II. Part IV and Vol. III Part IV. From the Bentham Trus- tees, through Kew.

Index Flora Sinensis, Part XI. From Royal

Gardens, Kew.

Index Kewensis Plantarum Phanerogamarum

nomina et synonyma omnium. Specierum a Linnæo usque adannum. Fasc. I, II, and III. Purchased.

Indian Forest Reports.

Forest Administration in central Provinces of

India, 1891-93.

Forest Administration in Madras, 1892-93.

in Baluchistan, 1892-93.

of the Forest Survey. Branch in India, 1892-93.

Forest Administration in Ajmere Merwara,

1892-93.

Forest Administration in Hyderabad Assigned

Districts, 1892-93.

Forest Administration in Provinces of Assam,

1892-93.

Forest Administration in Burma, 1892-93.

1893.

in N. W. P. and Oudh,

Forest Administration in the Bombay Presidency,

1892-93.

Forest Administration in the Lower Provinces of

Punjab, 1892-93.

Forest Administration in Coorg, 1892-93.

in Andamans, 1892-93. Journal of Botany for 1894. Purchased. Review of Forest Administration in British India,

1892-93.

Official Guide to the Museums of Economic

Botanic, 1893. From Royal Gardens, Kew.

Plantas novas cultivadas no Jardim Botanico do

Rio de Janeiro, 1893-94.

Report on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon,

1893.

Report on the Gardens & Forests Department,

Straits Settlements, 1893.

Report on the Botanic Gardens, Natal, 1893. Report on Diseases affecting the Sugar-Cane in

Barbados. By C. A. Barber, F.L.S. Report of the Department of Agriculture, Brisba-

be, 1892-93.

Report of the Royal Gardens, Trinidad, 1893. Report of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta,

1893-94.

Report on the Agricultural work in the Botanic

Gardens, British Guiana, 1893. Report for the Quarter ended 30th June, 1894, on

the Botanic Station Colony of Lagos, Africa. Report on Mussouri Botanic Gardens, 1894. Report of work of the Agricultural Experiment Sta-

tion of the University of California, 1891-92. Report on the Progress and Condition of the Government Saharanpur and Mussourie Gar- dens, 1893.

Report on the Government Botanic Gardens and

Parks, Bangalore, 1892-93.

Rice Growing and its Preparation for Markets,

Brisbane, 1894.

Record Vol. V. No. 1 of U. S. Dept. of Agricul-

ture, Office of Experiment Station, 1893. Supplement to the Leeward Islands Gazette, 1893. Science Papers, Pharmacological and Botanical. By Daniel Hanbury, F.R.S. From T. Han- bury, F.L.S., Mortala.

PLAN OF GArdens.

28. I am pleased to say that the Honourable the Director of Public Works has kindly undertaken to provide a plan of the Gardens. When it is complete I purpose producing a Guide to the Gardens which should be of use to visitors.

When it is complete I

421

FORESTRY.

29. Ordinary work was accomplished in spite of, and in addition to, the very large amount of work which was thrown on the department by the plague of caterpillars at the beginning of summer, and the typhoons at its end, but during the periods of those calamitous events regular operations were temporarily suspended.

PLANTING.

30. The number of trees planted was smaller than in most previous years; this is accounted for chiefly by the gradual reduction of expenses which has been introduced now that available and suitable planting lands have been to a great extent filled up, and by the contractor having failed to produce the stipulated quantity of trees in consequence of losses in the nurseries which were sustained owing to much of the land having been flooded by storm water.

31. In the contract for rearing trees for planting in 1893 I had provided for a large number of Cunninghamia sinensis in place of a corresponding value of the ordinary pine. The contractor suc- ceeded in supplying 20,000 good trees of this kind, and they were planted and have done well so far. I purpose, as far as possible, to substitute this tree for the common pine in all future work.

32. Upwards of 1,000 trees of Liquedamber formosana were also planted, and they made excellent progress. I intended to use this tree more extensively, but there is some difficulty in obtaining sufficient seeds; for those which have been obtained I am indebted to Mr. F. S. A. BOURNE, H.M. Vice-Consul at Canton. A further supply of seeds was obtained in December, but, unfortunately, very few matured on the trees last year, consequently, instead of the large number of trees which I expected to have very few were obtained for planting in 1895.

33. Special attention was also given to Bischoffia javanica, an indigenous tree, about 600 having been planted.

34. The timber of Liquedamber is valuable for making tea-chests as no odour is given off which would taint the tea. The wood of Bischoffia is in request by local boat-builders, being valuable for junks' and boats' knees. Whether marketable timber can be produced in Hongkong in any quantity requires time to prove. In favoured situations, however, it is certain that good timber can be grown. One tree which was blown down by a typhoon sold for $5 where it laid.

35. The required supply of Cunninghamia seed failed last year, the reason which the contractor alleged for the failure being that the typhoons had destroyed the cones before the seeds were ripe. As the seeds have hitherto been obtained from distant parts of the Kwangtung province I had no means of verifying his statement.

36. The usual planting statistics are given in appendix D.

FLOWERING OF BAMBOOS.

37. One species of bamboo (Bambusa Tulda, Roxb.) flowered more profusely and generally in Hongkong and Kowloon than in any previous year of my experience. It seeded, also, sparingly in some cases, but in most instances few or no seeds were ripened.

DESTRUCTION OF TREE-FERNS.

38. During the early period when the bubonic plague was prevalent the plants on the hills of a native tree-fern (Brainea insignis, Hook) were exposed to the risk of extermination by coolies who daily went to the hills to obtain supplies of the stems for medicine for the use of plague patients. I was informed that a decoction of the stems was made and used as a cooling beverage.

THINNING OF PLANTATIONS, &C., AND SALE OF FORESTRY PROducts.

39. The thinning of plantations has kept pace with the requirements of the standing trees. The number of trees removed was 31,415 as against 31,643 of the previous year. Of this number there were over a few hundreds of large old trees which were blown down by the October typhoon.

40. The revenue from forestry products was $770.22, an increase of nearly $200 on that of the

Statistics are given in appendix E.

year 1893.

PROTECTIVE SERVICE.

41. By the agency of the Forest Guards 106 cases of offences in the nature of damages to or des- truction of trees were dealt with by the Magistrates; 94 convictions were obtained. Fines amounting to $145 were paid by 36 convicted persons. The highest fine was $25, and the lowest $1.

42. The number of trees surreptitiously cut down, of which it has been possible to obtain records, was 606, not a large number when it is compared with the quantity of trees under conservation, but it is a slight increase over those of the previous year.

422

JUNGLE FIRES.

43. The fires were only 36, not much over half the number of those in 1893, but the damages which resulted from them were six times as great as in that year.

44. The neighbourhood of Aberdeen was distinguished by the greatest number and destructiveness of fires, two only of which were responsible for the destruction of 21,000 trees.

45. Tytam Tuk was the next locality on the list of destructive fires, four occurred in one day; they were caused by shells (?) fired from field-guns by the Volunteers while they were practising on January 3rd. About 3,000 well-grown trees were destroyed by these fires in what was one of the prettiest pieces of woodland scenery in the island. It will be many years, unfortunately, before the places can be restored to their former beauty. Similar practice should never be repeated during the dry season in any locality where there will be any danger of conflagrations.

46. The spring and autumn Chinese ancestral worship at tombs was well guarded as usual by a large body of men being posted all over the island to subdue any fires which might arise, and in consequence of these precautions but little damage was done.

The posting of notices cautioning worshippers to be careful in the use of fire has had a very good effect in educating the people, who seem willing to exercise care as requested.

47. The total number of trees destroyed by fire was 26,886.

TYPHOONS.

48. The trees of the Colony since the September typhoon of 1874 have never suffered so severely as they did from the typhoon in October of 1894.

49. On the morning of October 7th many of the streets and roads were blocked by fallen trees of small and large dimensions. Trees which had withstood the storms of 44 years were prostrated. No less than 76 trees were thus destroyed. The forestry staff, assisted by a large number of coolies, was distributed and set to work to clear the roads sufficiently for traffic, and before night no road was left entirely blocked. The entire removal of the fallen trees occupied several weeks.

For the work of clearing streets and roads I was fortunately able to obtain at once, by special arrangement, the services of 40 trained wood-cutters from the contractor who had the annual contract for thinning plantations.

50. The trees on the hills east and west of the Happy Valley suffered very severely when the wind swept down from the gap to the south of Wongneichung village. Pine trees of all sizes up to 43 years old and 6 feet in circumference of stem were strewed over the ground in all directions, especially on the eastern hill, but most of the largest ones came down in consequence of having had their large roots cut when excavations were made to obtain soil for filling in the ground within the Race Course a few years ago. The loss of these fine trees is very regrettable, especially as the loss might have been avoided if soil had been obtained from some place, which was possible, where no trees of such value need have been sacrificed.

51. Branches of Araucaria Cunninghamii were found at the Kowloon Docks, and as there are no trees at Kowloon from which these could have been deposited at the docks there is circumstantial proof that they were wrenched off large trees which were destroyed by the typhoon at East Point and carried by the wind, when the full force of the typhoon was blowing, across the harbour, a distance of just 2 miles.

52. Young pine trees on the hills all over the island, on Applichau island and in Kowloon were bent over when the soil was saturated with the storm rain, and they were unable to recover their upright positions when the storm had passed. As soon as the clearing of the roads was completed a large staff of men was employed up to December 27th in placing and securing these trees in an upright position again. About 200,000 trees were thus set up at a cost of close on $300 for wages. Trees which had been planted upwards of six years suffered very little except in some places where the force of the wind was concentrated, as in gaps between two hills and on exposed breasts of hills, in which places leaves were almost destroyed.

53. This was the first really serious typhoon which had visited the Colony since the afforestation of the island had commenced. It was predicted by some that violent storms would undo all our work in re-clothing the hills. The result of the trial which the trees went through in 1894 is sufficiently convincing that the theory which was entertained by those people was unsound. Some damage is inevitable, here as in all countries, from the effects of storms, and must always be allowed for.

PLAGUE OF CATERPILLARS.

*(EUTRICHA PUNCTATA, WALK.)

54. A report on this plague has already been furnished to the Government by my Assistant, Mr. TUTCHER. It is therefore necessary now only to supplement that report, which was called for by His Excellency the Governor, during my absence from the Colony, shortly before the measures which I organized for the extirpation of the pest had been successfully terminated.

*In the Kew Bulletin for November 1891 where the Hongkong Caterpillar Plague is referred to. the moth is referred to as Metanastria punctata, Walk. I presume that the generic name Metanustria has been adopted instead of Eutricha, which was given to me by Dr. GÜNTHER, Keeper of the Department of Zoology of the South Kensington Museum, when specimens which I sent to him were identified.

The Bulletin also states that the species is apparently not known out of South China, but is not remote, according to Mr. W, F. H. BLANDFORD, F.E.S., from the European Gastropacha pini.

423

55. In the beginning of March I observed the caterpillar of this moth on trees at North Point, but it existed only in very small numbers on a few trees. I kept it under very careful observation and found towards the end of April that it had appeared in many other localities, but there did not then seem any reason to suppose that it was necessary to adopt more special means for its destruction than in the previous two years. However, in May its extremely rapid increase in numbers and in size demonstrated an unusual visitation, and on May 15th I reported to the Government its presence and advised that immediate steps should be taken to destroy it. My recommendations met with His Excellency the Governor's approval, and I was at once provided with all the means and assistance which I had represented was necessary to carry out the work, and a careful organization was quickly completed.

56. The work to be accomplished was so extensive that it was necessary to secure auxilliary aid. This, fortunately, existed at the various police stations throughout the island and in Kowloon, and this assistance was, on application, placed at once at my disposal, with the sanction of the Government, by Mr. MAY, Captain Superintendent of Police.

57. The first steps taken were to employ a portion of the permanent staff of the department to collect caterpillars, in order to ascertain what would be a fair price to offer for them and then to communicate the information to the labouring classes in the town and villages that all who were inclined for the work would be employed to collect caterpillars.

58. Instructions were sent to the officers in charge of certain police stations to receive and pay for, by weight, all caterpillars which might be brought in, at the same time printed notices in Chinese offering payment for caterpillars were posted all over the Colony. Funds for disbursement on account of the work were advanced to the West Point, Pokfulam, Aberdeen, Shaukiwan and No. 2 Police Stations in Hongkong, and to those of Yaumati and Hunghom in Kowloon.

59. Operations commenced on May 24th, and on the 25th all the receiving stations were actively employed. In a short time there seemed no limit to the number of workers who could be obtained, whole families going to the hills to collect. At the busiest time there were probably over 1,000 people employed, and so great was the quantity of caterpillars brought in that the work of weighing them and paying away money, which was done daily, became a very severe task, occupying the greater portions of the afternoons. As the caterpillars increased in size, and therefore became easier to collect, the price offered was gradually reduced, and it was in like manner increased again in proportion to the work of collecting as the caterpillars became scarcer.

60. About the 12th of June nearly all the caterpillars had been collected, and as cocoons were forming the work of collecting them was then commenced and it was practically completed by the middle of July.

61. Communications were maintained daily by telephone or writing between the Gardens and the police stations, instructions being issued as required, and reports being sent in daily from the police stations, so that the Superintendent was in constant touch with all the work which was going on. addition, the Superintendent made visits of inspection as frequently as his absence from head quarters could be spared. The Head Forester and one Clerk were employed almost daily for two months in conveying supplies of money to the stations, 95 advances having been made in this manner.

62. The Government was kept constantly informed of the progress of the work.

63. Mr. TUTCHER rendered efficient and willing service in assisting to carry out the arrangements which were planned for the extirpation of the plague, and in supervising the completion of the work which remained to be done, (chiefly the collection of cocoons) at the time when the Superintendent was satisfied that the work was so nearly complete that he could go on vacation leave, which he had post- poned while his presence was required to conduct the work.

64. Statistics of the work were carefully kept, and these enabled Mr. TUTCHER, together with useful observations which he had made when inspecting plantations, to draw up the report which he submitted on the 10th of July.

65. This year the caterpillar re-appeared in April, but not in greater numbers than half a dozen coolies, who are still daily employed, have been able to destroy as fast as discovered. In the discovery of caterpillars the Forest Guards are employed to inspect trees, and to report daily, while they are engaged in their ordinary work.

66. The caterpillars were in myriads on nearly all the pine trees of the Colony, but they were much more numerous in certain places; these were Aberdeen New Road, Deep Water Bay, Causeway Bay, Quarry Bay, and Mt. Parker in Hongkong, and near Yaumati in Kowloon. The trees in those places were almost entirely denuded of their leaves. Many trees, which had been thus denuded and which were growing on unusually barren and dry soil, eventually died, but other trees made new, but weak, growth when the rains arrived; now, all are making new shoots of increased vigour, which promise complete recovery from the attack.

67. After the work of collecting had been in operation some time, and the trees were getting cleared I took the precaution of posting men along the boundary which divides British Kowloon from Chinese territory in order to intercept people who might be tempted to bring in caterpillars from China

424

for payment at our stations. This was found to be a necessary precaution, as, in a few days, what was expected took place, and many people were turned back who were in possession of loads of cater- pillars.

68. The exact quantity of caterpillars collected was 60,579 catties (36 tons 1 cwt. 0 qr. 20lbs.) and of cocoons 5,617 catties (3 tons 6 cwt. 3 qrs. 13lbs.) and the total cost of the work, exclusive of wages of members of the permanent staff who were employed, was $4,889.95.

69. Appendix F gives the quantity of caterpillars and cocoons received at each receiving station, and appendix G the daily expenditure from beginning to end. These will give an idea of the work performed in regard to its distribution and daily quantity.

70. I again express my appreciation of the value of the services of those police officers who gave such willing assistance, which was at a time when several of them were also engaged in special work in connection with the bubonic plague. The names of those police officers I had the honour to submit to the Government in letter No. 43 of the 10th September, 1894, when I specially brought their services to the notice of the Government.

71. Although there is no known record of such devastation committed elsewhere by the caterpillar which infested this Colony last year, it will be interesting to state here that terrible injury to trees has been wrought in other countries by other species, notably the Gipsy Moth in the United States, where in Massachusets, I am informed, $350,000 have been spent in attempts to exterminate it.

72. The Kew Bulletin for 1890, also, contained an account of a Forest Plague in Bavaria. The following extracts will be of interest. The documents in which they were contained were a despatch and enclosures from Mr. VICTOR DRUMMOND, at Munich, to the Foreign Office, which were sent by the Foreign Office to Kew Gardens.

"Mr. Drummond to Foreign Office.

"A very serious pest of the insects known as Liparis Monacha or "Nuns" has lately been causing great destruction to the Pine and Fir Forests in certain districts of Bavaria. This serious calamity to the kingdom had its first germs two years ago, when the Government, according to a statement made by the Upper Bavarian Agricultural Association, took measures to prevent it spreading. On the other hand, if public opinion is correct, the foresters, instead of carrying out hand and eye work in the forests, did not visit them as often as it was their duty to do. In any case the fact remains that the forest administration has been defeated by the "Nuns," and although everything is being done to extirpate them by killing thousands daily, it is now reckoned that Nature alone, "winter frosts," can rid the forests of the pest.

"It is calculated that the loss to the revenue from woods and forests for the nex tfinancial

year will amount to 800,000 marks (40,000 L.), and it is even feared that the amount may be larger, as where forests are injured by any special cause the "Bark beetle" follows and attacks the diseased wood; this will probably result next year.

"The enclosed translations of extracts taken from the "Münchener Neueste Nachrichten" show the extent of the calamity, and give a chronicle of the destruction caused by the "Nonne insects since the year 1449.

"(ENCLOSURE No. 1.)

and other

"Note from the Bavarian Forest Administration ( Finance Department) on the “Nonne. "The Forest Department of the Ministry of Finance state that the "Nonne" plague is now extended over nearly all Bavaria south of the Danube in scattered tracts. The infested districts are estimated at about 10,000 hectares. The fertility of the insect is great, and its numbers so enormous, that the Forest Department fear that no measures of destruction are of any avail. "We stand powerless before the immensity of the pest. The insect attacks chiefly the pine and fir with which Bavarian forests abound, but in default of these it does not despise the beech, oak, and other forest trees, and is even known to feed on shrubs and garden plants. It never attacks corn or wheat, and, curious to say, there is one tree it will not touch, viz., the horse chestnut.

"The means of destruction are various. Forest bonfires of worthless wood form an easy means within reach of all communes, &c. The insects are attracted by the fire and are smothered in the smoke, but only a comparatively small number are killed. Children and boys are also sent out to destroy the insects. From September to April, similarly, the eggs can be found in the bark and destroyed, and in April the very young caterpillars can be more easily killed. All these, however, are mere partial measures. The only efficient general measure seems to be the cutting down of whole forests when much infected, in which case the remedy is almost worse than the disease. One other method is used by the State, but not within reach of communes, therefore not described in the official pamphlet. A large electric light is placed in the forest by night and attracts thousands and hundreds of thousands of "nonnen" to the mouth of a large funnel through which a rapid exhaust current of air is forced, sucking in the insects by thousands into a hole under the earth where they are buried. Even this is only a partial measure, for in a forest containing perhaps a hundred millions of "nonnen” it is not much to destroy 200,000 or 300,000.

425

"(ENCLOSURE No. 2.)

"Translation of an Article in the "Münchener Neueste Nachrichten" of August 10th, 1890, entitled "Chronicle of the Destruction of Forests through the 'Nonne' and other Wood Insects.

"Just as men and beasts are from time to time carried off in multitudes by epidemics, which epidemics it has not yet been found possible entirely and finally to suppress by art and science and by doctors and veterinaries, in like manner the trees of the forest are now and then attacked and destroyed by forest insects. Fortunately these vanish, as a rule, as quickly as they come, by the operation of natural agencies. This is the only consolation we have in view of the desolate condition to which many of the pine forests of Germany, and in particular of Bavaria, have been reduced by the horrible devouring caterpillar the "Nonne."

"Before now in earlier centuries our woods have been attacked by similar calamities, and yet the German forests grow green and thrive, and yield, year by year, higher rents. This may serve to calm too anxious minds and to correct the views of those who are so ready with their judgments, and who ascribe the blame of the misfortunes which have fallen on the forests solely to the forest officials.

"1. In 1449 and 1450 a considerable plague of caterpillars attacked the Nürnberg forests, for which no remedy could be found (Nürnberg, Chronik.)

"10. In 1737 the caterpillars made such a dreadful invasion into the Thuringian Forest, that in a small part of the Duchy of Meiningen in 1742, 2,985 cords of dead wood still lay on the forest; but by good fortune at this time glass furnaces were introduced, which absorbed the wood killed by the 66 nonnen " pest. (K. v. Sprengeisen. Topograph, etc.)

"11. In 1783 and 1784, in the Fichtelgebirge (Bayreuth district), the "nonnen caterpillar caused great damage to the old and young pine trees. The bark beetle followed and finished the trees. (Kob.)

12. In 1791-96, in the forests of Kurmark, although for five years no trace of the caterpillar had been found, 650,000 "morgens of pine forest were devoured by the great pine caterpillar and the seventh part totally destroyed. (Hennert.) The bark beetle also took part in this destruction. The pest also spread to Mecklenburg, Saxony, and Bohemia.

"13. In 1794-97 the 'nonnen' caterpillar appeared in Vogtland, viz, in the pine and fir forests of Lobenstein, Schleiz, Ebersdorf, and Saalburg, and worked vast destruction, so that the loss was reckoned at 2,000,000 cords of wood, and the plague also threatened the neighbouring forests of Altenburg, Electoral Saxony, Saalfeld, and Schwarzburg."

Bechstein, in his Forest Insectology (1818), describes the great destruction caused by the 'non- nen' caterpillar in 1794-97 in Vogtland, Lithuania, and West Russia, and gives figures which corres- pond exactly with our present situation. Seventy-two years ago he wrote as follows:--

"It is horrible to travel in those districts where these caterpillars swarm. Many thousands

crawl up and down the trees. One cannot take a step without treading on a number of them. There is a perpetual rain of their excreta, which often lies six inches deep, and being dissolved by the rain, collects in puddles, which diffuse a pestilential stench. One can form no idea of the magnitude and terrible nature of the destruction. Fortunately Nature herself stopped the pest through a kind of dysentery which attacked the cater- pillars in the beginning of June 1797. This deadly sickness was attributed to a kind of mildew. The caterpillars collected together in great thick clumps, four to six inches across, the excreta became pale, the intestines dirty, and so they died, leaving behind them a disgusting stench.'

"As to the measures of prevention and suppression of that day, they hardly differed from those in use now. Bechstein, in 1818, recommended-1st, protection and encouragement of insectivorous birds; 2nd, protection of useful insects which attack and pursue the "nonnen"; 3rd, scraping the eggs off the trees with brooms and scrapers with long and short stems; 4th, picking off the moths, caterpillars, and cocoons (in 1796 the Prussian district administration at Hof caused 1,838,000 female butterflies to be caught, and paid 6 krenzers for every thousand); 5th, the lighting of a number of small bonfires on dark nights (for it is well known that butterflies are attracted by the moonlight), and they paid in Bayreuth in 1796 for one night's maintenance of fire and bringing wood 5 groschen; 6th, isolation of the districts attacked by broad paths and ditches; 7th, cutting off in March and April of the branches nearly to the vertical, and burning them; 8th, cutting down of whole standing trees, and burning of the branches and bark; 9th, removal of moss and litter from the forests and burning, if eggs or cater- pillars are found therein.

"In connexion with the injury caused by the 'nonnen' in this century, we may briefly mention here the extensive 'nonnen' plague of 1839-40 in Upper Suabia (Würtemberg), which ravaged many hundreds of 'morgens' of pine forest. The same thing was repeated in 1855, and at the present

426

moment is appearing almost in the same spots in a very serious manner. But the most considerable 'nonnen' pest of all took place in Russia, and spread from 1845-1868 in a most devastating manner over Poland, Lithuania, and East Prussia. The invasion in East Prussia began suddenly in 1853, in the night of July 29-30, and covered a superficies of about 60 German square miles in the administra- tion of Gumbinnen, after it had already crossed over in 1851 and 1852 the southern boundary of the administration of Königsberg. At that time the 'nonnen' moths were driven by a storm into the sea while on their way, so that the insects were thrown up by the waves on to the coasts for a distance of 10 German miles in a bank 7 feet wide and 6 inches thick, and were used as manure by the coast inha- bitants. The extent of the ravages in Russia at that time was 6,400 German geographical square miles, in East Prussia 600 ditto, total 7,000. At the very least 55,000,000 Prussian cords or wood, of 184,000,000 cubic metres of wood, became the prey of 'nonnen' and bark beetles.

"These few examples may suffice to show that the 'nonnen' have made their appearance in former centuries in large numbers, and have generally disappeared with equal suddenness. The present catastrophe will likewise come to an end, after causing heavy losses, though it may possibly return many years later. But we possess no radical remedy against the 'nonnen,' and it seems doubtful if we shall ever find one. At all events it is the duty of the forest managers, forest owners, the Govern- ment, and the whole population to come to close quarters in every possible way with this dangerous visitor, even although Nature herself up till now has proved herself the best helper, and may continue so in future. When, however, the present evil will be conquered that God alone can certainly tell-“Let us hope for the best."'

73. The experience gained in Europe and related above is useful as indicating the habits and peculiarities of tree-eating caterpillars, and what the prospects may possibly be of the re-invasion in Hongkong of the caterpillar with which we have had so unfortunate an experience. There is one comfort here which was denied those on the European continent, viz., that our caterpillar does not seem to have the capacity to live on any other tree or plant except the common pine, so that all other things have been quite exempt from attack. The moth of our caterpillar, on the other hand, is not attracted by light, which I proved last May when experimenting with a view of ascertaining the best practicable methods of destroying the caterpillar.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

CHARLES FORD, Superintendent,

Botanical and Afforestation Department.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Colonial Secretary,

&c.,

fc.,

&c.

Appendix A.

TOTAL REVENUE COLLECTED BY THE DEPARTMENT DURING 1894.

Forestry Products,....

Sale of Plants,

Loan of Plants,

Appendix B.

$ 770.22 501.76

47.40

$ 1,319.38

CHARLES FORD,

Superintendent,

Botanical & Afforestation Department.

*Acampe multiflora.

Aërides affine?

Lobbii.

odoratum.

quinquevuluerum.

testaceum.

*Anæctochilus Dawsonianus.

Roxburghii. sp. (Formosa).

Ansellia africana. "Appendicula bifaria. *Arundina chinensis.

LIST OF ORCHIDS CULTIVATED IN THE GARDENS,

*Bletia hyacinthina.

var alba.

Bulbophyllum delitescens.

*Calanthe Veitchii.

多

veratrifolia.

vestita.

Cattleya citrina.

lutea.

crispa.

Dowiana.

Gaskelliana.

gigas.

*These bave flowered in Gardens.

Cattleya labiata.

Mendelii.

Mossice.

Trianæ.

*Cleisostoma Fordii. Coelogyne cristata.

***

fimbriata.

flaccida.

lentiginosa. ochracea. odoratissima.

pandurata.

Schilleriana. speciosa

*Cottonia sp. *Cymbidium aloifolum.

ensifolium. pendulum.

sinense.

sp.

Cypripedium Argus.

bellatulum.

concolor.

****

Dayanum. Haynaldianum. hirsutissimum. insigne Exul. Lowii. niveum.

Parishii.

purpuratum. Stonei.

villosum.

Cyrtopera flava.

*Dendrobium aduncum.

aggregatum. albosanguineum.

cambridgeanum. chrysotoxum. chrysanthum.

aureum.

crassinode.

***

crumenatum.

crystallinum.

Dalhousieanum.

Dearei.

وو

densiflorum.

Devonianum.

eburneum.

fimbriatum oculatum.

Findlayanum.

Fytchianum.

Farmeri.

formosum.

وو

giganteum.

Hillii.

Hildebrandianum.

infundibulum.

وو

japonicum.

Jamesianum.

Lindleyanum.

Loddigesii.

luteolum.

moschatum.

Macræi.

macrostachyum. macrophyllum MacCarthic.

nobile.

Parishii.

plicatile.

Pierardi.

Pelpitræ.

sp. (Australia).

tortile.

LIST OF ORCHIDS,-Continued.

Dendrobium thyrsiflorum.

virginalis. Wardianum.

Diacrium vitellinum, majus. *Epidendrum Hanburyanum? *Eria ambrosia.

Corneri. flava.

rosea.

*Goodyera procera.

Grammatophyllum truncatum Habenaria galeandra.

Miersiana.

militaris.

rhodocheila.

Susannæ.

*Hæmaria discolor.

Lælia anceps.

autumnalis.

Dayana.

majalis.

purpurata.

*Limatodes gracilis.

rosea.

*Liparis chloroxantha.

nervosa.

*Luisia grandiflora ?

Maxillaria grandiflora. *Nephelaphyllum sp. *Oberonia sp.

Odontoglossum citrosmum.

grande.

Insleayi.

Oncidium crispum.

flexuosum.

sphacelatum.

*Ornithochilus fuxus.

Peristeria elata. *Phaius grandifolius.

maculatus.

*Phalaenopsis amabilis.

leucorrhoda.

Luddemanniana.

rosea.

Schilleriana.

sp.

Stuartiana.

*Pholidota chinensis.

imbricata.

*Platyclinis sp.

*Pogonia Fordii.

Renanthera bilinguis.

coccinea.

*Saccolabium Blumei majus.

giganteum.

Roxburghii.

*Sarcanthus sp.

多多

teretifolius.

Stanhopea tigrina.

Thunia Bensoniæ.

Marshalliæ.

pulchra.

Trichopilia laxa.

Vanda Batemanni.

concolor.

densiflora.

Denisoniana.

Hookeriana.

Sanderiana.

suavis.

sp.

teres.

tricolor.

Zygopetalum Mackayi.

These have flowered in Gardens.

427

CHARLES FORD,

Superintendent,

Botanical & Afforestation Department.

428

Appendix C.

RAINFALL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT THE BOTANIC GARDENS, DURING 1894.

ABOUT 300 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL.

TAKEN AT 10 A.M.

DATE.

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct. Nov.

Dec.

...

80.

...

90.

...

90.

...

*02

⚫01

*50

1-79

*05

-25

⚫07

*26

.:.

⚫07

*07

•10

⚫03

•

•23

60.

10.

...

.12

1.22

*05

•14

*04

06.

⚫30

⚫84

⚫50 1.20

•13

2.48

3.23

12.61

2.54

⚫02

80.

•23

..01

+36

⚫39

*05

3.05

*53

•21

40.

09.

.07

2.19

⚫45

6.20

1.16

2:51

•24

⚫03

•21

.02

.84

89.

10.

...

1.10

86.

⚫34

.08

1.52

⚫01

•27

*27

*55

1·85.

2.24

*50

*02

4.97

2.23

*05

10.

1.23

*05

...

1.58

60.9

•24

•10 2.39

...

1.28

2.29

•19

⚫03

•87

*56

⚫01

...

*43

2.09

⚫01

...

16.I

10.

•11

+42

*07

12227

...

1.17

90.

4.70

09.

+21 1.24

⚫36

1.95

•40

•27 1.29

•62

•19

•37

1.20

*95

10.

•10

*10

⚫02

4.71

*03

...

4:.

•25

*20

⚫04

10,

11,

12,

10.

:..

*15

...

13,

14,

15,

16,

17,

18,

...

•13

19,

*05

20,

21,

22,

23,

24,

25,

26,

06.

:..

27,

.10

28,

29,

⚫01

30,

80.

31,

*24

Total,...... 1.51

.73

•15

...

*21

•10

...

*03

08.

CHARLES FORD,

Superintendent,

Botanical & Afforestation Department

+22 3:03 20.15 18.49 8.93 18.16 21.96 18.84

Total inches for the year 99. //2.86

⚫04

Appendix D.

STATISTICS OF PLANTING OPERATIONS.

* Pinus

LOCALITY.

Terns- Cunning Trista- Masso- træmia -hamia niana. japonica. sinensis. conferta.

nea

Cam-

phor.

Spondias

Liqui-

Bischo-

Area

Mangi-

dambar Quercus forino-

Bamboo.

sp.

Celtis

sinensis.

Miscella

fera.

ffia

javanica.

neous.

Acres.

Grand

Total of

Trees.

sana.

West Point,

Tytam,

Wanchai Gap,

Aberdeen New Road,

Do., and Wanchai Road,

Quarry Bay,

Kowloon,

Kennedy Town,

Magazine Gap Road,

Richmond Road,

Various Places,

146

232

...

276

384 200

...

173

161

149

6/1/

8,202

323

39,151

8/3/2

10,395

...

1,153

1,418

289

1 1/2

1,760

136

501

:..

145

824

...

137

291

530

353

194

133

...

4,766

2,138

759

24,946

14,032

5,407

3,972

450 703

...

1,418

294

304

F:..

2,931

830

521

1,192 730

486

173

637

463

521 63,607

Total,.

35,413 99 20,142

* Previously known as Pinus sinensis.

CHARLES FOrd,

Superintendent,

Botanical & Afforestation Department,

429

430

Appendix E.

SALE OF FORESTRY PRODUCTS, BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION DEPARTMENT.

West Point,

Deep Water Bay,

Mount Davis,

Causeway Bay,

North Point, Sookunpo Hill,

Wongneichung,

Kowloon,

Bowen Road,

Aberdeen,

Bowrington,

Little Hongkong,

Tytam Tuk,

Tree Prunings,

Brushwood,

Camphor Trees,

Seeds,

Timber,

Locality.

PINE TREES.

Quantity.

Amount.

736

7.91

17,505

228.77

377

15.80

3,159

55.26

2,038

37.78

3,809

82.01

1,069

140.90

1.89

918

15.49

1,377

11.34

11.31

115

6.76

191

3.54

Total Number of Trecs,.

31,415

618.76

Total Revenue for Forestry Products,......

2,777 piculs.

115.84

541

13.57

2.80

55 catties.

13.75

5.50

770.22

CHARLES FORD, Superintendent,

Botanical & Afforestation Department.

Appendix F.

QUANTITIES OF CATERPILLARS AND COCOONS RECEIVED AT EACH STATION.

Station.

Quantity of

caterpillars

collected.

cocoons collected.

Catties. Taels.

Catties.

Taels.

No. 2 Police Station,

Shaukiwan Police Station,

Botanic Gardens,

Yaumati Police Station,

West Point Police Station,

Aberdeen Police Station,

26,529

556

9,201

799

7,271

477

5,287

4,699

4,290

Hunghom Police Station,

2,371

Pokfulam Police Station,

929

TNB∞ *

983

717

846

213

1,024

T: 012

Total,......

60,579

5,617

01/

CHARLES FORD,

Superintendent.

Botanical & Afforestation Department.

DATE.

Appendix G.

DAILY PAYMENTS ON ACCOUNT OF CATERPILLAR PLAGUE.

Amount paid for Caterpillars.

Amount paid for Cocoons.

DATE.

Amount paid for Caterpillars.

1894.

431

Amount paid for Cocoons..

May 24,....

1894.

5.95

Brought forward,....................

3,176.951

436.66

25,.......

103.07

June 20,

2.30

84.14

26,.......

618.61

21,

2.26

$1.91

27,.......

18.13

22,

1.72

91.02

28,...

149.14

23,

96.27

29,....

383.63

24,

8.84

30,...

437.66

25,

2.51

93.31

31,.......

333.98

26,

.96

111.24

June 1,.......

87.30

27,

123.80

2.........

187.601

28,

.40

75.76

3,.......

.66

29,

41.591

4,.......

266.291

30,

24.7311⁄2

5,........

101.39

July 1,

74.62

.22

7..........

80.57

.69

8,.......

1.96

9........

57.49

.22

11..........

47.50

1.57

12,.........

85.29

10.12

13,.......

61.68

54.69

14,........

50.55

110.42

15,.........

18.07

129.05

10,

16,.........

.89

5.48

11,

クラ

17,..........

3.76

12,

18,.........

2.92

53.53

13,

19..........

1.95

66.91

14,

.:.

6.91

48.19

33.66

28.63

33.99

24.35

37.00

1.40

55.08

32.26

25.20

49.174

43.771

13.94

Carried forward,......... 3,176.95

436.66

Total,................ 3,187.101

1,702.85

CHARLES FORd,

Superintendent,

Botanical & Afforestation Department

175

HONGKONG.

MEDICAL REPORT ON THE EPIDEMIC OF BUBONIC PLAGUE IN 1894,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

No. 16

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 2nd March, 1895.

SIR,

I have the honour to forward to you Dr. Lowson's report upon the late Plague epidemic in this Colony.

It reflects the greatest credit on its author for the care with which the records have been kept from the beginning, the practical way in which the symptoms, progress and treatment of the disease and its post mortem appearances have been treated, and the recommendations that have been made to prevent its occurrence in the future.

The necessity for remedying the results of faulty construction of the houses in the Chinese quarters, the want of ventilation, light and air in them, the impossibility of keeping them clean and wholesome, the inadequate water supply, the want of proper drainage, the overcrowded condition of the houses, the filthy condition of wells, the necessity for proper latrine accommodation, and the enormous amount of filth collected in the houses have now been fully revealed. I first called the atten- tion of Government to the state of things I have mentioned in my report dated the 15th April, 1874, within six months of my arrival in this Colony, In this report I mentioned by name the streets and lanes, and the position of many gullies without a name in that portion of Taipingshan which has now been walled in, and the condition of filth in which I found the houses, also streets and alleys in other portions of the town; almost the same state of things was found in 1894. Yet a further special report was sent in by a Commission appointed to verify the state- ments made in my report which was sent in in May 1875. In 1880 Mr. CHAD- WICK arrived with a Royal Commission to investigate the condition of things described, and his full report to the Secretary of State appeared in a Blue Book. Six years afterwards he again visited the Colony and expressed his surprise at finding how little had been done to remedy the state of things he had described, and again reported on them. Many laws have been made in the twenty years. previous to 1894 to remedy the insanitary state of the Colony, but most have remained dead letters owing to the difficulties of enforcing them and the prejudices of the Chinese especially and other sections of the community.

Since 1874 the divisions of the City of Victoria inhabited by Chinese have increased more than three fold in size, and the new portions are in nearly as bad a condition as the old.

The labours of Hercules in cleansing the Augean stables were a trifle com- pared with that which the Government has to contend with in the near future in cleansing the City of Victoria and other inhabited portions of the Colony.

Another report from the Permanent Committee of the Sanitary Board will describe the work done by those working under their supervision.

Dr. Lowson's report is a most interesting and valuable addition to medical literature, and will no doubt receive the commendations it deserves. He was most unsparing of himself during the progress of the epidemic and untiring in his efforts to render assistance to all who were working under his superintendence. The work done by him during this trying period cannot be too well recognised.

176

That the latrines are a source of propagating the infection as described by Dr. Lowson there is no doubt, and proof is afforded by the dates of the closing of the surrounding houses. I found on inquiry that during the end of May and the beginning of June, when the prevailing winds were from the cast and north, the houses to the west and south of the latrines were closed and afterwards, when the prevailing winds were from the south and west, the houses to the north and east of the latrines were closed, being found infectel and more than three deaths having occurred in each of them. Mr. RAM made elaborate plans of the City of Victoria showing where the plague existed, and the proportion of houses in each district that were infected.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

PH. B. C. AYRES,

Colonial Surgeon.

SIR,

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 1st March, 1895.

I have the honour to forward herewith for your information a Report upon the Epidemic of Plague in Hongkong in 1894, so far as it concerns the medical work which I carried out under your directions.

I regret extremely that several important matters-including the epidemiology of the disease-which I could have wished to discuss at some length, have been touched upon very superficially, or passed over altogether in this Report. I will ask you to accept as an excuse for my shortcomings in these respects the following facts of which you are, I believe, already cognizant :—

(a) The overworked condition of the Medical Department during the Epidemic, and at the present time has necessitated my writing most of these pages during odd half hours which would, under other circumstances, have been devoted to recreation or repose.

(b) The proofs have had to be corrected during a period of convalescence

succeeding a prolonged attack of malarial fever.

(e) The temperature charts and pulse tracings have been reproduced with some difficulty with the scanty appliances at the command of the local printers.

I have written strongly-as I feel strongly-concerning the existence and con- dition of the Tung Wa Hospital, but you will understand that my objections to that institution are based entirely upon professional grounds. Conducted as it is at present, under the patronage and protection of the local Government, a certain amount of countenance is, or at any rate appears to be, lent to what I can only describe as medical and surgical atrocities. In addition to this, I believe that it constitutes a serious menace to the health of the community. I should, however, be sorry to have it supposed that I do not recognise the fact that where a large native population is concerned, some deference has to be paid to the inclinations, and even to the prejudices, of the majority. Personally I believe, however, that a scheme might be devised which would satisfy the wishes of the Chinese without sacrificing the sanitary well-being of the Colony; and I think that it is a matter for congratu- lation that the publicity that bas been recently given to the system under which the institution in question has been conducted in the past has already resulted in a marked improvement in the direction of order and cleanliness. In reading over the pages which I send you herewith I am fully conscious that I have expressed myself some- what uncompromisingly upon this and upon some other topics; but I have thought (and I hope that in this I shall have your concurrence) that in writing a medical report I am perhaps justified in taking a purely scientific view of the questions under discussion, leaving it to others to advance what is to be said (and I do not doubt that something is to be said) upon the side of expediency and public policy.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

DR. PH. B. C. AYRES, C.M.G.,

Colonial Surgeon.

JAMES A. LOWSON,

Medical Officer in charge of Epidemic Hospital and Acting Superintendent of Government Civil Hospital and

Lunatic Asylums.

177

THE EPIDEMIC OF BUBONIC PLAGUE. IN HONGKONG, 1894.

To write an historical introduction upon the subject of Plague should at the present moment be an easy matter, considering the many classical monographs and articles which have been written upon it within the last century. When the pre- sent outbreak occurred in Hongkong, the only authority that I had at my disposal was the article on Plague in Quain's Dictionary of Medicine" by J. N. RADCLIFFE, the experiences that we have had here being to a considerable extent new to the present generation. Latterly, the articles in the Encyclopædia Brittannica and DAVIDSON'S Tropical Medicine-not to mention HECKER's classical work-were brought to my notice. I have not been able to make myself familiar with the opi- nions of CABIADIS and others in print, consequently the notes on the disease which I now present are almost solely founded on experiences here during the past year.

The history of Plague, as regards the civilised West, has been told times without number, but, with the exception of RoCHER'S papers, the history of the disease in the Far East is a perfect blank. One would expect, seeing that China has the unenviable reputation of being the seat of the plague, that the Chinese classics would show some trace of the existence of epidemics of the disease. I have requested Mr. J. DYER BALL, one of the most eminent, and certainly one of the most painstaking of Chinese scholars, to make careful enquiry into the subject, and the result is that, after months of diligent searching, he finds that Chinese history makes no reference to any epidemic which has left a mark on the inefface- able records of time. The epidemic in Canton of 1894 is by far the most notice- able case (of which there is any record) of the disease carrying off large numbers of the population. The first time in contemporary history that plague has really made itself felt in China, was in 1844-just after the Egyptian epidemic had left its mark on European medicine,—and in this case, by the records at hand, the epidemic did not work nearly so much havoc amongst the population as it did during the year recently finished. Plague has been practically endemic in Pakhoi for over twenty years, as has been recorded by Drs. LowRY and HORDER; the only occasion. when it has been at all epidemic being about ten years ago.

The epidemic in Canton, according to the information at our disposal, began early in February 1894. During the four months following it was practically un- known in Pakhoi. In May it broke out in Hongkong, ninety miles from Canton, and three hundred and seventy miles from Pakhoi. Negative evidence is wanting to show that it did not come from Canton. Positive evidence is wanting to show that it came from Pakhoi.

An average of 11,090 passengers came from Canton every week whilst only 64 came from Pakhoi.

There were many patients fleeing from Canton on account of the plague,— none fleeing from Pakhoi.

Most certainly tens of thousands of persons died from plague in Canton, from January 1st to May 1st, 1894, whilst the dead were to be reckoned by tens only in Pakhoi during the same period, there being three or four steamers every day from Canton to Hongkong whilst there were only six in a month from Pakhoi.

Since 1873, it has been endemic in the province of Yunnan, a district about 900 miles from Canton, where the numbers dying of it yearly have been considerable. All this circumstantial evidence goes to prove that the disease was imported to Hongkong from Canton (and not from Pakhoi) although in Canton it has been unknown, until the present outbreak, since 1850.

On March 2nd, 1894, a large Chinese procession was held in Hongkong, and as a result large numbers of people came from the surrounding country, it being estimated that 40,000 of the lowest class coolies came from Canton for the occasion. It has been maintained by some persons that this was the period during which Hongkong became infected. It is possible, but it appears to me that before nine weeks had elapsed the epidemic would have reached such alarining proportions that it must have been noticed earlier. It was only in April that people were reported.

179

180

as fleeing from Canton on account of the plague, and as these people were almost certain to have been in contact with the sick, it is most probable that some of them brought the disease into the Colony.

"The Overland Friend of China of 23rd May, 1850, contains the

following:-

66 6

"The city of Canton, and the neighbouring towns and villages are afflicted by a malignant fever. It is commonly called Typhus; some Europeans-physicians are of "opinion that it is akin to the yellow fever of the West "Indies; others think that it resembles the plague which "desolated London two centuries ago. The disease is "said to be fatal invariably, its victims linger three or "four days, though in some instances they have died in "twelve hours. More than one European doctor cheer- "fully offer their services,--but the Chinese are obstinate "in their adherence to old custom-old ignorant quackery. "The distemper has not made its appearance at the 'Factories, and as it may arise from a want of cleanliness "among the people, we are in hopes that it will not "extend to Europeans.'

737

The following remarks by A. P. HAPPER, Jr., in the Imperial Maritime Customs' Annual Report, 1889, (dated 22nd February, 1890) are those of a most careful ob- server, although some of his statements as to the limitation of the disease are erron- eous-probably owing to a lack of knowledge of the literature upon the subject:

"In spite of such a favourable climate Mêng-tzü (in Yunnan), in common "with other parts of Yunnan, has suffered annually for a period of "years from the plague, (E), a kind of malignant fever, "fatal in a few days, having as one of its symptoms a hard swelling "on the neck, in the armpits, or in the groin, which has carried off "a number of its inhabitants. Indeed, the presence of fallow land "in the near neighbourhood of the city is attributed to the decima- "tion of the farming population by the pest. On approach of the "epidemic, the first victims are rats, which fearless of human beings, "rush madly into their presence, and after capering around the room. "fall dead at their feet. The next to suffer are cattle: the fatal "effect among them is equally as great. Surrounded by such distressing signs, it is no wonder that inhabitants of hamlets often "desert their houses and belongings en masse, to seek immunity on the mountain side; for a curious fact about the disease is, that it never descends to places under 1,200 ft. of altitude above the sea, "and it rarely scales heights over 7,200 ft. high. Strangely enough also, it seldom attacks people sojourning in Yunnan from other "provinces, its victims being confined to the aborigines and to "native-born Chinese. This disease certainly offers an interesting field for the study of western medical science, and the physician "who will find a specific against its ravages will be hailed as the "deliverer of Yunnan, so helpless are the native practitioners in

treating it."

The question of the infection of rats, previous to the epidemic being noticed in human beings, has been made too much of, as have several other points in con- nection with plague. It is only natural that as rats have their snouts about an inch above the floors of houses they are much more liable to inspire plague-infected dust than people who have their mouths at least two feet higher. Inoculation too is easy. It must be remembered that rats usually die two or three days after inoculation; therefore the statement that the deaths of rats generally precede an epidemic-although generally true-is only dependant on the fact that rats and other small animals are peculiarly liable to be infected, and have a very short incubation period of the disease. Their habits and residence also conduce to their early affection after the disease has been introduced.

Many points have yet to be cleared up scientifically, as for instance the in- fection of pigs and cattle. It has been stated that these animals suffer from the same disease, but it would be better, by our later experience, to prove that it is definitely plague. I regret that after the hurry of the late epidemic our stock of plague bacilli has disappearel, but it is to be hoped that an opportunity for cluci-

ૐ

dating some doubtful points will occur later on. Going upon recent experience here we have as yet no definite proof that, during this epidemic, pigs, cattle and dogs were infected. KITASATO's observations were unfortunately limited to what may be termed "Toy" animals, and it would have been more satisfactory if animals which are generally used for human consumption had been utilised also for experi- ment, and the direct connection of the disease between human beings and these animals had been definitely proved, so much depending on the food supply of certain communities in the Far East at the present moment.

It is satisfactory to know that the causa causans of the plague has been dis- covered, and some of us must regret that our time, being entirely taken up by practical work in connection with the treatment of the plague-for which no fame is secured-we had so little time to look to the more purely scientific side of the question.

In the following pages stress has been laid on the paucity of medical men who could be found to help in our extremity. It may be thought that we surely had enough time to make some efforts in the direction of discovering bacilli. I can only say that after a day of from twelve to eighteen hours hard and exciting work in the trying heat of a Hongkong summer none of the men who had to bear the brunt of medical supervision, and who had to look forward to a prolonged mental strain, were much inclined to start work with the microscope by gaslight,--more espe- cially as they were generally completely tired out and ready to sleep immediately; or were too exhausted to secure the repose necessary to enable them to start afresh next day. It may not be out of place to mention that in the Egyptian epidemic in 1843 half of the French physicians in Cairo perished from the plague; and in the Russian epidemic in 1879 (where Vetlianka was the principal seat of disease with about five hundred cases), the first three medical men who were in attendance on the sick died, as did numerous attendants. These were somewhat appalling figures when the epidemic broke out, and the outlook was not much improved when our numbers went up to four by the addition of Surgeon-Major JAMES, A.M.S., and Surgeon P'ENNY, R.N., the European nursing staff being reinforced by two Police Constables. It is noticeable that none of those who were in active attendance on, or engaged in removing, the sick during the whole period were attack- ed. This I put down to the instructions that were given at the beginning of the epidemic. On the second or third day after the epidemic was discovered it was proved that the disease could be propagated through the blood by inoculation. The fæces were also suspected as an additional mode of conveyance of infection. Cultures were made from these, but unfortunately this method of infection was not proved until KITASATO arrived, time being wanting to make frequent observations of our culture tubes. In the meanwhile, notwithstanding want of proof, the faces were always looked upon as the most prolific source of infection carbolic acid or quicklime being added to them before disposal in the sea, and it was a satisfaction to us when KITASATO confirmed our suspicions. The question as to whether infection from the contents of buboes could occur was answered in the affirmative early, and every precaution as regards antiseptics was taken in opening these swell- ings. With our present knowledge of the nature of the epidemic it may be said (and has been said) that our precautions at the beginning were excessive, but here again it is the same old story of "wisdom after the event." By the knowledge gained in Hongkong during 1894, plague has been divested of a great deal of its terrors if care be taken by the people engaged in fighting it. Not only this, but if proper sanitary precautions are taken, no civilised country should ever be the seat of an epidemic of plague. I am bound to admit that, if ever any place was ripe for such an epidemic, certain parts of Hongkong in May 1894 were in a condition for it to spread like wildfire. Full details as to the condition of the City of Victoria are given later, and it is satisfactory to know at the present time that attempts are being made by those in authority to remedy faults which have been accumulating for years, and which have been pointed out before but without result.

•

In these times of scientific research it is not too much to expect that some serum treatment will be found to neutralize the toxines produced by the Pest Bacilli, and when the further researches of KITASATO and YERSIN are published I hope we shall have some remedy suggested which will enable us to reduce the very high mortality due to Plague, should it ever unfortunately come to these shores again.

In the following pages I have avoided theorizing as far as possible, what follows being more a report on the epidemic than a treatise on the disease.

181

182

DEFINITION.

Bubonic Plague is a specific infectious fever, characterised by the presence of a definite bacillus, primarily affecting especially the lymphatic system, and after- wards the cerebral and vascular systems. When considering the symptoms (if this definition is kept in mind) it will be found to embrace all the developments which take place in the disease.

CAUSE.

The existing cause of the disease is a bacillus, which was, so far as the Hong- kong epidemic is concerned, discovered first by Dr. S. KITASATO, of Tokyo, on June 14th, in the Kennedytown Barrack Hospital. The bacilli are found in the fæces, in the contents of buboes, and in the blood.

(1)

Predisposing causes are, speaking generally, insanitary conditions, and of these Filth and Overcrowding must be reckoned as two of the most important factors. The district of Taipingshan supplied these factors in a marked degree at the begin- ning of the outbreak, the majority of the houses being in a most filthy condition, as owing to the uncleanly habits of the people the amount of what is generally termed rubbish accumulates in a Chinese house in a crowded city to an extent be- yond the imagination of most civilised people. When to a mixture of dust, old rags, ashes, broken crockery, moist surface soil, etc. is added fæcal matter, and the decomposing urine of animals and human beings, a terribly insanitary condition of affairs prevails; and that this is no overdrawn picture of what was to be met with in Taipingshan, many Europeans now know to their cost. The habits of the people are filthy, and their surroundings are correspondingly filthy if household scavenging is not looked after properly.

Overcrowding (2) was present also. The question as to how many people may go to the acre without overcrowding, must receive a different answer in every separate town according to the character and height of the houses, and the breadth of the streets. When, however, 30 to 40 people are huddled together with a cubic air space of less than 150 cubic feet per head, and that in a house which has no through ventilation, then one would suppose that it must be admitted that there is overcrowding; nevertheless one finds in Hongkong would-be sanitarians who will not admit the existence of overcrowding on any basis but that of how many go to the acre.

Other insanitary conditions were not wanting. In May 1894 in Taipingshan, and in other districts of Hongkong a large proportion of the houses were damp and badly ventilated, with drains of a most primitive and insanitary description. Earthen floors or floors laid with chunks of stones were the general rule while in most houses light seemed to be looked upon as an enemy to be carefully shut out.

Basements and cellars have been allowed to be inhabited practically all over Hongkong. These have the most meagre provision of ventilation and light, more especially those to the west of the Civil Hospital, where the hill rises abruptly; and in Taipingshan in the neighbourhood of Tank Lanc. Dwellings in these districts are very damp indeed in the summer season, a large number of houses being built directly back to back, or with only a very narrow lane between them.

(5)

In the infected areas the drainage arrangements within private premises are bad, a few houses only having been connected to the new system, whilst the majority have the old fashioned drains, square in section, badly constructed, leaking in all directions, and favouring deposit of solid matter-especially during the dry season~~- and directly connected with the old drains which have been relegated to the duty of conveying storm waters since the introduction of the new system. A few have no drainage at all.

The food supply of Hongkong is fairly good but could be improved from a public health point of view if the wishes of the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon were inore carefully attended to. The Chinese here have entertained the idea that the

(1) In 1887 an Ordinance entitled The Public Ilealth Ordinance was passed which handed over the sanitary control of the Colony to a semi-representative body called the Sanitary Board. Much of the work so delegatel to it has been carried out in an efficient manner. The external scavenging of the streets leaves little to be desired, and many efforts have been made to encourage and foster a higher standard of cleanliness amongst the native population. Unfortunately the Chinaman resents strongly any attempts to interfere with his domestic privacy, and a little too much deference has probably been shewn to his prejudices in this respect. In any case it must be admitted that the interior of the native houses was such as may fairly be described as a disgrace to a civilized community.

(2) The Health Ordinance provides for overcrowding, but its provisions were not put into effect owing to opposition

by the natives. (Sec section 67 of Ordinance)

(3) At the time of the outbreak of the Epidemic there was no restriction as to the use of basements as places for

habitation.

(4) There is no provision for back-to-back and badly ventilated houses.

(5) The Ordinance gives large powers in Drainage matters, Sections 49-54 dealing with the subject of drains.

epidemic was caused by eating pigs from Pakhoi, but as none of the pigs imported showed any sign of diseas, and as pigs have not yet been proved to be susceptible to the disease, this supposition has to be rejected.

The water supply is very good, but at present it is scarcely sufficient to meet the heavy demands made on it, on account of the waste and misuse of water within the closely built and thickly inhabited areas of the City, the water supply to the Chinese being almost unlimited. Its waste and misuse are, however, being remedied rapidly.

In addition to the Government supply there are numerous wells situated generally in houses, latrines, back-kitchens and other out-of-the-way places. These wells all come within the category of "Shallow Wells" and must as long as they exist prove a serious danger to the Public Health. These wells are numer- ous in the affected areas and some of then simply reek with organic matter; others have a considerable amount of ammonia and nitrites; whilst a very few only are at all fit for drinking purposes. To what extent the spread of the epidemic was due to these wells has not yet been determine; it is easy to see the possibility of their pollution by plague patients, but the question has not yet been studied carefully. Many are now shut up.

LATRINES.

To my mind one of the most important factors in the spread of the disease was the bad condition of the latrines. In Hongkong latrines are in some cases public, and in some cases private property; in both cases they are under the control of the Sanitary Board, and are used by the bulk of the Chinese population, few Chinese dwellings being provided with accommodation of this kind. The following extract from a letter I sent to the Colonial Surgeon bearing date 15th August, 1894, explains itself:-

"In my opinion the condition of the latrines in the Colony has been partly "responsible for the spread of the plague epidemic. My reasons for thinking so

are as follows:-

"(1) The plague bacillus is abundantly found in the fæces.

"(2) There is practically no disinfection of fæces in the latrines. The gutters are washed down occasionally with a mixture of

Jeyes' Fluid and water, but only some material described as opium packing is added to the fæces to raise its value as a inanure. This latter is practically of no use as a disinfectant. (3) Several times during the epidemic these latrines were not cleaned "out as regularly as they ought to have been. (This is not to "be wondered at considering the scarcity of labour.)

(4) Plague-stricken coolies must often have visited the latrines, and "cach soil pan must necessarily have become a great danger to every healthy person who went into the latrine. A glance at one of these latrines will at once bring this prominently "before you. Their peculiar construction makes it absolutely "certain that any individual using them must inhale air laden "with impurities, and each soil pan must have been a prolific "breeding ground for the poison. There is here a favourable opportunity for being attacked, as all the three most usual "methods of infection-inoculation, respiration and entrance by "alimentary canal-may occur.

5) Not only this but from the statistics and facts at present at my "disposal. I consider that these latrines were a source of infec- "tion to houses round about them; so that it was not neces- sary for the people to go into the latrines to get the disease, "it was probably borne by the air to neighbouring houses.

"There is a licensed private latrine at 113, Second Street. At a casual glance the shut up houses all around bear eloquent testimony upon this point. "Round this latrine there is scarcely a house occupied.

"In Centre Street at the corner of Third Street there is a latrine. On pass- "ing into Third Street to the South numerous houses are shut up and several "cases have occurred in neighbouring houses.

"At 82, First Street, there is a latrine with an entrance at 91, Second Street. "A very large number of cases occurred round about this place.

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"Around several other latrines, more especially at 29, First Street, numerous cases occurred; but in some of these instances it is difficult to prove that the "severity of the epidemic was so locally affected on account of the large number of

cases which occurred in almost every house.

Sheung Fung Lane, off Second Street and opposite to No. 91 of that street, "is practically shut up. The mortality here was very great. The inhabitants "were principally night-soil coolics and almost all died. The occupants of houses

in Third Street adjoining this were also numerously attacked.

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"I might mention that there is a latrine, no doubt well known to the sani- tary authorities, in Centre Street Market, and three yards distant from it a large quantity of meat is often hanging for hours at a time.

"The two questions :-(i) Was there infection of coolies in the latrines? and "(ii) Was there infection of the neighbourhood round about? must go hand in "hand seeing that so many of the inhabitants use the latrine. It must be remem- bered, however, that women and children do not patronise these institutions so "much as male adults, and as large numbers of the former have died, I think it "must be conceded, notwithstanding the fact that personal contact (as explained later on in this Report) may cause infection, that both these questions should be "answered in the affirmative. If not, why should not all parts of these streets "be equally affected?

"I would ask you to inspect these latrines personally to see that my statements as to want of use of disinfectants to the fæces are correct. When visiting these places I have not seen a grain of quicklime, or a drop of carbolic acid, or any "other disinfectant used to treat the excreta, and from what I learned by examiua- "tion of attendants it is only by the merest chance that Jeyes' Fluid ever finds its

way into the soil-pan.

"Full statistics, such as I understand Mr. MAY has procured, would help very "much to arrive at an accurate result. I would suggest that some one with a little spare time should plot out' the figures of the severe plague localities upon a C map of the City, and then have the position of the latrines inserted. This will go to prove what I have indicated above. Of course, where so many cases have "occurred in the infected areas, it would be unwise to lay this down as absolute, "it is only suggested to me from what I have particularly noticed to the west of "the Civil Hospital. There may be a few exceptions with regard to the spread of "disease by latrines, and some houses seemed to have escaped in a remarkable "manner, possibly owing to some trade peculiarity, etc.; but with full statistics. "it may be found that even those which apparently have had no case have really "been infected, or, more probably still, their inhabitants had fled before being "attacked by the epidemic.

"If it is His Excellency's desire to have further details I shall furnish them "if I can.

"In conclusion, please bear in mind that I do not say this is the sole cause of "the spread of plague, it is one cause, and one that ought to be remedied at once "in case we have another outbreak in the near future.

Further investigation in the infected area to the west of the Government Civil Hospital has fully borne this out.

EFFECT OF CLIMATIC INFLUENCE.

The disease commenced here at the end of the dry season; it had raged furiously in Canton during the dry season; and increased here after the rain set in.

It was raging at Canton when the temperature was about 60° F. and in Hongkong when it was between 80° and 90° F. These facts show that at any rate between a tem- perature of 60° and 90° F. the epidemic will flourish and that the humidity or dryness of the atmosphere has not much influence on its forward march. Experi- mentally the bacillus grows best in a slightly moist medium at the temperature of the human body, and from this experience a humid condition of the soil and atmos- phere would favour the propagation of the disease. It must be kept in mind that the great breeding ground for the germs is in the human body, a fact which is often forgotten by people who wonder how the disease is propagated and speculate as to the effect that different temperatures and humidity have upon it. As a matter of fact it follows that conditions of temperature and humidity approximating to those of the human body are favourable to the multiplication of the bacillus.

It has been suggested that the increase of the disease after the rainy season. set in was due to the rise of subsoil water in the more or less porous ground causing the expulsion of ground air (more or less polluted from contact with soil infected by leaking drains) through the unpaved floors of dwellings, but I lay

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most stress on the fact that the heavy rains drove coolies and others into the infected houses to sleep instead of sleeping in the street as they generally do in the summer when the weather is at all good.

MODE OF INFECTION.

The poison is given off in the fæces, in the blood and in the contents of buboes. Skin to skin infection is impossible unless the one to be infected has some wound and the infector's skin has been soiled by fæces, blood or the contents of buboes. The poison is not given off in ordinary respiration. Cultivation experiments with, and microscopic examination of, sputum and saliva have given negative results in the only case in which I have been able to work on this point. The question of whether the bacillus is present in the vomit has not yet been solved. Dr. KITASATO does not at present think so, but seeing that animals feeding on bits of plague buboes contract the disease, I think it better to give a guarded opinion upon this point. That the bacillus may live under certain conditions in the stomach is evident; what these conditions are I cannot state, but in an unhealthy stomach with great decrease of gastric juice it is quite possible for the bacilli to live and even multiply.

Infection takes place by inoculation, inspiration, and introduction into the stomach. The latter is infrequent. In this epidemic the relative frequency of the two first mentioned channels could not be made out, and indeed it would be diffi- cult at any time to determine, as in cases of inspiratory infection the primary bubo noticeable may

be situated in any part of the body, whilst a scratch on the hand or foot which may be thought the primary wound is often an after result of an injury unimportant at incipience. Most of the coolies affected wore neither shoes nor stockings; almost all males go barefooted which would partly account for the large number of the coolie class being affected. The better class of Chinese, though living under almost identical sanitary conditions, generally wear shoes and stockings. Infection from bodies found in street or houses or awaiting burial may take place if clothes, etc. have been soiled by discharges.

Infection by flies and mosquitoes is improbable as no attendant in Hospital, although frequently bitten by these insects was affected. No bacteriological ex- amination of mosquitoes or flies was made.

INCUBATION.

The incubation period may extend to nine days; it is, however, generally from three to six days. How short it may be I do not know, but I should say that a few hours' incubation period is very improbable. Case I. had an incubation period of between one hundred and two and one hundred and thirty-eight hours. The first batch of soldiers who were affected were seized with fever three-and-a-half. four, and six-and-a-half days respectively (after cleaning out some badly infected houses), while another soldier had an incubation period of four days. Of course these dates may be wrong as far as incubation is concerned, as they might have been infected at any time during these days but at any rate the evidence is sigui- ficant. The limit period was in the following case. A Chinaman, MAN CHOY, was arrested on June 11th and put in the Police Cells during the day. He was sent- enced to imprisonment in Gaol on 12th June, and on 20th June in the evening, after having complained of not being well and being under observation for two days, became feverish, and was removed to Hospital. The following day (21st) a left femoro-inguinal bubo appeared. This case gives an incubation period of nine days and is very important. There were many cases where an incubation of be- tween three and six days could be proved, at least so far as one can speak of proof when eliciting evidence from Chinese. The Eurasian Italian Convent Sister who died from plague had an incubation period of five days.

The matter may be summed up as follows, the incubation period is generally from three to six days, is seldom under three or over six, but may reach nine.

CLINICAL.

Before describing in detail the clinical aspects of the bubonic plague it may not be out of place to give a brief description of the condition in which we found the sufferers during the early weeks of the epidéinic. In those days, very naturally, cases were discovered in a more advanced stage of the malady than later, when house-to-house visitation was well established, and hidden sufferers were less frequently found. To overpaint the pitiable surroundings associated with plague work at the commencement of the epidemic would be impossible. I have entered

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a long low cellar, without any window opening, and with the air entering only by a square open shaft from the level of the roof three or four stories high. side of the shaft ran a broken earthenware drain pipe, leaking freely, the contents streaming down the wall of the air shaft to a shallow pool of filth which crossed the undrained floor of earth. Although it was broad daylight outside a lantern was necessary to see one's way. On a miserable sodden matting soaked with abominations there were four forms stretched out. One was dead, the tongue black and protruding. The next had the muscular twitchings and semi-comatose con- dition heralding dissolution. In searching for a bubo we found a huge mass of glands extending from Poupart's ligament to the knee joint. This patient was be- yond the stage of wild delirium. Sordes cover the teeth and were visible between the parted and blackened lips. Another sufferer, a female child about 10 years old, lay in the accumulated filth of apparently two or three days, unable to speak owing to the presence of enlarged cervical glands. The fourth was wildly delirious (the conjunctivæ intensely congested) and was constantly vomiting. The attendant (sic)-the grandmother of the child-had a temperature of 103° F. and could only crawl from one end of the cellar to the other. She was wet through, and was herself doomed. This is no fancy sketch but a true picture of how we found some of our patients at the outbreak of the scourge in Hongkong. No one, unfamiliar with the horrors of some coolie accommodation in China, could credit "how the poor live" in Hongkong, or could imagine how the horrors of their everyday life were intensified by the plague.

The terrors of the disease itself were rendered greater by the fear the poor wretches often had of falling into the hands of the "foreign doctors." It is no great credit to our boasted civilisation or to our vaunted mission work that the average intelligent Chinaman of to-day prefers the fetish tricks of the native practitioner to the more enlightened methods of graduates of the western schools; but the fact remains that the horror of western medicine is by no means confined to, though almost universal among, the members of the coolie class. So evident was this fact that it was deemed prudent to allow such sufferers as preferred their own native doctors to be attended by them, in hospitals under European super-

vision.

Face to face with a hundred difficulties, accentuated by the natural suspicion and ignorance of the Chinese, whom as far as possible we wished to appease, natur- ally short handed as far as medical men were concerned (for the visitation gave us little warning and spread with alarming rapidity), the difficulties the executive had to combat were grave in the extreinc.

Wisdom after the event is a proverbially cheap attribute, and doubtless there are many people who possess it. We hear, now that the immediate strain and danger have passed, how very much more satisfactorily things might have been done, principally from people who did little or nothing to help us in the hour of our extremity. We hear of wiseacres who knew that the plague was here many weeks before it arrived, but who kept such valuable information strictly to themselves, in the interests, doubtless, of the community. Rash and inaccurate "first thoughts" have found their way into the British journals, and crude guesses have appeared in print under the false guise of "methodised experience." It will be prudent for plague students to accept very guardedly such early lucubrations. No man who really saw the plague in its early days had time for recording in a trustworthy way its often varying phases, and at that time sound clinical record was almost impossible. Later on in the light of a quieter time, and a more leisurely observa- tion there was time to expunge as error that which at first was not unreasonably recorded as fact. We constantly laboured under the difficulty of not being able to speak the language of our patients, and such a condition of affairs was not only more or less alarming to them, but greatly against our treatment throughout. Of course, we had attendants who were able to interpret, but an interpreter is an unsatisfactory necessity by the sick bedside, and often helps to confuse a sufferer, whose intelligence ab initio is none too clear, and whose approaching delirium dissipates coherency.

The sick person may be said roughly speaking to present upon first being seen many varying aspects. Sometimes the patient is brought in, in a condition to demand very careful diagnosis before committing him to a plague ward. There may be only general malaise with a temperature of say 102° F., a tongue somewhat coated, an anxious, sometimes terrified, expression, a quick small pulse (more or less the result of shock and fear), and a general feeling of aching over the body. Such symptoms of course may be the result of a dozen different pathological con- ditions and caution is ne ded. Another case may have the injected conjunctivae and high fever which forerun the stage of delirium and here the bubo is as a rule

easily found. Most cases aided diagnosis, in the first month of the visitation, by having well marked buboes upon admission to hospital. Sometimes the conjunctivæ show marked bile staining. It will not do to accept a bubo as indisputable evidence of plague-bear in mind that lymphadenitis is not eliminated from human ills at a time when the bubonic plague is in evidence and that in lymphadenitis (associated say with a wound of the foot) you may get your fever, pulse, general malaise and bubo in the most common site of bubonic plague selection. One or two such cases were sent to us during the recent epidemic. Sometimes an individual may not know he is suffering at all. In one case I took the temperature of an Indian who looked ill but who had come to see about the burial of a compatriot, and who com- plained of no unpleasant symptom, but was rather amused at my using the thermo- ineter in his case. He had a temperature of 103° F. and a small cervical bubo. In the wards he had a very grave attack and only just missed joining his friend whom he had come to bury.

The facies of a plague patient has been variously described by classical writers. Shortly it may be put down as a mixture of anxiety, cyanosis anl dyspnoe until the first mentioned is overcome by the nervous symptoms; whilst the character of the gait depends solely on the state of the cerebral system.

Generally speaking there is something indescribable in the face of the plague stricken which seems to help your diagnosis, an expression as if the sufferer himself knew all about it, and his inner consciousness had left its mark on his features.

Temperature attracts notice early. It rises, as a rule, gradually and not suddenly as it does in malaria. In most of the European cases and in the Japanese doctors, who were watched from the beginning, it took from twelve to thirty-six hours to reach the primary maximum. This primary maximum in the early part of the epidemic was generally from 104° to 106° F., a temperature of 106° F. being frequent. As time went on this seemed to fall to 105° and later still a temperature of 104° was seldom reached in the first stage. At the beginning of May the period of pyrexia due to the disease itself was somewhat longer than it was about the end of June, whilst in August it was shorter than it was in the middle of the epidemic. Secondary complications often keep up the temperature for a fortnight or even longer after the acute stage of the disease has passel. I am now speaking of cases that recovered. In most severe cases the tendency is for the temperature to keep about the same level for some time. In milder cases a gradual (sometimes only slight) fall takes place; most recovering cases show a well marked morning fall and evening rise. The temperature may fall by lysis or crisis-the latter being very rare. Antipyretics generally affect the temperature very slightly, and in looking at some of the charts, although falls of 2° or 3° are sometimes noticed, still the majority of cases show very little fall. In some cases where a large fall (say of four degrees) was brought about the fall was coincident with approaching death. During the first month the highest temperature on admission was 106.° 6 F. The highest temperature noted in this period was in a child at. 5 years on the third day when it reached 107.° 4 F. During the second month our highest temperature on admission was 106 and highest reached 106.94. F., but only five or six others were noted above 105°. The highest temperature recorded in the epidemic was 108.o8 in a child.

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Well marked rigor at the commencement of the disease was conspicuous by its absence, in many cases the first thing that attracted notice being the headache due to fever. Many cases complained of a slight shiver or chillness. In connection with the absence of marked rigor it is interesting to note that in Hongkong malarial attacks have frequently no cold stage at all. Previous records of the disease make the rigor generally well markel.

The swollen glands that were apparent most generally affected the femoral chain in Chinese as well as in Europeans. In Chinese, infection by inoculation was frequent owing to coolies going barefooted. All the Shropshire Regiment men infected had femoral or inguinal buboes, and they were well booted; so that there must be some reason for the femoral glands being especially liable to enlargement. However, seeing that the disease often causes a general enlargement of glands, I think that the mere point as to which set of glands is usually enlarged has been made too much of; more especially considering that sometimes the biggest gland is situated in the abdomen out of sight until the post mortem examination is made. The pain in the bubo was very great at first; later on it became less; and finally towards the end when no apparent swelling was noticed it was only occasionally, on considerable pressure over some of the most generally affected regions, that what might be termed a "differential pain" was discovered. Sometimes pain was notice- able a considerable time before the enlarged gland was noticed. At the commence- ment of the epidemic the noticeable buboes were very large and as the epidemic

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went on their size gradually diminished. Although pain and size generally went together, frequently a small gland was to be met with which would be as painful as a very large one. At the commencement of the epidemic the bubo was always sur- rounded by a considerable amount of sero-sanguineous exudation, and as time went on it was found that this diminished also, the end of the epidemic showing very few cases which had any exudation at all.

exudation at all. Sometimes there was a very large amount of oedema around the bubo quite distinct from the sero-sanguineous exudation around, and a "doughy" feeling could be detected in the bubo during the course of the first twenty-four hours, probably due to the rapid pouring out of exudation. Femoral buboes as a rule were most painful, parotid swellings standing at the same level. Those situated in the axillary and cervical regions did not cause so much discomfort, unless in the latter region the swelling reached close to the trachea or the mastoid cells. The abdominal pain was I consider in some cases due to inflammation of some of the mesenteric glands. In the case of the Italian Convent sister who died this was undoubtedly the case, as the slightest pressure over a spot on the left side of the umbilicus caused great pain, and immediately under this spot the only well marked enlarged gland in the abdomen was found at the post mortem examination. This is interesting when one considers the question of sensibility of the peritoneum. The bubo when present generally appeared within 24 hours of the onset of the fever. In two or three cases we got a history of the bubo appearing before the fever, but as a thermometer had not been used I place some doubt on the accuracy of the statements made. In numbers of cases the swelling did not appear till later, in one case not till about the ninth day of the disease when the temperature suddenly dropped, and the case became rapidly convalescent. In another case it appeared on the sixth day and the disease still continued to run an acute course. In a few cases where a small bubo was present for four or five days a sudden enlargement was noticed and the patients rapidly sank. This was especially marked in three cases with cervical buboes. I ascribed this mostly to the sudden extension of the swelling to the larynx. From the rapid way in which the pulse and respiration became worse in these cases, however, it is quite possible that interference with the pneumo-gastric and phrenic nerves may have been the immediate causes of bringing about a suddenly fatal issue. I formed the opinion that a sudden enlargement of a bubo, after having been practically stationary for some time, is of grave portent.

Sometimes a whole chain of glands was enlarged; when this was so, if the patient survived, widespread sloughing was to be anticipated later. On two or three occasions on the post mortem table a large hæmorrhagic mass of glands was found running from the apex of Scarpa's triangle to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. The question as to whether the bubo was a true suppurating one was raised, one medical man being of opinion that an opening, (although made on account of supposed suppuration), was made too soon, and that suppuration was the result of incision. This had to be disproved more or less to his satisfaction. The Chinese

Hospital (Slaughter House) contained patients on whom a knife was never used, -one morning we counted 43 patients there. Of these, 34 had buboes that had suppurated and burst of their own accord, some of them having caused serious sloughing. An immediate small rise in temperature often followed the incision of a gland, even when pus was evacuated.

Cerebral symptoms appeared early in the disease. They were due to two causes principally (a) meningitis, (b) haemorrhages. Headache began with the fever. It was generally fronto-temporal and most severe in the early cases.

I may say here that all symptoms of the disease seemed to be more acute at the beginning of the epidemic than they were later. The headache was generally a combination of an acute dull pain accompanied by throbbing in the temples. Sometimes (rarely) a patient complained of occipital headache and, on one or two occasions, of pain in the back of the neck-evidently of spinal origin. The headache gradually merged into delirium as the meningitis developed. Convergent strabismus or divergent strabismus was occasionally present-generally the former. "Both eyes turned to right or left" was also noticed in some cases. Occasionally where hemorrhage was diagnosed the pupils were unequal but in one conspicuous case where a hemorrhage on one side of the brain was supposed to exist (diagnosis concurred in by Professor AOYAMA), no hemorrhage was found and I think that in many cases the mere meningeal inflammation caused symptoms which would lead one to suppose that a one-sided lesion was present. Cases generally developed brain symptoms which could be differentiated into four distinct types :-

(a) Comatose, where the patient lay practically paralysed, mind and body. (b) Wildly delirious, where he struggled and fought and still retained a

fair command of rational speech.

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(c) Apathetic. where he lay perfectly quiet, and took nourishment when it was offered to him; in fact lay in a drowsy, but always more or less conscious, condition until improvement or death took place. (d) A convulsive type brought on either by the inflammation of the meninges and brain matter or by a hemorrhage. These convul- sions were often severe. (In Case I. they were only stopped by chloroform. P.M. no hemorrhage was found.)

In Case XV. they always began in the left arm (hand) and were truly Jack- sonian in nature pointing to some cortical lesion round the right fissure of Rolando. (See remarks on case.) Occasionally they resembled tetanus, the opisthotonos being very great. Subsultus tendinum did not occur early as a rule, but generally late in the disease. Picking at the bed clothes, trying to catch imaginary objects, in fact all the symptoms of meningitis were almost always present; in a few cases however they were absent, and such cases were usually of a very mild nature. Patients often had hallucinations beginning generally on the second day of the illness. All these cerebral symptoms followed the primary lymphatic affection and their rapid appearance was not to be wondered at when one considers the close connection between the arachnoid and the lymphatic system.

The vascular is the other system which was especially affected. The principal items to note were-

(1) The vasomotor paralysis which rapidly appeared involving the heart

itself as well as the vessels.

(2) The liability to sudden heart failure.

3) The symptoms probably due to organic changes in the heart in those

who recovered.

There are four stages of the pulse in plague. During the first stage it is in the majority of cases full and bounding. In some it is feeble and collapsed. When in the latter state cyanosis is usually well marked and the patient is evidently moribund. The pulse which at first is full and bounding becomes (usually in from six to thirty-six hours) dicrotic and fairly easily compressible at the wrist. The accompanying tracing shows such a pulse where the dicrotism, although not extreme, is well marked.

Intermittency is often noticeable in this second stage of the pulse and becomes more marked as the third stage develops, when it becomes anacrotic and almost like the pulse of aortic insufficiency, there being no rebound wave at all, nor the slightest trace of it by sphygmograph in a well marked case. In addition it is at this period very easily compressible, and the actual range of movement of the vessel is very limited at the wrist, whereas in the larger vessels the upheaval is usually well marked, slight pressure at the femoral being sufficient to arrest the pulse. The following tracing of the radial pulse is taken from a patient at this stage, there being no pressure on the sphygmograph button, except its own weight.

This patient was a very lean man, and consequently a tracing of his femoral pulse could be easily obtained as the vessel passed over the brim of the pelvis. With slightly over an ounce of pressure, (enough to visibly diminish the range of movement), the accompanying tracing was got.

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From this anacrotic stage gradual or sudden failure may set in, unless there is a general improvement in the case. The pulse generally becomes fast and run- ning and scarcely perceptible or if perceptible it is generally intermittent. On the second day if a thin patient was naked one could usually see the femoral arteries beating at a distance of several yards, and this was equally true of the other large arteries. Often this large movement was to be seen in the vessels in the neck, axilla, or groiu, and yet at the radial or posterior tibial arteries the pulse was hardly perceptible.

These four stages of the pulse (1) full and bounding (2) dicrotic (3) anacrotic (4) failure, may be looked upon as the usual sequence; though one or more of them may under some circumstances escape observation. They may all be of the shortest duration, and of course sudden heart failure may at any time prevent the later stages developing.

The area of cardiac dulness was generally enlarged early in the disease (apex downwards and to the left of usual position) and sometimes remained so for weeks in those who recovered, there being also an increase of dulness on the right side. There was practically no muffling of the sounds. These conditions pointed to dila- tation, yet murmurs were of rare occurrence. One would have expected to hear them more frequently even in those who were long sick and recovered. The first sound was invariably weak in the later stages. Pain in the cardiac region was gene- rally complained of. These symptoms pointed to a true myocarditis. Palpitation was frequently present and complained of. A pericardial rub I never heard, although in a few cases post mortem a small accumulation of fluid was found in the pericar- dium. I think that the tendency to hemorrhage must have been caused by some inflammatory or fatty degenerative change in the small vessels, and this may be one of the reasons why digitalis was so frequently a failure. It is to be expected that the microscopic pathology of the disease will be written by AOYAMA at some future time.

When blood was drawn from the finger tip it was found to flow more easily and to look more fluid than normal. When put under the microscope it was found that the corpuscles crenated rapidly, and did not run into rouleaux readily. The number of leucocytes increased always when the disease was at its height, and in the later stages there were occasionally to be found broken down or badly formed corpuscles. The number of red corpuscles was not materially diminished until the 7th-10th day when convalescence was setting in. The amount of homo- globin in the blood commenced to diminish from the second day of the disease, and, in some cases, became very low. In Case I. it was as low as 18 % of the normal quantity, but in this case the patient was always somewhat anæmie. A diminution to 30 % was frequent. The bacteriological examination of the blood

will be discussed later.

Digestive System.The important symptoms in connection with this system are (i) condition of mouth and fauces; (ii) vomiting; (ii) diarrhoea or cons- tipation. The mouths of Chinese patients were invariably dry from the commence- ment, and the teeth and lips were early covered with sordes. The tongue was at the beginning of the attack almost covered with a thin white fur which became thicker, and then went through a transformation from white to black. In the early stages it was very like a typhoid fever tongue-white fur with red edges and tip, but in plague there was little or no tailing off of the fur as it approaches the edges, and the edges were not of such a bright colour as is generally the case in enteric fever. As the disease advances the fur changes from white to yellow and brown, dark-brown and black. The latter colour is confined to the middle part of the organ, toning down towards the edges which still retain their original colour, in fact like a heavy tobacco chewer's tongue dried up.

The edges get somewhat redder as the disease goes on. The tongue is protruded with difficulty, the cause of this evidently being the cerebral condition, or possibly pain in the cervical glands. In Europeans, tongue conditions were never marked, owing to nourishment being taken often, and to the frequent use of the toothbrush. the opinion of some people the dry condition of the mouth was the cause of the tongue not being casily protruded, but I consider this is a very minor cause. The fauces and pharynx were generally somewhat injected, and the tonsils somewhat swollen. When the principal bubo was situated in the cervical region, (especially if affecting the anterior cervical glands,) the tonsils and pharynx were usually intensely congested from the spread of the glandular inflammation.

Vomiting usually came on early and was of a bilious nature, being at first greenish, but going on to a dark-brown colour, almost grumous. Hæmatemesis was exceedingly rare during the epidemic. The question arises whether the dark grumous material vomited was not blood altered by stomachic causes.

I do not think that this is so because in these cases, (if efficient treatment was not adopted), the vomiting was sometimes constant, and pure or almost pure blood would neces- sarily have been vomited much more frequently. The vomit was generally of the same colour as the bile found in the gall-bladder post mortem.

The vomiting genз- rally disappeared after counter irritation and a dose of calomel had been administered, and a free evacuation of the bowels secured. Where calomel was given early this troublesome symptom very seldom appeared. Under the care of native doctors vomiting was much more frequent than in our hospitals, and this I ascribe to want of purging, and also to the horrible concoctions of medicines and food which they forced down their patients' throats. Considering the cerebral condition of some patients it was to be expected that vomiting and retching would be frequently met with; but after the above explanation and taking into consideration the fact that the vomiting did not show the ordinary cerebral characteristics, I think that this symptom must be put down as mainly due to the condition of the liver and bowe's. The feeling of oppression, and sometimes burning, in the epigastrium was due partly to the stomach trouble, but mainly, I believe, to cardiac conditions. Hiccough was often distressing, but the first dose of morphia generally stopped it.

Constipation was the general rule, though diarrhoea was met with in a number of cases and might be classed as (a) slight looseness of the bowels; (b) severe diarrhoea. Many cases of slight diarrhoea did very well, in fact I put it down as a favourable symptom, but then it only appeared in what seemed to be milder cases. Severe diarrhea need not necessarily be a bad symptom. As a rule when severe it was very fœtid and evidently due to an acute enteritis. There was sometimes considerable straining with it resembling dysentery, but in only one case in the epidemic in our hospitals did I see blood in the evacuations, and then it was dark in colour, no bright blood as is often found in dysentery, and had evidently come from some distance up the bowel. Pain over the liver was never complained of, pain over the spleen on a few occasions only; pain in the abdomen was due possi- bly to one or more swollen glands, or may be ascribed to colic, or frequently to distension of the bladder. Enlargement of liver and spleen was only occasionally made out by palpation and percussion.

Respiratory System.-Dyspnoea was a constant symptom and was due to a combination of causes :-(a) oedema of the lungs brought on by the vasomotor paralysis and possible changes in the small vessels; (b) the febrile state, and loss of hæmoglobin; (c) cardiac. It was of an anxious and distressing character, coming on early in the disease with rapidity of respiration; the alæ nasi, however, were soon at work and the respiration became more rapid still. The dyspnoea was more of a pneumonic than of an asphyxiative type. Physical signs of hypostatic inischief were seldom well marked before the third day of illness, and even then was only so in the severe cases. Some cases got well in whose lungs no moist sound was ever heard, but I am bound to add that many a one died with precisely the same condition of affairs, post mortem examination always showing some con- gestion at the bases of the lungs. Cough was generally absent in the early stages of the disease; or if present was evidently caused by the oedema of the lungs, and was then of a short and irritating character. Many cases showed oedema of the lungs without cough. These were generally rapidly fatal, the patient becoming comatose as the lungs became choked up. In a few cases the oedema went on to acute pneumonia and pleurisy, but this as a rule was only seen late in the disease. Pleural effusion was seldom marked enough to diagnose before death. In some cases multiple pneumonic abscesses-undiagnosed-occurred..

Among Chinese the voice in almost every case-even where the patient was sensible-was very weak; it was not so as a rule with the Europeans whose lung power and larynges were always in a much better state than those of the natives. Laryngitis when occurring was generally the result of extension of cervical glandular inflammation, and at the end of the epidemic, when these glandular inflammations were of an extremely mild character, laryngeal mischief was not met with at all.

Affections of the urinary system were practically limited to a slight and transient albuminuria. This was always slight, a trace to 1/20th being the common report on the charts. A larger amount I never saw. Hæmaturia was not noticed amongst Retention of urine was frequent and, notwithstanding every attention to cleanliness, cystitis developed on several occasions where frequent catheterisation was necessary. Unconscious urination at the beginning of the epidemic was also

our cases.

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frequent, generally coincident with incontinence of fæces if the bowels were at all loose. Urine was generally dark coloured and of high specific gravity, with increased secretion of urea. I noticed no casts in the urine. Sometimes the apparent in- continence in the Chinese Hospitals was due to distention of the bladder.

SKIN.

With two exceptions (urticaria and a herpetic eruption) which were ouly coincidental no rash was noticed, (but vide Case XXII.). The skin was dry and, pungently hot, except in collapsed cases when it was cold and clammy. After the acute stage of the disease perspiration in most cases was marked. The question of the occurrences of hemorrhages should be considered in conjunction with the post mortem appearances of organs where hemorrhages have occurred. At the begin- ning of the epidemic almost all the Chinese showed small red spots about the size of a pea. When I was in Canton and enquiring about these spots a Chinese coolie volunteered the information that they were the result of insect bites, generally mosquitoes and flies. I think I am giving a guarded opinion when I say that 95% of these spots seen during the epidemic were caused by mosquitoes or flies. The condition of the blood was such that the slightest scratch or injury was generally followed by a dull pink blush appearing round it. On incision it was found to be composed of a small extravasation of thin light coloured fluid blood. All the hospitals except the Hygeia were swarming with insect life which we could not get rid of, although thousands were slaughtered daily by fly-papers and other con- trivances. In almost every case the spots appeared on the exposed parts, ankles and feet, wrists and hands and face. On the lygeia patients received at the com- mencement of their illness scarcely ever had a single spot and there were no mos- quitoes on board and few flies. A puncture with a pin or a trivial blow or ex- coriation was often followed by the characteristic discoloration a few days later. The Chinese method of pinching (as a counter irritant) caused wonderful appear- ances on the chest and neck, the whole of this region of the body being sometimes of a colour varying from dull pink to dark violet. Mosquitoes, flies, etc., are very numerous all over Hongkong and the dead bodies which were picked up in the street showed the same spots. I never saw one of these spots above the size of a five-cent piece (the same size as a blister caused by a mosquito bite). In Kennedy- town Hospital, where patients had their pyjamas properly fastened, these spots were almost invariably confined to the exposed parts of the body. I never saw a hemorrhage in the skin anything like those seen in purpura, which are darker in colour, at least in the centre. All these plague marks were small and dull pink in colour. One day they appeared as typical mosquito bites, the following day they looked like hæmorrhagic spots.

The word "Carbuncle" should be expunged from plague literature as I take it that "Carbuncle" when used in this connexion is meant for a hæmorrhagic blister, or a bubo in the neck, several of which looked like carbuncles but were really glandular in character. These were seen in only a few cases (four I think of the early cases). A true carbuncle was never seen. Boils were several times met with during convalescence as a result of the debility caused by the disease, and differed from the ordinary tropical boils common in Hongkong in that the pus was thinner and that there was no true core or slough, whilst an inflammatory areola of redness was seldom present,-in fact they ought to be called multiple abscesses rather than boils. In one case true boils occurred early. In one bad case of multiple abscesses, necrosis of several parts of the skull took place.

Hemoptysis was very rare, only two cases (on the Hygeia and at Kennedy- town hospital) being serious. Hæmatemesis and Melona were equally rare.

Bleeding from nasal or buccal mucous membrane was noticed several times early in the epidemic. Hæmaturia was never noticed. Haemorrhage into the conjunc- tive was noticed in a few cases. Two cases of hypopyon came under observation. In speaking of hemorrhages into the conjunctivæ as being occasionally seen it must be noted that congestion of the conjunctivæ was very general at the onset of the acute cerebral symptoms.

Every pregnant woman brought to hospital aborted. All died with one exception. Contrary to what one might have expected none died from uterine hæmorrhage, but evidently from the virulence of the disease. In the cases I saw the uterus had contracted well. Haemorrhage from the genital canal was noticed in a few instances, notably in the case where hemorrhagic endometritis was found post mortem.

The following list gives the numbers of those who had apparent haemorrhages in the Government Hospitals. It is possible that one or two more should be on

the list, as our Wardmasters could not be expected to note it in cases where the patient came in through the night and died before the doctor's first visit in the morning. Out of about 450 cases there was Hæmatemesis in 7; Melæna 4; Hæmoptysis 4; Epistaxis 2; Haemorrhage from Gums 1; Haemorrhage from Vagina 2; Hæmorrhagic Blebs 3; Hemorrhage into conjunctivæ 2. Of these 23 cases 18 occurred in May, so that it is evident that haemorrhages were most liable to occur when the disease was most virulent in its epidemic form.

The course of the bubocs after formation was one of four: (1) early resolution, (2) lengthened period of enlargement, (3) suppuration, (4) sloughing.

Early resolution may take place though it was only seen in some mild cases where the glandular enlargement was slight. Lengthened periods of enlargement occurred in several patients in the Slaughter House Hospital (under native doctors) where the swelling did not.go down even after two months in hospital. An indu- rated mass sometimes remained on which iodine, mercury and other usual remedies had very slight effect. One of our patients (who was afterwards retained as an attendant) had a glandular mass remaining at the end of four months with practic- ally no change in size or consistence. If the patient survived, suppuration was the most frequent termination during the first two months of the epidemic, either alone or combined with sloughing. If the glandular mass was very large there was generally a slough, caused by the surrounding inflammation and suppuration, which was vividly described by a Chinese nurse as a "mixture of boiled cheese and thread." If the bubo was small it generally terminated in simple suppuration without the separation of any decided slough. Sometimes great necrosis of skin and superficial tissues occurred over the buboes, and the proximity of femoral buboes to the femoral vessels had a tendency to make one over-cautious with the knife. In the case of ALLEN the bubo took six months to heal up, the glands along the iliac vessels having evidently been enlarged, and giving the greatest trouble after suppuration.

Lymphatic abscesses may develop along the line of the lymphatic vessels. This was especially marked in the case of AOYAMA.

For a long time after the acute phase of the disease was over the tissues remain in a very low condition, incisions taking a long time to heal, there being often no appearance of the epidermis growing over an ulcer for weeks. The granulations remained flabby and unhealthy, and there was a well marked line between the granu- lations and the skin, with no attempt at growth of epidermis over the ulceration.

The presence of bacilli in the blood being a most important symptom I make no excuse for describing it fully, so far as it is necessary for diagnostic purposes. Examination is very easy when one has observed an expert at work, but it is only by attending to every little detail that easy and satisfactory examination can be carried out. Take care to have good clean cover-glasses and slides (we were bothered here very much by having on hand cover-glasses which had become hazy from climatic influences). Cleanse the finger tip with alcohol; allow the alcohol to evaporate; constrict the finger with a small strip of lint; puncture the finger with a pen-nib from which half of the nib has been broken off and which has been sterilised in the flame of a spirit lamp. With a sterilised platinum point smear a very little blood in a fine layer on the clean cover-glass. Four or six cover-glasses are generally prepared as the bacillus may not be discovered in a solitary preparation. The moment the cover-glass is dry pass it three times through the flame of a spirit lamp with the blood-side away from the wick. See that the flame is a spirit flame and not merely a burning dry wick. Do not wait hours before passing the cover slip through the flame as then the specimen will generally be found useless. After passing through the flame the staining and examination can take place practically at leisure.

Dr. KITASATO found fuchsin the best stain for the bacillus while Dr. YERSIN used gentian violet. It is all a matter of taste I believe and what one is most accustomed to. Personally I find examination may be prolonged with more com- fort to the eye if gentian violet be used or even methyl blue. Fuchsin is the best stain if only a few preparations want examination. The staining fluids ought not to be too concentrated. Place a few drops of the stain on to the cover-glass pre- paration. This is better than floating it in a watch glass, being easier and wast- ing less stain (a matter of consideration in Hongkong). If of methyl blue, at once turn on to a slide, compress the preparation between a couple of layers of blotting paper without "fluff" on it, and the specimen is ready for examination. If fuchsin or gentian violet be used a period of from three to five minutes should be allowed for staining (according to the depth of the colour of the solution) and then the cover-glass should be washed with distilled water and placed on the slide and dried in the same way as above with blotting paper. If the specimen is to be kept the

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water should be slowly evaporated above the flame of the spirit lamp, and mounted in Canada Balsam which has been heated for a few seconds after being on the slide. Then examine with a 1/12th inch oil immersion. The bacilli are often few and far between, but it is of the utmost importance that a careful examination be made in cases where no glandular swelling can be felt and where the diagnosis is doubt- ful. During the latter part of the epidemic about 80% of the cases were diagnosed by the microscope alone, involving many hours' labour a day on what to most people is not interesting work. Once the bacillus is found the case is one of plague. Should the bacillus on the other hand be absent it does not necessarily follow that it is not plague. On one or two occasions we had to wait for the post mortem examination to give us the cause of death. I put a hypodermic needle into the spleen (where the bacilli are generally abundant) in order to verify the diagnosis of one case. If a case is diagnosed plague then this examination completes the chain of evidence. In the case of a bubo which may or may not be a plague one it is advisable to take the blood direct from the gland, by a hypodermic needle or through a small incision with a tenotomy knife. These details are well known to bacteriologists, but unfortunately every one is not a bacteriologist.

For diagnostic purposes it is sometimes necessary to get a culture on agar- gelatine or blood serum. This has to be done in the most careful manner, as far as precautions are concerned, in order to get a satisfactory result, for it is to be remembered that in out-of-the-way places where plague may develop it is not always easy to obtain agar-gelatine or blood serum and even if obtained it is a tedious process to get them properly sterilised. Other points on the bacillus will be touched upon later; what has been written is enough for symptomatic or diagnostic purposes.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS.

When diagnosis has been reduced to a question of microscopic examination there cannot be much to be said upon the subject. The only difficulties we had in determining cases, previous to Dr. KITASATO's discovery, were with bad malarial fever cases, lymphangitis with irritative bubo of leg; one or two inflamed glands. of the neck, and enteric fever. As regards intermission of temperature I cannot bear out CABIADIS' statement that no intermission occurs in plague. Intermissions do occur.

A case of mistaken diagnosis No. XII. is given which was diagnosed by us as not plague owing to the absence of head symptoms, and on account of other reasons which are given. Another case of mistaken diagnosis is given which, even before microscopic examination was made, we pronounced to be not plague, because of the absence of a symptomatic tongue, head symptoms, and the pulse usually met with in plague, and on account of the presence of another cause for the illness.

The question as to whether there has or has not been exposure to infection should weigh little or nothing at all during an epidemic of plague for there are many roundabout methods of infection.

One serious difficulty we had in determining the cause of death in dead bodies. required for burial purposes, more especially towards the end of the epidemic. The mortuaries situated in different parts of the Colony had to be examined regularly every day, but as the very idea of post mortem examination had to be kept in the background, the difficulty of being able to tell fairly accurately whether a person had died of plague at once becomes apparent. If the Chinese had been allowed to remove their bodies, as they wished to do, it might have been expected that plague would break out in outlying places. It is to be remembered that in Hongkong the Chinese are allowed to exhume the dead after an interval of seven years; there was therefore all the more reason for getting every plague corpse buried in a special cemetery where exhumation was not to be allowed. Swollen glands were the first thing to look for, then sordes in the mouth, then the special appearance of the tongue. Often the bodies bore the typical "facies" of the disease after death. The occurrence of the pink blush round mosquito bites, with any hemorrhages apparent, also helped to determine where the corpse should be interred. Micros- copic examination of blood removed from the spleen will probably be the method of diagnosis in these cases in future. Typhoid fever is a disease possible to be mistaken for plague-vide Case XVI.

PROGNOSIS.

There is no one special sign that gives hope for recovery, whilst there are many that are decidedly bad, and which are valued according to the ordinary ideas of medicine. Buboes do not suppurate as a rule until the primary fever has fallen, by which time you know that the patient is better.

To imagine that suppuration is a good sign is to put the cart before the horse, the suppuration coming after the recovery from the acute stage of the disease.

I liked to see a patient with three or four copious loose motions per diem, not amounting to diarrhoea. As a rule this was often the patient who was not troubled with vomiting, and whose brain symptoms were not so severe.

In this as in other diseases a good heart, physically and morally, is the best thing a patient can possess.

TREATMENT.

Hospital Prophylaxis. At the beginning of the epidemic every precaution that we could think of was taken to prevent the infection of attendants. Most of these precautions were useful and necessary, whilst others proved to be more in the nature of luxuries. As our knowledge and experience of the disease progressed we were able to bring down our requirements to fine lines. Plenty of fresh air was a sine qua non, both for patients and attendants. At first attendants were allowed to smoke as they pleased, and as a couple of rabbits died in two days, after inoculation by blood from our first case, nurses had strict orders to be careful of all wounds or scratches on their fingers, and to see that they were dressed with some antiseptic at once. They were ordered to use cucalyptus oil or carbolic acid solution on their hand- kerchiefs, more especially when the hospitals were crowded, but when a more plenti- ful supply of fresh air was forthcoming this was left off. Fæces were disinfected by quicklime or carbolic acid, as were all dressings. At the Slaughter House Hospital Jeyes' fluid was used as the disinfectant all along. If at any time the wards smelt badly from any cause, or the stillness and closeness of the atmosphere became oppressive, some eucalyptus oil evaporated over small lamps had a wonderful effect in alleviating the nauseated feeling that sometimes came over the attendants. In the beginning nausea was sometimes brought on by the cigars or pipes which were freely used, but as we gained experience this was all remedied.

All patients' clothes, being practically worthless, were burned on admission. Patients were given a hot bath, if in a condition to stand it; or were sponged down on the bed. Chinese who were not wildly delirious were placed on the ordinary Chinese bed and mat; but if likely to do themselves harm they were put on a mattress. Mattresses, pillows and inats were burned after being in use some time, the length of time in use depending on the amount of soiling. If we had had a more ample supply of mackintosh sheeting, a large one would have been put on each bed, as being by far the best way of keeping beds in a sanitary condition. One thing to be beware of is not to give purgative medicine to all new patients at the same time. Often when a number of patients ha calomel after the evening rounds the nurses had rather a hard time of it the following morning, which delayed the routine work of the hospitals too much. Carbolic acid and permanganate of potash were of necessity freely used in the wards; blankets and sheets being frequently washed in a solution of the former. With the accommodation at our disposal attendants, when unemployed, were kept as far away from the hospital as possible, and plenty of

soap and carbolic acid was supplied to them.

Any attendant, complaining of headache, languor, sore throat or fever was immediately relieved from duty. Only healthy people should be allowed to approach plague cases.

Prophylactic measures should consist in remedying the causes that predispose to the disease. During an epidemic personal cleanliness should be carefully observed by those who have any work to do which takes them near the infected district. In addition to the usual daily tub a bath should be taken immediately after coming out of the affected area, some disinfectant like Jeyes' fluid being used in the water. A change of clothes is essential, and those that are discarded should be removed immediately, and exposed to the fresh air. If it is no trouble they may be put through the steam steriliser, but it will be found that free exposure to air in the sunlight will be suffic'ent. With regard to those who are employed on cleaning or disinfecting houses the following precautions should be observed. Free smoking should be allowed. The workers should be warned about scratches or wounds on their bodies; and a medical inspection of them should be made every day; those with wounds not being permitted to do the dirty part of the work. Preferable to smoking would be the use of respirators with exit and entrance valves; and a sprinkling of thymol or menthol over the entrance valves. Professor KITASATO suggested oil of peppermint. If smoking goes on then a carbolic mouth-wash should also be insisted on. As regards stimulants, these should be dispensed carefully but not too freely, the nauseating character of the work in a dirty town sometimes suggesting a too occasional glass of whiskey or other alcoholic stimulant. Before

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cleaning out houses the furniture &c. should be well washed with carbolic solution, by means of a hand hydrant, and cleaning should proceed whilst the furniture etc. is wet. After removal another good wash with carbolic or quicklime should take place. Chlorine will prove an efficient disinfectant if used in good quantity within a building, the doors and windows being carefully closed. Dirt and rubbish removed should be at once burned. The removal of the healthy from infected houses should be insisted on. They should be transferred at once to some outside encampinent. When it is realized that the floating population of Hongkong practically escaped scot free it is a matter for regret that a suggestion made by Surgeon-Major JAMES and myself (on May 31st) to form water camps for the inhabitants of Taipingshan was not acted upon. "To keep the people in Taipingshan separate from those in "the as yet unaffected districts we recommend very strongly as a suggestion that "a water camp be formel, separate from those on the land proposed for the "unaffected districts (whilst a thorough scavenging of the other parts of the "town was going on). Things look so serious that these measures appear to us to be absolutely necessary to prevent a rapid increase of the disease throughout the city and in Taipingshan especially and we beg your most serious consideration "of our proposals." In spite of the remarks made by the special correspondent of the British Medical Journal in its issue of 1st September (Dr. JAMES CANTLIE), I am convinced that an epidemic of plague in Hongkong could be tackled and got under rapidly if men in sufficient number could be got to do the work. Isolated Feople should be medically inspected every day and fresh cases would soon cease to occur if the camps were looked after in a proper manner.

(

•

As regards treatment of the sick, a certain routine of treatment was carried out in most cases. Towards the end of the epidemic a true "survival of the fittest" of the medicines at our disposal occurred.

A ten-grain dose of calomel throughout the epidemic was the usual purgative to commence with; compound jalap powder grains XL was added sometimes, but as a rule the calomel proved efficient, a seidlitz powder six or eight hours afterwards being occasionally indicated. We began feeding with the most easily assimilable nutrient food that could be got; egg flip and strong beef tea, being the most easily procured and the cheapest, formed the most considerable part of the Chinese diet during the acute stage. Brand's Essence and other patent preparations were also given but did not give so good a return for the money expended; they are expensive without being any improvement upon the egg flip and strong beef tea. Moreover the Brand's Essence is generally disliked by the Chinese. Brandy is not so much disliked. Within ordinary limits any nourishment that a plague patient fancied he had, and we were glad to see him take as much as possible during the first two days of illness before he became delirious, as afterwards the difficulty of getting him to take anything at all was very great. So long as the pulse was good we did not stimulate, but began when dicrotism was evident. Ammonia and cinchona we generally started with (half a drachm each of Sp. Ammon. Co. and Tinct. Cinchon. Co. with an ounce of chloroform water being given as a rule every 4 hours). Digitalis generally required to be added early. Sometimes the infusion was used, sometimes the tincture. Different mixtures were kept in stock and according to the patient's condition either ammonia and cinchona were given alone, or with varying doses of digitalis or with strophanthus added. Strychnia was also given, prescribed alone, as the carbonate of ainmonia precipitates the alkaloid if used with the mixture. One would have expected that digitalis would markedly improve the pulse if the dilatation of vessels were solely due to vasomotor nervous conditions, but it did not. From experience I found strophanthus better, as it never caused the pulse to get worse as digitalis sometimes undoubtedly did. Far better than either, however, is strychnia which we began to use liberally towards the end of the epidemic, and I think that in future cases the routine use of strychnia should be begun early. The dose, of course, varied with the case, but from 5-10 m. of the liquor strychnia by stomach every four hours did not seem at all too large a dose, and I should be inclined to give considerably larger doses than this some- times. Digitalis in theoretical medicine ought to be the best of the drugs above named, but undoubtedly strychnia impressed me as the better drug for the vascular condition. Although it would be scarcely fair to blame digitalis for making all intermittent pulses worse, when intermittency was already evident, yet it certainly did so sometimes. Liq. Ammon. Fort applied to the nostrils was of great use some- times in the heart failures which often took place, whilst hypodermic injections of cther at this stage were occasionally a necessity. Whilst the majority of heart failure cases proved rapidly fatal, yet in some cases where treatment was energetic it was wonderful to see how some practically moribund sufferers would rally and sometimes get better. We did not despair even when the pulse could not be felt

Vomiting was often one of the first symptoms that required treatment and this was usually stopped by an efficient mustard plaster on the epigastrium. Vomiting and diarrhoea rarely went together and the best treatment for the former was to procure satisfactory purgation by calomel. I can only remember one or two cases where vomiting was persistent and obstinate after this treatment. If the above means were not sufficient, ice to suck and some hydrocyanic acid and liq. morphiæ in an effervescing mixture, given occasionally, generally suffice to check it. A mustard plaster was also a most efficient application to the epigastrium.

In mild cases small doses of quinine gr. iii thrice a day were sometimes sufficient, with adequate nourishment. Before speaking further of treatment the following axiom must be enunciated-never use depressants if you can possibly do without them The great tendency to cardiac failure has often been noticed in Bubonic Plague, but I do not suppose its more frequent occurrence due to the introduction of Western medicine has been noted. I must confess that many cases were not benefitted by soine of the drugs used--drugs which are so often given with impunity in other serious diseases-and in making this statement I am criticising my own as well as my colleagues' treatment. The reason why we did not find out this almost at the beginning of the outbreak was that we had no time to watch the immediate effect of our treatment as there was so much to do, and in many cases which we had marked to watch carefully the patient had succumbel before the next visit was paid.

It has to be borne in mind that we had great difficulties to contend with as regards exact and proper clinical observation at the outbreak of the visitation, there being so many duties to perform-apart from Hospital work-that our medical staff was quite unequal to the strain thrown upon it.

Reduction of temperature was always attempted by tepid sponging, and even then ice had to be freely used as the temperature of the water we had to use was always over 75° F. and generally over 80° F. Patients with a temperature of 104° F. and over were sponged every hour through the day or as nearly every hour as circumstances would permit. All patients with a high temperature were benefitted by cold applied externally, and this sponging was always the best antipyretic. Antipyrin in large doses was frequently followed by disastrous results, and towards the end of the epidemic grs. v. of phenacetin were given when the pulse was fairly good, phenacetin evidently being less depressing than antipyrin. Not only this but even by the use of large doses of antipyrin or phenacetin tempe- rature was only very occasionally re laced by more than 2° F.; a result hot commensurate with the danger run. Brandy and tepid sponging were without doubt the best antipyretics. Aconite and antimoay were tried once or twice to commence with; the idea being that by keeping the circulation quiet for 24-48 hours and then stimulating, the patient might have a better chance of pulling through. This treatment was a failure.

The question of procuring sleep was an important one and here mor hia was our sheet anchor all through the epidemic. Notwithstanding the fact that in plague we have almost all the contra-indications for the use of morphia yet it was far and away the most serviceable drug. In the early stages of the disease it was often given freely; and in the later stages, used in much smaller doses, it was of equal benefit. Granting its apparent danger, it proved in result much more satisfactory than any other hypnotic use. From one eighth to one half a grain at night was given as a rule with safety at the commencement of sickness, while in later stages gr., re- peated if required, was the general dose. Notwithstanding all this I admit that it is necessary to carefully judge what cases to give it in, and when to give it; and to remember that grave issues must be faced in giving it.

Hyoscin in doses of from 1/200 gr.-1/75 gr. was the next best hypnotic we used. In some cases it acted in a marvellous way, in others it was apparently without effect. Chloral and bromide of potash in combination (the usual doses of grs. xx and grs. xxx respectively) was in many instances quite sufficient, but here the cases were as a rule mild. The ice-bag should be in continuous use. Case our hospital "boy "-was conscious at intervals almost to the last, and the only thing he resented was the removal of the ice-bags when they had to be refilled. The ice bags should be large and one should be placed on the forehead and the other at the nape of the neck.

I.--our

Blistering of the nape of the neck and lower occipital region was sometimes beneficial. We found the best way to do this was to use the emplastrum lyttæ ás Dr. HORDER suggested, viz., by repeated but short applications just to prevent vesication. Of Leiter's tubes we had none, and the imitations we got made by Chinese workmen were not a success consequently they were not tried.

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Thirst in European patients was more marked than in the Chinese, and the soldiers attacked seemed to thrive on beer and stout which had been well ice 1. This was what they preferred to have and I must say it did excellently well, being at once stimulant, soporific, nutritious, and thirst quenching. Ice cream made with pure cream was also greatly relished by the European patients.

As regards diarrhoea the best results were got from salol grs. x every 4 hours. Naphthol and other similar drugs would probably have been equally good but were not so easily procurable. In another epidemic some of these so-called intestinal anti- septics should be freely used, as they do no harm as a rule, and the possibility of diminishing the virulency of the fæces by their means should not be overlooked. Mist Astring c. Opio was of little avail. Enemata of starch and opium were not of much use either, being seldom retained for more than a minute. If straining was troublesome a suppository of morphia gr. 4 and cocaine gr. as a rule brought about comparative comfort after two or three introductions. The treat- ment of the bubo resolved itself into simple methods. Glycerine and belladonna at the beginning of the epidemic was the most useful applications, on account of the painful character of the swelling; whilst later, when suppuration did not take place so often, iodine proved the more useful application. In the earlier period of the epidemic this drug would have had no more effect than ditch water. When- ever redness appeared we poulticed at once and opened; whenever pus was diagnosed, we opened freely and drained; iodoform being the best application, the bacilli in the swelling disappearing from the discharge in a few days. It was very necessary to ensure good drainage, as if imperfect, burrowing was almost sure to be very troublesome. Bladder trouble,-Retention, Cystitis, &c.,-had to be met by catheterization, diluent drinks, strychuia,-in fact ordinary treatment; lung trouble by ordinary medical measures; the addition of a little senega to the ammonia, cinchona and digitalis being as a rule quite sufficient to bring about improvement. Pneumonia was treated secundum artem as it arose-and we soon learnt to keep a sharp lookout for it, especially after the first fever.

Camphor was given to Professor AOYAMA, (as it was one of his favourite drugs) as a cardiac stimulant. It could not do harm, but we took good care to let him have plenty of ammonia, brandy, digitalis, &c., as well.

AOYAMA himself, before his attack, had suggested in the wards that digitalis folia would probably be the most satisfactory method of exhibit ng this drug—his suggestion was applied in his own case, but without any specially markel good

effect.

When it is borne in mind that the loss of hæmoglobin was noted as an import- ant symptom from the very beginning of the outbreak, the possibility of the transfusion of healthy blood naturally suggested itself as likely to be at least a small help in treatment. Some experimenters maintain that it is no use, or rather that salt and water is as good. I doubt it. Not only would the amount of hæmoglobin be increased, but fresh and healthy leucocytes would be introduce into the patient's system, and there is no knowing what assistance this might not be to the fighting line of the person attacked. When Captain VESEY was so ill we had numerous volunteers from his regiment to give blood if the course of the case proved suitable for the operation, but as in his case the hæmoglobin did not fall below 40% and his lung and brain symptoms were so acute, the occasion did not occur. In one case where a Chinaman had been lying in a collapsed condition for almost two days we transfused him with a bot saline solution with the result that his circulation improved for some hours, but he again sank into his former state of collapse and died. The fluid was injected at a temperature of 110° F. in the funnel, and had a distinctly beneficial effect on his general condition, but it was only temporary as we expected it would be.

A supply of oxygen for inhalation was kept ready for all the European and Japanese patients. When administered it always improved the pulse and respira- tion for a short time. It was only used in the worst cases-the trouble of prepara- tion and administration, and the want of time preventing an extended experience. of it being gained.

Injection of iodide of mercury into the bubo was tried at the Alice Memorial Branch Hospital but I do not think with success. We triel carbolic acid in a few cases but it was useless. I do not think that these injections can ever be of the slightest good after the disease has developed, as the greater part of the solution cannot be absorbed, and the amount necessary to counteract the poison would simply assist in killing the patient.

Nitrite of amyl and nitroglycerine were suggested by some enthusiasts as suitable drugs to be used in heart failure in the later stages. They were never tried as in my opinion they would only have made the vascular condition worse.

MORBID ANATOMY.

On opening the abdomen in only a few cases could the spleen be seen coming below the ribs. It was however always somewhat enlarged and hyperamic. In consistence it was softer than normal but not diffluent as is sometimes met with in malignant malarial cases The malpighian bolies were always swollen and well marke. There were occasionally small punctate subcapsular hemorrhages, these were never large on the surface of the spleen. In one or two post mortems consider- ably enlarged spleens were met with, but in my opinion the enlargements were principally due to malarial causes, and this seemed to be borne out by the greatly thickened and fibrous capsules. This would not be likely to happen in the course of a week's illness. Towards the end of the epidemic very few haemorrhages were found on the surface of the spleen, or in fact anywhere.

The liver as a rule showed no marked enlargement. It was generally soft and more friable than normal. Occasionally small hæmorrhages were seen on the upper surface---punctate in character. It was generally somewhat paler than usual, but in two cases the substance was deeply bile-stained. The gall bladder was almost always full of dark brown tarry bile-on very few occasions post mortem was it found really distended. The kidneys were usually congested, with occasional small subcapsular hæmorrhages; none were seen in the substance of the kidney.

In the mesentery very large hæmorrhages were sometimes met with, and these seemed to be largest in cases where the glandular affection partook of a large hæmorrhagic character. Hæmorrhage on the serous coat of the stomach was not seen. On the mucous surface they were occasionally seen, and here again they were always punctate in character. The small intestine was occasionally inflamed somewhat, and here on several occasions Peyer's patches were distinctly affected, rising slightly above the surrounding surface, and presenting a retiform appearance. On a few occasions some of the solitary glands in the large intestine showed a similar inflammation. The mesenteric glands were almost always enlarged; some- times slightly, generally markedly, and occasionally considerably. When small they were of a dark blue or purple colour, with no hemorrhage into or around them. As the size of the gland enlarged there seemed to be a greater tendency to a sero-sanguineous effusion around, as in the case of the externally apparent buboes. Hæmorrhage into the ovary (considerable) was met with once, and also a hæmorr- hagic endometritis.

The lungs were generally somewhat congested and dark at their bases, and occasionally some fluid was found in the pleurae; but this was never seen in quantity say of a pint. Pneumonia was present in a few cases. Hæmorrhages were rare on the visceral pleura; on the parietal pleura they were not seen at all. In two or three cases of persons who died late (i.e, after the tenth day) in the disease mul- tiple abscesses were found, pyæmnic in character. The bronchial glands were often enlarged although rarely to a great degree. I never saw any of the bronchial glands exhibit the hæmorrhagic type sometimes found in the mesentery. The larynx was sometimes congested and inflamed, but this was co-existent usually with large cervical glandular enlargement, though by no means invariably so.

In some of the early cases we found the left side of the heart firmly contracted, with the right side dilated. In almost every case examined the right side of the heart was dilated, but in some of these cases we were rather surprised to find the left contracted--it was perhaps to be expected that it might be empty or almost so, but not in the firm condition in which we found it. To my mind this calls for thoughtful consideration, and I regret that a reasonable explanation does not suggest itself to me at present. On a few occasions

On a few occasions a small amount (a few ounces) of pericardial fluid was present. The substance of the heart in those who had been ill for several days was generally softer and paler than usual-inflamma- tion going on to fatty degeneration. Under the visceral pericardium on several occasions punctate hemorrhages were seen-none upon the endocardium. No fresh endocarditis or pericarditis was seen. Antemortem clots were frequently found, especially on the right side; these were generally small however, and did not fill up the cavities, a large quantity of fluid dark watery blood being also present, whilst the vena cava were generally distended by the same fluid.

The thyroid gland was never enlarged except when evidently due to direct extension of the inflammatory mischief in the neck. The thymus in a child was in one case the seat of a large abscess, co-existent with pyæmic abscesses of the lungs.

On opening the skull the meninges were invariably found to be hyperæmic, as was frequently the brain matter. In a few cases there was an increase of cerebro-spinal fluid, but this was seldom marked. Both the dural and pial

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membranes were generally bright red all over the brain, and occasionally the grey matter underneath was rosy red showing a condition of acute cerebritis. The longitudinal and lateral sinuses were generally full of the dark fluid watery blood. At the base the congestion of meinbranes, and even the Pons and Medulla them- selves, was most marked. Hæmorrhages were rare in the substance of the brain itself, only on three occasions did I see a hæmorrhage in the Pons Varolii, others had been diagnosed during life but not found post mortem.

As regards the glands which are affected one met possibly with only one markedly enlarged, or many lymphatic glands in the body enlarged either slightly or to a very great extent. In the early cases, as I have already mentioned, the enlargement in one special region seemed to swamp the interest taken in the rest of the glandular system. The enlarged glands principally affecte I were generally surrounded by a sero-sanguineous exudation, in the midst of which a hæmorrhagic gland, or glands, was situated. Only in two or three instances was pus actually met with in these on the post mortem table. The periglandular effusion was in a few cases very great round a small gland, and sometimes the œdema would extend round this further still; whilst often a chain of glands would be greatly enlarged without any surrounding exudation at all. As the epidemic went on the extravasated fluid became gradually less, and at the end of the epidemic it was seldom seen, the slightly enlarged gland or glands being generally clearly seen as a dark blue body distinctly outlined in the surrounding fatty or subcutaneous tissues (referring to the femoral glands which were generally first cut down on).

Sometimes a very great amount of oedema was present in the neighbourhood of the bubo.

MORTALITY.

Taking the total number of deaths and recoveries amongst the Chinese (as far as official figures go) the death-rate was 93.4 %. Amongst Indians it was 77 %; Japanese, 60%; Eurasians, 100%; Europeans, 18.2 %.

I have no doubt that one cause of the heavy mortality amongst Chinese was the want of efficient medical attention and nursing in the early days of their illness. Many died in their houses without the slightest attendance. The Chinese admitted to European Hospitals only came in after having been several days sick, when the most favourable opportunity for treatment had passed. The cases which lived longest, or which recovered, were usually under treatment from almost the beginning of their illness. All the Europeans were under treatment at an early date as were several of the Japanese who recovered; and although some of the European cases were not severe I think that early and suitable treatment had a great deal to do with the diminished mortality. I regret to say, that with the Eurasians this was not so. Two of these were under treatment early but both died, whilst another case which was not diagnosed early died on the seventh (?) day. There is no doubt that European blood and stamina had a good deal to do with recovery, and I say this notwithstanding the fact that they were necessarily more carefully nursed and looked after than some of the Chinese. It must always be borne in mind that an intelligent European had every chance in his favour; he was in the first instance very jealous of his earliest departure from health, and lost no time in placing himself in communication with experienced help; then he was able to explain his own symptoms in his own tongue to a medical man who spoke and understood the same language. Again he had confidence in the power of western medicine to help him, and he was untroubled by the constant dread of the "foreign doctor" which environs not only every ignorant coolie, but the vast majority of the more or less cultured classes of the Chinese nation.

CONVALESCENCE AND AFTER EFFECTS.

When a bubo was opened I found that iodoform was the best application for insufflating purposes. After a couple of days' treatment by plugging with lint soaked in carbolic oil and smeared over with iodoform the bacilli usually disappeared from the discharge. This was due, I think, to the antiseptics employed and not to any possible death of the bacilli by the growth of staphylococcus in the pus. In some lymphatic abscesses (in the case of Professor AOYAMA,) which had been. present for several days before opening, the bacilli were found in numbers. corrosive sublimate fomentations were the best external applications in most cases, being cleanly and easily applied. Where the bubo was large, dirty, and discharging freely, poultices of linseed, either alone, or with charcoal and dusted over with iodoforin, were preferable. Suppuration was sometimes prolonged for a month or more, and where this was so a careful examination sometimes revealed a large

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slough which had completely separated, but which still caused a good deal of suppuration (one more reason why one should open the primary bubo freely). The use of iodine, iodide of potash ointment, mercury, &c. locally, all seemed useless even in the later stages of the bubo which had not suppurated. Treat the debility, and the bubo will disappear of its own accord was what our experience taught us. Not only this but the irritation caused by these applications sometimes led to unpleasant results, which it was well to avoid. As a rule an open bubo took from one to three months to close, very few healed under a month. Keloid formation on the site of bubo was frequent in the Mongolian subject. Several cases have come to Hospital lately to be seen.

The vitality of the tissues after plague reached a lower point, I think, than it does after any other debilitating acute disease. In most cases there was not the slightest reaction of the tissues, if cut they remained almost in statu quo for days, and granulating wounds were generally called "granulating" by courtesy.

It was only to be expected that head symptoms would occasionally persist for some time. Irritability, perversity of temper, and headache occurred frequently, and even a temporary aberration of mind in some cases.

The condition of the vascular system generally improved rapidly-after the fever disappeared-under iron, strychnia and arsenic, but even here palpitation, breathlessness, and other signs of cardiac weakness persisted for a time.

No case of permanent cardiac valvular mischief have I yet noticed however in any of the European patients. In convalescence digitalis has not been prescribed. In the few cases where symptoms of oedema of lung, or pneumonia, persisted after the fall of temperature the condition improved by good food, tonics, and the occasional application of iodine externally to the chest.

In some cases the sloughing was extensive, and extended by the lymphatic vessels. In these cases no attempt to heal up took place until the general tone of the system improved.

I have seen some cases lie absolutely comatose for several days in the Chinese Hospital and recover in a most marvellous manner, but these were the exceptions. The mere fact that a man was comatose for so long a time as four days would point to a bad prognosis; yet in the Slaughter House several cases lay in that condition almost uncared for and recovered without a bad symptom afterwards.

Death occurs by-

(a) Sudden heart failure.

In some cases the slightest exertion caused death, even in those who seemed to be convalescent; and it was of the utmost importance that all movement out of bed be disallowed. Some cases had this failure brought on while on the bed pan. Others jumped out of bed in delirium only to be put back, practically pulseless, to die.

(b) Gradual heart failure depending on brain conditions and cardiac

weakness.

In these cases the lungs were usually edematous, and the combination of brain and dyspnoea generally brought about a rapidly fatal result.

obstruction.

In these cases nothing could really be done as the state of the patient when it occurred would have made tracheotomy a difficult if not a totally ineffective operation, and would in all human probability have proved fatal. In these cases the amount of oedema and sero-sanguineous exudation all round the anterior part of the neck would have made the operation so tedious that the patient would probably have died before its completion. (d) Hæmoptysis.

The cause of a couple of deaths. (e) Hæmorrhage after sloughing buboes.

Two cases of sloughing into the iliac arteries occurred and death took place almost instantaneously.

(f) Hæmorrhage into the Pous Varolii.

This undoubtedly helped to bring about a dissolution in

some cases.

(g) Pyæmia and exhaustion.

These were occasionally the cause of death, but infrequently. (h) Meningitis and cerebritis.

These really come under (b).

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THE BACILLUS.

The Bacillus was found in practically every part of the body to which the blood has access. It was especially abundantly found in the enlarged glands and in the spleen. It was found in the other organs of the body and in the blood, but in fewer numbers. In the bubo and in the spleen they were found in much greater numbers in June than they were in September, and I have no doubt that they are always more numerous in cases where a large hæmorrhagic bub is present. Slight variation in size was met with. The bacillus taken from the blood looks. like a diplococcus, when stained with aniline dyes, the intermediate part only staining slightly. The bacillus taken from the bubo stains almost equally all over at first, but after keeping specimens for some time many of them show the appearance of those found in the blood, the staining of the interglobular part of the bacillus evidently not catching hold of that part so well. The bacilli vary slightly in size even in the same case. The capsule of the bacillus is usually distinct under the 1/12th oil immersion lens, and is best seen in some of the bacilli from a bubɔ where the interpolar part is not too deeply stained. The bacilli grow most abundantly on blood serum or glycerine agar agar at a temperature of from 96-100° F. The blood serum is not liquified. A culture from blool shows small grey semi-translucent colonies over the surface of the serum. Spore formation has not been noticed. When animals that are susceptible are inoculated with a cul- ture they get rapidly affected and die in a few days, the length of time varying generally according to their (the animals') size. Mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs are susceptible to the disease. The only pig that I inoculate is still alive, but as I have doubts as to the virulency of the culture a definitive opinion cannot yet be given as to the susceptibility of these animals Dogs have not yet been proved to be susceptible. The question of the infection of pigs is of the greatest importance, as so much of the meat supply of Hongkong consists of pigs brought from Pakhoi and Canton, where the disease may become endemic Strict measures may have to be taken in the case of a recrudescence of the disease in Canton. I can only say that so far as it has been noticed dogs seem to have escaped; dead dogs in the streets being conspicuous by their absence. Whenever a fresh culture of bacilli can be obtained this point will be cleared up.

After animals which had been inoculated died, the point of inoculation was found on dissection to present almost the same appearance as the peri-bubonic tissue in man. The spleen was generally enlarged, and in rats there was well marked enlargement of the lymphatic glands. Feeding animals on plague flesh and on buboes generally resulted in their death a few days after.

A one per cent. solution of carbolic killed the bacilli after an hour's application. A two per cent. solution killed practically immediately. Quicklime was almost as efficacious. Four days' exposure of the bacilli to fresh air generally killed them--no positive results being obtained from culture after that exposure whilst bacilli exposed directly to the sun proved innocuous after four hours. (Temperature of Black bulb being from 150°-160° F.)

I have already mentioned that the bacillus may be found in the blood six weeks after the acute stage of the disease has passed; but this statement must be qualified by the remark that, in the later stages of the disease, it was found that they had generally disappeared in about three weeks.

Patients were not discharged from Kennedytown and Hygeia Hospitals until the bacilli had disappeared from the blood; but at the Chinese Hospital they were generally kept about two months, i..., those who recovered.

QUESTION OF QUARANTINE.

On this much debated subject it is perhaps best to say as little as possible. The question of quarantine, or the medical prevention of the introduction of disease must be decided by each country according to the sanitary state it is in; and upon the history of the disease as I have given it, and upon the facts there recorded the question will have to be settled. The great danger undoubtedly arises in most cases from its introduction by emigrants and their clothing from infected ports. Introduction by merchandise from an infected port though possible is very improbable indeed. If quarantine is to be imposed it is to be remembered that the incubation period has been proved to extend to nine days. I have no hesitation in saying that if immigration was disallowed in non-affected ports quarantine would be unnecessary; but if emigrants from an infected port are allowed to land then quarantine should be enforced, and more particularly so in the case of Chinese. Their baggage in

particular should be most carefully disinfected as the ways of the "heathen Chinee" are just as peculiar in the matter of clothing as they are in some other things. The risk of the introduction of the disease by other immigrants (the ordinary first and second class passengers) is practically nil.

ÅDMINISTRATIVE.

On May 10th when the epidemic was first discovered the Government Medical Staff available for service was composed of the following Europeans:-

Colonial Surgeon, Acting Superintendent Government Civil Hospital, Messrs. CROW and BROWNE, nine Sisters, Mr. CHAPMAN, Steward- Wardmaster BRETT, Government Civil Hospital, Wardmasters CUM, MING and BAYLEY, Lunatic Asylum.

On the discovery of the outbreak on 11th May, the hospital hulk Hygeia was moved from behind Stonecutter's Island to West Point, within easy reach of the shore, and every preparation was made for receiving a large number of patients on board. These patients did not arrive on that date as was at first arrangel owing to difficulty with the Tung Wah Hospital authorities, but early on Saturday, 12th May, all the plague-affected Chinese in the Tung Wah were removed to the ship, after a prolonged interview between the Colonial Surgeon, Mr. MAY and myself, and the Chinese Committee of that hospital. On this day Police Constables GIDLEY and MCKILLOP were seconded for service in this Department.

On the evening of 13th May, Surgeon PENNY, R.N., having volunteered for service, reported himself for duty whilst Surgeon-Major JAMES of the Army Medical. Staff was also sent to assist us and commenced work on the 14th, chiefly under the orders of the Sanitary Board.

On 14th May, owing to the rapidity with which the Hygeia had been filled, Kennedytown Police Barracks was placed at our disposal and was immediately opened as a hospital.

On the 11th May, fourteen Chinese "boys," cooks, and coolies were secured to act as nurses on the Hygeia, and also three amahs; and on 14th May, eleven more attendants were engaged for Kennedytown; the European staff being dis- tributed between the Government Civil Hospital, Asylums, Hygeia, and Kennedy- town with orders to remain at their posts until relieved.

On the morning of the 15th May, it was discovered that almost all the attend- ants at Kennedytown had disappeared--notwithstanding the fact that they were receiving double wages-and in addition several of the Hygein attendants also, decamped-having either swam ashore or dropped into the sea to reach adjacent sampaus--whilst the other nurses had been looking after the sick. The Chinese Apothecaries, UI KAI and CHAU KAM-TSUN, had been detailed to superintend the dispensary and the administration of medicines, one being stationed at Kennedy- town, and the other on the Hygeia; whilst the Chinese clerks, LEUNG FU-CHU and LEUNG PING-FAI, had to keep the registers, and procure as much information about cases as possible. The result of this was that on 16th May in addition to the Medical Officers, the following was the staff that was practically doing twenty- four hours' duty on the Hygeia:-

Two Sisters.

Police Constable J. MCKILLOP, Wardmaster. Police Constable T. I. GIDLEY, Wardmaster. A Po, Chinese Wardinaster.

One Chinese Apothecary.

LEUNG PING-FAI, second clerk.

There were also about fourteen Chinese "boys" and coolies to assist. The boatswain and one caretaker of the Hygeia (who were in charge of the ambulance boat) had also disappeared. The above staff had to do the whole of the work of getting patients up the gangway, washed, put to bed, given nourishment and medicine, removed when dead, coffined, and conveyed to Kennedytown by boat for burial. In fact they had to do everything but dig the graves and fill them up.

At Kennedytown the following was the only available staff :-

Two Sisters.

Wardmaster CUMMING.

One Chinese Apothecary.

A CHING, Chinese Wardmaster,

and about a dozen "boys" with an occasional hour's help from some of the Hygeia staff, whilst bodies from the hulk were awaiting burial. The Medical Officers generally had to lend a hand at anything that required to be done.

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On 19th May, we arranged to retain the services of Dr. W. F. C. Lowson for additional work. It should be mentioned that at this time the work at the Govern- ment Civil Hospital was very heavy, the result being that every European was doing on an average sixteen hours' duty per diem, the surgical work at the Govern- ment Civil Hospital being much more important than is usual.

On 21st May, the Glassworks Hospital was opened and this relieved our staff to a certain extent. The hygiene of this hospital however caused us a great deal of trouble, and it was only by the occasional employment of extreme measures that this place was prevented from becoming a certain death trap to every one who entered it.

On 15th May six Petty Officers from the Victor Emanuel were detailed to assist us with the launches-the Chinese crews having shown a disinclination to work—and as a result of their help the conveyance of the living and the dead was greatly accelerated. It also relieved us of the necessity of sending a Wardmaster with the dead to Kennedytown. The necessity of water transit was also diminished, as the sick for Kennedytown now began to be taken by road-not quite so com- fortable a method of conveyance as by boat but one which saved the Medical De- partment a lot of trouble.

On the 27th May six Alice Memorial Hospital students were engaged by the Permanent Committee to assist; two to look after the sanitation of the Glassworks, and four to assist in town work. The weather at this time was very depressing being very hot and wet, and oilskins and sou'westers were absolutely necessry for any one venturing out of doors.

On the 28th May the ventilation of the Glassworks had to be improved by removing all the glass from the windows.

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On the 29th May Wardmaster GIDLEY and all the Chinese on the Hygeia were removed to Kennedytown, as I expected that Europeans might soon be at- tacked by the disease. This apprehension was justified as one Shropshire man was admitted the same afternoon, and two on the following day. After this the Hygeia was kept solely for Europeans, Japanese and Eurasians, no more Chinese being taken on board.

On the 31st May it was discovered that the Alice Memorial students had fled from the Glassworks, some of their relatives having unfortunately died, but we soon got help from the Army and Navy Authorities as Privates J. R. MAKIN and H. E. HUSSEY of the Army Medical Staff Corps were seconded (on the 8th June) for services in the Glassworks; whilst Sick-Bay Steward MITCHELL, and Sick-Bay man GEORGE SMITH from the Naval Hospital arrived on the 9th to render further assistance; and improvement in the condition of that place at once took place; the result of obedience to our orders.

On the 7th June I offered to take charge of the whole of the nursing and medical department, an offer made because the Chinese had mismanaged (medically and sanitarily) the Glassworks Hospital; and also because we had been promised assistance, in the way of attendants by Major-General BARKER. We were quite in a position to make this offer as a result of our experience of the previous month, and also from the fact that we were now fairly well provided with medical men. However the Permanent Committee said "no."

The Slaughter House Hospital was opened on 8th June-a building well suited for the occasion, with brick walls, concrete floors, fairly good ventilation, and easily kept clean. In my opinion, however, it was not nearly so good as the old Cattle Depôt which, in addition to good drainage and floors, had magnificent ventilation, long stalls, which would have made splendid wards; equally easily kept clean; and where a small nursing staff could have looked after a large number of patients.

By Saturday, June 16th, all the patients in the Glassworks had been removed to Canton or to the Slaughter House Hospital and the place was shut up.

The Matshed erected opposite the Glassworks was opened on June 17th under the medical supervision of the Alice Memorial Hospital Staff. Owing to the want of proper drainage here, and to the usual tendency of the Chinese, when not looked after, to throw rubbish about, an insanitary pool of rubbish accumu- lated at the southern end of the shed which had to be carefully watched to prevent a recurrence. The ventilation of the matshed was necessarily good, as large open spaces had been left between the walls and the roofs, and windows and doors were plentiful. This hospital was closed on July 21st the experiment having proved rather expensive.

On June 19th Dr. J. F. MOLYNEUX arrived from Ningpo to assist in the medical work and on June 24th Surgeons MEADEN, R.N., and BEARBLOCK, K.N., also arrived, and-under the orders of the Permanent Committee--proceeded with the inspection,

of junks and vessels arriving from Canton and Macao. Their services were really not required as, with the co-operation of Dr. MOLYNEUX, the staff associated with me was now quite sufficient for the work which had to be done. A judicious interchange of work however enabled the latest arrivals to see a good lot of the plague, and allowed some of those who had been working on shore all along to have a few days fresh air on the water. The junk inspection might have been effective two months earlier.

Dr. MOLYNEUX left on 19th July; Surgeons BEARBLOCK and MEADEN about the end of same month.

On 10th August all the patients in the Slaughter House Hospital were removed to Kennedytown Hospital, and the former place was cleaned up and thoroughly disinfected by carbolic acid, all fittings which had been used being burned. The Alice Memorial Matshed on closing was disinfected by carbolic acid freely applied to the floors, whilst most removables in the way of beds, tables, &c. were burned, or freely treated with carbolic acid. A typhoon in September completed the dis- infection by blowing the shed out of sight. The disinfection of the Glassworks was done by carbolic acid and quicklime applied to the walls; all wooden floors being removed and burnt, and the refuse added to the flames. The Hygeia was closed on August 8th, the two European patients being transferred to the Civil Hospital. Disinfection here was done by carbolic acid and fresh air.

Kennedytown Hospital was closed on September 26th, the remaining patients being removed to the small-pox observation hut in the Civil Hospital grounds. This hospital was also disinfected by carbolic acid, whilst the convalescent matshed adjoining was conveniently removed piecemeal by successive typhoons in Septem- ber and October. This matshed had been erected early in June, it being essential to transfer patients to another ward after the acute stage of the disease was over. By this arrangement we had always two lots of patients, one lot requiring very little actual nursing, and the other lot all together in the place where the nursing had to be done.

The Hygeia proved a most valuable hospital for Europeans, every medical visitor being greatly impressed with its suitability for this purpose providing did plenty of fresh air, every breeze in the harbour, no mosquitoes, and the charm of sea life during convalescence. It would probably have gone very hard with some of the European patients and the Japanese doctors had they been treated on shore, every slight breeze in the harbour bringing great relief to the sufferers. When the rush of Chinese patients came, however, the ship was rather taxed for accommodation, as one private ward had to be used as a mortuary, another as an office, and the others to accommodate the extra staff, &c., which was necessary. Her use as a European hospital during last summer alone has more than justified

her existence.

Kennedytown Barracks proved a fairly good hospital, but its proximity to the trees on Mount Davis made it a hunting ground for flies and mosquitoes which sometimes added greatly to our patients' sufferings. The arrangements of the rooms also left much to be desired.

The Commissariat of the Chinese Hospitals at the Glassworks and at the Slaughter House Hospital was in charge of the Chinese themselves. In the Glass- works the food was principally used by the attendants, the patients not requiring very much or when receiving it receiving what was unsuitable. As one or two cases began to recover however the arrangements began to improve, and at the Slaughter House Hospital, when affairs were running smoothly, the commissariat was efficient as far as supply was concerned. The supplies and furnishings to the Hygeia, Kennedytown Hospital and Alice Memorial Branch were under the charge of Mr. ROBERT CHAPMAN, the Steward at the Government Civil Hospital, with Sergeant SMITH, R.A., specially detailed to assist him in Alice Memorial Branch work from June 20th to July 21st. The amount of work done by Mr. CHAPMAN was almost incredible, and I trust that the Government may be able to satisfactorily reward this officer, who was constantly at work from shortly after five A.M. till ten It must be remembered that all this time he had his Čivil Hospital work to do also; and when one considers that on no single occasion was there any delay in the delivery of or want of supplies one can only come to the conclusion that it was a hard bit of work well done.

P.M.

Dispensary hours were long at the commencement of the epidemic, but after getting large supplies of "stock" mixtures made we were able to arrange matters so as to allow Mr. CROW and Mr. BROWNE to devote a considerable amount of time to disinfecting work in the town.

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The detai's as to the changes of the nursing staff were left to Miss EASTMOND, our Matron, and we were able to arrange that the sisters, after being on plague duty for a week, were on duty during the following week at the Civil Hospital, where the work though as heavy was not disgusting or depressing.

During the epidemic two wards were kept at the Government Civil Hospital for observation purposes. This was necessary as cases of plague turned up at this hospital during the night; and as coolies to transfer them to Kennedytown at once could not be procured even at very high wages these had to be kept till morning.

If ever this Colony has had reason to congratulate itself it was when we were able to procure well-trained British nurses. I think the greatest compliment that I can pay these ladies is to say that had it not been for their presence there could have been no well-run epidemic hospital during last summer. Amateur nurses at the beginning of an epidemic, or indeed at any stage where there is a rush, are worse than useless, and multiply the worries of a medical officer ad infinitum; not only this but all outsiders took care to give our hospitals a wide berth. When the hospitals were crowded it was often a matter of difficulty for the Medical Officers employed to keep their meals on their stomachs. It would have been much harder if they had had to remain in constant attendance all the time as our Sisters had to do. Small-pox is bad, but there is something specially awe inspiring in plague which seems to appal the onlooker. Cholera and small-pox show external evidences which make a spectator aware of the existence of a severe disease, but to witness rows of plague patients dying off in a hospital has, I am sure, a much more depressing effect on by-standers than the two diseases I have mentioned.

The carbolic mouth-wash for the soldiers employed in cleansing work was made up regularly twice a day at the Civil Hospital for some weeks, the following formula being used :—

ft gargarisma.

R. Ac. Carbolic Liquid,

Eau de Cologne, Spirit Camphor, Aquam ad,

in. 160

m. 140

m. 180

o. IV

Quinine in 5-grain doses was also served out to every soldier by the Army Authorities.

Among the attendants at the various hospitals there is evidence of at least three deaths. The Italian sister who died of the disease was nursing at the Alice Memorial branch hospital, and got infected by excessive zeal.

Her death was very much regretted, as it was the only death in a European hospital; and we had by this time got so far through the epidemic without loss that it seemed probable every attendant would come out safely. The dangers of nursing should have been carefully pointed out to her. An amali at the Slaughter House hospital became infected and died after removal to Lai-Chi-Kok. An attendant at Lai- Chi-Kok hospital, finding himself attacked by plague, promptly came over to Hongkong and walked up to Kennedytown hospital, where he afterwards died. It is to me a source of keen gratification that none of the attendants in the Government Hospitals were attacked.

Rules had to be made regarding visitors in the Chinese Hospitals, as many people wanted to see friends and relations. These rules were simple-(1) Visitors had to be escorted by the Chinese policeman, and night talk to a patient for five minutes but without touching him. (2) Anyone wanting to stay longer and assist a patient was detained, and reckoned as an ordinary hospital attendant until the patient was better, and then had to undergo a few days' isolation and disinfection. We were able to keep an observation ward in the Slaughter House Hospital.

STATISTICAL.

The following table gives the admissions and deaths of those treated in the Government Hospitals :-

May,.. June, July,

"Hygeia."

Total.

Plague.

Observation.

Deaths.

157

143

114

171

154

117

•

May, June, July, August,. September, October,.

Kennedytown Hospital.

Total.

Plague.

Observation.

Deaths.

71.

121

115

335

264

200

It will be noticed that in August and September the proportion of observation cases was large. It was most essential at this period that all possible foci of disease should be removed; and it must be remembered too that at this stage of the epidemic, apparent glandular swellings were seldom met with. Of the fifty-one cases of plague admitted in August only eight had visible buboes when admitted; whilst only two developed them in hospital.

June and July,

ALICE MEMORIAL BRANCH HOSPITAL,

Total. 112

Plague.

110

Observation.

Deaths.

In the Glass Works and Slaughter House Hospitals under Chinese treatment the following were the numbers. These are given in a somewhat different manner, but I believe the figures are correct :-

Admitted Living,

Admitted Dead,

Sent to Canton,

Sent to Kennedytown and Alice Memorial Branch up to

31st July,.

Sent to Lai-Chi-Kok,

Under Observation,

To Kennedytown in August,

Plague Cured,

Deaths from Plague,

1,627

828

194

..2,068

2,455 2,455

In addition to these there were treated in the Government Civil Hospital Isolation Wards 32, of which-

7 6.....

19,.

Died.

Transferred to Hygeia. ...Transferred to Kennedytown.

This, of course, is only as far as found in town and sent straight

The following table gives the numbers of different nationalities who were affected and died, with the percentage of deaths. hospital statistics go--the number of dead bodies to the burial ground is not included here:-

Europeans, Japanese, Manilamen,

Eurasians,

Indians,

•

Malays,

Portuguese,

....

West Indians,

•

Chinese,.....

Affected.

Died.

Mortality

per cent.

18.2

60'

100.

77.

66.

100.

.2,619

2,447

93.4

The Chinese figures are difficult to work out owing to so many removals having taken place. The above are the numbers where definite results as to recovery or death are known.

Of the 1,627 persons admitted to the Slaughter House Hospital alive 1,037 were males and 590 females. Of the 828 bodies brought in dead 472 were males and 356 females. Considering the comparative smallness of the Chinese female population it will be seen that they suffered severely. By last census the proportion of females

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208

to males was only 23:57. This heavier female mortality was only to be expected when it is remembered that women and children were practically confined to the houses in the infected areas every hour of the twenty-four; whilst the men were generally absent during the day, and in many cases slept in the streets at night, a thing which the women as a rule are not accustomed to do.

Out of the 2,619 Chinese cases we had reliable information as to age in 2,050 instances. The following table gives the numbers of those affected in the different decades of life:

}

Under 5 years,

Between 5 and 10 years,

Males.

Females.

.281

190

244

3.0

..323

..233

..127

Over 70 years,

Here again the mortality is somewhat difficult to give correctly on account of the removal of the patients to Canton and owing to other reasons.

TIME OF OUTBREAK.

The question as to when the epidemic started in Hongkong cannot be satisfac- torily settled now,

The statements made in certain medical quarters here that the plague was raging in Hongkong early in April cannot be entertained by any thoughtful person who has taken the trouble to study the question. The evidence, on which these conclusions were based, was obtained from Chinamen, who are notoriously deficient in the art of truthful description; and its value is further discounted by the fact that it was freely stated that the disease had been here either for years or "as long as could be remembered.". Add to this that these statements were only made after the epidemic had been raging for some time, when every Chinaman was wildly excited, and I think it will be conceded that no credence can be put on such state-

ments.

Personally I believe that the first deaths took place in the carly days of May. The mortality statistics cannot be depended on in this Colony as far as the proper registration of the cause of death is concerned, but the number of deaths given by the Registrar General may be looked upon as not far wide of the mark. These numbers were as follows from the 1st April till 9th May, Chinese only in this list :—

April 1st,

7 ;

2nd, ......16;

April 14th, 15th,

3rd,

10;

16th,

April 27th,.........................12 ; 28th, ...18; 29th,

.12;

4th,

17th,

.13;

30th,

..14;

5th,

•.10

18th,

.13

May 1st.

6th,

19th,

14;

2nd,

8; 9:

7th,

20th,

.11

3rd,

..21;

8th,

.14:

21st,

4th,

.15

;

9th,

...12;

22nd,

.11;

5th,

.17;

10th,

8 ;

23rd.

6th,

13:

11th, .....14;

12th,

......14;

24th, 25th,

7th,

18:

8th,

.24;

13th, .........14;

26th,.........17;

9th,

..27.

These figures are significant. From the 3rd to the 9th May the average daily number of deaths had risen somewhat but to nothing like the numbers which occurred afterwards. Moreover the number of Chinese burials during the first week of May was not excessive, and did not show any evidence pointing to an earlier period of outbreak. If people had been dying in great numbers their bodies must have either been buried, or remained in the houses; and it was noticeable that scarcely a single body found by the search parties was in an advanced stage of decomposition.

We know that plague corpses decompose rapidly, more especially in the hot weather, so that the evidence given above, although not conclusive, is about as nearly so as it can possibly be.

QUESTION OF INFECTION OF SOIL.

A great amount of interest has centred round the district known as Taiping- shan during the past months. The area which was walled in was undoubtedly one of the most noticeably infectel parts of the City of Victoria, though First, Second, and Third Streets in the Saiyingpun district were equally bad. Much general interest has been taken on this head owing to the resumption of the land by the Government, money matters having entered largely into this question in a purely mercantile community like Hongkong, where anything of a temporary commercial character always conmands the greatest attention.

Taipingshan (by this I mean the closed area) was shut up :--

1st. Because it was badly infected.

2nd. Because in the opinion of the Medical Officers connected with the plague, the majority-if not all-of the houses were not fit for human habitation at that time.

The first of these reasons needs no further demonstration when it is stated that it was difficult to find a house which had not a case of plague in it, while most of them had more than three cases.

and

The second cause has been demonstrated in the medical part of this report,

be briefly summarised thus:--

may

(a) Filth everywhere, scavenging being conspicuous by its merely no-

minal presence as far as the front door.

(b) Overcrowding undoubted.

most of the houses.

(d) Basements abutting upon retaining walls and with floor surfaces

formed of filth-sodden soil.

(e) “cocklofts," ie., mezzanine floors, and cubicles which effectually led

to overcrowding and prevented the entrance of light and air.

Taipingshan having been shut up, the next thing to be considered was "What is to be done with it?" The Housing Commission, appointed by the Governor to consider ways and means for the housing of the native community during the emergency, took evidence on this matter the opinions of Drs. KITASATO and YERSIN being asked, the possibility of the infection of the soil entering largely into the question.

After receiving evidence the decision arrived at was briefly that Taipingshan should be resumed, and should be destroyed, preferably by fire.

Naturally the desire of all medical men is to see a town which is perfect from a sanitarian's point of view, but it is a totally different matter when questions of economy have also to be considered. The fact remains that only a very small portion of the town has been improved, whilst the rest of it--some parts in equally bad sanitary condition at present--has been left in statu quo.

I have no hesitation in saying that where a Chinese population has to be dealt with, it will never be possible to keep even a perfectly laid out city in order, unless the strictest surveillance is kept over the inside of the houses; by this I mean looking after the numbers of inmates, the cleanliness of the houses, and the light and ventilation, drainage, etc.

No evidence was given by the local witnesses regarding the infection of the soil, though some of them expressed their opinions. Dr. KITASATO was asked his opinion on the subject only a few days before he left for Japan. I took him round the streets, and as he had lived with me for a month, I was able to get his opinions and views in a much more satisfactory way than by half-an-hour's writing. Dr. KITASATO'S statement as regards infection of the soil was as follows.

I examined several times the dust of the floors, and the soil of infected houses with regard to their bacteriological contents, and only once I found in the dust of a house the plague bacillus. In soil taken from a considerable depth it has not been found so far, but these experiments require to be carried further." It was impossible for him to give a lengthy and careful report on the subject, his report being specially directed at the extremely insanitary condition of some houses. He was astonished at the state of affairs he saw, and although quite ready to help

* About ten acres of the most densely populated part of the City was closed by the Government at the height of the epidemic, all the inhabitants being turned out of their dwellings and housed elsewhere. The streets were walled up and constables were stationed to prevent ingress to the "forbidden city.”

209

210

by giving his opinions he did not give a full report on the subject. This meant time, and as he had what was to him much more important work on hand it was not to be expected that he should take a great interest in the matter. His views were those of one who wants to see a sanitary Utopia, and his expressions of opinion were mainly directed against the conditions which allowed such a state of affairs as he found to be brought about. Dr. KITASATO's recommendations with regard to the removal of soil was especially directed at some houses with earthen floors where the soil had become polluted with filth to an almost incredible extent. Dr. YERSIN's report was given after a few more days consideration, but even under these circumstances I think he made a mistake. Dr. KITASATO did not state that there was plague infection of the soil. Dr. YERSIN On the contrary maintained that there was. His opinion was expressed as follows:--

"I have had no difficulty in discovering in the soil of several infected houses a little bacillus identical with regard to aspect and the culture of the plague bacillus. The microbe inoculated into animals does not kill the guinea pig or the mouse--it possesses no virulence. This property does not surprise me--for already for a long time I had begun to separate microbes of different virulence in the buboes, and I have authentic cultivations of plague which kill neither the guinea pig nor the mouse, like the bacillus in the soil."

This paragraph opens up subjects which would provide material for a lengthy controversy-subjects which call for much discussion and require many proofs.

Now it seemed that if the plague bacilli were found underground after a few short weeks of the outbreak it was a very serious thing to tackle; and to me it was a mystery how they could find their way through tiled floors-even though the tiles might be porous. If the soil was infected, then it was necessary that serious measures should be undertaken-if not, then there was still time by proper means to make any future infection of the soil impossible. As so much hinged on this question, I got Dr. KITASATO's assistant, Dr. TAKAKI, who had just arrived from Japan, to make an extended series of experiments with me, which effectually proved that there was no infection of the soil. An

An organisin was found which was almost identical with the plague bacillus, but this, on closer examination, was found to be really different, and this view was afterwards borne out by Dr. KITASATO, to whom numerous specimens of earth from the worst houses were sent, and to whom the results of our local experiments were submitted for criticism.

This same organism, closely resembling the plague bacillus, was found in earth taken from the garden of the Government Civil Hospital. I have not time at present to go into the minute details of the case, suffice it to say that numerous experiments with soil at depths of from one inch to twenty inches were made in the most careful manner, and the results were always the same as regards the absence of the plague. bacillus.

The main causes of the spread of the plague were as follows:-

(1) Want of means for the isolation of people who were almost certainly

incubating the disease.

(2) The grossly insanitary condition of the latrines.

(3) Overcrowding.

(4) Want of efficient house scavenging and the filthy habits of the inhabitants. These were the most potent factors in the spread of the epidemic; and these simple but urgent matters should be put right forthwith. While I write this, the houses in First Street and several other streets not far from the Government Civil Hospital are in as bad a condition as-if not worse than-they were in April

1894.

PROPHYLACTIC VALUE OF OPIUM.

Several statements were made-probably by interested persons-during the epidemic as to an alleged immunity from the disease acquired by opium smokers. There was no such immunity, as many opium smokers died in the various hospitals. The following extract from a letter to the Colonial Surgeon on this subject dated 11th August, 1894, gives my views upon the subject :-

"In answer to your question I have to state that it is not a fact that 'no opium smoker has died from plague.' Numerous opium smokers and several opium eaters have died during the epidemic. The proportion of opium smokers admitted will never be ascertained as so many patients arrived at the hospitals delirious or

comatose.

"Opium smokers would certainly be less liable to infection than those who do not smoke anything at all but I am of opinion that in the case of plague smoking

good tobacco is of greater benefit than smoking opium. In plague it is the atomised carbon which is of prophylactic value. An opium pipe cannot have the specific effect in prevention of plague that it undoubtedly possesses in malaria.

"After a person has been attacked by plague an opium pipe under judicious medical supervision will undoubtedly act as a sedative in the acute stage; but here again it could not have the wonderful effect as a curative that it often has in malaria, phthisis, and bad neuralgia.

"During convalescence after plague its use is indicated for those who have smoked opium previously and is here of great benefit."

In the case of two opium divans where careful enquiry was made I found that no inmate had been attacked by plague and several customers had made them their residence for some time. Any one who has been into a busy divan in the City of Victoria knows that the amount of smoke generally evolved by the inmates prevents one seeing across the room. Infection by inoculation is of very frequent occurrence, and I cannot see how opium smoking could possibly prevent infection by this channel unless by physical or chemical action outside the body. An opium smoker may finish his smoke and afterwards go into an adjacent house and be infected with the disease-the pipe he smoked some time before is then of no prophylactic use.

Moreover the mere fact that these houses were opium divans was not the only reason why they escaped as each lessee took very good care in his own interests to keep out any visitors who had any appearance of being sick, and if any one had become ill in the house it is pretty certain that he would have been very soɔn turned out of it.

Opium smokers who recovered were not allowed to smoke in the Government Hospitals but, from the rapid way that several opium smoking inmates of the Slaughter House Hospital convalesced when allowed to smoke, I should be disposed in future to allow them to have their usual pipe in some outside ward or matshel. Several patients were noticed in the native hospitals who smoked through their whole illness, some of their friends attending them to keep the pipe frequently filled, and it must be said that they seemed to give very little trouble, whilst food very rarely crossed their lips.

DRAINAGE STATISTICS.

The following table prepared by Mr. J. R. CROOK, Sanitary Surveyor, shews that in the principal infected areas houses which were drained under the Public

· Health Ordinance were affected in fewer numbers than those which were not connected with the new drainage scheme.

Taipingshan District.

May.

June.

Houses redrained under Public Health Ordinance...... 33% affected 30% affected

Houses not so drained

36% affected 36% affected

Western District.

May.

June.

July.

Houses redrained under Public Health Ordinance.....

10%

17%

Houses not so drained

13%

26%

31%

These differences are so small that it would be wise not to attach too much importance to them as a proof of the necessity of having efficient drainage.

PRESENT SANITARY REQUIREMENTS.

The following matters require urgent attention :-

(1) Vital Statistics.-A reliable record of vital statistics prepared under the immediate supervision of a duly qualified medical practitioner should be at once institute 1. Compulsory notification of death is necessary.

There is no law at present to enforce it.

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212

(2) House Drainage.-Existing regulations should be enforced regarding the design and construction of house drains, and remedial measures for removing existing defects should be put into effect.

(3) Scavenging.-Thorough and efficient scavenging of all public and private streets, lanes, alleys, yards and premises throughout the Colony is a great necessity.

(4) Light and Ventilation.--The existing laws with regard to light and ven- tilation require to be enforced, and regulations as to the height of buildings and the width of streets should be introduced. (A new Act has just been made.)

(5) Basements.--An enactment prohibiting the occupation of basements as

domestic dwellings is very necessary.

(6) Wells.--All wells situated within the thickly populated areas of the

City and used for dietetic purposes should be closed at once.

(7) Latrines should be provided on suitable sites throughout the City and

maintained by the authorities in a cleanly condition.

(8) Insanitary Dwellings.-The laws relating to insanitary dwellings and the closing of those unfit for human habitation should be enforced.

(9) Private Lanes and Streets.-All private lanes and streets should be

resumed by the Government and maintained in a proper condition.

(10) Back-to-back houses should be demolished as soon as possible.

(11) Dairies.-All dairies should be removed from the crowded districts of the city. This has been pointed out in previous years by the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon.

(12) Bakehouses.-Existing laws and regulations affecting bakehouses require

enforcement.

(13) Importation of dead meat from the mainland should be strictly prohibited. (14) Importation of Animals.-Reception lairs should be provided to allow

proper inspection of all animals imported into the Colony.

(15) Markets.--Several public markets require sanitary improvement and a market for the wholesale trade in fruit and vegetables should be instituted and efficient inspection should be carried out. The latter is extremely necessary during the summer season.

(16) Sheep and pigs should not be kept in houses which are inhabited by

or are built for the inhabitation of human beings.

It is a matter for regret that the Resumption of Taipingshan should have been carried out before these most necessary sanitary improvements have been effected which are, I believe, far more necessary than the former. They are the common-places of Public Health, but they require a judicious expenditure of money to carry them out and efficient men to supervise them.

CONCLUSION.

In conclusion I wish on my own behalf to heartily thank those especially associated with me in the medical work, Surgeon-Major JAMES, A.M.S., Surgeon PENNY, R.N., Dr. W. F. C. LowsON and Dr. J. F. MOLYNEUX, for the very great. assistance they rendered at a critical time, Each had a certain amount of routine work to get through, but where so many developments occurred at all hours of the day and night a serene temper and a ready obedience to orders were necessary to enable us to get through the work during the early days of the epidemic. These were always forthcoming and it was only our perfect unanimity which enabled us to do so much. Surgeon-Major JAMES' duties at the Tung Wah Hospital were as revolting as they well could be--even the dirty work which the officers and inen of the Shropshire Regiment had to do was less disgusting.

It is as well to point out that Drs. W. F. C. LoWSON and MOLYNEUX were the only volunteers to help us when matters were really serious. We had other volun- teers when the heavy part of the fight was over.

The subordinates of the Medical Department I also cordially thank for their splendid conduct, under circumstances trying to the best tempers, and for the implicit confidence they placed in all orders and directions given for their welfare.

CLINICAL CASES.

The notes of these cases are necessarily rough. Time to re-write them is unfortunately not at my disposal, but it is to be hoped that they will afford a certain amount of interest to medical men even as they are. The remarks made on some of them are not lengthy for the simple reason that we have still a good deal to learn on the subject of plague, and many doubtful points suggest them- selves, which it is to be hoped may yet be cleared up. It will be found that some of the treatment does not correspond with what has been advocated in foregoing pages, but it should be remembered that, in dealing with such a fatal disease, it was some time before the best treatment could be definitely laid down; whilst it is probable that even now we have not yet arrived at the best method of dealing with it.

Case I.-Chinese. Et. 25.

This boy was our hospital attendant. He left hospital at 9 p.m. on Sunday, April 29th, and came back at 9 a.m., May 1st. This thirty-six hours was the only time that he was out of the hospital and did not leave again before he went on the sick list. He complained of feeling unwell on the afternoon of the 5th May, and when his temperature was taken at 6 p.m. it was found to be 103° F. I did not see him until about 1 a.m. on the 8th; he informed me that the swelling of the left femoral gland, which was apparent, first commenced on the evening of the 6th May, but he had not mentioned that to the Medical Officer on duty. The gland was, at this time, the size of a large walnut; there were no lymphatic vessels affected, at least, none were to be seen inflamed; there was no sore on the foot but a small scratch was visible two inches below the knee on the inner side and there were no signs of inflammation or suppuration around it; there were no other glands to be felt enlarge. Great headache. Treatment up to the 8th was quinine grs. x. every three hours and phenacetin grs. x. occasionally, but during the latter day had aconite m. v. and antimony wine m. viii. every four hours only.

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101

100-

99-

98-

MAY, 1894.

On the 9th: pulse still fairly good, but although the temperature is better he is in a moro stupid condition and very anxious about himself at times; the mouth and throat are very dry; ice-bag applied to nape of neck and top of head. Chlorate of potash gargle ordered for the throat in addition to aconite mixture. 10th very torpid this morning, pulse worse and easily compressible complains greatly of hotness in the throat, passing urine in bed, 3 p.m. had a convulsion. Examina- tion of blood shewed rapid crenation of corpuscles-some of them broken down and particles of pigment in some of the white ones (I believe that some of those when seen stained were bacilli, but I did not recognise them as such). At 7.15 that evening the convulsions became very frequent and he had hyd. of chloral gr. xxx. and brom. of potash gr. XL in two doses. The percentage of homo- globin in the blood 50.

At 2 a.m. on the 11th: as the convulsions were still severe, he had brom. grs. XL. and chloral grs. xxx. again. In the morning his mind was clearer and he complained much of his mouth being dry, with sordes on the teeth, &c. Hæmoglobin 35 per cent. There have been no more convulsions since the bromide and chloral in the carly morning. All day the conjunctivæ have been suffused-

213

214

he can retain his urine to-day. The blood is very fluid and watery. 12th much clearer in the mind this morning. No convulsions. Muttering delirium and picking at the bed clothes occasional. Heart's action is very tumultuous. There are no lung symptoms. The superficial veins in the axillæ and chest are notably prominent. There are no more glands to be felt, however, than the enlarged one in the femoral region. The urine is very scanty and contains trace of albumen and bile salts. Rabbit and guinea-pig injected with blood. Rabbit lived three days, the guinea-pig two. Treatment after the 11th: "ammonia and ether frequently, with brandy, eggs and milk with grs. xxx. bromide of potash on the afternoon of the 11th.'

Hemoglobin on the 12th 18 per cent.

Died comatose on the 13th, 10 a.m.

Post mortem examination same afternoon. Small rose-red spot round scratch below the kuce. Small discoloration, scarcely amounting to a petechia just close by bubo.

No enlargement of glands apparent in any other region of the body.

On incision into the petechia below the knee, there is found a hypodermic effusion of thin watery blood. There is no attempt at clotting of blood. On dissection of the bubo the same effusion is found round it. Slight-congestion of the lungs. Spleen is somewhat enlarged. The liver friable and pale. The gall-bladder is empty. Some enlarged mesenterie glands. The kidneys somewhat paler than usual. No hæmorrhages in the peritoneum or thorax. The meninges were intensely congested, and no hemorrhage was found in the brain. Heart (left side) firmly contracted, right side full of dark fluid blood.

REMARKS. This post mortem did not assist much as I had only a few minutes in which to examine the body after it had been opened. This case, however, showed us the value of the ice-bag in relieving the headache as so long as the boy was conscious or even semi-delirious he told us that the ice-bag was the only thing be wanted. He took his nourishment well and being most anxious to get well, contrary to the majority of his fellow countrymen affected, did everything and took everything he was told. The boy was anæmic, always and the low percentage of haemoglobin on the 12th, which was several times and most carefully estimated, was not so remarkable as if it had occurred in a full-blooded person. This suggested, at the time, transfusion of blood, supply of oxygen for inhalation, and early administration of iron and chlorate of potash. It will be noticed that some of the treatment was different from what I have recommende:l..

Case II-Japanese. Et. 36.

On the 28th June, at a dinner given by the Japanese Doctors to several of the Hongkong Medical gentlemen connected with the plague, Professor AOYAMA's temperature was 101.6° F. He slept well during that night. On the morning of the 29th Dr. CANTLIE saw him and found him suffering from what he supposed to be the results of a dissection wound. At 5.30 p.m. he was seen by Dr. MOLYNEUX and myself, and, the case being immediately diagnosed as plague, he was removed to the Hygeia. From the evidence which we procured it seems that on the 22nd or 23rd of June, whilst making a post mortem examination, he scratched the left third finger on the posterior and ulnar aspect of the first phalangeal joint. On the 27th of June, he again scratched himself on the end of the right thumb.

When removed to the Hygeia he had a temperature of 105° F.; had a bubo in the left axilla without lymphangitis; had a well marked lymphangitis of the right arm extending up to the level of the middle of the humerus; was delirious, very sleepy, and the conjunctivæ were intensely suffused; pulse apparently full and bounding but easily compressible. The bubo was very painful. The heart dulness was increased to the left and the apex beat was about one inch to the left of the nipple line. This was a most extraordinary state of affairs considering that within thirty-six hours the apex beat returned to its usual position and the heart dulness returned to exactly the nipple line; whilst Dr. KITASATO assured us that, as far as he knew, AOYAMA had no previous heart mischief to his knowledge.

Treatment ordered: sponging every half hour; milk, eggs, Braud's essence, with a small amount of brandy ad lib; calomel grs. x. at once; a mixture composed of

every two hours.

Ammou. Carb Tr. Cinchon Infus. Digitalis.

Aq. Chorof. ad.

.grs. iv.

.m. xx.

..3 ii. .zi.

At 2.30 a.m. on the 30th the pulse was much weaker, temp. 105°. Mixture with m. xxx. Sp. ammoniæ added, ordered every hour, in addition to champagne.

At 4.30 a.m. there was no improvement, pulse still very bad. In one of his calm moments he had urged that an ice-bag should be placed over his heart; and, although delirious, had argued so rationally that we permitted him to keep it on during the night. As we thought that this might be one of the causes of the exceedingly bad pulse it was removed; and at 9 a.m. the pulse had considerably improved. At this time on examination he had no splenic tenderness: the condition of anxious dyspnoea was well marked, but did not seem so intense as it was in the early morning. The mixture ammonia, etc., was continued every hour, lead and opium lotion being applied to the right arm and belladonna and glycerine to the bubo, nourishment, being continued as before.

At 3.30 p.m. he had been sleeping somewhat heavily, and in a coherent moment when he awoke announced himself better. The conjunctiva were less congested, the headache, which up to this time had been well marked, now disappeare:l, and he seemed generally easier. The digitalis is now

omitted from the mixture which is still given every hour and in addition a pill of monobromide of camphor-gr. i. was given every two hours as he had expressed a wish to have that.

JUNE.

JULY, 1894.

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-.

100-

99-

98-

124

112

120

100

Pulse

126

128

116

1161

120

121

112

Resp.

28 30

B.O.

36 31 32

404

48 44 36 50

4 2 2

On the 1st July, at 3.30 a.m., pulse occasionally intermittent, doses continually, appears better (for temp. see chart). At 9.30 a.m. the right thumb and the left third finger being very painful and considerably inflamed were opened freely and iodoform applied with a linseed meal poultice. Ammon. and cinchon. mixture every two hours, along with the mouobromide of camphor and nourishment. At 11.30 p.m. has not slept at all; very delirious, pulse again bad; complains of pain in the incised thumb; has vomited slightly; only sp. ammonia co. m. xxx. every hour now given in addition to champagne and brandy frequently, and during the night to have two doses of

ii. of infusion digitalis.

On the morning of 2nd July, the condition was practically the same, but on examination of the lungs there was found to be some hypostasis at both bases, especially on the right side. From this date until the 5th the condition was practically the same; acute delirium, intermittent pulse; frequent stimulation by ammonia, camphor, brandy, champagne, with an occasional dose of digitalis being the order of the day; of sleep, during this time, he had practically none. Sponging on an Diarrhoea was average every three hours; the water now being used at a temperature of 65° F. considerable on the 3rd: treated by enemata of starch and opium, and sub-nitrate of bismuth grs. x. oue dose only. On the 4th and 5th it was extremely difficult to keep him in bed, and it was only by tricking or frequent drinking to the health of the Emperor of Japan or Queen Victoria, that we could get him to take any nourishment or medicine.

JULY, 1894.

106-

105-

101-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99-

98-

104

196

18.£

#96

188

100

Pulse

104

124

Ser.

Resp. 40 48. 72

B.0.

48 40 32 32 26 30

36 36 26 28 32

|∞

SCV.

sev.

215

216

On the 5th, at 11 p.m., he had 1/100° of grain of hyosciu hypodermically and slept eight hours after. On the morning of the 6th, well marked pneumonia at the right base had developed and by this time the catheter had always to be used. Diarrhoea was also distressing and for this grs. x. bismuth sub-nitrate was given practically every four hours. At 10.30 p.m on the 6th the pulse became suddenly very intermittent and almost imperceptible. Hypodermic injections of ether were given frequently during the following hour and ammonia to the nostrils; the ammonia mixture being continued every two hours. The pulse improved during the night, but the intermittency still remained well marked. At 9 a.m. on the 7th he had a belladonna plaster over the heart and m. vii. of tincture of strophanthus added to the ammonia mixture every two hours, whilst the monobromide of camphor was discontinued.

On July 8th another attack of heart failure occurred, the pulse being imperceptible for some time at the wrist. Hypodermic injection of ether over the heart with hot sponges applied in the same region were followed by an improvement in the pulse within an hour. Diarrhoea afterwards became worse with extreme tenesmus and he was put on salol grs. v. every four hours, stimulation by ammonia still proceeding. In addition, as there was considerable pain in the abdomen and tym- panitis, lead and opium lotion was applied in fomentation. On the 11th the condition of the right lung had improved to some extent. The bubo in the right axilla was opened and found to contain pus. It had been very painful during the previous twenty-four hours. Pulse still intermittent, diarrhoea with tenesmus still present. Liq. strich. m. v. ordered three times a day. On the 12th the diarrhoea had diminished, no tenesmus, but still very offensive and the pulse was now only rarely intermittent ; salol grs. x. was continued three times a day.

On the 14th the temperature shot up to 104° F. again, and, on examining the right lung, a fresh well marked pleurisy was discovered all round the right base. A blister was applied, and on the sugges- tion of Dr. CANTLIE, chloride of ammonium grs. vi. were given every four hours with the ammonia mixture. On the 17th he was improving in general condition, ammonia mixture being continued along with the chloride of ammonium, and as the pulse was now fairly good and regular the strychnia was left off. On the 20th quinine grs. v. thrice a day was ordered; extract of malt thrice a day with ammonia mixture every four hours; Burgundy and the most nourishing food being freely administered. On the 21st a very large slough was removed from the axilla. On the 15th the opening of numerous lymphatic abscesses was commenced upon both arms and proceeded at about the rate of six a day for the following week, over 40 in all being opened. On the 24th sulphide of calcium pills gr. every four hours together with 3 ii. of cod liver oil thrice a day was all the medicine he was getting. By the 26th he was put on a sumptuous diet and small doses of quinine the cod liver oil being continued.

JULY, 1894.

1,5

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99-

98-

120

101

112

104

༨ དང་ ་ ་ང་བ་

Pulse

108

112

100

112

108

112

116

120

112

108

104

44 44

Resp.

11 11

૭ |

44 36 40 32 28 36 32

3 0 2

2 1 0 2

On the evening of the 2nd of August, after getting a little too excited over the prospect of getting home, he was suddenly seized with breathlessness and palpitation and when I saw him a few minutes afterwards I found him with a fast running feeble puise about 120 and this continued for about an hour; ammonia being the principal stimulant used in treatment. On the following morning he was prescribed a mixture of iron, arsenic, and strychnine. Cod liver oil stopped and extract of malt substituted. He improved until he was discharged on the 21st of August, when he was advised to take the following mixture:-Liq. arsenical m. v., liq. ferri dialysat m. x., liq. strychnin m. v., aq. ad 3 i. t.i.d.

On the 2nd July there was a trace of albumen in the urine. On the 6th of July there was no albumen in the urine. On the 9th of July there was no albumen in the urine. And on the 31st of July there was no albumen in the urine. He woke up on the 19th of July and was quite rational for the first time, after having beeu non compos mentis for almost three weeks. If I remember right he said that his usual weight was about 160 lbs. On July 29th he was 1343 Bbs. On August

6th he was 1311bs. And on August 20th 136 s. Bacilli were found in the blood by KITASATO on the morning of the 30th of June. On the 11th of July when the bubo was opened numerous bacilli were found in the discharge. On the 15th of July no bacilli were found in the discharge. On the 16th bacilli were found in each of the lymphatic abscesses opened. On the 3rd of August no bacilli were found in the blood.

Remarks.-This was a most difficult case to treat. Here was a well built strong man wh⋅ had been a delightful social companion but when delirious was—well, difficult to manage. Fortunately we had one sister who spoke German and another Japanese and this was a great help as, presumably infected with the war fever, he would not allow a Chinaman to come near him during his delirium. It may appear that too much physie was administered but it has to be remembered that he was in a most desperate condition and ammonia had to be given as practically part of his nourishment and not only that but his mental condition was often such that he could not or would not take part or all of his medicine, so that the above treatment was simply suited to the circumstances of the case at each visit and simply meant stimulate and nourish as much as possible. In his delirium he would often argue in the most rational manner, especially on medical subjects. From the 6th to the 11th July he was too ill to do this as during the most of this period he was in an apathetic semicomatose condition with occasional outbursts of violent conduct. He became conscious on the 19th July and after that slowly improved until able to leave for Japan. The prominent points in his case were the extremely bad pulse, the long period of pyrexia, the complications-pneumonia, retention of urine for a long time, the numerous lymphatic abscesses, the profuse and very foetid diarrhoea and the long period during which he was unconscious and of which he remembers nothing. The bacilli disappeared in a few days from the abscesses after use of iodoform. I saw him in September. At many of the incisions there was a tendency to formation of keloid and although I could find no physical evidence of cardiac weakness he informed me that he was very easily perturbed and tired and that he had headache often whenever he tried to do any serious work. He now relates with glee how he disappointed us -as his coffin had been taken on board on the 3rd July and every preparation made for his funeral

on the morrow.

The physical signs of the condition of the heart on the 29th of June require some explanation, which I am unable to give. One can scarcely imagine it possible that the mere application of an ice-bag would cause a change in the position of the heart, which there undoubtedly was.

It is a significant fact that after the ice-bag was removed the apex. beat and the area of cardiac dulness soon returned to their usual positions.

Case III-Japanese. Et. 38.

Dr. I. was assisting KITASATO in bacteriological work. Whilst preparing to remove Aoyama to the Hygeia our attention was directed to this patient who had that day felt "out of sorts," and on taking his temperature found it was 102° F.-pulse rapid, considerable headache, no shiver, slight pain in the left axilla. In addition he had the indefinable appearance of a plague patient, the recogni- tion of which comes intuitively to one who has seen a lot of the disease. He was at once removed with his colleague to the Hygeia. On arrival there his temperature was 99° F. At midnight it was 102° F. On the 30th at noon it was 104° F. and at 6 p.m. it had reached its primary maximum 105° F.

Examination showed the absence of any open wound on the left hand; but there was the mark of a small scar on one of the fingers, where he said he had scratched himself some days before. On the morning of the 30th the bubo was very painful, the conjunctivæ very suffused and his condi- tion generally worse. Treatment: ammonia and cinchona, sponging, monobromide of camphor grs. ii. every four hours, with the usual nourishment, egg flip, Brand's essence, beef tea, etc.

JUNE.

JULY, 1894.

29 30 1

3 4 5

6 7

8 9 10

12 13 14

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-4

101-

100-

99.

98--

Pulse

104 108 ¡92

120 103 104

88 84 80

96 76 78

68 180 SO

80 80 84 80

100 38 76

92 80 81 80 80 106

921 88 88 92

Resp.

217

218

On the 1st of July he was rather delirions and breathing, at times, spasmodic, pulse good and regular, but with slight inclination to throw the ice-bag about. The first cardiac sound is prolonged and booming and occasionally a distinct bruit is noticeable. At 6 p.m. he complained of a sore throat and on examination the pharynx was found intensely congested with an ulcer on the palate and left tonsil. Delirium had not been so marked during the day. On this day in the after- noon he had some digitalis added to the ammonia mixture as the pulse began to get weaker and somewhat dicrotic. Chlorate of potash gargle for the throat. On the 2nd of July calomel grs, x. given at night. Urine contains trace of albumen.

3rd of July seems better this morning-pulse improved, throat also improved. Digitalis left out of mixture during the day. Monobromide of camphor grs. ii. every four hours, still going on. 4th of July condition unaltered, digitalis again given with the ammonia mixture-dozing slightly through the day, but very delirious at night. July the 6th: retention of urine. Began to sleep now first time for three days. July the 7th some cystitis evident,―some muco-pus in the eye of the catheter and a tinge of blood. Large quantities of barley water ordered. 8th of July: delirium practically gone and condition improved-strychnin and iron mixture ordered, liq. strychninæ m. v. and liq. ferri dialysat, m. viii. thrice a day.

On the 13th of July slight pleuritic rub right side, mustard plaster locally. On the 26th of July some lymphangitis of the left arm, treated by lead and opium. Discharged cured on August the 3rd. Bacilli found in blood morning of the 30th June. Bubo was opened on the 8th and was almost closed when he left for Japan. The pleuritic rub disappeared in a few days.

Remarks.--This patient was easy to manage as he was not physically so strong as some of the patients who were on the Hygeia at the same time. The study of delirium in its early stages was a most interesting one at this period. In one ward we had Case V. whose great desire was to have a "quiet wrestle" with his attendant whom he nearly threw out of the window at an early stage of the disease and which he was inclined to try again had not effectual means been taken to prevent him getting out of bed. In the next room was a patient who fancied himself a "fowl in the air and who usually was in a most happy mood. Next to this patient we had one who, until prostrated, was a most violent subject to deal with, whilst I's failing was a desire to stand up in bed and address an imaginary audience, but-quite different from II.-always ready to listen to our reasoning and at once obey orders. It will be noticed that this patient's temperature fell from 103° F. to normal in twenty-four hours, a fall closely resembling a crisis. The throat affection was the only marked one we had where the prominent glandular swelling was not in the cervical region and led me to consider if he had been infected by respiration and not by inoculation. Here also, notwithstanding scrupulous attention to the cleanliness of the catheter, cystitis developed in about thirty-six hours after the catheter was first used but which got rapidly well by simply giving diluent drinks and strychnin and iron. The occurrence of lymphangitis during convalescence was noticed in several other patients, but is only to be expected if the slightest irritation is present.

Case IV-English. Et. 35.

Admitted May 31st with high temperature, considerable headache, vomiting and a left inguinal bubo. Treatment: tr. aconite m. v., vin. antimonial m. viii., aq. chlorof. ad. 3 i. 4 times a day with draught chloral hydrat. grs. xx. and pot. bromid. grs. XL. at 9 p.m.; nourishment--as much as he could take. Same treatment on the 1st, but as the aconite mixture had not brought down his temperature at 6 p.m. he had antipyrin grs. x. every four hours, four doses in all, aconite being stopped.

MAY.

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100--

99--

98--

Pulse

Resp.

B.O.

ස

JUNE, 1894.

116

100

108

1041

100

116

18 50 56

On June the 2nd he continued to take as much nourishment as possible. At 2.30 a.m. as his temperature had not come down with the antipyrin a cold sheet was frequently applied; but with no effect on the temperature until about 8 a.m. when it dropped about two degrees, and as he then shivered slightly it was removed. In the afternoon the amount of hemoglobin was estimated at 60 per cent., cynosis considerable. In the evening vomiting was severe and a mustard plaster was applied to the epigastrium. Iced champagne ordered in addition to the brandy in egg flip.

June 3rd: no more vomiting during the uight, had only a few suatches of sleep. Quinine grs. v. three times a day, in addition to digitalis and strychnin mixture-tr. digitalis m. vi., liq. strychuinæ m. iii. every hour for three doses. At 6 p.m. hæmoglobiu was estimated at 53 per cent. There is now slight dulness and fine crepitations at the left base and at night the digitalis and strychnin mixture was repeated every four hours with ammonia mixture. On the 4th--has had a very bad night, great delirium. There are now a few fine crepitations at the right base (hypostatic). The pulse occasionally intermits and the hemoglobin is estimated at 40 per cent. As his condition was getting rapidly worse I asked Dr. HORDER who had seen a considerable amount of plague at Pakhoi to see him with us but in spite of frequent stimulation by champagne, æther, and ammonia he rapidly sank and died at 9.45 p.m. During the afternoon he had frequent inhalation of oxygen which improved his pulse and respiration temporarily each time; but on the oxygen being discontinued they very soon got as bad as before. Ice-bags had been almost continuously on his head from the time of the commencement of delirium, in addition to a blister on the back of his neck.

On the 2nd of July from the rapid onset of acute delirium and the increase of respiration along with the marked cyanosis a most unfavourable pragnosis was given. Sleep was unfortunately out of the question that night owing to the hideous noises of a Chiuese procession on shore. Several times the patient dosed off only to be awakened by the sound of an extra hundred crackers · blazed off being wafted over the calm waters of the harbour, and which the patient even in his delirium complained bitterly of. The aconite and antimony were left off whenever the pulse began to get dicrotic and stimulation commenced.

Case V-English. Æt. 26.

On the 26th of June at 2 p.m. was requested to see this patient, found him suffering from plague and had him removed to the Hygeia at once. History:-On the 23rd June felt quite well. On 24th of June at 10 a.m. felt feverish, temperature 102° F., same evening 105° F. Noticed slight swelling in left femoral region. On the 25th knocked off work. Treatment on admission: calomel grs. x. and later on liquor morphiæ m. XL., milk, eggs, brandy, Brand's essence ad lib. Had a fairly good night.

JUNE.

JULY, 1894.

106-

26 27 28 29 30 I 2

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

105-

101-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99-

98-

8.1

82 82 88 88 80 80

Pulse-

Res p

B.O

80 76 80 80/80

76 78 80 96

32 28, 40 32 24 287 20

32 28: 20 28

28. 20 18 20

86 28 36 22

22 27 20 22 20

219

220

On the 27th quinine pill grs. v. three times a day ordered. Tepid sponging every two hours and liquor morphiæ m. xxx. at 9 p.m. On the 28th morning, pulse slightly intermittent and tendency to delirium; tr. digitalis m. xii., sp. ammon co. m. xxx., tr. cinchon co. m. xxx. ordered every four hours. No sleep during the night. On the 29th delirium marked; pulse still slightly intermittent. Hyoscin hypodermically gr. TỔO.

On the 30th at 2 a.m. he had another gr. r as he had not slept at all and was continually wanting to get out of bed. At 9 a.m. has had no sleep, pulse very irregular now; pupils widely dilated, (? Hyoscin). 12.30 p.m. had grs. x, bromide of ammonium.

1st July at 3.30 a.m. he had gr. morphine. "He repudiates the ice-bag"-pulse inter- mittent, and anacrotic-no rebound wave by sphygmograph. The morphia had no effect in quieting him and at 4.30 a.m. he had a hypodermic injection of gr. hyoscin. After this he slept for over an hour. At 10 a.m. urine was drawn off by catheter, highly coloured, ammoniacal, deposit of mucus, trace of albumen, and deposit of phosphates (by microscope). The digitalis and ammonia mixture continued as before. At midnight he at last got a good sleep and slept until 5 a.m., morning of the 2nd July; pulse still intermittent-no lung complications; taking his nourishment well; ammonia and digitalis mixture continued and grs. iiss. quinine instead of grs. v. three times a day. No sleep at night. July 4th, situation unchanged.

During the night of the 5th as the pulse had improved though still intermittent, the digitalis was left out of the mixture. No sleep. Until the night of the 7th ccndition got worse. Low muttering delirium, and his pulse was now very bad, stimulants being given freely. On the evening of the 7th he had a hypodermic injection of hyoscin gr. and slept until about 7 a.m. on the 8th. This seemed to be the turning point for on the 8th he was much better and was put upon strychnin and iron, in addition to the cinchona and ammonia.

On the 12th the bubo was opened and a large amount of pus evacuated. On the 16th ammonia and cinchona three times a day was the medicine he was getting. His pulse was still somewhat intermittent but otherwise much improved in quality. On the 18th extract of malt three times a day ordered. On the 20th he was ordered tinct. strophanthi m. x. and liq. strychnin m. v. thrice a day under which the condition of the pulse rapidly improved.

On the 5th of August cultivations from and microscopic examination of blood and bubonic discharge showing no bacilli, he was removed to the Civil Hospital. At this time there was some considerable enlargement of the glands along the iliac vessels and as there had been a great amount of sloughing in the upper part of the thigh careful surgical attention was necessary. The mass in the iliac fossa remained large and indurated for over a month and was opened by Surgeon PENNY whilst I was in Japan, whilst several other openings were made afterwards. A long and tedions convalescence terminated by his discharge from Hospital on December 2nd, the most of the swelling having disappeared and the scar being firmly healed.

JULY, 1894.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100--

99-

98-

176

88 81 72 90 $2 92

72/171 188 69

Pulse

635

Resp. 20 20

201 22 16

12 16 18 16 14 16

100 96 88 941 96 100 98 96 104 104 104 104 $8 83 Su

20 18 16 14 19 15 12/12 16 14 16 16 16 0

16 18 16

B.O.

Remarks. This was a most tedious and anxious case up till the end of October. The enlarged iliac glands (the induration round which extended to within an inch of the umbilicus) gave rise to considerable atony and obstruction of the bowel, which necessitated urgent manual mea- sures on several occasions. The femoral artery lay bare on the surface of the callous ulcer for a long time

and at one period it was a question whether the external iliac artery should be tied for fear of serious hæmorrhage, as had occurred in two fatal cases. There was also some cystitis which persisted for a considerable time. The cardiac condition improved slowly-the intermittency persisting for at least two months. On December 31st he was examined again and his pulse although not inter- mittent was very irregular--no valvular disease of the heart could be detected.

Case VI.-Eurasian. Æt. 18.

Became feverish on the morning of the 1st July.

A right femoral bubo developed during the day and he was removed to the Hygeia on the 2nd. Treatment: nourishment; ammonia and cinchona every two hours; phenacetin grs. v. every four hours, if temperature above 103° F., quinine grs. v. thrice a day and sponging frequently with water at temperature of 75° F.

JULY, 1894.

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99-

98-

108

$2.

Pulse

110

120

24 *20

Resp.

On the 3rd he was delirious, complaining of being cold and the sponging was left off. Skin was moist and clammy; and there was a considerable degree of cyanosis; he had no sleep during the night; always wanting to get out of bed; plague pulse, but not intermittent. Ammonia and cinchona every two hours as before and quinine grs. v. three times a day. At 7.30 p.m. the temperature was 106° F. and he was now sponged, but without much effect in reducing the temperature; his pulse was still fairly good though dicrotic but not intermittent.

At 2 a.m. on the 4th while the Sister was calling me to see another patient, he got out of bed to go to stool, his attendant having gone to procure ice, and when I went into the ward the attendant was putting him into bed. I found him pulseless and moribund. He had ether injections frequently, hot mustard and water to the heart, ammonia to the nostrils; but all of no avail and he died at 2.30 a.m.

Remarks.-The rapid onset of delirium in this case and the extreme cyanosis which developed on the third day betokened a fatal ending, but the mere coincidence of the attendant and the Sister having to leave the ward at the same time brought about an earlier death than was anticipated. At this time we were able to give an attendant to each bad case on the Hygeia in order to prevent as far as possible any accident occurring. It was noticeable that there was a greater tendency to heart failure in Asiatic patients than in Europeans. In this case also the delirium was low, muttering and stupid from the commencement-I much prefer a trace of violence with a tendency to argument, in which case the patient's vitality is generally considerable and there is not the rapid succumbing that is so often seen when the delirium partakes of the stupid dazed type. Note in this case the fall of four

221

•

222

degrees of temperature after two five-grain doses of phenacetin, one example of what I have noted elsewhere in this report that in a severe case when the temperature is affected readily to this extent by antipyretics it is not a favourable sigu. It shows, I think, that the circulatory system is in a condition where it cannot stand much depressing influence.

Case VII.--English. Et. 23.

This man was on the whitewashing party for twenty days before becoming ill. Felt sick with slight shivering on 8th June. On the 10th June admitted to the Hygeia, with vomiting, tempe- rature 105° F. no headache, small femoral bubo in left groin, yellow furred tongne, pulse full and bounding, but yet easily compressible.

JUNE, 1894.

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20

22 23 24 25 26

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99.

98-

www

Pulse

Resp.

Between the 10th and the 13th the bubo increased very much in size, having a boggy feeling and with a good deal of surrounding redness. It was also very painful. Treated by lead and opium the inflamatory appearance disappeared in four days. On the 21st the bubo was opened and there was a considerable amount of pus evacuatel. Treatment :--tepid sponging, quinine grs. v. three times a day. Bromide of potash grs. XL. and hydrate of chloral grs. xx. every night during the period of delirium with plenty of iced beer and usual nourishment. Discharged on the 27th July.

When examined in the beginning of December this patient is found to have very tumultuous action of the heart which is most irregular at times. There is no bruit to be discovered. The apex beat is just outside the nipple linc. The pulse is 122 when sitting at rest, and irregular. IIc appears

He very nervous and shaky. He frequently suffers from headache, but evidently of not so severe a character as his fellow soldiers. The spleen shows no enlargement. There is an occasional cramp of the muscles of the front of the left thigh, evidently due to some implication of the anterior crural nerve in the cicatrix. He frequently suffers from shortness of breath and palpitation, more especially when marching up a hill,

Remarks. This case was one which showed a great amount of after-change in the nervous mechanism of the vascular system and led one to suspect that the enervation of the heart had been permanently affected by the disease.

Case VIII.--Chinese. Et. 38.

Was admitted to the Government Civil Hospital on the evening of the 8th June, suffering from incised wound of the scalp about six inches long with severe hæmorrhage. The woman fainted whilst in the receiving room. The wound was caused by her falling down stairs. On the 9th she was very stupid but did not have the appearance or symptoms of a patient with compression or concussion of the brain. On the evening of the 9th plague was diagnosed and she was removed on the following morning to Kennedytown where she died the same evening from plague. It was remarkable how very few similar accidents occurred. Here there was no fracture of the vertex and

no sign of any fracture at the base of the skull.

The only thing that was remarked, when she was admitted, was the extreme difficulty in stopping the hæmorrhage and even after the wound had been. stitched up a considerable amount of oozing took place. Her stupid condition for the first twenty- four hours was attributed to the loss of blood, but as undoubted symptoms of plague developed on the evening of the 9th the falling down stairs, the fainting-fit and the copious hæmorrhage were all explained.

-1

Case IX.--Parsee. Et. 22.

JUNE, 1894.

11 12 13

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99-

98-

Pulse

Resp.

This chart is an exception to the rule as here it took four days at least for the temperature to reach the primary maximum. Such a long time was very rare indeed during the epidemic, almost every other case reaching the primary maximum within forty-eight hours.

Case X-Chinese. Æt. 28.

Admitted 17th June, 1894 with fever and vomiting during the previous twenty-four hours. Right femoral bubo, no headache.

JUNE, 1894.

JULY.

17 18 19 20: 21

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1 2 3

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99-

98-

223

224

On the 22nd, five days after her admissiou, a well marked lymphangitis was noticed on the dorsum of the right foot. A small sore between the first and second toes being noticed; this was not visible the day before. The lymphangitis rapidly spread, until it reached up to the femoral bubo. I never noticed a case of plague where lymphangitis preceded the bubo; several cases were sent in with lymphangitis supposed to be suffering from plague, but all of these were not cases of plague. Of course it is difficult to say that there was never lymphangitis before lymphadenitis and when the statement is made that lymphangitis, when it did occur, always followed the inflammation of the gland or glands, it is meant that no redness along the line of the lymphatics was apparent, no hardness was noticed, and no uneasiness or pain felt. The lymphangitis on the postero-internal part of the leg went on to suppuration with extensive sloughing extending from the level of the internal malleolus to the knee and required free incision. After a lengthened convalescence she was discharged on August 20th, repeated attacks of lymphangitis above the knee having occurred for two or three days at a time during that period.

JULY, 1894.

4 5 6

10 11

12 13.14

15 16 17 18 19 20

106-

105-

104-

103-1

102-

101-

100-

90-

98-

Case XI.-Indian. Et. 20.

Was admitted for observation on the 22nd June, having suffered for the previous twelve hours from headache which he thought was due to malarial fever and in consequence had treated himself with quinine. He was suspected of having plague by Dr. STEDMAN as he was an inmate of a house which had already supplied us with two patients. On the morning of the 23rd the following note was made.

"A right cervical (parotid) bubo appeared during last night and is now very large." During the course of the day the surrounding oedema became very great, extending almost right round the neck and swallowing was a matter of extreme difficulty. The breathing was also con- siderably embarrassed and he rapidly sauk dying at 8 a.m. on the 24th. His temperature chart is subjoined.* The fall in temperature was caused by phenacetin grs. viii and was another instance of a bad case, easily affected by antipyretics, rapidly proving fatal. The end was sudden, as after passing a motion in the bed pan he turned over and died.

Case XII--Jewess.

Et. 24.

Admitted at 8 p.m. on 30th June, with an cnlarged gland on the left side of the neck. (Temperature chart as follows.†) The history which we got of this case was as follows. On the 24th June, she first became ill "giddy and swimming in the head.” On the following morning she had a temperature of 105° F. She had quinine and phenacetin. On the evening of the 26th she had slight vomiting and pain in the chest and was prescribed a mixture of ascetate of ammonia, antipyrin and digitalis. On the 26th she was "very bad.” It seems that about the 21st June, she first began to pass blood in the urine and after that day blood was almost constantly present in the urine until admission. On the morning of the 30th the swelling on the left side of the neck is said to have com- menced. Menstruation finished on the 23rd and returned on the 27th for one day only. One year ago she bad a child, a well marked mitral bruit being present at the time of confinement.

On examination on the 1st July she complained of a general pain or soreness confined to the left half of the body. On palpation of the left kidney she complained of pain on pressure and mentioned that she had frequent attacks of pain there; no pain over the right kidney. There was some tenderness over the left ovary; there was a well marked regurgitant mitral bruit-no œdema of the lower extremities. The gums, lips and conjunctivæ blanched. No bacilli were found in the blood by KITASATO. No blood was now found in the urine, only a deposit of mucus. Diagnosis suspended. July 2nd complained of much pain in left hip shooting down the leg again. No bacilli found by KITASATO. Diagnosis "not plague." July 8th: deep fluctuation in the abscess of the neck; a small incision was made, but no pus was evacuated on account of the patient's violent behaviour. On July 10th chloroform was administered and pus evacuated from the centre of the glaud, a small drain-

Temperature chart has been lost since this was written, the fall mentioned was about 4° F. This chart has also gone amissing.

age tube being inserted. On this date KITASATO again failed to find bacilli in the blood. August 3rd the glands on the right side of the neck were slightly enlarged but these went down under lead and opium fomentatious. She was kept under observation in a separate ward by herself until August the 8th when she was discharge.

Remarks.--This was a difficult case for diagnosis. The case was sent in by three medical men as a case of plague. Surgeon PENNY who saw her first in hospital had doubts as to the correctness of this diagnosis and ou the following morning Dr. MOLYNEUX and myself saw her in consultation with him. The reasons why we thought it not a case of plague were absence of facies and anxiety generally met with, tongue clean, no cerebral symptoms such as she would be sure to have had after a week's illness if suffering from plague-in fact it was quite the reverse, she was perfectly clear in the head and rational. The pulse was also different from either of the types usually met with in the later stages of plague. The history of the case looked as if she had been suffering from renal colic whilst the enlargement of the gland was, I believe, a coincidence. Hysteria was also

well marked.

On the 9th July KITASATO also examined some of the discharge from the wound made in the gland and found no bacilli, but as iodoform had been applied freely the day before, no value can be attached to this observation. On the 10th, when under chloroform and the gland could be freely exposed, it had a totally different appearance from that of a plague-infected gland. Instead of being of a dark blue colour and soft in consistence it was yellow with an outside zone of hardness, which en- closed a cheesy purulent centre and while operating I thought that it must have been of somewhat longer duration than eleven days. Besides this the fact that frequent and careful examination of the blood by KITASATO proved negative further convinced us that the case was not one of plague.

Case XIII-English. Et. 23.

Admitted 2nd June with a temperature of 101° F. A right inguino-femoral bubo. Slight frontal headache. First became ill same morning. Temperature chart as follows:-

JUNE, 1894.

2 3 4

106-

6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99-

98-

Pulse

80 80

92 84

102 8+ 80 84 72

108 100 8+ $8 76

Resp.

During the 3rd of June his temperature was practically normal and led us to doubt the accuracy of diagnosis. No antipyretics had been administered. On the morning of the 4th, however, his temper- ature shot up to 104° F. and he rapidly became delirious. On the 5th his condition was much worse— pulse dierotic, and very delirious. Has not slept for three nights. Treatment now ice-bags to head and nape of neck, tepid sponging, quinine grs. x three times a day and at 9.30 p.m. he had grain morphia hypodermically, after which he slept most of the night. As will be seen from his temperature chart he rapidly improved and was discharged on the 27th July. The bubo suppurated and had to be opened about the 11th.

On being examined early in December it is found that he has never regained his lost weight and he is now over a stone lighter than he was before disease attacked him. There is some enlargement of the cardiac dulness, the apex beat being just outside the nipple line. He has slight enlargement of the spleen, but has suffered frequently from ague. He is often troubled by occipital headache which is occasionally severe; and has had, on several occasions, to fall out of parade. He is very nervous and apparently easily excited and to a medical eye is evidently not the same man physically that he was. His pulse, however, is not nearly so fast as No. VII's, varying between

90 and 96.

225

226

Remarks. As already mentioned, the temperature on the second day was somewhat peculiar and no other case during the epidemic showed a practically normal temperature for almost the second twenty-four hours of the disease. He was seen by Dr. HORDER. of Pakhoi on admission, who concurred in our diagnosis, and he was also somewhat surprised to note this temperature. Had we not seen this man on the 2nd when his temperature was 101° F. it is quite possible that this case might have been put down as one where the bubo was apparent forty-eight hours before the fever began. It is to be noted also that when the temperature again went up on the 4th, the onset of delirium was particularly rapid. The want of sleep during the first two nights, I think, was caused by the anxiety on the part of the patient which necessarily was present in every European case, and which was more than usually well marked in this man. The other soldiers who suffered from the disease were examined at the same time as the two Cases VII. and XIII. One suffered from occasional occipito-cervical pain and shortness of breath whilst another had a tumultuous action of the heart with irregular pulse and frequent vertical headache. The urine of all was normal, no albumen. Although these men were discharged from the Hygeia on the 27th July some of them had to remain a considerable time in the Military Hospital on account of the indolent character of the ulcers left after the buboes.

Case XIV.--Eurasian. Æt. 49.

On August 3rd some blood was sent for examination and as plague bacilli were found in it the patient was removed to Kennedytown. History :-Was at the Alice Memorial Branch nursing ou Saturday, 21st July. She has had fever for eight days. Temperature chart affixed.

Her tongue showed the typical advanced condition of plague. Dyspnoea was considerable and the pulse very feeble and slightly intermittent. There was no bubo to be seen. She complained of considerable abdominal pain about the umbilicus. She died the same evening.

JULY, 1894.

AUGUST.

27 28 29 30 31

3 4

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101

100

98-

Post mortem examination on the following morning was partial; the spleen was soft and slightly enlarged, there were no externally visible swollen glands in the femoral, axillary or cervical regions, but there was a considerably enlarged and congested mesenteric gland almost directly situated at the seat of pain; in addition there were several other glands which were enlarged but not to such a considerable extent as the one before mentioned. There were no hemorrhages in the abdomen. Bacilli were numerous in the glands and spleen. There was no inflammation of the intestines or stomach and no hæmorrhages on the mucous surface of the latter organ.

Case XV--Chinese. Et. 21.

Was admitted on August 7th. This patient was sent by Surgeon-Major JAMES from the Tung Wah Hospital. On arriving at the Government Civil Hospital for bacteriological examination of the blood, he had a convulsion. Bacilli were found in the blood, so he was sent down to Kennedy- town. He had never had fits before. Had been sick for three days. On examination it was found that he protruded the tongue to the left side-the left leg and left arm were paralysed; pupils equal; left side of palate also paralysed; the left facial nerve apparently not affected. After the convulsions he was immediately conscious, and before they occurred he could sometimes tell that they were coming on. During the last two days he has had numerous fits. There was no involuntary urination. "He says a fit is now coming on and he thinks so because of a feeling in his chest. During the fit, the eyes are turned to the left. The muscles of the paralysed left limbs jerk somewhat but not enough to raise the limbs off the bed as they do on the opposite and sound side. The mouth is drawn over to the left side and the head jerks over to the left side also. During the fit the pulse is rather weak and remains so for a short time after." On the 8th the paralysis of the previous day had become only

There was slight

paresis and the tongue when protruded did not come out so much to the left. paresis of the left facial nerve on this date and the fits were not nearly so frequent. 9th August: bad only one fit during the night and one during the morning up to noon. He now lies all the time with an india rubber ring to bite or insert between his teeth. He had a large number of short fits on the morning of the 10th, but they were of much shorter duration--the longest only lasting for about half a minute. The grasp in the left hand was now fairly good, but could not perform fine movements with his fingers. These short fits gradually diminished in number and on the 16th it was noted that they are confined to irritation of the leg muscles. He was now very drowsy; this was ascribed to the amount of bromide of potash that he was then having, grs. xxx. four times a day. On the 26th it was noted that there had been no twitchings of the leg muscles for about four days, and the patellar reflexes were somewhat exaggerated. There was no álbumen at any time in the urine--he never had a fit before his attack of plague and never had one after 26th of August until the day of his discharge. Remarks:-Any diagnosis in this case is difficult to make; evidently a unilateral lesion was present, but its exact location is doubtful. With the experience of Case XVII in mind it is quite possible there was no hæmorrhage. Here the man's cerebral condition between fits was good, while Case XVII was unconscious all the time, and I do not think there were enough symptoms On several of meningitis to say that it was severe enough to account for the above condition. occasions the convulsion distinctly commenced in the left thumb and my opinion at the time was that a small hemorrhage was present in the region of the "arm" centre at the upper part of the right fissure of Rolando, but I am afraid now this would not explain all the symptoms.

227

Case XVI-Japanese. Et. 23.

Admitted 15th August, 1894, with slight dyspucea, headache, furred tongue, slight pain in the left femoral region and tenderness on pressure. Has had fever for some days. The glands in the left femoral region are slightly enlarged. Temperature chart. Bacilli were found in blood by Dr. TAKAKI on the day of admission. On the 18th a number of roseolar spots appeared over the upper part of the abdomen and chest, with gurgling and tenderness in the right iliac region. The bowels were constipated but stool was very light yellow, and the patient kept on fluid nourishment as typhoid was suspected in addition. On the 19th was seen by Professor AOYAMA who also said typhoid." On the 20th again plague bacilli were found in the blood. There were several crops of spots. The patient was discharged well on the 11th October.

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100-1

AUGUST, 1894.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

90-

98-

Remarks.--The only result we could come to in this case was that it was one of mixed infection, typhoid and plague. Typhoid is one of the most likely diseases to be mistaken for plague, when no history can be got from the patient. Patients brought in by the search parties often could not give us any assistance and in this case we were all the more cautious as on one previous occasion a diagnosis of plague was made when post mortem examination showed the disease from which the patient had suffered was typhoid but this was before the bacteriology of the disease was properly known.

228

50.

Case XVII--Chinese. Et. 6.

Admitted 1st August, 1894, at 4 a. m. with convulsion, and temperature of 105° F. On admission had grs. iv. of phenacetin. I was called to see her at 8 a.m. and found her comatose with a temperature of 108.8° F. Recognized her as an out-patient seen two days before, who had com-. plained of slight fever with a few blotches of what I took to be urticaria on her face, and for which small doses of quinine and magnesia were ordered. She was immediately put into a cold bath (75° F. at that time of year) which was cooled down to 55° F. by the use of ice. When the temperature had come down, on examination it was found that the right pupil was dilated and there was internal strabismus of the left eye. The head was turned over to the right side all the time. On pressure in the left groin, the left leg was drawn up slightly but as the child was unconscious nothing else could be elicited. As there was the possibility that it was a case of plague, the blood was examined by Dr. TAKAKI as well as myself without definite result ;--but on some blood being withdrawn from the spleen by a hypodermic syringe numerous bacilli were found. A hæmorrhage in the brain was diagnosed but its situation could not be fixed. The child remained unconscious all day in almost the same condition, never moving at all, and died at 8.40 p.m.

AUGUST, 1894.

109-

108-

107-

106-

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100-

99-

98-

97-

Pulse

Resp.

The post mortem examination was made the following morning. The left femoral region was first cut down on through about half an inch of fat, and a solitary dark blue enlarged gland about the size of a cracknut was found. There were no glands enlarged in the right femoral region. There were numerous mesenteric glands inflamed and slightly enlarged: the spleen enlarged and follicles swollen. The meninges were intensely congested as was also the superficial brain matter in proximity, especially the Pons Varɔlii and Medulla. No hæmorrhage was found after exceedingly careful examination.

Case XVIII.--Chinese. ¿Et, 53:

This was the

Admitted 12th May, 1894. Died on the 13th after having been five days sick. first case we saw which had a hemorrhagic bleb. The bubo was in the right femoral region and the bleb was situated on the outer side of the right ankle. It was about the size of a dollar and the epidermis rose gradually over the sanguineum fluid until the swelling seemed to have a height of about half an inch. From the time of his admission until the time of his death twenty-eight hours

later this did not increase in area, unfortunately we were not able to find out how long it had been in existence. There were no blebs on any other part of the body. The bleb when pricked a few hours before death showed a base similar in appearance to that seen in the vesicles of moist spreading gangrene. Another case admitted on same date, aged 42, presented two blebs on the right arm, which developed on the 14th May, and were of the same character. This man died the morning following their appearance.

Case XIX.--Chinese. Et. 15.

Was admitted on the 12th May with fever and delirium. On the 14th buboes developed in the cervical region left groin and left axilla, all of which soon became very painful. On the 15th hæmatemesis occurred. On the 24th numerous abscesses, evidently pyæmie in character had developed in the right side and numerous situations on the head and neck. This man had also most severe diarrhoea. This was the first case we had where pyæmic symptoms were well developed.

MAY, 1894.

12 13

15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

106-

105-

101-

103-

102-

101

100-

99+

98.

106-

105.

104-

103-

102-

101

100-

99.

98.

JUNE, 1894.

៩.

6 7 8 9 10 11

أمام

•

13 14 15 16 17

229

230

Case XX-Chinese. Æt. 20.

Admitted 12th May, 1894. This was a case where the respiration was very hurried before death. On the 13th May his temperature was 105° F. His pulse was 112. His respirations were 66, cyanosis extreme, his face being perfectly livid. He died on the 14th May. A short time before death with respirations 82 and pulse imperceptible. When the respirations go above 40 without well marked lung conditions to cause greater rapidity of respiration, then generally expect death.

Case XXI--Chinese. Et. 17.

Admitted 12th May, 1894, to the Government Civil Hospital with the diagnosis malarial fever. Treatment: antipyrin grs. x. every three hours if temperature above 103° F. and quinine grs. x. three times a day. On the 18th May although no bubo was apparent the case was diagnosed plague and he was removed to the Hygeia and on the following morning a cervical bubo appeared. The following was the temperature chart:--

106-

105-

101--

103-

102-

MAY, 1894.

101-

100-

99-

98-

126

112

100

118

112

116

114

Pulse

128

120

114

112

118

130

132

Resp.

MAY, 1894.

21- 22

24 25

106-

105-

104-

103-

102

101-

100-

99-

98-

and shows another case with a long period of pyrexia, but in this case, different from case No. XXIV, there was no lung complication. It will be noticed that the large doses of antipyrin given brought his temperature down almost six degrees in twenty-four hours, but at this stage he was very collapsed, and stimulants were ordered freely. Thinking over the case later, this collapse ought to have put one on the lookout for plague, as I have never seen a case of malarial fever collapse with the same amount of antipyrin; the doses given were, of course, very serious doses for a man suffering from plague. The bubo here did not appear for a week and immediately it did appear the inau's condition became worse.

Case XXII.-Chinese. Et. 24. F.

MAY, 1894.

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

106-

1054

104-

103-4

102-

101-

100-1

99-

98-

Admitted 14th May, 1894, with well marked plague.. On the way to hospital had vomited a considerable quantity of blood. Notwithstanding this the pulse was still full, though rapid. On the 15th she had hemorrhage from the gums. On the 16th she had more hæmorrhage from the gums and considerable hæmorrhage from the vagina. The breath was most offensive, having a smell like that of a patient seized with hemorrhage from a gangrenous lung. This patient had petechia on the arms and face and curious to relate, on the 24th May, extensive desquamation of the skin in several parts of the body was evident, but I do not think that this can be put down as a result of the plague. This woman's skin was always dry and rough, in addition to being very dirty when she came into hospital, and I have seen many similar cases in Chinese which I can only describe as dirt desquamation. No special treatment for the hæmorrhage was given. The delirium. in this case was very slight and it is just possible that this to some extent is accounted for by the considerable amount of blood which she lost. She was discharged cured.

Case XXIII. -Chinese.

Admitted on 16th May died on the 19th. The temperature after death rose to 108° F. the end being very rapid, and this was the nearest approach to death by hyperpyrexia that I saw during the .epidemic.

Admitted 19th May, 1894.

Case XXIV.--Chinese. Et. 18.

Showed the following temperature chart. He died on the 31st May. This was a long period of pyrexia, complicated by boils (pyæmic abscesses) appearing on the 20th, and hæmoptysis on the 26th with considerable consolidation of the left lung. In this case I consider that the pyrexia in the later stages was due to the pneumonic condition--probably pyæmic abscess of lung.

17 18 19

20 21

106-

105-

MAY, 1894.

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

104-

103-

102-

101-

་་་་་་་་་

100-

99-

98-

231

232

Case XXV.--Chinese. Æt. 14,

Admitted 19th May, 1894. Showed the following temperature chart. In the first instance had a right axillary bubo and the notable point in her history was that on the 2nd June, fresh buboes in the right groin and left neck appeared which increased to a very considerable size and which in addition to the primary one suppurated.

MAY.

106

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

JUNE, 1894.

1 2 3 4

105-

104-

103-

102-

101-

100+

98.

Case XXVI.--English. Et. 45.

Admitted to Civil Hospital 31st May, temperature 104° F. rising to 105° F. in the evening. Right axilliary bubo with very great surrounding edema developed during the night; removed to Hygeia in the morning. This was a very alcoholic subject who had been". on the beach for some time and who was an almost hopeless case whenever delirium set in. He died suddenly at 3 a.m. on June 5th after using the bed pan. There were many enquiries as to how this man became affected and doubts as to the correctness of diagnosis were freely expressed by people who did not know that he had been wandering about the slums of Taipingshan for the previous fortnight.

Case XXVII--English. t. 24.

Admitted 29th June, 1894. Sent in as a case of plague. Was found suffering from well marked lymphangitis and erythema of right leg, irritative bubo in right groin, temperature 102° F. Had been diagnosed on seeing bubo as plague. However, he had in addition a dirty foul ulcer on the dorsum of the foot which evidently was the cause of the above condition. He had none of the well marked symptoms of plague beyond "a bubo," and no bacilli were found in the blood or in the bubo. He had been a chronic alcoholic for some time. Under suitable treatment he got well in a few days.

Remarks.--This was one case of several sent in as plague, where evidently the practitioner sending them to Hospital either made a mistake or did not take sufficient time to make a careful examination, which was all the more necessary at that time as the moral effect of the announcement of "another European case of plague" was not reassuring to many European residents who were unable to get reliable information.

A CHINESE VIEW OF THE PLAGUE.

The following translation from a Chinese publication gives the latest theories and treatment of the plague, and as it is a peculiar document I give it in full. The translation has been kindly supplied by Mr. J. DYER BALL. It should be noticed that the author lays great stress on what one might term the "disinfection of the family well," I am convinced with a considerable amount of reason. Although the various wells through the City of Victoria are much better built than some of those I have seen in other Chinese places, and in the foregoing report I have given a guarded opinion as to the question of their pollution in Hongkong, still I feel pretty certain that in Canton these wells had a good deal to do with the propaga- tion of the Epidemic. The treatment recommended closely resembles what I saw in the Chinese Hospitals here and represents the most advanced views of Chinese Medicine.

Notification by Planchette by the God of War of precious instructions to rescue the world—a harmless remedy to drive away the plague. Do not consider the words as too many. It is urgently requested of you that you must carefully read this and reverence paper with characters on it.

Whereas we have heard that calamities are caused by atmospheric influences and destiny-Good deeds can cause an avoidance of them. The terrific plague has recently been prevalent; it depresses the hearts and is painful to the sight. Although already people of the whole place distribute prescriptions and medicines free, and offer up all manner of prayers to avert the calamity, which means are the best that men can devise as preventives, yet the noxious influences have not been swept away. The reason of this failure is because the people have not done all the good deeds that they should to move Heaven and gain its approval.

It so happened that the gentlemen of the Society for Offering up Good Deeds, who had been eye-witnesses of the existing calamity, on the night of the 5th day of the 3rd moon, fasted and bathed their persons and reverently invited the gods to proclaim by Planchette a cure for the plague, to help the world. By good luck they were favoured by the presence of Kwan Tai (the God of War) who descended from heaven to put his hand to the pen (of the Planchette) to write out his instructions which are more than a timely warning.

Really this god has an ardent desire to awaken the sleeping world and to instruct the people !

Should we not earnestly reform betimes?

With respect we record below the words of the Planchette in full:-

[This is followed by three sets of scribblings representing the markings of the planchette. The first is not like any writing at all, and no translation of its import is given. From what follows it is evidently intended to represent the halberd of the god. "Revelations by Planchette" Nos. 2 and 3 have, however, renderings of their meaning given as below. They are somewhat like writing.]

Revelation by Planchette No. 2 :--

The seal of Kwan So-and-So, Assistant Superintendent of the Depart-

ment governing Pestilences.

Revelation by Planchette No. 3:

Honesty, Bravery, Intelligence.

The unworthy know their unworthiness themselves.

Revelation by Planchette No. 4:—

I am the Great Han (dynasty) Kwan So-and-So.

I inform you who seek for medicine.

If worshippers ask concerning the things of the present,

You must know that the year has arrived at such a stage as not to be

peaceful;

And moreover near the city is a coal mine,

And irritating poison has collected for a long time and is very powerful. You at ordinary times are wicked and rude.

233

234

In times of distress repent before the Buddhas and chant liturgies. It is difficult to escape from destiny.

Although there are charms and medicines, how can they be effectual? You say that Canton suffers from this plague;

But I tell you that Shantung and Shansai will be more in danger. There have already been warnings in Kingchow and Chihli. Why have you not yet repented of

Fate now makes no mistake.

your sins?

Firstly, men die because their destined existence ends.

Secondly, because they are punished for their secret iniquities.

The deaths now occurring only amount to ten or twenty per cent. of the

number destined to die.

The time is not yet up for the termination of this calamity.

Strictly speaking I should not divulge what heaven has designed; But with a view to protect children and sympathize with mankind, There is nothing like carrying out an advice of mine.

(If you do so) I shall myself attend to the matter.

See how I acted in my previous engagements:

On all sides the devils feared and the gods reverenced me.

I entreat those who have no righteous thoughts, who slaughter animals

as offerings to gods,

Who spend much on joss paper, incense and candles-

Can these deliver you from illnesses and prolong your lives?

Repent of your sins before me betimes,

Swearing before heaven that you will do so.

Who is not aware of my bravery and propitiousness?

You should neither secretly nor openly deceive your fellow-creatures.

Vow that you will perform a charitable deed.

And thus establish a proof of your contrition which is not of small value;

Or show some evidence by founding charitable institutions;

Or read my liturgy and follow to the letter the instructions therein

contained,

And when you have shown sufficiently that you have not deceived me,

Kwan,

If you read my liturgy for ten days, you will be heard.

I, Kwan, shall appear then in person.

You will then believe that I am to be revered and am propitious.

Revelation by Planchette No. 5:—

I, Kwan, was formerly favoured by the Emperor of the Ta Tsing (the present) dynasty by having conferred upon me certain additional titles (these are) Inspector of all the Buddhas and all the Gods, Superintendent of the host of Genii and other Demi-gods, Dispensor of Elixirs and Permits of Longevity (and Governor) of the Dark Land which causes death, and Overseer of Matters connected with the Buddha, K'e Lam. To which was added the title of Celestial Excellency. Again, thanks to the Gemmeous Ruler, Who, appre- ciating me for my loyalty, faithfulness and uprightness, allowed all important matters directed by him in connection with heaven to be passed by me before being put into force.

On the 24th day of the third moon, I went to the Tin Ts'ai Kwún to offer congratulations on his birthday, and to deliberate concerning the important matters of life and death of the human race. Mounting back to the three heavenly gates I happened just to meet the two Gods of Fire and Wind and the Star of Gold, Venus, holding the Imperial Decree, descending from heaven to mortal abodes in great haste. I stopped them and asked them concerning their mission. From them I learned that Heaven was exasperated and said that the world was overcrowded with people and had been for a long time increasingly harbouring wicked men; that even a small child of three feet in height was also full of evil deeds. Heaven had ordered Venus to go to the Palace of the Sea Dragon (Neptune) on a certain day of a certain moon to again cause floods in the rivers, to make the winds and the waters come into conflict, and the fire and the pestilence to burst out, which were to scourge and destroy more than one half of the population as a manifestation of the endless permutations of the creative power. I hurriedly stopped them and ran up to the Palace of Heaven in haste, and with a distressed heart memorialized the Gemmeous Ruler, praying that he (the Ruler) would bear in mind the virtue of

having consideration for human life. Now, thanks to the Gemmeous Ruler, who revoked two of his decrees, has limited the time for destruction to half a year.

In every city or town, should there have been the number of five thousand families who had repented and showed true evidence of reformation, the Inspectors of Human Merits and Demerits on duty were to be directed to memorialize (in favour of them) to the Heavenly Throne. Whereupon the Heavenly Throne ordered me, Kwan, to superintend matters connected with the Board of Pestilential Visitations, and to immediately despatch one hundred Inspectors of Merits and Demerits to each province, and one thousand spirits of the defunct virtuous and upright Government Officials and demons of the night, whose duty it should be to go amongst the human race to examine their deeds. So now we have devils and men in company with each other. Is it possible for you men of flesh to be aware of this? But demons of pestilence do not enter the doors of those who are filial to their parents and true to their friends, and you need not be alarmed if you are (such).

I hope you unworthy creatures will remember the report made by me, Kwan, interceding on your behalf and my deepest sympathy for you. You should also remember my ardent desire in making these revelations by Planchette. Doɔ not say that the calamity is now all over and that there is no danger. Of course, I have no right to reveal the secrets of Heaven without any reason; but I have been compelled to reveal them. Hence I have done so. I am apprehensive that one manuscript of any revelations would not induce people to carry out my intentions, thus frustrating the object of my urgent petition. Should any one be found presuming to blaspheme concerning these instructions of mine, then small offenders of this kind shall be consumed by the fire of pestilence; and as for the great offenders I shall order my orderly Chow Chong to put them to death with the halberd, which they are not to resent. Now as 1, Kwan, am the Assistant Su- perintendent of the Board of Pestilence people cannot escape from this calamity without my assistance. I, Kwan, am an upright and just god and am not such a god as those who covet animals offered in sacrifice and worship. This being so, are my instructions to be trifled with? If you really crave my protection, let the rich subscribe their names to benevolent institutions. When I find there is any evidence of this being done, I shall be satisfied that they are sincere and true. Let those who are poor, recite my liturgy. If I find that their hearts are in accord with my liturgy, I shall be satisfied that they are sincere and true.

Should women be unable to read my liturgy, let them each morning and night burn some sticks of incense, and pray aloud, which will move me; but nonc except those who are loyal and filial, honest and virtuous, should read my liturgy. This is important. But as to those who were formerly wicked and cruel but now have become filial and faithful to friends, those who used false weights and measures and who have become honest and upright and in general have changed from all their former evil deeds, it is not too late for these classes to repent. If

you are really sincere and will not deceive me, Kwan, you should swear before me and sketch out my precious halberd after the pattern given here, inserting in it the thirty-six circles which will serve as evidence of your sincerity.

Below it write the characters, "Assistant Superintendent of the Department governing Pestilences, the seal of Kwan So-and-So." These ten characters, together with the picture of the halberd, posted before the door of the house will prevent the demons of plague from disturbing you; but, on the other hand, if you, having not sworn before me and promised repentance, should have posted up my name without my authority, you shall not be treated with leniency, should this. your conduct, be reported to me by the Inspectors of Merits and Demerits. After your repentance you should immediately take the medicines I shall herein pre- scribe. In addition to so doing, burn some water purifying charms in your family wells and also throw into them some garlic and some kwún chung (medicine). This is a precaution against plagne because the water (in the family wells) is becoming colder and poisonous in the plague season, to which has been added the filthy flaid from the bodies of the dead rats which has percolated into them from the drains.

Without taking the above precautions nothing will be of avail in warding off the plague. Should there be any buboes on bodies of the sick, get some sharp pointed itching taro and rub it well on the chest and back and the joints of the bones. But as there are so many forms of diseases it is not easy for common

235

236

doctors to detect the symptoms of this disease. When the disease begins, more generally the head is giddy and it is accompanied with fever and cold at intervals, the mouth has a difficulty in articulating. If buboes appear on the skin with eruptions lined with red lines, use a silver needle to prick them, that the poisonous blood may ooze out; but if the dark poisonous blood has extended its attack to the heart the disease is highly dangerous, in which case get some sharp pointed. itching taro and boil it with water in a clean saucepan till the water becomes thick with it. It (the water) should then be taken internally. This will dissipate the dark poisonous blood.

I, Kwan, for this special purpose have here given these my revelations (by Planchette), my ardent and real desire being to look after the country and relieve the people.

Do not compare these my instructions to false words, then I shall feel honoured. If any person distributes twenty copies of this, he will save himself, and, if two hundred copies, his whole family.

Take two mace each of (1) Kwún Chung, Ngau Pong Tsz (47), Shán Chí Tsz (†), Forsythia suspensa (Lín Kiú), Kwai shan (), Libanotis (Fong Fung), China root from Yunnan (Wan Ling); Liquorice-root ( Kam Ts'o) one mace; half a

mace each of Atractylodes Chinensis or Rubra (Ts'ong Shut), Sz Ch'ün Justicia [or possibly contice] (Chun Lín), Areca Catechu (Pan Long), putchuk (★ Muk Heung); four mace of Cypress Pin Pak); three mace each of magnolia hypoleuca (Hau Pok), midsummer root [prepared from two or three Aroid plants] (Fát Há); five mace each of Evonymus Vieboldianus (?) (Wai Mau), roots of rushes (?) [phragmites (?)] (Lò Kan).

Should fever come on and buboes appear, boil the above medicines in water and take (the water) internally. In this illness sometimes there is a kind of evil wind enters into the chest. This wind will prevent the sufferer from swallowing and make him throw up any medicine he has taken. (If this is the case) first get one candarin weight of Tung Kwán powder and blow into the nostrils. For simultaneous purging and vomiting and cramp; for convulsions of infants, purging and vomiting where cooling medicines do no good with slight fever in the after- noon which is light during the day and heavy at night, with the eyes turning up: for these two ailments take away from the prescription the Ngau l'ong Tsz and Shán Chí Tsz, but boil the Yunnan China root and the Cypress, the Wai Mau and Lò with two mace each of Ts'ong Shut (Atractylodes Chinensis or Rubra) and Fok Heung (), and one inace of cloves and take the water internally.

As regards those who are really sincere and faithful and suffering from diseases (other than those mentioned here) for curing which different diseases the above medicines are not the proper remedies, I will personally go to their houses to treat them.

I will not retract these words. I expressly give these revelations with the pen of the Planchette.

Printed by NORONHA & CO., Printers to the Hongkong Government, Nos. 5, 7 & 9, Zetland Street, Hongkong.

心

HONGKONG.

REPORT SHEWING PROGRESS OF SPECIAL WORK CARRIED OUT FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE FURTHER SPREAD OF BUBONIC PLAGUE,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

SANITARY Board, HONGKONG 21st October, 1895.

SIR,--Referring to our report dated the 7th of June (Government Notification No. 276 of 1895) we have now the honour to submit, for the information of the Board, the following further particulars of the progress of the special work entrusted to our joint directions.

HOUSE TO HOUSE VISITATION.

2. On the 1st of June the original detachment, consisting of 24 Police and 15 soldiers told off for this service, was reduced to 27 men working in three sections. Each section consisted of 4 soldiers, including 1 non-commissioned officer, and 4 Chinese constables in charge of an European Police constable. On the 15th of June the services of two of the sections were dispensed with, and to the remaining section was allotted the duty of visiting houses in the worst part of the City in the morning and in the afternoon of noting the destination of the passengers arriving by the Canton steamers. This section continued to discharge these duties until the end of July when the services of the Police and Military were discontinued.

3. The night steamers from Canton have been regularly watched by a detachment of Police in charge of Detective Inspector QUINCEY.

4. In appendix A will be found a statement of the number of houses inspected and of the number of passengers tracked to their destination. In all 15,147 inspections of houses have been made and 6,006, passengers from Canton followed to their destination after leaving the steamers.

5. It is gratifying to be able to report that the attitude of the public during the examination of houses by the search parties has been friendly throughout and that the conduct of those engaged on the ervice has been good. Although none of the house visitation parties discovered any cases of plague, we are of opinion that the surprise visits made from time to time in various parts of the City have had a salutary effect in securing the prompt removal of the sick either to hospital or to places outside the Colony.

THE BUBONIC PLAGUE.

6. At the date of our last report only 5 cases of bubonic plague were known to have occurred since the day on which the first case was reported. After an interval of more than a month, viz., on the 14th June Le disease re-appeared in Holland Street, Kennedy Town-two cases from No. 9 and 1 from a matshed situated on private property at the south end of the lane. On the following day (the 15th) 4 cases occurred in a room on the first floor of No. 10, Heung Lane, in the Sheung Wan District, and a further ase from the adjoining house, viz., No. 12 was reported the next day (16th). Particulars of these cases as well as those that occurred subsequently will be found in appendix B to this report. Me: 7.

7. Five persons from No. 10 and one from No. 12, Heung Lane-the rest of the inmates having escaped before the Police arrived to take charge of the houses-were placed under observation in one of the "marriage boats," or native marine hotels, specially chartered for this service and anchored at the back of Stone Cutter's Island.

8. Five cases having occurred within two days in these two houses alone, it was decided at 3 p.m. on the 17th, after a close inspection of the other houses in this part of the lane, and on a joint certificate by the Acting Medical Officer of Health and the Assistant Superintendent of the Civil Hospital, to remove the occupants of the next two houses, viz., Nos. 14 and 16 until such time as the premises could be satisfactorily disinfected and cleansed. The majority accordingly proceeded to Canton the same evening, having declined the proffered accommodation afloat; the rest were housed in one of the marriage boats.

9. On the 17th of June at 10 p.m. a man suffering from plague entered the Tung Wah Hospital and stated that he had been living in No. 10, Heung Lane, having left the house before the arrival of the Police. He was unable to give a clear account of his movements during the interval.

10. Two cases of plague developed among those segregated from Nos. 10 and 12, Heung Lane, viz., one from No. 10 (on the 18th) and one from No. 12 (on the 20th). Altogether eight cases of plague occurred in these two houses in Heung Lanc.

11. The other cases do not call for any special remarks beyond those stated in the body and at the foot of the schedule. Not a single case has been reported since the 16th ultimo.

12. With regard to the segregating of persons found in infected premises it has been the practice in all cases to allow them the option of proceeding to Canton or of being housed in one of the marriag boats. In the majority of instances the former alternative has been readily accepted, only 21 person being provided with accommodation afloat. On the 26th June the last batch was released.

DISINFECTION OF HOUSES.

13. In respect of the disinfection of houses in which cases of bubonic plague have occurred provisions of Bye-law No. 25, made under section 13 of Ordinance 15 of 1894, have been rigidly enforced, and every article destroyed that could not be satisfactorily disinfected. In the case of the houses in Heung Lane, after fumigation with sulphur and clearing out all the moveable contents, the floors, walls and ceilings were thoroughly saturated with the acid solution of perchloride of mercury as recommended in a Memorandum of the 26th August, 1892, by Dr. R. THORNE THORNE of the Medical Department of the Local Government Board.

14. It will be observed that most of the cases of bubonic plague occurred in No. 6 Health District Mr. HORE, the District Inspector, is deserving of praise for the painstaking way in which he discharged a trying and, to say the least, disagreeable duty.

LATRINE DISINFECTION.

15. The addition of Chlorinated Lime to the night-soil in public latrines, which had been discontinued at the end of May, was resumed in the case of the Heung Lane Latrine on the outbreak of bubonic plague in that locality and maintained until all danger of a further development of the disease in the vicinity had disappeared. For failing to comply with the Board's order in this matter and for a breach of one of the latrine bye-laws the keeper was fined $50 by the presiding Magistrate.

MEZZANINE FLOORS AND CUBICLES.

16. The work involved in enforcing compliance with the provisions of sections 7 and 8 of Ordinance 15 of 1894, the controlling of which had been delegated to us as a Select Committee of the Board, made satisfactory progress in the case of the worst class of houses in the City especially in districts Nos. 7 and 8, at the West, and Nos. 1 and 2 at the East end of the city. As, however, the Inspectors in charge of the Central Districts of the city proceeded it became evident that in granting permission for the retention of cocklofts in rooms partitioned into separate compartments the practice hitherto followed of dealing with each case on its merits could not be successfully pursued, and that clearly defined conditions applicable to all cases should be drawn up for the guidance of the Executive.

17. The question as to whether the owner or occupier should be held responsible for complying with the law was also fully considered. In many cases the cocklofts are the property of the tenants; in others they belong to the owner. The Committee therefore decided to adopt the plan that had been found to work so well in the case of the illegal occupation of basements, viz., of serving the notice on both the owner and occupier. The notice on the occupier specified in schedule C to our last report was therefore discontinued and a new form, after meeting with the approval of the Attorney General adopted, (appendix C).

18. The conditions drawn up by the Committee on the subject of cocklofts in buildings erected before and after the passing of The Closed Houses and Insanitary Dwellings Ordinance (15 of 1894) which, after submission to and approval by the full Board, were published in the Government Gazette and in the English and Chinese newspapers, will be found embodied in the notifications included in appendix D.

19. Up to date, notices with copies of the Board's conditions attached, to comply with the provisions of sub-section 1 of section 7 and sub-section b of section 8, have been served on the owners and occupiers in the case of 433 cocklofts and cubicles. So far this change of tactics has met with the best results, and it is confidently hoped that within six months all illegal cocklofts will have been

removed.

BASEMENTS.

20. A complete list of the basements illegally occupied on the 1st of April, and on the owners and occupiers of which notices have been served, will be found in appendix E. The return does not include the very large number of basements in No. 7 District which were closed during the epidemic of plague last year and which are among the worst in the whole City. Great credit is due to Acting Inspector MACEWEN for the energy he has displayed in preventing their re-occupation as dwellings.

21. Under our joint personal supervision the whole of the basements in districts Nos. 4, 5 and 6, have been inspected at night. In all 244 inspections have been made before, and 140 after, midnight

The District Inspectors, Messrs. BURNETT, REIDIE and HORE, are doing their utmost to prevent their now illegal occupation.

PERMITS FOR COCKLOFTS AND BASEMENTS.

22. In a memo. dated the 9th of July (appendix F) the Committee referred for the consideration of the full Board the question as to whether permits for the retention of cocklofts, under section and for the occupation of basements under section 6, should be granted to the owner or occupier.

occupier. We are of opinion that the fullest publicity should be given to the fact that the Board has unanimously decided to grant such permits to the landlord only.

GENERAL REMARKS.

23. Although it may appear somewhat hazardous in the case of a disease like the bubonic plague, as the origin and spread of which so little is known, we think it probable that the Colony has now seen he last of the disease in 1895. The widespread fear that the outbreak in Heung Lane was but the ginning of a formidable epidemic has happily not been realised. Twenty-six cases are known to have curred; all died. If the particulars specified in appendix B are closely examined it will be found that among the later cases the disease showed no signs of abatement in point of virulence. The experience of this year would seem to demonstrate that the disease was nipped in the bud, and an epidemic averted by the prompt removal and segregation of the inmates and the disinfection and cleansing of the infected premises.

The drastic measures it was deemed necessary to adopt were fully justified by the nature

and the circumstances attending the outbreak.

24. The question here very naturally arises what are the prospects of a recurrence of the disease in the early spring of next year? A vast improvement in the sanitary condition of the Colony has unquestionably been effected during the last 12 months, but much still remains to be done. In our opinion no measure of sanitary reform calls for more prompt and vigorous action than that of clearing away the obstructions in back-yards and in the back parts of premises so as to provide a suitable and adequate area for the admission of light and air. This has been done already in many houses in the City. In Ileung Lane the sanitary character of the houses, in which cases of plague originated, has heen completely changed by this simple and by no means costly structural alteration. We submit that no consideration of Departmental economy should be allowed to interfere with the early carrying

ut of this most desirable reform.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servants,

WM. C. H. HASTINGS, Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

W. EDWARD CROW,

Assistant Secrctury and Superintendent.

Appendix A.

Number of inspections of houses made by 3 sections (A, B and C) of Police and Soldiers from 1st to 15th June.

Section.

Nos. of Health Districts.

Strength of party. Lodging houses. Tenement houses.

Total.

حلم

1, 2 and 4

419

2,025

2,644

763

1,257

2,020

6, 7 and 8

2,957

532

3,489

Grand Total,...

4,139

4,014

8,153

Number of inspections of houses made by one section of Police and Soldiers from the 16th June to the 31st July.

Period.

Nos. of Health Districts.

Strength of party. Lodging houses. Tenement houses.

Total.

16th to 30th June

6, 7 and 8

1st to 31st July

various

695

1,442

2,077

874

4,043

4,917

Grand Total,.....

1,509

5,485

6,994

Number of passengers arriving from Canton watched to their destination by one Section (B) of Police and Soldiers.

Period,

No. of

passengers,

June 1st to 15th.

June 16th to 30th.

July 1st to 31st.

1,451

1,414

3,141

Total.

6,006

W. EDWARD Crow,

毋

Soreturn and Superintend

དངས་པ། ། ་ ོ

Appendix B.

CASES OF BUBONIC PLAGUE REPORTED DURING 1895.

8,153

1st July.

Total.

the infected mic averted

experience

> found that

wn to have

vas but the

is now seen

c plague, as

the nature

Appendix B.

CASES OF BUBONIC PLAGUE REPORTED DURING 1805.

Date

No. of

5. of

ise.

Occurrence.

Health

District.

28th April,

29th

6th May,

Oth

14th June,

14th

15th

}}

15th

16th

17th

15 18th

20th

24th

30th

10 C2 COCO 1 00 00 00 00 ❤❤ÛÛÛÜÜÜÜ

2, Pound Lane,

Do.,

10, Heung Lane,

Residence of Patient previous to Discovery, Treatment or Segregation.

91, Praya Central,.. 27, Stone Nullah Lane, 79, Queen's Road West,

4, Wing Lok Street,.......(a) |

9, Holland Street, ......

Matshed above Holland Street,..

Do.,

12, Heung Lane,

Floor.

Name.

Sex.

Age.

Date and Hour of Admission into Tung Wa Hospital.

Date and Hour of

Admission

into Kennedy Town Hospital.

Date and Hour

Death.

First,

Sam Shu Wai,

Male,

28th April,

9 p.m.

Lai Tui, . . .

....

Female,

29th "

1 p.m.

29th April, 4.30 p.m.

29th April, 29th

5 p.m.

8.40 p.m.

Lau Yam,

Male,

Unknown 29th

3 p.m.

29th

p.m.

2nd May,

7.15 a.m.

Lami Su,

Female,

6th May,

11 a.m.

Third,

Wong Kiu,

Male,

25.

9th "

11 a.m.

6th May, 12.30 p.m. Oth "

6th

"1 11.20 p.m.

1.45 p.m.

12th

5 a.m.

Second,

Wong Tsun Ho,

··

Female,

14th June,

6.30 a.m.

14th June, 11.10 a.m.

14th June,

9 p.nl.

Tsoi Mak Wan,

Male,

14th

5.15 p.in.

15th

1 p.m.

17th

8.45 a.m.

Ground,

First,

Chan Tsak,

ᏞᎥ Ꮮ,

Choi Sing,

Choi Kan,

14th

11 p.m.

15th

1 p.m.

20th

8.55 p.m.

Kwong Sun,

བ བ ཐཱ བ

15th

1.30 a.m.

15th

4.35

p.m.

17th

4 p.m.

15th

7 8.11.

15th

1 p.m.

16th

4.05 p.m.

15th

8 a.m.

15th

p.m.

19th

4.30 a.m.

15th

11 a.m.

15th

1 p.m.

16th

7 p.m.

Lo Shin,

16th

6.30 p.m.

17th

12.30 p.m.

18th

10, Heung Lane,

Chan Sau,

17th

10 p.m.

18th

10.35 a.m.

19th

11.40 p.m.

2.50 p.m.

Do.,

(b)

Ho Yaw,

18th

p.m.

21st

8.35 a.m.

12, Heung Lane,

(c)

Kan A-Ping,

20th

3.35

p.m.

21st

4.10 p.m.

335, Queen's Road West,

Ground,

Fu Chiu,

30, Eastern Street,

First,

Cheng Yi,

24th June,

30th

8 a.m.

1 a.m.

24th

30th

10.10 a.m.

19th July,

Kowloon, West 8, MacDonnel Road,

Ground,

Ty A-Yuk,

....

24th

63, Queen's Road West,

Second,

Chan Ping Chi,

8th Aug.,

27, Tsung Sau Lane, West,

First,

Hau Fong Hoi,

}

24th July, 8th Aug., 9.45

21st

3, Tsung Sau Lane, West,

Second,

Wong Si Li,...

Female,

21st

24th

From Canton Steamer,

Sing Kwoon Hing,

Male,

24th

25th

28, Bridges Street,

First,

Lam Su,

25th

7th Sept.,

4, Possession Street,

Ground,

Lam Kan,

7th Sept.,

2 a.m.

թ.ու.

21st 7.30 a.m.

6.30 p.m.

9 p.m.

24th

26th

16th

44, Second Street,

First,

Ho Sam,

16th

4 p.m.

8 p.m.

16th

7th Sept., 6.30 p.m. 8.35

10.50 a.m.

....

24th July, 10.15 a.m. 9th Aug., 12.35 p.m.

1st July, 3.30 a.m.

During the night of 18-19 July.

24th July, 12.20 p.m. 10th Aug., 2.30 a.m.

25th 8.20 a.m.

8.30 P m.

2.30 p.m.

4.50 a m.

7.50 a.m.

26th

p.m.

25th

26th

5.30 p.m.

8th Sept., 9.30 p.m.

16th p.m.

9.05 p.ш.

2,077

4,917

6,994

A Soldiers.

Fotal.

6,006

CROW.

Superintendent.

(a) Transferred from S.S. Belgic. Came down from Cauton the day previous and passed the night in 4, Wing Lok'Street. (b) Had been segregated since the 15th of June.

Had been segregated since the 17th of June.

(d) Found by one of the night search party on board the S.S. Fatshan on her arrival from Canton.

(e) Found dead on board the S.8. Nanchang at 6 A.M. on the 19th July. Walked on board from No. 8, MacDonnel Road, Kowloon, the previous evening.

W: EDWARD CROW, Beorotary and Super

Ast June, 1895.

To the Owner and Occupier of the

Appendix C.

SANITARY BOARD.

HONGKONG.

In the matter of The closed houses and insanitary dwellings Ordinance, 1894.

Notice is hereby given to you on behalf of the Sanitary Board that cocklofts or mezzanine floors and cubicles are being continued or maintained in the above domestic building in contravention of Ordinance 15 of 1894, and that if such continuance or maintenance exists on and after the

a prosecution will be instituted.

day of

189

By order of the Sanitary Board,

Secretary.

2. It

nder sec

greater

undersi

fire netti Bro-third

Colo

The

Colo

Extract from Ordinance 15 of 1894.

Section 7.-"It shall not be lawful to construct, put up, continue or maintain in any room of any domestic building now or hereafter erected or in course of erection any mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft where such room is partitioned or divided off into separate compartments without the permission in writing of the Sanitary Board.”

Section 8, Sub-section (b).-" Where any room of any domestic building is divided into separate compartments by partitions, it shall not be lawful to put up, continue or maintain partition walls of a greater height than 8 feet, or to leave a space between the top of the partitions and the ceiling or underside of the joists, of less than 4 feet, or to allow such space to be closed except in such manner and with such material as may be prescribed by the Sanitary Board, and unless the whole of such compartments are provided with light and ventilation to the satisfaction of the Sanitary Board. For the purposes of this section every sub-division of a domestic building unless it has one window at least, as herein before specified opening directly into the external air, shall be considered a compartment." (The window is required to have a total area, clear of the window frame, of at least one-tenth of the floor area of the room.)

Section 13, Bye-law No. 7.-The space required by section 8, sub-section (b), of Ordinance 15 of 1894, to be left above partitions shall not be enclosed except with wire netting, iron bars, lattice work or carved wood work, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds of such space open and as far as practicable evenly distributed.

N.B. The words "domestic building" include-"any human habitation or building where persons (other than a caretaker) pass the night." (Section 2.)

Appendix D.

GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.-No. 373.

Cocklofts and CUBICLES in

Buildings erected BEFORE the passing of the Closed Houses and Insanitary Dwellings Ordinance No. 15 of 1894, (29th December, 1894).

1. No permission will be granted under the provisions of sub-section 1 of section 7 of Ordinance 15 of 1894 for the crection or continuance of mezzanine floors, stories or cock lofts in rooms partitioned or divided off into separate compartments unless the following conditions are complied with:-

(a) The premises are constructed and maintained in a satisfactory sanitary condition. (b) Such mezzanine floor, storey or cock loft is situated on the top or ground floor of

premises...

1. U Construct

9th of I

situate

on of t must be

2. N

Mons are

Hor

'houses and ance, 1894.

floors and

vention of

I after the

(c) In the case of top floors such mezzanine floor, storey or cock loft does not exte d over more than one-half of the floor area of the room, and has a clear space above it of not less than eight feet and below it of not less than nine feet measured vertically. When the roof has no ceiling or tie the measurement shall be made from the level of the floor up to half the vertical height of the rafters over such mezzanine floor, storey

or cockloft.

(d) In the case of mezzanine floors, stories or cocklofts on ground floors that do not comply with the conditions specified in the preceding paragraph, no permission will be granted for their continuance except for storage purposes only, and provided that the space so encroached on by such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall not be included in the calculation of the cubic capacity of the room available for habitation. 2. It should be noted that, under the provisions of sub-section b of section 8 and Bye-law 7 under section 13 of this Ordinance, the partition walls of every separate compartment must not be f a greater height than 8 feet, and must leave a space between the top of the partitions and the ceiling or underside of the joists of not less than 4 feet, and that such space must not be closed except with wire netting, iron bars, lattice work, or carved wood work arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds of such space open and as far as practicable evenly distributed.

By Command,

Colonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 30th August, 1895.

visidan

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Colonial Secretary.

GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.-No. 407.

The following is published.

By Command,

stic building artitioned or

ompartments

8 feet, or to or to allow Board, and itary Board. hereinbefore

d to have a

1894, to be rk, arranged

>ther than

anitary

Ordinance partitioned

on.

ul floor of

Colonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 27th September, 1895.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Colonial Secretary.

SANITARY BOARD NOTIFICATION.

MEZZANINE FLOORS, STORIES, OR COCKLOFTS

Buildings erected AFTER the passing of Ordinance 15 of 1894,

(29th December, 189±).

1. Under the provisions of sub-section 2 of section 7 of Ordinance 15 of 1894, it is unlawful to construct, put up, continue or maintain in any room of any domestic building erected after the 29th of December, 1894, any mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft whatsoever, except where such room is situated on the ground floor and is used as a shop or workshop, in which case the written permis- sion of the Sanitary Board must be first obtained and any conditions imposed in such permission must be complied with.

ainu je dazK AL

2. Notice is hereby given that such permission will not be granted unless the following condi tions are complied with:-

gaaq (wła9782

(a) The building shall be constructed and maintained in a satisfactory sanitary condition. (b) The mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall not extend over more than one half of the floor area of the room and shall have a clear space below it of not less than eight feet measured vertically, provided that this space is sufficient to prevent the obstruction of any doorway situated in an external wall.

(c) The space both above and below such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall be used for storage purposes only and shall not be enclosed except with wire netting, bamboo lattice or carved wood-work arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds of such space open and as far as practicable evenly distributed, and the space encroached on by such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall not be included in the calculation of the cubic capacity of the room available for habitation,

By order of the Sanitary Board,

525

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Secretary

No. of Health

District.

Appendix E.

Schedule setting forth the situation of the basements illegally occupied on the 1st of April and on the owners, etc. of which notices have been served and compliance with the law enforced.

Wanchani Road,

Ship Street,

Name of Street.

Hou Fung Lane, Queen's Road East, Wing Fung Street.

Pedder's Hill,

Mosque Junction,..

Kai Un Lane,

Stanley Street, Pottinger Street,

...

•

Nos. of the Houses.

Total No. of Basements.

The 6 and 7 of

permit form cubicles.

2. ln

Committee sub-let, the

3. Th

77A, 79A,

retention o

32, 40, 52,

and cubicle

2, 5, 7,

•

62, 217,

10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24,

1, ('"),

49, 45,

East end of Lane,

cases the or Committee occupier. prejudice th be charged

Cochrane Street,

Wellington Street,

Staunton Street, ... Hollywood Road,... Gage Street,

Queen's Road Central, Lyndhurst Terrace,. Wing Wah Lane,

Hollywood Road,.....

Ping On Lane,

Gough Street,

Bridges Street,.

9, 11, 13, 47,

10, 12, 14, 16,

•

25, 29, 31,

15в, 15c, 15D, 21, 23, 27, 29, 51, 59, 61, 91,

93, 99, 101,

9, 13, 15, 17,

1, 28, 27, 29, 31,..

82, 84,

29,

•

19,.

41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, (3, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115,

117, 119, 121, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 140, 142, 146, 148, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168,.

1, ('), 2, 5,

23, 25, 31, 35, 36, 37, 39,

1, 3, 5, 7, 66a,

33, 35, 37,

28, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48,

2, 3, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 24, 42,

4, 5,

196,

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

•

160, 162, 164, 303, 305, 307, 309, 311, 313, 315, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329, 331, 333,

21, 22,

•

Staunton Street, Tank Lane, Square Street, Circular Pathway, Shing Wong Street, Wellington Street. Kau U Fong South,

Queen's Road Central,

Chung Wo Lane,.

Wa In Fong East,

....

Lower Ladder Street Terrace,

Upper Lascar Row,

Lower Lascar Row,..........

Tan Kwai Lane,

...

Tsui On Lane,

Queen's Road Central,

Queen's Road West,

Third Street,..

•

1, 3, 5, 34,

2, 4, 6, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25,

1, 2, 3, 5, 7, ..

1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8,.

•

335, 341, 343, 345, 349, 351, 353, 355, 357,

359, 361,

55, 63, 91, 97, 101, 125, 131, 133, 167, 209,

227

127,

21st October, 1895.

Total No. of Basements,.

The Secreta

SAN

134

2223

219.

W. EDWARD CROW, Assistant Secretary and Superintendent.

Total No. of Basements.

Appendix F.

Memorandum on the subject of Permits for the Occupation of Basements and the

Retention of Cocklofts.

HONGKONG, 9th July, 1895.

The Committee appointed to control the work involved in enforcing the provisions of sections 6 and 7 of Ordinance 15 of 1894 beg to submit for the consideration of the Board the attached draft permit forms † in respect of the occupation of basements and the retention of mezzanine floors and cubicles.

2. In both drafts the permits have been made out in favour of the registered owner. The Committee are of opinion that, having regard to the conditions under which basements are let and sub-let, the permission for occupation under section 6 should only be granted to the landlord.

3. The Committee are in doubt, however, as to the advisability of framing the permit, for the retention of cocklofts and cubicles, in favour of the owner. In the vast majority of cases cocklofts and cubicles are erected by the tenants without even the knowledge of the landlord. In nearly all cases the order for removal under section 7 has been served on the occupier. On the other hand the Committee do not see their way clear to advising that the permit be made out in favour of the occupier. By such a course the Board would, they think, be taking a step which might soriously prejudice the interests of owners of property, and would be incurring a responsibility it should not be charged with.

W. C. H. HASTINGS, Acting Captain Superitendent of Police.

W. Edward Crow,

Assistant Secretary,

The Secretary,

SANITARY Board.

† Omitted.

.66,

இசுதல்

97,

15,

35,

313, 331,

5, 357,

37, 209,

219

WARD CROW,

and Superintendent.

tary

134

HONGKONG.

STATEMENT OF PLAGUE EXPENDITURE.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

STATEMENT OF PLAGUE EXPENDITURE

from 1st January to 31st October, 1895.

535

No. 37

95.

Remuneration to-

Men of the Rifle Brigade,

600.00

Royal Engineers,.....

684.10

Police,

844.40

Staff of the Government Civil Hospital,

450.00

District Watchmen,

426.75

Others,

664.25

$ 3,669.50

Conveyance and Travelling Expenses,

824.07

Salary and Conveyance Allowance of Acting Medical Officer of Health and

Interpreter,

Salary of Temporary Boarding Officers for inspecting Junks, &c.,.......................

1,742.65

624.00

Expenses in connection with the Kennedy Town Hospital-

Building matsheds and other works executed,

Salary of Staff,

$5,131.51

571.51

Provisions and Incidental Expenses,..

Hire of Steam Launches,

802.63

6.505.65

$3,381.00

Coal for

Do.,

507.16

3,888.16

Hire of Marriage Boats,

264.70

Provisions, &c., .............................

White-washing 1,670 houses,.

Disinfecting Expenses,

Burial Expenses,................

149.70

414.40

8,032.90

2,046.87

296.84

Miscellaneous (for sundry works executed and Incidental Expenses),

1,006.11

TOTAL,......

29,051.15.

A. M. THOMSON,

Acting Treasurer.

Hongkong, 12th November, 1895.

No. 1.

HONGKONG.

RETURNS OF SUPERIOR AND SUBORDINATE COURTS FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

123

No. 10

REGISTRY SUPREME COURT,

HONGKONG, 5th January, 1895.

SIR,--I have the honour to forward the accompanying Returns :--

1. Return of Criminal Cases tried in the Supreme Court of Hongkong during the year 1894. 2. Indictments and Informations during the year 1894.

3. Comparative Table showing the number of offences, apprehensions, and acquittals for

the last four years.

4. Return of Criminal Cases that have been brought under the cognizance of the Supreme

Court during the last ten years.

5. Return of all sums received as Revenue in the Registry of the Supreme Court during the

years 1893 and 1894.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable

THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY,

fc.,

&c.,

&c.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

C. F. A. SANGSTER,

Acting Registrar.

124

Number of Cases tried.

Number of Persons tried.

RETURN of CRIMINAL CASES tried in the SUPREME COURT of HONGKONG during the Year 1894.

CRIMES.

Convicted.

Acquitted.

Death.

2:2421

2:2227

Attempting to commit buggery,

Bribery, Burglary,

Conspiracy to murder,

Embezzlement,

Feloniously administering stupefying drug with

intent to commit larceny,

Feloniously attempting to set fire to a dwelling

house,

Feloniously wounding with intent to murder,.

Feloniously uttering forged bank notes,

Forgery,

Larceny,

Larceny in a dwelling house,

Larceny by a servant,

Larceny from the person....

Manslaughter,

Obtaining money under false pretences,

Murder,

Perjury,

Robbery from the person with violence,

Unlawfully and wilfully falsifying accounts and

destroying certain books,

Unlawfully uttering certain counterfeit coin,

Unlawfully bringing into the colony a certain girl

for the purpose of emigration,

ܗ: ܗ:

Unlawfully bringing into the colony a certain girl

for the purpose of prostitution,...................... Uttering a forged instrument with intent to defraud,

Of 49 Persons only

Ni Ni -

•

Death Recorded.

Hard Labour over one Year,

Hard Labour one

Year and under.

SENTENCE.

Solitary Confinement→→ Number of Persons.

Number of Persons.

Privately Flogged-

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

DONED.

PONED.

CHARGES

CASES

ABAN-

POST-

6 1

C13

..38 were tried.

6 were not indicted which are included under the heading of "Charges Abandoned,"... 6 Case Postponed, Persons,

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 5th day of January, 1895.

49 Persons.

C. F. A. SANGSTER,

Acting Registrar.

125

ÍNDICTMENTS and INFORMATIONS in the SUPREME COURT of HONGKONG for the Year 1894.

Showing how the cases tried in

the Superior Courts ended.

Including Attempts and Conspiracies to commit the several offences.

(Each Prisoner tried counts as a separate case; where a large number of Prisoners have been convicted together, the fact is mentioned in a note.)

Total.

Murder.

Manslaughter.

Attempt at murder.

Concealment of Birth.

Judgment for the Crown,

Judgment for the Prisoner,

Prisoner found Insane,

Cases which fell through for want of prosecution or ab- sence of accused, and cases thrown out by the Grand Jury (Attorney General),..

Cases postponed,

Abortion.

Rape.

Unnatural Crimes.

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 5th day of January, 1895.

Robbery with violence.

Other offences against the Person.

Offences against Property.

Miscellaneous offences.

च

C. F. A. SANGSTER, Acting Registrar.

COMPARATIVE TABLE showing the NUMBER of Offences, APPREHENSIONS, CONVICTIONS and ACQUITTALS

for the last Four Years.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

The Number of Convictions in the Superior Courts-

1. For Offences against the Person,

2. For Offences against Property,

3. For other Offences,

The Number of Persons acquitted-

2. In the Superior Courts,

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 5th day of January, 1895.

C. F. A. SAngster,

Acting Registrar.

126

RETURN of CRIMINAL CASES that have been brought under the COGNIZANCE of the SUPREME Court,

during the last Ten Years.

Charges Abandoned.

Cases Postponed.

YEAR.

Number of Cases.

Number of Persons.

Convicted. Acquitted.

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

1885,

147

103

(e) 1886,

107

27 (e)

(f) 1887,

155

1888,

101

186

(g) 1889,

143

Total,

453

738

407

1890,

1891,

1892,

1893,

1894,

ཙ།༤།བས

166

101

152

F-4446

12900

Total,

200

262

141

Average of 1st

903

1478

331/

201

30%

Period,....

Average of 2nd}

Period, ....S

523

281/

15#

8/2/

e. In one case the recognizance estreated.

f. In three cases the recognizances were estreated.

g. In one case the recognizance estreated, this case is included in the total, but not in any other of the above headings.

C. F. A. SANGSTER,

Acting Registrar.

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 5th day of January, 1895.

RETURN of all SUMS RECEIVED as REVENUE in the Registry of the Supreme Court during the Year 1894.

Original Jurisdiction,

Summary Jurisdiction,

Bankruptcy Jurisdiction,

Probate Jurisdiction,..

Official Administrator's Commission,

.$ 3,220.30

4,153.80

469.15

2,547.47

Official Assignee's Commission,

Official Trustee's Commission,

717.52

72.88

94.48

Appraiser's Fees,

Sheriff's Fees,

73.00

Bailiff's Fees,

1,280.00

Interest on Deposit of Surplus Cash,

1,823.42

Fees on Distraints,

1,823.75

Registrar of Companies,

1,220.75

Fine and Forfeitures,

45.00

Admiralty Fees,..........

Land Office Fees,

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 5th day of January, 1895.

1,088.16

$18,579.68

3,766.00

$22,345.68

C. F. A. SANGSTER,

Acting Registrar.

127

RETURN of all SUMS COLLECTED in the Registry of the Supreme Court for the Year 1894, and paid into the Treasury.

1893.

1894.

REGISTRAR.-Court Fees paid by Stamps, ....

$ 11,413.56

$ 12,214.47

OFFICIAL ASSIGNEE.-5 % on amount encashed paid into the Treasury,

OFFICIAL ADMINISTRATOR,

202.94

2,431.34

72.88

717.52

OFFICIAL TRUSTEE.-2 %% on amount of Trust on taking over up to $10,000, above $10,000 commission 1 % on further amount, I commission on income,

150.97

94.48

APPRAISER OF INTESTATE ESTATES.-2 on Houses, Land, Goods, Furni-

ture, &c., 1% on cash, Banking account or Shares,

BAILIFF,

•

1,077.50

FINE AND FORFEITURES,

SHERIFF,

REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES,

INTEREST on Registrar's Balance at the Bank,

ADMIRALTY FEES,

70.50

1,498.00

1,230.00

73.00

1,220.75

1,671.78

1,823.42

50.00

45.00

1,088.16

LAND OFFICE FEES,

$18,566.59 4,368.00

$18,579.68

3,766.00

$22,934.59

$22,345.68

UNCLAIMED BALANCES under Ordinance No. 11 of 1888,

.$ 1,085.43

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 5th day of January, 1895.

$468.04

C. F. A. SANGSTER,

Acting Registrar.

128

WRITS ISSUED BY THE POLICE MAGISTRATES DURING THE YEAR 1894.

Warrants.

HHHHT10

TOTAL.

TOTAL

NUMBER

OF FIRE

ENQUIRIES

HELD

DURING THE YEAR 1894.

Abstract of CASES under COGNIZANCE of the POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURT during the Year 1894.

CASES, HOW DISPOSED OF, AND THE NUMBER OF MALE AND FEMALE PRISONERS UNDER EACH HEAD.

Ordered to find Security.*

10,447

M. F.

11,953 9,465 302

M. F.

1,716 95

M. F. M. F. M.

63 2

M. F. M.

F. M. F. M. F. M.

171

1 16

11,530 423 2,107

154

143

160

835

235

TOTAL MALES AND FEMALES,..

11,953

TOTAL

TOTAL NUMBER NUMBER

CASES.

PRISON-

ERS.

* Consisting of Offenders not sentenced to Imprisonment.

3,634

THE CASES CONSISTED OF:

129

OFFENCE.

Animals-Cruelty to

Arms Consolidation Ordinance-Breach of Arson-Attempting to commit,..

Assault-Causing grievous bodily harm,......

-Common

--Indecent

-On Females and Boys under 14 years of age,

-On Excise Officers in the execution of their

duty, and obstructing and resisting them, -On Police in the execution of their duty, and

obstructing and resisting Police,

---On Sanitary Officers in the execution of their duty, and obstructing and resisting them, -With intent to commit an Unnatural Offence, Banishment-Returning after..

Births and Deaths-Breach of Ordinance for Registration

of..

Boats-Offences as to the numbering of..

-Refusing to accept Hire when unemployed,.

Breach of the Peace,

Bribery, or attempting to bribe Sanitary Officer,

Brothels-Unregistered,

Building Ordinance-Breach of

Buildings-Occupying or erecting, on land not being under

Burglary,

lease from the Crown,

with Violence,.

Bubonic Plague-Neglecting to report cases of... Cargo-Furnishing untrue particulars regarding the ge-

neral character of

Cattle Diseases Ordinance-Breach of.......

- Slaughtering in a place other than one set apart

for the purpose,..........

Child Stealing,

Chinese Territory-Crimes and Offences committed in. Coffee House-Breach of Conditions added to licence

respecting

Coin-Offences relating to

Convict Licence-Breach of

Cutting and Wounding with intent to do grievous bodily

harm,.

Dangerous Goods Ordinance-Breach of

Decoying Men or Boys into or away from the Colony,

or imprisoning or detaining them for the purpose of emigration or for any purpose whatsoever,

Women or Girls into or away from the Colony,... Defences Sketching Prevention Ordinance-Breach of Desertion from H.M.'s Army and Navy,

British Merchant Ships,

Disorderly Behaviour-Fighting and creating a disturb-

ance,

-While Drunk,..

under

Distraint for Rent-Fraudulently removing properties

Dogs-Allowing unmuzzled ferocious, to be at large, &c., Domestic Servants-Misconduct as

Drugs-Administering

Drunkenness,

Embezzlement,

2 242 023000

20*

385

504 863

171

125

多多

200226

125

No. of

No. or CASES.

PRI-

OFFENCE.

BONERS.

Brought forward,..

Larceny-By Servant,.

-Common,

-from the scene of fire,...

587

757

-from Ships or Boats in the Harbour,

-from the Person,

to 10 a 10

3 Libel,

-from the Person with Wounding or with Vio-

lence,

-from Wreck,

-in a Dwelling House,

-of Beasts or Birds, not the subject of Larceny

at Common Law,

-of Fruit or Vegetable production in a Garden,

Lights-Chinese not carrying at night,.. Malicious Injury to Electric or Magnetic Telegraph,.

to Property,

820

883

181

1 19

24110

Manslaughter,

Marine Store Dealers-Breach or Ordinance for

Markets Ordinance-Breach of.

699

Menaces-Demanding Money by

Mendicancy,

297

Merchandise Marks Ordinance-Breach of.

Merchant Shipping Act-Offences against

357

Morphine Ordinance-Breach of

101000 22

Murder,

-Aiding, abetting, counseling, and procuring

to commit

Night-Found in Dwelling Houses by-with intent to

commit Felony therein,

-Noises, by playing at the Game called Chai-Mui,

-Noises by beating Drums and Gongs,

***

220

20you

and Property,

-Blowing Whistles,

-Boarding Ships without permission,

Nuisances-Allowing Dirt and Filth to remain on Pre-

mises or in immediate Vicinity thereof, -Blasting Stones to the danger of Persons

*+088

*** 88

NO. OF CASES.

No. or PAI- SONE RI.

2,9874,271

by Servants,

Vehicle Drivers and Shopkeepers,.

Embracery,

款

-Boats mooring inshore, between the hours of

9 o'clock at night and gunfire in the morning,| -Boats, obstructing Fairways,

Breach of Bye-laws respecting the Licenc- ing and Regulations of Depôts, &c., for Cattle, &c.,

-Carrying or exposing Night Soil or Noxious Waters in the Streets in uncovered Buc- kets, and in open Boats along the Praya,... -Drains, &c.-Leaving open and unprotected -Hanging wet Clothes, &c., to dry over

Public Ways,.....

-Keeping Pigs, &c., without a Licence, -Latrine,

-Neglecting to clean out Dust Bins, and

throwing Rubbish, &c., into the Streets, -Obeying Calls of Nature in the Streets, -Obstruction of Wharves by Boat People.... -Regulations-Breach of.

-Throwing Rubbish into the Harbour or on

the Beach,

Obstruction of Roads and Streets, &c., by Hawkers,

Offensive Weapons-Having Possession of

933

Escape of Prisoners or attempting to escape from Custody

Opium Ordinance-Breach of Prepared

of Police,...

-Breach of Raw...

Extradition Act of 1870-Offences against

2 Passage-Obtaining surreptitiously a

False Charge-Preferring-or giving wilful false evidence,

Passengers-Carrying in Excess of that allowed by

Imprisonment,

Licence,

Pretences-obtaining Goods and Money by

-Furnishing untrue Particulars regarding

Falsification of Accounts,

Passes Chinese out at Night without

262

Felony-Accessory before or after the Fact to

Pawnbrokers-Breach of Ordinance for

2282 2 827** ****

- 16

123

968

839

262

---Attempting to commit

Pawning-Illegally

* 2882 2 8*8** ***-

Firemen to Government Fire Brigade-Misconduct as...

Fire Works-Discharging without permits,

204

Perjury, (see also Preferring false Charge and giving

wilful false Testimony),

Foreign Offenders-Temporary detention of

Placards in Chinese Language-Exhibiting without per-

Forged Bank Note, Cheque, &c.--Uttering...

mission,

Instrument-Obtaining goods or money by

Police Constables-Personating as...

Forgery,

Fugitive Offenders Act, 1881-Offences against.............

Furious Driving,

-Rescuing or attempt to rescue Pri-

soners from Custody of -Misconduct as

Gambling Ordinance-Breach of....

217

921

-Negligently allowing Prisoners to

Gaol Subordinate Officers-Misconduct as

escape,..

Harbour-Dredging at Anchorage for Ships of War in the

Regulations--Breach of

House Breaking,

Public Gardens-Breach of Regulations for maintenance

of good order and preservation of property in the

Householders-Breach of Ordinance for Registration of... Indecent Exposure of Person by Bathing or otherwise,

and Lewdness,

1 Receiving Stolen Goods,

Recognisances-Breach of

Roads and Streets-Injury to..

Insulting or Threatening Expression-Using before the

Magistrates,

Robbery-From the Person,.

923-2

Junk-Neglecting to report Arrival of

--Using for a purpose other than that specified in

the licence,

Carried forward,.

2,987 4,271

-From the Person with Wounding or with

Violence,

On the Highways with Arms or with Violence,.

1 Rogues and Vagabonds-Gambling in the Street,

Carried forward,....

3315

7,7839,221

130

OFFENCE.

Brought forward,.

Rogues and Vagabonds-As suspicious Characters,

-Indecent Exposure of Person,.

-Wandering abroad and lodging

in the open air,

Sanitary Regulations-Breach of Scavenging Contract-Breach of

No. of

CASES.

CASES,-Continued.

No. of

PRI- SONERS.

No. of

No. or

OFFENCE.

PRI-

CASES.

SONERS.

7,783 9,221

Brought forward,

8,226 9,664

88 Threats-Using

3 Trees, &c.-Cutting and destroying

Trespass on Crown Land,

120

140

66 Unlawful Possession of Property,

305

350

手掌

of Trees, Shrubs, &c.,.

2 Unlicensed-Cargo Boats,

Seamen-Refusal of duty by Foreign

- Refusal of duty by British Merchant

-Hawkers,

795

-Keeping of Dogs,

Ships, &c.-Neglecting to have a Riding Light on board,. -Leaving Anchorage during prohibited hours,. -Leaving Harbour without a Clearance, --Not having certificated Master,

-Plying of Boats for Hire,

2021

202

24 Unnatural Offence,......

35 Unwholesome Provisions-Exposing for Sale, or bring-

ing into the Colony

Shooting with intent to do Grievous Bodily Harm,

1 Vagrancy Ordinance-Breach of

Small-Pox-Neglecting to report Cases of

8 Vehicles-Offences against Public

336

355

Spirit Licences Ordinance-Breach of.....

24 Watchmen-Misconduct as Private

Stones and other Missiles--Discharging to Danger of

Persons and Property,

Waterworks Ordinance-Breach of...

9 Weights and Measures-Breach of Ordinance for

201101 0

Streams-Defiling

Street Noises by Hawkers,...

Suicide-Attempting to commit

105 14

5 Wharf-Taking or disembarking Passengers from pro- 105

hibited

Sunday Cargo-Working Ordinance-Breach of

Tramways Ordinance-Breach of

Carried forward,........

14 Women and Girls Protection Ordinance-Breach of

2 Workmen-Intimidating

༡

8,226 9,664

TOTAL,.

10,447 11,953

H. E. WODehouse, Police Magistrate.

Magistracy, Hongkong, 24th January, 1895.

ABSTRACT of CASES brought under COGNIZANCE at the POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURT during a period of

Ten Years, from 1st January, 1885, to 31st December, 1894, inclusive.

CASES, HOW DISPOSED OF, AND THE NUMBER OF MALE AND FEMALE PRISONERS UNDER EACH HEAD,

Committed to Prison or detained pending Orders of His Excellency the Governor.

To keep the Peace,

TOTAL NUMBER

YEARS.

CASES.

Convicted and Punished.

Discharged.

Committed for Trial at Supreme

Ordered to find Security.

Punished for Preferring

Total

or giving

False Charge Undecided.

Number

Court.

to be of Good Beha- viour, and to answer

any Charge.

False Testimony.

of Defendants.

M.".

F. M.

1885,.

10,281

7,951 849

2,188

258

159

357

10,690 1,211

1886,

14,611 12,081 842

2,198 190

157

869

100 32

168

15,510 1,137

1887,

12,015 10,354 325

2,620 159

158

❤

1888,

11,647 9,700 232

2,704

145

168

1889,.

157

0000 $

411

13,633 549

177

12,898 411

303

9,530

503

8,670 6,626 268 2,319 178

Total,...... 57,224 46,712 2,516 12,029 930

799 29

186

2,117

300

3 346

62,2613,811

Average per

Year,

11,444-8 | 9,342.4 | 503·2 | 2,405-8186-0

159-8 5.8 37.2

5.6

423.4

60·0

14.4 0-6

69.2

1.0 12,452-2762.2

1890,

9,739 7,423 317 2,406 151

102

259

35 2 10,243 529

1891,

1892,

13,676 13,438 534 1,906 134

11,920 11,771 327 1,927 151

· 12

153

143

15,693 689

191

13,969 502

1893,

10,727 10,049 306

1,532 75

102

242

11,972 420

1894,

9,465 10,447

302 1,716 95

255

11,530

423

Total,...... 56,509 52,146 1,786 9,487 666

Average per

per 11,301-8 10,429-2 357-2 1,897-4121-2

Year,

Grand Total

347

க

69.4 1.6

for the 10 113,733 98,858 4,302 | 21,516 1,536 1,146 37 Years,

1,100

157

245

63,407 2,568

8.8

0.2

220.0

31-4 7.6 0-2

49.0

0.8

12,681:4 512-6

230

3,217

457 110

591

125,668 | 6,374

Average per

Year,

11,3733 9,885-8430-2 2,151.6 153 6

114:6

3.7

23.0

2.0

321.7

45-7 11.0

0.4

59.1

0.9

12,566-8 637-4

Magistracy, Hongkong, 24th January, 1895.

H. E. WODEHouse, Police Magistrate.

131

Total.

MAGISTERIAL ENQUIRIES INTO DEATHS.

TABLE 4.-RETURN OF ALL DEATHS REPORTED DURING THE YEAR 1894.

FORMAL ENQUiries held.

BURIED WITHOUT FORMAL ENQUIRIES.

Men. Women. Boys. Girls. Total. Men. Women. Boys. Girls.

Very much decomposed;

sex not acertainable.

NATIONALITY.

Europeans and Americans, ...

111

129 102

365

119

129

102

373

Total for 1893, ...

4 67

124

316

Indians and Malays,....

Japanese,

Chinese,.....

Total,......

Chinese.

Women. Boys. Girls.

TABLE B.-RETURN OF FORMAL ENQUIRIES DURING THE YEAR 1894.

FINDING.

Europeans and Americans.

Indians.

Japanese.

Men. Boys. Men.

Men. Men.

: ܗ:

Total.

...

:::

...

:::

Accidental death,

Accidental death from burning,

Accidentally drowned,

Death by asphyxia caused by self hanging,

Death by a bullet wound maliciously inflicted by some

person unknown,

Death by drowning,

Death by drowning on the occasion of a collision between the boat on board of which the deceased was and the Steam-launch Hang Mui in the Harbour of Shaukiwan, Death by drowning on the occasion of a collision between the boat on board of which the deceased was and the Steam-launch Charles May in Victoria Harbour, Death by injuries received from a fall from the roof of No. 1 Wa Lane while an entry under warrant was being made by the Police into Houses Nos. 4 and 6, Wa On Lane,......

Death from an overdose of Opium,

Death from an overdose of Morphia self administered, the overdose being probably due to an accident, Death from exhaustion consequent upon dysentery and

phthisis,

Death from fracture of skull,

Death from injuries received through burns or suffocation, Death from injuries from a bullet wound self inflicted,.. Death from moist gangrene following on the amputation

of a leg which appears to have been broken by falling down some steps while running away from some pursuers who had been called upon by a woman named A Tsoi to beat him,

Death from injuries received from a landslip. The jury desire to add that in their opinion no blame attaches to the Public Works Department in connection with the deaths, but they would like to suggest that earth cutting might be placed under some kind of supervision whether on private or public property with a view to prevent the recurrence of similar fatalities,...............

Death from natural causes,

Carried forward,...

...

00 H

132

Total.

TABLE B.-RETURN OF FORMAL ENQUIRIES DURING THE YEAR 1894,--Continued.

FINDING.

Europeans and Americans.

Indians.

Japanese.

Chinese.

Men. Boys. Men. Men. Men. Women. Boys. Girls.

-::

F:..

Brought forward,....

Death resulted from injuries received by fire whether by suffocation or burning the cause of fire being accidental,

Death resulted from injuries received from a blow from a plank falling upon him from the top of the tank at the bottom of which he was engaged in working,

Death resulted from injuries received from falling into the hold of S.S. Progress from either the 'tween deck or the upper deck,

Death resulted from hanging self inflicted, Death resulted from injuries occasioned by a fall down the open fore hatchway on the 'tween deck of the S.S. Tokyo Maru..................

Death resulted from injuries sustained from a fall while attempting to escape from the Police who were forcing an entrance into House No. 16 Nullah Lane, Death occasioned by fracture of the skull arising from the use of an insufficiently strong chain to support the weight it was being used to lift. In the absence of No. 1 Coolie it is not possible to fix the blame which undoubtedly attaches for the use of an obviously improper chain,....

Deceased died from a rifle wound self inflicted while under the mental effects of bad news received from his home,

Found drowned,..............

Suicide by drowning,...

Suicide of hanging,

Suicide by opium poisoning,.

The deceased died from some kind of poison of the

nature of strychnine self administered,

The deceased died from the effects of an overdose of Prussic acid self administered but whether acciden- tally or with the intention of committing suicide there is no sufficient evidence to definitely decide. The Magistrate further finds that at the time of taking the poison the deceased was perfectly sober, The deceased died from dislocation of the neck con- sequent upon the execution of the deceased by being hanged by the neck in pursuance of a sentence of death passed upon him by the Supreme Court of Hongkong at the March Criminal Sessions of 1894,

The deceased died from shock occasioned by fracture of skull and other injuries incurred in falling from the top floor of House No. 22, Tung Man Lane whence he was pushed down in a rush occasioned by the attempt of P.C. 251, Lo Kai, to arrest some men on the top floor whom he found engaged in playing a game of chance,

The deceased met with his death by rupture of the spleen occasioned by falling or jumping over a wall in the premises of the Government Civil Hospital in which he was temporarily lodged, he being at the time of his death of unsound mind, The deceased P.C. 140, Cheng Leung, met with his death by a bullet fired intentionally at him by the deceased Sorain Singh who at the same time met with his own death by inflicting a bullet wound on his own person with intent to commit suicide, there being no evidence to show for certain whether the deceased Sorain Singh was or was not in his right mind at the time and there being no evidence forth- coming to explain the reason of this action towards the deceased P.C. 140,

Total,..

...

1333

TABLE C-RETURN OF BURIALS WITHOUT FORMAL ENQUIRIES DURING THE YEAR 1894.

133

Chinese.

Europeans & Americans.

Reason why no Formal Enquiry was held.

Men.

Indians. Very much

de- composed;

Found on

Land.

Found in

Harbour.

Women.

Total.

Boys. Girls.

Men.

sex not ascertain- able.

Known.

Un-

known.

Known,

Un-

known.

No suspicious circumstances,

No evidence and/or decomposed state of Body, Post Mortem satisfactory,.

Abdoola Khan was tried for murder of de-

ceased. P.M. Case No. 1028,

Ip Wai was tried for murder of deceased.

P.M. Case No. 5823,

Au Chun, Li Pong, Ip Sam, Pun Fuk and Pun Chu were tried for murder of deceased. P.M. Case No. 9679–81,.

1 115 83

102

198

153

£8

212

157

...

Lam Chung was tried for causing the death

of deceased. P.M. Case No. 9839,

...

Total,...

111

129

102

373

61 202

33 77

2923

Magistracy, Hongkong, 12th January, 1895.

H. E. WODehouse, Police Magistrate.

No. 138.

HONGKONG.

RETURNS OF SUPERIOR AND SUBORDINATE COURTS FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

319

No. 23

REGISTRY SUPREME COURT,

HONGKONG, 27th April, 1895.

SIR-I have the honour to enclose the following Returns:-

1. Civil Cases commenced and tried in Original and Summary Jurisdictions for the year

1894.

2. A Return of Appeals commenced and tried for the same period.

3. Probates and Administrations granted in the same year.

I have the honour to be.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY,

&c.,

&c.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant.

C. F. A. SANGSTER, Acting Registrar.

320

1894.

CASES COMMENCED. ·

JUDGMENT.

Settled or

No.

Debt and

withdrawn

Struck out,

Jurisdiction.

Cases.

Damages.

before Trial.

Defend- Non-

Dismissed

Plaintiff.

ant.

Suit.

and Lapsed Writs.

In Dependency.'

TOTALCASES TRIED.

Debt and

Cases. Damages

recovered.

Original,

$460,088.97

Summary,

1,583 $151,870.40 709

607

689

$11,780,35

160

32 682 $72,808.19

Registry Supreme Court, 21st April, 1895.

1894.

CASES TRIED.

JUDGMENT.

C. F. A. SAngster, Acting Registrar.

Jurisdiction. No. of Cases.

Debt and Damages.

Plaintiff. Defendant. Non-Suit.

Struck out or Dismissed.

Debt and Damages recovered.

Original,

Summary,

11 (a)

$43,690.35

874 (b) $90,699.28

625

€

164

$37,690.35

$76,239.55

(a) 5 of these cases were pending on the 31st December, 1893. (b) 59 of these cases were pending on the 31st December, 1893.

Registry Supreme Court, 21st April, 1895.

C. F. A. SANGSTER,

Acting Registrar.:-

1894.

APPEALS COMMENCED.

JUDGMENT.

Respondent.

Pending.

No. of Cases.

Appellant.

Registry Supreme Court, 21st April, 1895.

No. of Cases.

Appellant.

Registry Supreme Court, 21st April, 1895.

C. F. A. Sangster, Acting Registrar.

1894.

APPEALS TRIED.

JUDGMENT

Respondent.

Pending.

C. F. A. SAangster,

Acting Registrar.

321.

CALENDAR of PROBATES and ADMINISTRATION granted by the SUPREME COURT of HONGKONG during the Year 1894.

Date...

Name of Testator: or Intestate.

Time and Place

of Death..

Grant:

Probate, Administration

with Will annexed; or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value of

Effects as set forth in

the Commis- sion of Apar praisement.

1894.

Jan. 8 Philip. Albert Myburg,,

26 Yeong Tak Wai,

mann,

26 Charles Theodor Henry Kuhl- Hamburg, in the Empire

of Germany,

28th Sept., 1893,

Probate;

Do.,

South Kensington. in the County of Middlesex,⠀⠀ England, 4th July, 1892, Hongkong, 16th Jan., 1894,

Exemplification Alfred Bulmer Johnson,

of Probate,

Yeong Pow Shi and Siu Heung Chuen,

executrix and executor,

$ 28,350.00

45,000.00

John Muir, one of the executors named in the said Will. Power being re- served to grant the like Probate to Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Kuhlmann, brother of the said deceased when he shall duly apply for same,

Feb. 12 Alexandre de Britto,

28 William Gilbert,

Hongkong, 11th Jan., 1894,

Foochow, 14th Aug., 1893,

Do.,

Mar. 1 Zilly Allschüler,

1 Sir James Russell, K.C.M.G.,

1 Charles Cole,

Hongkong, 30th Jan., 1894, Strathpeffer, Scotland,···

1st Sept., 1893,

Letters of Adm., | Maria das Dores Noronha Britto, the

lawful wife of the deceased, Thomas Gittins, of Foochow, the duly authorized attorney of Horace Gil- bert, of Chapham, in the County of Surrey, England, for the use and benefit of the said Horace Gilbert, and until he shall duly apply for Letters of Administration to be grant-- ed to him,

Do., Probate,:.

Official Administrator,

Thomas Jackson. Power being reserved to grant the like Probate to James Wilson whenever he shall duly apply for same,

Shanghai, 12th Jan., 1893, Letters of Adm.,: William Henry Ray, the duly authorized

1 Ellen Brown,

Amoy,

· 30th Oct., 1893, Letters of Adm.

with Expl..of the Will annexed,

1 Wong Kai Kam,`.

attorney of Eliza Skinner Collett, for the use and benefit of the said Eliza Skinner Collett, and until she shall duly apply for Letters of Adminis- tration to be granted to her, Anthony Babington, the duly appointed attorney of the said Ellen Favell Brown, for the use and benefit of the said Ellen Favell Brown, and until she shall duly apply for Probate of the said Will to be granted to her,....

On board S.S. Wing Yuen, Letters of Adm., Wong Tai Hee,

on the way from Macao

60,082.00

100.00

6,700.00 300,00

80,900.00

1,400.00

3,362.00 100.00

Lo Tat Tong.

7 Lim Chiu Guan,

to Hongkong,

10th Feb., 1894,

Macao,

23rd Nov., 1893,

Do.i

Lo Man Shek,

Foochow, 9th April, 1894,

Do.,.

2,800.00

Probate,

Kau Hong Tak, the duly appointed at- torney of the said Lim Ewe Tae, for the use and benefit of the said Lim Ewe Tae, and until he shall apply for Letters of Administration to be granted to him,

Official Administrator, Friedrich Alexander, Alfred Busing Brockelmann aud Ernst Richard Fuhrmann,..

See Shi, widow and executrix,..

240.00 500.00

22,300.00

100.00

John Shaw Burdon and Alfred Gurney

Goldsmith, executors,

1,200.00

Letters of Adm.,

Leonilda Joana Collaço,

600.00

Letters of Adm.,

Official Administrator,

200.00

Probate,..

Kwok Ping Ün and Pang Kam Ming,

executors,

1,500,00

10 Ng Man Kwan,

{

10 Ernst: Carl Ludwig Reuter,

Singapore, 6th April, 1893, At Sea,

22nd July, 1889,

Do.,

Letters of Adm. de bonis non,

10 Pow Shi,

16 Richard Goodridge,

28 Maximiano Antonio Collaço,

29 Edward Moore,

29 Kwok Kan alias Fung Lam

alias Ki Shan,

Apr 7 Helen Colebrooke Mary, Camo

ron,

Honam, in Canton,

4th Feb., 1894, Hongkong, 3rd Mar., 1894,

Unknown... Hongkong, 3rd Mar., 1894, Hongkong, 20th Dec., 1893,

Cape Town, Cape of Good |:Letters of Adm., | Henry Edward Ranson Hunter, the duly

Hope, 7th Sept., 1893,

7 Cheung Shing Tin,

7 William. Foulkes,

Hongkong, 15th Jan., 1894.

Hongkong, 22nd Jan., 1894,

7 Thomas Wiseman,

7 Robert Crawford McMurdo,.

7 Richard Young,

Tullibody House, Cambus, Clackmannanshire in Scotland, 1st Aug., 1891, No. 4, Devonshire Terrace, in the Isle of Wight, England, 17th Feb., 1893,

Biggor, in the County of

Lanark, in Scotland,

24th Aug., 1893,

authorized attorney of Sir William. Gordon Cameron, for the use and benefit of the said Sir William Gordon Cameron, and until he shall duly. apply for Letters of Administration to the said Estate, Cheung Yung Shi, widow, and Cheung

Man U, executrix and executor,

| Official Administrator,

Probate,

Letters of Adm. with the Will annexed, ¡Letters of Adm., Victor Hobart Deacon,

Letters of Adm. with the Will ::

annexed,

Letters of Adm.:

with the Will annexed,

James Johnston Keswick, the duly. au-,

thorized attorney of Catherine Mc- Murdo and Andrew John Nash, for. the use and benefit of the said Cathe- rine McMurdo and Andrew John Nash, and until they shall duly apply for Letters of Administration to the. said Estate,

Alfred Bulmer Johnson, the duly author.

ized attorney of the said James Irving John Steward and Alexander Young, for the use and benefit of the said James Irving John Stewart and Alexander Young, and until they shall duly apply for Letters of Ad- ministration to the said Estate,

7,700.00

40,000.00 350.00

3,525.00

35,813.00

27,900.00

322

Calendar of PROBATES and ADMINISTRATION,

Date of Grant.

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Time and Place of Death.

Probate, Administration with Will annexed, or Administration.

Continued.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value of Effects as set forth in the Commia- sion of Ap. praisement.

1894.

Apr.

7 Tang A-Sam,

Macao,

23rd July, 1893, Letters of Adm. Ng Pui Lau, widow,

with the Will annexed, Probate,

16 Yam Wing alias Yam Nam Shan, Hongkong, 23rd Mar., 1894,

Sham Cheuk Tong,.....

Chan Kan,

Framjee Hormusjee Mehta,

19 Tan King Ho,

20 Cheung Kai,........

24 Ng Hau Pui,

Hongkong, 27th June, 1894, Hongkong, 21st Aug,, 1893, Bombay, 23rd June, 1888,

Quai Gandot, Saigon,

17th June, 1885, Hongkong, 10th Jan., 1894,

Canton, 8th Sept., 1887,

Hongkong, 2nd July, 1894, Hongkong, 15th Oct., 1893,

Chan Yeung alias Chan Hin Sau, Canton, 30th Mar., 1892,

30 Hector Coll Maclean,.

30 Cavusjee Dorabjee Gotla,

30 Chan King Shi,

May

Hugh Mackenzie,

5 Maggie Patterson,

Technamooty,

4 Thomas Edmund Davies,

" 10

11 Kwok Ah Kwye alias Kwok

Asoo alias Kwok Kwai,

Hongkong. 24th Mar., 1894. Hongkong, 15th Jan., 1894, Hongkong, 15th Apr., 1894, Hongkong, 15th Apr., 1894, San José, California,

26th Feb., 1890, Kwalla Kang, Sa Road,

Penang, 29th Oct., 1893,

Kwok King On alias Kwok Tze Honam, Canton,

George Duddell,

Lee Shing,

John Stewart Lapraik,

June 8

Chong,

At Sea, 31st Mar., 1894, Hongkong, 13th July, 1894,

23rd Apr., 1894, Queen's Park, Brighton,

31st Dec., 1887,

27 Andrey Andreywitch

lovy,

Wong U Kwong alias Wong Kai, Elia Pulqueria Hyndman,..... Rita Angelina Gomes e Lourenço, Samuel John Gower,

27 John Ashton Papillon,

27 Yu Hing,

July 9 Donald MacDonald,

9 Chung Sun Lung,

Letters of Adm..

Probate,

Letters of Adm. with Expl. of the Will annexed,

Yam Sit Shi, single woman, of Victoria, Hongkong, limited to Yam Ku, son of the above named deceased, attain- ing the age of twenty-one years, &c... Sham Wong Shi, widow, Chan Fai Hing,

Rustomjee Merwanjee Mehta,

Letters of Adm., Victor Hobart Deacon,

Probate,

Letters of Adm. de bonis non, Letters of Adm.,

Probate, Do.,

$ 1,500.00

8,200.00 15,300.00

500.00

2,200.00

1,070.00

Cheung Yau, Cheung Yun Kung and

Lam Shi,

200,000.00

Ng Chui Shi.

2,000.00

Hormusjec Cavusjee Gotla,

3,800.00

Chan Chui Yam, executor, Chan Kiu Tong, executor, Ho Tung, executor,

10,000.00

18,000.00

18,300.00

| Official Administrator,

160.00

DO.,

Do., Ranggumma,

150.00

500.00

Do.,

Official Administrator, .......

1,400.00

Letters of Adm. Lo A-Sam,

1,000.00

Official Administrator, John Douglas Lapraik, Kwok Sing,

300.00

1,420,728.15 1,300.00

250.00

Do.,

Letters of Adm., Do.,

with Expl. of the

Will annexed, Letters of Adm.,]

Probate, Letters of Adm.

Letters of Adm. Victor Hobart Deacon, with Expl. of the Will annexed, Letters of Adm.,

Do., Do., Probate Re-sealed,

Hongkong, 9th May, 1894, Hongkong, 9th June, 1894, Macao, 15th May, 1894, St. Alans, Victoria Drive,

Bogner, England,

2nd Oct., 1892, 27th June, 1894, 16th May, 1893, | Letters of Adm., |

Belogo-Tientsin,

9 Emilie Fordyce Dunstan,

13 Mahomed Razack,

13 Leung Tat Choi,

13 Herbert Victor Cox,

25 Cosme Menino Gracias,

25 | Sit Chong,

"" 25 Manoel Pereira,

25 Mahomed Hadjee Madar,

Undercliff, Sandgate in Letters of Adm.

England, 24th Dec., 1891, | with Expl. of the

Will annexed,

Hongkong, 18th Feb., 1894, Hongkong, 16th June, 1894, Canton, 13th May, 1894, Peumacumawr, in the Coun-

ty of Carnarvon in England, 6th Aug., 1893,

Hongkong, 29th June, 1894, Canton, 16th June, 1894, Hongkong, 30th June, 1894, Hongkong, 23rd June, 1894, Hongkong, 8th June, 1894, Hongkong, 8th June, 1894, Rua São João da Matta, Lisbon, 14th Nov., 1898,

Probate, Letters of Adm., Probate, Letters of Adm. with the Will annexed,

Letters of Adm., Probate,

Wong Shü Mui,

Henrique Hyndman,

Eduardo Cyrillo Lourenço, Sarah Matilda Gower,

Carl Jantzen, the duly authorized attor- ney, for the use and benefit of the said Nadejda Belogolovy, until she shall duly apply for Letters of Ad- ministration to the said Estate, John Bulmer Johnson, the duly author- ized attorney, for the use and benefit of the said Lydia Charlotte Papillon and David Papillon, and until they shall apply for Probate to the said Estate,

Yu King Chung, Official Administrator, Chung Tai-loi, executor,

James Johnston Keswick, the duly au

thorized attorney, for the use and benefit of the said Wydham Rowland Dunstan, and until he shall duly

apply for Probate to the said Estate,. Official Administrator, Leung Chan Shi............... Letters of Adm., | Official Administrator,

Do.,

Maria Guilhermina Gracias,.. Osman Madar,.

Do.,

Sit Wing Yit,

4,000.00

1,100.00

4,189,89

6,640.27

4,400.00

600.00 60,734.00

1,150.00

50,000.00

3,765.50

1,000.00

200.00

160.00

100.00

600.00

Sotheby Godfrey Bird, the duly author-

ized attorney of the said Adrião Pe- reira, for the use and benefit of the said Adrião Pereira, and until he shall duly apply for Probate to the said Estate,

27 Hector McDonald Crowlie,

Aug. 9 Un Fung Shi,

15 Tam Kit,

Canton River.

Lo Sam, China,

Kow Chow, China,

11th Oct., 1893,

30th Jan., 1880,

22nd June, 1894,

Probate,

Letters of Adm.,

Probate,

James Wilson,

41,900.00 2,000.00

Un Leung Tsoi,

Wong Chuk Yau and Tam Kit Shan,

executors,

40,000.00

22 Chun Shee alias Leung Chun Honam, Canton,

Do.,

Leung Ngan,

7,000.00

Shee,

12th May, 1894,

22 Lo Kwai Fan,

22 James Whittall,

Wetherby Garden, South

Kensington, London,

18th Dec., 1893,

Hongkong, 6th May, 1894, | Letters of Adm.,

Letters of Adm. | Edward Fleet Alford, the duly author-

with the Will

annexed,

24 Yeung Fat,

San Chau, Whampoa,

Probate,

14th June, 1894,

ized attorney of the said Elizabeth Whittal, for the use and benefit of the said Elizabeth Whittal, and until she shall apply for Letters of Admi- nistration to the said Estate,.. Young Chiu and Yeung Chi, executors,.......

Lo Hung,

700.00

3,400.00 21,500.00

Date

of Grant.

1894.

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Aug. 30 Pang Tsz,

30 Shi Iu Man,

31 Cheung Sui Shang,....

Ip Nam,

Sept. 3

•

Tang Tung Shan,

20 Harriet May,

CALENDAR of PROBATES and ADMINISTRATION,—Continued.

Probate, Administration

Time and Place of Death.

with Will annexed, or Administration.

323

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value of Effects as set forth in the Commis- sion of Ap- praisement.

Tai Leak, Nam Hoi,

Do.,

29th June, 1891, Kwoon Tong, Heung Shan, 28th June, 1894, Macao, 7th June, 1894,

S.S. Honam, off Canton,

4th June, 1894, Canton, 21st July, 1894, Arnison Road, in the County

of Surrey,

16th Oct., 1893,

Pang Shu Fun and Pang Yu Fun, exe-

cutors,

12,000.00

Do.,

Probate,

Shi Yu Sun and Shi Wai Chung, exe-

cutors,..

30,000.00

Cheung Kwan and Cheung Hong, exe

cutors,.

119,768.70

Do..

Do.,

Cheong King. Cheong Chew and Cheang

Fook, executors, Tang Kom Shee, executrix,

10,000.00

300,750,00

Do..

Sotheby Godfrey Bird, the duly author- ized attorney of Charles Lena May, one of the executors named in the said Will. for the use and benefit of the said Charles Lena May, and until he shall apply for Probate of the said Will, Chai Lai Shi,

12 Chan Kum,

};

12 Yune Kam,

17 Tevil Silbermann,

Chan Tai,

Wong Sui Ki,

James Jordan,

Pedro Medina,..

Gerhard M. Krohn,

Henry Mason,

Ng Chai Hung,

Oct. 17 Leong Nin,

17 Peter Ventnor Grant,

Hongkong, 17th Feb., 1886,

Leung Lew, Shun Tak,

26th July, 1894, Hongkong, 3rd Aug., 1894, Canton, 25th May, 1894, Canton, 28th June, 1894, Hongkong, 30th Aug., 1894, | Hongkong, 9th June, 1894, Hongkong, 8th Sept., 1894, Hongkong, 8th Sept., 1894, Tai Kok Tsoi, 6th July, 1894, Wang Fung, Sun Wui Dis-

trict, 7th Jan., 1894, Cairo, in Egypt,

37,689.00

Letters of Adm. de bonis non. Probatc,

Do..

3,400.00

Yune Tsok Ming,

5,000.00

Sarah Silbermann,

6,000.00

Do.,

Chan Tsun Wing,

50,000.00

Do.,

Wong Jau Shi,.........................

1,000.00

Letters of Adm.,

Official Administrator,

50.00

Do.,

100.00

Do.,

200.00

Do.,

Probate,

Ng Luk,

600.00

Do.,

Leong Mun Lam,

12,000.00

Letters of Adm. 21st Mar., 1894, with Expl. of the

Will annexed,

17 Wee Boon Teck,

Singapore, 22nd Sept., 1888, Letters of Adm.

with the Will annexed,

18 Fung Tsun,

Hongkong, 5th Oct., 1894,

Probate,

Do.,

30 Kwan Lin Oi alias Kwan Ngan, Macao, 9th Sept., 1894,

30 Leong Chak Lum,

30 Henry Batten,...

Nov.

Ho Tsun San,

Frank Lapsley,

F. D. Dr per,

6 Wong Tsung,

6 John Macgregor,.............

Canton, 23rd June, 1894, Khartoun Villa, Beach Road, in the Island of Jersey,

9th Dec., 1893,

Macao, 12th June, 1894, Hongkong, 17th Oct., 1894, Hongkong, 6th Oct., 1894, Hongkong, 3rd July, 1886,

Shanghai, 7th Nov., 1893,

Do., Letters of Adm. with Expl. of the Will annexed,

Probate, Letters of Adm., Do., Letters of Adm. de bonis non, Frobate,

Alfred Bulmer Johnson, the duly author- ized attorney of the said John Pren- tice, Charles W. Hay and Brodie A. Clarke, and until they shall duly apply for and obtain Probate to the said I'state, Godfrey Cornewall Chester Master, the duly authorized attorney of the said Lim Hoh Poah, for the use and be- nefit of the said Lim Hoh Poah, and until he shall duly apply for and obtain Probate to the said Estate, Fung Tan Shi,.... Liu Hau,

Leong Tsoi Shi, Charles Dowdall, the duly authorized attorney of the said Isabell Batten Thomas and Jesse Lambly Thomas, for the use and benefit of the said Isabell Batten Thomas and Jesse Lambly Thomas, and until they shall duly apply for and obtain Probate to the said Estate,

Ho Lum Shi, Official Administrator, Do., Wong Chan Shi,

Kenneth Mackenzie Ross, one of the exe- cutors named in the said Will, power being reserved to make a like grant to James Jardine Bell-Irving and Robert Macgregor, the other execu- tors named in the said Will,

Chui Tung Tak,

Godfrey Cornewall Chester Master,

Yune Tsok Ming,

134,700.00

1,200.00

6,000.00

3,100.00

300.00

840.00 15,000.00

50.00

4,000.00

88,533.91

5,000.00

765.42

5,000.00

100.00

4.000.00

6 Chui Sut Hing,

Kau Tau, Sun Úi,

Do.,

17 William Duffus,

12th Sept., 1894, Edinburgh, 30th Apr., 1894,

Re-sealing

17 Yune Hee Ming alias Yune Pung, Seung Leu, Kwong Tung,

Testament. Probate,

21 | Cháu A-Tsoi,

6 Wong Ying,

Hongkong, 24th May, 1894,

Wong Kong, Sun Ning,

Letters of Adm., | Lau A-Ho,

Sept. 7 Tang Tung Shang,

Canton,

25th June, 1894,

21st July, 1894,

Letters of Adm. with the Will annexed, Probate and Codicil,

Wong Tsz Pau,

Nov. 30 Lau King Sam,

Ma Wan, Heung Shan,

8th Oct., 1894,

600.00

Dec.

4 George John Vowles,

8 Lee Yik Chee,

Hongkong, 5th Nov., 1894,

Honam, Canton,

Lee Leong Shi,

8 Lee Ah Sun alias Lee U Nam,... Kowloon City, (Chinese).

3rd July, 1894,

21st Nov., 1894,

Do..

Probate,

Letters of Adm., Lee Chan Shi, the lawful widow,

1,627.25

11,000.00

3,000.00

Tang Koon Shi, power being reserved to grant a like Probate to Ho A-kin, the other executrix named in the said Will,

Letters of Adm., Lau Mo San, the duly authorized attor- ney of Cheong Shi, for the use and benefit of the said Cheong Shi, and until she shall apply for Letters of Administration,

Official Administrator,

300,750.00

324

CALENDAR of PROBATES and ADMINISTRATION,—Continued.

Date

of Grant.

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Time and Place of Death,

Probate, Administration, with Will annexed, or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

1894. Dec.

3 Frederick William Speidel,

Saigon,

Nov. 21 Robert H. Nisbet, Dec. 18 Grace Maria Ogle,

Value of Estate as set forth in the Commis- sion of Ap- praisement.

1st Oct., 1893,¦ Letters of Adm. | Albert Wilhelm Arthur Becker, the duly

Hongkong, 27th Oct., 1894, Yokohama, 25th Oct., 1894,

with the Will annexed,

Letters of Adm., Letters of Adm. with the Will and Codicil annexed,

authorized attorney of Charles Theo- dor Speidel, for the use and benefit of the heirs of Frederick William Speidel, deceased, and until they shall apply for Probate of the said Estate,. Official Administrator, Charles Stewart Sharp, the duly author-

ized attorney of John William Hard- ing, for the use and benefit of the said John William Harding, and until he shall duly apply for Probate of the said Estate,..... Kwa Chui Sik,

4,679.00 50.00

8,200.00

28 Kwan Shing,

31 Lo Sham,

}}

28 Henry Kennett, 28 Woo Tim,

Hoi Ping, China,

22nd Nov., 1894, Fung Sun, Sam Shiu,

8th Sept.. 1894, Hongkong, 22nd Nov., 1894, Kowloon City, (Chinese),

Probate,

Do.,

Letters of Adm., Do.,

8,000.00

So Leung Shi,

100,00

Beatrice Theresa Kennett, widow, Woo Lau Shi, widow,

2,000.00

500.00

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 25th April, 1895.

C. F. A. SANGSTER, Acting Registrar.

No. 13.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE HEAD MASTER OF THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

No. 4

QUEEN'S COLLege, HONGKONG, 16th January, 1895.

SIR, I have the honour to forward the Annual Report on Queen's College for the year 1894. 1. The total number on the College Roll for the year was 1,048. The Plague, which mercifully spared the lives of our masters and scholars, has however played ruthless havoc with fully half the statistics in the Table following.

2. The following tables will illustrate the condition of the College during the last five years :—

YEAR.

Average

Total Number of Scholars.

Number of School days.

Monthly Enrolment.

Daily Attendance.

Maximum.

Minimum.

1890,

1891,

1892,

1893,

1894,

1890,

1891,

1892,

1893,

1894,

1,075

236

890

683

758

1,108

231

932

712

759

1,062

237

862

700

728

1,012

238

840

639

683

1,048

222

881

545

Number

YEAR.

School Boys Examined.

Percentage of Passes.

Actual Net

School Fees.

Expenditure.

Average Expense of each

Scholar per Average Daily Attendance.

692

89.45

11,912.00

19,222.46

25.34

709

90.26

12,237.00

18,158.60

23.92

671

96.12

12,342.00

19,741.43

27.09

625

93.28

12,348.00

21,405.46

31.33

587

88.58

11,562.00

25,752.00

47.22

3. ATTENDANCE.-The minimum monthly attendance 85 in July contrasts sadly with the maximum 881 in April, which nearly equals the 890 of 1890. In the course of the year 403 boys were admitted, as against 308 in 1893; and of these, 56 entered in the second half of the year, as against 44 in the same period last year. This increased demand for admission, in spite even of an epidemic, may be viewed as an indication, that this college has not suffered in reputation.

4. FINANCES.-It is specially disappointing to note the low figure, at which Revenue derivable from Fees stands. I have already reported to the Treasury that, in view of the $700 actual gain in the first five months of the year, and of the increased admissions above alluded to, there is no exaggeration in assuming $1,200 as the total increase, and $13,500 as the total revenue, that might naturally have been expected, had it not been for the Plague. The total loss in Fees due to this cause cannot be taken at less than $2,000, of which $1,181 is accounted for, by the amount remitted to boys, who were absent in the months of June and July, having left the Colony with their families, in the scare naturally engendered by the Plague. The balance, $800, may be attributed to the fees of six months unpaid by about 100 boys, who are in excess of the number of absentees in the corresponding months of last year. With a heavy loss of revenue and a terrible reduction in attendance, as observable in the fifth column, it is not a matter for surprise, that the Average Expense in the tenth column should appear disproportionate. The Table at the end of this report contains two additional items of expenditure, viz: Adjustment of Exchange in Crown Agents' Account, and Exchange Compensation paid to three masters, who accepted three shillings exchange for the dollar when on leave; these account for the increase in expenditure observable on last year.

5. BUBONIC PLAGUE. On the 1st May, the absentee list, in accordance with normal conditions, was under 4% of the number on the monthly roll; but on account of the outbreak of the Plague over 42% were absent on June 1st, and on July 1st 96.5% were absent, exactly inverting the percentages of two months previously, when that was the precentage of attendance. From the end of May, the non-Chinese scholars, nearly to a boy, absented themselves; two little English boys in the Preparatory School were a bright exception, coming regularly till the College was closed. Of the Chinese boys, the Upper School boys deserve the most credit for regular attendance; for some time, the First Class formed the bulk of the total College attendance. As daily, dead bodies were carried out of streets in

the vicinity of the College, and the smoke and smell of burning stuff, refuse from plague-stricken houses, were borne into the building from a spot not 50 ft. distant, the gradual nature of the exodus deserves praise rather than censure. It is difficult to ascertain with precision, how many of our boys succumbed to this disease. Eight deaths have been reported as due to this cause. Early in June two of our boys, living in quite different parts of the town, suddenly died of plague. Só Man-chau was in school on Saturday, the 2nd, and reported dead and buried on Monday the 4th; on the same Monday, Leung Shi-chák was removed to hospital, and reported dead on the following day. As a consequence, 280 boys left, in the course of the week, and 120 more, before the close of the month. With rare exceptions, the boys observed the usual formalities, bringing their parents or guardians to apply for leave. On the 14th July, there were 48 boys for the 21 class-rooms instead of 832 as in May. His Excellency the Governor, under the circumstances permitted the vacation to begin a fortnight earlier than usual.

6. On re-opening on the 3rd September, 557 boys returned and by the end of the month, this number had risen to 625, not counting 37 boys newly admitted. I attribute this satisfactory return, of so large a number of boys, to the Governor's kind consideration, in remitting on account of the Plague, the arrears of fees due from boys who were absent in the months of June and July; for there can be no doubt that otherwise a considerable number would have stayed away on account of inability to pay such large lump sums as $12, $8 &c. As it is, 235 names were missing between May and September, as against 109 last year or an extra loss of 126 boys in the summer of 1894.

7. RETRENCHMENT.-Experience, as observable in connexion with the formation of a new department, or the extension of an old one, has shown that the expenses grow, in the first few years, to a considerable extent in excess of the original estimate. It is therefore to the credit of Dr. STEWART and Dr. EITEL that their approval of my estimate in 1887 of the number of officers, and items of expenditure, required for the New Building has in no particular been subject to increase; for we cannot take into account, the general increase of 35% and 20% to the Civil Service, nor the item, English Books, where fall in silver has necessitated further adjustment; neither of which events could possibly have been foreseen. The Colonial Treasurer in his evidence before the Retrenchment Committee, said (p. 127) "When men become trained in Treasury work, they become very valuable. If a rush of prosperity comes to the Colony, several of my staff, some of whom are really intelligent men, may leave me at once for better pay" and this sentiment was echoed by other Heads of Department. The same argument applies with greater force to the trained Chinese Assistants of this establishment; if they continue to be underpaid, the old experience of their departure, when their services are most valuable, will again be felt. The onus of showing, that younger and more incompetent Chinese are suitable to be teachers of English, in fourteen of the twenty-one classes of this College, falls on those who dispute my position, which is, that Chinese teachers of ages ranging from 25 to 40, competent to teach a variety of English subjects, surely deserve higher salaries than young Chinese clerks five and ten years their junior, who are only required to copy or translate documents. It has however gravely been suggested to reduce the salaries of these masters which are already lower than those of copying clerks; this would certainly reduce expenditure, but render any chance of maintaining efficiency hopeless.

8. DISTINGUISHED VISITORS.-Dr. GUSTAV OPPERT, Professor at Madras University, and Dr. DENNYS, Protector of Chinese in British North Borneo, both paid a visit and expressed great interest in the education given here. The latter paid us the highest compliment, by selecting after competitive examination, a First Class boy to accompany him back to Borneo, as clerk and interpreter in his own Department.

9. CHANGE IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE COLLEGE.-On the 3rd September I received notice that the Secretary of State had decided that all connection with the Education Department and Queen's College should cease, and that the College should be placed under the management of a Governing Body." This was supplemented on the 6th December, by an explanation conveyed in an extract from the Secretary of State's Despatch, viz: "The change which is now being initiated has been devised in Dr. WRIGHT'S own interests, as well as those of the school. It is an alternative to the existing system, which has been found to be unsatisfactory."

10. NON-CHINESE CLASSES.-It was a pleasure to me to observe that the Retrenchment Committee (par. 136) share my opinion, that it is the duty of the College to make special provision for the education of such English and other non-Chinese boys as wish to enter. Two classes have been specially formed for their benefit, under the charge of English masters; but it will be only possible to maintain these, if the number of pupils does not fall below a minimum of 60 for the two classes combined. It rests therefore entirely with the parents to show their appreciation of the advantages specially devised for them. One well-known Government Official, by sending his two sons here, has broken through the prejudice, with which we have always had to contend viz: that the preponderance of Chinese scholars renders this place unsuitable for boys of other nationalities. In this connexion however it is not to be forgotten, that there is hardly a school in the Colony but has at length admitted Chinese, after starting with exclusively non-Chinese pupils. The two classes, above spoken of, are for convenience called from the position of their class-rooms, Class Ic. and IIc, but this gives an inaccurate impression of the standard of work. Each of these classes is divided into two sections. In Class Ic, only one boy took the papers of Class IA, the remainder of the Senior Section taking those of IB; while the Junior Section found Class II papers sufficiently difficult. Class IIc, took History, Geography and Composition with Class III, and the Seniors also worked Euclid and Algebra papers prepared for the same class; but in Arithmetic and Grammar, the Senior Section sat with Class IV, and the Junior

}

with Class V. As a compensation for the time spent in Chinese by other classes, these two take Latin. To remove any misconception, and as an act of justice to the masters concerned, I have, this year, kept the four sections of the non-Chinese classes separate, distinguishing them as N1, N2, N3, N4. I must not omit to mention, that His Excellency the Governor has shown his sympathy with this movement, by relieving the Master in charge of the Senior Non-Chinese Class, Mr. MACHELL, of further study of Chinese, that he may devote himself more completely to developing this branch of the College, and continue without overstrain to himself to superintend the athletics of these boys.

11. OXFORD LOCAL EXAMINATIONS.-We paid 18 fees, but only 15 boys presented themselves, of whom eight obtained certificates, viz: three Seniors under 19 years of age, and five Juniors over 16 years of age.

Of Special Subjects, 1 boy passed in Bookkeeping, 2 in Drawing, 2 in Physiography and 1 in Trigonometry. U HANG-KAM, who headed the Senior List in this place, was marked Good in Arithmetic, Shakespeare and Algebra; and Fox CHI-YAN, who took the same position amongst the Juniors, obtained the same mark in Arithmetic and Shakespeare. Of the eight boys who obtained Certificates, 4 were marked Good in Arithmetic, 4 in Shakespeare, 2 in Geography and 1 in Algebra. Taken as a whole the result is very satisfactory, the percentage of passes as compared with last year being 53: 58. There is a marked improvement in the work of the non-Chinese boys, though the Chinese still lead.

12. ANGLO-CHINESE CLASS.-The number of boys examined in these divisions dwindled from 58 in 1889 to 12 in 1893. When then in March last I found only two boys presenting themselves to form a class, I first enquired of the parents the cause of their sons' absence, and then reported to the Government the extinction of the Anglo-Chinese Class. The reasons alleged by the parents appeared to be valid, and may be classified in the following manner, (1) several boys are under ten years of age, and it is objected that the study of Chinese, in addition to English is too severe a strain; (2) others profess to attend classes for improvement in their own languages, Portuguese, Arabic &c; (3) others live out at East Point, and find it impossible or unhealthy to remain from 8 A.M. till 5 P.M. without a solid meal. Of the 103 non-Chinese boys on the Roll, 71 are in the Upper School and therefore exempted by Government Order, there remain then 32 to form the Anglo-Chinese Class, but 20 of these are about 8 or 9 years of age.

13. THE STAFF.-I am happy to report an exceptionally good Bill of Health. Mr. MAY, the Second Master, went on leave in April, after the completion of six years' service, and Mr. DEALY is acting for him, proving a very energetic and satisfactory substitute. Mr. BARLOW also went on leave, on a plea of urgent private affairs. Mr. JONES was temporarily transferred to the Magistracy, as Acting First Clerk. We were therefore, for eight months, short of the services of three masters. The consequent necessary changes put the First Chinese Assistant in charge of the Preparatory School, Mr. WAN of Class IIB, the highest Upper School Class yet entrusted to a Chinese Assistant, and deprived one of the Lower School Classes of the advantage of an English Master, a luxury we can only afford when the complete English Staff is on duty. Of the Chinese Assistants, four were employed in the Upper School, instead of two, as last year. Messrs. LUK, WAN, NG and LEUNG were in charge of Classes IIIA, IIB, IIIc, and IIIB, respectively, and their percentages, 89, 88, 92 and 92, compare very favourably with the average results of this year. My recommendation of increased salaries for Chinese Assistants is thus strongly supported by further experience.

14. HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATIONS.-In 1894, for the second year running this important factor in the general success of the year was forcibly held in abeyance, on account of the general exodus from the Colony. A considerable proportion of the failures among boys educationally weak, is due to the absence of this check and its attendant advice.

15. RECREATION.-Drill still continues, but unless it can be put in charge of a duly qualified instructor, it not only entails waste of time and money, but as conducted last year is positively prejudicial to the maintenance of discipline. The following report from Mr. MACHELL on Recreation may prove of interest.

"The sports have developed an organisation, that bids fair to stand. Boys now play "regularly and heartily, who looked askance at athletics two years ago. The Cricket "team of masters and boys is thus far undefeated. Football as played in the College grounds is an expensive amusement; three balls are used up monthly, though diligently "repaired and well kept. For a month prior to commencement of Annual Examination, "the verandahs of Hollywood Crescent and the space outside the lower West Gate were thronged with spectators of the 4 to 5 P.M. games. Lost balls were kicked back with "a zest which produced great merriment when a too zealous coolie unwisely kicked "squarely at the ball with his bare toes. There are two or three privately owned "cricket sets and at least three independent football owners. These occupy the lower ground during the longer periods of recess &c. No accident has marred play, though "keen rivalry exists between the first and second teams. The drill has been very "unsatisfactory. A broken succession of tactless and incompetent instructors wearied "the boys beyond measure, and they were only kept from openly resenting the tiresome "bungling by my frequent presence at and personal conduct of the drill. The Cadet "Section is kept up. Their uniform is only fitted for summer wear. Five of the "Queen's College Cadets are now Volunteers. The formation of a Chinese Cadet Corps "was, owing to the Plague and the resulting lee-way in class-work, out of the question.

"The entire question of recreation is beset with difficulties. The College grounds are "fairly large but sharply and strongly marked off into Southern, Central and Northern "areas respectively. Football and Cricket are possible only in the Northern area, and "then only at a costly expenditure of material. The Valley is distant (a serious matter "when time is short and many of the boys poor) and no proper site can be uninterruptedly "used. Bowrington Plantation will provide sites shortly, but the distance must always prove a drawback. Where one master only organises and regularly attends sports it "is very uphill work. The mere playing, on invitation, in an important match, is "kindly but useless from any sustaining and developing standpoint.'

16. ANNUAL EXAMINATION.-Two courses were open to me, in conducting the examination this year. Either to set easier papers, and report that this course was adopted on account of the disorganised year's work; or to adhere to the usual severe standard, and claim lenient judgment on the same plea. I preferred the latter course, in the interests of comparative statistics, which would become valueless with an uncertain standard. The total number examined was 587, of whom 520 or 88 per cent. passed, i.e. a loss of 5 per cent. on last year, though in 1894 we had only three-quarters of a school year; a result which cannot be viewed as despicable. The three sections of the College are thus represented :-

Passed percentage.

Boys examined.

1894

1893

1894

190

280

155

Upper School......................217 Lower School..........201

Preparatory...

...169

1893

From the above figures it is clear, that the Lower School has suffered most, and this was reasonably to be expected. As I have above reported, the Upper School was more steady in attendance during the Plague while the Preparatory, being usually examined on a half-year's work, was not much affected by that calamity. With the exception of Arithmetic, Geography and History, the general percentages of subjects are fairly up to the mark. The figures obtained in Colloquial, Reading and Latin exceed last year's. The fatally small percentages in some classes in a few subjects is the result of the presence of idly disposed or less mentally robust scholars, who naturally found it more difficult to recover lost time. I think that the masters deserve credit for their steady application in the face of peculiarly depressing circumstances, while some of them are entitled to special commendation for results hardly inferior to the average year.

17. The usual Tables of the number of boys examined and passed in each subject, and of percentages of passes are here subjoined:

TABLE I.-NUMBER OF BOYS PASSED IN EACH SUBJECT, 1894.

CLASS.

Total No. Examined.

Total No. Passed.

Colloquial.

Reading.

Arithmetic.

Dictation.

English to Chinese,

Chinese to English.

Grammar.

Geography.

Map Drawing.

Composition.

History.

Algebra.

Euclid.

General Intelligence.

Book-keeping.

Shakespeare.

Latin.

IA.,

IB., N1, N 2, IIA......

IIB...... N 3, N 4,

14 15 14

494

16 13 19

14 13 14 14

127

11 5 8 11 4 4

15 13

3 14

15 8 9 12

3 11 11

7 13

14 10 5

IIIA.,

IIIB.,

IIIc.,

IVA.,

IVB.,

IVC.,

VA.,

26 25 24 26 20 19 23 25 22 22 24 17

18 23 14 11 11 14 4 12 7 6 7 7 3 6 38 34 31 38 19 23 35 37 23 8 24 22 23 24 14 16

23 24 12 11 24 22 21 24 18 22 23 23 20 3 41 37 36 41 17 31 39 34 22 24 23 20 24 5 15 17 13 11 17 2 11 41 32 33 41 21

::མམ;:;

2 3

21 16 18

6 2

∞1∞

227

24 23

23 19

2899

383

19 10

22 33 33

22 20 11 16 20 21

15 11 6 11 12 14

30 14 24

VB.,

18 23 4

VIA.,

VIB.,

28 28

VIIA.,

44 38

VIIB.,

23 21

VIIIA.,

VIIIB.,

VIIIC.,

28 26 49 48 25 25.

Total,................

24 15 26 24 25 26 6

24 25 23 16 20

21 28 11 28 25 28 27 17 25

42 31 28 35 35 33

23 16 22 21 20 17

26 24 20 23 25

49 48 46 44 45

25 22 24 24 22

587520 353 | 580 | 336 | 422 | 480|463293 | 215 | 153 | 307 | 108 | 146 98

Examined in each Subject,.....(1894) | 418 | 587 587 | 587 | 541 | 541 485 418 201 364 210 210 186 110

...(1893) | 470 625 625 625 | 573 573 538 | 470 280 392 190 173 | 134 93 51

Do.

do.,

4 6 16

227228

240

222 222 ⠀⠀⠀

24 5

11 28

270346

314

2 +

:མྦུ」:

Writing.

...

: : : 85

46 25

...

33333

36 39 23

60 59 39

42 49

CLASS.

TABLE II-PERCENTAGE OF PASSES IN EACH SUBJECT, 1894.

Total No. Examined.

To. Percentage Passed.

Colloquial.

Reading.

Arithmetic.

Dictation.

English to Chinese.

Chinese to English.

Geography.

Map Drawing.

Grammar.

Composition.

History.

Algebra.

Euclid.

General Intelligence.

Book-keeping.

Shakespeare.

Latin.

IA.,

93 100 93

67100

87 93 67

100

IB.,

84 68 100

N 1,...

93 100 100

...

50 93

94 16 100 71

21 71

N 2,

72 100

18 28

36 9 28

53 60 80 80 60 87

58 58 36

85 57

IIA......

92100

77 96

92 88

92 19

IIB.,

88 96

64 72

44 24

N 3,

14 79 79 100

28 86

43 14

93 64

71 21

56:::

N 4, IIIA.,

86 100 100

81 100

60 21

IIIB., IIIC.,

24 92

96 100

100

24 92

88100

96 96

IVA.,

IVB., IVC.,

41 90

88 100 41

54 54

24 96

83 100

17 76

65 100 12

35 65 70

VA.,

41 78

80100 51

34 58 66

VB.,

24 62

75 96

17 37

17 25

VIA.,

26 92

96 100

23 88

92 96

88 61

VIB.,

28100

75100

39 100

89 100

96 43

VILA., ................

95 70 64

79 79

VIIB.,

VIIIA.,

VIIIB.,

VIIIc.,

25 100

8888

100

8888888

100 69 96 92 87 74

85 71 82 89

Writing. ***J***

74 53

92 54

...

***

100 98 94 89

96 96

888888

...

100

1894,............ 587 88 84 99 57

1893,....... 625 93 79 97

5855

77 86

888

888888

52 36 60 68

70 77

86 90

88889

63 74

TABLE III-CHINESE EXAMINATION, 1894.

CHINESE SCHOOL. Percentage Table of Passes.

Class.

Total No. Examined.

Essay.

Letter.

King-kai.

Prosody. Tuitui.

Total Percentage Passed.

2 3 4 3 2

8 8 + O 2 2 2 8

2 2 2 8 a

≈ 8 * 8 * * N 8

2 2 2 2 ∞ ∞ ∞

≈ 2 8 8 8 8

18. REMARKS ON INDIVIDUAL SUBJECTS.

Reading. Some advance even on last year. An attempt to develop better modulation of the voice, in all classes including non-Chinese would produce further improvement.

Colloquial.-Highly creditable; the conversation in the topmost classes ranging freely over a variety of unforeseen topics surprised me by the amount of intelligence displayed in the answers, and knowledge of general subjects outside the class routine.

Dictation.-Fairly up to the average. Considerable improvement in Ia.

Composition.-Excellent results. Considerable acquaintance with English idiom is manifested. More drilling however is required, as good papers are often marred by careless mistakes, which the writers themselves should be capable of correcting.

Grammar.-Makes but a poor show. I gather from the mistakes in parsing and analysis, that masters do not generally pursue the healthy custom of drawing attention to grammatical difficulties that occur in the course of a reading lesson. These impromptu studies in grammar are the most impressive and effective that can be given.

History-Generally very good. In the three sections of Class III there was too great evidence of memoriter work, which probably accounts for the poverty of the answers, which were largely unconnected with the questions.

Arithmetic.-Generally very weak.

Algebra.-Considerable improvement in the three sections of the First Class, and excellent work

in III. B.C.

Euclid. Excellent in IIA; still terribly poor among non-Chinese.

Geography.-Poor results in all, but the five sections of the first two classes. Shakespeare.-Admirable work on a paper perhaps stiffer than last year. Translations from and into Chinese. Maintain their average good standard.

Latin.-Taking into account the shortness of the school-year the papers of all three sections deserve very considerable praise. In N1, N2 the translations from Cæsar and parsing are weak. I also fail to understand, why boys in N3. after one year's study should have a better knowledge of the use of case, than boys in N2. after two years' work. However the failure of last year in this subject is amply atoned for by the progress observable in 1894.

Book-Keeping.-Taken by Mr. JAMESON, in the absence of Mr. BARLOW, is quite equal to last

year's work.

General Intelligence.--Universal collapse, with the exception of IA.

Chemistry.-Had to be omitted from examination, as irregular attendance utterly marred the prospect of success in a weekly subject which requires steady application.

Mensuration.-One boy took this subject with Latin as substitutes for Translation papers from and into Chinese to enable him to compete for the Morrison Scholarship, in IA. He did a very good paper; and was only 62 marks behind the total 1303 (out of 1500) obtained by the successful

I have the honour to be,

candidate.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, D.D. Oxon,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

Acting Colonial Secretary.

&c.,

1894.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE.

Head Master.

Month.

Number of Scholars.

Number

of Attendances.

Number of School Days.

Average Daily Attendance.

Remarks.

January,

645

11.891

February,

807

3,144

March,

859

17,462

April,

881

11,930

May,

860

17,491

June,

529

3,505

July,

752

UNNENAN

594.55

786.

793.72

795.33

728.79

140.2

41.77

August,

September,

662

12,540

570.

October,

659

14,963

598.52

November,

641

14,837

593.48

December,

614

12,546

570.27

Total,

121,061

222

Total Number of ATTENDANCES during 1894, Number of SCHOOL DAYS during 1894,

Average DAILY ATTENDANCE during 1894,

Total Number of SCHOLARS at this School during 1894,

.121,061 222 545.32 1,048

GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, D.D. Oxon,

Head Master.

}

AVERAGE EXPENSE of each SCHOLAR at Queen's College during 1894.

Expenditure,-

Cash Book,

Exchange Compensation,

.$ 29,717.50

1,432.95

Do.,

Crown Agents,

Do.,

Adjustment of Exchange,

Deduct,-

School Fees,.....

Refund,.........

....

4,029.10

2,136.45

$ 37,316.00

..$ 11,562.00

2.00

$11,564.00

Total Expense of the College,...........

......$ 25,752.00

Average Expense of each Scholar per Number on Roll,

Do.

do.

per Average Daily Attendance, ...........................................

.$24.57

47.22

GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, D.D. OxoN,

Head Master.

No. 13.

HONGKONG.

THE EDUCATIONAL REPORT FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

447

No. 31

EDUCATION Department,

HONGKONG, 4th May, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward to you the Annual Report on Education for the year 1894.

2. GENERAL EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS.-The total number of Educational Institutions of all descrip- tions, known to have been at work in the Colony of Hongkong during the year 1894, amounts to 232 Schools, with an enrolment of 10,750 scholars. More than one half of these, viz., 5,964 scholars, attended 99 Grant-in-Aid Schools; 2,686 scholars attended 21 Government Schools; 1,757 scholars were under instruction in 104 Chinese Kaifong Schools, and 343 scholars in 8 unclassed public or private Schools. Compared with the enrolment of the preceding year, these figures show a decrease of 45 Schools with 1,373 scholars. This extraordinry decrease is caused by the outbreak, in summer 1894, of the bubonic plague and the consequent removal from the Colony of untold numbers of families children. But as these figures refer only to enrolment, which was well nigh fixed before the plague commenced, the 45 Schools that have disappeared do not represent the whole injury inflicted by the plague upon local education, but merely the nett number of Schools entirely closed. It will be shewn below that the attendance of the Schools suffered even greater loss than the mere enrolment.

3. DECENNIAL STATISTICS OF SCHOOLS UNDER THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.-The total num- ber of Schools, subject to supervision and examination on the part of the Education Department (exclusive of Queen's College and Police School), amounted in the year 1894 to 118 Schools, as com- pared with 90 Schools in the year 1884 and 39 Schools in the year 1874. The total number of scholars, enrolled in this same class of Schools during the year 1894, amounted to 7,246 scholars, as compared with 5,885 scholars in the year 1884 and 2,563 scholars in the year 1874. In other words, there has been an increase of 51 such Schools with 3,322 scholars during the ten years from 1874 to 1884 and a similar, but (owing to the plague and the withdrawal of Queen's College) much smaller increase of only 20 Schools and 1,361 scholars.

་

4. TRIENNIAL STATISTICS OF SCHOOLS UNDER THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.-In the year 1892 there were 130 Schools with 8,277 scholars under the supervision of the Department. In the follow- ing year (1893) there was a decrease of 4 Schools and an increase of 329 scholars, but, owing to the above mentioned causes, a further adventitious decrease of 18 Schools and 1,360 scholars took place in the year 1894.

5. COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS AND GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS UNDER THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.-Referring again to those 118 Schools with 7,246 scholars under the cognizance of the Education Department, there were in the year 1894 as many as 5,964 scholars (nearly five-sixths of the whole number) enrolled in 99 Grant-in-Aid Schools where they received a Christian education, whilst 1,282 scholars (a little over one-sixth) attended 19 Government Schools receiving a secular education. These secular Government Schools are all Free Schools with the exception of the Belilios Public School, the fees of which (covering also cost of books and stationery) are considerably below the average of fees charged in similar Voluntary Schools. All the religious Grant-in-Aid Schools, as well as the Government Schools, offer purely Chinese instruction free of all charge. It is only in the case of Schools giving a European education that twelve of the Grant-in-Aid Schools (9 English and 3 Portuguese Schools) and one Government School (Belilios Public School) charge school-fees, the latter at the rate of half a dollar a month, the former at rates varying from half a dollar to three dollars a month. An absolutely free European education is offered in English by 8 Grant-in-Aid Schools and 4 Government Schools, and in Portuguese by 3 Grant-in-Aid Schools, whilst an absolutely free Chinese education is offered by 77 Grant-in-Aid Schools and 14 Government Schools.

6. ATTENDANCE IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.-The havoc wrought by the outbreak of the plague among those Schools which maintained their existence throughout this ordeal, appears very strikingly from the Tables (IV, V, VII, and IX) appended to this report. Comparing the attendance of Schools in 1894, as given in these returns, with the corresponding returns of the preceding year, it is seen that the minimum daily attendance, which in 1893 equalled 64.92 per cent. of the maximum daily attendance, fell in 1894 to 38.80 per cent., and that the average daily attendance, which in 1893 amounted to 78.19 per cent. of the enrolment, fell in 1894 to 61.41 per cent.

448

7. LOCAL DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOLS IN GENERAL.-The injuries which the local distribution of Schools suffered during the year 1894, in consequence of the plague, affected the Saiyingpoon District more than any other portion of the town. In the other Districts, Schools closed through the plague were within a few months re-opened in other houses not far off. While thus the total loss of Schools extinguished by the plague is very evenly distributed over all the Districts of the Colony, each losing from 4 to 6 Schools only, as many as 15 Schools were wiped out of existence by the plague in the one District of Saiyingpun. Of the Schools extinguished by the plague, the vast majority (40) were Kaifong Schools. The changes which the location of the people underwent, in the districts principally affected by the plague, will soon be overtaken by the natural expansion of the Grant-in-Aid system, and I have no doubt that in a few years the educational injuries caused by the plague will be entirely effaced. As tentative measures have been taken both at Kowloon and on the Peak to supply the English families of those two Districts with Schools, there is now not a single District in the Colony left unsupplied with a measure of School accommodation, sufficient at least in proportion to the exist- ing demand. I subjoin a Table exhibiting the distribution of secular and religious Schools throughout the Colony.

Table shewing the local distribution of Secular and Religious Schools in 1894.

Districts

exclusive of Peak and Tsimshatsui.

Govern- ment.

Kaifong.

Grant- in-

Un-

Total.

classed.

Aid.

Grand Total.

Schools

Sec. Schools.

Scholars.

Sec. Schools.

Scholars.

Rel. Schools.

Scholars.

Sec. Schools.

Scholars.

Rel. Schools.

Scholars.

Sec. Schools.

Scholars.

Rel. Schools.

Scholars.

Schools.

Scholars.

of all

Descriptions.

I. & II. Kennedy Town and Shek-

tongtsui,

III. Saiyingpun,

IV. & V. Taipingshan & Sheung-

wan,

VI. Chungwan,

VII. & VIII. Hawan & Wantsai,.

IX. & X. Bowrington & Sookon-

pou,

XI. Villages of Hongkong,

...

3 90

215 8 100 18|1,040|

41,450 31 458 22 1,625

1 29

356 26 453 211,580

3 305 11 244 11 605

66 1 16

118

218 12 189 9 350

...

-J

XII. Villages of Kowloon,........ 2 76 15 297 12 556 1 40

4 142

11 315

20 1,082

1,397

...

36 1,937

54 27 809

22 1,634

2126

14 549 13 731

2 22

221,625

858 998

3,562

2,443

27 1,280

118

200

407 9 350 28 757

413 12 556 30 969

8888

Total,..... 21 2,686 104 1,757 995,964 2 69 6 274 127 4,512 |105|6,238 232 10,750

8. EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE OF THE GOVERNMENT.-The sum total of educational payments made by the Government during the year 1894 ($79,268.14 as compared with $79,413.84 in 1893) amounted, after deducting school-fees and educational refunds paid into the Treasury ($11,896.19 as compared with $12,683.00 in 1893), to $67,371.95 (as compared with $66,730.84 in 1893). The slight increase in nett expenditure is chiefly due to the decrease caused by the plague, in the item of school-fees. The details of educational expenditure incurred in the year 1894 are as follows:-Office of Education Department $5,411.52; Queen's College (after deducting school-fees) $24,321.63; Belilios Public School (after deducting school-fees) $2,777.67; sixteen other Departmental Schools $5,743.07; 99 Grant-in-Aid Schools $25,312.44; Physical Training $192.00; Government Scholar- ships $3,805.62. The nett cost of education ($67,371.95) amounted in 1894 to 2.07 per cent. of the total Colonial Revenue (as compared with 3.22 per cent. in 1893, and 3.29 per cent. in 1892). The total number of scholars educated in Hongkong in 1894 at the expense or with the aid of the Govern- ment being 8,294, the education of each scholor cost the Government (exclusive of two scholarships held in England) $7.66 (as compared with $7.75 in 1893 and $8.57 in 1892). In the several classes ...of educational institutions in the Colony, the cost to Government of the education of each scholar under instruction was as follows:-in Queen's College $24.57; in Belilios Public School $21.87; at other Departmental Schools $4.86; in Grant-in-Aid Schools $4.23. The Managers of those 99 Grant-in-Aid Schools, who received from the Government in 1894, as Grants-in-Aid based on the definite results ascertained by the individual examination of each scholar, the sum of $25,312.44,

449

expended during the same year on those Schools, out of the resources of their respective Societies, supplemented in the case of seven Schools by school-fees, the sum of $58,950.55.

9. NATURE OF THE EDUCATION GIVEN IN THE SCHOOLS OF THE COLONY.-As regards the nature of the education given in local Schools of all descriptions, the vast majority give, of course, a purely Chinese education in the classical Chinese language. There were, in the year 1894, as many as 187 such Schools with 6,538 scholars at work, viz., 95 Kaifong Schools with 1,627 scholars, 88 Schools under Government supervision with 4,689 scholars, and 4 unclassed Schools with 222 scholars. As to Schools giving a purely English education in the English language only, there were, in 1894, at work 26 English Schools with 1,900 scholars, viz., 13 Schools under Government supervision with 1,649. scholars, 9 Kaifong Schools with 130 scholars and 4 unclassed Schools with 121 scholars. But to these must be added the Anglo-Chinese Schools of the Colony, that is to say, Schools in which the English language is taught with the use of the Chinese vernacular (in the lower standards). Of such Anglo-Chinese Schools there were at work, in the year 1894, 11 Schools under Government super- vision with 1,951 scholars. There were further 5 Schools giving to 201 scholars a European education in the Portuguese language, and 3 Schools giving to 160 scholars a European education in the Chinese language.

10. FEMALE EDUCATION.-Leaving the Police School with 356 scholars (men) out of considera- tion, but including Queen's College with its 1,048 boys, the relative numbers of boys and girls under instruction in the Colony stood in 1894 as under :-Government Schools, 1,928 boys and 402 girls; Grant-in-Aid Schools, 3,251 boys and 2,713 girls; Kaifong Schools 1,735 boys and 22 girls; unclassed Schools 102 boys and 241 girls; total 7,016 boys and 3,378 girls. In other words, among the whole number of scholars under instruction in the Schools of the Colony in the year 1894, the girls numbered only 32.49 per cent. This is below the average of the last three years and to some extent caused by the plague which naturally affected girls' schools comparatively more than boys' schools. But the fact is nevertheless quite clear that female education in the Colony is generally in a backward condition, and notably neglected in the Kaifong Schools.

11. NUMBER OF UNEDUCATED CHILDREN IN THE COLONY.-The population of Hongkong, in 1894, has been estimated by the Registrar General, without reference to the removal from the Colony of large numbers of women and children, at 246,006 persons, including 235,224 Chinese and 10,782 persons of non-Chinese extraction (including Army and Navy). On the basis of these figures I estimate the number of children of local school age (6 to 16 persons) present in the Colony, before the outbreak of the plague, at 31,980, viz., 16,950 boys and 15,030 girls. From the returns of this Department, it appears that there were under instruction in Schools of all descriptions during the year 1894, 7,016 boys and 3,378 girls. This would. indicate that as many as 21,586 children, viz., 9,934 boys and 11,652 girls of school-going age were not attending School during the year 1894. But as it is certain that a considerable number (say one half) of these boys and girls, 6 to 16 years of age, though not attending School in 1894, owing to their having left School without going through the full course of 10 years' schooling, had previously been for 3 to 4 years under instruction, all that can be said is that the official returns indicate that 9,934 boys and 11,652 girls remained imperfectly educated, and that about half of this number, viz., 4,967 boys and 5,826 girls escaped the education net altogether, and may be put down as remaining uneducated.

12. RESULTS OF THE ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS.-As far as the 99 Grant-in-Aid Schools are concerned, the detailed results of the annual examination of these Schools will be found summarized in Tables X and XI appended to this report, where the grants allowed, and the percentage of scholars passed in each School in 1894, are stated and compared with the results of the preceding year, and in Table XII which records the percentage of passes gained in each subject. As regards the Depart- mental Schools, Tables II to VII supply the most important particulars.

13. BELILIOS PUBLIC SCHOOL.--The former Girls' Central School (giving an English education to European, Eurasian and Chinese children) having been amalgamated, in December 1893, with two existing Chinese Schools which gave a purely Chinese education, has been denominated, since 1st January, 1894, the Belilios Public School. This School, located in a fine building erected by the Honourable E. R. BELILIOS on the site of the old Central School granted by the Government, has been worked in 1894 as one School in two divisions, viz., an English and a Chinese division. The Chinese division consisted, until the close of the year, of two distinct Chinese Schools under separate Masters, but will, owing to the retirement of one master, whose place has been supplied by female teachers, henceforth appear in the returns as one. The enrolment of the Belilios School stood in 1894 at 402 scholars, viz., 127 in the English, and 175-scholars in the Chinese division. This must be considered as a very satisfactory beginning. The average daily attendance, however, was not so encouraging. It stood in April (before the plague commenced) at 253 scholars and in December at 144 scholars. Owing to the proximity of the building to the centre of the infection, the Belilios School felt the effects of the plague far more than the majority of the Schools under this Department. The results of the teaching given in this School are very satisfactory, and the institution is steadily commending itself to those classes of the population for whose special benefit it has been established.

14. DEPARTMENTAL DISTRICT SCHOOLS.-Three of the Government Schools were swept away by the plague and will not be re-opened as the Grant-in-Aid system will readily make good the gap. The other Schools weathered the storm bravely and commenced to resume their ordinary aspects

450

before the close of the year. New regulations for the conduct of these Schools were issued in March 1894, to amend the old regulations of 1882 with respect to certain illegal practices and particularly to make provision for the more systematic teaching of English colloquial in Anglo-Chinese Schools.

15. GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS.-Five new Grant-in-Aid Schools were opened at the commence- ment of the year 1894, but nine other Grant-in-Aid Schools had to be struck off the list in autumn, as they had been annihilated by the plague and by the consequent movement of the population. In the middle of the year a new district (Tsimshatsui) on Kowloon Peninsula was supplied with an English Grant-in-Aid School by the energetic public spirit which animates the British residents of Kowloon. The Committee which started this School encountered, however, extraordinary difficulties and found themselves unable to comply with all the conditions of the Code. Although recognized by the Government, this School could not be included, during the year, in the list of Schools entitled to a grant, but the Government promised to give to the Committee every assistance to enable them to succeed in their praiseworthy endeavour to make this much-needed School a self-supporting institution. In addition to the School-house at Little Hongkong, the former Harbour Office at Aberdeen was placed at the disposal of the Church Mission at a nominal rent to use these old buildings for the purposes of Grant-in-Aid Schools. A vacant room in the School-house on Caroline Hill was also leased to the London Mission for use as a Grant-in-Aid School. On 21st May, 1894, a panic spread, like wild fire, and emptied most of the Chinese Schools in town owing to the rumour that the Govern- ment had resolved, in order to stop the plague, to select a few children from each School and to excise their livers in order to provide the only remedy which would cure plague patients. This silly rumour, accredited by the fact that Chinese national custom sanctions the medical use of excised portions of the living human body, gained general credence among the mothers of children attending purely Chinese Schools and served to show how little way has been made yet by the Government of Hong- kong in the direction of making their more enlightened aims understood by the Chinese population. Chinese women in Hongkong do not seem even now to have any more confidence in the Colonial Government than they had some ten years ago when the girls' schools of the Colony were suddenly emptied by the rumour that the Government was about to select a girl from each school to bury the children alive in the Taitamtuk tunnel to ensure the success of the aqueduct. It must be said to the credit of the Managers that not only every effort was made to counteract this panic, but that every- thing possible was done by them to keep all roomy and well-ventilated Schools at work in spite of their depletion by the plague. School Managers and teachers were altogether unfortunate during the year 1894, as regards Grants-in-aid. The grants earned at the close of the year 1893 and payable in February, 1894, had to be subjected to a pro rata reduction of 8 per cent. as the amount earned under the Code ($27,432.78) exceeded the amount available under the vote of the Legislature ($25,370.00) by $2,062.78, and as at the close of the year 1894 the earning power of the Chinese Schools had, under the restrictions of the New Code and in consequence of the plague, so much decreased that the sum total earned as grants for 1894 ($20,388.75), instead of increasing as hitherto had been the case from year to year, fell short of the grant of the preceding year by $7,044.03. This first application of the new Code (1893) to the examination of Grant-in-aid Schools, which have now seven standards and a considerable list of special subjects, gave satisfactory evidence of the wholesome nature of the changes made. The regular gradation, now in force, of all the subjects from the lowest to the highest, has resulted in a greater evenness of results in each. The examinations in Elementary Science and English Etymology clearly indicated that these subjects, which have evidently been taken up con amore by both teachers and scholars, are producing a good effect towards raising the standard of general intelligence among the scholars. At the suggestion of the Honourable Dr. Ho KAI, the Board of Examiners passed, in June 1894, a stricture on the system of teaching English in local Schools for Chinese, which is virtually a repetition of the complaints which I repeatedly made during the last few years. I regret to have failed to convince Her Majesty's Government of the reality and serious nature of the defect referred to, which is painfully in evidence by the fact that the promotion of the use of the English language in the Chinese commercial and social life of this Colony makes no progress because it is not materially aided by local Schools. What I refer to, is a Resolution of the Board of examiners which has been brought by the local Government to the notice of the Schools concerned in the following words :-"Resolved, that it is desirable to solicit the attention of the Government to the fact elicited by the examination lately held with reference to vacancies under the Government of Perak, as well as by previous examinations, viz., that in the education of Chinese youths insufficient attention seems to be bestowed in Hongkong on English Colloquial, the Chinese candidates examined by the Board being generally unable to speak English idiomatically." Apart from the plague, the year 1894 has proved disastrous to the educational interests of the Colony also by the extraordinary inroads made by death among local educationists. The death of Bishop RAIMONDI deprived not merely the Roman Catholics of the Colony of their greatest and most energetic educational reformer, but all supporters of religious education of one of their foremost leaders. Ever since Dr. LEGGE established the reign of secularism in the Colony (in 1861), Bishop RAIMONDI was the principal champion in the Colony of local religious education and fought for it long before the Protestant Missionaries burst the fetters of secu- larism in 1879. To the late Mr. C. J. BATEMAN, by whose premature death the High School came to an end, the Colony owes the introduction of the Cambridge and Oxford local examinations. The late Brother PATRICK of St. Joseph's College, whose death in 1894 was by all interested in education in this Colony felt to involve an irreparable loss was, like Mr. BATEMAN, not only a born teacher but a

451

specially successful tutor in the subjects of secondary education. Both these Masters exercised a very strong personal influence on their scholars who will ever treasure their memory with gratitude.

16. LOCAL EXAMINATIONS.-The results of the annual Oxford Local Examinations, held in Hongkong in July 1894, were as under:-I. Junior Division.-Honours List, none. Pass List. Diocesan School, 6 passes; Victoria English School, 1 pass. Candidates, who, having exceeded the age of 16 years satisfied the Examiners,-Queen's College, 5 passes. Successful candidates who obtained distinction, none. Details of examination results of Junior Division:-presented 27; examined 23; passed in preliminary subjects, 20; passed in religious knowledge, fully 5, partly 4; passed in English, fully 20, partly 2; passed in mathematics, 7; passed in drawing, 2. Total of certificates issued to candidates of proper age, 7; to candidates beyond the limit of age, 5. H. Senior Division.-Honours List, none. Pass List,-Queen's College, 3 passes. Successful candidates who, having exceeded the limit of age (19 years), satisfied the examiners, Queen's College, none. ful candidates who obtained distinction, none. Details of examination results, of Senior Division:- presented, 13; examined, 10; passed in preliminary subjects, 9; passed in religious knowledge, fully 2, partly 2; passed in English, fully 8, partly 1; passed in inathematics, 3; passed in drawing, 1. Total of certificates issued to candidates of proper age, 3. The foregoing results may be summarized thus-Queen's College 8 passes (of which 5 were obtained by excess of age); Diocesan School, 6 passes; Victoria English School, 1 pass.

Success-

17. BELILIOS MEDAL AND PRIZE EXAMINATIONS.-At the annual competitive examinations for Belilios Medals and Prizes (for the year 1894), 30 picked scholars from the principal Schools of the Colony entered the lists viz.:-11 European or Chinese boys, 5 European girls and 14 Chinese girls. The Schools represented in this competition were St. Joseph's College, the Diocesan School, the Victoria English School, the Victoria Home and Orphanage School, the Basel Mission and the Berlin Foundling House School. In the boys' division, St. Joseph's College took the 1st and 4th and the Diocesan School the 2nd, 3rd and 5th prizes. In the English girls' division, the Victoria English School took the 1st and 2nd prizes. In the Chinese girls' division, the 1st and 3rd prizes fell to the Victoria Home and Orphanage, and the 2nd, 4th and 5th prizes to the Basel Mission School.

18. PHYSICAL TRAINING. An inspection parade of the Cadet Corps was held on 8th January, 1894, and, in result, the Military Authorities, discouraged by the excessive preponderance of alien elements in the Corps, resolved to abstain from giving the local Cadet Corps the status and control which similar Corps are granted in England, and advised that the Corps should be trained in sections at the several Schools. This has accordingly been done. The Military Authorities granted the services of a private, instead of a non-commissioned officer, for the physical drill which has been continued, in 1894, in eleven local Schools.

19. INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.-A grant of $2,500 having been made in 1894 to the Roman Catholic Reformatory, to cover the cost of the surrounding wall and to provide enlarged accommoda- tion, the late Bishop RAIMONDI placed this Industrial School under the Reformatory School Ordinance as a School certified by the Government for the reception of juvenile offenders. A regular Kinder- garten, for the benefit of the children of the poor Chinese residing at Saiyingpun, established by the Rev. G. REUSCH of the Basel Mission (in February, 1894), now gives gratuitous instruction to young Chinese children in the rudiments of industrial work by systematic training of hand and eye.

20. MEDICAL EDUCATION.-At the close of the year four more of the students of the College of Medicine for Chinese completed their curricula, with a minimum period of study of five years. The names of the new graduates are WONG I-YIK, who is certified to have passed his professional examina- tions with high distinction, Ü I-KAI, LAU SZE-FUK, and WONG SAI-YAN. The College has its head- quarters in the Alice Memorial Hospital, with which and the Nethersole Hospital, it is affiliated for practical purposes, but it is ruled by an independent Court, and the Examiners are professional men who have no other connection with it. The officers and lecturers, all of whom give their services gratuitously, have at the present time ten students under professional training.

21. SCHOLARSHIPS.-The draft of the revised Governinent Scholarship Scheme referred to in my last report is still under the consideration of Her Majesty's Government. As to non-official Scholar- ships, Queen's College had, in the year 1894, the benefit of 4 Belilios Scholarships, 2 Morrison and 1 Stewart Scholarship. The management of the Morrison Scholarship Fund is in an illegal condition and requires rectification. St. Joseph's College had the benefit of one and the College of Medicine that of 5 Belilios Scholarships coupled with some special grants.

22. I enclose the usual Tables (I to XIII) somewhat reduced in number owing to the with- drawal of Queen's College from the supervision of this Department, it having been placed in 1894 under a separate Board of Governors.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

E. J. EITEL, Ph. D. (Tubing.), Inspector of Schools and Head of the Education

Department.

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Colonial Secretary.

452

TABLE 1.-NUMBER of SCHOLARS attending Schools under the EDUCATION DEPARTMENT during the year 1894.

No.

Name of Schools.

Scholars Scholars

Total attending attending Scholars Government Grant-in-Aid in

Schools. Schools. attendance.

1 American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys),....

دو

Hinglung Lane (Boys),

Queen's Road West (Boys),

Háwan (Girls),

Sheungwan (Boys),

Aplichan (Boys),

Basel Mission, High Street (Girls),

Shamshuipo (Boys),

Shaukiwan (Boys),

Tokwawan (Boys),

Matauchung (Boys),

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese (Boys),

Belilios Public School (English) (Girls),

Berlin Ladies Mission, Queen's Road West (Boys),.

C. M. S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),

Pottinger Street (Boys),

Saiyingpun (Boys),................

No. 2 (Boys),

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls), Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),

Third Street (Girls),.

Yaumati (Mixed),

Hunghom (Girls),

Quarry Bay (Girls),

Little Hongkong (Boys),

Aberdeen School (Boys),

Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls),

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

F. E. S., Bonham Road, Chinese Division (Girls),

High Street (Girls),

Queen's Road West (Girls),

127

(Chinese No. 1) (Girls), (Chinese No. 2) (Girls),

123

152

Foundling House School (Girls),

ان

145

Hollywood Road (Girls),.

Pottinger Street (Girls),

Stauley School (Girls),

Shaukiwan (Girls),

Tokwawan (Girls),

Bonham Road English Division (Girls),

L. M. S., Square Street (Boys),...

174

Wantsai Chapel (Boys),

دو

Yaumati (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Boys),

Saiyingpun I. Division (Boys),

II.

(Boys),

Hunghom (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Girls),

وو

II.

(Girls),

Hospital Chapel (Boys),.

Saiyingpun Second Street I. Division (Girls),

Ui-hing I. Division (Girls),

Tanglungchau No. 1 (Boys),

(Caroline Hill) No. 2 (Boys),

II.

(Boys),

.......

Shaukiwan (Boys),

Taikoktsui (Boys),

Square Street (Girls),..

وو

Li Yuen Street (Girls),

D'Aguilar Street (Girls), Matauwai (Boys), Kau-u-fong (Girls),. Tanglungchau (Girls),

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),

139

Taihang (Girls),

Staunton Street (Girls),

Saiyingpun Second Street East (Girls),

Taipingshan English School (Boys),

...

Third Street

(Boys),

Lok-ying

(Boys),

Morrison

وو

(Boys),

Mongkoktsui (Boys),

Pokfulam (Boys),.

R. C. M., Cathedral School (Boys),

Carried forward,.

475

3.771

4,246

453

TABLE I.—NUMBER of SCHOLARS attending Schools under the EDUCATION DEPARTMENT during the year 1894.-Contd.

No.

Name of Schools.

Scholars Scholars attending attending Government Grant-in-Aid

Schools.

Total Scholars

in Schools. attendance.

Hunghom (Girls),

دو

Brought forward,................

R. C. M., Bridges Street Chinese Division (Girls),

Hollywood Road Chinese School (Girls), Holy Infancy School I. Division (Boys),

II.

(Girls),

•

475

3,771

4,246

وو

English

دو

100

101

102

103

104

(Girls),..

105

106

وو

(Chinese) (Boys),

107

Yaumati (Girls),.......

Shaukiwan (Girls),

St. Joseph's College Chinese Division (Boys),

Italian Convent English Division (Girls),

Portuguese Division (Girls),

Bridges Street English Division (Girls),

Portuguese Division (Girls),

Nova Escola Portugueza (Girls),

St. Francis Portuguese Division (Girls),

Victoria Portuguese School Portuguese Division (Mixed),

94 Saiyingpun (English) (Boys),

(Punti) (Boys),

(Hakka) (Boys),

Shekó (Boys),

St. Paul's College School (Boys), Stanley (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys), Taitamtuk (Boys),

Taiwongkung (Boys),

Tanglungchau (Hakka) (Boys), Victoria English School (Boys),

Wantsai (English) (Boys),

Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),

European

(Boys),

287

197

(Girls),

English

وو

(Mixed),

184

(58)

107

147

235

(193)

108

Wellington Street (Boys),

104

109

وو

(Girls),

110

Lascar Row (Boys),

111

(Girls),

112

Wantsai (Boys),

113

Graham Street (Girls),

114

Kennedy Town (Boys),

115

Wellington Street English, School (Boys),

116

Wongmakok (Boys),

117

Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys),

118

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys),..

BERS

Total...

1,282

5,964

7,246

TABLE II.-NUMBER of SCHOLARS attending GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS under the EDUCATION DEPARTMENT and EXPENSES of each SCHOOL during the year 1894.

No.

Name of School.

Boys.

Girls.

Total.

Expense.

Aplichau,

Belilios Public School (English),

127

168.00 2,777.67

(Chinese No. 1),...........

123

448.07

(Chinese No. 2),.

152

484.31

Mongkoktsui,

55.00

Pokfulam,

Saiyingpun (English),

132.00

184

911.00

184

Taitamtuk,

(Punti),

(Hakka),

10 Shekó,

Stanley (Anglo-Chinese),

Taiwongkung,

Tanglungchau (Hakka),

Wantsai (English),

(Chinese),

Wongmakok,

(58)

228.00

144.24

120.00

337.75

132.00

174.00

180.00

235

(193)

حلم

1,018.35

235

372.00

Wonguaichung (Anglo-Chinese),..

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese),

132.00

310.35 396.00

Total,....

880

402

1.282

$ 8,520.74

454

TABLE III.-AVERAGE EXPENSE of each SCHOLAR at GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS under the EDUCATION DEPARTMENT and at the GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS during the year 1894.*

1.--EXPENDITURE OF GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.

(Cost of working the Schools irrespective of cost of erection or repairs of Buildings.)

1. BELILIOS PUBLIC SCHOOL.

Expenditure,

Deduct School fees, refunded,

.$3,106.67 $ 329.00

-$ 2,777.67

2. OTHER DEPARTMENTAL SCHOOLS, (no School fees).

Cost to Government, in 1894,

$ 5,748.07

II.—EXPENDITURE ON THE GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS.

Total cost to Government, in 1894,

$ 25,238.45

III. AVERAGE COST OF EACH SCHOLAR.

(Calenlated by the Enrolment.)

Average Cost, to Government, of each Scholar :-

1. at Belilios Public School (not including cost of building),..................

2. at Other Departmental Schools,.........

3. at Grant-in-Aid Schools,

IV.-AVERAGE COST OF EACH SCHOLAR.

(Calculated by the Average Daily Attendance.)

.$21.87

4.86

$ 4.23

Average Cost, to Government, of each Scholar :-

1. at Belilios Public School (not including cost of building),

2. at Other Departmental Schools,.......

3. Grant-in-Aid Schools,........

$50.60

.$ 9.56

.$ 7.86

* NOTE.-The cost of the Inspectorate of Schools ($5,111,52), being connected with both Grant-in-Aid Schools and Government Schools, is not included.

TABLE IV.—Enrolment and ATTENDANCE at Government Schools under the EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

No.

during the year 1894.

Name of Schools.

Average Monthly Enrolment.

Average Daily Attendance.

]

Aplichau,

25.72

24.25

Belilios Public School (English),

70.00

54.89

(Chinese No. 1),

54.45

36.73

(Chinese No. 2),

65.00

42.84

Mongkoktsui,

17.20

11.58

6 Pokfulam,..

11.00

9.31

Saiyingpun (English),

84.09

68.11

(Punti),

27.27

17.36

プラ

(Hakka),.

26.08

22.21

Shekó,

24.91

24.41

Stanley (Anglo-Chinese),

Taitamtuk,

30.63

27.30

11.27

9.55

Taiwongkung,

42.50

39.35

Tanglungchau (Hakka), ...

39.72

36.17

Wantsai (English),

127.63

112.47

(Chinese),

96.45

86.60

Wongmakok,

10.81

10.25

Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese),

49.09

41.87

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese),

31.09

27.16

Total,...........

$44.91

702.51

TABLE V.-MAXIMUM and MINIMUM ENROLMENT and DAILY ATTENDANCE at Government Schools under the EDUCATION DEPARTMENT during the year 1894.

455

No.

Name of Schools.

Maximum Monthly Enrolment.

Minimum Monthly Eurolment.

Maximum Daily Attendance

Minimum Daily Attendance

(Monthly average). (Monthly average).

Aplichau,....

36.63

7.50

Belilios Public School (English),

74.80

2.32

(Chinese No. 1},{

ོ

76.84

1.55

(Chinese No. 2),

122

102.00

5.88

Mongkoktsui,

14.48

8.11

Pokfulam,

11.30

7.24

Saiyingpun (English),

130

114.54

5.66

(Punti),

སྙམ

32.00

2.00

(Hakka),....

26.00

16.00

Shekó,

29.96

18.88

Stanley (Anglo-Chinese),

31.35

20.71

Taitamtuk,

10.74

8.28

Taiwongkung,

42.58

23.37

Tanglungchau (Hakka),

41.72

30.50

Wantsai (English),

186

167.56

54.50

(Chinese),

132

125.55

50.66

Wongmakok,

11.00

8.00

Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese),

56.12

30.57

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese),

35.05

18.73

Total.......

1,175

420

1,039.22

320.79

No.

TABLE VI.—NUMBER of DAYS on which the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS under the EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

were taught during the year 1894.

Name of School.

School Days. No

Name of School.

School Days.

Aplichau,

248

Stanley,....

240

Belilios Public School (English),

237

Taitamtuk,

249

;;

(Chinese No. 1),

227

Taiwongkung,

118

(Chinese No. 2),

227

Tanglungchau (Hakka),

234

Mongkoktsui,

112

Wantsai (English),

226

Pokfulam,

223

(Chinese),

226

Saiyingpun (English),.

229

Wongmakok,

258

(Punti),

225

Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese),

221

(Hakka),

119

Yaumati,

227

Shekó

256

456

TABLE VII.—SUMMARY of ENROLMENT 474 ATTENDANCE at the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS for the last twenty-five years.

YEARS.

Minimum Daily

Total Enrolment for the year.

Maximum Daily Attendance

Minimuna Monthly

Enrolment.

(Monthly Average).

Attendance (Monthly Average).

1870,

1,302

950

683

556

1871.

1,292

937

711

571

1872,

1.480

1.157

807

665

1873,

1,838

1.826

852

760

1874,

1,932

1,271

974

836

1875,

1,927

1,812

983

863

1876,

2,171

1.383

1,057

925

1877,

2,148

1,446

1,212

1,035

1878,

2,101

1,324

1,100

936

1879,

2,043

1,356

1,027

904

1880,

2,078

1.468

1,082

937

1881,

1,986.

1,384

1,093

956

1882,

2,114

1,444

1,062

988

1883,

2,080

1,414

1,138

990

1884,

1,978

J,420

1,066

941

1885,

1,988

1,424

1,061

926

1886,

1,893

1,544

1,040

886

1887,

1,814

1,552

1,126

1,000

1888,

1,933

1,653

1,139

1,040

1889.

2,293

1,992

1,190

1,118

1890,

2,514

1,999

1,494.

1,370

1891,

2,540

1,909

1,408

1,291

1892,

2,622

2,101

1,536

1,407

1893,

2,356

1,829

1,443

1,317

1894,

1,282

1,039

420

320

457

TABLE VIII-NUMBER of SCHOLARS attending Schools receiving GRANTS-IN-AID (under the Provisions of the Scheme of 1893), expenses incurred and amount of Grant gained by cach in 1894.

Class

Expenses

Name of Schools.

Boys.

Girls.

Total.

School.

incurred in 1894.

Amount of Grant gained

for 1894.

American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys),

213.10

118.36

Himlung Lane (Boys),

237.00

119.10

Queen's Road West (Boys),

243.00

120.79

་

Tokwawan (Boys).

Matauchung (Boys),

Háwan (Girls),......

Basel Mission, Shamshuipo (Boys),

Shaukiwan (Boys),

183.00

105.03

Sheungwan (Boys),

66.26

195.43

74.95

205.13

139.59

177.12

90.53

149.93

100.36

ร

Berlin Ladies Mission, Queen's Road West (Boys), C. M. S. St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys)...

No. 2. (Boys),

Pottinger Street (Boys),

82.68

369.91

175.56

858.06

100.80

291.38

174.60

Saiyingpun (Boys),

294.40

161.06.

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls),..

292.89

100.86

Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),

306.46

109.22

Third Street (Girls),

200.47

150.15

Yaumati (Mixed).

203.24

125.91

Hunghom (Girls).

166.02

64.26

་་

Little Hongkong (Boys),

و,

་

(Boys),

Hunghom (Boys).

Quarry Bay (Girls),

Aberdeen School (Boys),

F. E. S. Bonham Road Chinese Division (Girls),

High Street (Girls),

Queen's Road West (Girls),

Hollywood Road (Girls),

Pottinger Street (Girls), Stanley School (Girls),

Shaukiwan (Girls),.. Tokwawan (Girls),..

L. M. S. Square Street (Boys),

Wantsai Chapel (Boys), Yaumati (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Boys),

Saiyingpun I. Division (Boys),

II.

147.36

61.03

150 59

21.91

146.97

106.95

652.26

274.54

191.27

60.51

233.67

65.82

241.51

53.16

238.00

66.81

135.00

133.63

235.70

121.30

124.00

58.55

174

503.87

82.48

297.14

294.55

383.52

241.04

246.13

123.71

470.22

271.68

291.85

168.93

350.18

128.80

Shaukiwan (Boys),.

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Girls),....

Saiyingpun, Second Street I. Division (Girls),

II.

Ui-hing Lane I. Division (Girls),"

II.

Tanglungchan No. 1 (Boys),

No. 2 (Boys),

Taikoktsui (Boys),

Square Street (Girls),

Li-Yuen Street (Girls),

D'Aguilar Street (Girls),

Matauwai (Boys),

Kau-ü-fong (Girls),

308.09

79.77

150.66

59.11

263.79

148.20

(Boys),

186.59

259.73

269.25

(Girls),

216.05

80.65

198.89

136.96

135.88

276.53

198.79

244.78

106.77

288.63

120.33

251.16

98.50

262.78

276.45

169.33

109.80

351.44

143.16

Tanglungchau (Girls),

218.14

98.70

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

380.69

155.94

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),

139

427.09

278.69

Staunton Street (Girls),

338.95

79.11

Saiyingpun, Second Street East (Girls), Taibang (Girls),

353.11

102.36

126.95

83.53

Yaumati (Girls),.

Hunghom (Girls),

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese (Boys),

St. Paul's College School (Boys),

Third Street

་.

Morrison

Bridges Street English Division (Girls),

Portuguese Division (Girls),

R. C. M. Cathedral School (Boys),

Bridges Street Chinese Division (Girls), Hollywood Road Chinese School (Girls), Holy Infancy School I. Division (Boys),.

Shaukiwan (Girls),......

Wesleyan Mission Spring Gardens (Boys),

Wellington Street (Boys),

Lascar Row (Boys),

Wautsai (Boys),

Graham Street (Girls)...

Kennedy Town (Boys),

Basel Mission High Street (Girls),...........

Berlin Mission (Girls),

C. M. S. Victoria Home and Orphange (Girls),

Wesleyan Mission Wellington Street, English School (Boys),.

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

F. E. S. Bonham Road, English Division (Girls),

L. M. S. Taipingshan, English School (Boys),

Lok-ying English School (Boys),

R. C. M. St. Joseph's College Chinese Division (Boys),.

Italian Convent English Division (Girls),..............

Portuguese Division (Girls),

$7.75

70.46

270.00

282.77

372.00

308.90

136.07

76.17

II.

(Girls),

431.00

186.16

SÚ

405.00

146.48

270.00

212.70

305.00

159.35

246.48

174.91

104

104.

335.90

162.87

(Girls),

236.64

78.06

275.06

176.51

217.92

72.41

258.36

178.12

274.09

186.97

139.62

102.22

762.96

360.33

982.00

251.47

2,192.04

406.04

609.54

290.99

295.54

36.28

107

10-

n° 0.00

017

145

650.

188.88

566.54

195.86

(Boys),

European

442.51

87.91

305.08

127.95

1,047.71

145.86

159.07

(Boys)...

287

5,079.00

2,129.33

197

1,012,55

3,252.75

216.89

586.32

1,655,00

296.11

English

Nova Escola Portugueza (Girls)...

St. Francis Portuguese Division (Girls),

Victoria Portuguese School, Portuguese Division (Mixed),...

Victoria English School (Boys),

(Girls),

163.85

126.23

761.00

(Girls),

English

258.91

122.84

1,137.77

(Mixed)....

133.83

147

946.38

5,747.00

605.12

3,251

2,713

5,964

58,950,55

20.388.75

456

TABLE IX.-ENROLMENT, ÅTTENDANCE and NUMBER of SCHOOL DAYS at the GRANT-IN-AID Schools during 1891.

No.

Name of Schools.

Maximum Minimum Monthly Monthly Enrol- Eurol-

mcut.

ment.

Average Average Maximum Minimum Daily Daily Attend- Attend-

ance.

Average Monthly Enrol-

Average Daily

Attend-

Number of School

ance for

ment.

the Year.

Days.

American Board Mission Bridges Street, (Boys),

66.66

1.09

26.81

32.72

208

Hinglung Lanc (Boys),

40.96

22.88

12.37

36.21

178

Queen's Road West (Boys),

39.

36.37

17.28

33.44

20.58

202

Hawan (Girls),

27.68

15.16

24.09

22.06

26+

Shonngwan (Boys)..

21.37

6.62

18.88

15.53

201

Basel Mission, Shamshuipo (Boys),

24.92

11.33

25.00

19.91

201

Shaukiwan (Boys),

32.07

7.30

31.70

25.18

222

Tokwawan (Boys),

36.41

18.76

82.11

25.06

209

Matauchung (Boys),.

24.

28.80

9.58

31.40

24.73

230

Berlin Ladies Mission, Queen's Road West (Boys), C.M.S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),

20.38

14.65

19.77

17.86

179

No. 2 (Boys),

Saiyingpun (Boys),

Pottinger Street (Boys),

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls), ..........

Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls).

Third Street (Girls),

>>>

Yaumati (Mixed),

争警

Hunghom (Girls),

Quarry Bay (Girls),

Little Hongkong (Boys),.

Aberdeen School (Boys),

F.E.S., Bonham Roail. Chinese Division (Girls), ...

High Street (Girls),

Aanaa.. 23 18 18 18

Queen's Road West (Girls),

Hollywood Road (Girls),

Pottinger Street (Girls),

Stanley School (Girls), Shaukiwan (Girls), Tokwawan (Girls),

L.M.S., Square Street (Boys),

Wantsai Chapel (Boys), Yaumati (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Boys).

Salyingpun, 1. Division (Boys),

Il.

119

(Boys),

Hunghom (Boys),

99'

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

Shektong-tsui (Girls),

RECEREBARERETRESAPONA32

66.84

6.21

45.18

85.12

260

43.16

2.84

24.63

22.11

240

56.44

22.05

45.41

41.21

252

59.16

41.00

32.12

269

53.63

B1.91

25.73

256

36.62

24.41

22.44

246

36.28

20.15

$5.99

28.80

275

42.34

12.21

87.83

27.82

258

24.90

11.09

22.27

19.52

247

21.16

11.12

17.58

14.07

272

15.69

2.27

17.29

9.83

239

BLIB

16.85

30,00

21.91

245

31.70

27.18

30.27

28.58

213

26.12

2.84

19.80

13.02

240

34.74

2.50

22.08

19.67

238

27.52

8.37

1881

7.66

240

30.01

3.07

18.99

16.63

219

زانه

35.12

23.82

36.01

20.27

266

25.04

13.63

24.50

20 60

256

14.52

7.16

14.75

13.11

249

105.55

3.50

55.30

41.96

208

68.95

45.34

61.8%

56.10

239

74.82

29.56

66.44

54.08

204

40.50

15.12

31.18

27.12

214

75.50

26.00

67.77

56.87

191

60.63

18.90

44.20

37.86

200

46.19

11.12

40.90

33.60

206

41.65

16.00

33.80

27.54

183

17.96

9.66

15.45

13.21

240

11.

Tanglungchau (Boys),

Saiyingpun, Second Street, I. Division (Girls),

Ci-hing Lane, I. 'Division (Girls),

No. 2 (Boys),

Shaukiwan (Boys), Taikoktsui (Boys),.. Square Street (Girls), Li Yuen Street (Girls).. D'Aguilar Street (Girls). Matauwai (Boys). Kau-ü-fong (Girls),

34.83

16.65

32.44

24.91

202

II.

(Boys),

59.04

19.65

53.33

38.19

202

50.50

38.87

47.20

43.56

223

(Girls),

20.44

17.22

21.55

19.31

213

40.00

6.66

34.50

29.93

221

25.26

17.25

25.18

22.27

238

46.43

39.00

49.90

43.50

219

31.83

20.95

29.30

27.54

229

37.80

9.66

34.00

25.66

205

33.96

18.04

27.40

25,00

210

2-4

48.96

14.47

42.28

85.91

219

31.03

14.00

30.63

28.61

235

51.80

15.03

36.54

33.33

232

Tanglungchau (Girls),

33.95

10.11

20.75

16.40

273

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

32.29

9.07

27.20

23.98

210

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),

105

82.28

26.58

76.16

54.39

283

Staunton Street (Girls),

38.12

10.66

26.80

22.22

203

Saiyingpun, Second Street East (Girls),

34.32

8.00

23.70

21.72

191

Tailang (Girls),..

22.56

11.37

21.75

17.06

262

R.C.M., Cathedral School (Boys),

35.81

4.76

22.91

18.93

257

Shaukiwan (Girls),

Bridges Street, Chinese Division (Girls),. Hollywood Road, Chinese School (Girls), Holy Infancy School, I. Division (Boys),

II.

Yaumati (Girls),

73.40

38.81

62.16

58,55

258

63.96

35.86

59.45

54.80

221

24.93

15.87

24.00

20.84

256

(Girls),

47.87

28.80

45.08

42 32

271

60.40

17.13

48.66

36.97

274

44.12

25.36

41.32

37.41

264

Hunghom (Girls),...

35.46

18.30

37.33

30.70

268

>>>

67 Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),

Lascar Row (Boys),

Wantsai (Boys):

Graham Street (Girls),...

Basel Mission, High Street (Girls),

40.14

18.25

40.72

31.83

241

Wellington Street (Boys),

108

89.70

16.92

61.10

49,75

214

(Girls),

43.72

10.30

29.90

23.12

208

52.95

2.00

41.00

37.03

200

爷爷

(Girls),

31.44

11.76

21.66

19.83

248

54.52

3.00

39.09

31.24

202

50.08

5.07

38.08

29.94

229

Kennedy Town (Boys),

20.41

4.63

21.33

14.44

231

71.44

26.27

52.45

48.44

217

Berlin Mission (Girls),

25.17

24.00

26.00

24,63

262

C.M.S., Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls),

£7.80

38.00

44.00

43.39

251

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School (Boys).....

10.

67.94

5.30

42.63

32.99

255

Wesleyan Mission, Wellington St., Eng. School (Boys),

27.14

2.16

15.72

12.28

205

St. Paul's College School (Boys),

65.34

13.64

42.36

35.91

228

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

105

91.88

44.09

88.18

78.47

251

82 F.E.S., Bonham Road, English Division (Girls),

16.15

11.33

16.41

15.38

195

Morrison English School (Boys),..

83 L.M.S., Taipingshan English School (Boys),. Third Street English School (Boys),.

Lok-Ying English School (Boys),.

R.C.M., St. Joseph's College, Chinese Division (Boys),...

57.52

9.05

37.10

31.86

210

36.26

7.66

22.25

21.91

172

40.85

17.20

30.28

27.95

172

38.87

10.81

32.66

27.86

187

30.00

7.66

23.00

21.07

213

European Division (Boys),.

237

170

204.90

129.21

207.00

179.33

227

Italian Convent, English Division (Girls),

161

115

155.52

102.95

145.45

135.55

215

Portuguese Division (Girls),

36.90

18.70

32.36

28.89

205

English Division (Girls),

Bridges Street, English Division (Girls),

Nova Escola Portugueza (Girls),

St. Francis, Portuguese Division (Girls),..

Victoria Portuguese School, Port. Div. (Mixed),. 14

نان

66.80

36.54

64.27

50.80

236

Portuguese Division (Girls),

53.19

34.88

59.00

45.61

236

Eng. Div. (Mixed),.

Victoria English School (Boys),.

110

(Girls),

PERE288

27.23

13.29

26.60

21.85

226

18.85

6.76

17.16

12.73

262

29.76

16 06

30.58

25.91

262

14.00

5.56

12.66

10.84

224

23.33

8.50

20.66

16.83

224

89.22

45.42

85.58

77.38

269

56.92

21.60

47.91

44.92

266

Total..

5,227

2,306

4,507.39 1,749.29

3.816.71 3.210.55

NAME OF SCHOOL.

X.-RESULTS of the EXAMINATION of the GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS in 1

:::

::::::::::::::*:::

Class of School.

No. of Scholars Presented.

No. of Scholars Examined.

Stand. I.

Stand. II.

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. VII.

Stand. I.

Stand. II.

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. VII.

Stand. I.

Stand. II.

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. VII.

Stand. I.

Stand. II.

Ordinary Subjects.

Special Subjects.

Ordinary Subjects,

Spe

NUMBER OF SCHOLARS WHO Passed.

NUMBER OF SCHOLARS WHO Fa

:::

:::::::::::5

:::

: : : : :2

:*:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.

11 188 10292 :

:::

1.-American Board Mission, Bridges Street, (Boys),

→

3.- 4.-- 5.-

Hinglung Lane, (Boys),.

Queen's Road West, (Boys) Háwan, (Girls),

Sheungwan, (Boys),

6.-Basel Mission, Shamshuipo, (Boys),

Shaukiwan, (Boys),....

8.-

9.-

Tokwawan, (Boys),.

Matauchung, (Boys),

12,-

}}

13.- 14.-

10.-Berlin Ladies Mission, Queen's Road West, (Boys),

11.-C. M. S., St. Stephen's Chinese School, (Boys),

Pottinger Street, (Boys),

No. 2, (Boys),

3 J

Saiyingpun, (Boys),

15.-

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial, (Girls),

16.-

Lyndhurst Terrace, (Girls),-

17.- 18.

Third Street, (Girls),

Yaumati, (Mixed),

19.- 21).- 21.--

Hunghom. (Girls),

Quarry Bay, (Girls),

Little Hongkong, (Boys),

22.-

Aberdeen School. (Boys),

24.-

25.- 26.-

27.

28.--

中量

29.

30.-

32.-

33.-

34,- 35.

36.

23.—F. Ë. S., Bonham Road, Chinese Division, (Girls),

High Street, (Girls),

Queen's Road West, (Girls),

Hollywood Road, (Girls),

Pottinger Street, (Girls),

Stanley School, (Girls),

Shaukiwán, (Girls),

Tokwawan, (Girls), .

31.-L. M. S., Square Street, (Boys),

Wantsai Chapel, (Boys), Yaumati, (Boys),. Shektongtsui, (Boys),

Saiyingpun T. Division, (Boys),

II.

10 10

3 21

:::::::2::::::::::::

(Boys),

37.

Hunghom, (Boys),

6 13

38.

Hospital Chapel, (Boys),

39.

40.~

41.- 42.- 43. 4.4.- 45.- 45,-

}}

47.-

48.

49.

50.

51.-

52.-

53-

Shektongtsui, (Girls),.

Salyingpun, Second Street, I. Division, (Girls),

Ui-hing Lane, T. Division (Girls), (Girls),

II.

Tanglungchau, No. 1 (Boys),

No. 2 (Boys),

Shaukiwan, (Boys),

Taikoktsui, (Boys), .

Square Street, (Girls),

Li-yuen Street, (Girls),

D'Aguilar Street, (Girls), Matauwai, (Boys), Kan-ü-fong, (Girls),

Tanglungchau, (Girls),

11.

(Boys),

47 19

ՅՍ

54.-

Aberdeen Street, (Girls),

25 4

55.-

Wantsai Chapel, (Girls),

56.

Staunton Street. (Girls),

57.

53.-

Saiyingpun Second Street East, (Girls), Taihang, (Girls),

59.-R. C. Mission, Cathedral School, (Boys),

60.-

61.-

62.- 63.-

Bridges Street, Chinese Division, (Girls), Hollywood Road, Chinese School, (Girls), Holy Infancy School, 1. Division, (Boys),

II.

(Girls),

64.-

Yaumati, (Girls),

$ 8

G5.-

Shaukiwan, (Girls),

Hanghom, (Girls),

I 31

67.-Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens, (Boys),.

I 36

1 15 16

68.-

Wellington Street, (Boys)..

16 12

69.-

(Girls),.

I 17

8 G

70.-

Lascar Row (Boys),............

I $5

17 13

71.-

Lascar Row (Girls),

I 14

5 2

72.-

Wantsai, (Boys),

I 38

73.--

Graham Street, (Girls),

I 30

5 5

7.1.-

Kennedy Town, (Boys),

I 23

75.-Basel Mission, High Street, (Girls),

76.-Berlin Mission, (Girls),

77.-C. M. S. Victoria Home and Orphanage, (Girls),

11 43

43 18

II 26

II 47

78.-

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese, (Boys),.

III 37

79.-Wesleyan Mission, Wellington S., Eng. School, (Boys),. 80.-St. Paul's College School (Boys),... 81.-Diocesan Home and Orphanage, (Boys),

III

III 24

III 85

5 15

82.-F. E. S. Bonham Road, English Division, (Girls), 83.-L. M. S. Taipingshan, English School, (Boys),.

II 17

Third Street,

Lok-ying, Morrison,

89.-

89.--

90.-

91.-

92.-

81.- 85.- 86.- 87.-R. C. M., St. Joseph's College, Chinese Division, (Boys), European (Boys), Italian Convent, English Division, (Girls),..

Portuguese Division, (Girls), Bridges Street, English Division, (Girls),

(Boys),..

III

(Boys),. (Boys),..

III

III 17

III 21

•1

III 160 III 81 III 24 DI 66

155

78 15 16 23

11 8

66 21 8

93.-

94.- 95.- 3.- 97.- 95.

St. Francis, Portuguese Division, (Girls),

Portuguese Division, (Girls),. III 41 Nova Escola Portugueza, (Girls),

III

35 23

13 8

III 14

14 8 6

English

(Girls),

...

Victoria Port. School, Port. Division, (Mixed),.. III

Eng. Division, (Mixed),

III 16

}

English School, (Boys),

HI 66

99.-

(Girls),

III

5 6

: : : : : :00

12121

19 30

:::::::::::::::::

15 11

to si

:::::::::::::

in 1894, under the provisions of the Scheme of 19th August, 1893.

Stand. 11.

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. VII.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Pussed.

Failed.

Passed.

Failed.

Special Subjects.

Ordinary Special

Subjects. Subjects.

10 FAILED.

TOTALS.

Average Daily Attendance during the Year.

Stand. I.

Stand. II.

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. VII.

Ordinary Subjects.

SUMS TO WHICH THE SCHOOL IS ENTITLED,

Special Subjects.

Needle Work.

32.72

:::::::::::::::::::::::*

21)

3 10

::2:2::::::~:::::::::**

36.21 15 32

29.58 15

22.06 24

15.53

19.91

27 20

25 18

25.08

24.73

చిలు

33 2.4

17.36

12 20

35.12 12 56

22.11

9 36

41.21 32.12 15 52 78 25.73 33 21 18 22.44 18 2.) 29.80 45 32

36 76

27.82 33 12 19.52

16 15 14.07 12 36

*:::: AMD ::::: :8 :~~

•

9.83 3

21.91 42 24 30

28.58 3

13.02 12 20

19.65 18 16

15.32 18 12

16.53 3 12 29.27 21 32 20.60 21 21 13.11 15

30 14

44.96 12

56.10 6

42 51.08 30

126

108

27.42 18 32

2 43

56.87 9 37.83 42 36

126

33.60 18 52

27.51 8

13.21 9 16

42:

.00

21.91

CT CE & Co.

33.19

81 21

43.50 57

28 72

19.31 6 36 21 29.93 12 32 78 22,27

33 16 66 43.58 27 84 66

27.54 15 36 42

25.66 33 36 12

25.00 35.91 23.61 12 33.33 21 20

28 9 21 44

5 t

OT: ONE:::::::::

:::::::::::::::::00 ::::** :*::::::::

*::2:::::::::::::::::

Stand. I.

* : : : :

Stand. II.

Stand. III.

Stand, IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

|||||Stand. VII.

Very Good.

Good.

Fair.

Capitation Grant.

Grant earned in 1894.

∞ | Total

| Amount duo to Teacher.

Amount due to Manager.

16.36

11-36

29.59

88.77

18.10

119.10

29.77

89.33

14.79 120.79

30.19

90 60

5.00

11.03

105.03

26.25

78.78

0.50

3.00

7.76 66.26

16.56

49.70

9.95

74.95

18.73

56.22

12.59 139.59

34.89

304.70

12.53

90.53

22.63

67.99

12.36

100.36

25.09

75.27

8.63

82.68

20.67

62.01

17.50

175.56

43.89

131.67

5.00 3.75

11.05

100 80

25,20

75.60

20.60

174.60

43.65

130.95

18.03 161.06

49.26 120.80

4.50 12.00

1.50

12.36 100.88

25.21

75.65

1.00 2.25

25.50

11.22 109.22 14.40 150.15

27.30

81.02

37.53 112.62

13.91

125.91

31.47 94.44

3.00

3.50

9.76

64 26

16.06

18.20

7.03

61.03

15.25

15.73

4.91

21,91

5.47

.6.41

10.95

106.95 26.73 80.22

27 100

2.25

24.09

12.00

1.00

14.29

274.54

68.63 205.91

2.00

6.51

60.51

15.1%

15.39

65 3.00

9.82 C5.82

16.47

49.37

3.00

& 0.50

6.0"

6.00

7.50

3.00

7.66 53.16 0.50 8.31 66.-1

14.63 2.00

133.03 33.40 1.50

10.30 121.30

6.55

13.29

39.87

16.70

50.11

100.23

30.82 90.99

58.55 14.63 43.9%

22.48

82.48 20.62

61.86

11.50

0.75

1.50

28.05

291,55

7:.63

220.92

27.04 241.01 18,71 28.43 271.68

60.26

180.78

123.71 30.92

92.79

67.92

203,76

18.93 168.93

42.23

126 70

16.80

128 89

32.20

96.60

18.77

79.77

19.94

59.83

1.50

6.61 59.11

14.77 41.34

2.00 0.75 0.50

1.50

5.50

12.45

148.20

37.05

111.15

3.00

19.09

186.59

36.64

139.95

4.50 2.25

12 49

16.40 15 2:1 48 23.89 12 48 36

54.39 90

40 43

22.22 18 8 6 21.72 21 24 30 17.06 21 36 19

18.93 21

4 36

59.55

54.80

45 20 21

58 49

14 4

20.31 12

12 42

•2121d

42.32 27

8 18 42 40

36.97 9

32 18 14 32

37.41 51

32 42

30.70 45 12

31.83

3 60

49.75 18 45 42

23.12 24 24 37.03 12 68 78

19.83 15

:::::::::

11.44 21 21) 54

8 30

34.21 27

32 102

29.94 15

20 42

48.44 24.63

72 32

45 48

43.39 23 32.99 1144 32

51 88

72 10

12.28 21

28 16

:::::::::::::::28:

::::::::::

::::::::::::::::: aa:

9.50

:::::::

:::::::::: wi ::

12.00

22 4.50

21.75

269.25

67.31

201.94

5.00

9.65

$0.65

20.16

60.49

14.96

136.9

34.24 102.72

11.13

135.88 33.97 101.91

21.79 198.79 49.69

149.10

13.77 106.77 26.69

80.08

3.00

7.00

12.83 120,33

30.08

90.25

4.50

3 2.50

12.50

98.50

21.62

73.83

7.50

16 8.00

17.95

276.45 69.11

207.34

11 80

109.80

27.45

82 35

16.30

16.66

143.16

35,79

107.37

1.50

1.00

8.20

98.70 24.67

74.03

9.00

12 2.00

11.94

155.91 38.98

116.96

12 14.50

27.19

278.69

209,02 69.67

10 1.00

7.50

10.86

8.53

83.3 2:1.98

9.46

11.11 79.11 19.77 59.54

102.36 27.5% 76.77

70.46 17.6! $2.85

19.50

6.00

10.00

29.27

2×2,77 70.9

16.00

4.50

25 7.00

27.40

10.17 76.17

8.50

9.50

8.00

15.00 9

6.00

4.50

24.87

77.22 231.66 19.04 4.50 21.16 188.16 46.54 139.62 7 6.50 18.48 145.15 36.62 109.86

18.70 212.70

159.53 53.17 3.50 15.35 159.35 39.83 119.52 15.01 174.91 43.72 131.19 122.16

308,90

57.14

3.50

11.56

162,87 40.71 78.06 19.51

58.55

18.51

176.51 41.12

12.00

[02

13.38 18 16 31.86

35.91 18 48 78.17 30 120 140 132 238 112 70 16 40 21 20 24

21.31 12 24

27.95 54 16 30

::::::

18.00

6 24.00 24.00

15 12:18

2.50

9.91

3.00

72.41 17.12 178,12 44.53 133,59 11.97

132.89 18.10 54.31

186.97 46.74 140.23

7.22

1, 2,22

25.55

76.87

36.33

360,33

90.08

270.25

18.17 251.47

62.86

188.61

3.50

32.54

404.04

101.51

304.53

32.99 12.28 35.91 241.91

290.99 72.74 218,25

36.28

9.07 27.21

60.47 181.44

78.47 1.258.47

314.61

943.86

4.50

2.00

13.38

188.83

47.22

141.66

31.83 195.80

48.98

146.90

21.91 87.91

21.97 65.94

8 116

27.83 66 16 21.07

48 179,33 120 135.55 90 28.89 66

زاق

50.82 126

240 216 448 238 141 216

84 291 128 100 30 61

140 156 61

45.61 84

21.85 78 64

12.73 48

25.31 10.84 24 16.83 51 43 20

30 101 30

:::::

13 55 11

77.3S 21 44.92 30

32 48

80 120 (196 112 60 108

冠忠::

18 9 1 1 1 1 1 11

45.00

13,50

22,50

12.00

3.00

51 HAWA: BEES:

7.00 0.50

28.89 216.89

27.95 127.9% 31.98 95.97

27.88 14785

21.07 159.07 179 33 2,129.3. 135.55 1,01.5

35.46 19.49 39.76 19.3 532.331, 97.0 253 13 A4.2

759 42

162,67

8.00 10) 5,50

6.00 50.82 #86.32 45.61 286.11 21.85 133.85

148.58

459.74

74,02 222.09

40.99 122.89

1.50

2.00

12.73 25.91

1.G.23 258.91

31.55 94.68

64.72

19.19

2.00

10.81 122.81

30.71

9.13

1.00

16.83

133.83

33 15

100 38

77.38

$16.38

233.56

709.79

9.50

44.92

151.37 €95.42

451.07

TOTAL

$20,333.75 5,096.79 15,291.96

461

TABLE XI.—PERCENTAGE of SCHOLARS who passed in the GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS during the last two Years.

Jacht 30 10 H

啼啼

No.

1 American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys),.

Hinglung Lane (Boys),

Queen's Road West (Boys),

Hawan (Girls),

Sheungwan (Boys),

Basel Mission, Shamshuipo (Boys),.

Shaukiwan (Boys),

Name of Schools.

1893.

1894.

Increase.

Decrease.

86.66

87.50

.81

81.35

68.75

95.12

84.00

12.60 11.12

85.18

95.23

10.05

80.00

60.00

77.27

17.27

86.86

100.00

13.14

Tokwawan (Boys),

71.50

95.45

23.95

Matauchung (Boys).

96.50

91.66

4.84

Pottinger Street (Boys),

Berlin Ladies Mission, Queen's Road West,

C. M. S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),.

No. 2 (Boys),

Saiyingpun (Boys),

94.11

96.61

91.66

4.95

92.30

94.73

2.43

94.84

100.00

5.16

97.50

96.87

......

.63

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls),

90.00

100.00

10.00

Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),

100.00

Third Street (Girls),

100.00

96.55

3.45

Yaumati (Mixed),

96.66

96.53

.13

Ilunghom (Girls),

80.00

68.75

11.25

Quarry Bay (Girls),

100.00

Little Hongkong (Boys),

78.94

27.27

51.67

Aberdeen School (Boys),

88.88

96.15

7.27

F. E. S., Bonham Road, Chinese Division (Girls),

82.75

96.42

13.67

•

High Street (Girls),

$0.00

100.00

20.00

•

Queen's Road West (Girls),

92.85

100.00

7.15

;;

Hollywood Road (Girls),

Pottinger Street (Girls),

Stanley School (Girls), Shaukiwan (Girls), Tokwawan (Girls),.

L. M. S., Square Street, (Boys),

Wantsai Chapel (Boys),

Yaumati (Boys),...

Shektongtsui (Boys),....

Saiyingpun, I. Division (Boys),

II.

96.15

100,00

3.85

87,50

$1.81

5.69

86.20

71.87

14.33

85.72

80.00

*5.72

100.00

97.43

100.00

2.57

92.15

96.22

4.07

78.57

83.92

5.35

82.85

96.00

13.15

$7.50

78.68

8.82

(Boys),

92.62

89.74

2.88

Hunghom (Boys),

94.34

83.87

10.47

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

96.36

68.18

28.18

Shektongtsui (Girls).....

100.00

Saiyingpun, Second Street 1. Division (Girls),

88.00

91.66

3.66

II.

Ui-hing Lane, 1. Division (Girls),.

(Boys),

$0.75

91.66

95.74

4.08

}}

II.

Tanglungchau (Boys),

No. 2 (Boys),

Shaukiwan (Boys), Taikoktsui (Boys), Square Street (Girls), Li Yuen Street (Girls), D'Aguilar Street (Girls), Matauwai (Boys). Kau-ü-fong (Girls),

(Girls),

'82.14

83.33

1.19

75.00

80.33

5.33

100.00

98.00

91.11

6.89

83.33

80.76

2.57

93.75

81.48

12.27

90.33

100.00

9.67

92.50

97.67

5.17

76.19

55.88

20.31

95.74

84.00

11.74

Tanglungchau (Girls),

96.77

100.00

3.23

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

97.22

100.00

2.78

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),

82.19

88.52

6.33

Staunton Street (Girls),

75.75

100.00

24.25

Saiyingpun, Second Street East (Girls),

92.30

100.00

7.70

Taihang (Girls),

100.00

86.36

13.64

R. C. M., Cathedral School (Boys),

91.17

93.33

2.16

Bridges Street Chinese Division (Girls), Hollywood Road Chinese School (Girls), Holy Infancy School 1. Division (Boys),

II.

82.93

$7.23

4.30

86.00

83.01

2.99

83.33

77.77

5.56

APTORS

(Girls),

$2.35

83.33

.98

Yaumati (Girls)...

85.71

86.95

1.24

Shaukiwan (Girls),.

96.77

97.36

.59

Huughòm (Girls),

100.00

98.38

1.62

Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),

81.25

94.44

13.19

Wellington Street (Boys),

91.66

$9.74

1.92

Lascar Row (Boys)..

(Girls),

94.28

93.75

.53

97.87

100.00

2.13

(Girls),

89.28

92.30

3.02

Wantsai (Boys).

100.00

97.14

2.86

་

Graham Street (Girls),

75.00

$9.66

14.66

Kennedy Town (Boys),

88.23

91.30

3.07

Basel Mission, High Street (Girls)....

98.59

100.00

1.41

Berlin Mission (Girls),

100.00

96.15

3.85

C. M. S., Victoria Home and Orphange (Girls),

100.00

80.95

19.05

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese (Boys)..

96.22

97.22

1.00

Wesleyan Mission, Wellington Street English School (Boys),

76.00

100.00

24.00

St. Paul's College School (Boys),

97.43

90.90

6.53

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

92.95

97.55

4.60

F. E. S., Bonham Road English Division (Girls),

60.86

93.75

32.89

L. M. S., Taipingshan English School (Boys),

97.67

$8.88

8.79

Third Street (Boys),

95.65

90.90

1.75

وو

.་

•

Nova Escola Portugueza,

English

Lok-ying English School (Boys), Morrison

R. C. M., St. Joseph's College Chinese Division (Boys),.

Italian Convent English Division (Girls),

Bridges Street English Division (Girls),

St. Francis Portuguese Division (Girls),

Victoria Portuguese School Portuguese Division (Mixed),

160.00

70.00

30.00

(Boys),

94.44

100.00

5.56

100.00

80.95

19.05

European Division (Boys),

96.52

94.83

1.63

97.00

96.15

.85

Portuguese Division (Girls),

97.05

95.65

1.40

95.08

84.84

10.24

Portuguese Division (Girls),

90.00

88.57

1.43

91.30

76.19

100.00

23.81

(Girls),

English

95.99

86.66

9.33

100.00

(Mixed),

100.00

Victoria English School (Boys),

86.07

83.33

(Girls),

100.00

95.23

2.74

1.77

Class

School.

462

TABLE XII-PERCENTAGE of PASSES in the various subjects in which the GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS

were examined in 1894.

Name of School.

Reading.

Writing

or Com-

position.

Arith-

metic.

American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys)..

Hing-lung Lane (Boys),

Basel Mission, Shamshuipo (Boys),

Queen's Rd. West (Boys),.. Háwan (Girls), Sheungwan (Boys),

91.66 97.05 64.70 92.00

91.66

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

$8.00

Failed

100.00 95.23

100.00 100.00 | 100.00 100.00 100.00

93.33

87.50

100.00

Shaukiwán (Boys),

Tokwawan (Boys),

95.45 77.27 100.00

95.45 95.45

96.42

100.00

91.66 91.66

100.00

...

100.00 100.00 100.00

95.45 100,00 100.00 100.00 33.33 100.00 100.00 | Failed 100.00 100.00 100.00

Matauchung (Boys),

Berlin Ladies Mission, Queen's Road West,

C.M.S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),

No. 2 (Boys),

Pottinger Street (Boys),

Saiyingpun (Boys),

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls),

Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),.

100.00

88.23

100.00 91.38 100.00 94.73 100.00 100.00

***

100.00 96.87

100.00 100.00

100.00 100.00 100.00

...

100.00 100.00

100.00

Third Street (Girls),

100.00

96.55

Yaumati (Mixed),.

100.00 96.15

100.00

Hunghom (Girls),.

93.77

87.50

100.00

尊重

Quarry Bay (Girls),

100.00 100.00

Little Hongkong (Boys),

90.90

9.09

100.00

Aberdeen School (Boys),.

100.00

96.15

F.É.S., Bonham Road, Chinese Division (Girls),.

100.00

$9.29

100.00

100.00 100.00

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

100.00 100.00 Failed

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

90.90 100.00 95.23 100.00

High Street (Girls),

100.00 100.00

100.00

100,00 100,00

Queen's Road West (Girls),

100.00 91.66

100.00

100.00 100.00

Hollywood Road (Girls),

100.00 100.00

Pottinger Street (Girls),

Stanley School (Girls),

Shaukiwan (Girls), Tokwawan (Girls),

L.M.S., Square Street (Boys),

Wantsai Chapel (Boys),

Yaumati (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Boys),

100.00 81.81 90.62 71.87 100,00 80.80

100.00

100.00 100.00

...

100.00

100.00 100.00| 100.00

100.00

100,00 100,00

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00

100,00

100.00 94.33

100.00

100.00 100.00 75.00

100.00 $5.71

Failed

98.21 100.00 Failed

100.00 96.00

او

Saiyingpun, I. Division (Boys),

93.49 81.96

33.33

100.00 100.00

100.00 100,00 100,00

II.

(Boys),

97.43 94.87

97.43 100,00

Hunghòm (Boys),

96.77 83.87

100.00 100.00

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Girls),

Saiyingpun, Second Street, I. Div. (Girls),.

Ui-hing Lane, I. Division (Girls),

II.

Tanglungchau (Boys),...

No. 2 (Boys),

Shaukiwan (Boys),

Taikoktsui (Boys),

Square Street (Girls),

Li Yuen Street (Girls), D'Aguilar Street (Girls),. Matauwai (Boys),.... Kau-ü-fong (Girls), Tanglungchau (Girls),...

81.81 68.18

100.00 83.33

100.00 100.00

100.00

91.66

37.50

100.00 100.00

11. (Boys),

100.00 90.47

42.85

100.00 100.00

28.57

100.00 100.00

77.77

100,00 80.95 50.00

(Girls),

100.00 83.33

100.00 100.00

93.33 83.33

96.66 100.00

100.00 100.00 57.69

100.00 100.00

97.77 91.11

100.00 100.00

80.76 | 100.00

100.00 100.00

96.29

81.48

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00

100.00 97.67

100,00

100.00 100.00 100.00

85.29 64.70

100.00

$1.00

85.71

100.00 100.00

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

100.00 100.00

100.00

97.05 100.00

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00 | 100.00

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),

100.00 85.24

83.33

100.00 100.00 100.00

75.00

Staunton Street (Girls),

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00 Failed

Saiyingpun, Second Street East (Girls), Taihang (Girls),

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00

95.45 86.36

100.00 100.00

R.C.M., Cathedral School (Boys),

Bridges Street, Chinese Division (Girls).. Hollywood Road, Chinese School (Girls), Holy Infancy School, 1. Division (Boys),

100,00 93.33

100.00 100.00

100,00

76.59

100,00

100.00 100.00 100.00

92.45 69.81

100.00

100.00 100.00

82,22 88.88

100.00 100.00

II.

(Girls),

96.66 80.00

83.33

1000.0 100.00

Yaumati (Girls),

91,30 91.30

100.00

100.00 100.00

وو

Hunghòm (Girls),

Shaukiwan (Girls),

Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),

100.00 89.47

100.00

100.00 100.00

100,00 90.32

66,66

100.00 100.00

88.88 88.88

100.00 100,00

Wellington Street (Boys),

92.30 92.30

100.00 100.00

Lascar Row (Boys),

100.00 100.00

(Girls),

100,00 92.30

100.00 100.00

Wantsai (Boys).

100.00 97.14

100.00 100.00

Graham Street (Girls),

100.00 82.75

90.00

100.00 100.00

II.

III.

St. Paul's College School (Boys),

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

Third Street,

"" Morrison,

Lok-ying,

Kennedy Town (Boys), Wellington Street (Girls),

Basel Mission, High Street (Girls),

Berlin Mission (Girls),

C.M.S., Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls),

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School (Boys)..

Wesleyan Mission, Wellington St., Eng. Sch. (Boys),..

F.E.S., Bonham Road, English Division (Girls)..

| L.M.S., Taipingshan, English School (Boys),

R.C.M., St. Joseph's College, Chinese Div. (Boys),

European Div. (Boys),. Italian Convent, English Division (Girls),

Portuguese Division (Girls),...| Bridges Street, English Division (Girls),

Portuguese Division (Girls)..

Nova Escola Portugueza,

St. Francis, Portuguese Division (Girls),

English Division (Girls),

Victoria Portuguese Sch., Port. Div. (Mixed),...

Eng. Div. (Mixed),.

Victoria English School (Boys),

95.65 91.30

100.00 100.00

100.00 93.75

100.00

100.00 100.00

100.00 97.67 100.00

100.00

100,00 96.15 84.61 100,00 89.36 93.61

100.00

Failed 75.00 Failed

77.77

09.23

75.00

(Boys),

94.44 94.44 97.22 100.00 100.00 50.00

95.45 100.00 59.09 83.33 100.00 97.50 95.00 65.00 94.91 100.00 87.50 68.75 80.00 100.00 92.59 88.88 100.00 100.00 90.90 72.72

87.50

$7.50

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

100.00

70.00

100.00

100.00 90.00

60.00 75.00

71.12

100.00 100.00

81.25 100.00

$3.33

100.00 61.90 100.00 100.00 100,00 89.03 75.48 97.22 94.81 100,00 91.02 80.76 93.61 95.74 100.00 95.65 91.30 100.00| 100.00 96.96 72.72 68.18 100.00 92.30 94.28 82,85 71.42 100.00 100.00 100.00 82.60 92.85 | 100.00

18.18

100.00 96.29

100.00

78.26

100.00

71.42

100.00

(Girls),

93.33 90.00 80.00 77.77 50.50 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 | 100,00| 100.00 100.00

98.48 81.81 68.18 92.98 93.44 100.00 93.75 100.00 100.00 73.80 93.54 94.59 100.00 100.00

No..6867

Aberdeen Police Station,

Date....................1919

Received the sum of 25 cents, being fee for 500 gallons of

water to be issued at Aberdeen.

$0:25

Meter at finish..

finish..................... start.........................

Inspector in charge.

€

TABLE XIII.-NUMBER of UNEDUCATED CHILDREN in the Colony in the year 1894.

Estimated Number of Children of local school-age (6 to 16 years) in the Colony, in 1894 :-

463

Boys,....

Girls,

..16,950

.15,030

31,980

Number of Scholars in Schools of all descriptions, in the Colony, in 1894:-

Boys.

Girls.

Total.

Government Schools,

1,928

402

2,380

Grant-in-Aid Schools,

3,251

2,713

5,964

Kaifong Schools,

1,735

1,757

Unclassed Schools,

102

241

343

10,394

Uneducated or imperfectly educated Children in the Colony, in 1894, ................................21,586

E. J. EITEL, Ph. D. (Tub.),

Inspector of Schools and Head of the Education Department.

HONGKONG.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

119

No. 95

Dr.

LOAN ACCOUNT.

Cr.

To Inscribed Stock Loan at 33% interest,

to be paid off on the 15th April, 1943,... £343,199.15.1

Sinking Fund. Nil.

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES,

ON THE 31ST DECEMBER, 1894.

ASSETS.

LIABILITIES.

Subsidiary Coins,

5,000.00 Drafts drawn by the Crown Agents, in

transit,

400,000.00

Deposit in Bank,

150,000.00 | Deposits not available,...........

5,977.43

Balance in Bank at current Account,

358,886.99

Praya Reclamation Deposit Account,

Refund of Taxes,

100,000.00

4,000.00

Deposit in England at call,...................

1,157,350.99 Officers' Remittances, not yet paid,

2,480.25

Money Orders, not yet paid,.

5,941.72

Balance in hands of Crown Agents,

26,808.73

Amount due to Post Offices,London,}

Italy, France, &c.,

40,500.00

Subsidiary Coins in transit,...

200,000.00

Pensions due to Ciyil Officers,

16,000.00

Arrears of Taxes,

15,138.22

Do.

to ex-Police Constables,..............

6,400.00

Arrears of Crown Rent,

66,460.04

TOTAL LIABILITIES,..........

Advances to be recovered,.........

30,267.81

Balance,..........

581,299.40

1,428,613.38

TOTAL ASSETS,......$ 2,009,912.78

* Of which $979,974.38 represents unexpended balance of 1893 Loan of £200,000.

2,009,912.78

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES,

Colonial Treasurer.

Treasury, Hongkong, 28th February, 1895.

No. 1.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 26th February, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee met at the request of the Acting Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 12th December, 1894, were read and confirmed.

(1) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

C.S.O. 1319 of 1894,

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty thousand Dollars, ($20,000), for the purchase of a Floating Fire Engine.

Government House, Hongkong, 19th January, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

(2) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :—

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

C.S.O. 2098 of 1894.

C.S.O.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Seven hundred and Fifty Dollars, ($1,750), for the purchase of conservancy buckets.

Government House, Hongkong, 25th January, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

(3) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

137 of 1895.

C.S.O.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Five hundred and Thirty-five Dollars, ($1,535), being amount of contribution to the Imperial and Colonial Institute from the 10th May, 1893, to 31st December, 1895, inclusive, at the rate of £58 per annum at 2/-- to the Dollar.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd January, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

(4) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor:

418 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five hundred Dollars, ($500), for the construction of a new Buoy to mark the position of the Bokhara Rock.

Government House, Hongkong, 20th February, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 12th March, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 12th March, 1895.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 2.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG.

On the 12th March, 1895.

C.S.O.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART). Chairman.

the Acting Attorney General, (ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Q.C.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED Cooper).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee met at the request of the Acting Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 26th ultimo, were read and confirmed. (1) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :---

$22 of 1895.

C.S.0.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Eight hundred thousand Dollars, ($800,000), being compensation to the owners and other persons having any right or interest in the lots of land within the resumed area of Taipingshan, interest on the above from 1st June, 1894, to date of payment at 7 %, and costs awarded against the Crown by the Board of Arbi- trators under The Taipingshan Resumption Ordinance, 1894.

Government House, Hongkong, 8th March, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

(2) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :---

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

564 of 1895,

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two hundred and Seventy Dollars, ($270), being salary of an Overseer at the New Central Market, from 1st April next, at $30 per month.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th March, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 20th March, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 28th March, 1895.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 3.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 28th March, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Acting Attorney General, (ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Q.C.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

C.S.O.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK,

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 12th instant, were read and confirmed. (1) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

$85 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five hundred and Forty Dollars, ($540), being salary of a temporary Clerk to the Sanitary Department at the rate of $60 per mensem for 9 months from 1st April, 1895.

Government House, Hongkong, 21st March, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

(2) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :

C.0. Tel. 15.3.95.

C.S.0.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to re-vote the sum of Fifty-eight thousand Dollars, ($58,000), for payment of Exchange Compensation in respect of 1894.

(The above is approximately the unexpended balance of the sum previously voted.) Government House, Hongkong, 25th March, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

(3) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

708 of 1805,

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six hundred Dollars. ($600), for the salaries of the Chinese staff at the new Sheep and Swine Depôt.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th March, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed. The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 4th April, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 4th April, 1895.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 4.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 4th April, 1895.

}

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Acting Attorney General, (ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Q.C.).

}}

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 28th ultimo, were read and confirmned. Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor:

C.S.O. 707 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand Dollars, ($3,000), for certain additions to the Sheep and Swine Depôts, recommended by the Sanitary Board.

(The estimated cost of the above is approximately $7,000, and the available balance of the sum already voted is $4,000.)

Government House, Hongkong, 28th March, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recominend that the vote be passed. The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 11th April, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 11th April, 1895.

ARATHIOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 5.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 11th April, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Acting Attorney General, (ALFRED GASCOYNE WISE).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 4th instant, were read and confirmed. Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

C.O.D.

5 of 1895

and

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Three hundred and 32 or 1895. Twenty-four Dollars, ($1,324), in respect of additions to the salaries of the under mentioned Officers as from the 1st January, 1895, as sanctioned by the Secretary of State on the recom- mendation of the Retrenchment Committee:-

The Colonial Veterinary Surgeon,

The Steward of the Government Civil Hospital,...$120. Inspector Germain, Sanitary Department,

The Head Bailiff, Supreme Court,

The 2nd Bailiff, Supreme Court,

•

Government House, Hongkong, 8th April, 1895.

$600.

$120 (for knowledge of Chinese).

$204.

...$280.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 17th April, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 23rd May, 1895.

J. G. T. BucKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 6.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG, On the 23rd May, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Acting Attorney General, (ALFRED GASCOYNE WISE).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

})

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

C.S.O.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 11th ultimo, were read and confirmed. (1) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor:~

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

1223 of 1895.

C.S.O.

The Governor recommends the Council to re-vote the sum of Three thousand Eight hundred and Twenty-four Dollars and Seventeen Cents, ($3,824.17), for the extension of MacDonnell and Austin Roads at Kowloon.

(The above is the unexpended balance of the sum voted for the above work for 1894.) Government House, Hongkong, 4th May, 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recominend that the vote be passed.

(2) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor:

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

1440 of 1895.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty thousand Dollars, ($20,000), for expenses incurred in connection with the Resumption of Taipingshan.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd May, 1895.

In connection with this vote the Committee discussed the question of remuneration to Messrs. ALFORD and DANBY, Arbitrators appointed under The Taipingshan Resumption Ordinance, for their services on the Arbitration Board.

It was finally decided to recommend that the sum of $4,000 be paid to each of the above gentlemen.

The Committee then unanimously agreed to recommend that the vote be passed.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 6th June, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 6th June, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 7.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 6th June, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Acting Attorney General, (ALFRED GASCOYNE WISE).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

* * * * *

the Acting Harbour Master, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLAND HASTINGS, R.N.).

the Postmaster General, (ARTHUR KENNEDY TRAVERS).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 23rd May, were read and confirmed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AUTHORISE THE APPROPRIATION OF A SUPPLEMENTARY SUM OF THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIVE DOLLARS AND EIGHTY-EIGHT CENTS TO DEFRAY THE CHARGES OF THE YEAR 1894.

The various items in the above Bill were considered separately, and the Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the Bill be passed by the Legislative Council.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 16th August, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 25th November, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 8.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 25th November, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRed Cooper).

the Acting Harbour Master, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLAND HASTINGS, R.N.). the Postmaster General, (ARTHUR KENNEDY TRAVERS).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 6th June, were read and confirmed.

Read the following Minutes (Nos. 14 to 31 inclusive) under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

C.S.O.

1367 of 1895.

C.S.0. 2889 of 1895.

C.S.O.

2792 of 1895.

C.S.Ú.

2429 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two thousand Four hundred Dollars, ($2,400), in aid of the vote for Incidental Expenses in the Sanitary Department.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd June, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Ten thousand Dollars, ($10,000), in aid of the vote "Repairs of Buildings."

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Five hundred Dollars, ($1,500), in aid of the vote for "Maintenance of Sewers," (Public Works Annually Recurrent).

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand Dollars, ($3,000), in aid of the vote for "Miscellaneous Works," being approximately the cost of re-building the retaining wall, Seymour Road, which has been charged thereto.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand Four hundred and Sixty Dollars and Fifty Cents, ($4,460.50), for repairs, &c., to the Hospital Hulk Hygeia, being difference between the amount spent ($5,260.50) and the amount voted in the Estimates ($800).

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

C.S.O.

1609 of 1895.

C.S.O.

2423 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six hundred and Eighty Dollars, ($680), being salary drawn by Dr. BELL from 8th June to 15th August, 1895, while acting as Assistant Surgeon in the Government Civil Hospital during Dr. ATKINSON's absence on sick leave.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand and Six hundred Dollars, ($4,600), to meet the following expenses in the Police Department:-

For Passages and Bonuses,

For Incidental Expenses,

..$3,000

1,600

C.S.O.

2691 of 1895.

C.S.O.

2666 of 1895.

C.S.O. 2389 of 1895.

C.S.O. 2368 of 1895.

C.S.O. 2464 of 1895.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five thousand Dollars, ($5,000), for carrying out certain works in connection with the Taipingshan Improvement Scheme.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two hundred Dollars, ($200), in aid of the vote for "Government Marine Surveyor, Other Charges, coal, oil, and water for Steam-launch."

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two thousand Five hundred Dollars, ($2,500), for "Maintenance of Water Works."

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twelve thousand Dollars, ($12,000), in connection with Water and Drainage Works at Kowloon.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand and Twenty Dollars, ($1,020), to meet the following expenses in the Sanitary Department:-

Uniform for Staff,

Cost of Street Watering,.

Market Incidental Expenses,

•

....$520

400

100

C.S.O. 1626 & 1627 of 1895.

C.S.0. 1691 of 1895.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two hundred and Seventeen Dollars, ($217), being travelling allowances to certain Inspectors of Nuisances and Overseers of the Sanitary Department for the current year.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five thousand Dollars, ($5,000), to cover the cost of lighting the New Central Market during the current year.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

C.S.O.

1174 of 1895.

C.O.D.

195 of 1895.

'C.S.O.

2925 of 1895.

C.S.O.

2040 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty-nine thousand Dollars, ($29,000), for expenses incurred in connection with preventive measures against a recurrence of the plague.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Five hundred and Eighty Dollars, ($1,580), to cover the salary and allowances of the newly appointed Medical Officer of Health from 2nd August to 31st December, 1895.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sumn of Six hundred and Fifty Dollars, ($650), in aid of the vote "Harbour Department, Steam Launches, Other Charges, coals, repairs, etc."

Government House, Hongkong, 3rd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand and Five hundred Dollars, ($3,500), in connection with the construction of a road in Kowloon to be called Salisbury Road.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th November; 1895.

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that all the above votes be passed.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 5th December, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 5th December, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 9.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 5th December, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

>).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

the Acting Captain Superintendent of Police, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLAND

HASTINGS, R.N.).

CATCHICK PAul Chater.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 25th November, 1895, were read and confirmed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO APPLY A SUM NOT EXCEEDING TWO MILLIONS FOUR HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINE THOUSAND AND SIXTY-TWO DOLLARS TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF THE YEAR 1896."

The Committee unanimously agreed to recommend that the several items in the Bill be passed, with the exception of the item "Military Expenditure," the consideration of which was postponed until 2,30 P.M. on Thursday, the 12th December, 1895.

The Committee then adjourned as above.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 14th December, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 14th December, 1895.

J. G. T. Buckle, Acting Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

No. 10.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 14th December, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

the Acting Captain Superintendent of Police, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLAND

HASTINGS, R.N.).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

BILL ENTITLED

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 5th December, 1895, were read and confirmed.

AN ORDINANCE TO APPLY A SUM NOT EXCEEDING TWO MILLIONS FOUR hundred AND SEVENTY-NINE THOUSAND AND SIXTY-TWO DOLLARS TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF THE YEAR 1896."

The Colonial Secretary moved the adoption of the item "Military Expenditure" $440,215. The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Mr. CHATER moved as an amendment-

That the vote for the Military Contribution be reduced to 17 per cent. of the general revenue of the Colony, less the proceeds of Land Sales and less the Municipal Revenue, the items of which this latter shall be composed to be adjusted between the Imperial and Colonial Govern- ments.

Dr. Ho KAI seconded.

The Committee divided, and the amendment was lost by one vote.

The original motion was then put, and carried by a majority of one, the Unofficial Members voting against it.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 14th day of December, 1895.

Read and confirmed on the 11th February, 1896.

J. G. T. Buckle, Acting Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FIRE BRIGADE FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

273

No.

No. 14.

FIRE BRIGADE Department,

HONGKONG, 11th March, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the annual return of fires and fire alarms for the year 1894. Although the return shows a slight decline on that for 1893, the fires for the most part present the same characteristics as were pointed out in my report for that year.

In the spring the Brigade was seriously embarrassed in its operations by the supply of fresh water becoming intermittent and almost entirely ceasing, and the comparatively large conflagration that occurred in the month of March in Bonham Strand owed its spread directly to this cause.

It is true that arrangements are made by which water can be turned on upon an alarm of fire occurring, but a good deal of time is lost in carrying them out, and a fire is able to make headway before it can be properly tackled, and in a crowded Colony such as this is, with its narrow and steep streets, delay might easily result in very serious consequences.

I have always been of opinion that the completion of the Tytam water works would admit of the introduction of radical changes in the composition of the Fire Brigade, and time has shown that if the water supply were only constant it would be unnecessary to keep any steam engines other than the floating engine. The pressure of water in the streets is excellent, and cannot be exceeded by the results of the best steam engine. The street hydrants are numerous and well placed, and with the gradual increase of the number of Fire Despatch Boxes it ought to be possible to keep within moderate limits at very small expense any fire taking place in the limits of Victoria. It is, however, a sine qua non of the proper treatment of fires that the water must be unstinted, and so long as it is necessary to hamper the Brigade in its use and at times to cut it off altogether, so long must the steam engines be maintained with their complement of drivers, stokers, and officers.

At the present time, moreover, there is a particular danger in curtailing the fresh water supply, as owing to the Praya Reclamation works, it may at any time be impossible to obtain water from the sea in particular places. It is, therefore, with the greatest anxiety that one learns of an order dim- inishing the supply of fresh water, and it will be an immense relief to me when the supply is made adequate for all purposes.

I have the honour to give a list of the places where the fire despatch boxes are now located, and in conclusion to report that the officers and men have throughout the year given every assistance in the suppression of fires.

I attach copy of Mr. KINGHORN's report on the state of the engines.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Superintendent, Fire Brigade.

List of places where Fire Despatch Boxes are located.

1. No. 1 Police Station.

2. Engine House in Wanchai Road.

3. Engine House in Albany Street.

4. Royal Naval Yard.

5. Government Offices.

6. Government House.

7. House No. 7, Queen's Gardens.

8. Clock Tower.

9. Central Fire Brigade Station (3.) 10. Central Police Station.

274

11. No. 9 Police Station.

12. House No. 1, Seymour Terrace.

13. Man Mo Temple.

14. Nam Pak Hong Engine House in Bonham Strand. 15. Ko Shing Theatre.

16. Government Civil Hospital.

17. The Superintendent's Residence, "Larkspur." 18. No. 7 Police Station.

19. The Gas Works Premises.

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Superintendent, Fire Brigade.

HONGKONG, 2nd February, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward herewith a report on the state of the Government Fire Engines for the year ending 31st December, 1894.

STEAMER No. 1.

(Floating Engine by Merryweather & Sons.)

This Engine has been 28 years in service. In the month of September last, a new boiler was fitted, and the launch received a general overhaul, the time occupied by these repairs was 38 days. Since the overhaul it has done good service, and has given every satisfaction.

STEAMER No. 2.

(Land Engine by Shand & Mason.)

This Engine has been 16 years in service (9 years in Volunteer Brigade). During the year it has been thoroughly overhauled, has not been disabled at a fire, and is now in good working order.

STEAMER No. 3.

(Land Engine by Shand & Mason.)

This Engine has been 16 years in service. (Boiler 6 years.) In August last it was thoroughly overhauled and is now in good working order.

STEAMER No. 4.

(Land Engine by Shand & Mason.)

This Engine has been 13 years in service. In the month of August last, the boiler was repaired and fitted with a new crown on fire box, and the Engine was thoroughly overhauled, it has been regularly used at the monthly drills for drivers, and is in excellent working order.

STEAMER No. 5.

(Land Engine by Shand & Mason.)

This Engine has been 9 years in service. It has done some good work during the year; has been overhauled; and is now in good order.

Nine Manual Engines are all in good order. The hose, reels, and supply carts and gear are all in good order and condition.

The Assistant Engineer and drivers have given every attention to their duties.

At the beginning of the year four men applied to be taught engine driving; they attended drills, and have passed their examination successfully.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

JOHN W. KINGHORN,

Engineer, Government Fire Brigade.

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Esq., C.M.G.,

Superintendent,

Government Fire Brigade.

INCIPIENT FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1894.

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

1 2 50 TO 10 780

Jan.

Grass on Hillside at Tai Tam,

1.45 a.m.

6.30 a.m.

The Stag Hotel, Queen's Road Central, House No. 1, Woi On Lane,

ESTIMATED

DAMAGE.

$60

Unknown, Chimney on fire.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

Trifling

2 p.m.

Grass on Hillside at Stanley,

Mat bags caught fire while burning joss paper. Unknown.

A number of trees destroyed.

10 a.m.

House No. 137, Queen's Road East,

Chimney on fire.

12.30 p.m.

Grass on Hillside near Hok Tsui,

Unknown.

11 p.m.

6.45 p.m.

8.30 p.m.

9.30 p.m.

A Stack of Hay at Yaumati,

A Stack of Hay at Hung-Hom,...

House No. 81, Third Street,

$0.50

Falling of a kerosine lamp.

House No. 115, Stanley,

$70

Unknown.

$10

$50

7.20 p.m.

Small Pox Hospital,

$10

1.45 a.m.

House No. 34, Tung Mau Lane,.

Trifling

Feb.

6.45 p.m.

The Man Loong Soy Factory, Yaumati,

12.40 a.m.

House No. 52, Lower Lascar Row,

5.45 p.m.

House No. 38, Gage Street,

11.30 p.m.

House No. 17, Wing Kat Street,

4 p.m.

Grass on Hillside near Mount Kellett,

Incendiarism, Unknown.

Upsetting of a kerosine lamp. Burning of joss sticks.

Unknown.

Papers saturated with kerosine oil were found.

7.30 p.m.

A Grass Stack at Sai Wan Ho,

10.40 p.m.

A Grass Stack at Shaukiwan,

6.30 a.m.

21 March 4

A certain House (numbered) in Fuk Cheung Lane,... House No. 198, Wellington Street,

$25

$30

...

4.45 a.m.

House No. 214, Praya West,

Trifling

7.20 p.m.

A Matshed on the Reclamation Ground, Praya West,.

12.30 p.m.

House No. 4A, Upper Mosque Terrace,..

Firing of squibs. Unknown.

Grass on Hillside at Aberdeen,

2 p.m.

Grass on Hillside at Stanley,

Grass on Hillside at Aberdeen,

1 p.m.

Grass on Hillside above Wong Nei Chung,

Grass on Hillside at Shek (),

April

4.30 p.m.

3 p.m.

11 p.m.

Grass on Hillside at Pokfulam,

House No. 2, West Street,

Trifling

Grass on Hillside at Aplichau,

Carelessness with lighted candle. Unknown.

Grass on Hillside at Little Hongkong,

House No. 3, Tsing Kai Lane, Wanchai,

Trifling

Careless use of matches.

11.30 a.m.

Grass on Hillside at Mount Davis,

Burning of joss paper while worshipping at graves.

Grass on Hillside at Aplichau,

Grass on Hillside at Stanley,

Grass on Hillside at Aberdeen,

Grass on Hillside at Kennedytown,

1.30 p.m.

7.30 p.m.

Grass on Hillside at Fuk Tsum Henng,

The Ko Shing Theatre,

7.30 a.m.

9.20 p.m.

House No. 1, Ki Ling Lane, West Point, House No. 10, Hollywood Road,

$10

8.20 p.m.

House No. 188, Queen's Road Central,

45 May

3.55 a.m.

House No. 118, Wing Lok Street,..

Trifling

Unknown.

False alarm.

A mosquito curtain caught fire from a lighted lamp. Chimney on fire.

Unknown.

275

INCIPIENT FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1894,—Continued.

276

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

ESTIMATED

DAMAGE.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

46 May 6

3.30 p.m.

A Matshed at Tsat Tsz Mui,

$200.

Firing of crackers.

9.30 p.m.

A Matshed at Tsat Tsz Mui,

$1,300.

Carelessness while smoking,

7 Matsheds burnt down.

7.30 p.m.

House No. 6 Station Street,

Trifling.

9.45 p.m.

A Matshed near the Naval Yard at Kowloon,

$60.

Bursting of a kerosine lamp. Unknown.

5.20 p.m.

House No. 27 Wyndham Street,

Chimney on fire.

12.25 a.m.

House No. 365 Queen's Road West,

$150.

Unknown,

52 June 1

10.55 p.m.

House No. 217 Queen's Road West,

$100.

Breaking of a kerosine lamp.

July 10

7.30 p.m.

House No. 376 Queen's Road West,

$20.

Unknown.

1.30 p.m.

9.15 a.m.

A Hut at Mati, Kowloon, House No. 76 First Street,

$100.

$150.

Playing of matches by children. Unknown.

3 p.m.

House No. 12 New Street,

Chimney on fire.

57.

1 a.m.

House No. 108 Third Street,

Unknown.

6.15 p.m.

House No. 60 Praya East, .....

Trifling.

Burning of joss paper.

7.45 p.m.

House No. 376 Queen's Road West,

$5.

Unknown.

2.45 p.m.

House No. 25 New Street,

Trifling.

5 p.m.

62 Aug. 7

8 a.m.

Messrs. Blackhead & Co., Praya Central, House No. 198 Wellington Street,...

Chimney on fire,

9.45 p.m.

House No. 143 Queen's Road Central,

House No. 66 Praya Central,

68 Sept. 3

9 a.m.

House No. 28 Possession Street,

10.30 p.m.

House No. 129 Wanchai Road,

$5.

11.30 a.m.

4 am.

6.30 p.m.

Grass on Hillside at Stanley, House No. 8 Upper Station Street, House No. 5 Victoria Street,

Trifling.

9.30 p.m.

House No. 19 Aberdeen Street,

2 p.m.

Grass on Hillside at Stanley,

p.m.

Oct.

9 p.m.

House No. 228 Queen's Road Central, House No. 194 Queen's Road West,

5 p.m.

12.30 a.m.

A Matshed at Yaumati Village,.. House No. 62 Queen's Road West,

Trifling.

$400.

Incendiarism,

Explosion of a kerosine lamp. Unknown.

Bursting of a kerosine lamp.

Breaking of a kerosine lamp.

Unknown.

Careless use of fire for drying clothes. Upsetting of a kerosine lamp.

Careless use of fire,

Unknown.

A bundle of joss sticks saturated with kero- sine oil was found on the premises.

7 Matsheds burnt down.

5.45 a.m.

Ho Tung's Godown at Praya West,

...

9.9

2 p.m.

A Matshed at Kennedytown,

7.15 a.m.

11.30 a..

The Tai Li Soy Factory at Hunghom West, Grass on Hillside above Taitam Bay,

Trifling.

$5,000.

80 Nov.

6 p.m.

Godown No. 122 Praya East,...

$150

10.45 p.m.

House No. 153 Queen's Road West,

1.30 p.m.

Grass on Hillside above Bonham Road,..

2 p.m.

House No. 146 Market Street, Yaumati,

3.30 a.m.

10.30 p.m.

House No. 4 Centre Street,

A Matshed at Quarry Bay,..

1.50 p.m.

House No. 5 West Street,

5.30 a.m.

Godown No. 74 Praya East,

888888

12.30 a.m.

The Stag Hotel, Queen's Road Central,

Trifling.

...

$300.

Spontaneous combustion of coal. Incendiarism,

Unknown.

Burning of joss paper and sticks. Unknown.

Spontaneous combustion of coal. Chimney on fire.

Matches and papers saturated with kerosine

oil were found on the stairs.

11 a.m.

A Stack of Grass at Stanley,

$12.

Unknown.

.......

8.30 p.m.

Hut No. 8 on the Reclamation Ground, Praya West,

Trifling.

Upsetting of a kerosine lamp.

INCIPIENT FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1894,-Continued.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

91 Nov.

92 | Dec.

TIME.

1 a.m.

2 a.m.

9.20 p.m.

3.15 p.m.

5.40 p.m.

10.45 a.m.

5 p.m.

3 p.m.

100

11.15 a.m.

101

10.15 p.m.

102

3.15 p.m.

103

1 p.m.

104

1 p.m.

105

106

4 a.m.

4.30 a.m.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

ESTIMATED

DAMAGE.

House No. 237 Queen's Road Central, A Haystack at Mongkok Tsui, House No. 10 I Wo Street,.

Trifling.

$10.

Unknown.

Triffing.

House No. 32 Second Street,

$200.

A European House at Peak Road, House No. 16 Ship Street,

Grass on Hillside at Tsat Tsz Mui, House No. 20 Western Street, The Magistracy,

House No. 380 Queen's Road West,

House No. 201 Hollywood Road, House No. 14 Second Street, House No. 18 Belilios Terrace, Grass on Hillside at Stanley, The Central Police Barracks, House No. 109 First Street,

...

Trifling.

...

Falling of a kerosino lamp. Overheating of flue.

Unknown.

Chimney on fire.

Incendiarism,

Burning of joss paper.

Incendiarism,

Unknown.

Incendiarism,

Unknown.

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

No. 273 Queen's Road West,

123

Jan.

12.30 p.m.

8.45 p.m.

No. 56 First Street,

No. 13 U Lok Lane,

26 1.25 a.m.

Feb.

No. 26 Market Street,..

7.55 a.m.

1.40 p.m.

4.50 p.m.

7 p.m.

March 3

7.30 a.m.

9.35 a.m.

No. 57 Queen's Road West, No. 28 Upper Station Street, No. 86 Queen's Road West,

.....

No. 17 Salt Fish Street, No. 17 Upper Lascar Row,.

Chimney on fire.

A jacket hanging close to a lighted lamp caught fire.

Newspapers saturated with kerosine oil were spread over chairs and stools and were partly burnt.

Lighted papers were found on the staircase.

A bottle of kerosine oil and matches saturated with kerosine oil were found on the verandah close to the venetians.

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Supt. Fire Brigade.

FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1894.

No. of

BUILDINGS

DESTROYED.

ESTIMATED

DAMAGE.

Wholly Partly.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

Insured with the Economic Fire Insurance Company for $7,000.

$800

$400

Breaking of a kerosine lamp,

Not Insured.

Unknown,

Not Insured.

$1,200

Do.,

$2,500

$4,000

$300

$50

Carelessness with lighted matches, Firing of crackers, Unknown,

Overheating of a stove for drying medicine,

Not Insured.

Insured with the Meiji Fire Insurance Com- Not Insured. [pany for $2,500.

Insured in the Office of Messrs. Carlowitz & Co. for $5,000.

Insured in the Office of Messrs. Carlowitz & Co. for $3,000.

$1,500

Unknown,

$5,000

Careless use of matches,

Not Insured.

277

FIRES DURING THE YEAR 1894,-- Continued.

No. of

BUILDINGS

ESTIMATED

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

DESTROYED.

CAUSE.

DAMAGE.

Wholly. Partly.

7 p.m.

April 4

14 May

9.20 p.m. 10.30 a.m.

9 a.m.

2 a.m.

No. 63 Wanchai Road,

No. 122 Queen's Road Central,

No. 136 Bonham Strand,.

$150,000

Unknown,

No. 211 Hollywood Road,

}

$2,000

Falling of a kerosino lamp,

co:

$1,500

Unknown,

$55,000

Falling of a kerosine lamp,

No. 116 Queen's Road Central,

$18,000

Unknown,

3 a.m.

No. 137 Queen's Road West,

$4,500

16 June

3 a.m.

No. 15 Jervois Street,

3.10 a.m.

No. 228 Queen's Road Central,

Breaking of a kerosine lamp, $2,500 Explosion of a kerosine lamp, $20,000 Explosion of a kerosine lamp,

REMARKS.

278

....

Dropping of sparks from a furnace on wood shavings,

Insured in different Offices for $12,000. Insured with Messrs. Kruse & Co. for $2,000. Insured with Messrs. Kruse & Co. for $2,500. Insured with Messrs. Brockelmann & Co. for $8,000.

Insured with the Netherlands Fire Insurance Company for $12,000.

Insured with the Hamburg Bremen Fire Insurance Company for $4,000.

Insured with Messrs. Siemssen & Co. for

$7,200.

Insured with the Baloise Fire Insurance Company for $10,000 and with the Prussian National Insurance Company for $15,000.

Insured with Messrs. Kruse & Co. for $3,000- and with Messrs. Schellhass & Co. for $2,000.

Not Insured.

Insured with Messrs. Reuter, Brockelmann & Co. for $12,000.

Insured with the Transatlantic Fire Insurance Company for $5,000.

Not Insured.

Insured with Messrs. Scheele & Co. For $4,500 and with Messrs. Schellhass & Co. for $10,000.

Insured with the London and Lancashire Fire Insurance Company for $5,150. Insured in the North German Fire Insurance Company for $3,000.

Insured in the Office of Messrs. Meyer & Co. for $16,000.

Insured in the Office of Messrs. Bradley & Co. for $1,800.

Insured with Messrs. Schellhass & Co. for $1,400.

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Supt. Fire Brigade.

18 July

19 | Aug. 14

21 Oct.

10.25 p.m.

10.30 a.m.

3.45 a.m.

No. 123 Queen's Road Central,

No. 59 Square Street, No. 68 Jervois Street,.

$3,000

Unknown,

$500

Do.,

$18,000

Bursting of a kerosine lamp,

2 a.m.

No. 9 Sai On Lane,

$200

22 23 24

AAA

11.30 p.m.

No. 21 West Sirect,

$800

Unknown,

6.20 p.m.

No. 2 Ship Street,

$200

Careless use of matches,

12.10 a.m.

No. 127 Queen's Road West,

$15,000

Unknown,

1:3

10 p.m.

26 Nov. 30

27 Dec.

7.40 p.m.

No. 32 Bonham Strand,

No. 115 Queen's Road Central,

$4,600

Do.,

$2,000

Do.,

No. 207 Queen's Road Central,

$8,000

Do.,

11.20 p.m.

5.30 p.m.

No. 183 Hollywood Road,

$2,000

Upsetting of a kerosine lump,

No. 22 Queen's Road West,

$100

Unknown,

HONGKONG.

No. 3

No. 57.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF VICTORIA GAOL FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

VICTORIA GAOL, SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, HONGKONG, 28th January, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward for the information of His Excellency the Governor the Annual Report on the Victoria Gaol for 1894.

2. The total number of admissions was 3,913 of which number 753 had been previously convicted. The number of old offenders admitted during the last two years is nearly 49 per cent. less than in

1892.

3. The daily average number confined in the Gaol, was 455 as compared with 458 in 1893. During the months of July, August and September, the daily average number of prisoners was greatly reduced owing to the effect on the Colony of the epidemic of bubonic plague. The numbers for those three months were 401, 398 and 404 respectively. The lowest number in Gaol on any one day was 373 on the 11th August, but as the epidemic disappeared the number increased till the daily total reached 539 on the 10th December.

4. There were 5,120 offences against prison discipline committed during the year being 11.27 offences to each prisoner as compared with 11.15 in 1893.

5. The sanitary state of the Gaol was good. There were 3 cases of bubonic plague, the first case being noticed on the 21st May. The prisoner who was discharged on the afternoon of that day had been 2 days in Gaol. In the second case the prisoner was admitted to Gaol on the 5th June, was admitted to hospital on the 8th and was released on the 14th June. In the third case the prisoner was admitted to Gaol on the 12th June, was admitted to hospital on the 20th and was released on the 21st June. The Gaol Medical Officer informs me that he is of opinion that in no case was the disease contracted in the Gaol. All prisoners were subjected to a searching medical examination on admission before they were told off to cells and every precaution was taken to prevent the disease from spreading. 6. Attention has been directed during the year to the very large number of prisoners on light labour by order of the Medical Officer. The daily average number of these prisoners was 105 or about 23 per cent. of the prisoners in Gaol. This is a very large proportion and under such conlitions the Gaol becomes an asylum.

7. The amount paid into the Treasury during the year on account of industrial labour was $383.33 less than in 1893. This is due to the decreased profit on the oakum sold owing to the further increased cost of paper stuff.

8. The daily average number of females was 14. The want of proper accommodation for female prisoners has been severely felt.

9. The record of casualties in the staff shows that 48 third class Turnkeys, 4 second class Guards and 1 Nurse of the Female Prison joined during the year; 1 second class and 22 third class Turnkeys and 1 second class Guard were dismissed for misconduct; 2 third class Turnkeys deserted and the services of 7 third class Turnkeys were dispensed with being found useless; 2 second class and 9 third class Turnkeys, 1 first class and 1 second class Guard and 1 Nurse of the female prison resigned their appointments; 1 first class Turnkey was invalided; 1 third class Turnkey and 1 Indian Sergeant were pensioned; 1 third class Turnkey was transferred to the Sanitary Department; 2 second class and 4 third class Turnkeys were promoted to the rank of first and second class Turnkeys respectively and 1 second class Guard died.

10. These figures I submit speak for themselves and clearly show how extremely unsatisfactory the condition of the staff was during the year and the necessity for placing it on a better footing without further delay. I was again obliged to ask for the services of some men of the garrison to act as turnkeys, but latterly I have been successful in obtaining a far superior class of men to fill the vacancies. I am glad to be able to report that this perpetual weeding out of the staff has been attended with good results and that the conduct of those serving at the end of the year has been generally satisfactory.

11. The Warden J. JONES retired on a pension on the 1st August. He was an energetic and conscientious officer and served in the prison service for 21 years.

12. During the year I have reported fully as to the improvements which should be made in the Gaol. If my recommendations be approved I trust that by the close of the present year the yard space in the male prison will be increased and that proper accommodation will be provided for female prisoners.

13. I forward herewith the usual returns.

The Honourable

THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

H. B. LETHBRIDGE, Superintendent.

(A.)

VICTORIA GAOL.

Return of Reports for talking, idling, short oakum picking, &c., in the years, 1891, 1892, 1893 and 1894.

1891.

1892.

MONTH.

Daily average number | Daily average number

in Prison, 507.

in Prison, 515.

1893. Daily average number in Prison, 458.

1894. Daily average number in Prison, 455.

122 166

January,

252

237

264

February, March,

April, May,

116

316

150

227

351

330

209

202

253

240

180

257

142

198

223

June,

313

129

138

179

•

July,

427

242

211

August,

473

224

211

187

September,

489

142

204

410

October,

397

108

441

November,

441

129

363

December,

469

259

132

205

Total,..

4,063

2,386

2,282

2,896

(B.)

Return of Offences reported of Prisoners fighting with or assaulting each other, or Officers, for the years 1891, 1892, 1893 and 1894.

MONTH.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

Daily average number Daily average number

in Prison, 507.

in Prison, 515.

Daily average number Daily average number

in Prison, 458.

in Prison, 455.

January, February, March, April,

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,.

GARRQOHANN

Total,

114

105

(C.)

Return of Offences of Prisoners having Tobacco, for the years 1891, 1892, 1893 and 1894.

1891.

1892.

Daily average number Daily average number

in Prison, 507.

in Prison, 515.

1893.

1894.

Daily average number Daily average number

in Prison, 458.

in Prison, 455.

MONTH.

January,

February,

March,

April,

May, June, July,

August,

•

September,

October,

November,

December,..

Total,..

254

307

141

117

(D.)

Comparative Return of Prisoners confined in Victoria Gaol on 31st December, 1891, 31st December, 1892, 31st December, 1893 and 31st December, 1894.

CONVICTION.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1st,

373

297

324

366

2nd,

3rd,

4th,

5th,

6th,

7th,

8th,

9th,

10th,

11th,

12th,

13th,

Total,.

502

441

467

488

(E.)

Abstract of Industrial Labour, Victoria Gaol, for the year, 1894.

Dr.

OAKUM.

Cr.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ 385.96 1994.

Cost of Paper Stuff purchased

By Oakum sold during the year,....

Oakum used for Gaol,

$ 2,369.56

3.25

during the year,

1,988.89

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1894,

221.58

Profit,.

219.54

Total,........$

2,594.39

Total,..

2,594.39

COIR.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ 153.53

Cost of Material purchased during

1894.

the year,...

Profit,

603.51

555.36

1894,-

Material,

By Matting, &c., sold during the year, $ 1,010.18

Articles made for Gaol use,

Stock on hand, 31st December,

Manufactured Articles,

7.98

205.82 88.42

Total,........$ 1,312.40

Total,........$

1,312.40

་

NET-MAKING.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ Cost of Material purchased during

1.31

1894.

By Nets and Netting sold and re-

paired,

157.60

the year,...

Profit,

126.52

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1894,-

30.59

Material,

.82

Total,........$

158.42

Total,..... .S

158.42

TAILORING.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1891, $ Cost of Material purchased during

3.69

1894.

By Articles sold and repaired,

112.60

Work done for Gaol,

591.37

the year,

674.65

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1894,-

Profit,........

60.53

Material,

34.90

Total,........$

738.87

Total,.

738.87

PRINTING.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ Cost of Material purchased during

5.95

1894.

By Printing done for outside,

Printing done for Gaol,

24.57

138.90

the year,

16.07

Stock on hand, 31st December, i

1894,-

Profit,.

145.61

Material,

4.16

Total,..

Total,.

167.63

BOOK-BINDING.

1894.

Cost of Material purchased during

the year,

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ 18.55 1894.

By Book-binding and repairing done

for outside,

224.35

107.57

Profit,.

136.09

Book-binding and repairing done

for Gaol,

Stock on hand, 31st December,

30.15

Total,..

262.21

SHOE-MAKING.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ 12.92

Cost of Material purchased during

1894.

the year,

40.12

Profit,.

23.86

1894,-

Material,

7.71

Total,.

262.21

By Articles sold and repaired during

the year,.

Work done for Gaol,

Stock on hand, 31st December,

$$$

33.90

31.20

1894,-

Material,

1.80

Manufactured Articles, -

10.00

Total,..

76.90

Total,........$

76.90

WASHING.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ Cost of Material purchased during

14.32

1894.

By Washing done for which cash

was received,.

3.67

the year,

644.03

Washing done for Prison Officers

at 1 cent per piece,

398.89

Profit,...

636.78

Washing Prisoners' Clothing at

1 cent per piece,

865.36

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1894,-

Material,

27.21

Total,.

1,295.13

Total,..

1,295.13

GRASS MATTING.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ 5.09

1894.

Cost of Material purchased during

the year,

Profit,...

39.13

By Matting sold during the year,.

Matting made for Gaol use,. Stock on hand, 31st December,

1894,-

29.82

12.08

3.87

Material,

6.19

Total,..

48.09

RATTAN.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, | $ Cost of Material purchased during

16.99

1894.

the year,

31.97

Profit,...

12.02

Total,.

60.98

TIN-SMITHING.

Total,.

€

By Articles sold during the year,.

Articles made for Gaol use,.

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1894,-

Material,

Manufactured Articles,..

48.09

43.10 10.08

1.30

6.50

Total,

60.98

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ Cost of Material purchased during

1.43

1894.

By Work done for outside,

3.20

Work done for Gaol,.

14.08

the year,

16.65

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1894,-

Material,

.80

Total,

18.08

Total,..

18.08

CARPENTERING.

1894.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1894, $ Cost of Material purchased during

4.79 1891.

the year,

86.30

1894.

Oakuin, Coir, Net-making, Tailoring,

Printing,

Bookbinding,

Shoemaking,

Washing,..

Grass Matting, Rattan Work, Tin-smithing, Carpentering,

Total,.

91.09

By Articles sold and repaired during

the year,

多少

Work done for Gaol,

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1894,-

Material,

RECAPITULATION.

21.91 67.35

1.83

Total,........$

91.09

$ 219.54

1894. By Surplus,

....

$ 1,824.25

555.36

30.59

60.53

145.61

136.09

23.86

636.78

3.87 12.02

Total,. . . . . .

.$ 1,824.25

Total,........$

1,824.25

No. 1

HONGKONG.

REPORT BY MESSRS. COODE SON & MATTHEWS ON THE GAP ROCK LIGHTHOUSE.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

GAP ROCK LIGHTHOUSE.

HONGKONG, 10th January, 1895.

SIR, Ou the 21st November last, Mr. MATTHEWS, who was at that time engaged on professional business at Colombo, was informed by the Colonial Secretary of Ceylon that His Excellency the Governor of that Colony, had received a cablegram from His Excellency the Governor of Hongkong, enquiring if he (Mr. MATTHEWS) could visit the last named Colony for the purpose of inspecting the Gap Rock Lighthouse.

2. Upon subsequently ascertaining that such an investigation would be practicable, having regard to other engagements previously fixed in the Cape Colony, Mr. MATTHEWS left Colombo on 19th ultimo, arriving at Hongkong on 1st instant, where he was met by the Director of Public Works, who kindly furnished plans and reports giving full particulars of the Gap Rock Lighthouse and the works in connection therewith.

3. Inspection of Gap Rock.-After perusing the last named papers Mr. MATTHEWS, accompanied by the Director of Public Works and the Harbour Master, visited the Gap Rock on 3rd instant, and very carefully examined the existing Tower with its lantern and apparatus, and also the European and Chinese Quarters. The peculiar configuration of the Rock with the Gap on the east and on the west faces was particularly noted as also the spur on the south-east end of the Rock and the effect of the same considered in the concentration of the sea and the diversion of the waves into the eastern gap during typhoon periods.

4. Instructions for Report.-On 5th instant we received from you definite instructions relative to the points upon which our opinion is more particularly requested. These are-

(i) As to the establishment of a permanent lighthouse on the Gap Rock, having due regard

to the practicability of retaining, as far as possible, the existing buildings.

(ii) As to efficiently maintaining such buildings and the light, including staff and service

between Hongkong and the Gap Rock.

5. General description of Rock, Lighthouse and Buildings.-Gap Rock is about 30 miles south- west of Hongkong. The centre of the Rock runs about north-east and south-west and is 440 feet in length in this direction. About midway there is a gap on either side of the centre, the inner ends of which converge until at the connecting ridge between the northern and southern portions the Rock is only 10 feet, or thereabouts, in width. The axis of the southern patch extends north-west and south-east and is 480 feet across in this direction. This section of the Rock consists of a mass rising to a height of 94 feet 6 inches above mean sea level, flanked on the south-east side by a spur of 220 feet in length. The north-east face of this spur is practically vertical for a height of 35 feet, whilst the adjacent face of the gap rises 75 feet, in a horizontal width of 50 feet. It follows from this extremely unfavourable configuration of the eastern gap and spur of rock that any seas from north- east around to south-east are concentrated into a funnel-shaped cavity, thereby intensifying even the abnormally severe waves which are associated with the occurrence of typhoons.

6. The northern portion of the Rock is of much more favourable shape, being practically circular and of 280 feet in diameter at its base. It rises to 74 feet 6 inches above mean sea level, where there is a flat area of 100 feet by 80 feet. A small section of this Rock, at the northern portion of the plateau, rises to a further height of 10 feet.

7. The gap on the western face between the two sections of the Rock is less exposed than that on the eastern side and is of a much more favourable shape. We do not therefore apprehend that any damage would arise to the Lighthouse and Buildings in consequence of the existence of this gap.

8. The landing place has been rightly fixed on the western face which is generally the side on which most shelter is to be found.

9. The Lighthouse and Quarters for the Keepers, both European and Chinese, have been erected on the crest of the southern portion of the Rock, the Tower being about 60 feet from the eastern gap, to the exposure of which we have alluded.

10. The whole of the buildings are of brickwork faced with granite. They consist mainly of a Light Tower 32 feet 6 inches in height flanked by the European Quarters. This last named structure is of oblong form 38 feet in length, 18 feet in breadth, and 30 feet in height. It contains a base- ment having store and water tank, these being surmounted by two floors for the accommodation

of the Keepers. Northward of this last named block and connected therewith by a short passage, a further building has been erected for use by the Chinese Assistant Keepers and by the Telegraph Clerk. This structure is also of rectangular shape and measures 43 feet 6 inches in length, 20 feet 9 inches in width, and 22 feet in height.

11. The lantern and apparatus were prepared by Messrs. CHANCE BROTHERS, the former has flat glass and is not, in our opinion, of so good a form as the helical frame lantern with circular glazing, which has been adopted by the Trinity House. We may, however, observe, in this connection, that had the circular glazing been adopted, we are of opinion that the damage which was caused by the Typhoon of October 1893 would not have been averted. The apparatus is of the usual form for a light of this character. It is of the first order, dioptric, giving a flashing light at half minute intervals. The focal plane is 141 feet 8 inches above mean sea level and the light is visible, in clear weather about 20 miles.

12. The light was first shown in the early part of April 1892, and has since been continuously exhibited with the exception of one night, viz., on 2nd October, 1893, after the typhoon which oaused the damage.

13. The cost of the Lighthouse, buildings, apparatus, etc., complete, exclusive of the expenditure incurred in the purchase of the attendant tug Fame, was $145,000.

14. Importance of Light.--The light on the Gap Rock is an extremely important one in the interests of navigation. It is "made" by vessels approaching Hongkong from the South, and also indicates the position of the islands and rocks to vessels leaving the Port southward. It is evident from a perusal of the papers that Gap Rock was decided upon as the best position for the light only after the most mature deliberation, strong reasons for fixing on this Rock for the then proposed lighthouse will be found in the letters from Commodore MORANT, R.N., and the Surveyor General, dated respectively 30th September and 20th November, 1886. Although therefore the Gap is unquestionably a most exposed site for a lighthouse and the configuration of the Rock, as we have pointed out, is unfavourable, still it would appear highly undesirable to remove the light to a less exposed position, in view of the strong reasons which were given in favour of erection on its present site, putting aside the prolonged negotiations which had to be conducted with the Chinese Government before the present position was definitely fixed, and which would have to be re-opened were it decided to remove the light to one of the larger adjacent islands.

15. Damage caused by typhoon of October 1893.-The Director of the Hongkong Observatory in a letter dated 20th October, 1893, pointed out that it was blowing with typhoon force at the Gap Rock from the morning of 2nd October, until the early morning hours on the 3rd, also that the typhoon was one of exceptional severity at the Gap and that the disaster was greatly intensified by the unusually great length of time the blow lasted. It would also appear from this letter that the Gap Rock lies very near the track of the worst typhoons that have been felt in the Colony.

16. We have been informed by Mr. CHARLES NICHOLAS, the Senior Keeper, who was on the Rock when the typhoon occurred, that the chief damage was caused about noon on 2nd October; this consisted mainly in the breaking of four panes of lantern glass, inch in thickness, on the east side, three centre panels of the apparatus destroyed and one damaged; one upper panel of prisms broken and others slightly damaged, three bottom panels of prisms slightly fractured. Sundry damage was occasioned to the doors, windows and other details connected with the buildings as described in the report by the Director of Public Works dated 16th October, 1893.

17. In consequence of the damage to the lantern and apparatus no light was exhibited, as we have previously named, on 2nd October. On 3rd three lamps were rigged temporarily by the Keepers and the light was partially shown; it was only, however, on two or three days after the disaster, that the flashes could be exhibited with approximate regularity.

18. Upon reference to the log kept at the Rock, it would appear that from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. on 2nd October, which covers the period when the damage occurred, the wind was from east, thus, when the typhoon was at its height, the gap and spur must have assisted in a material degree to produce the disaster, in consequence of the latter directing the seas into the funnel, which were then concen- trated and shot on to the Lighthouse and buildings.

19. Although it is patent now from experience, what serious results can be produced by the spur and gap, we can fully realize the disadvantages under which the original designers of the Lighthouse and buildings laboured from the limited knowledge of the Rock which was all that was then available.

20. Upon the occurrence of the disaster, both the Director of Public Works and the Harbour Master adopted, with the least possible delay, such measures as were necessary for the reinstating and service of the light in an efficient manner, strong iron shutters have also been fitted to the most exposed of the windows in the quarters.

21. Whilst on this point we may observe, that it is not, in our opinion, practicable to adopt efficient measures for protecting the lantern glass during typhoons. Any protection of this kind which might be provided could not be fixed with such readiness and certainty as is imperative under the extremely adverse conditions which would prevail; and moreover if it were possible so to shield the lantern, the efficiency of the light to the mariner must inevitably be impaired thereby at a time when it is most required.

22. Typhoon of October last typhoon, also of exceptional severity, occurred on 5th October last. On this occasion the direction of the wind during the height of the typhoon varied from east to

-south-south-west. The full force of the seas therefore fell on the southern face of the Rock when the spur would act as a protection to the eastern gap. Mr. NICHOLAS, who was on the Rock during both typhoons, confirms, by his observations of the direction of the seas, the views we have above expressed. In consequence of the full force of the typhoon being more southerly in October last than during the previous typhoon, the circumstance is entirely due that practically no damage was produced by the former whilst the latter was peculiarly disastrous.

منست

23. Previous Reports. Two reports have been prepared by the Director of Public Works bearing on the foregoing subject, these documents are dated 16th and 25th October, 1893, respectively, and show clearly the extent of the damage caused by the typhoon and the conditions which attended the disaster.

24. On 8th August last the Engineer to the Trinity Corporation, to whom the matter had been referred, reported, inter alia, that the Buildings offer great resistance to the sea and that in his opinion they are inadequate for such an exceptionally exposed position. The report concludes with the following paragraphs :—

"I am of opinion it would have been preferable had the Lighthouse been erected at the north "end of the Rock, as it will be seen from the formation of this site that it is well "protected and only broken water, to a harmless extent, could, at any time, have "surrounded a building so placed. The Tower should also, I consider, have been treated "as a Rock Lighthouse, constructed of cylindrical form and having a cylindrical lantern

as used in the Corporation service."

"A repetition of the damage recently experienced might not improbably be averted by "filling the gully on the east side, previously referred to, and the removal of the cause- way at the end of the gully which would have the effect of easing the sea over the "Rock. I regret to state, however, that even if this were successfully carried out, "which would involve considerable expenditure, the safety of the existing Lighthouse "and premises would still remain a source of anxiety."

RECOMMENDATIONS.

25. Accompanying Drawings.-This report is accompanied by two drawings* marked No. 1 and No. 2 respectively.

26. Drawing No. 1 shows a plan of the Gap Rock with contour lines at each 10 feet in height. These bring out the configuration of the Rock, as far as it is practicable to do so, although without an inspection, it is difficult to grasp the effect which the sea would have on the gaps and more particularly that on the eastern face. The sheet also shows by red colour the new position which we propose for the Lighthouse and the European Quarters.

27. Drawing No. 2 shows general views of the New Tower and Quarters, from which their scope and character and the mode of construction proposed to be adopted will be readily understood. The details indicated on this sheet are, of course, subject to modification by the Director of Public Works upon preparing the larger scale drawings from which the structures would be executed. This sheet also shows a longitudinal section whereon the new Lighthouse and works are coloured red, whereas those portions of the existing buildings which we consider should be removed are crossed by red lines.

28. New Tower. Upon referring to the drawings it will be observed, that we propose to build a new Tower on the northern portion of the Rock. It would be a cylindrical structure, generally of 14 feet internal diameter, the walls being of massive proportions and consisting of brickwork faced with granite. It would rest on a heavy base and sub-base of granite and concrete, coming well within the edge of the plateau at the crest of the Rock to which reference has been made. The Tower would carry a new lantern of cylindrical form, furnished with helical framing and circular glazing, all of the most recent type as adopted by the Trinity Corporation. The existing apparatus would be re-fixed in the new Tower, so that the character of the light would remain unchanged. Efficient arrangements would have to be adopted for the exhibition of a temporary light during the carrying out of the modifications. The focal plane of the apparatus, when re-fixed, would be 150 feet above mean sea level, as compared with 141 feet 8 inches as at present, a modification, which whilst necessary for construction purposes, would not exercise any material effect on the light.

29. New Quarters for Europeans.-To the north-west of the new Tower and abutting thereon, we propose to erect quarters for three European Keepers. The building would be one story only in height and would rest on a lower base corresponding with that which carries the Tower. Underneath the floors a large tank would be provided for the storage of fresh water caught from the roofs. The accommodation afforded by the new quarters would be practically the same as that now provided with regard to space and air, but the walls would be much heavier and the block of buildings placed on the lee side of the Tower facing Ladrone Islands and the mainland, where they would be in shelter.

30. Having regard to the heat during the summer season, when the day temperature within the existing buildings is from 86° to 88°, we are opinion that external quarters for the Keepers are in this case imperative, as distinguished from quarters within Rock Towers as provided at home, where the heat is less severe. Moreover, in this case no disadvantage will arise, or source of weakness result, from the adoption of external quarters of the character suggested and shown on the drawings.

* Not printed.

31. Removal of Existing Buildings.-The existing Lighthouse Tower, as also the block of build- ings abutting thereon, would be removed to the level of the ground floor, at which level a new and substantial flat roof would be provided, so that water may be collected therefrom and from the other block of buildings, and discharged into the existing Tank, which lies under the present quarters of the European Keepers. It will be observed from the section on drawing No. 2, that when the build- ings have been removed as proposed, no obstacle will be presented to the free exhibition of the new light.

32. The connecting passage between the European and Chinese quarters would also be removed, but not the block of buildings constituting the last named quarters and the telegraph room. propose that these buildings, the roof of which is at such a level as not to obstruct the new light seaward, should remain intact. During typhoons, the Chinese Assistants would, when necessary, for the two or three days when storms prevail, be housed in one of the rooms of the Tower itself.

33. New Landing Place.-As considerable difficulty and not a little danger sometimes attends landing on and departure from the Rock, we are of opinion that a second landing place, furnished with a derrick, might with advantage be provided to the southward of the existing landing, in the position suggested by Captain RUMSEY. From this new landing a zig-zag path would have to be formed up the face of the Rock, leading to the present causeway.

34. General remarks with regard to the proposal.—It is to us a subject of extreme regret, that we have been unable to put forward any project for adoption which involves the maintenance of the existing Tower and the European Quarters. We concur in the views expressed by the Engineer to the Trinity Corporation, that the north end of the Rock is the proper site for the Tower and that as long as the Lighthouse and buildings remain in their present position, they will prove a source of anxiety and expense. In a matter of such moment there ought, in our view, to be no uncertainty with regard to the satisfactory and continuous exhibition of the light. If it sometimes fails when most required, viz., during storms, instead of being a means of safety, it might become a positive source of danger to the mariner. This is so well recognized at home, that no expense is spared to remedy proved defects in the lighthouse service around the coasts of Great Britain, and we would urge that a similar policy is the only satisfactory one to pursue in the present instance.

35. We have carefully considered both on the Rock, and subsequently, if the difficulties attendant on this case could be removed, to the requisite extent, by filling up the eastern gap, so as to ease the run of the sea therein. We are of opinion, after an inspection of the site and an examination of the configuration and character of the rocks, that the difficulties attendant upon the execution of such a slope would be exceptionally great, particularly at the toe where some work below low water level would be required. We consider that the cost of such a slope, including the formation of the toe, would exceed that of the execution of the proposals which we have put forward for adoption. We also entertain considerable doubt, as to whether the toe could be permanently executed in such an exposed position, the rocks at this spot being waterworn to a glassy surface sloping outwards. For the foregoing reasons we much regret that we are unable to devise any satisfactory form of treatment for the dissipation of the seas falling into the eastern gap.

your

36. Estimate.It is not practicable to arrive at more than an approximate estimate of the cost of the proposed works in consequence of the difficulties attendant upon the landing of the men and materials, and the extent to which the operations will be governed by the seasons. We believe, however, that an expenditure of $139,000 will be found sufficient for the satisfactory execution of the works proposed. 37. As to the maintenance of the Buildings and the Light.-With reference to the second head in letter of 5th instant, we would recommend that the services of the present European Keepers be retained, or that other experienced men from the Trinity service be engaged in lieu of them on the expiration of their agreements, provided suitable arrangement cannot be made with the existing Keepers or that they may be unwilling to remain. In such an exposed position, where as in the case of the typhoon of October 1893, the Keepers may be required to act on their own responsibility, it is most important that only experienced Europeans should be in charge. The Chinese Assistants would, we take it, continue to be employed as hitherto.

38. With regard to the services of a Tug for the relief and provisioning of the Keepers, the conveyance of stores, and the making of inspections, etc., although, of course, it is a matter of consider- able importance, that adequate provision in these respects should be made, it appears to us that this is a question which can be better dealt with by the Harbour Master, and with reference to which he will, no doubt, be glad to furnish such information as may be desired.

39. Conclusion. In conclusion, we have to express our thanks to the Director of Public Works and the Harbour Master for the assistance they so courteously rendered in the making of our inspection and subsequent thereto. Our thanks are especially due to Mr. COOPER for the readiness with which he has at all times aided us and for the assistance rendered by his staff in the preparation of the accompanying drawings and the Bill of Quantities upon which the foregoing estimate is based.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servants,

The Honourable

THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY.

COODE SON & MATTHEWS.

HONGKONG.

No. 9

LETTER No. 385 OF THE 27TH FEBRUARY FROM THE ACTING COLONIAL SECRETARY TO THE HARBOUR MASTER RELATIVE TO THE ALLEGED EXISTENCE OF

CORRUPTION IN THE HARBOUR DEPARTMENT.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

No. 385.

SIR,

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 27th February, 1895.

With reference to paragraph 12, of page 56, of the Evidence appended to the Report of the Retrenchment Committee, I am directed to inform you that Mr. THOMSON denies the accuracy of the words therein attributed to him by the Chairman, but admits having made a confidential statement before the Emigration Committee to the effect that from current reports amongst the Chinese, of which he, as Acting Registrar General, was informed confidentially, there was a certain amount of reason to believe that corruption existed in the passing of emigrants.

As, however, no proof appears to be forthcoming in support of the accuracy of such rumours, I am to state that the Government cannot place any credence therein, and I am to express regret that by inadvertence publicity was given to what appeared to be a charge of corruption but which, on investigation, is found to be the repetition of mere rumours unsupported by a vestige of evidence.

I am to add that this letter will be laid on the table at the next meeting of the Legislative Council.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable

THE HARBOUR MASTER.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

No. 75.

HONGKONG.

THE HARBOUR MASTER'S REPORT FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

237

No. 17

HARBOUR DEPARTMENT,

HONGKONG, 11th February, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the Annual Returns for this Department for the year ending 31st December, 1894.

I. Number, Tonnage, Crews, and Cargoes of Vessels entered. II. Number, Tonnage, Crews, and Cargoes of Vessels cleared.

III. Number, Tonnage and Crews of Vessels of each Nation entered.

IV. Number, Tonnage and Crews of Vessels of each Nation cleared.

V. Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, and Cargoes of Vessels entered at cach Port. VI. Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, and Cargoes of Vessels cleared at each Port. VII. Return of Junks entered from Macao.

VIII. Return of Junks cleared for Macao.

IX. Return of Junks entered at each Port from China and Formosa.

X. Return of Junks cleared at each Port for China and Formosa.

XI. Grand Total Number of Junks entered at each Port.

XII. Grand Total Number of Junks cleared at each Port.

XIII. Return of Junks (Local Trade) entered.

XIV. Return of Junks (Local Trade) cleared.

XV. Summary of Arrivals and Departures of all Vessels.

XVI. Return of Vessels registered.

XVII. Return of Vessels Struck off the Register.

XVIII. Amount of Fees received under Table B of Ordinance 26 of 1891.

XIX. Return of Chinese Passenger Ships cleared by the Emigration Officer.

XX. Return of Vessels bringing Chinese Passengers to Hongkong from places out of

China.

XXI. Return of Marine Cases tried.

XXII. Diagram of Tonnage of Vessels entered.

XXIII. Return of the work performed by the Government Marine Surveyor.

XXIV. Return from Imports and Exports (Opium) Office.

SHIPPING.

2. The total of arrivals and sailings amounted to 14,248,670 tons, or a decrease on 1893 of of 100,452 tons. There were 31,470 arrivals with a tonnage of 7,123,748 tons, and 31,321 departures of 7,124,922 tons.

The decrease in tonnage in European constructed vessels is 66,677 tons, the numerical decrease is 306; and although 106 of these latter are British, still British shipping on the whole shows an actual increase of 46,201 tons, the increase in the size of ships as indicated last year, having been continued.

The foreign junk trade shows a decrease of 1,336 vessels measuring 5,883 tons, here also an increase in individual bulk is indicated. If the decrease was fairly apportioned, tonnage to numbers, the decrease of 1,336 would average slightly over 4 tons a-piece, whilst the 45,861 actually shown averages a trifle under 76 tons a-piece. Similarly the decrease in the local junk trade (1,408 vessels measuring 27,892 tons) seems to indicate the retirement of the smaller craft, the decrease averaging slightly over 19 tons a-piece, and the vessels engaged averaging over 35 tons a-piece, presumably there- fore increased size means increased economy even with Chinese craft.

238

3. The following statement shows how the amount of shipping is apportioned.

Comparative Shipping Return for the Years 1893 and 1894.

1893.

1894.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage.

British, Foreign,

.....

Junk in Foreign

Trade,....

6,128 7,732,195 6.022 7,778,396 2,630 2,803,664| 2,430| 2,690,786 47,197 3,488.007 45,861|| 3,182,124

46,201

106

200 112,878

1,336 5,883

Total,

55,955|14,023,866 54,313 13,951,306

Junks in Local Trade,.......

9,886 325,256 8,478 297,364

1,408 27,892

Grand Total....65,841 | 14,349,122 62,791 | 14,248,670

46,201 3,050 | 146,653

NET......

3,050 100,452

4. The 1,646 British ships, exclusive of river steamers, that entered the port in 1894, carried 11,402 British officers and 197 foreigners as follows:-

British, American,

Austrians,

Danes,

Germans,

Portuguese, Swedes,

.11,402

11,599

100 of the British officers belonged to the Royal Naval Reserve 14 of them being engineers.

The 1,214 foreign ships, exclusive of river steamers, that entered in 1894, carried 856 British officers:-

In American ships,..

Chinese German Japanese

5.9

..552

,256

856

5. The number of European constructed vessels, exclusive of river steamers, that entered the port during the year is shown in the following tables, distinction being drawn between (i) those that entered eight times and less, or on an average at intervals of six weeks; (ii) those that entered from nine to twelve times, i.e., on an average once a month, and (iii) those that entered thirteen times and oftener, or more frequently than once a month.

The second table divides the steamers into nationalities, and gives the numbers of ships and num- bers of entries for each.

EIGHT TIMES AND UNDER.

THIRTEEN TIMES

NINE TO TWELVE.

TOTAL.

AND OVER.

FLAG.

Ships.

No. of times

enter- ed.

Steam

Total Ships. Tonnage.

No. of times Sailing

No. of times

enter- ed.

Total Tonnage.

Ships.

enter- Ed.,

Steam Total Ships. Tonnage.

No. of times enter- ed.

¡No. of

Steam

Steam Total Tonnage.

times

and Sail

Ships.

British.

211 734 1,264,777

American,

44,723

32 40 48.004 25

258 310,773

614

629,096

enter-

Total

ed. Tonnage.

2961,646 | 2,252,710

35 45,202

55 89,925

Austrian,

57,223

Chinese,

37,917

9 8,442 2

Danish,

1,788

595

73,788 $2,506

22 57,223 16 106 120,147

102

41,889

Dutch,

19.295

:..

19,295

French,

60 112,139

40,645

115

152,784

German,

47 187 281,200

Italian,

19,238

3,295 1,578

77,603

352

311,882

639

£73,980

20,816

Japanese,

76,735

Norwegian,

20,578

1,848

11 22,154 2

33,783

78,363

Nicaraguan,

673

Russian,

2.785

Siamese,

656

2,785

656

Spanish, Hawaiian,

2,448

2,505

2,518

2,505

Total.......

3351,181 1,940,846 79

93 | 104,486

373 418,972 511,213 1,131,700

501 2,860 3,596,004

NO. OF ENTRIES.

ARRIVALS-STEAMERS, 1894.

239

TOTAL.

British.

American.

Austrian.

Chinese.

Danish.

Dutch.

French.

German.

Italian.

Japanese.

Norwegian.

Russian.

Spanish.

Ships.

Entries.

One,

Two,

Three,

pred 2N

773

748

Four,

Five,

Six,

Seven,

271

- Cot

Eight,

Nine,.. Ten,

Eleven,

Twelve,

Thirteen,

Fourteen,

Fifteen,..

Sixteen,

}

Seventeen,

Eighteen,

Nineteen,

Twenty,

Twenty-one,..

Twenty-two,

Twenty-three,

Twenty-four,

Twenty-five,

Twenty-six,...

Twenty-seven,

Twenty-eight,

Twenty-nine,

Thirty,

Thirty-one,

Thirty-two,

Thirty-five,

Thirty-six,

...

'Thirty-seven, Forty-two,

112

47 141

212

195

174

112

160

117

176

108

105

264

→

6 13 73 3 18

425 2,767

6. In European constructed vessels the general import trade from places other than China and adjacent countries was as follows:-

Vessels with cargo.

Vessels in bullast. Cargo discharged.

Cargo transit.

Tons

British, Foreign,

1,108,500

3,859

987.047

578,259

522,100

6,817

452,667

227,285

Total,

.....1,630,600

10,676

1,439,714

805,544

from places in and adjacent to China the imports were---

Vessels with cargo.

Vessels in ballast. Cargo discharged.

Cargo transit.

Tons

British,............................. Foreign,

2,671,713

105,780

813,573

361,310

736,345

78,032

492,998

302,990

Total, .....3,408,058

183,812

1,306,571

664,300

240

The general export trade was as follows, to places other than China and adjacent countries: —

Bunker Coal.

Vessels with cargo. Vessels in ballast.

Cargo shipped.

Tons

British, Foreign,

681,378

99,445

528,172

51,675

339,879

77,243

271,102

39,502

Total.

.1,021,257

176,688

799,274

91,177

To places in and adjacent to China the exports were-

Vessels with cargo.

Tons

Vessels in ballast.

Cargo shipped.

Bunker Coal.

Tons

British,

.2,934,937

172,784

474,962

162,842

Foreign,

784,673

145,697

324,352

99,436

Total, ......3,719,610

318,481

799,314

262,278

Comparing tonnage of the above with 1893, we get as follows:---

Import tonnage.

Increase.

From places other than China, &c.,.. From China and adjacent countries,

Total Decrease,.............

Decrease.

•

10,014

23,189

33,203

Export tonnage.

To places other than China, &c.,

To China and adjacent places,

Increase.

Decrease.

100,490

67,016

Nett Decrease,.

33,474

JUNKS.

7. Compared with the average of the past three years, the foreign junk trade shows an increase of 167,724 tons and a decrease of 69 vessels, the increased size of all the newer craft has already been noted. The local trade for the same period has decreased 187,774 tons with 4,966 vessels.

8. The foreign junk trade for 1894 shows a decrease from the previous year of 1,336 vessels and 5,883 tons, doubtless more or less directly due to the Plague.

9. The decrease in the local trade for 1894 below 1893, of 1,408 vessels with 27,892 tons, is the result also of the Plague, and partly of the decrease in work on the Praya Reclamation.

•

TRADE.

10. 4,132 steamers, 93 sailing vessels and 23,023 junks arrived during the year, giving a daily average of 75 vessels arriving as against 90 the previous year. For European constructed vessels the average daily entries would be 11.57 as against in 1893, 11.97. Of the steamers 71.9% were British, and 33 were River craft, all of which latter were also British.

11. The trade of the Colony in 1894 was influenced by two special and memorable events, viz., the Plague and the War.

It is difficult, if not impossible, yet to apportion the respective "spheres of influence" of these two events, for some time they ran concurrently, though perhaps with contrary results. There can, however, be no doubt as to which influence made itself most felt.

The port was proclaimed infected with bubonic plague on 10th May, and the shipping returns for that quarter showed a decrease in arrivals of 51 European vessels and 251 junks. It was not, however, until later that the full effect on shipping was made apparent, and the September quarter showed an additional falling off of 375 European vessels and 1,824 junks. During this quarter both influences were at work, and, until the 12th September, our shipping trade remained under a ban. With the raising of the " quarantine blockade," however, things began to improve, and at the end of December we had reduced our deficit in arrivals for the year to 306 European vessels and 1,336 junks.

241

12. The river steamers, during the second half of the year, show a decrease of 27 entries aggregating 10,036 tons, owing in a great measure to the restriction on this branch of trade unavoidably made by the method adopted of examining all vessels, as far as practicable, arriving from the Canton River and its neighbourhood.

These river steamers, on the other hand, had the benefit of the general exodus of Chinese from Hongkong and their subsequent return, and though the passenger returns were not so good as in the previous year, they yet reached the very respectable total of 941,958 carried. Some of these vessels also minimised their losses by a special mode of retrenchment, as remarkable for its ingenuity as for the small result attained. The "night boats" (which are the only ones which pay light dues and that at very reduced rate) finding that they would not be permitted to enter the harbour until the passengers had been medically inspected, remained in Chinese waters until daylight absolved them by law from paying their small contribution to the revenue of the Colony, the saving thus effected aggregated $1,204.44. The report would not be complete without my mentioning that there was one "night boat" which did not adopt this plan and she was the Chinese owned Tai On.

13. The following tables illustrate the result of the combined influences at work during the year:-

ARRIVALS, 1894.

1ST QUARTER.

2ND QUARTER.

3RD QUARTER.

4TH QUARTER.

FLAG.

No.

Tonnage.

No.

Tonnage.

No.

Tonnage.

No.

Tonnage.

British,

449

598,605

419

589,163

343

475,795

395

540,088

American,

10,484

12,531

11,073

10,635

Austrian,.

15,653

15,154

10,716

15,600

Chinese,

55,797

50,874

12,711

765

Danish,

9,770

11,462

10,366

12,696

Dutch,

6,118

7,496.

1,490

4,191

French,

40,123

37,925

34,525

German,

155

164,100

165

173,884

136

148,372

178

Italian,

5,830

4,414

4,497

Japanese,

39,796

16.

25,799

11,140

Norwegian,

20,599

20,709

15,370

Russian,

2,785

Spanish,

...

1,376

༧::ས

40,211 184,329 4,497

19,837

1,172

Total,..

785

969,660

739

950,787

573

736,055

671

834,016

STEAMERS

1ST QUARTER, 1893. 1ST QUARTER, 1894.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

FLAG.

No. Tonnage. No.

Tonnage.

No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.

British,

402

536,801

449

598,605

61,804

American,

7,355

10,484

Austrian,..

8,968

15,653

Chinese,

51,209

55,797

120

3,129

6,685

4,588

...

Danish,

11,745

9,770

1,975

Dutch,

3,731

6,118

2,387

French,

30,445

40,123

9,678

German,

161

161,858

155

164,100

2,242

Italian,

4,497

5,830

Japanese,

15,508

39,796

1,333 24,288

Norwegian,

21,432

20,599

833

Russian,

2,785

Spanish,

...

1,962

Total,.......

691

855,511

785

969,660

106

118,919

4,770

It will be seen from the second of these tables that 1894 opened very favourably, the first quarter showing a nett increase of 94 vessels of 114,149 tons, and thus that, at one time, there might have been expected an increase over last year of three quarters of a million of tons in European constructed vessels, which would almost certainly have brought in its train a corresponding increase in the junk trade. Unfortunately, from causes already referred to, this expectation was not realized.

242

Trade of the Port of Hongkong for the Year ending 31st December, 1894 :—

British,...

TONS.

No. of ships.

Dis- charged.

Shipped. In Transit.

Bunker Coal Shipped.

Total.

Registered Tonnage.

PASSENGERS

CARRIED.

Foreign,

River Steamers (British),.

Total,..

3,293 1,679,945 * 909,356 2,430 945,665 595,454 2,729 120,675 93,778

939,569 194,313

3,723,183 4,503,069

248,880

530,275

138,938 20,201

2,210,332 | 2,690,786

93,868

234,657 3,275,327 | 1,041,958

8,452

Junks in Foreign Trade,

Junks in Local Trade,

45,861

2,746,285 | 1,598,588 | 1,469,844

437,307818,911

220,948

Total,..

54,313

8,478

3,183,592 2,417,499 | 1,469,844

90,964 9,597

Grand Total,..

62,791 3,274,556 | 2,427,096 | 1,469,844

7,495 tons Kerosine, 2,900 tons Rice.

†

353,455 6,168,172 10,469,182 | 1,384,706

1,256,218 3,482,124

353,455 7,424,390 13,951,306 1,605,654 100,561 297,364 10,893

353,455 7,524,951 14,248,670 | 1,616,547

9,248 tons Kerosine, 1,800 tons Rice, 135 tons Gunpowder, 1,000 Rifles, 1,000 Bayonets, and 2,000,000 Cartridges. 19,941 tons Kerosine.

14. Following up the attempt which was made in my last report to gauge the trade of the Colony by means of Import and Export Returns, I am enabled by means of somewhat elaborate statistics, compiled by the Assistant Harbour Master, to give more complete returns for 1894. As before stated these do not profess absolute correctness, and they are obtained through the courtesy of the agents and

masters.

In Returns Nos. I and II, and V and VI will be found, in addition to the customary information as to registered tonnage, &c., the amount of cargo reported as "shipped," "discharged," and "in transit" to and from each country with which trade relations exist, and I hope that the information will be valued in proportion to the amount of time and trouble expended in its compilation.

During the year, 8,452 European constructed vessels aggregating 10,469,182 tons, carried 1,384,706 passengers, and 6,168,172 tons, the latter made up as follows:-

Import cargo,

Export Transit

Bunker coal shipped,

Steamers,

Sailing vessels,

Total,

.2,746,285 tons.

1,598,588 .1,469,844

IMPORTS (EXCLUDING RIVER TRADE).

353,455

6,168,172

..2,767 measuring 3,491,518 tons.

Total,......2,860

104,486

3,596,004

imported 2,625,610 tons made up as follows:-

Beans,

Bones,

Coals,

Copra, Flour,

.....

3,995 2,040 562,909

60,250 100,367

Kerosine,

Oil, Opium,

3,804

2,825

Rattan,

625

Rice,

619,075

Saltpetre,

Sandalwood,

1,625

Sapanwood,

1,300

Sugar,

170,499

Tea,.. Timber,

350

16,040

Vermecilli,

170

1,545,934

General,

1,079,676

2,625,610

Transit,

...1,469,844

Total.

4,095,454

Compared with last year this gives 132 ships less, measuring 61,073 tons carrying 42,280 tons more,

EXPORTS (EXCLUDING RIVER TRADE).

..............2,769 measuring 3,494,360 tons.

Steamers,.. Sailing vessels,

•

104,491

Total,.... ...2,863

3,598,851

243

exported 1,504,810 tons of cargo amongst which were 16,743 tons of kerosine and 2,583 tons of opium. These 2,769 steamers shipped also 333,251 tons of bunker coal. Compared with last year, this gives 137 ships less, measuring 64,825 less carrying 19,655 tons more, and shipping 53,350 tons less of bunker coal.

Junks exported an excess of From this must be deducted Majesty's ships and foreign

European vessels imported 1,147,697 tons in excess of exports. 381,604 tons, thus the total excess of imports is reduced to 766,093 tons. 353,455 tons of bunker coal shipped-exclusive of that supplied to Her men-of-war---leaving a balance of 412,638 tons consumed, manufactured, and in stock in the Colony or unaccounted for.

15. 2,729 river steamers, measuring 3,275,327 tons, imported 120,675 tons of cargo, exported 93,778 tons, shipped 20,204 tons of bunker coal, and conveyed 1,041,958, passengers, i. e., imported less than last year 21,291 tons, exported 34,709 tons less, and carried fewer passengers by 135,673.

16. Junks in local trade discharged, in various parts of the Colony, 90,964 tons, of which 85,443 were earth and stones, clearing from Victoria with 9,597 tons of general cargo, of which 987 tons were earth and stones.

17.

PASSENGER Traffic, 1894.

British vessels arriving carried

130,767

departing (excluding Chinese passenger ships) carried 96 Chinese passenger ships carried..........

80,891

37,222

248,880

Foreign vessels arriving carried

51,544

departing (excluding Chinese passenger ships) carried 34 Chinese passenger ships carried

30,523

11,801

93,868

River steamers arriving carried

416,176

departing

525,782

941,958

Macao launches arriving carried

departing

12.524

13,126

25,650

Launches other places arriving carried

198,229

departing

203,885

402,114

Junks in foreign trade arriving carried

108,387

departing

112,561

220,948

Total arrivals,

917,627

departures,

966,768

1,884,395

وو

emigrants,

49,023

1,933,418

244

Junks in local trade arriving carried

دو

departing

6,064

4,829

10,893

Launches in waters of Colony arriving carried

1,969,307

...

departing

.1,930,597

3,899,904

Total local arrivals,

departures

...1,975,371 ...........1,935,426

3,910,797

Grand total arrivals,

departures including emigrants,

.2,892,998

2,951,217

5,844,215

Difference,

58,219

REVENUE.

18. The total revenue collected by the Harbour Department during the year was $195,175.62, a decrease of $645.40 on the previous year. Compared with the average of the last five years it shows an increase of $39,086.44. The details are as follows:-

i. Light Dues, ....

ii. Licences and Internal Revenue,

iii. Fees of Court and Office,............

.$ 92,909.31

29,418.30

72,848.01

$195,175.62

STEAM LAUNCHES.

19. On the 31st December, there were 131 steam launches employed in the harbour, of these 60 were licensed for the conveyance of passengers, 55 were privately owned, 11 were the property of the Colonial Government, also a floating fire engine, and 5 belonged to the Imperial Government in charge of the military authorities.

All these launches, except those which belonged to Her Majesty or any Foreign Government, are required to have a certificated master and engineer whose certificates are liable to suspension or cancel- lation should they prove negligent or incompetent. During the year one master was reprimanded and cautioned. The generally seamanlike manner in which these launches are handled deserves a word of commendation. I regret to say they don't always observe the "rule of the road"; but this very fact, taken together with their absence from accident, to a great extent points towards good judgment, and "results" are, after all, not an unfair criterion.

EMIGRATION.

20. There has been, as might be expected, a great falling off in emigration. For the three months June, July and August, emigration was practically stayed; the last three months of the year, however, made some amends, and finally the numbers amounted to 49,023 as against 82,336 in 1893, a decrease of 33,313; but it was not much under 1892, and it was better than the three years immediately preceding that one.

During the year, 451 ships reported having brought to Hongkong 96,095 Chinese passengers from various places to which they had emigrated.

245

REGISTRY OF SHIPPING.

21. During the year 6 vessels, of 1,742 tons, were registered under the provisions of The Merchant Shipping Act, 1854, and 8 Certificates of Registry, with a total of 2,661 tons, were cancelled. Return No. XVIII shows the remainder of the work done in this branch.

MARINE MAGISTRATE'S COURT.

22. 15 cases were heard in this Court with 47 defendants. Refusal of duty (9) were the principal offences in the case of ships. Breach of harbour regulations (2) in the case of junks.

EXAMINATIONS FOR THE POSTS OF MASTERS, MATES AND ENGINEERS, UNDER

SECTION 15 OF ORDINANCE No. 26 or 1891.

23. The following table shows the number of candidates examined for certificates of competency distinguishing those who were successful and those who failed:-

NATIONALITY.

British,

British Indian,

American,

German,

Nova Scotian,

Swede,

British,

River Str.,

For Steamships,

Master.

Grade.

Passed.

GRAND TOTAL,

DECK OFFICERS.

Failed.

Total.

1111111

10 8 18

...

First Mate.

Only Mate.

►

Second Mate.

8 1

•

...

ENGINEERS.

Total.

Grade.

Passed.

Failed.

Total.

Grade.

Passed.

Failed.

First Class Engineer.

Total.

GRAND TOTAL

26 11 37 86

ત

•

Second Class Engineer.

دارم

£ 13

10 1 11

28 12 4098

TOTAL DECK OFFICERS,..

.44

TOTAL ENGINEERS,.........54

MARINE COURTS, UNDER SECTION 13 OF ORDINANCE No. 26 of 1891.

24. The following Courts have been held during the year:-

i. On the 19th February, inquiry as to the collision between the British steamship Hangchow, Official No. 91,878 of London, and an unknown vessel on the night of the 7th February off Breaker Point. The Master's (CHARLES JAMES DERBY) certificate of competency was returned to him.

ii. On the 7th December, inquiry as to the grounding of the British steamship Zafiro, Official No. 88,829 of Hongkong, off Mount Bremer near Quarry Bay, Hongkong, on the 14th November. The Master's (ALEXANDER WILLIAM ROSS COBBAN) certificate of competency was returned to him.

SUNDAY CARGO-WORKING ORDINANCE, 1891.

25. During the year, 110 "permits" were issued, 20 were not availed of, owing to its being found unnecessary for the ship to work cargo on the Sunday, and the fee paid for the "permit" was refunded in each of these cases.

30 "permits" were granted free of charge, in accordance with the instructions received that certain mail steamers, not having Hongkong as a terminal port, should be exempt from payment of the fee.

26. The question of "bunker coal" was once more to the front. We have now on record the opinion of two Police Magistrates that "bunker coal" is not "cargo." The legislature, however, remains silent on the point.

246

27. Another, and rather novel, experience was gained during the year in connection with these Sunday permits. A "compradore order," having been tendered and accepted in payment of the fee, was on presentation by the Bank to the drawers refused acceptance, and the reason given was "First already paid." The order was afterwards passed on to the Crown Solicitor, and, I believe, with satis- factory results.

Compradore orders," however, are not now received in payment of these fccs.

28. The amount collected in fees during the year was $13,375, nearly double what it was in 1893. The intention of the Ordinance was, I believe, to put a stop, or nearly so, to Sunday work on board European vessels in the harbour, and the fee originally fixed was thought to be a prohibitive one. It is evident that it is not so, however, and, if I am correct in my surmise as to the intention of the Ordinance, I think the fee should be doubled.

SEAMEN.

29. 14,670 seamen were shipped and 15,835 discharged at the Shipping Office and on board ships during the year.

30. 239 distressed seamen were received during the year; of these 78 were sent to the United Kingdom, 1 to Sydney, 2 to San Francisco, 5 to Bombay, 7 to Calcutta, 4 to Singapore, 4 died and 131 obtained employment, and 7 remained at the Government Civil Hospital on the 31st December, 1894. $6,798.00 were expended by the Board of Trade in the relief of these men.

MARINE SURVEYOR'S SUB-DEPARTMENT.

31. Return No. XXIII shows the work performed in this branch of the Harbour Department, and in forwarding this, I desire to record my appreciation of the manner in which the work of this sub- department is carried out.

32. It is necessary that I should explain with reference to this return, that although the number of vessels surveyed during 1894 was less than in some previous years, the tonnage and horse power repre- sented by these vessels exceeded any former records.

33. I would further like to reproduce in this report extracts from a report made by me on the subject of the Government Marine Surveyors in a letter dated 14th June, 1892.

***

"The duties of these surveyors, I am convinced, are very onerous, the inspection of boilers and engines, especially during the hot weather, being most trying.

"The conditions also under which these surveys are held at Hongkong are peculiar; owing to the "short time that vessels as a rule remain in port. In order to save time, applications for survey are constantly received before the vessel's arrival, and it frequently happens that the completion of the 66 survey is the final act before she again leaves. They cannot even afford to wait for their passenger "certificates, clearances being frequently granted them by me on receipt of a report from the surveyor "that the requirements of the law have been complied with.

"It is, therefore, most important that the work of surveying vessels should be carried on as expe- ditiously as possible, and the importance of these surveys renders it imperative that the examination "should be thorough; in order to insure these conditions it is necessary that there should be an adequate and efficient staff. It will be seen from the report of Mr. Dixon attached hereto that the survey of a "vessel for passenger certificate occupies himself and his assistant 8 hours, spread over a number of "visits, about four. The time consumed. however, on this work is often considerably in excess of this 8 "hours, as the ships may be anywhere between the Hunghom Docks and Aberdeen. Other surveys "though not occupying so much time, in each case, are made under somewhat similar circumstances.

"There are four local Marine Surveyors carrying on business in Hongkong; in addition to these, "some of the steamship companies employ special surveyors for their vessels. The Government Marine Surveyors practically do a very large proportion of the amalgamated work of all these, having at the "same time to so arrange that if possible there should be no delay or inconvenience to any one. No easy matter in a place where, as may be expected, each owner or agent considers his own interest as paramount."

common.

These opinions expressed by me in 1892 I have to reiterate in 1895; the work of the Government Marine Surveyors goes on increasing, and "overtime" and Sunday work are becoming more and more

In 1890 the gross tonnage surveyed amounted to 168,098, in 1894 it was 204,623 tons. Statistics issued by the Board of Trade show that, at Liverpool, during the eleven months January- November, 1894, there were 423 vessels surveyed for passenger certificate, with an approximate gross tonnage of 1,015,200 and indicated horse power of about 846,000. In the performance of this work I am informed there are no less than eleven engineer and shipwright surveyors employed.

During the same period at Cardiff the numbers were 160, the gross tonnage surveyed for passenger certificate was about 320,000 tons, and the horse power 140,000. At this port there are 6 surveyors.

247

At Hongkong for the same period, the number of vessels for survey was 112, with a gross tonnage of 201,600 tons, and indicated horse power of 140,000. For this work we have one surveyor and one assistant surveyor.

Thus at Liverpool there are about 40 vessels of 92,000 tons per surveyor, at Cardiff 27 vessels of 53,000 tons, while at Hongkong, with all its disadvantages of climate, &c., we have 56 vessels of over 100,000 tons to each surveyor.

A consideration of these facts can, I think, only lead to an improvement in the pay of our Surveyors or an increase in the staff.

LIGHTHOUSES.

34. The amount of dues collected was as follows:-

Total

Class of Vessels.

Rate per ton.

No. of ships.

Tonnage.

fees collected.

$ C.

Ocean vessels paying full dues,

Launches paying full dues,

2 cents. 2,865 3,572,535 89,313.46

do.

64 1,805 45.07

River Steamers (Night Boats),

cent. 551

525,647 3,506.19

Launches plying exclusively to Macao,.

do.

132

6,622 44.29

River Steamers (Day Boats),

Free.

814 1,111,495

Launches plying to Macao by day,

do.

562 27,178

4,988 5,245,28292,909.81

35. Under this heading I desire to make a few remarks, the gist of which have already been put forward by me in previous reports.

The subject of the tax on shipping is one that, I think, deserves attention. In my opinion the pre- sent tax of "light dues" is an "ill-conditioned" one, and an even larger amount of revenue than at present could be collected on a more equitable basis.

The principle advocated by me presents itself more and more forcibly as exchange gets lower and lower, and it means the amelioration of "local traders."

At present all European vessels, excepting river steamers, pay a tax of 25 cents a ton, which tax is called "light dues." The revenue derived from this tax is one of the important items of the income of the Colony. It is larger than its name implies, and, "extraordinary works" excepted, it is consider- ably in excess of what is required for the maintenance of the lighthouses for which the Colony is responsible.

A larger revenue, for general purposes, might be raised, and, at the same time, a, to my mind, more equitable tax levied, by the substitution of a periodical payment, based, as light dues are, on "tonnage," but on an entirely different principle.

At the present time the local traders, whose carnings are in local currency, whose shares are held locally, and most of whom purchase their stores and supplies in the Colony, are on the same currency footing as the "trunk liners" some of whom lie here for lengthened periods paying "per entry" the same as the local traders, while the bulk of their earnings are in gold, their stores purchased in Europe or America, and probably most important consideration of all, whose owners or shareholders are not concerned with the prosperity of the trade of Hongkong beyond the extent to which for the time being it offers them a remunerative field as carriers.

"Comparisons are odious," but for purposes of illustration are nevertheless at times necessary. I hope, therefore, I will be excused for making use of them in the present case.

A P. & O. mail steamer enters this port and pays 24 cents a ton for that one entry, she proceeds to Shanghai and pays 66 cents a ton, this would clear her for 4 months in all Chinese treaty poits, but, as she does not go to these, it practically amounts to her entry at Shanghai, and she can only return once during the 4 months for which the "chop" holds good.

248

A Canadian Pacific Railway steamer enters Shanghai, pays 66 cents a ton for a few hours, and proceeding to Hongkong, lies here three weeks at a cost of 2 cents a tou. The entry at Shanghai on the return voyage reduces the cost of the "Grand Chop" to 33 cents, but only by making 2 complete trips in 4 months can she reduce her payment to China to about 30 per cent. more than for these trips she has paid in this British port.

So much for the "trunk liners."

On the other hand, a "Douglas" or "Indo-China" steaner enters, pays the same 2 cents a ton, remains here for 12 or 24 hours, and, returning again in three days from Canton or the Coast, has to again pay light dues.

A quarterly or half-yearly port tax, seems, therefore, to be the fairest. Vessels could then go in and out continually, availing themselves of the lights, or lie in harbour occupying space, as may seem best for the peculiar circumstances of each branch of trade. But, of course, that tax could not remain at 24

cents a ton.

Then again as to the present dues paid by river steamers. Twenty years ago or thereabouts when light dues were first imposed on European shipping, (junks had contributed to the revenue for 8 years previous to this), these river steamers were given exceptional rates in order to foster a particular trade. That trade has now arrived at a position quite capable of paying a fair share of the expenses of a Govern- ment under the aegis of which it was created.

At the present rate of light dues these vessels, under the special privilege of paying only one-third of the fixed rate, and that only for those of them which arrive at night, (all the other being free of the port,) paid last year $3,506 for a total tonnage arriving, amounting to considerably over a million and a half of tons, or at the rate of less than of a cent per ton, and side by side with this they have been paying, if my information is correct, about $17,000 at Canton for the same period.

They thus contribute to the Chinese revenue about 5 times more than to the revenue of the Colony whose flag they fly and the protection of whose laws they crave.

I am not advocating the cause of the Chinese methods of obtaining revenue, I merely wish to illustrate to those, who are accustomed to hear a sort of "commination service" read, having the

freedom of the port" for its theme, how very mild our methods are in Hongkong.

36. The lighthouses were maintained as usual during the year. The new lenses for Gap Rock, to replace those injured by the typhoon in October 1893, arrived from England and the light was restored to its original condition of efficiency in May.

37. Telegraphic and telephonic communication, with some few breaks, has also been kept up with the Gap Rock and Cape D'Aguilar during the year. From the former station, 373 vessels have been reported as passing, and in addition 233 messages were received and 1,915 sent, including the daily weather report for the Observatory.

From Cape D'Aguilar 983 vessels were reported, and in addition 31 messages were sent and 106 received.

38. The means of communication with Gap Rock are not, in my opinion, satisfactory. In 1893 severe damage was sustained by the Light and buildings, and the keepers were in a position of no little danger. Telegraphic communication being broken by the typhoon, information of the state of things only reached Hongkong through the courtesy of the captain of the P. & O. steamer Clyde, who, in answer to a signal, sent a boat to communicate with the Rock. With considerable difficulty the immediate wants of the keepers were relieved the following day.

Now, the station is in more or less danger from every typhoon which affects Hongkong, and we ought to be in the best possible position to satisfy ourselves as to their condition at any time during a typhoon, and to send succour to them if necessary immediately the weather permits. Such a position we are not in at the present time, the more severe the typhoon and thus the greater the danger to the keepers, the more likelihood is there that the telegraphic communication will be interrupted, and, with that condition of things, the people may be in the greatest peril without our knowledge, and if, as happened on one occasion, the Fame could not be spared by the Dock Company until 24 hours after the weather had moderated, the knowledge might eventually come too late.

The Light has been established at considerable expense, no reasonable expenditure should be grudged to ensure its efficiency and the safety of those in whose charge it is.

The station was not damaged to a great extent by the typhoons of 1894, though in the one of 4th to 5th October the sea was washing up to the buildings, the derrick was carried away, and other minor damage was sustained.

GOVERNMENT GUNPOWDER DEPOT.

249

39. During the year 1894 there has been stored in the Government Magazine Stone Cutters' Island:-

No. of Cases, &c.

Approximate Weight.

Gunpowder, privately owned, ....

18,920

lbs. 519,983

Do., Government owned,................

Cartridges, privately owned,.....

3,673

492,912

Do., Government owned,

Explosive Compounds, privately owned,....

5,958

5,098

320,380

Do.,

Government owned,

1,759

Total,......

On the 31st December, 1894, there remained as under:--

27,791

1,340,992

No. of Cases.

Approximate Weight.

Gunpowder, privately owned,

6,563

lbs. 164,868

Do., Government owned,............

Cartridges, privately owned,...

2,866

377,931

Do., Government owned,

1,208

Explosive Compounds, privately owned,

2,115

95,468

Do.,

Government owned,

1,120

Total,...

GENERAL.

11,595

640,595

40. There has been no change in the staff of the Harbour Department during the year under review. The first Boarding Officer and the Principal Lightkeeper have been granted leave of absence to England.

The Assistant Harbour Master has continued to perform the duties of the Second Magistrate, an arrangement which when assented to by me was thought would be merely temporary but which has now lasted for nearly 3 years. The arrangement is unsatisfactory. Captain HASTINGS by working out of hours is able to perform those duties which are independent of the Harbour Master, such as the compila tion of statistical records, the arrangement of the buoys in the harbour (nearly all of which were relaid last year) and so on; but, as he is generally absent from the Harbour Ofice for half of the usual office hours, he is unable to take up the general management of the details of the Department, which I take to be the meaning of the words "to assist the Harbour Master in the performance of his various duties,' and which is the first of the Assistant Harbour Master's duties as laid down.

Opinions have from time to time been expressed as to the abolition of the post of Assistant Harbour Master, and at times even those who have not sufficient knowledge of the subject to entitle their opinion to serious consideration, have nevertheless not refrained from expressing it.

Whatever opinion, however, may be held on that point one thing I think is certain, namely, that an Assistant Harbour Master who is not in a position to fully assist in duties connected with the Harbour Department, is an anomaly, and places the Harbour Master in a false position.

The following opinion expressed by me to the Retrenchment Commission appears in their report. As these opinions are sometimes lost sight of, and as I hold this one strongly still, it may I think well find a place of record in this annual report.

"I consider that with much advantage both to the public and the Government service the Water "Police might be made a branch of the Harbour Department and the Harbour Master appointed Super- "intendent and the Assistant Harbour Master Deputy Superintendent and practical head thereof.

250

"The duties of the Water Police are primarily the proper discipline of the Harbour and the vessels "therein and the prevention of disorder and confusion; this embraces such matters as (i) regulation "of fairways; (ii) supervision of passenger traffic; (iii) overloading; (iv) shipment, transhipment and "discharge of dangerous goods; (v) illegal boarding of vessels; (vi) improperly crowding ships or buoys "and all the other offences in the waters of the Colony' embraced in section 28 of the Merchant Shipping "Ordinance.

"All these duties connected with offences against the Ordinance are within the purview of the "Harbour Department, but that Department has no executive authority in most cases and no machinery "to enforce the provisions of the Ordinance which it is specially designed to carry out, viz., the control "and management of the waters of the Colony and the regulation of vessels navigating the same.

When breaches occur which this Department desires to take action on, applications have to be made through the heads of the departments concerned. Delay ensues on such communications, two sets of "orders have to be given, and in nine cases out of ten the opportunity has passed before action can be taken, and the public only knows of the laches and condemns, being ignorant of the well-meant but "cumbrous efforts made by the two Government Departments concerned.

"That is one argument in favour of placing the Water Police under the Harbour Master. A second "and perhaps more cogent one is that the advisability of placing a body of men under an officer who "is practically familiar with the duties which his subordinates have to perform must be the best method "of obtaining the most favourable results.

and it is only reasonable to suppose that the Harbour Master, a specially qualified man constantly "requiring the Water Police to assist him in the due discharge of his duties and who has an assistant "in daily personal and active intercourse with the shipping and craft amongst which the Water Police "have to do duty, would be the most fitting head for that force."

The Committee in their report stated, with reference to my suggestion-" We beg to state that we "have no hesitation in recording our decisions that no change should be made in the existing system" (Police); yet not one word of explanation was asked of me, nor one question on the subject put to either myself or the Assistant Harbour Master when our evidence was taken, while a reference to the published evidence of the Captain Superintendent of Police and the Deputy Superintendent, will show that a considerable number of questions, some of which, I think, might be almost termed "leading" were put to these officers, with the apparent object of proving how puerile and unsupportable my suggestion was. To my mind, the answers to these, however, only showed how frail was the argument advanced against my suggestion, the real meaning of which, apparently, both the Retrenchment Commission and the Police officers entirely failed to grasp. And, it may be observed, the evidences of myself and of Captain HASTINGS were taken more than 2 months after the Captain Superintendent had given his views on my proposal.

There is, in my opinion, necessity for continuing the post of Assistant Harbour Master, and I am further of opinion that, by placing the Harbour Police under the control of the Harbour Master and making the Assistant Harbour Master their practical Head, efficiency would be increased, anomalies removed, and, very probably, economy effected.

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS (OPIUM) OFFICE.

41. The Return shows that during the year the amount of Opium reported was as follows:-

Decrease.

1893.

1894.

Increase.

Imported,

..39,098

41,578

2,479 1/2

***

Exported,

.43,5491

38,978

4,571

but not landed,..............

Through cargo reported } 16,6081⁄2

22,986

6,377

...

19,156 permits were issued from this Office, being a decrease of 2,582 as compared with 1893.

A daily memo. of exports to Chinese ports was during the year supplied to the Commissioner of Imperial Maritime Customs at Kowloon.

Surprise visits were paid to 95 godowns during the year.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

R. MURRAY RUMSEY, Retd. Comd., R.N.,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

&c.,

Acting Colonial Secretary,

&c.,

&c.

Harbour Master, &c.

WITH CARGOES.

I.-NUMBER, Tonnage, Crew

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST.

COUNTRIES WHENCE ARRIVED.

Cargoes.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

Australia and New Zealand,

British Columnbia,...........

British North Borneo,.........

Coast of China and Formosa................................................................................................

Cochin-China,

Continent of Europe,

Great Britain,

India and Singapore,

29,805 47,249 2,126| 42,042 2,939| 23,646 821 14,230 13,343 1,637 1,984,492 71,302 230,150 341,121) 4,980 79 106,513 3,129 188,200 21 46,996 901 37,612 49,112 144 275,110 7,305 156,439 288,597| 120 186,348 9,445 123,852

24,795

47,249

42.042

13.399

96 105,724 3,763 1,733|2,090,216| 7

79 106,513

46,996

144 275,110

71,820

120 186,348

Sandwich Islands,......

Siam,

United States of America,

Japan,

Java and other Islands in the Indian Archipelago,

Macao,

Mauritius,

North Pacific,

Philippine Islands,

Ports in Hainan and Gulf of Tonquin,

South America.............

202 332,106 10,440 378 483) 119,950;

42 64.543 1,885 311 331,423 16,219]

113,919 29,433

144

2.778 1,081

204 334,884 1

65,624

311 331,423 1

...

132 127,675,742 219,100|

...

69,264 3,454, 39,005)

63,250

1 200

787

9821

69,210 500

12,069

1,900

960

450

53 112,164 4,041 122,341

23,985

53 112,164

TOTAL,....

2,911 3,780,213 140,545|1,800,620) 939,569

100 109,639 3,900 3,0113,889,852 14

69,264

39,005

982

132 127,673

960

II.-NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS

WITH CARGOES.

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL

COUNTRIES TO WHICH DEPARTED.

Shipped.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

Vessels.

Tons. [Crews.

Cargoes.

Bun Co:

Australia & New Zealand,

29,109 1,808

25,500

1,231

1,653

British Columbia..

948

19 1,000

British North Borneo,

Cape of Good Hope,

11,550 804

1,486

2,560

2,850

1,452

450

Coast of China & Formosa,...

Great Britain,

Cochin-China,

Continent of Europe,

India and Singapore,

1,982 2,461,818 91,263 367

12,330

1.000 392,552 111,088

7,085

17 1

30,762 1,841

25,500 1.

948

1,000

13.002

848

2 560

1,486

1.000

1,760

60,113 2,321) 61,086 1,624)

12,017 9,089

2,035 2,521,981 93,584

392.552 123,

73,416 1,991

7,085

10.

Japan,

48 104,769 5,714| 42,150 164 283,420 8,987 216.903 132 227,572 8,369 187,135|

8,975

...

48 104,769 5,714]

42,150 3.

28.701

10,163

8,586 202 85,514 1,903

1,550

2,845

170 292,006 9,189 216.903 186 313,086 10,272] 187,135

30.

13,

Java and other Islands in the

Indian Archipelago,

Macao,

480 15,735 9 324 355,940 18,547,

1,740 11,600 39.965 4,828

3,692

122

940

North Pacific,

521

602 11,600 19,427 324 355,940 18,547 521 26

39,965

Philippine Islands,

Ports in Hainan & G. of Tonquin,

29,118 1,495 23,005

18,700 5,475

12 20,613

335

570

49,731 1,830)

18,700

902

6,150

5,4001

17,865

363

785

40,870 1,265,

6,150

2456

Russia in Asia,

1,493

23,

1.493 23

...

Sandwich Islands,..

982 30

1,670

982 30

1,670

Siam,

41,176 1,636

7,950

8,600

11,134

188

335

52,310 1,824

7,950

South America,

2,056 48 3,190

2,056 48 8,190

United States of America,

13,808

200

38,024

...

13,808

200

38,024

...

TOTAL,....................

2,815 3,616,315 140,726 1,003,134 185,891

196 272,229 7,161 28,626 3,011 3,888,544 147,887 1,003,134 214,

I. NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, and CARGOES of Vessels ENTERED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong from eac

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST.

FOREIGN.

WITH CARGOES.

TOTAL,

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

Cargoes.

Tons. Crews.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Vessels.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

Transit.

47,249 2,126| 29,805

24,795

42,042 2,939

23,646

13,343

821

14,230

46,996 901

37,612

,984,492 71,302 230,150 341,121|

106,513 3,129 188,200|

275,110 7,305 156,439 288,597

4,980 49,112

186,348 9,445 123,852

71,820

332,106 10,440 378 483 119,950

64.543 1,885| 113,919]

2.778 1,081

96 36

112,164 4,041 122,341

331,423 16,219

29,433

***

69.264 3,454)

63,250

1200

39,005

737

69,210

12,069

982

500

127,67

5,742|| 219,100

1,900

960

450

23,985

3,780,213 140,545|1,800,620 939,569

36 47,249 2,126 29,805 24,795 14 42.042 2,939 23,646 18

826 13.399 96 105,724 3,763 1,733 2,090,216 75,065

79 106,513 3,129,

901 21 46,996 144 275,110 7,305 120 186,348 9,445 204 334,884 10,536 43 65,624 1,921 311 331,423 16,219|

•

14,230

1,689

1,649

...

577

650

1,689

577

80 174,607 7,687 71,063

87 5,327 43,790 1,629

1,983 50,910

118

194,142 5,234 200,530

27,526

864

42,050

444

66,008 11,343

14,488

230,150 341,121| 13,836|1,379,172 166,971 534,260 294.290 8,952 787,555 106,643 22,788 2,166,727

4.980 188,200

123 118,007) 3,758 186,040 49,112 37,612 156,439|| 288 597 123,852] 71,820 378.483 119,950 113,919 29,433

3,200 129,534

123 118,007

80 174,607

6,880

5,327

24.820

43,79€

65,999

4,521 69

121 198,66€

...

27,520

283

27,781 8,367

727

93,789

2,100 60

2,000

2,100

831 12

69,264 3,454

63,250

39,005

737

69,210

1.200 12'069

23,614 1,077

209

117,118

5,342

24,427 112,600

...

•

2.400

3,100

982 132 127,673 5,742

960

53 112,164 4,041

500 219,100 450 122,341|

1,900

961 15 33,812 1,073

500

02 2

2,109

25,72

693

211 117,811

1,502

2,46:

57,840

33,81:

35 23,985

392 13 71,483 2,300|

794

1,18

81,917

351

71,481

BRITISH.

100 109,639 3,900 3,011 3,889,852 144,445 1,800,620 939,5€9 14,991 2,260,408 207,517|1

|1,382,972|| 530,275 9,246 824,955 110,189 24,237|3,085,36:

II.-NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, and CARGOES of Vessels CLEARED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong for each

FOREIGN.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL

Shipped.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

anker Coal.

Bunker Coal.

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Bunker Coal.

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

1,231

1,653

2,850

11,088 53

1,760

1,452 44;

60,113 2,321 61,086 1,624

450

30,762 1,841,

25,500

1,681

...

948

1,0001

13.002

848

2 560

2,895

:::

***

唱

12,017 9,089

1 1,486 2,035 2,521,931 93,584 73,416 1,991

1,000 392.552 7,085

123,105 15,043 1,792,901 202,940 916,928

48.991 10,849

49,456 1,612| 401 97,082 5,649] 14,420

39,422 7,621 442,837 72,736

9,017

74,802 2,366|

11,433 22,6642,235,738 275,676 12,9531

137 124,258 3,978

8,210

...

3,975

48 104,769 5,714]

42,150

3,975

...

401 97,082 5,619

...

28.701

10,163

8,586 85,514 1,903

2021

1,550

2,845

170 292,006 9,189 216.903 186 313,086 10,272 187,135

30,251| 13,008

78,632 62 106,712 3,484 99 153,017 5,163| 120,269

20,656 9,411

4,611 71,175 1,673

840 3,195

65 111,323 3,563 148 224,192 6,836

1,740

3,692 122

940

4,828

...

602 19,427 324 355,940 18,547|

5,475

521 20,613 5,400| 12 17,865

521

...

121

335

570

49,731 1,830)

363

785

40,870 1,265|

11,600 2,680 39,965 4,828

18,700

6,045 6,150 6,185

683

64 2,321 94,772 14,454

400 67,137

570

1,457 2,445

700

544

308 6,694 208 115,861 5,088)

90 7,550 88,382

...

.:.

...

710

3,778 97,217 14,998|

121

1,385 15,823

12,279

188

550

191

7,417

252

528

70 18,973 218 123,278 5,340

6 496

***

8,600

11 1,493

...

982

1,670

11,134

188

335

52,310 1,824|

7,950

8,935

461 15,772

750

511

7,950

3,615

2,396

2,056

3,190

3,098 71

4,140

13,808

200

38,024

29,911

423

58,726

...

242

...

630

461 18,168

585

3,098

29,911

423

...

[85,891

196 272,229 7,161

28,626 3,011 3,888,544 147,887 1,003,134 214,517 16,252 2,468,128 239,785 1,414,365 108,109 7,802 619,419 77,969 30,829 24,054 3,087,547 317,754

“Hongkong from each Country in the Year 1894.

IGN.

LAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

TOTAL.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Cargoes.

Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Dis-

Transit.

charged

Dis- charged.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

...

1,689 38 1,649

577 141

14 42,042 2,939}

23,646

48,938 2.164 31,454 24,795 42,042 2,939

650

...

48,938 2,164 31,454 24,795|

18 13,920 835 14,880

3,200 202 224,520 6,887 374,240| 8,180

25,646 19 13,976 840 14,880

555 106,643 22.788 2,166,727 273.614 534,260 294,290 15,473 3,363,664 238,273 764,410 635,411 9,048 893,279 110,406 24,521 4,256,943 348,679 764,410 635,411

123 118,007 3,758 186,040

80 174,607 7,687|

***

...

:::

202 224,520 6,887 374,240| 8,180 101 221,603 8,588 108,675 178,646 147 280,437 7,392 158,422|| 295,477 151 230,138 11,074 174,762 96,640 7,299 155 325 533,547 15,829 579.013| 185,949 1 1,081 36 70 93,150 2,785 155.969 27,781 3,367 1,038 425,212 30,929| 43,921 2,100 60 2,000

521

31 121 198,663 5,293 200,530

71,063 3 5,327 87 1,983 43,790 1,629, 50,910

129,534

6,880

24,820

65,999

320

27,520 864 42,050

40 69

101 221,603 8,588 108,675 178,646 147 280,437 7,392 158,422 295,477 151 230,138 11,074 174,762 96,640 526,248 15,674 579,013| 185,949

92,069 2,749 155,969

781 8,367

727

93,789 14,710)

14,488

755

397,431 27,562|

43,921

283

2,100 60

2,000

2,100

2,000

109

25,723 1,127

693 34 211 117,811

5,376|

502

3 2,463 37

89 33,812 1,073

15 24,427 112.600|

500 57,840

2.400 3.100

109

92,878 4,531 235 156,123 6,059| 3 1,943 47

87,677

3,600

181,810|

15,169

1,000

32 2

171 161,485 6,815

276,940

1,900

•••

794

141

2 1,186 27

3 1,352 40

500

71,483 2,500)

81,917]

88 183,647 6,341 204,258)

23,997

40 40

2,109 50 693 34 1,502

794

112 237

94,987 4,581 87,677 156,816 6,113 181,810

3,600

15,169

...

5 3,445 69 1,000 171 161,485 6,815 276,940|

4 2,146 54

1,900

500

88 183,647 6,341 204,258

23,997

955 110,189 24,237 3,085,363 317,706 1,382,972 530,275 17,902 6,040,621 848,062 3,188,592 1,469,844 9,346 934,594 114,089 27,248 6,975,215 462,151 3,183,592 1,469,844

*Hongkong for each Country in the Year 1894.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOes.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

Shipped.

Bunker Vessels.

Coal.

Shipped.

Tons.

Crews.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Cargoes

:::

...

14 1

|22,664 2,235,738 275,676 916,928 137 124,258 3,978 48,991 40 97,082 5,649| 14,420

65 111,323 3,503| 78.632 148 224,192 6,836 120,269|

21,496] 12,606

Bunker Coal.

29,109 1,808 25,500 1,231

1,653 33 948 19 1,000] 11,550 804 2,560 2,850

1,452 44, 1,486 34 1,000 50,855, 17,025 4,254,719 294,203 1,309,480 150.510 7,674 502,950 75,057 21,970 68 61,786 1,979| 56,076 10,777 124 135,888 8,990

8,210

40 97,082 5,649Į 14,420 8,210 48 104,769 5,714 42,150 3.975 226 390,132 12,471 295,535 231 380,589 13,532 307,404

Bunker Coal,

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

***

450

22 1

30,762 1,841

25,500 1,681

948

19 1,000

13,002

848

2,560 2,895

1 1,486 34] 1,000

23,450 24,699 4,757,669 369,260 1,309,480 173,960 22,042 192 197,674 5,969 56,076 32,819

97,082 5,649 14,420

8,210

49,357|

19,574

9 13,197 281 103 156,689 3,576

2,390

6,040

48 104,769 5,714 42,150 6,975 235| 403,329 12,752|| 295,535| 334 537,278 17,108 307,404 25,614

51,747

710

3,778 97,217 14,998

121

400 67,137

1,270

1,007

11 18,056 544 12,000 450,712 33,001 107,102

2,310

4,828

이

18,973

496

218 123,278 5,340

...

461

***

90 7,550 88,382

1,935] 16,351

41 229

70 35,812 1,803|

90 26,250 138,866 5,990 94,532

1.498 23

...

6,860 201 21,223

22 80

3 5,149 179 27 2,445 544 521 26 523 32,892 25,282 615

1,640

1,120 1,313

14 23,205 723 12,000 3,950 1,034 453,157 33,545|| 107,102

591 32 68,704 2,326 26,250 251 164,148 6,605

4,828

7,980

94,532

22,536

1 1,493 23

...

18,168

585

750 7.950

4,245

3,098

4,140

29,911 423 58,726

1,443 42 2,420 56,948 2,147 15,900 5,154 119 7,330 28 43,719 6231 96,750

1,443 42 2,420

12,215 10 13,530 262

965

70,478 2,409 15,900

13,180

***

8 6,154 119 7,330]

•

43,719 623 96,750

9 24,054 3,087,547 317,754 1,414,365 188,938 19,067 6,084,443 380,511 2,417,499 294,000 7,998 891,648 85,130

59,455 27,065 6,976,091 465,641 2,417,499 353,455

251

253

III.-NUMBER, TONNAGE and CREWS of Vessels of each Nation ENTERED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong

in the Year 1894.

ENTERED.

NATIONALITY

WITH CARGoes.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

VESSELS.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews.

American,

Austrian,

80,355 57,223

2,480

9,570

128

89,925 2,608

1,362

57,223

1,362

British,

2,911

3,780,213 | 140,545

100

109,639

3,900

3,011 | 3,889,852

3,889,852

144,445

Chinese,

114,158

4,862

5,989

437

106 120,147

5,299

Chinese Junks,

13,888

1,001,963

160,048

9,135

740,106

107,200

23,025

1,742,069 267,248

Danish,

42,903

2,031

1,986

143

102

44,889 2,174

Dutch,

19,295

577

19,295

577

French,

114

152,491

10,555

293

115

152,784

10,569

German,

574

624,691

20,397

49,289

1,661

639

673,980

22,058

Hawaiian,

2,505

Italian,

20,022

925

794

20,816

939

Japanese,

75,501

2,502

1,234

76,735

2,549

Nicaraguan,

673

Norwegian,

62,739

1,495

15,624

538

78,363

2,033

Russian,

2,785

Siamese,

656

Spanish,

2,448

168

2,518

175

TOTAL,............ 17,902 6,040,621 348,062 9,346 934,594 114,089 27,248 6,975,215 462,151

IV. NUMBER, TONNAGE and CREWS of Vessels of each Nation CLEARED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong

in the Year 1894.

CLEARED.

NATIONALITY

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

VESSELS.

Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews, Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

American,

71,935 2,379

15,604

242

Austrian,

57,123

1,367

...

87,539 57,123

2,621

1,367

British,

2,815

3,616,315

140,726

196

Chinese,

101

115,534

5,083

Chinese Junks,

15,250

1,343,576

195,425

7,588

272,229 4,613 396,479

7,161 275 71,320

3,011

3,888,544

147,887

106

120,147

5,358

22,838 1,740,005

266,745

Danish,

42,307

1,947

2,582

193

102

44,889

2,140

Dutch,

14.779

462

5,973

197

20,752

659

French,

113

151,306 10,209

739

114

152,045

10,240

German,

528

574,894

19,316

116

103,679

3,289

644

678,573

22,605

Hawaiian,

989

Italian,

20,111

17 942

1,516

2,505

20,111

942

Japanese,

34,962

1,298

Nicaraguan,

673

Norwegian,

35,356

1,144

8888

43,851

1,309

78,813

2,607

673

...

43,007

989

78,363

2,133

Russian,

2,785

...

2,785

Siamese,

656

Spanish,

1.142

1,376

102

2,518

198

TOTAL,... 19,067 6,084,443 380,511

| |

7,998

891,648 85,130

27,065 6,976,091 465,641

254

VII.—Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks ENTERED from Macao, during the

Year ending 31st December, 1894.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Ves- sels.

Tons.

crews.

Passen- gers.

Victoria,

444 66,008 11,343

Cargo Ves- Discharged.

Tons. sels.

14,488 282 27,106 3,345

Tons. Crews. Passen- Ves- gers. sels.

726

Tons. Crews. İ

Crews.

Passen- gers.

Cargo Discharged.

Tons.

93,11414,688]

14,488

Total,...

444 66,008 11,343

14,488

282 27,106 3,345

726

93,114 14,688|

14,488

VIII. Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks CLEARED for Macao, during the

Year ending 31st December, 1894.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Ves- sels.

Tons. Crews. Passen-

gers.

Cargo Ves- Shipped.

Tons. sels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- Ves- gers. sels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Cargo

Shipped. Tons.

Victoria,

680 89,28214,209

64,088 27 2,445 544

707

91,727 14,753|

64,088

Total,... 680

89,282 14,209

64,088 27 2,445 544

707

91,727 14,753

64,088

IX.-Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks ENTERED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong,

from Ports on the Coast of China and Formosa, during the Year ending 31st December, 1894.

Cargo.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Tons. Crews.

East Coast,. San On Dis- trict, West

Ves-

Passen Cargo Ves-

Discharged. sels.

gers.. Tons. sels.

2,618 193,743 | 23,457;

843 158,005 1,188

10,737 730,459 123,897 78,716 | 256,158 | 6,825|

...

Passen- Ves-

Passen- Cargo gers. sels.

gers.

62,785 18,936| 449 3,806 256,528 37,393 1,292 158,005

605,232|80,407| 28,840 |17,562|1,335,691 201,304| 107,056| 256,158

West Coast,

89 11,753 1,351

33 8,656 840 44,983 9,512 6 029 56,736 10,863

39 8,656

Total,... 13,444 935,955 148,705 79,592 422,819 8,853 713,000|103,855|| 28,795 22,2921,648,955 252,560 108,387 422,819

Tons. Crews.

Tous. Crews.

Discharged. Tons.

X.-Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks CLEARED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong,

for Ports on the Coast of China and Formosa, during the Year ending 31st December, 1894.

Cargo.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Ves-

Tons. Crews.

Shipped.

sels.

1,154 44,054 8,432

Passen- Cargo Ves-

gers.

Tons. sels.

461 20,310| 2,749 219,611 31,012

Tons. Crews.

12,984 1,180,867 168,122 106,037 714,490 4,482 154,724 35,687

East Coast,..

San On Dis- trict, West

River, &c.,. West Coast,

462 29,373 4,662) 36 20,023 330 19,669 4,077

Total,... 14,570 1,254,294 181,216 106,534 754,823 7,561 394,034 | 70,776|| 6,027 22,131 1,648,328 251,902|| 112,561| 754,823

792 49,072 8,739

Passen- Ves-

gers. sels.

3,873 263,665 39,414 516 20,310

5,972 17,4661,335,591203,809 112,009 714,490

36 20,023

Passen-

gers.

Cargo

Shipped.

Tons.

V.-TOTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, AND CARGOES

WITH CARGOES.

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

NAMES

OF PORTS.

Cargoes.

Ca:

Vls.

Tons. Crews.

Vis. Tons. Crews. Vls. Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. Crews.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Dis-

Transit.

| charged

Aberdeen,

Hunghom,

Shaukiwán,.

Stanley,.

Victoria,

2,9118,780,213 140,545 1,800,620 939,569

Yaumáti,..

***

Total,.

2,9113,780,213 140,545 1,800,620 939,569

747

20,702 6,486; 6,81

724

11,300 3,335

9,95

781

41,679 6,644

30,58

7,395 1,732 5,81

100 109,639 3,900 3,011 3,889,852 144,445 1,800,620|| 939,569,10,632 1,983,601 169,7921,158,58 1,828|| 195,671|19,528; 171,25

...

100 109,639 3,900 3,011 3,889,852|144,445 1,800,620 939,569)14,991|| 2,260,408 207,517|1,382,97

VI. TOTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, AND CARGOES

279

WITH CARGOES.

BRITISH.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CA

NAMES

OF PORTS.

Shipped.

Vis. Tons. Crews.

Vls.

Tons. Crews.

Bunker

Bunker Coal.

Vis. Tons. Crews.

Vls. Tons. Crews.

Bunker

Cargoes. Coal.

Aberdeen, Hunghom,

Stanley,.

236 6,561 1,724

472

25,575 3,30:

Shaukiwán,.

...

878

53,231 6,98;

Victoria,

Yaumáti,..

Total,.....

2,815 3,616,315 140,726 1,003,134 185,891

...

2,815 3,616,315 140,726 1,003,134 185,891

126 6,354 1,081

196 272,229 7,161 28,626 3,011 3,888,544 147,887 1,003,184 214,617 12,354 2,159,099 204,04

...

2,186 217,308 22,650

196 272,229 7,161 28,626 3,011 3,888,544 147,887,1,003,134 214,517,16,252 2,468,128|239,78;

NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, AND CARGOES OF VESSELS ENTERED AT EACH PORT IN THE COLONY OF HONG

FOREIGN.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST,

TOTAL.

Cargoes.

Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Dis- charged.

Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. Crews. Vls.

Tons. Crews.

Vls.

Tons.

Transit.

747

Dis- charged.

20,702 6,486; 6,819

Trausit.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

245

8,330 2,708 992

724

11,360 3,335| 9,959

581

34,293 5,720] 1,305

781

41,679 6,644 30,588

925

54,058 9,036 1,706

29,032 9,194 6,819 45,653 9,055 9,959 95,737 15,680) 30,588

747

20,702

724

11,360

781

41,679

279

7,395 1,732 5,817

3,889,852 144,445 1,800,620|| 939,569 10,632 1,983,601 169,792 1,158,533 530,275

4,265

3,137

2,317 987 3721 463,293 55,797 14,897 2,446,894 225,589,1,158,533 530,275 262,664 35,941 4,965 458,335, 55,469 171,256

9,712 2,719

5,817

279

7,895

13,543

5,763,814

...

1,828

195,671

1,828 195,67119,528 171,256

13,889,852 144, 145|1,800,620||| 939,569|14,991| 2,260,408,207,517 1,382,972 530,275 9,246

824,955 110,189 24,237) 3,085,363 317,706 1,382,072 530,275 17,902 6,040,621

L NUMBER, TONNAGE, CREWS, AND CARGOES OF VESSELS CLEARED AT EACH PORT IN THE COLONY OF HONC

FOREIGN.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Shipped.

er Vis. Tons. Crews.

Vls.

Tons.

Crews.

Vls.

Tons. Crews.

dl.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

Bunker

Bunker Coal.

Vls.

Tons.

Crews.

Bunker

Cargoes. Coal.

236

472

6,561 1,724 2,792 25,575 3,305 24,142 878 53,231 6,985| 46,836 126 6,354 1,081 5,419

3,358 1,624 ,626 3,011 3,888,544 147,887 1,003,134 214,517 12,354 2,159,099 204,040 1,147,522 108,109 2,487 298,459 22,969

2,186 217,308 22,650||187,654

2,712 234,292 31,901| ,626 3,011 3,888,544 147,887 1,003,134 214,517,16,252 2,468,128 239,785 1,414,365 108,109 7,802 619,419 77,969

...

29,032 9,194 2,792 45,653 9,055 24,142

93,992| 15,240| 46,836)

9,712 2,705| 5,419

30,829 14,841 2,457,558 227,009 1.147,522 138,938 15,

4,898 451,600 54,551 187,654|

30,829 24,054 3,087,547 317,754 1,414,365 138,938 19,'

756

22,471 7,470|

833

20,078 5,750

768

40,761 8,255)

246

992 1,805

1,646

372

RT IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG, IN THE YEAR 1894.

ΓΑΣ.

WITH CARGOES.

TOTAL.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Cargoes.

VS.

Vls.

Tons.

Crews.

Vls.

Tons. Crews. Vls.

Tons.

Crews.

Dis- charged.

Transit.

Dis- charged.

Dis-

Transit.

charged.

94 6,819

747

20,702 6,486

6,819

245

8,330,

2,708

992

29,032

9,194

6,819

9,959

724

11,360 3,335

9,959

581.

34,293

5,720

1,305

45,653 9,055

9,959

30,588

781

41,679

6,644

30,588

925

54,058

9,36

1,706

95,737 15,680|

30,588

19 5,817

279

7,395

1.732

5,817

2,317

987

372

9,712 2,719

5,817

39,1,158,533 530,275

13,543

5,763,814 310,337

2,959,153||||1,469,844

4,365

572,932

59,697)

69 171,256

1,828

195,671 19,528

171,250

5,137

262,664 35,941|

17,908 4,965

*061,882,972 580,275 17,902 6,040,621 848,062 3,183,592 1,469,844 9,946

6,336,746 370,034|| 2,959,153|1,469,844

934,594 114,089 27,248 6,975,215 462,151 3,183,592 1,469,844

458,385 55,469

171,256

RT IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG, IN THE YEAR 1894.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

TOTAL.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Shipped.

Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

Bunker Coal.

Cargoes.

Buuker Coal.

Bunker Coal.

Vis.

Tons. Crews.

Cargoes.

Bunker

Coal.

092 29,032 9,194 2,792

...

905

45,653 9,055] 24,142

646

93,992 15,240 46,836

372

9,712 2,705

5,419

126 6,354 1,081 5,419

2,186 217,308 22,650 187,654

236 6,561 1,724 2,792 472

25,575 3,305 24,142 878 53,231 6,985 46,836

...

3,358 1,624

841 2,457,558 227,009 1.147,522 138,938 15,169 5,775,414 344,766 2,150,656 294,000 2,683 570,688 30,130 898 451,600 54,551| 187,654

2,712 234,292 31,901

0543,087,547 317,754 1,414,365 138,938 19,067 6,084,443 380,511 2,417,499 294,000 7,998 891,648 85,130

372 9,712 2,705 5,419

59,455 17,852 6,346,102 374,896 2,150.656 353,455

4,898 451,600 54,551 187,654

59,155|27,065| 6,976,091 465,641 2,417,499 353,455

756

22,471 7,470|

992

29,032 9,194 2,792

833

20,078 5,750

1,305

45,653 9,055 24,142

768

40,761 8,255

1,646

93,992 15,240| 46,836

246

255

257

XI.-Grand Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks ENTERED at each Port in the Colony of Hongkong (exclusive of Local Trude), during the Year ending 31st December, 1894.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Ves- sels.

Tons. Crews.

Crews. Passen-

gers.

Cargo Ves- Discharged.

Tons. sels.

Tous. Crews.

Passen- Ves- gers. sels.

Tons. Crews.

l'assen-

gers.

Cargo Discharged.

Tons.

Aberdeen, Hungbom,.

747

20,702 6,486| 252

724

11,360 3,335

173

Shaukiwán,

781

41,679 6,644

204

Stanley,

279

7.395 1,732

Victoria,

9,529

725,156122.323|| 78,877

Yaumáti,

1,828 195,671 19,528

6,819 245 9,959 581 30,588 925

5,817 212,868 171,256 3,137| 262,661|35,941| 50

8,330 2,708

992

29,032 9,194 283

6,819

34,293 5,720| 54,058 9,036

1,305

45,653 9,055

199

9,959

1,706

95,737 15,680

247

30,588

93 2,317 987 4,154 378,444|52,808|| 28,644

372

9.712 2,719

5,817

13,683 1,103,600|175,131 107,521

212,868

4,965 458,335 55,469 133

171,256

Total....13,888 1,001,963 160,04 79,592 | 160,048 | 9,135 | 740,106 107,200 28,795 23.0231,742,069|267,248 108,387

160,048

XII.-Grand Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargo of Junks CLEARED at each Port in the Colony of Hongkong (exclusive of Local Trade), during the Year ending 31st December, 1894.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Ves- sels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo Ves- Shipped.

Tons. sels.

Tons. Crews.

l'assen- Ves- gers. sels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo Shipped.

Tons.

Aberdeen, Hunghom,

Shaukiwán,

Stanley,....

Victoria,

Yaumáti,

236 6,561 1,724 154 2.792 756 472

25,575 3,305 131 24,142 878 53,231 6,985 284 46,836 126 6,354 1,081

4 5,419 11,352 1,034,547|159,680) 105,874 | 552,038 2,273

2,186 217,308| 22,650||

22,471 7,470|

992

29,032 9,194 183

2,792

833

20,078 5,750

1,305

45,653 9,055

136

24,142

768

40,761 8,255|

1,646

93,992 15,240

291

46,836

246

87 187,654 2,712

3,358 1,624 75,519 16,320 234,292 31,901

372 9,712 2,705

5,419

5,669

13,625 1,110,066 176,000, 111,543 310 4,898 451,600 34,551| 397

552,068

187,654

Total,... 15,250 1,348,576|195,425] 106,534 | 818,911 | 7,588

396,479 71,320

6,027 | 22,8381,740,055|266,745 112,561

818,911

XIII.—Return of Junks (Local Trade) EXTERED at the Port of Victoria from the Out-stations of the Island and

the Villages in British Kaulung, during the Year ending 31st December, 1894.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Ves- sels.

Crev Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo Ves- Discharged.

sels. Tons.

Tons. Crews.

l'assen- Ves- sels. gers.

Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo Discharged, Tons.

Victoria,..

2,825 | 106,791 | 34,652

2,082 | 90,964 1,397 41,742 11,378

Total,... 2,825| 106,791|34,652|||||2,082

3,982 4,222 148,533 46,030 6,064 90,964

90,964 1,397 41,742 11,378

3,982 | 4,222 | 148,533 46,030 6,064 90,961

XIV.—Return of Junks (Locul Trade) CLEARED at the Port of Victoria for the Out-stations of the Island and

the Villages in British Kaulung, during the Year ending 31st December, 1894.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Ves- sels.

Tons. Crews. Passen-

gers.

Cargo Ves- Shipped.

Tons. sels.

Tons. Crews. Passeu- Ves- gers. sels.

Tons. Crews. Passen-

Carge

Shipped.

gers.

Tons.

Victoria,

1,881 49,848 | 14,963| 3,571

9,597 2,375 98,98331,175

98,983 31,175 1,258 | 4,256| 148,831 46,138 4,829

9,597

Total,... 1,881 49,848 14,963||||3,571 9,597 2,375 98,983 31,175

98,983 31,175 1,258 4,256| 148,831|46,138|||||| 4,829

9,597

258

XV.—SUMMARY.

FOREIGN TRADE.

No. of VESSELS.

TONS.

CREWS.

British Vessels entered with Cargoes,

Do.

do.

in Ballast,

2,911 100

3,780,213

140,545

109,639

3,900

Total,......

3,011

3,889,852

144,445

British Vessels cleared with Cargoes,..

2,815

3,616,315

140,726

Do.

do. in Ballast,

196

272,229

7,161

Total,.......

3,011

3,888,544

147,887

Total of all British Vessels entered and cleared,

6,022

7,778,396

292,332

Foreign Vessels entered with Cargoes,

14,991

2,260,408

207,517

Do.

do. in Ballast,....

9,246

824,955

110,189

Total,.................

24,237

3,085,363

317,706

Foreign Vessels cleared with Cargoes,

16,252

2,468,128

239,785

Do.

do. in Ballast...

7,802

619,419

77,969

Total,.

24,054 3,087,547

317,754

Total of all Foreigu Vessels entered and cleared,.........

18.291

6,172,910

635,460

Total of all Vessels entered with Cargoes,.

17,902

6,040,621

348,062

Do..

do. in Ballast,.

9,346

934,594

114,089

Total of all Vessels entered,.....

27,248

6,975,215

462,151

Total of all Vessels cleared with Cargoes,.

Do.

do. in Ballast,

19,067

6,084,443

380,511

7,998

891,648

85,130

Total of all Vessels cleared,.

27,065

6,976,091

465,641

Total of all Vessels entered and cleared with Cargoes,

36,969

12,125,064

728,573

Do.

do.

do. in Ballast,

17,844

1,826,242

199,219

Total of all Vessels engaged in Foreign Trade only, entered and cleared,

54,318

13,951,306

927,792

LOCAL TRADE.

Total of all Vessels entered,

4,222

148,533

46,030

Do.

cleared,

4,256

118,831

46,138

Total of all Vessels engaged in Local Trade only, entered and cleared,

8,478

297,264

92,168

Do.

Total of all Vessels engaged in Foreign Trade only, entered and cleared,

do. in Local Trade only,

54,313

do.

8,478

13,951,306

297,864

927,792

92,168

Grand Total of all Vessels entered and cleared,...

62,791

14,248,670 1,019,960

XVI.-RETURN of VESSELS REGISTERED at the Port of Hongkong, during the Year 1894.

259

Name of Vessel.

Official Number.

Regis- tered Tonnage.

Horse Power.

Built

Rig.

Where built and when.

Remarks.

Kitty,

85,926

803

Barque

Iron

Amsterdam, 1856.

Foreign name "Stad Euschede."

Kwong Hoi, str.,......

73,794

513 400

None

Iron

Clyde, 1875.

Formerly "Ooryia."

Fame, str.,

19,498

140

74 None

Iron

South Shields, 1857.

Sabah, str.,

95,865

24 None

Wood

Hongkong, 1894.

Kwong Mo, str.,.........

95,861

177

55 Schooner

Compo

Whampoa, 1889.

Foreign name "Kwong Mo."

site

Caleb Curtis,

95,866

Schooner Wood Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,

Foreign name "Caleb Curtis."

1859.

XVII-RETURN of REGISTRIES of VESSELS cancelled at the Port of Hongkong, during the Year 1894.

Name of Vessel.

Regis- tered Tonnage.

Rig.

Built of

Where built and when.

Reason of Cancellation.

Kiung Chow, str.,. 73,448

Pilot Fish, str.,.... 88,836

Tarapaca,

Avochie, str., 88,860

Kwong Mo, str.,... 95,861

Chin Shan, str., 95,862

Kwong Hoi, str.,... -3,794

Tai Ping, str.,.......... 95,863

45,387

441

289 1881 40 Schooner

116 1885 62 None

495 1898

Barque

1,056 1890 200 Schooner

102 1892 80 Schooner

85 1893 33 Schooner

1893 400 None

77 1893 25 None

Wood Hongkong, 1877.

Iron

Wood Liverpool, 1862.

Iron

Sold to be broken up.

Kowloon, Hongkong, 1885.

Stranded near Tamtoo Island.

Registered anew at Bombay.

Low Walker on Tyne, 1881.

Sold to Foreigners.

Compo-

site

Iron

Clyde, 1875.

Wood Mongkok, Hongkong, 1893.

Whampoa, 1889.

Wood Mongkok, Hongkong, 1892.

Registered de nero in consequence

of alteration in tonnage.

Sold to Foreigners.

Registered de novo in consequence

of alteration in tonnage. Sold to Foreigners.

Pad

XVIII. ·AMOUNT of FEES received under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1854, and Table B of Ordinance No. 26

of 1891, in the Harbour Department, during the Year 1894.

Matter or Duty in respect of which Fee taken.

Number. Fee. Amount.

Remarks.

Certifying Desertion,

Copy from Registry Book,

Declaration of Ownership,

Endorsement of change of Master,

Endorsement of change of Ownership,

Granting Certificate of Imperial Registry,

Inspection of Registry,...

Recording Mortgage of Ship,

Recording Transfer of Mortgage,

Recording Discharge of Mortgage......

Recording Sale of Ship,

Registering Certificate of Sale,

Total,.........$ 353

260

XIX. RETURN of CHINESE PASSENGER SHIPS cleared by the Emigration Officer, Hongkong, during the Year

ending the 31st day of December, 1894.

No.

DATE CLEARED.

SHIP'S NAME,

Toxs.

January 3

Dardanus, str.

1,491 British

Mogul, str.

1,827

NATION-

ALITY

OF SHIP.

T. Purdy T. Golding

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHITHER BOUND.

TOTAL.

Straits Settlements

149

Victoria, B.C.

Tacoma, U.S.A.

Belgie, str.

2,695

W. H. Walker

San Francisco

46.

Wing Sang, str.

1,517

Stura, str..

10 Gisela, str.

Peru, str.

Loo Sok, str.

Propontis, str.

وو

13 Arratoon Aprar, str.

20 | China, str.

20 Hongay, str.

1,416 Italian 2,043 Austrian 2,540 American 1,020 British 1,390 1,392

1,113 German 1,564 British

d'A. de St. Croix E. De Negri F. Kossovich D. E. Friele G. Anderson W. H. Fanand J. E. Hausen

Straits Settlements

664

111

8:9

499

596

169

183

San Franci-co

Straits Settlements

234

13.

253

308

360

191

49.

254

P. Voss

564

54.

645

J. Young

23 Victoria, str.

1,992

V. Perkes

Victoria, B.C.

وو

Tacoma, U.S.A.

23 Gouverneur Gencraals' Jacob, s.j

1,569 Dutch

N. Kamminga

Straits Settlements

121

140

Victoria, B.C.

24 Empress of China, str.

3,003 British

R. Archibald

187

Vancouver, B.C.

135

24 | Chelydra, str.

≈ 22378 & *** & *2 3 -88-88 8 ******** * 28 7 834835 3 886 3 888 8 5882 2 887

25 Oceanic, str...........

1,574 2,410

R. Cass

Straits Settlements

265

76.

357

Honolulu

W. M. Smith

San Francisco

26 Deuteros, str.

20 February 1

Lightning, str........

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

1,198 German 2,124 | British 2,275 American

W. A. Dinse

Straits Settlements

137

169

J. G. Spence

158

191

J. T. Smith

San Francisco

Catherine Apear, str.

1,734 British

J. G. Olitent

Straits Settlements

189

202

Catterthun, str.

1,400

N. Shannon

Thursday Island

وو

Empress of India, str.

3,003

O. P. Marshall

Victoria, B.C.

242

Vancouver, B.C.

168

Hupeh. str.

1,846

T. Quail

City of Peking, str.

Wing Sang, str.

3,120 | American 1,517 British

W. B. Seabury d'A. de Ste. Croix

Straits Settlements San Francisco Straits Settlements

350

374

347

400

وو

Tacoma, str.

1,662

J. R. Hill

Victoria, B.C.

65.

Tacoma, U S.A.

28 Mareli

1 Propontis, str.

1,390

3 Arratoon Apear, str.

1,892

W. H. Farrand J. E. Hansen

Straits Settlements

786

857

703

786

Honolulu

China, str.

2,401

W. Ward

396

San Francisco

218

•

Phra Chom Khan, str.

1,012

J. Fowler

Straits Settlements

587!

600-

8 Stura, str.............

10 Marquis Barqueham, str..

1,416 Italian 2,740 Austrian

13 | Chelydra, str.

1,574 British

E. De Negri G. Walluschnig R. Cass

5231

46!

€90

;

370

384*

592

31.

636

15 Hongay, str..........

15 Belgic, str.

Mogul, str.

1,564 2,695

1,827

J. Young

602

635

W. H. Walker

San Francisco

445

452

T. Golding

Victoria, B.C.

175

Tacoma, U.S.A.

119

China, str.

21 Empress of Japan, sir.

22 | Lightning, str...

Peru, str.

27 Kutsang, str.

1,113 German

3,003 British 2,124 2,540 American 1,495 British

P. Voss

Straits Settlements

630

G80

G. A. Lee

Victoria, B.C.

Vancouver, B.C.

691

739

43 April

3 Catherine Apcar, str.

1,784

J. G. Spence D. E. Friele W. H. Jackson J. G. Olifent

Straits Settlements

774

878

San Francisco

739

750

traits Settlements

748

17:

776

6031

736

3 Oceanic, str..

2,440

W. M. Smith

San Francisco

497

508

5 Bisagno, str.

1,499 Italian

A. Tognasso

Straits Settlements

692

745

6. Phra Chom Khao, str..

1,012 | British

J. Fowler

631

667

7 Chow Fa, str.

1,055

F. W. Phillips

348

383

10 Victoria, str.

1,992

J. Panton

Victoria, BC.

Tacoma, U.S.A.

10 Thibet, str.

10 Borneo, str. ...

93.

Empress of China, str.......

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

13 Wing Sang, str.

16 Maria Valerie, str.

18 Ardgay, str.

1,665 1,561 Dutch 3,003 British

2,275 American 1,517 British 2,644 Austrian 1,081 British

J. C. Theunissen

R. Archibald

J. Thom

R. A. Peters

Straits Settlements

481

14:

499

443

484

Victoria, B.C.

393

Vancouver, B.C.

830

J. T. Smith

San Francisco

d'A. de Ste. Croix

| Straits Settlements

532

601

G. Costanzo

659

634

673

18 Hupeh, str.

1,846

T. Quail

692

20 Arratoon Apear, str.

1,392

J. E. Hansen

692

807

Honolulu

223

24 Gaelic, str.

2,691

W. G. Pearne

398

San Francisco

135

27 Kong Beng, str.

862

B. Pigot

Straits Settlements

600

28 Chelydra, str.

1.574

R. Cass

8561

61 May

1 Hougay, str..

15,64

J. Young

564

127

650

914

640.

Victoria, B.C.

2 Empress of India, str.

3,003

O. P. Marshall

220

Vancouver, B.C.

169

3 City of Peking, str.

Stura, str....

5 Lightning, str..

5 Tritos, str.....

Azamor, str.

3,129 | American 1,416 Italian 2,124 British

1,085 German 2,005 British

R. R. Searle

San Francisco

ان

E. De Negri K. H. Sundberg

J. Desler

P. Gibson

Straits Settlements

628

135

804

505

602

Singapore

390

Mauritius

357

Straits Settlements

346

393.

9 Devawongse, str.

1,057

R. Unsworth

449

484

15 China, str.

2,401

W. Ward

San Francisco

159

169

15 Kutsang, str.

1,495

W. H. Jackson

Straits Settlements

669

773

23 Empress of Japan str.

3,C03

G. A. Lee

Victoria, B.C.

188

24 Belgic, str.

2,695

29 Sikh, str.

1,736

74 June 1 Peru, str.

2,540 American

W. H. Walker J. Rowley D. F. Friele

Carried forward,.... 140,462

Vancouver, B.C. San Francisco Victoria, B.C. San Francisco

Carried forward..........

144

27,513 2,081

422 201

30,277

RETURN of CHINESE PASSENGER SHIPS cleared by the Emigration Officer, Hongkong,—Continued.

CHILDREN.

261

No.

DATE CLEARED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHITHER BOUND.

TOTAL.

F. M. F.

Brought forward,..............| 140,462

Brought forward,27,513 2,081

422 261 80,277

75 Angust 11

Peru, str.

Oceanic, str.....

2,540 American 2,440 British

D. E. Friele W. M. Smith

San Francisco

151

P 2 8 3 Z ❀ B*£ £ 8682281685 8 8

23 Victoria, str.

1,992

J. Panton

Victoria, B.C.

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

79 Sept.

Empress of India, str..

3,003 British

11 Gaelic, str.

20 City of Peking, str.

26 Tacoma, str..........................

2,691 3,129 American

1,662 British

V. Perkes

2,275 American

J. T. Smith

O. P. Marshall

W. G. Pearne

R. R. Searle

Victoria, B.C. Vancouver, B.C. San Francisco Honolulu San Francisco Victoria, B.C.

Tacoma, U.S.A.

San Francisco

1671

199

477

***

621

Tacoma, U.S.A.

26 Chelydra, str.

Azamor, str...

1,574 2,005

R. Cass

Straits Settlements

421

519

P. Gibson

356

391

وو

Chow Fa, str.

1,055

J. E. Farrell

192

236

86 Oct.

China, str.....

2,401

W. Ward

San Francisco

3 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

3 Lightning, str.

2,124

8 Bisagno, str..

1,499 | Italian

9 Vindobona, str.

2,688 Austrian

G. A. Lec

K. H. Sundberg

E. Barabino P. Mersa

Victoria, B.C.

301

Vancouver, B.C.

128

Straits Settlements

318

155

141

506

442

552

361

193

591

Belgic, str.

2,635 British

13 Shantung, str.

13 Kutsang, str.

1,835 1,495

W. H. Walker H. C. D. Frampton J. Young

San Francisco

Straits Settlements

286

362

446

172

261

657

Propontis, str.

1,390

W. H. Farrand

G08

161

720

Catherine Apcar, str.

1,734

J. G. Olifent

656

182

261

885

وو

Peru, str.

2,540 American

D. E. Friele

San Francisco

Hupeh, str.

1,846 British

T. Quail

Straits Settlements

3591

Honolulu

133

30 | Oceanic, str.............

2,440

W. M. Smith

San Francisco

་

Empress of China, str.

3,003

R. Archibald

Victoria, B.C.

Vancouver, B.C.

102

∞ c

415

254

126

100

Wing Sang, str.

1,517

d'A de Ste. Croix

Straits Settlements

579

196

101

Nov.

3 Bormida, str.

1,499 Italian

102

3 Chow Fa, str.

1,055 British

193

104

105 106

6 Arratoon Apcar, str.

3 Tritos, str.

6 Victoria, str.

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

107

Gisela, str.

108

14 Chelydra, str.

109

14 Loo Sok,

110

Ardgay, str.

111

Glenavon, str.

112

113

114

115

116

117

1,085 German

1,992 British

1,392 2,275 American 2,643 | Austrian

1,574 British

E. De Negri J. E. Farrell

P. Cornelsen

J. Panton

J. T. Smith

A. Mitis

R. Cass

550

144

498

676

799

730

601

Singapore

342

Mauritius

273

Victoria, B.C.

Tacoma, U.S.A.

J. E. Hansen

Straits Settlements

346

151

$27

San Francisco

Straits Settlements

479

100

612

461

584

1,020

J. B. Jackson

350

419

1,081

1,912

D. Smith

E. Norman

137

160

189

205

119

120

121

118 Dec.

20 Gaelic, str.

23 Lightning, str.

28 Empress of India, str..

28 City of Peking, str.

28 Propontis, str.

Choy Sang, str..

Bisagno, str..

6 Shantung, str.

7 Poseidon, str.

8 Catherine Apcar, str.

3,129 | American 1,390 | British 1,194 1,499 Italian 1,835 British 2,443 Austrian 1,734 British

W. H. Farrand J. Young E. Barabino H.C.D. Frampton A. Fellner J. G. Olifent

2,691

W. G. Pearne

San Francisco

103

2,124

K H. Sundberg

Straits Settlements

390

133

550

3,003

O. P. Marshall

W. Ward

Victoria, B.C.

Vancouver, B.C.

} 102

San Francisco

Straits Settlements

489

17:

579

369

427

269

321

170

195

138

119

286

278

325

Honolulu

154

122

China, str.

2,401

W. B. Seabury

San Francisco

}

258

123

Wing Sang, str..

1,517

d'A. de Ste. Croix

| Straits Settlements

558

162

751

124

Belgic, str.

2,695

W. H. Walker

San Francisco

125

Kong Beng, str.

802

B. Pigot

Straits Settlements

429

495

126

Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

127 128

Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392 Britishı

Peru, str.

129 130

Propontis, str.

وو

Ardgay, str.

;)

2,540 | American 1,390 British 1,081

G. A. Lee

J. E. Hansen

Victoria, B.C.

Vancouver, B.C.

Straits Settlements

504

608

D. E. Friele W. H. Farrand D. Smith

San Francisco Straits Settlements

}

587

676

175

207

TOTAL TONS,.

252,489

TOTAL PASSENGERS,

42,568 5,008|

8721 575 49,023

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

TOTAL.

SUMMARY.

M. F. M. F.

Mauritius,

Queensland Ports,........

Straits Settlements,

Tacoma, U.S.A.,

,, Victoria,

To Honolulu, Sandwich Islands,

San Francisco, U.S.A.,

Vancouver, British Columbia,.

1,170 102

1,359

630

649

3,453

3,585

34,072 4,802|

791 519

40,184

245

2,168

...

799

245 2,168 799

Do.,

TOTAL PASSENGERS,

42,568 5,008] 872 575

49,023

262

XX.-RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong, from Places

out of the Chinese Empire, during the Year ending 31st December, 1894.

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION-

ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

1 January 1 Stura, str.

1 Cheang Hock Kian, str...

1,416 Italian 956 British

De Negri Kunath

Straits Settlements

134

523

CO CO

152

518

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Cooktown

Townsville

2 Chingtu, str.

1,459

Innes

Brisbane

New Zealand

Sydney

Melbourne

6639

2 Empress of China, str.

3,003

Archibald

Victoria, B.C.

Vancouver, B.C.

291

237

10 30 1 00

3 Thames, str.

2,101

Seaton

Straits Settlements

•

Irene, str..

2,207 German

Schüder

194

6 Keemun, str.

1,985 British

Castle

281

8 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1.392

Hansen

402

272

200

300

417

Port Darwin

Cairns

8 Catterthun, str.

1,406

Shannon

Sydney

Melbourne Adelaide

8 Loo Sok, str.

1,020

Anderson

Bangkok

Peru, str.

2,540 American

Friele

San Francisco

209

219

9 Victoria, str.

1,992 British

Panton

Victoria, B.C.

103

104

9 Teheran, str.

1,684

Cole

Straits Settlements

187

203

9 Mongkut, str.

859

Stonham

Bangkok

12 Phra Nang, str.

1,021

Watton

12 Glenorchy, str.

1,822

12 Diomed, str.

1,432

Ferguson Hannah

Straits Settlements

260

185

0010

268

200

22222*********

12 Telamon, str.

1,555

Jackson

15 | Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012

Fowler

Bangkok

15 Poseidon, str.

2,443 Austrian

Fellner

Straits Settlements

660;

680

16 Aglaia, str.

1,556 German

Petersen

171

173

16 Nam Yong, str.

17 Donar, str.

17 Choy Sang, str.

Preussen, str.

20 Canton, str........

20 Oceanic, str. .........

984 British

1,194

1,015 German 2,977

2,044 British

Nicol

397 11

412

Bradley

3801 7

397

Grundmann

Mauritius

128

136

Hagemann

Straits Settlements

240

295

Field

266

270

2,440

Smith

San Francisco

405

421

Nanshan, str.

Borneo, str.

805 1,490 Dutch

Blackburn

Bangkok

Theunissen

22 Taicheong, str.

828 German

Duhn

Medan, Sumatra

113

22 Tantalus, str.

2,299 British

Jones

Straits Settlements

350

363

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Cooktown

22 Tsinan, str.

1,460

Ramsey

Townsville

Sydney

Melbourne

24 Lightning, str.

2,124

Spence

Straits Settlements

846

24 Daphne, str.

1,291 German

Voss

263

25 Kaisow, str.....

1,934 British

Gray

230

Chow Fa, str.

1,055

Phillips

Bangkok

160

26 City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

2,275 American

Smith

San Francisco

132!

27 Monmouthshire, str.

1,871 British

Gedye

Straits Settlements

318

27 Glenfalloch, str.................

1,434

Darke

265

30 Formosa, str.

2,616

Bishop

3276

01 30-H

30 Kut Sang, str.

1,495

Jackson

262

31 Kriemhild, str.

1,709 German

Hildebrandt

179

Empress of India, str.

3,003 British

Victoria, B.C.

301

Marshall

Vancouver, B.C.

121

44 Feb.

Sikh, str.

2 Laertes, str..

3 Bisagno, str.

1,736 1,351 1,499 Italian

5 Bengloe, str.

1,183 British

5 Gaelic, str. ......

2,691

;)

7 Catherine Apcar, str.

1,734

Rowley Grier Tognasso Sarchet Pearne Olifent

Straits Settlements

111

San Francisco

162

Straits Settlements

182

8 Shanghai, str.

2,044

Street!

165

4251

an oo - mo

8 Siam, str.................

992

Messer

Bangkok

9 Glenesk, str.

2,275

Webster

Straits Settlements

9 Teucer, str.

1,803

Riley

884

272

238

160

138

325

276

282

180

151

120

168

200

169

Port Darwin

Cooktown

10 Changsha, str.........

1,463

Williams

Townsville

Sydney

271

Melbourne

2835

10 Omega

•

12 Lawang, str.

12 Oanfa, str.

480 1,637 German 1,970 British

Brown

Callao, Peru

Binger Shaw

Straits Settlements

202

888888

Thursday Island

Townsville

12 Menmuir, str.

1,287

Craig

Rockhampton

Sydney

$238233

17 Bayern, str.......

19 Wing Sang, str.

21 Tai Cheong, str.

Carried forward.......

15 Marquis Bacquehem,

15 Tailee, str.

16 Tacoma, str.

....

16 City of Peking, str.

str.

2,740 Austrian 828 German 1,662 British 3,129 American 3,435 German 1,517 British

828 German

111,488

Walluschnig Calender Hill Seabury Schmaelder Ste. Croix Duhn

Straits Settlements

Medan, Sumatra

Tacoma, U.S.A.

San Francisco

Straits Settlements

100

Medan, Sumatra

Carried forward................

10,906 261 149

11,387

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,-Continued.

263

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M. F.

Brought forward......| 111,488

Brought forward..... 10,906|||| 261

149 68 11,387

CCRCCLE=32882888 2 8

;;

导斧

66 Feb. 22 Myrmidon, str.

March 1 Benalder, str.

1,816 British

Nelson

Straits Settlements

534

China, str.

2,401

Honolulu

Ward

San Francisco

641

Mongkut, str.

869

Stonbam

Bangkok

Nam Yong, str.

984

Nicol

Straits Settlements

688

Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

786 14

26 | Ixion, str.

2,299

Nish

668

54 20

540

102

1037

702

803

700

China, str.

1,113 German

Voss

Bangkok

27 Loo Sok, str.

1,020 British

Anderson

28 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

Lee

Vancouver, B.C.

Glengyle, str.

1.294 2,244

McIntosh

Straits Settlements

Gassou

Stura, str.

Bellona, str.

Diamond, str.

1,416 Italian

1,722 German

1,030 British

482

De Negri

202 18

:29

502

227

Joger

350

Ellis

698 20 10 12

Java, str.

2,632

Tillard

783!

Cheang Hock Kian, str....

956

宁师

Kunath

292

NNO

740

790

297

Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012

Fowler

Bangkok

291

Gwalior, str.

1,618

Denny

Straits Settlements

241

254

Port Darwin

Townsville

6 Airlie, str.

1,494

•

Ellis

Dunedin, N.Z.

Sydney

Melbourne

Adelaide

Belgic, str.

2,695

7 Pakling, str.

1,911

Walker Long

San Francisco

Straits Settlements

278

300

7 Agamemnon, str.

1,491

Williams

228

238

8 Chelydra, str.

1,574

Cass

837

877

Devawongse, str.

9 Jocob Diedericksen, str..

1,057

Unsworth

Bangkok

100

623 German

Hundewadt

10 Niobe, str.

1,440

Pfaff

Straits Settlements

483

Aden, str.

2,517 British

Hill

400!

426

Peru, str.

2,540 American

Friele

San Francisco

Titan, str.

1,525 British

Brown

Straits Settlements

214

226

Karlsrhue, str.

3,450 German

Kessler

230 35

284

Lightning, str.

2,124 British

Tailee, str.

Taichiow, str.

828 German 862 British

Spence Calender

398

454

Deans

Medan, Sumatra Bangkok

Moyune, str.

1,714

De la Perrelle

Straits Settlements

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Townsville

100

19 Tai Yuan, str..............

1,159

Brisbane

Nelson

Auckland

200

Adelaide

Sydney Melbourne

11 42

101

102

•

Maria Valerie, str.

2,644 Austrian

Cyclops, str.

1,363 British

103

21 Diomed, str.

1,432

Costanzo Barr Wilkinson

Straits Settlements

612

30 25

682

489

500

104

22 Kut Sang, str..

1.495

Jackson

5701 17

605

105

22 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012

Morris

Bangkok

106

24 Phra Nang, str.

1,021

Watton

120

107

Thames, str.

2,101

Seaton

Straits Settlements

108

Catherine Apcar, str.

1,734

Olifent

556! 102

22 28

708

109

Gerda, str.

2,111 German

Ehlers

720 30

783

110

27 Nam Yong, str.

984 British

Nicol

821

877

111

27 Normandie, str.

628 Norwegian

Berg

Bangkok

112

27 Oceanic, str.

2.440 British

Honolulu

Smith

153

San Francisco

113

28 Velocity,

491

Martin

Honolulu

102

22.00

117

114

28 Dryfesdale, str.

1,574

Stewart

Straits Settlements

115

28 Cardiganshire, str.

1,623

Sincock

116

28 Empress of China, str.

3,003

Archibald

Vancouver, B.C.

117

29 Kong Beng, str.

862

l'igot

Bangkok

118

29 Victoria, str.

1,992

Perkes

Victoria, B.C.

Tacoma, U.S.A.

119

Polyphemus, str.

120

121

122

123

124 April

30 Hiroshima Maru, str..

30 Bisagno, str.

30 Phra Chom Klao, str.

31 Loo Sok, str.

2,031 Japanese

1.499 Italian

Scale

1,813

Straits Settlements

188

Macmillan

237

1,012 | British 1,020

2 City of Rio de Janeiro, s.

125

2 Chow Fa, str.

1,055 British

126

2 Glencarn, str.

1,425

127

3 Ghazec, str..

1,764

Murray Scotland

128

3 Wing Sang, str.

1,517

Ste. Croix

129

4 Thibet, str.

1,665

Peters

130

4 Achilles, str.

1,488

131

Devawongse, str.

1,057

Tognasso Fowler

144

146

Bangkok

Jackson

2,275 American

Smith

San Francisco

Phillips

Bangkok

251

Straits Settlements

234 15

253

107

110

427 25 30

502

100

108

Harvey

Unsworth

Bangkok

77 87

Port Darwin

Cooktown

Townsville

132

Guthrie, str.

1,494

Helms

Brisbane

Sydney

Dunedin, N.Z.

Melbourne

133

5 Ningchow, str.

1,735

Grattan

Straits Settlements

Carried forward.

221,003

Carried forward..........

26,872

847 383 215

28,317

264

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,-Continued.

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION-

ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M. F

Brought forward

221,003

Brought forward... 26,872 817

383 215

28,317

134 April

7 Chingtu, str.

1,459 | British

Innes

Sydney

Melbourne

135

9 Independent, str.

871 German

Ahrenkiel

Bangkok

136

137

10 Benlawers, str.

10 Sachsen, str.

1,184 British

Webster

Straits Settlements

368

374

3,435 German

Supmer

145 16

175

138

11 Oceana, str..

1,628

Behrens

200

202

139

12 Glenfruin, str.

1,892 British

Norman

101

105

140

13 Kiel, str.

831 German

Krutzfeldt

Bangkok

141

Gaelic, str.

2,691 British

Pearne

San Francisco

113

125

142

143

144

145

Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

Straits Settlements

297 27

328

Ajax, str.

1,477

Goodwin

196

208

Vindobona, str.

2,688 Austrian

Mersa

169

187

Ulysses, str................

2,299 British

Lapage

104

110

146

Angers, str..

2,077

Bannister

147

Phra Chula Chom Klao,s.

1,012

Morris

Bangkok

148

18 Donar, str.

1,015 German

Grundmann

149

21 Chelydra, str.

150

23 Palamed, str.

151

23 Kong Beng, str.

152

City of Peking, str.

153

154

155

Nan Yang, str.

1,574 British

1,489

862

3,129 American

983 German

Cass

Straits Settlements

774

817

Robinson

Pigot

Bangkok

Searle

San Francisco

Schulz

Bangkok

Japan, str.

2,796 British

Phra Nang, str.

1,021

Hall Watton

Straits Settlements

589

618

Bangkok

156

25 Empress of India, str.

3,003

Marshall

Vancouver, B.C.

Port Darwin

Cooktown

157

26 Tsinan, str.

1,460

Ramsay

Townsville

Sydney

Melbourne

158

Stura, str.

159

26 Benledi, str.

1,416 Italian 1,481 British

De Negri

Straits Settlements

Farquhar

160

Nam Yong, str.

161

Salatiga, str.

162

28 Oolong, str...

984 " 1,640 German 2,308 British

Nicol

694

• C

Christensen

276

Allen

3011

;;

163

Radnorshire. str.

1,889

Davies

164

28 | Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012

Fowler

Bangkok

103

742

301

Port Darwin

Townsville

165

ས་

28 Catterthun, str.

1,406

Brisbane

Adelaide

333

Shannon

Sydney

New Zealand

166

30 Glenartney, str.

1,944

McGregor

Straits Settlements

230

167

30 Lightning, str.

2,124

Sundberg

423

470

168 May

1 Singapore, str.

748

Main

Bangkok

169

2 Devawongse, str.

1,057

Unsworth

145

170

3 Cheang Chew, str.

1,213

Webb

Straits Settlements

447

Honolulu

143

171

4 China, str.

2,401

Ward

San Francisco

108

172

5 Priam, str,

1,803

Jackson

Straits Settlements

173

5 Priok, str.

174

7 Tacoma, str.

1,662 British

1,637 German

Madsen

Hill

345

Tacoma, U.S.A.

8;སསསྶ ;

502

299

6 2 10

410

175

Gouverneur Generaals' Jacob,..

1,569 Dutch

Blinde

Samarang

176

7 Malacca, str.

2,616 British

Case

Straits Settlements

2801

296

177

Kut Sang, str.

1,495

Jackson

379

432

178

Loo Sok, str.

179.

180

181

182

11 Kiel, str.

183

12 Taichiow, str.

184

12 Cheang Hock Kian, str.

185

12 Gisela, str.

10 Preussen, str.

10 Glenogle, str.

10 Wuotan, str.

1,020

2,399 British

1,016 German

831 862 British 956 2,643 Austrian

Jackson

Bangkok

100

2,977 German

Hagemann

Straits Settlements

125

165

Duke Ott

177

125

Krutzfeldt

Bangkok

127

Deans Kunath Kossovich

Straits Settlements

255

241

4 6

267

263

Thursday Island

Townsville

186

15 Menmuir, str.

1,287 British

Craig

Sydney

Auckland

Melbourne

187

Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

Lee

Victoria, B.C.

188

Belgic, str.

2,695

Walker

San Francisco

108

189

Catherine Apcar, str.

1,731

190

15 Diamond, str.

1,030

Olifent Ellis

Straits Settlements

509 59

630

364

370

191

16 | Kintuck, str.

2,312

Kemp

195

230

192

16 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012

Morris

Bangkok

193

17 Donar, str.

1,015 German

Grundmann

127

194

ور

18 Sishan, str.

845 British

Murphy

195

18 Mongkut, str.

859

Stonham

196

18 Diamond, str.

1,432

Wilkinson

Straits Settlements

226

250

197

19 Dardanus, str..

1,507

Purdy

971

Cooktown

Townsville

Brisbane

198

ཝཱ

})

19 Changsha, str.........................

1,463

Williams

Sydney

New Zealand

Launceston

Melbourne

199

21 Wing Sang, str.

200

21 Manila, str.

201

202

* 3

22 Peru, str.

1,517 2,711 2,540 American

Ste. Croix

Straits Settlements

460 77

575

Lendon Friele

240

259

23 Kong Beng, str.

862 British

Pigot

San Francisco Bangkok

Carried forward......

336,50-1

Carried forward....

38,847 1,464 633

343

41,287

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,—Continued.

265

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS. CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM,

TOTAL.

F. M.

Brought forward.

336,504

Brought forward... 38,847| 1,464

633 343

41,287

203 May

Frigga, str.

1,295 German

Ostermann

Straits Settlements

364 15

390

201

Phra Nang, str.

1,021 British

Watton

Bangkok

205

Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012

Fowler

206

Bisagno, str.

1,499 Italian

Barabino

Straits Settlements

226) 40

207

Nam Yong, str.

984 British

Nicol

7071 45

208

28 | Arroyo, str.

2,307

Samuel

•

209

30 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

741 22

210

Pakshan, str.

835

Jenkins

Bangkok

211

Nam Yang, str.

983 German

Schulz

200

;:;:

296

772

779

200

212

Ping Suey, str.

1,982 British

Davies

Straits Settlements

2021

262

250

213

Palinurus, str...

1,536

Jackson

爷爷

214 June

Oceanic, str.

2,440

Smith

San Francisco

104

215

4 Devawongse, str.

1,057

Unsworth

Bangkok

150

216

5 Chelydra, str.

1,574

Cass

Straits Settlements

611

217

Bayern, str.

3,435 German

Schmolder

142

218

Empress of China, str.

3,003 British

Archibald

Vancouver, B.C.

154

219

Loo Sok, str.

220

Bombay, str.

1,020 2,048

Jackson

Bangkok

:224 ;

11 16

653

160

172

Sleeman

Straits Settlements

86!

221

Irene, str.

222

Kiel, str.

223

224

Victoria, str.

2,207 German

831

1,992 British

Schnder

217

101

245

Krutzfeldt

Bangkok"

126

Victoria, B.C.

Panton

Tacoma, U.S.A.

Cheang Chew, str.

225

Cardiganshire, str.

1,213 1,623

Webb Sincock

Straits Settlements

617

53 20

735

226

Lightning, str.

2,121

Sundberg

269

277

227

228

229

Cheang Hock Kian, str....

956

Kunath

311

394

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

2,275 American

Smith

San Francisco

Tartar, str.

1,568 British

Bailey

Straits Settlements

961

111

230

13 Melpomene, str.

1,848 Austrian

Brelick

174

194

231

14 Mongkut, str.

S59 British

Stonham

Bangkok

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Brisbane

232

16 Airlic, str.

1,492

Ellis

Dunedin, N.Z.

Wellington, N.Z.

Sydney

221

Melbourne

233

16 | Aglaia, str.

234

18 Deuteros, str.

235

19 Canton, str.

236

20 | Phra Chula Chom Klaos.

1,556 German 1,198 2,044 British 1,012

Petersen

Straits Settlements

188

202

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244 July

245 246

23 Japan

25 Gaelic, str.

26 Bormida, str.

26 Empress of India, str..

27 | Phra Chom Klao, str.

Kut Sang, str..............

27 Kreimhild, str.

3 Donar, str.

3 City of Peking, str. 4 Karlsruhe, str..

1,709 German 1.015

3,129 American

3,450 German

392 Italian

2,691 British

Dinse Field Morris Ganstavino

Pearne

Bangkok

921

Straits Settlements

124

134

Bangkok

Callao, Peru

در

J❘ Honolulu

113!

234

San Francisco

1,499 Italian 3.003 British 1,012 1.495

De Negri

Straits Settlements

Marshall

Vancouver, B.C.

Fowler

Bangkok

Jackson

Straits Settlements

726

771

Forck

Grundmann

Bangkok

Searle

San Francisco

Schukmann

Straits Settlements

191

247

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Cooktown

Cairns

247

7 | Guthrie, str.

1,494 British

Helms

Melbourne

New Zealand

248

7 Catherine Apcar, str.

1,734

249

9 Telamon, str.

1,555

Olifent Jackson

Straits Settlements

477

400

250

11 China, str.

2,401

Ward

San Francisco

251

11 Tritos, str.

252

13 Wing Sang, str.

1.085 German 1,517 British

Desler

Mauritius

162

Ste. Croix

Straits Settlements

188

253

13 Lawang, str.

1,637 German

254

13 Marquis Bacquchem, str.

255

.}}

14 Tacoma, str.

2,740 Austrian 1,662 British

Tacoma, U.S.A.

256

16 | Chingta, str.

1,459

Townsville

Brisbane Sydney

✪ 1 1 2 →

104

Binger Walluschnig Perkes

Port Darwin

Thursday Island Cooktown

Sydney

Melbourne

502

412

107

174

210

Innes

201

New Zealand

257

16 Formosa, str.

-17

2,616

268

17 Glenorchy, str.

1,822

Bishop Sommers

Straits Settlements

106

259

17 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

Lee

Vancouver, B.C.

161

260

23 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

Straits Settlements

454

co to i

261

25 Teucer, str.

1,803

Riley

134

262

25 Belgic, str.

2,695

Walker

San Francisco

160

ง D

106

164

480

136

172

Cooktown

Townsville

263

27 Tsinan, str.

1,460

Ramsay

Brisbane

Sydney Melbourne

261

27 Laertes, str........

1,351

265

27 Chelydra, str.

265

28 Sikh, str.

267

31 Sachsen, str.

1,574 1,736 3,435 German

Grist Cass

Straits Settlements

630

210

10 00

W to

Rowley Supmer

Tacoma, U.S.A. Straits Settlements

28 205

643

220

222

Curried forward....

450,291

Carried forward...

.50,806 1,998

877 514

54,195

266

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,--Continued.

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS. CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

JL. F

Brought forward..

450,291

Brought forward... 50,806 1,998

$77 514

54,195

268 Aug.

Java, str.

269

Rio, str.

2,632 British 1,109 German

Tillard

Straits Settlements

194 13

223

Davidsen

305 23

366

270

Peru, str.

2,540 American

Friele

San Francisco

271

3 Myrmidon, str.

1,816 British

Brown

Straits Settlements

156

164

272

Glengarry, str.

1.925

Ferguson

153

164

273

7 Lightning, str.

2,124

Sundberg

349

389

274

7 | Oanfa, str.

1.970

Davies

275

9 Hertha, str.

2.199 German

Hildebrandt

272

302

Port Darwin

276

10 Catterthun, str.

1,406 British

Shannon

Cooktown

Sydney

277

10 Oceanic, str.

2.440

278

11 Sarpedon, str.

1,571

Smith Barr

San Francisco

522

727

Straits Settlements

364 27

416

279

13 Kut Sang, str.

1,495

Jackson

131 17

456

280

13 Devawongse, str..

1.057

Unsworth

Bangkok"

100

281

Aden, str..

2,517

Hill

Straits Settlements

152

171

282

Ixion, str.

2,299

Nish

148 12

160

283

Loo Sok, str.

1,020

Jackson

Bangkok"

284

285

•

286

287

288

18 Maria Valerie, str.

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

22 Diamond, str.

24 Bellona, str.

25 Catherine Apear, str..

2.275 | American

1,030 British

Ellis

2,614 Austrian

Costanzo

Straits Settlements

276 20

321

Smith

San Francisco

75 13

120

Straits Settlements

172

485

250

356

384

289

25 | Titan, str.

1,722 German 1,734 British

Jager

Olifent

1,525

Thompson

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

290

291

292

25 Menmuir, str.

27 Japan, str.

27 Bormida, str.

1.287

George

Brisbane

Sydney

Melbourne

2,796

Hall

Straits Settlements

1.499 Italian

De Negri

293

28 | Glenesk, str.

294

29 Tantalus, str.

2.275 British 2,299

295

Gera, str.

3.407 German

296

Empress of India, str.

3,003 British

297 Sept.

Gaelic, str.

2,691

298

Wing Sang, str.

1,517

299

3 Devawongse, str.

1,057

300

5 Phra Nang, str.

1,021

301

7 Loo Sok, str.

1,020

302

111

200

Vancouver, B.C.

153

San Francisco

160

Straits Settlements

199

ོ གས 1:ཀྱི

ཙ

53;

Thursday Island Cairns

Cooktown

7 Changsha, str.

1,463

Williams

Webster

00 21 a

Hannali

Blanke

Marshall

Pearne Ste. Croix Reid Watton Jackson

Port Darwin

Bangkok

Townsville

Brisbane Sydney Melbourne Port Darwin Thursday Island Townsville

Rockhampton

130

.69

246

OWN

171

192

573

润润

303

10 Airlic, str.

1,492

Ellis

New Zealand

Sydney

Adelaide

30+

Antenor, str.

1,376

Hutchison

Straits Settlements

905

Gerda, str.

2,111 German

Ehlers

396

306

Pakshan, str.

835 British

Jenkins

Bangkok

307

Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hanscu

Straits Settlements

441

478

308

11 Vindobona, str.

2,689 Austriau

Mersa

229

309

13 City of Peking, str.

3,129 American

Searle

San Francisco

235

310

14 Malwa, str.

1,694 British

Peters

Straits Settlements

154

164

311

15 | Glenfarg, str.

2.350

Selby

219

260

312

15 Chelydra, str.

1,574

Cass

847

358

313

15 Rio, str.

1.109 Gerinan

Davidsen

767 22

789

314

Phra Chom Klao, str.

1.012: British

Fowler

Bangkok

315

18 Pathan, str..

316

19 Ajax, str.

317

20 | Empress of Japan, str.

1,762 1,477 3,003

Wright Goodman Lec

Straits Settlements

90.

Vancouver, B.C.

137

318

Donar, str.

319

21 Tacoma, str.

1,015 German

1,662 British

Grundmann

Bangkok

130

320

Oceana, str.

1,628 German

321

Siam, str......

1.589 | British

Perkes Behrens Weighill

Tacoma. U.S.A.

Straits Settlements

379

406

322

Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012

Morris

Bangkok

Honolulu

323

24 China, str.

2,401

Ward

440

San Francisco

288

324

25 Cheang Chew, str.

1.213

Webb

Straits Settlements

848

922

325

26 Darmstadt, str.

3.405 German

Hagemanu

298

312

326

26 Cheang Hye Tong, str.

923 British

Scott

498

583

327

27 Lightning, str.

2,124

Sundberg

£55

498

328

27 Machew, str.

329

28 Achilles, str.

996 1.488

Andersen

Bangkok

Harvey

Straits Settlements

-330

28 Bisagno, str.

331

28 Deuteros, str.

332

29 Malacca, str.

2.616 British

€ 333

B Palamed, str.

1.489

T +334

3 Glenavon, str.

1.912

€335

3 Diamond, str.

1,030

336

Mongkut, str,

859

1.499 Italian 1,198 German

Dinse Case

Williams

Norman Ellis

Stonham

Barabino

126

Bangkok

Straits Settlements

་་

630 S$

Curried forward.....

573,740

267

630

Bangkok

Carried forward....

64,623] 2,665 1,264 763 69,315

621

00:30 10

137

252 10

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Honghong,-Continued.

267

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M. F. M.

Brought forward...... 573,740

Brought forward... 64,623 2,665 |1,264

763

69,315

Port Darwin

Cooktown

337

Oct.

3 Taiwan, str...

1,109 British

Anderson

Townsville

Sydney

82110

Melbourne

338

5 Belgic, str.

2,695

339

5 Niobe, str.

1,440 German

Walker Pfaff

San Francisco

172

Straits Settlements

270

177

281

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Townsville

340

S Guthrie, str.

1,494 British

Helms

New Zealand

Sydney

Melbourne

341

S Loo Sok, str.

342

8 Ulysss, str.....

1,020 2.299

Jackson La Page

Bangkok

Straits Settlements

343

Kut Sang, str.......

1,495

341

9 Devawongse, str.

1,057

Jackson Reid

465

482

Bangkok

345

Empress of China, str.

3.003

Archibald

Vancouver. B.C.

170

346

Peru, str.

2,540 | American

Friele

San Francisco

347

Gisela. str.

2.643 Austrian

Mitis

Straits Settlements

451

506

348

Sikh, str.

1,736 British

Rowley

Tacoma, U.S.A.

349

Phra Nang, str.

1,021

Watton

Bangkok

350

Benlawers, str.

1,484

Webster

Straits Settlements

160

351

Catherine Apear, str................

1,734

Olifent

514

569

352

Cheang Hock Kian, str...

956

Kunath

423

137

353

Priok, str.

1,687 German

Christiansen

378

184

354

20 Mandarin, str.

1,171 British

Tripp

407

428

•

Port Darwin

Townsville

355

20 Tsinan, str.

1,460

Ramsay

/Brisbane

New Zealand

Sydney Melbourne

131

Honolulu

741

350

Oceanic, str.

2,440

Smith

392

San Francisco

307

357

24 Kong Beng, str.

$62

Pigot

Bangkok

358

25 | Velocity,

491

Martin

Honolulu

200

359

25 Kintuck, str.

2,312

Kemp

Straits Settlements

189

360

25 Wing Sang, str.

1,517

Ste. Croix

511

571

361

25 Bayern, str.

3,435 German

Schmolder

273 40

338

362

20 | Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012 British

Fowler

Bangkok

363

27 Namyong, str..

984

Bullen

Straits Settlements

416

428

364

29 Victoria, str.

1,992

Panton

Tacoma, U.S.A.

103

107

365

29 Chow Fa, str.

1,055

Farrell

Bangkok

118

366

367

368

369 Nov.

370

371

29 Bormida, str.

30 Cheang Hye Teng, str.

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

1 Arratoon Apcar, str.

3 Priam, str.

: | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s

1,499 Italian

De Negri

Straits Settlements

923 British 2,275 American

Scott

434

441

Smith

San Francisco

148

151

1,392 British

Hansen

Straits Settlements

355

386

1.803 1.012

Jackson

Morris

Bangkok

.372

5 Lothair,

373

5 Orono, str.

374

5 Cheang Chew, str.

794 Italian 1,322 British 1,213

Cafranga

Callao, Peru

Hancock

Straits Settlements

Webb

.636

684

步步

875

5 Frigga, str.

1,295 German

Madsen

162

171

376

6 Bombay, str.

2.048 British

Sleeman

252

་་

877

6 Empress of India, str..

3.003

Marshall

Vancouver, B.C.

439

143

378

6 Machew, str.

996

Anderson

Bangkok

Port Darwin

Thursday Island Cairns

Cooktown

379

6 Catterthun, str.

1,106

Shannon

112

Townsville

Brisbane

Sydney

New Zealand

380

9 Loo Sok, str.

1.020

Jackson

Bangkok

381

10 Devawongse, str.

1.057

Reid

382

10 Chelydra, str.

1.574

Cass

Straits Settlements

446

474

383

12 Ching Wo, str...

2,517

Shaw

180!

204

384

12 Glenartney, str.

1.944

McGregor

2401

251

385

Gaelic, str.

2.691

Pearne

San Francisco

4731

485

386

.་

Wuotan, str.

1.016 German

Ott

Straits Settlements

419

387

Poseidon, str.

388

Agamemnon, str.

2,443 Anstrian

1.491 British

Fellner

513

Steeves

294

ཀ╗ — "

465

566

300

.389

17 Canton, str.

2,044

Cubitt

224

390

19 Lightning, str.

2,124

Sundberg

390

417

391

19 Cheang Hock Kian, str.

956

.392

19 Irene, str....

2,207 German

Kunath Schüder

368

373

151

172

393

19 Diamond, str.

1,030 British

Ellis

452

474

394

20 Assam, str.

1.611

Leigh

124

130

395

21 Sachsen, str.

3.435 German

396

22 Rio, str.

1.109

Supmer Davidsen

3741

412

10%

106

428

397

22 Kong Beng, str.

862 British

Pigot

Bangkok

78!

398

23 Radnorshire, str..

1.889

Davies

Straits Settlements

30;

30.

399

24 City of Peking, str.

3.129 American

Ward

San Francisco

121

134

400

26 | Azamor, str..

2.005 British

Gibson

Straits Settlements

100

401

26 Kut Sang, str.....

1.495

Young

300 12

319

402

26 Namyong, str..

98.!

Bullen

405

419

403

26 Ningchow, str.

1,735

Sommer

Carried forward...

685,183

Carried forward.....

79,767 3,166 | 1,478

$55

85,266

268

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,-Continued.

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME,

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS. CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

J. F

Brought forward...... 685,183

Brought forward... 79,767| 3,166 |1,478 855

85,266

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

404 Nov.

26 Menmuir, str.

1,287 British

Townsville

Craig

Brisbane

Sydney

Adelaide

405

26 | Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012

Fowler

Bangkok

105

107

408

109

410

28 Taichiow, str.

28 Glenfruin, str..

29 Palinurus, str.

29 Shanghai, str.

29 Omega,.

862

Deans

1,892

Darke

Straits Settlements

240

1,536

Jackson

230

2,044

Crawford

238

480

Brown

Callao, Peru

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

411

►

29 Chingtu, str.

1,459

Innes

Cooktown

Townsville

Sydney

412

Bisaguo, str.

1,499 | Italian

Barabino

Straits Settlements

413 Dec.

3 Catherine Apcar, str....

1,734 British

Olifent

397

420

414

Cheang Hye Teng, str.

415 416

3 Mongkut, str.

923 859

Scott

146

156

Farrell

Bangkok

3 Tacoma, str.

1,662

Perkes

Tacoma, U.S.A.

417

};

4 China, str.

Honolulu

116

2,401

Seabury

San Francisco

533

00 00 it

697

418

Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

Lee

Victoria, B.C.

Vancouver, B.C.

345

412

419

5 Taicheong, str.

828| German

Dubne

Medan, Sumatra

101!

105

420

Nestor, str.

2,416 British

Asquith

Straits Settlements

421

6 Kreimhild, str.

1,709 German

Forck

233

249

422

6 Devawongse, str.

1,057 British

Reed

Bangkok

423

7 Mandarin, str.

1,171

Tripp

Straits Settlements

456)

476

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Cairns

424

11 Changsha, str..

Townsville

1,463

Anderson

Brisbane

Sydney

Melbourne

New Zealand

425 426

427

Belgic, str.

2,695

Wing Sang, str.

1,517

Walker Ste. Croix

San Francisco

303

307

Straits Settlements

657

Keemun, str.

1.985

Grattan

488

QT 00

694

520

428

}

Formosa, str. ..............

2,616

Bishop

341

ཡ

429

430

17 Marquis Bacquehem, str..

17 Kong Beng, str.

2,740 Austrian

Walluschnig

554

862 British

Pigot

Bangkok

431

432

17 Phra Nang, str.

19 Telamon, str.

1,021

Watton

1,555

Purdy

Straits Settlements

425

445

433

134

435

20 Aglaia, str.

20 Arratoon Apcar, str.

20 Cheang Hock Kian, str..

1.556 German

Petersen

135

160

1,392 | British

Hansen

360

379

956

Kunath

143

450

436

22 | Peru, str.

2,540 American

Friele

San Francisco

185

189

437

24 | Propontis, str..

1.390 British

Farrand

Straits Settlements

140

.438

24 Gera, str.

3,407 German

Blanke

511

549

439

27 | Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012 British

Fowler

. | Bangkok

140

440

27 Mongkut, str.

859

Farrell

Port Darwin

441

27 Airlie, str.

1,492

Ellis

Cooktown Townsville New Zealand

Sydney

Melbourne

412

28 Sikh, str.

1,736

413

29 Chelydra, str.

1,571

Rowley Cass

Tacoma, U.S.A.

Straits Settlements

5$1

600

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

441

•

31 Tai Yuan, str..

Cooktown

1,459

Nelson

Townsville

Sydney

Melbourne

445

31 Orestes, str.

2,846

446

31 Lawang, str.

447

31 Bormida, str.

1,637 German 1,499 Italian

Pulford Formes

Straits Settlements

214

215

142

De Negri

448

31 Nam Yong, str.

984 British

Bullen

2801

286

449

31 Oopack, str..

2,517

Perrelle

323

་་

334

450

31 Taichiow, str.

451

31 Java, str.

862 2,632

Deans

Bangkok

Tillard

Straits Settlements

120

126-

TOTAL TONS..........

763,821

TOTAL PASSENGERS

90,224|3,393 | 1,577

901

96,095

Toxs.

7,000,000

6.900,000

6.800,000

€,700,000

6,600,000

6,500,000

6,400,000

6,500,000

6,200,000

6,100,000

6,000,000

5,900,000

5,800,000

5:700,000

5,600,000

5,500,000

5.400,000

5,300,000

5.200,000

5,100,000

5,000,000

4,900,000

4,800,000

4,700,000

4,600,000

4,500,000

4.400,000

4,300,000

1,200,000

XXII-DIAGRAM of Trade entered at Hongkong,,

(

RED LINE represents British Shipping Tonnage on

BLUE LINE represents Foreign Shipping Tonnage

GREEN LINE represents British and Foreign Ship,

YELLOW LINE represents Junk Tonnage only, excl

THICK BLACK LINE represents entire Trade in Bi

1867.

1868.

1869.

1870.

1871.

1872.

1873.

1874.

1875.

1876.

1877.

1878.

1879.

1880.

1881.

1882.

1883.

at Hongkong, from 1867 to 1894, inclusive.

ping Tonnage only.

hipping Tonnage only.

and Foreign Shipping Tonnage.

Tonnage only, excluding Local Trade.

entire Trade in British and Foreign Ships and Junks.

1879.

1880.

1881.

1882.

1883.

1884.

1885.

1886.

1887.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

TONS.

7,000,000

6,900,000

6,800,000

6,700,000

6,600,000

6,500,000

6,400,000

6,300,000

6,200,000

6,100,000

6,000,000

5,900,000

5,800,000

5,700,000

5,600,000

5,500,000

5,400,000

5 300,000

5,200,000

5,100,000

5,000,000

4,900,000

+,800,000

4:700,000

4,600,000

4,500,000

4.400,000

4.300.000

269

4,700,000

4,600,000

4,500,000

4.400,000

4,300,000

4,200,000

4,100,000

4,000,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700,000

3,600,000

3,500,000

3,400,000

3,300,000

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

2,700,000

2,600,000

2,500,000

2,400,000

2,300,000

2,200,000

2,100,000

2,000,000

1,900,000

1,800,000

1,700,000

1,600,000

1,500,000

1,400,000

1,300,000

1,200,000

1,100,000

1,000,000

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

+:700,000

4,600,000

4,500,000

4,400,000

4,300,000

4,200,000

4,100,000

4,000,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700,000

3,600,000

3,500,000

3,400,000

3,300,000

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

2,700,000

2,600,000

2,500,000

2,400,000

2,300,000

2,200,000

2,100,000

2,000,000

1,900,000

1,800,000

1,700,000

1,500,000

1,400,000

1,300,000

1,200,000

1,100,000

1,000,000

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300.000

............

دن نازل بالورد

3,800,000

3,700,000

3,600,000

3,500,000

3,400,000

3,300,000

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

2,700,000

2,600,000

2,500,000

2,400,000

2,300,000

2,200,000

2,100,000

2,000,000

1,900,000

1,800,000

1,700,000

1,600,000

1,500,000

1,400,000

1,300,000

1,200,000

1,100,000

1,000,000

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

3,8ဝ၁,ဝ၁၁

3,700,000

3,600,000

3,500,000

3,400,000

3,300,000

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

2,700,000

2,600,000

2,500,000

2,400,000

2,300,000

2,200,000

2,100,000

2,000,000

,၄၁၁,၁၁ဝ

1,8၁ဝ,ဝ၁၁

1,700,000

1,500,000

1,400,000

1,300,000

1,200,000

1,100,000

1,000,000

9၁၁,၁၁၁

8,၀၁၁

၁၁,၁၁၁

၆၁၁,၁၁၁

၁၁,ဝ၁၁

၁၁,၁၁၁

၁,၀၁၁

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,--Continued.

From Bangkok, Siam,

Callao, Peru,

Honolulu, Sandwich Islands,

Mauritius,

Medan, Sumatra,

Melbourne,

New South Wales Ports,

New Zealand Ports,

Queensland Ports,

Samarang, Java..............

San Francisco, U.S.A.,

South Australian Ports,

Straits Settlements,

Tacoma, U.S.A.,

Tasmania,

Victoria, British Columbia,

Vancouver, British Columbia,

SUMMARY.

271

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

TOTAL.

M. F M F.

5,524 5

196

958

290

2426

5,539

223 1,027

325

310 326

363

646

651

138

417

5,655

255 176

153

6,239

237

245

72,455 3,057 | 1,307

702

77,521

515

524

2,153

2,209

311

322

TOTAL PASSENGERS,

90,224 3,393 1,577

901

96,095

XXI.--RETURN of MARINE CASES tried at the MARINE MAGISTRATE's Court, during the year 1894.

DEFENDANTS HOW DISPosed of.

NATURE OF CHARGE.

No. of Cases.

Absent from Ship without leave,..

Assault,

Drunkenness,

Harbour Regulations-Breach of (Junk),

Harbour Regulations-Breach of (Steam-launch),

Refusal of duty,......

Years.

Total,

15 47

...

| Fined.

...

of pay.

Reprimand-

ed.

Dismissed.

Forfeiture

...

Amount of Fines.

...

XXIII.-RETURN of WORK performed by the GOVERNMENT Marine Surveyor's DepartMENT.

Lights and

Markings.

Minor Inspec-

tion.

Survey of Licen-

Steam-launches. sed Passenger

Survey of Boilers under

Construction.

Inspection of Government

Launches.

Examination

of Engineers.

Examination of

neers for Steam- Chinese Engi-

launches.

number of visits in

Estimated total

connection with for- eign Inspection.

1887,.....

153

101

1888,....

161

1889,................

130

1890,..

112

1891,......

108

5 2 * 0

1892,.

122

≈ 8 8 3 2 68

1893,...

136

1894,..

124

+2=2

...

116

2 2 8 5 8 2 A

2 0 2 2 6 13

930

1,042

1,127

986

1,615

1,678

1,659

1,364

272

XXIV.-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OFFICE.

IMPORTS.

MALWA. PATNA.

BENARES. PERSIAN.

TURKISH.

CHINESE. TOTAL.

chests.

1893,...

9,803

17,935

6,674

4,684

39,098

1894,.....

10,910

18,314

7,252

5,092

41,578

Increase,.

1,107

379

578

408

2,480

Decrease,..

EXPORTS.

MALWA.

PATNA.

BENARES. PERSIAN.

TURKISH.

CHINESE.

TOTAL,

chests.

1893,......

10,6951

18,196

7,894

6,690

43,549

1894,....

10,196

17,320

6,857

4,556

38,978

Decrease,

499

876

1,037

2,134

4,571

Through Cargo reported in Manifests, but not landed, 1994,

1893,...... 1894,.

16,608 chests. 22,986 39

Increase,...

6,3771

Landing Permits,

Removal Permits,

Exports Permits,

NUMBER OF PERMITS, &c. ISSUED.

Permits to Chinese Customs' Station, Sam-shui-poo, Memo. of Exports to the Commissioner of Chinese

By Steamers to Adelaide,

Amoy,

Bombay,

British Columbia,

British North Borneo,.

Bunder Abbas,

Bushire,

Canton,

Chefoo,...

Foochow,

Formosa,

Haiphong,

Hankow,

Hoihow,

London,

Macao,

Pakhoi,.

1893.

1894.

Increase.

Decrease.

404

533

129

.12,439

10,879

8,553

7,537

342

207

...

1,560 1,016 135

525

535

SUMMARY OF EXPORTS, 1894.

Philippine Islands,

San Francisco,

Shanghai,......

Straits Settlements,...........................

Swatow,

By Junks to various adjacent Ports in China,..

TOTAL,....

Total

Malwa Patna Benares Persian Turkish Chests. Chests. Chests. Chests. Chests. Chests.

Total in piculs.

•

1231

...

2,039

594

2,815

1.2 3,249.95

...

167 2

2.5

167

200.4

23.125

13.325

4.1

1,217

4,098

1,173

...

6,489

7,543.725

14 2,314 53

1,193

133

364

4,004

179 3,321

...

3,569 60

243

15.2

4,278.8 3,691.025

72.

105.6

251

300.

...

4,175

130

108

330

222

4,207

44. 5,047.4

238

285.6

400

3,650 9

4,633

2,514

10,800

480.

6. 12,229.475

156

2,485

1,915

498

232 4,991

249.8

5,475.925

255

279

...

550

608.65

10,196 17,320

6,857

4,556

The information in column 7 above is on the following assumption :---

Patna and Benares per chest,

Malwa and Turkish

Persian per chest,....

49 38,978 44,358.825

..1.20 piculs. ..1.

.1.025 "

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 1.

TUESDAY, 26TH FEBRUARY, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.)

The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE

STEWART LOCKHART).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-Innes).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 24th December last, were read and confirmed. PAPERS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

(1) Report by Messrs. COODE SON & MATTHEWS on the Gap Rock Lighthouse.

(2) Report on the Widows' and Orphans' Fund for the year 1894.

(3) Report of the Superintendent of Victoria Gaol for 1894.

(4) Report of the Head Master of Queen's College for 1894.

VOTES REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.S.O. 1319 of 1894.

C.S.O.

2098 of 1894.

C.S.O.

137 of 1895.

C.S.0.

418 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty thousand Dollars, ($20,000), for the purchase of a Floating Fire Engine.

Government House, Hongkong, 19th January, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Seven hundred and Fifty Dollars, ($1,750), for the purchase of conservancy buckets.

Government House, Hongkong, 25th January, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd January, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five hundred Dollars, ($500), for the construction of a new Buoy to mark the position of the Bokhara Rock.

Government House, Hongkong, 20th February, 1895.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

→

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO PREVENT THE SKETCHING OF DEFENCES."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the suspension of the Standing Rules and Orders.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

JURY LIST, 1895.-There being no strangers present, the Council proceeded to consider the Jurors List for 1895.

The List was duly revised, corrected, and Special Jurors designated in terms of Section 8 of Ordinance 18 of 1887.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until Tuesday, the 12th March.

Read and confirmed, this 12th day of March, 1895.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 2.

TUESDAY, 12TH ARCH, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE

STEWART LOCKHART).

the Acting Attorney General, (ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Q.C.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFREd Cooper).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G. ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 26th ultimo, were read and confirmed.

NEW MEMBERS. -ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Esquire, and ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON, Esquire, took their seats respectively as Acting Attorney General and Acting Colonial Treasurer after having severally taken the Oath and made the Affirmation required by The Promissory Oaths Ordinance 1869.

PAPERS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :--

(1) Statement showing the total Revenue and Expenditure in the (2) Report of the Captain Superintendent of Police for 1894.

year 1894.

(3) Letter No. 385 of the 27th February from the Acting Colonial Secretary to the Harbour

Master relative to the alleged existence of corruption in the Harbour Department.

(4) Financial Statement for 1894.

C.S.O.

522 of 1895.

C.S.O.

564 of 1895,

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

Government House, Hongkong, 8th March, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two hundred and Seventy Dollars, ($270), being salary of an Overseer at the New Central Market, from 1st April next, at $30 per month.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th March, 1895.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS.-On the motion of the Acting Colonial Secretary, the consideration of certain Bye-laws made by the Sanitary Board on the 4th instant under section 13 of Ordinance 15 of 1894 were, at the request of Mr. KESWICK, postponed until the next meeting.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND AND CONSOLIDATE THE LAW RELATING TO THE CAR- RIAGE AND POSSESSION OF DEADLY WEAPONS."--The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO DECLARE THE EFFECT OF ORDINANCES REPEALING OTHERS.' The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded. Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until Wednesday, the 20th instant.

Read and confirmed, this 20th day of March, 1895.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor,

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 3.

WEDNESDAY, 20TM MARCH, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE.

STEWART LOCKHART).

the Acting Attorney General, (ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Q.C.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON),

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G. ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 12th instant, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.-The Governor, referring to the Statement of Revenue and Expenditure laid before the Council at its last Meeting, explained the cause of the discrepancy between the actual balance in hand as shewn therein and the amount stated by His Excellency at the Meeting held on the 29th November last.

PAPERS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

(1) Statement of Water Account to 31st December, 1894.

(2) Returns of Superior and Subordinate Courts for 1894.

(3) Report on the Resumption of certain Properties in the Taipingshan District in the City

of Victoria.

(4) Secretary of State's Circular Despatch respecting Colonial Military Lands and Buildings. REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.--The Acting Colonial Secretary laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee dated 12th March, 1895, (No. 2 of 1895), and moved that it be adopted.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary laid on the table certain Bye-laws made by the Sanitary Board on the 19th March, 1895, under section 13 of Ordinance 15 of 1894, and moved that they be approved.

The Acting Attorney General seconded.

Mr. CHATER addressed the Council and moved as an amendment that the Bye-laws except Bye- law 31 be passed.

Mr. KESWICK seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO REGULATE THE ISSUE OF BANK NOTES."--The Acting Attorney General moved that the Standing Orders be suspended.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Committee on the Bill.

Bill reported with the blanks filled in.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do Bill passed.

pass.

BILL ENTITLED

"AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND AND CONSOLIDATE THE LAW RELATING TO THE CARRIAGE AND POSSESSION OF DEADLY WEAPONS."-The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Bill entitLED

AN ORDINANCE TO DECLARE THE EFFECT OF ORDINANCES REPEALING OTHERS.' The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Committee on the Bill.

Bill reported with a verbal amendment.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.--The Conncil then adjourned until Thursday, the 28th instant.

Read and confirmed this 26th day of March, 1895.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 4.

TUESDAY, 26TH MARCII, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

LOCKHART).

the Acting Attorney General, (ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Q.C.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to notice.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 20th instant, were read and confirmed.

COLONIAL SECRETARY.-- His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council respecting the appointment of Mr. STEWART LOCKHART as Colonial Secretary in succession to Sir GEORGE OBRIEN, retired.

Mr. STEWART LOCKHART then took the Oath of the office, and addressed the Council.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE PUBLIC HEALTH ORDINANCE, 1887,' IN RELATION

TO COMMON LODGING HOUSES."-His Excellency addressed the Council.

The Acting Attorney General addressed the Council, and moved the first reading of the Bill. The Colonial Secretary seconded, and addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Acting Attorney General moved that the Standing Orders be suspended.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Committee on the Bill.

Bill reported with a verbal amendment.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Dr. Ho KAI addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do Bill passed.

pass.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned until Thursday, the 28th instant.

Read and confirmed, this 28th day of March, 1895.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 5.

THURSDAY, 28TH MARCII, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

LOCKHART).

the Acting Attorney General, (ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Q.C.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer. (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 26th instant, were read and confirmed. PAPERS. The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

(1) Report of the Sanitary Surveyor for 1894.

(2) Scheme for the Improvement of the Resumed Area in the District of Taipingshan.

The Colonial Secretary moved that the Report of the Director of Public Works respecting the scheme for the Improvement of the Resumed Area in the District of Taipingshan be referred to the Public Works Committee.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.S.O.

585 of 1895.

C.O. Tel. 15.3.95.

C.S.0.

708 of 1995.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

Government House, Hongkong, 21st March, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to re-vote the sum of Fifty-eight thousand Dollars, ($58,000), for payment of Exchange Compensation in respect of 1894.

(The above is approximately the unexpended balance of the sum previously voted.) Government House, Hongkong, 25th March, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six hundred Dollars, ($600), for the salaries of the Chinese staff at the new Sheep and Swine Depôt.

Government House, Hongkong, 26th March, 1895.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table certain Bye-laws for the regulation of the public depôts for sheep and swine, made by the Sanitary Board on the 14th instant, and moved their adoption.

The Acting Attorney General seconded.

The Acting Treasurer addressed the Council suggesting postponement. Question postponed.

BILL ENTITLED “AN ORDINANCE TO ENABLE THE GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL TO RESTRICT THE IMMI- GRATION OF CHINESE INTO THE COLONY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH.”—The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

199

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE WATER WORKS ORDINANCE, 1890.'' The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Director of Public Works seconded. Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE FOR REGULATING THE LICENSI G OF PRIVATE VEHICLES.”—The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

{

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE BUILDING ORDINANCE, 1889.'"-The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED

"AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND AND CONSOLIDATE THE LAW RELATING TO THE CARRIAGE AND POSSESSION OF DEADLY WEAPONS."-The Acting Attorney General moved that the Council do resolve itself into Committee to consider this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Mr. KESWICK moved as an amendment that the consideration be postponed. Mr. MCCONACHIE seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

· ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned until Thursday, the 4th proximo.

Read and confirmed this 4th day of April, 1895.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 6.

THURSDAY, 4TH APRIL, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEwart

LOCKHART).

the Acting Attorney General, (ANDREW JOHN LEACH, Q.C.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

ག

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G. ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 28th ultimo, were read and confirmed.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee dated 28th March, 1895, (No. 3), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

FINANCIAL MINUTE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minute, and moved that it be referred to the Finance Committee :-

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

C.S.0.

707 of 1895.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand Dollars, ($3,000), for certain additions to the Sheep and Swine Depôts, recommended by the Sanitary Board.

(The estimated cost of the above is approximately $7,000, and the available balance of

the sum already voted is $4,000.)

Government House, Hongkong, 28th March, 1895.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAW.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table an Additional Bye-law (No. 31), made by the Sanitary Board on the 28th March, 1895, under section 13 of Ordinance 15 of 1894, and moved that it be approved.

The Acting Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

BILL ENTITLED

{

AN ORDINANCE TO REPEAL ORDINANCE No. 1 of 1864, ENTITLED AN ORDI- NANCE TO PROVIDE FOR CONVERSION OF BRITISH CURRENCY IN ALL PAYMENTS BY OR TO THE Govern- MENT. -The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

197

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED (3 AN ORDINANCE TO ENABLE THE GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL TO RESTRICT THE IMMI- GRATION OF CHINESE INTO THE COLONY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH.' -The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill.

Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

On the motion of the Acting Attorney General the Council resolved itself into Committee on the

Bill reported with verbal amendments.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third realing of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND AND CONSOLIDATE THE LAW RELATING TO THE CARRIAGE AND POSSESSION OF DEADLY WEAPONS."-The Acting Attorney General moved that the Council do resolve itself into Committee on this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded. Question-put and agreed to.

Committee on the Bill.

Progress reported.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE WATER WORKS ORDINANCE, 1890.'"- The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

On the motion of the Acting Attorney General the Council resolved itself into Committee on the Bill.

Bill reported with verbal amendments.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE BUILDING ORDINANCE, 1889.'"--The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

On the motion of the Acting Attorney General the Council went into Committee on the Bill. On the motion of His Excellency, seconded by the Colonial Secretary, that section 3 stand part of the Bill, Mr. MCCONACHIE moved as an amendment the omission of the words after the words "The Building Ordinance, 1889," in the sixth line from the bottom, and inserting in lieu thereof the following, viz. :-In the event of the information contained in such notice being proved to be materially incorrect, the person signing the same shall be notified to that effect by the Director of Public Works, and if, after stated reasonable time, the information contained in his notice is still found to be incorrect he shall be liable on summary conviction before a Magistrate to a penalty not exceeding $25 in respect of every such notice.

Mr. CHATER seconded.

The Council divided.

For.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.

Mr. BELILIOS.

Dr. Ho KAI.

Mr. KESWICK.

Mr. CHATER.

Amendment lost by a majority of 1.

Bill reported without amendment.

Against.

The Harbour Master.

The Director of Public Works. The Acting Colonial Treasurer. The Acting Attorney General. The Colonial Secretary.

His Excellency the Governor.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until Thursday, the 11th instant.

Read and confirmed, this 11th day of April, 1895.

ARATHOON SETII,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 7.

THURSDAY, 11TH APRIL, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

LOCKHART).

the Acting Attorney General, (ALFRED GASCOYNE WISE).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 4th instant, were read and confirmed.

NEW MEMBER.--Mr. ALFRED GASCOYNE WISE took his seat as Acting Attorney General, after having taken the Oath prescribed by The Promissory Oaths Ordinance, 1869.

FINANCIAL MINUTE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minute and moved that it be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.O.D.

5 of 1895

and

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Oue thousand Three hundred and 32 of 1895. Twenty-four Dollars, ($1,324), in respect of additions to the salaries of the under mentioned Officers as from the 1st January, 1895, as sanctioned by the Secretary of State on the recom- mendation of the Retrenchment Committee:-

$600.

$120 (for knowledge of Chinese).

.$204.

The Steward of the Government Civil Hospital,...$120. Inspector Germain, Sanitary Department,

The Colonial Veterinary Surgeon,

The Head Bailiff, Supreme Court,

Government House, Hongkong, 8th April, 1895.

The 2nd Bailiff, Supreme Court,

$280.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee dated the 4th April, 1895, (No. 4), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table

the following papers :-

(1) Registrar General's Report for the

year 1894.

(2) The Harbour Master's Report for 1894.

3) Medical Report on the Epidemic of Bubonic Plague in 1894.

BILL ENTITLED (4 AN ORDINANCE TO CONFER CERTAIN POWERS AND AUTHORITIES ON THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH."--The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question--put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED .66

AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND AND CONSOLIDATE THE LAW RELATING TO THE CARRIAGE AND POSSESSION OF DEADLY WEAPONS.”—On the motion of the Acting Attorney General, the Council resumed Committee on this Bill.

Bill reported with verbal amendments and addition of schedules.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-—The Council then adjourned until Wednesday, the 17th instant, at 3 P.M.

Read and confirmed this 17th day of April, 1895.

J. G. T. Buckle, Acting Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No.

No. S.

THURSDAY, 17TH APRIL, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

LOCKHART).

•

the Acting Attorney General, (ALFRED GASCOYNE WISE.).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK,

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 11th instant, were read and confirmed.

PAPER.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Superintendent of Fire Brigade for 1894.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee dated 11th April, 1895, (No. 5), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded. Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.-The Director of Public Works laid on the table the report of the Public Works Committee dated 11th April, 1895, (No. 1), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

BILL ENTITLED (6

AN ORDINANCE TO CONFER CERTAIN POWERS AND AUTHORITIES ON THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH."--The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill.

Dr. Ho KAI opposed the motion and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary replied.

Mr. MCCONACHIE addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to, Dr. Ho KAI dissenting.

Bill read a second time.

On the motion of the Acting Attorney General, seconded by the Colonial Secretary, the Council went into Committee on the Bill.

Bill reported as amended in Committee.

The Council resumed.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to, Dr. Ho KAI dissenting.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until Wednesday, the 1st May, 1895, at 3 P.M.

Read and confirmed this 23rd day of May, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE,

Acting Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, NO. 9.

THURSDAY, 23RD MAY, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

LOCKHART).

the Acting Attorney General, (ALFRED GASCOYNE WISE).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON ),

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

198

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

The Council met pursuant to summons, the Meeting adjourned till the 1st May being further adjourned by command of His Excellency the Governor.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 17th April, were read and confirmed.

NEW MEMBER.--Mr. BELL-IRVING took the Oath of Allegiance on his provisional appointment to a seat in the Council.

PAPERS.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers:-

(1) Report of the Pó Léung Kuk Society for the nine months ending 31st December, 1894. (2) Statement of Disbursements for Forestry Works in the Years 1896 and 1897.

(3) Report of the Director of Public Works for 1894.

(4) Reports on the Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

(5) Returns of Superior and Subordinate Courts for 1894.

(6) Supplementary Report of the Retrenchment Committee on the Public Works Depart-

ment.

(7) Report of the Medical Committee.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee:-

FINANCIAL MINUTE, No. 12.

C.5.0.

1223 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

(The above is the unexpended balance of the sum voted for the above work for 1894.) Government House, Hongkong, 4th May, 1895.

FINANCIAL MINUTE, No. 13.

€.5.0.

1440 of 1825.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty thousand Dollars, ($20,000), for expenses incurred in connection with the Resumption of Taipingshan.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd May, 1895.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS.-The Colonial Secretary laid on the table certain Bye-laws made by the Sanitary Board on the 11th April, 1895, under section 13, sub-section 4, of The Public Health Ordinance, 1887, and moved that they be approved.

The Acting Attorney General seconded. Question-put and agreed to.

MOTION.--The Colonial Secretary moved as follows:-

That the Council having considered the following Statement by the Superintendent of the Botanical and Afforestation Department resolves that it is expedient to incur the liability proposed to be incurred in 1897.

Statement showing Disbursements for Forestry Works in the years 1896 and 1897, for which contracts have been already made, and those for which contracts now require to be made.

APPROVED BY LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,

C.S.O. No. $81

1894

Estimated total cost.

To be disbursed in 1896.

To be disbursed in 1897.

1. Rearing Trees to be planted in 1896,......

1,000.00

2. Planting Trees being reared under No. 1,.........

1,600.00

Contracts to be now made which require approval:-

3. Rearing Trees to be planted in 1897,...........

4. Planting Trees,..

900.00

1,100.00

4,600.00

2,600.00

900.00

1,100.00

2,000.00

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded. Question--put and agreed to.

CHARLES FORD, Superintendent, Botanical and Afforestation Department.

The Colonial Secretary seconded. Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

MAL

BILL ENTITLED. "AN ORDINANCE TO REGULATE AND RESTRICT THE WEARING OF NAVAL AND MILITARY UNIFORMS."-The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Acting Attorney General moved the suspension of the Standing Rules and Orders. The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED

AN ORDINANCE TO MAKE PROVISIONS FOR THE FURTHERANCE OF THE MORE EFFECTUAL ENFORCEMENT OF SANITARY MEASURES."-The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Acting Attorney General moved the suspension of the Standing Rules and Orders. The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Director of Public Works seconded and addressed the Council. Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported with amendinents.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED “AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE RATING ORDINANCE, 1888."-The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

{

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE CROWN REMEDIES ORDINANCE, 1875."-The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED “AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE MAGISTRATES ORDINANCE, (10 OF 1890)."- The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Acting Attorney General moved the suspension of the Standing Rules and Orders. The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND ORDINANCE No. 17 OF 1887."-The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Acting Attorney General moved the suspension of the Standing Rules and Orders.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question -put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE FOR REGULATING THE LICENSING OF PRIVATE VEHICLES."--The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded and addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned until Thursday, the 30th instant, at 3.30 P.M.

Read and confirmed this 6th day of June, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 10.

THURSDAY, 6TH JUNE, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

१७

);

LOCKHART).

the Acting Attorney General, (ALFRED GASCOYNE WISE).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED Cooper).

the Acting Harbour Master, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLAND HASTINGS, R.N.).

the Postmaster General, (ARTHUR KENNEDY TRAVERS). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

The Council met pursuant to summons, the Meeting adjourned till the 30th May being further postponed by command of His Excellency the Governor.

NEW MEMBERS.-Commander HASTINGS, Acting Harbour Master, and Mr. A. K. TRAVERS, Postmaster General, took the Oath of Allegiance on their provisional appointment to seats on the Council in the place of Commander RUMSEY, Harbour Master, and Mr. F. H. MAY, Captain Superin- tendent of Police, absent on leave.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 23rd May, were then read and confirmed.

PAPERS. The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

(1) Report of the Director of the Observatory for 1894.

(2) Sanitary Superintendent's Report for the year 1894.

(3) Report of the Superintendent of the Botanical and Afforestation Department for 1894. (4) Colonial Veterinary Surgeon's Report for the

year 1894.

(5) Blue Book for 1894.

PERSONAL STATEMENT.-Mr. MCCONACHIE, with the permission of His Excellency the Governor, made a personal statement-

"At the meeting of Council on the 17th April I read out an extract from the Report of the Medical Committee, of which I had the honour of being a member. The fair copy came in to me for It was signature an hour or so before the meeting of Council I have just referred to. accompanied by the draft copy previously initialed by all members. I compared both copies and found them the same word for word, and appended my signature Knowing that the Ordinance to confer certain powers and authorities on the Medical Officer of Health would come up for discussion that afternoon, I made a hurried pencil extract from the Report in How I case I might find it useful, and it was from that hurried pencil note I read out. came to leave out certain words I cannot explain. It was entirely accidental, and I had no motive and certainly I never intended to do so. I now express my regret to the Government for the omission.'

The Colonial Secretary briefly replied.

NOTICE OF QUESTION.—Mr. BELILIOS gave notice that at the next Meeting of Council he would ask the following question:

Is it the intention of the Government to invite competitive designs from local architects for the proposed new Government offices, or do the Government propose that the design shall be prepared, and the work carried out by the Public Works Department,

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee dated the 23rd May, 1895, (No. 9), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.--The Director of Public Works laid on the table the report of the Public Works Committee dated 23rd May, 1895, (No. 2), and moved its adoption in au address to the Council.

Mr. CHATER seconded and addressed the Council.

Mr. BELILIOS moved the following amendment and addressed the Council:--

That, before a final decision as to the condemned area in Taipingshan be arrived at, a Committee, formed of representatives of the Community, to consist of Messrs. Granville Sharp, W. Danby, S. G. Bird and A. Denison, be appointed to associate themselves with the Honour- able Director of Public Works and jointly give a report on the best means of disposing of property resumed by Government.

The Director of Public Works replied.

Mr. BELILIOS' amendment not being seconded, the motion of the Director of Public Works was carried, and the Report of the Public Works Committee adopted, Mr. BELILIOS dissenting.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO SUPPLEMENT ORDINANCE 8 OF 1895." ("THE ARMS CON- SOLIDATION ORDINANCE, 1895.")-The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Acting Attorney General moved the suspension of the Standing Rules and Orders. The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED แ AN ORDINANCE FOR THE NATURALIZATION OF SAMUEL DONNENBERG."-The Acting Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Acting Attorney General moved the suspension of the Standing Rules and Orders.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE RATING ORDINANCE, 1888,' and BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE CROWN REMEDIES ORDINANCE, 1875.'"-The Colonial Secretary moved that these Bills be discharged from the Orders of the Day.

The Acting Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND ORDINANCE No. 17 of 1887." ("THE CATTLE DISEASES, SLAUGHTER-HOUSES AND MARKETS ORDINANCE, 1887.")-Council in Committee on the Bill.

Bill reported unamended.

The Acting Attorney General moved that the Council resume.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Acting Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED

AN ORDINANCE TO AUTHORISE THE APPROPRIATION OF A SUPPLEMENTARY SUM

OF THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIVE DOLLARS AND Eighty-Eight CENTS TO DEFRAY THE CHARGES OF THE YEAR 1894."-The Acting Colonial Treasurer moved the second reading of the Bill and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

The Council then adjourned until the Bill had been considered in Finance Committee.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

Bill reported and recommended by the Finance Committee.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Bill reported unamended.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time and passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council and made an order for adjournment sine die.

Read and confirmed this 16th day of August, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

י.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 11.

FRIDAY, 16TH AUGUST, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

LOCKHART).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED Cooper).

the Acting Harbour Master, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLAND HASTINGS, R.N.).

the Postmaster General, (ARTHUR KENNEDY TRAVERS).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 6th June, were read and confirmed.

His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council.

PAPERS. The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

(1) The Acting Assessor's Report on the Assessment for 1895-96.

(2) The Postmaster General's Report for 1894.

(3) The Educational Report for 1894.

(4) Despatches with reference to the Military Contribution and Barrack Accommodation

for the Garrison at Hongkong.

(5) Despatch respecting Ordinance 1 of 1864 and its Repeal.

(6) The Colonial Surgeon's Report for 1894.

Report on the Progress of the Public Works during the first half-year 1895.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee dated 6th June, 1895, (No. 7), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.-The Director of Public Works laid on the table the report of the Public Works Committee dated 6th June, 1895, (No. 3), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS.-The Colonial Secretary laid on the table certain Bye-laws made by the Sanitary Board on the 1st August, 1895, under section 13, sub-sections 14 and 23, of The Public Health Ordinance, 1887, and moved that they be approved.

The Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

RESOLUTION.-The Colonial Secretary moved as follows:-

1. "That the percentages on the valuation of tenements in Yaumati and Kowloon Point at present payable as rates under The Rating Ordinance, 1888, as amended by Ordi- nance 5 of 1892 be altered from 101 per cent. to 121 per cent.

2. "That the percentages on the valuation of tenements in Hung Hom at present payable as rates under The Rating Ordinance, 1888, as amended by Ordinance 5 of 1892 be altered from 8 per cent. to 102 per cent."

3. That the percentages on the valuation of tenements in Mong Kok Tsui at present payable as rates under The Rating Ordinance, 1888, as amended by Ordinance 5 of 1892 be altered from 7 per cent. to 9 per cent.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

QUESTION.-Mr. BELILIOS, pursuant to notice, asked the following question :-

The Colonial Secretary replied.

NOTICE OF QUESTION.-Mr. BELILIOS gave notice that at the next Meeting of Council he would ask the following question:-

•

In the report of the Director of the Observatory for 1894 the fourth paragraph runs:

last annual report I stated that Victoria Peak and Gap Rock would shortly be placed in direct communication with the Observatory. This improvement has not yet been effected, and the wind observations made at Victoria Peak are often received too late for insertion in the China Coast Register, and latterly no observations have been received until about 2.30 p.m. and frequently later than this each day. This apparently arises to a great extent from the roundabout method by which the observations are forwarded to the United Telegraph Offices in Queen's Road for transmission to the Observatory. The importance of the wind observations from Victoria Peak has frequently been insisted on by me, but their value is at once discounted through the delay in transmission." In view of the great importance of the storm warnings to the shipping of the port, and the impossibility of the Director of the Observatory giving accurate weather forecasts unless supplied with the wind observations promptly, may I ask if steps have since been taken to ensure the early and regular transmis- sion of such observations from the Peak and Gap Rock to the Observatory, and to whose neglect was due the delay in carrying into thorough effect so obviously necessary a system of communication?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

BILL ENTITLED

reading of the Bill.

"THE RIVER STEAMERS ORDINANCE."-The Attorney General moved the first-

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Attorney General moved the suspension of the Standing Rules and Orders.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported with a verbal amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED (6 AN ORDINANCE TO PROHIBIT THE DEFACING OR CHOPPING OF BRITISH DOLLARS.' The Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE TRADE MARKS ORDINANCES, (Nos. 16 OF 1873 and 8 of 1886).”—The Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment..

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE MERCHANT SHIPPING CONSOLIDATION ORDINANCE, No. 26 OF 1891."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

•

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO REPEAL ORDINANCE No. 1 OF 1864, ENTITLED AN ORDI- NANCE TO PROVIDE FOR CONVERSION OF BRITISH CURRENCY IN ALL PAYMENTS BY OR TO THE Govern- MENT.'"-The Attorney General addressed the Council and moved that the Bill be withdrawn.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

ADJOURNMENT.-His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council and made an order for adjournment sine die.

Read and confirmed this 25th day of November, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 12.

MONDAY, 25TH NOVEMBER, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

LOCKHART).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

وو

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED Cooper).

the Acting Harbour Master, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLAND HASTINGS, R.N.).

the Postmaster General, (ARTHUR KENNEDY TRAVERS).

}}

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

NEW MEMBER.-Mr. A. MCCONACHIE took the oath of allegiance on his provisional appointment to a seat in the Council.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 16th August, were read and confirmed.

PAPERS. The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

(1) Report shewing progress of special work carried out for the prevention of the further

spread of bubonic plague.

(2) Statement of Plague Expenditure.

FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.S.O.

1867 of 1895.

C.S.O. 2839 of 1895.

C.S.O.

2792 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two thousand Four hundred Dollars, ($2,400), in aid of the vote for Incidental Expenses in the Sanitary Department.

Government House, Hongkong, 22nd June, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Ten thousand Dollars, ($10,000), in aid of the vote "Repairs of Buildings."

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand Five hundred Dollars, ($1,500), in aid of the vote for "Maintenance of Sewers," (Public Works Annually Recurrent).

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

C.5.0.

2429 of 1895.

C.S.O.

1609 of 1895.

C.S.O. 2423 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

•

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Four thousand and Six hundred Dollars, ($4,600), to meet the following expenses in the Police Department :-

For Passages and Bonuses,

•

For Incidental Expenses,

.$3,000

1,600

C.S.O. 2691 of 1895.

C.S.O. 2666 of 1895.

C.S.O. 2889 of 1895.

C.S.O. 9368 of 1895.

€.8.0. 2464 of 1995.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five thousand Dollars, ($5,000), for carrying out certain works in connection with the Taipingshan Improvement Scheme.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two hundred Dollars, ($200), in aid of the vote for "Government Marine Surveyor, Other Charges, coal, oil, and water for Steam-launch.”

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two thousand Five hundred Dollars, ($2,500), for "Maintenance of Water Works."

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twelve thousand Dollars, ($12,000), in connection with Water and Drainage Works at Kowloon.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand and Twenty Dollars, ($1,020), to meet the following expenses in the Sanitary Department :-

Uniform for Staff,

Cost of Street Watering,

..$520

400

Market Incidental Expenses,

100

.....

€.S.O. 1696 & 1627

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Two hundred and Seventeen of 1895. Dollars, ($217), being travelling allowances to certain Inspectors of Nuisances and Overseers of

the Sanitary Department for the current year.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

C.S.O.

1691 of 1895.

C.S.O. 1174 of 1895.

C.O.D.

195 of 1895.

C.S.O. 2015 of 1895.

C.S.O.

2040 of 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five thousand Dollars, ($5,000), to cover the cost of lighting the New Central Market during the current year.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Twenty-nine thousand Dollars, ($29,000), for expenses incurred in connection with preventive measures against a recurrence of the plague.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

Government House, Hongkong, 2nd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six hundred and Fifty Dollars, ($650), in aid of the vote "Harbour Department, Steam Launches, Other Charges, coals, repairs, etc."

Government House, Hongkong, 3rd November, 1895.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Three thousand and Five hundred Dollars, ($3,500), in connection with the construction of a road in Kowloon to be called Salisbury Road.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th November, 1895.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

SANITARY BYE-LAWS.-The Colonial Secretary laid on the table certain Bye-laws made by the Sanitary Board on the 24th October, 1895, under section 13, sub-section 24, of The Public Health Ordinance, 1887, and moved that they be approved.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

NOTICE OF QUESTIONS.-Mr. WHITEHEAD gave notice that, at the next Meeting, he would ask the following questions:-

(1)

Will the Government lay upon the table a copy of the correspondence which has passed between the Government, including the elaborate memorandum of the honourable the Colonial Secretary which accompanied it, and the home officials, and between the latter and the Colonial Govern- ment concerning the petition from the ratepayers of Hongkong to the Commons of England · praying for reform in the constitution of the local Government, and for the rights and privileges common to the British people in the smallest parish in England or Scotland of settling their local municipal affairs in their own way and to their own mind; as well as copies of all communications on the subject of the appointment of two Unofficial Members to the Executive Council, and two additional Unofficial Members to the Legislative Council?

(2)

With reference to the numerously signed petition to your Excellency, from Peak residents, house owners, and other ratepayers, praying for the construction, with all reasonable speed, of a new road in lieu of the present steep and unsuitable one-really the original mountain path, widened and improved to meet the requirements of a traffic ever on the increase, and which has outgrown the road's capacities-leading from Victoria Gap, passing on the south of "Treverbyn" and "Stolzenfels," on a comparatively easy gradient, and terminating near the Peak Club or Mount Kellet-will the Government inform the Council whether it is proposed to proceed with this very necessary public work, good road communication being very necessary and earnestly desired by the large resident community; state the probable cost of the road, and if the work is not to be undertaken at present, what are the reasons which delay its being carried out?

(3)

With reference to the Colonial Secretary's letter No. 1187 of 27th June, 1892, to the Registrar General, forwarding a precis of correspondence re Home for Girls, the following paragraphs appear in the latter:--

"Five Chinese houses were accordingly erected near St. Stephen's Church in accordance with plans which the Pó Leung Kuk Committee had seen, and which, it was understood, they approved......

"The cost of building these houses was $8,000; the land on which they stand was

valued at about $12,000.

"There seems to have been some misunderstanding with regard to the rents to be derived from the lower floors, the Pó Leung Kuk Committee thinking that they were to go towards the maintenance of the Home, while the Government decided that they were to be paid into the Treasury.

"When the buildings had been completed the Pó Léung Kuk objected to move into them

because they considered them unsuitable, etc.,......?

and in the report to the Colonial Secretary dated 1st February, 1892, on a petition from the Pó Léung Kuk, the Registrar General says-

"I understand that it is the intention of the Government to sell the five houses, the top floors of which were intended for a Home. Their value, together with that of the ground on which they stand, has been estimated by the Surveyor General at $21,000."

Will the Government inform the Council whether these houses, erected at the public expense, were built upon inland lot No. 1,129; if so, have they been sold by private contract, the name of the buyer, and at what price? In connection with the sale, if there has been one, will the Government lay upon the table a copy of the correspondence which has passed between the Government and the Colonial Office on the subject?

(4)

Will the Government lay upon the table a statement of the number of convictions, the amount of

fines imposed and paid, in respect of offences against Ordinance No. 13 of 1895, from the date it came into force until the end of last week, and a copy of the correspondence which has passed between the home authorities and the Colonial Government in connection with the Bill, and also inform the Council whether it has yet received the sanction of the Imperial Government, and if not, state the cause of delay?

(5)

Will the Government lay upon the table a copy of the reports or letters to the Government from the sub-Committee appointed by the General Committee elected at the public meeting held at the City Hall on 27th September, 1894, to consider and report upon the question of recognition of services rendered during the suppression of the plague last year, and a copy of all the correspondence which has passed between the Government and the home authorities in connection therewith.

QUESTIONS. Mr. CHATER, by special permission of His Excellency the Governor, asked the following questions:-

(1) What are the reserves of water at the present moment, and will they be sufficient at the present

rate of distribution to last to the end of the dry season?

(2) In view of the great scarcity of water this year and the consequent inconvenience both to individuals and industrial enterprises, are any steps being taken to increase the supply and prevent a recurrence of a similar scarcity?

His Excellency the Governor replied.

His Excellency then addressed the Council as follows:-

HONOURABLE GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,

I have much pleasure in meeting you again for the transaction of public business. The programme that I have to present to you is a somewhat lengthy one, the most pressing item in it is, of course, the Appropriation Bill for 1896. From the Draft Estimates, which I now lay on the table and which were circulated more than a fortnight ago together with the explanatory memoranda, you will perceive that the revenue for 1896 is estimated at $2,288,366. This estimate has been prepared with due caution; and I believe that it will be realised.

The total estimated expenditure, on the other hand, amounts to $2,479,062, of which $197,200 is for Public Works Extraordinary and chargeable to the Loan. After deducting this sum there remains a total estimated expenditure chargeable to current revenue of $2,281,862, or an estimated surplus of revenue over expenditure of $6,504.

The chief increases on the expenditure side, as compared with the Estimates for 1895, appear under the following heads :-

1. Public Works Extraordinary chargeable to revenue,

2. Public Works, Recurrent,.

3. Public Debt,

4. Military Expenditure,

5. Sanitary Department,

$90,130

$15,200

..$16,843

$44,215

...

.$12,206

6. Medical Departments,.

$ 5,921

The first item includes $30,000 towards the Taipingshan Improvement Scheme, $15,000 for Public Latrines, $17,000 for a new Isolation Hospital, a very urgent requirement, $10,000 towards the extension of the Public Recreation Ground at Happy Valley, and certain sums for the construction and extension of roads at Kowloon. The increase under the second head is partly on account of sewerage works, the extension of the system involving an additional cost for upkeep, and partly for maintenance of waterworks at Kowloon chargeable to Water Account.

The increase on account of Public Debt is due to the contribution to the New Sinking Fund, which commences in October next.

As regards the Military Expenditure the annual contribution has been calculated at 17 per cent. of the estimated revenue for 1896, exclusive of premia on Land Sales. There is also provided a sum of $40,000 for "Barrack Services" during the year. I am in possession of the views of the Unofficial Members on this subject, and they are receiving the attention of the Imperial Government. As the matter is still sub judice, I would ask you, gentlemen, to vote the sum provided in the Estimates subject to such further representations as you may hereafter have to make, and to such modifications as may hereafter be approved.

The large increase in the cost of the Sanitary Department appears alarming at first sight, but admits of easy explanation. It is on account of the additional staff required for the New Central Market and Sheep and Pig Depôts as well as for the cost of lighting the former ($7,000) for which no provision was made in the Estimates of 1895. Against this increase must be set the additional revenue derived from the new market and depôts. The increase in the Medical Department is accounted for by the appointment of a Medical Officer of Health who is borne on the medical establishment.

As a compensation for this additional expenditure various economies have been effected in other directions, notably in the Colonial Secretary's Office, the Registrar General's Department, the Magistracy, the Police, the Fire Brigade, and under Miscellaneous Services. Numerous offices have still to be dealt with on the lines recommended by the Retrenchment Committee.

تو

In addition to the reduction of establishments, which has already been effected, the salaries of the Treasury staff have been re-adjusted in such a manner as to secure a saving of $2,246. Reductions have also been made in the Post Office, Stamp Office, and the Supreme Court Office.

From this statement you will gather that no favourable opportunity for effecting retrenchment has been lost, and you may rely on me to curtail expenditure, so far as is practicable, as occasion offers in the future.

•

And now, gentlemen, having dealt with the Appropriation Bill for 1896, I have to ask you to vote the sum required to defray the Charges of the coming year. If there are any items in regard to which further information is desired, it will be forthcoming in Finance Committee or when the Council is in Committee on the Bill.

I will now make a few general remarks on the condition of the Colony. When I addressed you on a similar occasion last year, it was my painful duty to refer to a dismal succession of reverses and misfortunes. We were then only just recovering from the shock of a great disaster, and were but beginning to recognize the absolute necessity of a large measure of sanitary reform. To-day I have to announce to you a great improvement in these matters. The resumption of Taipingshan was perhaps one of the largest works ever undertaken by the Government of this Colony. Thanks to the efficiency and tact of the Board of Arbitrators all claims arising under that head have been amicably and speedily settled, the Crown has entered into possession, and the "Improvement Scheme," approved by this Council and by the Secretary of State, is being carried into effect. As I anticipated, the cost of resumption has amounted to $821,000. Of this sum $386,000 has been defrayed from balances in hand, and the remainder has been borrowed from Loan and other Government monies in the custody of the Crown Agents, interest being paid at the same rate as the money would earn by temporary investments at home. This course has been considered more economical than, and therefore preferable to, raising a further loan or to an overdraft on the local Banks, supposing such an arrangement to have been practicable.

As regards the liquidation of the outstanding balance of $435,000 on Taipingshan Account, I am glad to state that the receipts up to date are exceedingly satisfactory. The revenue for 1895 will be about $2,363,000 and the expenditure about $2,143,000, so that I have reason to expect a surplus of revenue over expenditure at the end of the present year of some $220,000. If this forecast is correct, there will be a pro tanto reduction of our indebtedness, and the year 1896 should begin with a debit balance on this account of $215,000 only.

In consequence of the improvement of Taipingshan a large area of land will probably be ready for sale in the course of next year, and with an expanding revenue it is to be hoped that the debit balance will disappear at the end of 1896. Then again, 1897 should witness extensive land sales in Taipingshan, and when the account is finally closed, the result will, in all probability, be more than gratifying. As regards the expenditure on this work, the total cost of which is estimated at $83,000, a sum of $30,000 has been provided in the Esti- mates for 1896, and you will be asked to vote the balance when the Supply Bill for 1897 comes before you. I have now, gentlemen, put briefly before you the financial position of the Colony, and having regard to all the circumstances you will doubtless agree with me in thinking that the state of affairs is both satisfactory and hopeful.

In addition to the resumption of Taipingshan other active measures for improving the sanitation of the Colony have been undertaken.

The provisions of The Public Health Ordinance, 1887, and of Ordinance No. 4 of 1895 have been strictly and steadily enforced, and upwards of 400 common lodging-houses have been licensed. It would thus appear that the evil of overcrowding has at length, to some extent, been successfully checked.

The enforcement of Ordinance No. 15 of 1894, which gave this Council no little trouble, has been accompanied by a marked amelioration of the sanitary condition of private premises throughout the Colony. Accumulations of filth and rubbish, illegal cocklofts, mezzanine floors, and back-yard obstructions have been removed, and the ground surface of upwards of 700 tenements have been concreted.

A special inspection of the drainage of private premises was made in the early part of the year and revealed a most insanitary state of affairs as regards the old drains, whereas the drainage of those premises in which the new system has been introduced was found to be in excellent condition. The re-draining of private premises progresses, upwards of 2,150 houses having been already drained; and with a view to the early completion of this work arrangements have been made by which drainage connections can be carried out by the Public Works Department. Owners should readily avail themselves of this facility.

The work of raising the dam at the Tytam Reservoir has advanced, and there is now storage capacity for an additional 40 million gallons of water. Unfortunately the small rain- fall up to date has not admitted of this additional quantity being stored. The long and unprecedented drought has been a source of much anxiety to the Government. The rain- fall up to the 30th September last was some 38 inches below the average, and some 15 inches below the minimum yet recorded. As a natural result the dry season commences with a water supply of 242,000,000 gallons instead of the usual quantity of 378,000,000 gallons. It has therefore already been necessary to curtail the supply to the City of Victoria by some 1,400,000 gallons daily. By this economy and by close supervision over the consumption of water generally, it is believed there will be a sufficient supply for ordinary wants until the rainy season comes round again. The new waterworks at Kowloon are sufficiently advanced to admit of water being supplied from public fountains to the most populous parts of the district, and a continuous supply is being maintained. When the pumping machinery is erected, the supply will be extended to the higher levels, but at present there is not enough pressure of water to reach them.

The mortality statistics shew that the health of the Colony is good, and the present year promises to be the healthiest on record notwithstanding the somewhat alarming prevalence of malarial fever, which is no doubt due to the exceptional drought.

Profiting by last year's experience, and looking to the prevalence of the plague in the neighbourhood of the Colony during the early part of 1895, I appointed a Committee of Officials to consider what exceptional measures should be taken to protect the Colony against the re-appearance of the disease, or, in the event of its re-appearing, to limit its ravages as far as possible. Temporary hospital accommodation and burial grounds were at their suggestion provided,—and arrangements made for the removal of patients, the isolation of those who had been in immediate contact with the disease, and the disinfection and cleansing of infected premises. It was further deemed advisable to prohibit Chinese immigration from certain infected neighbouring ports for several months during the year, but this restriction was not continued longer than was absolutely necessary. The precautions taken against the recurrence of the plague and the timely arrangements made for dealing with it have been efficacious. I am glad to inform you that only 29 cases have occurred during the year, and that at no time was an epidemic threatened.

In accordance with the recommendation of a Committee of Enquiry into the Medical Department, a Medical Officer of Health has recently been appointed. I regret to state that· there has been some misunderstanding between the Government and the Unofficial Members of the Sanitary Board in regard to this appointment, and it may not be out of place here to explain briefly the position of the Government in this matter. In my address to this Council on the 28th November last, I expressed my own views, which coincided with those of the Retrenchment Committee, regarding the Sanitary Board as hitherto constituted.

I deprecated the division of responsibility which such a constitution involved, and I urged the desirability of placing the sanitary system on a different basis. Some opposition has been offered to my views in certain quarters, and it is not improbable that a compromise will eventually be suggested by the Secretary of State, but as yet no decision has been arrived at. In this

uncertain state of affairs, I was unwilling to assign any definite position to the newly appointed Medical Officer as the subordinate of a Body which might, at any time, cease to exist.

I accordingly adopted the modus vivendi which was offered to me by the suggestion of the Medical Committee and which afforded the Government an opportunity of weighing the further recommendations of the Committee in regard to the reconstitution of the medical staff, on which the future position of the Medical Officer of Health must, to a great extent, depend. I should not have thought it necessary to make this explanation were it not for certain insinuations which have been made as to the motives of the Government. There are those who have pretended to see in the action of the Government an attempt to deal a death- blow to the Sanitary Board. I disclaim any such motive; and even had such been my object, I should at least have adopted measures better calculated to effect it-measures which would have left no doubt whatever as to my intentions.

As a matter of fact, however, the responsibility of deciding this vexed question does not rest with me. Having expressed my views, my duty ends, and I can only hope that whatever conclusion may be arrived at, it will effectually secure the sanitary well-being of this community, which after all is our common object.

Turning to other matters of general interest, the shipping returns up to the 30th · September last are more than encouraging.

For the first 9 months of this year, as compared with the corresponding period of last year, British shipping shews an increase of 378 vessels aggregating 575,306 tons.

Foreign shipping with a numerical decrease of 75 ships also shews an increase in tonnage of 11,887 tons. European vessels have handled and carried some 276,000 tons of cargo more than last year.

There is likewise an increase in the Foreign and Local Junk Trades of 178,747 tons and 79,263 tons, respectively.

The total increase over last year in the number of ships entered and cleared at this port is no less than 5,551 vessels aggregating 845,203 tons-a distinct improvement even on the exceptionally good returns for 1893.

The passenger traffic returns shew an increase of 25,186 in the number of emigrants, but immigration has fallen off considerably doubtless on account of the prohibition in force during several months in respect of certain neighbouring ports infected with the plague.

Chinese seamen's boarding-houses have recently been inspected and licensed for the first time, and there are now 67 such houses duly licensed, affording accommodation for 1,120 men.

The criminal statistics are gratifying, and there has been no repetition of the riots which occurred in the early part of last year. The public peace has been efficiently preserved by the Police, and with the exception of the coolie strike, which took place at the latter end of March last in connection with the enforcement of the bye-laws for the regulation of common lodging-houses, and the robbery with violence on the 18th and 22nd instant, there is, I rejoice to say, no "Police News" worthy of record.

The firm attitude of the Government during the coolie strike was, however, not maintained without loss and inconvenience to the commercial community, but the cir- cumstances did not admit of concession, and looking to future interests it will, I think, be generally admitted that the success achieved was not too dearly, purchased.

The community is indebted to the Naval and Military Authorities for their ready assistance in the emergency, and the Police, as usual, did excellent work in keeping order and relieving the situation as far as possible by providing coolies and cargo boats for the several firms.

•

With regard to education, it appears that the attendance at the several schools, which. fell off last year, has now recovered its normal proportions. Including Queen's College, there are now 16 Government Schools, and 105 Grant-in-Aid Schools, (of which latter 10 have been opened during the year) in addition to numerous Chinese "Kaifong" Schools.

It has often struck me as extraordinary-not to say discreditable-that, after 55 years of British rule, the vast majority of Chinese in Hongkong should remain so little "Anglicised.” I have thus been led to enquire more thoroughly than I have hitherto done into the system of education adopted in the local schools, and I am of opinion that too much attention has hitherto been paid to purely Chinese subjects. With a view therefore of promoting a more general knowledge of English amongst the Chinese, the Government proposes in future to subsidise only those schools in which special attention is paid to the teaching of the English language and modern subjects. It is hoped that this will tend to educate the rising generation of Chinese to more enlightened views and ideas, and to dispel the ignorance and blind superstition, which have proved and still are proving such a stumbling block to the promotion of their moral and physical well-being.

The silver question remains as much a problem as ever. I had hoped that before this the evils of a depreciated dollar would have been compensated for in some degree by an influx of English capital into the Colony, but the stability of exchange appears to be beyond all control, and so long as that is the case, English capitalists will probably prefer to assist the apparently failing industries of Lancashire rather than run any risk in industrial ventures abroad. I notice, however, that in Shanghai capital is being readily subscribed for the establishment of Cotton Mills and other industries, and I could wish to see a similar spirit of enterprise abroad in this Colony. With its unceasing water supply the "model settlement” has advantages in this respect which are denied to Hongkong; but there is no reason why local difficulties should not be faced and ultimately overcome, or why this valuable entrepôt of Eastern commerce should not also become ere long a great industrial centre.

Past and passing political events in the Far East are of special importance to Hong- kong. The peace of Shimonoseki, which brought the hostilities between Japan and China to a close in May last, has not been unproductive of disappointment, nor is the political horizon yet quite as clear as could be wished. It is to be hoped, however, that the Great Eastern Problem will work out peacefully and beneficially. In the meantime we may rest assured that the interests of Great Britain and her possessions will be safely guarded and judiciously forwarded by Her Majesty's Government as opportunity offers, and in this connection I would incidentally remark that whilst for a time at least local interests may necessarily be postponed in favour of purely Imperial interests, I have every reason to believe that the questions most particularly affecting this Colony have by no means been lost sight of.

In conclusion, gentlemen, I thank you for the patient hearing which you have accorded to me. The period which I have reviewed has been one of activity in sanitary reform and improvement in many other directions. I have looked in vain for the symptoms peculiar to a people "writhing under injustice" and "taxed up to the limit of endurance," and I have discovered only that happy condition of progress and prosperity which usually obtains in a well-ordered community. To the maintenance of that progress and prosperity, to financial economy, to sanitary improvements, and to the furtherance, generally, of the best interests of this community, I shall faithfully continue to devote myself. With your ready and loyal co-operation, gentlemen, I can safely look forward to some additional measure of success during the term of government that still remains to me.

Standing CommitTEES.-His Excellency appointed the following Committees :-

(a) Finance Committee,-

The Colonial Secretary, Chairman.

All the Members of Council, except the Governor.

(b) Law Committee,-

The Attorney General, Chairman.

The Registrar General.

Honourable J. J. BELL-IRVING. Honourable Ho KAI.

Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

The Director of Public Works, Chairman.

The Colonial Treasurer.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.

Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO APPLY A SUM NOT EXCEEDING TWO MILLIONS FOUR HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINE THOUSAND AND SIXTY-TWO DOLLARS TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF THE YEAR 1896."-The Colonial Secretary moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' PENSIONS ORDINANCES OF 1890 AND 1891 (Nos. 30 or 1890 AND 18 OF 1891)"."-The Acting Colonial Treasurer moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE POLICE FORCE CONSOLIDATION ORDI- NANCE, 14 OF 1887."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED

AN ORDINANCE TO AUTHORIZE IN CERTAIN CASES JUDICIAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CAUSES OF FIRE."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED

፡፡

AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE FOR THE RECOGNITION IN THE COLONY OF Probates AND LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION GRANTED IN BRITISH POSSESSIONS."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE BANKRUPTCY ORDINANCE, 1891.' ”— The Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND 'THE CATTLE DISEASES, SLAUGHTER-HOUSES, AND MARKETS Ordinance, 1887."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until Thursday, the 5th December, 1895, at 3 P.M.

Read and confirmed this 5th day of December, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE,

Acting Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 13.

THURSDAY, 5TH DECEMBER, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G:).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEwart

LOCKHART).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED Cooper).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

the Acting Captain Superintendent of Police, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLAND

HASTINGS, R.N.).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

NEW MEMBER.-Commander W. C. H. HASTINGs took the oath of allegiance on his provisional appointment to a seat in the Council.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 25th November, 1895, were read and confirmed.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE. The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report of the Finance Committee dated 25th November, 1895, (No. 8), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.-The Director of Public Works laid on the table the report of the Public Works Committee dated 25th November, 1895, (No. 4), and moved its adoption.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

QUESTION. Mr. CHATER, by special permission of His Excellency the Governor, asked the following question :-

Will the Government lay upon the table copies of all the correspondence that has passed between the Government of Hongkong and the Colonial Office on the subject of the Military Contribution since the receipt here of the Marquess of Ripon's despatch on that subject of the 27th June, 1895?

The Colonial Secretary replied and laid upon the table the Despatches on the subject of the Military Contribution.

NOTICE OF QUESTIONS.-Mr. BELILIOS gave notice that at the next Meeting of Council he would ask the following questions :—

Will the Government be good enough to say why (experiments having shown the practicability of such a course) steps are not taken to pump up sea water to the higher levels with which to wash out the drains?

Will the Government kindly inform the Council of the reasons for the suspension, for many months, of all work upon, and apparent indefinite postponement of completion of, the base and pedestal for the Jubilee statue of Her Majesty the Queen? Is there any insuperable obstacle in the. way of the erection of this statue, which has now for nearly a year been interned in a godown, instead of being placed in the position for which it was designed?

QUESTIONS.-Mr. WHITEHEAD, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions:-

(1)

praying for reform in the constitution of the local Government, and for the rights and privileges common to the British people in the smallest parish in England or Scotland of settling their local municipal affairs in their own way and to their own mind; as well as copies of all communications on the subject of the appointment of two Unofficial Members to the Executive Council, and two additional Unofficial Members to the Legislative Council?

(2)

With reference to the numerously signed petition to your Excellency, from Peak residents, house owners, and other ratepayers, praying for the construction, with all reasonable speed, of a new road in lieu of the present steep and unsuitable one—really the original mountain path, widened and improved to meet the requirements of a traffic ever on the increase, and which has outgrown the road's capacities-leading from Victoria Gap, passing on the south of "Treverbyn" and "Stolzenfels," on a comparatively easy gradient, and terminating near the Peak Club or Mount Kellet-will the Government inform the Council whether it is proposed to proceed with this very necessary public work, good road communication being very necessary and earnestly desired by the large resident community; state the probable cost of the road, and if the work is not to be undertaken at present, what are the reasons which delay its being carried out?

(3)

With reference to the Colonial Secretary's letter No. 1187 of 27th June, 1892, to the Registrar General, forwarding a précis of correspondence re Home for Girls, the following paragraphs appear in the latter:-

"Five Chinese houses were accordingly erected near St. Stephen's Church in accordance with plans which the Pó Leung Kuk Committee had seen, and which, it was understood, they approved......

"The cost of building these houses was $8,000; the land on which they stand was

valued at about $12,000.

"There seems to have been some misunderstanding with regard to the rents to be derived from the lower floors, the Pó Léung Kuk Committee thinking that they were to go ・towards the maintenance of the Home, while the Government decided that they

were to be paid into the Treasury.

"When the buildings had been completed the Pó Leung Kuk objected to move into them

because they considered them unsuitable, etc.,......?

and in the report to the Colonial Secretary dated 1st February, 1892, on a petition from the Pó Léung Kuk, the Registrar General says—

(4)

ད

Will the Government lay upon the table a statement of the number of convictions, the amount of fines imposed and paid, in respect of offences against Ordinance No. 13 of 1895, from the date it came into force until the end of last week, and a copy of the correspondence which has passed between the home authorities and the Colonial Government in connection with the Bill, and also inform the Council whether it has yet received the sanction of the Imperial Government, and if not, state the cause of delay?

(5)

Will the Government lay upon the table a copy of the despatch from the Secretary of State to the Colonies sanctioning the pension to be paid to the Honourable Mr. Justice Ackroyd on his retiring from the service?

(6)

Will the Government inform the Council on whose recommendation Mr. Matthews was requested to visit Hongkong, inspect professionally the Gap Rock lighthouse, and state the cost of his report?

(7)

Will the Government inform the Council as to the conditions on which the Golf Club have been granted authority to build their club house at the west end of the Wongneichong Valley, and the terms of the lease, if there is one?

(8)

Will the Government inform the Council whether it is propose:l to proceed with the construction of the much needed and desirable new road between Plantation Road Station and Magazine Gap; the probable cost; if the work is not to be proceeded with at present, what causes the delay, and when will the work be taken in hand?

(9)

Will the Government lay upon the table a statement showing the total cost of the administration, or the expenditure of the Government under the head of salaries, including allowances if any, pensions, exchange compensation, &c., for the years 1892, 1893, 1894, and 1895, separately?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

Mr. WHITEHEAD, with the permission of His Excellency the Governor, withdrew the following question:-

RESOLUTION. Mr. WHITEHEAD gave notice that at the next Meeting he would move the follow- ing resolution :-

That His Honour Mr. Justice E. J. Ackroyd (recently retired after forty-one years of true and faithful work in the Colonial Service, of which he served in Hongkong for fourteen years as Registrar of the Supreme Court, Puisne Judge, and Acting Chief Justice) rendered very many and most valuable services to the Colony, outside and in addition to the duties of the various offices held by him. That from 1882 to 1890 he was a member of the Commission for the revision of the laws of the Colony; he was on the Crown Lands Commission; on the Squat- ters Commission; on the Board for adjusting the claims of the squatters; on the Commission of enquiry into the defalcations in the Post Office, and in the Treasury; on the enquiry into the working of the emigration laws; and on the enquiry into the difficulties in 1891 which arose between the Opium Farmer and the Government, He rendered services of great value as Chairman of the enquiry into the expenditure and the cost of the Administration, and as Chairman of the Committee appointed to enquire into the resumption of the Taipingshan district, he carried out a most difficult, arduous, and delicate work with promptitude, impartiality, and to the entire satisfaction of the Government and the claimants. The Council desire to tender to the Honourable Mr. Justice Ackroyd their hearty thanks for all his zealous labours, ever readily and cheerfully rendered, and for his devotion to promoting the welfare' and the interests of the Colony, and to wish him every health and happiness, as well as a continued career of usefulness.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE LAW AS TO CERTAIN MONEYS PAID INTO THE SUPREME COURT OR TO THE REGISTRAR THEREOF."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

(

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE STAMP ORDINANCE, 1886.'"-The Acting Colonial Treasurer moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO APPLY A SUM NOT EXCEEDING TWO MILLIONS FOUR HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINE THOUSAND AND SIXTY-TWO DOLLARS TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF THE YEAR 1896." The Colonial Secretary moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

The Colonial Secretary moved that the Bill be referred to the Finance Committee for consideration.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND

THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' PENSIONS ORDINANCES

of 1890 and 1891 (Nos. 30 of 1890 and 18 of 1891)"."-The Acting Colonial Treasurer moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Attorney General seconded. Question--put and agreed to. Bill read a second time.

Bill considered in Committee. Bill reported unamended.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHEr amend the POLICE FORCE CONSOLIDATION Ordi- NANCE, 14 OF 1887"-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Bill considered in Committee.

Bill reported as amended in Committee..

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED

AN ORDINANCE TO AUTHORIZE IN CERTAIN CASES JUDICIAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CAUSES OF FIRE."-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Bill considered in Committee.

Bill reported with amendments.

BILL ENTITLED

•

AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE FOR THE RECOGNITION IN THE COLONY OF PROBATES AND LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION GRANTED IN BRITISH POSSESSIONS."-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Bill considered in Committee.

Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE BANKRUPTCY ORDINANCE, 1891'."- The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Bill considered in Committee.

Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE CATTLE DISEASES, SLAUGHTER-HOUSES, AND MARKETS ORDINANCE, 1887"."-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Bill considered in Committee.

Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until Thursday, the 12th December, 1895, at 3.30 P.M.

Read and confirmed this 14th day of December, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 14.

SATURDAY, 14TH DECEMBER, 1895.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary and Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART

LOCKHART).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Acting Colonial Treasurer, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

the Acting Captain Superintendent of Police, (WILLIAM CHARLES HOLLand

HASTINGS, R.N.).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Council met pursuant to summons, the meeting fixed for the 12th December having been postponed until Saturday, the 14th December, 1895.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 5th December, 1895, were read and confirmed.

PAPER.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the report by the Director of Public Works on the cost of constructing the proposed road from Victoria Gap to Mount Kellet Road, and moved that it be referred to the Public Works Committee.

The Director of Public Works seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the reports of the Finance Committee dated 5th and 14th December, 1895, (Nos. 9 and 10).

QUESTIONS.—Mr. BELILIOS, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions

Will the Government be good enough to say why (experiments having shown the practicability of such a course) steps are not taken to pump up sea water to the higher levels with which

to wash out the drains?

Will the Government kindly inform the Council of the reasons for the suspension, for many months, of all work upon, and apparent indefinite postponement of completion of, the base and pedestal for the Jubilee statue of Her Majesty the Queen? Is there any insuperable obstacle in the way of the erection of this statue, which has now for nearly a year been interned in a godown, instead of being placed in the position for which it was designed?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

BILL ENTITLED 66 AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE LAW AS TO CERTAIN MONEYS PAID INTO THE SUPREME COURT OR TO THE REGISTRAR THEREOF."-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Bill referred to Committee.

BILL ENTITLED. "AN ORDINANCE TO FURTHER AMEND THE STAMP ORDINANCE, 1886.'"-The Acting Colonial Treasurer moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Bill considered in Committee.

Bill reported with amendment.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO APPLY A SUM NOT exceeding Two MILLIONS FOUR HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINE THOUSAND AND SIXTY-TWO DOLLARS TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF THE YEAR 1896."-Council in Committeee on the Bill.

The several items on the Bill were considered and adopted without discussion with the exception of the following:-

Governor and Legislature.

Mr. WHITEHEAD moved the reduction of this vote by $100 and addressed the Council.

Dr. Ho KAI seconded.

The Council divided.

For the amendment. Hon. A. McCONACHIE. Hon. E. R. BELILIOS.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD,

Hon. Dr. Ho KAI

Hon. C. P. CHATER.

Motion lost by a majority of one.

Against the amendment.

The Acting Captain Superintendent of Police. The Harbour Master.

The Director of Public Works.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer. The Attorney General. The Colonial Secretary.

The vote was accordingly passed by the above majority without amendment.

Colonial Secretary's Department.

Mr. WHITEHEAD moved the reduction of this vote by $100 and addressed the Council. There being no seconder the vote was passed.

Medical Department.

Mr. WHITEHEAD moved the reduction of this vote by $100 and addressed the Council. There being no seconder the vote was passed.

Mr. CHATER moved—

Military Contribution.

That this vote be reduced to 17 per cent. of the general revenue of the Colony less the proceeds of Land Sales and less the Municipal Revenue, the items of which this latter shall be com- posed to be adjusted between the Imperial and Colonial Governments.

Dr. Ho KAI seconded and addressed the Council.

Mr. MCCONACHIE supported the amendment and addressed the Council. Mr. WHITEHEAD supported the amendment and addressed the Council. Mr. BELILIOS Supported the amendment and addressed the Council, His Excellency addressed the Council.

The Council divided-

For the amendment. Hon. A. MCCONACHIE. Hon. E. R. BELILIOS.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD.

Hon. Dr. Ho KAI. Hon. C. P. CHATER.

Motion lost by a majority of one.

Against the amendment.

The Acting Captain Superintendent of Police. The Harbour Master.

The Director of Public Works. The Acting Colonial Treasurer. The Attorney General. The Colonial Secretary.

The vote was accordingly passed by the above majority without amendment.

Bill reported without amendment.

The Council resumed.

The Colonial Secretary moved the 3rd reading of the Bill.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer seconded.

The Council divided-

For.

The Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

The Harbour Master.

The Director of Public Works.

The Acting Colonial Treasurer.

The Attorney General.

The Colonial Secretary..

The motion was carried by a majority of one.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

Against.

Hon. A. MCCONACHIE.

Hon. E. R. BELILIOS.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD. Hon. Dr. Ho KAI.

Hon. C. P. Chater.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' PENSIONS ORDINANCES of 1890 and 1891 (Nos. 30 or 1890 AND 18 of 1891)'."-The Acting Colonial Treasurer moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED

AN ORDINANCE TO AUTHORIZE IN CERTAIN CASES JUDICIAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO

the causes of firE."-The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.--The Council then adjourned for the period of one month.

Read and confirmed this 11th day of February, 1896.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

MEDICAL COMMITTEE.

549

Appendix 4.

REPORT.

We, the undersigned, were appointed by His Excellency the Governor to be Mem- bers of a Committee of Inquiry into the Medical Department of the Colony and other relative matters embodied in a list of subjects which accompanied our letters of appoint-

ment.

2. We have accordingly proceeded on the lines laid done by the Government and have conducted our inquiry with special reference to the subjects upon which we were asked to report. In the course of that inquiry with a view to making ourselves thoroughly acquainted with the working of the Medical Department generally, we have had occasion to pay a personal visit of inspection to the Government Civil Hospital, and have examined several servants of the Government, to whom we are indebted for much valuable information and many useful suggestions, which we have adopted and embodied in our recommendations.

The following is a list of the Officers who have appeared before us in the course of our enquiry:-

The Colonial Surgeon.

The Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital.

The Superintendent of the Gaol.

The Assistant Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital.

The Secretary of the Sanitary Board.

The Health Officer.

The Medical Officer of the Gaol.

The Government Analyst.

Dr. CHUNG of the Alice Memorial Hospital.

Honourable Dr. Ho KAI, and the Matron of the Governinent Civil Hospital.

A copy of the evidence given by them forms an appendix to the report which we beg to submit below for the consideration of His Excellency the Governor.

For facility of reference we have drawn up our report in the form of answers to the various questions submitted to us, and corresponding numerically thereto.

REPORT.

Question 1.-The present distribution of work and the hours of duty of each mem- ber of the medical staff. What re-arrangement of duties, if any, is desirable with a view to securing the more efficient working of the Department?

Answer. We are of opinion—

(a) That the work required of the medical staff-as at present distributed- falls to a certain extent on the Colonial Surgeon, and chiefly on the Superintendent and Assistant Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, and that the time of those Officers is sufficiently occupied, more especially since the additional duty of daily inspecting the Tung Wa Hospital has been imposed on them.

(b) That the Medical Officer of the Gaol has not sufficient work, but that the present occupant of the post is not competent to assist at the Govern- ment Civil Hospital.

of one Officer.

[ii]

In view of the above it appears to us that some re-arrangement of duties is desir- able with a view to distributing the work more equally among the Officers of the Department. At present, chiefly owing to the reason given in (b) above and to the fact that the services of the Health Officer of the Port owing to his being allowed private practice are not available for the general work of the Department in time of great pres- sure or emergency, serious inconvenience is likely to arise should the Colonial Surgeon or the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital or the Assistant Superintend- ent be incapacitated for duty by sickness. Further, under the existing arrangements, it is difficult to provide for leave due to Officers of the medical staff without outside assistance and this, we understand, is not readily available owing to the lapsing pay of the absent officer or officers being insufficient to induce doctors from ships, for instance, to place their services at the disposal of the Government. The result is that when either the Colonial Surgeon, the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital or the Assistant Superintendent takes leave, his share of the work must necessarily fall on the other two officers, the Health Officer of the Port and the Medical Officer of the Gaol for the reasons stated above not being available.

Being satisfied from the evidence before us that the present numerical strength of the medical staff, although not too large, is quite sufficient for the ordinary require- ments of the Colony, it remains to us to suggest such re-distribution of the duties as may, if not effectually overcome, at least considerably minimise, the disadvantages of the present system of administration in the department. In considering what re- arrangement is necessary for this purpose we have been guided by the following facts which have been brought to our notice :-

(1) That much of the Colonial Surgeon's time is occupied at present in at- tending subordinate officers of the Government and Police Officers and their families. Also that he is charged with the duty of inspecting the Tung Wa Hospital. This work we consider should not be ordin- arily performed by the Principal Medical Officer of the Government and we shall accordingly recommend the performance of these duties by a junior officer.

(2) That the Health Officer, although nominally under the control of the Colonial Surgeon, is not absolutely at his disposal in an emergency, owing to his being allowed private practice.

(3) That the services of the Medical Officer of the Gaol are not at present availed of when assistance is required in the Government Civil Hospital.

In view of the above facts, we beg to make the following recommendations for the re-constitution of the medical staff and a general re-distribution of the duties per- taining to them.

We consider that the title of Colonial Surgeon is a misnomer and should be abolished, and that in his place a Principal Medical Officer of the Government, whose duties should be both executive and administrative, should be appointed. Such officer should be the recognised head of the medical staff proper, but should, in our opinion, also perform the duties of the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital in so far that he should superintend and be responsible for the satisfactory management of that institution.

The Principal Medical Officer should have under his control and at his disposal the following staff:---

(a) Two Medical Officers who should ordinarily perform the duties of Assist- ants at the Government Civil Hospital. One of these officers to be available for attending the subordinate officers of the Government and the Police.

[iii]

(b) Health Officer of the Port. This officer would ordinarily not be avail-

able for other duties, but in times of emergency should be at the entire disposal of the Principal Medical Officer and at all times under his orders.

(c) Medical Officer in Charge of the Gaol, whose duties should also include a daily inspection of the Tung Wa Hospital. This Officer should like- wise be at all times under the orders of the Principal Medical Officer, and liable, when called upon, to assist at the Government Civil Hospital or available for any service at the discretion of the Principal Medical Officer.

Under the above arrangement we consider that many of the disadvantages of the present system would disappear. The Principal Medical Officer would have under his control a sufficient staff for the ordinary requirements of the Colony, and in the event of an officer falling sick or taking leave it would be open to him to distribute the duties of such officer amongst the remainder of the staff (taking his own share) without undue strain on any individual officer.

In addition to and independently of the above proposed medical staff proper, we recommend strongly the appointment of a Medical Officer of Health for the Colony vis-a-vis the Medical Officer of Health for the Port; but, unlike the latter officer, entirely independent of the control of the Principal Medical Officer. The Health Officer for the Colony should, in our opinion, have no connection whatever with the medical staff proper.

His position should be quite distinct. He should be the medical adviser of the Government on all sanitary matters through the Sanitary Board, to which he should be attached (not necessarily as a subordinate officer of the Board) and on which he should occupy a seat. He should however, in our opinion, be entitled to no vote, his duties on the Board being purely of an advisory nature, and it being obviously undesirable that he should enter into any discussion upon points on which he is called upon to advise.

We are not prepared to lay down definitely the specific duties that should be assigned to the proposed new officer; they must necessarily depend to a great extent on local conditions and circumstances, which are perhaps better known to the Government than to ourselves, but we consider that the duties performed by similar officers in some of our large towns at home should, mutatis mutandis, be assigned to the Health Officer for the Colony, and we append for the information of the Government a copy of the Appendix B. duties laid down by the Bradford Corporation for their Medical Officer of Health, * and Appendix can abstract of those performed by similar officers in the City of London,* which it may

be found desirable to adapt to local requirements.

With regard to the qualifications requisite for the proposed office, we are strongly of opinion that the selected candidate should possess a public health diploma in addition to his ordinary medical degree. Ho should, in short, be an expert in all matters affecting the public health.

Question 2.-Whether the existing staff is sufficient to meet the ordinary require- ments of the Colony, and what special arrangements, if any, should be made in case of emergency?

Answer. We have already dealt with the first part of this question and expressed our opinion that under the re-arrangement proposed above the numerical strength of the staff is sufficient for the ordinary requirements of the Colony.

With regard to the latter half of the question, we have also provided above for cases of moderate emergency in recommending that the services of all members of the medical staff proper should be available for other than their ordinary duties, when necessity arises, and that the Principal Medical Officer shall have the power of appor-

[iv]

tioning and allotting such special duties. In cases of great emergency we are unable to recommend any definite course of action, seeing that the proper steps to be taken on such occasions must necessarily depend on the circumstances and conditions and must be decided accordingly. We, however, venture to suggest that in the event of any grave emergency arising liberal inducement be offered to outside medical practitioners (local or otherwise) to place their services at the disposal of the Government, and that such temporary officers should be under the orders of the Principal Medical Officer in the same way as members of the permanent staff.

Question 3.-Whether it is desirable that any member of the staff should be allowed private practice.

Answer. We consider that in no case should private practice be allowed to officers of the medical staff of the Government, and have based our proposals for the re-organisation of the staff on the understanding that this privilege, where it now exists, will be withdrawn, and that the services of the whole staff will be entirely at the disposal of the Government.

We, however, make the above recommendation conditionally upon medical officers of the Government being allowed, as hitherto, to be called in by private practitioners for the purpose of holding consultations, to which we see no objection whatever.

In connection with the question of private practice, it has been brought to our notice that ex-patients of the Government Civil Hospital often visit Hongkong from the Coast ports for the purpose of consulting the medical officers at the Hospital, who are well acquainted with their cases, having treated them during their periods of sickness. In such cases we are given to understand that unless these ex-patients re-enter the Hospital, the doctors are not allowed to tender advice or opinions, and it has been suggested that to this extent and strictly within these limits private practice should be allowed and the doctors authorised to see such patients and charge a fee therefor. We are not, however, prepared to endorse this latter suggestion, it appears to us that there is no objection to these ex-patients consulting, if they so desire, the medical officers of the Hospital or to a fee being charged for medical advice in these cases, but seeing that the medical service is provided by the Government, and that the doctors are consulted in such cases quâ officers of the Government Civil Hospital and not quâ private prac- titioners, we think that all fees so chargeable should be credited to the Government and not to its individual officers.

Question 4.-To what extent the Chinese community avail themselves of the Civil Hospital, and what steps, if any, can be taken to make it more popular with the Chinese ?

Answer. From the evidence taken on this subject we are of opinion that, having regard to the accommodation provided, the strength of the medical and nursing staff &c., the advantages of the Hospital are fully availed of by the Chinese, and that the number of beds is at times hardly equal to the number of patients applying to be admit- ted. As regards the out-patients we learn that there are more applicants than, under the existing arrangements, can possibly be attended to, and that they have constantly to be sent away in consequence. It is anticipated that if the re-arrangement of the staff, which we have proposed above, is approved, the work of this branch of the Hospital will be more efficiently performed than at present, and will increase accord- ingly.

Question 5.-To what extent non-Government Hospitals have been visited and inspected in the past, and what improved arrangements, if any, should be made for the frequent and regular inspection of such institutions in the future?

Answer. We find that the only non-Government Hospital hitherto regularly inspected is the Tung Wa Hospital. We are of opinion that that institution should in

[v]

future be visited at least once daily, and have already provided for the performance of this duty by a member of the medical staff. As regards other non-Government Hospitals we consider that power should be taken (by law if necessary) providing for the periodical inspection by an officer of the Government of all hospitals in the Colony, public and private.

Question 6.-Whether the scheme suggested in the enclosed letter from the Acting Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital for the training of nurses locally is practicable, and, if so, whether it is desirable in the interests of economy and efficiency?

Answer. We consider that the scheme referred to is practicable to this extent, viz., that the young women, whom it is proposed to train, should be trained on the understanding that they can qualify as "nurses" only and can never attain to the rank of "sisters" to whom they will and must always reinain subordinate. We are of opinion they cannot be trained locally with a view to ultimately taking the place of the European sisters, and that, even if they could be, it would be obviously undesirable on the grounds of their nationality and origin to accord them such equality. Subject to the above limitations, we are prepared to recommend the scheme as a tentative measure and on the grounds of economy. We understand that in the future two of the sisters will be away on leave at the same time, and it is anticipated that with the assistance of the young women whom it is proposed to train, the remainder of the nursing staff will be able to carry on the work satisfactorily, and that the necessity of obtaining an extra sister from home to enable members of the nursing staff to take leave when it falls due, will thus be obviated. We are also prepared to recommend the scheme on independent grounds in the hope that, if it succeeds, the want of an outside nursing staff which would be available for private cases, would be gradually supplied. Whether or not the training of these young women will ultimately enable the Government to reduce the staff of European sisters, we are unable at present to say. It is possible, however, that if they prove to be capable nurses, the duties of the sisters may gradually become of a lighter and more supervisory nature, and in that event their number might eventually be reduced to what is necessary for the purpose of supervision, the "nurses" so-called doing much of the work at present performed by the sisters. We are not however in a position to forecast events, and we therefore make no recommendation for the reduction of the European nursing staff unless circumstances justify such reduction.

We think that the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital should report upon the success (or otherwise) of the scheme herein referred to after twelve months, and that its continuance should depend upon the nature of that report.

Question 7 (a).-How far the scheme for the establishment of dispensaries for the sale of European drugs at nominal prices to Chinese is practicable and desirable? Whether such establishments could be made self-supporting without sacrificing the object in view, and, if not, what extra cost would be involved thereby? Further, whether such institutions should be placed under Government control, or whether satisfactory arrangements could be made with the Chinese College of Medicine for their efficient working and management?

Answer.-We approve of the above scheme and the object which it has in view, but hesitate to suggest its general adoption not being in a position to form an accurate esti- mate of the expenditure that would be involved thereby and of its relative utility. In view, however, of the fact that British Kowloon is without either a qualified private medical practitioner, or a dispensary for the sale of European drugs, we consider it highly desirable that the latter at least should be provided without delay, and beg to recommend accordingly the establishment of a dispensary in that locality with a Chinese practi- tioner qualified in Western medicine in charge but under the direct control and supervision of the Government.

[vi]

We consider that a small charge should be made for drugs supplied to Chinese, this being the practice of the Medical Missions in China, and from the results shown by those societies we have every reason to anticipate that the dispensary would prove a financial success. The necessary checks, in view of the native character, should of course be exercised over the Chinese practitioner in charge, who should in our opinion be secured for a certain amount.

As regards the cost of the proposed dispensary, we understand that a sum of $1,500 a year would be sufficient to cover the expenditure for rent, drugs, and salary of the officer in charge, the latter to be fixed at $60 a month without private practice.

In addition to his duties in the dispensary, we consider that the Chinese dispenser should be required to make himself acquainted with and give early information of the existence of any epidemic disease, to enquire into the causes of suspicious deaths for the information of the Registrar General, and to act as public vaccinator for the district of Kowloon.

If the experiment proves successful in Kowloon, we recommend the general extension of the scheme to other parts of the Colony, but would point out that the Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals would appear to meet the requirements of the native population in the districts in which they are locatet.

Question 7 (b).-In the event of a recurrence of the plague what medical arrange- ments should be made for the removal of patients from the Colony?

Answer.-We are of opinion that all persons, wishing to do so, should be allowed to leave the Colony subject to the following arrangements for and conditions of removal :---

(1) Patients to be removed at least 20 miles (as the crow flies) from the

Colony.

(2) Special junks, fitted up to the satisfaction of the medical authorities, to start at statel times from certain wharves, provided for the purpose in the Eastern and Western Districts.

(3) Such junks to proceed to a place more than 20 miles (as the crow flies) from the Colony under escort of at least one European before discharg- ing patients.

(4) Matsheds to be erected adjoining the wharves, for the temporary accom-

modation of the sick prior to their removal.

(5) One European Police officer and one medical officer, if possible, to be

on duty at each of the matsheds.

(6) Patients, wishing to be removed from the Colony, to report to the officer on duty at the matshed, who should arrange for their temporary accommodation and early removal in the manner prescribed above.

In this connection we would further suggest that dead bodies might also with advantage be removed from the Colony, provided that such removal is carried out speedily, and the limit of distance from the Colony is strictly adhered to.

Having now dealt with all the questions submitted to us for enquiry, we beg leave to add one or two suggestions which have occurred to us in connection with the subject under review.

It has come under our notice in the course of our enquiry that the present obser- vation ward at the Government Civil Hospital is wholly unsuitable for the purpose for which it is intended. Being a wooden structure, it is necessarily very inflammable in the dry season, and we learn that it has been more than once partially destroyed by

[vii]

fire. We would therefore respectfully submit the great danger to which patients are exposed by being housed in a wooden building, and urge the early erection of a per- manent brick or stone structure, for which we are informed plans have already been prepared.

We would further beg to suggest that the Kennedy Town Police Station be per- manently reserved as a Hospital for the reception of infectious or contagious diseases, when the Hygeia is full or when it is undesirable to remove patients across the water. With these additional suggestions, which we trust will receive the favourable considera- tion of the Governor, we beg to conclude our report.

Hongkong, April, 1895.

THOS. H. KNOTT,

Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.,

Chairman.

A. F. PRESTON, B.A., M.B.,

Surgeon-Colonel, A.M.S.

A. MCCONACHIE.

J. THURBURN.

JAS. CANTLIE, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.S.,

Dipl. Public Health,

R. C. P., London.

Appendix A.

MEDICAL COMMITTEE.

Meeting held 15th January, 1895.

Present:-Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. MCCONACHIE.

Dr. JAMES CANTLIE.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Dr. AYRES, Colonial Surgeon, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Dr. AYRES, will you be good enough to give the Committee a general idea of your daily routine of duty?

Dr. AYRES.-I must premise what I have got to say by stating that I have got to attend at their own homes all Government officers drawing under $2,000 a year, if requested. On the Caine Road level I have got 79 patients, of whom 41 are children. I take these in my morning round; if I am pressed I generally take these early in the morning starting out at half-past seven o'clock. From eight to ten I am supposed to be at home to receive out-patients-that is to say, patients coming in from the out-stations who then go down and report at the office after seeing me. I receive letters and summonses for the day or letters from long distances-patients saying how they are going on and whether they require visiting that day or whether I can put it off to another day. At ten o'clock I take a run round the Caine Road level as far as Fairlea; I have got two patients there in No. 7 Station and I take several stations en route. Then I come back to the Hospital. I ought to be at the Government Civil Hospital at 11.30. Then I see my own hospital patients; on an average we have 500 out-patients a month. Then I have the women; and then I go up to the office and I see the out-patients there and see who have come in and examine any men who have come up. I examine them first on entering the Force-a full examination-and then again three and six months after. They have to be vaccinated. No applicant for Government service, European, Indian, or Chinese, is accepted without being examined. After I have settled up all the out-work I have the books, signing up all discharges and admissions, cheques received for payments, the account books, check all the pay sheets which have to be in duplicate; in fact, I have to make several hundreds of signatures every month in the office.

THE PRESIDENT.-That is at the Civil Hospital?

Dr. AYRES.-Yes. Then I give the clerks the letters I have prepared for them to be copied and forwarded to the Government. Then I take the Queen's Road level, and, as I come along, I am often called in to the Supreme Court to the Attorney General's, the Crown Solicitor's and the Registrar General's--they often want to consult me-and sometimes I am called into the Post Office and so on. I may even have to come up to the Government Offices for some reason or other. I forgot I have a new duty. After the Government Civil Hospital, I have got to go to the Tung Wah Hospital every day, Sundays included. There is a special ward there that used to be the insane ward and is now laid out as a reception ward; there I examine every new reception and diagnose the case as far as possible, and those I am uncertain about are put into a special ward

(2)

for me to see on the following day and take notes of, especially fever cases. I have the charts taken by Mr. Ü-I-KAI, one of the passed men of the Medical College. He is in our service at the Hospital and he goes round with me as interpreter: then I examine all the dead bodies, all those brought in and all those of persons who have died in the Hospital. All this goes into a book, and is sent down to the Registrar General. This arrangement has been in force during the last month, and takes from an hour to an hour and a half.

Dr. PRESTON.-Is it only a temporary duty?

Dr. AYRES.-I have to continue it so long as there is no one else to do it. Then I go along Queen's Road; I have got patients as far as No. 1 Station and No. 2 Station, and I make calls at Praya Road and Queen's Road on the way back, I generally have one or two or three cases on the list, and sometimes they are pretty bad cases. In the plague time I had to cover the whole distance out to Kennedytown and right to Jardine's gates and during that time I had three or four bad fever cases.

Then I come back to the Club, and go through the patients in the Central District, all about Shelley Street, Peel Street, Stanley Street, &c.; I have got there Police Officers and Officers belonging to the different departments. Sometimes I visit the Gaol and the Central Police Station; there are three families in the Central Station. Then I go home. If get home to tiffin at three o'clock I am lucky. From three to five I see patients at my own house. Doctors call from the ships to have their diplomas verified; doctors on board ship may take charge of Europeans but not Chinese unless I have seen their diplomas and verified them,

Dr. PRESTON.-They come ashore for that?

Dr. AYRES.-They bring me their diplomas. If they are registered I merely look their names up in the last register and give them their certificates that they are qualified men. After that I may have to see some patients. Generally I get an hour and a half in the Club; that is my sole recreation, or in the summer time I go for a swim perhaps twice or thrice a week. After dinner I have the Government letters to work at and the drafts to prepare for the clerks first thing in the morning when I go to the office. During the plague time I wrote on an average every night till four o'clock and very often till dawn.

THE PRESIDENT.-Just now you have additional duties to perform at the Govern- ment Civil Hospital?

Dr. AYRES.-Yes; and I may have to stop and assist with operations and con- sultations.

Mr. THURBURN.-The Tung Wah visitation is not supposed to be your work; it is meant to be the work of the Assistant of the Civil Hospital?

Dr. AYRES.-I proposed that the Assistant there should do it, but he said it was not in his agreement and it certainly was not. Then as they refused to give him any- thing extra, he declined to do it. He was getting only $120 per month.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Was he not bound to do it?

Dr. PRESTON.-He was a free-lance?

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-I understand you are referring to Dr. Lowson.

Dr. AYRES.-They did not bind him down in any way; I am speaking of Dr. Lowson's brother. He is not in the Government service. We had no hold over him at all. He joined the service simply as a favour to his brother. The duty of visiting the Tung Wah falls upon me. I have a lot of outside questions to deal with, such as sanitation, and have occasional reports to make.

( 3 )

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you consider the present medical staff sufficient for the requirements of the Colony generally, or whether by redistribution it could be made sufficient?

Dr. AYRES.-Well, at times we are very heavily handicapped. The Hospital officers have all enough to do. For myself, if any of my patients require a second visit I have to call upon the Assistant Superintendent at the Hospital to do it for me. I have all sorts of cases all over the place and there are many occasions when I am called away from the Hospital. I have to remain at home if Dr. MARQUES goes to Kowloon or to the other side of the Island. He notifies me and I have to be in the

way in case of a call in his absence. When Dr. ATKINSON and Dr. Lowson are away I remain in case of accident at the Hospital. I have often to do operations myself. Last Sunday, I had two midwifery cases, two cut-throats and a disembowelling case to work by myself.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-The question under discussion is whether the general staff is not sufficient for the wants of the Colony.

Dr. AYRES.-You see, the Health Officer is a gentleman with a private practice; he is not properly an officer of the Government in this way that his salary does not carry any pension.

Dr. MARQUES was engaged originally as Assistant at the Hospital. Dr. WHARRY and he could not agree. Dr. MARQUES was appointed in 1880, and Dr. WHARRY said he was no service to him. The public mortuary was opened and as Dr. WHARRY wanted to get rid of the post mortem examinations which involved a lot of work, and a lot of Court work, it was decided to put Dr. MARQUES in charge of it and the Lock Hospital. Then when the C. D. Ordinance was abolished, the women, who had arrived at a knowledge of the benefit they derived from being examined, applied to the Registrar General to have the examination continued, but as it was a voluntary matter they refused to be examined by Dr. MARQUES. So he was removed to take charge of the Gaol. In surgical cases he renders very little service.

Dr. PRESTON.-Is the present staff sufficient for the wants of the Colony?

Dr. AYRES.-I think it is a question of dollars. I think there should be a Health Officer attached to the Sanitary Board as Superintendent. Mr. MCCALLUM should be responsible for all inside work and should be on the spot always. The Health Officer should do all the outside work. From a sanitary point of view it is a medical man's work to look after the health of the Colony.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think a redistribution of duties could be effected so that the present staff would be sufficient for the wants of the Colony?

Dr. AYRES.-By adding this Health Officer and having the men now in the Government service devoting their whole time to the work.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Then it is not sufficient? With a redistribution of duties and the addition of this Health Officer you think it would be sufficient?

Dr. AYRES.-I do not mean to say Dr. JORDAN does not do his full amount of work. He does; and his partner, Dr. BELL, is placed at our service for no fee whatever. He goes down to the Hospital when any of the staff is sick, without any fee or reward. Dr. PRESTON.-Then we may take it that with a Health Officer and the present medical staff a redistribution would do?

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-You would add three new officers ? Two of these medical

men are not in the Government service entirely.

Dr. AYRES.-The doctor of the Gaol is a Government officer now.

Dr. CANTLIE.-With the Health Officer of the port entirely devoted to Government service

you would have a sufficient staff?

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Dr. AYRES.-There is this to be said: Dr. MARQUES was put in under exceptional circumstances. I must say I was very much against his appointment but Mr. POPE HENNESSY insisted upon appointing him. None of the Europeans will have anything to do with him; they come at once to me.

He is not liked.

Dr. PRESTON.-None of what Europeans?

Dr. AYRES.-You see he is a Portuguese, and the European in the service do not like him and make complaints. It caused a good deal of trouble in the Hospital.

THE PRESIDENT.-That comes under another question. Do you consider MARQUES is competent to take over the duties of Medical Officer of the Civil Hospital, in the event of necessity?

Dr. AYRES.—No, sir; certainly not.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.—I should like to be clear on this point; if the Health Officer of the port were to devote his whole time and attention to the Government duties, and the present doctor of the Gaol also did so, which he does I believe, would it not be possible, if the Health Officer of the port were put on the permanent staff, to do away with Dr. MARQUES?

Dr. AYRES.-It would not be possible. If he were Health Officer for the Colony we could give him the work at Kowloon and the out-stations round the Island. We have a great difficulty in attending to them now. If there is any trouble over at Kowloon I have to send the Assistant Superintendent.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you mean by Health Officer of the port the same man as the Health Officer of the Sanitary Board?

Dr. AYRES.No.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.---That is what I say, you want three men altogether. Could you not amalgamate the duties of the Medical Officer of the Gaol and of the Health Officer who goes afloat?

Dr. AYRES.-If you saw the work that was done by Dr. JAMES for the Sanitary Board you would understand better. He assisted us as Sanitary Board Medical Officer during the plague, and if you look over his report and see the condition of things you will see the necessity for a Health Officer.

THE PRESIDENT.--Do you not consider it would be a better arrangement to have an officer in place of Dr. MARQUES under the control of the Colonial Surgeon, and available both at the Gaol and Civil Hospital, if required?

Dr. AYRES.-Yes. We could make use of him. Then in case of sickness any of these officers could be substituted. We are hampered now; if one man is down it is hard work, but if two are gone as is the case just now, there is only myself and Dr. MARQUES to stop the gap. It is utterly impossible for Dr. JORDAN to give us his services. He does give his services for consultation and helps me in midwifery cases, and also helps in operations at the Hospital if wanted, and he goes a good deal out of his way to give us assistance.

Dr. PRESTON.-If he had no private practice he would be a great deal more at liberty to give his assistance.

Dr. AYRES.-Certainly.

Certainly. And the out-stations would be better looked after.

Mr. THURBURN.-Does the Gaol work take up much time?

THE PRESIDENT.--What authority have you as Colonial Surgeon over the Health Officer of the port?

(5).

Dr. AYRES. All orders from the Government to him are sent through me; all reports he has to make in regard to cases on board ship are sent through me. He is under my orders.

orders. I give him his instructions. He is included in my department. Every dollar he expends, I have to know the why and the wherefore.

THE PRESIDENT.-Can you suggest any better arrangement than the present in connection with the Health Officer of the port?

Dr. AYRES.--What I have suggested covers that.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think it would be advisable to appoint a Medical Officer of Health to combine the duties of the port and the Colony?

Dr. AYRES.No.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would he have enough to do without going afloat?

Dr. AYRES.-Yes; he would have to travel over the Peak Districts.

THE PRESIDENT.-If he had an Assistant Health Officer, could he combine the port and the Colony?

Dr. AYRES.-I do not think the Health Officer of the port has anything to do with the Health Officer of the Board.

Dr. CANTLIE.--But practically you are the Health Officer of the Sanitary Board and all medical matters connected with the port go through you, and the system works well enough, does it not?

Dr. AYRES. Suppose he is out looking after the shipping and something occurs on shore that requires inquiring into, everything would have to be delayed.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Unless he has an assistant.

Dr. AYRES.-One man could not do the work.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would it be better to have two separate men with two separate appointments, or one man with an assistant?

Dr. AYRES.-Two separate men.

THE PRESIDENT.-Is there enough work for the Health Officer of the port without private practice?

Dr. AYRES.-Dr. JORDAN could not do the private practice if he had not Dr. BELL'S assistance.

Mr. THURBURN.--Dr. BELL practically does the work of the port?

Dr. AYRES.-Except the examination of emigrants, that Dr. JORDAN does himself and all cases of quarantine. Dr. BELL has of course assisted him; he is a perfectly competent officer.

Dr. PRESTON.—But it is purely a private arrangement. Dr. BELL is not recognised by the Government?

Dr. AYRES.-That is so..

Mr. THURBURN.-Is there any inconvenience to shipping by this arrangement?

Dr. AYRES.-I have never heard of any complaints forwarded to the Government. If a ship wants to see Dr. JORDAN, he goes. In all important questions, Dr. BELL reports to Dr. JORDAN and Dr. JORDAN goes at once himself.

THE PRESIDENT.-Will you tell us what arrangement could be made in case of the Hygeia being full of patients suffering from small-pox or cholera ?

Dr. AYRES.-At present I have insisted on retaining Kennedy Station as an Epidemic Hospital.

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Dr. PRESTON.-The Police Station.

Dr. AYRES.-Yes; and we have got it.

Dr. CANTLIE.-But in regard to men to take charge of it?

Dr. AYRES.-It is the Assistant Superintendent of the Civil Hospital who takes charge of the Hygeia.

Mr. THURBURN.—But suppose there was an epidemic and the Hygeia was full of small-pox or cholera patients, too great a strain would be put upon the Civil Hospital staff?

Dr. AYRES.-In that case Dr. ATKINSON has to take sole charge of the Hospital, and I am called in to assist him; because we cannot have the Assistant Superintendent off at infectious cases and then coming in to surgical cases in the Hospital. He comes ashore perhaps to look after the Lunatic Asylum. In the case of the outbreak of plague we would have been unable to cope with it if we had not got the assistance of the Military and Naval doctors. With the arrangement I have suggested we could work without any trouble.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do I understand from you, Dr. AYRES, that you require six medical men—the Colonial Surgeon, the Superintendent for the Civil Hospital with his Assistant, a Sanitary Board medical man, a doctor for the Gaol, and a doctor for the port? It seems to me that is a large number for such a small Colony as Hongkong.

Dr. AYRES.—It is not a large number to do the work. At times, Dr. ATKINSON has been down, Dr. MARQUES has been away twice for long periods in Hospital, Dr. Lowson has been down several times and not only that, he has had to go away-he has had more leave than any of us.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--For all practical purposes, that is your opinion?

Dr. AYRES.-Every one of us is working night and day. We have no hours of duty; we are not on from 10 to 5, but we are simply there to be called upon when wanted, and all clerical work is done at night.

Mr. THURBURN.--Is there a larger number of patients in the Hospital now than in Dr. WHARRY's time?

Dr. AYRES.-The Hospital is three times the size it was in Dr. WHARRY'S time. THE PRESIDENT.-To what extent do the Chinese come into the Hospital?

Dr. AYRES.-There were 613 Chinese admitted to the Hospital last year, and there were 5,721 out-patients at the Hospital. We have done everything to encourage them, and at the beginning of this year we had a board put up outside informing them that we gave them two hours in three afternoons every week for consultations and distribut- ing medicines gratis, without their being required to remain in the Hospital. But the thing against our Hospital is the post-mortem examination. It is not that post-mortem examinations are not conducted in ordinary hospitals, but in most of our cases, which are brought in by the police, inquiries are held at the Magistracy and the reports appear in the newspapers. What appears in the English newspapers is copied into the Chinese, and our Hospital has, therefore, a record for cutting people up. We have never got over that prejudice.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think the minimum charges for in-patients (Chinese) are too high?

Dr. AYRES.-There is no charge for Chinese patients. The only Chinese patients that pay anything are Government officials. The men belonging to the Police pay a minimum charge according to their salaries.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Any Chinese patient would be taken in free?

(7)

Dr. AYRES.-Every Chinaman that comes in voluntarily or is brought in by the police is treated for nothing.

Mr. THURBURN.—But you would treat gratis a merchant or shopkeeper possessed of means?

Dr. AYRES.-No; you would not get that class to come in. If they came we would not take them for nothing. We get only the lower class Chinese. Since I have been attending the Tung Wah Hospital I have seen many curious things; one thing is that well-to-do Chinamen are turned out of their houses in a dying condition and brought to the Tung Wah, and huge coffins are then brought for their bodies simply because they would not have them dying in their own houses.

Dr. CANTLIE.-There is no doubt about that.

THE PRESIDENT.-To what extent have non-Government Hospitals been visited and inspected in the past, and what improved arrangements, if any, should be made for the frequent and regular inspection of such institutions in the future ?

Dr. AYRES.-There is only the Tung Wah Hospital. The Alice and Nethersole Hospitals are both under European supervision and I have never had any authority to visit them. The Tung Wah Hospital I have always seen, and been in and out there continually. My only authority in the old days was to see it was kept clean and that the patients were not brutally treated. We had rows about the treatment of the insane, but that treatment has been alleviated.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do the medical staff or the Committee of the Tung Wah put any obstacles in your way?

Dr. AYRES.-Not at all. If there is I report to the Registrar General. The Registrar General sees some of the Committee the next morning, and if what I have ordered is not done he goes down there himself and arranges matters satisfactorily.

Mr. THURBURN.-But now there is a daily visit?

Dr. AYRES.-Yes; and I see all through the Hospital. This is additional work to the medical staff of the Colony.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you consider you have now sufficient power to deal with the Tung Wah Hospital in a satisfactory manner?

Dr. AYRES.-Quite. They recognise my authority.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-You cannot suggest any improvement?

Dr. AYRES.-No; unless it is taken out of the hands of the Chinese, and I do not think that would do any good. From what I have seen in the last month, I am satisfied that no European surgeon could save 50 per cent. of those who come to the Hospital. They come in in an absolutely dying condition, in a state of collapse, comatose. It is in many cases only a matter of a few hours. During the last month I have removed five or six surgical cases to my own Hospital.

Dr. CANTLIE. Do you think it would be possible to make a separation there into two classes—those sent in practically to die and those who are really sent in for treatment?

Dr. AYRES.-There are a great many that are not Hospital cases. If they were in our Hospital, I would inform the Registrar General that we could do nothing for these patients. The Tung Wah is like a sort of workhouse. There are many such cases. In some cases we have done all we could for a man and unless he is to live there for all time until he dies he is only occupying a bed that is badly wanted.

( 8 )

Dr. CANTLIE.-Then there are three classes of cases? Those who come to die, the convalescents or chronic invalids, and the ordinary hospital patients?

Dr. AYRES.—I would recommend that these chronic cases should be got out by degrees and sent away to their native villages. Most of these people come from outside the Colony. Some say they come from the islands in the neighbourhood, some say from Singapore. There is not one in five who actually belongs to the Colony.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you pay more than one visit a day?

Dr. AYRES.-No. I do not think more frequent visits would serve any good purpose. It would only harass them. I see every patient admitted. I see all the dead bodies before they are taken away. The ordinary Hospital patients are smallest in number. They have a great many cases of remittent and intermittent fever. I watch these cases until their temperature is down to normal. The daily number of admissions since I took to visiting the Hospital is about six; sometimes thirteen or fourteen and sometimes only three or four. There are six or seven corpses a day. I see all the admissions—those brought in to die also.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think any scheme for the establishment of dispensaries for the sale of European drugs, at nominal prices, to Chinese, with a view of popularising Western medicines, is practicable or desirable?

Dr. AYRES.--In the light of experience I do not think it is desirable. I had charge of four of these outside dispensaries in India, and we were supposed to charge all that could be charged and we had very little money out of them. What we got would not have paid two days' working expenses a month. The natives came for quinine, cod liver oil and bark, drugs which they were accustomed to use themselves but which we had done up in better form, but nothing else.

Mr. THURBURN.-The object why this question is asked is because the Government have an idea of spreading a knowledge of foreign drugs amongst the Chinese.

Dr. AYRES.-There was a dispensary of this sort in Queen's Road; it worked there for a long time, but it seems to have disappeared lately.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Was there not one in Wanchai?

Dr. CANTLIE.-It was the Nethersole Dispensary; it has been made into the Nethersole Hospital.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think if these dispensaries were established they would be self-supporting?

Dr. AYRES.-Certainly not.

THE PRESIDENT.-What extra cost would be involved?

Dr. AYRES.-Mr. CROW, the Government Analyst, sent in a long report on that subject. (At this point Dr. AYRES entered into a statement about the inability of Mr. Ü-I-KAI to diagnose cases shown to him in the Tung Wah Hospital. He stated Mr. Ü-I-KAI was a very smart boy, but he could not diagnose these cases.)

Mr. THURBURN.-The Government had an idea of setting up these dispensaries to encourage these students of the College of Medicine to set up in practice as doctors among the Chinese in the Colony.

Dr. AYRES.-They have not been able to get a practice so far as I can see. One is in Borneo and another is in Honolulu.

(9)

Mr. THURBURN.-There are some coming on now, and the Government idea is to help them to set up in practice by putting them in charge of these dispensaries. They would be supplied with instruments because they are too poor to get them for them- selves; and it is thought by doing this that a knowledge of Western methods would be spread amongst the Chinese.

Dr. CANTLIE.-There is another use intended for them; it is thought they might be able to report cases of disease around them. That is the chief reason and that would be their chief use to the Government. Supposing these men were put in charge of a number of dispensaries, they might be very intelligent sanitary officers and by reporting cases of disease could prevent an epidemic.

Dr. AYRES.-You might give them some encouragement to settle down and give them a start by setting them up in dispensaries, but I do not think anything would be gained.

Mr. THURBURN.-You think a Chinaman is not capable of being a doctor?

Dr. AYRES.—I do not think they could be relied upon for surgical cases judging from my experience of young Baboos in India. I have already given my opinion about these dispensaries, and I got Mr. Crow to draw up a report from the dispenser's point of view; the matter is purely one of expense and must rest with the Government. I think the Government might very well encourage these young men to set up in private practice, but I do not think you will get them to settle down after five years' education and accept a salary of $30 a month.

Dr. CANTLIE. Dr. AYRES thinks it would be good enough to have these men on a small salary to report cases of disease in the neighbourhood.

Dr. AYRES.-You might even assist them with a small amount of medicine, but if you are going to let them handle big amounts you will want somebody to look after them.

Dr. PRESTON.-For a "squeeze" they would suppress the information?

Dr. CANTLIE.-But if you have to rely on a European you will not get any informa- tion at all. You must take your chance of "squeezing."

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-There are one or two points which have been overlooked. We are to enquire whether the scheme suggested by the Acting Superintendent of the Civil Hospital for training nurses locally is possible or desirable.

Dr. AYRES.-The reason why that suggestion is made is because when these ladies were engaged by the Secretary of State strict orders were laid down that they were to have six months' leave at the end of six years and their passages paid home and out again. That is their agreement and it is insisted upon. I am sorry to say there is always an occasional sick one amongst them; there has been one laid up for ten days or a fortnight. If we give leave we must have some assistance to the other Sisters who remain, and it is proposed that some of these Eurasian and Chinese girls might train as nurses so that the Sisters may get their leave; otherwise we will have to apply to the Secretary of State and get two additional Sisters to act while the others are on leave.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-What is the position proposed to be given to these Eurasians? Are they to be considered to be on an equal footing with the same privileges as the Sisters ?

Dr. AYRES. They would be only superior amahs. It is proposed to get them into training, there is no end of wants-nurses are wanted outside and they might be useful for outside work. They would be got from Miss JOHNSTONE'S school. If you got them, it would be very much for the benefit of the Colony.

(10)

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Where would these nurses be located?

Dr. AYRES.-At present the arrangement is that after they had finished duty at the Hospital they would go back to Miss JOHNSTONE'S. Miss JOHNSTONE's is quite close to the Hospital.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-One girl might be taken from Miss JOHNSTONE'S and another from another institution. The scheme does not say the girls would be taken entirely from Miss Johnstone's.

Dr. AYRES.-If any other institution were willing to work on the same terms; all we propose to give is $5 per month as a start--a subsistence allowance.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-To bring the question to a point. Dr. Lowson's idea is not that these girls-who I presume would be Eurasians-would ever be allowed to become part of the nursing staff; they would never be permitted to take up their quarters in the same house as the nurses or mess with them?

Dr. AYRES.-No. The period when leave would be taken by the Sisters will cover four

years; then there will be an interval when none will be on leave. Five of them came out together, then four, and then three more close on them, and there are two more further on.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Do you think it would be possible to institute a training for nurses here? In the case of the Civil Hospital nurses some get married after coming out, some go away, and some die, and in the natural course of things all these Sisters you now have will be away and others will have to be brought out from home at considerable expense to the Government. Do not you think it would be possible to have training for nurses here? There are two or three young ladies in the Colony who might wish to go in for nursing in the same way as these Sisters brought out here.

Dr. AYRES.-The young ladies out here would not care to go through the training these Sisters have undergone at home. These Sisters have washed down wards and done everything from the lowest grade. We could never train them out here.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You do not think we could train nurses out here so as to take the place of these Sisters ?

Dr. AYRES.--No. It is only a question of dollars, and this suggestion was made to save the Government the expense of having two extra nurses out while the others were taking leave. I would like to add to my evidence that my duties do not allow me much time for the inspection of Hospitals. This is the only Colony I have ever seen where the head of the medical department has night and day work and where he is absolutely compelled to have night and day duty. I have not had an interval since 1886, when I had five months' leave; and I have been on duty every hour since. I have not left the Colony beyond going out for a swim.

(11)

Meeting held 18th January, 1895.

Present: Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. McCONACHIE.

Dr. JAMES CANTLIE.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Miss EASTMOND, Matron, Government Civil Hospital, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-We have asked Miss EASTMOND to attend to give us some information concerning the Civil Hospital; tell us the number of your nursing staff.

Miss EASTMOND.-There are nine Sisters altogether, including myself. There are always three on duty for eight hours at a stretch; from 6 a.m. to 2 p.m., from 2 p.m.

and from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.

to 10 p.m.,

THE PRESIDENT.-The nature of your duties varies according to the character of the cases in Hospital?

Miss EASTMOND.-Yes. The staff is not sufficient if one is on leave or if anyone knocks up.

THE PRESIDENT.--Have the Sisters any stated time for leave?

Miss EASTMOND.-By the Secretary of State's Despatch No. 51 of 1894 we are supposed to have six months' leave every six years on half-pay.

Dr. CANTLIE.-When you came out here there was no agreement as to leave?

Miss EASTMOND.-We were bound for five years-that is up to 6th November of this year. We had no stipulation for holidays. We thought there would be no difficulty in getting holidays if we required them.

Dr. CANTLIE. That is six months in six years?

Miss EASTMOND.-Yes, if we remain on.

THE PRESIDENT.-Only one can go away at a time? Miss EASTMOND.-There is no mention of that. There would be always one at home on leave; but the Sisters would require vacation leave of two months a year if they could get it.

THE PRESIDENT.-Is there any stipulation in your agreement for vacation leave ?

Miss EASTMOND.-No; but in our agreement it says we shall be allowed the same privileges as the other Government servants.

Mr. THURBURN.-You do not think the present staff sufficient for the work to be done, taking leave into consideration?

Miss EASTMOND.-No. I have heard of Dr. Lowson's proposal to train up nurses from Miss JOHNSTONE'S school.

THE PRESIDENT.-When a Sister is on leave at present, is there any provision for her duties being done?

Miss EASTMOND.-The Sisters arrange amongst themselves. The wardmasters are not on leave. Each Sister has two amahs to assist her.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Is the Matron of the Lock Hospital under you?

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Miss EASTMOND.--No. I cannot say now what staff she had under her, but she had an amah. None of the wardmasters or the boys in the Civil Hospital are under me. In the wards the boys are under the supervision of the Sisters. The Sisters sometimes report to me and sometimes to the doctor, as necessary.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Is the provision made for the Sisters quite satisfactory?

Miss EASTMOND.-They think six months' leave rather short. It means only four months at home in six years. Five of us came out at the same time, and the reason why six months was suggested was to spread the leave over a certain time. It will take four and a half years to give us leave.

Mr. THURBURN.—Do you think Dr. Lowson's proposal will meet the difficulty?

Miss EASTMOND.-I have read Dr. Lowson's memorandum. Of course, this is an untried scheme, and one cannot say whether it would answer or not. The only thing is to try it. I approve of its being tried; but I should like to get Dr. ATKINSON'S opinion on it. I think we ought to wait and see what he has to say about it.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-What would be the ultimate position these girls would attain in the Hospital?

Miss EASTMOND.-Nothing; they would have to leave after a time. They could not come on as Sisters. We could not train Sisters sufficiently at the Civil Hospital. We could not train them to become Sisters; they might do private nursing but they could not hold the same position as nurses at home. There is not enough experience here to train Sisters.

THE PRESIDENT.-How long do you think these girls would require for training? Miss EASTMOND.-Dr. Lowson suggests two or three years.

Dr. CANTLIE.-There are nine Sisters; could you not employ these girls in the Hospital permanently if you are going to have them for the four and a half years over which the leave extends? Do not you think it would be a pity to lose them? Do you think you could do with fewer Sisters and more probationers?

Miss EASTMOND.-These girls would cease to be probationers. I do not think they could take the place of Sisters. They would not have the same influence with the patients. They would require to be constantly under the eye of the Sisters.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You do not think you could decrease the number of Sisters and increase the number of probationers?

Miss EASTMOND.-I could not say so now.

Dr. CANTLIE.-If trained up to take charge of a ward, do you think you could reduce the number of Sisters ?

Miss EASTMOND.-I am afraid I could not say so far ahead.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think there is work for them with the present staff?

Miss EASTMOND.-I do not think they are needed, but they might be useful when any of the Sisters are knocked up. Since we came out the number of Chinese patients has increased, and there are more surgical cases. That means that there is more work

in the Hospital.

this

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would you like help?

Leave begins

Miss EASTMOND.-I think we are able to do the work quite well. year. One Sister goes this year. Some people say we are entitled to the same leave as other Government servants, according to our agreement.

THE PRESIDENT.-Is it proposed to have these probationers only?

( 13 )

Miss EASTMOND.-The idea was to have them for two or three years; to try how the scheme would work it was proposed to have them for two or three months, and if they answered to bind them for two or three years. In 1896 one Sister goes on six months' leave, and three would be due in 1897, two in 1898, one in 1899 and one in 1900.

The President.—Have two Sisters been away at the same time for any length of time?

Miss EASTMOND.-Only for two months; they were up in Japan.

Dr. CANTLIE. Do not you think these girls you propose to train at the Hospital could be made useful for Government employ, to nurse the wives of policemen and Government servants not receiving a high rate of pay, or to nurse privately?

Miss EASTMOND.--I could not say if you could employ them; it would be a risky enterprise, I think.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would it not be good to have one or two distinct nurses in con- nection with the Government Civil Hospital for policemen's wives and their children?

Miss EASTMOND.-I should not like to say.

Dr. PRESTON.-Who attends to these patients now?

Miss EASTMOND.-Portuguese chiefly and Chinese. Our Sisters are sent out from home; they are trained in the London Hospitals. We have no difficulty in getting them.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Suppose any young lady in Hongkong were to offer herself to be trained as a nurse?

Miss EASTMOND.-It would mean that probationers would have to rough it a good deal. These girls would have to live at Miss JOHNSTONE'S.

Dr. CANTLIE.--I don't mean these girls; I mean young ladies who would wish to train as nurses. Do not you think you could give them sufficient training?

Miss EASTMOND.-If you want to train a nurse you want her constantly under your eye. I feel I could not possibly train a nurse as they are trained at home. should not like to say I could; I do not think I could do it properly.

Dr. CANTLIE.-The chief reason is that you have no accommodation for them at the Hospital?

Miss EASTMOND.-I do not think the cases here lend themselves in the same way for training a nurse.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do not you think they could train sufficiently here to deal with the class of cases we meet with in the tropics?

Miss EASTMOND.-In the same way as we could train these Eurasian girls, but not to take the place of the Sisters in the Hospital.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-That is the one great point; you could not train them suffi- ciently to take the position of Sisters in the Hospital?

Miss EASTMOND.-No.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You could give them a local certificate?

Miss EASTMOND.--Yes.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Any vacancies occurring in the staff would require to be filled up from home?

Miss EASTMOND.-Yes; if you keep the staff as at present.

( 14 )

Mr. THURBURN. It is a certainty that you are too short when two Sisters go on leave? The remaining ones would be too hard worked?

Miss EASTMOND.-Yes.

Mr. THURBURN.--So that it would be almost a necessity to get more Sisters from home or to get a supply here or to get the assistance of these girls.

Miss EASTMOND.-Why we thought of this scheme was that it would be cheaper than getting Sisters from home.

Mr. THURBURN.--If you have the assistance of these girls when two Sisters are at home, would you be able to carry on the work?

Miss EASTMOND.-Yes; but before trying it I should like to get Dr. ATKINSON'S opinion about it. He is expected in March. Of course, he may have other views. We propose at present to take on only two on trial. I know the girls.

I know the girls. They are Eurasians. They are likely to do well. I have never had experience of Eurasians, but I think they might be tried. They are 18 or 19 years of age. It is proposed. to give them $5 a month for the first year and a uniform.

Dr. PRESTON.--You think they would be of great assistance to you at the Hospital? Miss EASTMOND.-I think they would; at least, I hope they would.

Dr. CANTLIE.-What title would you give them the first year?

Miss EASTMOND.Probationers or nurses.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-I understand the most economical way in the end would be to get out an additional Sister to be availed of when leave was taken by the others?

Miss EASTMOND.-There is that question to be taken into consideration instead of this scheme. Of course, it is an untried scheme.

Mr. THURBURN.—It would be much more satisfactory to have an additional Sister? Dr. PRESTON.—Yes, I think it would be more satisfactory to have another Sister. Miss EASTMOND.-Yes; because anything untried is a risk.

Dr. PRESTON:-But in any case-

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-The question is whether it would not be the best policy to get out another Sister to relieve the pressure when leave comes. round. One extra: Sister would be worth two probationers.

Dr. PRESTON.Yes, more.

THE PRESIDENT.-Have you any lady here who could undertake the work without instruction?

Miss EASTMOND.--No; I do not think so.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do not you think you could get the menial work taken off your hands?

Miss EASTMOND.-It would be difficult to get a lady here to come in and make eighteen beds of a morning.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.—What would be your idea? Whether it would be better to give this scheme a trial or to get out an additional nurse? I think you ought to be able to arrive at an idea about that. We ought to know your idea about it. Not which would be cheapest.

Miss EASTMOND.-Well, if you get another Sister we know exactly what we can get and know it will succeed. With probationers, although one hopes it would succeed, it is impossible to say; it is an untried scheme.

( 15 )

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-There is no doubt, I think, that the difficulty would be met if we got an additional nurse out from home. But sometimes two nurses would be going on leave at the same time, would you manage with one additional nurse?

Miss EASTMOND.-Yes; unless the work increased.

Mr. THURBURN.--The only object of Dr. Lowson's scheme is cheapness absolutely; there is no other advantage is there?

Dr. CANTLIE.-There is this that trained nurses would be available for the Colony.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-It is very desirable, of course, to have trained nurses for work in the Colony, but what we have to do with is to consider what is best for the Govern- ment Civil Hospital. Outside nursing is beyond the scope of our inquiry.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think the remuneration is sufficient for the nurses? Miss EASTMOND.-The pay is not what it was when we came out.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Have you got exchange compensation?

Miss EASTMOND.-Yes.

Dr. MARQUES, Medical Officer, Victoria Gaol, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Will you give us an idea of the general routine of your duties?

Dr. MARQUES.—I visit the Gaol every morning at half-past nine o'clock and see all the prisoners ordered for punishment; they are dealt with in accordance with my report. I see all the prisoners who are in Hospital and those reported to be unable to do work; and I wait to see the Superintendent of the Gaol and attend all the floggings. I have also to examine the new prisoners and those who are on solitary confinement, to attend the female gaol and pass the prisoners awarded punishment and attend to those prisoners reported sick. I have also to attend the families of the officers any time I am called-gaol turnkeys who live outside.

Dr. PRESTON.-Do they live far from the Gaol?

Dr. MARQUES.-Yes, some at East Point and some at West Point. There are more than thirty turnkeys. Of these ten are married. The gaol guards have also to be attended by me.

I may be called to the Gaol at any time. I never go to the Peak or to Kowloon without asking permission from Dr. AYRES. The number of patients in the

As a rule most of

Gaol varies. The daily average inside the Hospital is about twenty. There are out- patients as well. As a rule most of my work is done in one visit, but I have to make three visits sometimes. During the plague I visited regularly twice a day.

Dr. CANTLIE.-How long would it take to do your duties?

Dr. MARQUES.-Three hours; sometimes over. Yesterday, I was over three hours. I am on duty night and day. I have also to attend post mortem examinations. Last year we had only forty post mortems. I have to attend inquiries at the Magistracy. When I was first appointed we had as many as 180 post mortem examinations a year. In addition to the 40 made by me, Dr. Lowson had a good many last year at the Govern- ment Civil Hospital, and Dr. CANTLIE made some at the Mortuary with my assistance.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would you say there were one post mortem a week between the Civil Hospital and the Mortuary and the Gaol ?

Dr. MARQUES.-I do not know about the Hospital. Last year there were very few post mortems in the Gaol. It is a Government order that a post mortem should be made on every prisoner who dies in the Gaol. I am required to live near the Gaol. I get an allowance in lieu of quarters.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are you under any agreement with the Government?

( 16 )

Dr. MARQUES.--I was originally appointed Acting Superintendent of the Civil Hospital, then Assistant Superintendent and afterwards I was appointed Resident Surgeon of the Lock Hospital. Then I was appointed Medical Officer of the Gaol. I was appointed by Lord DERBY in 1883 for the Lock Hospital, and I was transferred in 1887 to the Gaol. My appointment has never been confirmed, because I never applied.

Dr. PRESTON.-Are you entitled to a pension?

Dr. MARQUES.-I do not know.

THE PRESIDENT.--It is a mistake on your part in not having a written agreement. Have you a private practice?

Dr. MARQUES.--No. I sometimes give assistance in Police cases. poor people in the town, but that is merely out of charity.

I attend some

Dr. CANTLIE.-With the time at your disposal after doing the Gaol, could you do the Civil Hospital?

Dr. MARQUES.-No; because I leave the Gaol about twelve o'clock going there about nine. If I had to attend at the Civil Hospital the daily routine of the Gaol would be upset. I could not attend the Gaol in the afternoon because the prisoners have to be examined for punishment in the morning. The work of the Gaol must be done in the forenoon. The prisoners are reported in the morning if they are unfit for work, and sometimes I send them back to the same work, sometimes to lighter work and sometimes to the hospital. The prisoners would like to be examined in the afternoon, because they would be off work all the morning.

Mr. THURBURN.-How many prisoners are there to be examined every morning? Does it take three hours?

Dr. MARQUES.—Yes; it depends on the number to be examined. Any prisoner that will report himself sick must be examined, forty or fifty would be the average. There is a good deal of malingering.

Dr. CANTLIE.-How many floggings have you ?

Dr. MARQUES.-Sometimes two or three a day; perhaps twenty a month. The floggings take place after the work is over. Every prisoner is examined before flogging.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Is there anything you could suggest in the direction of re-arranging the work of the Gaol?

· Dr. MARQUES.—I would like to suggest the training of a turnkey to take the place of one of the warders when required. Last month the warder had fever and applied for leave and we could not get a substitute. We had to apply to the Civil Hospital. One was sent, but, I believe, not without causing some inconvenience in the service of that establishment. A new man, untrained, could not do the work. We have at present acting as assistant warder a turnkey. We want one really well-trained dispenser. Mr. FLORES, the wardmaster, gets $55 a month and he has free quarters. He keeps also the books. The assistant wardmaster lives outside at East Point.

Dr. CANTLIE.-What leave do you get?

Dr. MARQUES.--If I go on leave I must get some one to do my work. I am entitled, I believe, to twelve months' leave after every five years. I have been in the Govern- ment service fourteen years, and have never applied for leave. I have been off duty a couple of days. The Government would not put some one in my place as substitute if I went on holiday. I cannot suggest any re-arrangement of the duties at the Gaol with- out interfering with the daily routine. There is no stipulation in my agreement that I an not to take private practice.

THE PRESIDENT.-You only order diet for the prisoners when they are sick?

( 17 )

Dr. MARQUES.-When I think they are not fit to undergo the ordinary punish- ment. I order the diet to-day for to-morrow.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-When you were in the Civil Hospital had

patients?

Dr. MARQUES.-Yes. I think they have more now.

you many Chinese

Mr. MCCONACHIE. Have the Chinese any objection to go to the Civil Hospital? Dr. MARQUES.—I believe, as a rule, the Chinese prefer native doctors.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you know of any means by which the Civil Hospital might be made more popular with the Chinese community? I am speaking of the poorer classes. They go freely to the Nethersole and Alice Memorial Hospitals; why do not they go equally freely to the Civil Hospital?

Dr. MARQUES.-They are more strict in the Civil Hospital. In the Alice Memorial Hospital the Chinese are allowed to take their own food and see their friends daily.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think the diet for the Chinese at the Civil Hospital is suffi-

cient?

Dr. MARQUES.-Yes, I think it is very good diet at the Civil Hospital and that of the Chinese prisoners in the Gaol fairly good. I do not think it is a question of diet, but a question of discipline. I think that is the reason why the private hospitals are more popular with the Chinese than the Civil Hospital. The Chinese have the impres- sion that the Alice Memorial is half Chinese. On the question of dispensaries I would suggest, as I wrote in my annual report last year, the establishment of a dispensary at Yaumati for the poorer classes; a good many people there have no money to come over to Hongkong. I think this dispensary should be under one of the men trained by the London Mission at the Alice Memorial Hospital. A good many people go to the Alice Memorial Hospital for medicine. I believe it would make Western medicines more popular if dispensaries were opened at Taipingshan and Wanchai and in the different districts of the town under trained native men from the Alice Memorial Hospital.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think these dispensaries could be made self-supporting? Dr. MARQUES. No. I think they could be worked by the Government or by private charity.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you think they would be honestly administered? These men would be men of some character? You would have every confidence in them?

Dr. MARQUES.--Yes; they are Dr. CANTLIE's pupils.

Dr. CANTLIE.-I should not like to guarantee them.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Is it not a fact, considering the native character, that so soon as they feel they are no longer under restraint or not being looked over personally these men would become demoralised?

Dr. MARQUES.-I would suggest that they should be kept under European super- vision.

Dr. CANTLIE.-The experience in Japan is that after 30 or 35 years, in spite of the fact that Western education is so widespread there, the men go back to the native

customs.

Mr. THURBURN.-Messrs. A. S. WATSON & Co. sell a tremendous amount of medi- cines to Chinese. What do they sell?

Dr. CANTLIE.-Chinese drugs.

Dr. MARQUES.—I am not aware of it, but I believe they sell a lot of patent medicines as in every Dispensary.

( 18 )

Meeting held 22nd January, 1895.

Present:-Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. McCONACHIE.

Dr. JAMES CANTLIE.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

H. B. LETHBRIDGE, Esq., Superintendent Victoria Gaol, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Tell us generally the duties of the Medical Officer of the Gaol.

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.--Every morning he has to see the complaining sick in Gaol, the prisoners who may be admitted to Gaol the day before, the prisoners on the report who are brought down to me to be dealt with. He has to visit the punishment cells and see all prisoners in solitary confinement; he has to see any prisoners who may be in the separate cells who may happen to be sick. He has to see only the sick in separate cells. Once a week he makes a general examination of all prisoners. They are paraded for that purpose and he inspects them. Occasionally he should see the rations and see if they are of good quality.

THE PRESIDENT.-Only in cases of complaint?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-No; whether there is a complaint or not. He has also to examine all candidates for employment in the Gaol. He has to attend to any of the staff who happen to be sick and their families.

town.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do the families live outside ?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-Yes. They are scattered about a good deal throughout the

Dr. PRESTON. Are there many families?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-Ten, altogether. There are ten married men living outside.

Mr. THURBURN.-Does that regular morning routine take long every morning?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-Well, Dr. MARQUES is in the Gaol on an average two and a half hours every morning. The work depends, I suppose, very much on the character of the Medical Officer.

THE PRESIDENT.-You think he might get through in less time on an average?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-Well, I do not think I can say that. It depends on what is the matter with each individually, and how much time he has to devote to each prisoner. I find that the average number of complaining sick daily is 30, that is approximately. The daily average number of new prisoners, taking last year's figures, is 13. The daily average number of prisoners who have to be inspected prior to being dealt with for breach of prison discipline, 14. There are 43 European members of the prison staff, whom he might be called upon to see from time to time; there are 8 Chinese members of the staff; and there are 20 Indians. The daily average number of prisoners on No. 3 or light labour by doctor's orders last year was 105. These prisoners would have to be inspected by the Medical Officer before they are put on hard labour again, before they are taken off the No. 3 book.

Dr. PRESTON. What is the nature of the medical inspection they undergo before being put on hard labour? Is it only a casual inspection?

( 19 )

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-No. The doctor tests their heart and feels their pulse and looks at them generally and makes a note of their physique, I suppose, and considers whether the man is fit for the various degrees of hard labour, such as the crank and shot or stone drill.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you have many reports of malingering?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-No; never.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you think it is necessary that there should be a medical man whose whole duty should be devoted to the Gaol? Is there sufficient, do you think, to occupy his whole attention?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.It is rather difficult for me to say not knowing how long it is necessary to devote to the examination of the men brought before him. There is a very large number. It seems to me the number is excessive. The daily average number in Gaol for the last year was 455. Well, if there are 105 of those men on No. 3 labour by the doctor's orders it is a very large proportion, and if there are so many it seems to me it must occupy a great deal of time to inspect them.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-I think we have it on evidence from Dr. MARQUES that it took him three hours a day.

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-I do not think anybody could do it in two hours; and in addition he is liable to be called into the Gaol at any moment and he should be there to inspect newly admitted prisoners and report before I see them in the morning, which I do at 10 o'clock.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Is there any possibility of having the medical inspection in the afternoon instead of the morning?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-It would be most inconvenient. In fact, it would be impos- sible. It is never done in the afternoon anywhere. It must be carried out any hour from 7 to 10 as necessary.

Mr. THURBURN.-Do you think it would be inconvenient suppose there were three doctors in the Civil Hospital, one of whose duty it was to do the Gaol work? I suppose there would be no difficulty in his attending to do the routine duties, but in regard to his being liable to be called there at any time? Do you think it would be inconvenient to have a mari at the Civil Hospital to do the Gaol work?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.--So long as he performs certain duties before 10 o'clock, he could take other duty to fit in with any other work, such as taking men off No. 3 book ; that could be done subsequent to 10 o'clock. In fact, it is.

Mr. THURBURN.-Are there many calls every day in ordinary times?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-I would say once a week at the very outside.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Are you connected between the Gaol and the Civil Hospital by telephone?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-No.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Is it necessary that flogging should be done in the forenoon?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-I prefer it should be inflicted as soon as possible after a man is sentenced. It is not possible to do it before 10 o'clock. It can be done punctually at 11 o'clock. The warden is supposed to be present to see the infliction of flogging. The warden is the next senior officer to the Superintendent of the Gaol. He is not available before nearly 11 o'clock. It depends on the number of prisoners to report, the number of interviews and the number of newly admitted prisoners.

Dr. CANTLIE.What could be the latest hour at which it could be done?

( 20 )

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.A quarter past 11 o'clock. It could be done at 2 o'clock, in the afternoon. There is no reason why it should not be so long as the man is flogged the same day as he is sentenced. It could be done before 4 o'clock because the prisoners have their meals then and are locked up for the night.

Mr. THURBURN.-The Medical Officer has work in connection with the post mortems? Does that take up much of his time?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.—No.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are you present at the floggings?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-Occasionally. If these were done in the afternoons it would not prolong my duties.

Dr. CANTLIE.-How often are these floggings-once a week or twice a week?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-Oftener. The Medical Officer is liable to be called for them six days in the week.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--In point of time you think a medical man might be available for other duties after 11 o'clock say?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-Yes. After a quarter past 11, I do not see what there is to keep him there. I do not require to ask him any questions then. Any questions might be answered through the telephone after that.

Dr. CANTLIE.-If he were to go on duty at 8.30 he could finish by a quarter past 11 o'clock?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-He could invariably finish by 11.30. He is very seldom called in in the afternoons.

Dr. CANTLIE.-In your opinion it is not necessary to have a doctor for the Gaol solely so long as he performs his duties two or three hours a day and is within call if required?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-No.

THE PRESIDENT.-Have you any suggestions to make in regard to the medical service of the Gaol ?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.--I think the figures show that there is a very large number of men on No. 3 light labour. It seems to me it is out of proportion altogether with the number of prisoners in the Gaol. I think that Dr. MARQUES is perhaps a little too kind-hearted, if that can be a fault in a medical man. I cannot help thinking, and it is forced upon me, by the figures given to me weekly, that the prisoners rather get the better of him. I am bound to say so. I have thought so all along, and I am confirmed in my opinion by the number of prisoners on No. 3 labour. I have frequently spoken to him about it but still it goes on.

Dr. CANTLIE.--In regard to the medical attendance at the Gaol Hospital, it is good?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-Yes.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Do you think it is necessary to have another man in addition to FLORES ?

Mr. LETHBRIDGE.-There is a man away at the present time sick, but I do not think it is necessary to have extra assistance. I think it is sufficient. There is a turnkey detailed to assist the one man while the other is away. It is rather incon- venient at the present time, but with the staff reorganised I hope it will be made all right. One of the men is on four months' leave on full pay. He has never had leave during his service and was entitled to leave.

( 21 )

Meeting held 29th January, 1895.

Present:-Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector-General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. McCONACHIE.

Dr. JAMES CANTLIE.

Mr. J. THURburn.

Dr. CHUNG, Alice Memorial Hospital, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Dr. CHUNG, tell us, if you have formed any idea, why the Chinese do not make more use of the Government Civil Hospital than they do.

Dr. CHUNG.-In the first place they prefer their own to foreign medicines; in the second place, they speak English at the Government Civil Hospital, and in the third place, the Chinese cannot afford to pay the fees.

Dr. CANTLIE.-What do you mean by saying they can't pay the fee?

Dr. CHUNG.-Because at the Government Civil Hospital a fee of 20 cents or 40 cents a day is charged.

Dr. PRESTON.-The coolie class pay nothing.

Dr. CANTLIE.--That is if they go voluntarily, I suppose?

Dr. CHUNG.-Very few go there voluntarily.

Dr. CANTLIE.--But suppose a man on board a boat were to turn sick, it never occurs to him to go to the Government Civil Hospital ?

Dr. CHUNG.-No; he would go to the Tung Wah or to the Alice Memorial Hospital. Dr. CANTLIE.-The Chinese, as a rule, do not know that the Civil Hospital is open to them ?

Dr. CHUNG.--They do not know.

Dr. PRESTON.-But is it not a fact that they have more faith in their own medicines than in European medicines?

Dr. CHUNG.--Certainly.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you know of any reason why they do not know they can go to the Civil Hospital without being charged ?

Dr. CHUNG.-No; I cannot say.

Dr. CANTLIE. Have you never heard that the reason is they are afraid of the post

mortem ?

Dr. CHUNG.-One reason is that they are afraid of the knife.

Dr. PRESTON.-Would they not be operated on in the Tung Wah?

Dr. CHUNG.-Never.

Dr. CANTLIE.-They are operated in the Alice Memorial Hospital?

Dr. CHUNG.-Yes. But the instruments have to be explained to them.

Mr. THURBURN.--But those who go to the Alice Memorial Hospital go there voluntarily

Dr. CHUNG.-Yes.

( 22 )

Mr. THURBURN.--And few go to the Civil Hospital ?

Dr. CHUNG.-Yes.

Mr. THURBURN.-Then it is really a question of payment, is it not?

Dr. CANTLIE.-I think the language has a great deal to do with it. At the Alice Memorial Hospital there is Dr. CHUNG and twelve students who go about among the patients and talk to them; and who register the diseases. Do you think the great attraction at the Alice Memorial Hospital is in having Chinese doctors ?

Dr. CHUNG. That induces them to come; and because it is supported by the Chinese. Two-thirds of the income of the Alice Memorial Hospital are subscribed by the Chinese, and the donors' names are published in the Chinese newspapers. We publish the monthly statistics in the Chinese papers as well as in the foreign newspapers.

Mr. THURBURN.--If the Government Civil Hospital were advertised more in the Chinese

newspapers, do you think the Chinese would go there more freely?

Dr. CHUNG.--Yes.

Dr. PRESTON.—Do you think they would get over the idea of post mortems, if that were done?

Dr. CHUNG.-No; they would never get over that. The coolies employed at the Hospital would still go out and tell their fellow countrymen and would advise them not to come into the Hospital. It is regarded as a crime in China to make post mortem examinations. There are no post mortems in the Alice Memorial Hospital.

Mr. THURBURN.But they use the knife there in the surgical operations? Dr. CHUNG.Yes.

Dr. CANTLIE.-There are a tremendous number of surgical operations there.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--If the Government Civil Hospital officials were to tell the Chinese no post mortems would take place without their consent, would they come more freely?

Dr. CHUNG.-Perhaps they would.

Dr. CANTLIE.-They are chiefly criminal cases at the Civil Hospital. A policeman never takes a man to the Alice Memorial Hospital if he has been injured in a row. the case of an accident the man might be taken to the Alice Memorial Hospital.

Dr. CHUNG.-The Chinese do not believe much in European medicines, but they believe in our surgery. I have never seen a case of acute pleurisy, for instance, in our Hospital.

THE PRESIDENT.-If there was a Chinese Medical Officer as Assistant Surgeon at the Civil Hospital, do you think it would be more attractive to the Chinese?

Dr. CHUNG.--Yes. And when a Chinese patient dies in the Government Civil Hospital, the Superintendent must allow his friends to follow their own religious ceremonies. We allow them to do what they like in that respect at the Alice Memorial Hospital.

Dr. CANTLIE. And before they die their friends are allowed to come in and dress them ?

Dr. CHUNG.-Yes; that is all allowed in the Alice Memorial Hospital.

THE PRESIDENT.—Have you any other patients in the Alice Memorial Hospital besides Chinese ?

Dr. CHUNG.--We have sometimes Portuguese. They are mixed up with the Chinese patients. We have had Malays, Indians, negroes, Japanese, and once we had an Englishman.

( 23 )

Dr. CANTLIE.--You have heard about these dispensaries,-open air dispensaries, they are called, I think; do you think it would be of use to try the experiment of open- ing dispensaries where medicines could be given gratis--Western medicines especially?

Dr. CHUNG.-I believe the Chinese would come and apply for the medicines.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Suppose you had one at Yaumati, do you think the Chinese would come for medicines.

Dr. CHUNG.-Most of our patients come from Yaumati, Shaukiwan and Chinese Kowloon.

Dr. PRESTON.-But would they come in for Western medicines ?

Dr. CHUNG.-They do come.

Mr. THURBURN.-Supposing one of these students, after inatriculating in the College of Medicine, was started in a Dispensary at Kowloon, do you think he could get any number of paying patients? Of course, they would get drugs cheap and have his advice, and perhaps he would have to attend them, in urgent cases, at their houses, but do

you think the Dispensary would be a success?

Dr. CHUNG.-The Chinese are quite willing to pay. In other parts of China where there are missionary hospitals and dispensaries a certain fee is charged for the mission and a certain amount for the medicine. They charge ten cash or one cent for the mission, and two or three cents for the medicines. Dr. WENYON, at Fatshan, gets enough in this way to support the mission without interfering with the public funds.

Mr. THURBURN.-So that you think if these dispensaries were started they would be used by the Chinese to a great extent ?

Dr. CHUNG.-They would be glad to use them.

Dr. CANTLIE. Do you think the men in charge of the dispensaries should be allowed to have private practice ?

Dr. CHUNG.--I think they should be allowed private practice.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think a man in charge of this dispensary could manage by himself or would he require an assistant?

Dr. CHUNG.-You could allow him a certain hour to visit his private patients and he could be in his dispensary at certain hours. The Chinese expect to see the doctor early in the morning-before breakfast. When they send for a doctor they want him to come before nine o'clock. They think that is the best time to feel the pulse.

THE PRESIDENT.-What do you think would be a satisfactory sum to allow es salary, if allowed private practice?

Dr. CHUNG.-$40 a month at least.

THE PRESIDENT.-And if not allowed private practice?

Dr. CHUNG. $60 at least. The Chinese do not give their doctors a large fce; twenty cents as fee, perhaps, and ten cents for chair hire.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you think it would be better if these doctors in charge of the dispensaries were required to send in a report once a month to the College of Medicine or to the Government?

Dr. CHUNG.-- Yes.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Which would give him the best position-if he were connecte l with the Government, the Tung Wah or the College of Medicine?

Dr. CHUNG.-The College of Medicine, I think.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Why?

( 24 )

Dr. CHUNG. The students are well known to the Chinese and wherever they want they would be pointed out as students of the College of Medicine.

THE PRESIDENT.-If three or four licentiates were required, do you think they could be obtained?

Dr. CHUNG.-Yes, there are five available at present. They are not in the Colony, but if the appointments were offered to them they would gladly accept.

Dr. JORDAN, Medical Officer of Health for the Port, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Would you give us an idea of the daily routine of your duties as Medical Officer of Health for the Port ?

Dr. JORDAN.-I am supposed to be always available from 6 A.M. to dusk. My work consists of visiting every ship that enters the Harbour, ascertaining whether there is any sickness on board, and to examine all out-going ships carrying emigrants, at certain stated hours, which I generally fix beforehand, in conjunction with the boarding officer from the Harbour Master's Department. I have to visit all vessels arriving with infectious diseases, vessels placed in quarantine until patients have been removed under supervision to the Civil Hospital or whatever place it is; then to see that the ship is disinfected according to instructions; when this is carried out she is again inspected, together with the whole of the passengers and crew. When this is done the ship is released from quarantine.

THE PRESIDENT.-That would necessitate your going afloat almost the whole day? Have you ever many infected vessels ?

And some ships come in flying Vessels from the Straits and

Dr. JORDAN.-At some periods of the year, yes. the quarantine flag, and it turns out to be a false alarm. from the North, and from America, come in flying the quarantine flag, and they have to be inspected by me and released.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do the emigrant ships give much work?

Dr. JORDAN. Sometimes they are very troublesome; and sometimes we have three or four in one day. It is not so bad just now, but when the steamers were carrying large numbers of Chinese passengers, 900 or 1,000 or 1,100, it was terrible work inspecting each ship.

Mr. MCCONACH.-Have you to examine those steamers carrying passengers from Amoy and Swatow to the Straits?

Dr. JORDAN. Yes, all going down there or to America. There is no regular medical inspection at either Amoy or Swatow.

Dr. CANTLIE.So that every ship carrying coolies from China has to be inspected by you they all call in here?

Dr. JORDAN. The traffic has been somewhat diverted. The steamers sometimes go direct from Amoy and Swatow to Singapore. If they do call in here, we have to inspect them all. The bills of health are sent to me, and I sign and return them.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Then you have always to be at hand to sign the bills of health? Dr. JORDAN.-Sometimes the Captains or the agents delay in sending in the bills. of health and they send them up to my house at night and even on Sundays for me to sign them and let the ships away. Strictly speaking, I am not required to do it, that is, so far as my instructions go.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Your hours are from 6 a.m. to dusk, and during that time bills of health should be sent to you if required?

Dr. JORDAN.-Yes after dusk I am supposed to be released from my duties for the day.

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Mr. THURBURN.-There is full work for one doctor?

Dr. JORDAN. More than enough when these large numbers of passengers are going through. There are sometimes three steamers in one morning, and that takes up my whole morning; and if another comes in flying the yellow flag she has to wait two or three hours till I am finished.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Dr. BELL is not officially recognised as your assistant?

Dr. JORDAN.-No; he is employed by me. I think there is quite enough work for two men. At Singapore, where there is really less shipping than in Hongkong, they have a Health Officer and an Assistant Health Officer. The Health Officer does a certain amount of shore work also, but the assistant is solely for the port. Both are paid by the Government. If Dr. BELL were recognised by the Government, he would be able to sign all bills of health.

THE PRESIDENT.-If you had not Dr. BELL, you could not carry on your private practice?

Dr. JORDAN.-No; it would be simply impossible.

Mr. THURBURN.-Dr. BELL takes private practice on board the ships, does he not?

Dr. JORDAN.-- Yes.

THE PRESIDENT.-During the plague epidemic were you called upon to render any assistance?

Dr. JORDAN.-I had to undertake the additional duty of examining the Canton steamers. Every steamer coming from Canton had to be examined before she came into the Harbour. It entailed a great deal of extra work, and Sunday work.

Sunday work. Steamers used to come in at two or three o'clock in the morning and had to lie off in the quarantine anchorage till I could get on board. The Macao steamers had also to be inspected. I was not called upon to assist on shore during the plague.

Dr. CANTLIE.-In your position as Health Officer are you often called upon to assist in the Civil Hospital?

Dr. JORDAN-No. I am asked privately for consultations, but not in my position as Health Officer.

Dr. CANTLIE.—They do not bother you on that account?

Dr. JORDAN.—No; not because I am recognised as Health Officer for the Port. I can go or not, as I please.

THE PRESIDENT.-You had two medical assistants last year helping you, during the plague ?

Dr. JORDAN-That was only for the junks.

Dr. CANTLIE. In the event of a recurrence of plague, and supposing the junks have to be inspected, you will require two men again?

Dr. JORDAN.--It is absolutely impossible for me to do the ships and the junks. It is impossible for Dr. BELL and me to do it. You want at least two men to do nothing else but the junks. That must be quite separate from the shipping. Each man must have a steam-launch of his own and to be on duty practically all day; the junks might slip in at one end of the harbour if there was only one man at the other end. I think it would be better to have a third man for the inspection of junks to relieve the others, because I do not know that any man is able to do work continuously night and day. If he had to turn out in wet weather at all hours, a man would soon have enough. With the assistance of the police it might be done by two men; without the assistance of the police it would be impossible.

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Mr. THURBURN.-The question is what arrangement should be made for the removal of patients from the Colony. During the plague, I think they objected to the removal of patients suffering from the plague.

Dr. PRESTON.-But they were.

Mr. THURBURN,—Latterly; to Laichikok. The Permanent Committee objected to the removal.

ill?

Dr. CANTLIE.-Is it your duty to prevent people going away in junks when they are

Dr. JORDAN-No.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Precisely; it is nobody's business.

Mr. THURBURN.-Don't you think in cases of plague all patients should be removed and precautions taken that they go away anywhere so long as they leave the Colony? It is an advantage, is it not?

Dr. JORDAN.—With proper precautions, I think it would be better to let them go. But I think there must be sufficient security that they go out of British territory.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would you approve of an Hospital at Laichikok?

Dr. JORDAN.-Certainly not; it is too near Hongkong.

Dr. CANTLIE.---What position do you hold in regard to the Colonial Surgeon ?

Dr. JORDAN.-I am directly under him. I send all my reports to him. All my reports are forwarded through him to the Government. I am responsible for my actions to him directly and through him to the Government.

Dr. PRESTON.--Can he employ you in the Civil Hospital?

Dr. JORDAN.-No; he cannot employ me on shore. My appointment distinctly states that my duties are those of Health Officer of the Port and for the medical inspec- tion of emigrants and states nothing in regard to the shore.

Dr. PRESTON.-Do you think the present quarantine regulations are satisfactory?

Dr. JORDAN.-I think they require to be overhauled. If it is to be quarantine, let it be proper or not at all. I think forty-eight hours, as at present, is a farce. The object of the quarantine regulations is simply to enable me to land infected patients and to disinfect the ship. All the passengers in good health are allowed to go.

Dr. CANTLIE.-What do you mean by proper quarantine? To keep everybody on board the ship for a week or ten days?

Dr. JORDAN.-I think it should be in the power of the Health Officer to detain a ship, or preferably to have a lazaretto where patients could be isolated for inspection or to see if the incubation period comes in or not. At Singapore they have St. John's Island. When a vessel goes to Singapore with small-pox on board the whole of the passengers are landed at St. John's Island, the ship is inspected and is allowed to go free.

Mr. THURBURN.-There was a Commission appointed on the subject of quarantine a few years ago.

Dr. JORDAN.—Yes; and I think they made rather a mess of it. Regulations were enforced in accordance with what was stated then.

Dr. PRESTON.--It would be rather hard to send passengers to this quarantine station. Suppose there were Europeans on board, they would have to be treated in the same way.

Dr. JORDAN.-No; it is only where infectious cases occur amongst the Chinese. It has practically nothing to do with Europeans; it is almost impracticable for a European to take infection from the Chinese. The Europeans do not go tween decks

( 27 )

where the stench is abominable. The Europeans remain in their cabins or on deck. I would say the proper thing is to have a quarantine station. The quarantine ground is at the west end of Stonecutter's Island. There are certain boundaries taken from Green Island to Samshuipo.

Dr. PRESTON. That was not the quarantine station for the Hygeia?

Dr. JORDAN.-No; it was not in the regular station. There used to be a lazaretto on Stonecutter's Island, but it was done away with.

Mr. THURBURN.-It would be rather difficult to get a suitable place for a lazaretto here ?

Dr. JORDAN.-I believe that was the trouble originally.

Mr. THURBURN.-There was a Commission which went into all that at the time-- there was a great outcry about it.

Dr. JORDAN.-That outery came about through one of the firms taking exception to the quarantine. That was the whole origin of it.

Mr. THURBURN.-Would you quarantine for infectious diseases ?

Dr. JORDAN. I would say within the discretionary powers of the Health Officer for anything like that I do not think you can lay down any hard and fast lines. I- would depend on how the patients were isolated on board ship. When a case of infectious disease occurs on some ships, it is isolated, and if three or four days have elapsed without any fresh case showing I would be inclined to allow that ship to go free. In cases of plague, if there was a case on board at the time of arrival I would be incline? to be more strict. The passenger traffic by junks, as a rule, is small indeed in com- parison with what it is by steamers. I have been going into the figures for the last few months, and I was astonished at the small number that travel by junks in comparison with steamers. It is less than 1 in 100. At the time of the Quarantine Commission it was supposed that Green Island would be too close to Hongkong to be suitable as a quarantine station.

Dr. PRESTON.-For Europeans do not you think the Kennedytown police station could be used? It was used during the plague.

•

Dr. JORDAN.-It has been retained as an epidemic hospital. It would make an excellent place for a European quarantine lazaretto.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you think the existing medical staff is sufficient to meet the ordinary requirements of the Colony?

Dr. JORDAN.

Decidedly not.

THE PRESIDENT.-If the duties were re-arranged? Do you think there is a sufficient staff on shore?

Dr. JORDAN.—As things are at present, I would say no.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are the duties sufficiently equally divided?

Dr. JORDAN.-I do not know whether I can say yes or no without appearing to imply any want of confidence in the other members of the staff.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-I thought it might be a delicate question to put to you.

Dr. JORDAN.-Any answer I could give would imply a want of confidence in the other members of the staff. I do not know if I would be justified in giving an answer on a public question. I might have my private opinion.

Dr. CanTLIE.-Do not you think it would be advisable supposing there was & Medical Officer to the Gaol, that he should be available for assistance in the Civil Hospital?

· Dr. JORDAN.--I think it is essential.

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Mr. THURBURN.-Do you think it would be a good thing to have a Health Officer on shore? Would he have plenty of work to do?

Dr. JORDAN.-I think that would relieve the Colonial Surgeon of his duties to a great extent; where the greatest pressure at present seems to be is in connection with the working of the Civil Hospital and any emergency that might occur there.

Mr. THURBURN.-But the Health Officer for the Colony would not relieve the Colonial Surgeon of his duties at all. The duties of a Health Officer would be to look after the health of the Colony in connection with the Sanitary Board, the drains and such like.

Dr. JORDAN.-Until the Sanitary Board was established, the Colonial Surgeon had to attend to all these.

Dr. CANTLIE.-At present the Colonial Surgeon is the Health Officer of the Colony?

Dr. JORDAN.-Certainly. As things are at present, if the Colonial Surgeon has to attend the whole of the Police and the officers of other Departments under certain pay, I do not think he has got time enough to attend properly to the health of the Colony. He cannot go about making periodical visits to the various portions of Chinatown when he has got all these patients to look after.

Dr. PRESTON.-There is not much sickness amongst the Police, is there?

Dr. JORDAN.-Sometimes there is a great deal. I was once Acting Colonial Surgeon and I know what the work is.

Dr. PRESTON.—I thought they were a healthy lot of men.

Dr. JORDAN.-There are a lot of wives and families who require a good deal of attention. He has to visit the different stations, No. 1 beyond the Race-course, and No. 7 at the other end. There is a good deal of work to do. Of course, you may have a slack time as in everything else.

Mr. THURBURN.—Taking it for granted that this work occupies the whole of his time, is there work for a Health Officer attached to the Sanitary Board ?

Dr. JORDAN.--I think so. It would be advisable to appoint another medical officer provided he is available at times of emergency at the Civil Hospital.

THE PRESIDENT.-It is proposed to establish two or three dispensaries in the Colony, two here and one at Kowloon. Do you think they will be successful? The idea is to popularise Western methods and Western medicines as far as possible.

Dr. JORDAN.—I think it would be a very wise step indeed.

Dr. CANTLIE. Are you of opinion that the men in charge of these dispensaries, if allowed private practice, would neglect their duties?

Dr. JORDAN.-I should say they should not be allowed to have private practice. Some of the men might be trustworthy, but I think if allowed private practice there would be a tendency to squeeze.

THE PRESIDENT.-Can you make any suggestion as to how these dispensaries could be made self-supporting?

Dr. JORDAN.--I do not think they would be self-supporting for a long time. They might later on by charging small admission fees as suggested by Dr. CHUNG.

Mr. THURBURN.-The drugs would require to be given free?

Dr. JORDAN.-No; I would say make a small charge. But the attendance would not be sufficiently great to pay for the drugs and other things given away.

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Dr. CANTLIE. The idea is that these men might be useful to the port in case of epidemic disease.

Dr. JORDAN. I think they would help to render the Registrar General's returns

more accurate.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Do you think any of these men would be of any use in your Depart-

ment?

Dr. JORDAN.-Not on board steamers. would take no notice of them.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You could not trust them?

Some of these rough seafaring people

Dr. JORDAN.--No; not for that work; but they would be very handy for the inspection of junks, perhaps.

Dr. PRESTON.-But then they would be open to squeeze?

Dr. JORDAN.-Yes.

Mr. THURBURN.-Of course, the establishment of these dispensaries would lead to these men starting practice on their own account?

Dr. JORDAN.-Yes, as they get better known.

Mr. THURBURN.-And if they found it worth while to start private practice it would mean that an appreciation of Western medicine is spreading amongst the Chinese?

Dr. JORDAN.-Yes.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are there not Chinese doctors in practice here now? Dr. JORDAN.--Not using European medicines. They use Chinese medicines. Dr. CANTLIE.-There are hundreds of Chinese doctors here, and at the Tung Wah it is Chinese medicine that is used. There native doctors have no training whatever.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Can Dr. JORDAN express any opinion why the Civil Hospital is not availed of by the natives? Why is it not popular with the Chinese? Why don't they go there voluntarily?

Dr. JORDAN. To tell the truth, I do not know that I have thought much about it. I should not be prepared to venture an opinion about it.

Dr. CANTLIE.—I think that explains it. It never enters a Chinaman's head that the Civil Hospital was intended for him.

Dr. JORDAN.-There is a large attendance at the Alice Memorial Hospital. When I was looking after the Eye Department there, I have attended as many as 80 or 90 patients twice a week.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Reverting to the Chinese drug shops, do you think the men in charge should be under the Government? There is an idea that they should be under the College of Medicine.

Dr. JORDAN.-I think it would be much better to have them under the College of Medicine.

Mr. THURBURN.-Why?

Dr. JORDAN.-I think there is much more confidence amongst the Chinese with regard to the Alice Memorial Hospital than there is with regard to the Government Hospital.

Mr. THURBURN.-That arises from the fact that the Alice Memorial Hospital has been made more popular?

Dr. JORDAN.-Quite so.

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Mr. THURBURN.-And if we were able to make the Civil Hospital equally as popular then of course your argument would fall to the ground? Then it would be inmaterial whom the Dispensaries were under?

Dr. PRESTON.-Why not have them under the Colonial Surgeon and the College of Medicine?

Dr. JORDAN.—If worked under both, I think the two would clash.

If there were more confidence in the Government Civil Hospital, I think it would be better to keep the Dispensaries under the Government, but at present it would not do so well, because the very fact that the Dispensaries were under the Government would deter very many patients from going there. In the outlying districts the patients know more about the Alice Memorial Hospital and the College of Medicine. Patients come to the Alice Memorial Hospital from everywhere round about. I have known of men walking twenty to thirty miles to come to the Alice Memorial Hospital.

Mr. THURBURN.-The College puts down $600 a year for one Dispensary alone. Dr. JORDAN.-I think that would be enough.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-That is $50 a month for drugs alone?

Dr. JORDAN.-Yes; if it went on to large numbers that would not be enough, but as a beginning I think that sum would do.

Meeting held 1st February, 1895.

Present:-Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. McCONACHIE.

Dr. JAMES CantLIE.

Mr. J. THURburn.

Dr. J. A. Lowson, Acting Superintendent, Government Civil Hospital, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Will you give the Committee a general idea of the daily routine of duty at the Civil Hospital?

Dr. Lowson. When Dr. ATKINSON and I are here, at nine o'clock in the morning one of us has to go to the Asylum and do the Asylum work which generally takes about an hour on an average. If there are many patients it takes longer. The other one of us goes to the Hospital and commences the rounds. As a rule the Superintendent has an hour and a half of administrative work every morning. After the Hospital rounds are made the out-patients have to be seen and this takes until one or half-past one o'clock. One of us has to see the out-patients; it depends on which of us is finished first with the rounds. After tiffin, operative work has to be done. If an operation requires chloroform both men have to be there; it is very difficult to give an exact idea of how long this work takes. It depends on the class of work, often the whole afternoon is required for three or four operations. When there is no operative work doing, there is, as a rule, enough clinical work to keep both men engaged an hour or an hour and a half, such as special eye cases, ophthalmoscope work, examination of urines, and

( 31 )

any post mortems that have to be done; reports and notes on cases we have to make as we can find time. As a rule it takes two men from nine to one o'clock every day to get through the routine work of the Hospital, and generally from an hour to two hours in the afternoon. There are always so many acute cases that it is absolutely necessary to go round the Hospital during the evening. The acute cases are scattered about the place, as we have got to keep the nationalities separate. Going the rounds in the evening takes from an hour to an hour and a half. The night work is sometimes very heavy, but some times there is very little to do. In the summer time it is heavy, as acute fever cases then take up two or three hours every night.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you have many judicial cases ?

Dr. Lowson. A good number, but these have been diminished lately, because the Police Magistrates have got more into the way of taking our certificates without calling us to give evidence. They decide many cases on our certificate stating that a man is suffering from a severe scalp wound or a fracture of the leg. In big criminal cases we have got to go to the Police Court and then to the Supreme Court, and that takes up much time. Then besides all I have mentioned there is the infectious diseases work. This year, fortunately, we have had only one case of small-pox, but in the last report I wrote about the previous winter I stated that we had had fifty-six cases on board the Hygeia, mostly serious cases, requiring a medical man to stay there all night. The Hygeia was then behind Stonecutter's Island. Sometimes we had twenty or thirty acute cases. We have no thoroughly trained wardmaster for this work, and if we were to send our European nurses there it would put us at a great disadvantage in the Civil Hospital and we could not work the Civil Hospital. When we have cases on the Hygeia, it means that the medical man has to do a good deal of the nursing, and do a general watch. Many a time I have had to nurse a patient, and then to put him in his coffin and take him out to sea.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are there any new instructions saying that there must always be a medical man present in the Hospital?

Dr. Lowson. There are no written instructions for the Assistant Superintendent.

THE PRESIDENT.-When both of you are in the Colony, must not one of you be at the Hospital?

Dr. Lowson. When we are away from the Hospital we always arrange to be within hail. If one is away the other must not be much further away than the Club. Of course, just now there is even a limit to that.

THE PRESIDENT.-You have no outside visiting?

Dr. Lowson. Not unless Dr. AYRES is very busy. At ordinary times, yes; when Dr. ATKINSON is here I had often to go to Kowloon to see patients there.

There are the Observatory patients and the Police at Tsimshatsui and Yaumati. Sometimes these patients cannot be moved across and Dr. AYRES has generally plenty of work on this side, and in the afternoons, when we are generally slacker at the Hospital, I go over to Kowloon. I sometimes do the cases west of the Civil Hospital, if there is a rush.

Mr. THURBURN.-When there is all this work which takes up the time of two men ordinarily, how do you manage to do it all when you are alone?

up an

Dr. Lowson.-Well, instead of the ordinary eight or nine hours a day-I took a note of my hours since I heard about this Commission-when not particularly busy,

work averages from twelve to fifteen hours a day, and even then I never took ophthalmoscope to look at a case of eye disease and often I have had to send away out- patients; I asked them to come back the next day and when they came back had to tell them the same again-when I found myself in the same position and the result was that they did not come back. There is a limit to human endurance, and I must admit that I have had to send patients away.

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Mr. THURBURN.-So the risk of having only two men at the Civil Hospital is that when one is away the work is not properly done and it means overwork for the man who is there ?

Dr. Lowson.-Certainly; and I take it that in an Hospital, especially one under a Colonial Government, a man should have a few spare minutes in the day to do some- thing original, to look through a microscope or something like that; I have not had time to do that except at night after everything is finished.

Mr. THURBURN.-And it is very seldom you can get outside doctors to assist?

Dr. Lowson. They would assist if paid for it; but at the present moment and during the last year I have had to ask Dr. BELL, as a personal favour, to do Hospital work, and lately Surgeon-Major READE has done work on Sundays. I must have some leisure time, and they have done this work out of pure friendship. While I was sick the Government paid Dr. BELL to do the work.

Mr. THURBURN.--In case of leave, it is, I suppose, a very difficult thing to get these men; of course, they would not be available. It would be difficult, for instance, in the present circumstances, to get a ship's doctor?

Dr. Lowson.-You could get them if you paid a decent salary. They are difficult to get but a knowing man could get them. You cannot expect a man to leave his ship where he has £7 or £10 a month with his messing and everything free, to do Hospital work here for a little more salary, because at the Hospital he would have to pay for everything.

Mr. THURBURN.—But is it not a difficulty to get doctors at all?

Dr. Lowson.—Well, they are under engagements, but occasionally you find a man not under engagement and occasionally men sign off here. If men coming here from Vancouver or Australia were told that there was a chance of getting an engagement at the Civil Hospital they would not sign on provided they got a salary they could exist on.

Dr. CANTLIE.-In the event of your being ill, it is a very difficult thing to get a man to take your place on twenty-four hours' notice?

Dr. Lowson.You cannot get anyone.

Dr. CANTLIE. Very few doctors, as a matter of fact, sign on here, and it is practically impossible to get a man here?

Dr. Lowson.-That is so. In the case of a man taking leave, he generally gives a certain amount of notice, say a couple of months, if he is going on leave, and then there is time to arrange for some one to come and take his place. But the Government won't be able to get a man unless they pay him a decent salary.

THE PRESIDENT.-Last summer, did any medical men offer their services?

Dr. Lowson. During the plague the first thing I did was to stop my brother. I wrote up to the Colonial Secretary through the Colonial Surgeon and said I urgently desired that my brother should be stopped and kept here at a salary of $200 a month. We got an immediate reply, No. I then wrote a private letter to the Governor's A.D.C. in which I practically said that it was simply suicidal to send away a doctor at that time, and the Governor replied by telephone "I agree to your proposal." The next man to turn up was Dr. MOLYNEUX. I engaged him at $500 a month. I asked Dr. AYRES' sanction about it. At that time we were advertising for medical officers at $350 a month and expenses. It was useless to ask for authority in a lot of these things, be- cause there was a good deal of trouble and if we had waited for sanction the plague might have been going on yet. These two doctors I got by my personal influence, and Dr. AYRES got reprimanded!! I think the Government ought to have been able to pay $1,000 a month at that time without flinching.

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Dr. CANTLIE.—But that $500 included Dr. MOLYNEUX's pay and travelling expenses? Dr. Lowson.-Yes, but ultimately he received allowance for board because I had to put him up.

pay

Dr. CANTLIE.--And if another man had been got at $350, they would have had to his travelling expenses?

Dr. Lowson. If a man had come up from Singapore, he would have got his passage paid and board and lodging at the Peak Hotel. I had to put them up at first myself as nobody would take them. Tram fares would also have to be paid.

Dr. CANTLIE.-So that $500 was not much more than was offered by the Govern ment?

Dr. Lowson. It was less. And it must be remembered that Dr. MOLYNEUX was risking his practice at Ningpo. If I had been granted a free hand in getting medical men, the first thing I would have done would have been to wire to medical men I knew who were within hail. I would have given as salary whatever was asked. The plague epidemic lasted only for a few months, and that is the only way to manage in a case of serious epidemic. There is no use advertising for people here. You cannot expect the doctors at Amoy, Swatow and these places to leave their patients and come down here. The epidemic might break out there; if it is to be done, it can only be done by personal influence of competent men.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Practically, there are no spare men in China for an emergency like the plague? The only men you could get are the medical missionaries.

Dr. Lowson. We do not know where the medical missionaries are, and in the case of the plague they did not volunteer until very late-besides, in an emergency, one wants men whom one can depend upon.

THE PRESIDENT.—You could always get some men from the army and the navy so far as they could be spared.

Dr. Lowson. I have written down an answer to the second question on the list handed to me--" As to arrangements, none can be made by the Government when they are wanted. They must call in the military and the naval staff, or trust to their own medical men knowing where to get assistance and allowing them to give a decent salary." You won't get men to come here and run various risks and leave their practices for $350. The only place therefore to get them is from the army and the navy and the

army and the navy may want their own men.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Practically, therefore, the only way to get men is from Australia; that is the nearest point?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes, and even that is a month away. There are plenty there, but the emergency may be over before they can arrive.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Before coming to question No. 2, would you please inform us what you consider an efficient medical staff for the Civil Hospital alone?

Dr. Lowson.-I consider two men always on the spot will be sufficient for the Civil Hospital, the Asylum and the Hygeia work.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-That is without making any provision for leave?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes; there ought always to be two men there. There is much more work than one man can get through, if he considers his health.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Can you suggest in any way where we could get a third man in case of sickness or leave or anything of that sort?

Mr. THURBURN.—Any re-distribution ?

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Dr. CANTLIE.—Of course, the third man on your staff at present is Dr. MARQUES?

Dr. Lowson.—Yes; but as I told the Governor in a letter to his A. D. C. I did not want Dr. MARQUES-Dr. MARQUES is not up to the mark, if you want it straight.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Are you of opinion that if you got a third man for the Civil Hospital he would be available for the Gaol?

Dr. Lowson. If you got a third man he could do the Gaol and the Tung Wah Hospital which the Colonial Surgeon has to do at present, and we could get on all right except when any one was away on long leave. It would not be fair to make one man do all that work for a year. If I were to go home for a year the Government ought to say "We will have another man here for a year and will give him a certain salary till you come back;" the remaining medical officers would be glad to have another man.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Would it be possible to get a temporary man?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes. The army men have given help if they were not busy. If one man could be detailed for a whole year he might get the money for the particular appointment he was holding for the time.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-What would you consider an efficient medical staff for this Colony; to provide for all contingencies, except epidemics, which are exceptional ?

Dr. Lowson.-A Colonial Surgeon, a Superintendent for the Civil Hospital, an Assistant Superintendent, a Health Officer for the Port, and one man for the Gaol and the Tung Wah Hospital. Of course, I know nothing about the Medical Officer of the Sanitary Board. That has nothing to do with me, but there ought certainly to be one.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-According to you there ought to be six men?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes. As

As a rule a man is entitled to long leave once in six years. Dr. CANTLIE.-Is that enough?

Dr. Lowson.-They get two months annually in some instances. If you have six men here and they go home at their time on leave you have still five men to do the work of the Colony amongst them.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Would not the same difficulty arise with the six men as arises at present with the five if you add additional duties to the medical staff-such as the duties of a Health Officer for the Sanitary Board?

Dr. Lowson.-I said where a man takes long leave the Government ought to be prepared to fill his place.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--Then you say even with six men when anyone goes on long leave the assistance of an outside man would be required?

Dr. Lowson. You will find they do not all take leave. The Colonial Surgeon has not. He could have got it but it is a difficult job when a man is at the head of a Department and he has not a man under him whom you can trust.

In that case how is he to get away?

Dr. CANTLIE.-Up to within the last seven years, it was impossible for Dr. AYRES to get away-to get a suitable man to take his place?

Dr. LowSON.--Yes. So I understand.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-It appears to me from your evidence that even en extra medical man for this Colony would not be sufficient if you bring in the question of leave, and it also appears to me that six medical men for a small Colony like Hongkong is a large number.

Dr. Lowson.-It is.

Mr. THURBURN.You have to count up what their duties arc.

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Dr. Lowson.-If you say there is no necessity for the Tung Wah Hospital being visited you knock off half a man's work, and if you say there is no necessity for keeping the Hygeia for small-pox cases you knock off half another man's work. But there is one thing to be remembered about the Tung Wah Hospital, it is going to become a big business. At the present time Dr. AYRES goes round, but he has not got time to do it justice. If I were to get it into proper condition it would take me five or six hours a day to do the work properly. The Government want reliable statistics from the Tung Wah Hospital and the present Chinese staff there do not know how to do it. This is a matter that wants a lot of care. It simply comes to this-if the Government want certain work done in the most careful manner more men are wanted-coolies can do work the quality is another consideration. Time is wanted to do it properly.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-For all practical purposes, you consider that six medical men are required for this Colony?

Dr. Lowson.—Yes; that is admitting the necessity for a Medical Officer of Health to go round the town.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Can you suggest any re-arrangement of the different duties of each medical man so as to economise?

Dr. Lowson. You have to remember that there are at present three men doing the Government work outside Port work-the Colonial Surgeon, Dr. Atkinson, and myself. Dr. ATKINSON goes away and the work of three men is thrown upon two, whereas if you had six men and one went away the work would be divided amongst five men and there would not be the same necessity for having relief at hand as is the case with only two men doing the work.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think if a man were got in place of Dr. MARQUES to do the Gaol and the Tung Wah Hospital that he could attend to the wives and families of the Police? There is not much time spent at the Gaol.

Dr. Lowson.If I were a Policeman's wife I would certainly object, because the Tung Wah work is amongst dirt and dirty cases. Most of the single Policemen come in to the Civil Hospital and it is mostly parturient women and children who have to be attended in Police work-not the class to whom one wishes to introduce septicemia and other similar troubles.

Dr. CANTLIE. Do not you think it would be better to assign the Tung Wah work to the second man at the Civil Hospital?

Dr. Lowson.-I would keep all the dirty work together. It would never do for me to attend to a woman coming in in labour just as I had finished a post mortem.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Which of the three would be best for post mortems?

Dr. Lowson. The man who does the Gaol and the Tung Wah Hospital. I mean the post mortems at the public mortuary. In interesting cases at the Civil Hospital we have sometimes to do the post mortems ourselves, but we have U I KAI to do the operative work if we do not wish to touch the bodies.

Mr. THURBURN.-Would it not be a satisfactory arrangement if all the officers, including the Health Officer of the Port and the officer of the Gaol, were under the orders of the Colonial Surgeon, and that he should arrange their different duties?

Dr. Lowson. Well, it would be a very difficult thing to do. My actual appoint- ment just now is Assistant Superintendent of the Civil Hospital and I have to take charge of the epidemic hospitals. My ordinary duties take up the whole of my time, and if the Colonial Surgeon were to tell me to undertake the extra duty of attending the Tung Wah Hospital I could not be expected to do so without being paid for it.

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Mr. MCCONACHIE.--Do not you look upon your position in this light-that your sole services are sold to the Government and that they can call upon you to do what they like?

Dr. LowSON.-To a certain extent, but there is a limit to these things. If a man is appointed to a special post as I was, and filthy, dirty work is thrown upon him which is repulsive to the ordinary man, then I say a man ought not to be called upon to do what work unless he is paid for it.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--I have not the least doubt the Government would not seek to throw a good deal of extra work upon a man if his time has been hitherto pretty well employed, but if he had plenty of leisure before and he is asked to do a little extra duty I think he should do it willingly.

Dr. Lowson. I am with you there-but we have not plenty of leisure. I go and do the work Dr. AYRES tells me to do. I have gone to the Tung Wah to investigate cases of fever; but it is a different thing if you are going to throw two hours of extra work upon a man regularly in the Tung Wah Hospital. If it were allotted to me I would have to work daily from nine till nine.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-The Government would not ask you to do that.

Dr. Lowson. That is a matter of opinion entirely.

Mr. THURBURN.-But would it not be the easier way to have the Colonial Surgeon over all the men and allow him to arrange the work so that no man would have too much?

Dr. Lowson.--In one way that is done at present. I presume these appointments are made after consultation with Dr. AYRES. I would put the whole medical staff of the Colony under the Colonial Surgeon.

Dr. CANTLIE.--You could not put the Medical Officer of Health for the Colony under the Colonial Surgeon.

Dr. Lowson. The Medical Officer of Health for the city ought to have full powers to conduct prosecutions for contraventions of the health laws without asking the Colonial Surgeon's opinion, but these are only matters of detail. The Colonial Surgeon should be the superior medical officer of the Colony.

Dr. CANTLIE.-But supposing we get a Medical Officer of Health for the city-the Colonial Surgeon represents that at present-and if we take away his work at the Tung Wah Hospital, the Colonial Surgeon would have nothing to do but to attend to the Policemen's wives?

Dr. Lowson. The question of whether Dr. AYRES is the Medical Officer of Health for the Colony is not for me to decide. If he is or has been, I think it would have been better for the Colony if his opinions had been paid more attention to. In addition to the Policemen's wives he has all the subordinate Government servants. There are the Portuguese, the Eurasians, and in fact all the Government servants under $2,000 a year. They have all got to be seen and it is a pretty big order, when you look down the lists in the Estimates. He has much more work than some people are aware of he does not talk of every difficulty he has to meet with. He has also got to conduct the correspondence and I know since I have had to act as Superintendent of the Civil Hospital there is a lot of absolutely useless writing work; but it has to be done.

THE PRESIDENT.—If there were a Health Officer for the Colony who do you think should advise the Government in sanitary matters ?

Dr. Lowson.-The Health Officer of the Colony, the same as at home. I think you want a Colonial Surgeon to supervise all the work and to look after the writing; some of it is paltry work I grant you but Government say it has to be done.

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Dr. CANTLIE.-About the Health Officer of the Port, do you think it is desirable that he should do nothing else or should have an assistant recognised by the Government?

Dr. Lowson. I think that is a question I cannot give an opinion upon. It is a matter purely for the Government-it is not a medical question at all. But I would say if I were Colonial Surgeon that I should be able to claim that man to go down to the Hygeia and spend a night there.

Mr. THURBURN.--In fact, you think he should be a paid man of the Government and should not have a private practice?

Dr. Lowson.-Well, suppose he was appointed to take charge of everything float- ing, nobody would stand it. Ship's people would not care to have him coming on board as inspecting officer after having been on board the Hygeia to attend small-pox cases, but in inatters of emergency it might have to be done.

•

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you know if there is much medical practice afloat?

Dr. LowsON.-Yes, must be.

THE PRESIDENT.--And I suppose Dr. BELL does all that now?

Dr. Lowson. Yes, that is private work, nothing to do with Government. THE PRESIDENT.-Is the nursing staff at the Civil Hospital sufficient?

Dr. Lowson.-No; that is taking into consideration the question of leave. Dr. CANTLIE.-Would you increase it?

Dr. Lowson.-I have already made recommendations in my letter.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-To what extent do the Chinese at present avail themselves of the Civil Hospital?

Dr. Lowson.-I think that is a very badly put question. I could fill up the Civil Hospital in a week if I liked, by simply taking in all who came; but you cannot take in everybody who has got a simple ailment. You must exercise judgment, and keep a certain amount of room for serious cases. You must always have a margin of beds for serious cases, as Dr. AYRES has pointed out there are over 600 Chinese in-patients, and about 3,000 out-patients. In answer to that question I would simply say that if you want to make the Civil Hospital more popular with the Chinese you must provide another medical man, because nothing satisfies these Chinese so much as to have some one who will always talk to them about their cases, we have no time to go through a large number of out-patients, you must have another man to do that, and an extra man to dispense medicines, and an extra vote for medicines, and if you are going to take them into the Hospital you will have to provide more accommodation and get more provisions, &c. I don't think it is desirable in the interests of Colonial finance to make the Hospital a workhouse.

Mr. THURBURN.-At present, the Civil Hospital is nearly always full?

Dr. Lowson. The private wards are full, the other wards are not so full; but the numbers fluctuate. I have seen the Hospital as full as it could practically be, granting a few spare beds for bad cases. About a month ago I put out boards stating that regular days had been set apart for out-patients; but my brother went away and I could not possibly overtake the work.

THE PRESIDENT.-If you Chinese patients?

had a Chinese licentiate, do you

think that would attract

Dr. Lowson.-No; because when people come to the Civil Hospital they say they want a European doctor. They say they can get a Chinese doctor outside. Several times I have sent UI KAI to them, and they have refused to talk to him about their cases saying they want to see the No. 1,-a lot of bosh is talked on this subject by ignorant people.

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THE PRESIDENT.-I had an impression the Chinese had a dislike of European doctors?

Dr. Lowson. In one way that is so; but once you gain their confidence they will come to you. The dislike to European doctors during the plague was solely due to outside influences. When Chinese patients were taken to Kennedytown they did not want to leave. They were frightened by their friends who told them they would get their heads or other things cut off.

THE PRESIDENT.-You could get as many out-patients as you wished if you had time to attend to them?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes; and in-patients too. They are only too glad to come in and get kept for a week. We have to send them away. I think that question-in the list of questions-is out of place altogether.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-It certainly led us to believe that there was some cause why the Civil Hospital was not popular amongst the Chinese, and we wanted to find out what it was.

Mr. THURBURN.-An educated Chinaman, Mr. WEI YUK, told me that the Chi- nese were under the impression that they could not go to the Civil Hospital for attend-

ance.

Dr. Lowson. I believe a great many do not know. But after wè perform a simple eye operation there is sure to be a great many applications the next few days.

Dr. PRESTON. So that the Civil Hospital is popular? Do you think you should have more accommodation?

Dr. Lowson. So far as I have heard, I believe Dr. WHARRY, the previous Super- intendent, discouraged the Chinese from coming there, and, I suppose, quite rightly. He was alone; and he was not going to encourage the Chinese to come in and keep him at work all day long. But you will see from the out-patients book that we have them in large numbers-3,000 last year, or something like 20 or 30 a day.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are they seen every day?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes; in odd moments.

THE PRESIDENT.-If you had a third man at the Civil Hospital, who would attend to the out-patients?

Dr. Lowson.-If Dr. ATKINSON were here we could make an hour in the afternoon to attend to them.

THE PRESIDENT.-But if you had three men on your staff?

Dr. Lowson.-We don't require the third man at present at the Hospital,-two are quite enough to do the work of the Hospital and to take the out-patients as well, unless they increase tremendously. At present, we fix Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays for seeing out-patients, leaving the other days free for operative work.

Mr. THURBURN.-Perhaps it would be as well to advertise in the Chinese papers that the Chinese may go to the Civil Hospital?

Dr. Lowson.-If the Government want to fill up the place well and good; but that is the difficulty. We could fill it up now. But we receive only a certain amount of money, and we have to use our judgment in taking in paltry cases which can be as well treated as an out-patients as if it were in the Hospital. I think the best thing would be to allow the thing to work its own way. If you are doing good work it will become known. West of the Civil Hospital, it is well known and we have a lot of patients from that district. Besides, I have been under the impression that the Hos- pital was for the use of Europeans and Government servants as well,

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THE PRESIDENT.-If there was one man to do the Gaol, the Tung Wah Hospital and the Public Mortuary would he have sufficient work without private practice?

Dr. Lowson. Most certainly; if he is going to do the Tung Wah properly. If the Government want to get proper statistics from the Tung Wah and to keep it in proper

order it would take one man devoting several hours a day to do it thoroughly. Dr. PRESTON.-The Gaol only takes two and a half hours a day?

Dr. Lowson. And the Tung Wah, done properly would take up two or three hours. If they are going to have the separate system in the Gaol it will take more time than it does under the present system. If the Government makes work, it must get men to do the work. It is a big order to increase a man's duties by two hours a day-you would not like it in the army.

•

Dr. PRESTON.-We have to attend to the Asiatics now, which we had not to do before, but still we do it without raising a protest.

Dr. Lowson.-Yes, but you have favourable terms of pension, and we have not. If we were better paid even it would be all right, but when we have to struggle to get dollars it is a different story. Before I could claim a pension I would have to stay thirty-three years in this Colony.

Dr. PRESTON.-For a pension of any sort?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes; it is a farce. The Government medical service ought to be better paid, and the pension conditions ought to be revised. We want the same rules in regard to pension as you have in the Army-one does not want pension rules which all sane men regard as obsolete.

THE PRESIDENT.-You have no proper accommodation for observation cases?

Mr. THURBURN.-I thought plans had been agreed upon for observation work?

Dr. Lowson.-No; to make a balance that work was stopped. I think the present epidemic wards at the Civil Hospital are satisfactory so far as they go with regard to position. They are high above Chinatown and when there are only a few cases in it they can be isolated easily enough-if of the same disease. Otherwise they are com- pletely inadequate and sometime or other will cause disaster.

THE PRESIDENT.-When you are certain of the diseases you would remove the cases to the Hygeia?

Dr. Lowson.-When there are a number of cases; otherwise it would mean expense. You could keep two or three cases isolated as well in these wards on board the Hygeia, and if you had a few rooms you could put small-pox at one end of the building and say gangrene at the other.

THE PRESIDENT.-Is the Lock Hospital a separate building?

Dr. Lowson. It is part of the same building.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Have you anything to add to your scheme with regard to the nurses?

Dr. Lowson.-Nothing; except, of course, as I say here, if it was not practicable it would not have been suggested. It is also desirable in the interests of the Colony, but not in the interests of efficiency. If we could get two English nurses from home, who could speak Chinese, French, and German fluently, it would be better.

Mr. THURBURN.-But two English girls who speak Chinese fluently do not exist?

Dr. Lowson. That is so; the point about the answer to this question is this: We can get two people here to assist at $5 a month, with rations and uniform, and in a little time they would know their work fairly well. We have a lot of Chinese patients, and our Chinese speaking Sister is going home; and if we had these Eurasian girls who

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talked Chinese and English it would be a great benefit to the medical officers. Otherwise we will have to send home for two more nurses; we must have more if all the Sisters here at present are going to get their fair share of leave. That means $60 a month for each, rations $15 a month, and a uniform, besides $300 each way for passage.

I am afraid one would not be enough. Miss EASTMOND, I believe, stated two Sisters would never be away together, but she asks to say they have; and if they all take their vacation leave you would have two away for four months of the year. During the past year, our present staff of nurses, without exception has not been so good as they were before as so many have been sick. They have all suffered in health to a great extent, but we cannot always be writing about every little case to the Colonial Surgeon. Every one of the Sisters has sufferred severely.

Dr. PRESTON.-That is owing to exceptional circumstances? Dr. Lowson.-Yes.

year and

Mr. THURBURN.-According to the Matron's evidence, two will go off this after that there will always be two away. Therefore, it seems to me you must either get two more from home or else the nurses trained here would be permanently in the Hospital.

Dr. Lowson.-There is another view of training these girls; looking at it from the public point of view it is desirable that these girls should get something to do. We get them for practically nothing; we teach them, and if we find they are good we could keep them on.

Mr. THURBURN.-Practically they would have to do the work of Sisters?

Dr. Lowson. Under the supervision of Sisters. One Sister with the assistance of one of these girls might do one flat of the Hospital at a pinch.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-What is the ultimate position they would attain?

Dr. Lowson.-Nurses; not Sisters.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-You do not mean that these women should attain to the posi- tion of Sisters and be allowed all the privileges of Sisters and living in the same house? Dr. Lowson.-No; because we could not train them well enough. We could make them useful nurses and useful members of society. They would require to be always under the supervision of a Sister from whom they could get advice if it was wanted.

Mr. THURBURN.-On the whole you recommend them in preference to getting out two new Sisters?

Dr. Lowson. As an administrative officer of the Government wishing to save money and to get things as nearly perfection as possible I suggest them.

Mr. THURBURN.--You recommend them purely because they are able to talk Chinese?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes; and on economical grounds. If I were in charge and were allowed to do anything I wanted I would get several Sisters out from home; but look at the money, it will cost $720 a year each.

THE PRESIDENT.-Apart from the cost, which do you prefer to have two Sisters from home or to have two or four or six of these women in the position of nurses?

Dr. Lowson. I would rather have two English nurses out. With our Sisters going home presently, two English nurses would be advisable, but you have to pay $720 each a year for them with all extras. We will know in about three months whether these girls are likely to do well-before any of the Sisters leave. These girls have the advantage of being able to tell us about the Chinese patients, and will be able to nurse most of the Chinese cases as well as the Sisters do-except surgical cases.

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THE PRESIDENT.—Would you confine them to Chinese cases? Dr. Lowson.-No; they would assist in the general work.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You could do with six or eight of them ?

Dr. Lowson. We have proposed only two as a precaution against failure. If they turn out well, we might get more girls to come in and learn.

Dr. CANTLIE.-By having eight or nine of these nurses trained locally you would do better than with two Sisters from home?

Dr. Lowsox.—I feel very confident in saying just now that it will prove a successful experiment, and if it does not come out all right in three months' time there is no loss to the Government or anybody. It is a very expensive way to bring out Sisters from home. There are a great many Eurasian girls in the Colony with nothing to do and if we could train them here as nurses they might go to the coast ports and do good work.

THE PRESIDENT.-They might be used as private nurses in the Colony?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes. I believe they could go out as nurses and very soon make their own living.

THE PRESIDENT.—Are you in favour of the Government opening Dispensaries in various parts of the Colony?

Dr. Lowson.-Theoretically, I am; but this wants qualification. I think it would be a good idea to have a Government Dispensary at Kowloon, but from my knowledge of the Chinese character, acquired within the last six years, I think at the present moment the Civil Hospital and the Alice Memorial Hospital, given out-patient departments well conducted, would do far more good than Dispensaries. In the first place, I think Dr. CANTLIE's estimate about these Dispensaries is very much under what will be the actual cost; it was under $3,000 for four dispensaries. We have the best idea about the price of drugs, and we estimate the cost at $6,500. Then there are no men to fill the post of dispensers. I do not think, with all due deference to Dr. CANTLIE, that he has a man from the College of Medicine to fill these posts. The scheme is a grand one, but you do not have the men to carry it out. ・・

Dr. CANTLIE. They had to begin in India fifty years ago under the same objections. In India now, they have splendid training colleges. You cannot make the men until you give them a chance of getting the education. The real question is whether these men would be of any use at all.

Dr. Lowson. You have one man available. The others who have graduated in the College of Medicine have gone to Borneo or up the country, and there is only one here just now. From my own experience of one of these men, if they were allowed to have charge of these Dispensaries, I would say there will be an amount of squeezing which it will be difficult to stop; and I really believe, ultimately, these Dispensaries would be more an abuse than anything else. If they are to be established, let them be free. Don't charge these poor people if you want to reach them. If the Chinese want European advice they will go to a European and not to the native doctors who are only semi-educated. Some of these students have very foggy ideas of medicine-mostly learned like parrots.

Mr. THURBURN.-I suppose it is impossible for the College of Medicine to give a proper training?

Dr. CANTLIE.-The great difficulty is the preliminary education.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Your estimate of the native character leads you to believe that if a Chinese doctor were put in charge of this Dispensary at Kowloon, without European supervision, he would speedily become demoralised?

Dr. Lowsos. He would speedily accumulate a fortune.

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Mr. MCCONACHIE.-But that is the native character ?

Dr. Lowson.-Yes.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.—I must say I am of your opinion.

Dr. CANTLIE.-What the Government want is to have men who can give valuable information about diseases.

Dr. Lowson. They won't get it in this way then. That is our experience in the Tung Wah Hospital. You will get a return of deaths from something, but you will not get at the true cause of death.

Dr. CANTLIE.-But we would get nearer the truth. If we get a report of "simple continued fever" we can form our own estimate of it. A Chinese doctor over at Kow- loon would get more information as to the causes of death than a European.

Dr. Lowson. If I were the Medical Officer of Health for the Colony, I would take the Sanitary Inspectors and the Chinese interpreters, and I would get more inform- ation out of them than you would get from these dispensers. It is all a question of .the registration of deaths, and it has got to begin at the top. The Government should first pass an Ordinance making the registration of death compulsory; the present defects are not due to medical mismanagement but to the fact that there is no compulsory registration of death-cause of death is often out of the question.

Dr. CANTLIE.—And if you were in charge you would say these Dispensers were absolutely useless?

Dr. Lowson.-You might get them to do some little work; but to give them $60 a month would be a gross waste of money. I would make some of these licentiates extra Sanitary Inspectors or interpreters-attach them to the staff of the Medical Officer of Health for the Colony, and let him instruct them as to the registration of deaths. But I would not start Dispensaries. Attached to the Health Officer's staff they would be useful, because that officer would have his eye upon them. They have a certain amount of medical knowledge; but you should not let them get out of your sight for a

moment.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think U I KAI is useful to you in the Civil Hospital? Do you use him as a dispenser or is he in charge of the wards?

Dr. Lowson. He is. He has passed his examination, and he knows as much as some European medical men. I have not time to give a patient in Hospital hypodermic injections for instance, so I set U I KAI to give them an injection of morphia. Minor operations also he is sometimes entrusted with. He has been under our training for five years. We will require another dispenser if we are going to have more Chinese in the Civil Hospital. UI KAI, the only man who is of any use to us, I can see, will be taken from us and appointed Superintendent of the Tung Wah Hospital. He knows exactly how we work, and if he were put into the Tung Wah Hospital it would be a great loss to us.

Dr. CANTLIE.-There is another man down in Borneo whom they want as Super- intendent for the Tung Wah.

Dr. Lowson.-I would not recommend that gentleman. He was recommended as interpreter to the Kennedytown Station and I found his absence preferable to his

presence.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think if there were more chances of employment the Chinese would pass through the College of Medicine ?

Dr. Lowson. It is the same old story about the Chinese being a backward race. If you will pay them to go there and learn they will go and learn. How much they learn is an unknown quantity so far. Those students at the Alice Memorial Hospital do not pay for their education.

Dr. CANTLIE. Yes, they do. in free at the start, but the greater

( 43 )

They pay $250 or $50 a year. One or two came number paid the whole sum at once. No man is taken in now unless he pays. I think ten students have entered during the last three

years.

Dr. Lowson.-I have information to an opposite effect. I do not think the educa- tion they get is sufficient. The way to begin is to give free scholarships-give big prizes to some of the men in Victoria College.

Dr. CANTLIE.-We have done that; and we have Belilios Scholarships as well. Mr. THURBURN.-If these men do not get a proper training they are not fit to undertake the control of these dispensaries.

Dr. CANTLIE.—Are these dispensaries likely to be of any use or not, in your opinion?

Dr. Lowson. I would say it is a gross waste of money to establish them. I would not say they will be of absolutely no use; they are bound to fill somebody's pockets. Until I get more satisfactory proof I can only say most of these men are of no use as dispensers.

THE PRESIDENT.-In the event of a recurrence of plague what medical arrange- ments should be made for the removal of patients from the Colony?

Dr. Lowson.--I do not know the meaning of that question.

THE PRESIDENT.-How are they to be moved? By Government supervision? or are the Chinese to be allowed to take them away out of the Colony?

Dr. Lowson.This brings up the Laichikok question. Removals to Canton could be made at any time, but removals to places at a short distance from the Colony should be prohibited. There is only one proper way about it. If the patients are going to be removed from this Colony they have got to be removed a certain distance from it.

THE PRESIDENT.-Is Laichikok a safe distance away?

Dr. Lowson.—No.

THE PRESIDENT.-How far away would you consider safe distance?

Dr. Lowson. Twenty miles.

THE PRESIDENT.--Absolutely away from English waters altogether?

Dr. LowsON.-Yes.

THE PRESIDENT.—Is there enough accommodation for patients in case of an epidemic?

Dr. Lowson. As we do not expect epidemics, I think we have quite enough accommodation. If, in the event of a recurrence of the plague, patients are to be moved to Canton, I would be quite content with the Kennedytown Station and matsheds (which could be quickly constructed) along the foreshore. All arrangements for a recrudescence of plague are satisfactory (as far as they can be said to be satisfactory after my previous evidence) in the medical department, if we are only let alone.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are matsheds sufficient, even in wet weather.

Dr. Lowson.-Yes; they are very good.

Dr. CANTLIE.-So that, if in the event of a recurrence of the plague, you have no objection to the dead and the living being removed, under European supervision?

( 44 )

Dr. Lowson.—No. They must go through a sort of Customs. There must be two Stations--one opposite the Blue Buildings and one opposite the Civil Hospital-- both under the charge of a doctor; and the junks could come alongside and the patients put on board, and the junks could be towed out of the waters of the Colony; and they must not be allowed to stop within a certain limit. You have now a staff of Sanitary Inspectors who could see that these stipulations were fulfilled.

Dr. CANTLIE.-What about plague patients at Kowloon ?

Dr. Lowsox.-During the plague epidemic there were only about one hundred and forty cases at Kowloon all the time; if it did break out over there a matshed could be fitted up. There is plenty of ground for isolation. But patients might even be brought from Samshuipo and Yaumati to Kennedytown. They would have only as much moving about as at Kowloon. If one saw it was going to run riot over there, it would be quite easy to put up a Hospital near the Rifle Ranges.

Meeting held 19th February, 1895.

Present:-Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. McCONACHIE.

Dr. JAMES CANTLIE.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you know of any reason why the Chinese do not avail them- selves more of the Government Civil Hospital than they do?

Dr. Ho KAI.-Because of the heavy charge that is made. I understand that $1 a day is charged for Chinese and as much as $3 for Europeans.

Dr. PRESTON.-But can not the coolie class go there as much as they like free of charge?

Dr. Ho KAI.-I am not aware of that. I remember sending a coolie down there, and they wanted to charge for him. Except a coolie be brought in by the police or is destitute I understand a charge is made. If any change has been made lately, I am not aware of it.

THE PRESIDENT.-You think it is not generally known amongst the Chinese that they can go to the Government Civil Hospital free of charge?

Dr. Ho KAL-I do not think they know that. Some five or six years ago, before starting the Alice Memorial Hospital, we stated that a charge was made at the Civil Hospital and it was not contradicted. I think it is the general impression that they would be charged if they went to the Civil Hospital-that is so say if they went there for advice. I do not know about out-patients so much, because most Chinese patients go there to be admitted as in-patients. They do not, as a rule, consult European doctors for slight ailments.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you know of any other reason why they do not go there ?

Dr. Ho KAL-No.

( 45 )

THE PRESIDENT.-Are the Chinese averse to European modes of treatment?

Dr. Ho KAI.—Amongst the richer classes, yes; but not amongst

but not amongst the poorer classes. Dr. CANTLIE.--Did you ever hear it stated that they did not go there because of post mortems being held in the Civil Hospital?

Dr. Ho KAI.-No. That may be a reason why they do not go to the Civil Hospital, but I have never heard it.

Dr. CANTLIE.-The Government have asked us to go into the question of Dispen- saries. Would you tell us whether you think they could be of use, whether the students trained in the College of Medicine for Chinese would be of any use in charge of these Dispensaries, whether they could be trusted and whether it would pay to establish the Dispensaries?

Dr. Ho KAI.-It would certainly be useful to establish Dispensaries throughout the Colony; first, for the treatment of the poor, and secondly, to report the occurrence of serious cases of disease and epidemics.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would you open them at Yaumati, Shaukiwan or in Hongkong? Dr. Ho KAL-Scatter them. But I think it is necessary to have one in Taipingshan.

Dr. CANTLIE.-The Nethersole Dispensary was there before?

Dr. Ho KAI.---Yes; and if you have one there you will be able to get a great deal of information of disease in the Colony.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think these Dispensaries would pay the Government? Would the Chinese pay for advice and medicines ?

Dr. Ho KAI.-No. The moment you put a price on European medicines the Chinese will refuse to take them. If they get the medicines free they will make use of them.

Dr. PRESTON.-But they have to pay for Chinese medicines ?

Dr. Ho KAI-Yes; but only a few cash. If supplied with European medicines, they might pay for the bottle, because they could sell the bottle afterwards. In the Tung Wah Hospital most of the medicines are given away free. The well-to-do Chi- nese have given donations of medicines in large quantities throughout the year.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You do not think these dispensaries would contribute anything towards their maintenance? They would have to be maintained wholly at Government expense ?

Dr. Ho KAI.-Yes.

Dr. CANTLIE.-About the men in charge. Do you think U I KAI, YAU TSZ Fook and the others could take charge?

Dr. Ho KAI.-Yes, if they have qualified by going through a five or six years' course at the College of Medicine.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Could you trust these men to take charge of a dispensary at Yau- mati, or do you think he would sell the medicines?

Dr. Ho KAI-You could trust them or you could take security. Get them secured by somebody before they are appointed.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Supposing a man had a place full of drugs you say the Chinese would not pay for them, and it would be therefore impossible for him to sell them?

Dr. Ho KAI.-The better class Chinese might buy from him-quinine especially.

•

( 46 )

Dr. CANTLIE.-Supposing you had a dispensary over at Yaumati, the Chinese would rather go there for medicines than come over to Hongkong to the Hospital?

Dr. Ho KAI-Yes. It might defeat the object for which the dispensaries were established if you asked the Chinese to pay.

Dr. CANTLIE.-There has been a great variety of opinion about the qualifications of these men of the College of Medicine-whether they are able to take these appoint- ments, that they would be open to squeeze and that we could not rely upon their reports of the prevalence of diseases.

Dr. Ho KAI.-I think if you pay a man a competent salary and give them clearly to understand that they are not to have private practice they would work satisfactorily.

THE PRESIDENT.-Why not private practice?

Dr. Ho KAI.-Because that would open the door at once to corruption, and would tempt the man to neglect his work. He would devote his time to making a private practice and would attend the richer patients or those who paid him a fee. Further- more, he would use the drugs supplied to him by the Government and charge for them. I am against their being allowed to have a private practice.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would it do to have the dispensaries open at certain hours, and allow the men to have private practice? Would you not have the men go out of the place at all?

Dr. Ho KAI.-Not except in the morning or evening.

Dr. CANTLIE.-But to see patients?

Dr. Ho KAI.-If he goes he must leave word where he is to be found; he should keep a journal showing his visits and how long each visit occupied.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think they would be of good use to the Government for reporting disease?

Dr. Ho KAI.-They would be very good for that.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do not you think they would be apt to be bribed and would hide the truth?

Dr. Ho KAI.-No. It would be easily found out. They could not hide epidemic cases more than a few days, and then they would run the risk of losing their appointments and perhaps render themselves subject to a penalty.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think these men would be capable to go round to diagnose cases of small-pox, typhoid, diphtheria and other diseases?

Dr. Ho KAL-Small-pox, yes. But I do not know that they could diagnose typhoid; it is, as you know, a very insiduous disease, and the most experienced doctors are sometimes wrong in such cases.

Dr. CANTLIE. Do you, from what you know of the education of these men, think them capable of being trusted so far as ability is concerned?

Dr. Ho KAI.-Yes. If they had three years' practical experience in the Hospital they could be relied upon to diagnose a case of disease, but they should have the power to apply to the Colonial Surgeon or some medical authority higher than themselves to go over and help them in serious cases or cases of difficulty. They should be permitted to call in the advice of a European doctor, either in the Government service or not.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Then, you would like to have them under control?

Dr. Ho KAI-Somebody must superintend them.

Dr. CANTLIE.-To what extent--to visit them daily?

( 47 )

Dr. Ho KAI.--Perhaps to receive their daily report, or if they have a difficult case to go round and see it with them.

Dr. CANTLIE. That would throw a good deal of work upon the medical man whose duty it was to take charge of them.

Dr. Ho KAI-Yes.

Mr. THURBURN.-When they get diplomas have they any actual work at the Alice Memorial Hospital? That is to say after they pass the College of Medicine?

Dr. Ho KAI.-They serve in the Alice Memorial Hospital nearly the whole of the five years, taking appointments as clerks or dressers and so on, and in the Hospital they receive their practical education as well as their theoretical education. The College of Medicine makes use of one of the rooms there as a lecture room and so when students join the College of Medicine they actually join the Alice Memorial Hospital and the Nethersole Hospital, and the whole of the five years, so far as I know, are spent in the Hospital.

join.

Mr. THURBURN.-How old are they when they finish?

Dr. Ho KAI.-The youngest would be about thirteen or fourteen years when they

Dr. CANTLIE.-Seventeen, I think.

Dr. Ho KAI.-They are trained there until they are over twenty.

Mr. THURBURN.—They are about twenty-one, young men?

Dr. Ho KAI-Yes.

Dr. CANTLIE.-That is the same as in England.

Dr. Ho KAI.-Yes, but in Scotland they pass even younger than that. They are not permitted to practice until they are twenty-one, but they may pass all the examina- tions in Scotland before they are twenty-one.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think these licentiates would take up the appointments under the Government, if offered to them?

Dr. Ho KAI-Yes.

THE PRESIDENT.--Do you think they might become assistants at the Government Civil Hospital?

Dr. Ho KAI.-If the medical men would have them.

Dr. CANTLIE.-But UI KAI is there already as an assistant.

Dr. Ho KAI.-I do not know that; he is one of the best assistants. I know he is a capital dispenser.

Mr. THURBURN.-Supposing one of these men were put in charge of a Dispensary and left to himself-if there were too many of them to be put under the supervision of a European doctor and they were left alone for a month-do you think he could be trusted not only to diagnose diseases and administer medicines but to look after his work? Don't you think they would become lazy, and probably give returns of diseases without taking the trouble of finding them out?

Dr. Ho KAI.-The majority would be all right, but I daresay one or two of the men out of the number would turn out badly. You see this is a new thing to them.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Is it not a fact that the native character becomes demoralised when it is not under restraint?

Dr. HO KAI-You mean to say the Chinese in general; yes, that is so.

( 48 )

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Would you recommend dispensaries throughout the city over and above the fact that they can get free drugs at the Civil Hospital and the Alice Memorial Hospital? Is that not sufficient?

Dr. Ho KAI.-Not quite.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Can they not get drugs at the Tung Wah?

Dr. Ho KAI-Yes; Chinese, but not European.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-If European drugs were dispensed at the Tung Wah, would not that meet all the requirements of Taipingshan?

Dr. Ho KAI-Yes, of that particular centre.

Dr. CantLIE.-Do you think there is any possibility of getting European drugs dispensed there?

Dr. Ho KAI.---Well, the Hospital is as much under the Government as under the Chinese Committee. The Government must have a voice in the management.

THE PRESIDENT.-If one of these licentiates were put in charge of a dispensary what salary should he have, if not allowed private practice?

Dr. Ho KAI-I think to begin it should not be less than $50 a month with an increase in course of time. It is hardly to be expected that one of these men, who has had an English training and who knows English, should receive less than is ultimately paid to an interpreter at the Police Court, especially after having spent five years in the College of Medicine. I think $50 to start with would be sufficient and the salary might be increased to say $100.

THE PRESIDENT.-He would not expect so much if allowed private practice? Dr. Ho KAI.-If allowed private practice he would make a great deal more. as I have already said, it would be dangerous to allow them to have private practice.

Dr. CANTLIE. Do you think it is desirable to have a dispensary in Yaumati? Dr. HO KAI.---Certainly. And there should also be one at Shaukiwan.

But

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do not you think it would be difficult to superintend a man at Shaukiwan?

Dr. Ho KAL.-I do not see any difficulty in superintending them even if they were as far away as Canton.

Dr. CANTLIE. Should the superintendence be by the Government or by the College of Medicine?

Dr. Ho KAI.-Either would do. The College of Medicine would be much safer I would think.

Dr. PRESTON.—It would have a tendency to keep them straight if they knew they were liable to inspection?

Dr. Ho KAI. That is what I mean by supervision.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--Do not you think the experiment might be tried first at Yaumati, and if that worked all right to extend the dispensaries?

Dr. Ho KAI.--I think if you tried only one place first you would not see the results so well. If you want to start the thing the scheme must be well considered beforehand.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-To start the whole scheme would mean a large expenditure. Dr. Ho KAI-I do not think more than $5,000 would be required.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-There is $600 for salaries alone.

( 49 )

Mr. THURBURN.-I think it would be $2,000 each year.

Dr. Ho KAI.-I think that includes first cost. I do not think the running expenses would come to that. I am thinking of course of the first years or so.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think it would be better for the Government to supervise them or the College of Medicine?

Dr. Ho KAI.-I think it would be better for the Government, if they could afford to have one doctor set apart like the Colonial Surgeon, to supervise them. But if the Government could not spare a man for this duty, then of course the next best thing would be to place the dispensaries under the College of Medicine.

THE PRESIDENT.-If the Government paid a certain sum to the College of Medicine it would undertake to look after the working of the scheme?

Dr. Ho KAI-Yes; I think so. The students would be entirely under the College of Medicine.

Meeting held 26th February, 1895.

Present.-Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. McCONACHIE.

Dr. JAMES Cantlie.

Absent. Mr. J. THURBURN.

Mr. HUGH MCCALLUM, Superintendent and Secretary, Sanitary Board, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Will you tell the Committee who performs the duties of Medical Officer of Health for the Colony?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-So far as they are performed they are performed by the Colonial Surgeon; that is so far as I am aware.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Has Dr. AYRES been relieved, since your appointment, of any duties? Did you take over any of the work he formerly performed?

of his

Mr. MCCALLUM.--I took over a good deal of it. That is, in supervising the work

of the Inspectors of Nuisances and so on.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Did the Colonial Surgeon have to look after the whole of the

sanitary work prior to your appointment?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-It lay between him and the Surveyor General.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Was he responsible for it or the Surveyor General ?

Mr. MCCALLUM.—That I cannot tell. It was a case of divided responsibility, and that, I believe, was the reason for the creation of the Sanitary Department. It was created in 1883. I was the first secretary.

THE PRESIDENT.-Does Dr. AYRES not perform those duties now?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-I really do not know what duties he performs.

THE PRESIDENT.-But he is Medical Officer to the Sanitary Board, is he not?

( 50 )

Mr. MCCALLUM.-He is not Medical Officer to the Sanitary Board; he is a member of the Board.

Dr. CANTLIE.-He has nothing to do with the regulation of the Sanitary Inspectors, directly?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-He gives no direct orders; he is merely a member of the Board.. Dr. CANTLIE.-You do not get letters from the Government saying: "Refer this to the Colonial Surgeon or the Medical Officer ?"

Mr. MCCALLUM.--No.

Dr. PRESTON.-It is a layman then and not a medical man who is responsible for nuisances, overcrowding, the water supply and so on?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-The Sanitary Board is responsible for all these matters. There are three medical men members of the Sanitary Board-Dr. AYRES, Dr. HARTIGAN, and Dr. Ho KAI.

THE PRESIDENT.-How are suggestions by the Medical Officer to be carried out?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-If Dr. AYRES makes any recommendation, it comes before the Board, and I get instructions to see it carried out if the Board considers the recommenda tion a good one.

THE PRESIDENT.-There is, in fact, no Medical Officer of Health?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-It has always been held that the Colonial Surgeon is the Medical Officer of Health.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-There is some idea of appointing a medical man in charge of the Sanitary Department of the Colony--that is ashore. Could you give us any idea of what his duties would be ?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-There are a great many matters in connection with sanitation which would not come, strictly or remotely, under the province of a medical man, and I doubt very much if it would be wise to adopt the plan of putting a medical man in executive charge of the Sanitary Department. If they appoint a Medical Officer of Health, he should confine himself to purely medical work. I do not think he is likely to prove a good administrator.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--Supposing such a man were appointed can you give us any idea what would comprise his duties?

Mr. MCCALLUM.--I could; but I should like to sit down and think about it.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--It would be very important and useful to the commission if we knew exactly what duties he ought to perform. Perhaps you could furnish us with a memorandum ?

Mr. MCCALLUM.--If you wish it, I will be very glad to do so.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--There is another question I should like to ask. In the event of such a man being appointed what duties would remain for you to perform?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-It is a thing that wants careful thinking out.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-So far as I can see, if a medical man were appointed as Medical Officer to the Sanitary Board, your duties would be confined to the office altogether.

THE PRESIDENT.--Have you a sufficient staff to look after the sanitary condition of the Colony generally?

Mr. MCCALLUM.I have had such a large increase to the staff since the beginning of the year that I think we have enough now. But it is such a short time since we got the increase that I should like to have more experience before I gave a decided opinion.

( 51 )

Dr. CANTLIE. -Do any

your Inspectors speak Chinese?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-One speaks it very well; and two or three understand it, and all have now to take it up.

THE PRESIDENT.-Have you any Chinese licentiates in the Department?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-None whatever.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-What is your present staff?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-There are eleven inspectors :-eight in the city, two at Kowloon, and one in the rural districts. Of course, there are watchmen and other officers in addition.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Is that your sole staff?

Mr. MCCALLUM.--There are a good many more; I should have to go to the office to get the exact number.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You have the scavenging department?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-That is done by contract. I am speaking only of people who are paid monthly salaries. There are the markets and slaughter houses.

THE PRESIDENT.-Am I correctly informed that you are the senior inspector? Mr. MCCALLUM.-I am the Superintendent and Secretary to the Sanitary Board. Dr. CanTLIE.-To whom are you directly responsible ?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-I have always looked upon it that I am directly responsible to the Board.

THE PRESIDENT.-Not to the Colonial Surgeon?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-I have nothing whatever to do with him.

Dr. CANTLIE.-As Superintendent, you are responsible to the Board. As Secretary are you responsible to it or to the Government directly?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-I should take orders from the Government or from the Board.

THE PRESIDENT.-All your reports go through the Board?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-Everything.

Dr. PRESTON.-The Government would not give you an order directly?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-The order would come to me as Secretary and it would then go before the Board; but if urgent I would deal with the matter promptly.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think it would be an advantage to have a medical man at your elbow to advise you?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-It would be an advantage I should think to have a medical man as Health Officer for the Colony.

Dr. CANTLIE.To yourself and the Board generally do you think it would be of great use?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-I am inclined to think so.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Practically you have been doing the work of Medical Officer of Health, do you think a medical man, who is devoting himself entirely to the shore, could do the port work as well?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-I think one man would be able to do both and do the work well, provided he has no private work and is paid a proper salary.

Dr. CANTLIE.-And he would want a staff?

( 52 )

Mr. MCCALLUM.-The whole thing would require to be thought out carefully.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-I understand by Dr. CANTLIE'S remarks that your position would still be retained under that arrangement.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Yes.-There must be an enormous amount of clerical and executive work; and I do not think you could get a medical man capable of doing it except after long training. Do you know of any report which would enable us to ascertain how the Medical Officers of Health in the towns or counties of England are managed and showing the relation in which these officers stand to the sanitary authorities?

Mr. MCCALLUM --I can give you that fully.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You lectured at the College of Medicine to the students on sanitation and they had examinations on the subject?

Mr. MCCALLUM.--Yes.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Did they do fairly well?

Mr MCCALLUM.-A certain proportion did fairly well considering the class of students they are and that they are dealing with a language that is foreign to them.

Dr. CANTLIE. Do you think these men would be of any use in the Sanitary Department-to a Medical Officer who wanted to get a knowledge of prevalent diseases or the death rate or of epidemics?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-I think until something of that sort is established your mortality statistics will always be unreliable. Something of the same sort had to be started in London 200 or 300 years ago, and I do not know that they had any better men then than those you refer to, to undertake the work.

THE PRESIDENT.-These licentiates would probably do the work better than Europeans?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-Properly handled I think in a year or two they would prove to

useful. Much would depend on how they are handled.

very

Dr. CANTLIE.--You think if such men were available for this work it would be possible to get more correct information of diseases?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-It is the only way I can see by which death registration can be made approximately reliable.

Dr. CANTLIE. Supposing no Medical Officer of Health were appointed and supposing the present arrangements were going on could you make any use of these men? Mr. MCCALLUM.-I suppose I could, but not to the same extent as a properly qualified medical man.

Dr. CANTLIE-You mean they would not be very useful according to the present arrangements unless they had a medical man to criticise their reports?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-That is what I mean.

THE PRESIDENT.—If a Medical Officer of Health for the Colony were appointed would it be necessary to have a Sanitary Board?

Mr. MCCALLUM.--I think so, if

you wish to carry on the sanitation of the Colony and carry the people with you; and I do not think you will succeed in making any really permanent progress in domestic sanitation unless you carry the people with you. You will never succeed in forcing it upon them.

THE PRESIDENT.-You mean the native population?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-- Yes; it is as well to carry them with you as far as possible.

THE PRESIDENT.-How many Chinese have you on the Sanitary Board?

53)

Mr. MCCALLUM.-There are usually two; at present, there is only one. Mr. LAU WEI CHUEN resigned and his successor has not been appointed.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--You do not think it would be a good thing to appoint a medical man in charge of the Sanitary Board and Medical Officer of Health for the Colony jointly, say, as Chairman of the Board?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-The Colonial Surgeon was Chairman of the Sanitary Board for eighteen months or two years.

Dr. CANTLIE.--I think what Mr. MCCONACHIE means is this: Is it possible to have a Health Department the same as the other Departments in the Colony, with a medical man at the head of it and this officer directly responsible to the Government and not to the Sanitary Board?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-Then you would have two authorities--the Health Officer and the Sanitary Board.

THE PRESIDENT.-The Sanitary Board superintends everything that appertains to the health of the Colony?

Mr. MCCALLUM.--That is its duty, undoubtedly.

THE PRESIDENT.-Have any steps been taken to increase the water supply?

Mr. MCCALLUM.-Steps are being taken, I believe.

Meeting held 8th March, 1895.

Present :-Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. McCONACHIE.

Dr. JAMES CANTLIE.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Mr. W. E. CROW, Government Analyst, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Have you been long in the Government service?

Mr. CROW.-I joined in the fall of 1882.

THE PRESIDENT.-During that time has there been any large increase in the duties of the Medical Department?

Mr. CROW. So far as my own section of the Department is concerned, yes. At the Government Civil Hospital there has been a slight increase in the number of in- patients and a considerable increase in the number of out-patients--a matter I know more about. There was a steady increase from the year 1883 till about 1891; since then I think the figures for out-patients have been stationary.

Dr. CANTLIE.-What is about the number per day or year, in round numbers?

Mr. CROW. Taking the number of prescriptions sent in to my Department it would be about 3,500; I suppose each prescription would count for a new patient. That is with reference to the out-patient department.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Is that chiefly in Chinese or Europeans?

( 54 )

Mr. CROW.-Europeans, I think.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Have the Chinese increased at all?

Mr. CROW.-No; I do not think so. There is no charge made for out-patients.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Anyone can come and get medicines who pleases?

Mr. CROW.Of course, it is in the discretion of the Colonial Surgeon.

Dr. CANTLIE.So far as you know any Chinese can come to the Government Civil Hospital for medicines?

Mr. CROW.--There is no question of nationality; they see the Colonial Surgeon, and then the prescription is handed in to us. We were never asked to make any charge for medicine.

THE PRESIDENT.---Are there any Chinese drugs dispensed?

Mr. CROW.--No; practically not. Of course, we buy some crude material for preparing pharmacopiea preparations. It is all Western remedies.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-What would you say was the daily number of prescriptions?

Mr. CROW. About 3,500 a year. It reached nearly 4,000 in 1891.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Is there an increase in the demand for European drugs by the Chinese.

Mr. CROW.--I do not think so. bring the number up to 6,000.

There are repetitions of prescriptions which might

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you think Western medicines would be greatly used by the natives if there were dispensaries opened in Taipingshan and Kowloon and different points in the Colony free of charge?

Mr. CROW.--I think so; but I think there would be no great rush for the Western treatment. There would a certain number of cases where the people would hear of cures, and then these people would go round for treatment; but I do not think the Chinese would avail themselves of the dispensaries in the same way as the poor people in England, because there is a great antipathy against Western medicines.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do you think there would be any use in opening dispensaries? Mr. CROW.-Yes. They would come in for treatment in small numbers at first. I do not think any charge that could be made would cover the cost of running these dispensaries.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-What would be the yearly cost of one of these dispensaries, for medicines?

Mr. CROW.--I was called upon to give an estimate and I estimated $1,500 for each dispensary, that is including rent, salary of the man in charge, and medicines.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Would you recommend the establishment of these dispensaries? Mr. CROW.-Yes; but only in connection with the scheme for getting proper vital statistics. I would not support it as a separate scheme for the mere use of issuing medicines.

Dr. CANTLIE.--In connection with what Department should they be?

Mr. CROW.-These Chinese practitioners, if attached to any Government Depart- ment, should be attached to the Medical Department.

Dr. CANTLIE. Do you think the officers of the Medical Department have time to look after them?

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Mr. CROW.-As at present manned, I doubt it. Regulations might be made for the proper entry of prescriptions made up by them, and this would be a check. These different prescriptions could be made up in our Department and issued to these dispen- saries, and a record would be kept of their stock; and if a prescription book were kept we could easily. account for the quantities. I think they must be controlled by European official.

Mr. THURBURN. Suppose you have a dozen or half a dozen dispensaries at Kowloon and different parts of the town, is it practicable to control these men in charge properly?

Mr. CROW.-They must be left to themselves to a great extent. There is the difficulty that they might be tempted to dispose of the medicines, and I have no doubt some of them would avail themselves of the first opportunity of doing so.

them.

Mr. THURBURN.-What I say is that we have not Europeans to thoroughly supervise

Mr. CROW.-That is a great difficulty in connection with them.

Mr. THURBURN.-It would be impossible, practically, to supervise these men properly if you had four or five of these dispensaries ?

Mr. CROW.-I think if the Department worked on strictly hospital lines and issued these medicines in given quantities the men in charge of the dispensaries making requisition to the officer in charge of the Central Department, that officer could be able to detect any irregularities between the amount issued and the entries in the prescription book,

Mr. THURBURN.-Do you think these men would act properly in giving the correct number of prescriptions and that they are capable of acting as dispensers and doctors? A Chinaman might act well under control of a doctor in the Civil Hospital but if left entirely or almost entirely to himself in some out-of-the-way part of the Colony do you think from your knowledge of the Chinese character, that he would carry out the regulations properly? That he might be very careless in issuing medicines and would fill up returns of deaths without being very particular whether the returns were right or wrong?

Mr. CROW.-I think some of them might be trusted, but that can only be decided by experiment.

THE PRESIDENT.-If dispensaries were opened and supplied in the way you suggest, would you require more staff?

Mr. CROW.-I think we would.

Dr. CANTLIE.-If one dispensary were opened at Kowloon, would you require any

assistance ?

Mr. CROW.-No.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think with one dispensary you could detect any irregularity? Mr. CROW.--I think so. It would be a case of trusting to returns in the books. Mr. THURBURN.-In fact, trusting to the men entirely?

Mr. CROW.--Yes.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Would he not make up his own prescriptions?

Mr. CROW.--Yes.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-How are you to know that though he has down so many prescriptions that he has not sold the medicines?

Mr. CROW.-I could not tell that at all.

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Mr. MCCONACHIE.--Then

you have no control over him at all. There is no check?

Mr. CROW.--None at all. I could only check by the amounts shown in the returns. It would be no check.

Dr. CANTLIE.You have had to do with the training of these licentiates of the College of Medicine whom it is proposed to put in charge of these dispensaries?

Mr. CROW.--Yes, I have had three Chinamen. Only one of them studied medicine. He is partly under me and partly under the Superintendent in the Civil Hospital. U I KAI is a dispenser. CHO KAM SUNG is another. He is the junior; he has been at the work about six years. They are both very good dispensers. I mean in regard to prescriptions of any physician whose handwriting is familiar to them; they could not serve as general dispensers in dealing with writing with which they are not familiar. They are not up to the standard of apothecaries' assistants in England. Their experience is limited to the Department in which they serve. To the Civil Hospital.

Dr. CANTLIE.---They are good enough where they are? You could not trust them

in Yaumati ?

Mr. CROW. They could dispense prescriptions from the same doctors with whom they have been in the habit of dealing, but they could not take up your prescriptions.

Mr. THURBURN.-It is one of the things they would have to do if put in charge of these dispensaries-to prescribe themselves, not merely to make up prescriptions.

Mr. CROW.---I do not think they could do that so well. U I KAI has been trained in a particular way and his method of prescribing would be on the lines of the doctors he has studied under. He could remember the remedies for common ailments, such as fever, diarrhoea, and such like. Take them out of the rut and they are lost.

Mr. THURBURN.-Take any of the young men from the College of Medicine who have been getting their education there entirely, do you think any of them, judging from what you know of the Chinese character or anything else, would be fit to put into these dispensaries and to find out what are the ailments of these people who would come to them, and to give prescriptions and make up the prescriptions themselves?

Mr. CROW. That is more a medical question. With regard to dispensing any prescription they have decided to give they could make it up right enough; but the diagnosing of disease is a different thing, and I cannot speak about that. Since he joined my Department, U I KAI has been receiving substantial pay, but I rather object to these men appointed to do pharmacy work going outside to other work. I understand U I KAI has been appointed an assistant to the doctors in the Civil Hospital. He does not prescribe for the patients in the Hospital. He goes to the Tung Wah Hospital about twelve o'clock every day to take temperature and examine urines and is ready to receive the doctors when they pay their daily visit. He does not do any prescribing in the Civil Hospital.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you think the young men from the College of Medicine could dispense medicines ?

Mr. CROW. With regard to ordinary cases of out-patients in our Department I should say the majority of the cases are merely coughs and colds, and fevers and diarrhoea, and eye complaints, and the dispensing, in the event of the dispensaries being started, would, for all practical purposes, be done at headquarters, because the mixtures would be prepared according to the Hospital pharmacopiea. There would be a certain amount of stock medicines, and when the stock ran down the men in charge would requisition for fresh supplies. I would give them only small quantities of ammonia and the bromides and such like.

Mr. THURBURN.--There would be no means of checking the sale of bromides?

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Mr. CROW.--No; but what they are more likely to sell would be sandalwood oil and the oil of peppermint. For diarrhoea we would have chalk and opium mixtures ready made.

Dr. CANTLIE.The only things they are likely to sell are remedies for venereal diseases?

Mr. CROW.-Yes; and quinine. If they had a patient who was suffering from diarrhoea and they decided to give him a chalk and opium mixture, I take it they would not write out a prescription but would merely give the patient two tablespoonfuls. The dispensing would be all arranged beforehand. It is not really a matter of prescription at all.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-The object of establishing these dispensaries is to spread a knowledge of Western medicines. Do you think the scheme is worth a trial?

Mr. CROW.-Yes. As a start I would recommed four or five dispensaries.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Where would you put them? Do you think it is necessary to have them in the town where there is the Civil Hospital and the Alice Memorial Hospital?

Mr. CROW. I think you might make a start at Yaumati. I would recommend the trial of one. I could superintend that one without any extra staff. I or my assist- ant could visit the place once a week. I think once a week would be sufficient.

THE PRESIDENT.-Did you at one time act as Secretary to the Sanitary Board? Mr. CROW.-Yes; from October, 1887, to March, 1889. The Secretary was away at the time on sick leave. I was Acting Superintendent as well, precisely the same as Mr. MCCALLUM now. At first I was appointed Acting Sanitary Inspector under the old Ordinance of 1883, the first Sanitary Board Ordinance, and then in May, 1888, under the new Public Health Ordinance, 24 of 1887, I was appointed Acting Sanitary Superintendent and Secretary. Mr. PRICE was Chairman, and then my old chief.

Mr. THURBURN.-Have Mr. MCCALLUM's duties increased.

Mr. CROW.-Very considerably, I think more particularly as regards the Secretary's work.

Mr. THURBURN.-And not the out work?

Mr. CROW.-Not to the same extent, I think. He is paid as Superintendent of the Board, the Secretaryship is an honorary post.

Dr. CANTLIE.-There was an epidemic of small-pox while you were in charge; did you have any difficulty with it?

Mr. CROW.-Yes, we had an epidemic, but we did not have much difficulty. It was said to be a very severe one considering the population. I had no assistance or any extra doctors or inspectors. I found it necessary to ask for a small supplementary vote-$500-at the end for disinfectants. I do not remember the exact number of

The mortality was about 600. Every place reported was disinfected.

cases.

THE PRESIDENT-How were the patients accommodated?

Mr. CROW. In the garden at the back of the Civil Hospital. The observation ward was, at least; but it was soon filled up, and we had to erect two matsheds imme- diately behind the staff's quarters. All the cases were treated there.

Dr. CANTLIE.--Was there not some other place available at the time?

Mr. CROW.-No. There were many other places recommended as soon as we got over the difficulty. Mr. PRICE was still Chairman of the Board. A recommendation was drawn up and transmitted to the Government that for the purposes of an epidemic

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a brick structure should be established in a suitable site capable of accommodating forty patients, the woodwork to be kept in godowns in case of necessity. We visited various parts of the Island to get a site; then I left the Board and the next I heard was that the Hygeia had been built instead of that proposal.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Can you suggest any means for improving the Sanitary Board? Would it be an improvement to have a medical man attached in charge of the Sanitary Board?

Mr. CROW.-As chief executive officer?

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-I mean more in the way of a director of the Sanitary Board. I mean a Health Officer of the Colony.

Mr. CROW.-I think it is absolutely necessary there should be a medical officer attached to the Board as Health Officer. His duties should be to the population what the duties of the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon are to the animals that come into the Colony.

Mr. THURBURN.--And he would do a good deal of Mr. MCCALLUM's present duties? I do not mean his duties as Secretary to the Board?

Mr. CROW.-Yes; I think so.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-He would control the Inspectors and give them their instruc- tions?

Mr. CROW.-Yes. Dr. CANTLIE will perhaps remember after the small-pox epide- mic that when the new Health Ordinance was being drafted by Sir Edward O'MALLEY the question arose whether we would require the services of a medical man, and in that draft the Colonial Surgeon was put in and the question never cropped up whether it would work.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Are you of opinion that there should be a medical man, respon- sible for the health of the Colony, attached to the Sanitary Board?

Mr. CROW.-Yes. Of course the Health Officer of the Port works under a different Ordinance.

Mr. THURBURN.-The duties are different and would be kept separate?

Mr. CROW.-Yes.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you

think it is possible to combine the two offices in one officer?

Mr. CROW.-Yes; one man could do both. There are not many steamers arriving in this Harbour; I think the average would be about ten per day. It is a big question however, because the Health Officer of the Port does not touch native craft.

Mr. THURBURN.-He has emigrants?

Mr. CROW. Of course the Health Officer of the Port only devotes part of his time to that duty.

Mr. THURBURN.-But Dr. JORDAN requires the assistance of Dr. BELL. Suppose there was one man, how is he to do the work?

Mr. CROW.---One man could do the work as well as the duties on shore. In normal times there is not much doing. Inspectors used to go round and make inqui- ries when notifications were sent to us, but it is a duty which could only be done competently by a medical man. There the Health Officer would come in.

Mr. THURBURN.-What do you think would be a proper staff for the Sanitary Board?

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Mr. CROW.-I think the posts of Superintendent and Secretary should be disso- ciated completely. I do not see how one Officer can perform the duties in the Office and the outside work as well. I do not think a medical man would care to superintend the Inspectors of Nuisances and matters in connection with scavenging.

Mr. THURBURN.--Do not they do that at home?

Mr. CROW.-The general supervision in towns at home is not done by the medical officer but by a sanitary inspector. A medical officer is responsible for the health of the town. There is a Senior Inspector of Nuisances here who, I think, should be responsible for the duty and he could be responsible direct to the Medical Officer of Health. In my native town in Lincolnshire, there is a Medical Officer of Health, a Sanitary Inspector, and a Foreman, who looks after the practical work and the sca- venging of the town. All applications go to the office and the Sanitary Inspector gives orders to the Foreman. But the whole staff is under the Medical Officer of Health. The Sanitary Inspector is also the rural authority and looks after the particular district of the County; he has a carriage allowance and visits the villages and sees cases of infectious disease and gives instructions for the disposal of these cases.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Has your personal staff in the pharmaceutical department at the Civil Hospital increased lately?

Mr. CROW.--No, about eight or nine years ago there used to be an apothecary in the Lock Hospital, but when the C. D. O. was abolished the two offices were amalga- mated. The Portuguese, DE SOUZA, retired, and a pharmaceutical chemist was obtained from England. He left before the term of his agreement was terminated. That was Mr. WATSON. Then Mr. LUCAS came out, and he left immediately his time was up. Mr. BROWNE is the third man; and when he was engaged it was stipulated that he was to undertake analytical work. That work is increasing. The Sanitary Board gives us a good deal of work now. The chief thing analysed last year was water from the wells closed during the plague epidemic.

Dr. CANTLIE. Have you time to do dispensing too?

Mr. CROW.-I have to superintend both departments. The work of the analytical department has been increased by our having to test petroleum. The whole of the fees for that goes into the Treasury. We get no extra pay. Then there is the criminal work. There was a good deal of it last year. In six weeks we had four cases. I have recommended that the Government Analyst-the senior of the two-should be relieved of the routine work in connection with the pharmacy.

Dr. CANTLIE. Has that recommendation been adopted?

Mr. CROW.-No. I have to work in the dispensary.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Under whose orders are you?

Mr. CROW.-The Medical Officer of the Department.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Whom are you under?

Mr. CROW.-I was told when appointed I was under the orders of the Colonial Surgeon, but as apothecary in the Civil Hospital I am under the Superintendent of the Hospital. I think it a great hardship that I should have to work from nine o'clock to eleven at night in the Hospital when I might be finishing some analytical examination. Many analytical processes cannot be finished in the ordinary day, and I have to work late.

Dr. CANTLIE.-If any person wanted an analysis of water or milk could you do it?

Mr. CROW.-No; it can only be done by application through the Colonial Secre- tary in the usual way.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Can analysis be done at the Dispensaries here?

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Mr. CROW.--I do not think so.

I am not aware that there is an analytical chemist at the Hongkong Dispensary. There used to be one, Mr. Cox, but he is dead. My duties as Government Analyst are supposed to be confined to matters coming within the scope of Government Departments.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Do you know of any means by which that could be corrected- simply by allowing the Analyst private practice?

Mr. CROW.-Under existing arrangements, n10. I think if separated from the Hospital pharmacy there would be opportunities for conducting proper analyses, and the Analyst would have an opportunity of making a living.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Are Mr. BROWNE and your two Chinese assistants sufficient for dispensers ?

Mr. CROW.-Yes. The Chinese can be relied upon. Mr. BROWNE and I go on duty at the Hospital on alternate nights. If the Chinese go on duty at night they want extra recreation next day. They are competent to take our place as dispensers in the event of our being out at the same time.

THE PRESIDENT.--Is there any Ordinance preventing the sale of adulterated food in the Colony?

Mr. CROW.-There is an Ordinance under some of the provisions of which people are not permitted to sell adulterated food; but there is no Food Adulteration Act, proper.

Mr. THURBURN.--I' occasionally see reports of prosecutions for selling diseased meat.

Mr. CROW.-Yes; that comes under Mr. LADDS' department. What I mean is that there is a general section in an Ordinance under which convictions might be obtained for selling adulterated butter or milk, &c. If any man wanted to prosecute he could go to the Magistracy and lodge a charge, and a summons would be served upon the party charged, and then I might be called upon to make analysis of the article under suspicion. If the Government Analyst were allowed to do general work he would be a more valuable man to the Government. If allowed private work his knowledge would expand. The general run of work we have to do is petroleum, water, milk, and poisoning cases.

Dr. CANTLIE.-Would there be much private work?

Mr. CROW. I do not know. People have made application to me and I have had to tell them I could not undertake the work.

THE PRESIDENT.--If allowed to take private practice, would you take a smaller salary?

Mr. CROW.-Yes; but I should not like my pension to be affected. I have served twelve years in Hongkong. But I would be perfectly willing to give up my quarters, if I got free from the Hospital pharmacy. I have three rooms at present but when the new laboratory is fitted up I shall have to give up one room.

Dr. CANTLIE.-You would want an allowance for living outside?

Mr. CROW. If I found that the private practice did not pay.

THE PRESIDENT.--Do you think the pharmacy work is enough for one man?

Mr. CROW.-I do. I think it is absolutely necessary to have European in charge of the Hospital pharmacy. He is assisted by two Chinese.

THE PRESIDENT.—If you were relieved of the pharmacy work and the whole of the duties devolved upon Mr. BROWNE and the two Chinese, how would any of them be replaced in the event of their leaving?

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Mr. CROW.-It would take some time to train others. I have two Chinamen there now, UI KAI is one of them and he does work for the doctors in the Hospital. These two Chinamen are in the Government service working towards a pension.

THE PRESIDENT.And Mr. BROWNE gets a pension in due course ?

Mr. CROW. He is not on the permanent staff. If he remains on after three years he becomes entitled to go on the permanent staff and goes on for a pension. If he leaves in three years he must get a first-class passage home. If the Chinese leave, we would have to get other men. When I came here I had only one man and one Chinese pupil, and one time I ran the place with a coolie.

THE PRESIDENT.-Is the Lock Hospital closed?

Mr. CROW.-No; we have female venereal wards. The patients come there voluntarily.

Dr. PRESTON.There is no Chinese in training now?

Mr. CROW.-No. We would put another man in training in the event of any of the present men leaving.

From the Hospitals?

Dr. PRESTON.--Where would you get him? Mr. CROW.-No. We would require to train one ourselves, beginning at the start and giving him a little Latin, and it would be a long time till he could be trusted. Of course, it would fall hard upon the other two men in the pharmacy. If both Chinamen left the Government would probably consider the advisability of cabling to England for another man. It would be a great pity if the analytical work should be stopped as it has been twice in ten years when we have been left in the lurch for several months.

Meeting held 18th March, 1895.

Present:-Dr. KNOTT, Deputy-Inspector General, R.N.H., Chairman.

Surgeon-Colonel A. F. PRESTON.

Hon. A. McCONACHIE.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Absent.-Dr. JAMES CANTLIE.

Dr. J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent, Government Civil Hospital, called.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think the medical staff of the Civil Hospital sufficient for ordinary requirements?

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes; I think two resident medical officers quite enough, but I think two are required.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think it is enough for times of emergency, as in the last case of last year's plague or in epidemics generally?

Dr. ATKINSON.-It all depends on the size of the epidemic, in a case like last year's of course it is not sufficient. There is only the Medical Superintendent and Assistant Surgeon, and ordinarily I think they are quite sufficient. We arrange our duties according to the work in the Hospital. It is not simply the Hospital; there are the Asylums and infectious wards and the Hygeia, if there are any cases on board there.

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Mr. MCCONACHIE.-For all ordinary proposes you consider the present staff quite sufficient?

Dr. ATKINSON.-Certainly.

THE PRESIDENT.-If another medical officer were appointed on the staff, do you think Dr. MARQUES efficient to take up the duties?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I do not quite understand the question, but if you mean to ask if I consider Dr. MARQUES competent to take up the work I would say I do not from my personal experience of him consider him competent to take up the work.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think the Medical Department would work better if you had a Medical Officer of Health for the Colony?

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes, but I think the work would require to be re-distributed.

Mr. THURBURN.-Do you think it would be a good thing for the Medical Depart- ment of the Colony generally if a new officer were appointed for the Gaol--a competent one; it seems to be generally admitted that Dr. MARQUES is not--and a separate Health Officer for the Port, all under the orders of the Colonial Surgeon, so that in case of leave of absence or sickness of any of the two officers at the Civil Hospital the Depart- ment generally could be re-arranged and managed better?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I certainly think if there is a Colonial Surgeon, a Superintendent of the Civil Hospital and three other medical officers attached to the Medical Depart- ment, all of whom devoted their whole time to their work with no private practice, with the exception I will mention later on, that would be a sufficient staff, under ordinary circumstances, for the medical work of the Colony. This would be exactly as many officers as there are now.

Mr. THURBURN.-At present, you suffer under some inconveniences. Although two medical officers are sufficient, in ordinary circumstances, for the Civil Hospital, in case of leave or sickness it is difficult to arrange matters ?

Dr. ATKINSON.-That is so; but if there were a Medical Officer of Health for the Port and another for the town, I think the duties might be so arranged that the Medical Officer for the Port might also do the work at present done by Dr. MARQUES, in addi- tion to the Port Medical Officer's duties, that is if he gave up his whole time to the Government service, at present he does not. He gives only a few hours a day. I have been thinking the matter over, and I think, under ordinary circumstances, it would be sufficient for the requirements of the Colony to have a Colonial Surgeon, a Superin- tendent of Hospitals, and three other medical officers, all of whom ought to be under the Colonial Surgeon.

Mr. THURBURN.—That is including the new Medical Officer of Health for the town? Dr. ATKINSON.-Yes; I think he ought to be under the Medical Department. I do not think it would be feasible, for reasons I will give later on, to have one Medical Officer under the Sanitary Board and all the others under the Colonial Surgeon.

Mr. THURBURN.—From the evidence given before us, the Medical Officer of the Gaol must be there from 8 or 9 to 11.30; would not that interfere with his duties as Medical Officer for the Port?

Dr. ATKINSON. That would be for the Colonial Surgeon to arrange; it is a depart- mental matter and I think might be arranged.

Mr. THURBURN.-There is the Tung Wah to be added on to the previous duties of this department.

Dr. ATKINSON.-Yes; and I know that is a very serious question. I did not wish to refer to this subject now; but personally, I should very much prefer that the Tung Wah be abolished--and that a Chinese hospital be erected somewhere outside the town,

}

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where it would not be a danger to the community as the Tung Wah is at present, only let it be under European supervision. I would let the Chinese still have their own doctors, but would place it under European supervision, and have it more efficiently supervised than the Tung Wah has been in the past. It would be the same as the large Pauper Hospital at Singapore. They have Malays and Chinese there, but it is under European supervision.

Mr. THURBURN.—When you say a Colonial Surgeon, a Superintendent of the Hospital, and three other medical officers would be sufficient, you are supposing you had no new Tung Wah?

Dr. ATKINSON.-Yes.

Dr. PRESTON.-You think the Tung Wah would be sufficient for one man ?

Dr. ATKINSON.-Yes. It would be a large place if you take into account the Chinese population. If you had a Pauper Hospital you would require 300 to 400 beds. There are a great many people at present who never come under medical care at all ; they come to the Tung Wah only when they are dying. If they knew there was a hospital they could go to free they would go there in greater numbers. I think there would be enough to occupy one man from three to four hours a day, but of course he would be available for other duties under the Colonial Surgeon.

Mr. THURBURN.--Supposing the arrangement was this: you had a Medical Officer for the Port, without private practice, and another Medical Officer in the Gaol and the Tung Wah all under the Colonial Surgeon?

Dr. ATKINSON.-That would necessitate an extra man as Medical Officer of Health for the town. The work would require to be arranged as necessity arises. There might be an epidemic of small-pox or cholera and we could utilise the extra man for the ordinary medical work or when anyone was on leave.

Mr. THURBURN.-If the Tung Wah work is to be carried on to the extent the Government wish it to be done five medical officers would not be enough?

Dr. ATKINSON.-No.

Mr. THURBURN.-Do you

of Health for the town?

think there would be sufficient work for a Medical Officer

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes; I think there would be enough for him if he did his duty, even if he had nothing else to do. Of course, he would be Medical Officer of Health for the whole Colony, not merely for the town. He would have all the out-stations to look after. There might be cases of infectious disease at Stanley, as there have been of late

years.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-How would you reconcile the duties of Medical Officer for the Port with those of Medical Officer for the Gaol seeing that the duties afloat are generally in the morning and that the Medical Officer is required in the Gaol in the morning?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I think the Colonial Surgeon could arrange that. It is really a matter of arrangement with the Superintendent of the Gaol. It is not absolutely necessary that the Medical Officer of the Gaol should be there at 8 a.m. in the morning.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-The Superintendent of the Gaol said it was necessary the Gaol duty should be done in the morning, because arrangements for punishments and diet had to be made?

Dr. ATKINSON.-There is nothing to prevent his being there at 10.30. The Medical Officer for the Port goes afloat at 6.30 or 7, and he could do the greater part of his work before going to the Gaol, and do the rest after.

THE PRESIDENT.-In that case what would be his position in regard to the Sanitary Board?

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Dr. ATKINSON.-He would be under the Colonial Surgeon not the Board. The Colonial Surgeon would be the medical adviser to the Government and would have charge of the Medical Department.

Mr. THURBURN.-If the Government wish this Tung Wah work to be done, it would take up a man?

Dr. ATKINSON.-The new hospital I propose is a matter that could not be done for some time.

Mr. THURBURN.-I do not think we would go the length of recommending that. We must take the Tung Wah as it is, and if the work there is to take two or three hours a day it would be too much for the Health Officer of the port and the Gaol.

Dr. ATKINSON.—It could be arranged by the Colonial Surgeon. He might depute the Assistant Surgeon at the Civil Hospital. The Colonial Surgeon goes there at pre- sent, and it takes him about an hour, so far as I can make out. I do not think there is any reason why the Colonial Surgeon should not be able to arrange that. If the Assist- ant Surgeon at the hospital could not do it, probably the Medical Officer of Health might do it if he was not busy. Although they are all under the Colonial Surgeon and we would call them Medical Officer for the town and so on, it would be simpler to call them medical officers in the Medical Department so that they would be available to be called upon to do any duty belonging to the Department. Their work need not be absolutely confined to what they are chiefly engaged for.

Mr. THURBURN.-In large towns at home the duties of the medical officer are entirely with the sanitary authorities ?

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes; but the sanitary authorities at home are very different from the Sanitary Board in Hongkong.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think the Colonial Surgeon should be called the Medical Officer of Health for the Colony?

Dr. ATKINSON. He is at present. He is really, I take it, the medical adviser of the Government in all matters appertaining to the health of the Colony. He is the superior medical officer of the Colony if you put it that way. Of course, he is an official member of the Sanitary Board appointed by the Government, and it is his duty, as medical adviser of the Government, to report to the Government when he thinks the Sanitary Board or its officers are not doing their duty. He is really the medical officer of health for the Colony. I think the Colonial Surgeon does a great deal of work which should not appertain to his office at all. He should not have to go and see policemen's wives and children. That should be the work of a subordinate officer, and he would have more time to ascertain matters really appertaining to the health of the Colony. He should go and inspect all parts of the Colony, and see that things were done properly and call the attention of the Government to certain localities if their condition appeared to him to be insanitary.

THE PRESIDENT.-He has very little time to do that now, and has no time for the sanitary supervision of the Colony?

Dr. ATKINSON.--That is so.

Mr. THURBURN.-If you got a medical officer of health for the town, that would be his special duty?

Dr. ATKINSON. That would not prevent the Colonial Surgeon from keeping a general supervision over him.

THE PRESIDENT.-If a medical officer of health were appointed for the Colony, could he do the port as well?

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Dr. ATKINSON.—I do not think so. But they might work together. The medical officer of health for the Port has a launch, and there is nothing to prevent the medical officer of health for the Colony going round, for instance, to Stanley in the launch.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-The medical officer of health for the town, I presume, would be supposed to find out at the earliest possible moment any cases of contagious or in- fectious disease that might occur in the Colony?

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Whom would he report to-the Government or the Sanitary Board?

Dr. ATKINSON.--To the Colonial Surgeon.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-And the Colonial Surgeon?

Dr. ATKINSON.-Direct to the Government.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-In that way, there would be no direct communication to the Sanitary Board?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I do not think it would be right to have him appointed under the Sanitary Board. For this reason: it is important to bear in mind that the temporary absence or inability, from climatic or other influences, of any officer to perform the arduous duty of medical officer of health to the city continuously, I am of opinion that such officer should be a member of the Medical Department, so that in the case of temporary indisposition his more important duties might be performed departmentally for such period. If on the other hand it is proposed that the medical officer of health for the town should not be an officer of the Medical Department I foresee considerable if not insurmountable difficulty in the way of providing for the performance of his more important duties even for a very limited period. Supposing he was appointed under the Sanitary Board and that he was taken ill or anything happened to him to prevent him doing his duty, whom are you to fall back upon to do this work?

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-You are aware that the Sanitary Board has all along complained that they had no Medical Officer attached to the Board and that when any report comes in from any of their Inspectors that there is some disease in the Colony there is no one they can, as an authority, order to go down and investigate?

Dr. ATKINSON.-At present, they have their Sanitary Superintendent.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-But he is not a medical man?

Dr. ATKINSON.--No; but he was supposed to have a certain amount of medical knowledge and that was one reason why he was appointed to the office.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-It was hinted that this plague which broke out upon us last year had been in the Colony for a considerable time before it was found out.

Dr. ATKINSON.-I can well understand that was possible.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-And the Sanitary Board naturally say-"How can we find out whether there is plague or any other disease in the Colony if we have no medical man under our authority to investigate?”

Mr. THURBURN.-I think it is intended that the new medical officer of health should do a good deal of the work now done by Mr. MCCALLUM.

Mr. MCCONACHIE-You see the Colony looks to some responsible medical man to find out at the earliest possible moment the outbreak of any epidemic in the Colony.

Dr. ATKINSON.-The Medical Officer would be dependent to a certain extent on the Inspectors under him. He could not possibly be all over the town every day. In a

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town like this, and situated as it is, you can quite understand that people might die of the plague and their bodies be carried away in sampans at night without the cases having been reported to the Registrar General as cases of plague.

Dr. PRESTON.-He would have to keep his eye on the general sanitation of the place?

Dr. ATKINSON.--Yes, to see that the Public Health Ordinances were carried out. If there was a Medical Officer of Health in the Medical Department I do not think there would be any necessity for the Sanitary Board. The work would be done by the Public Works Department in conjunction with the Medical Officer.

Dr. PRESTON.-How much does the Sanitary Board cost?

Dr. ATKINSON.-It is becoming one of the most expensive Departments now.

Mr. THURBURN.-With regard to the Tung Wah, the Government ask to what extent non-Government Hospitals have been visited and inspected in the past, and what improved arrangements, if any, should be made for the frequent and regular inspection of such institutions in the future?

Dr. ATKINSON.-Do you not think that applies to all other Hospitals in the Colony--the Peak, Alice Memorial and Nethersole Hospitals?

Mr. THURBURN.--I think it means only the Tung Wah.

Dr. ATKINSON.--It is under Government supervision. The Colonial Surgeon supervises it. I presume the question means that occasion might arise in which the Colonial Surgeon, as medical adviser to the Government, might wish to have the power he does not at present possess to inspect these other hospitals. It might come to his knowledge that erysipelas or puerperal or typhoid fever were rampant there and he ought to have the power to visit these hospitals and report on their condition to the Government.

Mr. THURBURN.--I want to get your opinion about the Tung Wah, because Dr. AYRES and Dr. Lowson state that if the work there is to be properly done, it will take up two or three hours a day. The question is whether these five officers, as you recom- mend, including the Health Officer, could carry out this business of the Tung Wah doing it thoroughly or whether it ought to be done at all?

Dr. ATKINSON.-There would be about 60 or 70 inmates in the Tung Wah. There are certain radical changes which out to be made there. It is for the Colonial Surgeon to point out these things to the Government. For instance, there is an arrangement of wooden partitions in the wards under which the dirt collects and you cannot possibly clear it out, these should be removed.

Dr. PRESTON.-What work is there in the Tung Wah now?

Dr. ATKINSON.-The Colonial Surgeon has to go there and diagnose the disease of every one brought into the Tung Wah. There would be from eight to ten new cases every day. He has to put down in black and white what every patient is suffering from. It is very difficult to diagnose, for instance, between remittent fever and typhoid, and he would have to keep some cases under observation for several days. But taking the work generally, it need not take him more than an hour a day. It is simply one of the details of the Medical Department which there should be no difficulty in arranging. I think this question, however, refers more to the other hospitals in the Colony," including the Tung Wah, other than the Government Civil Hospital.

There are three others--the Peak, the Alice Memorial and the Nethersole.

With the Tung Wah, there are four. So far as I am aware non-Government Hospitals have not been visited and inspected in the past, but occasion might arise in which, on the grounds of public health, it would be advisable that the Colonial Surgeon should possess the power, under Ordinance, to inspect such institutions, e.g., if it should come to his knowledge

any disease such as erysipelas, typhoid or, say, puerperal fever were present.

that

}

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Mr. THURBURN.-Do not these hospitals report themselves cases of infectious disease?

Dr. ATKINSON.-No; there is no compulsory notification of infectious diseases here as in London. That is an optional Act at home, and it is not enforced in every town in the provinces, and, of course, the diseases to be notified under it vary too.

Mr. THURBURN.--Would it not be better to treat these hospitals in some such way, and make it necessary for them to give their returns?

Dr. ATKINSON.-To pass some Act similar to the Compulsory Notification Diseases Act, yes. I do not think it need be offensive. The Colonial Surgeon might arrange to visit the hospitals and the medical officers in charge would not, I think, object.

Mr. THURBURN.-The medical officers in charge would not object to send in their returns?

Dr. ATKINSON.--I remember that last year the Chelsea Hospital for women (London) was found to be in a most insanitary condition and the result was that a great many women who had been operated on in that hospital died; Dr. PARKES, the Medical Officer of Health for Chelsea, drew up a report and asked for powers to visit the hospital. The medical staff would not allow him to visit, and then he visited as medical officer of health and drew up a report. There was a great scandal, and the staff resigned. Here, the medical officers only visit the Alice Memorial Hospital and Nethersole Hospital at stated periods, and I think it would be better to have them under supervision. I also think it would be very advisable to have compulsory notification here. It is one of those things the Colonial Surgeon might report to the Government. It does not come within my duties to inspect such hospitals; my duties being confined to the Government Civil Hospital, Lunatic Asylums, Infectious Wards and Hygeia, and occasional visits on Government officials at the request of the Colonial Surgeon. I think that those institutions over which the Government have any control should be regularly inspected and supervised, as far as that control extends. The control is only limited at present.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-I should like to ask if, in your opinion, any of the Government Medical Officers should be allowed private practice?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I think the Resident Medical Officers of the Government Civil Hospital, by that I mean the officer doing duty there for the time being, should be allowed to see patients and advise them and receive fees for the same. They could see the patients at the Hospital, and would not have to see them outside. This question was referred to me by the Colonial Office authorities when I was at home.

Of course, there are many points to consider. It has happened over and over again since I have been at the Hospital, and to Dr. Lowson, that private patients from the Hospital when they recover come back and ask us to give them medical advice simply because they were under us in the Hospital and we had taken them through a severe illness; and we have had always to refuse to give them advice. I think in cases like that and in cases sent down to us from the Coast Ports, where we have had hitherto to refer them to other doctors, we should be allowed to see and advise them and receive fees for so doing. It would not be a big matter. It would be of advantage to us in a way, and also, I take it, to the patients.

Mr. THURBURN. --And would not interfere with the general working of your Department?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I do not see it need at all. They would simply wait till we had been round the wards.

Dr. PRESTON.-At home, are Resident Medical Officers allowed to see private patients?

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Dr. ATKINSON. You see at home you have no paying wards such as we have in the Government Civil Hospital. At St. Thomas's, I believe Dr. EDMONDS, the Resident Surgeon, receives fees. At Ceylon it is the case, and I think it is in the Straits, but I ám not quite sure of the latter. I do not mean that we should be allowed to visit patients in the Colony or to have a practice, but only to see those patients who come to the Hospital to consult us. There would never be more than two or three.

Mr. THURBURN.--That would be a different thing from having a private practice?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I do not think it would be advisable to allow private practice. We have had patients from the Coast Ports who, when we have refused to advise them, have come into the Hospital and paid the $4 fee for a first class patient or $2 for a second class patient. If these patients can afford to come down here, it is allowing them to get the medical advice at too low a fee. It takes one some time to gain acquaintance with tropical diseases, and if people choose to come down here to consult us why should not we be allowed to see them? I think there is quite enough work at the Hospital to prevent us from going into the town to practice.

THE PRESIDENT.—If private practice were merely confined to consultation work, it would be enough?

Dr. ATKINSON.—I do not think we could do that. We have the right at present to be called in consultation by another doctor:--the Colonial Surgeon and the Superin- tendent of the Civil Hospital.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Are you of opinion that the Medical Officer of Health for the Port should have private practice?

Dr. ATKINSON.-If you are to have only five medical officers in the Medical Depart- ment, I do not think it would be advisable.

THE PRESIDENT.-It is usual for the Health Officer of a port to have private practice amongst the shipping?

Dr. ATKINSON.-That is a large order here, because there is such a large amount of shipping.

THE PRESIDENT.-We were told by the Health Officer for the Port that it was not so large as it was twenty years ago, because all the large ships have their own officers?

Dr. ATKINSON.It might be considered by the Colonial Surgeon, and if it took up too much time it might be pointed out to the Government. If he had to do his own duties and those of the Gaol he might say that he had no time to do any other duties he might be called upon to perform.

Mr. THURBURN.-I think it would interfere with his general duties if he had a private practice, if he was wanted to do other work, say, to act as Assistant or Super- intendent of the Civil Hospital.

Dr. ATKINSON.----Quite so. He might say he had no time to take up the extra duty. If they found that it took up too much of his time the Government would have to indent for a new Medical Officer for the Department-that would mean having six men instead of five. The scheme I laid down was on the supposition that nearly all the time of the five officers would be devoted to Government work. What I have mentioned as an exception at the Hospital would not take up more than a quarter of an hour or twenty minutes a day. The Medical Officer affected is resident at the Hospital, the patients would go there, and it would not interfere with the discharge of his duties.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-When I spoke of the Medical Officer of the Port, I meant the floating part of his duties; I mean being doctor to the different ships he visits. I did not mean the present Medical Officer of the Port who has a large private practice.

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Dr. ATKINSON.-I did not take it that way. I do not think he should be allowed a large private shipping practice. Not if you are to do the medical work of the Colony with as few medical officers as possible. Of course, the idea of this scheme is that the different medical officers might be detailed to do quite different work.

THE PRESIDENT.—Do you get many Chinese patients in the Civil Hospital who pay no fees?

Dr. ATKINSON.—The Hospital was not intended originally for the Chinese. It was intended for the sailors and officers of merchant ships, Government officials and police cases. To some extent the Chinese have availed themselves of it, but we have had to refuse them treatment and admission during the last few years owing to want of accommodation. Considering the increase in the number of Government servants, of police and of the seamen and officers of merchant vessels visiting this port, due to increased tonnage of shipping in the harbour year by year, the present accommodation does not admit of our receiving into the Hospital any material increase in the number of Chinese patients. You may be interested to here that the number of Chinese admitted into the Hospital annually is about 40 per cent. of the whole admissions. You will see from the annual reports, in 1893 they were 613 out of 1,835. A great many have come to the Hospital voluntarily and we have not been able to admit them. Many of those treated in the Hospital were destitutes. If it is intended that the Government Civil Hospital should provide private accommodation for Chinese, it would seem advisable to erect a hospital for the treatment of Chinese only on European principles, in which case another medical officer would be required. All cases of accident, &c., would still have to be sent to the Government Civil Hospital, as only there would there be an officer continually on duty.

THE PRESIDENT.-You have a good many out-patients already to attend to ?

Dr. ATKINSON.-We have had to limit them; to tell them to go to the Alice Memorial Hospital and the Nethersole Hospital, because we had not time to attend them. Fifty or sixty of them would come up daily.

THE PRESIDENT.-The Government wish the Civil Hospital to be availed of by the Chinese ?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I was not aware of this.

THE PRESIDENT.-Is there any hospital to which destitute Chinese can go for medical advice and attendance?

Dr. ATKINSON. We would never turn any one away who was dangerously ill, whether Chinese or otherwise. It would not be the correct thing medically or on grounds of common humanity. In the Alice and Nethersole Hospitals the in-patients pay for their food.

THE PRESIDENT.-We have to consider the question: "To what extent the Chinese community avail themselves of the benefits of the Civil Hospital, and what steps, if any, can be taken to make that institution more popular with the Chinese ?"

Dr. ATKINSON. The accommodation available is, as it were, limited. Either we must have more for Chinese and less for Europeans, and in that case we would have to refuse Europeans, or we have simply to turn the Chinese away. If the Government wish more attention paid to the Chinese what ought to be done is to erect another institution.

THE PRESIDENT.--I think this refers more to out-patients.

Dr. ATKINSON.-We have no time to attend to them.

THE PRESIDENT.-You could get as many of them as you liked?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I think we could.

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THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think it would be a good thing to get the assistance of Chinese licentiates ?

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes, to act as interpreters, but not to give medical advice. Of course, at present we have always an interpreter when dealing with Chinese.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are out-patients seen every day?

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes, every morning. They have to wait until we have been round the wards.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think if you had a third medical officer at the Hospital it would be one of his duties to see out-patients?

Dr. ATKINSON.-It would be a matter for arrangement. If it is to be carried to any great extent it would necessitate another Government Medical Officer. There is quite sufficient work for two medical officers at the Civil Hospital, at present. If we had another medical officer we would have plenty of out-patients; they used to flock there.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think the present accommodation for cases under observation is sufficient?

Dr. ATKINSON.-No. I think it is one of the most urgent reforms of the Medical Department to have a permanent building for the observation wards. It was set on fire fifteen months ago. It is only a wooden shanty at the best, and every year I have recommended that a substantial building should be put up with accommodation for twelve beds, in order to isolate cases of erysipelas, plague, cholera or small-pox if any cases were to occur. The present matshed has accommodation for four beds only. The wooden building has taken fire on four occasions since I took charge. I think the Hygeia should be retained as at present. I think it has proved its utility. I would keep it where it is now; it saves time.

THE PRESIDENT.-Are you aware that Dr. Lowson has written a letter suggesting a scheme for training nurses?

•

Dr. ATKINSON.-Yes. His idea was that Eurasian girls should be trained at the Hospital. I do not think we could make any reduction in the staff of Sisters. I do not think it would be advisable to put these Eurasian girls on the same footing as the trained European nurses. They are not only trained European nurses but ladies, and these Eurasians would lower the status of the nursing staff. They would require to be simply probationers, under the European trained nurses; I would never appoint them on a level with the European nurses.

Mr. THURBURN. -The idea, I think, was that these Eurasians would assist when the Sisters went on leave. There are nine Sisters, and now that leave begins there will always be two away?

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes; at any rate there will always be one away for six months. I understand that the idea was to get these girls to assist, so that there would be no necessity for getting out two more Sisters.

THE PRESIDENT.-It is proposed to get four Eurasians to see how the scheme would work?

One does not know yet how always be subordinate to the

Dr. ATKINSON.-I think the scheme is feasible. adaptable these girls are for nursing, but they would European Sisters who are all trained nurses and ladies. It is not to be supposed for a moment that the Eurasians would be able to take the place of the Sisters.

Mr. THURBURN.-It would never do to reduce the number of nurses?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I do not think so.

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The present is the lowest number by which

the nursing at the Hospital is efficient. In my opinion the staff of Sisters ought to be maintained at its present number. If a number of the Eurasian girls were trained it would be much easier to arrange for leave to the Sisters. I think the proposal to train these girls is worth a trial. It would necessitate a little extra expense to the Government at first. A building would have to be erected for them or else Miss JOHNSTOne would have to be paid for their board.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--There is just this difficulty, as soon as they are trained they might go away ?

Dr. ATKINSON. That could be obviated by having them under agreement, and, of course, it would be just possible, if it proved successful, that they might be used by the doctors in the Colony to attend private cases at a certain charge to be paid to the Government.

THE PRESIDENT.--Do the nursing Sisters go out for private nursing at present?

Dr. ATKINSON.--No; their work is confined to the Hospital. At present we have one Sister on duty in each of the two flats; under the proposed scheme we would have one Sister and one probationer on duty and the probationer would always be under the observation of a Sister. I think it is a very good idea. I spoke to the Matron about it before I left, only we did not go into the matter fully because we did not know there would be any Eurasians available. It might be arranged if only one Sister went on leave to continue with the present nursing staff, but according to their agreement five might resign next month on six months' notice, but they are reasonable and would not do anything to hamper the work of the Hospital. If this scheme of training Eurasians is adopted it would be of great assistance to us.

Mr. THURBURN.--It would not cost much at any rate?

·Dr. ATKINSON.- No; I do not think so.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--How many Eurasians do you propose to take on at first?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I think there are only two available.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.--But it might not be necessary to confine it to Miss JOHNSTONE'S

place. How many would you recommend if they are available?

Dr. ATKINSON.---I do not think we could manage with more than four.

THE PRESIDENT.-You have heard it mentioned that dispensaries might be of use in different parts of the Colony?

Dr. ATKINSON.-As regards the dispensaries, at present I do not know of China- men with sufficient qualifications to take charge of such dispensaries under the general but limited supervision that the Colonial Surgeon, with his present staff, is able to exer- cise. If the staff is increased by the appointment of an officer acting as medical officer of health and duly qualified dispensers are forthcoming, I think something in this direction might be attempted. You might have a few in the city, and put them under the medical officer of health for the town. He might manage to supervise four or five of them. In order to find out if they are duly qualified, the dispensers would have to pass an examination, because we do not know the standard of examination at the Alice Memorial Hospital. You know pretty well what the proclivities are of the Chinese in the way of squeezing, and if not properly supervised the men in charge of these dispen- saries might indulge in some pranks of that sort. The medical officer of health might

casily find time to supervise them if there was no epidemic.

Mr. THURBURN.—My impression was that with so little supervision, and from what I know of the Chinese character, these young men would not be trustworthy.

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Dr. ATKINSON.-We have one Chinaman at the hospital, U I KAI, I think he is competent to undertake one of these dispensaries. We have had him in training for six years. I think he would be willing to take $60 a month. He does not get that from

Us.

THE PRESIDENT.-We thought they would be useful for giving notices of deaths and diseases in their districts.

Dr. ATKINSON.—They would be very useful to visit the Chinese in their districts and report on every death that occurred and to call the attention of the medical officer to it if there were any suspicious circumstances, but they would require to be under strict rules. They must not have too much power, because they are not to be trusted. At least, that is the opinion I have formed from the stamp of men they have had at the Alice Memorial Hospital. I do not think they can be trusted in an independent position of this sort; they must be strictly supervised.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-Do not you think it would be the better plan to try one of these dispensaries at Kowloon? It might be situated near the Police Station, where it could be looked after by the Inspector.

Dr. ATKINSON. I do not think the Inspector would be of any use in the supervi- sion of a dispensary. Drugs would probably be disappearing in small quantities and the dispensers would be charging the Chinese who came for medicines. You would have to make a strict rule that, say, ten cents was the maximum charge, and that the dispensers were not to have an unlimited supply of drugs, but only stated quantities from the Civil Hospital. I think it would be better to try one in the town.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think they should pay for these medicines?

Dr. ATKINSON.-I think they would appreciate it more if a few cents were charged. That is the experience of Dr. WENYON at Fatshan; he gets a little for the medicine and and his hospital is self-supporting.

Mr. THURBURN. He makes them pay something for admission, too?

Dr. ATKINSON.-Yes; he said it was absurd to make everything of that sort free, and he says they appreciate it more.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-There is no place over at Kowloon where the natives could get European medicines?

Mr. THURBURN.-I think that is one of the things the Secretary of State spoke about; he was very much struck by the fact that there was no medical man over at Kowloon at all.

Dr. ATKINSON. One of the medical officers of the Department might live at Kowloon. There is nothing to prevent that. The Medical Officer of Health might be told that he was to live over there and he might come over early enough for his duties on this side. I can see it is an important point, now that it has been raised.

Mr. THÜRBURN.-You have read of the arrangements Dr. Lowson made at the end of the plague epidemic for the removal of people who are attacked by plague and wish to leave the Colony?

Dr. ATKINSON.-Yes; so far as I am acquainted with the disease known as bubonic plague, to which I presume this question refers, it seems to me the condition of patients suffering from this disease practically prohibits, from a medical point of view, such removal. I should not like to take the responsibility, with a man who was suffering from an acute disease like the plague, of saying he is fit to make the journey from Hongkong to Canton.

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Mr. THURBURN. -One of the things the Chinese complained about was that they were not allowed to leave the Colony. These arrangements were made later on. For instance, a wealthy Chinaman wants to be buried with his own people, and if he gets the plague he wants to get away. He does not care whether he dies or not but he wants to be buried with his own people.

Dr. ATKINSON.-That is a matter that concerns the Chinese themselves. I do not think the Government should call upon its medical men to give a certificate that people suffering from plague can be removed. All these patients, I understand, were in the Kennedytown Hospital or in the Glassworks Hospital and they would have to be removed from the Hospitals to a junk or ship. The Government, I understand, said that, before they would agree to the removal from the Government Hospitals, the patients would have to be medically examined, and they were not to be removed unless the medical officer thought they were fit to undertake the journey; and what I say is that suffering from a disease like the plague practically precludes removal from a medical point of view.

Mr. THURBURN.--If a man takes ill in his own house why should he not leave at once ?

Dr. ATKINSON.-Because it is the law that he must be isolated.

Mr. THURBURN.-He can be isolated.

upon any

Government

Dr. ATKINSON.-Let him be taken away then, but do not call officer to give a medical certificate that the patient is fit to be taken away. I think you will agree with me that it would be almost impossible for a medical man to say that a plague patient was medically fit to undertake a journey, say, to Canton. The medical man might examine the junk and see that everything on board was proper for the transfer of cases of this sort.

Mr. THURBURN.—The junk is supposed to leave every day. It is established as a regular system to allow Chinese who have got the plague to go away from the Colony if they wish to. At first during the plague epidemic they were not allowed to go away, and after much pressure was brought to bear upon the Government they were allowed

to go.

Dr. ATKINSON.-By all means let them go to their own homes, but do not place the onus of certifying that they are fit to undertake a journey upon the medical officer. Lai-chi-kok could not be their home, however. They simply went over there to escape being under medical supervision in Hongkong. They went over there because they believed their eyes would be gouged out in the Hongkong hospitals. If removed at all it should only be on the understanding that they are taken at least twenty miles from the Colony.

Mr. THURBURN.-One reason why they went over to Lai-chi-kok was that if they died they would not be buried so deeply.

Mr. MCCONACHIE.-They objected to being buried with quicklime; but you are of opinion that you would permit plague patients to leave as freely as they liked without

medical examination whatever.

Dr. ATKINSON.-Certainly; because it is simply removing a danger from the Colony, and the patients do so fully understanding the step they are taking. Of course, the patient does not understand, but his friends do.

THE PRESIDENT.-Do you think the removal should be under Government super- vision?

Dr. ATKINSON.-The Government ought to know how many cases are being removed, for the sake of statistics for one thing.

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THE PRESIDENT. And for the sake of knowing what places require disinfection ?

Dr. ATKINSON.—Yes.

Mr. THURBURN.-The Chinese were quite satisfied with the arrangements that were made latterly.

Dr. ATKINSON.-A great many came back from Canton, so I heard; they were not so keen to be removed from the Hongkong Hospitals towards the end of the epidemic. They preferred to stay here, after they learned how the patients were treated in Canton.

THE PRESIDENT.-Is there any other evidence you would like to give, voluntarily ?

Dr. ATKINSON.—No; with the exception of calling your attention again to what I have said about the Medical Officer of Health. You have my reasons for stating why I think he should be under the Government and not under the Sanitary Board.

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Appendix B.

Duties of Medical Officer of Health.

(1) He shall inform himself, as far as practicable, respecting all influences affecting or

threatening to affect injuriously the public health within the District.

(2) He shall enquire into and ascertain, by such means as are at his disposal, the causes, origin, and distribution of diseases within the District, and ascertain to what extent the same have depended on conditions capable of removal or mitigation.

(3) He shall, by inspection of the District, both systematically at certain periods, and at intervals as occasion may require, keep himself informed of the conditions in- jurious to health existing therein.

(4) He shall be prepared to advise the Sanitary Authority on all matters affecting the health of the District, and on all sanitary points involved in the action of the Sanitary Authority, and in cases requiring it, he shall certify, for the guidance of the Sanitary Authority or of the Justices, as to any matter in respect of which the Certificate of a Medical Officer of Health or a Medical Practitioner is required, as the basis or in aid of sanitary action.

(5) He shall advise the Sanitary Authority on any question relating to health involved in the framing and subsequent working of such bye-laws and regulations as they may have power to make.

(6) On receiving information of the outbreak of any contagious, infectious, or epidemic disease of a dangerous character within the District, he shall visit the spot without delay and enquire into the causes and circumstances of such outbreak, and advise the persons competent to act, as to the measures which may appear to him to be required to prevent the extension of the disease, and, so far as he

may

be lawfully authorised, assist in the execution of the same.

(7) On receiving information from the Inspector of Nuisances that his intervention is required in consequence of the existence of any nuisance injurious to health, or of any overcrowding in a house, he shall, as early as practicable, take such steps authorised by the statutes in that behalf as the circumstances of the case may justify and require.

(8) In

any case in which it may appear to him to be necessary or advisable, or in which he shall be so directed by the Sanitary Authority, he shall himself in- spect and examine any animal, carcase, meat, poultry, game, flesh, fish, fruit, vegetables, corn, bread, or flour, exposed for sale, or deposited for the purpose of sale or of preparation for sale, and intended for the food of man, which is deemed to be diseased, or unsound, or unwholesome, or unfit, for the food of man; and if he find that such animal or article is diseased, or unsound, or un- wholesome, or unfit for the food of man, he shall give such directions as may be necessary for causing the same to be seized, taken, and carried away, in order to be dealt with by a Justice according to the provisions of the statutes applicable to the case.

(9) He shall perform all the duties imposed upon him by any bye-laws and regula- tions of the Sanitary Authority, duly confirmed, in respect of any matter affecting the public health, and touching which they are authorised to frame bye-laws and regulations.

(76)

(10) He shall enquire into any offensive process of trade carried on within the District, and report on the appropriate means for the prevention of any nuisances or injury to health therefrom.

(11) He shall attend at the office of the Sanitary Authority, or at some other appointed

place, at such stated time as they may direct.

(12) He shall, from time to time, report in writing, to the Sanitary Authority, his proceedings, and the measures which may be required to be adopted for the improvement or protection of the public health in the District. He shall in like manner report with respect to the sickness and mortality within the District, so far as he has been enabled to ascertain the same.

(13) He shall keep a book or books, to be provided by the Sanitary Authority, in which he shall make an entry of his visits, and notes of his observations and instructions thereon, and also the date and nature of applications made to him, the date and result of the action taken thereon, and of any action taken on previous reports, and shall produce such book or books, whenever required, to the Sanitary Authority.

(14) He shall also prepare an annual report, to be made at the end of December in each year, comprising tabulated statements of the sickness and mortality within the District, classified according to diseases, ages, and localities, and a summary of the action taken during the year for preventing the spread of disease. The report shall also contain an account of the proceedings in which he has taken part or advised under the Public Health Act, 1875, so far as such proceedings relate to conditions dangerous or injurious to health, and also on account of the supervision exercised by him, or on his advice, for sanitary purposes over places and houses that the Sanitary Authority has power to regulate, with the nature and results of any proceedings which may have been so required and taken in respect of the same during the year. It shall also record the action taken by him, or on his advice during the year, in regard to offensive trades, bakehouses, and workshops.

(15) He shall give immediate information to the Local Government Board of any outbreak of dangerous epidemic disease within the District, and shall transmit to the Board on forms to be provided by them, a Quarterly Return of the sick- ness and deaths within the District, and also a copy of each annual and of any special report.

(16) In matters not specifically provided for in the foregoing duties, he shall observe

and execute the instructions of the Local Government Board on the duties of Medical Officers of Health and all the lawful orders and directions of the Sanitary Authority applicable to his office.

True Copy

HUGH MCCALLUM.

4. 3. 95.

( 77 )

Appendix C.

Article 18. Duties of Medical Officer of Health.

(1) To inform himself of all influences affecting or threatening to affect injuriously the

public health in his District.

(2) To enquire into the causes, origin, and distribution of diseases therein, and how

far dependent on preventible causes.

(3) By systematic and special inspections to keep himself informed of all conditions

injurious or dangerous to health.

(4) To advise the Sanitary Authority on all matters affecting the health of their Dis- trict, and sanitary points involved in their action. Also to certify to the Sanitary Authority or Justices of the l'eace whenever the certificate of a Medical Officer of Health or medical practitioner is required.

(5) To advise the Sanitary Authority on all sanitary questions involved in the making

or working of bye-laws, &c.

(6) On receiving information of the outbreak of any dangerous or infectious disease, to visit the place without delay, inquire into the causes and circumstances, advise as to preventive measures, and take any such authorized by statute or local regulation.

(7) Subject to the instructions of the Sanitary Authority, and in such manner as they may approve, to direct and superintend the work of the Sanitary Inspectors and when appealed to by the Sanitary Inspector as to any nuisances, to take as early as practicable any steps that he legally may, and which appear to him necessary or justified under the circumstances.

(8) Whenever it appears to him necessary or advisable, or he be instructed by the Sanitary Authority to do so, to inspect and examine any animal or articles of food exposed or intended for sale, or for preparation for sale as food for man. If such animal, or article of food appear to him diseased, unwholesome, or in any way unfit for food of man he shall himself, or by an assistant, seize it and carry it away, to be dealt with by a Justice of the Peace under Public Health (London) Act, paragraph 47, Public Health Act paragraph 117.

(9) To perform all duties legally imposed on him by any bye-law of the Sanitary

Authority.

(10) To inquire into any offensive trades, and report as to any practicable preventive

measures.

(11) To inspect from time to time all bakehouses and workshops, and report thereon to Sanitary Authority in respect to the provisions of the Factory and Work- shops Act 1878, paragraphs 34, 35, and 81, and of Factory Workshops Act 1883, paragraphs 15 and 16.

(12) To attend the office of the Sanitary Authority as required.

(13) To report from time to time in writing to the Sanitary Authority his proceedings, and any measures he may deem advisable in the interests of the public health; as well as on the occurrence of sickness, and the mortality therefrom.

(14) To keep a book or books provided by the Sanitary Authority and enter therein his visits, observations, and instructions; all applications made to him and his action thereon, &c., and to produce the same to the Sanitary Authority whenever required.

.........

( 78 )

(15) To make an annual report to the Sanitary Authority up to December 31 of each year, giving (i) a summary of the action taken, or which he has advised the Sanitary Authority to take for preventing the spread of disease; (ii) an account of the sanitary state of the district; (iii) all inspections and inquiries he has made; (iv) proceedings which he has taken or advised in connection therewith under any statute; (v) all sanitary supervision exercised or advised by him over houses and places, with the nature and results of any proceedings connected therewith; (vi) action taken by him or on his advice in regard to offensive trades, factories, workshops, &c. and dairies; and (vii) tables (on forms supplied by Local Government Board, or to like effect) of sickness and mortality classified according to diseases, ages, and localities, during the year.

(16) To give immediate information to the Local Government Board of any outbreak of dangerous epidemic disease, to transmit to Local Government Board copies of all annual and special reports, and forthwith to inform Local Government Board of his having advised the Sanitary Authority to close any school, and the grounds of his advice.

(17) To forward to the County Council at the same time duplicates of all reports, &c.

under (16).

(18) In all other matters to observe and execute all instructions issued by Local

Government Board and lawful orders, &c. of Sanitary Authority.

(19) To observe and execute all regulations declared by Local Government Board to be in force in his District under paragraph 134 Public Health Act and paragraph 113 Public Health (London) Act, so far as they relate to his office.

True Copy

HUGH MCCALLUM.

4. 3. 95.

HONGKONG.

THE COLONIAL SURGEON'S REPORT FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor,

473

No. 34

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, April 29th, 1895.

SIR, I have the honour to forward my Annual Report for the year 1894, together with the reports of the Acting Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, the Medical Officer in charge of the Gaol, the Superintendent of the Vaccine Institute, and the Government Analyst.

POLICE.

The total number of admissions was 18 less than in 1893. The total number of deaths was 15

as compared with six in 1893. The number of European Police admitted to Hospital was 127 as compared with 134 in 1893; the number of Indian Police 244 as compared with 255 in 1893; the number of Chinese Police 134 as compared with 133 in 1893. A decrease in the admission of Europeans of 7, a decrease in the admission of Indians of 11, and an increase in the admission of Chinese of 1 as compared with 1893.

Of the 15 deaths there were none among the European Police, 4 among the Indien Police, two of whom died in Hospital, one from natural causes, the other from shot wounds received from Chinese burglars. The two others committed suicide by shooting themselves, one while he was on duty, the other in the Central Police Station compound after he had shot and killed a Chinese Constable. Of the 11 Chinese one Sergeant Interpreter, one Sergeant and 5 Constables died of the plague; seven in all. Two died while away on leave, the cause of death in one case being Beri-beri, the other not known, probably another case of plague. One died of disease in the Government Civil Hospital and one was shot as mentioned above. None of the European or Indian Police suffered from plague although many of them were working hard in the plague-stricken districts of the town and outlying villages.

The admissions to Hospital from the various sections of the Police Force for the past ten years are given in the following table and compares, notwithstanding the terrible epidemic we have passed through, very favourably with former years in all portions of the Force:

Europeans.

Indians.

Chinese.

Admissions to Hospital, 1885,

.124

208

163

Do.,

1886,

...138

243

221

Do.,

1887,

..139

293

187

Do.,

1888,

..147

279

231

Do.,

1889,

..166

230

194

Do.,

1890,

.149

25-4

179

Do.,

1891,

..169

285

118

Do.,

1892,

.....152

224

120

Do.,

1893,

....134

255

133

Do.,

1894,.

..127

244

134

The following table gives the total admissions to Hospital, and deaths in the Force for the last

ten years:----

1885,

1886,

1887.

1888.

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892.

1893, 1894.

Admissions. ..495

Deaths.

.602

........619

...657

..590

.582

...570

496

.522

505

No European died, only one Indian from disease and only two Chinese from ordinary disease, so that the deaths from ordinary causes have been considerably less than in any of the previous nine

years.

The out-stations on the whole have improved this year, but in Aberdeen. though the figures remain the same as regards all sections of the Force, it was the Europeans and Chinese that suffered most, and sickness among the Indian Police was reduced from 30 to 19 as compared with 1893. A: the hill stations--the Gap and Mountain Lodge-the sickness has very much increased in all sections

474

of the Force, the number of admissions increased from 12 in 1893 to 20 in 1894. The returns of admissions to Hospital from the various sections of the Force in the different districts are given in Table No. III.

TROOPS.

The average strength has been increased by 37. The total amount of sickness decreased by 22 admissions to Hospital when compared with 1893. The deaths, however, have increased from 28 to 39 compared with 1893. There has therefore, notwithstanding the plague, been an improvement in the general health of the Troops. The increase in the number of deaths cannot be attributed to the plague epidemic, as only one death occurred amongst those who were attacked by the disease who were in all 8 in number. During the three months from the middle of May to the middle of August that the Troops were engaged in assisting at the cleaning up, white-washing and disinfecting houses infected with the disease and many others that were, though not infected, in a most filthy condition, it was noticeable from the weekly returns of sickness amongst the Troops that there was a great improvement in their general health and a freedom from climatic disease during the hottest months in which they usually suffered most, but as soon as the work was finished and their assistance no longer needed they began again to suffer severely. Out of nearly 500 Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and men who were daily employed on the work of cleaning up the houses only 8 were infected with the plague-one Officer and seven men. Of these one Officer and 6 men belonged to the Shropshire Regiment and one man to the Army Medical Staff Corps. The Officer, Captain VESEY, was one of the first attacked at a time when the type of disease was most irulent. A full account of his case is given by Dr. Lowson in his Plague Report; notwithstanding every assistance that could be rendered him by the Medical Officer, both of the Army and Civil Medical Department and the nursing sisters of our staff, to the great regret of all he succumbed to the disease. The health of the Troops employed was a great source of auxiety to the Permanent Committee of the Sanitary Board who were in daily communication with their Officers as to their requirements as regards relief, refreshments, disinfectants, and medicines supplied to them, all of which was freely supplied by Government on their representation. Those that were attacked were taken on board the Hygeia, hospital hulk, which was after the first few days of the outbreak exclusively used for Europeans and had a Medical Officer continually in attendance. That so few were attacked was a great subject of congratulation, and too much cannot be said for the great assistance rendered by the Troops; their orderly conduct and good behaviour during the trying time, and the arduous and revolting work on which they were employed.

The following table gives the sickness and mortality among the Troops for the past ten years :-

1885, 1886,

1887

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

1893, 1894,

Admissions.

Deaths.

1,190

1,607

1,749

1,485

1,732

1,915

1,851

2,844

2,927

2,905

I regret that in the above table in my report of last year a great mistake in the figures occurred and the total strength of the Troops was given instead of the total admissions to Hospital. Therefore the deductions made in the report were all wrong. My only excuse is that the report had to be written during the excitement and overwork caused by the outbreak of the plague.

Table IV. shows that the admissions to Hospital in 1894, among the white portion of the Troops, was 2,035; in 1893 it was 2,015, the increase of sickness amongst them was only 20, and this average strength had been increased from 1,414 to 1,446. Only white Troops were employed in rendering assistance during the plague, so that it cannot be said that the epidemic caused an increase of sickness amongst them to any extent at all.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL.

During the summer of this year the whole staff of this Hospital was doing double duty when the plague epidemic broke out. Dr. J. A. Lowson, Superintendent of the Hygeia epidemic hulk, was Acting Superintendent and also doing the duty of Assistant Superintendent on the 11th of May. On the 13th of May Surgeon PENNY, R.N., and Surgeon-Major JAMES of the Army Medical Staff came to our assistance. The former assisted on the Hygeia and the latter was detailed to the examination of sick found in the City, corpses brought to the Tung Wa Hospital, the inspection of houses and the sanitary portion of the work requiring to be done by a Medical Officer. On the 14th of May the Police Station at Kennedytown was handed over to the Medical Department to relieve the congestion of patients crowding into the Hygeia. On the 19th of May, Dr. W. F. Lowson arrived very opportunely and was appointed Acting Assistant Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital and assisting his brother with Surgeon PENNY at the Plague Hulk and Hospital. On June the 18th Dr. MOLYNEUX from Ningpo arrived to our assistance and was attached to the Plague

475

Hospitals. Too much praise cannot be given to these gentlemen who came to our assistance when we were reduced to extremities, and whose work during the time they were engaged was hard and heavy. Every member of the Hospital staff went heartily into the work required. Our staff of Nurs- ing Sisters headed by the Matron, Miss EASTMOND, insisted on joining in the plague work although I felt compelled to assure them they, by the terms of their agreement, could not be compelled to assist. They would not be denied. One of them had learnt to speak Chinese, another spoke Japanese and others German and French, and so they were enabled to communicate freely with our foreign patients, and it was pleasing to see how much their presence in the Plague Hospital wards was appreciated by all the patients and the invaluable assistance they were able to render. The Steward, Mr. CHAP- MAN, was invaluable in the assistance he rendered in distributing the stores, assisted by the two Chinese Clerks. Mr. CROW, the Apothecary, just convalescent from a long attack of typhoid fever, and Mr. BROWNE, Assistant Apothecary, had hard work distributing medicines and medical comforts to the Hospitals and in assisting in the disinfection of the contaminated houses in the City. Chinese Apothecaries, Mr. U I KAI and Mr. CHAN KAM-TSUN, were detailed to the Kennedy Station Plague Hospital and Hygeia to superintend the dispensing and administration of the medicines to the plague patients, and all went heartily into the work. Wardmaster CUMMINGS, of the Lunatic Asylum, was detailed Wardmaster to Kennedy Station Hospital, and Police Constables J. MCKILLOP and T. T. GIDLEY as Wardmasters to the Ilygeia, and well and heartily all of them worked. Men also from the Army Medical Staff Corps and Sick-Bay attendants from the Navy gave us great assistance. Six petty Officers from the Navy were detailed to assist in the revolting work of the removal of the dead from the Hospitals and though they had much temptation within their reach, were always alert and helpful and exceedingly orderly and well behaved. On June the 24th Surgeons MEADON and BEARBLOCK, R.N., arrived from the North to our assistance and were detailed to the examination of all junks entering the harbour to detect any plague patients among their passengers and crews, a disagreeable duty especially in the stormy season with heavy rain. Notwithstanding the enormous amount of extra work entailed upon the staff the work of this Hospital went on without a hitch, and very fortunately none of the staff fell ill though after the excitement was over many felt the after- effects. Dr. Lowson and Mr. CROW then went away on a month's leave. Some of the Sisters also had to take a month's leave as they could be spared, and one has been since invalided home.

The Hospital fees have since my remarks in last year's Annual Report been raised for private patients, and no decrease in the demand for accommodation has taken place.

The Superintendent's report shows the great increase in the number of cases to be attributed to alcoholic excess, and also the increase in venereal disease; both of which are generally noticeable in any place suffering from an epidemic scare.

The following table shows the number and classification of those brought to Hospital for the past 10 years:—

1885.

1886.

1887.

1888. 1889.

1890.

1891. 1892. 1893. 1894.

Police, .....

495

602

619

657

590

582

570

496

522

505

Board of Trade,.

100

132

103

153

135

110

135

157

132

100

Private paying Patients,.........................

283

381

324

313

402

527

464

378

467

491

Government Servants,

124

144

147

159

135

191

179

169

205

168

Police Cases,

238

142

208

242

252

264

240

232

247

272

Destitues,....

270

222

255

248

279

283

279

284

262

427

1,510

1,623 1,656 1,772 1,793 1,957 1,867 1,715 1,835

1,963

There is a slight decrease in the numbers admitted from the Police Force; a fair decrease from the Board of Trade; an increase in the admission of private paying patients, the largest number in the year with the exception of 1890; a considerable decrease in the admissions of Government servants; an increase in the number of Police cases brought in; and a very large increase in the number of destitutes; this being the largest number in the ten years. The total number of admissions exceeds that of any of the nine previous years. The increase in the number of destitutes may be attributed to the stagnation of work all over the Colony in consequence of the epidemic.

The following table gives the admissions and deaths in this Hospital for the past ten years :—

1885,

1886,

1887,

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

1893, 1894,

Admissions. 1,510

Deaths.

1,623

1,656

1,772

1,793

1,957

1,867

1,715

1,835

1,963

101

As this year has been the largest in the number of admissions so also is it the largest in the number of deaths, a number of which are due to plague patients received into the Observation Wards during the night.

476

LUNATIC ASYLUMS.

PUBLIC MORTUARY.

These are reported on by Dr. Lowson.

Table VIII gives the returns of dead bodies sent to the Public Mortuary for examination. The total number received was 151. Of these 5 were European adults, 106 Chinese male adults, 14 female adults, 10 male children, and 11 female children; other nationalities none. Of these 45 were found to have died from disease, 88 accidental, 17 suicidal, 6 homicidal and one death the cause of which was not ascertained on account of the advanced decomposition of the body.

VICTORIA GAOL.

The following table gives the number of admissions to the Gaol and the daily average number of prisoners for the past ten years :—

Total No. admitted

to Gaol.

Daily average No.

1885,

1886,

1887,

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

....

1893,

1894,

of Prisoners.

.3,610

530.00

.4,600

674.00

.4,302

584.00

.3,627

531.00

3,705

581.00

.3,444

566.00

5,231

507.00

5,046

515.00

.4,010

458.00

.3,913

455.00

There is a decrease in the admissions to Gaol of 97 as compared with 1893, with a decrease in the daily average number under detention of 3 only. It is the smallest daily average in the last 10 years, and for many years before, though the number of admissions is considerably less in four previous years out of the ten given in the above table.

The number of prisoners admitted to hospital 271, as compared with 272 in 1893. The number of prisoners treated in their cells was 614 as compared with 523 in 1893. Of those treated in their cells 178 suffered from contusions, the result of floggings, as compared with 119 in 1893, an increase of 59. Of those treated in hospital 30 were admitted suffering from contusions, the result of floggings, as compared with 40 in 1893, à decrease of 10. The total number of floggings was 208 as compared with 159 in 1893, an increase of 49.

Of the admissions to hospital, the chief causes were fever, anæmia, and contused wounds, the result of floggings. Of those treated in their cells the chief causes were scabies, venereal disease, and contusions, the result of floggings administered.

There were 12 opium-smokers admitted to hospital, of whom one died of phthisis and dysen- tery combined in the second week of his detention. He was admitted to hospital at the same time he was admitted to Gaol; had been an opium-smoker for 15 years; his consumption of the drug 2 mace per diem; and his age 55; his weight 90 lbs. on admission, decreased to 88 lbs. before his death. Of the 82 opium-smokers admitted to Gaol in 1894, there were seven of lighter weight than he was when he died. I do not think his death can be attributed to the opium habit. This is only the third death that has occurred in the Gaol in 21 years among those addicted to smoking opium, and he was only an average smoker.

The greatest consumer was one who smoked 4 mace per diem. Of the 82, 12 consumed 3 mace over, 5 were over 60 years of age, the three youngest were 22 years old. 40 years was the longest time any one admitted had been an opium-smoker; this man was 64 years of age, his consumption of the drug 3 mace daily and his weight 85 lbs. He lost 1 lb. in weight during 3 weeks' detention. Of the 82, 6 were over 60 years of age, 19 were over 50 years, 14 over 40, 26 over 30, the rest between 30 and 22 years old. In most cases their only offence was having opium in their possession without a permit. If all men were so severely handled for infringing Custom House laws in European countries there would be a formidable increase in the number of prisoners.

TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

The number of patients treated in this hospital during the year was 2,354 compared with 2,255 in 1893; of these cases 1,092 died and 1,259 discharged. Of those who died 466 were received in a moribund condition and died within 24 hours. There remained in the hospital 108.

There were 39 patients admited to the small-pox wards; of these 23 were discharged and 16 died, none remained in the hospital at the end of the year.

There were 1,971 people vaccinated at the hospital by the native doctors and 133 in the out- districts, a total of 2,104 vaccinations.

Since May this year all the patients admitted and dead bodies received were inspected by European Surgeons, that is, ever since the plague began. I have performed this duty from the 1st of December to the present time. A very large proportion of the patients received are hopeless cases besides those actually moribund at the time of their reception. Numbers of cases of phthisis, heart disease, Bright's disease, progressive anæmia, septicemia from neglected wounds' and abscesses in both

}

477

joints, various forms of paralysis and many cases of beri-beri chiefly among emigrant coolies brought in off ships arriving from Singapore in the last stage of the disease, literarily a very large proportion come in to die, many are of advanced age (from 60 to 80) and most in a very emaciated condition. Many incurables are sent to their own homes on the mainland. From my experience I am of opinion that the majority received into this hospital would be put down as hopeless cases even under the best treatment obtainable in a European hospital, they might live a little longer, but are incurable.

I think a great improvement could be made in this hospital by abolishing the three-sided cubicles especially in the lower wards and in cleanliness by the removal of the platforms on which they stand as the floors of the lower wards are of stone; moveable boards might be placed at the bedside-these could easily be moved to clean the floors and easily cleaned themselves, whereas with the existing platforms neither one nor the other can be properly done.

Very much has been done to improve the cleanliness; ventilation, and order in this building since European supervision daily has been made the rule.

In my visits to the hospital I have been greatly assisted by Mr. U IKAI, who has been for many years the senior native apothecary at the Government Civil Hospital, and while doing his work there has attended lectures at the Medical College, and was passed in 1893 as a native doctor. He has assisted me in my rounds as interpreter and in taking the temperatures of fever cases morning and evening for the purpose of diagnosis, also in persuading some of the patients, principally surgical cases, to permit their removal to the Government Civil Hospital for treatment and has so ingratiated himself with the attendants of this hospital that they are desirous of retaining his assistance as a permanency. We may, therefore, hope by degrees to introduce improved methods of treatment as well as having the hospital under complete supervision.

WOMEN'S HOSPITAL.

This hospital has, since the 1st June last, become the Female Venereal Wards of the Government Civil Hospital,

From that date the voluntary attendance of the women which had been going on for nearly 5 years for the purpose of examination was abolished by a permonitory order from the Secretary of State as I stated in my report for 1893.

VACCINE INSTITUTE.

As will be seen in the report of Mr. LADDS, the Superintendent, this institution has been a great success. It has not only paid its expenses, but has made over $600 profit, and we have had calf lymph in abundance for use and distribution free of cost to the Government.

SANITATION.

The following two tables show the number of deaths among the European and Chinese_commun- ities from diseases that may be attributed to filth, with the exception of those that died of plague.

DEATHS AMONG EUROPEANS (BRITISH AND FOREIGN).

FEVERS.

VOMITING

YEARS.

DIARRHEA. CHOLERA.

AND

TOTAL.

Enteric.

Simple Continued.

PURGING.

Typhus.

1873, 1874,

***

225

1875,

1876,

1877,

187,

...

1879,

.....

1880,

1881,

.29

1882,

1883,

1884,

1885,

1886,

1887,

1888,

929566

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

1893,

1894,

Choleraic Diarrhoea 1.

478

YEARS.

DEATHS AMONG CHINESE.

FEVERS.

VOMITING

Enteric.

Simple Continued. Typhus.

DIARRHEA. CHOLERA. AND

PURGING.

TOTAL.

1873,

1874,

125

1875,

223

195

319

231

402

291

288

612

1876,

343

259.

696

1877,

145

370

311

834

1878,

481

701

1,304

1879,

116

733

608

1,478

1880,

309

373

348

1,030

1881,

438

168

435

1,079

1882,

679

465

1,215

1883,

262

571

660

1,496

1884,

132

600

301

1,035

1885,

105

755

561

176

1,604

1886,

772

326

1,136

1887,

441

276

764

1888,

299

361

236

917

1889,

363

180

551

1890,

342

216

562

1891,

427

329

771

1892,

446

231

677

1893, 1894,

448

294

742

433

312

752

Choleraic Diarrhoea 1.

This table appears as it has done for years and from the disease there mentioned as caused by filth the Europeans suffered but little this year. The Chinese suffered more, but as I have explained in my report upon the Tung Wa Hospital now under European supervision as regards the nature of the cases admitted there and the examination of the dead bodies daily, there is likely to be a considerable change in this table next year. When this table was compiled the plague did not enter into my calculations, and I have not altered the table this year by its addition. The return of those affected by plague give the following figures as far as can be made out with certainty. There were 11 Europeans affected, of these 2 died; of coloured races 50 were affected and 36 died; of Chinese affected there were 2,619 and 2,447 died. This terrible outbreak has had one good effect; it has proved to the European community the danger, existing in the filthy condition in the major portion of the inhabited districts of the Colony, is a real danger and not to be laughed at as it has been for years. I regret that my warnings have all received so little attention and that I have proved a true prophet; but I hope out of the evil will rise much good, at any rate the state of things that has existed as long can no longer be permitted to remain unimproved.

The thorough inspections of the houses in the city not only resulted in showing that the Chinese portion of the city was in a filthy and insanitary condition but that in very many cases Europeans neglected to look after their own premises, and their servants' quarters revealed a disgusting state of filth and neglect and required as much cleansing and disinfecting as any Chinese house in the worst quarters of the city.

Special reports concerning the terrible visitation of the plague have been made so recently that it is unnecessary for me to go into particulars on this subject.

I have added to this report as an appendix the two first reports I made within five months of my arrival in the Colony. These reports were afterwards supplemented by others showing the insanitary state of European houses, public buildings such as markets, Police Stations, schools, Supreme Court, Magistrates' Court, Gaol, Hospital, &c. These two reports-the first on the condition of the brothels in use both by Europeans and those used only by Chinese dated 19th January, 1874, and the second on the filthy condition of the Chinese portion of the city generally dated 15th April, 1874,-were received by the Government with astonishment at the state of things revealed and some incredulity. as will be seen by the memo appended by Mr. GARDNER AUSTIN, C.M.G., the then Colonial Secretary, and that though improvement in the state of the brothels was at once recommended, interference with the state of things described in the brothel report as existing in the Chinese portion of the city was deprecated as "to do anything effectually in the matter would occupy much preparation, and much "time, and would involve a very considerable outlay." This minute of the Colonial Secretary determined to go thoroughly into the matter so that no responsibility should rest with me, and the series of reports on sanitation I have mentioned beginning with the one in the appendix dated 15th April, 1874, were made and a general review of the state of things made in my Annual Report of 1874 in which I omitted many things of which I had made the Government aware but which I did not think advisable to make public, but even what I did say was deerned too much and nearly the

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whole on the subject of sanitation was eliminated when that report was published. It was afterwards resuscitated by Sir JOHN POPE HENNESSY in 1878 and became public property. To the facts mentioned in this report I have frequently referred and the report itself has been more than once published in extenso in the public press and very frequently quoted from. The condition of things described as existing in 1874 were still worse in 1894 as far as overcrowding, want of ventilation, defective construction and general filth in the houses were concerned because the population had increased enormously, the same insanitary state of construction of the houses had been continued, and from being only two stories high they have increased to three and four stories high and also increased în number in many places, whilst in others the same old houses described in 1874 exist by hundreds in the same condition then described with the same filthy walls and floors impossible to clean, and the same underground dens. The drainage in some places has been improved as regards the main drainage, but as regards the house drainage it, in most cases, in 1894 remained the same.

In the autumn of 1874, the Government being of opinion that my reports were exaggerated, appointed a Commission consisting of the Surveyor General, Mr. PRICE, and Mr. ALFORD, an architect and engineer in private practice, and myself to supply a further report; and from the beginning of Octo- ber 1874 to the end of April 1875, every week day afternoon from 2 P.M. till dusk was spent in inspecting every portion of the city, when another still stronger report was sent in amply verifying all I had stated signed by all of us. A month before the work was finished Mr. PPICE's health broke down, and Mr. ALFORD and I finished the work by ourselves in the first week in May, I having spent the major portion of my time for the past eighteen months in "slumming.' I was attacked with typhoid fever, Mr. ALFORD fortunately escaping any ill effects.

From that time on I continued with the assistance of two Inspectors in charge of the sanitation of the Colony being able to effect but little improvement, till in 1880 serious disputes on the subject of sanitation occurred between the Government on the one hand and the Surveyor General and myself on the other which terminated in each of us appealing to the Secretary of State, by whom Mr. CHADWICK was appointed a Royal Commissioner and sent out to inspect and report on the sanitation of the Colony. His full report was published in a Blue Book in 1882, amply verifying the evils we had brought to notice and confirming still more fully all we had said in our reports.

By Mr. CHADWICK's recommendation a Sanitary Board was appointed in 1882, relieving me of a burden which I had borne for eleven years. In 1887 Mr. CHADWICK was again sent out and expressed much surprise at the little that had been done in the six years since his previous visit, and by his advice the Sanitary Board was reconstituted and enlarged, the Public Health Ordinance revised and enlarged as regards its powers as also the Building Ordinance; and since that many other amendments have been made with accompanying bye-laws and a Land Resumption Ordinance sanctioned, and others in connection with sanitation, water supply, drainage, &c.

The water supply has been nearly completed, but the quantity is found to be insufficient, the quality of the supply has been proved by monthly analysis to be superior to that of most English

towns.

The main drainage is nearly completed, but as regards house drainage is still far from complete. The Building Ordinance refers only to new buildings, and existing buildings previous to this Ordinance remain the same.

The Land Resumption Ordinance until 1894 remained a dead letter.

The Sanitary Board as reconstituted meets fortnightly and at times of alarm, as in the case of the small-pox epidemic and the cholera scare, holds frequent emergency meetings. Voluminous reports have been made, and some of them published, by Sub-Committees, the. Superintendent and Secretary of the Board, Mr. MCCALLUM, the Sanitary Surveyor, Mr. CROOK, the Veterinary Surgeon, Mr. Ladds, under whom are the Markets, Slaughter-Houses and Cattle Depôts and Lairs, and by the Board Inspectors. The Board's Officers have had some praise sparingly given, but one and all have been severely and at times censured in no measured terms by some members of the Board for having in their zeal for the service done things which required immediate attention and common sense sanctioned being done, and on being reported at the next Board meeting received the censure as their reward for doing things without the previous sanction of the Board.

The Official Members of the Board in their several capacities have had metaphorical missiles thrown at them in unstinted supplies.

The want of a Medical Health Officer as Superintendent, many times insisted on by me from the beginning as an absolute necessity, but from economical motives ignored till Mr. MCCALLUM's health broke down completely from the overwork of doing the double duty which necessitated his being out and about the greater part of the day and doing his office work at night. The necessity of a Medical Officer of Health then begun to dawn upon them generally and was fully recognized when the plague began.

Long wordy, windy, desultory, rambling discussions are held by the Board at their fortnightly meetings ending in nothing being done. Sub-Committee's reports, called for in many cases as a means of delaying action, end in abortive attempts at action, as in the case of the Sub-Committee's report on Overcrowding when threats of riots and strike, amongst the Chinese, moderated the tone of the

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majority of the Board, when it appeared that the mercantile community and the general public would be seriously inconvenienced, and things were relegated to the future for further consideration; as in the case of the Sub-Committee appointed to enquire into the Fat-Boiling Nuisance to which I referred in my Annual Report for 1893. whose report although referring to the condition of filth and general insanitation of the houses in which this business was conducted, situated in First, Second, Third and High Streets, some of those being houses the insanitary condition of which I mentioned in my Report of the 15th April, 1874, were situated to the west of the Hospital in High, First, Second and Third Streets. Mr. EDE and Mr. HUMPHREYS, unofficial members of the Board the Sub- Committee appointed, inspected these premises and sent in a report in which they said:"Nearly the "whole of the houses are in a most dilapidated condition. The floors were recking with filth. The "drainage was very bad, smell abominable. In some of the houses were dark holes in which there "were quantities of decomposing and putrid meat, fat and bones, and one of them filled with maggots. The stench from these places was unbearable." I inspected these houses also and found them in the same condition I had reported twenty years ago; fat-boiling was going on there, but, with the assistance of the Registrar General, I had them cleared out and suppressed that business in the neighbourhood of the Hospital. It had begun again of late years and I have often reported them before with result that the nuisance has abated for a time. When this report was read before the Board I stated that these houses were in as disgusting a condition as many of the worse slums of the Central District of Taipingshan, independently of the fat-boiling, that many other houses in the same streets where no fat-boiling was done were in the same filthy and insanitary condition, and that these houses were, in my opinion, unfit for human habitation. The Board then recommend-"That "the tenants should be called upon to abate the nuisance," which was done. The Board also recommended—“That the landlords should be notified to put these houses in proper order." That the notices were served is proved by the papers attached to the documents which had been before the Board, but there is no record to show that the landlords paid any attention to the notification, and no further steps appear to have been taken in the matter and it ended in nothing being done. The houses in these streets, next to the walled up portion of Taipingshan, were the worst centres of the plague-stricken districts; scores of them were closed as unfit for human habitation and remain so to this day.

Reports of the Board's Sanitary Surveyor on houses requiring re-draining are continually being referred back for further report in the interest of the landlords or the tenants whose rights must not be infringed upon, or only sanctioned conditionally, or refused sanction altogether on account of insuffi- cient water supply rendering re-draining incompatible, in the opinion of some members, with the necessities of the case.

The powers given to the Board to act are not used because they are insufficient, because they interfere with the rights of the landlord, the tenant, or the public. Action is deprecated in every possible way. The Board's legal members are great in explaining what the Board cannot do in consequence of the want of sufficient powers and but little light is afforded to the Board by them as to what can be done with the limited powers the Board possesses. Every care was taken to hamper the Board in doing anything, and every opportunity to declaim on the iniquity of the water supply not being in the hands of the Board, the want of powers to act, the need for reform (especially Muni- cipal Reform) and the very great need of a Municipal Council to save the Colony from destruction. All sorts of wild theories are promulgated and beautiful plays are acted for the benefit of the gallery occupied by the reporters of the public press who furnish the papers with jesting and caustic reports of the discussions to the great amusement of the public, and subject those members desirous of doing the work for which they were appointed to unlimited chaff; the reports of the Board's meetings being looked forward to as a source of amusement in these dull times.

When the plague began a small and Permanent Committee of the Sanitary Board was appointed to see necessary things done to stamp out its invasion. The meetings were held daily and in the beginning were rather of a stormy character. There was no gallery, I inean no reporters, but the majority meant business and would recognize no rights but the public welfare, and landlords and lessees who had fattened on the profits of the disgusting and filthy dens for years had to submit to forego those profits for the future. Many houses have been taken away from them altogether and the Land Resumption Ordinance put in force; scores of other houses have been closed as unfit for human habitation until the required alterations necessary to render them fit are made; hundreds of others have had a definite period fixed to put them in order with the threat of closure unless those orders are obeyed. And it has been shown very definitely that a great deal could be done in a very short time when necessity that knows no law required it.

The Chinese have received a very necessary and salutory lesson that riots and strikes will no longer be permitted to override the law, and I desire to protest against their being permitted any interference in or control over hospitals for epidemic disease in the future after our experience of the past year.

I deprecate any accommodation being sanctioned by Government for plague patients not under European supervision in the immediate neighbourhood of the Colony in future. The condition of things existing at the Lai-Chi-Kok Hospital and cemetery was correctly described by the medical

{

481

staff employed by the Government in their letter dated July 2nd, 1894. The reports given by other medical men at the request of Government dated July 8th, 1894, although the hospital had been specially cleansed and prepared with supplies of disinfectants for their reception, confirmed the danger to the Colony of this institution, for they said-"The whole number of patients under treatment was "58...... Of this number about one third were suffering from plague and less than half came from Hongkong. The plague patients were scattered promiscuously amongst the others." This was while we were doing our best in the Colony to single out plague patients, and these other patients were daily being dismissed from the hospital to spread the infection they had contracted in the hospital over the Kowloon peninsula. That they did so was fully proved by the fact that only a few isolated cases appeared on the Kowloon peninsula before the Troops had thoroughly cleansed and white-washed all the houses, yet after this had been done and when the plague was fast dying out in Hongkong in the latter part of July the plague cases were steadily increasing on the Kowloon peninsula and it continued there to the last, the latest case occurred in October long after any case occurred in Hongkong and the youth died in hospital three days after.

Moreover a patient, that had been deported from the Tung Wa Plague Hospital in the Cattle Depôt by Government orders to Lai-Chi-Kok Hospital, left that hospital of his own accord, came through Kowloon across in one of the Chinese ferries, wandered through the City of Victoria back to the Cattle Depôt Hospital where he died twenty-four hours after.

The letter written by Dr. MOLYNEUX, dated July 12th, on the condition of the Lai-Chi-Kok graveyard and its dangers was, in every particular, correct. The show graves of fairly decent depth, described by the Medical Officers who reported at the request of Government on the 8th of July, remained empty although other interments had been made in the graveyard only a few inches deep. On July 17th Mr. FRANCIS, the President of the Permanent Committee of the Sanitary Board, and myself visited the Lai-Chi-Kok graveyard and confirmed Dr. MOLYNEUX's statements in every particular, the show graves remained unfilled though still more interments had taken place. The heap of lime remained in statu quo and practically none had been used in the graves.

Later on Surgeons MEADON and BEARBLOCK, who were inspecting all junks and sampans coming into Hongkong, discovered the lime, that had been taken over to Lai-Chi-Kok Hospital for show purposes, being exported back to Hongkong.

For these reasons, which are facts which cannot be disputed, should deportation be considered necessary. It should at least be nowhere except to Canton, and not allowed to any place in the immediate neighbourhood of the Colony.

As for the Sanitary Board now that the scare is over it seems fast relapsing into the "do nothing" principle until the Unofficial members get all they demand constituting themselves the public repre- sentatives and being in reality only that of a very small portion of the public, and the necessity of its reform in some way is fully demonstrated. As a compulsory member of the Board words are insuffi- cient to express my disgust at, in any way, being a part of it.

As regards a Municipal Council I have no belief in the possibility of such an institution. The com- munity is too small and the conflicting interests of its members too great. To give a forcible illustra- tion of this being a fact look at the Directors of the many Companies in the Colony. Is there a single Company in this Colony whose Directors have not been held up to execration in letters to the papers and in articles in the papers, being accused of subordinating the interests of the shareholders to their own interests, of appropriating emoluments when there were no dividends, &c.? I would like to see a list of representative men of position, who think they have the confidence of the public, who would consent to become members, or whose firm would consent to their time being given for such a purpose in these days of high pressure, frequent telegraph instructions coming every hour in the twenty-four, and with mails coming in and going out daily.

Such an institution is recognized as a necessity in Shanghai and for the interest of all concerned in the Settlement, but the chosen few would in many cases be glad to get out of it if they could.

I am glad to see the observations in my last annual report as to the necessity of having some control over the wheeled vehicles for the transport of heavy goods drawn by coolies has received attention. Already I have sent in several reports to, Government of serious injuries inflicted by their want of proper control this year, and I have seen many minor injuries inflicted by the same cause. Now they are to be licensed and the proprietors held responsible. There will, I hope, be fewer of such

cases.

I would like to suggest that when coolies are licensed to carry chairs and run in jinrickshaws, some consideration should be given to their physical capacity for doing such work. At least a quarter of the coolies so employed are quite unfit for it, and that they are so is patent to the most casual observer and needs no professional opinion. If they were horses their owners would be pounced upon at once for cruelty to animals and prosecuted. The unpleasant experience of having to get out of the vehicle and pay the coolie before his contract is carried out has occurred to many people frequently.

This report has been very hurriedly written. The reports of the Acting Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, the Superintendent of the Hygeia Epidemic Hulk, and the Government

482

Analyst are not finished, and some of the tables also. But I have had to write without them as I am, in a few days, leaving the Colony on long leave, the first long leave I have had during nearly 30 years' service under Government. I have, therefore, had to ask the Acting Colonial Surgeon to see that the above are forwarded, and the proofs of this report properly corrected.

I leave the Colony for a time with regret, having made very many kind friends-both Official and Unofficial-and having spent many happy years in it. The only thing I do not regret leaving is the Sanitary Board as a body, and I hope before I return there will be some improvement as to the indi- vidual members. When away from the Sanitary Board or one incets them at more festive boards I have always found them kind and pleasant companions.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable

No. 10.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Colonial Secretary.

Appendix to Colonial Surgeon's Annual Report for 1894.

PH. B. C. ATRES,

Colonial Surgeon.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 19th January, 1874.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the following report on the sanitary condition of the brothels of Hongkong. I have made over twelve inspections varying from three to five hours each, and have not yet succeeded in completing the round, but have quite sufficient data to express an opinion on.

With regard to the form, headed Contagious Diseases Ordinance, enclosed in the Registrar General's letter No. 39, dated 5th August, 1873, I am of opinion it is useless. A certain number of feet might be laid down as a rule for the accommodation of each individual, other things being equal; but other things are in no case equal, situation is different, and so are the heights of the rooms, so that a room in one house sixteen feet square may sufficiently accommodate four persons, but a room in another of exactly the same dimensions be totally unfit for one.

The inspectors of brothels cannot be expected to be judges of the sanitation of houses entirely uninstructed as they are, and in my opinion no brothel should be sanctioned without a certificate from a medical officer that it is a fit place for sanction and the accommodation of so many women.

The inspections of brothels appear to have been left entirely to the inspectors of brothels, men of limited education and certainly unable to perform the duties required of them without efficient super- intendence and instruction which has not apparently been the duty of my predecessors in the Colonial Surgeoncy of Hongkong, and that this is evidently required, the report will show.

The inspectors have simply confined themselves to seeing that the laws laid down by "The Con- tagious Diseases Act" have been carried out and nothing in the way of sanitation has been done at all.

I have found invariably in every house the kitchen in a filthy condition, many without chimneys, the smoke of wood and charcoal fires distributing itself all over the house and rendering the air difficult to breath, the drainage more or less deficient, and, where existing, in a most deplorable condition. Greasy soot lying thick on the walls and ceilings; floors saturated with decaying animal matter, washed off the dressers and thrown out of pots and left to drain how it can, these floors being broken bricks or decaying boards; there were no proper receptacles for rubbish, which accumulated in corners or was heaped in broken baskets and only removed when it became of sufficient importance by taking up too much room and becoming inconvenient.

In the kitchens were generally one or more hutches used as privies, consisting of a few boards knocked together to form a rickety screen, and from age and neglect were saturated with filth. No proper receptacle for night-soil was found in the hutches, sometimes a broken pot, sometimes a leaky old tub, sometimes nothing at all, the night-soil being deposited on the floors and the urine draining away as best it might into the surrounding floors. I have a pretty good stomach, which doesn't revolt at trifles, but I found the inspection of these places acted on it in a very unpleasant manner.

The girl's rooms-next to kitchens,-nearly all had a ventilating opening into the kitchens; of what benefit to the inhabitants of the rooms may be gathered from the foregoing paragraphs.

In at least a dozen instances I found a girl's room separated from the privies by a boarded partition through the interstices of which the inhabitants of the room could see into the privies and vice versâ. As often as not rooms were over the privies with floors in a similar condition.

In all cases, without exception, the floors of the rooms and passages, the walls and ceilings or roof were in filthy condition, so thick was the greasy dirt on the floors that it could be scraped off with the foot.

488

In many cases the houses are quite unfit for use as brothels or human habitation, their being no ventilation at all, and many more are much overcrowded,-rooms being built in rooms not only by sub-dividing the floor of one room, but by dividing other rooms above the sub-divisions, making one floor into two, and so destroying the small amount of ventilation there was originally.

Such being the case it is not at all wonderful to find cases of typhoid fever continually brought to hospital. I am bound to say that these cases do not only come from brothels and therefore do not merit the name of "brothel-fever" given to them, for in many private houses of the poorer class that I have inspected the state of things is a hundred times worse than in the brothels, and if some remedy is not found it will ultimately become a formidable invader of the houses of the rich and bring back to Hongkong, with good reason, its not enviable notoriety as a grave of Europeans.

For it must be remembered that it is to these houses and to the Chinese brothels the servants go, and from them may bring the infection into the houses of their masters.

I have written out instructions, some of them applying to all the brothels, some to individual houses only, for the use of the inspectors, and allow a certain time for them to be acted upon; if not fully carried out in that time the houses will be closed until the orders are obeyed. Some houses, about eight in number, I have ordered to be closed, but without continual and efficient superintendence and instruction as to what is required the inspectors cannot be of much use as regards sanitary arrange- ments, the impracticability of the blind leading the blind having been demonstrated by reliable authority.

I have the honour to be,

Sir, ·

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable J. G. AUSTIN, C.M.G.,

&c.,

Colonial Secretary,

&c.,

&c.

PH. В. C. AYRES, Colonial Surgeon.

(Colonial Secretary's Minute of 20th January, 1874.)

If without exaggeration, this report reflects seriously upon the Government in respect to the past and throws much responsibility upon it as regards the future.

There is no object to which I would devote time and attention more willingly than the amelio- ration of these parts of the town which are inhabited by the Chinese, but to do anything effectually in the matter would occupy much preparation and much time, and involve very considerable outlay. We cannot therefore move in the matter on the spur of the moment.

As regards the brothels, however, we can take immediate action, and I therefore suggest that the houses which are irremediably bad should be closed at once, and that the others should be left open only on condition that they shall be made satisfactory in all respects within a specified time.

I quite approve of the suggestions made by Dr. AYRES that no brothel should hereafter be licensed without a certificate from a Medical Officer, but I think that the Surveyor General should also have some voice in the matter.

The Honourable the Registrar General will be good enough to give his opinion on the matter.

(Signed), J. G. AUSTIN,

January 20th, 1874.

No. 11.

Colonial Secretary.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 15th April, 1874.

SIR, I have the honour to forward to you a report on the results of my rounds with the sanitary inspector for the information of His Excellency the Governor.

As I have already stated in my report on the inspection of brothels, there are many things brought to notice there that are equally applicable to private houses, such as bad drainage, deficient ventilation, foul privies, filthy condition of the houses, &c., &c.; but if I was astonished at the state of the brothels they did not at all prepare me for what I was to find in private houses.

of the brothels before I came, so it is with the back slums of the town, little or no superintendence over the inspectors has been thought of. The inspectors of brothels and the sanitary and market inspectors have all been left pretty much to their own devices, as I have shown and shall show. Nor does it seem to have come within the province of my predecessors to do this work.

Pigs are universally kept in the houses all over the town, the usual place for their reception being the kitchens, but they are by no means confined to that part of the house. If the droves are too large or the kitchen too small, they are kept in the same room the inhabitants of the houses occupy and are as frequently to be found in upper stories as in the ground floors. A very favourite place for them is

484

under the bed. I have seen four of the usual divisions the Chinese make in one room, each division having a bed, and underneath each bed a pig sty containing from five to seven pigs, the occupant of the house having a Government license to keep pigs and having no other place to keep them. Attached to this report I send eight licenses, by the authority of which the occupants of the house kept pigs under their beds, and two others where the pigs, though not kept under the beds, were in the same room the people slept and lived in. I could send many others.

The construction of this class of houses is against every sanitary rule as regards drainage, ventilation and cleanliness, which is rendered impossible to the inhabitants, which you will easily understand by what I shall show you. Many houses being built back to back have no yards, have only a window in front, and there is nothing to promote a current of air through them. In others, which are not built back to back, no yard is provided but a narrow gully exists between the backs of the two sets of houses about a yard wide, not used for passengers, but down which an open sewer exists, in which foul and fœtid matter lies in pools or slowly trickles from one pool to the other, a slight descent assisting. The private drains existing are of the most complicated description beginning in the kitchen of the house and terminating-goodness only knows where-in but too many cases in the earth itself ̈® with no outlet, through which the filth percolates till it finds the water level.

The upper floors of the houses are made with very thin boards which not lying close together renders it impossible to attempt to wash them, as that would result in giving the inhabitants of the rooms beneath a dirty shower bath. They are consequently covered with mud and filth deposited by their human inhabitants (in many instances assisted by pigs) half an inch thick. The ground floors are for the most part mud, though sometimes badly tiled or covered with stones. On this mud floor every imaginable filth falls, from saliva to pig's urine draining from the pens so that the earth is saturated with decomposing animal and vegetable matter of all descriptions; and mud floors cannot be washed or cleaned.

I don't think the value of this sort of property is known or the enormous prices for which these houses are let. Repairs cost little or nothing yearly. In nearly every room three or more families reside up to as many as six or eight, the room being partitioned off; each partition pays a dollar and a half to two dollars a month rent, and a house of three rooms about fourteen feet square with miserable little kitchens attached will fetch from £55 to £70 a year; if it is a brothel from £80 to £100 a year. I saw one room with four partitions for which the women of the house paid $16 a month rent, the girls paying their $9 a month for each partition. It is thus evident that it is better to own property of this description which requires little or no repair than to own houses in better quarters which pay less rent and require frequent repair. I mean that the inhabitants have no choice in the first instance and the landlords none in the other, as to whether repairs shall be done or not, even when they are required. I now proceed to give a few notes of things I saw in certain localities, which notes are applicable to very many other places.

Fuk On Lane, ground floors of most houses mud, upper floors open spaces between the boards, so that neither floors admit of proper cleaning. Kitchens--poky, little holes, overcrowded and occupied by pigs, they being considered fit and proper places by the Inspectors of Markets, the people have licenses. Steps at the upper end of this lane out of repair, underneath, are cavities containing liquid, black and putrid filth.

Open space below Hospital: Road and east of Tung Hing Theatre used as a place to shoot all sorts of rubbish, a disgusting stench pervading the place.

Pound Lane, south end filthy, no drainage, four cases of small-pox occurred here this year. Houses with broken floors containing puddles of filth from which a stench arose enough to make any one sick; outside standing pools of filth, in open drains. Tanks sunk in the ground floors of these houses containing filthy water in which vegetables were being washed for the markets, also bean-cake making going on in these rooms for sale in the markets. As many as from seven to twelve pigs kept in the kitchens here, the people having licenses.

Rutter's Lane consists of a passage about four feet wide paved with large stones with large cavities beneath them, into which I could poke my walking stick up to the handle without finding bottom, these cavities containing black and putrid liquid filth. The houses are horribly filthy and having pigs in them; in one house three children just recovered from small-pox.

At the top of this lane there is an open space, in which all sorts of rubbish is shot. Four wells in this space all more or less receive the drainings from the rubbish collected about. From three of the wells the water was being used only for cleaning clothes and vegetables and the fourth used for drinking. Down-spouts of houses generally in bad state of repair.

Along the back of the houses in Upper Station Street runs a horizontal wooden trough about six feet above ground which is used for conveying away refuse water from the houses; this is not in good repair and leaks, the filthy water trickling down and polluting the walls of the houses. The foundations of these houses look anything but safe, the inhabitants expect them to tumble down before long as the houses in front of them have already done.

485

At the back of Market Street, Taipingshan, is a gully three feet wide, down which an open drain runs, the black and putrid filth trickling slowly along or standing in puddles.

At the back of Tank Lane is a gully with no name-pigs in upper and lower rooms and in holes sunk in the foundations of houses-place filthy, baskets of putrid rubbish standing about outside the houses. In the midst of puddles of filth in the broken pavement, saw a hole sunk in the ground with a machine for pounding rice in it, opposite to the doorway of a hole which could not be called a room, as it was not more than seven feet square, and was only just large enough to contain a bed in which a family slept and underneath which were a lot of pigs.

Take another gully with no name, one end opening into Caine Road just below Dr. ADAMS' house, the other end into Market Street. This gully is floored with a platform of boards raised about two feet above the ground, the earth below is sodden with black liquid filth, and underneath this footway fowls are kept which afterwards go to the markets. Houses here are cramped up little hovels with filthy floors, and the inhabitants are licensed to keep pigs to the number of ten each.

First Street, Saiyingpoon, is a wide street, in which the houses look well from the front-pigs kept, of course. At the back of these houses are gullies of the foulest description, the stench from which is horrible.

In Woi On Lane, a gully at the back of, and composed of the basement floors of, Third Street, nearly every room kept pigs, there being nearly a hundred in the place. I could not stay to inspect it properly, as the stench drove me out retching.

These places taken from different quarters of the town are quite sufficient to illustrate what I have said.

An intimate acquaintance in the course of my student life in hospital practice with the worst quarters of Lambeth, Saint Giles, and Somers Town, enables me to say, I do not believe there could be found in London worse places than are to be found in Hongkong, if so bad; and in Indian towns filth of the description found here would not be permitted by the caste of the inhabitants.

Here the people inhabiting these places are not so poverty-stricken, they wear good clothes and pay high rents, indeed exorbitant rents, and nowhere have I found anything approaching to the poverty I have seen in London or Indian towns. Few European residents of this generally supposed clean town know of or would believe the things I have brought to notice in this, and my report on the brothels. It is no wonder, under the circumstances, in their ignorance they think the town is clean enough and more water is not required seeing as they do only the best quarters or those that are fair enough outside, but foul within and behind. In many places the people have to go long distances for water or they get it from foul wells, so that they learn to do without it as much as possible, not because they don't want it, but because it is a great deal of trouble to procure. They never wash or clean the floors of their houses, because the construction of the floors does not admit of it, so water is not acquired for this purpose.

I am of opinion that in the town there is no fit or proper place for pigs to be kept at all, and this at all events should not be sanctioned by Government, but that places should be found out of town or over at Kowloon, and the pigs brought to market when required.

•

No house in the town should be permitted to have floors so constructed that they cannot be properly cleaned, in upper floors the boards should be well fitted so that they can be washed, and all the ground floors should be well tiled for the same reason, no mud floors should be allowed, and every house should be well white-washed every six months or at least once a year. The landlords should be held responsible for this and for the drains being in proper order that belong to the house.

In some cases, however, the house drainage cannot be managed as there is no proper drainage to the streets or gullies. In future no houses should be built without sufficient yard space at the back, and in no case should they be built back to back.

With such a state of things as I have reported here no one will dispute, I think, that there is good reason for my prognostications as regards typhus and typhoid fever, and it is not to be wondered at that the cases become more and more frequent. I have seen three this week. A cholera epidemic here would be something too horrible to think about, and small-pox is by no means to be thought lightly of.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable J. G. AUSTIN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary,

fc..

&c.,

&c.

PH. B. C. AYRES,

Colonial Surgeon.

Months.

486

POLICE.

Table I.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during each Month of the Year 1894.

MONTHS.

Remaining on the 1st Jan.,

1894,

January,

EUROPEANS.

INDIANS.

CHINESE.

TOTAL Admissions. Deaths.

TOTAL

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions.

Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

February,

March,

co to co

11.

April,

May, June,

•

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

૩

Total,......

127

244

134

505

ㄓˇ

JAMES A. LowSON,

Acting Superintendent.

Table II.-Shewing the RATE of SICKNESS and MORTALITY in the POLICE FORCE during the Year 1894.

AVERAGE STRENGTH.

TOTAL SICKNESS.

TOTAL DEATHS. RATE OF SICKNESS.

RATE OF MORTALITY.

European. Indian.

Chinese.

Total. European. Indian. Chinese. European. Indian.

Chinese.

European. Indian.

Chinesc. European. Indian.

Chinese.

109

216 326 651 127 244 134

†11 116.51112.96 41.10

1.85

3.37

* Of the 4 Indians--

2 committed suicide by shooting.

1 died from the effect of wounds received in the Wing Lok Street Affair.

1 died in the Government Civil Hospital.

Of the 11 Chinese-

1 Sergeant Interpreter and 5 Constables died of Plague in Hospital.

1 Sergeant died of Plague on board the Canton steamer.

1 Constable was murdered in Central Barrack by an I. P. C. who committed suicide.

2 Constables died in Kowloon City on leave.

1 Constable died in Government Civil Hospital.

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

Table III.-POLICE RETURN of ADMISSIONS to HOSPITAL from each District during the Year 1894.

CENTRAL

GOVERNMENT No. 1 STONE

No. 5

HOUSE

CUTTERS'

No. 2

ISLAND.

GAP No. 6 MOUNTAIN

WATER POLICE STATIONS TSIMSHATSUI,

TSAT-TSZ-MUI, POKFULAM,

SHAUKIWAN,

KENNEDY

SHEKO.

Town.

ABERDEEN.

LODGE.

WHITEFIELD.

دو

YAUMATI,

STANLEY.

No. 7.

HUNGHOM.

November, 3 10

December,.. 4 11

Total,

76 142 27

6 11

Remaining

on 1st Jan., 1894, . January, February,

March,

7 7

April,

6 8

May,

10 14

June,

July,.

August,

4 18

September, 7 11

October,... 8 16

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

wi mi Hi weit:: 2

Chinese.

European.

::::::::::::

Indian.

::::::::::

Chinese.

European.

10 5

5 16, 7

3 10 3 1

• ni w: w: ::

Indian.

Chinese.

Fowl: ci mai

European.

Indian.

2 4

ANCA

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

Comi Ni:

HHHH :::

•

1 49

47 29

5 505

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

TOTAL.

3 20 14 10

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

AVERAGE STRENGTH.

Table IV. Shewing the RATE of SICKNESS and MORTALITY of the TROOPS serving in HONGKONG

during the Year 1894.

487

ADMISSIONS INTO HOSPITAL.

DEATHS.

White. Black. Total. White. Black. Total.

White. Black. Total.

White. Black. White. Black.

AVERAGE DAILY RATE OF SICKNESS.

1,446 1,309 2,755 2,035 870 2,905

112.75 38.61 16.59 11.46

DISEASES.

Table V.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1894.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

I.—General Diseases.

A. Diseases dependent on Morbid Poisons,-

Sub-Group 1,

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Total.

Europeans.

IRATE OF MORTAL- ITY PER 1,000 OF THE STRENGTH.

A. F. PRESTON, Surgeon Colonel, A.M.S., Principal Medical Officer, China and Hongkong.

Indians.

Asiatics.

142

7 12

113

278

175

272

124 13 CO ZU 00

Circulatory System,

Diseases of the

Lymphatic,

B. Diseases dependent on external agents other than Morbid

Poisons,- Sub-Group 1,

2,*

3, 4,

D. Not classified,

C. Developmental Diseases,

3333

II.-Local Diseases.

Nervous System,

Eye,.

Ear, Nose,

Respiratory,

Digestive,

111

671

146

199

Thyroid Body,

Supra Renal Capsules,

Urinary System,

Generative System,

777

5 2

Female Breast,

Male

Organs of Locomotion,

114 186

Connective Tissue,

Skin,

III.

Poisons,

IV.

Injuries,

10 102 132

88448

co co

Surgical Operation, †..

Under Observation,

පාය

Total,..

831

349

783 1,963 30 12

101

* Vide III. Poisons. † Table Va.

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

Total.

•

488

Table Va.-LIST of OPERATIONS performed during the Year 1894. *

SURGICAL OPERATIONS. ·

Removal of Tumours,-

Excision of Buboes,

Sebaceous Cyst of Face,

Gun-shot Wounds,-

Of Hand,.... Of Abdomen,

Of Thigh,

Of Arm,

Of Hip,

...

Of Thorax and Arm,

Operations on Eye,—

Excision of Eye-ball,

Iridectomy,

....

Operations on Head and Neck,-

....

For Fractured Skull (Trephining, &c.), Tumours of Jaws,

Plastic Operation on Lip,

Operations on Respiratory Organs,-

Cut Throat,

....

(Tracheotomy), ....

Operations on Genito Urinary Organs,-

Stricture of Urethra,

Lithotomy,

Hydrocele (Radical Cure),

Circumcision,

Perineal Section,

For Lacerated Wound of Scrotum,

Amputation of Penis,

Operations on Digestive Organs,---

Laparotomy,

Abscess of Liver,

Strangulated Inguinal Hernia, Fistula and Fissures in âno, Hæmorrhoids,

....

Operations on Organs of Locomotion,-

Amputation of Thigh,

....

...

of Leg,

at Ankle,

of Toes,

of Arm,

of Fingers,

....

For Necrosis of Tibia,

of Femur,

....

For Fracture and Necrosis of Clavicle,

For Fractured Patella,

Femur,

Excision of Hip,

Suture of Tendons,

....

Purulent Synovitis of Knee (Erasion),

For Extensive Injury to Forearm,

Operations on Nerves,-

Suture of Musculo Spiral,

Stretching Sciatic Nerve,

External Popliteal,

....

...

....

...

....

OPERATION.

DEATHS.

12917

2 11D COOHH

૭૨૭૭૭

....

Total,

111

* Incomplete for reasons mentioned in Report.

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

GENERAL DISEASES.

Table Vb.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1894.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

489

Group A.—Sub-Group 1.

1. Small-Pox, (transferred to Small-Pox Hospital),

2. Cow-Pox.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Total.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

3. Chicken-Pox,

4. Measles,

5. Epidemic Rose-rash, (Rotheln),

6. Scarlet Fever,

7. Dengue,

Typhus,

9. Plague,....

10.

Relapsing Fever,

11. Influenza,

12. Whooping Cough,

13. Mumps,

14. Diphtheria,

15. Cerebro-spinal Fever,

16. Simple-continued Fever,

...

17. Enteric Fever, Synonyms, Typhoid Fever, (Typhomalarial

Fever),

18. Cholera, Synonyms, Asiatic Cholera, Epidemic Cholera, 19. Sporadic Cholera, Synonyms, Simple Cholera, Cholera

Nostras,

07:

20. Epidemic Diarrhoea,

21. Dysentery,

: : *

:::

Total,......

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

Table Vc.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL. during the Year 1894.

GENERAL DISEASES.

1. Malarial Fever,-

Group A.-Sub-Group 2.

a. Intermittent, Synonyms, Ague,

b. Remittent,

c. Malarial Cachexia,

2. Beri-Beri,

Monthly Table of Malariat Fever Cases amongst the Police.

INTERMITTENT.

REMITTENT.

Deatlis.

•

October, November,

December,

April,

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

10 10 ~7:00 ~ 00 G) CO CO CT 1 CO

10 10 00 10 0119 0-0, –10 Co

January, February, March,

1 3 3

MONTH.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Total,...

17 55 34

49 142

7 12

ADMISSIONS.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

58-2

50 63 64 177

20 22 67

SRP:

Deaths.

Total Number of

Cases.

Total Number of Deaths.

B&&8

Europeans.

"Indians.

Asiatics.

1 2

12 14 10

...

142

80 85 113 278

...

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

Total.

DEATHS.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Total.

;

1. Phagedona,

2. Erysipelas,

3. Pycemia,.

4. Septicemia,

DISEASES.

490

DISEASES.

Table Ve. Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1894.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Group A.-Sub-Group 3.

Total,.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

1919 m.

Total.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Table Vf.—Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1894.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Europeans.

Group A.-Sub-Group 4.

1. Syphilis, Synonyms, Pox,-

a. Primary,

b. Secondary,

e. Tertiary Syphilis,

2. Gonorrhoeal, including Chancres Molles,

Gonorrliceal Rheumatism,

115

189

DISEASES.

Total,.

Indians.

175

272

Asiatics.

Total.

Europeans.

Indians.

Table Vg. Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1894.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

1. Hydrophobia,

2. Glanders,

3. Horse-pox,

Group A.-Sub-Group 5.

4. Splenic Fever, .....

Total,.....

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Total.

Europeans.

Indians.

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

Asiatics.

{

Total.

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

Asiatics.

Total.

Fever Cases.

Rainfall.

Number.

Inches.

491

Table Vd.--DIAGRAM showing CASES of MALARIAL FEVER occurring every Month amongst the POLICE FORCE, the MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE and the MONTHLY RAINFALL during the Year 1894.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

50°

Red Wave, Blue Wave,

Green Wave,

Black Wave,

.Intermittent Fever Cases.

..Remittent

Monthly Rainfall in inches.

Mean Monthly Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit.

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

10°

20°

30°

40°

600

October.

70°

November.

80°

. December.

Degrees

Fahr.

Mean

Monthly

Temperature.

909

100°

493

Table VI.-Shewing the RATE of MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the last 10 Years.

Rate to Total Number of Rate to Number of Europeans Rate to Number of Coloured Rate to Number of Asiatics

Admissions.

Admitted.

Persons Admitted.

1885,.

1886.

Per cent.

5.03

Per cent.

1885,

4.65

1885,

3.06

1885,

7.01

4.86

1886,

4.25

1886,

4.66

1886,

5.73

1887,

5.37 1887.

4.50

1887,

4.56

1887,

6.96

1888,..

4.51

1888,

3.96

1888,

4.70

1888,

4.98

1889,

4.29

1889,

3.37

1889,

4.13

1889,

5.41

1890,..

5.00

1890,

2.38

1890,

5.30

1890,

7.80

1891,

4.49

1891.

33.46

1891,

2.97

1891,

7.33

•

1892,

3.96

1892,

2.92

1892,

8.28

•

1892,

5.74

1893, 1894,

3.65

1893,

1.57

1893,

2.28

1893,

7.34

5.14

1894,

3.71

1894,

3.51

1894,

7.36

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

Table VII.—Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during each Month of the Year 1894.

EUROPEANS.

COLOURED.

ASIATICS.

MONTHS.

Total Admissions.

Total

Deaths.

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

Remaining on the 1st

January, 1894,

January,

February,

March,.

April,.

May, June,. July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

·001 62 60 + 62 1 02 03 1

93.

December,.

100 02 12 02 LOHANO-30.00

141

129

138

126

186

195

170

171

169

178

129

146

Total,

$35

341

787

*58

1,963

101

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

January, February,

March, April, May,

•

June,

July,

August,

September, October, November, December,

•

Table VIIa.-MONTHLY AGGREGATE NUMBER of PATIENTS, visited in the HOSPITAL daily for

1894, 1893 and 1892.

Months.

Total,.

1894.

1893.

1892.

3,170

2,447

2,372

2,431

2,107

2,045

2,735

2,298

2,073

2,450

1,912

2,106

2,798

2,426

2,583

2,981

2,674

2,401

•

3,208

2,593

2,585

3,237

2,689

2,948

8,017

2,811

2,714

3,130

2,597

2,473

2,802

2,491

2,171

3,084

2,786

2,820

35,043

29,831

28,791

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

494

Table VII.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT LUNATIC ASYLUMS during each Month of the Year 1894.

Dis-

EUROPEANS.

COLOURED.

ASIATICS.

MONTHS.

Total Total charged Admissions. Deaths. to

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

Canton.

Remaining on the 1st

January, 1894,

January,

February,

March,.

April,

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

October, November, December,

•

Total,...

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

Table VIIC.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL HULK Hygeia, etc.

during each Month of the Year 1894.

MONTHS.

EUROPEANS.

COLOURED,

Admissions.

Deaths. Admissions.

Deaths.

ASIATICS.

Admissions. Deaths.

Total Admissions.

Total Deaths.

Small- Plague. Small- Plague. Small Plagne. Small- Plague. Small- Plague. Small- Plague. Small- Plague.

Pox.

3 12

Remaining on the 1st

Pox.

January, 1894,

January,

February, March, April,

3 1

...

•

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

October,..

November,

December,

Total,..

8 15

00 +

Small-

Pox.

Plague.

...

220

170

1 228

111

1 132

170 .88

23 1

471

311

21 506 1

325

* One of these was in attendance.

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent.

MONTHS.

January,

February,

March,

Table VIII.-RETURN of DEAD BODIES brought by the POLICE to the MORTUARY during each Month of the Year 1894.

EUROPEANS AND AMERICANS.

OTHER NATIONAL-

CHINESE.

ITIES.

CAUSE OF DEATH: REPORTED, PROBABLE OR ASCERTAINED BY EXAMINATION.

ACCIDENTAL.

SUICIDAL.

HOMICIDAL.

Adults. Children. Adults. Children: Adults. Children.

Male.

*a[8u8g

Male.

*p[ruo.g

Måle.

Female.

:..

April,

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

October,

.....

November,

December,

Total,......

...

со

*[VI[

Female.

Male.

Female.

4 2

2 2

Male.

*a[muug

From Disease.

Drowning.

Burns.

Asphyxia from Land- slip and fall of a House.

Fracture of Skull, &c.

Fracture of Cervical

. Vertebra.

Fracture of Cervical

Vertebra & Lacera- tion of Spinal Cord.

Rupture of Spleen. Poisoning by Prussic

Acid.

Poisoning by

phine.

Mor-

Poisoning by Opium.

Poisoning by Strych-

nia.

Hanging.

Drowning.

Throat.

Incised

Wound of

Gunshot Wounds of

Abdomen.

Bullet Wounds of Abdo-

Hæmorrhage produced by

men and Neck.

Syncope from Gag-

ging, &c.

Drowning.

Not ascertained.

TOTAL.

:..

...

لبيع

5 2

4 4

ลง

...

4 4

...

9 6

...

3 4

45 38 17 10

...

106 14 10 11 5

* Involuntary homicide.

↑ Too far advanced in decomposition.

...

•

1 151

L. P. MARQUES,

Medical Officer in charge of Post Mortem Examinations

495

496

Table IX.-K.-Showing the ADMISSIONS into HOSPITAL in VICTORIA GAOL, and MORTALITY during the Year 1894.

DISEASES.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese. TOTAL. Europeans.

Coloured

Chinese. TOTAL.

Persons.

Remaining under treatment 1st January, 1894,

I.-

Intermittent Fever,

Remittent Fever,

Remittent Fever and Anæmia,

Remittent Fever, Anæmia and cyst of scalp,

Remittent Fever and Eczema of face,

11-

Febricula and Anæmia,

Remittent Fever and Pleuritic effusion at the

base of right lung,..

Measles,

Bubonic Plague,.

Rheumatic pain of both thighs,

Inflammation of neck (left side),

of right forearm,

Abscess of neck (right side),

Abscess of neck (left side),,

Unsound mind,

Epilepsy,

Otorrhea of left ear,

Ecchymosis of left eye,................................ Locomotor ataxy,

III-

IV.-

Anæmia,

Anæmia and enuresis,

Anæmia and General Debility,

...

Anæmia and meningitis,

Anæmia and œdema of both feet,

General debility and oedema of face and feet,........ General Debility and abscess of dorsal region

of right side,

Hypertrophy of Heart and Aortic regurgitation,

V & VI-

Sympathetic Bubo of right groin,

Sympathetic Bubo of left groin and anæmia,.

VII.-

Anæmia and Pulmonary congestion,

Pulmonary congestion, Cirrohsis of liver& kidneys

Bronchitis,

Bronchitis and General debility,

Chronic Bronchitis,

Pulmonary Phthisis,

Pulmonary Phthisis, left lung,

Chronic Pneumonic Phthisis,

Asthma,

Pulmonary Phthisis and Dysentery,

Pleurisy of left side,

Asphyxia, attempted suicide from hanging,..

VIII-

Dyspepsia and anæmia,

Spasmodic contraction of lower jaw,

Diarrhoea,

Diarrhoea and General debility,

Dysentery,

Dysentery and Stricture of urethra,

Constipation,

Jaundice,......

Ascites,

Ascites and General Debility,.

Internal Hæmorrhoids,....

Internal Hæmorrhoids and Aortic obstruction,.

External Hæmorrhoids (Excised),....

Anal abscess,

Anal Fistula (Operated),

IX & X.-

Albumenuria,

...

dad d

...

***

•

112121

...

-::

...

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

...

***

...

***

...

•

...

440

...

串

ད་

...

---

***

...

***

...

Bubo of right groin

Phagedenic chancre,

Soft chancre,

Soft chancre and anæmia,

Soft chancre and bubo of right groin,

Soft chancre and bubo of both groins,

Phimosis and soft chancre (operated),

Bubo of left groin and ulceration of neck (Tert.

syphilis),

Orchitis of right testicle,

Orchitis of left testicle,

Abscess of scrotum,

Fibroid tumour of perinaeum,

...

XI.-

Caries of left thigh and General debility,

Abscess of left leg,

***

Abscess of right leg,

...

Deep abscess of right leg,

Abscess of right foot,.

...

Abscess of left foot.

Abscess of right plantar surface, Abscess of left plantar surface,

...

***

Inflammation of left ankle-joint,

Carried forward,..

11212THA

...

***

...

154

176

.***

...

* TABLE IX-K-Showing the ADMISSIONS into HOSPITAL in VICTORÍA GAOL and MORTALITY

during the Year 1894,—Continued.

497

DISEASES.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese.

TOTAL. Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese. TOTAL.

Brought forward,

154

176

XII.—

Erysipelas of face.....

Erysipelas of right cheek,

...

Erysipelas of left ear,

Erysipelas of both ears,

...

Erysipelas and abscess of left forearm..

Erysipelas of left thigh and leg,

Carbuncle of the neck and of left shoulder,...

Carbuncle of dorsal region, right side,

Anæmia and chronic ulcer of left thigh,

Cyst of left external car,

Chronic ulcer of right ankle-joint and Anæmia, Perineal Abscess,

Wounds and Injuries.—

Compound fracture of left toe,

Incised wound of lower jaw,

Contusion of right lumbar region, from a fall,...

Contused wound of head,....

Contused wound of forehead (left side),

Contused wounds from flogging,..

Gluteal abscess after flogging,...

Unclassed.

General Debility,

Unknown or Unrecognized.-

Observation,

...

***

TOTAL,...

244

271

***

•

***

...

***

...

Other deaths-1 Indian executed.

-2 Chinese hanged themselves in the cells.

L. P. MARQUES,

Medical Officer.

498

Table X.-N.-Shewing CASES not ADMITTED to HOSPITAL, treated by the MEDICAL OFFICER, during the Year 1894.

Coloured

DISEASES.

Europeans.

Chinese.

TOTAL.

Persons.

Remaining under treatment 1st January, 1894,

I.-

Remittent Fever,

II-

Chronic Rheumatism of limbs,

Roseola (Secondary Syphilis),

Ecthyma (Syphilitic),

Ulceration of nasal bones (Tertiary Syphilis),

Ulcers of left thigh and dorsal region (Tertiary Syphilis), Ulcers of both thighs and left shoulder (Tertiary Syphilis),

III.-

Trichiasis of left eyelid,

Conjunctivitis of left eye, Chemosis of right eye,

•

Keratitis of left eye,

Keratitis of right cornea,

Opacity of right cornea,

Opacity of both cornea caused by trichiasis,

Ulcer of both cornea,

Otorrhoea of left ear,

Otorrhoea of right ear,.

Unsound mind,.

Epistaxis,

Locomotor Ataxy,

Hysteria,

IV.-

Hypertrophy of heart,..

Aortic regurgitation, Edema of both feet,

V & VI-

Tonsilitis,

Sympathetic Bubo of right groin, Sympathetic Bubo of left groin,

VII.-

Asthma,.

Bronchitis,

Tubercles of left lung,

Pulmonary Phthisis,

VIII-

Gum-boil,

Caries of right upper molar teeth_(Extracted), Caries of left lower molar teeth (Extracted),

Caries of right lower molar teeth (Extracted),. Fissures of tongue and warts of anus,

External Hæmorrhoids,

Internal Hæmorrhoids,

Fissures of anus,

Ulceration of anus,

Anal Abscess,

Anal fistula,

Warts of anus (Extirpated),

Jaundice,

Diarrhoea,...

Ascites,...

•

Reducible Inguinal hernia, right side,

Reducible Inguinal hernia, left side,

IX & X.-

Balanitis,

Gonorrhoea,

Gonorrhoea and phimosis,

Gonorrhoea and soft chancre,

Gonorrhoea and Syphilitic ulceration of neck,

Gleet,

Soft chancre,.

Soft chancre and bubo of right groin,

Soft chancre and bubo of left groin,

Soft chancre and reducible inguinal hernia, left side,

Phagedenic chancre,

Stricture of urethra, .

Warts of penis,..

Edema of

prepuce

•

1 (F)

30 1 2

132

312

1 CO 2

1 (F)

ล

121

Carried forward,.

121

143

TABLE X.-N-Shewing CASES not ADMITTED to HOSPITAL,-Continued.

DISEASES.

499

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese.

TOTAL.

Brought forward,

Soft chancre and bubo both groin,.

Abrasion of penis,

Orchitis of left testicle,

Bubo of right groin (venereal),

Bubo of left groin (venereal),

•

XI.-

Abscess of neck,

of right eye lid,

of lower jaw,

• • •

of right forearm,

•

of pointing finger of right hand,

of right hand,.

of left hand,

of right thumb,

of left thumb,.

of little finger of left hand,

of gluteal region,

of left leg,

of right ankle-joint,

of right toe,

of left foot,..

of left plantar surface,

of right plantar surfaces,

• •

of both plantar surface,

Caries of bone of left thigh and Genera ldebility,

XII.-

Scabies,

Ringworm,

Impetigo of head,

Eczema,

Eczema of head,

...

Eczema of left hand,

Eczema of abdomen and thighs,

Eczema of lumbar region,

Eczema of gluteal region,

Eczema of both legs,

Chronic Eczema of right leg,

Warts of palm of left hand,

Chronic ulcer of left leg,.

Cystic tumor of pointing finger of left hand,

Whitlow of middle finger of left hand,

Whitlow of pointing finger of left hand,

Carbuncle of right shoulder,

Furunculus of upper lip,

Boil of face,

Boil of right chest,

Boil of right shoulder,

Boil of left shoulder,

Boil of left axilla,

Boil of right arm,

Boil of left arm, Boil of lumbar region, Boil of dorsal region, Boil over pubic region, Boil of gluteal region,. Boil of right thigh, Boil of left leg, Ulcer of left thigh,

Ulcer of right leg,

...

•

of left heel,

of right foot,

Ulceration of little toe of right foot,

Chronic ulcer of right leg,

121

143

•...•

22271NNN - 05

11.

2 *

of both legs,

of right foot,...

Carried forward,....

319

348

* One of them is Female.

€500

TABLE X.-N.--Shewing CASES not ADMITTED to HOSPITAL,-Continued.

DISEASES.

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese.

TOTAL.

Brought forward,.

319

348

Wounds and Injuries.

Simple fracture of right forearm,

Fracture of left clavicle,

Scald of right shoulder,

Ganglion of left hand,.

Abrasion of lips,

Abrasion of right shoulder,.

Abrasion of right thumb,

Abrasion of left dorsal region,

Abrasion of left leg,...

Abrasion of both thighs,.

Abrasion of left gluteal region,

Abrasion of right toe,

Abrasion of left plantar surface,

Abrasion of both plantar surfaces,

Blister of right hand,

Blister of fingers of left hand,

Blister of fingers of both hands,.

Blister of right thumb,

Blister of pointing finger of right hand,

Blister of ring finger of right hand, Blister of left foot,

Blister of left toc,

1 (F)

•

• •

•

Blister of left plantar surface,..

Blister of both plantar surfaces,..

Extraction of a gun shot of left thigh,

Extraction of a gun shot of right thigh,

Contusion of face,.

Contusion of right forearm,

Contusion of right wrist,

Contusion of left hand,

Contusion of ankle-joint,.

Contusion of lumbar region from a fall,

Contusion of left foot,

Punctured wound of right foot,

Incised wound of middle finger of right hand,.

Incised wound of right hand,

1 (F)

•

1 (F)

Incised wound of right plantar surface,.

•

Incised wound of left plantar surface,

Contused wound of head,

Contused wound of left eyelid,

Contused wound of face,

Contused wound of nose and chronic ulcer of both legs,

Contused wound of right point finger,

Contused wound of middle finger of right hand,

Contused wound of left toe,

Contused wound of right foot,

Abscess of right foot,

Contused wounds of right toe,

Contused wound of second toe of left foot,

Contused wound and fracture of second toe of left foot,

Contused wounds from flogging,

Chronic ulcer of left foot,

Abscess of fourth toe of right foot,.

Conjunctivitis of both eyes,.

Unclassed.

Delirium Tremens,

Alcoholism,

Unknown or unrecognized.

Observation,

177

178

::::

4 (F)

TOTAL,...

567

614

* One of them is Female.

501

Table XI.-0.-Shewing the RATE of SICKNESS and MORTALITY in VICTORIA GAOL, during the year 1894.

Daily

Percentage

·Rate of sickness.

Rate of mortality.

To Total No. of admissions to Gaol.

To Daily

Total No. of Prisoners admitted to Gaol.

Total

average

sick

sick,

number of

trifling

Total deaths.

Prisoners.

of serious sickness to

total.

Hospital. cases.

To Total No. of admissions to Gaol.

To Daily average.

3,913

455

271

614

6.925

6.963

5.989

1.277

1.098

average.

L. P. MARQUES.

Table XI.--P.--Shewing OPIUM SMOKERS ADMITTED into HOSPITAL and TREATED by the MEDICAL OFFICER

during the Year 1894.

DISEASE.

Remaining under treatment 1st January, 1894,—

Anemia, Nos. 28, 43, 63, 68,

Observation, Nos. 55, 65, 71, 72, 75,

Pulmonary Phthisis and Dysentery, No. 60,. Abscess of right plantar surface, No. 76, Bronchitis, No. 82,

ADMISSION.

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese.

Total.

*12

TOTAL,..

L. P. MARQUES.

502

Table XIa.-M.-CASES admitted to VICTORIA GAOL HOSPITAL, at the first MEDICAL EXAMINATION by the MEDICAL OFFICER, during the year 1894.

SENTENCE.

No.

DISEASES.

DATE OF ADMISSION.

DATE OF DISCHARGE.

REMARKS.

Years. M'ths. Days.

:997:

102 004 10 CO E ∞0 —

Unsound mind, (observation),

17th Jan.

25th Jan.

General Debility and Pulmonary congestion, 22nd Bronchitis,

23rd

Pulmonary Phthisis, left lung,

16th Feb.

Soft chancre,

5th March

Observation,

15th

Do.,

29th

31st

23rd

8th Feb. 21st

6th April

19th March

General Debility and abscess of dorsal region,

Erysipelas of right cheek,

2nd April

7th April

6th

16th

כן

CCNA a .moɔ

Do.,

►

Unsound mind, (observation),

Epilepsy, (observation),

Unsound mind, (observation),. Observation,

10th

12th

1st May

1st

2nd

7th May 5th

7th

18th

11th June

Bubonic Plague,

19th

21st May

Phimosis and soft chancre,

26th

9th July

Fibroid tumour of perinæum (extirpated), ..

30th

6th June

Observation,

30th

18th

Do.,

30th

12th

Anal fistula,

31st

29th Aug.

Unsound mind, (observation),

31st

6th June

Observation,

2nd June

20th

Do.,

4th

25th

Do.,

21st

22nd

Do.,

21st

22nd

Soft chancre and anæmia,

21st

•

Observation,

Do.,

28th

2nd July

27th 17th July

4th

وو

•

Do.,

3rd

23rd

Do.,

3rd

23rd

Abscess of neck (left side),

5th

11th

Observation,

9th

11th

Do.,

10th

30th

Do.,

10th

30th

Diarrhoea and General debility,

11th

16th

Anaemia,

26th

Observation,

3rd Aug.

31st 22nd Aug.

Do.,

6th

25th

Do.,

7th

27th

Do.,

7th

27th

Anæmia,

8th

Anæmia,

18th

RAA

1st Oct. 22nd Aug.

.43

:::99998:

42 Anæmia,

Observation,

Pulmonary Phthisis and dysentery,

Unsound mind, (observation),.

Observation,

Do., Do., Anæmia,

21st

10th Sept.

1st Sept.

Died 11.9.91.

3rd

10th Sept.

5th

1st Oct. 24th Sept.

5th

24th

22.

5th

24th

6th

17th

Observation, Do.,

10th

29th

•

13th

1st Oct.

Anæmia,

Unsound mind, (observation),.

12th Oct. 16th

5th Nov.

24th Oct.

Chronic Pneumonic Phthisis, Observation,

27th

2nd Nov.

Died 17.11.94.

Do.,

2nd 5th

12th Nov. 12th

15th

Do.,

5th

15th

Do.,

5th

15th

Anæmia,

8th

19th

SOCJONISR

Bronchitis,

10th

15th

Unsound mind, (observation),

13th

15th

Bronchitis,..

13th

15th

Observation,

22nd

24th

Locomotor ataxy, (observation),

6th Dec.

Observation,

7th

8th Dec. 13th

Asthma,

8th

18th

Intermittent Fever,

19th

20th

Soft sure,

27th

L. P. MARQUES.

}

Total number of Prisoners

admitted to Gaol.

•

Europeans.

Indians.

Chinese.

Total.

3,913

1 244 .271

Table XIb.-L.-Shewing the NUMBER and PERCENTAGE of PRISONERS ADMITTED into Victoria Ġaol HOSPITAL, on the First examination by the MEDICAL OFFICER, during the year 1894.

Sick in Hospital.

Admitted to Hospital on First Medical examination.

Percentage of Hospital cases on

First Medical

examination.

Percentage of Hospital cases on First Medical ex.

Europeans. Chinese.

Europeans.

Indians.

Chinese.

Total.

1.788

To total Gaol

admissions.

To total Hospital

cases.

To total Hospital

cases.

To total Hospital

cases.

2.583

19.23

26.63

L. P. MARQUES.

505

504

Table XIc.-Q.-Showing the WEIGHTS of PRISONERS (OPIUM SMOKERS,) for the First Four Weeks' Confinement in VICTORIA GAOL, during the Year 1894.

ΝΟ. AGE.

LENGTH OF TIME OPIUM SMOKER.

CONSUMPTION

PER DIEM.

WEIGHT WHEN ADMITTED.

WEIGHT FIRST FOUR WEEKS.

REMARKS.

Years.

Mace.

lbs.

Ihs.

RAHONNNX

137

Ibs. 138 135 132

ths.

Ibs.

132

100 101

102

111

109

112

108

104

101

102

100

102

101

99 100

128

122

118

119

120

101

103

101

103

101

114

113

115

114

103

105

118

115

111

109

108

106

105

107

méca

100

2972****ARRAMA 0101108*

112

110

113

114

118

117 116

118

114

118

115

117

115.

116

114

113

114

113

107

105

102

115

114

112

110

113

112

111

110

109

110

112

108 110

108

111

107

106

105

110

-for-for

104

102 103

101

STORAGE***SEGRIA-BANNEREA 28

128

125

124

125

126

109

107

106

107

103

101

100

102

100

102

100

119

115

114

112

110

117

115

113

115

112

118

121

120 119

120

-30

1초

112

107

109

107

105

110

107 108

106

100

102

101

103 103

102

104

105

108

106

. 93

103

104

105

-2-2

101

100

Died 11.9.94 at 11 p.m.

104

103

101

100

120

119

120

117

101

105

103

101

110

111-

110

111

102

101

100

104

102

126

130

128

126

123

105

102

104

102

107

104

110

113

108

104

109

107

105

102

109

101 104

.108

111

115 112

107

105

104 103 103

Remaining in Hos- pital 31st Dec.,

1893.

Table XII.-STATISTICS relating to the TUNG WA HOSPITAL, during the Year 1894.

No. of Cases Treated in the Hospital, 1894.

No. of Patients Dis- charged during the year 1894.

Died during the year 1894.

No. of Out-Patients treated during

Moribund Cases,

1894.

the year 1894.

505

Remaining in Hos- pital 31st Dec.,

1894.

83 20 105 1,872 4822,354 1,045 214 1,259

821 271 1,092

76,823 47,271 | 124,094 313 153 466 91

Male.

Female.

Total.

12424

17 108

Table XIII.-CASES of SMALL-Pox treated at the TUNG WA HOSPITAL, during the Year 1894.

Remaining in Hospital Admitted during 1894.

31st December, 1893.

Discharged 1894.

Died 1894.

Remaining in Hospital 31st December, 1894.

Male. Female. ] Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. | Female. Total.

Nil.

Nil. Nil. 19

39 12

Nil. Nil. Nil.

Table XIV.-VACCINATION performed during the Year 1894 by TRAVELLING VACCINATORS

of the TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

In the City of Victoria.

1,971

In Out-Districts.

133

Total.

2,104

Table XV.-LOCK HOSPITAL.

TABLE A.

SHEWING the ADMISSIONS into the GOVERNMENT LOCK HOSPITAL, during the 37 Years of its Existence, with the Number of DIETS issued

and the AVERAGE LENGTH of TREATMENT.

ADMISSIONS.

NUMBER OF DIETS ISSUED.

AVERAGE NUMBER OF Days Treated:

1858,

124

1858,

4,797

1858,.

43 8

1859,

162

1859...

5,389

1859,

30.8

1860,

361

1860,.

9,107

1860,

23.7

1861,

442

1861

.... 10.778

1861.

28.4

1862,

485

1862,

12,193

1862,

22.0

1863,

420

1863,

11,707

1863,

23.7

1864,

442

1864,

11,940

1864,.

27 0

1865,

390

1865

11.203.

1865..

28 0

1866.

406

1866.

13,060

1866.

286

1867,

434

1867.

13,120

1867,.

*. 25 5

1868,

579

1868

16,462

1868,.

23.6

1869,

546

1869.

16.779 1869.

24 8

1870,

722

1870,.

18.382 1870,.

23.1

1871,

593

1871,

12,508

1871,

18.5

1872,

656

1872,.

15,103

1872,

209

1873,

500

1873,

.......

11.219

1873,

19,5

1874,

345

1874,

6,814

1874,

186

1875,

134

1875,

2.916

1875,

18.7

1876,

168 1876,.

.2.730

1876,

14.3

1877,

177 1877,

3,069

1877,

16.6

1878,

105 .1878,.

2,242

1878,

19.0

'1879,

129

1879,

2.199

1879,

136

1880,

1,300

1880.

14.7

1881, .............

1881.

1.330

1881.

21,7

1882,

1.831

1882.

15.5

1883,

273

1883,

3.451

1883,

12.0

1884,

325 1884,

5,174

1884.

13.1

1885,

411

1885,

6,161

1885,

15.6.

1886,

401

1886.

4,837

1885.

12.2

144.

1887,

2,014

1887,.

13.9

1888,

66 1888,

1,616

1888,

24.4

1889,

1,540

1889,

183

-1890,

82 1890,.

1.660 1890,

200

1891,

1891.

2.041

1891,

25.5

1892,

2.392

1892.

36.8

1893,

63 1893..

1,568

1893..

24 8.

1894, (during first 5 months),

884

1894, (during first 5 months), .

29.2

506

Number of Beds in Lock Hospital.

Number admitted

to Hospital on Certificates of Visiting Surgeon.

27*

TABLE B.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.

KETURN of the NUMBER of PROSTITUTES during the First 5 Months of the Year 1894.

Total Number of Examinations made.

Number who submitted

Total Number brought under

voluntarily.

the Provisions of the Ordinance.

350

4,623

350

Total Number of Examinations made when no Disease was found.

4,601

NUMBER DISCHARged from HOSPITAL.

No. discharged free from Discase who

still follow their former Pursuits.

27*

Number who have returned to their Friends or Emigrated.

Total Number Discharged.

27*

327

* 2 were not suffering from Contagious Diseases.

TABLE C.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES RETURN for the First 5 Months of the Year 1894.

Total No. of Females

Admitted

into Lock Military Naval Police Civil

Hospital. Hospital. Hospital. Hospital.|Hospital.

TOTAL NUMBER OF MEN DISEASED ADMITTED INTO

Total No. of Men Diseased.

Soldiers. Seamen. Police.

AVERAGE NUMBER OF MEN IN GARRISON AND PORT (per month).

Mer- chant Seamen.

Average Average No. of Men Percentage in Garrison of Men. and Port Diseased (per month). (per month).

REMARKS.

Average No. of days per month on which Exami- nations were held.

Total Number of

Ex uminations

made.

441'

2,764

051

14,319 17,784

0.497

·TABLE D.

RETURN of WOMEN examined and treated in the GOVERNMENT LOCK HOSPITAL during the First 5 Months of the Year 1894.

EXAMINATION.

HOSPITAL.

DISCHARGED.

Number admitted

to Hospital.

Total Number of Examinations made when no Di-]

sease was found.

DISEASES.

Every day,

Sundays and Government. holidays excepted.

4,623

24*

4,601

Primary Syphilis, uncomplicated, Gonorrhoea,

do..

Leucorrhoea and Warts combined, Abscess.

Secondary Syphilis..........................

TOTAL...

* 2 were not suffering from Conta, ious Diseases,

No, remaining in

Hospital, 31st December, 1893,

Admitted.

Total Treated.

TABLE E.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES RETURN for the First 5 Months of the Year 1894.

DISEASES.

Primary Syphilis, including Chancres Molles,

Gonorrhoea, uncomplicated,

Do., and Primary Syphilis, combined,

Secondary Syphilis,

Gonorrhoea and Secondary Syphilis,..

Primary and Secondary Syphilis and Gonorrhea,

Gleet,..

Military Hospital.

Naval

Hospital.

Police IIospital.

Civil Hospital.

*150

†140

No returns sent.

TOTAL,..

.1894,.................

327

TOTAL,

.1893.......

596

TOTAL,.

TOTAL,

.1892,......

..1891,......

583.

452

* 4 Not contracted in the Colony.

174

127

129

Cured.

No. remaining in

Hospital.

January,

February,

March,

April,..

May,

TABLE E. 2.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES ORDINANCE.

TABLE shewing the Number of MILITARY MEN admitted into MILITARY HOSPITAL during the

First 5 Months of the Year 1894.

Months.

SECONDARY SYPHILIS.

Contracted in Hongkong.

Contracted elsewhere.

Total.

Total Number,.......

Table XVI.-Shewing the Rate of MORTALITY among the FOREIGN RESIDENTS in Hongkong

during the last 10 Years.

507

Years.

Number of European and American Residents.

Deaths.

Percentage of Deaths to Number of Residents.

1885,

3,040

3.25

1886,

3,040

103

3.38

1887,

3,040

108

3.55

1888,

3,040

122

4.01

1889,

3,040

1890,

3,040

1891,

4,195

1892,

4,195

1899,

4,195

885

12 83

3.06

3.12

1.36

1.79

2.22

1894,

4,195

105

2.53

Average of 10 Years,......

35,020

950

2.82

508

Enclosure 1.

Report of the Acting Superintendent of the Civil Hospital.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL, HONGKONG, May, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the Annual Report on the work done in the Government Civil Hospital, the Lunatic Asylums, and the Epidemic Hospitals during the year 1894.

1. Before speaking on these institutions in detail a few remarks are called for on some matters of general interest to the Medical Department. At the present moment there is no necessity to dwell particularly on the fact that 1894 has been the most important year that the Medical Department has gone through, and to my mind it will be some considerable time, if ever, before we are called on to face such difficulties again. Some of these difficulties I have mentioned in my report on the Epidemic of Bubonic Plague already published. Others, although interesting and peculiar from a personal point of view, do not come within the scope of this report. I would suggest, however, that the Government consider whether the following officers should receive at least a bonus for work done during that trying time:-

Steward, Mr. R. CHAPMAN. Wardmaster,-Mr. L. E. BRETT.

Apothecaries' Assistants,-Mr. U I KAI and Mr. CHAN KAM-TSUN. Clerks, Mr. LEUNG FU-CHU and Mr. LEUNG PINg-fai.

Wardmaster,. Lunatic Asylums,-Mr. D. G. CUMMING.

2. I have already mentioned the Steward's work in my plague report. The other servants men- tioned above all had excessively long hours of work-work which in the early days of the epidemic was about as filthy and disgusting as could well be imagined and more revolting than most civilized people can have any idea of. The clean and well conducted hospitals which visitors saw during the latter days of June gave the ordinary medical globe-trotter the idea that plague work in Hongkong was rather interesting and almost luxurious. What that work was in the middle of May is only known to a select few who, I daresay, don't want to have any more experience of it. Honour and duty entered largely into the matter with superior officers, but to some of those who have little or no promotion to look forward to I consider that money remuneration is necessary. If this is not given in such cases much ill-feeling is engendered, as our outside helpers were paid very large salaries for less than half the work done (generally not so well) by our subordinates, who in most cases got no extra remuneration. Many a time we could only get work done by "flogging the tired horse" with the inevitable result that the tired horse became permanently injured.

3. After the plague had been satisfactorily got rid of a Medical Commission was appointed to con- sider certain matters in this Department. Their report has not yet been made public, but I must say that some of the questions submitted for their decision were questions which are generally left to the executive officers alone. Delay in many things often leads to one being unable to carry out schemes which may frequently be carried to success before anything is known about them by outsiders. It is satisfactory to know that from report there is a strong probability of the Medical Department being largely increased to meet the extra demands that for the last year or two have been put upon it. One important matter which might have received attention is the present unsatisfactory state of the Pension Rules in the Civil Medical Service. Rules similar to those of the Army and Navy are the very least that ought to govern the question of pension to those who have to serve their whole time in the Tropics. The radical improvements in this matter in the Army and Navy were brought about by the agitation of the British medical papers, and it is to be hoped that no such agitation should be necessary in cases where it is apparent to any one that the conditions of life in the Public Service are of a much more arduous and enervating character. To take an example: before I can claim a pension here, I will have to serve for 33 years-pleasant prospect in this salubrious island! I would also point out that Army medical officers here draw much larger salaries-there is no necessity to talk about the relative amount of work; it is well known.

4. The subject of alcoholism and venery I pay more attention to under the heading of the Govern ment Civil Hospital. The great monthly increase up till the 1st of September still proves that the British public is still subject to panic, and I regret to be one to have to announce this. The statis- tics I give show the increase, but give only a faint idea of the amount of alcoholism which pervaded the Colony during the plague period. At that time many who are returned under other headings- principally Digestive "were alcoholic on admission, whilst, for the first time in my experience here, two deaths have to be recorded under the heading "alcoholism". There is no doubt that a great deal of the drinking was brought about by the scare caused by the appearance of the disease and that it was not a coincidence but a consequence. The increase of venereal disease during the first nine

►

509

months of the year is a matter which must be carefully put on record, and it strikes me the day is not far off when Great Britain will rue the day the Contagious Diseases Act was abolished. Many more out-patients were attended than usual because we had only room for admission of urgent venereal cases. The opium question in India was standing on a perilous footing for some time until the Com- mission was fortunately appointed which has had no hesitation in jumping on the absurd views of those people who pity the "poor degraded Indian." I trust that in the interests of every Colony in the East the British Government will soon see the necessity of appointing a Commission to take evidence on and judge the contagious diseases question on its merits. The most noticeable fact about the alcohol plague was that during the trying summer when passing the low class "pubs" in Queen's Road the places were practically deserted, so I conclude that a lot of the drinking must have been done privately.

5. I am glad to say that the morphia injection trade appears to me to have received a severe check from the legislation made to prevent it. I noticed extremely few cases during the plague epidemic where one saw numerous marks of injection and only one case where they were very apparent and had caused troubled. In this patient the numerous punctures on the front of the thigh had produced an eczematous condition of the skin and a femoral bubo in the right groin. He was sent in as a case of plague, but a careful examination soon led one to conclude that the bubo was the result of the irrita- tion. Most exemplary penalties were imposed on the people caught by the Police, and there seems reason to hope that the practice will never again reach the huge dimensions in Hongkong to which this pernicious habit had attained. I have a notion, however, that instead of its reaching the Chinese brain by the hypodermic method it is introduced by the stomach. In any case it will now be extre- mely difficult to keep morphia from the Chinese.

6. Another point that merits attention is the increase of tubercular disease amongst the Chinese here. During last year we had many more cases of phthisis admitted than usual, and the deaths from phthisis and general tuberculosis were numerous. During the plague epidemic a great number of sick were brought up to Hospital for examination who were suffering from every kind of disease, and perhaps this seive action accounts for part of the increase in tubercular cases, but in my opinion it does not account for all. There is, in my mind, no doubt that tubercle is increasing here, and I am afraid it will keep on increasing, as no disinfecting process is at present possible when one considers the primitive methods of disposal of expectoration at present in use amongst the natives in Hongkong. The carrying out of the new laws anent overcrowding will undoubtedly have a beneficial effect so far as tubercle is concerned, whilst the efforts at house scavenging and disinfection which have been inaugurated since the plague epidemic are also bound to assist in the direction of prevention of this disease.

7. I have already mentioned to you the desirability of having a medical inspection of ricksha and chair coolies before they receive licences. Many of those poor wretches are physically incapable of doing hard work and woe betide some of them when they get drunken Jacks as fares. I have seen many evidently suffering from cardiac and respiratory disease who at the end of a short journey are fitter for the hospital ward than for running between the shafts of a public vehicle. By granting licences only to those who are certified as physically able for their work the public would be greatly benefited and it would also be a kindness to the weaker coolies who ought to try to procure lighter work. Medical examination need not take up much time and could quite easily be done, say, by the Medical Officer of Health.

The

8. What to do with many of our sick and indigent Chinese is daily becoming a serious question. Without making Hongkong the dumping ground of the Kwangtung Province, I think it quite possible to have some institution where "chronics" might have a tub or some sound food. Chinese community might be asked to supply the funds for running the place, and some responsible Government officer should be placed in charge. The number of maimed Chinese patients who do not want to leave the Government Civil Hospital is occasionally large, and I hope that next time any of our local philanthropists are "on the job" they will establish a charity fund for use in these cases; then one can begin to speak about charity.

1. GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL.

HOSPITAL BUILDINGS.

9. The ravages of white ants have again caused great trouble in the lower block of the Hospital more especially in Wards XII, XIV and XVI; and I think that the possibility of replacing the wooden beams by iron ones should be seriously considered whenever repairs are again wanted. If these wards require to be shut up at a busy time of the year great inconvenience is caused.

Ward VII, the old female ward, has been slightly altered and fitted up as an operating theatre, a boon which can only be appreciated by those who had to operate under the old system in the wards, where proper arrangements for operations could not possibly be made. A few more instruments are, however, wanted to further perfect arrangements.

510

10. There is still the pressing want of a good laundry for the Hospital. The complaints last year on the score of bad washing of clothes were as numerous as ever. The contract for the present year has been given to a Japanese washerman in the public laundry, but owing to his having to employ a lot of Chinamen I cannot say so far that the quality of the washing has improved.

HOSPITAL STAFF.

11. There has been little change in the permanent staff during the year. intendent of the Hospital, left for long leave in England on March 1st from of the year I acted as Superintendent.

Dr. ATKINSON, the Super- which date until the end

During the plague epidemic Dr. W. F. C. Lowson, Dr. J. F. MOLYNEUX, Surgeon PENNY, R.N., and Surgeon-Major JAMES assisted in the Hospital work as occasion demanded, in addition to getting through their ordinary plague duties. Surgeons MEADEN and BEARBLOCK, R.N., whose duty was mainly that of inspecting the junks, also rendered willing help on numerous emergencies when they were called on.

12. We were very fortunate in having our nursing staff reinforced on 9th May, just before our diffi- culties with the plague commenced, by the arrival from England of Miss BARKER (Sister ELIZABETH) and Miss PENRUDDOCKE (Sister MARGARET). I have already in my plague report given my opinion as to the valuable services of all the Sisters during that trying time and would only here repeat that their services were of the greatest value during the year. There could only be one result of their hard work, viz., that they must suffer as far as health was concerned, and I regret to say that several of them have been occasionally off duty owing to sickness since the termination of the epidemic. We have been blamed once or twice for allowing them to do disagreeable plague work, but when it is remembered that no one else but our own staff would put their shoulders to the wheel it will be apparent that patients and dead bodies would have been accumulating by the scores in the hospitals and a state of affairs created which would have been anything but creditable to a British Colony. It was at this period that our Sisters had their chance, and how they took advantage of it is already well known by the community here. The Wardmasters, BRETT, GIDLEY and MCKILLOP, also worked hard. I am also glad to say that we have Chinese, with us in the Medical Department who can get through any amount of work that may be going about such as our clerks, dispensers and one or two of the head "boys." A little fortiter in re treatment was occasionally required and by judiciously combining it with the suaviter in modo (in the shape of extra wages) we were enabled to retain most of our good workers during the summer.

WORK DONE DURING THE YEAR.

The usual tables are appended for reference-

I. Showing the admissions into and deaths in the Government Civil Hospital during each

month of the year, of the Police.

II. Showing the rate of sickness and mortality in the Police Force during the year.

III. Police return of admissions to Hospital from each district during the year.

V. General return of the sick treated in the Hospital.

Va. Surgical operations performed during the year.

Vb. Zymotic diseases, sub-group 1.

Vc.

Vd. Diagram showing number of cases of Malarial Fever occurring amongst the members

of the Police Force admitted in each month of the year.

Ve. Zymotic diseases, sub-group 3.

Vf.

vg.

VI. Showing the rate of mortality in the Government Civil Hospital during the last 10

years.

VII. Showing the admissions into and deaths in the Government Civil Hospital during each

month of the year.

VIIa. The aggregate monthly number of patients visited in the Hospital daily for the last

three years.

VIIb. Table of admissions into and deaths in the Lunatic Asylums during the year.

VIIc. Table of admissions into and deaths in the Small-pox Hospital and Epidemic Hulk

year.

Hygeia during the

13. The number of in-patients admitted during the year was 1,963, an increase of 128 as compared with 1893; of the 1,963, 1,709 were males and 254 females. The number of deaths was 101, the death rate percentage being 5.14. During the previous year the death rate was 3.65 per cent. The increase is due to (1) plague deaths, (2) the search parties sending in all sick and moribund people on the off chance of their being plague, and (3) the number of serious accidents. The number of patients who died within twenty-four hours after admission was 23, whilst 17 more died within forty- eight hours.

511

The number of out-patients was abnormally large, as the second reason given above for the increased death rate applied to some extent to those who had trifling ailments. The number of pre- scriptions (5,993) issued does not adequately represent the amount of work done in the out-patient department.

The average daily number in Hospital was 88.06 as against 79.3 in the preceding twelve months. 14. Of the 101 deaths the following is a list of the principal causes :--

Tubercular Disease,

Enteric Fever, Meningitis,

Injuries,

Pneumonia,

Opium Poisoning,

Gunshot Wounds,

Cerebral Hæmorrhage, Plague,

Bright's Disease,

Severe Burns,

15. Police.-There were 505 admissions from the Police Force during the year, a decrease of 17. The number of sick European inembers was 7 less, Indians 11 less, and Chinese 1 more than in 1893. There were 15 deaths-4 Indians and 11 Chinese; 7 of the Chinese died from plague, 21 ndians com- mitted suicide, and 1 Indian and 1 Chinese were shot.

16. Gaol Officers.-From the Gaol we had 66 admissions. The principal causes, as usual, were "Gaol Dyspepsia" (Arcoholic Gastritis), venereal and malarial diseases. During the winter months several cases of influenza were admitted, but the type of this disease was mild.

The main causes for admission were as follows :-

Plague,

Intermittent Fever, Remittent Fever, Enteric Fever, Venereal Disease, Alcoholism,

Dysentery,

....

Nervous System,

Respiratory System, Digestive System,

Organs of Locomotion,

Various Injuries,

35 .....177

... 67

272

70-

.146

199

...186

...132

The remittent fever cases are

17. The intermittent fever cases show a diminution of almost 100. also reduced, 81 being the number during the previous year. I regret to say that enteric fever seems on the increase, so far as our Hospital statistics go, as 8 more cases were treated in 1894 than in 1893. Of the 21 admitted it will be seen that 3 died, a somewhat high death rate from enteric, but only to be expected when so many come for treatment late in the disease.

I have mentioned that 272 cases of venereal disease do not represent the total number of cases treated as owing to our being frequently short of beds last year many were treated in the out-patient department who would as a rule have been admitted to Hospital, such as cases of syphilitic lesions of a mild type, buboes, &c.

The alcoholic cases I have already spoken about.

18. The number of admissions of cases of dysentery went up to 61, an increase of 11, and of that number 2 died both being long standing cases not, however, of the nature of Psilosis. One of them was only twenty hours in Hospital before death, being moribund on admission. During the year the dysenteric cases were treated on the most simple lines. These were as follows:-In the acute congestive or inflammatory stage by sulphate of magnesia; in the acute ulcerative stage by castor oil followed by opium and ipecacuanha; in a few instances preceded by a short course of sulphate of magnesia to relieve any inflammatory mischief which might attend the ulceration; whilst in the chronic stage of ulceration enteroclysis was the remedy almost solely used. The amount of equal parts of saturated boracic solution and hot water which was injected into the bowel by siphon action in the latter case was always about two pints, sometimes up to four, and was continued until the patient had an uncomfortable sensation in his belly. The patient lay on his left side with his buttocks well elevated so as to favour the filling of the whole of the lower intestine. Milk and soda was the only food allowed, and in my experience cases treated locally in this manner did far better than those who previously were treated by drugs or by small boracic injections which seldom got further up than the Sigmoid Flexure. The irrigator pan ought not to be more than three feet above the patient's buttocks, and no danger will arise in cases of serious ulceration. This fills the large bowel just as effectually as-often more so than the long tube, which is often a most dangerous instrument to use in these cases.

512

The more experience of dysentery I get the more do I abominate what I can only term "fiddle sticking"-jumping treatment from one drug to another every other day and month. There are many diarrhoeas which are classed as dysentery where the amoeba coli is absent but where straining and blood may be present. Foeter is often great and in these cases what might be termed a "high state of affairs is present in the bowel. In these cases a dose of castor oil followed by the regular use of some intestinal antiseptic such as salol, naphthol or arsenite of copper generally brings about early improvement. The great difficulty always arises in getting sailors persuaded to remain on milk diet long enough. When the case has been a long standing one the sailor ought to seek shore employment for a time, as relapses are almost sure to follow a resumption of "salt junk" and rum. I give these views in the full knowledge that treatment of dysentery is generally one of the last things one should dogmatise about.

19. Beri-beri. Twenty cases were admitted during the year and there were no deaths from this disease. Some cases from the China Navigation boat Chingtu led me to investigation on board the ship. It was found that for several voyages, small epidemic of beri-beri had broken out at different periods. New men were generally shipped in Japan, and it was usually on the way down to Australia that new cases cropped up-on that particular voyage two men had died from beri-beri. This simply goes to show that the most careful disinfecting measures should be taken to prevent recurrence of the disease. In the case of the Chingtu an efficient disinfection by carbolic acid was recommended, in addition to afterwards shipping a new crew; and I am informed by Messrs. Butterfield & Swire's representative that the results have been most favourable. A similar case of infection of a ship by Beri-beri occurred on board the Canadian Pacific boat Abyssinia when I was surgeon on board. The Chinese firemen's fo'c'sle became infected and every trip to Vancouver produced cases of beri-beri, two particular bunks always supplying patients. Disinfection was carried out by corrosive sublimate solution, but even to the last a case occasionally cropped up. The solution of carbolic acid should be strong-1 in 5 or thereabouts-and freely applied; do not mind burting the woodwork. In a case of well marked infection it will always be a good investment for owners to tear out the woodwork, more especially if it is old, and replace it with new material. This is what would have been done on the Abyssinia had I had the experience I have at present, but the good old craft was most effectually disinfected later on, as two years ago she was burned to the water's edge and now reposes at the bottom of the deep in Mid-Atlantic.

Several of the cases were of a subacute type and were much more severe than the usual type of the disease met with in Hongkong. Dr. W. W. MYERS, of Taiwanfoo, saw two such cases when visiting here and he remarked that they were very like those of pernicious malarial attacks he frequently met with in Southern Formosa and which were attended by prominent nervous symptoms. Although these were out of the common for Hongkong I think he was persuaded they were bonâ fide cases of beri-beri.

20. In addition to those operated upon the following fractures were treated :—

Fracture of Femur,

Patella,

.4 (1 dislocated at knee).

..1

..3 (1 compound).

Tibia,

Tibia & Fibula,.

Carpus (Compound),

Humerus,

..3

Humerus & Ulna,...

..1

Humerus & Femur,

..1

Radius,

Radius & Ulna,.

Ulna,

Carpal & Metacarpals,

.2 (1 compound).

..2 (1 compound).

Base of Skull,

..8

Skull,.....

..5 (all compound).

Skull (Compound) & Clavicle,

......1

Skull (Compound) & Lower Jaw, ...1

Skull & Femur,

Skull & both Femurs,

Skull & Pelvis,

Ribs,

Pelvis,

Spinous Processes, Tarsus,

...1

..1 (1 compound).

.1 (compound).

Of these six died. The patient with the compound fracture of both ankles refused operation and died; one with fractured base of skull died; the fracture of the pelvis patient died from perito- nitis, &c.; the fracture of skull and pelvis case also died; whilst a compound fracture of skull (gun- shot wound) proved fatal to the fifth within a few minutes of admission; the sixth suffered from a bad smash of skull and lower jaw and also succumbed rapidly to his injuries. In the case of fracture

513

of the dorsal spinous processes although there was some paralysis of the lower limbs after the injury, the patient rapidly recovered from the results of his accident (falling down a ship's hold). There were only three dislocations treated during the year, all of the shoulder. In one case the victim was the "boy" of a well known resident in the Colony and when he came to Hospital he was wearing one of his master's silk singlets. By a curious coincidence the master had mentioned the previous evening to me and others his suspicion that his "boy" was pilfering. When the youth left Hospital he was accompanied by an attendant with a note which led to an interesting scene between master and servant, the upshot being that the latter got two months at a pound and a half of oakum per diem. with a turn at the crank occasionally to give him an appetite. This calm method of Chinese "boys" and washermen using European clothing is much more of a nuisance than most residents are aware of, as I am perfectly sure that much skin disease is propagated by it.

I regret that the list of operations performed during the year is rather incomplete principally owing to our being short-handed during the greater portion of the time. Many minor operations such as paracentesis thoracis or abdominis, excisions of buboes, circumcisions, dilation of strictures, excisions of small tumours, opening abscesses and removal of necrosed bone have not been recorded for that reason.

Nine deaths took place after operation. In the case of a Chinaman who had his thigh amputated and re-amputated for necrosis of lower end of the femur the patient one morning announced his determination to die and persistently refused to take food. Notwithstanding that he was fed by stomach tube he gradually wasted and died, the operation wound being practically healed.

A post mortem examination revealed nothing which could definitely be laid down as the cause of death. After an amputation at the elbow joint in a machinery accident a Chinese patient never rallied and died in about forty-eight hours. He had internal injuries as well, but a post mortem examination was not allowed. A gunshot wound of the abdomen proved fatal to a coolie during the coolie riots in April. He was walking along Queen's Road just below the Hospital when a member of an opposite clan faction walked up to him and shot the unsuspecting coolie in the abdomen. The coolie walked up to the Hospital and lay down in the waiting room collapsed. The bullet had entered about two inches to the right and one inch above the umbilicus, whilst the wound of exit was about one inch below the last floating rib and 24 inches from middle line. With Dr. AYRES arriving opportunely at the moment he was put on the table and his abdomen opened in the hope of being able to stop the hæmorrhage, which was already apparent by percussion and palpation. The peritoneum was full of blood, and although by grasping and pressure on the spot where the blood seemed to well from (in the region of the portal vein) it appeared to lessen, still the hæmorrhage went on and it was impos- sible to stop the rush of blood; consequently the abdomen was reluctantly closed and the man died within quarter of an hour.

of an hour. At the post mortem examination it was found the bullet had perforated the large intestine, the stomach (full of rice), and had then torn through the portal vein as well as the hepatic artery. Unfortunately the ruffian who shot him was not captured.

In the Wing Lok Street murder a most interesting surgical case was produced which is put on record as an instance of what injury the heart can suffer and yet the patient live for a considerable time after its production. Whilst arresting an armed burglar there P. C. AMEER SINGH was shot through the right arm and in the chest. The bullet which injured the arm was extracted from the carpus. The second bullet first hit a metal button on the man's tunic which deflected it slightly to the right (the patient's left). It then entered the patient's body in the third interspace about one inch and a quarter to the left of the middle line. On slightly enlarging the opening the track could be felt and a groove in the heart could be distinctly made out by the small finger. The bullet could not be felt so the wound was dressed with iodoform, and no more surgical interference at that time was attempted. The patient was a man of magnificent physique and somewhat inclined to adiposity. On the following day, 23rd December, he had some hæmoptysis and his heart had improved in action as his pulse could now be easily felt compared with the previous evening when it was imperceptible. He was put on small doses of morphia during the day. At 10.15 p.m. his respirations were 72 per minute, pulse 116, not moved about for examination. On the 24th December pneumothorax on left side was diagnosed and there was some fullness in the left axilla which on the 25th was cut down on and the bullet extracted in the line of the posterior fold of the axilla. There was some pericardial friction to be made out on this day and pneumo-thorax diagnosed with fluid of some description in the pleura. After the bullet was extracted a very great amount of sero-sanguineous fluid was discharged by the new opening and hopes were entertained that he might now

now recover. On the 26th and 27th December the discharge was very copious and the pulse kept fairly good. The front wound had healed and the pericardial rub had almost cleared away-at least could not be noted-but no breath sounds were to be heard over the left lung. On the 28th December, however, towards noon his pulse became very bad and he rapidly sank in spite of stimulants, &c., and died at three o'clock the same afternoon. The following post mortem notes give the state of affairs found the following morning. The bullet entered skin in line of nipples one inch and quarter from median line.

It then passed through the third interspace and entered the pericardium bruising and indenting the heart about two inches from the base of the pulmonary artery just over the interventricular septum. It then passed out of the pericardium and entered the left lung about one inch and a quarter from the free edge of the lung, travelled through the lung and passed out in the sixth interspace in the mid-axillary line,

י.

514

•

grazing the upper border of the seventh rib. It had then burrowed up into the axilla.

"The peri- cardium contained about ten ounces of defibrinated blood and both surfaces of the pericardium were thickly covered with fibrin deposited on the serous membrane. Left pleura contained some sero- purulent fluid and left lung was almost completely collapsed." The heart had the same "graze" upon it post mortem which I felt with my little finger half an hour after the accident. Had I known of or even suspected the pericardial fluid conditions soon after the injury it is just possible we might have been able to pull him through.

Such an injury is rare where the patient can after its infliction do as this man did. He retained hold of his prisoner until help reached him (about five or ten minutes afterwards), then walked about fifty yards to the nearest chair and was carried to the Charge Rooin where he gave particulars to the Inspector in charge, and was then carried to Hospital where he survived his injuries for six days.

This tragedy gave us another operative case. The man who inflicted the injuries on the police- man was shot in the hip by one of his comrades, and in this case I was able to extract the bullet from his hip at once and he got well only to meet his fate on the scaffold along with another of his col- leagues in crime.

Two deaths occurred after operative interference necessitated by severe head injuries. One of these was the subject of important medico-legal proceedings. A private of marines from II. M. S. Tamar went into the Hongkong Hotel bar for refreshinent and had a quarrel with one of the "boys who promptly jumped over the counter with a big stick in his hand and hit the sailor on the head about an inch and a half above the right eye. The sailor fell on the back of his head on the tiled floor and he was then brought up to Hospital. As he had evidently been drinking heavily his stomach was washed out after his general state had been examined. His pupils were equal and dilated whilst his pulse was slow between 60 and 72. He remained comatose for about twenty minutes when he sud- denly ceased breathing-10 p.m. A careful examination of the head had revealed no more of note than a small swelling on the posterior left parietal region. A needle inserted at the site of bruise on forehead failed to discover a fracture and no blood came from nose or ears. From 10 p.m. till 6 a.m. the following morning artificial respiration was kept up during which time the pulse remained good, unless of course when the artificial respiration was left off. When left off, it took from one minute and forty seconds to two minutes and a half for the pulse to disappear at the wrist, when on resuming operations it again returned. At 6 a.m. with daylight to assist I again made a careful examination of his head and detected by a needle a fracture at the site of the swelling over the left parietal region and, resolving to trephine, sent for Deputy Inspector General KNOTT to see the case with me. How- ever, before he came the man's pulse began to flag and it was evidently necessary to trephine at once if any good was to be done. This was not an easy matter seeing that artificial respiration and all its difficulties had to be reckoned with. Trephining over the spot revealed the presence of a large blood clot, about an ounce of which was removed after incising the dura mater. Notwithstanding the relief of pressure the pulse continued to get worse and he died about thirty-five minutes after. Another hæmorrhage was found at the base of the brain with another fracture separate from that at site of operation. Interesting medico-legal discussion ensued; but the prisoner was set free through want of identification. By the mail the following week came Professor VICTOR HORSLEY'S paper on head injuries wherein he stated that in many cases of head injury artificial respiration is the proceeding necessary to keep the heart going, and the above case certainly bears this out. Whether an earlier trephination would have done any good in this case is extremely doubtful, but by keeping up artificial respiration there is no doubt that occasionally valuable time may be gained for operative procedures to be undertaken. The period taken for the pulse to become imperceptible is also notable. Although of the nature of an experiment it was not so in the first instance, as when I was called to see him on one occasion his heart could not be heard, though effective manipulation soon brought back its action and the usual good pulse. The variations in time of disappearance of pulse I expect were dependent on the previous effectiveness of the artificial respiratory process.

One case of abscess of liver died which was operated on in extremis. Post mortem it was found that the liver was not enlarged but was merely a sack of pus, the actual amount of liver tissue remain- ing being very small indeed. This normal size of area of dulness together with absence of tenderness and other signs of abscess had led to operation being delayed till too late. The other case of abscess of liver recovered rapidly after resection of about three inches of rib when efficient local medication could be applied. Many cases of liver abscess improve rapidly when this can be done, and I often wonder why some of our surgeons who have had or should have large experience of this matter do not give their views in a succinct manner. We have lengthy dissertations on the local medicinal treatment of ulcerated throats, suppurating knee joints, empyæmas, ozona, &c., but few (if any) have given opinions on the local medication of liver abscess. Perhaps most people think it useless. It generally is, unless properly done. Iodine, cresol and a dozen other drugs are injected and prove useless because often all they touch is simply necrosed and broken down tissue. Few people would dream of applying nitric acid to a bad phagodenic penis until they hai removed sloughs by a Volkman's spoon, yet it is very nearly the same condition which holds good in many liver abscesses where the necrosis of tissue goes on in a very similar manner, as is found out by those who take the trouble to make a post mortem examination of the case. In addition to the above two cases operated

515

swings so readily is because she is so lightly built when compared with the Victor Emanuel and Meeanee, which being heavier swing more slowly. I would suggest as a preventive of future serious loss that a small stern anchor be provided which would limit the arc through which she swings and which would only be used when the weather became bad. The danger would then be that a semi- competent Chinaman would either forget to look out for the change of wind in a typhoon or, if seeing it, take no notice of it. It strikes me that an intelligent European with a handy stern anchor and a few Chinese to assist would have been able to do a great deal towards lessening the damage caused by the gale. Perhaps the Honourable the Harbour Master might give his opinion on this proposal.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient, humble Servant,

JAMES A. Lowson,

Acting Superintendent, Government Civil Hospital, and Medical Officer in charge of Epidemic Hospitals.

Dr. PH. B. C. AYRES, C.M.G.,

Colonial Surgeon.

Enclosure 2.

Report from the Medical Officer in charge of Gaol Hospital.

GAOL HOSPITAL, HONGKONG, 19th March, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the report and the following statistical tables of the work done last year:—

Table IX.--K. shows the admissions and mortality; Table XIa.-M. the cases that were admitted at the first medical examination; Table X.--N. the cases that were treated without being received into Hospital. The rate of sickness and mortality is given in Table XI.-0; the number of percent- age of prisoners admitted at first medical examination in Table XIb.--L; that of opium-smokers admitted into Hospital in Table XI.-P.; the weight of the opium-smokers for the first four weeks' confinement in Table XI.-Q.

2. I regret that I was unable to furnish this report sooner. Formerly all these tables were printed first in the Gaol, but for the past two years, the number of prisoners engaged in the printing room has been reduced and much of the work that used to be done there has been discontinued in consequence. We have now to depend entirely on the Government Printers who, although most willing, have been lately very busy with various reports.

3. The admissions into Hospital amounted to 271 men including 26 Europeans, being one less than in the preceding year. The commonest diseases were as usual fever and anæmia. Eight Chinese had erysipelas, but of a very mild type with the exception of one that resulted in a deep abscess of left fore-arm. There were also two cases of carbuncle.

4. At the first medical examination 70 men were received into Hospital, 41 were put on observa- tion, including 15 men sent by the Magistrates for certificate as to their mental condition. Seven were found to be suffering from derangement of mind, one had epilepsy and another locomotor ataxy.

5. The number of prisoners that were treated without being admitted into Hospital was 614, comprising a man who had a small carbuncle on his right shoulder and 19 women that were attended at the Female Prison. The total greatly exceeds that of the previous year. There was a noticeable increase of scabies and of men suffering from the effects of flogging.

6. Five Chinese male prisoners succumbed from the following causes :-anæmia and pulmonary congestion, consequent on cirrhosis of liver and kidneys; from remittent fever and congestion of lungs; from pulmonary phthisis and dysentery, and two from chronic pneumonic phthisis. All these men with the exception of the one who died of remittent fever and pleuritic effusion, and who was an old offender, never did the work to which they had been sentenced, some being put to light labour and shortly afterwards to reduced task, while others did no work at all. One, an ex-convict, was kept in Hospital while on remaind, another who had returned from banishment was admitted on the very day in which he was sentenced. One Indian was executed by order of the Supreme Court, and two Chinese committed suicide by hanging themselves in their cells. One of them had been in Gaol before.

7. With regard to leprosy, 7 Chinese who were sentenced for mendicancy, one as rogue and vagabond, and another for unlawful possession, were found to be affected with that disease. Four of the mendicants declared that they were residing in Chinese Kowloon and one near Canton. They had in their pockets prescriptions signed by a European doctor. It appears that two had been before in Hongkong and were sent away by the Police, but managed to return again. If a dispensary had been

516

established at Yaumati, as I before suggested, it would not only have benefited the poor class living in the neighbourhood, but would also have somewhat lessened the number of prisoners in the Gaol, as those patients, who now resort to this city for treatment and are arrested for begging in the streets, would cease frequenting it if they obtained medicines free of charge there.

8. During the plague epidemic in this Colony, the quantity of disinfectants in daily use in this Gaol was doubled and every precaution was taken to prevent its introduction. Three Chinese, a few days after being incarcerated, showed symptoms of the disease which, I believe, was contracted outside the Gaol, as it may be inferred from the following brief notes:-One of them, 46 years old, was sentenced on the 19th of May to two months' hard labour for neglecting to report a plague case.

He was confined in a special cell together with two others who had been convicted of a similar offence. On the 27th he had plague, and on the same day he paid his fine and was released. Another patient, aged 21 years, got one month hard labour on the 5th of June, for stealing from person. I passed him as fit for work, but on the 8th he had fever and was kept in Hospital. Gradually the signs of plague became manifest. You will recollect that you and Surgeon-Major JAMES saw this man on the 13th. He was released next day. The other man, an old offender, 45 years old, was sentenced on the 12th June to fourteen days for fighting. On the 20th I had to examine him for punishment for not having picked all his oakum. I noticed that he did not look well; he was feverish, temperature 99°2. He was immediately put in Hospital. This man stated that he had felt sick for the last three days. He complained to me some days previously of constipation and was treated accordingly. On the 21st he was also released. All these three patients were conveyed to the Epidemic Hospital at Kennedytown. It is generally admitted that the mean period of incubation of plague is five or six days or about a week. It is evident that these men had contracted the disease before their imprisonment. This Gaol was as fortunate in the late plague epidemic as it was in the small-pox epidemic in 1889.

9. In the Female Gaol some prisoners were under treatment for considerable time, three women who had been convicted of breach of plague and one of small-pox Ordinance, were put on observation. Another woman was also under medical observation, as there was doubt about her sanity. Her mind was found to be affected.

The Matron, Mrs. M. NOLAN, has continued to discharge satisfactorily the duty of nurse.

10. The sanitary condition of both Gaols may be pronounced to have been good.. The admissions into Hospital would have shown a considerable reduction on those of the previous year but for 34 prisoners that were sentenced for trespassing in the infected area and for other offences against the plague Ordinance and were kept for observation for twenty days. One of them, as already stated, had the symptoms of plague developed a few days after being admitted. It was also thought prudent, as in the case of the female prisoner, to keep on observation a man who had neglected to report a case of small-pox.

11. Many serious injuries which have occurred cannot be said to be accidental, but have been self inflicted by the prisoners to escape from hard labour. Some prisoners let the shot fall upon their feet causing big wounds and fracturing bones, others hurt their fingers, or preferred flogging, which leave indelible marks, rather than work at the crank. A high percentage of these convicts for want of food or help to emigrate where they could get decent living are committed to Gaol again.

12. The supply of lymph having ran short for about three months, there was an interruption in the vaccination of the prisoners, but I do not think it was of much consequence, for, as I have stated before, the majority of the Chinese prisoners are found to have been vaccinated or inoculated when very young in their homes.

The subjoined table gives the number of the prisoners that have been vaccinated since it was first started :-

Year.

Total number of vaccination and re-vaccination.

Taken.

Failed at first vaccination and re-vaccination.

Total number of those who have been vaccinated or inoculated outside the Gaol.

1888

2,051

1,354

697

1,951

1889

2,060

1,445

615

2,057

1890

1,736

1,024

712

1,722

1891

2,836

1,090,

1,346

2,521

1892

2,625

1,985

640

2,618

1893

1,417

763

654

1,325

1894

747

242

505

746

517

on other two died, one of pyæmic abscesses of lung and liver, the other of multiple abscesses caused by galt stones embedded in the substance of the liver to the number of about one hundred. This patient was aspirated, but none of the small abscesses were hit on.

The two cases of strangulated hernia operated on recovered rapidly. One of them occurred in a coolie who had a right inguinal strangulated hernia operated on only one month before by Dr. THOMSON of the Alice Memorial Hospital. Dr. ATKINSON operated on the left one, and the man as I have said recovered rapidly. It is not often that a man has a strangulated hernia on both sides within a month and recovers from a double operation.

Of other operations which did well one was the case of a young sailor who had been in Hospital for some time suffering from compound fracture of thigh. Necrosis followed and he became very emaciated. Assisted by Drs. JORDAN and BELL and Surgeon-Major JAMES I removed the leg through the lesser trochanter, the difficulty of getting good flaps being insuperable owing to the existence of numerous sinuses. However, the leg was removed at this level because amputation at the hip meant death in this case. After the operation he remained collapsed for ten hours when his condition was so desperate that he was transfused with about four pints of saline solution at a temperature of 110° F. in the funnel of the transfuser. The pulse immediately improved and the state of shock disappeared. He recovered without a bad symptom, although convalescence was somewhat tedious. The points to remember in transfusing are to give plenty of fluid and let it be hot, say, 110° F. in the funnel, and most important of all is to give it before the patient is in extremis. This poor fellow was well and going about Hongkong in a chair when he contracted enteric fever and died a few days before the date on which he had arranged to sail for England.

A rare condition of affairs turned up in the person of a small Chinese boy, æt. 13, who was suffering from enormous hypertrophy of the gums of both upper and lower jaws. Very few of these cases are on record. Dr. NOBLE fortunately was able to get a pretty accurate mould of the growths. With the assistance of Surgeon-Major JAMES and Surgeon PENNY the upper jaw was first tackled and a considerable portion of it removed along with the tumour. Hæmorrbage was considerable, but no bad effects resulted from it. A month later the major portion of the lower jaw was removed, again with some considerable hæmorrhage. He was discharged when I was in Japan. There was no recur- rence of the tumours when he left Hospital, but I expect that in time they will recur;

his present whereabouts are unknown.

21. Poisons.-The acute poisoning cases during the year included poisoning from morphia, calomel, fish, sewer gas, opium, datura, alcohol and chlorine, whilst the caterpillar plague in Kowloon introduced to our notice a peculiar form of cellulitis with anaesthesia in several of the men who had to handle tons of these animals. The disinfecting operations by chlorine gave rise to several rather. severe cases of poisoning by that vapour.

22. Vaccinations.-188 vaccinations were performed during the year.

Primary cases,

Successful.

...69

Re-vaccinations, ..........90

Unsuccessful.

2 27

Total.

117

The vaccine supplied by the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon has again given most satisfactory results.

23. Fees.-The fees received from patients in the Hospital amounted to $15,476.70, of which the Board of Trade contributed $3,080 and the Police $891.14. The fees received from patients treated in the Lunatic Asylums amounted to $551, and those for patients treated in the Small-pox Shed or Hygeia amounted to $385.50, the gross revenue from this source amounting to $16,413.20, a decrease of $1,800. On looking at the monthly receipts it is found that in May, June, July, August and Septeinber, a great reduction of revenue occurred. Plague again, I presume.

Twenty-one first class patients were treated, and one hundred and thirty-two second class.

I have to thank numerous residents who have catered for the patients' comforts and recreations. It is to be regretted that their kindness, especially to the seafaring population, is generally forgotten in our local Piccadilly-Queen's Road West-which to my mind, considering the size of the European community, is over-populated with bad grog-shops and worse liquor.

II.-LUNATIC ASYLUMS.

24. There is very little to report on under this head. The total number of admissions was 47. Of these 9 were Europeans, 1 Coloured and 37 Chinese.

The number of deaths was 6, all Chinese. 19 Chinese were sent to Canton to a benevolent institu- tion there. 8 Chinese lunatics were transferred from the Tung Wa Hospital.

Wardmaster BAYLEY left on 31st July and Wardmaster MCKILLOP was appointed on 1st August. The two buildings are in good condition at present and very few repairs were necessary during

the year.

The fees for first class patients have been again raised, as also those for lunatics landed in the Colony from ships. The amount received in fees was $551.00.

518

III.-EPIDEMIC HOSPITALS.

25. During the year Kennedytown Police Barracks was handed over temporarily to the Medical Department and ultimately was taken over permanently as an Epidemic Hospital. Its retention as such was strongly recommended by a number of people who knew little or nothing about it, whilst those who new most about it were not consulted in the matter at all. It is most satisfactory to know that this Police" white elephant" has been ultimately made "passable" as au infectious hospital at some considerable cost. Whether it will ever be seriously required I doubt very much. During the winter months it makes a pleasant country residence for some of the Police Force, who previously had no usc for the building-so it was said.

26. The following extracts from my report on the plague show most of the details wanted in this report :-

"The Hygeia proved a most valuable hospital for Europeans, every medical visitor being greatly impressed with its suitability for this purpose providing as it did plenty of fresh air, every breeze in the harbour, no mosquitoes, and the charm of sea life during convalescence. It would probably have gone very hard with some of the European patients and the Japanese doctors had they been treated on shore, every slight breeze in the harbour bringing great relief to the sufferers. When the rush of Chinese patients came, however, the ship was rather taxed for accommodation, as one private ward had to be used as a mortuary, another as an office, and the others to accommodate the extra staff, &c., which was necessary. Her use as a

Her use as a European hospital during last summer alone has more than justified her existence."

"Kennedytown Barracks proved a fairly good hospital, but its proximity to the trees on Mount Davis made it a hunting ground for flies and mosquitoes which sometimes added greatly to our patients' sufferings. The arrangements of the rooms also left much to be desired."

"The following table gives the admissions and deaths of those treated in the Government Hospitals:-

May,

June,

July,

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

October,

"Hygeia."

Total.

Plague.

Observation.

Deaths.

157

143

114

171

154

117

Kennedytown Hospital.

Total,

Plague.

Übservation.

Deaths.

121

115

335

264

200

"It will be noticed that in August and September the proportion of observation cases was large. It was most essential at this period that all possible foci of disease should be removed; and it must be remembered too that at this stage of the epidemic, apparent glandular swellings were seldom met -with. Of the fifty-one cases of plague adinitted in August only eight had visible buboes when

admitted; whilst only two developed them in hospital."

"In addition to these there were treated in the Government Civil Hospital Isolation Wards 32, of which-

6... 19...

Died.

...Transferred to Hygeia. ...Transferred to Kennedytown."

27. The Hygeia was opened on May 10th and was shut on August 8th. Kennedytown Hospital was opened on May 14th and shut on September 26th.

28. There were nineteen cases of small-pox treated, with one death.

29. A destructive typhoon on October 6th caused serious damage to the Hygeia, blowing off the the roof and doing a lot more damage, the cost of repairs amounting to $5,000. Most of this was due to swinging propensities of the ship. As she is moored she is bound to swing considerably when it is blowing, and then the wind catches the overhanging roof and whisks it up into the air. Why she

519

13. Assistant warder AHMED was granted four months' leave and his post was temporarily filled by turnkey Townsend. Warder FLORES had to go away for a week, owing to sickness. It was a matter of no little difficulty to find a person able to supply the vacancy thus caused. Dr. Lowson, the Acting Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, kindly sent Wardmaster MCKILLOP. On resignation of turnkey TOWNSEND, turnkey JOHNSSEN was appointed in his place.

I think it would be advisable to train one or two turnkeys so as to have competent men to replace the Hospital warders when necessary. Their duty is not so easy as it is commonly supposed to be.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

Dr. PH. B. C. AYRES, C.M.G.,

Colonial Surgeon,

&c.,

&c.

Enclosure 3.

L. P. MARQUES,

Medical Officer.

Report of the Government Analyst.

GOVERNMENT LABORATORY,

HONGKONG, 4th June, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to submit a statement of the work done in the temporary laboratory of this Hospital during the year 1894.

TOXICOLOGICAL.

2. Under this head six investigations were conducted. In two of the cases a decoction of coffee was the substance submitted for analysis. Aconitine in considerable quantity was detected in one enquiry; in the second case no unwholesome ingredient was found. This is, I believe, the first case of poisoning by aconite in the criminal annals of Hongkong, and its use by the Chinese for an unlawful purpose is of interest to the toxicologist in that it adds another to the many points of similarity between the agents used in criminal poisoning in India and South China. The small quantity of the beverage forwarded for analysis unquestionably contained enough of the poison to kill a human being; and the escape from death of those to whom it had been served can only be attributed to the post- prandial habit of sipping the liquid instead of swallowing it at a single gulp. The tingling sensation on the tongue characteristic of aconite was noted immediately the coffee was tasted, and suspicions being aroused the remainder of the beverage was rejected. It is to be regretted that the criminal was not tracked down in this case. Poisoning by aconite is quite another thing to drugging by datura, and death frequently results therefrom.

3. The contents of a bowl of curried fowl were analysed at the request of the Principal Medical Officer, Army Medical Staff, and found to contain $4.38 grains of orpiment, the yellow sulphide of arsenicum. The curry had been prepared for one of the Lascar Artillerymen. Whether the incorpo- ration of the orpiment was due to accident or design is uncertain; there was no evidence to support a charge before the Magistrate.

4. A basin of rice suspected to contain noxious material was examined on the requisition of the Superintendent of Victoria Gaol and found to contain a considerable quantity of the aniline dye methyl-violet.

5. Post Mortem Case.-The contents of the stomach of a European male adult were analysed at the request of one of the surgeons of this Department. Chloroform, and a resinous substance similar to that derived from Indian hemp, morphine, oil of peppermint-constituents of chlorodyne-were detected.

6. Datura.-An alkaloid indistinguishable from the active principle of the Chinese drug Nau Yeung Fa (Flower of Datura Alba Nees.) was isolated from the contents of a small packet found on the person of a a young Chinaman who was subsequently sentenced to six years' imprisonment with hard

labour.

"THE MORPHINE ORDINANCE, 1893.”

7. In three prosecutions under this Ordinance, eight exhibits were forwarded by the Police Magistrate for examination. In two out of the three instances the exhibits were found to contain hydrochlorate of morphine.

MILK.

8. Ten analyses of samples of milk supplied under contract to the Government Civil Hospital were made during the year. The results of the analyses were in every instance satisfactory. No samples were sent by the Sanitary Board during the period under review.

ך די *

520

"THE DANGEROUS GOODS ORDINANCES, 1873 AND 1892."

9. Ten steamers with petroleum in bulk arrived from Batoum during the year and discharged the whole or part of their cargo. 112 samples of oil were forwarded to this Department by the Harbour Master and were found to give off inflammable vapour at temperatures considerably above the 73° F. limit laid down in the Rules and Regulations made by the Governor in Council on the 7th December, 1892, under the provisions of these Ordinances.

WATER.

10. 57 analyses of water were made during the year-16 for the Director of the Public Works Department and Water Authority, two for the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, and 40 for the Permanent Committee of the Sanitary Board appointed to carry out the special regulations introduced by Government for dealing with the epidemic of Bubonic Plague. The majority of these waters, all of which were from shallow wells in 'the city of Victoria, were distinctly polluted.

11. Mention may here be made of the fact that as far back as 1884 attention was called to the danger incurred by the public in having recourse to shallow wells for the supply of water for dietetic purposes. In 1887 an analysis, of the water of every well known to exist in this city was made at the request of the Sanitary Board. 71 per cent. of the 328 waters submitted for analysis were reported as being "evidently much polluted. The results of the analyses of the samples of water from the Pokfulam and Taitam reservoirs do not call for any special remarks.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Under this heading the following articles were examined and reported on, viz.:—

Two samples of slaked lime for amount of oxide and carbonate present; one sample of chlorinated lime for amount of available chlorine; two samples of sulphuric acid for percentage of real acid; an alleged plague remedy forwarded to His Excellency the Governor from Australia; powder (magnesium sulphate) found on a suspected criminal a packet of powder (pepper) found on a man arrested on a charge of administering a stupefying drug for an unlawful purpose; two samples of disinfectants (carbolated creasote) for percentage of tar oils, tar acids, and water.

These investigations do not call for any special remarks.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

THE ACTING COLONIAL SURGEon,

&c.,

&c.

Enclosure 4.

W. EDWARD CROW,

Government Analyst.

Report of the Superintendent of the Government Vaccine Institute.

GOVERNMENT VACCINE INSTITUTE, 22nd March, 1895.

SIR, I have the honour to submit herewith my report upon the work done at the Vaccine Institute during the year ending December 31st, 1894.

2. As anticipated in my report for 1893, the output has been considerably larger than for that year, and now that the place is in thorough working order-given a sufficient staff-the supply might be practically unlimited.

3. The lymph produced at the Institute has met with favourable notice from the medical profession generally, and Messrs. A. S. WATSON & Co. have freely availed themselves of the opportunity afforded to procure fresh active lymph at reasonable rates, i.e., thirty cents per tube.

4. 2,165 tubes of vaccine were sold during the year, and 835 tubes were supplied to the Colonial Surgeon for use in the various Government Departments and Hospitals.

5. After paying all working expenses there remained a profit upon the year's profit and loss

account of over 17 per cent. upon the original capital invested.

6. The instruments, furniture, and buildings are all in a good state, of repair and amendment.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant..

THE COLONIAL SURGEON.

C. VIVIAN LADDS, Superintendent.

Confidential. No. 13.

465

No. 32

HONGKONG.

DESPATCHES WITH REFERENCE TO THE MILITARY CONTRIBUTION AND BARRACK ACCOMMODATION FOR THE GARRISON AT HONGKONG.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

(Colonial Secretary to Senior Unofficial Member, Legislative Council.)

SIR,

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 2nd August, 1895.

I am directed by His Excellency the Governor to transmit to you, for the consideration of yourself and your colleagues in the Legislative Council, a copy of No. 156 of 27th June, 1895. a despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies in regard to the Military Contribution to be paid by Hongkong towards the support of the Imperial Garrison.

You will learn from this despatch that Her Majesty's Government has decided to fix this contribution in future at a certain proportion, viz., 173 per cent. of the revente of the Colony exclusive of the proceeds of land sales or premia on leases.

The effect of this will be, so far as the year 1895 is concerned, that the con- tribution will be $353,000 there or thereabouts instead of $384,000 as provided in the Appropriation Ordinance.

Lord RIPON suggests that a permanent Ordinance should be passed appro- priating 17 per cent, of the Colonial revenue to the use of the Imperial Govern- inent as a Military Contribution, thus removing from the arena of public debate, a question which in the past has given rise to some vexation and irritation.

His Excellency fully concurs in this suggestion and trusts that it will recom- mend itself unanimously to the Unofficial Members of Council.

I am also to forward to you for your consideration a copy of a further No. 83 of 3rd April, 1895. despatch from Lord RIPON enclosing an amended schedule of "Barrack Services”

required in the Colony in consequence of the increased Garrison stationed here.

It will be observed that the expenditure on this account will be divided in the proportion of 3rds. to the Imperial and 3rd. to the Colonial Government, and that the expenditure will be spread over a period of ten years.

The contribution from the Colony for 1895 will be $25,000, and the Governor has been instructed to take a vote for that amount at an early date. These works will doubtless involve a very large expenditure in the Colony which will directly benefit a large number of contractors and many members of the labouring classes, and this expenditure will also indirectly benefit the revenue of the Colony.

I am to call your special attention to paragraphs 2 and 3 of this despatch and C.O. Cir. 30th Dec.. 1894. to enclose at the same time in clucidation thereof a copy of the Secretary of State's

Circular Despatch of the 30th December last.

His Excellency the Governor proposes to call a meeting of the Legislative Council about the middle of this month in order to pass the Ordinance and to take the vote referred to in this letter, and he confidently anticipates that you and the Unofficial Members will agree to these measures, and will support the Imperial Government generally in a matter which is of the greatest importance from an Imperial as well as a Colonial point of view.

The Honourable C. P. CHATER,

Senior Unofficial Member,

Legislative Council.

466

I shall be obliged if after a full consideration of these documents you will announce to me for His Excellency's information the conclusions at which you have arrived.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Colonial Secretary.

HONG KONG.

No. 156.

SIR,

(Secretary of State to the Governor.)

DOWNING STREET,

27th June, 1895.

With reference to the last paragraph of my despatch No. 75 of 29th March last relative to the Military Contribution, I have the honour to inform you that Her Majesty's Government, although hitherto adhering to the principle that the contribution, whatever its amount, should be fixed for the time being in sterling, have never lost sight of the fact that it could not consistently with the efficient administration of civil affairs, exceed a certain percentage of revenue, and that if at any time through a diminution of receipts or a fall in the exchange value of silver, the percentage assumed undue proportions, then a case for the revision of the sterling demand would arise; but as a matter of fact during the five years 1890-1894, the average Military Contribution of Hong Kong has fallen consider- ably short of what the Home Government in 1890 considered a reasonable pro- portion of the revenue, namely, one of between 17 and 18 per cent., and even in 1894 it barely reached 17 per cent. As regards the current year, however, owing to the continued low rate of exchange, the contribution if continued at the present rate of £40,000 would amount to nearly 20 per cent. of the revenue.

2. After careful consideration Her Majesty's Government have arrived at the conclusion to fix the contribution in future at a certain proportion, viz., 17 per cent. of the revenue of the Colony. This appears to offer a basis of settlement which is the most likely to be acceptable to all parties, and which can be adopted without an undue sacrifice of the claims of the tax-payers of this country.

3. The expedient of fixing a proportion of revenue as the amount of the contribution, will, I hope, prevent any further feeling of uncertainty and dissatis- faction, and will safeguard the rights of the Home Government as effectually as the expedient of fixing the amount for some years ahead, which was that adopted in my predecessor's despatch No. 8 of 20th January, 1890. In adopting the decision above indicated Her Majesty's Government have been largely influenced by the consideration that so long as the contribution is fixed in sterling the continued uncertainty in the matter of exchange is calculated to cause a greater dislocation in the finances of the Colony than would be caused to the Imperial finances if the contribution is fixed in dollars.

4. It is to be understood that the revenue on which the percentage will be taken shall include the gross receipts from all sources which are now brought into account as revenue, with one exception, viz., the proceeds of land sales, or premia on leases, which are not strictly revenue but the proceeds of the sale of capital assets. The revenue for 1895, less premia on leases, is estimated at $2,018,526 so that a contribution of 17 per cent. would amount to $353,242; and I have now to authorise you to limit the payments for this year to that amount in lieu of the maximum amount ($384,000) provided in the Appropriation Ordinance.

5. When the actual revenue of 1895 is known, should it be found that there was an excess of receipts over the estimate, a further payment of 17 per cent. of such excess can be made. If, on the other hand, the revenue should have fallen short of the estimate the over-payment can be adjusted by deducting 17 per cent. of the deficit from the first instalment of next year's contribution. similar course can be followed in each succeeding year.

Governor

467

6. It would probably be agreeable to all parties, if a permanent Ordinance were passed appropriating a percentage of 17 per cent. of the Colonial revenues to the use of the Imperial Government as a Military Contribution, thus removing what has been a much vexed question from the arena of annual debate.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient, humble servant,

RIPON.

Sir W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&.c.,

&c.,

HONG KONG.

No. 83.

SIR,

&c.

(Secretary of State to the Governor.)

DOWNING STREET,

3rd April, 1895.

With reference to my despatch No. 162 of 5th October last, I have the honour to transmit to you the enclosed amended schedule of Barrack services required at Hongkong, together with an extract from a letter from the War Office to the Treasury, explaining the necessity of adding the provision of a new Hospital to the list of services previously put forward.

2. It is proposed that the execution of these works should be spread over ten years beginning with the current year, and that the cost of the works should be provided in the following manner, viz., that the Colony should, in accordance with my

Circular despatch of 30th December last, devote the value of any Military Lands and Buildings that may now be surrendered by the War Department, so far as it will extend, in reduction of the gross cost of the scheme, including the cost of any new sites that may be required, and that the remainder of the cost should be divided in the proportion of two thirds to the Imperial Government and one third to the Colonial Government, that being about the proportion in which the cost of the new fortifications of Hongkong were divided between the two Governments.

3. This proposal, which is, in my opinion, fair and reasonable, is a special arrangement made in view of the large expenditure involved in providing the necessary Barrack accommodation for the increased garrison, and the fact that in this case the cost of the provision of new sites is included in the total charge to be divided between the Imperial and Colonial Governments, instead of being wholly charged to the Colony in accordance with paragraph 11 of my Circular of 30th December last, must not be regarded as a precedent applicable in future cases.

4. It is intended to provide £5,000 in the Army Estimates for 1895-6 towards the expenditure incurred on these Works during this year, and I have to request you to bring the matter before the Legislative Council at an early date, and to propose a supplementary vote of say $25,000 to cover the Colonial share of this year's expenditure.

5. The question of the execution of services to the value to be paid for by the Colony, .e., one third of the nett cost, as referred to in paragraphs 15-17 of the enclosed letter, is a detail which I will leave to you to arrange in consultation with the General Officer Commanding the Troops.

6. You will be given an opportunity of criticizing the plans and estimates of all the new Buildings as you will have learned from the letter to the General Officer Commanding a copy of which accompanied my despatch No. 162 of 5th October last, and if you are unable to come to an agreement with the General upon any point, I have to request you to refer the question to me, as the General Officer Commanding has been instructed to refer such points to the War Office, so that I may be in a position to come to an agreement with the Secretary of State for War upon such points of difference.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient,

Governor

Sir W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&c.,

&c.

humble servant,

RIPON.

468

Estimate for Barrack Works for accommodating increased Garrison, and for some other urgent services.

Service.

Estimate. Estimate.

Order of Precedence.

Barracks for Hong Kong Regiment at Kowloon, exclu-

sive of European Officers' quarters,

£65,700

$414,947 In hand.

Hospital to replace existing Hospital ship "Meance" Hospital for Asiatics, Kowloon,

37,200

234,947

11,000

69,474

Barracks at Kowloon for 2 Officers, 134 men, Europeaus, Barracks for Royal Artillery at Lyemoon,..

16,000

101,053

8,850

55,895

Completed.

Purchase of Lazaretto,.............

3,150

19,895 Completed.

Barracks for Royal Artillery at Stonecutters' Island,

8,000

50,526 In hand.

Quarters for increased number of Warrant Officers (3),.

2,300

14,526

Quarters for increased number of staff-sergeants, ser-

5 for one half & 8

21,600

136,421

geants and married men (36),

for the 2nd half.

Quarters for Quarter-Master, Infantry,

1,500

9,474

Increase of Royal Engineers serjeants' mess,.

1,500

9,474

Serjeants' mess and recreation room, Victoria Barracks, Gymnasium for European troops,

2,000

12,631 11

2,500

15,789 12

Bathing Pond,

1,700

10,737

Alterations to F Block, Queen's Road Barracks, for

Chinese Submarine Miners,

200

1,263

Alterations for library, school, &c., and to Royal

Engineers' workshops,

450

2,842 Partly completed.

Barracks for 1 Company Asiatic Artillery and Officers'

Quarters,

10,000

Training the Albany Nullah,

63,158 2,400 15,158 14

196,050 1,238,210

Add th* contingencies,

15,885 100,326

Total,

211,935 1,338,536

* Not increased on Account of the Hospital.

Extracts from a letter from the War Office to the Treasury Hong Kong 2/4690, dated 20th Dec/94.

2. The Medical Authorities at the Station have recently made strong repre- sentations in the matter, contending that the time has now come when diseases can no longer be properly treated in such a structure, especially at sea, and in such a climate as that of Hong Kong, where the temperature and other conditions are so variable.

3. It is also necessary that separate wards should be provided for the treat- ment of infectious diseases, and for the Itch, as well as for the reception of lunatics. 4. At present, cases of small-pox, scarlet fever and diphtheria have to be treated as best they can, no official accommodation having been provided for the isolation of patients suffering from these diseases.

5. The provision of a Hospital on shore-to which special allusion is made in the 10th paragraph of the War Office letter before quoted-has therefore now become a service of pressing urgency, and Mr. Secretary CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN finds it necessary to add this to the list previously put forward.

6. Mr. CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN-having regard to the subsequent correspond- ence-has had a fresh list prepared, shewing the order of precedence which should be attached to the services. The list includes the Hospital.

15. Of the amount to be found by the Colony it must be remembered that about 1/6th, i.e., about £1,177 annually will be for payment in sterling for stores which will probably be necessary to send out from England.

16. In regard to the mode of execution Mr. Secretary CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN would suggest that the best course would be for the Colony to provide funds for specific services to the amounts payable.

17. The services to be either executed by the War Department on behalf of the Colony, or by the Colony to the satisfaction of the representative of the Secretary of State for War,

CIRCULAR.

(Secretary of State to the Governor.)

DOWNING STREET,

469

SIR,

30th December, 1894.

From correspondence which has taken place respecting Colonial Military Lands and Buildings-that is to say, lands the fee simple of which is vested in the Crown represented by the Colonial Government but of which the War Depart- ment has a right of perpetual user for purposes of defence and the Buildings on such lands, in certain Colonies--since my Predecessor's Circular despatch of the 9th of June, 1890, it appears that the exact meaning of the proposals enclosed in the Circular as to the mode of dealing with such lands when no longer required for Military purposes has not been clearly understood.

2. Her Majesty's Government have carefully reconsidered the question and have decided to adhere to the proposals adopted by their predecessors and com- municated to the Colonial Governments in Lord KNUTSFORD's Circular despatch, and with the view of removing any misunderstanding they have thought it desirable to formulate their proposals in the following terms, viz.:—

"The free surrender to the Colony of all Colonial Military Lands and Buildings no longer required by Her Majesty's Government on the engagement by the Colony that, in the event of lands and buildings being required then or in the future for the defence of the Colony, the Colony shall provide an equivalent for the lands and buildings so surrendered, towards the satisfaction of the above-mentioned requirements, and to that intent the value of the lands and buildings surrendered shall be ascertained and recorded, and any lands and buildings provided out of that value shall be held by Her Majesty's Government on the same tenure as those surrendered.'

3. This proposal is based upon the assumption that the Colonial Military Lands in question constitute a permanent Defence Fund of the Colony, the in- tegrity of which ought to be preserved, in kind or value, even though the original lands themselves may be diverted to Civil purposes. Accordingly, whenever such lands which have been set apart for defensive purposes have, from change of circumstances, or from an altered scheme of defence, or from any other reason, ceased to answer the purposes for which they were set apart, and are in con- sequence surrendered by the Military Authorities, their value should be treated as forming a capital applicable, either immediately or from time to time, so far as it will extend, to providing other lands or buildings which may be required in the Colony for such purposes.

4. Effect would be given to the above proposal in the following manner :--

If the Colonial Government should not desire to retain the lands and buildings to be surrendered, they will be sold in the open market, and the proceeds paid into the Colonial Treasury, when the amount would be entered in a special account to the debit of the Colonial Government. In the event of any new lands or buildings being immediately required for the defensive purposes of the Colony the amount of the above-mentioned proceeds, or a sufficient portion of them, would be paid out as required for the purchase of the new sites, and for the construction of the new buildings; the amounts so paid out being entered in the Special Account to the credit of the Colonial Government. Should the new sites, instead of being purchased from private owners, be located on Crown Lands in the possession of the Colonial Government the necessary lands would be given over to the Military Authorities, and credit taken in the Special Accounts for the market value of the fee simple of the Crown Lands so given over.

5. Should new Lands or Buildings not be immediately required for defensive purposes, the above-mentioned proceeds would stand in the special account to the debit of the Colonial Government to be paid out in the same way in the event of funds being ever required in the future for providing lands or buildings for defensive purposes.

470

6. Whenever the Colony desires to retain any lands which the Military Authorities give up, such lands, instead of being offered for sale, would be valued, and the market value of their fee simple at date of surrender would be entered in the Special Account to debit of the Colonial Government, together with the fair selling value at that date of any buildings which might be upon the land. In the event of the surrender of any buildings now existing which in the past were erected at Colonial cost it would only be necessary to record the value of the site. The amounts so entered would be paid out as required for the provision of the lands or buildings for the defensive purposes of the Colony, and the amounts, as in the case of sale, credited to the Colonial Government, the like credit being given in the event of new sites being provided on Crown Lands. Should no new lands or buildings be immediately required the amounts entered would remain to the debit of the Colonial Government until such time, if ever, as lands or buildings should become necessary for defensive purposes.

7. Valuation of land or buildings, when required under the circumstances. above-mentioned, should be made by the Colonial aud Military Authorities con- jointly, or, in the event of their disagreeing by an independent and competent surveyor, to be chosen by agreement between the Home and Colonial Governments, whose report should be final. The cost of employing such surveyor would be borne by the Colonial Government, but should be placed to its credit in the special account.

8. Any lands and buildings provided hereafter for defensive purposes under this arrangement, including land required for rifle ranges or other purposes con- ducing to the efficiency of the garrison, would be occupied by the Military upon a right of perpetual user only, the fee simple of the land remaining in the Crown represented by the Colonial Government. In the event of any such lands being at any time surrendered by the Military Authorities they would be dealt with in the manner above detailed.

9. Before any buildings are commenced the cost of which will be chargeable to the Special Account, the Governor will be informed of the nature and estimated cost of the proposed buildings in order that any observations that he may wish to offer upon them may be duly considered by Her Majesty's Government.

10. It is not proposed to re-open any transactions already closed and lands which have already passed out of Military occupation will remain the property of the Colony, subject of course to any conditions which may have been attached to them at the time when they came into the possession of the Colonial Government.

11. The foregoing proposal relates solely to the terms on which Colonial Military Lands in the hands of the War Department should be surrendered to a Colonial Government. It does not affect the obligation of a Colony to provide other lands required within its borders for military purposes, whether under some special agreement, or under the general obligation that rests on every Colony to contribute, according to its means, towards its own defence. Whatever the cir- cumstances of a Colony may be it is obviously within its means to maintain its Colonial Military Lands intact, in money or kind, for defensive purposes.

12. I request that you will lay this despatch before the Legislative Council and convey to them my earnest hope that the proposals of Her Majesty's Govern- ment will be accepted as a fair and equitable solution to the advantage alike of the Mother Country and of the Colony of a question which has in some Colonies been the subject of considerable and prolonged controversy.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient,

The Officer Administering the Government of

HONG KONG.

humble servant,

RIPON.

539

No. 40

No. 267.

HONGKONG.

DESPATCHES ON THE SUBJECT OF THE MILITARY CONTRIBUTION.

SIR,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

(Governor to Secretary of State.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 28th August, 1895.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of Lord RIPON's despatch, No. 156 of the 27th June last, on the subject of the military contribution to be paid by this Colony.

2. On receiving this despatch I at once communicated it to the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council, who have forwarded to me the reply, a copy of which is enclosed.

3. In this reply you will observe that the Unofficial Members, while not opposing the principle of fixing a proportion of the revenue as the amount of the military contribution, urge that what may be regarded as the municipal items of revenue should be exempted from the percentage to be charged, such exemption having been granted in the case of the Straits Settlements.

4. As you are aware, no municipality exists in Hongkong, and for that reason no distinction has hitherto been made between the revenue collected for general and for municipal purposes. But, though no such distinction has been made, there are certain items of revenue which may legitimately be regarded as municipal, and which, if a municipality existed or were created, would be levied and expended by it. The enclosed list, drawn up by the Acting Treasurer (Mr. THOMSON), shows what these items are. If this Colony is to be treated in the same manner as the Straits Settlements, where the local or municipal revenues, amounting in round figures to 1 million dollars, are exempted from contributing towards the military expenditure, it would seem to be only fair that the municipal revenue of Hongkong should be allowed to enjoy a similar exemption.

5. In this connection it should be remembered, as the Unofficial Members point out, that loans have been raised by this Government for the purpose of carrying out works of a purely municipal nature, such as water-works, markets, &c., and it appears equitable that the revenue derived from such works, instead of being subjected to a charge of 17 per cent., should be applied to their upkeep, to defraying the interest on the moneys raised by loan to construct them, and to forming a sinking fund with a view to the ultimate liquidation of the debt incurred on their account.

6. With respect to the question of barrack accommodation, the Unofficial Members, as will be seen from their reply, are quite prepared to consider any vote that may be brought forward to defray the cost of such buildings as have not yet been commenced, but they are opposed to voting the moneys required for buildings

The Right Honourable

JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, M.P.,

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State

for the Colonies,

&c.,

&c.

540

already erected, as "the ratepayers will very much resent being called upon to pay for works which, without any reference to them or their representatives, "have been already completed or are nearing completion."

7. The arguments, advanced by the Unofficial Members regarding the exemption of the municipal items from contributing towards the military expendi- ture, appear to me to be reasonable and worthy of favourable consideration.

I have the honour to be,

Your Lordship's most obedient,

humble Servant,

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

SIR,

Enclosure 1.

(Unofficial Members, Legislative Council, to Colonial Secretary.)

23rd August, 1895.

We have given our most careful consideration to your letter of the 2nd instant, addressed to the Senior Unofficial Member, in which you transmit the proposal of the late Secretary of State for the Colonies with regard to the military contribution to be paid by the Colony, and would beg to submit certain consider- ations in this connection.

1. The amount fixed by the Secretary of State, viz., 17% on the revenue of the Colony, with the exception of land sales and the premia on leases, would appear to be based on that of the contribution to be paid by Singapore, which is also 17%. Permit us, however, to point out a fact, which may have escaped the notice of the Secretary of State, namely, that the revenues of the two Colonies are on a somewhat different basis, for Singapore has a Municipal Council, and so a distinct municipal revenue, which is exempted from the military contribution, while in Hongkong the figures of the municipal, and of the rest of the revenue, are shown together. It does not appear clear to us from the Secretary of State's despatches whether he recognizes the existence of this difference, as he seems to include the municipal revenue of Hongkong in the amount on which the 17% has to be paid. Against this we must protest, and we would beg to lay before him some most important considerations against such a proceeding.

We consider that the municipal revenue of Hongkong should be treated on the same footing as that of Singapore, the more so, because most of the important municipal works of Hongkong have been paid for by means of loans.

From many

of them we derive a considerable revenue, out of which we have to find the interest on the loans and provide a sinking fund; and it seems hardly reasonable to ask us at the same time to do this, and also to be paying for the military contribution 171% of these revenues.

2. It may be objected that if the amount of the municipal revenue, say, $700,000, be subtracted from the total estimated revenue of the Colony, the military contribution would not reach the sterling sum of £40,000. But we would ask you, Sir, if it has not been our constant contention that this sum has

↓

541

At the time when it was imposed we assented to it, as exchange was comparatively high, but ever since then it has been falling: in 1891 we paid $254,211.12, and in 1894 $371,647.50. The burden has therefore become more and more irksome, as we have constantly represented. Now, however, exchange is rising, and the sum which we should have to pay in dollars, if the same arrangement were adhered to, would be becoming less and less. On the other hand, with the proposed new arrangement, the Imperial Government, receiving a fixed sum of 17% in dollars, will naturally benefit the higher exchange goes. This should be taken into consideration, and also the fact that they will have the advantage both in the fall and the rise.

always been too heavy a burden for this Colony to bear.

3. It must be further borne in mind that any increase in the revenue of the Colony will mean a corresponding one in the military contribution. Now we are informed on good authority that the revenue for this year, instead of being, as estimated, $2,018,000, will probably be nearer $2,300,000, meaning a larger military contribution. There seems to be every reason for hoping that each succeeding year will show a fresh increase in the revenue, so that there would seem to be little cause for the Imperial Government to fear that our Military Contribution will be inadequate.

It may be argued that if in 1894, when our revenue was $2,287,203, we were able to pay $371,647.50, as a military contribution, it should not be difficult for us to pay what the Imperial Government now demands. But what was the result of this heavy disbursement? That to carry on the public works of the Colony we were obliged to raise loans with which we are still saddled. Yet another effect is that we were so straitened for means that the Government buildings were neglected, and now we find that most of our public buildings are con- demned, and that we shall have to rebuild them at a cost, we are given to under- stand, of $650,000. If we are again without funds, we shall find ourselves in the same difficulty as before, and burdened by a further debt.

We would beg you, Sir, to lay our representations before the Secretary of State. That they are well founded we think there can be no contention, and we are confident that, when our case is put before him, he will acknowledge the justice of it. We merely ask to be placed on a par with our sister-colony, and to be allowed to apply our revenues to our own needs. We are most anxious to meet the Imperial Government in every way that we feel is consistent with justice and fairness, and if they will agree to the point we have raised, there will be no hesitation on our part in supporting the Ordinance asked for.

With regard to the Colony's contribution for "Barrack Services," we know that the ratepayers will very much resent being called upon to pay for works which, without any reference to them or their representatives, have been already completed, or are nearing completion. We may say that we concur in this feeling, and therefore feel ourselves bound to oppose any proposal that the Colony should be called upon to bear a share in this expenditure. The case is different with those works which have not yet been begun, and if His Excellency the Governor would bring forward a financial minute regarding them, we would be prepared to consider it.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Colonial Secretary.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servants,

C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

E. R. BELILIOS.

A. MCCONACHIE. J. J. BELL-IRVING.

542

Enclosure 2.

(Acting Colonial Treasurer to the Governor.)

Name.

Åmount.

$370,000

Assessed Taxes,

Billiard Tables and Bowling Alleys Licences,

Carriage, Chair, &c., Licences,

Dog Licences,

Hawkers' Licences,.

Marine Store Dealers' Licences,..

Money Changers' Licences,

Pawnbrokers' Licences,

.....

1,100

40,000

2,500

5,200

900

540

39,000

Spirit Licences,

.....

67,500

Registration of Householders,

1,200

Laundries,

330

Slaughter House,.

40,000

Markets,

62,000

Cattle Sheds,

2,580

Sheep and Pig Depôts,

Night Soil Contract,

Water Account,

12,000

23,280

{

60,000

16,000

Total,.......

$744,130

(Secretary of State to the Governor.)

HONGKONG. No. 258.

SIR,

DOWNING STREET,

26th October, 1895.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 267 of 28th August last, regarding the military contribution of the Colony, and the cost of construction of the new Barracks.

2. With reference to the inclusion in the Hongkong revenue of certain receipts which are of a municipal character, and are not included in the general Revenue of the Straits Settlements, because municipalities exist in that Colony, I have in the first place to point out to you that the municipal revenues at the Straits Settlements are only about 20% of the gross revenues (general and muni- cipal), and that for the sake of comparison between the two Colonies I could not regard as "municipal" several of the items specified in the second enclosure to your despatch under acknowledgment which altogether amount to over 30 % of the Revenue. For instance, Pawnbrokers' Licences and Spirit Licences form part of the general, not the municipal revenue, in the Straits Settlements. In that Colony also the municipalities contribute about $72,000 to the General Revenue for Police purposes, while the municipal work in the outlying districts is performed by the Colonial Government, which receives for that purpose $87,000 under the head "District Collections."

Governor

548

3. Further, the cases of Hongkong and the Straits Settlements cannot be regarded in this matter as on the same footing, since although there are separate municipal revenues in the latter Colony, on the other hand the expenses of general administration are proportionately greater than in Hongkong, partly owing to the larger area of the Colony, which is more than fifty times as large as Hongkong, while the gross revenues (including municipal receipts) are less than three times those of Hongkong, and partly to the distance of the several Settlements from each other, requiring in some branches of the Government service the maintenance of a double or triple staff of officers as compared with the staff required in the compact Colony of Hongkong.

4. Under all the circumstances of the case I see no reason for regarding the proposed percentage, taken on the total revenue of the Colony, as at all an un reasonable contribution to ask for from Hongkong.

5. As regards the expenditure on new Barracks I have to remind you that your predecessor was informed five years ago, in Lord KNUTSFORD's despatch No. 8 of 20th January, 1890, that the Colony would be asked to bear a portion of the cost of their construction. The fact that some of the expenditure had already been incurred was among other considerations taken into account, when it was proposed, in Lord RIPON's despatch No. 83 of 3rd April last, that the Colony should only pay one third of the net total cost of the Barracks, and if the Imperial Government had agreed to pay the whole cost of the buildings already in hand or completed, it could have only been on the condition that the Colony would bear a larger proportion than one third of the remaining expenditure. I trust that on further consideration the Members of the Legislative Council will agree that the proposals of Her Majesty's Government on this subject form a fair and reasonable settlement of the question.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient, humble Servant,

Sir W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&c.,

&c.

J. CHAMBERLAIN.

Note. The previous despatches referred to in paragraph 5 have already been

printed and laid.

139

No. 12

95.

HONGKONG.

SECRETARY OF STATE'S CIRCULAR DESPATCH RESPECTING

COLONIAL MILITARY LANDS AND BUILDINGS.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor,

CIRCULAR.

SIR,

DOWNING STREET,

30th December, 1894.

From correspondence which has taken place respecting Colonial Military Lands and Buildings-that is to say, lands the fee simple of which is vested in the Crown represented by the Colonial Government but of which the War Department has a right of perpetual user for purposes of defence and the Buildings on such lands, in certain Colonies-since my Predecessor's Circular despatch of the 9th of June, 1890, it appears that the exact meaning of the proposals enclosed in the Circular as to the mode of dealing with such lands when no longer required for Military purposes has not been clearly understood.

2. Her Majesty's Government have carefully reconsidered the question and have decided to adhere to the proposals adopted by their predecessors and communicated to the Colonial Governments in Lord KNUTSFORD'S Circular despatch, and with the view of removing any misunderstanding they have thought it desirable to formulate their proposals in the following terms, viz. :-

"The free surrender to the Colony of all Colonial Military Lands and Buildings no longer required by Her Majesty's Government on the engagement by the Colony that, in the event of lands and buildings being required then or in the future for the defence of the Colony, the Colony shall provide an equivalent for the lands and buildings so surrendered, towards the satisfaction of the above-mentioned require- ments, and to that intent the value of the lands and buildings surrendered shall be ascertained and recorded, and any lands and buildings provided out of that value shall be held by Her Majesty's Government on the same tenure as those surrendered."

3. This proposal is based upon the assumption that the Colonial Military Lands in question constitute a permanent Defence Fund of the Colony, the integrity of which ought to be preserved, in kind or value, even though the original lands them- selves may be diverted to Civil purposes. Accordingly, whenever such lands which have been set apart for defensive purposes have, from change of circumstances, or from an altered scheme of defence, or from any other reason, ceased to answer the purposes for which they were set apart, and are in consequence surrendered by the Military Authorities, their value should be treated as forming a capital applicable, either immediately or from time to time, so far as it will extend, to providing other lands or buildings which inay be required in the Colony for such purposes.

4. Effect would be given to the above proposal in the following manner:— If the Colonial Government should not desire to retain the lands and buildings to be surrendered, they will be sold in the open market, and the proceeds paid into the Colonial Treasury, when the amount would be entered in a special account to the debit of the Colonial Government. In the event of any new lands or buildings being immediately required for the defensive purposes of the Colony the amount of the above-mentioned proceeds, or a sufficient portion of them, would be paid out as required for the purchase of the new sites, and for the construction of the new build- ings; the amounts so paid out being entered in the Special Account to the credit of the Colonial Government. Should the new sites, instead of being purchased from private owners, be located on Crown Lands in the possession of the Colonial Govern- ment the necessary lands would be given over to the Military Authorities, and credit taken in the Special Accounts for the market value of the fee simple of the Crown Lands so given over.

The Officer Administering the Government of

HONGKONG.

6. Whenever the Colony desires to retain any lands which the Military Author- ities give up, such lands, instead of being offered for sale, would be valued, and the market value of their fee simple at date of surrender would be entered in the Special Account to debit of the Colonial Government, together with the fair selling value at that date of any buildings which might be upon the land. In the event of the sur- render of any buildings now existing which in the past were erected at Colonial cost it would only be necessary to record the value of the site. The amounts so entered would be paid out as required for the provision of the lands or buildings for the defensive purposes of the Colony, and the amounts, as in the case of sale, credited to the Colonial Government, the like credit being given in the event of new sites being provided on Crown Lands. Should no new lands or buildings be immediately required the amounts entered would remain to the debit of the Colonial Government until such time, if ever, as lands or buildings should become necessary for defensive purposes.

7. Valuation of land or buildings, when required under the circumstances above- mentioned, should be made by the Colonial and Military Authorities conjointly, or, in the event of their disagreeing by an independent and competent surveyor, to be chosen by agreement between the Home and Colonial Governments, whose report should be final. The cost of employing such surveyor would be borne by the Colonial Government, but should be placed to its credit in the special account.

8. Any lands and buildings provided hereafter for defensive purposes under this arrangement, including land required for rifle ranges or other purposes conducing to the efficiency of the garrison, would be occupied by the Military upon a right of perpetual user only, the fee simple of the land remaining in the Crown represented by the Colonial Government. In the event of any such lands being at any time surrendered by the Military Authorities they would be dealt with in the manner above detailed.

9. Before any buildings are commenced the cost of which will be chargeable to the Special Account, the Governor will be informed of the nature and estimated cost of the proposed buildings in order that any observations that he may wish to offer upou them may be duly considered by Her Majesty's Government.

11. The foregoing proposal relates solely to the terms on which Colonial Military Lands in the hands of the War Department should be surrendered to a Colonial Government. It does not affect the obligation of a Colony to provide other lands required within its borders for military purposes, whether under some special agreement, or under the general obligation that rests on every Colony to contribute, according to its means, towards its own defence. Whatever the circumstances of a Colony may be it is obviously within its means to maintain its Colonial Military Lands intact, in money or kind, for defensive purposes.

12. I request that you will lay this despatch before the Legislative Council and convey to them my earnest hope that the proposals of Her Majesty's Government will be accepted as a fair and equitable solution to the advantage alike of the Mother Country and of the Colony of a question which has in some Colonies been the subject of considerable and prolonged controversy.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient, humble Servant,

RIPON.

HONGKONG.

No. 216.

537

No. 95

HONGKONG.

DESPATCH RESPECTING MR. JUSTICE ACKROYD'S RATE OF PENSION.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

SIR,

DOWNING STREET,

29th August, 1895.

With reference to previous correspondence on the subject of the rate at which

Mr. Justice ACKROYD should be allowed to draw his pension, I transmit to you

Mr. Justice ACKROYD.__ the enclosed copies of correspondence from which you will perceive that I have

7th August, 1895.

C.O., 16th August.

Mr. Justice ACKROYD. 17th August.

C.O., 29th August.

thought it better to concede the point which he contended for.

I was aware that my Predecessor had only arrived at a contrary conclusion

after much doubt and deliberation; but whilst I recognise the force of the argu-

ments which found most weight with him, I have thought that as there was a

doubt and as the matter, through some oversight, was not made clear to Mr. Justice

ACKROYD at the time of his appointment it was preferable on grounds of public

policy to lean to the more generous view.

The pension will amount to two-thirds of $8,400, or, in other words, to $5,600,

which, at the exchange rate of 4/2d. to the dollar, will be equal to £1,166.13.4 a

year.

The Crown Agents have been instructed to pay Mr. ACKROYD at this rate

from Hongkong funds pending a reference to the Mauritius Government and the

verification of the sum which that Colony should contribute towards his total

pension. The payments will then be adjusted between the two Colonies.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient,

humble Servant,

J. CHAMBERLAIN.

Governor,

Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&c.,

&c.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE OBSERVATORY FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

337 No. 25

HONGKONG OBSERVATORY,

23rd March, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to submit my annual report for 1894 to His Excellency the Governor. My tenth volume of observations and researches was published last summer and the eleventh volume is now being printed.

19.

2. In my last annual report I was able to state that "precedence urgency had been granted by the Eastern Extension and Great Northern Telegraph Companies and also by the Chinese Telegraph Administration to our messages. I regret, however, to be unable to report any improvement in the time of receipt of these, and so far as the United Telegraph Companies are concerned the delay would thus appear to be beyond their control. With regard to the messages coming over the lines of the Chinese Telegraph Administration, the case is however different, as it is clearly established that the messages are handed in at their offices immediately and, therefore, it is certain that the delay occurs in transmission over their lines. But as the messages received through this channel pass over land lines communication will, of course, be more frequently interrupted. The tardy receipt or non-arrival of the observations interferes greatly with the prompt issue of weather intelligence, and the early or late issue of such must necessarily depend upon the time of receipt of the observations from the coast stations. With regard to the observations made at Anping (South Formosa) and Hoihow (Hainan), the messages are so sellom received in time that for the purpose of storm-warnings they are as a rule practically useless, and as both these stations are outposts, as regards local warnings, so to speak, the one to the east and the other to the west of the Colony, it is readily seen that the non-receipt of these observations is a very great loss. Last typhoon season the Hoihow observations would have been particularly valuable, had they been received, as many of the typhoons approached the immediate neighbourhood of that station, and there is no doubt that were the Hoihow observations received in time, the information the Observatory is able to give with regard to typhoons in the China Sea would be much improved. Unfortunately the irregularities and delay in the receipt of the messages are more frequent in the typhoon season than in the winter months, and this remark applies to all stations, Bolinao excepted.

3. The thanks of the Government are due to the Telegraph Companies for their kindness in continuing to forward the meteorological telegrams free of charge, and the staff of the Eastern Exten- sion Telegraph Company at Bolinao is to be especially thanked for their kind aid in making observa- tions at all times, but particularly during the typhoon season. During the past year their help has been invaluable in this respect and their observations during the passage of typhoon centres in the vicinity of the station enabled Mr. FIGG to indicate the subsequent movements of such typhoons in the China Sea with accuracy. The staff of the same Company at Sharp Peak, near Foochow, also rendered valuable assistance on two or three occasions, and it would be a great improvement could the Telegraph Company be prevailed upon to allow the staff to forward observations regularly. No observations have been received from Foochow since the 10th September last, when the port was closed on account of the China-Japan war.

4. In my last annual report I stated that Victoria Peak and Gap Rock would shortly be placed in direct communication with the Observatory. This improvement has not yet been effected, and the wind. observations made at Victoria Peak are often received too late for insertion in the China Coast Register, and latterly no observations have been received until about 2.30 p.m. and frequently later than this each day. This apparently arises to a great extent from the roundabout method by which the observations are forwarded to the United Telegraph Offices in Queen's Road for transmission to the Observatory. The importance of the wind observations from Victoria Peak has frequently been insisted on by me, but their value is at once discounted through the delay in transmission.

5. The following table shows the times of observation at the various coast stations and the per- centage of days during the month of June last, when the morning or afternoon observations were received at the Observatory after 11 a. or 5 p. respectively. It is seen that on about two-thirds of

338

the days during the month the observations from the most important stations, Bolinao excepted, were not received in time to enable the China Coast Register to be issued until after 11 a. The delay in the receipt of the messages thus exhibited includes also that which has occurred through interrup- tions of the local (Observatory) line. This is given as an example and it shows that considerable delays, beyond the control of the Observatory, must frequently occur in the issue of weather intel- ligence as long as the observations are not more promptly received :—

Station.

Times of Observation.

A.M. Observation

P.M. Observation

Station.

received after 11 a.

received after 5 p.

Times of Observation.

A.M. Observation

received

P.M. Observation received

after 11 a.

after 5 p.

Tokio,..

10 a., 2 p.

Victoria Peak,

10 a.,

4 p.

Nagasaki,

10 a.

Gap Rock,

10 a.,

Shanghai,

9 a., 3 p.

Macao,

10 a.,

4 p.

Foochow,

9 a., 3 p.

Amoy,

9 a., 3 p.

383

100

Haiphong,

7 a., 1.30 p.

Hoihow,.....

9 a.,

100

Anping,

9.a.

3 p.

100

Bolinao,

8 a.,

2 p.

Swatow,

9 a., 3 p.

Manila,

10 a., 4 p.

Canton,

9 a., 3 p.

Cape St. James,...

7 a., 3 p.

6. Telegraphic connection with Victoria was interrupted on the following days in 1894:-23rd February, 11.10 a. to 2.6 p.; 7th April, 12.30 p. to 6.25 p.; June 6th, 9.20 a. to June 7th 10.25 a.;. June 22nd, 9.45 a. to 1.30 p.; June 25th, 10 a. to June 26th 6.15 a.; June 26th, 9.45 a. to 10.19 a.; 10.28 a. to 10.45 a., noon to 2.4 p., 3.37 p. to 4.56 p.; June 28th, 2.10 p. to 2.53 p.; July 1st, 2.30 p. to July 2nd 10.52 a.; September 19th, 7.10 a. to 21st 12.20 p.; October 5th, 11.26 a. to 8th October 1.35 P.; November 9th, 3.20 p. to 10.20 p.; November 19th, 10.20 a. to 2 p.; Novem- ber 21st, 9.50 a. to 11.25 a.; November 22nd, 9.56 a. to 11.30 a., 11.45 a. to 12.35 p.; November 23rd, 10.20 a. to 12.20 p. Interruptions, therefore, occurred on 22 days as well as during thunder- storms. Telephonic connection between the look-out on the Peak and the Post Office in Victoria (for transmitting observations every hour to the Observatory) was interrupted from the 3rd July at 6 a. to the 4th July at 6 a.; from the 3rd September at noon to the 4th September at 6 a.; from the 5th September at 6 a. to the 5th September at 8 p.; from the 23rd September at 6 a. to the 24th Sep- tember at 6 a.; from the 25th September at 6 a. to the 28th September at 6 a.; from the 5th October at 11 a. to 11th October at 6 a.; from the 14th October at 6 a. to the 15th October at 6 a.; from the 28th November at 2 p. to the 29th November at 6 a.; from the 8th December at 2 p. to the 9th December at 6 a., and from the 23rd December at 2 p. to the 24th December at 6 a., i.e., on 26 days as well as during thunderstorms.

7. The China Coast Meteorological Register was printed daily at the Observatory, and informa- tion regarding storms was telegraphed and exhibited on notice boards in Hongkong and elsewhere as often and as fully as such information could be justified by the observations received. Some of these notices were telegraphed by Mr. FIGG to a printer in Hongkong, who issued them in the form of "expresses." Such expresses used to be circulated by the Police, but the Government intimated to me last summer that it would be preferable to issue them as printed expresses except on Sundays or after the printing office is closed.

8. Telegrams giving information about typhoons were issued on 61 days by Mr. FIGG. The Red Drum was hoisted 3 times, Red North Cone 2, Red South Cone 5, Black Ball 8, Black North Cone 1, Black South Cone 8, Lanterns vertically 5 times. The gun was fired one round 6 times, and two rounds twice. Printed expresses were circulated 3 times.

9. During 1894, in addition to meteorological registers kept at about 40 stations on shore, 1348 ship-logs have been received. 1123 were forwarded by Captains and 225 were copied on board ship in the harbour. The ship-logs collected in 1894 were thus distributed :--for 1890, 1 log; for 1892, 1 log; for 1893, 44 logs; for 1894, 1302 logs. The total number of ships, whose log-books have been made use of, was 292. The total number of days' observations was 17093. These data, which are

339

very complete, are collected, reduced, tabulated and made available for the study of typhoons and other meteorological features by Miss DOBERCK. Mr. FIGG has finished the investigation of the typhoons of 1890, and I have commenced those in 1891, but the investigation of the typhoons in 1893 has not yet been touched. These unfortunate arrears of work, by which we are handicapped in our storm- warnings, are due solely to the undermanning of the Observatory in 1889 and 1890.

year

10. The thanks of the Government are due to all those commanders of vessels who during the 1894 have made meteorological observations regularly and forwarded them to the Observatory, and also to those who have given facilities for the copying of their meteorological logs on board. Mr. KIRKWOOD, of the I. M. C. C. Kaipan, is to be especially thanked for the very complete observations he made during last summer while this vessel was stationed on the south coast of Hainan. His observ- ations have been of great value for the determination of some of the typhoon tracks of last year.

11. The following is a list of ships from which logs have been obtained in 1894. Those to which* is prefixed have been communicated directly by their respective Captains, and the remainder have been copied on board the several vessels. The majority are steam-ships and the others are distinguished as follows:-b, barque; s, ship; sch., schooner; bqt., barquentine :-

Abner Coburn (s), *Activ, Adam W. Spies (b), *Aden, Agamemnon, *Aglaia, A. G. Ropes (s), *Airlie, *Ajax, A. K. Wood (sch.), Alcides (4 m b), *Altair (b), *Alwine, *Amigo, *Amoy, Amy Turner (b), *Ancona, Andelana (4 m s), Andreta (b), *Afghanistan, *Ardgay, *Argyll; *Ariake Maru, *Arratoon Apcar, *Assam, Atlantic (s), Aviso, L'In- constant (Frigate), Avochie, Barcore (s), Bayard (b), *Bayard (Fr. Flagship), *Bayern, *Belgic, *Bellona, *Benalder, *Bengloe, *Benlomond, Benvenue, Bidstore Hill (b), *Bisagno, Bittern (bqt), *Bombay, *Bormida, *Borneo, *Brema, *Bucephalus, *Bullmouth, *Bygdo, *Bylgia (s), *Canton, *Canton (P. and O.), *Carmarthenshire, *Cascapedia, Cassius, *Cathay, *Catherine Apcar, *Centurion (H.M.S.), Charon Wattana (b), *Cheang Hock Kian, *Chelydra, China, *China (P.M.), *Chingtu, *Chi Yuen, *Chowfa, *Choy Sang, *Chusan, *City of Peking, *City of Rio de Janeiro, *Clyde, Colonna (b), Comet (b), *Continental, County of Cardiganshire (s), Cromarty, *Daphne, *Darmstadt, *Decima, *Denbighshire, *Deuteros, *Devawongse, *Devonhurst, *Diamond, *Donar, *Dryfesdale, Edward May (b), *Elax, *Emily Reed (s), *Empress of China, *Empress of India, *Empress of Japan, *Esang, *Esmeralda, *Ethiope, *Exe, Falls of Clyde (s), Fannie Skolfield (b), *Feilung, *Fernando (b), Fidelio, Fokien, *Foohng Suey (b), *Fooksang, *Formosa, Framnes, *Frejr, *Fushun, *Gaelic, *Ganges, Gera, Gerard C. Tobei (s), *Gerda, *Gisela, *Glamorganshire, *Glenavon, *Glenesk, *Glenorchy, *Glengyle, Guthrie, *Gwalior, *Glücksburg, Hackfeld (b), Hailoong, *Haiphong, *Hangchow, *Hanoi, Herat (s), Hiddekel (s), *Hiogo Maru, Holstein, *Hongay, *Hongkong, *Hupeh, *Imacos (b), *Ingraban, *Irene, Iser, Ivy (s), *Jacob Diederichsen, *Japan, Japan (b), *Java, *Josephus (s), *Kaipan (R.S.), Keemun, Kenilworth (4 m s), *Kiel, Kistna (s), Kitty (b), *Kong Beng, *Kutsang, *Kwang Chia, *Kwanglee, *Kweilin, *Kweiyang, *Kwongsang, *Lawang, *Leander (H.M.S.), *Lemantha, (s), Lennox, *Le Schepp (s), *Lightning, *Likin (R.C.), Lilian Robbins (s), Lina (b), *Loosok, Lothair (b), Lyderhorn, *Lyeemoon, *Macduff, Machew, Maiden City (b), *Malacca, *Malwa, *Manila, *Maria Valerie, Martha Davis (s), *Mathilde, *Melbourne, *Melpomene, *Menmuir, Mongkut, *Moray, *Mount Washington (b), *Namoa, *Nanchang, *Nanyang, *Natal, *Ningpo, *Niobe, *Nürnberg, *Oakley, *Oanfa, *Oceana, *Oceanic, *Omega, (b), Otago (b), *Oxus, *Pakling, *Pakshan, *Palamed, Pandur (b), Paramita (s), Parthian, *Pathan, *Peiyang, *Pekin, *Peninsular, *Peru, *Phra Chom Klao, *Phra Chula Chom Klao, *Phra Nang, *Ping Suey, *Poseidon, *Presto, *Preussen, *Priam, *Priok, *Progress, *Pronto, *Propontis, *Rattler (H.M.S.), *Ravenna, Rheingold, Rio, *Riversdale, *Rohilla, Rosetta, *Rossia (M. of W.), *Saghalien, *Salazie, Schwalbe, Sebastian Bach, Seine, *Selkirk (s), *Severn (H.M.S.), Serrano (b), Sierra Miranda (s), *Shanghai, *Shantung, Sharpshooter (b), Siam, *Sikh, Silberhorn (b), *Sishan, Stanfield (b), St. Mark (s), *Strathdee, *Strathleven, *Sungkiang, *Surat, Susquehannah (s), *Sutlej, *Swatow, *Sydney, *Tacoma, *Taicheong, *Taichiow, *Tailee, *Taisang, *Taiwan, Taiyick, *Taksang, *Tamarind, Tam O'Shanter (s), Tantalus, *Teheran, *Telamon, *Thales, *Thames, Thermopyla, (b), *Thibet, *Toyo Maru, *Tritos, Trocas, *Isinan, Turbo, Ulysses, Velocity (b), *Verona, *Victoria, *Vorwärtz, Wandering Jew, (s), Wingsang, Wm. Le Lacheur (b), *Worcester, *Wuotan, *Yarra, *Yiksang, *Yuensang, Zafiro.

340

12. The entry of observations made at sea in degree squares for the area between 9° south and 45° north latitude, and between the longitude of Singapore and 180° East of Greenwich for the construction of trustworthy pilot charts has been continued, and 61385 observations in all have now been entered.

Table I.

Meteorological Observations entered in 10° Squares in 1893 and 1894.

Square

number.

January.

Feb. March. April.

May.

June.

July. August. Sept. October.

Nov. Dec.

❤

122

126

114

136

134

145

120

112

114

262

208

180

145

172

192

609

586

758

880

1097

1035

992

1034

960

938

789

684

110

123

173

.97

569

561

814

798

1156

1141

1044

980

1087

820

755

662

517

568

706

783

956

814

675

600

668

581

512

535

10 10

765

611

655

607

962

921

790

810

682

793

614

702

236

187

254

275

352

338

272

267

264

272

255

257

127

128

129

130

121

139

117

114

131

169

131

129

122

145

173

158

191

128

154

156

136

132

352

217

415

396

539

530

499

459

435

474

410

327

133

163

120

ΤΟ

164

133

165

134

166

167

168

199

200

322

323

324

28.

325

112

128

100

4345

3936

4853

4960

6308

6104

5957

5507

5218

5243

4598

4456

13. As stated in the "Instructions for making Meteorological Observations, etc.." (Kelly Walsh, 1892) meteorological instruments forwarded by observers who regularly send their registers to the Observatory, are verified here free of cost. During the past year 6 aneroids were verified. In addition several hundred marine barometers and aneroids on board ship were compared with the Observatory standard.

341

14. The following table shows the spectroscopic rainband as observed daily at about 10 a. mean value for the year was 2.4. :-

The

Table II.

Rainband in 1894.

Date.

Jan. Feb. March.

Apr. May. June. July. Aug.

Sept. Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1 2 2 N N

2 2 2

NNN N

2 23

N N

CO 2 00 00

00.00

comm

co co

~ ~

2 3

10,

11,

12,

+ │+1

2 2

N CO

co co

T +

60 2

2 CO

2 +

00 00

5 10

co co

13,

14,

I +

☺

15,

16,

ลง

17,

18,

N N

19,

ลง

20,

21,

22.

23,

24,

25,

26,

OI OI O N

27,

2 2 2

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ co

2 2 2

co co co

co 00

co co

Co Co to

00 00

ون

10 00

28,

29,

N N ∞ ∞ N N N

2+-

N N N

∞ N. N

∞ co

co co

∞ ∞ ∞

11+

}

CAD

10 00 0

30,

31,

2 2

Mean......

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.8

3.0

3.1.

3.1

2.3

1.2

1.4

23 00

1 + + 1

+ 11

00 00

N N

}

6 Gì CV GI

N N

~ ~ ~ ~ O

ON N N N

+1 +1

N N N

NN N

2 2 2

~ ~

15. The tide-tables for the port of Hongkong for 1895 have been obtained by Mr. E. ROBERTS by aid of his tide-predicting machine from the hourly readings for the three years 1887, 1888 and 1889.

16. The number of transits observed by Mr. PLUMMER in 1894 was 660, the inclination of the axis was determined 288 times, and circumpolar stars for determination of azimuth and collimation crrors were observed 13 times. The following miscellaneous observations have been made :--

Moon Sun

.21 observations. ...82

Moon Culminating Stars ......... 13

the remainder (529) being for time determination. Each limb of the sun has been counted separately. The azimuth of the meridian mark above Wanchai, which I constructed in 1884, has been determined 8 times by Mr. PLUMMER, but it is not yet ascertained how much or to which side it deviates from the meridian, as that depends upon the weight attributed to individual measures, and the unweighted mean result is below the probable error. The rates of the standard clocks are exhibited in the following table. They are compared with the rates calculated from formulæ exhibited at the head of the tables. On September 10 at 10.30 a. the cord of the sidereal standard clock snapped while being wound up.

The clock was kept going with a shortened cord until September 17 at 5 p. when it was stopped to admit of an alteration being made in the stopping gear. On this occasion all the pivots The acceleration in the rate which took place in the earlier months, probably owing to dryness of the pivots, is not observable after the oiling of the pivots on September 17.

were oiled.

342

Jan. 1- Sept. 2 Sept. 22-Dec. 31

Period.

Table III.

Rate of Sidereal Standard Clock in 1894.

T+03.08-0°,063 -70°) −0.0028 (t-Jan. 1.) [arc=3° 6′

-0.75 -0.063 (t−70°)

Observed rate

Temp.

[arc=3° 3′ 1']

Calculated rate.

December

26-January

5.....

+0.33

65.0

+0.39

-0.06

January

15,...

+0.56

60.8

+0.63

-0.07

15-

25,........

+0.33

65.0

+0.33

0.00

15-February

4,........

+0.56

59.0

+0.69

-0.13

February 4-

14,.......

+0.64

61.1

+0.53

+0.11

14-

24,......

+0.51

62.9

+0.39

+0.12

24-March

6........

+0.31

65.0

+0.22

+0.09

March

6— ""

+0.41

62.5

+0.35

+0.06

16-

26,......

+0.33

64.3

+0.21

+0.12

26-April

5,.......

+0,17

68.3

-0.06

+0.23

April

15,......................

-0.09

70.3

-0.22

+0.13

15-

25,.......................

-0.27

73.9

-0.48

+0.21

25-May

5,.........

-0.46

74.8

-0.56

+0.10

May

15,.........

-0.75

78.7

-0.84

+0.09

15-

25,........

.0.88

79.3

-0.89

+0.01

25-June

4.........

-0.91

76.9

-0.78

-0.13

June'

14,

-1.11

79.7

-0.98

-0.13

14-

24,.....

- 1.20

80.9

- 1.04

-0.16

24-July

4.........

-1.47

82.6

-1.22

-0.25

July

14,........

- 1.42

$3.5

-1.31

-0.11

14-

24,....

- 1.32

81.4

- 1.20

-0.12

24-August

3,...

- 1.34

82.4

- 1.29

-0.05

August

13,.

- 1.38

82.7

-1.34

-0.04

13-

23,....

-1.38

81.3

- 1.28

-0.10

23-September 2,......

-1.43

83.4

- 1.45

+0.02

September 2-

12,....

82.0

12-

22,.

82.4

22-October

2,.......

→ 1,68

80,9

-1.44

-0.24

October

12,.......

- 1.47

77.3

- 1.21

-0.26

12-

22,.

-1.15

75.6

-1.10

-0.05

22-November

November

1,.......

-0.91

72.5

-0.91

0,00

11,.......

-0.71

70.5

-0.78

+0.07

21,......

-0.63

69.9

-0.75

+0.12

21-December

1........

-0.75

72.7

-0.92

+0.17

December

11,......

-0.62

68.7

-0.67

+0.05

11-

21,......

-0.33

63.3

-0.33

0.00

21-

31,.......

-0.24

63.7

-0.36

+0.12

Period.

Table IV.

Rate of Brock Standard Mean Time Clock in 1894. r.-0.14-0.124 (7-75°) −0.0056 (t-Jan. 1.)

Observed rate.

Temp.

Arc.

Calculated rate.

December 26-January 5,

+0.39

70.1

3 56 48

+0.47

-0.08

January

15,

+0.71

66.3

3 55 42

+0.88

-0.17

15-

25,

+0.42

70.1

3 56 42

+0.36

+0.06

25-February 4,

+0.88

64.0

3 54 42

+1.05

-0.17

February

14,

+0.47

66.3

3 54 42

+0.72

-0.25

24,

+0.38

68.7

3 54 42

+0.36

+0.02

24-March

6,..

+0.15

70.6

3 53 18

+0.07

+0.08

March

16,

+0.25

68.0

3 53

+0.34

-0.09

16-

26,

-0.01

69.9

3 53 48

+0.01

-0.05

26-April

-0.25

72.8

3 54 18

-0.37

+0.12

April

5--

15,

-0.50

74.4

3 54 12

-0.63

+0.13

15-

25,.

-0.73

77.6

3 53 48

- 1.08

+0.35

25-May

-0.87

78.1

3 53 19

- 1.19

+0.32

May

15,.

-1.33

81.4

3 53 42

-1.66

+0.33

15-

25,

-1.52

$1.2

3 54 18

- 1.69

+0.17

25-June

- 1.62

79.4

3 55 6

- 1.53

-0.09

June

14,

- 1.91

81.6

3 54 24

-1.86

-0.05

14-

24,

-2.18

83.0

3 54 12

-2.08

-0.10

24-July

-2.36

84.3

3 55 24

-2.30

-0.06

July

14,

-2.50

84.7

56 0

-2.40

-0.10

14-

24,

-2.53

83.3

3 56 6

-2.29

-0.24

24-August

-2.54

84.2

55 54

-2.46

-0.08

August

.99

13-

23-September 2,

September 2-

13,

-2.59

84.6

56 6

-2.56

-0.03

23,

-2.52

83.3

3 55 0

-2.46

-0.06

-2.63

85.4

3 54 42

-2.77

+0.14

12, ****

- 2.63

84.5

12-

22,...

-2.71

84.7

3 55

13 13

55 12

-2.72

+0.09

-2.80

+0.09

22-October 2,

-2,58

83.6

October 2-

12,

-2.47

79,6

18 18

55 30

-2.72

+0.14

55 30

-2.28

-0.19

12-

22.

-2.30

77.9

$ 55 30

-2.12

-0.18

22--November 1,

-2,13

75.2

3 56 30

-1.94

-0.19

November 1.

11,

-1.78

73.5

56 30

- 1,69

-0.09

9.9

11-

21,

-1.56

74.2

3 56 36

-1.83

+0.27

21-December 1,.

-1.82

75.5

3 56 42

-2.05

+0.23

December 1-

11,

- 1,70

70.8

3 56 48

- 1.52

-0.18

11-

21,

- 1.39

67.5

3 56 18

— 1,17

-0.22

21-

31,

- 1.26

68.3

3 56 0

- 1.33

+0.07

343

344

17. The rate of the Brock Standard Mean Time Clock, reduced to 75°, appears to depend to some extent upon the position of the weight; going faster immediately after the clock is wound up, and gradually more and more slowly until the time of the next winding. This seven-day period has been observed ever since the clock was erected in August 1891, as is shown in the following table:-

Mean Daily Rute

Interval.

for 3 days after

Weeks

winding

+ 2.583

+ 2.442

1.392

Mean Daily Rate for 4 days before

winding + 2.651

Difference

0°.068

0.111

0.056

Jan. 5, 1892-Jan. 16, 1893 Jan. 20, 1893-Dec. 21, 1893 Jan. 23, 1894-Mar. 5, 1895

+ 2.553

1.336

The daily change of rate due to this cause has been determined for the intermediate period and together with the observed arc of the pendulum corresponding thereto is shown below. It is to be remarked that the clock is regularly wound on Monday morning, and that the rate for the 24 hours subsequent to that is entered opposite to the day. The sudden increase of the arc of the pendulum on Saturday is due to the fact that it is then often read by Mr. FIGG, whose habit of observing it is to give a greater reading than Mr. PLUMMER who has made the other observations :-

Mean Daily Rate.

Mean Arc of Pendulum.

3° 56′ 55′′

Monday, Tuesday,

Wednesday,

Thursday,

Friday,

Saturday,

Sunday,

+ 2$.428

+ 2.444

3 56 54

•

+ 2.455

3 56 46

•

+ 2.497

56 48

+ 2.543

56 3

56 43

56 1

....+2.593 + 2.571

18. During the year 1894 the Time Ball has been dropped daily except on Government holidays. On the 29th July it was not hoisted as one of the wires in the discharge circuit was found corroded. On the 19th September, the 25th and 30th of the same month, and also on the 5th October the wind was two strong to risk hoisting the ball. The line was interrupted on the 6th and 7th October. The ball failed once in 1894. The failure was due to the top of the cylinder being dirty with thickened oil. The following table exhibits the errors of the time-ball in 1894. It will be seen that these never exceeded a half a second perceptibly, and that in nearly three out of four cases there was practically no error noticeable. This was due to the care bestowed upon the astronomical observations by Mr. PLUMMER.

Table V.

Errors of Time-Ball in 1894.

means too late.

+ means too early.

Date.

Jan.

Feb. March. April. | May.

June,

July.

Aug. Sept.

Oct. Nov. Dec.

08.1

0'.1

0.1 1+0.2

+0.2

0.1

08.1

0'.1

-0°.3

0.1

...

0.1

+0.3

+0.2

0.1

-0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.2

+0.2

0.1

-0.2

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.3

0.2

+0.3

0.1

+0.2

-0.2 +0.2

0.1

+0.2

0.1

+0.3

0.1

0.1 +0.3

0.1

0.1 +0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.4 ..

10,

0.1

0.1 +0.2 +0.2 0.1

0.1

+0.2

0.1

11,

0.1

0.1 +0.4

0.1

+0.2

0.1

12,

0.1

0.2

0.1 +0.3 +0.3 +0.3

0.1

13,

0.1

0.2

0.1

+0.4 +0.5

0.1

-0.2

0.1

14,

+0.3

0.1

0.1 +0.2

0.1

-0.2

0.1

15,

+0.4

0.1

0.1 +0.3 0.1

-0.3

0.1

-0.2

16,

+0.5 0.1 +0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.2

0.1 +0.4

0.1

-0.3

17.

+0.5

-0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.2

0.1 +0.4 0.1

0.2

0.1

0.4

18,

+0.5

0.2

0.1

+0.2

+0.3

0.1

-0.2 +0.2

0.1

19,

+0.4

-0.3

0.1

0.1 +0.3

0.1

0.2

-0.2 +0.2

0.1

20,

+0.4

0.1

0.1 +0.4

0.1

0.3

+0.5

0.1 +3

0.1

21,

0.2 +0.2

0.1

0.1 +0.4

0.1

22,

0.2 +0.3

+0.2

0.1 +0.4

0.1

23,

0.3

0.1

...

+0.6

0.1

+0.2

0.1 +0.3

0.1

24,

-0.4 0.1

+0.2

+0.2 +0.3

0.1

25,

0.2

0.1

+0.3

0.1

26,

0.1 +0.2

0.1

27,

-0:2

0.1

0.1 +0.3

0.1

.0.2

0.3

28.

-0.3

0.1

0.1 +0.5

0.1

.0.1 -0.3

0.4

29,

-0.3

0.1 +0.2 +0.8

0.1

0.6

30,

-0.2

31,

+0.2

0.1 +0.2 0.1

0.1

0.1 -0.2

0.1

+0.3

-0.4

+0.2

0.1

345

19. During my absence on leave from the 28th May to the 26th December, inclusive, after eleven years continuous service in the Colony, Mr. J. I. PLUMMER, Chief Assistant, took charge of the astro- nomical and magnetic observations, including the time-hall, and Mr. F. G. FIGG, First Assistant, attended to weather-forecasts and storm-warnings and superintended the meteorological work. The way Mr. FIGG discharged these duties, which are of considerable importance to shipping, during my absence, is deserving of the highest praise, and calls, I respectfully submit, for some reward from the Government. Miss A. DOBERCK, Assistant Meteorologist, attended to maritime meteorology and made weather maps.

Mr. Ho To SHANG, Second Assistant, attended to the monthly and annual weather- reports, in which he was assisted by two native computers, who also made hourly observations day and night and attended to electric and photographic work. Some of the instruments suffered during my absence from various causes, but I expect to have them in as good order next summer as they were last spring.

20. Observations of magnetic declination and horizontal force were made by Mr. PLUMMER and reduced by Mr. FiGo with the unifilar magnetometer Elliott Brothers, No. 55, and the dips were observed with dip-circle, Dover No. 71. The methods adopted in making the observations and in determining and applying the corrections are explained in Appendix G of Observations and Researches made in 1885: "On the verification of the unifilar magnetometer Elliott Brothers No. 55." The value of log K was 3.44901 at 25°. The value of P was +8.360. The mean value of the magnetic moment of the vibrating needle was 0.45363 in English units and 592.24 in C. G. S. units.

The times of vibration exhibited is the table are each derived from 12 observations of the time occupied by the magnet in making 100 vibrations, corrections having been applied for rate of chronome- ter and arc of vibration.

[The observations of horizontal force are expressed in C.G.S. units (one centimetre, one gramme, one second), but the monthly synopsis exhibites X, the horizontal, as well as Y, the vertical, and total forces, which have been computed by aid of the observed dips, and their value is also given in English units (one foot, one grain, one second) and in Gauss's units (one millimetre, one milligramme, one second.]

21. The cisterns of the barograph and standard barometers are placed 109 feet above M.S.L. The bulbs of the thermometers are rotated 108 feet above M.S.L., and 4 feet above the grass. The solar radiation thermometer is placed at the same height. The rim of the rain-guage is 105 feet above M.S.L., and 21 inches above the ground.

22. The monthly weather reports are arranged as follows:-

Table I. exhibits the hourly readings of the barometer reduced to freezing point of water, but not to sea level, as measured (at two minutes to the hour named) from the baro-

grams.

Tables II. and III. exhibit the temperature of the air and of evaporation as determined by aid of rotating thermometers. Table II. exhibits also extreme temperatures reduced to rotating thermometer. Table III. exhibits also the solar radiation (black bulb in vacuo) maximum temperatures reduced to Kew arbitrary standard.

Table IV. exhibits the meau relative humidity in percentage of saturation and mean tension of water vapour present in the air in inches of mercury, for every hour of the day and for every day of the month, calculated by aid of Blanford's tables from the data in Tables II. and III.

Table V. exhibits the duration of sunshine expressed in hours, from half an hour before to half an hour after the hour (true time) named.

Table VI. exhibits the amount of rain (or dew) in inches registered from half an hour before to half an hour after the hour named. It exhibits also the estimated duration of rain.

Table VII. exhibits the velocity of the wind in miles and its direction in points (1-32). The velocity is measured from half an hour before to half an hour after the hour named, but the direction is read off at the hour.

After the typhoon of October 5th to 6th the axis on which the cups revolve was found to be broken just above the point where the cups are fixed. This is believed to have occur- red at about 4.30 p. on the 5th. The velocity recorded for 5 p. (4.30 p. to 5.30 p.) was only 46 miles and during this interval the wind was estimated to be at its worst and to be blowing with full typhoon force. The velocity recorded for 6 p. (5.30 p. to 6.30 p.) was 67 miles and during the hour the wind was also estimated to be of typhoon force, but per- haps somewhat less violent than during the preceding hour. The values 85 and 80 miles have, therefore, been substituted for these two hours respectively in place of those actually recorded. The values for subsequent hours agree very well with the estimations of force on

346

the whole and they have, therefore, been entered as recorded. It is believed that the record was but little affected except for the two hours named when the cups were observed to wobble to a great extent during the violent squalls.

Table VIII. exhibits the amount (0-10), name (Howard's classification) and direction. whence coming of the clouds. Where the names of upper and lower clouds are given, but only one direction, this refers to the lower clouds.

Table IX. exhibits, for every hour in the day, the mean velocity of the wind reduced to 4 as well as 2 directions, according to strictly accurate formulæ, and also the mean direction of the wind.

Below this is printed a list of the phenomena observed.

23. The following annual weather report for 1894 is arranged as follows:-

Table VI. exhibits the mean values for the year (or hourly excess above this) obtained from the monthly reports. The total duration of rain was 816 hours. There fell at least 0.01 inch of rain on 145 days.

Table VII. exhibits the number of hours during a portion of which at least 0.005 inch of rain (or dew) was registered.

Table VIII. exhibits the number of days with wind from eight different points of the compass. The figures are obtained from the mean daily directions in Table VII of the monthly reports. Days with wind from a point equidistant from two directions given are counted half to one of these and half to the other, e. g., half of the days when the wind was NNE are counted as N, and the other half as NE.

Table IX. exhibits the number of days on which certain meteorological phenomena were registered, and also the total number of thunderstorms noted in the neighbourhood during the past year.

Table X. shows the frequency of clouds of different classes.

Table XI. is arranged as last year.

Table XII. exhibits the monthly and annual extremes. The extremes of humidity and vapour tension are only approximate as the hourly values were not calculated.

Table XIII. contains five-day means.

Table XIV, XV, XVI. contain magnetic observations.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY,

&c.,

&c.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

W. Doberck,

Director.

Table VI.

Mean Values and Hourly Excess above the Mean of Meteorological Elements in 1894.

Mean or

1 a.

2 a.

3 a.

4 a.

5 a.

6 a.

7 a.

8 a.

9 a.

10 a.

11 a.

Noon.

1 p.

2 p.

3 p.

4 p.

5 p.

6 p. 7 p. 8 p.

9 p. 10 p.

11 p. Midt.

Total.

Pressure,

+.005 −.006

Temperature,..

1.4 1.7

.016 -.018

1.9

-.014

-.001

+.016 +.030

2.0

2.1

1.5

0.5

Diurnal Range,...

+.040 +.042 + 0.7 +1.5

+.036 +.017

-.007.027

+ 2.2 + 2.6

+ 2.8 + 2.7

-.010.045 + 2.± 1.9

-040 —.031

-.017

1.0 + 0.1

.001

0.3 0,5

+.015 +.023

0.7

0.9

+.022 +.0 15

1.0

29.843

1.2

71.7

8.0

Humidity, ......

...

+ 5 +

Vapour Tension,

+.007 +.003

-.001

5+ 4

-.00£

4 + 4 + 2

...

-.007 -.008

-.005

-.003

..004

-.007

Sunshine (Total),

-.003 -.007

.006 .005

..005

12.0

89.3

155.6

174.7 193.0

Rainfall, (Total),

1.850

5.025

5.315

...

198.0 203.8

207.4 204.3

-.001

200.6 173.2

.002 +.002

108.1

+ 2 + 3 +.000 +.009

3 +

+.010 +.012

+ 4 +

+.011 ++.011

0.630

14.7

1934.7

4.160

3.335

5.780

5.700

5.705

8.215

5.990

9.040

5.635

5.820

3.535

Hours of Rain (Total),..............................

4.200

3.760

3.305

4.920

2.850

2.810

2.235

2.255

1,235

1.575

104.250

Intensity of Rain,........................

0.047

0.107

0.106

0.074

0.068

0.093

0.104

Wind-Velocity,

0.121

0.5 0.4

0.4

0.9

0.8 1.2

1.0 0.2

48 38 0.171 0.158 +0.8 1.3

0.282 0.128

0.121 0.075

994

0.102 0.094

0.103

0.159

0.086

0.100

0.059

0.073

0.043

0.049

0.105

Wind-Direction,

6°

Cloudiness,

Solar Radiation,

22 + 1°

+ 5

+ 2.0 + 2.1 + 4° + 8°

+1.8 + 1.4

13° 13°

+ 1.2 + 1.0 +14° + 13°

+ I

+ 0.4

0.5

1.1

1.8

1.0

1.1

0.7

0.4

14.0

+ 8° + 3o

6°

...

128.2

Excess of do. do.,

...

52.4

Table VII.

Number of Hours during portion of which it rained for each Month in the Year 1894.

Month.

1 a.

2 a.

3 a.

4 a.

5 a.

6 a.

7a.

8 a. 9 a.

10 a.

11 a. Noon. 1 p.

2 p.

3 p.

4 p.

5 p.

6 p.

7 p.

8 p.

9р.

10 p. 11 p. Midt.

Total.

January,

February,

March,

612

April,

May,

June,

July,.

August,

September,

.४

October,

November,

...

December,

co:

PAGELLIN

~IIQI ∞ 10 CO 0H

...

126343067693:5 ∞ ∞ – 09 10 ∞ ∞ ∞

HOTLO TICO 03

3OHNNINSE

-2

...

Total,.

56 49

882

48 47 41

294

...

33333

29 29

1120

LO I GO ON TH CO ON -442-

150

149

136

160

994

347

348

Table VIII.

Number of Days with Wind from eight different points of the Compass during each Month of the Year 1894.

Month.

January,

NE.

SE.

SW.

NW.

•

February,

March,.

April,

May,

42112

2283

June,

July,

August,

GAON⠀⠀

...

September,

October,

November,

December,

:- :

Sum,.......

209

Table IX.

Total Number of Days on which different Meteorological Phenomena were noted and Total Number of Thunderstorms during each Month of the Year 1894.

Month.

January, February,

March,

....

April,.

May, June,

July,

August,

September,

122~7~ : ~ :

October,

November,

December,

Sums,...

333

January,

February,

March,

April,....

May,

June,

Table X.

Total Number of Times that Clouds of different forms were observed in each Month of the Year 1894.

Month.

July,

August, September,

October,

November, December,

c-str. e-cum. sm-cum. cum. cum-str.

str.

R-cum. cum-nim.

nim.

:::

: ܗ:

:-24227ON~O~

•

29 21

111

125

127

169

190

712110 ∞ I

162

161

139

883

Sums,..

161

357

562

1507

229

109

347

Table XI.

349

Mean

Weight

RAINFALL.

Baro-

Diurnal of Water

MONTII.

metric

Variabi- Vapour in

Tide.

lity of

Troy Grains in

Hourly Intensity

MEAN DIRECTION OF

CLOUDS WHENCE

COMING.

NUMBER OF DAYS

WITH

CLOUDS BELOW

Temper-each cubic Mean. 1894.

ature. foot of Air.

Rain.

Lower.

Upper. Cirrus. 2,000 ft. 1,000 ft.

January,.... 0.103

2o.29

4.33

0.98

0.895

0.012

E 10° S W 24° S

February,

0.111

2.73

4.34

1.32

0.580

0.011

E 9° SW 32° S

March,

0.105

2.30

4.97

3.24

0.270

0.005

E 13° S W 1° S

April,

0.093

1.75

7.22

5.27

2.485

0.030

E 31° SW 13° S

May,

0.081

1.70

8.28

12.54

20.010

0.142

E 55° SW 17° N

June,

0.066

1.29

9.27

15.81

16.540

0.155

E 89° S W 85° N

July,

0.066

1.12

9.33

15.98

9.475

0.126

E 55° S N 42° E

August,..

0.072

1.12

9.46

14.85

16.530

0.280

S 29° W N 10° W

September,

0.074

1.22

8.86

12.65

19.110

0.208

E 5° N N 3o E

October,

0.096

1 .00

6.24

5.36

17.570

0.293

E 24° N N 42° W

November,

0.109

1.21

4.80

1.17

0.030

E 20° N W 57° S

December,

0.107 2.61

4.09

1.00 0.755

0.015

E 7°N W 43° S

Meau,... 0.090 1.70

6.77

90.17

104.250 0.109

E 27° S W 1° N

Table XII.

135

Monthly Extremes of the Principal Meteorological Elements registered during the year 1894.

BAROMETER.

TEMPERATURE.

HUMI-

DITY.

VAPOUR TENSION.

RAIN.

WIND VELO-

CITY.

RADIA-

TION:

MONTH.

Max. Min.

Min.

Max. Min.

Max.

Daily Hourly

Max.

Sun

Max.

January,

30.246 29.718

72.8

42.5

0.652

0.102

0.245 0.115

146.5

February,

.310

.850

73.9

41.4

0.562

0.096

0.260 0.045

136.0

March,

.239: .680

79.2

49.6

0.703

0.197

0.110 0.030

April,...

29.964

.649

83.2

59.8

0.779

0.420 1.365 0.705

૩૬

May,

.946

.554

89.2

68.4

0.954

0.393 6.180 1.500

June,

.825

.414

83.9

73.6

1.034

0.678 3.405 1.225

2 23 24

140.2

142.3

148.8

146.5

July,

.820

.499

89.4

78.5

1.012 0.680 1.595 0.690

156.0

August,

.846

.335

90.2

73.1

1.012

0.758 5.670 1.230

September,

.846

.311

92.9

75.0

1.022

0.661 5.785 0.995

October,........ 30.062 .089 85.2

65.3

0.941

0.304 10.190 1.400

67 68 6

149.1

150.5

149.3

November,...... .161

.747

81.2

61.8

0.731

0.067 0.015 0.010

149.6

December,

.349

.845 75.1

48.5

0.597

0.066 0.250 0.065

136.7

Year,

30.349

29.089 92.9

41.4

1.034

0.066

10.190 1.500

156.0

1350

Table XIII.

Five-Day-Means of the Principal Meteorological Elements observed at Hongkong in 1894.

FIVE-DAY PERIODS.

Barometer.

Temper-

ature.

Vapour Humidity. Tension.

Wind Velocity.

Nebulosity. Sunshine.

Rain.

January

1- 5

29.960

62.8

0.404

16.8

4.8

5.5

0.000

6-10

30.100

54.5

0.202

10.9

1.4

9.4

0.000

11-15

.041

61.9

0.376

17.2

5.4

5.3

0.001

وو

16-20

29.949

63.0

0.505

14.9

9.7

0.2

0.022

21-25

.881

63.5

0.529

18.3

7.8

4.7

0.077

26-30

30.002

55.1

0372

13.2

10.0

0.1

0.073

31-4

.164

51.2

0.238

14.6

7.7

2.7

0.028

February

5- 9

.063

59.4

0.460

16.4

8.6

1.1

0.077

10-14

.105

61.0

0.393

12.6

5.6

6.1

0.016

RAA

15-19

.065

61.1

0.369

13.7

3.4

7.6

0.000

20-24

29.999

63.2

0.433

15.8

5.1

6.3

0.000

25-1

.959

61.1

0.453

24.5

7.2

4.5

0.001

March

2- 6

.786

65.7

0.592

17.5

9.0

1.9

0.010

7-11

.969

57.5

0.394

9.9

9.0

1.4

0.038

12-16

30.112

61.3

0.399

17.1

5.1

6.0

0.000

17-21

29.977

62.0

0.409

22.6

6.8

4.3

0.000

22-26

.877

67.3

0.480

15.4

6.0

6.1

0.000

27-31

.939

66.9

0.436

4.0

6.0

0.006

April

1- 5

.874

69.7

0.607

0.0

2.6

8.1

0.002

6-10

.813

66.5

0.581

17.4

9.7

0.1

0.404

.11-15 ·

.821

70.7

0.681

130

6.9

4.9

0.015

16-20

.815

72.4

0.734

13.6

7.9

3.8

0.008

.21-25

.801

74.1

0730

8.7

5.0

5.8

0.063

26-30

.854

74.1

0.675

15.7

4.3

8.5

0.005

May

1-5

.866

74.7

0.722

16.2

6.1

6.4

0.005

6-10

.712

77.8

0.801

13.4

5.0

7.4

0.059

.11-15

.673

79.7

0.829

9.8

5.4

6.8

0.037

16-20

.673

79.1

0 880

14.0

9.7

0.5

3.334

21-25

.738

75.0

0.645

20.5

9.1

1.5

0.480

26-30

.691

74.2

0.753

20.9

8.7

2.4

0.069

31- 4

.658

79.6

0.861

18.5

8.7

2.5

0.585

June

5- 9

.602

79.2

0.821

14.8

7.7

4.1

0.560

10-14

.716

.77.8

0.850

9.1

8.5

2.2

0.816

AAAA

..15-19

.728

.79.6

0.891

14.3

8.1

4.2

0.888

.20-24

.639

'80.1

0.885

12.7

7.0

4.1

0.350

..25-29

.581

81.9

0.917

13.5

4.8

7.4

0.127

..30- 4

.623

81.9

0.905

9.4

5.5

7.9

0.112

July

5- 9

.665

83.0

0,896

10.1

6.4

0.108

..10-14

.749

81.1

0.863

8.0

5.3

6.2

0.322

..15-19

.686

80.1

0.846

11.3

5.5

9.0

0.230

20-24

.610

79.9

0.881

15.9

7.1

4.5

0.405

.25-29

.646

80.1

0.883

11.8

7.2

4.1

0.718

.30- 3

.573

83.6

0.926

8.8

2.5

11.2

0.000

August...

4-8

.48+

81.7

0.899

12.9

8.3

3.2

0.661

9-13

.587

78.0

0.881

10.4

9.6

0.3

2.041

.14-18

.685

78.9

0.873

6.0

8.2

2.9

0.202

19-23

.722

81.4

0.891

4.1

3.2

9.2

0.076

24-28

.707

81.9

0.890

14.5

5.8

6.6

0.326

29- 2

.781

81.9.

0.884

6.9

3.4

9.2

0.018

September

3- 7

.772

81.0

0.767

16.0

4.7

7.1

0.014

8-12

.666

81.4

0.839

22.2

6.6

6.8

0.255

......13-17

.699

81.6

0.876

7.8

5.7

7.9

0.259

وو

.18-22

.612

80.9

0.844

23,5

7.1

3.5

1.292

October.

23-27

.644

80.3

0.849

22.2

7.4

5.2

1.274

28- 2

.657

80.2

0.839

27.6

8.0

2.3

0.809

3- 7

.609

76.2

0.759

31.6

8.8

2.7

3.375

... 8-12

.875

75.9

0.637

10.3

6.3

5.5

0.010

13-17

.877

75.8

0,561

15.5

2.2

9.2

0.000

وو

..18-22

.973

73.9

0.541

12.6

6.0

6,5

0.000

.23-27

.977

70.9

0.423

11.1

4.3

7.5

0.000

وو

28- 1

.967

71.3

0.425

10.4

3.1

8.5

0.003

November

2-6

.999

68.8

0.336

18.2

1.0

10.2

0.001

...... 7-11

.979

70.4

0.396

12.7

0.7

10.0

0.000

12-16

30 073

68.3

0 354

12.5

0.3

10.1

0.000

17-21

29.882

72.3

0499

8.1

5.7

4.8

0.002

02-26

30.074

69.6

0.536

17.0

5.9

4.6

0.000

27- 1

29.983

70.3

0.560

13.9

6.2

4.8

0.000

December

2- 6

.962

66.5

0.432

8.3

6.7

3.5

0.018

7-11

30.017

62.7

0.311

9.1

1.4

9.7

0.000

.12-16

.105

64.6

0.418

15.0

8.2

2.5

0.000

17-21

262

56.3

0.181

11.8

1.6

9.1

0.000

22-26

.019

64.3

0.442

15.9

6.0

4.1

0.007

27-31

.021

58.6

0.428

11.1

9.8

0.2

0.126

Table XIV.

Observations of Magnetic Declination and Dip.

351

1894.

H.K.M.T.

Declination East.

Observer.

H.K.M.T.

Dip North.

Needle No.

Observer.

February,....

13 4h. 25 p.

0° 30′ 18′′

J.I.P.

13d. 3. 18. p.

31° 53'.29

J.I.P.

56.62

14 4 32

30 26

15 2

28 p.

0 29

47 P.

54.81

་་

17 2

48 p.

F.G.F.

55.69

April,.

13 4

23 p.

J.I.P.

16 P.

54.47

0 28 57

55.72

17 2

26 38

54 P.

52.72

18 2

0 29 44

52.72

June,

13 4

18 p.

11 P.

51.63

14 4

31 p.

0 28 29

53.22

;}

15 2

31 p.

29 5

3 53 P.

53.56

16 3.

28 27

54.75

August,

13 4

13 3

22 P.

51.79

.14

29 46

53.03

15 2

26 P.

26 39

3 56 P.

54.06

16 2

31 p. 0

54.44

26 12

October,.

15 4

31 P.

29 0

23 P.

50.88

16 4

17 2

41 p.

46 P. 0 31 14

51.44

5 P.

54.06

54.58

18 2

30 p.

0 27

December,

17 4

22 P.

0 28

17 P.

49.60

18 4

30 p.

0 32

49 .38

19 2

28 p.

0 28 52

I p.

49.13

20 2

48 P.

0 28

53.42

*AAA* * * * * * * *

دو

Table XV.

Observations of Horizontal Magnetic Force.

Date.

H.K.M.T.

Time of one Vibra- tion.

Tem- perature Log m X.

Cent.

Value of

H.K.M.T.

Distance in Centi- metres.

Tem-

Log perature Deflection.

Cent.

Value of X.

Observ-

er.

1894. February 14,...

3h. 8m. p. 35.6088

20°.0 2.33599

594.21

2h. 32m. p.

19°.3

6° 56′ 45′′ 2 56 1

3.21189

0.364S0 J.L.P.

3 51 p.

21 .2

6 56 14

2 55 5

April

16,... 3

11 p. 8 .6145

26 .4

2.33481 593.26

2 40 p.

26 .8

6 54 56

3.21167

0.36139

2 53 52

3 51 p.

27 .0

6 55 14

2 53 40

June

14,... 3

9 p. 3 .6188

30.5 2.33519

593.30

2 35 p.

30 .7

6 53 52

3.21135

0.36168

52 53

3 50 p.

30 .9

6 54 14

2 53 35

August

14,... 3

13 p. 3 .6203

27 4

2.33347 591.73

2 37 p.

27 .1

6 54 10

3.21078

0.36421

2 53 40

3 54 p.

26 .9

6 54 15

2 53 21

October 16,... 3 18 p.3 .6253

28 .3

2.33248 590.27

2 45 p.

29 .3

6 52 56 53 17

3.20962

0.36127

争命

3 P.

29 .3

6 52 28

2 52 44

December 18,... 3 15 p. 3 .6164

18 .9

2.33323 590.67

45 P-

19 .3

6 54 19

3.20918

0.36464

2 53 59

3 54 p.

18 .9

6 54 25

2 53 57

Table XVI.

Results of Magnetic Observations in 1894.

MAGNETIC FORCE.

Month.

Declina- tion East.

Dip North.

ENGLISH UNITS.

METRIC UNITS.

C. G. S. UNITS.

Total.

Tutal.

Total.

1894. February,

0° 30′ 3′′ 31° 55′ 6′′

7.9117

4.9281

9.3212

3.6480

2.2723

4.2978

0.36480 0.22723

April,

28 46

53 55

7.9030

4.9189

9.3087

3.6439

2.2681

4 2921

0.42978 0.36439 0.22681 0.42921

June,

August,

29 0

53 17

7.9093

4.9209

9.3152

3.6468

2.2689

4.2951

0.36468

0.22689

0.42951

28 1

53 20

7.8990

4.9145

9.3032

3.6421

2.2660

4.2895

0.36421

0.22660

0.42895

October,

29 26

52 44

7.9004

4.9136

9.3038

3.6427

2.2656

4.2898

0.22656

December,

29 44

50 23

7.9084

4.9110

9.3092

3.6464

2.2644

4.2923

0.36427 0.36464 0.22644 0.42923

0.42898

Mein....... 0 29 10 31

53 7

7.9053

4.9178

9.3102

3.6450

2.2675

4.2928

0.36450 0.22675 0.42928

352

APPENDIX.

THE TYPHOONS OF 1894.

By F. G. FIGG.

(With two plates.)

The following account of the typhoons of 1894 is accompanied by two plates showing the tracks. On these plates the month is written at the commencement of each track and the position of the centre at noon is marked by the date. Where the tracks are uncertain they are dotted.

For comparison the weather information issued from the Hongkong Observatory, concerning each typhoon, is given in inverted commas.

May 8th, 10.19 a. "Depression East of Luzon."

May 8th, 10.50 a.

"Barometer unsteady.

moderate. Weather unsettled, some showers."

Gradients moderate for NE winds on S coast.

Sea

This depression (I) appears to have recurved to the East of Luzon, but no further information has been obtained.

May 28th, 10.56 a.

SW winds prevail to the NE winds, squally, with

May 28th, 4.25 p. May 29th, 10.22 a. May 29th, 10.50 a.

"Trough of low pressure extends across the middle part of the China Sea. southward and NË winds to the northward of the area. On S coast, fresh light rain. Sea moderate." "Depression SW of Bolinao."

"Depression appears to be moving westward." "Barometer unsteady on S coast rising in Luzon.

Moderate NE winds on

S coast with fair weather. Sea moderate.'

May 30th, 10.52 a. "Pressure is lowest in the NW part of China Sea. Moderate E winds on S coast and SW winds in S part of China Sea. Sea slight. Weather cloudy, some drizzling rain.'

May 31st, 10.46 a. "Barometer unsteady. Gradients moderate for SE winds. Sea moderate. Weather squally with thundershowers."

"Barometer unsteady. Gradients rather steep for Weather squally with thundershowers."

June 1st, 10.57 a.

June 2nd, 11.00 a. "Barometer unsteady. Moderate SW winds.

squally with thundershowers."

The following are the observations for noon during the above period:-

COAST STATIONS,

S winds. Sea moderate.

Sea moderate.

Sea moderate. Weather

May 28th.

May 29th.

May 30th.

Bar.

Swatow,

29.80

Wind. Weather. Bar. Dir. Force.

E 2

Wind. Weather.

Bar.

Dir. Force.

Wind. Dir. Force.

Weather.

C. 29.78

E 2

29.80

Hongkong,

.82 E 3

.83 E

.82 E

Hoihow,....

.77 NNE 1

.77

.77 NE

Bolinao,....

.73

.75

var.

.81 S 2

Cape St. James,

olt.

May 31st.

June 1st.

June 2nd.

Foochow,' Amoy, Swatow, Canton,

29.87

29.83 WSW 1

29.81

calm

or.

.88 SE

.86 SE 1

.66 S 4

or.

.83 E

.80 SE

od.

.67 SW

.80

.68 SSE

Or.

.74 WSW 3

Hongkong, Pakhoi,

Hoihow, Bolinao,. Cape St. James,

.83 SE

.78 S

or.

.77 WSW 2

or.

.64 NE

.70 NW

.79 SW

op.

.39 E .88 SSW

orq.

.80 SSW 2 orq. .87

var. 1 SW

.80 ESE 1

.88 ESE

calm..

Lat.

Long.

Par.

VESSELS.

May 28th.

Wind. Weather. Jar. Force. NE 3 C.

S.S. Amoy,

24° 49' 118° 58′ 29.87

Hanoi,

Ariake Maru, ...23 44 118 04 .84 .82

NE 4 0.

.21 56 113 44

Bk. Maiden City,....21 49 113 26

SE 5 or.

وو

S.S. Sislan,... Mathilde, Chowfa, Memnon,

Long.

Lat.

.17° 56′ 111° 44′ .16 09 108 10 .11 28 169 05 .11 46 119 52

Bar.

Wind. Weather.

Dir. Force.

29.82 SSW 2 C. .74 SE 2 C.

3 .85. S .64 SSW 5

or.

S.S. Lyeemoon,

.23° 20′ 117° 30′ 29.86

Bk. Maiden City, ...21 12 113 49

S.S. Bengloe, .....

19 18 112 26

.72

I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ....18 26 109 30

.79 SW

May 29th.

3 6 3 3

S.S. Nauyang,

Sishan,

,, Memnon,

C. Bk. F. Skolfield,

May 30th.

16° 12′ 110° 24′ 29.75 .13 58 110 00 ..14 09 118 50 ....10 12 108 27

353

SE 1

.78 SW 1

.77

SSW 7

SW 5

...

S.S. Peiyang,

Nanyang, Chowfa,

.22° 35' 115° 48′ 29.86 ENE ..19 46 112 28

0. S.S. Memnon, ...

.75 NE

Or.

.19 22 108 24

.73 NE

Mathilde, Borneo,

I.M.C.C. Kaipan,....18 26 109 30

.77 S

Kong Beng, ....10

.17° 27′ 117° 31′ .16 09 108 10 ..11 52 109 50 56 108 23

29.79 SSW 5

.70 NE 4 b. .89 SW 5 orq. .75 SW 4 0.

May 31st.

S.S. Ningpo,

22° 58′ 117° 09′ 29.87 ENE

Memnon,

.20 25 115 38

Frejr,

Riversdale,

20 17 111 15 ..19 59 111 16 19 50 114 06 At Hoihow

S.S. Swatow,

وو

orq.

Avochie, Natal,

Shantung, ,, Chowfa,

S.S. Choysang, Frejr,

.78

Asse

6 org.

.77 W 3 or.

Avochie, Natal,.

.23° 27′ 117° 12′ 29.84

21 54 113 58 Devonhurst, ....20 46 113 10 Riversdale, ......20 10 110 41

S.S. Choysang,

.81 S 4

.83 S 3 .60 SE 8 .50 SE 9 orq. .82 S 3 37 ENE 6

.70 SE 7

.19° 26' 112° 23′ 29.76

ENE 8 orq.

S 10 0q.

.18 50 112 23

.16 09 108 10 .14 28 112 22

0. .71 NW 3 0. .74 SE 2 €. .83 S

I.M.C.C. Kaipan,....18 26 109 30 S.S. Mathilde,.

ogr.

Borneo,

June 1st.

At Hoihow

I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ....18° 26' 109° 30′ 29.81 WSW 1

S.S. Borneo,

.82 S 4 pq.

18 04 113 22

.17 31 111 33

SSW 4

.14 47 110 24

.81 S

3 C.

June 2nd.

.26° 26′ 120° 42′ 29.76 ESE

or.

S.S. Priok,

.22° 08′ 115° 25′ 29.77 SW

6 org.

Kwanglee, Canton,

.24 58 119 30

.75 SE

or.

China,

.24 29 119 11 .23 59 118 25 Ariake Maru, ...22 27 115 25

.80 S

or.

Borneo, Hupeh,

..21 44 113 56

.79 SW

or.

.21 32 114 22

.78 SW

orq.

.74 SSW 9 .76 SSW 6

or.

Phra Chom Klao,19 38 112 28

.82 SW

Sh. Kistna,.....19 23 119 40

.83 SW

2 C.

The observations show that pressure was in defect to the SW of Luzon and to the N of Palawan on the 28th, but it does not appear that a cyclonic disturbance of any intensity existed at this time. On the 30th the observations point to low pressure in the neighbourhood of the Paracels. The barometer was inclined to fall at Hoihow, in Hainan, with gentle NE breezes while pressure was increasing slightly on the Cochin China coast the weather there being very wet and squally with fresh SW winds. On the 31st after 9 a. the barometer commenced to fall very rapidly at Hoihow with wind increasing from the ENE. At 2.30 p. the centre of a small typhoon (II) passed over the port with the lowest reading of the barometer 28.64 as recorded at the Custom House. The wind fell to almost a calm for twenty minutes and came again with typhoon force from the west. The barometer rose rapidly and the wind decreased quickly backing at the same time to SW.

The Hoihow observations of 9 a. on May 31st did not reach the Hongkong Observatory until 9.10 a. on June 1st, and then in a mutilated condition, and the existence of this depression as a definite cyclonic disturbance was therefore not known here at the time.

After passing over Hoihow the typhoon moved northwards and entered the coast of China, thence recurving to the NE. At noon on the 1st June the centre was situated in about 23° 30', 112° 00′ and it passed to the north of Canton during the evening. On the 2nd June its course was towards ENE and a rapid decrease of pressure took place in the neighbourhood of Amoy. The centre was situate l in about 25, 116 at noon. Late the same evening it would appear to have regained the sea, as a small depression, to the north of Foochow, where the barometer had fallen to 29.58 at 9 p. with a strong WSW breeze and rain. Bad weather prevailed in the Formosa Channel on this day, particularly at the lighthouse stations in the north part of the Channel, where cyclonic gales, veering, with a rapid fall of the barometer, occurred during the evening.

June 16th, 11.3 a.

"Pressure is lowest in the NW part of China Sea. Barometer unsteady. Fresh SE winds, squally, along S coast. Sea moderate. Weather fair to showery."

"Pressure remains lowest in the NW part of China Sea. Sea moderate. Weather showery.

June 17th, 11.2 a. squally, along S coast.

June 18th, 10.23 a.

June 18th, 10.56 a. showery and squally,

June 18th, 4.10 p. westward."

"Depression in N part of Gulf of Tongking.”

Fresh SE winds,

"Barometer steady. Moderate SE to S winds. Sen moderate. Weather

"Depression has entered coast to the East of Haiphong and is moving north-

354

The following are the noon observations during the above period :-

COAST STATIONS.

June 15th.

June 16th.

June 17th.

June 18th.

Swatow,...

29.79

SE 3

29.88

Hongkong,

.83

E 1

Pakhoi,

.70 SE

SE 1 C. .85 SE 3 .73 ENE 3. C.

or.

Haiphong,

.77 SSE

.75 SE

29.85 E 2

.83 ESE 3 0. ENE 5 0. ESE 3 m.

29.85

.84

SE 3 E 2

Hoihow,......

.81 ENE

.72 ENE

4 C.

Bolinao,..

.82 SSE

.86

B 0.

.63 .62 56 SE 5 .86 ENE 2 C.

.65 SE

.55 SSW

.72 S

.82 SE 2 C.

Cape St. James,

calm

or.

SSW 7 oq.

VESSELS.

June 15th.

S.S. Rio,

20° 00′ 112° 43′ Esmeralda, .19 33 116 33 Deuteros,...... .18 56 112 26 I.M.C.C. Kaipan,....18 26 110 30 S.S. Devawongse,....18 23.111 37

S.S. Yuensang. ....20° 50′ 115° 28′ 29.88 SSE 5 I.M.C.C. Kaipan,....18 26 109 30 S.S. Toyo Maru,......18 11 111 28 Bk. Foohng Suey,...17 15 113 08 S.S. Keemun, .... .16 36 110 46

29.92 (?) E

.82 ESE 5 .78 NE 4 .80 E 1 .82 var.

S.S. Oakley,

.16° 36′ 118° 26' 29.82

SSE 6 orq.

Bk. Foohng Suey,...14 43 112 29

.68

NW S orq.

S.S. Manila,

.(14 25 112 06)?

.62

NW 6 org.

Canton, Chelydra,..

.11 49 110 59

.76

NNW 2 0.

.11 40 110 43

.78

SW 2 orql.

June 16th.

orq. S.S. Mathilde,.

At Touron

29.70

NE 1 or.

.75

calm

od.

Canton,

.15° 15' 113° 17'

.77

SSW 5 or.

.68

.75

E 6 SE 4 .43 W/N 9

Devawongse, ...14 34 109 56

.76

2 0.

orq.

Phra C. C. Klau, 11 30 109 07

.79

4 0.

orq.

Manila,..10 39 111 03

.81

4 0.

June 17th.

S.S. Activ,

.21° 25′-112° 30′ 29.75

SE 3

Keemun,

.20 22 112 37

.73

SE 5

I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ....18° 26' 109° 30′ 29.68 S.S. Toyo Maru,......18 09 110 10

SSW

7 or.

.60

SSW

7 om.

Bygdo,

.19 44 112 20

.80

Canton,

19 02 114 30

.85

cp.

Mathilde....... Phra C. C. Klao,15 09 110 20

At Touron

.69 SW

.75 S

2 or. 3 0.

June 18th.

20° 06' 108° 59′ 29.67

| I.M.C.C. Kaipan,....18° 26' 109° 30 29.76 SE

2 0.

S.S. Swatow,

The above observations refer to typhoon III which appears to have been forming to the NW of Palawan on the 14th June. It was first encountered by the bark Foohng Sucy on the 15th. This vessel was situated in the left hand semicircle and experienced a heavy gale from NW backing to SW on the afternoon and evening of the 15th during which she sustained considerable damage to sails. The centre was in 14° 45', 114° 00' at noon on this day and its course was towards NW. On the 16th the centre was in 17° 00', 111° 30′ at noon. The S.S. Keemun, in the left hand semicircle and about 50 miles to the WSW of the centre at noon, experienced winds of storm force from WNW the direction backing to SW and S during the evening and decreasing slowly in force. The S.S. Toyo Maru, in the right hand semicircle, had the centre passing to the W and close to the vessel during the evening. The barometer fell to 28.89 and winds of force 11 from ESE and SE were experienced, accompanied by terrific rainsqualls, lightning and a mountainous sea.

lightning and a mountainous sea. Captain EDWARDS states- "On the night of the 15th at sunset the only indication of coming bad weather was an olive green coloured sky.". The I.M.C.C. Kaipan was anchored at Samah on the extreme S coast of Hainan and during the evening they had a moderate NNE breeze with the barometer falling quickly. The wind backed to NW early next morning, the 17th, and increased to force 5 accompanied by drizzling rain and lightning. The centre was now entering the SE coast of Hainan. At 6 a. they made the lowest reading of the barometer (29.46) and the wind had backed to W and increased to a fresh gale. The typhoon continued to move towards NW across Hainan, but at noon the centre had passed into the Gulf of Tongking to the W of Hoihow and was situated in 19° 45', 109° 00′ and it now commenced to more towards WNW. The S.S. Swatow which left Haiphong for Hoihow at 1 p. on this day encountered very heavy weather during the evening. The wind rose to a whole gale from NNE the barometer falling to 29.48. On the 18th at 3 a. the wind veered to SSE in a terrific squall and there- after the barometer rose and the wind force gradually decreased, the direction remaining at S by E. The centre passed a little to the west of this vessel and it appears that the depression had filled up to some extent during its passage across Hainan. Winds from WNW backing to SSW at Haiphong show that it entered the continent and passed to the north of this port on the morning of the 18th. At noon the centre was probably situated in 21° 30', 106° 30'. Between the 15th and 18th the typhoon moved at an average speed of about 8 miles per hour. The information issued with regard to this typhoon would have been much more definite had the observations from Hoihow, the important station in this case, been received at the proper time. The 9 a. observation of the 16th was received

355

on the 17th at 3.4 p., the 3 p. observation of the 16th at 6.4 p. on the 17th, and the 9 a. observation of the 17th at 9.26 p. on the 18th, no further observations being received for several days. It is evident that observations received from 24 to 36 hours late can be of little service for the purpose of giving storm warnings. The Customs officials who make the observations at Hoihow hand them in at the Telegraph Office immediately they are made and the delay occurs in the transmission over the Chinese land lines.

June 24th, 10.33 a.

"Depression SE of Hainan."

"Barometer unsteady. Moderate to strong E breezes. Sea rather rough.

June 24th, 10.55 a. Weather showery and squally."

June 24th, 4.10 p.

June 24th, 4.25 p. coast between Macao and

June 24th, 7.10 p.

June 25th, 7.35 a.

June 25th, 11.20 a.

Black South Cone hoisted.

Depression SSW of Hongkong apparently moving towards a point on the Hoihow. E to SE gale expected in Hongkong." Gun fired one round. Two lanterns hoisted vertically.

Black Ball hoisted.

"Depression has moved westward in the direction of Hoihow. Barometer rising. Fresh E to SE winds. Sca moderate. Weather fair to showery and squally."

June 25th, 4.10 p. Black Ball taken down.

The following observations for noon refer to the typhoon indicated above :-

STATIONS.

June 23rd.

June 24th.

June 25th.

Amoy,

29.74

SE 1

29.85

29.84

Canton,

.74

.73 E 3

Hongkong,

.77

.73 ENE

Paklioi,

.67 ESE

.65

orq. C.

NNE .77 E .83

.61 WNW 3

Hoihow,

.70 ENE

.68

Bolinao,

.77 SE

.79

.77 ESE 2 .80 WSW

2 8 8 8 8 8

or.

VESSELS.

June 23rd.

Sh. Hiddekel, .......20° 48′ 113° 48′ 29.70

A. G. Ropes, ....20 28 114 20 Herat,

.20 18 114 00

.70

S.S. Bucephalus, ....19 44 112 24

.75

E 5 ESE 2 E 3 SE

rq.

Bk. Comet,... S.S. Sishan,.... Schwalbe, Bormida,

Sh. Hiddekel, .......21° 40' 113° 57' 29.70 NE 10

rq. Herat,

.21 29 114 18 .68 E 6 rq. H.M.S. Rattler, ......20 33 113 52

.45* E/S 9 orq. Sh. A. G. Ropes,....20 04 114 06

.06 SE 11 orq.

* Uncorrected.

June 24th.

21 05 115 01 29.81 SE 4 0.

.19° 13′ 114° 30′ 29.71

17 25 111 27 .15 11 118 17 ...13 53 112 21

SE .66 SE 1 b. .81 SSE 3 .67 WSW 2 orq.

S.S. Haiphong, ......20° 10' 111° 16′ 29.63 I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ....18 26 109 30

S.S. Schwalbe,.....18 17 116 21 Bormida,.........17 37 113 39

June 25th.

11QS

cr.

or.

.73 SW .77 S .71 SW

2. 0.

5 C.

S.S. Ingraban, ....20° 29′ 112° 33′ 29.79 I.M.C.Č. Kaipan,....18 26 109 30 .76 calm C.

Sh. A. G. Ropes,....21° 55′ 113° 44′ S.S. Rio,....

On June 23rd the observations show that wet squally weather prevailed around the middle part of the China Sea and pressure appears to have been somewhat low in the neighbourhood of the Paracels. The sailing vessels Hiddekel, Herat, Comet and A. G. Ropes were situated from 100 to 150 miles to the south of Hongkong and they all had the wind increasing from the E with the weather becoming squally during the evening. Next day, the 24th, H. M. S. Rattler and the sailing vessel A. G. Ropes encountered typhoon IV which appears to have been forming to the southward on the previous day. Both vessels were in the righthand semicircle and near the centre which was situated in 19° 45, 113° 30′ at noon or about 150 miles to the SSW of Hongkong (compare warnings of June 24th). The A. G. Ropes had the lowest reading of the barometer (29.06) at noon with winds of storm and typhoon force from the SE and sustained great damage aloft, the vessel being reduced to bare poles. H. M. S. Rattler was laid to at 9 a. with the wind a strong breeze from E by N. Storin. sails were bent and everything secured. The wind increased and the barometer fell rapidly and at 6 p. she experienced storm force from ESE, the barometer having then attained the lowest point (29.09, uncorrected). During the evening the barometer rose rapidly with the wind veering to SE

356

and SSE and decreasing. Thick blinding rain prevailed all day and there was a heavy confused sea, the latter causing the vessel to roll and pitch heavily. The jibboom broke off short at the cap and a couple of boats were washed away. The typhoon moved towards WNW and at midnight heavy squalls of wind and rain from SW were experienced at Hoihow, but by daylight on the 25th the wind had gradually calmed down. At Pakhoi they had the barometer falling with a fresh NW breeze and rain during the morning. In the afternoon the wind backed to West and decreased.

The depression thus passed to the E and N of the port on the 25th but it had filled up to a great extent at this time. At noon the centre was situated in 21° 45,' 110° 15′ and the disturbance had traversed a distance of 220 miles during the past 24 hours thus giving it an average speed of about 9 miles per hour.

June 26th, 11.19 a. "Troughlike area of relatively low pressure appears to exist across the China Sea in about 17° latitude. Fresh NE winds are indicated to the northward and SW winds to the southward of the area. Sea moderate. Weather showery and squally."

June 27th, 10.10 a. Red Drum hoisted.

June 27th, 11.22 a. "Typhoon appears to be situated near S. Formosa. Observations from Swatow, Anping and Amoy not yet received. Moderate NW winds and fair weather probable here."

June 27th, 5.30 p. Typhoon east of S. Formosa appears to be moving towards NNW."

June 28th, 11.15 a. "The barometer continues to fall on the S and SE Coasts. Moderate W winds and fine weather probable here. Observations from Swatow, Amoy and Anping not yet received."

June 28th, 12.15 p. June 28th, 4.10 p.

Formosa Channel."

"The typhoon is East of Formosa moving slowly towards NNW at present." Red North Cone hoisted.

June 29th, 11.0 a. Red North Cone taken down.

"Bad weather prevails in the N part of the

June 29th, 11.28 a. "The typhoon has entered the coast between Foochow and Wenchow. Barometer rising slowly here. Moderate SW winds, squally, with thundershowers."

June 30th, 11.15 a. "The typhoon is moving northwards in the interior of China to the West of Shanghai. Strong SE gales probable off E Coast. On S. Coast, barometer rising with strong SW monsoon and fair to showery weather."

The following noon observations refer to the typhoon indicated above:-

COAST STATIONS.

June 26th.

June 27th.

Turnabout,..

29.85

Tamsui,

.92

Keelung,

.82

ESE

Amoy,

.78 NNE

Fisher Island,

.78 N 2

Lamocks,

.82

Anping,

.75 W 2

Hongkong,

South Cape,

Bolinao,

Manila,

8222

.82 ESE

.76 NE .72 W

.73 SW

IF 294 29 LO CO ZO ŁO A LO C7

June 28th.

2 b.

ཁྐྲ་

cm.

29.71

NE 7

cm.

29.56

.74

.55

cp.

.68

ESE

cp.

.14 NE

756

cmp.

opq.

op.

3 3 3 3 3 3 8 8

.62 NNE

.50

NNE

3 C.

.57 NNE 6

cm.

.42

NNE

7 cm.

.66

NE 4

cm.

.54

2 C.

.57

NNW 3

.39 NW

.70

58 W

.55

omp.

87 SW

.62 WSW

.66

S3W

.65 SSE

1 0.

oq.

.71 SW 5 or.

June 30th.

July 1st.

29.38

June 29th.

*Chinkiang,

29.55

SE 3 b.

29.47

NE 3 0.

Woosung,

.57. ENE 7 0.

.39

*Wuhu,

.45

ENE 2 b.

.43

NNW 2

N. Saddle,

.56

cin.

.52

Ningpo,

.52

od.

.43

SE 2

*Kiukiang,

.51 NE 2

.51 N

Wenchow,

.11 NW 9

orq.

.49 SE

Turnabout,

.40 SW 8

cmq.

.64

SSW 6 om.

Tamsui,

.42 SW

.68

Keelung,

.33 WSW

.57

var. 3

Amoy,

.14

ᏚᎳ .

.60

8 3 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 ÷

WNW 5 C.

.47

4 om.

or.

.50

omr.

.57 SSW

om.

.60

.52

or.

.65

.71

.75

SSW

.68 WNW

Lamocks,

.52 SW

cm.

.67

cm.

.65 .75

South Cape,..

.54 WSW

cq.

.77

cm.

.79 SW

CNCO 20 19 10 - Co

8 3 5 5 3 3 2 3 3

cm.

* The corrections to be applied to the barometer readings at these stations are unknown, and the above readings are therefore only approxi-

mately correct.'

S.S. Kwanglee,

......23° 37' 117° 58′ 29.83 Memnon,.. ......21 12 114 56 Cromarty, .16 54 118 33

357

VESSELS.

June 26th.

4 b.

S.S. Shanghai,

.16° 16' 113° 13′ 29.71 NNW 2 C.

.78 ESE 4 cq.

2 var.

29.67 NE/N 7

Bk. Altair, S.S. Bucephalus, ...10 36 109 03

June 27th.

C. Bk. Altair,

16° 04 113° 48′ 20.63 calm.

.15 33 113 21

.69 SSW

2 rq.

.80 SSW

نان

S.S. Gwalior,

多少

Progress,...

Hangchow,

off Ocksen. .23° 17′ 118° 06′ .23 19 117 10

Shanghai,.....20 57 113 57

.68 NE/N 7 .71 NE 6 C. .67 NEN 2 C.

S.S. Clyde,...

.13 51 112 36

.69 W

Macduff,..

.11 45 111 30

.80 SW

6 org.

June 28th.

S.S. Kiel,

S.S. City of Peking, 30° 47' 130° 00′ 29.92 ESE

Taisang,

.28 07 121 03

Hangchow,......25 47 119 43

..32° 45′ 126° 52′ 29.69

cp.

S.S. Gwalior,...

...22° 30′ 115° 58′ 29.54 WSW 3

.74

.61

N/E

June 29th.

Framnes, Clyde,

....20 47 113 51

.60

.18 47 114 03

.04

354

3 3 3

9 oq.

Ancona, ........30 41 126 44 Ariake Maru, ...29 25 125 39

.69

6 0.

.64 SE/E

S or.

A A

City of Peking, 28

41 126 45

.62 ESE

S.S. Hangchow,

Peiyang, Canton, Nanchang,

...27° 17′ 120° 42′

Taisang,

.28 09 121 03 28.89

NNE 10

rq.

Taiyick,

.27 13 120 16 .26 57 120 25 ...26 28 120 45 .25 48 120 10

29.14 WNW 9

.14 WNW 4 cq.

.17 NW

or.

.30 SW

9 rq.

38 SW

June 30th.

S.S. Kiel,

.31° 55′ 123° 58′ 29.51

Rohilla, Taksang, Vorwaerts,

31 12 121 56

29 56 122 06

.29 55 126-06

SE .41 SEE 7 .48 S .74 SSE

orq 6 or.

orq. S.S. Taisang,

Lyeemun, Canton, ,, Choysang,

.28 09 121 41

.28° 09′ 121° 03', 29.49 SSW

.50 S 6 og.

6 or.

.27 37 121 12 ..26 42 120 14

.57 SW

.60 SW

6 rq. 4

or.

July 1st.

.31° 16′ 121° 47′ 29.52 SSW

Taiyick,

31 12 123 10 .62 S

7 or.

orq. S.S. Kiel,

Ethiope,

in in

S.S. Lyeemun,

.31° 10' 122° 25′

.29 40 125 00 29.74

10 orq.

4 c.

On the 26th June typhoon V commenced to affect the weather in Luzon. The barometer fell and the wind freshened from the W and SW. A considerable decrease of pressure also took place in S. Formosa and moderate increasing breezes from NE and N prevailed at South Cape. The centre of the typhoon appears to have been situated at a considerable distance to the eastward of N. Luzon at this time. On the 27th a further decrease of pressure had taken place in Luzon and in S. Formosa, amounting to about 0.1 inch in the former district and to about 0.2 inch in the latter. The typhoon had probably moved in a WNW direction since the previous day. Fresh W to SW winds continued to prevail in S. Luzon while at S. Cape, Formosa a strong N breeze with showery weather was experi- enced. The centre at noon on this day may have been situated in 20°, 124', but this position is very uncertain owing to lack of information from the Pacific.

Attention may be called here to the fact that the notice referring to the position of this typhoon, on the morning of the 27th, had to be issued in the absence of observations from, in this case, three very important stations, viz., Swatow, Amoy and Anping, that is to say the most necessary data were not available.

On the 28th the typhoon was moving towards the NNW to the East of Formosa and it appears to have passed to the East of South Cape during the early morning. The wind backed to NW of force 6 at 3 a. (barometer 29.41) and subsequently to W, the force decreasing meanwhile. The baro- meter, however, continued to fall slowly and the wind increased to a strong gale from WNW during the evening. In the Formosa Channel, between Fisher Island and Middle Dog, gales from NNĚ prevailed and in N. Formosa strong NE and NNE breezes until late at night. At Keelung the wind backed to W of force 6 at 9 p. showing that the centre had then passed to the north of the latitude of this station. The centre was perhaps situated in 23°, 123° at noon but this position is only approx- imate for the reason previously stated, viz., the absence of data from the Pacific to the eastward of the centre. On the morning of the 29th the typhoon was moving on a northwesterly course and approaching the East Coast of China in the neighbourhood of Wenchow. The noon observations on this day show a perfect cyclonic circulation and in the righthand semicircle gales blew at a distance of 300 miles from the centre, the latter being at noon off the coast near Wenchow and situated in 27 45,' 121° 30'. A large number of vessels encountered the bad weather, but the greater number had taken shelter at various points along the coast. One vessel, the S.S. Nanchang, bound from Chefoo to Swatow, ran safely across the path in front of the centre on the morning of the 29th and thus gained the manageable semicircle. She experienced a NNE gale at 4 a. (barometer 29.45) backing to WNW of force 8 (barometer 29.20) at 8 a. The S.S. Hangchow at anchor in 27° 30, 121° 00' was situated in the lefthand semicircle.. Typhoon force of wind from West by South was experienced at 2 p. the barometer falling to its minimum, 29.01, at 3 p. The barometer rose after 5 p. with the wind slowly decreasing and backing to SW. The S.S. Taisang had been taken into shelter at Lotsin Bay, near Wenchow, on the previous evening and there encountered the centre. They had the wind steadily

358

increasing in force from the N during the morning of the 29th and at 9 a. it blew a whole gale accom- panied by torrents of rain. The barometer fell at a fairly uniforin rate of about 0.05 inch per hour between 1 a. and 11 a. At the latter hour the reading was 29.04 and now an extremely rapid fall set in, the mercury descending to 28.44 at p. At the same hour the wind increased to a hurricane from N with squalls of terrific violence which lashed the Bay into perfect foam. The vessel was steaming ahead to prevent her being driven from her anchors. At 4 p. the wind decreased to force 10 and at 4.30 p. the centre passed over the ship. The wind fell calm but the sky remained overcast with rain. Many land birds, &c. boarded the vessel at this time. How long the calm lasted is not stated, but the wind sprang up again frm SW blowing with force 10 only, ie., the wind was not as strong nor the gradients as steep in rear as in front of the centre; but a part of the central area was now, of course, on land. The wind continued to blow with force 10 for the remainder of the evening backing to SSW at 10 p. At midnight the barometer had risen to 29.20. At noon on the 30th the centre was situated in 30° 30,′ 120° 15′ or about 90 miles to the SW of Woosung, and it was begin- ning to recurve to the NNE. Southeast gales prevailed at the lighthouse stations at the mouth of the Yangtze and moderate NE to NW breezes at the Yangtze ports, but the depression had filled up considerably during its progress over the land. At noon on the 1st July the centre was situated in 32° 30,′ 120° 30′. The disturbance had moved slowly, at 5 miles per hour only, during the preced- ing 24 hours and SE gales, slowly veering, had thus continued to blow at Shanghai and at the light- house stations in that neighbourhood until the morning of the 1st July while fresh NE breezes back- ing to NW prevailed at Chinkiang and Wuhu on the Yangtze. On regaining the sea during the afternoon of the 1st, the depression moved very rapidly towards the NNE. The centre had already crossed the Shantung Promontory between Chefoo and the NE Shantung Promontory lighthouse at 3 a. on the 2nd, and on the early morning of the 3rd it appears to have influenced the weather at Wladiwostok where strong SSE winds prevailed with a considerable decrease of pressure.

}

July 14th, 11.13 a. "Small depression moving westward probably between Macao and Hoihow. Barometer unsteady. Fresh SE winds. Sea moderate. Weather showery and squally."

The observations show that pressure had decreased on this day around Gulf of Tongking and strong SE to S winds with rainsqualls prevailed between Hongkong and 20° Lat., but there is no evidence of the existence of any cyclonic depression.

July 18th, 11.7 a. "There are indications of a depression on the W side of the China Sea in about 17° to 18° latitude. On S coast, barometer falling, moderate E winds and fair weather."

July 19th, 11.12 a. "Depression in China Sea appears to be troughlike in character at present with moderate winds from SW in the S part of the China Sea and from NE in the N part. On S coast, barometer falling slowly. Weather fair."

July 20th, 10.27 a. Black South Cone hoisted.

July 20th, 10.37 a. "Depression is increasing in intensity to the S of Hongkong. Barometer falling. Strong E winds with showery and squally weather."

July 21st, 11.5 a. "The depression appears to be moving slowly towards WNW.

SE winds with rainsqualls probable here.

July 21st, 4.30 p. Black Ball hoisted.

July 22nd, 10.10 a. Black Ball taken down.

Strong E to

July 22nd, 11.15 a. "The barometer has risen in Hongkong and has fallen at Bolinao. The weather appears to remain in an unsettled condition generally over the N part of the China Sea. Moderate SE winds with showery and squally weather probable here.

The following are the noon observations during the above period :-

COAST STATIONS.

July 18th.

July 19th,

July 20th.

July 21st.

July 22nd.

Amoy, Hongkong,

Pakhoi,

Haiphong,

Hoihow,

Bolinao,......

.68 ESE 2 c. .75 var. 2 c.

Cape St. James,

SW 6 0.

20.77 SSE 2 c. 29.77 SSE 2

.77 ENE 3 c. .75 .64 ENE 4 c. ,64 E .62 E

0. .62 E

.69 ENE 2 .77 var. 2 o.

SW 7 0q.

5 0.

***

29.77 SE 2 c.

.74 E3 orq. .64 E 3 c. .64

◊ or. .67 SE 2 or.

S 2 c. SW 5 0.

29.76 SSE 2 c.

.72 E 2 or. .65 ESE 1 c. .64 ENE 5 0. .67 E 2 o. .80 S

29.74 SE 2 b.

.77. S 1 o. .64 SE 1 o. .60 SE m.. .67 E 2 0.

2 C.

.76 SW 2 o.

SW 6 oq.

VESSELS.

359

July 18th.

S.S. Framnes,..... ..21° 41' 115° 50′ 29.74

Frejr,.... .21 55 113 46

Sh. Susquehanna, ...20 01 113 58

3 oq. E 4 q. ESE 4

S.S. Sishan, .........18° 33′ 112° 31′ 29.67 SW 4 q.

I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...17 16 107 52 S.S. Pakshan, .......13 48 109 32

.71

S 4 or.

.68

SSW 4 C.

July 19th.

S.S. Formosa,

.22° 29′ 115° 20′ 29.76

E 4

,, Amigo,..

..20 30 120 16

.75

Activ, .....

.20 09 109 00

.66

Glücksburg, ....18 02 110 53

.67

NE 2

og.

ܕ,

Hongay,

S.S. Memnon,

.17° 25′ 117° 00′ Bk. Sebastian Bach, 16 16 114 52 S.S. Sishan,

15 51 110 36 .14 41 113 11

29.77

SW 3 C.

.72 W 2 rq.

.63

SSW m 0.

.74

SSW 5

July 20th.

S.S. Memnon, ....

.20° 46′ 115°26′ 29.70 Glücksburg, ....20 26 112 38 Activ,

...20 05 110 20 Wingsang, ......19 37 114 10

E 7

.69 E 5 pg. .68 ENE 2 .76? SE 3

or..

S.S. Hongay, ......18° 31' 114° 14′ 29.68 1.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18 13 109 43 Bk. Sebastian Bach, 17 59 114 52 S.S. Ravenna, ......17 49 113 30

SSW 3 ogd.

.71

W 1 C.

.72

S 4 pq.

.70

July 21st.

S.S. Lyderhorn,

Taiyick, Shantung, Aglaia,.....

......22° 30′ 115° 40′

22 25 114 53 .22 01 114 06 21 25 113 50

29.77

op.

.63? SE 6 rq. .69 ESE 5 .72 SE 4

S.S. Activ,

..20° 39' 111° 33′ 29.68 NNW 2 0. Mathilde, ...20 26 112 15

.69 SW 4 Bk. Sebastian Bach, 19 35 114 32 .72 WSW 2 dq. I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18 16

.74 W 1

July 22nd.

109-43

Bk. Sebastian Bach, 20° 37′ 114° 53′ 29.78 S.S. Hanoi,

SSE I

сон

...20 10 109 42 .68 E 4 rit.

IS.S. Strathdee, ......20° 09′ 111° 08′ 29.70 SW 4 0.

Phra C. C. Klao,18 00 114 18 .75 NW 3 or.

The above observations show that on the 18th pressure was in defect about Hainan and the Gulf of Tongking and that moderate E to NE breezes prevailed along the S. coast of China and in the China Sea to the northward of 20° latitude, while moderate SW breezes blew to the southward of 19° latitude. On the 19th there is more distinct evidence of the existence of a troughlike depression. which probably stretched across the China Sea between the S. entrance to the Gulf of Tongking and the Balingtang Channel, pressure, however, being slightly lower in the former than in the latter district. On the 20th there are indications of a feeble cyclonic circulation about the position 19°, 112° and on the 21st there is still a trace of a shallow depression (VI) lying between Hongkong and Hainan. Winds had veered to the southward of Hongkong and strong S to SE breezes prevailed there accompanied by wet and squally weather.

The conditions which had prevailed during this period, are those which not uncommonly give birth to a typhoon, but in this instance the slight depression was dissipated without any such result.

July 25th, 10.10 a. Black South Cone hoisted.

July 25th, 10.35 a. "Depression S of Hongkong probably moving towards NW."

July 25th, 10.54 a. "Barometer falling,

Strong E winds with showery and squally weather.

A typhoon appears to have entered SW Japan yesterday."

July 25th, 6.15 p. Black Ball hoisted. July 26th, 10.15 a. Black Ball taken down.

July 26th, 11.10 a. "Barometer unsteady.

“Barometer unsteady. Gradients continue rather steep, and fresh SE to S winds with squally and showery weather may be expected."

The following noon observations refer to the above period :-

COAST STATIONS.

July 24th.

Amoy, Hongkong,

Pakhoi,

Haiphong, Hoihow,

29.71

.72 E .64

.60 WNW

ENE .64

Bolinao,

.75 SE

Cape St. James,

~~7 CO CO CO 10 IP 20

July 25th.

July 26th.

23 3 5 5 &

29.77

SE 2

.65 ENE 4

.60 NW 1

.63

SSE

.58 NE

.80

cd.

* 8%

Ë་ཝྃཚོ༤༤

29.80 .73

SE 2

SSE 4 .44 NW 7

or.

.62

.57 NE

SSW 3

.83

360

VESSELS.

July 24th.

S.S. Salazie, » Frejr,

Zafiro,

.20 34 115 34

.21° 34' 113° 44′ 29.72 NE .20 33 111 27

3 .68 ENE 4 q. .70 SSE 5

cp.

| I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18° 16′ 109° 43′ 29.74

Bk. Alcides, ...... S.S. Decima, .....

.16 36 113 38

14 41 110 00

W .65 WSW 7 orl. .72 WSW 3 0.

July 25th.

S.S. Phra Chom Klao,20° 05 Devawongse, ...18 45

110 20 111 49 I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18 16 109 43 S.S. Bygdo,

18 11 111 00

2950

NE 4 .53 NW 2 dg. .69 W 2 .60 WNW 8

Bk. Alcides, S.S. Decima,

or.

Tsinan, ,, Bisagno,....

19° 01′ 115° 21′ 17 54 111 18 18 01 117 15 17 28 114 04

29.65

.65

S 7 SW 5 or.

.73 SW

.61 S

110 10 30

5 09.

July 26th.

S.S. Shanghai, ......21° 22′ 114° 21′ 29.71 S 5

Activ, .....

..........20 05 110 20

q. .58 SSW 4 op.

S.S. Decima,

19° 43′ 112° 56′ 29.72 SSE 2 q.

I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18 16 109 43 .72 SW 1 C.

The above observations for the 24th July indicate that a small depression (VII) was probably central in 18°, 113°. To the northward of this position, at Hoihow and Hongkong, pressure was decreasing and moderate E to NE breezes prevailed between the two places with the weather becom- ing wet and squally. The S.S. Zafiro experienced fresh and strong SSE breezes with a cross sea at a distance of about 150 miles to the ENE and E of the position indicated above while at a distance of about 120 miles to southward of the centre, the bark Alcides experienced a moderate WSW gale. The noon observations of the 25th place the centre in 19° 15, 112° 30′ and the disturbance had thus moved in a northwesterly direction at the slow rate of about 3 miles per hour during the preceding 24 hours, but its speed was now accelerated. During the morning the S.S. Devawongse crossed the path of the disturbance with the barometer falling rather sharply until noon and the wind backing from NE to NW and subsequently to SW during the afternoon as the vessel progressed towards SW by S, but only gentle and moderate breezes were experienced although the weather was very threaten- ing in appearance. As this vessel probably passed within 40 miles of the centre it would appear that stronger winds prevailed at a distance from, than near to, the centre. The steamships Decima and Bygdo in the lefthand semicircle and steering to the NE both experienced fresh SW gales accompanied by heavy rain during the evening and at the same time the wind increased from the N at Hoihow. The centre passed about 40 miles to the NE of Hoihow during the early morning of the 26th, the barometer being at its lowest point (29.49) at 4 a. with the wind gradually backing from NW to SW and decreasing. The depression was now affecting the weather at Pakhoi. The barometer was fall- ing and the wind increasing from N during the morning. At noon a moderate gale was blowing from NW the centre being situated at this hour in 21° 20,' 109° 45′ or a few miles to the E of the port. At 2 p. the wind died away to almost a calm, light N and NE airs prevailing until 4 p. at which time the wind shifted to SW and gradually increased, attaining the force of a strong gale during the evening when the barometer commenced to rise. The lowest barometer reading recorded was 29.38 at 3 p. The centre thus passed over the port during the afternoon moving to the NW in the interior of China. During the 24 hours ending at noon on the 26th the depression had moved towards NW by W at an average speed of about 8 miles per hour.

It is seen that this disturbance never attained any very great intensity and the strongest winds reported were fresh or strong gales only. The typhoon referred to in the weather notice of July 25th, as having entered SW Japan on the previous day, did not directly affect the China coast. From observations made at the Japanese Station of Naha (26° 13', 127° 41') in the Loo Choo group of islands, it appears that Typhoon VIII approached this station from the southeast on the morning of the 23rd and passed it, at a short distance to the eastward, about noon moving rapidly towards the north-northwest. The barometer fell to 29.38 at 2 p. the wind backing from NNE at 10 a., to NW at 2 p. and to WSW at 6 p. and blowing with the force of a fresh or strong breeze accompanied by very heavy rain. The disturbance was encountered, early next morning, by the steamships Ethiope and Verona. The S.S. Ethiope was situated in 30° 40', 127° 45' at midnight of the 23rd and had then a falling barometer (29.62) and a strong ENE breeze with showery weather. At 4 a. of the 24th the barometer had fallen to 29.09 and typhoon force of wind from the north was experienced at 6 a. At 8 a. the barometer had risen to 29.31 and the wind had backed (in the lefthand semicircle) to NW of force 11. Thereafter the wind rapidly decreased in force maintaining, however, the NW direction. A heavy cross sea from E and NW prevailed during the storm with thick blinding rain and the vessel became unmanageable at 2 a. and fell off into the trough of the sea driving dead to leeward. From these observations it is seen that the centre must have passed a little to the Eastward of the vessel about 6 a. and that it was now recurving to the NE. Its average rate of progress during the past 18 hours was about 15 miles per hour. The S.S. Verona was also in the lefthand semicircle. They experienced a fresh N gale at 8 a. (barometer 29.36, minimum) in 31° 12′, 127° 49′ the wind backing to NNW of force 6 with rising barometer (29.63) at noon. The remainder of the track is taken from the Japanese Weather Maps. The centre passed near Nagasaki about 2 p. on the 24th and continued on its course to the north-eastward with increasing velocity, but on the 25th it had almost filled up.

361

July 30th, 11.20 a. "The barometer is falling slightly on the SE coast and there are some indications of a depression to the Eastward in the Pacific. Gradients gentle. Sea smooth. Weather

fine."

August 2nd, 11.43 a. "The barometer has fallen considerably on the E and SE coasts and a depression is indicated to the NE of Formosa. Moderate W to SW winds with fine weather probable in this district."

August 2nd, 5.30 p. Red North Cone hoisted.

August 3rd, 10,43 a.

August 3rd, 11.20 a.

August 4th, 10.10 a.

"Typhoon approaching coast probably in the neighbourhood of Wenchow." "On S coast, moderate to strong W and SW breezes with fine weather." Red North Cone taken down,

August 4th, 10.47 a. "Typhoon entered coast to the north of Foochow during the night and it is probably moving westward at present.'

August 4th, 11.3 a. "Barometer rising. Moderate to strong SW winds on S coast with weather becoming unsettled and showery."

The following are the noon observations referring to the typhoon indicated by the foregoing

information:-

COAST STATIONS.

July 30th.

July 31st.

*Kagoshima, (31° 35′, 130° 33′),

29.83

ENE 1 0.

*Naha,

(26° 13′, 127° 41′),

.66

NNE 4

Keelung,

.75

NNE 4

South Cape,

.76 NE

Bolinao,

.75 SSW

3 3 2 3 3

29.73

ENE 3

.35

NNW

.66

N 2

.70 W 4 .74 SSE

ó ó ó ó ó

August 1st.

29.74

S 5

.60 W

or'.

.63 W .77

SSW

ted to

August 2nd.

August 3rd.

August 4th.

North Saddle,...

29.62

Hankow,

Steep Island,

E 6 om. .47 ENE I b. .60 NE 5

cm.

+Kiukiang,

.58 NE 2

29.60 SE 6 om. .40 NNE 1 b. .53 ESE 6 .50 NE 3

cm.

Wenchow, Naha,

Middle Dog, Tamsui, Chapel Island, Lamocks,... Hongkong,

.53 NW 3

oq.

.22 ENE 7

South Cape,

Bolinao,

.53 SSE 1 .48 W 1 cm. .51 WSW 6

opq. .51 SSW 3 bm. .59 SW 4 cm. .70 W 3 b. .54 WSW 7 .77 SSW 2

or.

om.

57 SE 1 .19 WSW 8 .37 SW 3 opq. .40 W 3 C. .46 SW 4 om. .59 WSW 2 .48 WSW 7 .74 SW 3

orq.

omr.

29.62 SE 6 om. .82 NNE 4 C. .60 SE 5 cm. .40 NE 5 C. .52 SE 3 .61 ESE 1 .41 SE 5 .54 S 1 .42 SSW 6 .47 SW 4

29.63

.60

August 5th.

SE 4 omp.

26 NE 2 C.

NE 3 cmq.

.36 NE 3 0.

.59 ESE 3 0. .69 S 1

or.

çin.

54 SE

cm.

.68 N 1

cm.

.54 SSE 3

om.

.56 SSW 4

cm.

cin.

.54

SW 3 0.

56 SW 2 0.

.63

W 5 omp.

.74

Or.

.69 W 3 cmd. .74

* Time of observation: Kagoshima, 1h 42m p., Naha, 1h 31 p.

Barometer readings uncorrected.

27° 11′ 121° 40′ 29.60 NNE 3

VESSELS. July 31st.

S.S. Tritos,

.29° 10′ 124° 13′ 29.77 NE 3 og. | Bk. Alcides,

August 1st.

3 b. Bk. Otago, 4 C.

Alcides,

29° 06′ 122° 25′ 27 38 123 08 26 58 121 31

S.S. Amoy,

Ardgay,

.32° 55′ 123° 07′ 29.76 .32 38 127 52 .77 SE Empress of Japan, 31 01 128 39 .62 EN 8 C. S.S. Tritos, Macduff, .........31 00 125 30

S.S. Nanchang, ......33° 14′ 122° 59′

Pingsuey, Framnes,

.63 ENE 7 C. Bk. Bidston Hill,... 25 56 120 36

29.78

.32 03 126 24 .31 28 127 56

Ardgay,..... .31 12 125 00 Glenorchy, .....31 10 125 24 Macduff, .........31 00 123 30

August 2nd.

E 3 C. S.S. Formosa,

.76 ESE

.71 ESE 8 rq. .67 E 7 cq. 58 NE 8 q. ESE 6

29° 52′ 122° 41′ 20 38 125 40

27 87 121 12

NNE 9 29.50 N 9

.65 NNW 5 0. WSW 4

29.56 NNE 5 0.

.57 SSE 10 ql. 43 N/W 11 0.

11 orq.

(27 00 123 30)? 28.73 N Otago,

26 46 121 00 20.40 N Bidston Hill,... 25 17 120 06

OV.

Ethiope, Wuotan, Bk. Alcides,

.67

31° 35′ 121° 30′

29.58

Glenorchy, ..31 24 128 03

.63

ESE 8 q.

Framnes,

.31 16 127 25

.71

9 rq.

cpq. August 3rd. 8 orq. S.S. Wuotan,.....

Choysang, Bk. Alcides,

SW 4

Nanchang,.

.30 11 121 53

.50

4 08.

Otago,

دو

Ardgay,

29 39 123 52

.54

6 cq.

S.S. Fooksang,

Ethiope,

28 34 125 03

.5t

E 7 al.

Bk. Bidston Hill,... 24 46 119 30

27° 51′ 121° 06′ 23.94 NE 12 27 13 120 16 28.83 NW 11 ..(26 20 124 26)? SW 7

26 15 121 20 29.20 SSW 9 orq. 26 00 119 30 .31 W 5

W/S 4 og.

orq. orq.

07.

...

S.S. Pingsuey,

362

S.S. Pronto,

Canton,.

.33° 16′ 123° 09′ 29.76 30 36 122 57 .29 42 122 00

Lyeemun, Ardgay,

.28 04 121 54

August 4th.

SE 6 q. .64 SE 6 rq. .4 ESE 7 g14.

.54 SE 4 C.

S.S. Wuotan,....

Peiyang, Fooksang, Belgic, Ancona,

20° 49′ 121° 15′ 26 19 120 17

Min River. 24 25 118 23 23 45 118 12

29.47 ESE 3

.46 $ 4 .39 SSE 4 C. .41 SSW 4 C. .49 SW 4 C.

,, Choysang, ...27 30 120 55 .52 E 3 C.

Typhoon IX, to which the foregoing observations refer, was already in existence but far away in the Pacific, on July 29th. On this day the ship Ivy experienced a fresh WSW gale with hard rainsqualls in 19° 45', 133° 00'. Unfortunately they recorded no barometric observations but doubtless the bad weather encountered was due to a typhoon which was passing to the N and W of the vessel. On the 30th, the vessel being situated in 18° 54′, 132° 45', the wind had backed to SW of force 6 the weather remaining very squally. The typhoon had now also commenced to affect the weather at Naha (Loo Choo Islands) where the barometer was falling quickly and the wind increasing from the NNE. On the 31st the observations show that a considerable decrease of pressure had taken place at this station during the preceding 24 hours and that the typhoon was also affecting the stations in Formosa and SW Japan. The centre was perhaps situated in 26°, 129° at noon and during the evening it approached the neighbourhood of Naha where the wind backed to WNW and blew a fresh gale, the barometer reading 29.17 at 9.30 p. The minimum reading recorded was 29.07 at 1.30 a. of August 1st the wind having then backed to WSW of force 5. Very heavy rain was falling with the wind steadily backing to SW and S during the morning but the barometer rose slowly. The centre was thus passing a little to the north of this station on the morning of August 1st its course probably being towards WNW and W during the time. At noon on August 1st the centre was situated in 27°, 127° or about 60 miles to the NW of Naha. The barometer was now falling rather quickly in the neighbourhood of N Formosa with the wind increasing to a fresh breeze from W at Keelung, the centre being situated at a distance of about 300 miles to the ENE of the station. Pressure was also giving way on the East coast of China and moderate to fresh NE breezes blew at the lighthouse stations at the mouth of the Yangtze the centre bearing about 350 miles to the SE of the North Saddle lighthouse at noon. In SW Japan moderate or fresh E breezes prevailed the barometer being almost stationary the centre being about 350 miles SW by S of Kagoshima. The steamships Macduff and Empress of Japan had fresh NE to E gales at a distance of about 250 miles to north of the centre and the bark Alcides about 200 miles in front of, i. e., to the west of the centre, had an increasing N gale, a heavy sea and squally weather but the sky was only partially clouded and the weather remained dry.

;

On August 2nd at noon the centre was situated in 27° 00′, 123° 45′ the disturbance having moved westward at the rate of a little more than 7 miles per hour since noon of the preceding day. When the warning of August 2nd was issued from the Hongkong Observatory the centre was thus 170 miles to the NE of Tamsui (N Formosa). On referring to the noon observations made at the coast stations on this day it is seen that pressure had decreased generally on the China coast between Hongkong and Shanghai during the preceding 24 hours, the fall being a rapid one in the area between the N part of the Formosa Channel and Wenchow. The disturbance had also begun to affect the Yangtze stations where the barometer was now falling. In SW Japan and at Naba pressure was increasing as the typhoon moved away to the westward. Cyclonic winds were increasing in force on the China coast between N Formosa and Shanghai and very bad weather prevailed over an extensive At sea, E to SE gales with a heavy sea prevailed at a distance of 350 miles from the centre in the NE quadrant and in front or to the W of the centre it was blowing with storm force from N at a distance of 150 miles. The noon position given for the bark Alcides is very doubtful, but it is certain that the vessel was very close to the centre which must have passed a little to the north of her position. They experienced typhoon force of wind from N backing to W during the afternoon and evening accompanied by violent rainsqualls. The barometer fell to 28.60 at 4 p. but the instru- ment then becane deranged and they were unable to make further observations.

area.

On the 3rd August the noon observations made at the coast stations clearly indicate that the centre was then situated between the Middle Dog lighthouse and Wenchow. The notice issued from the Observatory on the morning of the 3rd was therefore quite accurate. An excessive decrease of pressure had taken place during the preceding 24 hours at these stations and all stations between Hongkong and Shanghai and also the Yangtze ports were now much affected by the disturbance. By aid of the observations made on board the S.S. Choysang and other vessels the exact position of the centre at noon is found to be a little to the East of Namquan harbour and in 27° 10′, 120° 45'. During the preceding 24 hours the typhoon had thus moved westward at an average speed of 7 miles per hour.

The S.S. Wuotan at anchor in Bullock harbour and situated about 50 miles to the N of the centre at noon, had experienced typhoon force of wind from NE by N accompanied by thick rain since 7 a. the barometer remaining steady at 28.94 between 9 a. and noon. At 1 p. the wind veered to ENE with rising barometer and at 3 p. the wind bad come to ESE and had decreased to force 10 with a lighter appearance of the sky. The bark Otago, hove to, was at noon situated at a distance of 65 miles to the SW by S of the centre. They had experienced a heavy gale from W, backing to SSW during the morning and her decks were constantly filled by sea water, everything moveable being washed away. During the evening the gale abated the wind direction backing to S by W with

363

rising barometer. The observations made on board the S.S. Choysang at anchor in Namquan harbour show that the centre passed almost over the vessel and entered the continent about 3 p. After noon they experienced hurricane winds from NW with furious squalls and blinding rain so that it was impossible to see more than the ship's length. They made the following observations:-

1. 0 p. 28.71

hurricane squalls with occasional clears overhead.

wind lulling: 2.06 p. calm: 2.15 p. shift to NE, light breeze:

2.30 p. shift to ENE moderate, barometer pumping. clear all round.

NW 12 or.

2. 0

.65

3.0 3.40 4. 0

.65

ENE

.80

ESE

.84

ESE

5.30

29.13

SE E

6. 0 7.0

.17

SE E

heavy squalls.

.25

constant rain.

دو

hurricane with furious squalls and blinding rain.

These observations show that the centre passed over the anchorage, the vessel being situated on the northern edge of the central calm area. The disturbance continued on a W or WSW course in the interior of China, but it does not appear to have filled very rapidly. The coast stations between Hongkong and Shanghai were still affected by the depression on the 4th and it was not until the evening of this day that pressure began to increase again on the S coast, while the Yangtze ports of Kiukiang and Hankow continued to be under the influence of the disturbance until the 5th.

August 11th, 11.15 a. "A typhoon had approached the S coast of Japan yesterday afternoon." The typhoon (X) referred to above did not affect the China coast. The track is taken from the Japanese Weather Maps. The centre was situated to the SE of Kiushui on the 9th and it entered the S coast of Japan near Hamamatsu during the early morning of the 11th and proceeded to the NNE and NE, the depression becoming shallower meanwhile. The following observations were made

at sea:

S.S. Feilung, Gwalior, Lawang,

.31 12 132 22

9th August.

.33° 37′ 136° 25′ 29.76 .62

.29 22 129 32

ENE 5 NE/N 7 c.

NE 6 org.

S.S. Feilung, Gwalior, Amigo,

وو

10th August.

.34° 26' 138° 43′ 29.31 SE 7 orq.

Kii Channel. ..31 55 129 11

.33 NNW 7 0.

.61 NNW 5 C.

The S.S. Gwalior in the lefthand semicircle experienced a moderate NE gale backing to NNW between the 9th and 10th and the S.S. Feilung, in the right hand semicircle, had a very heavy E gale veering to S between the 10th and 11th.

August 25th, 11.10 a. "Barometer steady. Light S and SE winds. Weather fine but becoming less settled than of late."

August 26th, 10.40 a. "There is a depression in the N part of the China Sea to the S of Hongkong."

August 26th, 11.7 a. "Barometer falling. Moderate to strong E winds with showery and squally weather."

August 26th, 4.40 p. "Depression is probably moving towards WNW."

August 27th, 10.30 a. "Depression appears to have entered the N part of the Gulf of Tongking.” August 27th, 11.5 a. "Barometer rising. Fresh SE winds decreasing. Weather squally and showery."

August 28th, 10.40 a. "The depression has approached Haiphong." August 28th, 11.0 a. Barometer steady. Moderate E to SE winds. squally to fair."

Weather showery and

The following noon observations refer to the depression indicated in the foregoing:

COAST STATIONS.

August 25th.

August 26th.

August 27th.

Amoy, Hongkong,

29.82 SSE 1 b.

Pakloi,

Haiphong,

Hoihow,

Bolinao,

.82 SSE 1

-Cape St. James,

.82 E 2 .70 NNW 1 C.

.82 WSW 1 .79 NE 3 b.

SW 5 om.

2 3 3 3 3 3

29.84

.76

.70 NNE 2

€.

.70 ENE 3 .82 S

: ಏ ಏ : ೨ - D

2 b.

233; 85:

29.86

SE 2 b. .86 SE 4 ort. .66 ENE 4 .64 E

•

.64 SE 4

.84 var. 1

SW 5 oq.

<ཡྻུཾ༤༦ཡྻུཾ་ཚོ་

August 28th.

29.90 WSW 2 b. .91 E 2 0. .73 E 4 C. .65 ESE 8 .75 SSE 3 .81 WSW 1

SW 7 oq.

364

VESSELS.

August 25th.

S.S. Tsinan,

.19° 34′ 116° 08′ 29.82

4 orq. S.S. Chusan,

Bormida,

.18 38 113.47

.76

Sishan,............16 02 110 41

.77

NE 4 NNE 3

or.

Hupeh,

S.S. Taichiow,..............

Alwine, Sishan.....

.29° 07′ 114° 04′ 29.76

5 rq.

14° 45′ 110° 13′ 29.76 .13 37 112 50

Glenesk,...12 26 111 19

August 26th.

S.S. Hupeh,

S 2 eq.

.75 SW 5 .82 WSW 8 q

om.

.20 40 111 20

.82? NE 4

.19 25 112 24

.69

3 C.

I.M.C.C. Likin, S.S. Pingsuey,

.18 14 109 30

.76

1 or.

.17 21 114 26

Fury

or.

Machew,... Glenesk,. Esang, Tantalus,

16° 54′ 113° 29′ .16 52 110 44 .16 16 13 33 .12 50 109 37 11 24 111 05

29.71

.68 .78 SW 4 .77 S 1 .87 SW 6

SE 1 op. NW 5 C.

or.

S.S. Alwine,

Glenesk, Hupeh, Machew,

Taichiow,

SSE

...

or.

;)

ry.

..21° 52′ 113° 10' 29.92? SE

.20 20 114 24 .20 09 113 58 .20 00 112 27 ......19 19 112 15

August 27th.

.81 ESE 8 .70 SE 9 .66 ESE 7 rq.

I.M.C.C. Likin,......18° 14' S.S. Esang,

Gera, Tantalus, ,,Pingsuey,

August 28th.

109° 30′ 29.60 SSW 4

.68 SSW 5 or.

.71 SSW 5

16 45 110 28

.14 55 111 05

.15 23 113 17

.82

13 46 112 42

.84

SSE 6 C.

S 6 op.

19° 37′ 112° 21′ .18 14 109 30

29.83

.78 SE

45)

៖៖៖៖

S.S. Activ,

"Esang,

at Pakhoi. .20° 10′ 112° 58' Tantalus, .........19 52 113 40

29.74

.87 SE

77 C.

73+

.92 SE 4

3 3

S.S. Gera,

I.M.C.C. Likin,..

S.S. Taichiow, ......17 21 110 40 .73 SSE 5

On the 25th August the sea observations show that winds had a tendency to circulate around the position 16°, 115° and the barometric observations also indicate that pressure was slightly low in this part of the China Sea. On the 26th pressure had decreased in Hainan and along the S coast. of China where winds were moderate but increasing from E and NE accompanied by showery and squally weather. The noon observations made at sea show that pressure had also decreased to the SE of Hainan during the preceding 24 hours and indicate the existence of a cyclonic depression (XI) of slight intensity with its centre in about 18°, 112°. At a distance of about 100 miles from this position winds were no stronger than moderate or fresh breezes at this time. but during the evening the steamships Hupeh, Glenesk and Sishan steering for Hongkong, in rear of the centre, had the wind increasing from the SE with rising barometer, the latter vessel experiencing a strong gale with rain- squalls and a high sea at midnight. The S.S. Machew was to the WSW of the centre in the morning and also steering towards Hongkong. During the evening the fresh NW breeze that had been experienced during the morning died away and gave place to a gentle SE breeze. At 2 a. of the 27th the barometer attained its lowest point, 29.55, and at 3 a. the wind rose to a fresh gale from ESE accompanied by heavy rainsqualls. It appears, therefore, that this vessel passed through the central area during the evening of the 26th and the observations show that the disturbance was only a shallow depression with moderate or slight gradients to the westward of and in the central area. In depressions of this class which form in the northern part of the China Sea and generally move towards the Gulf of Tongking strong winds are seldom developed on their western sides where the gradients are moderate owing to the low pressure usually prevailing in the Gulf of Tongking and neighbouring coasts during the summer. The disturbance was now moving to the WNW and it entered the East coast of Hainan during the morning of the 27th. At Hoihow strong NE breezes veering to SE were experienced accompanied by wet squally weather, the barometer rising during the afternoon. On the S coast of Hainan, at Yulinkau, the I.M.C.C. Likin experienced fresh SSW breezes with rain during the morning increasing to a moderate gale at night with rising barometer. At noon on the 27th August the centre was situated in about 19°4, 109°, and it was about to pass from Hainan into the Gulf of Tongking. As pressure had increased very considerably in the neigh- bourhood of and to the southward of Hongkong, gradients were rather steep between Hongkong and Hainan and SE gales prevailed at sea between the two places. The S.S. Machew sustained great damage about her decks owing to the heavy sea which got up. The disturbance crossed the Gulf of Tongking between the 27th and 28th, and during the morning of the latter day the centre entered the coast a little to the South of Haiphong at which station a fresh NNE breeze prevailed during the morning veering to ESE and increasing to a gale with rising barometer during the afternoon.

The depression never attained any great intensity and the strongest winds reported were of force 9 only. Its average rate of progression between the 26th and 28th was nearly 8 miles

per hour. Although the information issued from the Observatory with regard to this depression was substantially correct it may be stated that no observations were received from Hoihow between August 20th and 30th. As the disturbance crossed Hainan and as it was at all times nearer to Hoihow than to Hongkong it is readily seen that such observations would have afforded valuable assistance had they come to hand.

September 5th, 4.27 p. "There appears to be a depression to the East of Luzon."

September 6th, 11.9 a. "The barometer continues to fall at Bolinao. On S coast, barometer

steady with fresh NE winds and fair weather."

365

September 7th, 11.10 a. "The small depression situated in the neighbourhood of Central Luzon yesterday has movel westward into the China Sea. On S coast, barometer falling with fresh NE

winds and fair weather."

September 8th, 10.55 a. Red South Cone hoisted. "The depression appears to be situated to the west of N Luzon."

September 8th, 11.17 a. "The barometer is falling quickly

"The barometer is falling quickly on the S and SE coasts of China and fresh NE winds. increasing, may be expected here with fine weather at first, but probably becoming unsettled later."

September 8th, 4.30 p. "The depression is probably moving slowly towards WNW."

September 9th, 11.15 a. "The depression appears to have but little motion at present but it is increasing in intensity. The barometer continues to fall on the S and SE coasts of China. Strong NE winds, squally, with fair weather probable here."

September 9th, 5.10 p. Black South Cone hoisted.

September 10th, 7.45 a. "Gale from NE to E expected in Hongkong." Gun fired one round. September 10th, 10.57 a. "Typhoon S of Hongkong apparently moving towards NW. The barometer is almost steady and there is no present indication of more wind than a strong gale here.'

September 10th, 4.40 p. "Typhoon SSW of Hongkong moving towards Hainan. Barometer now rising here.'

Black Ball hoisted.

September 11th, 5.33 a.

September 11th, 11.3 a.

"The barometer has risen generally except at Haiphong. Fresh SE to E winds with showery and squally weather probable in this neighbourhood."

September 11th, 4.0 p. Black Ball taken down. September 11th, 4.30 p.

Tongking."

"The typhoon appears to have passed into the NE part of the Gulf of

September 12th, 10.15 a. "The typhoon is approaching the neighbourhood of Haiphong." The following are the noon observations referring to the typhoon above indicated:-

September 9th.

2 b.

29.72 .69 .76

ENE 4

ENE

3 b. 3 or.

.67

.74 SSE

1+00:

COAST STATIONS.

September 7th.

September 8th.

Amoy,

29.84

Hongkong,

.84

NNE 1 C.

E 3

29.80

ENE

.75

South Cape,

.81 NE 5

.75

Hoihow,

.85

ENE

or.

.79

Bolinao,.

.81

SE 4 0.

.75

Cape St. James,

SW 3

Cr co co of 00 19

3 5 5 38 ¦

September 10th.

September 11th.

September 12th.

Amoy,

29.78

NE 1

Hongkong,

.68 NE 6

orq.

20.92 .86

NE 2 ESE 3

or.

29.97

.94 E

NE 1

or.

Pakhoi,

.67 NNW 7

.67 N 7

ed.

.81

SE/S

Haiphong,

.74 NNE

.71

.66

SE 6

Hoihow,

.60 N

od.

.40

ESE 8

.87

SSE 3

od.

Bolinao,.

.78

.90

S 1

.90

NW 3

Cape St. James,

SW 6

SW 5

om.

VESSELS.

Gerda,

S.S. Ravenna,

.21° 30′ 113° 45′ 29.84

19 22 112 43 Vorwaerts, ......18 49 117 35 Sungkiang, .16 06 119 00 Sh. Lilian Robbins,.16 00 114 30

S.S. Vorwaerts, ......21° 16' 114° 48′ 29.70 NE

...

September 7th.

0. S.S. Zafiro,............15° 51' 119° 05′ Arratoon Apcar, 13 46 112 05 Bk. F. Skolfield, ...12 56 113 30 S.S. Chusan, ...12 24 115 12 9 33 109 55

.70

NE .79 NE 5 .74 NE 5

4 orq. WNW 2 rq.

or.

,, Bormida,

September 8th.

•

Pakshan,

19 42 112 43

Zafiro,

J9 10 116 45

Sh. Lilian Robbins, 17 10 115 03

.79 NNE 5 .66 SE 5 .36

S.S. Tai Cheong, ....21° 14′ 114° 09′

Mathilde...... 18 40 110 42 Holstein,

18 26 111 38 I.M.C.C. Kaipan,....18 12 109 33

29.73 SW 6 rq.

.70 WSW 6 .80 SW 4 0. .80 W 5 .85

or.

.74 SW

S.S. Arratoon Apcar,16° 14′ 113° 28′ 29.54 WS Bk. E. Skolfield, ...14 50 115 34 S.S. China,..... .....12 33 109 29 Chusan, .........11 59 118 56

q. W 10 orq.

September 9th. 29.63 NE 8 cg. Sh. Lilian Robbins, . 18° 02′ 114° 55′ .60 N 7 0. S.S. Arratoon Apcar, 17 30 115 24

NNE 8 04.

Bk. F. Skolfield, ...16 39 117 45 S.S. China,.....10 17 107 24

72 W 3 C.

6 09.

.83 W 5 C. .84 WSW 5 cq.

E 10 orq

29.26

.46

SSE 9 SSE .84 WSW 4

►

oq. C.

366

September 10th.

S.S. Arratoon Apcar, 20° 58′ 114° 16′ 29.61 NE 7

Holstein, ..19 47 112 22 Mathilde,.....(18 30 111 15)? .40

59 NNE 12 org.

NW 9

I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18° 12′ S.S. Tai Cheong, ...18 02 or Sh. Lilian Robbins, 19 20 September 11th.

109° 33′ 29.67

NW 2 od.

111 34 114 23

.30

NW 11

oq.

.56

ESE 10 orq.

S.S. Framnes,

21° 46′ 113° 50′ 29.81 SE 4 op. L.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18° 12′

... Mathilde,.. 19 01 111 51

.62 SSW 9 orq.

S.S. Tai Cheong, ...15 28 September 12th.

109° 33′ 29.71 110 08 .79

W 5 orq

4 0.

S.S. Hongkong, ......20° 32′ 108° 32′ 29.84 SW 4 C. | S.S. Strathdee, ......19° 32′ 107° 30 29.80

S 4 r.

The foregoing observations refer to the typhoon which crossed the China Sea between the 7th and 12th September, but the observations made on board the sailing vessel Lucile which was in the Pacific at some distance to the eastward of Luzon appear to show that two typhoons were in existence at the same time the one crossing the China Sea in a WNW direction, and the other moving north- wards in the Pacific. With regard to the latter the Lucile experienced increasing WNW winds with heavy squalls on the 4th in 13° 32, 127° 41′ the barometer having fallen to 29.73. On the 5th in 15° 19,' 127° 44' the vessel was hove to on the port tack, the wind having increased to a gale from SW with squalls of typhoon force and a high cross sea. The barometer remained almost steady. On the 6th in 14° 50,' 128° 32′ and on the 7th in 16° 41, 128° 32′ the SW gale continued with heavy squalls and a cross sea, and it was not until the 8th that the barometer rose decidedly and the weather improved. It appears, therefore, that the Lucile was under the influence of a typhoon (XII) which was moving to the northwest and north. On the 10th September a typhoon was approaching SW Japan and it subsequently moved to the NE crossing Japan on the 11th and 12th. It appears probable that this disturbance was the saine as felt on board the Lucile between the 4th and 7th. The track of the typhoon across Japan is taken from the Japanese Weather Maps, but as the China Coast was not directly affected and the observations from the Japanese station of Naha (Loo Choo islands) are not yet to hand, it is impossible to prolong the track of the typhoon to the southward of Japan with certainty.

With regard to the typhoon (XIII) in the China Sea, the following conditions prevailed there for the two or three days previous to the 7th September:-Moderate to strong E and NE breezes with squally wet weather to the north of 16° or 17° latitude and moderate to fresh SW breezes to the south of 13° latitude. In the intervening area, particularly on its eastern side, light variable winds and calms prevailed and a gradual but moderate decrease of pressure was in progress at Bolinao and Manila. Between the 6th and 7th pressure increased 0.07 inch at Bolinao and a fresh SE breeze blew there on the morning of the 7th and at Manila a moderate SW breeze so that a southerly current had now taken the place of the light variable winds which had previously prevailed on that part of the Luzon coast. On the S. coast of China pressure was slowly decreasing and the fresh NE winds were still maintained. The marine data for the 7th indicate a depression, which was as yet of slight intensity, to be central in about 16°, 117° and it seems probable that the increase of pressure and the rather sudden advance of the southerly current northward on the W coast of Luzon were the chief causes which determined the formation of the cyclonic depression. The steamships Sungkiang and Zafiro, situated at a distance of about 120 miles to the rear of the centre at noon, experienced fresh to strong S to SW breezes accompanied by heavy rain and a high SSW sea. The sailing vessel Lilian Robbins was situated at a distance of about 150 miles in front of the centre at noon and they had the wind increasing from the WNW accompanied by rainsqualls.

On the 8th the observations show a considerable decrease of pressure on the S coast of China while at Bolinao the barometer had again fallen, although the centre was now slowly moving away from the station, which appears to indicate that the depression had become deeper since the previous day. The centre at noon on the 8th was probably situated in 17° 30, 115° 30′ which shows that the disturbance had moved towards NW by W at the slow rate of just over 4 miles per hour. The centre was thus about 30 miles to the NE of the Lilian Robbins at noon.

This vessel had expe- rienced a strong or whole NW backing gale with heavy rainsqualls and a high cross sea during the morning. They did not record the height of the barometer until 8 a. and thence it was almost steady or fell slowly until midnight when it read 29.26. The wind had gradually backed from W to SW between noon and midnight, but it continued to blow with force 10 except for a short time near 8 p. when it moderated slightly and at the same time the rain ceased and there was some partially clearing of the sky. The vessel was thus in the lefthand semicircle and the centre was slowly passing at a short distance to the north of her position on the evening of the 8th. Both the Zafiro and Sungkiang had passed into the NE quadrant since the previous day and had experienced the wind backing to SE during the interval. The barometer had fallen although they continued to be at about the same distance from the centre as on the previous day which, as above stated, indicates that the depression had become deeper. The S.S. Arratoon Apcar, bound for Hongkong and at a distance of about 150 miles to the SW by W of the centre, experienced a W by S gale with high sea and a falling barometer. They very properly ran to the eastward, but as the disturbance was moving very slowly they gained no immediate relief as they continued to experience a strong gale from WSW during the evening with the barometer still falling.

367

At noon on the 9th the Lilian Robbins was still close to the centre, but her position, which is from dead reckoning, may possibly be somewhat in error as the vessel had been subject to a whole gale for a period of 36 hours and her position had not been determined by observation since noon of the 7th. The centre is, therefore, placed in 17° 45,' 114° 00′ at noon on the 9th which is a few miles to the westward of the position which the observations made on board this vessel would appear to indicate. This gives the disturbance a motion at the rate of rather less than 4 miles per hour in a W by N direction during the 24 hours ending at noon on the 9th. The Lilian Robbins was evidently situated close to the centre and was probably being carried along by the storm. The lowest recorded reading of the barometer was 29.26 and the mercury remained practically steady at this point the whole day. The wind, however, changed from SSW to E between 4 a. and 6 a. so that the vessel passed from the SE to the NE quadrant during the interval. After noon the wind veered to ESE but continued to blow with force 10 to 11 accompanied by heavy rainsqualls for the remainder of the day. The S.S. Arratoon Apcar experienced a strong SSE gale at a distance of about 90 miles to the rear of the centre. the S.S. Holstein a fresh NNE gale at a distance of about 150 miles in front of the centre and the S.S. Tai Cheong a fresh NE gale at a distance of 200 miles to the N of the centre. When the Black South Cone was hoisted the centre was situated about 260 miles to the south of Hongkong.

At noon on the 10th the centre was situated in 18° 30′, 112° 30′ or about 250 miles to the SSW of Hongkong and about 150 miles to the SE of Hoihow. The disturbance had continued to move at an average rate of about 4 miles per hour during the preceding 24 hours, the direction being towards WNW. At Hongkong it blew with an average force of a inoderate gale from NE and ENE during the middle part of the day accompanied by rainsqualls, but the disturbance was now slowly moving away from the Colony and the barometer commenced to rise during the afternoon. At Hoihow the barometer was falling and a strong N breeze, increasing, was experienced. The sky was overcast and drizzling rain was falling. As usual the observations made at this station failed to reach Hong- kong until two days later on. At sea the S.S. Taicheong was about 60 miles to the WSW of the centre at noon. This vessel had continued on her course towards SW since noon of the previous day and had run across the path in front of the centre in the course of the morning during which time winds of storm force backing from NE by N to NW were experienced accompanied by violent squalls. The lowest recorded reading of the barometer was made at noon. After this hour very heavy rain squalls were experienced and the wind continued backing towards W and SW but decreasing slowly in force. At midnight the barometer had risen to 29.50 but it still blew a strong gale from SW by The S.S. Holstein was in the righthand semicircle and situated at a distance of about 75 miles to the N by W of the centre. During the afternoon and evening a typhoon from NE veering to E was experienced, the lowest reading of the barometer (29.22) being recorded at midnight. Next morn- ing the wind veered to SE, decreasing slowly, with rising barometer. The ship Lilian Robbins, in the NE quadrant at a distance of about 120 miles from the centre, still had a whole gale from ESE at noon on the 10th but the barometer was rising quickly and the gale decreased during the evening. The S.S. Mathilde was hove to on the port tack early on the morning of the 10th. At noon she was probably situated at a distance of about 75 miles to the front of the centre.

The barometer fell very rapidly during the evening and the wind which had been gradually increasing from the NW since noon attained typhoon force at 8 p. At 11 p. the wind decreased to force 4, and at midnight with the lowest recorded reading of the barometer (28.74) the wind changed to SW of force 3, the rain ceased, the sky partially cleared and the sea became moderate. The wind continued light from SW until after 2 a. of the 11th, the barometer having risen slightly but at 3 a. it was blowing with typhoon force from SW and the barometer had risen to 28.94. Typhoon force from SW lasted until 6 a. when the storm began to abate, the direction backing to SSW at 9 a. The vessel therefore appears to have been situated on the southern edge of the central area at midnight of the 10th and the disturbance appears from these observations to have been moving to the NW at the time.

During the morning of the 11th the centre entered the island of Hainan. At Hoihow a whole gale from N by E was experienced at 2 a. and the barometer fell to its lowest point, 29.40, at noon, at which hour the wind had veered to ESE and decreased to a fresh gale. In the course of the after- noon the wind further veered to SE and gradually decreased in force and at 9 p. the barometer had risen to 29.71. The I.M.C.C. Kaipan was anchored in Yulinkan Bay on the extreme south coast of Hainan. A strong W breeze was experienced during the morning which decreased in the afternoon and backed to SW in the evening. The barometer was rising after 8 a. and read 29.79 at 8 p. The centre at noon was situated in 19° 30′, 110° 0′ or a few miles to the south of Hoihow and it had evidently commenced to fill up on entering the island. The course of the disturbance continued to be towards the WNW but the average speed had increased to 6 miles per hour between the 10th and 11th. In the course of the evening the steamships Strathdce and Hongkong encountered the typhoon in the Gulf of Tongking. The Strathdee which had left Hongay for Hongkong on the morning of the 11th experienced a moderate N breeze with cloudy and gloomy weather. During the afternoon the barometer began to fall quickly and at 8 p. they had a heavy gale from NNW which increased to typhoon force from the same direction at midnight, the vessel then being situated in 20° 00′, 107° 33'. The barometer was at its lowest point (29.56) at the same hour. The vessel was in the lefthand semicircle and the wind gradually backed to NW 10 (29.65) at 4 a. and to W 10 (29.79) at 8 a.

368

The S.S. Hongkong had left Haiphong for Hongkong in the morning. During the evening, the vessel being in the righthand semicircle, the wind rose from the NE and blew with force 11 at 8 p. At midnight the vessel being in the position 20° 53′, 108° 09′ they experienced typhoon force of wind from E and ESE, the barometer having fallen to 29.60. At 4 a. on the 12th the wind had veered to SE of force 10 and at 8 a. to S of force 6 and at the latter hour the barometer had risen to 29.74. From these observations the centre must have been situated in 20° 10′, 108° 10′ at midnight of the 11th. It passed between the two vessels which were not very far asunder and although violent winds still blew near the centre the depression had evidently become shallower during its progress across the island of Hainan.

On the 12th September a strong NNW breeze was experienced at Haiphong during the early morning with the barometer reading 29.66 at 7 a. At 1.30 p. they had a strong breeze from SE and the barometer reading 29.60. From these observations, which are the only ones available, it is clear that the centre must have entered the coast and passed over, or very near, the ports between 7 a. and 1.30 p. but probably nearer the latter hour. The average rate of progression between noon of the 11th and noon of the 12th was about 9 miles per hour so that during the two previous days the rate of travel of the disturbance had gradually increased although its intensity had certainly decreased during this interval.

On the 13th the disturbance had disappeared from observation.

September 13th, 11.0 a.

steady. Moderate NE winds.

September 13th, 4.30 p.

"The barometer is falling again in Luzon. On S coast, barometer

Weather showery and squally."

"A depression is indicated to the E of Luzon."

September 14th, 11.8 a. "Barometer falling. Light NE winds. Weather fair."

September 15th, 11.10 a. "The barometer continues to fall in Luzon and S China. Light N winds with fair weather probable on S coast."

September 15th, 4.20 p. "The depression is now situated to the E of N Luzon." September 16th, 10.53 a

ESE of Bolinao."

"The depression appears to be approaching the Luzon coast to the

September 16th, 11.15 a. "Barometer falling in S China. Light to moderate N and NE winds with fair weather probable on S coast."

September 17th, 10.5 a. Red South Cone hoisted.

September 17th, 10.55 a. "The centre of the typhoon has entered the China Sea this morning after passing near Bolinao. It is probably moving towards NW at present.”

September 17th, 11.12 a. "Barometer falling in S China. In Hongkong, moderate N winds. gradually increasing with weather becoming unsettled during the next 24 hours."

September 18th, 10.30 a. Black South Cone hoisted.

September 18th, 10.50 a. "The centre of the typhoon is situated to the WNW of Bolinao. At present it is probably moving in a direction between WNW and NW."

September 18th, 11.15 a. "In Hongkong, barometer falling, fresh N winds increasing with every probability of a gale from the NE during the next 24 hours."

September 18th, 4.15 p. Gun fired one round. "Typhoon about 250 miles SSE of Hongkong moving towards WNW. Strong NE to SE gale expected in Hongkong."

September 18th, 7.10 p. Two lanterns hoisted vertically.

September 19th, 10.30 a. "Typhoon SSW of Hongkong moving towards the coast to the N of Hainan Straits. In Hongkong, strong E to SE gale decreasing towards night."

September 19th, 3.30 p. Black Ball hoisted.

September 20th, 10.15 a. Black Ball taken down.

September 20th, 10.45 a. "The typhoon is approaching the neighbourhood of Haiphong. Hongkong, barometer rising with fresh SE to E winds and weather showery and squally.

The following noon observations refer to the typhoon indicated in the foregoing information:--

COAST STATIONS.

September 15th.

Amoy, Hongkong, South Cape,

Hoihow,

Bolinao,

Manila,

September 16th.

September 17th.

29.81 NE 1 b.

.83 W 1. b.

.84

.78 NNE 4 b.

.71 Var.

.70 W

333333

29.76

NNE 1

.80 .74

ESE 1 C.

NNE 5 C.

37 N 1

£6 N 4

.51

WV/S

3 3 3 3 3 3

29.67

.68

N/E

.65

.75

.28 .37?

SE 4

6ac%eར7: rF

2 b.

mgr.

10 omrq.

September 18th.

September 19th.

September 20th.

369

Amoy,

Hongkong, Pakhoi,

29.65

NNE 3 0.

20.81

ESE 1

29.86

NE 2

.59 NNE

oq.

.57

E 3

orq.

.82

ESE B

.66 N

Haiphong,

.72

NNW

Hoihow,

.65

NNW 3

3 3 3

.45

N 8

od.

.53

SSE 2

.61

WNW 4

.52 W

.18

NW 10

od.

.67 SSE

od.

South Cape,

.68

ENE 5

cm.

.87

omp.

.87

NNE

Bolinao,

.55

or.

.80

.84

شن

Cape St. James,

oq.

04.

VESSELS.

September 15th.

Bk. F. Skolfield,

S.S. Ajax,

...20° 41′ 121° 43′ 29.81

.14 45 112 36

.85

Pronto,

|S.S. Memnon, 1107 107042′ 29.76

7117° in Iloilo.

.74 SW

4 9.

September 16th.

Bk. F. Skolfield,

Kitty, S.S. Ajax,

...20° 20′ 122° 27′ .20 09 117 53 .18 40 113 36

29.74 NNE

S.S. Donar,

.16° 04′ 110° 06′ 29.79

.70 NE .81 N

Pronto, C. H. Kian,

.12 10 120 52

.63 W

...10 54 110 45

75 W

ون نت

3 rq.

September 17th.

Bk. F. Skolfield, ...91° 44′ 190° 30′ 20.74

Kitty,

.19 34 118 29

6 rq. 46 NE (12)?...

S.S. Sungkiang,

C. H. Kian,

S.S. Arratoon Apcar, 19 15 113 34

Zafiro,.... .18 00 119 13

.71 NNW 3 C. 36. NE 8

Fidelio,

Pronto,

Bk. Kitty,

September 18th.

.19° 28′ 117° 41′

29.31

SS. Sungkiang......17 24 118 05 C. H. Kian,..............17 17 113 3± Zafiro,

.16 06 119 32

NE .21 S 37 NW 7 .34 SSE 8

...17° 15′ 117° 34′ 29.39 N/E ...14 32 112 46

Manila Bay.

.(13 0 120 15)?

.65 NW

8 p.

4 oq.

.25? S 8 org.

46 WSW 12 rq.

mr. (S.S. Arratoon Apcar, 15° 24′ 113° 07′ 29.53 SW 9 rlt.

Chowfa,

.15 14 110 24

rq. orq. Bk. W. le Lacheur, 15 10 115 55

S.S. Pronto, .... 14 02 118 22

September 19th.

.65 WNW 6

SW 10

59 SW 10 rq.

I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18° 12' 109° 33′ 29.54

S.S. Chowfa,

Bk. Kitty,

S.S. Japan,

21°26′ 117° 50′ 29.80 ..21 10 114 18

Frejr,

20 47 109 17

SE 2 .43 SE 9 38 NNW 10

I.M.C.C. Likin, ......19 57 109 50

at Hoihow.

.34 NW 9

orq.

.11 NW 10 rq.

S.S. Alwine, .....................

S.S. Frejr,

at Pakhoi.

Pronto,

.17 44 110 23 ...16 06 118 03 C. H. Kian, ...15 23 114 16 Arratoon Apear, 12 33 111 25

September 20th.

W 6 or. .51 W 10 orq.

.73 SW 8 .58 SSW

.69 SW

29.57 SSE 7 q. I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18° 12′ 109° 33′ 29.70 SSW

2 r.

Typhoon XIV was first experienced by the sailing vessel Lucile between the 12th and 17th of September, the vessel being situated at that time to the East of S Luzon. Her position during this period is not accurately stated but it may be taken as somewhere between the latitude of 13° and 14° and the longitude of 125° and 126°. They made scarcely any observations but the barometer is stated to have been falling on the 12th and 13th, the wind varying from N on the former to NW and WSW on the latter date. The wind was of the strength of a fresh breeze, rain was falling and the weather was very unsettled. On the 15th it blew a gale from W and SW accompanied by fierce squalls and heavy rain. On the morning of the 16th the barometer read 29.59 and the wind blew a moderate gale from SW backing to S by E accompanied by hard rainsqualls. In the course of the evening the weather moderated. From this information it appears that the typhoon was approaching the vessel from the eastward between the 13th and 15th, and that it passed to the north of the vessel moving westward, probably along the parallel of 15°, between the 15th and 16th. In the absence of detailed observations from the stations in Luzon, the observations telegraphel from Bolinao and Manila at the time being the only ones available, the centre may be placed in 15°, 123° at noon on the 16th and it appears to have entered the E coast of Luzon the same night. The weather was becoming bad at this time both at Bolinao and Manila. At the former station the wind increased to a gale from N during the evening. and the barometer had fallen to 29.48 at 7 p At 6 a, on the 17th the wind had decreased to a moderate breeze from N, the weather was wet and the barometer had fallen to 29.24. Between 8 a. and 9 a. the wind changed to the SE but was of force 2 or 3 only and no motion was discernible in the clouds. The barometer remained almost steady, the light SE wind continuing until after noon when it commenced to increase in force. The clouds were now coming fast from the SE, but later the direction backed to E together with the wind which at 5 p. (barometer 29.17) had attained the force of a strong gale accom- panied by heavy rainsqualls. At Manila they had storm force of wind from S at 10 a. (barometer 29.37), but at 4 p. it had decreased to a fresh S gale and the barometer which read 29.37 showed a rise allowing for daily variation. The centre was passing probably a few miles to the south of Bolinao during the

370

morning and the observations indicate that it was not of a sharply defined character but that it embraced a considerable area where gradients were slight or moderate and the winds light. In this respect the disturbance approximated somewhat to the conditions which prevail in the depressions of more northern latitudes. The disturbance had, of course, just crossed the island of Luzon, but next day the disturbance being then in the China Sea this feature was still maintained. The centre was probably situated in 15° 45', 119° 30' at noon on the 17th. The bark Kitty reported typhoon force of wind from NE at a distance of about 230 miles to the N by W of this position and the S.S. Pronto a hurricane from WSW with a tremendous sea at a distance of about 160 miles to the S by E of the centre. In both cases the wind force would appear to have been over-estimated. The S.S. Sungkiang situated about 140 miles to the NW, or in front of the centre, had a fresh increasing gale from Ń by É with high confused sea, and the S.S. Zafiro had a fresh NE gale with high sea at the same distance to the N of the centre.

At noon on the 18th the centre was situated in 17° 45', 116° 30,' and accepting this position and that for the previous day as correct the disturbance had moved to the NW by W at an average speed of nearly 9 miles per hour during the preceding 24 hours, and thus the notice issued from the Observatory at 4 p. on this day was quite accurate the centre being situated at that time to the SSE of the Colony and distant 270 miles. The barometer had risen much in Luzon since the previous day while it had fallen on the S coast of China and in Hainan. At Hongkong the wind rose to a strength of a strong gale from ENE at 9 p. accompanied by rainsqualls while at Hoihow the wind had increased to a strong breeze from NW at the same hour. At sea very bad weather prevailed over a large area. The S.S. Sungkiang was not far from the centre at noon. In the course of the morning the centre had passed very close to the vessel. The barometer fell to its lowest point (29.09) at 5 a. and the wind which had been a fresh NNE gale at 2 a. decreased and became light and variable at the former hour. The sea decreased with the wind, the rain ceased and the sky partially cleared. At 8 a., the barometer having risen to 29.17, the wind increased to a strong breeze from S and rain set in again, but it was not until 4 p. that the strongest winds were experienced. At this hour the barometer had risen to 29.42 and they had storm force from S with rainsqualls and a mountainous sea. A sea anchor was put overboard at this time but the weather moderated in the course of the evening. The observations made on board this vessel show clearly that the gradients were steepest and the wind strongest at a long distance from the centre and also that the gradients were steeper and the winds stronger in rear than in front of the centre. The bark W. le Lacheur was at noon at a distance of 160 miles to the S by W of the centre. During the early morning they had experienced a whole gale from W by N and she lost some small sails in a heavy squall. The remainder were furled and the ship was kept before the wind under bare poles. The wind was backing steadily towards SW and the heavy turbulent sea which was running caused considerable damage aft. The steering gear was carried away at 2 p., but it was repaired and used again with the aid of relieving tackles. In the course of the evening the weather moderated. The bark Kitty, hove to on the starboard tack, was at a distance of about 130 miles to the NE of the centre at noon. Typhoon force of wind from NE and ENE was experienced during the morning and at 7 a. the fore and main rigging carried away. The lowest recorded reading of the barometer, 29.29, was made at 4 a. In the afternoon the wind veered to ESE with rising barometer, the weather moderating late the same evening. The S.S. C. H. Kian at a distance of about 160 miles to the W by S of the centre at noon had the barometer falling and the wind increasing from the WNW accompanied by continuous heavy rain. The vessel wisely stood back to the southward and had the barometer rising and the wind backing to WSW, but the force increased to 10 and 11 accompanied by torrential rain and a heavy cross sea. The S.S. Japan left the harbour of Hongkong about an hour after the warning gun was fired, her destination being Singapore. During the evening the barometer was falling and they encountered a whole gale from NE with a high sea. They stood to the E and SE, but the weather did not improve and the barometer continued to fall.

On the 19th at noon the centre was situated in 20° 00,' 112° 00,' i.e., at a distance of 180 miles to the SW of Hongkong and 90 miles to the E of Hoihow. At the former station the barometric minimum occurred near 4 a. when the reading was 29.45. The wind was at this time from ENE and blowing with the force of a strong to whole gale. The highest hourly wind velocity recorded by the anemograph was 67 miles at 10 a. the direction being E by S. After this hour the wind continued to veer with the force gradually decreasing. At midnight a moderate gale was blowing from SE and the barometer had risen to 29.73. Rainsqualls prevailed throughout the day, the fall amounting to 3.10 inches for the 24 hours. The centre passed a few miles to the NE and N of Hoihow and entered the Lei Chau peninsula during the evening. At the Hoihow Custom House the barometer attained its minimum, 28.99, at 5 p. The wind increased to

The wind increased to a whole gale from NNW during the morning of this day backing to NW and blowing with storm force in the afternoon accompanied by violent rain squalls. In the course of the evening the wind backed to W and decreased to force 6 at 10 p. when the barometer had risen to 29.19. The S.S. Alwine which was lying in this port recorded the wind as SSW of force 5 at 10 p. and as S of force 11 at midnight. The centre was advancing towards Pakhoi during the evening and the wind there had increased to a strong gale from NNW at 9 p. and the barometer was falling quickly. At sea the S.S. Japan was to ENE of, and distant about 150 miles arom, the centre at noon, The barometric minimum, 29.23, was observed at 4 a. and after this hour

371

the wind gradually veered towards SE blowing with the force of a strong gale accompanied by hard rainsqualls and a very high sea. Late the same evening the weather improved, the wind veering to S and decreasing. The S.S. Choufa experienced a heavy W backing gale at a distance of 160 miles to the SW by S of the centre. The I. M. C. C. Likin situated a few miles to the west of Hoihow experienced winds of storm and typhoon force from NW during the afternoon, the direction backing to SW the same evening. The S.S. Frejr put into Guie Chau harbour (21° 01′ 109° 06′) near Pakhoi for shelter at 7 p. and experienced storm force of wind from NNW until 2 a. on the 20th when with the barometer at its minimun, 29.22, the wind abated and the weather improved. The baro- meter did not rise until after 4 a., but the wind had backed to SW of force 5 at 6 à. The centre thus passed to the north of the vessel at about 3 a. at which hour it was, in fact, passing over or very near Pakhoi. At this station the lowest reading of the barometer, 29.05, was registered at 2.45 a. and at the same time the wind which had been a strong gale from NNW died away to a calm which lasted until 3.15 a. when a light breeze sprang up from SW to S and the barometer commenced to rise. 6 a. the reading was 29.32 but the wind was not recorded. The disturbance had apparently filled a little while crossing the Lei Chau Promontory.

At noon on the 20th the centre was probably situated on 22°, 107°, i.e., at a distance of about 100 miles to NNE of Haiphong where the barometer had fallen and a strong W breeze prevailed on the afternoon of this day.

This typhoon traversed the China Sea with a mean direction of W 31° N or, roughly speaking, its course was to NW by W. The average hourly rate at which it moved, increased from rather less than 9 miles per hour between the 17th and 18th to 12 miles per hour between the 18th and 20th. The depression appears to have deepened during its passage across the China Sea, but the change was probably not considerable. On an average winds of the strength of a whole gale or force 10 blew at

a distance of 150 miles from the centre in all azimuths while the disturbance was in the China Sea.

September 22nd, 11.15 a. "The barometer is falling again at Bolinao and in S. China and there are some indications of a distant depression to the Eastward in the Pacific. In Hongkong, light variable winds and fair weather."

September 23rd, 11.14 a. "The depression indicated yesterday morning appears to be situated to the E of the Balingtang Channel at present"

September 23rd, 11.25 a. "In Hongkong, barometer falling with light N winds and fair to showery weather."

September 24th, 11.15 a. Red Drum hoisted.

"The depression appears to have moved west- ward since yesterday and to be now situated to the W of N Luzon. In Hongkong, barometer falling with light N and NE winds and fair weather."

September 24th, 6.10 p. Red South Cone hoisted.

September 24th, 10.20 p. September 24th, 11.10 p.

Two lanterns hoisted vertically.

Gun fired one round.

"Typhoon SSE of Hongkong appears to have altered its course and to be now moving in a northwesterly direction. Strong northeast to southeast gale expected in Hongkong."

September 25th. Black South Cone hoisted before daylight.

September 25th, 6 a. "The barometer is falling rapidly and it is probable that the centre of the typhoon will enter the coast at no great distance to the West of the Colony. Typhoon force of wind will probably be experienced from E to SE." Gun fired two rounds.

September 25th, 11.50 a. Black Ball hoisted.

September 26th, 10.15 a. Black Ball taken down.

September 26th, 11.20 a. "Barometer rising. Fresh SE winds, squally. Weather fair to showery." The following noon observations refer to the typhoon indicated by the foregoing information :----

September 22nd.

COAST STATIONS.

Amoy,

Fisher Island, Breaker Point,

Canton, Hongkong, Macao, Gap Rock,

Pakhoi, Hoihow,

South Cape, Bolinao, Manila,

September 23rd.

September 24th.

29.79 NE 1 C.

.82

.75 NNE 6 .81 NE 2 C.

S .82 E

29.74 NNE 1 b.

.71 NNE 6 cm. .77 ENE 2

.77 ENE 1

77 WNW 1

.83

.78 SE 2. c. .83 SE 3 b.

.78 E 1 .77 SSE 1

76 NNE 4

.76 WNW 2

.76 W 2

.82 NNE 1 b. .73 SE .73 SW 74 SW 2

خن:: هدف

4 omp.

1 ი.

.73 NNE 1 .74 SSW 1 C. .78 N 3 0. .77 E 3 C. .76 SE 2 or. .82 var. 1 C.

29.75 NNE 1 b.

.76 NE 2 bm. .78 NE 4 C. 75 NNE 1 C. .74 N 1

September 25th.

99.84

SE 2 C. .85 E 1 C. .80

SE 4 omr. .61 ENE 8 or. .51 SEȚE 10 org. .29 E/S 7 orq. .332 SE 11 .67 N/W 3 C. .69 W 6 or. .88 E 2 .82 S 1 C. .84 SW

...

33 3

372

VESSELS.

September 22nd.

C. Bk. Amy Turner, ...20° 12′ 133° 28′ 29.80 19 01 115 53 .80

S 4 C. NE 3 b.

Bk. F. Skolfield, ....26° 34′ 120° 26' 29.83 NE

Kitty,

.21 51 119 27

.75

var.

S.S. Chisan,

September 23rd.

Bk. Kitty,

Japan,

.21° 57′ 120° 22′ 29.68 .21 16 114 55 Amy Turner, ...20 07 132 05

NNE

.82

Bkt. Bittern, . S.S. Lightning,

Progress,

17° 051115° 07′ 16 40 11 27 29.82 .15 49 119 11 .73

NW/N 3 NE 2 WS 5 c.

...

September 24th.

S.S. Taiyick,

.22° 30' 115° 35′ 20.74

Bk. Kitty,

S.S. Frejr, Bk. Japan,

S.S. Lightning,

22 16 120 29 22 01 113 46 .20 88 115 37 .20 10 113 46

N 4 .82 ENE 1 .71 N 5 .45 ENE 10 orą. .78 NNW 4 r.

pq.

S.S. Machew, Bkt. Bittern,. S.S. Progress,

China,.......

Sh. Sintram,

September 25th.

19° 43′ 112° 32′ 29.73 .18 45 113 01 .18 29 117 22 ..16 00 110 15 14 25 114 31

NW .70 W/S 6 .59 SW/W 9

op. od.

.80 N 1 C.

.80

2 C.

S.S. Pakshan,

29° 16′ 114° 58′ 20.06

Bk. Japan,

.21 24 115 38

S.S. Machew,

.21 20 118 27

.13

Progress..

.20 47 115 36

SSE 7 rq. SSE 6 S/W 11 orq. .71 SSE 8 0.

» Lightning, ...20 31 114 08

.62

SW 10 rq.

S.S. Ethiope, Bkt. Bittern..... S.S. Darmstadt,.. ,, China,......

Pakling,

.19° 40′ 112° 23′ 29.70

.19 37 115 27 .19 10 112 15 19 02 111 48 18 53 113 59

...

NW .70 S 4 .64 SW 2 or. WSW 3 rq. .79 SW 2 rq.

.75

Between the 21st and 22nd of September a decrease of pressure amounting to about 0.07 inch took place in S Formosa and Luzon. Light breezes from W prevailed at Manila and Bolinao and at South Cape a moderate breeze from NNE. These observations together with those made on board the bark Amy Turner, which was situated far to the Eastward in the Pacific, faintly indicate the existence of a depression (XV) to the E of N. Luzon. It may have been central in about 18, 125°, but this is very uncertain.

On the 23rd a further very slight decrease of pressure amounting to 0.02 or 0.03 inch had occurred at Bolinao, Manila and South Cape (Formosa). The baroineter had also fallen to the extent of about 0,05 inch on the S and SE coast of China. At South Cape the wind, which was of the strength of a moderate or fresh breeze only, veered from N at 3 a. to SE at noon, but it backed again at 3 p. to NE and blew from this and an ENE direction for the remainder of the day. The weather was showery. At Bolinao and Manila light airs and breezes prevailed backing from WSW in the morning to SW in the afternoon. The sky was clouded at both stations. The observations are insufficient to give the position of the centre on this day with accuracy, but as an approximation it may be placed in 19°, 121° at noon. There was no well defined barometric minimum either at South Cape or Bolinao on this day and when it is considered that winds of no more than force 5 prevailed at the former and of force 2 at the latter, although the centre was passing between the two stations at a distance of about 175 miles only, it is evident that the disturbance was either one of slight intensity or that the area comprised by a low barometer and violent winds was a small one at this time.

On the 24th at noon the centre was situated in 19° 45,'′ 116° 45'. Assuming the position given for noon of the 23rd to be correct, the disturbance had thus moved towards W, about half a point northerly, at the rate of 10 miles per hour during the interval. At Hongkong the Red Drum was hoisted at 11 a. on the former date as the centre of the depression was believed to be at a distance of just beyond 300 miles to the SE of the Colony, whereas we now see that it was situated to the SE and distant 220 miles only at this hour. The weather forecast was, therefore, made on the assump- tion that the disturbance was, firstly, one of no great intensity-and, in fact, it was hardly discernible from the observations telegraphed at the time from the stations-and secondly, that it was moving westward and therefore likely to pass at a distance of about 250 miles to the S of the Colony the next morning.

Fisher Island, South Cape and Breaker Point are not telegraphic reporting stations and the Hoihow observations were, as usual, not received. On an examination of the noon observation made at the coast stations on this day, those made at the above stations being also now given, it may be seen how little evidence is furnished of a depression of the intensity of the one which in reality existed. From the sea observations it is found that the disturbance, although small, was a violent one and also that the course which it had taken during the 24 hours ending at noon on the 24th, viz., to west, was changed to NW by W during the evening. For these reasons, as will presently be seen, the weather forecast issued on the morning of the 24th failed, and the failure arose, firstly, from the fact that the depression, as indicated by the observations, was not considered to be of great intensity, and secondly, from the alteration of course which occurred during the latter part of the day.

The changes which had taken place at the coast stations since the previous day were a slight increase of pressure at South Cape and Bolinao and a slight decrease at Hongkong. Winds were light at the two former stations, the weather being showery at Bolinao. At Hongkong, the decrease of pressure amounted to 0.03 inch only during the preceding 24 hours, and at noon the barometer read-

373

ing was but 0.08 inch below the normal of the month. It was not until after 6 p. (29.68) that a steady but moderate fall commenced, but after 10 p. (29.70) the fall became a rapid one and at mid- night the reading was 29.63. Calms and light airs from various directions prevailed during the morning, but after noon the direction became northerly of force 2. A slight thundershower occurred at 3 p. with the wind at E, a moderate breeze, but later it fell light again from a N to NE direction. At 8 p., the centre being then distant 130 miles only to the SE of the Colony, the wind increased to a moderate breeze from NE by N which continued until 10 p. At the latter hour lanterns, indicating bad weather, were hoisted, and at 11 p. the wind had increased to force 7 and the gun was then fired, and notice given of the approaching gale. Lightning was seen in the west at this hour and the sky which had been partially clouded only during the day was now overcast. At Breaker Point, the barometer was practically steady the whole day, but the wind increased to a strong breeze from NE during the evening and the weather became showery.

This typhoon was in marked contrast to the preceding one in respect of the area affected. On September 18th, while the previous typhoon was in the northern part of the China Sea, the isobar of 29.70 was situated at a distance of about 500 miles and fresh gales prevailed at a distance of about 250 miles from the centre in the northern semicircle while in the disturbance now under consideration, although the depression at the centre was probably greater by about 0.25 inch, the isobar of 29.70 was situated at a distance of about 150 miles only and no more than moderate breezes prevailed at a distance of between 150 and 200 miles from the centre. Small typhoons of the latter class are, there- fore, especially dangerous as they give so short notice of their approach as indicated either by demens- ing pressure or by increasing wind force.

At sea on the 24th the bark Japan encountered the centre at 8 p. The first observation of the barometer they entered in the log book was inade at noon and, at that time, the vessel being situated at a distance of about 80 miles to the NW of the centre they had a whole gale from ENE with rain- squalls and a high cross sea. The wind backed to NE and blew with typhoon force at 4 p. (29.05) and at 8 p. they had the barometric minimum, 28.55, and the wind fell calm for about half an hour, the sky remaining dark and rain continuing to fall. The wind came again from SE, of force 12, with rising barometer. No further information is given as to the wind, but the barometer reading 28.75 is given for 9 p. and 29.35 for 10 p. which gives the enormous gradient of about 0.9 inch in 15 miles if these observations are correct. The vessel sustained considerable damage aloft, her starboard bulwarks were stove in and the vessel sprang a leak, but next day she was able to proceed back to Hongkong. The S.S. Progress was steering for Hongkong and experienced a whole gale from SW during the morning backing to S and SSE and decreasing towards the evening. At 8 p. the baro- meter had risen to 29.69 with the wind a fresh gale from SSE. At noon this vessel was to the SSE of the centre at a distance of about 80 miles. The S.S. Lightning was at a distance of 170 miles to W by N of the centre at noon and steering for Hongkong. At 8 p. the wind increased to a strong breeze from NNW accompanied by high sea and swell, but the barometer which read 29.73 showed little or no fall since noon. At midnight, the barometer having begun to fall quickly, the vessel was very properly turned round and they stood to the SSE. The S.S. Machew also steering for Hong- kong had the wind increasing suddenly from the N during the evening.

At noon on the 25th the centre was situated in 21° 40,' 113° 10,' and it must have entered the coast near St. John's Island ́about two hours later. The disturbance had maintained its speed of about 10 miles per hour between this and the preceding day, but its course had been changed to NW by W. It passed about 60 miles to the SSW of Hongkong at 9 a. at which hour the barometer, which had fallen rapidly during the early morning, registered the minimum, 29.42. The wind had increased to a strong gale at 4 a. from NE by E and at 6 a., when the gun was fired two rounds indicating that typhoon force of wind might be expected, a whole gale from ENE was blowing, the record of the anemograph showing a velocity at the rate of 67 miles per hour. At 8 a. typhoon force was expe- rienced from ENE which continued until after 10 a. the direction having in the meantime veered to E by S. The highest hourly velocity registered by the anemograph was 86 miles for 9 a. noon the wind rapidly decreased in force and at 3 p. a moderate gale only from SE was blowing and this continued until midnight when the barometer had risen to 29.75. Heavy rain fell in the squalls throughout the day, the total precipitation for the 24 hours being 5.78 inches. At Gap Rock the barometric minimum, 29.10, was at 10 a. with typhoon force of wind from ESE. At Macao, the baro- meter fell to 29.24 at 11 a. the strongest wind, a fresh gale from E, being recorded at this time.

p. the barometer had risen to 29.63 and the wind had decreased to a gentle breeze from S. At Hoihow, a strong W breeze prevailed during midday, but it decreased in the evening. The weather was rainy accompanied by thunder and lightning.

After

The S.S. Machew had the centre passing just to the north of her position at 10.30 a. At mid- night of the 24th their barometer read 29.67, but it then fell with great rapidity to 29.44 at 4 a. on the 25th, the wind at the same time increasing to a strong or whole gale from NE and N. At 8 a. the barometer read 29.15 and the wind had backed to NNW of force 11 to 12. At 10 a. it was from NW by W and half an hour later the barometric minimum (28.58) was registered. At 11 a. the wind had backed to SW by W and the barometer commenced rising. At 4 p. the wind was from S of force 10, decreasing, and the barometer had risen to 29.46. The S.S. Hailoong, on the righthand

374

semicircle, and approaching Hongkong from the eastward, experienced typhoon force of wind from ENE for a short time near 8 a. and the S.S. Lightning, in the lefthand semicircle, had the lowest barometer reading (29.34) at 6 a. with typhoon force from W at 8 a. Several vessels at a distance of about 150 miles to the SSW of the centre had only light and moderate breezes from W and SW, but behind the centre moderate to fresh gales prevailed at a distance of about 150 miles.

On the 26th the Pakhoi observations showed some slight traces of the recent typhoon which had apparently continued to move towards NW by W on the mainland.

September 27th, 10.23 a. "A typhoon is at present situated to the Southeast of Bolinao." September 27th, 11.8 a. "In Hongkong, moderate to strong NE winds with fair to showery weather during the next 24 hours."

September 28th, 10 a. Red South Cone hoisted.

September 28th, 10.25 a. "The typhoon has entered the China Sea this morning to the South of Bolinao. At present it appears to be moving towards West-North-West."

September 28th, 11.12 a. "In Hongkong, barometer falling with showery weather and strong NE winds probably increasing within the next 24 hours."

September 29th, 6.45 a.

Black South Cone hoisted.

September 29th, 10.45 a. Gun fired one round.

September 29th, 10.50 a. "The typhoon, now about 250 miles South-South-East of Hongkong, appears to be moving on a course between West-North-West and North-West. A strong gale from North-East to South-East is expected in Hongkong during the next 24 hours.”

September 29th, 6.15 p.

September 30th, 10.40 a.

Two lanterns hoisted vertically.

Black Ball hoisted.

September 30th, 11.10 a. "The typhoon, now almost SW of Hongkong, appears to be moving towards the coast to the North of Hainan Straits. The barometer has commenced rising here and the gale may be expected to begin to gradually decrease in the course of an hour or two."

October 1st, 11.20 a. "The typhoon appears to have moved into the N part of the Gulf of Tongking. In Hongkong, barometer rising with strong SE winds and very squally and showery weather."

October 1st, 4 p. Black Ball taken down.

The following are the noon observations referring to the typhoon indicated by the preceding information :-

COAST STATIONS.

September 27th. September 28th. September 29th. September 30th.

October 1st.

Amoy,

29.90 NE 2 0.

Hongkong,

Pakhoi,

Haiphong,

Hoihow,.

South Cape,

Bolinao,

Manila,

Cape St. James,

.91 E 3 c. .82 var. 4 c. .87 S .89 SE 2 c. .85 NE 5 c. .67 N 1 od. .65 NW 2 orq.

sw 3 c.

cr.

29.85 NNE 2 o. .84 E 2 0. .80 var. 3 c. .86 ENE 1 o. .86 ENE 2 b. .79 ENE 6 mr. .41

SE 7 oq. .62 sse 2 orq.

W 5 cq.

29.79 NNE 2 0.

.72 NE 4 orq. .74 N 5 c. .76 Nw 1 c. .70 N 3 0. .82 NE 4 om. .70 SE/S 3 0. .80 S/E 3 0. sw 6 c.

10.

9 0q. 6 od.

20.

2 op.

29.79 NE

.65 ESE .59 N .71 NW 5 g. 28 wNw 11 orq. .87 NE 3 mr. .87 SSE .92 sw

.69 NW 5 or. .77 S 3 0. .93 E 1 c. .86 Nw 4 or. .88 sw 2 c.

sw 7 oq.

29.91 NE 2 b.

.81 SE 5 or.

.61 w 2 od.

VESSELS.

September 27th.

S.S. Malacca,......

Sh. Sintram,

17° 57′ 114° 02′ 29.88

ENE 3

N 5 C.

نن

Sh. Sintram,.....16 14 118 41

September 28th.

Sh. Sintram,....

18 19

Bk. Amy Turner, ...21° 24′ 121° 48′ 29.85 NE S.S. Yuensang,

119 00 .73 NNE

Bk. Amy Turner, ...29° 04′ 119° 32′ 29.81 S.S. Chingtu,

Yuensang, Donar,

...21 37 114 40 .80 NE 21 03 118 46 72 NE .19 06 112 07 .82 NE

0. S.S. Chelydra,

.16° 26' 117° 24′ 29.51 .14 35 112 38

8 rq. 6 C.

Glenavon, ......11 37 111 04 9 00 107 12 ,, Ethiope,

N 9 rq. .84 N 3 .79 WNW 5 .65 W 4

...

September 29th.

Bk. Amy Turner, ...22° 45′ 118° 57′ 29.80 ENE 4

S.S. Chingtu,

.21 33 115 10 .67 NE/E 10 ..91 02 113 36 .65 N/E 10

Framnes,

Taicheong,.....16 10 110 29 Donar,...... .16 09 110 04

.65 WNW 7 .72 NW

oq.

Sh. Sintram,

(9)? ol.

7 09.

∙17° 02′ 117° 38′ 29.49

S.S. Glenavon, ......15 10 112 46

S .60 W

8 09. Palamed, ......14 09 112 46 .67 W/N 6 0. Ravenna,

.84 ..............13 24 109 48

4 C. Chelydra, ...10 58 110 43 .86 WSW 4 C.

375

S.S. Chingtu, I.M.C.C. Likin, S.S. Framnes,

Bellona, ......

off Hoihow.

September 30th.

W 3 .69 SSW 8

I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18° 12′ 109° 33′ 29.66 S.S. Glenavon, .15 40 114 23 Mathilde, .14 17 109 15 Ingraban, ......11 07 109 49

.21° 45′ 116° 12′ 29.78 SE/E 6 oq.

.39 NW/N 11 orq. .37 SW 9 .45 SW

9 rq.

October 1st.

19 30 112 25 .18 41 112 22

C.M

.75 SW 5 .84 WSW 6 crq.

S.S. Framnes,.....20° 50′ 113° 43′ 29.85 S 5 p. I.M.C.C. Kaipan, ...18° 12′ 109° 33′ 29.82 W 2 r.

A rapid decrease of pressure took place at Bolinao and Manila between the 26th and 27th September accompanied by increasing N and NW winds, and it appears that Typhoon XVI was approaching the È Luzon coast from the ESE on the morning of the latter day. At Bolinao the wind increased from N during the evening and blew very hard from NW veering to NE during the early part of the night but decreasing towards the early morning. At 6 a. on the 28th the barometer had fallen to the minimum, 29.35, and shortly afterwards the wind veered to SE but remained light until 10 a. at which hour it had increased to a moderate gale. The centre thus passed a little to the South of Bolinao near 6 a. and at noon it was situated in 16° 00', 119° 00'. To the WNW of this position at a distance of about 100 miles the sailing vessel Sintram experienced a strong N gale. The weather had been dry and sultry during the morning but rain commenced falling about noon. At midnight the barometer had fallen to 29.38 and the wind had decreased and was then light and variable. The lowest recorded reading of the barometer, 29.30, was made at 4 a. on the 29th with the wind at S moderate but freshening and increasing to a gale later on. They used oil to smooth the heavy cross sea which prevailed with good effect. The centre evidently passed near or over the vessel between midnight of the 28th and 4 a. of the 29th, and it appears to have been of considerable At noon on the latter date it was probably situated in 17° 45', 115° 45'. Its average speed since noon of the previous day had been at the rate of nearly 9 miles per hour. The Sintram was the only vessel that was moderately near to this position but on reference to the marine data it is seen that very bad weather prevailed over a large area. The steamships Framnes and Chingtu had whole gales from NNE and NE in the N quadrant at a distance of 230 miles from the centre, and in the SW quadrant moderate to fresh NW to W gales prevailed at a distance of between 250 and 300 miles.

Pressure had decreased considerably at Hoihow and Hongkong with increasing winds from N at the former and from NNE at the latter station. At Hongkong the warning gun was fired at about 11 a. and notice given of the approaching gale. The centre was situated at a distance of 280 miles to the SSE of the Colony at noon and it was at that time moving towards NW by W. The wind increased to a moderate gale from NE by N at 8 p. and to a whole gale from NE by E at midnight, the barometer at the latter hour having fallen to 29.62.

area.

At noon on the 30th the centre was situated in 20° 30′, 111° 30,' i. e., at a distance of 180 miles to the SW by W of Hongkong and 70 miles to the ENE of Hoihow. Its average rate of progression had increased and it had moved at the rate of about ten and a half miles per hour since noon of the 29th. At Hongkong the barometric minimum, 29.57, occurred near 6 a. with the wind a whole gale from E, gradually veering towards SE. The sky remained overcast but after noon the rain ceased. The wind decreased slowly in force and at midnight, the barometer having risen to 29.79, a moderate SE gale was still blowing. At Hoihow the barometer attained its lowest point, 29.25, at 2 p. and storm force of wind from WNW prevailed between noon and 5 p. The force decreased slowly and the direction did not back to W until late the same night. At 9 p. the barometer had risen to 29.39. The course of the disturbance was evidently inclining more and more towards the North during this day. At Pakhoi increasing N. winds were experienced during the day time with falling barometer. At 11 p., the lowest reading of the barometer, 29.32, was recorded and the wind had backed to NW by N blowing with the force of a strong gale. Later the wind decreased but with what change, if any, of direction is not stated. The disturbance must have entered the coast and passed probably at a distance of 50 miles to the E of Pakhoi during the evening and it was perhaps moving towards NW by N or NNW at this time. Next day, October 1st, there are still some traces of the disturbance to the North of this station.

At sea, on the morning of the 30th, the steamships Frammes and Bellona both passed from the right to the left front of the disturbance, crossing the path just in front of the centre at 4 a. when the barometric minimum, 29.20, on board the former and, 29.16, on board the latter, was registered. Winds of storm force from N backing to NW and W were experienced during the morning. At 3 a. next day the Bellona went ashore on North Reef (Paracels) and became a total wreck, the loss of the vessel being attributed to a strong current which had set her to the Southward.

October 2nd, 10.30 a. October 2nd, 11.10 a.

weather."

October 2nd, 4.45 ̊p. October 3rd, 10.00 a. October 3rd, 10.30 a.

"There are some indications of another depression to the E of Luzon." "In Hongkong, barometer falling with moderate E winds and showery

"Typhoon appears to be approaching the Luzon coast to the E of Bolinao."

Red South Cone hoisted.

((

The centre of the typhoon passed into the China Sea near Bolinao this morning. At present it appears to be moving towards WNW."

376

"In Hongkong, barometer falling with fresh NE winds probably increasing Fair weather at first, but becoming unsettled later.”

Black South Cone hoisted.

October 3rd, 11.15 a. within the next 24 hours.

October 4th, 5.45 a.

October 4th, 10.30 a.

"Centre of typhoon about 250 miles to the South- south-east of Hongkong apparently moving towards West-north-west. Strong North-east to South-east gale expected in Hongkong."

October 4th, 6.15 p. October 5th, 8.30 a. October 5th, 11.8 a. Macao and Hoihow."

October 5th, 12.15 p.

October 6th, 11.00 a.

interior of China."

weather.

Gun fired one round.

Two lanterns hoisted vertically.

Gun fired two rounds. "Typhoon force of wind probable from E to SE." Centre of typhoon South-west of Hongkong approaching the coast between

Black Ball hoisted.

Black North Cone hoisted. "The typhoon is moving northward in the In Hongkong, barometer rising with strong SW winds, decreasing, and wet

October 7th, 8.00 a. Black North Cone taken down.

The following noon observations refer to the typhoon indicated in the foregoing information :-

COAST STATIONS.

October 2nd.

October 3rd.

October 4th.

October 5th.

October 6th.

Amoy, Breaker Point,

29.90

Canton,

Hongkong,

Paklioi,

Hoihow,

South Cape,

Bolinao,..

Manila,

NE 2 c. .90 NE 3 od. .88 SE 1 c. .88 E 3 0. .80 SSE 1 o. .85 SE 3 0. .87 NE 3 c. .77 NW/N 3 c. .75 NW 2 0.

...

29.82 NNE 2 c. .83 N 2 C. .86

◊ c. .85 E 2 b. .80 SE 1 C. .80 NE 2 b. .81 ENE 5 c. .49 S 4 0. .76 S/W 4 09.

29.85 SE 2 c. 78 NE 5 c. .78 E 1 c. .72 NE 7 0. 75 NW 2 c. .75 W 4 c. .87 NE 1 c. .84 SSE 2 o. .88 SW 2 c.

29.85 E

.78 ESE .66 ENE .41 SEE 11 orq. .74 NNW 5 b. .73 W 4 b. .89 SW 1 c. .87 S 2 b. .90 WSW 2 c.

1 r. 4 c. 6 оpq.

29.84 NE 2 r.

.74 S 5 od. .69 NW 1 0. .71 SW 4 or.

.78 NNW 5 c.

.80 W 3 c.

.86 SSE 3 c.

.85 SW 1 c. .86 SW 1 c.

VESSELS.

October 2nd.

Sh. Sintram,

.19° 23′ 120° 01′ 29.84

S.S. Singkiang, ......16 02 119 03 .80 NW N

4 pq.

S.S. Chingtu, ......... 15° 04' C. Sh. Tam O'Shanter, 9 45

October 3rd.

119° 43′ 29.81 NNW 4 135 45 .93 SSW

Rheingold,

Sh. Sintram, .20° 21′ 119° 58′ 29.76 ENE 8 S.S. Sungkiang,......19 10 117 00 .62 NNE 6 ....18 46 116 40 .53? NNE 8

S.S. Siam, .................17° 44′ 113° 21′ 29.83 NNE

Glamorganshire, 15 08 112 39

NW Chingtu,.... 11 05 121 56 .84 SW

2 C.

6 orq.

S.S. Cassius,

.21° 50′ 114° 02′ .21 35 114 13 .20 27 111 15

29.80? NE/E 10 .62 NEE 8 .64 N/W 6 NE 10

orq.

October 4th.

S.S. Rheingold, ......19° 56′ 115° 51′ 29.38

Glamorganshire, 19 10

113 40

وو

Sungkiang,

Frejr,

...

Siam,

.20 22 113 44

.56

orq.

Sh. Sintram,

..20 49 119 49

.89

SE 2

Sishan, Kutsang,. Taichiow,

.17 26 111 24 .15 45 113 20 ....10 26 108 13

SE W/N 10

12 orq.

.76 WSW 4

.79 WSW 4 0. .86 SW

4.q.

S.S. Wuotan,

Sh. Barcore,

.21° 57′ 114° 54′

.21 25 113 45

October 5th.

SE 10 rq. S.S. Siam,

.19° 43′ 114° 20′ 29.66 SSW

8 orq

S.S. Frejr,

.21 18 112 41 29.39

Mathilde,...................20 27 111 16 Rheingold, ......20 28 114 48 Kutsang,

...20 00 113 40

SE 12 orq. W/S 11 org. .69 W 5 .54 SSE 10 .72 SSW

Strathdee, Rosetta.

19 05 111 50

.69 SW 6.

.17 43 113 46

.83 SSW

Propontis, ......15 58 110 36

.84 S

3 c.

opq.

6 orq.

Ulysses,

13 05 111 53

.89 SW

October 6th.

S.S. Haitan,

,, Siam,

.22° 33′ 114° 57′ 29.67 SW/S

or. S.S. Shantung, .21 39 113 26 .70 SW 5 1.

Strathdee,

2016

..21° 06′ 113° 44′ 29.73 ..20 10 110 40 .76

W 4 C.

On the 1st October pressure commenced to give way again in Luzon and on the 2nd typhoon XVII was evidently approaching the island, in about 15° latitude, from the ESE. At Bolinao they had a strong NW breeze at 6 p. with the barometer falling fast. During the night a furious gale from NW accompanied by rain prevailed at this station and at 6 a. on the 3rd the barometer had fallen to 29.16 with a gale from NE. At 8 a. the mercury rose to 29.25 and the wind veered to SE of force 6 and at 10 a. to S. of force 7 with the barometer reading 29.45 at the latter hour. The centre there- fore appears to have passed almost over or at a very short distance to the South of the telegraph

377

station at 7 a. and to have then entered the China Sea. At noon it was situated in 16° 45′, 118° 45.' There was no vessel near this position, but the S.S. Rheingold had an increasing NNE gale at noon at a distance of about 175 miles to the NW of the centre.

The barometer was falling on the S and SE coasts of China, but at present the weather was fine and the winds light.

On the 4th at noon the centre was situated in 19° 30′, 115° 00' and the disturbance had thus moved towards NW about half a point westerly at the rate of rather over 11 miles per hour, so that when the gun was fired at longkong and notice given of the approaching gale the centre was situated at a distance of 190 miles to the SSE of the Colony.

Pressure had increased in Luzon and in Formosa, but had decreased at Hoihow and Hongkong particularly at the latter station where it continued to fall at the rate of about 0.01 inch per hour during the latter part of the day with the wind gradually increasing. At midnight a strong gale from E was blowing accompanied by rain and the barometer had fallen to 29.63.

At sea the S.S. Rheingold about 50 miles to ENE of the centre had typhoon force of wind from SE decreasing during the evening. The S.S. Siam had a whole NNE gale at a distance of 90 miles to the NW or in front of the centre. They ran to the SW and had the wind of storm and typhoon force, backing to NNW at 4 p. with the barometer at its lowest point, 29.39. Later the barometer rose and the wind gradually backed to W decreasing slowly. They noted lightning in the W during the evening. To the WSW of the centre at a distance of about 80 miles the S.S. Glamorganshire had a whole WNW gale backing to W. A heavy cross sea prevailed and her decks were constantly filled with water, but during the evening they made use of oil on both sides of the vessel which had a good effect in smoothing the sea.

At noon on the 5th the centre was situated in 21° 45,' 113° 35′ or about 20 miles to the west of Gap Rock, and between 2 p. and 5 p. it was passing over or perhaps a little to the east of Macao at the slow rate of about 6 miles per hour only. At 9 p. it was situated between Hongkong and Canton at a distance of 30 miles to the NW of the former and 40 miles to the SE of the latter. Since early morning its course had been more and inore towards a northerly direction and during the evening it had gained a NNE course. It was thus recurving on this day to the west of Hongkong, and as a consequence of the recurvature and the fact that the disturbance moved slowly during this act, the Colony, being in the righthand semicircle, experienced a strong gale, veering from NE to SW, for no less than 30 hours, viz., from 9 p. on the 4th until 2 a. on the 6th, the wind rising to typhoon force for a few hours on the 5th. The barometric minimum (29.20) occurred about 5 p. on the latter day with the wind, from SE by S, of full typhoon force. Unfortunately the velocity apparatus of the Observatory anemograph was broken by the wind, probably at 4.30 p., and the exact record of velocity was therefore lost but from estimations the wind was considered to be at its worst between 4.30 p. and 6 p., the squalls during this time being very severe. It is, however, doubtful whether the maximum hourly velocity as yet registered by the instrument, viz., 89 miles per hour, during the typhoon of September 10th to 11th, 1884, was exceeded although some few of the squalls on the present occasion were undoubtedly of very great violence. Some damage to property resulted, several houses being unroofed and a few partially demolished, but it does not appear that any very consider- able damage to structures of a substantial character took place. The telegraphic lines suffered severely and many fine trees were uprooted, but for the latter the heavy rain (10.19 inches in the 24 hours) which fell in torrents the whole day was, perhaps, to some extent, responsible. Several launches and junks which had sheltered in Yaumati Bay during the morning, the wind being then from E and SE, drove ashore during the evening when the wind got round to SW, but otherwise no damage occurred in the harbour although two or three sailing vessels dragged anchors.

The following are some of the most important observations made at Hongkong and the neighbouring stations on October 5th :-

Hour.

Hongkong,

Macao.

Gap Rock.

Canton.

4 a.

29.56

10 org.

.53 E'S 11

.52 ESE 12

29.53 ENE

.48 EN

5 оpq. 6 orq.

29.38

ENE

.22 E

.43

10,

.46 ESE 11

.41 SEE 11

.33 SEE 12

.49 ES

.38

.05 ENE

.30

.17

.06

Noon.

1 p.

ེ་ ོ སྶ

.31 SE

28.92

5 od.

.25

.27 SE/S 11 SSE

.96 ENE

.20 SE S

SSE

.96 NNW .97 WNW 29.00

1 0.

.14 SSW

.25 S/E 10

.09

35 SW 9

.36

.42 SSW 9

.44 WSW

Midt.

.50 SSW 10

.52

10 10 2766

5 odq.

5 org.

.37 SSW

.46

.46 SW

10 00 -

.01

2F :2: 2 ⠀ ⠀2 ⠀⠀⠀⠀

29.68

NE 7 org.

...

.64

6оpq.

...

NNE 10 or.

...

378

The sailing vessel Barcore was situated at noon on the 5th a few miles to the SSW of Gap Rock, and the centre must have passed almost over the vessel between 9 a. and noon during which interval the wind lulled and her decks were crowded with butterflies and land birds. The vessel was very much damaged and was saved with difficulty. The barometer is stated to have been rising at noon, but no readings were entered in the log book.

On the 6th the disturbance was filling up between Canton and Swatow. Pressure had increased very considerably over N. China between the 4th and 6th and it appears that the depression was unable to make any progress in a northerly direction in consequence, and that its course was directed more and more to the eastward and towards the neighbourhood of Swatow on the 6th. It appears to have completely broken up during the evening of this day, the moderate S winds which had prevailed in the neighbourhood of Swatow during the day with steady barometer giving

place to NE winds which set in there with great force during the evening accompanied by rising barometer.

November 17th, 10.30 a. gales are indicated over the NE

November 17th, 11.10 a. November 18th, 10.30 a.

November 18th, 10.50 a. and to be now situated off the

November 18th, 11.30 a.

"A typhoon is at present situated to the ENE of Bolinao. Northerly part of the China Sea."

"Barometer falling. Fresh to strong N winds with fine weather."

Red Drum hoisted.

"The typhoon appears to have moved towards WNW since yesterday W coast of N Luzon.'

"Barometer falling. Fresh to strong N winds. Fair weather at first,

probably becoming unsettled later.”

November 19th, 12.15 p. "The typhoon appears to be situated to the W of the Bashee Channel and it is probably recurving to the NE. Barometer steady with fresh N to NW winds and fair weather.'

November 19th, 4.20 p. Red Drum taken down.

The following are the noon observations referring to the above typhoon :-

COAST STATIONS.

November 16th.

17th.

18th.

19th.

20th.

Amoy,

Fisher Island, Breaker Point,

Hongkong, Hoihow,

30.13 N 2 b.

.02 NNE 9 om. 15 N 2 b. .16 ENE 1 b.

South Cape,

Bolinao,

Manila,

.20 ENE 3 b. 29.99 NNE 8 cm.

.89 N 4 0. .84 WNW 1 c.

.10

30.06 NNE 3 b. 29.92 NNE 10 cm. 30.09 NE 3 c. NE 1 b. .11 NE 3 b. 29.91 NNE 10 om.

.73 NW 6 or. .76 SW 3 c.

29.99 NNE 2 0.

.89 NNE 7 om. 30.01 NNE 3 c. .00 W 1 0. .04 NE 2 b. 29.91 NNE 6 om. .75 SW 2 o. .88 S 3 0.

29.88 SSW 1 o.

.89 NNE 4 cm. .86 N 2 c. .91 NNW 1 o. .96 W 1 b. .90 E 4 om. .87 SSW 2 c. .92 SW 2 c.

29.96 ENE 2 c.

.90 ENE 4 od. .85 NE 7 od. .92

W 20.

.97

W 1 b.

30.00 29.93

NE 2 c.

SW 1 b.

.96 WSW 1 b.

VESSELS.

November 13th.

Sh. Atlantic,

Berlin,

16° 39′ 132° 18′ 29.86 .17 00 135 26

Wandering Jew, 11 57 136 29

N/W 7

9 gq. W/N 8 q.

November 15th.

Sh. Berlin, ....

18° 05′ 133° 43′

November 14th.

Sh. Berlin,............................16° 51′ 134° 48′

Atlantic, .........16 25 131 28 29.81 Wandering Jew, 12 20 136 23

NE 12 NNE 8

SW 5 ...

Atlantic, .........16 04 131 34 29.21 Wandering Jew, 14 06 135 11

ESE 6 C.

NW 11 Irq. SE 2

Sh. Berlin,....

November 16th.

.21° 52′ 131° 07′

Atlantic,.....16 27 131 23 29.81

,, Wandering Jew, 14 56 134 13

ENE 4 SSE 4 crq. SES 2

November 17th.

Sh. Berlin, ...........24° 14′ 129° 15′

S.S. Glenavon, ... .22 29 115 40 30.10 Bk. Bylgia,.. .21 44 120 26

NE 6 rq.

N 5

...

9 0.

S.S. Memnon,

.20 17 116 53 30.05

Sh. Atlantic,

.17° 10′ 130° 31′ 29.91 Wandering Jew, 15 56 133 25 S.S. Esmeralda, ....15 56 119 4 Sh. Sierra Miranda,. 5 16 126 35

November 18th.

S 2 SE/S 2

.80 NNW 8 .90 W 2

orq.

Sh. Berlin,

......25° 35' 128° 10'

or. Sh. Atlantic.

S.S. Activ,

22 04 113 57 30.00 N

Bk. Bylgia,

.21 53 119 42

NE 6

S.S. Continental,

..21 01 118 36 29.82 NE/N 9

17° 39′ 129° 31′ S.S. Esmeralda,......17 14 117 58 Sh. Wandering Jew, 17 05 131 31 Sierra Miranda,. 6 04 128 28

29.99

ESE 2 54 WNW 9 orq.

grq.

SEE 4

.91

W 2

379

November 19th.

S.S. Continental,........20° 05′ 119° 04′ 29.53 Esmeralda,......17 58 117 22 .73 Kong Beng, ...17 46 110 57 30.06

November 20th.

S.S. Glenavon,

or.

W 7 0. NNW 3

S.S. Chusan, Bk. Bylgia, S.S. Mathilde,

22° 37′ 115° 34′ 29.95 NNE 3 22 06 119 6 ..22 06 113 55

NNE 9 .92 NNW 4

om.

or.

S.S. Sungkiang,

Chusan, Bk. Bylgia,....

S.S. Activ,

.24° 52′ 119° 23′ .24 30 118 36 .21 41 118 32 .21 36 113 22

30.08 NNE 5 .00 NE/E 4 29.75? SE 10 .95 WNW 3

om.

or.

.21° 20′ 113° 50′ 29.95 Esmeralda, .20 55 115 16 .90 Kong Beng, ...20 47 112 36 30.05 Continental, ...17 49 119 15 29.94

W 2

...

NW N 5

N 2

SSW 4

From the weather experienced on board the sailing vessels Berlin. Atlantic, and Wandering Jew between the 13th and 16th the approximate track of typhoon XVIII during this period has been determined. The centre passed to the north of the Wandering Jew between noon of the 13th_and noon of the 14th, a gale from WNW gradually backing to SW and decreasing being experienced by this vessel during this interval. On the afternoon of the 14th it passed probably at a distance of about 50 miles to the south of the Berlin. The vessel was under bare poles and they experienced winds of typhoon force from NNE in the morning veering to E and decreasing in the afternoon. On the 15th at noon the centre was close to the Atlantic. They experienced a typhoon from N in the morn- ing backing to W in the afternoon. In the evening the wind backed still further, to SW and S, and

moderated.

On the 16th the centre was situated between the ship Atlantic and the E coast of Luzon and pressure had begun to give way at Bolinao and Manila with increasing winds from N at Bolinao. On the morning of the 17th the disturbance was approaching the E Luzon coast probably in about 17° latitude. The barometer fell fast at Bolinao during the day with a strong NW breeze and rain, and at Manila a fresh breeze from WSW prevailed in the afternoon. The barometer was rising at Bolinao: early next morning, the 18th, and the wind bad backed to SW of the strength of a light breeze. The centre was probably situated in 18° 15,' 119° 30' at noon on this day and about 100 miles to the NE. of the S.S. Esmeralda. This vessel experienced a strong gale from NW in the morning backing to SW in the evening. The lowest barometer reading (29.54) was recorded at 10 a. The disturbance which had moved on a W by N course while in the Pacific appears now to have been moving towards: NW. The S.S. Continental at a distance of about 200 miles to the N by W of the centre at noon · experienced a whole gale from NE veering to ENE during the evening with falling barometer. The centre passed a little to the west of this vessel at 10 a. next morning, the 19th, when they had a typhoon force of wind from SSE with the lowest reading of the barometer, 29.49. At 4 p. the wind had veered to SSW of force 8 and the barometer had risen to 29.66. At noon the centre was situated in 20° 30, 118° 15', and it had thus moved to the NNW since noon of the 18th at the rate of 6 miles per hour.

Its speed had decreased very much and it appears to have already commenced to fill up. The bark Bylgia, which had been trying to round the South Cape of Formosa for several days, experienced typhoon force from E veering to ESE during the afternoon with the lowest barometer (29.62) at 2.30 p. The vessel became leaky and sustained considerable damage. The disturbance was at this time moving towards the SE Coast of China, but the barometer ceased falling there during the evening and next morning it was rising at the stations on this part of the coast. Although the disturbance had filled to a great extent it yet remained a cyclonic depression at noon on the 20th when the centre was situated in 21° 30, 117° 45,' and it had thus only progressed about 60 miles to the NNW during the preceding 24 hours. The Bylgia still had a whole SE gale at a distance of about 50 miles to ENE of this position, but the barometer had risen much since the previous day. During the evening the wind backed to E and decreased with quickly rising barometer. It appears that the depression had now completely filled up and all traces of the disturbance had disappeared the next day.

December.

A small typhoon (XIX) was encountered on December 25th by the S.S. Chelydra off the Cochin China Coast while on a voyage from Singapore to Hongkong.

The following are the noon observations made at the Coast Stations:--

Hongkong,

Hoihow,

Bolinao,

Manila,

Cape St. James,

December 24th.

25th.

30.09

S 1

.14 NE 1

29.87 ESE 1

.88 E E

2323 3

b. 30.08

ENE

.03

ENE

29.88

.88

WSW

26th.

8 3 ± 3:

30.05

29.94 .89

ENE 5 NE 2 NE 1 .90 W 1

odf.

380

LOGS OF THE STEAMSHIPS NATAL AND CHELYDRA.

S.S. Natal.

S.S. Chelydra.

Dec. 24, Noon..

.11°08′ 108° 43′ 29.97

p..

11 43

109 12

.86

NNE 1 b

.12 26

109 28

.93

NE 5

Midt..

13 05

109 40

.92 NNW

25, 4 a.

Noon

4 P.

.13 39 109 55 .14 00 109 39 15 00 110 16 .16 15 110 25

.87 NW 3 .95 NNW .95 NNW

3 pq

ཋ༠ ༢༠༣ཚོ n

Dec. 23, Noon ...

7°36′ 108°38′ 29.93 NNE

24, Noon

.88 N/E

4 p. 8

Midt.....

25,

4 a.

.77

.80

.79

.69 N

9 od

10 oq

6799

6.09

.65 WNW 11

.88

Noon......10 25

110 40

.57 NW

16 28

110 35

.95 N

3 or

Midt..

17 10

110 47

.95 NNW

26, 4 a.

.17 45

110 58

.95

.18 28

111 21

30.01

Noon

18 57

111 48

.01

4 P.

.19 32

112 18

29.97

NNE

.20 12

112 56

30.03

Midt...

..20 52 113 29

.05

2343342

ARA A A RO

4 P. 8

26, 4 a.

.45 NW/W

.51 W

ོ་ ྨཙ ✖འཚོ་ཐ མ མི མི

Midt....

.49

8 Noon

•

....12 57

111 27

5 pq

.81

4 p. 8

5 cp

.91 ESE

4 c

Midt......

.94

4 c

.51 WSW 11 .74 S/W 6 oqd .82 SE/S

25th, from 8.30 a. to 4 p., vessel hove to.

This typhoon was preceded by anticyclonic conditious over China where, however, pressure gave way rapidly between the 22nd and 24th. Between the 23rd and 24th pressure decreased quickly in Luzon and Cochin China also, and the disturbance probably had its origin to the West of Palawan in about 9° to 10° Lat. at this time. The French Mail steamer Natal, on board of which vessel was the Director of the Hongkong Observatory, had left Saigon bound for Hongkong at midnight of the 23rd. On the afternoon of the 24th the barometer fell somewhat, the sky became overcast, the wind freshened from the NE and a heavy swell from NE was encountered. The S.S. Chelydra, position at noon is not stated, also had the wind increasing from N by E on the morning of this day. At the same time the barometer commenced to fall and the weather became wet and squally. On the 25th the accom- panying log of the S.S. Chelydra clearly shows that the disturbance was passing from the E to the N of the vessel, the centre probably being situated in about 11°, 112° at noon apparently moving towards NW or WNW. The vessel was hove to from 8.30 a. to 4 p. after which hour her course was apparently resumed, but it was not until next morning, the 26th, that the barometer rose decidedly and the wind backed to the southward and decreased.

The centre would appear to have entered the Annam Coast near noon on the 26th in about 12° latitude. At Cape St. James, the wind backed to NW in the afternoon, but complete observations from this station are not available.

30.

Plate I.

110

12/0

13/0

140

June

7-July.

------Aug.

-May.

June.

110

428

+27

June.

Sept.

8.0

130

July.

Augt

TYPHOONS

1894

140

HONG KONG OBSERVATORY

381

130

120.

...

110

120

25.

Oct.

vs Sept.

Sept.

110

12/0

HONG KONG.

No. 161.

Governor

471

No. 33

HONGKONG.

DESPATCH RESPECTING ORDINANCE 1 OF 1864 AND ITS REPEAL.

SIR.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

DOWNING STREET,

28th June, 1895.

In reply to your despatch No. 156 of the 11th ultimo, I have the honour to point out to you that Ordinance No. 1 of 1864 related only to payments to be made to or by the Government of the Colony as to which sterling had been or should have been or should be specified in any Ordinance of the Colony. It does not appear that any Ordinance has specified that Crown rents shall be paid in sterling; therefore Ordinance No. 1 of 1864 did not, and its repeal does not, affect the payment of Crown rents.

It appears that the old Crown Leases require the rents, though fixel in sterling, to be laid in current dollars of the Colony at such rate as may from time to time be fixed as the rate of exchange for the salaries of the public officers of the Colony. When the currency was changed in 1863 and salaries were fixed in dollars, there ceased to be any rate of exchange for salaries, but the rents no doubt continued to be received at the rate fixed for salaries when salaries were in sterling, viz., 4/2 the Dollar, and they should continue to be received at that rate now.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient,

SIR W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&c.,

&c.

humble servant,

RIPON.

545

No. 41

HONGKONG.

STATEMENT SHEWING TOTAL COST OF PERSONAL EMOLUMENTS, PENSIONS. &c. FOR THE YEARS 1892, 1893 AND 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

Salaries (including Allowances),

Pensions,

•

Exchange Compensation,

TOTAL,.........

1892.

1893.

1894.

Average Exchange Average Exchange

Average Exchange

2/101

.$821,509.52

2/61/

$750,851.13

2/11 $764,337.04

67,086.54

86,706.79

100,077.28

22,578.21

.$888,596.06

$837,557.92

$S$6,992.53

The figures for 1895 cannot be ascertained as the accounts for the year cannot yet be closed.

Hongkong, 3rd December, 1895.

A. M. THOMSON,

Acting Treasurer.

HONGKONG.

279 No. 19

REPORT OF THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK SOCIETY FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDING 31ST DECEMBER, 1894,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

R.G.O. No. 35.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 8th April, 1895.

SIR, I have the honour to forward for your Excellency's information the report of the Pó Léung Kuk society for the nine months ending the 31st December last, together with the accounts and a statement of the assets and liabilities of the society with a declaration of the truth of it made before a Justice of the Peace by two of the members of the Permanent Board.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

His Excellency

SIR WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.

J. H. STEWart Lockhart, Colonial Secretary and Registrar General.

REPORT.

The Pó Leung Kuk Incorporation Ordinance, as amended by direction of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, came into force on the 31st March, 1894.

The following ten gentlemen were elected to act as the Managing Committee for the year:

TONG WAN-CHIU.

CHAU SIU-KI.

IP CHUK-KAI.

LI SAU-HIN.

CH'AN KING-TING.

FUNG WA-CHÜN.

WAI MIN-CHAI.

KU FAI-SIIAN.

HUI SHUN-CHÜN. WONG UI-CHÜN.

Messrs. LEUNG PUI-CI and YUNG KUNG-Pó were appointed Treasurers for the Society, and the Managing Committee receive from them cach month sufficient to meet the monthly disbursements.

The funds of the society are at present on deposit with the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, as no more suitable investment has offered itself.

Attached is a statement giving briefly the work done during the last nine months of 1894. each case of marriage or adoption ample security has been required. Three of the wards died during the year.

On the commencement of the plague the wards were removed from the apartments occupied by them in the Tung Wa Hospital to the second floor of three houses in New Street. Acting on the advice of the Colonial Surgeon, the Tung Wa Hospital has made use of the apartments formerly

ها

280

occupied by the Pó Léung Kuk for other purposes, and there is no early prospect of the society being able to remove from its present quarters. These have been found to be most unsuitable. They are overlooked by the houses on the opposite side of the street, are difficult of access and afford no means of separating the various classes of inmates.

The society is anxious to make use of a site which is within the Taipingshan Resumption Area, but no arrangement has been concluded.

The rooms have been visited regularly by Mr. THURBURN and Mr. Ho Fook, the two visiting justices appointed by the Governor.

Nine meetings of the Permanent Board have been held. Two members of the Managing Com- mittee are invited to be present at each meeting.

In accordance with regulation No. 18, the accounts of the society and a statement of the assets and liabilities on the 31st December last are forwarded for His Excellency's consideration as also a declaration of the truth of the statement by Messrs. LEUNG PUI-CHI and WAI LONG-SHAN.

The accounts have been kindly audited by Messrs. TANG WING-SING, of the Mercantile Bank, and Tám Lui-Ts'ung of the UN FAT HONG. They show a balance to the credit of the society of $30,215.83.

The $20,000 granted by the Government as a building fund are on deposit with the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and being granted for a special purpose and in the charge of the Colonial Treasurer are not entered in the accounts.

The society has to thank the Tung Wa Hospital for generously continuing to defray the cost of feeding its wards.

30th March, 1895.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

President.

HO KAI,

Vice-President.

$3 Stanp

We, LEUNG PUI-CHI and WAI LONG-SHAN, members of the Board of Direction of the Pó Léung Kuk Incorporated Society, do solemnly and sincerely declare that the attached statement of the assets and liabilities of the above society on the 31st December, 1894, marked A and signed with our names on the 18th March, 1895, is a true statement, and we make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and by virtue of the provisions of "The Statutory Declarations Act, 1835."

LEUNG PUI-CHI.

WAI LONG-shan.

Declared by the declarants LEUNG PUI-CHI and WAI LONG-SHAN, at Victoria, Hongkong, this 18th day of March, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, through the the interpretation of LI HONG MI, of Hongkong, the said LI HONG MI having been also first declared that he had truly, distinctly and audibly interpreted the contents of this document to the said declarants and that he would truly and faithfully interpret the declaration about to be administered unto them.

Before me,

BRUCE SHEPHERD, J.P.

Victoria.

Statement of Assets and Liabilities of the Pó Léung Kuk Incorporated Society on the 31st December, 1894.

Assets.

On deposit at call with Hongkong and Shang-

hai Bank,

At current account with Hongkong and Shang-

hai Bank,

29,500.00

715.83

Total,.

.$ 30,215.83

biabilities.

Nil.

LEUNG PUI-CHI.

281

WAI LONG-SHAN.

This is the statement marked A referred to in the declaration of LEUNG PUI-CHI and Wai Long-shan, declared before me this 18th day of March, 1895.

BRUCE SHEPHERD, J.P.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE.

Statement of Capital Account from 1st April to 31st December, 1894.

1894.

Receipts.

1894.

Expenditure.

Apr. 16 Contributions from Directors of Pó

Léung Kuk,

35.00

17 Subscriptions from the Chinese Com-

munity,

Apr. 17 Cheque Book,

20 May 16 30,507.77 June 12

.50

Paid to Working Committee,

200.00

17 From the former Pó Léung Kuk society through Mr. Chau Tat-tong,. May 2 From Man Mo Temple (procession

July 13

100.00

651.76

Aug. 10

100.00

fund),

Sept. 1 Interest,

Sept. 8 180.00 Oet. 9

100.00

200.00

Nov. 6

200.00

241.80 Dec. 6

100.00

وو

Total,.....:::................$

Balance in hand,.

1,400.50

30,215.83

Total,.....

..$31,616.33

Total,.....

31,616.33

282

Statement shewing particulars of expenditure by the Working Committee, from the 26th day of the 2nd Moon (1st April) to the 5th of the 12th Moon of the Kap Ng Year (31st December, 1894.)

1894.

Receipts.

Expenditure.

Apr. 20 Mr. Fung Wa-chün received from the

By Wages of the Clerk Lo Man Shan, for

Permanent Board of Pó Léung Kuk,.

200.00

1 month,

20.00

May 17

Mr. Ip Chuk-kai

do.

do.,

200.00

do. do.

do.

June 13 Mr. Li Sau-hin

do.

do.,

200.00

Wong Chi-ngai, for

9 months,.

170.00

July 13 Mr. Hui Shun-chün

do.

do.,

100.00

do.

Assistant Clerk Tang Chuk-

Aug. 16 Mr. Li Sau-hin

do.

do.,

100.00

heung, for I month,

10.00

Sept. 8 Mr. Fung Wa-chün

do.

do.,

100.00

do.

Li Yik-tin,

Oct. 9 Mr. Li Sau-hin

do.

do.,

200.00

for 3 months,.......

35.00

Nov. 6

Mr. Li Sau-hin

do.

do.,

200.00

do.

Detective Wong Yun, for

Dec.

7 Mr. Chau Siu-ki

do.

do.,

100.00

4 months,

$0.00

do.

Ip Tseung, for

4 months,

40.00

do.

Leung Tsau, for

5 months,

50.00

do.

Kwong Kwong

for 5 months,.

50.00

do.

Servant Sin Hi, for 3 months,

9.00

وو

do.

Wong Chiu, for 9

months,

25.00

do.

وو

Cheung Lái, for 9

months,

15.00

do.

Ching Shing, for 6

months & 8 days,.

9.40

do.

Ip Lan, for 4 months,

16.00

do.

Leung In, for 3

months,

12.00

do.

Tse Sam, for 2

months & 25 days,

8.50

do.

Chan Tín, for 4

months,

12.00

do.

وو

Night-soil Woman Li Í, for

7 months,

10.50

Beds,

20.00

Cotton Coverlets,

60.00

وو

Clothes,

49.25

Firewood,

27.39,

Kerosine Oil and Common Soap,..

24.37

Oil,....

20.791

Rice,

Tea,

58.201

11.25

Tobacco,

Total,.......

.$ 1,400.00

6.34

Lamps, &c.,

6.12%

Stationery,

Repairs, (Labour and Materials),

34.66

36.00

,, Laying a water service, (Labour & Materials),

Advertising Subscription List in the Chung

13.38

Ngoi newspaper, for one week,

25.00

Advertising Subscription List in the Wa

Tsz newspaper for one week, and supply of newspaper for one year,

30.00

Advertising Subscription List in the Tsun

Wán newspaper for one week, and supply of newspaper for one year, &c.,

33.00

Printing Minutes of Monthly Meeting of

the Permanent Board,

7.00

Food for Clerks and Servants, for 9 months,... Special Meals for Clerks and Servants on

festival days,

57.32

20.791

Special Meals for the destitute Women

and Children on festival days,

9.70

Passage for Destitutcs,.........

80.23

Hire of Jinrickshas and Boats incurred by

Detectives,....

20.21

,, Sundry Expenses,

129.47%

Total,............

..$1,352.90%

Balance in band,............$

47.09%

Total,.......

.$ 1,400.00

Return showing the number of destitutes that have been dealt with through the Pó Leung Kuk between the 1st April and 31st December, 1894.

Married, Adopted,...

Died,

Sent home-Malos,

275

-Females,

181

Destitutes still in charge of the Society, Women and Children,

No. 37.

HONGKONG.

THE POSTMASTER GENERAL'S REPORT FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

439

No. 30

GENERAL POST OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 6th June, 1895.

SIR, I have the honour to forward the following report on the British Postal Service in Hong- kong and China during the year 1894.

2. The approximate statistics of correspondence received and despatched during the year are given in table 4. These figures are arrived at by taking statistics during a period of 28 days and multiplying the results by 13; no very exact conclusions can therefore be deduced from them. But in so far as they may be relied upon they point to a considerable increase in International Postal business as compared with 1893, while the local business appears to have suffered a slight decrease. The heads of International business under which the largest increases appear are-

Ordinary letters despatched,

Post Cards,

Newspapers, &c.,..............

Patterns,

Registered Articles,..

....36 %

.55%

........31

.31%

...

15%

.18%

3. It should be mentioned, however, that two thirds or more of this apparently large increase is attributable to the fact that the statistical period in 1894 included the date of despatch of the New Year's Mail for Europe, which is always about 50 per cent. heavier than an average homeward mail. The despatch of the Christmas homeward mail is always included in the statistical period (the first 28 days in November) so that the estimate of the yearly amount of correspondence despatched is always somewhat too high, although the fact does not greatly affect the comparison from year to year.

4. A very fair index to the variations in the amount of correspondence despatched is furnished by the value of the stamps sold from month to month. Table A shows these values (for Hongkong only) for 1893 and 1894. The comparison of the amount sold during the first seven months of 1894 with the amount for the corresponding months of 1893 shows an increase of a little over 6 per cent. which is perhaps a fair estimate of the annual rate of increase of the business of the Office. The reason for taking seven months only for the purpose of the comparison will be inferred from paragraph 16 below.

5. There is a decrease of 50 per cent. in patterns received and a small decrease in newspapers received, the other heads of correspondence received showing slight increases.

6. The local correspondence despatched shows a slight decrease in the number of letters, post- cards, newspapers and registered articles. In the local correspondence received there is a decrease of 18 per cent. in newspapers and registered articles, and a small decrease in ordinary correspondence.

7. Table B gives the statistics of parcels received and despatched, and table C gives the com- parison with 1893. The figures shown for parcels to and from the Coast Ports are estimated from statistics taken during 28 days in November; the other figures are exact.

8. A revised tariff for parcels post came into force on the 1st October, the most important altera- tion being the raising of the postage on parcels to the United Kingdom from 25 cents per first lb. and 20 cents for each succeeding lb. to 40 cents and 25 cents respectively. In spite of this measure, which was rendered necessary by the fall in exchange, the popularity of the parcels post appears to be steadily increasing.

Table D shows the number of parcels posted in. Hongkong despatched to Europe by the English mail, with the amount of postage and the insurance fees collected. A reference to this table shows that 3,038 parcels (an average of 152 per mail) were despatched previous to the 1st October, while the mails of the 10th and 25th October and 6th and 20th December carried an average of 203 parcels each. The Christmas and New Year's Mails are always exceptionally heavy and are, therefore, not taken into account in this comparison.

440

9. The new regulations for insured parcels also took effect from the 1st October. It is now compulsory to insure gold and silver articles for at least part of their value.

10. A parcels post service between Victoria and the Peak was inaugurated on the same day, but the public showed no disposition to make use of it, only two parcels being posted in as many months. It was, therefore, discontinued from the 1st December.

11. The insurance of parcels to India was discontinued in January. I am, however, again in corres- pondence with the Postmaster General of Bengal on the subject, and hope that a satisfactory arrange- ment will be shortly completed.

12. Table E gives the number of messages received at the Telegraph Room. There is an increase in the number of signals of approaching vessels from Cape D'Aguilar and a decrease under each of the remaining heads.

13. Table F shows the dates and causes of interruptions in the communication with Gap Rock and Cape D'Aguilar. The former number six as against eleven in 1893, and the latter ten as against eighteen in 1893.

The

14. Table G shows the revenue and expenditure of the department during 1893 and 1894. There is an increase under all heads of revenue except fees for private boxes in which there is a trifling decrease. The most important increase is one of nearly 10 per cent. in the value of stamps sold, which is attributable partly to the increased postal tariff, which came into force on the 1st August, and partly to a general increase in correspondence despatched. The largest relative increase is under the head of profit on exchange on Money Order transactions. This is, however, deceptive. amount shown for 1894 is the sum paid into the Treasury in that year and represents approximately the profit on the transactions of 1892 and 1893. The profit on the 1892 transactions was not paid into the Treasury in 1893 because it was feared that the heavy loss caused by the closing of the Indian Mints, referred to in paragraph 12 of the Acting Postmaster General's report for 1893, would swamp both that and the profit on the 1898 transactions with other countries, and possibly render necessary a vote to meet the deficiency. Fortunately, this fear was not realized, and but for the loss referred to, amounting to $4,092.00, the business of 1893 would have shown a profit of $7,922.74 as against $2,374.41 for 1892, the large increase being due principally to increased transactions with Australia consequent on the failure of several Australia banks.

15. The increases under the various heads of expenditure are for the most part attributable to the fall in exchange.

16. On the 1st August the postage to the United Kingdom was raised from 7 cents to 10 cents per oz. for letters, with corresponding increases for other descriptions of correspondence. The effect of this change has been to increase by some 10 per cent. the average value of the monthly sale of stamps, allowance being made for the usual extra large sale in November.

17. The value of stamps sold at Shanghai jumped suddenly from $1.976 in July to $2.753 in August and maintained, from August to December inclusive, an average of $2,938 a month as against $1,681 for the preceding seven months, an increase of more than 70 per cent. This large increase was caused almost entirely by the closing of the Japanese Post Office at Shanghai, by which a great deal of extra work fell to the lot of the British Office. It is an ill wind that blows nobody any good, and one effect of the China-Japan War was to put some $1,200 a month into the pockets of the Hong- kong ratepayers.

18. Table I shows the Money Order business for 1894.

19. I regret to state that during the year it was found that more than 50 registered letters, originating for the most part from the Straits Settlements, had been during the previous year lost or misappropriated in transit through this Office. No prosecution was instituted, and the greater part of the indemnities claimed by the senders was paid by the father of the clerk to whom the losses were traced, and who was permitted to resign from the service. I am pleased to add that I have complete confidence in the staff at present under my control in this Office, who have one and all performed their duties conscientiously and satisfactorily.

20. Mr. J. PEEL joined the department as junior clerk in April.

21. Mr. J. COSTA resigned in May.

22. Mr. A. M. SILVA, the senior clerk, retired on pension in November, and was succeeded by Mr. W. J. Solly, who was transferred from the Police Force.

23. The Post Office shroff Fu NG died in July, and was succeeded by CHING KAM LEUNG. The Money Order shroff also died, and was succeeded by NG Lum.

24. I returned from leave of absence on the 3rd October, and the Assistant Postmaster General, Mr. NORTHCOTE, left for England the same day, Mr. BADELEY being appointed to act as Assistant Postmaster General during his absence.

441

25. The electric light was introduced into the Office in October and has proved a very great boon. 26. On the 22nd October a robbery was perpetrated from the Canton Postal Agency. The thief was subsequently caught and the property abstracted (which was of small value) recovered.

27. The postal agent at Ningpo died on the 31st October. An examination of his accounts, which in spite of repeated letters from this Office were at the time two months in arrear, disclosed a deficiency of $940.05, of which $161.50 was subsequently recovered from his estate.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY,

&c.,

&c.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

A.-Approximate Statistics for the Year 1894.

ARTHUR K. TRAVERS,

Postmaster General.

International.

Local.

Comparison with 1893.

Description of Correspondence.

Total.

Des- patched.

[Received.

Des- patched.

Received.

Total in 1893.

Increase. Decrease.

Ordinary Paid Letters,

919,529 724,477

78,767

Unpaid or Short-paid Articles,..

11,999

12,987

351

77,467 | 1,800,240 | 1,537,222 | 263,018

1,014 26,351

43,553

17,202

Letters on Postal Business,

2,678

1,274

1,989

1,170

7,111

6,824

287

Post Cards (single),

23,166

16,419

3,718

1,937

45,240

35,752

9,488

Post Cards with reply,

1,365

403

1,846

Newspapers, Periodicals, Books, Cir-

culars, &c.,

397,098 676.806

46,254

Patterns,

12,350

20,774

117

28,093 3,705

1,148,251 | 1,073,361

74,890

36,946

41,864

1,918

Registered Articles,

51,727

86.931

5,356

5,239

149,253

112,597

6,656

Do.,

with Return Receipts,.

143

3,887

4,043

662 3,381

B.-Statistics of Parcels for the Year 1894.

DESPATCHED.

RECEIVED.

Ordinary. Insured.

United Kingdom,

India,

7,929 1,051

320

United Kingdom,

10,049

569

India,

1,130

Germany,

246

Germany,

420

Australia,

132

Australia,

136

Ceylon,

...

Egypt,

350

...

Gibraltar and Malta,.

Gibraltar and Malta,

Coast Ports, &c.,

4,561

Coast Ports, &c.,...................

4,056

Total,.....

14,044

320

Total,.....

16,227

569

The Christmas and New Year Mails comprised Outward 702 and 724 respectively, and Inward 717 and 783 Parcels.

442

C.-Parcels received and despatched during the years 1893 and 1894 compared.

Received from

1893.

1894. Increase. Decrease.

Despatched to

1893.

1894. Increase. Decrease.

United Kingdom,

10,749

10,618

131

United Kingdom,

7,175

8,249

1,074

Germany,

433

420

India,

762

1,051

289

India,

804

1,130

326

Germany,

208

246

Other Countries, .

464

572

108

Other Countries,

237

257

...

Coast Ports, &c.,

4,032

4,056

24,

Coast Ports, &c.,

4,459

4,561

102

Grand Totals,..

16,482

16,796

458

144

Grand Totals,..

12,841

14,364

1,523

D.-United Kingdom Parcels Posted in Hongkong during 1894.

Date.

No. of Parcels.

Postage.

Insurance Fees.

Date.

No. of Parcels.

Postage.

Insurance Fees.

4th January,

111

83.15

$1.05

4th July,

147

$ 89.75

$0.40

18th

190.

131,90

2.60

19th

114

59.90

3.80

1st February,

169

103.05

2.55

2nd August,

166

103.30

2.00

15th

177

116.65

5.60

16th

168

95.00

3.20

1st March,

125

77.65

1.20

30th

139

82.55

2.80

15th

177

105,25

1.60

13th September,

173

106.05

0.80

29th

148

85.80

0.60

27th

122

70.70

4.60

12th April,

193

128.25

2.85

10th October,

171

178.95

1.40

26th

161

98.45

2.20

25th

199

174.80

2.20

9th May,

176

131.00

0.80

8th November,

495

490.75

8.30

24tb

158

90.50

1.00

22nd

412

392.15

8.00

7th June,.

108

51.00

0.80

6th December,

210

179.75

2.70

21st

116

66.40

2.20

20th

232

184.40

2.20

E.-Memo. from the Post Office Telegraph Room during the year 1894.

Signals of Vessels,

Meteorological,

GAP ROCK.

374*

1,504

CAPE D'AGUILAR.

983*

444

PEAK.

1,102

* Not including several vessels that have passed these Stations in foggy weather and also during the time of interruptions.

Relieving days,.......

........12

F.-Interruptions to Communications with Gap Rock.

Dates and times of Interruptions.

Dates and times of Restorations.

20th May,

27th June,

12th July,

19th September,.. 25th

4th October,

21st May,

6.00 a.m. 10.00 a.m. 29th June,. 1.30 p.m. 13th July, 6.00 a.m. 20th September,

6.00 a.m. 26th

5.00 p.m.

6th October,

Causes of Interruptions.

Unknown.

7.30 a.m. 12.00 p.m. The Battery at General Post Office out of order. 4.20 p.m. Instrument at General Post Office out of order. 4.13 p.m. The wire in instrument broken.

10.00 a.m. The land lines at Gap Rock and Hongkong were broken by

3.42 p.m.

Do.

[Typhoon.

Interruptions to Communications with Cape D'Aguilar.

Dates of Interruptions.

Dates of Restorations.

Causes of Interruptious.

16th February, 16th April, 23rd June,

5th August,

10th

24th

10th September,'.

17th February, 18th April,

24th June,...

6th August,

11th 27th

11th September,

....

15th 19th

16th

20th

5th October,

8th October,

}

443

The line was repairing between Wanchai and Central Stations. Wanchai was repairing the line.

Thunderstorms.

Unknown.

Do.

Thunderstorms.

Do.

The wires were broken by Typhoon.

G.- Revenue and Expenditure 1894.

Unpaid Postage,

Boxholders' Fees,

Commissions on Money

Orders,

Profit on Exchange on Money Order Trans- actions,

$ 156,303.61 | 174,063.03| 17,759,42

5,126.19 5,264.70 138.51

2,506.58 2,431.50

Receipts.

1893.

1894.

Increase. Decrease.

Expenditure.

1893.

1894. Increase. Decrease.

Sale of Stamps,

Share of United King-

dom,

31,027.21 37,368.77. 6,341.56

75.08

Share of other Coun-}

tries,

18,547.35 31,074.27 12,526.92

3,369.00 3,905,09 536.09

Commissions on Money

Orders,

1,063.79

770.59

293.20

291.39 6,508,10 6,216.71

Contributions towards

P. & O. Subsidy,

Conveyance of Mails,..

Working Expenses,

Balance,

47,414.20 57,084.13 9,669.93

8,253.52 9,411.71 1,158.19

46,980.89 47,642.68 661.79

14,309.81 8,820.27

5,489.54

Total,...

167,596.77192,172.42 24,650.73

75.08

Total,.....

167,596.77 192,172.42 | 30,358.39

5,782.74

H.-Sale of Stamps at Hongkong 1893 and 1894.

1893.

1894.

January,

February,

March,....

April,

$ 9,695.00

$10,488.06

7,562.32

7,239.73

8,635.10

13,699.04

10,263.81

9,748.43

May,

June,

9,239.28

9,655.25

8,353.82

7,439.11

July,

9,310.02

8,769.43

August,

8,593.87

9,791.42

September,

8,960.27

9,705.82

October,

8,176.71

11,928.98

November,

10,098.12

12,523.10

December,

9,309.77

10,755.90

444

1.- MONEY ORDER BUSINESS, 1894.

Number of

Colonial

Total

Amount.

Orders.

Com- Commis- mission.

sion.

In Sterling.

s. d.

Do.

Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies on United Kingdom,

on Queensland,.

2,070

6,776. 1. 7

77.70

152. 7. 4

3.45

Do.

on New South Wales,

296.19. 7

5.08

Do.

on Victoria,

153. 4. O

3.66

Do.

on South Australia,

17. 0.10

.52

Do.

on Tasmania,

29. 7.0

.19

Do.

on New Zealand,

23.12. 7

.45

Total Outward Orders in Sterling,....

2,306

7,448.12.11

91.05

United Kingdom on Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies,

1,022

3,048.16. 3

284.60

Queensland

Do.,

1,064

7,312. 0. 4

694.89

New South Wales

Do.,

772

3,849. 3. 5

357.58

Victoria

Do.,

410

2,966. 9. 9

281.59

South Australia

Do.,

138

981.14. 0

93.15

Western Australia

Do.,

(ceased on 31st Mar., 1894),

282. 0. 0

Tasmania

Do.,

169

762.16. 0

73.09

New Zealand

Do.,

468. 1.11

44.53

Total Inward Orders in Sterling,

3,689 19,671. 1. 8

1,829.43

In Dollars.

Hongkong on Shanghai,

Do. on Coast Ports,

130

2,424.58

48.00

268.27

4.60

Hongkong, Shanghai & Agencies on United States,...

(commenced

397.49

11.81

1st July, 1894),

Do.

on Canada,

638.03

10.61

Do.

on Japan, (including through Orders

from Australia, &c.), .

1,127

53,025.40

150.80

Do.

on Straits Settlements,.

102

1,225.82

21.40

Do.

on Siam,

350.50

1.09

Do.

on British North Borneo,

781.68

1.19

Total Outward Orders in Dollars,

1,535

59,111.77

249.50

Shanghai on Hongkong and Coast Ports,........

854.26

20.00

United States on Hongkong, Shanghai & Agencies,... 1st July, 1894),

((commenced

946.86

4.74

Canada

Do.,

132

4,778.77

23.89

Japan

Do.,

263

5,913,69

1.20

Straits Settlements

Do.,

511

12,208.83

17.99

Siam

Do.,

766.92

6.67

British North Borneo

DO.,

1,018.54

10.18

Total Inward Orders in Dollars,

1,138

26,487.87

84.67

In Rupees.

Rs. as.

Hongkong, Shanghai & Agencies on India, (resumed on 1st July, 1894),...

432

29,909. 4

160.32

Do.

on Ceylon,

669.14

1.61

Total Outward Orders in Rupecs,

447

30,579. 2

161.93

Do.,

India on Hongkong, Shanghai & Agencies, (resumed on 1st July, 1894),..... Ceylon

5,182. 1 107. 6

13.58

.28

Total Inward Orders in Rupees,

5,289. 7

13.86

Imperial Postal Orders payable in the United

£ s. d.

Kingdom.

1/0 Orders,.........

968

48. 8. 0

1/6

931

69.16. 6

Sold at Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies,

5/0

783

195.15. 0

582.25

100

1,071

535.10. 0

20/0

2,385

2,385. 0, 0

Total Sterling Orders,...

6,138

3,234. 9. 6

582.25

Carried forward,..

3,012.69

MONEY ORDER BUSINESS, 1894,-Continued.

445

Number

A mount.

Orders.

Colonial Com- mission.

Total Commis- sion.

Local Postal Notes payable in Hongkong, Shanghai

and Agencies.

Brought forward,....

$ C.

3,012.69

[

25-Cent Notes,.............

134

33.50

1.34

50.

225

112.50

2.25

$ 1.00

237

237.00

4.74

2.00

190

Sold at Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies, ....

دو

380.00

7.60

3.00

266

798.00

15.96

4.00

319

1,276.00

25.52

5.00

472

2,360.00

47.20

10.00

747

7,470.00

149.40

Total Dollar Orders,

2,590

12,667.00

254.01

TOTAL,...

3,266.70

ARTHUR K. TRAVERS,

Postmaster General.

285

No. 21

95.

No. 123.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS FOR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

PUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, 19th March, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward you a report on the work of this department during the past year. Owing to my absence from the Colony during the greater part of the year, I have to acknow- ledge my indebtedness to Mr. BOWDLER, (Special Engineer, Praya Reclamation), the Executive Engineers and the Superintendent of Crown Lands, for much of the information contained in this report.

ANNUALLY RECURRENT WORKS.

2. Repairs to Government Buildings.-The only new building added to the list during the past year was "The Belilios School for Girls," which was completed and taken over by the Government in December 1893.

The total number of buildings of all descriptions in charge of the department is 129.

3. Extensive repairs or alterations have been executed in the following:--

Government Civil Hospital, Women's Hospital, European Lunatic Asylum, Police Stations Nos. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, Shaukiwan Police Station, Peak Signal Station and Officers' Quarters, Gunpowder Magazine Stonecutters' Island.

4. It is a matter of some regret that no practical steps beyond the preparation of plans and estimates have been taken to provide a suitable hill residence for the Governor, and that the Govern- ment have again to enter into a further lease of "Craigieburn" at an increased rental.

5. The Post Office, Treasury, Supreme Court and Crosby Store, though no longer equal to the demands of the Colony, still remain in the occupation of the departments concerned, and have been maintained and rendered, as far as possible, capable of meeting the increased accommodation required. It is, however, now becoming a generally recognised fact that the accommodation provided, specially in respect of the Post Office, is by no means adequate for the requirements of this Colony, and His Excellency the Governor recently appointed a Committee to enquire into the advisability of concen- trating the several Government departments in buildings on the New Praya Reclamation. Since my return in October last this project has received my careful attention, and general plans and approximate estimates have been submitted to the Committee. It is, therefore, to be hoped that before long this Colony may be provided with buildings more suitable for its requirements than the present ones, the erection of which dates back to its early days.

6. The expenditure under the various sub-heads has been as follows:—

(i) Government House, Government Offices, Supreme

Court and Botanical Department,

(ii) Police Station and Magistracy,

$ 3,819.16

5,591.95

(iii) Gaol,

1,338.88

(iv) Educational (Schools),..

510.87

(v) Sanitary Board (Markets, &c.),.

3,101.46

(vi) Medical (Hospitals and Asylums),

3,490.01

vii) Miscellaneous,

1,309.36

(viii) Harbour (Office, Quarters and Powder Magazine),

1,574.38

(ix) Typhoon Damages,

608.95

Total,.....

.$21,345.02

The whole of the buildings have been kept in a satisfactory state of repair so far as their age and condition admit.

7. Some of the Police Stations notably No. 7, Queen's Road West, and No. 2, Praya East, will soon have to be replaced by new buildings and increased accommodation provided.

286

8. A great many complaints have been received during the past year from the Superintendent of the Gaol respecting the Gaol buildings more especially in connection with the Superintendent's Quarters. In these, however, improvements have been effected and on the opening of the Gaol Extension it is hoped that the Gaol accommodation will be found equal to meet all reasonable demands for some years to come.

MAINTENANCE OF TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES.

9. The telegraph and telephone lines have been kept in good repair during the year though temporary interruptions occurred after the severe typhoons of September and October.

The wooden poles in the lines from Shaukiwan to Cape D'Aguilar, from No. 6 Police Station to Pokfulam, and partly from Shaukiwan to Stanley, have been replaced by iron ones, and "The Ex- change" at the Post Office has been removed to the Central Police Station.

10. The Central Police Station is now in direct telephonic communication with Government House, Colonial Secretary's Office, Post Office, Public Works Office, Registrar General's Office, Treasury, Harbour Office, No. 2 Police Station, No. 5 Police Station, No. 6 Police Station, No. 8 Police Station, Peak Signal Station, Sanitary Board Office, and Motor House Garden Road, and by means of simple switches at these stations with Shaukiwan Police Station, Cape D'Aguilar, Stanley Police Station, Hunghom Police Station, Tsimshatsui Police Station, Kowloon Observatory, Yaumati Police Station, Pokfulam Police Station, Aberdeen Police Station, No. 7 Police Station, and Kennedy- town Police Station.

11. The expenditure under this heading of account has been $5,285.88.

12. Public Cemetery.-The Public Cemetery has been maintained without involving any excep- tional expenditure. Owing to the prevalence of the bubonic plague it became necessary to open out a further terrace on the hill side to the west of the chapel, but fortunately few fatal cases occurred amongst the Europeans and only 4 interments were made.

13. The typhoon of October 5th caused a good deal of damage amongst the trees and shrubs within the Cemetery which will take years to replace.

14. The chapel which has undergone no extensive repairs for years now requires thoroughly overhauling and the work is in hand.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $1,180.95.

MAINTENANCE OF PRAYA WALL AND PIERS.

15. These have been maintained without any exceptional expenditure. A new pier of a temporary character has been erected off Ice House Lane to provide accommodation for the traffic previously plying to and from Pedder's Wharf, pending the completion of that portion of the Praya Reclamation and the reconstruction of Pedder's Wharf.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $572.57.

16. Maintenance of Lighthouses.-The lighthouses have been maintained in a satisfactory state and with the exception of the Gap Rock Lighthouse without any exceptional expenditure.

17. In the case of the Gap Rock Lighthouse after the experience of the typhoon in October 1893, various minor repairs and the fixing of iron shutters to some of the more exposed windows and the strengthening of the main doors were considered advisable. These works have been completed, and it is satisfactory to be able to state, though the exposed position of this lighthouse renders it a subject of considerable anxiety during the typhoon season, that during the typhoons that swept over this Colony during last September and October little damage was done. I regret, however, to state that after the consultations I had whilst on leave with Mr. T. MATTHEWS, engineer in chief to the Trinity House, I felt compelled to report to the Government that, in my opinion, if the lighthouse was not to be abandoned during the typhoon season it was necessary to re-build it, (C.O.D. 34.)

18. The repairs to the lantern and dioptric apparatus damaged in 1893 were completed in May last.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $7,641.17.

19. Dredging Foreshores.-The dredger has been mainly employed at Causeway Bay, and 35,026 cubic yards of material have been dredged. Five thousand four hundred and thirteen cubic yards of silt were removed from Bowrington Canal during the year.

20. I regret to have to state that during the gale of the 25th September the dredger sank off Pottinger Street wharf in about ten feet of water, and she has now to undergo extensive repairs. A special report has been submitted on this subject, C.S.O. 2455.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $7,503.59.

21. Miscellaneous Works.-The principal works carried out under this heading have been the following:--the reconstruction of the south end wall of the Magazine at Stonecutters' Island; the general repairs, painting, alteration of drains, &c., of the Superintendent's Quarters, Victoria Gaol; the removal of a portion of the ramp on the east side of the Officers' Quarters, Victoria Gaol, and works in connection therewith; the construction of an enclosure wall around the Lunatic Asylums; and the drainage of Kowloon Observatory, Yaumati Market, and of old Whitfeild Police Station.

287

22. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Victoria.-The work under this heading has been principally confined to repairing main thoroughfares. Several of the streets and roads suffered during the heavy rains which accompanied the typhoon of October last, the retaining wall supporting Seymour Road on Inland Lot 509 collapsed and the road slipped away, a portion of the retaining wall on the north side of Upper Richmond Road was knocked down and carried away part of the roadway, a portion of the roadway in Glenealy was also carried away, a large landslip occurred on the south side of Morrison Hill Road opposite Morrison Hill, and numerous smaller slips throughout the City. The macadamised surface of Praya Central was considerably broken up by the heavy seas which broke over the Praya wall.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $22,292.24.

23. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges out of Victoria.-Thorough repairs have been executed to the new and old Aberdeen roads, the road from Deep Water Bay to Stanley, the road to Cape D'Aguilar, the road from Victoria Gap to Pokfulam, Wanchai Gap Road and Magazine Gap Road.

24. Several of the old timber bridges in the outside districts have been removed and replaced by bridges constructed of iron rails and concrete.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $11,928.56.

25. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Kowloon.-Until after the heavy gales of September and October last all the roads and streets in Kowloon were in good repair. The heavy rains which then occurred and the seas which broke over the Des Voeux Road caused considerable damage to the surface. Des Voeux Road has now been concreted for a width of twelve feet between East and Austin Roads.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $5,537.10.

26. Maintenance of Waterworks.-The waterworks both in the City of Victoria and at the Peak have been maintained in a satisfactory condition without any exceptional expenditure.

27. It is, however, with regret that I have again to record that the consumption, (in this term I include legitimate use, misuse, and waste,) of water necessitated the introduction of the intermittent system from March 14th to May 16th.

The following tabular statement shews the hours of supply and the consumption during the period referred to:-

Month.

Date.

Hours of Supply.

Daily Consumption.

Consumption per head per diem.

March,

1st to 13th

Constant.

3,176,700

16.7

14th to 23rd

5 a.m. to 9 p.m.

2,739,200

14.4

March-April,

April-May,

May,

24th to 4th

6 a.m. to 10 a.m.

1,927,000

10.1

5th to 8th

6 a.m. to 9 a.m.

1,555,600

8.2

9th to 16th

6 a.m. to 8 a.m.

1,287,200

6.7

28. The water in the reservoirs at Tytam and Pokfulam fell below overflow level on the 1st and 8th November respectively and reached its minimum level on the 15th and 16th May respectively.

The following is a comparative statement shewing the condition of the reservoirs and the date of the introduction of the intermittent system of supply during the dry seasons of 1891-1892, 1892-1893, 1893-1894:--

DATE ON WHICH WATER

PERIOD.

Fell below over-

flow level.

Attained its mini- mum level.

Date of introduction

of intermittent supply.

QUANTITY OF WATER IN RESERVOIRS.

Duration

dry season.

Tytam. Pokfulam.

Rainfall.

1891-1892,................

Tytam. Pokfulam. Tytam.Pokfulam.

Nov. 15 Nov. 12 | Ap. 20 Mar. 28 | Not introduced

1892-1893, ...... Oct. 6 Oct. 6 Ap. 28 Ap. 28 9th March

1893-1894, ...... Nov. 1 Nov. 8 May 15 May 16 14th March

Nov. 10-April 19 10.13

(162 days)

31,600,000 12,930,000 Sep. 22-April 27 9".365

(218 days)

65,514,000 | 21,964,000 Oct. 19-May 16 5.035

(208 days)

288

29. The quantity of water filtered at the Tytam and Pokfulam filter beds during the past year has been 800,087,000 and 241,721,000 gallons respectively, making a total of 1,041,808,000 gallons, equal to a consumption of 14.8 gallons per head per diem for a population of 193,000 (estimated population supplied). Deducting 50,677,000 gallons supplied by meter mainly for trade purposes reduces the consumption per head per diem for domestic purposes to 14 gallons nearly.

30. In November last Messrs. A. W. and J. MILLAR were detailed to make house to house inspections of the water services and from that date 1,611 houses have been inspected, 491 of the services were found to be defective. This inspection had previously been carried out by Mr. DRAPER who had inspected 744 houses, 276 being found defective. These figures shew that there is still room for reducing the consumption of water by more careful attention to the maintenance of private services.

31. Though I have on previous occasions and do again call the attention of occupiers of premises to the importance of checking as far as possible the misuse or abuse of water, by leaving taps running and using more than a reasonable quantity for the various domestic purposes for which water is required, I most emphatically assert that a reasonable quantity of water is absolutely necessary for maintaining a sanitary condition in every city, town, village or dwelling, and to attempt to restrict such reasonable quantity would be a retrograde step in connection with the sanitation of this Colony.

32. That misuse and abuse of water do to a large extent exist is evident from the following tabular statement shewing the reduction in the consumption of water in various premises after the consumption had been ascertained by measurement and notice had been served on the occupiers to abate such excessive consumption under penalty of having the services disconnected from the waterworks.

Consumption of water per head per diem as ascertained under sections 10, 11, 12, 13 of Ordinance 16 of 1890.

Consumption during First Test.

Consumption after service of notice.

Consumption after reconnection.

Allowance.

No. 1,

16.5

13.8

7.0

5.7

No. 2,

49.1

23.0

8.0

No. 3,

23.0

19.5

14.1

No. 4,

29.6

16.4

11.8

9.6

No. 5,

42.5

70.8

9.3

No. 6,

25.9

39.4

12.6

No. 7,

30.4

16.0

No. 8,

10.0

5.7

No. 9,

16.4

6.35

No. 10,

16.27

9.14

8.4

27.0

14.3

14.1

8.6

......

No. 11,

No. 12,

This statement further shews what power the occupiers of premises have to check the misuse and abuse of water and that their failure to exercise that power leads to the consumption of a much larger quantity of water than what is really necessary, burdening the Colony with heavy expenditure in the extension of reservoirs and filtration of water.

33. Metering private services in order to check the domestic consumption was discontinued in March on the temporary introduction of the intermittent supply and was not recommenced until August.

34. A total of 1,038 houses were metered during the past year, 441 were served with notices to abate excessive consumption and 171 were disconnected from the mains for failure to comply with such notice, care being taken that in every instance a supply could be obtained from street fountains within reasonable distance of the premises disconnected.

35. The prescribed domestic quantity has now been fixed in accordance with section 13 of Ordinance 16 of 1890 for 1,752 houses, the allowance per head per diem varying from 5 gallons to 25 gallons.

36. The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS at a meeting of the Legislative Council on December the 6th availed himself of the privilege conceded by His Excellency the Governor to make a speech on the occasion of asking a question. In that speech he advocated the general use of meters and made other statements in connection with the public water supply of this Colony. As it would have been out of order either for other members or myself to have attempted to express our non-concurrence with the opinions expressed by the honourable member, I take this opportunity of placing on record that though I believe the more general introduction of meters in the cases of detached or semi-detached houses might with advantage both to the consumer and the ratepayers of this Colony be permitted; their general use throughout the native quarters of the City, where the bulk of the population reside in tenement houses and in many cases no less than three or more families occupy one floor, would not only be attended with a very large initial expense, but their maintenance and the prevention of their being tampered with or stolen, even if practicable, would be very costly.

37. It has on more than one occasion been stated that if persons pay water rates they have a right to have water laid on to their premises, and if they have not the water laid on to their premises

289

they should not be required to pay rates. I would briefly call attention to the fact that the water rates have not only to meet the expenditure of the supply of water for domestic purposes but also for fire service, flushing sewers, watering streets, &c., from which every resident more or less derives some benefit.

38. Speaking generally, there is not the slightest doubt that from a sanitary point of view a constant supply of water should be laid on to or be readily obtainable for use in all premises.

39. The full appreciation by the public of the necessity of checking abuse and misuse of water may take some time and though it is a very different matter introducing a constant supply into premises occupied by some 120,000 persons from what it is where the population is only 15,000 or 20,000, I would point to the very material reduction in the consumption of water that has taken place in recent years in cities and towns in England and express a hope that the public generally will before long shew that they are not behind the residents in those cities and towns in their endeavours to check unnecessary waste.

40. The number of meters now in use is 188, and the quantity of filtered and unfiltered water supplied by meter has been 108,834,000 gallons and 71,856,000 gallons respectively.

41. Applications for the construction of new services and the repair of existing ones have been received in 377 cases.

42. Diagrams shewing the hourly consumption of water during periods of 24 hours are attached. Appendix D.

43. Tabular statements giving information respecting the quantity of water in the reservoirs and that supplied to different districts during the year 1893 (which were omitted from the last report), and during the past year will be found in the appendices A., A1., B., and C.

44. Maintenance of Sewers.-The sewers and storm water drains have as far as practicable been maintained in a satisfactory condition during the past year without any exceptional expenditure.

45. That complaints have been received of the smell arising from some of the storm water drains I am fully aware, but it must be borne in mind that so long as decomposing matter is discharged into sewers or drains, smells are inevitable and in order to avoid them it is absolutely necessary that not only the public sewers but also each and every house drain must be so arranged as to permit of their contents being discharged before decomposition sets in, and further care should be taken not to store sewage up on private premises till it attains a state of decomposition and becomes so offensive that it can no longer be endured in close proximity to human habitations, and then discharge it down a drain.

Everybody knows that any fluid that has a strong odour whether it be cabbage water, otto of roses, or anything else, will carry with it that odour wherever it goes, and if foul smells are not to be emitted from sewer ventilators it is of primary importance that the sewage discharged into the sewers should be fresh.

46. Difficulty is at present experienced in preventing foul smells arising from the large storm water drains on account of their large capacity and the small flow in them during the dry season, and this has been somewhat aggravated during recent years by the dilatory manner in which the recon- struction of defective and insanitary house drains and their connection with the new sewerage system has been proceeded with. The whole of the house drains should be put in a thoroughly sanitary condition and connected with the new sewers without delay. It must be remembered the new system of sewers has been designed to be practically self-cleansing with the dry weather flow, but so long as these sewers are deprived of half the dry weather flow owing to the house drains being unconnected with them it cannot be a cause of surprise to any thoughtful person that the full advantage of the system should not be gained. And further dilatory procedure in the disconnecting of the house-drains from the storm water drains only aggravates the nuisance that has existed for years in connection with these drains by reducing the dry weather flow in them, and the polluting of the sub-soil by sewage escaping from many of them.

47. It is hardly conceivable after the various reports and discussions that have been recorded that there should exist any such idea that the new system of sewers had diverted the storm water from the old drains, and yet I find it recorded in the mail issue of the Daily Press, June 27th, 1894, that at a meeting of the Sanitary Board a member stated that the carrying out of the new system diverted storm waters of the Colony from the old fashioned storm water drains by which alone these drains were kept in order. It is interesting to note that in the opinion of this member the flow of storm water is necessary to keep these drains in order. This I have always contended is the case so long as they receive sewage, and their inevitable condition during the dry season of the year when there is practically no storm water must be insanitary. That condition is one of the main reasons why I have always advocated diverting the sewage but not the storm water from the old storm water drains.

48. During the past year various questions relating to the introduction of the separate system and the advisability of having. open drains throughout the greater part of the City have been again brought forward in most cases by anonymous writers.

One member of the Sanitary Board, however, stated that in his opinion no drains should be laid under the floor of any house and if it was not possible to adopt any other course than to bring it through the house the pipe should be laid above the floor. That gentleman, however, did not explain how the difficulty of many of the cook-house floors being level with or below the remaining portion of the ground floor of the house was to be got over in view of the fact that water will not run up hill.

290

49. It would only be a waste of time on my part to deal in detail with the various questions raised evidently by persons with no practical knowledge of the arrangement of Chinese houses, elementary hydraulics, or of what is meant by the separate system as being introduced into the City of Victoria and by persons who have not even taken the trouble to read the various published reports on the sanitation and drainage of Hongkong.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $4,241.17.

50. Street Lighting.-The lighting of the City by gas and electricity and of Kowloon Point and Yaumati by gas has been satisfactorily carried out by the Gas and Electric Companies under their respective contracts.

The total number of gas lamps within the City, exclusive of 15 in the cantonment, is 637, and the number of electric lights 75. The number of gas lamps in Kowloon Point and Yaumati is 84.

The expenditure under this heading of account has been $48,206.33.

51. Maintenance of Public Recreation Ground.-The Recreation Ground in Happy Valley has been maintained in a satisfactory condition at a small cost, viz., $587.46.

LAND SURVEY BRANCH.

52. During the past year four land sales have taken place, the area sold being 948,350 square feet including about 20 acres situated in the Sookunpoo Valley which was purchased on the 27th December last for the purpose of constructing reservoirs. Premium realized $64,605. Annual Crown rents $1,620.

53. Extensions to existing lots of a total area of 78,652 square feet have been granted. Premiums realized $8,247.30. Annual Crown rents $683,98.

54. Surveys have been made, boundaries corrected, and plans and particulars forwarded to the Land Office for the issue of 33 new leases.

A complete survey of the Kowloon Peninsula has been completed and plotted to a scale of 500. Enlarged plans of the villages have also been prepared.

Boundary stones have been fixed to define 15 lots.

55. As will be seen from the following tabular statements 1,543 squatter's licenses have been issued, the fees for which amount to $5,498.13.

SUMMARY OF LICENSES ISSUED, 1894.

VILLAGES.

PAID.

UNPAID.

TOTAL NUMBER.

No.

$ c.

No.

Ab Kung Ngam,

0.96

Aplichau,

Bowrington,

Causeway Bay,

Caroline Hill,

Chai Wan,

Coffee Plantation,

Chung Hom Bay,...

Deep Water Bay,

381.82

...

10.92

55.91

...

25.00

...

7.45

1.87

73.73

2.66

Fuk Tsun Heung,

Fo Pang,

2188

2.82

220.77

11.33

53.91

0.07

220

Fui Tu, East of Aplichau,

25.66

Do., South of Aplichau,

10.66

...

Hok Tsui,

0.48

0.86

Ho Mun Tin,

120.90

Hok Yuen,

116

302.07

116

Hau Pui Loong,

Ho Pui,

...

Hung Hom West, Kai Lung Wan, *. Kau Pui Shek, Kennedytown,

Kwat Tsun Loong,

Kwo Lo Wan, Ka Shui Wan, Little Hongkong, Ma Tau Chung,

33.83

3.75

204.81

5.16

6.00

288

43.65

11.52

52.38

1.13

...

49.11

...

1.87

9.08

166.48

2.24

68.97

Ma Tau Kok,

Carried forward,....

608

1,932.94

36.89.

636

NOTE. In these villages Owners of Property have been placed on the Treasury. Rent Roll in accordance with the recommendations of the

Squatters' Board,

SUMMARY OF LICENSES ISSUED, 1894,-Continued.

VILLAGES.

PAID.

No.

UNPAID.

No.

291

TOTAL NUMBER.

Brought forward,...

608

1,932.94

36.89

636

Ma Tau Wai,

134

200.87

0.37

135

Ma Ti,

131.09

Mong Kok,

121.74

Mong Kok Tsui,

Ma Kong,

Pak Shui Wan,

1,241.81

...

0.75

9.55

Pokfulam, *

11.84

Quarry Bay,

Sandy Bay,

Shaukiwan East,

Shaukiwan West,

Shek 'O,

Shek Shan,

Shui Ching Wan,..

Stanley,

Sun Shan,.

Tai Hang, *

Tai Kok Tsui, Tai Min Tin,..

Tai Shek Ku,

67.67

154.29

Shallow Water Bay,

1.75

1.69

0.66

189.66

3.96

13.71

2.34

62.37

69.49

3.12

13.37

6.38

56.97

94.14

138

387.64

138

0.86.

6.45

Tai Shu Wan,

2.14

To Kwa Wan,

201

305.20

201

Tong Po Island,

5.68

0.40

Tsat Tsz Mui,

104.26

0.05

Tso Pai,

4.36

...

Tung Lo Wan,

13.75

...

Tytam,

3.79

1.00

Tytam Tuk,

1.34

4.61

The Peak,...

43.68

Victoria, City of

Wong Nai Chung,

Wong Kok Tsui,

Wong Ma Kok,*

Wong Tsuk Hang, Yaumati,

15 10 12 1

29.54

133.55

5.55

...

0.48

1.00

12.93

75522

61.23

Total,......

1,543

5,498.13

60.78

1,597

NOTE.-* In these villages Owners of Property have been placed on the Treasury Rent Roll in accordance with the recommendations of the

Squatters' Board.

56. There is, I regret to say, $60.78 outstanding which it has been found impossible at present to collect though it is satisfactory to note that the arrears for the past year are considerably less than in previous years and active steps are being taken to secure their immediate payment.

A sum of $587.54 has been collected in respect of arrears prior to 1894, leaving $38.16 still to be collected.

57. Plans and particulars have been forwarded to the Land Office for the issue of leases in respect of the claims reported on by the Squatters' Board in the villages of Wongnaichung, Aberdeen, Pokfulam, Ah Kung Ngam, Shaukiwan district, Tai Hang, and Kai Lung Wan. Those in respect of the villages of Wongnaichung, Aberdeen and Pokfulam were completed prior to 1894.

Owing to the settlement of the above claims the inajority of the owners of property in those vil- lages are now on the Treasury Rent Roll.

WORK UNDER THE BUILDING ORDINANCE.

58. During the past year 14 plans for the erection of 86 European dwellings, 19 plans for the erection of 199 Chinese dwellings, besides 209 plans for miscellaneous structures, have been deposited under Section 69 of Ordinance 15 of 1889.

59. Seventy-four certificates have been issued under Section 53 of Ordinance 15 of 1889.

60. Permission has been granted to erect 18 verandahs, and 12 piers over Crown Land.

61. Notices have been issued to remove or repair dangerous structures in 54 instances, and 784 miscellaneous notices and permits have been issued.

62. Permits have been issued for the erection and repair of 34 monuments and enclosures in the colonial cemetery, the fees for which amount to $8.16.

63. All plans deposited have been duly registered and numbered and the registers are complete

up to date.

292

EXTRAORDINARY PUBLIC WORKS.

64. Central Market.-Considerable progress has been made towards the completion of this building and there now remains little to be done besides the completion of the approaches and erecting a few stalls and fittings.

1890

65. Slaughter-house, Pig and Sheep Depôts.-C.S.O.'s 38 and 2939. This work has been completed. The buildings consist on the uppermost or western terrace of blocks Nos. 1, 2 and 3. Block No. 1 containing cattle lairs with a floor space of 1,508 square feet, cubic space of 15,529 accommodating 68 head. Cattle Slaughter-house with a floor area of 2,099 square feet. Sheep lairs with a floor space of 677 square feet, cubic space of 12,529 accommodating 100 head. The Sheep Indian and Jewish Slaughter-houses having floor areas of 998 square feet, 325 square feet and 325 square feet respectively.

Block No. 2 being a cooling-house with a floor area of 2,647 square feet and cubic capacity of 48,980 cubic feet. Overhead travellers are fitted in connection with this building and the Cattle Slaughter-house to facilitate the conveyance of carcasses.

Block No. 3 consists of Pig Slaughter-house with a floor area of 2,275 square feet, and Pig lair with a floor area of 3,166 square feet and a cubic capacity of 44,324 cubic feet accommodating 380 pigs.

The Pig Slaughter-house is provided with scalders to which hot water is laid on.

On this terrace are also situated out-buildings and offices for sub-inspectors.

On the second terrace are situated three sheds having a combined floor area of 18,290 square feet and a cubic capacity of 274,365 cubic feet providing accommodation for 600 sheep and 1,600 pigs, and also coolie quarters to accommodate 50 coolies.

The sheep and pig sheds and lairs are divided into pens by iron railings and gates. Suitable iron troughs are provided with water laid on in each pen. The fittings throughout are as far as practicable

of iron.

All the floors are of concrete rendered with cement, and all yards and other open spaces are concreted.

On the third terrace adjoining the entrance only an office and coolie quarters have been constructed leaving the remainder available for erecting two more sheds having a total floor area of 5,757 square feet and a cubic capacity of 83,476 cubic feet providing further accommodation when required for 1,440 head of sheep or pigs.

66. The whole of the buildings have been constructed of red Canton brick with granite stone dressings.

The entire area is enclosed with an iron railing.

67. The cost of preparing the terraces on the hill side which necessitated heavy retaining walls was $29,000, and that of erecting buildings, fittings, &c., and all other works has been $58,933, making a total of $87,933.

68. An overseer's house consisting of three rooms with necessary bath room and out-building accommodation has been erected on the hill side above the depôt. The entire area occupied by the premises including buildings, roads, &c., is 93,247 square feet.

69. The premises were handed over to the Sanitary Board on the 31st December last.

70. Gaol Extension.-Very good progress has been made with this work, the walls of one block are nearly ready to receive the roof and those of the second are 16 feet above ground level.

71. Kowloon New Roads, (C.S.O..)-These have been completed, and the erection of build- ings on lots abutting on Granville and Carnarvon Roads has been commenced.

72. New Water Mains.-A small expenditure has been incurred under this heading in extensions necessary to meet the requirements of the owners of new premises.

73. Sewerage of Victoria.-During the past year, work was commenced in the Eastern Districts of the City, and, with the exception of the intercepting syphons proposed to be ultimately constructed, is drawing near completion.

Four miles of main sewers, varying in size from 15 to 6 inches in diameter, have been laid, and 93 manholes have been constructed.

water.

74. The outfall of the sewers in District 3 West has been completed and now discharges into deep

That for District 2 West has been extended across the reclamation.

75. There now exist within the City nearly 30 miles of sewers recently constructed in accordance with the scheme approved in 1889.

76. Water Supply, Kowloon Peninsula, (C.S.O. 18.)-Considerable progress has been made with this work. The three wells have been sunk and dams completed in two valleys Nos. 1 and 3 and the work in valley No. 2 is proceeding.

Eight and three-fourths miles of mains from 7 inch to 3 inch diameter have been laid.

The service reservoirs at Yaumati and Hunghom have been completed and the clear water tank at Yaumati is well advanced.

The necessary drawings and specifications have been prepared for the erection of the pumping station and adjoining buildings.

The pumping machinery and boilers have arrived and it is anticipated that during the present year water under adequate pressure will be laid on to Yaumati, Kowloon Point and Hunghom.

293

77. Extension of MacDonnell and Austin Roads, Kowloon, (C.S.O. 1535).-This work has not proceeded very satisfactorily and a good deal of trouble has been experienced with the contractor. It is, however, now drawing near completion.

SUPPLEMENTARY WORKS.

78. Erection of the Queen's Statue, (C.S.O. 295.)-A contract has been entered into for the preparation of the foundations for the erection of the Queen's Statue in commemoration of the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen VICTORIA, and active operations on the site near the City Hall will shortly be commenced.

79. Extensum of Tytam Waterworks, (C.S.O. 1994.)—A contract has been entered into for raising the water level in the Tytam reservoir 10 feet, by which it is hoped that an additional storage capacity of 100,000,000 gallons will be obtained. The work was commenced just before the close of the year, plans being approved by the Public Works Committee 28th November, 1894, and adopted by the Legislative Council 6th December, 1894.

PROPOSED WORKS.

80. Kowloon Cattle Depôt, (C.S.O. 3.)-Married Quarters Central Police Station, (C.S.O. 144.)-Signalling Station Kowloon, (C.S.O. 7433.)—Village Water, Drainage and Sewerage Works. The above works appear in the estimates for this year, and it is hoped that the first three will be commenced at an early date.

81. Water and Drainage Works are required in many of the villages, which will include the formation of streets, roads, and efficient drainage. Some of the villages have during recent years grown considerably, and contain buildings of a substantial character. Several improvements during the last two years have been effected in the alignment and position of buildings, and the time has arrived when it is absolutely necessary that more attention should be paid to the formation and drainage of the streets and to the public water supply in these localities for the protection of the health of the residents.

82. Approximate plans and estimates have been prepared for the erection of new Government Offices, and doubtless considering the much needed provision of improved accommodation the Legis- lative Council will at an early date be asked to vote the money necessary to meet the expenditure on these buildings.

GENERAL.

83. During the past year the progress of the public works in hand and the preparation of the necessary plans, &c. for proceeding with others of a more or less urgent nature have been naturally impeded by the prevalence of the bubonic plague.

An account of the terrible ravages made by this disease and the various precautions it will in the future be necessary to take to prevent it again assuming an epidemic form does not come within the scope of this report.

During the months of May, June, and July, nearly the whole of the Public Works staff was more or less engaged in grappling with the difficulties experienced in stamping the disease out, erecting temporary hospitals, &c., and disposing of the remains of the dead.

84. On my return to the Colony last October I found an Ordinance had just been passed resuming: large portion of Taipingshan. As this Ordinance came almost immediately into force and apparently no definite scheme for arriving at the amount of compensation to be offered by the Government to the owners of property nor for the future disposal of the property resumed had been prepared, these matters obtained my earliest attention and have engaged a large proportion of my time since my return.

85. As the question of compensation is referred to a Board of Arbitrators I abstain from making any remarks on the subject, but I wish to place it on record that I am informed that my locum tenens in the office of Director of Public Works was neither consulted by the Government, at the time the Bill was drafted, on the provisions of the Ordinance nor on the necessity of resuming the whole of the area included within its operation.

86. The special works arising out of the epidemic of bubonic plague carried out under the super- vision of this department were the preparation of plague cemeteries at Happy Valley, Kennedytown and Sandy Bay, Matshed Hospitals at Kennedytown, Temporary Cattle Depôt at Kennedytown, Walling in portions of the native quarter of the City since resumed by Government. The services of Mr. CROOK, Executive Engineer, and Mr. DOUGHERTY, Overseer, were placed at the disposal of the Sanitary Board Permanent Committee.

87. The expenditure incurred on work carried out under the supervision of this department is returned in appendix under heading plague expenditure.

88. Expenditure. The expenditure on account of Establishment and Annually Recurrent Works will be found in Appendix E, and that on account of Extraordinary Public Works in Appendix F.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

89. Section No. 1, Eastern portion.-The weighting of the rubble stone foundations was completed on the 16th May. The setting of the second course of concrete blocks was commenced on the 5th May and completed on the 27th September, except two landings (which had to be specially made) for the bottom of the landing steps, and these were completed during the low tides of the 14th and 15th December.

294

On the 21st February, a Contract No. 8 was made with TSANG KENG for the completion of the upper portion of the sea wall above the concrete blocks, construction of storm water drains, filling in and reclaiming the land, forming, channelling and concreting the footpaths, &c.; 2,629 cubic yards of rubble stone have been laid (hand packed) in embankment and backing of sea wall, 37,338 cubic yards of earth filled in and rammed in reclamation, 19,920 cubic feet of granite ashlar set in cement mortar in sea wall and storm water drains, 308 cubic yards of Portland cement concrete backing of sea wall and 382 cubic yards of lime concrete backing of masonry of storm water drains, &c., have been deposited in place; fairly good progress has been made on this contract.

Filling below Datum, 756 cubic yards of earth has been deposited by Hopper Barges.

90. Section No. 2.--The works under contract No. 3y of July 1892, for the construction of the upper portion of the sea wall above the concrete blocks, construction of storm water drains, filling in and reclaiming the land, forming, channelling and concreting the footpaths, &c. The works under this contract were suspended or nearly so for about four months on account of the plague, the work- men having run away as soon as the rubbish from the infected houses in Taipingshan was brought on to the reclaimed land to be burnt, and, during the remaining portion of the year, they were carried on by the contractor in a dilatory and unsatisfactory manner; the work executed being 829 cubic yards rubble stone (hand packed) Lacking of sea wall and embankment, 29,411 cubic yards of earth filled in and rammed, 26,899 cubic feet granite ashlar set in cement mortar, 789 cubic yards of Portland cement and lime concrete, 6,640 superficial feet granite side channels and curbs, 13,650 superficial feet lime concrete on footpath, 29 gullies with outlet pipes, &c., fixed complete.

91. The storm water drain in Queen's Road and Centre Street, contract No. 2, was after many delays and difficulties completed on the 31st May, about 15 months after the contract time. The work under this contract was taken much below its real value, consequently the work was carried on in a dilatory and unsatisfactory manner, the contractor losing the little money he had, absconded in February, the contract was then transferred to TSANG KENG and finally completed by him on the 2nd June, 1894.

92. Section No. 3.-Very little progress has been made on this section on account of the time required for weighting and consolidating the rubble stone foundations. The weighting of the rubble stone foundations was commenced on the 7th April and continued to the end of the year, during which time 951 lineal feet have been consolidated.

93. The filling and reclaiming the land below Datum is now completed as high as practicable, this work being done departmentally by Hopper Barges and spoil from Dredger, 21,522 cubic yards of earth and mud having been deposited therein during the year.

94. The upper surface of the rubble stone foundations of storm water drains, (C.S.O. 1884), was trimmed, levelled and covered with lime concrete during the low tides of July and August, 113 cubic yards of lime concrete and 662 cubic yards of rubble stone being used for that purpose.

95. Sections Nos. 6 and 7, Eastern and Western portion. A contract No. 9 was entered into with TSANG KENG on the 11th April last, for the construction of the rubble stone foundations of sea wall, (968 lineal feet), landing piers, storm water drains, embankment, &c.; and, on the 29th April, he commenced to drive and fix the guide piles, &c., for marking out the lines of the proposed found- ations, and, for that purpose, 49 piles containing about 5,150 cubic feet of timber had to be driven, and 1,390 cubic feet of timber fixed in walings, braces, &c.; the whole being completed on the 30th June. During the months of June, July and August, comparatively very little work was done on this contract; the requisite number of coolies and junks could not be obtained on account of the plague, consequently only 95,068 cubic yards of rubble stone have been deposited in the foundations, instead of about 130,000 cubic yards, the upper surface of the foundations will, therefore, have to be trimmed and levelled by divers to allow the setting of the first course of concrete blocks being commenced during the first low tides of May 1895.

96. Filling and reclaiming the land below Datum, 61,144 cubic yards of earth has been deposited by Hopper Barges, and 10,556 cubic yards of mud and sand have been deposited by junks from Dredger.

97. The temporary wharf opposite Ice House Street, contract No. 2, was after many delays and difficulties completed aud opened to traffic on the 27th June. The timber required in its construc- tion having been lost in the wreck of the Penshaw on a voyage from Manila to Hongkong on the 21st February, 1893, and a fresh supply had to be ordered by CHAN A TONG, the Contractor.

98. Section No. 7, Eastern portion, contract No. 9. The completion of the upper portion of Sea Wall and Reclamation on a length of 1,130 feet, the work under this contract was suspended for about nine months, to allow the sewer pipes, gas and water mains being laid, and the ground to settle and consolidate during the heavy rains of summer, the work being resumed in November 1893, and completed on the 18th September, 1894.

The following work was done during the year, viz.:-4,180 cubic yards of earth supplied for filling and levelling the roads, land, &c.; 1,540 lineal feet granite curbs set; 1,070 lineal feet granite side channels, 3 feet wide, and 2,570 lineal feet, 2'. 6" wide, were laid; 208,500 superficial feet lime concrete, 6" deep, laid, watered and rolled on roads; 63,900 superficial feet lime concrete, 4" thick, laid, watered and rolled on footpaths; 27,500 superficial feet lime concrete laid under curbs and channels; and 3,750 superficial feet granite paving taken up, re-squared, and re-laid in cement mortar.

295

99. Plant.—The whole of the plant has been maintained in a satisfactory state of repair without involving any extraordinary expenditure The steam travelling crane has been laid up during the year, as it was found that the concrete blocks could be set quicker and at a much less cost by manual labour, using a derrick and winch, than by steam crane; and the block making having been suspended, except the making of 36 special and face blocks, which were made on the Praya and removed by the floating crane.

100. Work executed. In appendix G will be found a statement shewing generally the work executed in the more important items up to the 31st December, 1893, and during the past year.

101. Accounts.—In appendix H will be found a statement of accounts. Outstanding liabilities amount to about $46,800 mainly due to the monies retained pending the completion of contracts in hand.

STAFF.

102. I regret to have to report the death of Mr. GEORGE ALLAN, Overseer, who died on board steamer on his way to Australia, September 25th. Mr. F. A. PEARSON was appointed his successor on the 18th December, C.S.O. 2245.

Mr. R. EAGAR, Overseer, died on the 6th of October, and Mr. J. MEARS was appointed his successor on the 19th November, C.S.O. 1894

2613

Mr. H. MASON, Overseer, died on the 8th of September, and Mr. J. MILLAR was appointed his successor on the 7th November, C.S.O. 144.

103. Mr. W. BEAVIN, Overseer, resigned on the 1st of January, and Mr. S. T. MOORE was promoted to the vacancy, C.S.O. 2433.

Mr. F. D. DRAPER, Water Inspector, resigned on the 1st October, and Mr. A. W. MILLAR was appointed to fill the vacancy on the 7th November, C.S.O. 44.

Mr. V. H. THOMPSON, Watchman, Pokfulam Reservoir, resigned on the 20th September, and Mr. W. SAMUEL was promoted to the vacancy, C.S.O. 2487

1894*

104. Mr. CHAN SING FONG, Tracer, was dismissed on the 26th May, and Mr. TANG A MIN was appointed to the vacancy, 1st July, C.S.O. 1974.

105. Mr. J. MINHINNETT, Overseer, was transferred on the 13th December to the Praya Recla mation Works, C.S.O. 4334.

PRAYA RECLAMATION BRANCH.

106. Mr. W. BIDGOOD, Överseer, after six months' leave of absence in England dating from the 12th October, 1893, C.S.O. 354, was re-engaged for a further term of three years, and returned to the Colony on the 9th May.

Mr. C. BIDGOOD, Overseer, was discharged on the 24th of January, C.S.O..

Mr. NICHOLLS resigned on the expiration of the term of his engagement the 12th December. 107. The following Officers, granted leave in 1893, returned to duty during the year:—

Mr. F. A. COOPER, Director of Public Works, returned, after eleven months' leave, on the 10th October, in accordance with instructions received from the Secretary of State, dated the 19th June, 1894, C.S.O. 1373.

Mr. J. G. GUTIERREZ, Clerk, returned after twelve months' leave on the 10th July, C.S.O.

1604 1893.

108. In appendix K will be found particulars of the leave granted to various officers during the year 1894.

109. During the absence of Mr. F. A. COOPER, Director of Public Works, Mr. BOWDLER undertook his duties in connection with the Praya Reclamation Works, and was appointed a Member of Executive and Legislative Councils. Mr. CHATHAM was appointed Acting Director of Public Works and on his going on leave in April Mr. TOOKER temporarily succeeded him.

Mr. CROOK was appointed Water Authority.

110. On comparing this report with previous ones it will be seen, as might be anticipated, that the work of this department is annually increasing with the growth and development of the Colony.

I attach in appendix Ja statement in which will be found various particulars from which it will be seen that during the last year the cost of the staff compared with the expenditure falls considerably below what it was in previous years.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Member of the Institute of Civil Engineers, Fellow of the Sanitary Institute, and Member of the Association

of Municipal and County Engineers. Director of Public Works.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

Appendix A.

CITY OF VICTORIA WATERWORKS.

1893.

296

POKFULAM.

TYTAM.

MONTH.

In Reservoir

on the 1st

of Month.

Discharge

into

Tunnel.

Collected from Consumption. on the 1st Streams. of Month,

In Reservoir

Discharge

Collected

Total

Consumption.

into

Tunnel,

from Consumption. Streams.

gallons.

January,

February,

March,.......

464,000

(Included in)

Tytam.

April,.

May,

June,

July,

August,

....

September,

October,

Novembor,

December,

gallons. gallons. gallons. gallons. gallons.

39,800,000 16,143,000 16,597,000 164,000,000 60,175,000 10,383,000 70,558,000

29,400,000 15,904,000 15,409,000 102,000,000 54,008,000 9,419,000 63,427,000 16,300,000 12,970,000 1,393,000 14,363,000 46,000,000 39,976,000 6,520,000 46,496,000 8,700,000 10,941,000 3,032,000 13,973,000 14,000,000 24,125,000 7,174,000 $1,299,000 31,400,000 13,531,000 10,939,000 24,470,000 50,000,000 32,401,000 31,520,000 63,921,000 66,400,000 24,570,000 3,590,000 28,160,000 239,000,000 39,604,000 35,493,000 73,097,000 66,200,000 21,104,000 7,966,000 29,070,000 312,000,000 35,867,000 45,896,000 2,077,000 21-22 4

66,400,000 21,082,000 9,685,000 30,767,000 312,000,000 50,021,000 28,758,000 109,546,000 6,544,000 8.733 66,300,000 22,862,000 7,570,000 30,432,000 312,000,000 35,560,000 41,218,000 76,778,000 107,210,000 5,753,000 15-03 3 66,400,000 21,828,000 6,580,000 28,408,000 312,000,000 35,962,000 39,329,000 75,291,000 103,699,000 4,787,000 17.01 1 Fire. 66,300,000 18,305,000 3,288,000 21,593,000 311,000,000 52,396,000 27,797,000 80,193,000 101,786,000 6,744,000 60,300,000 21,376,000 660,000 22,036,000 276,000,000 57,462,000 21,229,000 78,691,000 100,727,000 8,805,000 0.05

gallons.

Consumption

from the

Blue Pool

and

Mint Dam

Reservoirs.

Rainfall.

gallons. inches.

REMARKS.

87,155,000

4,129,000 1.53 3 Fires.

78,836,000

1,999,000 0:46 2

60,859,000

45,272,000 5,327,000

88,391,000 6,966,000 | 16-13 1 Fire.

2,078,000 3.33 2

8.43 3

103,257,000 6,518,000

7:09 2 Fires.

81,763,000

78,779,000

110,833,000

4 Fires.

Totals,......

220,616,000

55,157,000 275,278,000

517,557,000 304,736,000 822,293,000 1,097,571,000 61,727,000 99-06 33 Fires.

Appendix A 1.

CITY OF VICTORIA WATERWORKS.

1894.

POKFULAM.

TYTAM.

MONTH.

In Reservoir

on the 1st

of Month.

Discharge

into

Tunnel.

Collected

from

Streams.

In Reservoir

Discharge Collected

Total

Consumption.

Consumption. on the 1st

of Month.

into

Tunnel.

from

Streams.

Consumption.

gallons.

January,

46,242,000 16,384,000

735,000

gallons.

17,119,000 229,700,000

gal ons.

February,

March,...

1,152,000

April,

May,

June,

July,

August,.

...

September,

October,

November,

December,

gallons. 62,086,000 16,791,000 78,877,000

35,211,000 13,320,000 14,472,000 156,500,000 58,179,000 15,018,000 73,197,000 27,760,000 14,427,000 473,000 14,900,000 94,600,000 56,858,000 13,372,000 70,230,000 13,710,000 8,857,000 1,537,000 10,894,000 33,800,000 28,036,000 8,621,000 36,657,000 10,104,000 14,879,000 2,518,000 17,397,000 13,950,000 25,636,000 18,925,000 44,561,000 64,945,000 18,953,000 5,624,000 24,577,000 139,200,000 17,079,000 48,595,000 65,674,000 66,330,000 18,186,000 6,109,000 24,295,000 312,000,000 35,766,000 28,565,000 64,331,000 66,330,000 22,264,000 4,189,000 26,453,000 312,000,000 33,473,000 40,452,000 73,925,000 66,234,000 21,859,000 5,106,000 26,965,000 312,000,000 38,137,000 31,662,000 69,799,000 66,330,000 15,959,000 10,213,000 26,172,000 312,000,000 20,048,000 52,735,000 72,783,000 66,282,000 17,040,000 3,387,000 20,427,000 321,500,000 47,654,000 26,526,000 74,180,000 61,512,472 17,608,000 942,000 18,550,000 290,000,000 55,402,000 20,471,000 75,873,000 94,423,000

gallons.

Consumption

from the

Blue Pool

and

Mint Dam

Reservoirs.

Rainfall.

gallons. finches.

REMARKS.

95,996,000 4,525,000 0-895 3 Fires.

87,669,000

4,524,000 0.580 4 ""

85,130,000

3,487,000 0.270 2

Supply

Intermittent.

47,051,000

4,315,000 2.485 4

61,958,000

4,212,00020-010 2

90,251,000

11,472,000 16·540 2

88,626,000

100,378,000

2,824,000 9.475 1 Fire. 6,460,000 16-530 3 Fires.

96,764,000

8,774,000 19-110

98,955,000

7,801,000 17-570 5 Fires.

94,607,000

5,701,000 0-030 1 Fire.

7,761,000 0755 3 Fires.

Totals,..

199,736,000 41,985,000 241,721,000

478,354,000 321,733,000 800,087,000 1,041,808,000

71,856,000 104.250 30 Fires.

297

298

Appendix B.

HONGKONG WATER WORKS, 1894.

Water pumped to Hill District and Higher Levels of the City of Victoria.

Hill District.

Month.

Total pumped to Peak Road Hill Reservoir.

Belilios Terrace

Reservoir South of the

Reservoir.

Motor.

Engine.

District.

Pokfulam Filter Beds.

Total to High Level of City.

Total Pumped.

gallons.

gallons,

gallons.

780,288

152,465

932,753

393,209

1,033,141

1,426,350

2,359,103

January,

February,

634,844 227,653

862,497

345,375

911,758

1,257,133 2,119,630

478,659

471,164

949,823

363,406

855,436

81,815

1,300,657

2,250,480

March,

April,

428,541

May,

1,174,530

658,560 658,560 397,315 825,856 1,174,530

282.203

468,237

194,421

944,861 1,603,421

June,

July,

1,324,135

1,385,936

August,

1,363,665

September,.

1,289,288

63,857

October,

1,078,887

November,

December,

245,808 803,563 399,434 976,930 1,324,135 408,190 1,067,846 1,385,936 459,497 1,092,545 1,363,665 461,941 1,122,100 1,353,145 429,146| 1,253,739 130,776 | 1,209,663 447,459 1,198,515 944,255 249,907 1,194,162 431,094 1,187,559

476,782

1,526,153 | 2,352,009

1,376,364 2,550,894

1,476,036 2,800,171

10,883,028 2,351,697 13,234,725 4,666,762 11,971,369

1,552,042 | 2,937,978 1,584,041 2,947,706

64,978 1,747,863 3,101,008

| 1,645,974 2,855,637 1,618,653 2,812,815

817,996 17,456,127 30,690,852

Appendix C.

HONGKONG WATER WORKS, 1894.

Supply to City and Hill District.

Month,

Unmetered.

Metered.

Wongnei- chong and Mint Dam

Total Supply.

Grand Total.

City.

Hill City and Hill District. District.

Water supply by Meter.

Unmetered.

Metered.

Mean

Minimum

Temperature,

0°* Fab.

gallons. gallons. gallons.

gallons.

January, February, March,

April,

May,

June,

July,

87,953,000

770,753 77,499,000

699,497 75,275,000 728,823 39,414,000 388,560 55,397,000 581,856 82,227,000 871,530 80,475,000 1,027,135 92,714,000 1,077,936

gallons. 9,147,000 4,525,000 88,723,753 10,054,000 4,524,000 78,198,497 11,500,000 3,487,000

gallons.

13,672,000

102,395,753

56.9

14,578,000

92,776,497

57.9

76,003,823

14,987,000

90,990,823

59.9

August,

September,

86,882,000 1,034,665

October, November,

90,501,000 1,055,145 82,954,000 946,663 83,611,000 984,162

7,211,000 4,315,000 6,593,000 4,212,000 8,202,000 11,472,000 83,098,530 8,156,000 2,824,000 81,502,135 7,838,000 6,460,000 93,791,936 9,712,000 8,774,000 87,916,665 8,304,000 7,801,000 91,556,145 11,419,000 5,701,000 83,900,663 10,698,000 7,761,000 84,595,162

39,802,560 55,978,856 10,805,000

11,526,000

51,328,560

68.2

66,783,856 73.8

19,674,000 10,980,000

102,772,530

76.4

92,482,135

76.3

14,298,000 108,089,936

77.2

18,486,000 106,402,665 16,105,000 107,661,145

77.6

70.6

17,120,000 101,020,663 18,459,000 103,054,162

65.9

58.0

December,

934,902,000 10,166,725 108,834,000 71,856,000 945,068,725 180,690,000 1,125,758,725

Appendix D.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centre,

March 29th, 1894.

6 AM

TI NOON I

16 PM.

NOTE. No. 2 Motor pumping till 11 P.M. and exhausting down Hollywood Road and up Square Street to No. 2 Tank.

No. 2 Tank also supplied direct by main along Caine Road from 14" main. Supply to City intermittent.

SCALE.

100,000 Gallons.

1 inch

NOTE.-Total

NOTE. Total Consumption

=1,984,711 Gallons.

82,696

Average Consumption=

299

301

Appendix D.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centre.

July 7th, 1894.

6AM-

NOON

น

MIDNICNT

SCALE.

1 inch 60,000 Gallons.

NOTE. Total Consumption

=3,284,904 Gallons,

Average hourly Consumption= 196,871

G P.M.

Appendix D.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centrs.

September 24th, 1894.

SA.M.

NOON

MIDNICHT

SCALE.

1 inch 60,000 Gallons.

NOTE. Total Consumption

=3,249,348 Gallons.

Average hourly Consumption= 135.390

303

G P.M.

Appendix D.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumpaon each hour is plotted radially from Centre.

December 17th, 1894.

6 A.M.!

NOON

MIDNIGHT

SCALE.

1 inch 60,000 Gallons.

NOTE.-Total Consumption

2,963,190 Gallons.

Average hourly Consumption 123,462

ગ

6.PM.

305

Personal Emoluments,

Other Charges,

Exchange Compensation,

Appendix E.

ANNUALLY RECURRENT EXPENDITURE, 1894.

Head of Service.

Amount.

1. Repairs to Buildings,

2. Maintenance of Telegraphs,

of Public Cemetery, of Praya Wall,

of Piers,

}

of Lighthouses,

8. Dredging Foreshores,

9. Miscellaneous Works,.

10. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Victoria,

11.

12.

out of Victoria,

in Kowloon,

13. Maintenance of Water Works,

14.

of Sewers, ...

15. Miscellaneous Services,

16. Gas Lighting City of Victoria,

17. Electric Lighting City of Victoria,

18. Gas Lighting Kowloon,

19. Maintenance of Public Recreation Ground,

20. Expenses of the Clock Tower,

Work.

307

$ 70,749.32 6,921.00

1,602.98

79,273.30

21,345.02

5,285.88

1,180.95

572.57

7.641.17

7,503.59

8,462.21

22,292.24

11,928.56

5,537.10

7,916.43

4,241.17

2,517.71

23,047.16

22,443.42

2,715.75

587.46

218.34

Total,.......

155,436.73

Appendix F.

EXTRAORDINARY EXPENDITURE, 1894.

1. Central Market,

2. Praya Reclamation, (Ordinance 16 of 1889), Government

Contribution, including reconstruction of Murray Pier, .

6. Slaughter House, Sheep and Pig Depôts,

7. Gaol Extension,

8. Kowloon New Roads,

10. New Streets, Kennedytown,..

11. New Water Mains,

12. Sewerage of Victoria,

13. Water Supply, Kowloon Peninsula,

15. Extension, MacDonnell and Austin Roads, Kowloon,

20. Village Water, Drainage and Sewerage Works,

£1. Plague Account,

Amount.

Total

Amount.

Estimated Cost.

Prior to 1894. During 1894.

$99

$ C.

165,833.13

59,130.44

224,963.57

270,000.00

....

221,132.92 11,802.19 232,935.11

429,678.07

1,005.60

49,153.85 29,758.57 78,912.42

38,388.08

20,726.58

39,174.81

166,042.32 1,134.15 167,176.47 200,000.00

182,466.24 32,802.63 215,268.87 282,500.00

24,442.32 60,926.05 85,368.37 180,000.00

5,175.83

94,000.00

22,187.49 60,575.57 96,000.00

4,327.52 25,054.10 25,000.00

3,000.00 42,174.81 50,000.00

6,181.43 13,000.00

726.13

52,321.25 52,321.25

Total,.....

908,365.85

283,292.25 1,191,658.10|1,640,178.07

Appendix G.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

..Statement of Works Executed, 31st December, 1894.

308

To 31ST DECEMBER, 1893.

DURING 1894.

TOTAL TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1894.

SECTIONS.

CONTRACT

No.

REMARKS.

Rubble.

Filling.

Ashlar. Concrete. Rubble.

Filling.

Ashlar. Concrete.

Rubble.

Filling.

Ashlar.

Concrete.

Section No. 1,..............

DJ & J S

cub. yds.

81,208

cub. yds.

cub. ft.

cub. yds. cub. yds.

cub. yds.

cub. ft.

cub. yds. cub. yds.

cub. yds.

cub. ft. cub. yds.

34,924

1613

81,208

34,924

1611

Do. No. 1,......!

12,080

756

12,836

Deposited by Barges.

Do. No. 1,......

145

2,629

37,338

19,920

690

2,629

37,338

19,920

690

...

Do. No. 2,...............

F fb & f #

117,001

52,254

17,837

335

3,363

130 117,001

52,254

21,200

465

Do. No. 2,......

1,831 125,337 13,900

966

Do. No. 3,.............

50 12 14

164,159

77,464

125

...

Do. No. 3,......

182,147

29,411

26,899

789

1,831

154,748

40,799

1,755

164,159

77,464

125

Do. No. 3,......

662

21,522

...

203,669

Deposited by Barges.

113

662

113

C.S.O. 1885

94.

...

Do. No. 7,.... 36 VI VT 32

131,077

86,000

60,953

2,1201

131,077

86,000

60,953

2,120

Do. No. 7,......

7,186 324,228

82,467

8,107

4,180

11,033

2,813

7,186 328,408

93,500 10,920

....

Do. Nos. 6-7,.

95,068

...

95,068

Do. No. 7 W.

10,556

***

Do. Nos. 6-7,.

...

61,144

...

Deposited by Junks from Dredger. Deposited by Barges.

...

502,462 894,434

175,157 11,815

98,359

164,907

61,215

4,535 600,821 | 1,059,341 236,372 16,350

Appendix H.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

Statement of Account to December 31st, 1894.

Section No. 1,

118,362.82

Contribu-

Contribu- Contribu- Contribu- Interest tion Receiv-tion Receiv- tion Receiv-tion Receiv- Account

Sections.

ed to 31st ed during ed during ed during Dec., 1891. 1892. 1893.

31st Dec.,

1894.

Expendi- Expendi- Total Receipts.ture to 31st ture during Dec., 1891. 1892.

Expendi- ture during ture during 1893.

Expendi-

1894.

Total

Expenditure.

Balance to Balance to Debit of

Fund.

Credit of

Fund.

帶 C.

ር.

77,468.45 29,497.36 3,096.05. 5,608.38

2,692.58

49,147.98

43,791.64 | 24,984.84| 46,758.18

164,682.64

46,319.82

No. 2,

42,671.75 132,938.85 12,771.55 31,397.10 1,781.41

221,510.66

90,467.89|49,612.81 35,455.12 36,245.99

211,781.81

9,728.85

No. 3,

113,103.59 116,585.69

14,928.75

244,618.03

71,712.99 | 112,573.89 | 33,075.47 31,593.99

248,956.34

4,338.31

No. 4,

37,635.10 14,299.07

1,234.78

8,224.11

No. 5,

No. 6,

64,901.50

130,947.14

3,360.00

11,729.96

23,804.77

No. 7,

79,067.11 62,321.19 29,765.89 | 23,021.78 12,108.31 545,794.64 359,002.16| 46,868.27| 60,027.26 75,219.89

61,393.06 9,666.66 7,019.62 1,822.21 7,063.88 79,991.46 14,191.79 14,215.46 154,751.91 22,507.39 27,669.30 5,666.04 53,029.15 206,284.28 58,605.94 77,925.38 9,600.81 51,701.26 1,086,912.22 |311,300.64 | 332,808.10|114,032.85 240,561.81

25,572.37

35,820 69

3,428.36 14,169,36

46,004.97

108,871.88

192,833.39

998,703.40

Govt. Section No. 4,

9,683.60

891.95

No. 5,

13,807.45

❤

No. 6,

11,704.25

458.92

912.35

No. 7,

| 64,804.70 10,000.00 144,609.40 20,000.00 100,000.00 10,000.00 | 144,609.40 | 20,000.00 645,794.64 369,002.16 191,477.67 80,027.26

285.01

2,548.23

77,768.12

10,575.55 1,257.91 1,260.26 303.87 14,266.37 3,938.71 4,213.30 1,003.11 12,616.60 2,155.47 2,119.82 544.73 239,699.11 80,776.47 111,086.04 12,473.23 10,156.55 277,157.63 88,128.56 118,679.42 14,324.94 11,802.19 1,364,069.85 399,429.20 451,487.52 | 128,357.79 252,364.00

233.81

3,055.85

774.39

9,929.51

637.44

5,457.46

214,492.29

33,986.49

45,880.03

13,450.89

50.658.13138,866.95

7,519.70

4,336.86

7,159.14

25,206.82

232,935.11

44,222.52

1,231,638.51

50,658.13 188,089.47

Reconstruction of Government Piers and Interest,..

41,745.07

Add Stock on hand,.

3,780.88

Difference in Interest Account,

.91

Amount deposited with Col. Government,.

100,000.00

Difference in Price of Cement,

3,065.94

Balance Cash on hand,

73,462.38

1,408,881.77

朋

1,408,881.77

309

310

Salaries charged in

Expenditure on Public Works.

Govt. Buildings exclusive of Gaol & Police Stations.

Years.

Total.

Pay Sheets.

Pay Lists.

Recurrent. Extraordinary

No.

Cost of Repair.

Appendix J.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, HONGKONG.

Statement of Salaries, Expenditure, &c. for the Years 1878, 1883, 1888, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894.

Communications from Colonial Secretary.

Letters despatched

Exclusive of Notices, Permits, Certificates.. &c., issued under Building and Water Works Ordinances and occupation of Crown Land by Squatters. References. Official to Govt. Departments.

Miscellaneous.

Cost of

Repairs of

Roads.

Separate

Papers.

1878,

36,113

5,504

41,617

142,022

11,560

22,660

153

No register

190

556

1883,

38,216

5,477

(1) 43,693

1888,

40,258

8,265

48,523

Included

in Extraor-

dinary.

Approx.)

kept.

258,044 | (1) 258,044

16,213

[30,000

266

342

254

493

401,383

25,102

40,381

167

374

260

369

1891,

73,166

12,960

86,126

93,297 | (2) 358,099 | (2) 451,396

102

(4) 24,506

(4) 38,209

1892,

73,978

15,312

1893, (5)..

72,329

1894,

70,616

89,290 (3) 166,718 | (2) 402,704 |(2,3) 569,422 72,329 (3) 149,669 (2,6) 204,040 (2,3) 353,709 70,616 177,277 271,553

106

33,981

40,2.16

107

24,762

40,355

573

1,122

433

922

448,830

108

21,371

39,758

782

1,201

551

655

(1) These figures are exclusive of expenditure on Taitam Water Works. All charges in connection therewith including supervision being charged direct to the Vote. (2) Exclusive of Expenditure on Praya Reclamation Work.

(3) In and since 1892. The cost of Gas and Electric Lighting for the City of Victoria and Kowloon has been charged to Annual Recurrent Works. 4) Prior to 1890 it was usual to obtain Special Votes for the repair of storm damages during every Summer. (5) The extension of the Water Works necessitated additional expenditure.

(6) The falling off in the expenditure on Extraordinary Public Works in 1893 is accounted for to some extent by the Officers' time being taken up in the preparation of Plans, &c. for Government Office Extension, Slaughter-House, Pig and Sheep Depôts, Government Stores, Kowloon Water Works, Water Supply Aberdeen and Shaukiwan, Sewerage of the Eastern District of the City of Victoria, Gaol Extension, Naval and Military Reclamation and the proposal to stop the Praya Reclamation Works.

In 1892 the offices of Surveyor General and Resident Engineer, Water and Drainage Department, were amalgamated under the title of Director of Public Works at the salary previously attached to the office of Surveyor General alone. The present systems of store accounting and general accounting were first introduced into the Department.

Fair average yearly expenditure is, on Annual Recurrent Works,

Extraordinary Public Works,

$ 150,000.00

300,000.00

Total,...$450,000.00

Actual cost in 1893 of Professional Services (other than Consulting Engineer) Supervision, Preparation of Plans, Accounts, Stores and whole clerical staff,...$ 72,329.08 Less Land Survey Branch and labourers,

14,280.00 $ 58,049.08 or

The approximate expenditure (exclusive of clerical staff) on Professional Services, Supervision, &c., Annually Recurrent Works includ-$25,000 or 16.7° of average expenditure.

per

cent. on average expenditure.

ing performance of duties under Building and Water Works Ordinances, Public Works Extraordinary,

15,000 or 5 % of

Name.

Office.

Appendix K.

RETURN OF LEAVE OF ABSENCE GRANTED DURING THE YEAR 1894.

Period.

Extended.

Commenced.

Ended.

Returned.

C.S.O.

C.O. Desp.

Remarks.

Tracer,

W. Chatham, J. R. Crook,

Do.,

R. F. Drury,. J. L. Prosser,

Sing Qua,

Do.,

Cheung Yan, Li King-pan,

Acting Director of Public Works,

Executive Engineer,

Do.,

Assistant Engineer,

Land Surveyor,..

14 days,

9 weeks,

23. 5.94,

14. 8.94,

1128 of 1894,

1 day,

22. 8.94,

23. 8.94,

2091 of 1894,

3 weeks,

1.11.94,

21.11.94,

22.11.94,

2716 of 1894,

Special leave not to be counted against him.

14 days,

7. 2.94,

20. 2.94,

6 months,

2 months,

15. 3.94,

15.11.94,

26. 2.91,

4.11.94,

Draftsman,

Do.,

2 weeks,

3. 1.94,

16. 1.94,

17. 1.94,

292 of 1894, 104 & 2830

of 1894,

2936 of 1893,

126 of 1894,

1 month,

24. 2.94,

24. 3.94,

31. 3.94,

In 2936 of 1×93,

3 weeks,

27. 6.94,

17. 7.94,

1610 of 1894,

Chinese Clerk,

2 months,

10. 1.94,

10. 3.94,

2907 of 1893,

3. 9.94,

3. 1.95,

1997 of 1894,

Lo Tsz-lam,

Do.,

Wong Lai-sang,

Do.,

3 weeks,

25. 4.94,

15. 5.94,

Chan Kam-to,..

Do.,

10 days,

29. 5.94,

5 weeks,

24. 9.94,

8. 6.94,

29.10.94,

16. 5.94,

9. 6.94,

875 of 1894,

1255 of 1894, 2312 of 1894,

G. Allan,....

Overseer,

1 month,

17. 9.94,

17.10.94,

C. Grant,

Foreman,

3. 1.94,

3. 2.94,

P. J. d'Almeida,.

Do.,

17. 7.94,

16. 8.94,

15.10.94,

3. 2.94,

17. 8.94,

2338 of 1894,| 2920 of 1893,|

Died on board ship ou his way to Australia, 25th Sept., 1894. (C.S.O. 2945 of 1894.)

1767 of 1894,

Thomas Abraham,

Do.,

14 days,

25. 5.94,

7. 6.94,

9. 7.94,

1254 of 1894,

Kong Lin, ...

Do.,

3 weeks,

5. 9.94,

25. 9.94,

2234 of 1894,

Cheung Koy Fong,......

Do.,

Cheng Chung,

Compradore,

4 days,

7. 4.94,

10. 4.94,

11. 4.94,

Permit by Director of Public Works.

Do.

20. 8.94,

24. 8.94,

25. 8.94,

Do.

Do.,

22. 6.94,

28. 6.94,

29. 6.94,

De.

Pang Fook,...

Head Office Coolic,

Lam A-tai,

Cheung Kwong,.

Do.,

Telephone Coolie, Office Messenger,

Do.,

11. 6.94,

14. 6.94,

21. 6.94,

Do.

1 week,

3. 7.94,

9. 7.94,

10. 7.94,

2 weeks,

14. 7.94,

27. 7.94,

28. 7.94,

1774 & 3121

of 1894,

311

521

No. 35

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF THE PUBLIC WORKS DURING THE FIRST HALF-YEAR 1895.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

No. 331.

PUBLIC WORks Office, HONGKONG, 3rd August, 1895.

SIR,I have the honour to report on the work of this department for the first half of the current year as follows:-

ANNUAL RECURRENT WORKS,

2. Repairs to Buidings.-The ravages of white ants have necessitated considerable expenditure on some of the Government buildings, especially on Queen's College, the Lunatic Asylums and Government Civil Hospital.

With the exception of Sai-ying-pun and Yau-ma-ti Markets and the drainage of Hung Hom Police Station and of the Officers' Quarters, Stonecutter's Island, the works done under this heading have been mainly that of miscellaneous repairs.

3. Maintenance of Telegraphs.-The telegraphic and telephonic systems have been maintained in a satisfactory condition. The wooden poles on the line from Stanley to Shaukiwan have been replaced by iron ones, and similar work is now in progress on the line from Pokfulam to Aberdeen.

Telephonic communication has been established between Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Police Stations, and between the Colonial Secretary's Office and the Civil Hospital.

4. Public Cemetery. --In addition to the usual work of maintenance, a small extension has been carried out on the north side adjoining the Roman Catholic Cemetery, and an additional fountain has been constructed.

5. Praya Wall and Piers.-The praya wall and piers so far as desirable owing to the progress of the Reclamation Works have been kept in a satisfactory state of repair. Some damages to the praya wall in front of the Wharf and Godown Co.'s premises, Kowloon, caused by the objectionable practice of removing stones from the rubble foundations for ballasting ships,, have been made good.

6. Lighthouses.-The lighthouses have been kept in an efficient state of repair.

In addition to the ordinary repairs, iron shutters and strong wooden doors have been fitted to the exposed windows and door openings in the Light Keepers' Quarters, Tower, and Water Tank of the Gap Rock Lighthouse.

7. Dredging Foreshores.--The dredger since her repair has been engaged in removing material from Causeway Bay and from the approach to the temporary wharf in front of the New Market.

The dredger has been lent for short periods to the Military Authorities and the Wharf and Godown Co.

8. Miscellaneous Works.-The principal works carried out under this heading are the construction of retaining walls in the Glenealy Ravine above Robinson Road, the repair of the Tytam filter beds, the repair of the conduit and slope south of Inland Lot 932, the removal of silt from the Pokfulam reservoir, and the construction of retaining walls and making good the surface where the bank slip- ped at the Magazine Gap end of the Mount Gough Road.

The only work in progress is the construction of a slipway at the Police dock basin, Kowloon. 9. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges.-The roads and bridges throughout the Colony have been maintained without any exceptional expenditure.

10. Maintenance of Water Works.-No exceptional expenditure other than that mentioned under the heading Miscellaneous Works has been incurred in connection with water works. The yield of the catchment areas proved insufficient for the continuance of the constant supply during April and May.

11. Maintenance of Sewers.--The sewers have been maintained in as satisfactory a condition as existing circumstances, pointed out in my last annual report, permit.

522.

12. Lighting.--The lighting of the City of Victoria and Kowloon has been satisfactorily carried out by the Electric and Gas Companies in their respective districts.

13. Maintenance of Public Recreation Ground.-No exceptional expenditure has been incurred under this heading.

An iron railing has been ordered to replace the old wooden one on the west side of the ground, and will shortly be fixed.

LAND SURVEY BRANCH.

14. During the half-year one land sale has taken place, the area sold being 36,130 square feet. Premium realized $1,816. Annual Crown rent $90.

15. By special agreement the owners have entered upon-

Marine Lot 90, Sections P. R. S. U. V.

Marine Lot 91, Sections A. M.

Marine Lot 92, Sections A. J. K. L.

Marine Lot 106,

Praya Reclamation, Crown rent payable from the date of entry being $826 per annum.

16. Extensions to existing lots of a total area of 117,404 square feet have been granted. Pre- mium realized $4,327.72. Annual Crown rents $306.31.

17. Surveys have been made, boundaries corrected, and plans and particulars forwarded to the Land Office for the issue of 34 new leases.

18. Rent collected for the occupation of ground at Race Course 7th February, 1895, amounted to $1,831.

19. Squatters' fees amounting to $4,439.59 have been collected, leaving $850.45 to be collected during the remaining half-year.

20. Some miscellaneous surveys and plans have been completed, including those of-

Kennedy Town.

Enclosed area Taipingshan, with details of lots.

Jervois and Hillier Streets and Queen's Road block.

Green Island and Sulphur Channel.

Magazine Gap Road.

Garden Road, Public Gardens, and locality.

Seymour Road and Caine Road, Inland Lots 424/5, &c.

Arsenal Street, Queen's Road West and locality.

Farm Lot 12, Ma Ti, and roads as proposed through same.

Village Tai Hang.

Site Plan of old Gaol, &c., Stonecutter's Island. Portions of the Taitam Valley.

WORK UNDER THE BUILDING ORDINANCE.

21. During the half-year 5 plans for the erection of 79 European dwellings, 21 plans for the erection of 177 Chinese dwellings, besides 56 plans for miscellaneous structures have been deposited.

22. Fifteen certificates for 32 houses have been issued under section 53 of Ordinance 15 of 1889.

23. Permission has been granted to erect verandahs over Crown land in 13 cases, and for 10 piers over Crown foreshore.

24. Notices have been issued to remove or repair dangerous structures in 111 instances, and 480 miscellaneous permits and notices have been issued.

25. Permits have been issued for the erection and repair of 26 monuments and enclosures in the Colonial Cemetery.

EXTRAORDINARY PUBLIC WORKS.

26. Central Market. This work was completed and handed over to the Sanitary Board on the 30th April last.

27. Erection of Queen's Statue.-The foundations have been completed. It has been considered advisable to delay the erection of the statue till after the typhoon season, it being found impracticable to complete it before such season commenced.

523

707

Plans

28. Slaughter House, Sheep and Pig Depôts.-On the representation of the Sanitary Board, C.$.O. 185, it was decided to erect another shed on the vacant ground reserved for such extension. and specification have been completed and the work will be commenced at an carly date.

29. Gaol Extension.-Considerable progress has been made with this work, the roof was erected over both blocks before the rains commenced, and the internal fittings are well advanced.

30. New Water Mains.-No work of any magnitude has been commenced under this healing. 31. Sewerage of City of Victoria.-The new sewers in the castern district have been completed and those in Kennedy Town commenced.

32. Water Supply, Kowloon.-The work in the valleys has been completed, and water was turned on to the public fountains in Yau-ma-ti, Tsim Sha Tsui and Hung Hom on the 10th June. A contract was entered into with Mr. SOON LOONG in January for the erection of the Pumping Station buildings which are progressing.

33. Tytam Water Works Extension. -Good progress has been made with the raising of the main dam and overflow, the former has nearly reached its full height and the latter has been completed to a height of 5 feet at which level it is proposed to allow it to remain till after the rains of this year.

34. Extension, MacDonnell and Austin Roads, Kowloon.-This work, I regret to have to report, is still incomplete, the contractors having given up their contract.

35. Kowloon Cattle Depôt.--A contract was entered into with Mr. KANG ON in May last, and the work has been commenced.

36. Village Water and Drainage Works.-A contract was entered into with Mr. LI A PING in May last for the drainage and improvement of Tai Kok Tsui, and the work has been commenced. A few minor works have also been carried out under this heading.

37. Central Police Station Additional Quarters.-The erection of a drying room and additional bath accommodation has been commenced, and the contract for the erection of the buildings abutting on Arbuthnot Road is being prepared.

38. Signal Station and lines of communication with same.-A contract was entered into with Mr. KANG ON in May last for the erection of the signal station buildings on Blackhead's Hill. The work has been commenced.

The new line from Cape D'Aguilar to the Eastern Extension Office has been completed depart- mentally.

39. Praya Reclamation Works.-Considerable progress has been made with the Reclamation Works in Sections 1, 3, 6 and 7. The erection of a temporary landing to the east of the Ice House Street pier and the erection of a new Murray picr have been commenced.

The temporary Market platform is being improved so as to render it available as a temporary landing.

GENERAL.

40. The settlement of the Taipingshan Resumption claims occupied a good deal of the time of some of the officers of this department during the early part of the year.

41. Preparations for the occurrence of plague were undertaken by this department in view of its existence on the mainland in the early part of the year.

Additions were made to the Kennedy Town Hospital, and extensions including a new road to the plague cemeteries at Mount Davis were carried out.

Most of the work done is of a permanent character.

42. Various plans and reports have been prepared which will be dealt with in submitting the Estimates for 1896.

43. I attach tabular statements of expenditure to the 30th of June.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

FRANCIS A. COOPER, Director of Public Works.

524

Personal Emoluments, Other Charges,

HONGKONG, PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

Statement of Expenditure to 30th June, 1895.

ANNUALLY RECURRENT.

WORK.

EXPENDITURE DURING 1895 TO 30TH JUNE.

30,554.61 2,861.65

33,416.26

18,826.57 940.68

Repairs to Buildings,

Maintenance of Telegraphs,

Public Cemetery,.......... Praya Wall and Piers, Lighthouses,

Dredging Foreshores,...

Miscellaneous Works,...

Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Victoria,

Maintenance of Water Works,

Sewers,

Miscellaneous Services,

Gas Lighting, City of Victoria,

Electric Lighting, City of Vietoria,

Gas Lighting, Kowloon, ...

Maintenance of Public Recreation Ground,

Expenses of the Clock Tower,.....

894.73

1,283.91

1,511.18

5,428.07

2,271.54

13,296.83

out of Victoria,

8,865.52

in Kowloon,.......

1,564.33

7,308.62

3,902.82

2,447.82

11,228.05

11,208.18

1,456.20

327.03

86.00

92,848.08

HONGKONG, PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

WORK.

Statement of Expenditure to 30th June, 1895.

EXTRAORDINARY PUBLIC WORKS.

EXPENDITURE.

TOTAL.

Prior to 1895.

During 1895.

Central Market,.........

Erection of Queen's Statue,

Slaughter House, and Sheep and Pig Depôts,

Gaol Extension,

New Water Mains,

224,963.57

14,767.37

239,730.94

1,674.00

78,912.42

3,800.76

82,713.18

60,575.57

11,208.60

71,784.17

167,176.47

286.08

167,462.55

Sewerage of Victoria,

215,268.87

9,726.48

224,995.35

Water Supply, Kowloon Peninsula,

85,368.37

6,048.74

91,417.11

Tytam Water Works Extension,....

19,976.76

Extension, MacDonnell and Austin Roads, Kowloon, Village Water, Drainage and Sewerage Works,

6,181.43

་

4,394.73

10,576.16

726.13

4,234.52

4,960.65

Kennedy Town Hospital, (C.S.O. 528)

T895

5,116.28

Plague Account,

52,321.25

89.97

52,411.22

891,494.08

81,324.29

972,818.37

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS

General Statement of Accounts to June, 1895.

EXPENDITURE.

TOTAL ESTIMATED Cost.

CONTRIBUTION PAID BY

SERVICE.

To 31st Dec.,

1894.

To 31st May, Month of June, 1895.

1895.

During the

Total

to 30th June,

1895.

Lot Holders.

Government.

Lot Holders. Government.

Section No. 1,

93,247.64

25,036.06

4,561.11

122,844.81

423,260.67

140,719.10

Do. No. 2,

161,468.84

1,111.60

162,580.44

251,176.20

251,176.19

Do. No. 3,

Do. No. 4,

152,784.17

3,269.60

3,312.24

159,366,01

459,378.56

342,792.87

19.50

1,600.00

3,451.11

5,070.61

227,392.11

38,734.40

56,848.04

9,683.60

Do. No. 5,

39.00

310,486.00

84,906.90

76,501.50

13,807.45

Do. No. 6,

31,770.38

17,397.93

4,963.10

54,131.41

523,788.60

46,818.00

173,057.28

11,704.25

Do. No. 7,

335,875.11

17,219.25

4,243.77

357,338.13

316,268.44

259,218.77

227,199.54

239,414.10

Establishment including Offices and Office Contingencies,

112,487.00

9,917.31

4,844.57

127,248.88

Plant,

96,885.87

1,565.07

19.30

98,470.24

Concrete Blocks,

50,912.77

15,584.02

7,314.45

73,811.24

2,511,750.58

429,678.07

1,268,294.52

Stock, 498 Casks Cement,

2,091.60

274,609.40

Preliminary Expenses,

3,359.98

Purchase of Land opposite W. & G. Co.,

105,000.00

Compensation of Wharves and Piers,.

87,788.25

22,063.79

109,852.04

TOTAL,...$2,941,428.65

1,542,903.92

Queen's Memorial,-(This amount will be refunded by

45.00

Government),

...

45.00

Interest,

80,497.33

RectTM Piers,

43,020.49

1,231,638.51

1,666,421.74

92,745.84

56,865,04

1,381,249,39

Expenditure,... 1,369,809.77

Difference in price on Cement,.. Less Green Island Cement Co. Account,

Amount refunded by Govern- ment, Sec. 2 Account,

7,024.74

4,200,00

296,611.97

214.88

11,439.62

....

D'e. Govt.,

290,000.00

$ 1,369,809.77

Balce in hand,

6,611.97

525

No, 38

HONGKONG.

REPORT SHEWING PROGRESS OF SPECIAL WORK CARRIED OUT FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE FURTHER SPREAD OF BUBONIC PLAGUE.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

SANITARY BOARD, HONGKONG 21st October, 1895.

SIR,--Referring to our report dated the 7th of June (Government Notification No. 276 of 1895) we have now the honour to subinit, for the information of the Board, the following further particulars of the progress of the special work entrusted to our joint directions.

HOUSE TO HOUSE VISITATION.

2. On the 1st of June the original detachment, consisting of 24 Police and 15 soldiers told off for Each section consisted of 4 soldiers, this service, was reduced to 27 men working in three sections. including 1 non-commissioned officer, and 4 Chinese constables in charge of an European Police constable. On the 15th of June the services of two of the sections were dispensed with, and to the remaining section was allotted the duty of visiting houses in the worst part of the City in the morning and in the afternoon of noting the destination of the passengers arriving by the Canton steamers. This section continued to discharge these duties until the end of July when the services of the Police and Military were discontinued.

3. The night steamers from Canton have been regularly watched by a detachment of Police in charge of Detective Inspector QUINCEY.

4. In appendix A will be found a statement of the number of houses inspected and of the number of passengers tracked to their destination. In all 15,147 inspections of houses have been made and 6,006. passengers from Canton followed to their destination after leaving the steamers.

5. It is gratifying to be able to report that the attitude of the public during the examination of houses by the search parties has been friendly throughout and that the conduct of those engaged on the service has been good. Although none of the house visitation parties discovered any cases of plague, we are of opinion that the surprise visits made from time to time in various parts of the City have had a salutary effect in securing the prompt removal of the sick either to hospital or to places outside the Colony.

THE BUBONIC PLAGUE.

6. At the date of our last report only 5 cases of bubonic plague were known to have occurred since the day on which the first case was reported. After an interval of more than a month, viz., on the 14th June the disease re-appeared in Holland Street, Kennedy Town-two cases from No. 9 and 1 from a matshed situated on private property at the south end of the lane. On the following day (the 15th) 4 cases occurred in a room on the first floor of No. 10, Heung Lane, in the Sheung Wan District, and a further ase from the adjoining house, viz., No. 12 was reported the next day (16th). Particulars of these cases as well as those that occurred subsequently will be found in appendix B to this report.

11. The other cases do not call for any special remarks beyond those stated in the body and at the foot of the schedule. Not a single case has been reported since the 16th ultimo.

કે

12. With regard to the segregating of persons found in infected premises it has been the practice in all cases to allow them the option of proceeding to Canton or of being housed in one of the marriage boats. In the majority of instances the former alternative has been readily accepted, only 21 persona being provided with accommodation afloat. On the 26th June the last batch was released.

DISINFECTION OF HOUSES.

13. In respect of the disinfection of houses in which cases of bubonic plague have occurred the provisions of Bye-law No. 25, made under section 13 of Ordinance 15 of 1894, have been rigidly enforced, and every article destroyed that could not be satisfactorily disinfected. In the case of the houses in Heung Lane, after fumigation with sulphur and clearing out all the moveable contents, the floors, walls and ceilings were thoroughly saturated with the acid solution of perchloride of mercury as recommended in a Memorandum of the 26th August, 1892, by Dr. R. TuORNE THORNE of the Medical Department of the Local Government Board.

14. It will be observed that most of the cases of bubonic plague occurred in No. 6 Health District Mr. HORE, the District Inspector, is deserving of praise for the painstaking way in which he has discharged a trying and, to say the least, disagreeable duty.

LATRINE DISINFECTION.

MEZZANINE FLOORS AND CUBICLES.

removed.

BASEMENTS.

21. Under our joint personal supervision the whole of the basements in districts Nos. 4, 5 and have been inspected at night. In all 244 inspections have been made before, and 140 after, midnight.

The District Inspectors, Messrs. BURNETT, REIDIE and HORE, are doing their utmost to prevent their now illegal occupation.

PERMITS FOR COCKLOFTS AND BASEMENTS.

22. In a memo. dated the 9th of July (appendix F) the Committee referred for the consideration of the full Board the question as to whether permits for the retention of cocklofts, under section 7 and for the occupation of basements under section 6, should be granted to the owner or

occupier. We are of opinion that the fullest publicity should be given to the fact that the Board has unanimously decided to grant such permits to the landlord only.

GENERAL REMARKS.

23. Although it may appear somewhat hazardous in the case of a disease like the bubonic plague, as the origin and spread of which so little is known, we think it probable that the Colony has now seen the last of the disease in 1895. The widespread fear that the outbreak in Heung Lane was but the ginning of a formidable epidemic has happily not been realised. Twenty-six cases are known to have ccurred; all died. If the particulars specified in appendix B are closely examined it will be found that among the later cases the disease showed no signs of abatement in point of virulence. The experience of this year would seem to demonstrate that the disease was nipped in the bud, and an epidemic averted y the prompt removal and segregation of the inmates and the disinfection and cleansing of the infected premises. The drastic measures it was deemed necessary to adopt were fully justified by the nature

and the circumstances attending the outbreak.

24. The question here very naturally arises what are the prospects of a recurrence of the disease in the early spring of next year? A vast improvement in the sanitary condition of the Colony has unquestionably been effected during the last 12 months, but much still remains to be done. In our opinion no measure of sanitary reform calls for more prompt and vigorous action than that of clearing away the obstructions in back-yards and in the back parts of premises so as to provide a suitable and adequate area for the admission of light and air. This has been done already in many houses in the fity. In Heung Lane the sanitary character of the houses, in which cases of plague originated, has heen completely changed by this simple and by no means costly structural alteration. We submit that no consideration of Departmental economy should be allowed to interfere with the early carrying

We have the honour to be,

out of this most desirable reform.

Sir,

Your obedient Servants,

WM. C. H. HASTINGS, Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

W. EDWARD CROW,

Assistant Secrctury and Superintendent.

Appendix A.

Number of inspections of houses made by 3 sections (A, B and C) of Police and Soldiers from 1st to 15th June.

Section.

Nus. of Health Districts.

Strength of party. Lodging houses. Tenement houses.

Total.

1, 2 and 4

419

2,025

2,644

763

1,257

2,020

6, 7 and 8

2,957

532

3,489

Grand Total,....

4,139

4,014

8,153

Number of inspections of houses made by one section of Police and Soldiers from the 16th June to the 31st July.

Period.

Nos. of Health Districts.

Strength of party. Lodging houses. Tenement houses.

Total.

16th to 30th June

6, 7 and 8

1st to 31st July

various

635

1,442

2,077

874

4,043

4,917

Grand Total,...-

1,509

5.485

Number of passengers arriving from Canton watched to their destination by one Section (B) of Police and Soldiers.

Period,

No. of passengers,

June 1st to 15th.

June 16th to 30th.

July 1st to 31st.

1,451

1,414

Appendix B.

CASES OF BUBONIC PLAGUE REPORTED DURING 1895.

↓

6,994

Total.

3,141

6,006

W. EDWARd Crow,

Soreturn and Superintendent,

Data

4,917

43190

Beckl

the nature

the infected mic averted

experience

found that

wn to have

vas but the s now seen

plague, as

y carrying We submit

inated, has uses in the uitable and

of clearing

e. In our

Colony has the disease

Appendix B.

CASES OF BUBONIC PLAGUE REPORTED DURING 1895.

Annon

Date

No. of

). of

ise.

Occurrence.

Health

District.

28th April,

29th

6th May,

Och

14th June,

14th

15th

10 02 6 0 10 00 00 00 C❤

Do.,

Residence of Patient previous to Discovery, Treatment or Segregation.

91, Praya Central,..

27, Stone Nullah Lane,

79, Queen's Road West,

2, Pound Lane,

4, Wing Lok Street,

9, Holland Street,

Matslied above Holland Street,.

Floor.

Name.

Sex.

Age.

Date and Hour of Admission into Tung Wa Hospital.

Date and Hour of

Admission into Kennedy Town Hospital.

Date and Hour

Death.

First,

Sam Shü Wai,

Male,

28th April,

9 p.m.

29th April,

5 p.m.

Lai Tai,. .

Female,

29th

1 p.m.

29th April, 4.30 p.m.

29th

8.40

p.m.

Lau Yam,

Male,

Unknown 29th

p.m.

29th

p.m.

•

Lam Su, ..

Female,

6th May,

11 a.m.

6th May, 12.30 p.m.

(a)

Third,

Wong Kiu,

Male,

9th

11 a.m.

9th "

1.45 p.m.

6th

12th

2nd May, 7.15 a.m. 11.20 p.m.

5 a.m.

Second,

Wong Tsun Ho,

Female,

14th June,

6.30 a.m.

14th June, 11.10 a.m.

14th June,

9 p.ni.

Tsoi Mak Wau,

Male,

14th

5.15 p.m.

Ground,

Chan Tsak,

14th

10, Heung Lane,

First,

Li I,

15th

Do.,

Choi Sing,

Kwong Sun,

15th

Do.,

Choi Kan,

16th

12, Heung Lane,

Lo Shin,

བ ར བ ང ང ང

15th

11 p.m.

1.30 a.m.

16th

15th

1 p.m.

17th

8.45 a.m.

1 p.m.

20th

8.55 p.m.

4.35 p.m.

17th

4 p.m.

15th

7 a.m.

15th

1 p.m.

16th

4.05 p.m.

15th

8 a.m. 15th

I p.m. 19th

4.30 a.m.

15th

11 a.m.

15th

p.m.

16th

5.30 p.m.

17th

12.30 p.m.

18th

7 p.m.

11.40 p.m.

17th

10, Heung Lane,

Chan Sau,

17th

10 p.m.

18th

10.35 a.m.

19th

2.50 p.m.

18th

Do.,

•

20th

12, Heung Lane,

(b)

(c)

Ho Yaw,

18th

7 p.m.

21st

8.35 a.m.

Kan A-Ping,

}}

24th

335, Queen's Road West,

Ground,

Fu Chin,

30th

30, Eastern Street,

First,

Cheng Yi,

24th June,

30th

8 a.m.

1 a.m.

20th

24th

30th

3.95

p.m.

21st

4.10 p.m.

10.10 a.m.

10.50 a.m.

26th

4 p.m.

19th July,

Kowloon, West 8, MacDonnel Road,

(e)

Ground,

Ty A-Yuk,

1st July, 3.30 a.m.

During the night of 18-19 July.

24th

63, Queen's Road West,

Second,

Chan Ping Chi,

24th July,

2 a.m.

8th Aug.,

27, Tsung Sau Lane, West,

First,

Hau Fong Hoi,

8th Aug.,

9.45 p.m.

21st

3, Tsung Sau Lane, West,

Second,

Wong Si Li,...

Female,

21st

24th

From Canton Steamer,

Sing Kwoon Hing, .

Male,

24th

25th

28, Bridges Street,

First,

Lam Su,

25th

7th Sept.,

4, Possession Street,

Ground,

Lam Kan,

7th Sept.,

7.30 a.m.

6.30 p.m.

9 p.m.

4 p.m.

"},

16th

41, Second Street,

First,

lo Sam,

16th

p.m. 16th

p..

24th July, 10.15 a.m. 24th July, 12.20 p.m. 9th Aug., 12.35 p.m. 10th Aug., 2.30 a.m. 21st 25th 8.20 a.m.

24th 8.30 25th

111. P 26th 2.30 p.m. 7th Sept., 6.30 p.m. 8.35

4.50 a m.

7.50 a.m.

26th

5.30 8th Sept., 9.30 p.m.

p.m.

16th

9.05 p..

6,994

1 Soldiers.

Total.

3,006

CROW.

Superintendent.

(a) Transferred from S.S. Belgic. Came down from Cauton the day previous and passed the night in 4, Wing Lok’Street. (b) Had been segregated since the 15th of June.

(d) Found by one of the night search party on board the S.S. Futshan on her arrival from Canton.

(e) Found dead on board the S.S. Nanchang at 6 A.M. on the 19th July. Walked on board from No. 8, MacDonnel Road, Kowloon, the previous evening.

W. EDWARD CROW, “Assistant Beoretary and Superinte

M1st June, 1895.

Appendix C.

SANITARY BOARD.

HONGKONG.

(

In the matter of The closed houses and insanitary dwellings Ordinance, 1894.

To the Owner and Occupier of the

Notice is hereby given to you on behalf of the Sanitary Board that cock lofts or mezzanine floors and cubicles are being continued or maintained in the above domestic building in contravention of Ordinance 15 of 1894, and that if such continuance or maintenance exists on and after the

a prosecution will be instituted.

By order of the Sanitary Board,

2. It nder secti

greater or undersid wire nettin two-thirds

Coloni

day of

189

Secretary.

The fo

Colon

Extract from Ordinance 15 of 1894.

Section 8, Sub-section (b). "Where any room of any domestic building is divided into separate compartments by partitions, it shall not be lawful to put up, continue or maintain partition walls of a greater height than 8 feet, or to leave a space between the top of the partitions and the ceiling or underside of the joists, of less than 4 feet, or to allow such space to be closed except in such manner and with such material as may be prescribed by the Sanitary Board, and unless the whole of such compartments are provided with light and ventilation to the satisfaction of the Sanitary Board. For the purposes of this section every sub-division of a domestic building unless it has one window at least, as hereinbefore specified opening directly into the external air, shall be considered a compartment." (The window is required to have a total area, clear of the window frame, of at least one-tenth of the floor area of the room.)

N.B. The words "domestic building" include-"any human habitation or building where persons (other than a caretaker) pass the night." (Section 2.)

Appendix D.

GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.—No. 373.

COCKLOFTS AND CUBICLES

Buildings erected BEFORE the passing of the Closed Houses and Insanitary Dwellings Ordinance No. 15 of 1894, (29th December, 1894).

1. No permission will be granted under the provisions of sub-section 1 of section 7 of Ordinance 15 of 1894 for the erection or continuance of mezzanine floors, stories or cocklofts in rooms partitioned or divided off into separate compartments unless the following conditions are complied with:- (a) The premises are constructed and maintained in a satisfactory sanitary condition. (b) Such mezzanine floor, storey or cock loft is situated on the top or ground floor of

premises

1. Un Construct. 29th of D situated on of th must be co

2. No tons are c

Hon'

A wnon zin

houses and

ance, 1894.

floors and

vention of

after the

stic building artitioned or

ompartments 8 feet, or to or to allow Board, and itary Board. hereinbefore

d to have a

1894, to be

rk, arranged

>ther than s

anitary

Ordinance partitioned

on.

floor of

(c) In the case of top floors such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft does not exte d over more than one-half of the floor area of the room, and has a clear space above it of not less than eight feet and below it of not less than nine feet measured vertically. When the roof has no ceiling or tie the measurement shall be made from the level of the floor up to half the vertical height of the rafters over such mezzanine floor, storey

or cockloft.

By Command,

Colonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 30th August, 1895.

isid

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Colonial Secretary.

GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION. —No. 407.

The following is published.

By Command,

Colonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 27th September, 1895.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, Colonial Secretary.

SANITARY BOARD NOTIFICATION.

MEZZANINE FLOORS, STORIES, OR COCKLOFTS

Buildings erected AFTER the passing of Ordinance 15 of 1894,

(29th December, 1894).

2. Notice is hereby given that such permission will not be granted unless the following condi tions are complied with:-

(a) The building shall be constructed and maintained in a satisfactory sanitary condition. (b) The mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall not extend over more than one half of

the floor area of the room and shall have a clear space below it of not less than eight feet measured vertically, provided that this space is sufficient to prevent the obstruction of any doorway situated in an external wall.

(e) The space both above and below such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall be

used for storage purposes only and shall not be enclosed except with wire netting bamboo lattice or carved wood-work arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds of such space open and as far as practicable evenly distributed, and the space encroached on by such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall not be included in the calculation of the cubic capacity of the room available for habitation. At VEŽI to febris to Hugh McCALLUK,

By order of the Sanitary Board,

Secretary

No. of Health

District.

Appendix E.

Schedule setting forth the situation of the basements illegally occupied on the 1st of April and on the

owners, etc. of which notices have been served and compliance with the law enforced.

Name of Street

The C

Nos. of the Houses.

Total No. of Basements.

6 and 7 of

permit form cubicles.

2. In

Committee sub-let, the

77A, 79A,

32, 40, 52,

and cubicle

62, 217,

10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24,

1, ("),

43, 45,

East end of Lane,

3. The

retention of

cases the or Committee Occupier. prejudice the be charged

9, 11, 13, 47,

10, 12, 14, 16,

Wanchani Road,

Ship Street,

Hou Fung Lane,

Wing Fung Street.

Queen's Road East,

2, 5, 7,

Pedder's Hill,

Mosque Junction,

Kai Un Lane,

Stanley Street,

Pottinger Street, Cochrane Street,

Wellington Street,

Staunton Street, Hollywood Road,... Gage Street,..

Queen's Road Central, Lyndhurst Terrace,.. Wing Wah Lane,

Hollywood Road,.....

Ping On Lane,

Gough Street,

Bridges Street,

Staunton Street,

Tank Lane,

•

Square Street, Circular Pathway, Shing Wong Street, Wellington Street,

Kau U Fong South,

25, 29, 31,

15в, 15c, 15D, 21, 23, 27, 29, 51, 59, 61, 91,

93, 99, 101,

9, 13, 15, 17,

1, 23, 27, 29, 31,.

82, 84,

29,.

19,.

41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 63, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 140, 142, 146, 148, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168,..

1, (), 2, 5,

23, 25, 31, 35, 36, 37, 39,

1, 3, 5, 7, 66▲, ·

33, 35, 37,

28, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48,

2, 3, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 24, 42, ("),

•

4, 5,

196,

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

160, 162, 164, 303, 305, 307, 309, 311, 313,

315, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329, 331,

Queen's Road Central,

Chung Wo Lane,..

Wa In Fong East,

Upper Lascar Row,

•

Lower Ladder Street Terrace,

...

Lower Lascar Row,

Tan Kwai Lane,

Tsui On Lane,

Queen's Road Central,

Queen's Road West,

Third Street,...

21st October, 1895.

•

333,

21, 22,

•

1, 3, 5, 34,

2, 4, 6, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25,

1, 2, 3, 5, 7,

•

1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8,

> 2

335, 341, 343, 345, 349, 351, 353, 355, 357,

359, 361,

55, 63, 91, 97, 101, 125, 131, 133, 167, 209,

227,

127,

Total No. of Basements,...

The Secretar

SANI.

134

219

W. EDWARD CROW, Assistant Secretary and Superintendent.

Total No. of Basements.

Appendix F.

Memorandum on the subject of Permits for the Occupation of Basements and the

Retention of Cocklofts.

HONGKONG, 9th July, 1895,

3. The Committee are in doubt, however, as to the advisability of framing the permit, for the retention of cocklofts and cubicles, in favour of the owner. In the vast majority of cases cocklofts and cubicles are erected by the tenants without even the knowledge of the landlord. In nearly all cases the order for removal under section 7 has been served on the occupier. On the other hand the Committee do not see their way clear to advising that the permit be made out in favour of the occupier. By such a course the Board would, they think, be taking a step which might seriously prejudice the interests of owners of property, and would be incurring a responsibility it should not be charged with.

W. C. H. HASTINGS, Acting Captain Superitendent of Police.

W. EDWARD CROW,

Assistant Secretary,

The Secretary,

SANITARY BOARD.

† Omitted.

97,

15,

35,

.66,

313,

331,

5, 357,

134

37, 209,

219

WARD CROW, tarn and Superintendent.

No. 1

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 11th April, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER), Chairman.

the Acting Colonial Treasurer (Alexander MacDonald Thomson).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee considered the plans laid before them by the Director of Public Works for--

(a) Proposed Cattle Lairs at Kowloon.

(b) Proposed Signal Station, Kowloon.

(e) Proposed Taipingshan Improvement.

It was unanimously agreed that the plans for the Cattle Lairs and Signal Station be approved, and that the proposed Taipingshan Improvement Project be further considered at the next meeting.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 17th day of April, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Chairman.

No. 2.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 23rd May, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER), Chairman.

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

ABSENT:

The Honourable the Acting Colonial Treasurer (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). The Committee considered plans laid before them by the Director of Public Works for--

(a) Taipingshan Improvement.

(b) Central Police Station Additional Quarters.

It was agreed, the Honourable E. R. BELILIOS dissenting, that the project proposed for the improvement of the resumed area of Taipingshan be adopted.

It was unanimously agreed that the projects for Additional Quarters at the Central Police Station and for the extension of Station Street, Yaumati, be adopted.

The Committee then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 6th day of June, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Chairman.

No. 3.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 6th June, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER), Chairman. the Acting Colonial Treasurer (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

ALEXANDER MCCONACHIE.

The Committee considered plans laid before them by the Director of Public Works for--

(a) The improvement and drainage of Elgin Road, Kowloon.

(b) The improvement and drainage of the village of Taikoktsui, Kowloon.

It was unanimously agreed that these projects be adopted.

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Chairman.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 16th day of August, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

No. 4.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 25th November, 1895.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER), Chairman.

the Acting Colonial Treasurer (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS, C.M.G.

The Committee considered plans laid before them by the Director of Public Works for--

(a) The erection of an Isolation Hospital.

(b) The erection of Shaukiwan Market Extension.

(d) The construction of a Storm Water Drain in Wing Fung Street.

It was unanimously agreed that the above projects be approved.

The Committee then adjourned.

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Chairman.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 5th day of December, 1895.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

325

No. 9.

HONGKONG.

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF THE RETRENCHMENT COMMITTEE ON THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

With reference to paragraphs 24, 25 and 26 of our report on the expenditure of the Colony, having taken the evidence of Mr. COOPER, we have now the honour to sub- mit the following observations respecting the staff of the Public Works Department.

2. In paragraph 25 of the main report we set out the value of the work done every year since 1882, together with the salaries and other charges. As pointed out by us, the salaries of the indoor staff proper amounted in 1874 to $19,225, and in 1884 to $25,428, whilst in the estimates for this year they reached the figure of $49,692.

3. A reference to the paragraph above cited will shew the very great rise in salaries since 1882. It is, therefore, a matter of regret to learn from Mr. COOPER that, with the exception of recommending that the offices of Superintendent of Crown Lands and Correspondence Clerk should be abolished, he has no other recommendations to suggest.

4. We would beg to call the attention of His Excellency to the fact that, in con- nection with certain works, there are employed an engineer, assistant engineer, over- seers and foremen. Take, for instance, the sub-department or branch of work of which Mr. TOOKER has charge; that officer has under him two assistant engineers, viz., Mr. HAZELAND and Mr. DRURY, also several overseers, to whom again are subordinated certain foremen. (Vide Mr. COOPER's evidence.)

5. We have examined the correspondence books and registers and are agreed that the office of Correspondence Clerk should be abolished. It is also our opinion that a Superintendent of Crown Lands is not required, as the extent of land is so small and the land itself is practically all waste, little of which is now put up for sale, there is, therefore, no necessity for such an officer, and we recommend that the post should be abolished as soon as possible.

6. One Land Surveyor, acting under the Director of Public Works, with a Land Bailiff, would be able easily to undertake all the services attaching to such an office; but we do not recommend the appointment of a land survey officer in lieu of Mr. MALSCH. 7. In presence of the evidence of Mr. COOPER, we are not prepared to recommend further reduction in the staff, but we wish to record our opinion that, although we do not feel justified in suggesting any further reductions, yet considering the size of the island and the public works which are being carried on in the Colony, the staff is far too great and expensive.

any

8. It is largely in excess of what it was in Mr. PRICE's day when great and im- portant works were carried out; we, therefore, fail to see any need for the marked in- crease which has occurred in the staff of this department since the date of Mr. PRICE'S retirement.

9. With respect to the drainage of the City, on which a very large sum of money has already been expended and for which further sums will be required, we desire to record our emphatic and unanimous opinion that, so far as regards the removal of the offensive smells that at one period prevailed in certain spots, the present system has altogether failed, for there are many places in town and in the streets where the new system is in operation which are so offensive and productive of stenches as to be a dis- grace to any civilised City.

EDW. J. ACKROYD,

Acting Chief Justice.

C. P. CHATER.

J. J. KESWICK.

T. JACKSON.

326

Meeting held November 22nd, 1894.

Present. His Honour Mr. Justice ACKROYD, Chairman.

Hon. C. P. CHATER.

Hon. J. J. KESWICK.

Mr. T. JACKSON.

Mr. T. SERCOMBE SMITH, (Secretary).

Hon. F. A. COOPER called.

The CHAIRMAN. -You no doubt know, Mr. COOPER, that this is a Committee appointed at the request, I believe, of the Unofficial Members of Government to see what retrenchment we could make in the various departments and what saving we could effect in the expenditure of the Colony. We have held over the examination into your department because you and Mr. CHATHAM were away. We should like now to hear your views on the subject of your own department, the number of officers, their work, salary, and so on.

Hon. F. A. COOPER.-I have asked to have sent to you a report on the minimum staff required for efficiently performing the duties of my department. This report was written on the 16th September, 1892. and is contained in Colonial Office Despatch No. 203 of 1892. In that report I recommended, when vacancies occur, that the office of Correspondence Clerk should be abolished, subject to the Accountant being a European and holding the title of Office Assistant, amalgamating the duties of Correspondence Clerk and Accountant. In place of the Correspondence Clerk, I proposed that another clerk should be appointed at a reduced salary. This clerk to undertake many of the duties now performed by the Accountant in looking after the proper keeping of the books and performing details of work which the Accountant has hitherto done, because, when the Accountant is placed in charge of the accounts and correspondence, he will not have time to devote his attention to details. I also proposed that, when a vacancy occurred in the appointment of Chinese Draftsman, the salary should be reduced. The present Draftsman, Mr. SING QUA, has been in the department a long time and his salary has been raised from time to time. It is now $1,080 a year and I proposed the maximum of $720 for his successor. The post of Office Assistant, which amalgamated the two offices of Accountant and Correspondence Clerk, I proposed should have $3,000 as a maximum, the Accountant and Correspondence Clerk drawing each a salary of $2,400 at the present time. I may say that the Correspondence Clerk has resigned during my absence and Mr. Wood has been appointed Office Assistant. But as yet no clerk has been appointed, as I recommended, at a salary of $1,200. I further recommended that the office of Superintendent of Crown Lands should be abolished, and that in place of the Superintendent of Crown Lands and the Land Surveyor two Land Surveyors should be appointed at salaries of $2,500 and $2,400 respectively. The other recommenda- tions have all taken effect as officers have resigned or been pensioned, and the staff now is below the minimum I then recommended. I represented the matter to the Govern- ment the other day and the papers have been forwarded for the information of the Com- mittee. I am of opinion that the Clerk in Mr. RENNIE's place should be appointed.

Q.-You have no other recommendations to make ?

A.-No, not as regards staff. I do not know whether the Committee is going to consider the question of individual salaries.

Q.-We want first of all to see what your staff is, what are their duties and whether some of them could not be dispensed with? Whom have you under you now? Could you give us their names and shortly their work?

A. By reference to the Colonial Estimates you will see that the staff has been arranged under various headings, Engineers, Surveyors, Clerks, etc. I propose to follow the arrangement in the Estimates. The Executive Engineer first on the list is Mr. CHATHAM.

Q.-And what has he to do?

A.-He is now in charge of Extraordinary Public Works.

Q.-What are they?

A.-Those at present in progress are-the Central Market, the Waterworks in Kowloon, the Pig and Sheep Depôt and the Gaol Extension. He is also in charge of the preparation of the plan for the extension of Tytam Reservoir. Of course any extra- ordinary public works proposed are forwarded to me for report, and many of the details required are worked out by Mr. CHATHAM.

Q.-And are you of opinion, seeing the state in which those works are, some of them being very far advanced, that the whole of Mr. CHATHAM's time is taken up with

them ?

A.-Undoubtedly, because it is not only those works in progress, but the prepara- tion of plans of works to be carried out in the immediate future that require his attention.

Q.-And what are they?

A.-Tytam Reservoir, Signal Station for Kowloon, Cattle Depôt for Kowloon, New Government Offices.

Q.-Take the Central Market. What has he really to do now? What is his work there ?

A. He has to generally supervise the carrying out of that work, to constantly make periodical visits and see to any details which are required to be worked out for construction of the building. These are done by him or under his immediate supervision. Measurements have all to be made by him, and the monthly pay list and certificates for payments to the contractors are forwarded to me for signature, but he is responsible for their accuracy.

Q.-How often does he go down there?

A.-It depends partly on the reports from the Assistant Engineer and overseers; but sometimes he has to go down two or three times a day, at other times he may only go down twice a week, but I should think that is an exceptional case.

Q.-Has he any one to help him, any Assistant Engineer?

A.-He has Mr. GIBBS as Assistant Engineer, but he is mainly engaged in the supervision of the Kowloon Waterworks. Mr. GIBBS has also to help him in the measurements and preparation of details for the Sheep and Pig Depôt, Central Market and Gaol Extension. Of course there are many matters that Mr. CHATHAM can leave to Mr. GIBBS more or less, and other matters which Mr. CHATHAM requires to go personally

into.

What are the other officers Mr. CHATHAM has under him?

A.-Mr. FRASER engaged on the Central Market and Gaol Extension, and Mr. NICHOLS engaged on the Slaughter House and Sheep and Pig Depôt, and Mr. Ross engaged on the Kowloon Waterworks, and then there are Chinese foremen also engaged on the Central Market, Kowloon Waterworks and Gaol Extension. The work in Kowloon is spread over a considerable area and every detail must be looked after to see that the work is properly done.

Q.-Next comes Mr. ToOKER. What has he to do?

A. He is practically in charge of the Annual Recurrent Works, Repairs to Buildings, etc. I may state, in connection with that, that there are now 107 Government buildings, exclusive of Gaol and Police Stations, in the Colony, for the maintenance of which the department is responsible. I have here a tabular statement shewing the number of public buildings exclusive of Gaol and Police Stations in periods of 5 years from 1878 to 1893 which I propose to put in. In 1878 there were 49 and now there are 107, and he has the maintenance of Telegraphs and Telephones which extend all over the Colony.

Q.-Government telegraphs?

A. Yes, and telephones to the lighthouses, police stations, and to the Harbour Offices. I have asked that the report on the introduction of the telephone system may be forwarded, and you will there find a description of what was proposed and what has practically been carried out. Mr. TOOKER has to do with the measurements of the areas occupied and the general arrangements for the laying out of the Public Cemetery, and the maintenance of the Praya Wall. In connection with the latter work there is not much required in the central portion of the City now on account of the Praya Reclamation, but the walls and piers in the Eastern and Western districts and at Shaukiwan and Aberdeen he attends to, also the lighthouses and the disinfector; the latter is a very small item the apparatus being now in the hands of the Sanitary Board, but we have to look after the repairs. Also the maintenance of roads and bridges in Victoria, out of Victoria, and Kowloon, the total length of which is now 100 miles. Also the gas lighting in the City of Victoria and Kowloon. The alteration and repairs to the lamps are effected by the Gas Company, but everything passes through the Public Works Department and has to be checked by a responsible officer. Mr. TOOKER is that officer and also performs similar duties in connection with the electric lighting of the City of Victoria. Mr. TOOKER also attends to the maintenance of the Public Recreation Ground. Also certifies the accounts in connection with the expenses of maintaining the Clock Tower. An annual sum is paid for lighting and winding the clock. There is not much work connected with that.. In addition to the Annually Recurrent Works there are the

327

328

Extraordinary Works at Kowloon, the extension of MacDonnell and Austin Roads and the construction of Des Voeux Road; the latter is being completed this year. He also has the duties devolving upon him under the Building Ordinance, the examination of plans as they come in and the issue of notices in case of building operations being carried on in contravention of the provisions of the Ordinance. Members no doubt are aware that there are many matters under the Building Ordinance that require permits, etc. from the Director of Public Works. Those are referred to Mr. TOOKER who has them made out and signs them for the Director of Public Works.

Q. What assistance has Mr. TOOKER in all that?

A.-He has two Assistant Engineers under him, Mr. HAZELAND and Mr. DRURY. Q.-Has he no principal overseer or foreman of work?

A.--He has several overseers. Mr. MOORE, the senior, is mainly in charge of buildings in the City of Victoria assisted by Mr. MEERS, then Mr. WILDEY is employed on the roads in the City of Victoria and Mr. MUGFORD on buildings, Mr. DOUGHERTY on roads and telegraphs and minor works, Mr. CoYLE on buildings, Mr. HAYWOOD on buildings, Mr. NIMO on roads, Mr. BURGES in supervising works carried out under the Building Ordinance. Under the overseers are the foremen. At the cemetery there is Mr. THOMPSON assisted by two grave diggers and two gardeners. The grave diggers and gardeners are hardly chargeable to establishment as they are departmental labourers. The above are what Mr. TOOKER has under him.

Q.--You think there is sufficient work for all of them?

A. Yes. In fact, I may state, I was asked to report on the minimum staff in 1892, putting on one side the question of Extraordinary Public Works. I then reported that I thought that the Annual Recurrent Works should be divided between Mr. TooKER and Mr. CHATHAM, and with the staff I recommended, I thought they would be able to carry out what I call the ordinary Extraordinary Public Works, that is, buildings not involving a great deal of design and supervision. I may mention the Central Market, the proposed new Government Offices works and works of that kind I considered extra- ordinary Extraordinary Public Works and might require additional assistance when the time came. Now Mr. TooKER has more to do than he really ought to, and Mr. CHATHAM, owing to the Extraordinary Public Works, has quite as much as he can do, letting alone any assistance in the Annual Recurrent Works.

Q.-Mr. CHATHAM has a large staff under him?

A. He has an Assistant Engineer, three overseers and three Chinese foremen. Q.-What are the new roads you are carrying out?

A. The new roads are the extension of MacDonnell and Austin roads. You require an overseer practically all the time to see that the work is properly done. That work one overseer looks after, and also sees to the maintenance of some other roads in Kowloon as far as he can.

Q.-The maintenance of all roads would not take Mr. TOOKER personally much time? A.-No great deal of his time is taken up by roads in the City of Victoria, but as I have said in regard to the buildings he has to see that all is correct and pass the accounts. I cannot accept accounts from overseers. They must be certified by a responsible officer. On that point I would call the attention of the Committee to a report of the Commission appointed by Sir F. FLEMING which I have requested should be referred to you. Mr. TOOKER spends a lot of time looking over buildings. Some of the buildings are very old and extensive repairs are from time to time required. I am certainly of opinion that it is well worth while to spend money on supervision and get good sound work rather than restrict the expenditure on supervision and spend a lot of money on repairs inefficiently carried out. As regards the buildings I should like to point out that the expenditure needed in 1878, when there were 49 buildings exclusive of Gaol and Police Stations, was $11,559.81. In 1883 with the 61 Government buildings it rose to $16,112. In 1888 with 68 buildings, $25,000. In 1891 with 102 buildings, $24,000. In 1892 with 106 buildings, $33,980. In 1893 with 107 buildings, $24,761, being $600 less with 107 buildings than it was with 68 buildings in 1888. I have got out a table shewing the cost of repairs to roads also under Mr. TOOKER. I have not any accurate information as to the extension of roads in the Colony between the above dates, but I have no doubt many members of the Committee here will know more of the extension than I do and they will have a better idea of what these figures show from their personal knowledge than from what I can represent to you. In 1878 the expenditure on the cost of repairs was $23,000. In 1883 it was $30,000. In 1888, $40,000. In 1891 $38,000. In 1892, $40,000. In 1893, $40,000. I would also call attention to the fact that previous to 1893 many of the overseers employed on works were not charged to the establishment as they are now, but direct to the cost of the work. I take these

•

figures as far as I can from the accounts of the department. In 1878, I find $5,503 was charged to votes for works. In 1883, $5,477. În 1884, $8,265. In 1891, $12,960. In 1892, $15,212. In 1893 nil.

Q.-Charge to what?

A.--To different votes for work. In drawing up the Estimates for 1893 every officer of work, drawing pay monthly on a certificate of the Director of Public Works, was placed down in the Estimates, votes for works being simply charged with actual cost of construction, cost of supervision being entirely excluded. Of course, this is an important matter in considering the Estimates of 1878 and comparing them with 1893, for you must bear in mind the very large addition which under the present system would be added to the establishment in that and other years. To give an instance. The total amount of salaries paid in 1892 was $89,000 as against $72,000 paid in 1893 shewing a difference of $17,000.

Q.-After Mr. TOOKER whom have you got?

A.-Mr. CROOK who is the next Executive Engineer in charge of the Drainage works and the Waterworks, construction and maintenance in both cases. He is also Sanitary Surveyor to the Sanitary Board. He has an assistant draftsman, Mr. BAMSEY, who, I may say, was a pupil in the Water and Drainage Department, served his time as an Engineer and has been appointed as draftsman. Besides actually doing draftsman's work he is also available for making measurements and completing details of plans. Mr. CROOK has also as overseers Mr. CARROL, Mr. Rose and Mr. MOLLISON. The last named is the principal overseer of waterworks in the City of Victoria. Mr. Rose has also charge of waterworks. Mr. SOLOMON is in charge of the Peak and Mr. CARROL has the supervision of the construction of the sewerage in the City of Victoria. Mr. MILLER has the inspection of services. Mr. LEWIS is caretaker at Tytam. Mr. SAMUEL is caretaker at Pokfulam. Mr. BowL SING is Overseer at Tytam filter beds and CHU AYIM holds a similar position at the Pokfulam filter beds.

•

Q.--What is Mr. MINHINNET?

A.-His services were exchanged for those of Mr. NICHOLS of the Praya Reclamation. Mr. MINHINNETT having had special experience in connection with sea work, I recom- mended that he should be put on the Praya Reclamation and in return Mr. NICHOLS, who was originally appointed for that work, took his place in the Public Works Depart- Mr. NICHOLS, as I have stated, is engaged under Mr. CHATHAM at the Sheep and Pig Depôt at Kennedytown.

ment.

Q.--I suppose the sewerage work is not finished

A.-No.

Q.-And the waterworks, are they finished?

yet?

A.--Most of the main laying is finished. Some additions have to be made from time to time, but there is the construction of house services on a request from house owners, and there is the connection with the mains and the maintenance of the works generally. The sewerage works are completed west of Garden Road and a considerable portion of the Eastern district is completed as far as gravitation work is concerned. It is proposed to intercept the gravitation sewers and ultimately to discharge the sewage of the City east of Garden Road near North Point. Plans and details of this work have to be prepared.

Q.-Then you have Mr. Malsch ?

A.-Mr. MALSCH is Superintendent of Crown Lands. He has an Assistant Land Surveyor, Mr. PROSSER, a Land Bailiff, Mr. KING, clerk WONG LAI SING, tracer CHEONG Yow. I may mention that in my report for 1892 I suggested that on a vacancy occurring in this office it would be preferable to appoint a Land Survey Officer with that title and equalize to some extent the salaries of those two offices. Mr. MALSCH's duties are in connection with the issue of Crown Leases for Crown Lands and the occupation of Crown Lands generally. There are many applications from time to time from the Land Office, old leases requiring revision, and on a certificate of the Director of Public Works new leases are issued. Various particulars and re-adjustment of boundaries are required. Mr. MALSCH is also in charge of the work done by the Land Surveyor whose duties are to do the outdoor work, see that the boundaries' stones are fixed, and supply Mr. MALSCH with any information required for reporting on any matter connected with Crown Land that is referred to him. The Land Bailiff, Mr. KING, is in charge of squatters and looks after the occupation of Crown Lands other than those under Crown Leases, to see that there is no trespass. He also issues squatters' licences every year, of which there are a considerable number. WONG LAI SING, the clerk, prepares the squatters' licences. Details of leases of 1891, 1892, 1893 will be found in my annual reports for those years. The tracer, CHEONG Yow, makes tracings of various plans for the Land Office and for record in the Public Works Department.

329

330

Q. How many new leases do you issue in the course of a year? I mean land sold, not rectified leases.

A.---In 1891 ten land sales took place and 8 extensions of existing lots.

Q.--Those are merely rectifications?

A.--They are new issues. In 1890 plans for 18 new occupations were made. Q.--Have you the figures for 1891, 1892, 1893?

A.-They are all in my annual reports. The documents are all printed in the Sessional Papers.

Q. Do you think that all the men you have enumerated are required? All these

overseers?

A. Yes, some of them are overseers, some of them are foremen. There is no work that requires more detailed supervision to get it properly done than repairs to buildings. You require a man on the spot to see that the work is properly done.

Who is Mr. GALE ?

A.-Chief draftsman.

Q.-Is all his time taken up?

A.-Yes. His duties are to prepare and supervise drawings and tracings generally. I will show you the plans in connection with the Sheep and Pig Depôt which will give you some idea of the contract drawings required for Public Works. It is a fair sample. He supervises and to a large extent prepares these drawings himself from the notes and sketches given by the Engineer. He sees to the preparation of tracings for the use of the Crown Agents, contractors and overseers, and is responsible for the accurate dimensions and figures contained in those tracings. He also prepares many little details required from time to time for reports that are called for by the Colonial Secretary.

Q.-Would you say he was hard-worked?

A.-I do not consider he has more work than he can fairly and reasonably be called upon to undertake and perform properly.

Q.-How long does he work a day?

A. He comes at 10 and leaves at 4 as a rule. He has time for lunch. Q.-Where does he take his lunch?

A.-At the Club.

(Pians shewing generally the nature of this class of work prepared in the various branches of the Department were here produced and inspected by members of the Committee.)

Hon. F. A. COOPER.-The expenditure in connection with the design and supervision of Extraordinary Public Works is 5 per cent. and Annual Recurrent Public Works 16.7 per cent.; 5 per cent. for the design and supervision of Extraordinary Public Works is a figure which, I think, is more than low. I know in England design and supervision of work cost a great deal more than that.

The CHAIRMAN.--You say that 5 per cent. is too low for Extraordinary Public Works. Don't you think 16 per cent. is too much for Annual Recurrent Works?

A.-Not including the cost of overseers. In England the engineers as a rule_get 5 per cent. on the contract amount, and I know that from 7 to 12 per cent. is added for cost of supervision in special cases.

Q. What are the salaries of the overseers?

A.-Mr. MOORE gets $120 a month. Of course, he is a reliable man, and on a comparatively recent occasion, in sending home for an overseer, the salary was increased on account of not being able to get qualified men to come out. The case I refer to is that of Mr. WILDEY.

Q. How much does he get?

A.-$1,416 a year.

Q.-You have Mr. MUGFORD at $113 a month?

A.-$1,380 a year.

Q.-Mr. EAGER gets $85 a month?

A. Yes.

-Mr. HEYWOOD $60?

A. Yes. In England you pay from 30 shillings to £3.10 a week. I never got an overseer for less than 30 shillings a week.

Mr. COOPER requested to be allowed to direct the attention of the Committee to the letter dated 6th April written in reply to their circular. He said "That letter was "written by Mr. CHATHAM, Acting Director of Public Works, and purported to express my views. I regret, however, that owing to the somewhat rough draft that I left with "Mr. CHATHAM my views were not accurately understood and Mr. CHATHAM has since "my return requested permission to withdraw his letter."

The Committee then adjourned.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

Office.

Present Salary.

Proposed Salary.

Director of Public Works,

$ 6,660

ENGINEERING STAFF.

Executive Engineer,

Do, Do.,

3,600

3,000

Assistant Engineer,

Do.,

2,400

Do.,

2,328

Do.,

1,440

Do.,

1,440

Chief Draftsman,

2,328

....

Draftsman,

720

Chinese Draftsman,

600

Reduce to $720.

Do..

Personal Allowance,

480

Tracer,

300

CROWN LANDS AND SURVEYS.

Superintendent of Crown Lands,

Land Surveyor,

Temporary Land Surveyor,

3,000

Abolish.

2,040

2,520

Land Bailiff,

1,440

Clerk,.

Tracer,

480

360

CLERICAL.

Correspondence Clerk,

2,400

Amalgamate with the office of Accountant.

Clerk and Interpreter,

720.

Do.,

600

Do.,

480

Clerk,...

576

ACCOUNTANT AND STORES.

Accountant,

2,400

Amalgamate with the office of Correspondence Clerk.

Clerk,....

1,440

Do.,

600

Compradore,

720

Clerk,.

540

Do..

360

Compradore's Clerk,

120

Store Boy,......

Do.,

Watchman at No. 2 Tank,

144

Do.,

do.,

Do.,

Crosby,

Do.,

Wanchai,

Do.,

do.,

.....

3 Chinese Constables for Stores,

348

OVERSEERS.

1,560

Overseer,

1,530

Do.,

1,200

Do.,

1,380

Do.,

Carried forward,............

$56,510

331

332

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,-Continued.

Office.

Present Salary.

Proposed Salary.

Brought forward,.

$56,510

OVERSEERS, -Continued.

Overseer,

1,460

Do.,

1,200

Do.,

1.200.

Do.,

1,176

Do.,

840

Do.,

1,248

Do,

1,344

Do.,

960

Do.,

720

Do.,

720

Do.,

Foreman of Works, Hill District,

480

365

Overseer,

ASSISTANT FOREMEN.

300

Assistant Foreman,

300

Do.,

300

Do.,

360

Do.,

144

Native Foreman,

Assistant Foreman,

Foreman,

Do.,

...

480

108

240

108

Native Foreman,

Do..

300

WATER WORKS.

Water Inspector,

Watchman at Tytam Reservoir,

720

648

Do. at Pokfulam Reservoir,...

300

Do. at Tytam Filter Beds,

240

Do. at Pokfulam Filter Beds

144

Coolie at Tytam Reservoir,

Do.

do.,

Do.

do.,

Do.

do.,

Labourer at Pokfulam Reservoir,

Coolie at Tytam Filter Beds,

Do.

do.,

Do.

do.,

Do.

do.,

Do.

do.,

Do.

Pokfulam Filter Beds,

Bonham Road Pupping Station, Fitter,

216

Do.

do.,

Stoker,

180

Do.

do.,

Watchman,

Arbuthnot Road

do.,

Fitter,

216

Do.

do.,

Watchman,

Garden Road

do.,

Fitter,

216

Do.

do.,

Watchman,

Kowloon Well, Watchman,

Do.,

do.,

Carried forward,..

$76,027

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,-Continued.

Office.

Present Salary.

Proposed Salary.

Brought forward,.

$76,027

WATER WORKS,—Continued.

Turncock, ..........

Do.,

....

144

120

108

TELEGRAPHS.

First Linekeeper,

132

Second

do.,

120

Third do.,

108

Workman,

Do.,

Do.

Lamp Trimmer at Whitfield,

Hung Hom,

DREDGER.

960

Master, Engineer, Foreman,

.....

192

108

PUBLIC CEMETERY.

Overseer, Gardener,

•

480

Do., Gravedigger,

Do.,

MISCELLANEOUS.

Office Coolie,.

108

Do.,

8-1

Do.,

Watchman at "Mountain Lodge,"

120

Survey Coolie,

Do.,

•

Do.,

Office Boy,

Labourer at Government Offices,

•

Scavenger,

80,599

Other Charges,

9,192

Total,....

89,791

333

334

SIR,

PUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, March 12th, 1895.

In my examination before the Retrenchment Committee I was asked questions on several subjects not bearing on that particular branch of the Public Works Department with which, owing to my special duties, I am most intimately acquainted. I answered these questions to the best of iny knowledge at the time, but I regret to state that on further enquiry I find my answers to be misleading and in some respect incomplete. I have therefore the honour to request to be allowed to withdraw such part as is mentioned below.

I make this request recognizing the importance of correct evidence only being taken into consideration in arriving at a decision in respect of the expenditure of the Department.

The evidence I wish withdrawn is from p. 159.

"Q.-I see in the Estimates that there is some £300 allowed to Mr. CHADWICK as Consulting Engineer. What is that for? When do you, consult him? Have you "consulted him this year?"

to p. 161.

"A.-I should say that the tendency is to diminution."

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

No. 517.

J. ROWLAND CROOK.

COLONIAL SECRETARY OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 18th March, 1895.

SIR,

I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 5th instant transmit- ting a supplementary report of the Retrenchment Committee upon the staff of the Public Works Department and a copy of the evidence given by Mr. COOPER in connection there- with, and with reference to the latter I am to enquire whether the Committee have any remarks to offer as to the reduction of the salary of the Chinese draftsman, when opportunity offers, as suggested by the Director of Public Works.

I am further to request that a copy of the evidence, upon which the concluding paragraph of the report under acknowledgment is based, may be furnished for His Excellency's information.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, Colonial Secretary.

The Secretary,

RETRENCHMENT COMMITTEE.

SIR,

SUPREME COURT HOUSE,

HONGKONG, 27th April, 1895.

In reply to your letter No. 517 of the 18th March, I have the honour to inform you that the Retrenchment Committee agrees with Mr. COOPER'S views concerning the reduction of the salary of the Chinese draftsman when opportunity offers.

2. As regards the evidence upon which the concluding paragraph of the supple- mentary report on the Public Works Department was based, I have to report that no written evidence was recorded, and that the oral evidence of Mr. ACKROYD and Mr. JACKSON was that upon which the Committee founded its remarks.

3. Mr. ACKROYD made special reference to smells by Seymour Terrace and on the level of that block, whilst Mr. JACKSON drew attention to the odours arising from spots close to his residence, and has since the last meeting favoured me with a note which contained the following:-"as to wanting evidence for the concluding portion of the "report, let anyone wishing to satisfy himself upon the point take a walk along Bonham "Strand. If he is not satisfied with the quality and quantity of the smells he will get, "he will be very hard to convince. I have recently taken several walks through the town, east and west, and am sorry to say that in all my time here I have never "experienced such stenches."

4. Mr. JACKSON has authorised the insertion in this letter of the above extract.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

T. SERCOMBE SMITH, Secretary, Retrenchment Committee.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY,

&c.,

fc.

335

HONGKONG.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1894,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

147

No. 15

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 30th March, 1895.

SIR,

-I have the honour to forward herewith for your Excellency's information my report on the work of this department for the year 1894.

REVENUE.

The revenue collected during the year amounted to $82,456.86. In Table I. (A.), (B.), (C.) will be found a comparative statement of the revenue for 1893 and 1894, together with a detailed account of the revenue derived from boats and markets. The revenue for 1894 shows an increase of $699.21 * over that for 1893, which may be considered satisfactory in view of the fact that the Colony was visited during several months of the year by an epidemic of bubonic plague, which naturally had a prejudicial effect on the revenue and prevented the increase being as large as it otherwise would have been. The chief increase is in the revenue derived from markets, viz., $1,545.01, which is due to many of the holdings in the markets having become vacant owing to the decease of the holders and to higher rents being obtained when they were again put up to tender. The Taipingshan market was closed in July on account of the plague. The new Central Market is now approaching completion and will be soon ready for occupation. The Western market, which is the one most used by the Chinese population of Victoria, has seen its best days and ought to be renewed. It is to be hoped that when the new Central Market has been completed, the question of the advisability of erecting a new Western market will receive early consideration.

WOMEN AND GIRLS' PROTECTION ORDINANCE.

(No. 11 of 1890.)

Under instructions from the Secretary of State the sections of this Ordinance dealing with the registration of brothels were repealed.

Under Part II. of the Ordinance 167 women and girls were detained and were disposed of as shown in Table II. (A).

The number of girls handed over to guardians under section 19 of the Ordinance now amounts to 96 as compared with 111 in 1893. Table II. (B) shows how this number has been reduced.

The number of persons reported to be missing, shown in Table II. (C) is smaller this year than in 1893. This may be due to the check to emigration from this Colony caused by the plague.

PÓ LÉUNG KUK INCORPORATION ORDINANCE.

(No. 18 of 1893.)

The Ordinance incorporating the Pó Léung Kuk came into force on the 31st March, 1894, and has worked smoothly and satisfactorily. Owing to the existence of the plague and certain difficulties with regard to the proposed site, it has not been possible to commence the building of a new Home for women and girls, but it is hoped that the work will be commenced without much further delay.

FEMALE EMIGRATION,

The number of women, girls and boys passed by the Harbour Master's Department assisted by an officer from this department is given in Table III. The number passed was 6,455 as compared with 9,109 in 1893.

148

POPULATION.

The population of the Colony on the 31st December, estimated on the average increase in the population between 1857-91, was as follows:-

British and Foreign (including Army and Návy),

10,782

Chinese.

Total.

246,006

235,224

MARRIAGES.

(Ordinance No. 14 of 1875.)

The total number of marriages in 1894 was 61 as compared with 84 in 1893. Attention has on more than one occasion been called to the present unsatisfactory state of the marriage law in this Colony, which only allows marriages in cases where one of the parties is a Christian. I am of opinion that the law should be amended so as to recognise marriages in cases in which neither of the parties is a Christian.

BIRTHS.

(Ordinance No. 7 of 1872.)

In Table IV. will be found a return of the births registered during 1894. Among the British and foreign community the total number of registered births was 205-males 121, females 84-which shows a decrease of 21 as compared with the births in 1893.

The registered number of births among the Chinese was 1,250 as against 1,575 in 1893.

DEATHS.

(Ordinance No. 7 of 1872.)

Table IV. contains the number of deaths registered during the year 1894.

The number of deaths among the British and foreign community numbered 251, or 59 in excess of the previous year. Among the Chinese 7,156, or 1,926 more than in 1893, the large increase being due to the mortality from bubonic plague, which in Victoria claimed 2,508 victims.

The annual rates for births and deaths per 1,000 of the estimated population are 5.91 and 30.11 respectively.

BURIALS.

Of the 6,243 deaths which occurred among the Chinese in Victoria, 6,058 were buried in the Colony, 130 were sent out of the Colony, and 55 were reported as being in the Mortuary awaiting interment or removal,

EXHUMATIONS.

139 permits were granted during the year to exhume dead remains for removal to China or for re-burial in the Colony. In each case a reference was made to the Sanitary Superintendent before a permit was issued.

MORTALITY STATISTICS FOR VICTORIA.

Table V. (A) shows the number of deaths of Chinese under the age of 12 months in Victoria. The decrease in the numbers, compared with those of 1893, is probably due to the population being greatly diminished owing to the plague during some months of the year. The proportion of deaths of male infants under one year of age to 100 females is 63.9. The number of registered births of males to 100 females is 126.46.

The mortality at different ages is given in Table V. (B). No attempt has been made to calculate the rates of mortality, the population having fluctuated so largely. The mortality from the plague was 2,508, and that from other causes 3,462. The total mortality was 5,970 compared with 4,135 in 1893. The first death from the plague was registered on the 11th May, and the last on the 2nd October. Between the ages of 6 and 40 the rate of death from the plague was greater than that from other causes. Above that age the rate was less. The mortality among children, especially among females, between the ages of 6 and 16 was very large.

149

HOSPITAL DEATHS.

In Table VI. will be found a return of the number of hospital deaths which amounted to 2,926, or 40.9 per cent. of the total mortality for the year. Most of these deaths occurred in the hospitals which were used temporarily for patients suffering from the plague.

Table VII. gives the number of patients under treatment in the Tung Wa Hospital during 1894, and shows that the total under treatment was 2,459; total discharged 1,259; total deaths 1,092 or 44.41 per cent. of the total number admitted.

The out-patients during the year were-

Male, Female,

.76,823

.47,271

MORTALITY DURING LAST SIX YEARS.

The following Table shows the number of deaths and the death-rate per 1,000 during the past

six years.

Estimated Population.

British and Foreign,

1889

10,832

1890

1891

1892

1893

1894

10,972

10,494

10,590

10,686

10,782

Chinese, Whole,

.183,650 187,770

214,320

221,072

228,038

235,224

..194,482

198,742 224,814

231,662

238,724

246,006

Deaths.

4,597

4,553 5,374

4,906

5,422

7,407

Death-rate per 1,000.

British and Foreign, Chinese,

17.54

17.13

18.20

17.37

17.97

23.28

24.00

23.25

24.18

21.36

22.93

30.42

Whole,.

23.64

22.90

23.90

21.18

22.71

30.11

CAUSES OF DEATHS.

Table VIII. (A) shows the causes of death. 217 deaths out of the total of 251 among the British and foreign community and 3,046 deaths out of the total of 6,243 among the Chinese in Victoria were certified to by medical certificates or by the Coroner.

VACCINATION Ordinance.

(No. 5 of 1890.)

Table IX shows that during the year 786 vaccination notices were issued, and that 845 certificates of successful vaccination were received. There were no prosecutions under the Ordinance.

REGISTRATION OF Books.

(Ordinance No. 10 of 1888.)

During 1894, 63 books were published as against 44 in 1893, lists of which have been published in the Gazette.

REGISTRATION OF HOUSEHOLDERS.

(Ordinance No. 13 of 1888, Chapter III.)

Table X (A) contains a return of-

(a) The first registration of householders (b) The re-registration of householders; (c) Extract from Householders' Register; (d) Removals of householders;

(e) Duplicate householders' certificates issued;

(f) Changes in tenancy reported.

Table X (B) shows that the number of Chinese shops opened was 1,031 and the number closed 862, an excess in favour of shops opened of 169. The number of shops opened and closed in 1893 was 1,128 and 936 respectively.

८

150

NIGHT PASSES.

(Ordinance No. 13 of 1888, Chapter VI.)

During the year 785 applications for night passes, as compared with 88 in 1893, were received and dealt with. This large increase in the number of applications is due to the law dealing with night passes being more strictly enforced.

PERMITS.

(Ordinance No. 13 of 1888, Chapter V.)

The nature and number of permits issued during the year were as follows:-

To erect sheds,

To fire crackers,

To hold processions,

To perform theatricals,

.....139

..255

441

SURETIES REFERRED FOR REPORT.

The number of sureties referred to this Department for report during the year amounted to 769, and were distributed as follows:-

Harbour Department,

Magistracy,

Police Department,

Botanical and Afforestation Department,.

Supreme Court,

Crown Solicitor,

...421

........164

...172

Total,......

....769

DISTRICT WATCHMEN.

(Ordinance No. 13 of 1888, Chapter IV.)

The District Watchmen were instrumental in bringing 350 cases before the Magistrate. Two Chinese newspapers-the Tsun Wan Yat Pó and the Wai San Yat Pó-kindly publish weekly lists of cases brought before the Magistrate by the District Watchmen for the information of subscribers to the District Watchmen's fund. The District Watchmen Committee also received the thanks of the Government for the help rendered to the Police by the District Watchmen during the riot which occurred early in the year, and two of the members of the Force-Head District Watchman LAM ON, and District Watchman P'UN HING-were specially rewarded by the Government on the recommenda- tion of the Captain Superintendent of Police for their assistance in the arrest of those concerned in the Wing Lok Street robbery. From these two instances, I think it may be fairly inferred that there is now more co-operation between the Police and the District Watchmen than formerly. The District Watchmen Committee is most anxious that such co-operation should not only continue but be increased.

The revenue of the District Watchmen Fund amounted last year to $8,115.60. A sum of $7,508.10 having been contributed by the various shops. This is an increase of $2.82 over the con- tributions for 1893. The expenditure was $9,341.51 being an excess over revenue of $1,225.91, which was met out of the accumulated balances of the fund. A full statement of the accounts of the fund will be found in Table XI (4), and Table XI (B) shows the present state of the Force, the number dismissed and resigned, and those who died during the year. The collector for the fund and two watchmen died from the plague.

CHINESE RECreation Ground.

151.

The buildings suffered in the typhoons last year and were repaired at a cost of $250. The cooking-stalls were so badly damaged that they had to be pulled down. The question of abolishing cooking-stalls was considered by the Committee which is consulted regarding the management of this ground; but, as they fulfil a useful purpose, it has been decided to allow food to continue to be sold on the paved space in the centre of the ground. 76 stalls are let out of a total of 105, in addition to the "story telling" pavilion which is occupied all day. 12 permits have been issued for the sale of various articles and two for jugglers.

The revenue from the stalls, &c. amounted to $2,189.81 as compared with $2,404.35 in 1893, while the expenditure amounted to $1,469.17, $1,000 being a repayment to Government of a portion of the loan of $6,000 advanced in 1890 for the improvement of the ground. This loan will be all paid off this year, and the fund will be free from debt.

GENERAL WORK.

The amount of translation work was about the same as last year. 1,342 petitions on various subjects were received during the year as compared with 1,200 in 1893.

Table XII (4) gives an account of the Market Charitable Fund, and Table XII (B) an account of the money recovered on passage tickets of women and girls detained on board ship or at the Emigration Office. The former fund shows a balance in hand of $1,584.55, and the latter a balance in hand of $207.76.

STAFF.

I returned from leave on the 30th January and took over from Mr. THOMSON the duties of Registrar General. LAM TSUN, one of the Chinese writers, died of plague.

The office of second clerk has been abolished, and the holder of it, Mr. MADAR, has been trans- ferred to the Supreme Court. One of the posts of inspector has also been abolished. Inspector HORTON, who had been attached to this Office for many years and who always performed his duties satisfactorily, retired on pension. The saving thus effected will amount to $3,072 per annum.

His Excellency

THE GOVERNOR.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, Colonial Secretary and Registrar General.

152

Table I.

A.-Comparative Statement of the Revenue during the Years 1893 und 1894, respectively.

No. OF LICENCES AND CERTIFICATES REVENUE

ORDINANCES UNDER WHICH

RECEIVED.

DESCRIPTION.

REVENCE

ISSUED.

INCREASE. Decrease.

IN 1893.

IN 1894.

1893.

1894.

ር.

Hawkers,

5,534

4,497

5,680.50

4,723.50

.957.00

Ordinance 21 of 1887,

Regulations under Ordi- nance No. 26 of 1891,...

...

Ordinance No. 13 of 1888,

Chinese Undertakers, Rowing Boats, Water Boats, Cinder, &c. Boats, and Fish drying Hulks. Cargo Boats, Lighters, and other boats, Householders, Re-registration,.. Removals, Extracts, Bonds,

140.00

160.00

20.00

1,956

1,774

5,907.25

5,532.00

375.25

1,704

1,673

10,480.00

10,657.00

177.00

291.00

285.00

6.00

1,062

883

1,062.00

883.00

179.00

16.25

17.25

1.00

141

155

35.25

38.75

3.50

5.00

Ordinance No. 9 of 1867, Ordinance No. 21 of 1887, Ordinance No. 7 of 1872,... Ordinance No. 14 of 1875,... Ordinance No. 17 of 1887,... Ordinance No. 17 of 1891,...

Miscellaneous,

Money Changers,...

Births and Deaths, Marriages, Markets,

Arms Licences, Cattle Shed,

Wooden huts,

Houses in New Street,... Sale of Chinese Gazette, Estreatment of Bonds,....... Duplicate Pass,

Li Hoi's pension (re-

funded),

Sale of Reg. Genl.'s boat,

TOTAL,......

DEDUCT DECREASE,

...

110

109

550.00

545.00

5.00

126.90

108.55

18.35

334.00

121.00

213.00

54,033.80

55,578.81

1,545.01

180.00

140.00

40.00

2,460.00

2,580.00

120.00

Laundries,.

380.00

320.00

60.00

383.00

...

225.00

51.00

46.00

5.00

100.00

1.00

7.00

23.70

81,757.65 82,456.86 2,581.51

1,882.30

TOTAL INCREASE IN THE YEAR 1894,.

1,882.30

699.21

Cargo Boats, Lighters, Other Boats,

Rowing Boats,

Water Boats,

Fish drying Hulk,

Cinder, Bum and Hawker Boats,

B. Fees from Boats.

8,055.00

1,060.00

1,542.00

4,406.00

445.00

500.00

181.00

TOTAL,

.$ 16,189.00

C.-Revenue from Markets and the Number of Shops and Stalls Occupied and Unoccupied at the end of 1894.

153

Markets.

Temporary Shops,

Central,

Western,

Taipingshan,

Saiyingpun,

Wanchai,

Sukonpo,

Shaukiwan,

Shektongtsui,

Yaumati,

Hunghom,

TOTAL,.........

Revenue.

$ 1,362.66

Occupied.

Shops, Stalls, etc.

Unoccupied.

................ 23,272.09

175

18,561.95

149

945.39

5,418.46

1,772.68

525.40

539.87

133.80

1,994.93

1,051.58

..$55,578.81

596

158

• Market closed in July on account of the Plague.

Table II. (4.)

1894.

Left,

Restored direct to parents or relatives,

Restored to husbands,

Restored to guardians,

Restored to native place,

Restored to native place through charitable institutions in China,

Sent to London Mission School,

Sent to Haiphong through the French Consul, .............

Sent to Italian Convent,

Adopted,........

Married,.....

Died,

Total,.........

.147

Table II. (B.)

1894.

Girls under inspection of this Office :-

(1) To come quarterly,

To come less than four times a year,

To come when required,

To report when married,

Married,

(2) Not required to come,

Absconded,...

(3) Died,

Total,.......

Noted:-

(1) Two added to the list this year. (2) One added to the list this year. (3) One added to the list this year.

154

Table II. (C)

Return showing the Number of Persons reported to the Pó Leung Kuk as missing and of those who have been reported as recovered for the year 1834.

DISAPPEARED IN HONGKONG.

Men, Boys,

Women, Girls,

RECOVERED.

Men, Boys,.

Women,

Girls,

DISAPPEARED IN CHINA,

Men,

..124

Women,

Boys,

Girls,

155

RECOVERED.

Men,

Boys,

...

Women, Girls,

DISAPPEARED IN MACAO.

Men,

Boys,

Men, Boys,

Women, Girls,

RECOVERED.

Women, Girls,

Table III.

Return showing the Number of Female Passengers, Boys and Girls examined and passed at the Emigration Office under “The Chinese Emigration Consolidation Ordinance, 1889,” during the year 1894, at which examination an Officer from the Registrar Generul's Office was present.

Honolulu,

Mauritius,

Countries.

Women.

Boys.

Girls.

Total.

102

189

132

4,802

791

519

6,112

San Francisco,

Straits Settlements,

Vancouver, B.C.,

Victoria,

Batavia,.......

Bangkok,

Queensland Ports,

5,008

872

575

6,455

DISTRICTS.

Table IV.

RETURNS OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS FOR THE YEAR 1894.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE.

GRAND TOTAL.

BIRTUS.

DEATUS.

BIRTHS.

DEATHS.

BIRTHS.

DEATHS.

Boys.

Girls.

Total. Males. Females.

Sex

Unknown.

Total. Boys. Girls. Total.

Males. Females. Unknown.

Sex

Total.

Victoria,

115

196

172

238

521

412

933

3,669

2,567

6,213

1,129

6,481

Kaulung,

Shaukiwán,

133

286

209

495

141

507

Aberdeen,

Stanley,......

TOTAL,

121

205

184

163

257

33 13

134

185

251

705

545

1,250

4,216

2,932

7,156

1,455

7,407

DEATHS.

BRITISH & FOREIGN CÓMMUNITY.

DEATHS IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.

ESTIMATED POPULATION.

Annual Birth-Rate Annual Death-Rate per 1,000.

per 1,000.

Europeaus, exclusive of Portuguese,... 72

Of the Deaths in Victoria, Males. Females. Total. there were in the~

British and Foreign Community,.....

10,782

19.01

23.28

Portuguese,

Tung Wa Hospital,..

796

295 1,091

Indians, &c.,

Chinese,.

..235,224

5.31

30.42

Italian Convent,

136

294

430

Non-Residents,

Asile de la Ste. Enfance,.

304

563

867

Whole Population,

..246,006

5.91

30.11

TOTAL,...

251

TOTAL,

1,236

1,152

2,388

155

156

MALES.

Table V. (4.)

FEMALES.

SEX UNKNOWN.

TOTAL

775

128

110

Under 1 month,

278

328

404

444

1 and under 2 months,

2 and under 3 months,

3 and under 6 months,

6 and under 9 months,

9 and under 12 months,

1:ཀ

ск

14.

1 9 9 9 to

# 2 3 8 7 6

Total under 1

year,

356

462

639

723

1,190

AGE.

Table V. (B.)

MALE.

FEMALE.

UNKNOWN.

TOTAL.

ΤΟΤΑΙ,

FOR

1893.

Other Plague. Causes.

Other Total. Plague. Causes.

Total.

5 years and under,

45 642

687

9971,059

6 to 16,

228

85 313

365

394

107 |1,639 |1,746 593 114 707

2,037

153

17 to 20,

201

65 266

256 100 356

21 to 30,

343

294 637

187

439

385

824

398

31 to 40,

315

287 602

86 181

410

373 783

486

41 to 50,

223 262 485

164

306 343 649

391

51 to 60,

109 184 293

181

207

267 474

291

61 to 70,

82 139

100

101 138 239

160

71 to 80,

75 118

81 and upwards, Unknown,

Total,... 1,565 1,945 3,510 9431,517 2,160

2,5083,462 | 5,970

4,135

Table VI.

HOSPITAL DEATHS.

157

British and Foreign.

Chinese.

Total.

Tung Wa Hospital, Government Civil Hospital, Alice Memorial Hospital, Royal Naval Hospital, Military Hospital,

1,091

110

•

Peak Hospital,

...

Hospital Hulk Hygeia,.

101

106

Government Small-pox,

Nethersole Hospital,

Alice and Nethersole Hospital (Kennedy Town),

Government Civil Hospital,

184

215

Temporary Chinese Hospital,

1,246

142

2,784

2,926

Table VII.

Report of the Number of Patients under Treatment in the Tung Wa Hospital during the year ended

31st December, 1894.

Remaining in Hospital on Dec. 31st, 1893.

Admitted during 1894.

Total under Treatment.

Discharged.

Patients.

Private

Male,

Female,...

Deaths.

Remaining in Hospital Dec. 31st, 1894.

Private

Destitute. Paying Destitute. Paying Destitute. Paying Destitute. Paying Destitute. Paying Destitute. Paying

Patients.

1,872

482

1,957

1,045

502

214

821

271

105

2,954

2,459

1,259

1,092

108

Total,

105

2,354

2,459

1,259

1,092

108

Out Patients, during the year, Male,......

Female,

..76,823.

.47,271.

158

Table VIII-A.—RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS

BRITISHI

AND

FOREIGN

COMMUNITY.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA DISTRICT.

DIVISION.

CLASSIFICATION

CAUSES OF DEATH.

(IN GRours.)

I.-General Diseases.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Sokonpo.

Bowrington.

Wantsai.

Hawau.

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Taipingshan.

Suiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

town.

Kennedy-

Harbour.

Group A.,

B.,

D.,

8429

63 10

148

26 148

627

282

107

1,677

149

2 27

ཚིས : ;

II.- Local Diseases.

The Nervous System,

22 1 1

The Circulatory System,.... 12

The Respiratory System,....

The Digestive System,

****

561

250

151

129

The Urinary System,....

སྨཱ :;

141

399

125

112

194

ล ล

The Generative System, Affections connected with

Pregnancy,

Affections consequent on

Parturition,

Diseases of the Organs of

Locomotion,

Diseases of the connective

Tissue,

The Skin,

III.-Ill-defined & Undiag-

nosed,.

...

TOTAL, ALL CAUSES,... 207 38

CAUSES.

I.-General Diseases.

A-Specific Febrile

Diseases.

Exanthemata.

Small-pox,

Measles,

Fever, Typhoid (Enteric),.

(Undiagnosed),

Cholera,

6 43

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Vomiting and Purging,

Dysentery,

Plague,

B.-Malarial.

:..

brand

222

67 964

50 827

1,596 620

1,703

338

131

Fever, Intermittent,

Remittent, Malarial Cachexia,. Beri-Beri,

C.-Septic.

Septicæmia....... Puerperal Septicemia,

QU-

Total Group A,... 63 10 2

· ་ ༔

187

101

255 223

18 148

...

1,672 118

ི:༤༧་

16.

26 148 627 282

14 1,677 149

REGISTERED DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1991.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

159

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

KAULUNG SHAUKIWAN ABERDEEN STANLEY

DISTRICT.

GRAND

TOTAL.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Under 1

Month.

Over 1 & under 12 Months.

Over 1 & under

.5 Years.

Over 5 & under] 15 Years.

Over 15 & un-

der 45 Years.

Over 45

Age

Years.

Unknown.

118

192

སྨྲས

567

1,900

738

: ܗ:

3,507

159 198

2:22:

693

177 206

114

22727:

508

258883

1,161 56

602

1,171

153

138

490

- Į

168 187

22323

557

290 205 128 129

4 877 562 571 732

2,923 1,695 47

7,407

}

· : :ཌ

: : : : : : 0

205

435

:::

43 46

114 456

1,404

539

2,552

a*::

حرة ::

3-3

96 34

142

165

28-8

02.10

118

73 192

567 1,900 738

3,507

160

RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CAUSES.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA DISTRICT.

DIVISION.

Civil.

Ariny.

Navy.

Sokonpo.

Bowrington.

Wantsai.

Brought forward,........ 63 10 2

General Diseases,--Conta

B.-Diseases dependent on

Specific External Agents.

Worms,

Sprue,

(1.)-Parasites.

(2.)-Poisons.

Vegetable (Unknown),

Opium,

(3.)-Effects of Injuries.

Burns and Scalds,

Heat Apoplexy,

Multiple Injury,

Injuries, General,

Local,

Asphyxia,

Drowning,

Strangulation,

Dislocation of Spine,

Shock,

Fractures,

Rupture of Spleen,....

Wounds,

(4).-Errors of Diet.

Alcoholism,

Total Group B........ 14 C.-Developmental

Diseases.

Immaturity at Births,

Debility,

Old Age,..

610-

Total Group C.,... 12

D.--Miscellaneous Diseases.

Rheumatism,

Malignant New Growth,

Scrofula,

Anæmia,

Diabetes Mellitus,

Sarcoma,

Epithelioma,

--i-wi ni ni

Malignant Tumour,

Tumour,-Cerebral,

Tabes Mesenterica,

Total Group D.,...

II.-Local Diseases.

The Nervous System.

Meningitis,

Concussion of Brain,

Brain Disease (Undefined),

Cerebrites,

Multiple Sclerosis,

Hawan.

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

Kennedy-

town.

Harbour.

18 148

26 148 627 282

...

Carried forward,... 98 17 3

1,677 149

:: ;:;

:27 | ུ

107

00 1-

...

153

175

778 310

14 1,679

176

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31sT DAY OF DECEMBER, 1894,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNIY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

KAULUNG SHAUKIWAN ABERDEEN STANLEY DISTRICT. DISTRICT. DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Under 1

Month.

Over 1 & under

12 Months.

Over 1 & under) 5 Years.

Over 5 & under) 15 Years.

Over 15 & un-

der 45 Years.

Years.

Over 45

118

*0=

177

10:

143

پسم

喽

10:

Unknown.

osv

161

GRAND TOTAL.

192

567

1,900 738

3,507

2 10

ลง

93 20

ANR

1 2 2 pod pod

•

159

•

7 132

198

208 596 2,091

866

3,889

162

CAUSES.

RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA DISTRICT.

DIVISION.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Sokonpo.

Brought forward,... 98 17 3

Bowrington.

Wantsai.

Hawan.

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

town.

Kennedy-

Harbour.

19 153

175

778 310

Local Diseases,-Contd.

The Nervous System.

Brought forward,... 6

Cerebral Effusion,

...

Hæmorrhage,

Apoplexy,

...

Paralysis,

Hemiplegia,.

Infantile Convulsions,

Eclampsia,

Tetanus,

Trismus,

496

Insanity,

Mania,

...

Puerperal,

1,679

176

]

114 46

158

~:~:OTOR :-

...

Dementia,

General Paralysis of the

Insane,.... Neuralgia,

Total Nervous System,... 22 The Circulatory System.

Heart Disease (Undefined),

Pericarditis,

Mitral Incompetence,.

Regurgitation,

561

230

151

2:2

8 5

Syncope,

Total Circulatory System,... 12

The Respiratory System.

C+

Bronchitis,

Asthma,

Bronchial Catarrh,

Pleurisy,

Pneumonia,

Phthisis,

21 9

Lung Disease (Undefined),.

Hæmoptysis,

Total Respiratory System,... 31 11

The Digestive System.

Diarrhoea,

Colic,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

3 1

Hepatitis,

Abscess of Liver,

Atrophy of Liver,

Peritonitis,

Jaundice,

224

13 142

398 125

...

128

153

•

~ :

210

ос

112

เง

Hernia,

Enteritis,

Quinsy,

...

Ulceration of Stomach,

Ascites,

Dropsy,

Dyspepsia,

97 I

Constipation,

Intestinal Obstruction,

Inflammation of Bowel,.

Total Digestive System,... 21

3 1

2 129

194 14

Carried forward,...184

64 898

588

1,536 527

1,692.303

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1894,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

DISTRICT.

KAULUNG SHAUKIWAN ABERDEEN STANLEY DISTRICT. DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Under 1

Month.

Over 1 & under

12 Months.

Over 1 & under

5 Years.

Over 5 & under 15 Years.

Over 15 & un-

der 45 Years.

Over 45

Years.

Age Un-

known.

143

107

...

70 18

...

7 10

...

•

...

163

GRAND TOTAL.

208

596

2,091

866

3,889

بع

...

168

205

...

653

...

61 ∞ ∞ co

...

383

659

...

693

177

བ: :

206

со

བལ

1,161

...

21+2

NON:

•

...

ලථ -T

338

439

...

::::

...

375

173

574

125

...

1895

508

602

1,171

...

3 112

1 2

316

...

212

...

•

...

•

...

་

.49

128

...

4 114

153

138

490

269

160 120 119

1242

709

375

479

709

2,802 1,653

6,767

164

RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA DISTRICT.

DIVISION.

CAUSES.

Hawan.

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

Kennedy-

town.

Harbour.

64 898

588 1,536 | 527 23 1,692 303

Sokonpo.

Bowrington.

Wantsai.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Brought forward,... 184 37

Local Diseases,Conta

The Urinary System.

Nephritis,

•

Bright's Disease,

...

142—

...

•

...

7 11

...

7 11

Calculus,

Suppression of Urine, Diabetes,

Disease of Bladder & Kidney,

Total Urinary System,...

The Generative System.

Menorrhagia,

Urinary Fistula,

Disease of Uterus,

Uterine Tumour,

Total Generative System,...! Affections connected with Pregnancy.

Abortion,

Affections consequent on Parturition.

....

Unknown, Died within a month after delivery, Unknown, Died during de-

livery,

Total Affections consequent

on Parturition, Diseases of the Organs

of Locomotion.

Necrosis of Elbow Joint,. Caries of Spine, Suppuration of Knee Joint,.

Total Diseases of the Organs

of Locomotion, Diseases of the connective Tissue.

Emphysema,

The Skin.

Carbuncle,

Acute Moist Gangrene,

Pemphigus,

Total Skin,...

III.-Ill-defined and

Undiagnosed.

Abscess, Ulcers,....

Blood Poisoning,

Disease of Bones & Joint,... General Atrophy,

Undiagnosed,

(Marasmus),..

•

7 1

•

...

:::

...

Total Class III,...) 12

GRAND TOTAL,,

....

207

...

:::

...

Jal

...

***

...

~~::

:-:

...

191

6 27

10 29

6 222

...

964

827

37 81

1,596 620

10 29

24 1,703 338

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31sT DAY OF DECEMBER, 1894,-Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

165

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

KAULUNG SHAUKIWAN ABERDEEN STANLEY DISTRICT. DISTRICT. DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

GRAND TOTAL.

709

2,802 1,653

pand cu gand

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Under 1

Month.

Over 1 & under 12 Months.

Over 1 & under

5 Years.

Over 5 & under 15 Years.

Over 15 & un- der 45 Years.

Over 45

Years.

Age Un-

known,

269

160 120

119

4 709

375

479

•

6,767

00.

N W

لم

116

齿齿

တ

co:

109

698

239

306

168

187

557

290 205

128

129

60 74 23

877 562

571 732

2,923 1,695

7,407

•

166

RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER OF DEATHS THAT OCCURRED IN THE

UNDERMENTIONED INSTITUTIONS,

During the Year ended the 31st day of December, 1894.

THE TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

Causes.

No.

THE ITALIAN Convent.

Causes.

No.

THE ASILE DE LA STE. ENFANCE.

Causes.

No.

Small-pox,

Fever,

127

Fever, (Undiagnosed),

165

Vomiting and Purging,

Tetanus var. Trismus,

158

Tetanus var. Trismus,

496

Dysentery,

Plague,

Atrophy (Marasmus),

191

......

Convulsions (Infantile),

Fever, Intermittent,

Remittent,

Convulsions (Infantile),..........

Diarrhoea,

125

وو

Worms,

Debility,

Beri-Beri,

Puerperal Septicemia,

Old Age,..

Rheumatism,

Anæmia,

Diarrhoea,.....

Atrophy (Marasmus),

104

Old Age,

Debility,

Eclampsia,

Old Age,

......

Tabes Mesenterica,

Dysentery,

Lung Disease,

Malignant Tumour,

Infantile Convulsions,

Lung Disease,..

Phthisis,

Eclampsia, ....

Tetanus,

Phthisis,

Paralysis,

Dementia,

2 Dropsy,

Neuralgia,

Meningitis,

Ulcers,

Heart Disease,

Pericarditis,

Mitral Regurgitation,.

Syncope,

Bronchitis,

121

Asthma,

Bronchial Catarrh,

Phthisis,

179

Lung Disease,.

Pleurisy,

Diarrhoea,

Jaundice,

Dyspepsia,

Cirrhosis of Liver,

Atrophy of Liver,

Ascites,

Dropsy,

Nephritis,

Bright's Disease,

Suppression of Urine,

Unknown died within a

month after delivery,

Disease of Uterus,

Emphysema,

Abscess, ....

Ulcer,

Undiagnosed,

1,091

430

867

Table VIII. (B.)

Return showing Death Rates in Different Groups of Ages for the year 1894.

167

British and Foreign.

Chinese.

Ages.

Deaths.

Per cent. of whole.

Deaths.

Per cent. of whole.

Under 1 month,.

3.59

868

12.13

Over 1 and under 12 months,

9.56

538

7.52

Over 1 and under 5 years,

3.59

562

7.86

Over 5 and under 15 years,

3.98

722

10.09

Over 15 and under 45 years,

149

59.36

2,774

38.76

Over 45 years,

19.12

1,647

23.01

Unknown,....

.80

.63

Total,......

251

100.00

7,156

100.00

Table IX.

Return showing the Number of Notices issued and Certificates of Successful Vaccination received under

Ordinance 5 of 1890,

during the year 1894.

Victoria,

Kaulung,

Shaukiwan,

Aberbeen,

Notices served to have children vaccinated.

Certificates of Successful Vaccination received.

Districts.

Total.

European.

Chinese.

European. Chinese.

100

567

667

135

653

788

102

Stanley,.....

100

686

786

135

710

845

DISTRICTS Nos.

10.

Table X.

A-Return of Householders' Certificates issued and Reports made to this Office of changes in tenancy under Ordinance 13 of 1888, during the Year 1894.

First Registration of Householders, Re-registration of Householders,...

Extract from Householders' Register, Removals of Householders, Duplicate Householders' Certificates,...... Reports of Changes in Tenancy,.

BUSINESS.

Agent for Kwai-chan Iron

Mining Co., ....

Amber-beads Dealer,

Arms Dealer,

Artificial Flower Dealer,....

Baker,

Bamboo Chair Maker,.

Bamboo Dealer,

Bamboo-shed Builder,.

Bamboo-ware Dealer,

168

300

169

183

~~:

...

1,096

794

144

1,466

256

225

1,277

1,184

191

1,595

249

242

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1894.

SHOPS OPENED.-Districts Nos.

SHOPS CLOSED.-Districts Nos.

{

I out.

Total.

£.

10.

...

•

...

Bank,

Barber,

Bean-cord Seller,

Bean and Oil Dealer,

Betel-nut Dealer,... Birds'-nest Dealer, Blacksmith,

Carried forward,

مشهر

...

}

...

ગ

...

SHOPS CLOSED.- Districts Nos.

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1894,-Continued.

SHOPS CLOSED.--Districts Nos.

BUSINESS.

Total.

Có

10.

Brought forward,.

Boat Buildor,

Brick and Tiles Dealer,

Building Contractor,

Cabinet Maker,

Caddy Maker,

Cake Maker,

Camphor Dealer,

Carpenter,

Chandler,

Charcoal Dealer,

Cigar Dealer,

Cigarette Co.,

྾མ་ཡ

Total.

10.

...

}

~~~~ : ~ :27

Cinnamon Dealer,

Clothier and Draper,

Coal Dealer,

•

...

Coffee House Dealer,

Coffin Maker,

Commission Agent,.

...

Confectioner,

...

Cooper,

...

Copper Mining Co., (Agent),...

...

Copper-smith,

...

Copper-ware Dealer,

Cotton and Yarn Dealer,.

Cotton-quilt Maker,....

...

Cow and Sheep Dealer,

Curios Dealer,

Dentist,.....

...

Dried Duck Seller,

...

Dried Meat Seller,

...

Druggist,

...

Dyer,....................

...

Earthen-ware Dealer,

Eating-house keeper,

European Clothes Dealer,

...

Fire Cracker Dealer,

Firewood Seller,

Fishmonger,

...

2⠀

...

Carried forward,....

122

351

109

333

322

169

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1894-Continued.

SHOPS OPENED.-Districts Nos.

SHOPS CLOSED.—Districts Nos.

BUSINESS.

Total.

10.

Brought forward,.

7 122

Flour Dealer,

...

Foreign Goods Dealer,

Fruit and Vegetable Dealer,

General Goods C'sion Agent,.

Fruiterer,

Furniture Dealer,.....

General Goods Dealer,

Ginseng Dealer,

Glass-ware Dealer,

...

Gold Raker,.

Ground Nut Dealer,

Haberdasher,

Hard-wood Dealer,

Hat-maker, .....

Husk Powder Dealer,

Image Maker,

Incense-stick Dealer,

Iron and Copper Dealer,

Iron and Copper-ware Dealer,...

Iron Dealer,

...

Iron Founder,

Iron Wire Dealer,

Jade-stone Dealer,

...

Jeweller,

Jinricksha Maker,

...

***

...

- al vei &

351

109

...

88999

13:

...

322

...

ON:

...

-- a co

...

***

་་་

2-96

...

Kerosine Oil Dealer,

Lacquered-ware Dealer,

Lamp Dealer,

Lautern Maker,

Lead Caddy Maker,.

Lard Dealer,................

Leather Dealer,

Leather-box Maker,....

Lodging-honse Keeper,

Looking-glass Frame Maker,...

Lye Dealer,

Machinist and Boiler-maker,

Marble Stone Dealer,

...

21:2

...

....

་་

ད

...

Carried forward,..

11 187

103

520

156

.:.

]

}

440

170

SHOPS CLOSED.— Districts Nos.

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1894,-Continued.

SHOPS OPENED.~ Districts Nos.

BUSINESS.

Total.

10.

Brought forward,...

11 187

38393

103

Marine Delicacies Dealer,

Mason,

...

Matches Dealer

233

520

156

...

Mat-bag Dealer,

...

Mat Dealer,

Medicinal Wine Dealer,

Merchant,

...

Milkman,

Mirror Maker,

...

Money Changer,

Oar Maker,

...

Oil Dealer,

...

Old Clothes Dealer,.

Olive Dealer,

...

Omnibus Co.,

Opium Dealer,

...

Opium (Prepared) Seller,

...

Paint Dealer,

...

Painter,.

...

Paper Dealer,

...

:::

...

Paper Manufactory,...

...

Pastry Seller,

...

440

...

Pestle Maker,

...

Photographer,

Picture-frame Maker,

Picture Paster,

...

6:2

414

...

co:

...

Piece Goods Dealer,

Pig Dealer,

Plumber,

Porcelain Dealer,

Portrait Painter,

Poulterer,

Rattan Chair Maker,

Rattan Dealer,

...

Roady-made Clothes Dealer,

Restaurant Keeper,

Rice Dealer,..

...

Roast Meat Dealer,

...

Carried forward,

325 111

98 156

831

∞

co ::

...

2123

...

668

...

273

117

118

171

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1894,-Continued.

SHOPS OPENED.-Districts Nos.

Shops Opened.—Districts Nos.

172

BUSINESS.

Total.

10.

Brought forward,.

325

111

156

831

273

117

118

668

Rope and Sail Maker,

...

Salt Dealer,

...

Salt Fish Dealer,

Sandalwood Dealer,

...

....

Sapanwood Dealer,

Sauce Dealer,

Scales Maker,

Scented Oil Dealer,.

Scroll, &c., Dealer,.

...

Second-hand Goods Dealer,

Sedan Chair Maker,.

...

Shark's fin Dealer,

...

***

...

123161

•

...

.....

...

Ship Charterer,

Ship Compradore, Shoemaker, Silversmith,

...

Skin Dealer,.

Stationer,

Steam-launch Co.,

Stocking Seller,

Straw Slipper Dealer,

...

~ : ~ : ~ :-

CO HP 09 1 N 01-19 N-AN

...

.་.་

Sugar Dealer, ....

Sundry Goods Dealer,.

Sweetmeat Dealer,

Syrup Dealer,

(

Tailor,

Tea Caddy Dealer,

Tea Dealer,

Tea Saloon Keeper,.

Timber Dealer,

...

Tinsmith,

Umbrella,

Varnish,

Victualler,

Washerman,

Watch Maker,

Wine Dealer,

Wooden Box Dealer,

TOTAL,

...

23 386 154 115 212

...

2295

NicoN

400 m 10 m

...

43847:

1,031

317

180

173

862

173

Table XI. (A.)

Statement of the Receipts and Expenditure relative to the Hongkong District Watchmen's Fund for the Year 1894.

EXPENDITURE.

RECEIPTS.

To Balance of previous Year,-

Disbursements in the year 1894:-

On fixed deposit,.

On current account,

.$10,972.50 Į

5,383.07 $16,355.57

Districts Nos. 1 and 2.

Wages of Head District Watchman, Wages of 4 Watchmen for 11 months, Į

and 3 Watchmen for 1 month,..

190.00

328.92

To Contributions by different Shops,

7,508.10

Oil,

15.24

Rent of Station,

54.24

To Fines,

2.10

Wages of Cook,.

48.00

Fittings and repairs to Watch house,

10.75

$ 647.15

To Payment for special services,....

11.70

District No. 3.

To Forfeiture of Bond,

7.90

Wages of Head District Watchman,

240.00.

To Refunds,.....

6.67

Wages of 13 Watchmen for 10 months,

and 12 Watchmen for 2 months,.

1,114.40

Oil,

35.88

To Interest,

579.13

Rent of Station,

Wages of Cook,.

Fittings and repairs,

276.00

48.00

12.76

-$1,727.04

District No. 4.

Wages of Head District Watchman,

240.00

Wages of 11 Watchmen for 10 months,

10 Watchmen for 1 month, and 9 Watchmen for 1 month,.

947.14

Oil,

33.24

Rent of Station,

216.00

Wages of Cook,..

48.00

Fittings and repairs,..

8.05

-$1,492.43

District No. 5.

Wages of Head District Watchman,

225,50

Wages of 11 Watchmen for 6 months, 10

Watchmen for 5 months, and Watchmen for 1 month,

916.61

Oil,

33.24

Rent of Station,

312.00

Wages of Cook,

+8.00

Fittings and repairs,

13.81

-$1,549.16

District No. 6.

Wages of Head District Watchman,.

Wages of 12 Watchmen for 12 months,..

240.00 1,042.91

Oil,

Rent of Station,

38.40

251.00

Wages of Cook,

.....

Fittings and repairs,

48.00 12.46

-$1,632.77

Districts Nos. 7 and 8.

Wages of Head District Watchman, Wages of 6 Watchmen for 11 months, Į

and 5 Watchmen for 1 month,

240.00

539.00

Oil,

23.04

Rent of Station,

113.89

Wages of Cook,

Fittings and repairs,

48.00

......

130.22

-$1,094.15

Miscellaneous Expenses.

Collector's Wages,

173.50

Manager's Wages,

96.00

Chinese Writer's Wages,

60.00

Detective's Wages from 26th October,

1891,

32.90

Gratuities,

37.50

Uniforms and equipment,

503.75

Printing and Stationery,

81.77

Advertising,

22.25

Badges for members of District Watch-

men's Committee.....

71.50

Photographs,

22.21

Coolie hire,

19.83

Sundries,

19.17

Loss on exchange,

58.43

$1,198.81

Total,....

.$24,471.17

Expenditure for the year 1894,.

Balance in hand,-

Total,..

.$ 9,341.51

On fixed deposit,....

On current account,

.$13,000.00 2,129.66

15,129.66

TOTAL,.............

.$24,471.17

.$9,341.51

174

Dr.

Table XI. (B.)

STATE OF DISTRICT WATCHMEN FORCE.

The Force consists at present of 69 men.

6 Head Watchmen,

8 Watchmen,

7 Watchmen,

47 Watchmen,

1 Detective, ..

2 Watchmen receive

2 Watchmen receive 5 Watchmen receive

...

3 Watchmen resigned in 1894.

2 Died.

5 Were dismissed.

11 Entered the Force.

$240 a year.

وو

@ $ 84

$180 "

$2.00 a month extra pay.

وو

•

$1.50 $1.00

་་་

Table XII. (A.)

Statement of Account of the Market Charitable Fund 1894.

Cr.

C. .

To Amount on fixed deposit,

1,000.00

By Mak Lo Shi, widow of ex C. C. Mak Tak.........

Mrs. Bennett (Victoria Home),

5.00

50.00

Amount on current deposit,

597.84

Chan Ho and children passage to Canton

&c.,

2.00

Amount in the hands of the shroff,

19.20

Lui Ching Cheung and 4 others passage to

Canton,

2.00

Amount refunded by Lui Ching Cheung,

2.00

Leung Ü for his passage to Canton,

0.60

A shipwrecked man surnamed Chau for

وو

Interest on current deposit,..

5.33

petty expenses,

0.50

Paid boat hire to take the man on board

Interest on fixed deposit,

50.00

steamer,

0.15

Paid to Chan Su,

3.00

Interest on current deposit to date,

5.13

Paid to Su Pak Yung,..

2.00

Paid to Rt. Rev. Bishop Burdon in aid of Mr.

A. Han's passage,

25.00

Paid to Lam Ngan-tsoi passage to Canton,.... Paid to a Chinaman to help him back to

0.50

Canton,

......

1.00

Paid to a European Lady for petty expenses,

Paid to Un King passage to Canton and

other expenses,

1.20

1.00

Paid to Chan Seung alias Li Seung,

1.00

Balance carried to new account,.......

1,584.55

1,679.50

Dr.

1,679.50

Table XII.

(B.)

Statement of Account of the Passage Money Fund 1894.

Cr.

$ C.

€

To Balance in the hands of shroff,

189.76

By Passage money returned,

57.90

Passage Money of Lo Un and Lai Kam 60

and 61. China,

9.90

Paid to Chan Cheung-mui, widow of Cheung

,, Passage Money of Ko Tung Choy 63 S.S.

China,..

9.00

Ün Sú of Wong Nei Chung as a chari-

,, Passage Money of Lo Sham 73 S.S. Wing

Sang,

5.00

table allowance, ....

5.00

Passage Money of Liu Sun, Leung Sui, Li

Mui 30, 32 and 81 S.S. A. Apcar,

21.00

Balance in the hands of the shroff,

207.76

,, Passage Money of Chan Sam 98 S.S. Hongay, ,, Passage Money of Chan Yuk 113,

5.00

7.00

Passage Money of Tung Tai-tsoi 114, Passage Money of Lau Kam-tsoi 180 S.S.

Kutsang,

7.00

5.00

,, Passage Money of Chan, Lan 35 C. Apcar,...

Passage Money of Su I. 155 Poseidon,....

6.00

270.66

HONGKONG.

STATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Ex

REVENUE.

COLONY OF HONGKONG.

RETURN OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE DURING THE YEAR ENDED

Amount Total Estimated. Revenue.

More than Less than Estimated. Estimated.

EXPENDITU

Charge on Account of Public Debt, Pensions,

Governor and Legislature.

Colonial Secretary's Department, Audit Department,.

Treasury,

Public Works Department,. Post Office,

Registrar General's Department, Harbour Master's Department, Lighthouses,

Observatory,

Stamp Office.

Botanical and Afforestation Depart

Legal Departments,

Ecclesiastical,

Education,

Medical Departments,

Magistracy,

Fire Brigade,

Sanitary Department,

Charitable Allowances, Transport,

Miscellaneous Services,. Military Expenditure, Public Works Recurrent,

LIGHT DUES,

LICENCES AND INTERNAL REVENUE NOT OTHERWISE SPE-

:92,000

92,909.31

909.31

CIFIED:-

Arms Ordinance,.

Assessed Taxes,

200

140.00

60.00

Auctioneers' Licences,

Billiard Tables and Bowling Alleys Licences,

Boarding-house Licences,

Boat Licences,

Cargo Boat Licences,

Carriage, Chair, &c., Licences,.

Chinese Passenger Ships Licences,

Chinese Undertakers' Licences,

Dog Licences,

Emigration Brokers' Licences,. Fines,

Forfeitures,

Hawkers' Licences,

Junk Licences,

Marine Store Dealers' Licences,

Marriage Licences,..

Money Changers' Licences,

Opium Monopoly,

384,800 2,100

394,424.43

9,624,43

1,500.00

$600.00

1,150

850.00

.300.00

175

175.00

5,600

6,151.00

9,600

10,088.00

551:00 438.00

40,000

39,436.55

563.45

400

260.00

...

140,00

130

160.00

1,500

2,737.50

30.00 1,237.50

1,000

1,200.00

200.00

27,000

22,055.80

4,944.20

700

8,564.69 7,864.69

5,200

4,723.50

476.50

24,000

25,147.55

1,147.55

720

930:00

210.00

Police,

300

121.00

179.00

Gaol.

600

545.00

55.00

340,800

340,800.00

Pawnbrokers' Licences,..

15,050

14,700.00

350.00

Shooting Licences,

180.00

55.00

Spirit Licences,

51.000

49,348.00

1,652.00

Stamps,..

145,000

Steam-Launch Licences,

1,500

169.039.55 2,785.75

24.039.55 1.285.75

FEES OF Court or OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC PUR-

POSES, AND REIMBURSEMENTS IN AID-

Bills of Health,

2,000

1,917.00

Births and Deaths, Registration of..

Cargo Boat Certificates,

110 1,500

108.55

83.00 1.45

Cemetery Burials,

600

Cemetery Fees from Public Cemeteries for Chinese,

1,400

1,786.00 588.35 1,753.90

286.00

11.65

358.00

Chinese Gazette, Sale of

46.00

4.00.

Companies, Registration of

1,000

1,220.75

220.75

Convict Labour and other items,

3,200

3,467.51

267.54

Deeds, Registration of

4,000

3,016.00

·984,00

Discharge of Crews and Seamen,

7,000

7,772.40

772.40

Examination of Masters, &c.,

2,090

1,832.50

257.50

Fees of Court,

15,600

14,643.13

956.87

Fees on Grant of Leases.

400

605.00

205.00

Gaol Expenses,-Recovery from Diplomatic, Naval and Mi-

litary Departments,

500

900.25

Gunpowder, Storage of......

4,500

Householders, Registration of

1,400

10,214.03 1.229.00

400.25 5,714.03

171.00

Imperial Post Office, Contribution from

5,680

8,421.45

2,741.45

Lock Hospital, Grant-in-Aid from Admiralty,

800

951.41

131.1

Medical Examination of Emigrants,

26,000

15,028.50

4,971.50

Medical Registration Fees,

10.00

Medical Treatment of Sick Seamen, and others in Civil Hospital,

13,000

15,890.66

2,890.66

Official Administrator and Trustee,.

2,200

884.88

1,315.12

Official Signatures,.

150

257.00

107.00

Printed Forms, Sale of

100

133.50

33.50

Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent for

2,400

2,520.00

120.00

Registry Fees,

300

353.00

53.00

Shipping Crews and Seamen,.

7,500

8,744.20

1,244.20

Sick Stoppages from Police Force,

800

891.14

91.14

Steam-Launches, Surveyor's Certificate,

1,000

1,755.00

755,00

Subsistence Money of Seamen and others in Victoria Gaol,

300

Survey of Steam-Ships,..

10,000

Trade Marks, Registration of

Victoria College, Fees from Scholars,

School for Girls,

Do.,

600 13,000 500

262.75 9,286.43 852.30 11,562.00 329.00

37.25 713.57

252.30

1,438.00

171.00

Sunday Cargo-Working Permits,

3,000

13,250.00

10.250.00

Refund of Police Pay,

1,000

Refund Cost of Police and other Stores,.

100

1,628.88 1,187.73 1,087.73

628.88

Maintenance of Gap Rock Lighthouse, Contribution from

Chinese Imperial Government towards the

750

750,00

Construction of Gap Rock Lighthouse,-Contribution from

Chinese Imperial Government,

POST OFFICE :—

•

! -༞ །༣།

HONGKONG.

ING THE TOTAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN THE YEAR 1894.

itive Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

COLONY OF HONGKONG.

AND EXPENDITURE DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1894.

Total Revenue.

More than Less than

Estimated. Estimated.

EXPENDITURE.

No.

95,

Amount

Total

More than Less than

Estimated. Expenditure. Estimated. Estimated.

$ “. 92,909.31

909.31

140.00

$60.00

394,421.43

9,624.43

1,500.00

600.00

850,00

-300.00

175.00

6,151.00

Charge on Account of Public Debt, Pensions,

Governor and Legislature,

Colonial Secretary's Department, Audit Department,.

Treasury,

Public Works Department,. Post Office,

$ 177,026 86,260

221,812,64

$ 44,786.64

100,077.28 13,817.28

41,339

44,401.76 3,062.76

35,976 37,453.04 1,477.04

10,000

9,343.39

656.61

24,888

23,287.05

1,600.93

89,791

85,956.36

3,834.64

163,646

183,352.15 | 19,706.15

551:00

Registrar General's Department,

24,726

23,185.21

1,540.79

10,088.00

438.00

Harbour Master's Department,

60,707

60,819.71

112.71

39,436.55

563.45

Lighthouses,

15,418

14,657.73

760,27

260,00

140.00

Observatory,

12,752

13,653.79

901.79

160.00

30.00

Stamp Office.

4,318

4,351.40

33.40

2,737.50

1,200.00 22,055.80 8,564.69 4,723.50

...

1,237.50 200.00

Botanical and Afforestation Department,

20,950

24,637.21

3,687.21

Legal Departments,

70,538

75,619.30

5,081.30

1,941.20

Ecclesiastical,

2,200

1,840,00

360.00

7,864.69

Education,

79,886

79,262.95

623.05

476.50

Medical Departments,

84,714

84,143.05

570.95

25,147.55

1,147.55

Magistracy,

25,172

22,184.96

2,987.04

930.00

210.00

Police,

235,884

218,208.68

17,675.32

121.00

179.00

Gaol.

59,024

55,695.29

3,328.71

545.00

55.00

Fire Brigade,

20,098

20,367,72 269.72

340,800.00

Sanitary Department,

62,557

61,566.36

990.64

14,700.00

350.00

Charitable Allowances,

5,200

4,973.47

* 226.53

180.00

55.00

Transport,

3,000

1,927.31

1,072.69

49,348.00

1,652.00

Miscellaneous Services,

72,411

277,329.00 | 204,918.00

169.039.55

2,785.75

24,039.55 1.285.75

Military Expenditure,

332,000 381,127.13 49,127.13-

Public Works Recurrent,

162,500

156,358.71

7,141.29

1:917.00 108.55

83.00

1.45

1,786.00

286.00

588.35

11.65

1,753.90

353.90

46.00

4.00

1,220.75

220.75

3,467.54

267.54

3,016.00

981.00

7,772.40

772,40

1,832.50

257.50

14,643.13

956.87

605.00

295.00

900.25

400.25

10,214.03 5,714.03

1,229.00

171.00

8,421.45 2,741.45

951.41

131.41

15,028,50

4,971.50 10.00

15,890.66 2,890.66

884.88

1,315.12

257.00

107.00

133.50

33.50

2,520.00

120.00

353.00

53.00

8,744.20

1,244.20

891,14

91.14

1,755.00 262.75

9,286.43 852 30 11,562,00

329,00

755,00

37.25 713.57

252.30

1,438.00

171.00

13,250.00

10.250.00

1,628,88

628.88

1,187.73 1,087.73

750,00

Boat Licences,.

5,600

6,151.00

551.60

Cargo Boat Licences,.

9,600

10,088.00

438.00

Carriage, Chair, &c., Licences,..

40,000

39,436.55

563.45

Chinese Passenger Ships Licences,

400

260.00

140.00

Chinese Undertakers' Licences,

130

160.00

30.00

Dog Licences,

1,500

2,787.50

1,237.50

Emigration Brokers' Licences,.... Fines,

1,000

1,200.00

200.00

27,000

22,055.80

4,944.20

Forfeitures,

Hawkers' Licences,

Junk Licences,

Marine Store Dealers' Licences,

Marriage Licences,..... Money Changers' Licences,

Opium Monopoly,

Pawnbrokers' Licences,..

700

8,564.69

7,864.69

5,200

4,723.50

176.50

24,000

25,147.55

1,147.55

720

930.00

210.00

300

121.00

179.00

600

545.00

55.00

340,800

340,800.00

15,050

14,700.00

350.00

Shooting Licences,

130.00

55.00

Spirit Licences,

51.000

49,348.00

1,652.00

Stamps,...

145,000

169.039.55

24.039.55

Steam-Launch Licences,

1,500

2,785.75

1,285.75

FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC PUR-

POSES, AND REIMBURSEMENTS IN AID-

Bills of Health,.

Births and Deaths, Registration of.

2.000 110

1,917.00

108.55

83.00 1.45

Cargo Boat Certificates,

1,500

1,786,00

286.00

Cemetery Burials,

600

588.35

11.65

Cemetery Fees from Public Cemeteries for Chinese,

1,400

1,753.90

353.90

Chinese Gazette, Sale of

46.00

4.00

Companies, Registration of

1.000

1,220.75

220.75

Convict Labour and other items,

3,200

3,467,54

267.54

Deeds, Registration of

4,000

3,016.00

984:00

Discharge of Crews aud Seamen,

7,000

7,772.40

772.40

Examination of Masters, &c.,

2,090

1,832.50

257.50

Fees of Court,

1-5,600

14,643.13

956.87

Fees on Grant of Leases.

400

605.00

295.00

Gaol Expenses,-Recovery from Diplomatic, Naval and Mi-

litary Departments,

500

900.25

400.25

Gunpowder, Storage of......

4,500

10,214.03

5,714.03

Householders, Registration of

1,400

1,229.00

171.00

Imperial Post Office, Contribution from

5,680

8,421.45

2,741.45

Lock Hospital, Grant-in-Aid from Admiralty,

800

951.41

191.44

Medical Examination of Emigrants,

26,000

15,028.50

4,971.50

Medical Registration Fees,

10.00

Medical Treatment of Sick Seamen, and others in Civil Hospital,

13,000

15,890.66

2,890.66

Official Administrator and Trustee,..

2,200

884.88

1,315.12

Official Signatures,...

150

257.00

107.00

Printed Forms, Sale of

100

133.50

33.50

Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent for

2,400

2,520.00

120.00

Registry Fees,

300

353.00

53.00

Shipping Crews and Seamen,.

7,500

8,744.20

1,241.20

Sick Stoppages from Police Force,.

800

891.14

91.14

Steam-Launches, Surveyor's Certificate,

1,000

1,755.00

755.00

Subsistence Money of Seamen and others in Victoria Gaol,

300

262.7ă

Survey of Steam-Ships,..

Trade Marks, Registration of

Victoria College, Fees from Scholars,

School for Girls,

Do.,

10,000 600 13,000 500

9,286.43

37.25 713.57

852.30

252.30

11,562.00

329.00

1,438.00 171.00

Sunday Cargo-Working Permits,

3,000

13,250.00

10.250.00

Refund of Police Pay,

1,000

Refund Cost of Police and other Stores,....

100

1,628.88 1,187.73 1,087.73

628.88

Maintenance of Gap Rock Lighthouse, -Contribution from

Chinese Imperial Government towards the ... Construction of Gap Rock Lighthouse,-Contribution from

Chinese Imperial Government,

750

750.00

POST OFFICE :—

Postage.....

157,000

192,172.42 35,172.42

RENT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY, LAND AND HOUSES:—

Buildings,

550

1,288.00

733.00

Laundries,

400

320.00

80.00

Lands not Leased,

6,500

7,571.45 1,071.45

Stone Quarries,

10,000

15,250.00

5.250.00

Leased Lands,..

200,000

228,555.67

28,555.67

Slaughter House,

40,000

40,584.00

584.00

Markets,

55,000

55.578.81

578.81

Cattle Shed,.

2,400

2,580.00

180.00

Piers,..

3,000

4,261.29

1,261.29

INTEREST,

30,000

37,051,95

7,051.95

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS:-

Condemned Stores, &c.,

1,500

1,531.58

31.56

Interest for use of Furniture at Government House,

240

368.10

128.10

Night Soil Contracts,.

23,280

23,280.00

Other Miscellaneous Receipts,

Profit on Subsidiary Coins,

59,103.14 49,103.14

60,000 133,824.13 73,824.13

TOTAL, exclusive of Land Sales and Water Account,...$ 1,879,010 2,138,228.38 279,744.44 | 20,526.06

10,000

LAND SALES,

WATER ACCOUNT-Ord. 16 of 1890,

Registrar General's Department, Harbour Master's Department, Lighthouses,

Observatory.

Stamp Office.

Botanical and Afforestation Departmer Legal Departments,

Ecclesiastical,

Education,

Medical Departments, Magistracy,

Police,

Gaol.

Fire Brigade,

Sanitary Department, Charitable Allowances, Transport,

Miscellaneous Services,. Military Expenditure. Public Works Recurrent,

50,000 71,294.38 21,294.38

66,200 12,000

77,680.56

Public Works, Extraordinary,

519.44

TOTAL,.......

$ 2,007,210 2,287,203.32 | 301,038.82 21,045.50

TOTA

Public Works Extraordinary chargeabl

Treasury, Hongkong, 28th February, 1895.

850.00 175.00

300.00

151.00

038.00

551.00 438.00

Harbour Master's Department,

Public Works Department, Post Office,

Registrar General's Department,

89,791

do.Vn6.36

163,646

183,352.15

19.706.15

24,726

23,185.21

1,540.79

60,707

60,819.71

112.71

436.55

563.45

Lighthouses,

15,418

14,657.73

760.27

260.00

140.00

Observatory,

12,752

13,653.79

901.79

160.00

737.50

30.00 1,287.50

Stamp Office.

4,318

4,351.40

33.40

Botanical and Afforestation Department,

:20,950

24,637.21

3,687.21

200.00

Legal Departments,

70,538

.055.80

4,944.20

75,619.30 5,081.30

Ecclesiastical,

2,200

1,840.00

360.00

564.69

7,864.69

Education,

79,886

79,262.95

623.05

723.50

476.50

Medical Departments,

84,714

84,143.05

570.95

147.55

1,147.55

Magistracy,

25,172.

22,184.96

2,987.04

930.00

210.00

Police,

235,884

218,208.68

17,675.32

123.00

179.00

Gaol.

59,024

55,695.29

3.328.71

545.00

55.00

Fire Brigade,

20,098

20,367.72

269.72

.800.00

.700.00

350.00

180.00

55.00

348.00

1,652.00

.039.55

24.039.55

785.75

1,285.75

Sanitary Department,

Charitable Allowances,

Transport, ....

Miscellaneous Services, Military Expenditure, Public Works Recurrent,

62,557

61,566.36

990.64

5,200

4,978.47

226.53

3,000

1,927.31

1,072.69

72,411

277,329.00 204,918.00

332,000 162,500

381,127.13 49,127.13 155,358.71

7,141.29

.917.00

83.00

108.55

1.45

.786.00

286.00

589.35

11.65

,753.90

853.90

46.00

4.00

,220.75

220.75

467.54

267.54

,016.00

984.00

.772.40

772.40

,$32.50

257.50

,643.13

956.87

605.00

205.00

900.25

400.25

,214.03 5,714.03

.229.00

171.00:

,421.45

2,741.45

951.41

151.40

,,028.50

4,971.50

10.00

,890.66

2,890.66

884.88

1,315.12

257.00

107.00

133.50

33.50

2,520.00

120.00

353.00

53.00

3,744.20

1,241.20

891.14

91.11

1,755.00

755,00

262.75

),286.43

37.25 713.57

852.30

252.30

1,562.00

1,438.00

329.00

171.00

3,250.00

10.250.00

1,628.88

628.88

1,187.73

1,087.73

750.00

2,172.42

35,172.42

1,283.00

733.00

320.00

80.00

7,57145 1,071.45

5,250.00 5.250.00

8,555.67 28,555.67

0,584.00

584.00

5.578.81

578.81

2,580.00

180.00

4,261.29 1,261.29

$7,051.95

7,051.95

1,531.58

31.56

368.10

128.10

23,280.00

¡9,103.14 49,103.14

$3,824.13 73,824.13

18,228.38279,744.44 20,526.06

1,294.38

77,680.56

21,294.38

Public Works, Extraordinary,

519.44

37,203.32301,038.82| 21,045.50

1,982,981 2,286,592.65 | 346,981.13

16,000 12,503.35

43,369.48

3,496.65

TOTAL,..

1,998,981 | 2,299,096.00| 346,981.13

46,866.13

Public Works Extraordinary chargeable against the 1893 Loan, $

348,500

236,810.02

11,689.98

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES, Colonial Treasurer,

101

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE COLONY

REVENUE.

1893.

DECREASE,

EXPENDITURE.

1894.

INCREASE.

C. $

$ c.

LIGHT DUES,

96,064.09

92,909.31

3,154.78

LICENCES AND INTERNAL REVENUE NOT OTHERWISE

SPECIFIED :-

Arms Ordinance,...

Assessed Taxes, .

Auctioneers' Licences,

180.00

394,224.55

140.00 394,424.43

40.00

199.88

2,100.00

1,500.00

600.00

Billiard Tables and Bowling Alleys Licences,

1,150.00

850.00

300.00

Boarding House Licences,

175.00

Boat Licences,

8,661.00

6.151.00

2,510.00

Cargo Boat Licences,

7,726.25

10,038.00

2,311.75

Carriage, Chair, &c., Licences,

40,741.10

39,436.55

1,304.55

Chinese Passenger Ships Licences,.

410.00

260.00

150.00

Chinese Undertakers' Licences,.

140.00

160.00

Dog Licences,

1,221.60

2,737.50

20.00 1,515.90

Emigration Brokers' Licences,.

1,400.00

1,200.00

200.00

Fines,

21,979.36

22,055.80

76.44

Forfeitures,

2,409.61

8,564.69

6,155.08

Hawkers' Licences,..

5,680.50

4,723.50

957.00

Junk Licences,

25,341.35

25,147.55

193.80

Marine Store Dealers' Licences,

795.00

930.00

135.00

Charge on Account of Public Debt,.......... Pensions,.

Governor and Legislature,

Colonial Secretary's Department,

Audit Department,

Treasury,

Public Works Department,

Post Office...

Registrar General's Department,.

Harbour Master's Department,

Lighthouses...

Observatory,

Stamp Office,

Botanical and Afforestation Departme

Legal Departments,

Ecclesiastical Department,

Education,

Medical Departments, Magistracy,

Police,

Marriage Licences,

334.00

121.00

213.00

Gaol,

Money Changers' Licences,

550,00

545.00

5.00

Fire Brigade,.

Opium Monopoly,...

340,800.00

Pawnbrokers' Licences,.

15,750,00

14,700.00

1,050.00

Shooting Licences,

135.00

130.00

5.00

Spirit Licences,

51,577.81

49,348.00

2,229.81

Stamps,

142,021.73

169,039.55

Steam-launch Licences,...

2,162.00

2,785.75

27,017.82 623.75

FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC

PURPOSES, AND REIMBURSEMENTS IN AID :-

Sanitary Department,

Charitable Allowances,

Transport,.

Miscellaneous Services, Military Expenditure, Public Works, Recurrent, Public Works, Extraordinary,

Bills of Health,.

2,307.00

1,917.00

390.00

Births and Deaths, Registration of..

126.90

108.55

18.35

Cargo Boat Certificates,.

1,839.00

1,786.00

53.00

Cemetery Burials,..

822.14

588.35

233.79

Cemetery Fees from Public Cemeteries for Chinese,

1,387.00

1,753.90

366.90

Chinese Gazette, Sale of...

51.00

46.00

5.00

Companies, Registration of

1,441.00

1,220.75

220.25

Convict Labour and other items,

4,471.83

8,467.51

Deeds, Registration of

3,648.00

3,016.00

Discharge of Crews and Seamen,

7,836.80

7,772.40

Examination of Masters, &c.,

2,267.50

1,832.50

1,004.29 632.00 64.40

435.00

Fees of Court,

12,609.88

14,643,13

Fees on Grant of Leases,.

565.00

605.00

2,033.25 40.00

Gaol Expenses,-Recovery from Diplomatic, Naval,

and Military Departments,

684.23

900.25

Gunpowder, Storage of

3,422.23

10,214.03

216.02 6,791.80

Householders, Registration of

1,409.50

1,229.00

180 50

Imperial Post Office, Contribution from

4,279.43

8,421.45

4,142.02

Lock Hospital, Grant-in-Aid from Admiralty,

790.23

Medical Examination of Emigrants,

24,356.50

951.41 15,028.50

161.18

Medical Registration Fees...

5.00

9,328.00 5.00

Medical Treatment of Sick Seamen and others in Civil

Hospital,

17,149.63

15,890.66

1,258.97

Official Administrator and Trustee,.

2,785.25

884.88

1,900.37

Official Signatures,

289.00

257.00

32.00

Printed Forms, Sale of

207.00

133.50

73.50

Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent for.

2,520.00

Registry Fees, (Merchant Shipping Act),

239.00

Shipping Crews and Seamen,

8,630.80

Sick Stoppages from Police Force,

1,034.82

353,00 8,744.20 891.14

114.00

113.40

143.68

Steam-launches, Surveyor's Certificate.

1,675.00

1,755.00

80.00

Subsistence Money of Seamen and others in Victoria

Gaol,

325.25

262.75

62.50

Survey of Steam-ships,

9,515.75

9,286.43

229.32

Trade Marks, Registration of

1,051.50

852.30

199.20

Victoria College, Fees from Scholars,.

12,348.00

11,562.00

786.00

School for Girls, Fees from Scholars,

335.00

329.00

6.00

Sunday Cargo-Working Permits,..

7,900.00

13,250.00

5,350.00

Refund of Police Pay,

1,905.10

1,628.88

276.22

Refund Cost of l'olice and other Stores,..

3,238.14

1,187.73

2,050 41

Maintenance of Gap Rock Lighthouse,-Contribution

from Chinese Imperial Government towards the... Construction of Gap Rock Lighthouse,-Contribution

from Chinese Imperial Government,

1,500.00

750.00

7,500.00

POST OFFICE :-

Postage,

167,596.77

192,172.42 24,575.65

RENT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY, LAND AND HOUSES :-

Buildings,

Laundries,

Lands not Leased,

Stone Quarries,

977.26 380.00 7,283,37 11,280.00

Leased Lands,

210,850.10

1,283.00 320.00 7,571.45 15,250.00 228,555.67

305.74

60.00

288.08 3,970.00 17,705.57

Slaughter House,..

40,236.00

Markets,

54,033.80

40,584.00 55.578.81

348.00

Cattle Shed,

2.460.00

2,580.00

Piers,

3,653.18

4.261.29

1,545.01

120.00 608.11

INTEREST,

6,802.54

37,051.95

30,249.41

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS :—

Condemned Stores, &e..

2.746.15

1.531.56

614.59

IE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE COLONY OF HONGKONG IN 1893 & 1894.

394.

INCREASE.

DECREASE,

EXPENDITURE,

1893.

1894.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

909.31

$ C.

$ c.

3,154.78

Charge on Account of Public Debt,..

166,782.86

221,812.64

55,029,78

Pensions,.

86,706.79

100,077.28

13,370.49

Governor and Legislature,

42,134.88

44,401.76

2,266,88

140.00

40.00

Colonial Secretary's Department,

31,499.51 37,453.04

5,953,53

,424.43

199.88

Audit Department,

10,408.97

9,343.39

1,065.58

,500.00

600.00

Treasury,

22,527.24

23,287.05

759.81

850.00

800.00

Public Works Department,

84,459.29

85,956.36

1,497.07

175.00

Post Office..

153,286.96

183,352.15

30,065.19

,151.00

2,510.00

Registrar General's Department,..

26,729.86

23,185.21

3,514.65

038.00

2,311.75

Harbour Master's Department,

58,338.41

60,819.71

2.481.30

436.55

1,301.55

Lighthouses....

13,815.96

14.657.73

$41.77

260.00

150.00

Observatory,

13,247.10

13,653.79

406.69

160.00

20.00

Stamp Office,

4,233,56

4,351.40

117.84

,737.50

1,515,90

Botanical and Afforestation Department,

21,141.34

24,637.21

3.495.87

,200.00

200.00

Legal Departments,

71,227.23

75,619.30

4,392.07

,055.80

76.44

Ecclesiastical Department,

1,815.00

1,840.00

25.00

,564.69

6,155.08

Education,

78,213.84 79,262.95

1,049.11

,723.50

937.00

Medical Departments,

82,023.55

84.143.05

2,119.50

,147.55

193.80

Magistracy,

21,341,58

22,184.96

843.38

930.00

135.00

Police,

222,031,85

218,208.68

3,823.17

121.00

213.00

Gaol,

54.748.84

55,695.29

946.45

545.00

5.00

Fire Brigade,.......

18,821.11

20,367.72

1,546.61

800.00

,700.00

1,050.00

130,00

5.00

348.00

2,229.81

_039.55

27,017.82

,785.75

623.75

Sanitary Department,

Charitable Allowances,

Transport,...

Miscellaneous Services, Military Expenditure,

Public Works, Recurrent,

59,599.82

61,566.36

1,966.54

3,721.00

4,973.47

1,252.47

1,602.06

1,927.31

325.25

97.847.71

277,329.00

179.481.29

306,744.73

381,127.13

74,382.40

148,643.52

155,358.71

6,715.19

Public Works, Extraordinary,

* 16,828.99

† 12,503.35

4,325.64

917.00

390.00

103.55

18.35

786.00

53.00

588.35

233.79

753.90

366,90

46.00

5.00

220.75

220.25

467.54

016.00

772.40

832.50

1,004.29 632.00 64.40 435.00

643.13

2,033.25

605.00

40.00

900.25

216.02

214.03

6,791,80

229.00

180 50

421.45

4,142.02

951.41

161.18

028.50

9,328.00

5.00

890.66

1,258.97

884.88

1,900.37

257.00

32.00

133.50

73.50

520.00

4.4

353.00

114.00

744.20

113.40

891.14

143.68

755.00

80,00

262.75

62.50

286.43

229.32

852.30

199.20

562.00

786.00

329.00

6.00

250.00

5,350.00

,628.88

276.22

187.73

2,050 41

750.00

7,500.00

172.42 24,575.65

-283.00

305.74

320.00

60.00

571.45

288.08

250.00

3.970.00

555.67

17,705.57

584.00

348.00

578,81

1,545.01

580.00

120.00

261.29

608.11

,051.95

30,249.41

,531.56

614.59

390.00

Charitable Allowances, Transport.....

Miscellaneous Services, Military Expenditure, Public Works, Recurrent, Public Works, Extraordinary,

Pawnbrokers' Licences,.

15,750.00

14,700.00

Shooting Licences,

135.00

Spirit Licences,

51,577.81

130.00 49.348.00

1.050.00 5.00

2,229,81

Stamps,

142,021.73

169,089.55

Steam-launch Licences,.

2,162.00

2,785,75

27,017.82 623.75

FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC

PURPOSES, AND REIMBURSEMENTS IN AID:

Bills of Health,.

2,307.00

1,917.00

Births and Deaths, Registration of...

126.90

103.55

18.35

Cargo Boat Certificates,.

1,839.00

1,786.00

53.00

Cemetery Burials,.

822.14

588.35

233.79

Cemetery Fees from Public Cemeteries for Chinese,

1,387.00

1,753.90

366.00

Chinese Gazette, Sale of..

51.00

46.00

5.00

Companies, Registration of

1,441.00

1,220.75

Convict Labour and other items,

4,471.83

8,467.51

Deeds, Registration of

3,648.00

3,016.00

Discharge of Crews and Seamen,

7,836.80

7,772.40

220.25 1,004.29 632.00 64.40

Examination of Masters, &c.,.

2,267.50

1,832.50

435.00

Fees of Court,

12,609.88

14,643.13

Fees on Grant of Leases,.

565.00

605.00

2,033.25 40.00

Gaol Expenses,-Recovery from Diplomatic, Naval,

and Military Departments,

684.23

900.25

216.02

Gunpowder, Storage of

3,422.23

10,214.03

6,791.80

Householders, Registration of

1,409.50

1,229.00

180 50

Imperial Post Office, Contribution from

4,279.43

8,421.45

4,142.02

Lock Hospital, Grant-in-Aid from Admiralty,

790.23

951.41

161.18

Medical Examination of Emigrants,

24,356.50

15,028.50

9,328.00

Medical Registration Fees...

5.00

Medical Treatment of Sick Seamen and others in Civil

Hospital,

17,149.63

15,890.66

Official Administrator and Trustee,.

2,785.25

884.88

1,258.97 1,900.37

Official Signatures,

289.00

257.00

32.00

Printed Forms, Sale of

207.00

133.50

73.50

Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent for..

2,520.00

Registry Fees, (Merchant Shipping Act),

239.00

353.00

114.00

Shipping Crews and Seamen,

8,630.80

8,744.20

113.40

Sick Stoppages from Police Force,

1,034.82

891.14

143.68

Steam-launches, Surveyor's Certificate.

1,675.00

1,755.00

80.00

Subsistence Money of Seamen and others in Victoria

Gaol,

325.25

262.75

62.50

Survey of Steam-ships,

9,515.75

9,286.43

229.32

Trade Marks, Registration of

1,051.50

852.30

199.20

Victoria College, Fees from Scholars,

12,348.00

11,562.00

786.00

School for Girls, Fees from Scholars,

335.00

329.00

6.00

Sunday Cargo-Working Permits,..

7,900.00

13,250.00

5,350.00

Refund of Police Pay,

1,905.10

1,628.88

276.22

Refund Cost of Police and other Stores,..

3,238.14

1,187.73

2,050 41

Maintenance of Gap Rock Lighthouse,-Contribution

from Chinese Imperial Government towards the... Construction of Gap Rock Lighthouse,-Contribution

from Chinese Imperial Government,

1,500.00

750.00

7,500.00

POST OFFICE :-

Postage,

167,596.77

192,172.42 24,575.65

RENT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY, LAND AND HOUSES:-

Buildings,

Laundries,

977.26 380.00

Lands not Leased,

7,283.37

1,283.00 320.00 7,571.45

305.74

60.00

Stone Quarries,

11,280.00

15,250.00

288.08 3,970.00

Leased Lands,

210,850.10

228.555.67

17,705.57

Slaughter House,..

40,236.00

40,584.00

348.00

Markets,

54,033.80

55,578.81

1,545.01

Cattle Shed,

2,460.00

2,580.00

120.00

Piers,

3,653.18

4,261.29

608.11

INTEREST,

6,802.54

37,051.95 30,249.41

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS :~

Condemned Stores, &c.,

2,146.15

1,531.56

614.59

Interest for use of Furniture at Government House,.

368.10

Night Soil Contracts,

23,200.00

23,280.00

368.10 80.00

Other Miscellaucous Receipts,.

12,020.93

59,103.14

47,082.21

Profit on Subsidiary Coins..

79,141.23

133,824.13

54.682.90

LAND SALES,

62,971.08 71,294.38

8,323.30

WATER ACCOUNT,

74,903.49 77,680.56 2,777.07

TOTAL,.......

$2,078,135.26 2,287,203.32

250,493.34 41,425.28

Deduct Decrease,

Nett Increase,

Treasury, Hongkong, 28th February, 1895.

41,425.28

209,068.06

*Not including $338,315.96 chargeable against the 1893 Loan. † Not including $236,810,02 chargeable against the 1893 Loan.

0.00

1.050.00

31.00

8.00

5.00 2,229.81

9.55

27,017.82

5.75

623.75

7.00

390.00

3.55

18.35

3.00

53.00

4.35

233.79

8.90

366.90

6.00

5.00

0.75

220.25

7.54

1,004.29

6.00

632.00

2.40

64.40

2.50

435.00

3.13

2,033.25

5.00

40.00

0.25

216.02

4.03

6,791.80

9.00

180 50

1.45

4,142.02

1.41

161.18

8.50

9,328.00

5.00

0.66

1,258.97

4.88

1,900.37

7.00

32.00

8.50

73.50

.0.00

3.00

114.00

4.20

113.40

1.14

143.68

·5.00

80.00

12.75

62.50

$6.43

229.32

2.30

199.20

$2.00

786.00

29.00

6.00

50.00

5,350.00

28.88

276.22

37.73

2,050 41-

50.00

Charitable Allowances, Transport................ Miscellaneous Services, Military Expenditure, Public Works, Recurrent,

Public Works, Extraordinary,

750.00

7,500.00

12.42

24,575.65

33.00

305.74

20.00

60.00

71.45

288.08

50.00

3,970.00

55.67

17,705.57

34.00

348.00

78.81

1,545.01

30.00

120.00

31.29

608.11

51.95

30,249.41

31.56

614.59

68.10

368.10

80.00

03.14

47,082.21

24.13

54,682.90

94.38

8,323.30

80.56

2,777.07

03.32

250,493.34

41,125.28

TOTAL.........

41,425.23

209,068.06

*Not including $338,315.96 chargeable against the 1893 Loan, Not including $236,810.02 chargeable against the 1893 Loan.

3.721.00

4,973.47

1.252.47

1,602.06

1,927.31

325.25

97.847.71

277,829.00

179.481.29

806,714.78

381,127.13

74,382.40

148,643.52

155,358.71

6,715.19

16,828.99

† 12,503.35

1,325.64

$1,920,523.56 | 2,299,096.00

391,331.48

12,759.04

Deduct Decrease,..

Nett Increase€,

12,759.01

378,572.44

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES,

Colonial Treasurer.

547

No. 42

HONGKONG.

COST OF CONSTRUCTING PROPOSED ROAD FROM VICTORIA GAP TO MOUNT KELLET ROAD.

No. 584.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

PUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, 5th December, 1895.

SIR,-Adverting to C.S.O. 83, containing a petition from certain residents requesting the construction of a road from Victoria Gap to Mount Kellet Road, I have the honour to inform you that I have considered the matter and now submit a project for the construction of such road.

2. If a road is worth making at all, it should be a thoroughly good one of uniform gradient as far as practicable, and of ample width; further, care should be taken that the hill-side is not excavated more than necessary, leaving extensive bare slopes exposed to the heavy summer rains, rendering their disintegration and consequent fouling of the public water supply inevitable.

3. The project proposed is shewn on the accompanying drawing, and provides for raising the level of the present dip immediately south of the Tram Station.

4. Opposite the Peak Hotel, the road is widened to afford accommodation for chairs, and for the remainder of its length has a clear width of 15 feet.

5. The estimated cost is from $25,000 to $26,000.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

FRANCIS A.. COOPER,

Director of Public Works.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE SANITARY SURVEYOR FOR 1894,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

141 No. 13

1894.

SANITARY BOARD ROOM, HONGKONG, 20th February, 1895.

SIR, I have the honour to submit the following report for the year ending December 31st,

1. Plans for the redrainage of two hundred and fifty-two (252) houses were carried forward from 1893; plans for eight hundred and seventy-eight (878) houses were deposited in 1894, making a total of eleven hundred and thirty (1,130) in hand during the year.

2. A total of five hundred and fifty-five (555) houses have been completed and the plans for eight (8) houses cancelled during the past year, leaving five hundred and sixty-seven (567) still incomplete which are carried forward to 1895.

3. Certificates have been granted under Section 74, Ordinance 24 of 1887, to forty-six (46) houses as having been built in accordance with the provisions of that Ordinance.

4. Tables A and B annexed shew clearly

Table A.-The plans received and work completed during each quarter of the past year. Table B.-The plans received, work completed and certificates granted since the Public

Health Ordinance came into force.

5. The number of houses (567) carried forward from last year is largely in excess of what it has been in previous years. About one-third of these, however, are new buildings still in course of erection while of the remainder a large proportion are completed except for small repairs.

6. The number of houses certified as having been built in accordance with the provisions of the Public Health Ordinance is only forty-six (46) as compared with two hundred and nineteen (219) in 1893 and four hundred and seventy-five (475) in 1891; the reduction may probably be attributed to the Plague.

7. The drains of five hundred (500) houses were inspected by me last year under a warrant from the President made in accordance with Section 53 of the Public Health Ordinance, and the owners were called upon to reconstruct the drainage arrangements.

8. On the outbreak of Plague in May my services were placed at the disposal of the Board for the purpose of supervising the disinfection and cleansing of all plague houses throughout the Colony. A detailed report of this work has been furnished, but the annexed tables C and D, which were attached to that report, are sent in again now as they have an important bearing on the work done in the redrainage of private premises. The redrainage of a large number of houses has been undertaken

the owners since the occurrence of plague in them.

9. Water-closets have been erected and connected to the house drains by permission of the Board or have been re-connected after the re-modelling of the closets and drainage in the following premises :- Grand Stand, Race Course; Tramway Terminus, Garden Road; Bank House, Garden Road; Nos. 64 and 66, Queen's Road Central; Gas Works, Praya West; Remedios Terracc, Arbuthnot Road; Gleneally, Caine Road; City Hall; and the Hongkong Club.

10. Some notice is called for here of the inaccuracies of deposited plans and of the failure to properly inspect work before calling in the Board's officers. It is but too clear that in the majority of cases no attempt is made before starting the work to see what gradients may be obtained for the drains, and in the flatter parts of the City it is seldom that they can be laid throughout to the gradients indicated on the plan. No notice is given of the change of gradient and it is only ascertained on inspection. It is too a frequent occurrence to find a drain leaking on inspection; occasionally pipes are found to be laid without any hemp in the joints and with cement protruding in the drain through the bottom of the joint. Instances could be quoted where four or five inspections have had to be made of drains before they could be passed. I call attention to these facts as they occasion waste of time, and in the hope that those responsible will exercise more care in the future.

11. The records which were started in 1888 have been maintained and are complete to date.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

H. MCCALLUM, Esq.,

Secretary, Sanitary Board.

J. ROWLAND CROOK,

Sanitary Surveyor.

Table A.

Year.

No. of houses redrained.

No. of houses. plans of which have been cancelled.

Total.

for which plans have been received.

No. of houses

No. of houses in

hand.

1894.

1st Quarter,

1893. Plans carried

2nd

2 22

forward from

3rd

4th

225

135

1st Quarter,

1894. Plans deposited 2nd

during

3rd

202

4th

129

420

300

Totals,....

No. of houses

for which

Year.

plans have been

received.

555

པ་

140

252

112

198

151

:..

199

423

330

878

455

563

Table B.

No. of houses redrained.

No. of houses plans of which have been cancelled.

1,130

567

No. of houses carried forward each year.

No. of new houses granted

certificates.

1889,

799

573

226

175

1890,

500

529

190

409

1891,

681

643

198

475

1892,

693

577

106

208

228

1893,

847

699

104

252

219

1894,

878

555

567

Totals,....

4,398

3,576

255

Table C.

1,552

Description of houses.

Taipingshan District (Closed Area).

Redrained in accordance with Public Health Ordinance,

Not so redrained,...................

Total

May.

June.

Total.

No. of

houses.

Houses

with Plague.

with Plague

Houses with Plague.

186

239

120

Table D.

Portion of Western District.

Description of houses.

Total No. of houses.

May.

June.

July.

Total,

Houses with Plague.

Redrained in accordance with P. H. O.

Not so redrained,.................

217

617

159

194

220

385

No. 26

HONGKONG.

SANITARY SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

SANITARY BOARD ROOM, HONGKONG, 31st March, 1895.

GENTLEMEN,-I have the honour to submit this the sixth Annual Report concerning the work done by the Sanitary Department during the year 1894.

DRAINAGE WORKS.

In addition to the work carried out by property owners of their own initiative a considerable number of houses, which were found on inspection to be in an insanitary condition, have been re- drained at the request of the Board. I append a tabular statement (A) showing-

1. The locality in which the houses so found to be insanitary are situated.

2. The number of houses so found in each such locality.

3. The houses so found for which plans for their re-drainage have been submitted. 4. The houses so found at which the work of re-drainage has been completed.

It is satisfactory to note that steady progress is being made in the re-drainage of Victoria. When the general inspection of all the house drains in the city, which began in December, is completed; and if the owners of such houses as are defectively drained are compelled to execute the work of re-draining their insanitary properties within a reasonable time, a much needed improvement in the sanitary condition of the town will be the result.

A considerable number of complaints regarding the choking of the new pipe drains continue to come in. In almost every instance the choking of the drain is caused by its misuse through gross carelessness on the part of servants. Very frequently the gratings over the inlets to the waste-pipes and drains are either removed or so destroyed as to be of very little use in keeping solids of any size out of the drains. I am quite satisfied that in a number of cases the choking of the drains is done maliciously either out of spite to the landlord or to the Board. To some Chinese minds such malicious action seems to give infinite pleasure, while from their point of view it goes a long way to prove their silly contention that a water-tight house drain is not suited to their manner of living. With the old form of blue brick drain such blockage simply converted the drain into an elongated porous cess-pool from which the sewage soaked into the surrounding ground on which the dwelling stood. The evil results to the public health, which are almost certain to arise from such sewage polluted foundations, are well known and require no comment.

A few householders actually carefully seal the fresh air inlet to the house drains by fitting a piece of white iron under the gratings. However, when the Inspectors point out the folly of such action and explain the object of the inlet, in most cases the tin-plate is removed and is not again put on. MARKETS AND SLAUGHTER-HOUSES.

The fine new Slaughter-house at Kennedytown was ready for occupation at the end of the year, but it was deemed expedient to allow the contractor for 1894 to finish his contract in the old Slaughter- house and get the contractor for 1895 to begin in the new Slaughter-house; and this was done.

The new market for sheep and swine was practically completed by the end of the year, but it is not yet occupied. The completion of this market will enable the Board to abolish the very insanitary places in which sheep and swine have so long been housed for sale in the western district of Victoria. This will not only be a decided sanitary improvement but it will tend greatly to alleviate the cruel treatment to which both sheep and swine have been so long subjected while being kept for sale in those so-called sheep and swine pens.

The splendid new Central Market is approaching completion, and will soon be ready for occupation. 21 sheds capable of housing 699 head of cattle, 3 sheds capable of housing 137 head of goats, and 510 pens capable of housing 3,542 head of swine were duly licensed during the year. So far as the housing of cattle and goats is concerned things are in the main in a satisfactory state, but there is still a good deal of work to be done before the same can be said of the housing of swine although steady progress is being made.

In February an outbreak of pleuro-pneumonia occurred among the herd of cattle at the Dairy Farm Company's premises Pok-fu-lam. It is a matter for congratulation that practical commonsense and scientific practice went hand in hand in dealing with this outbreak of disease, the result being a saving of a very considerable sum of money to the Colony.

In April an outbreak of rinderpest occurred among cattle housed at Wantsai. Twenty-six animals were destroyed. The disease did not spread, the result, no doubt, of the prompt manner in

which it was dealt with.

366

MORTALITY STATISTICS.

The attached tabular statements (B) show:—

(a) The death-rate in 1894 for

1. The British and Foreign community.

2. The Chinese community on land in each registration district.

3. The Chinese community afloat in each registration district.

4. The Chinese community on land in the Colony.

5. The Chinese community afloat in the Colony.

6. The total Chinese community in the Colony.

7. The British, Foreign, and Chinese community combined-army and navy excluded. (b) The number of deaths occurring under each of the seven groups into which it has been deemed expedient (in view of the system of death registration in vogue) to classify in the summary the causes of death.

(c) The total number of deaths occurring among the British and Foreign community in each month of each year, 1889 to 1894, both inclusive, under six disease groups. These groups are the same as in (b) only 6 and 7 groups are amalgamated.

(d) The same as (c) but for the Chinese community.

army and navy excluded

(e) The total number of deaths occurring in the Colony-those in the army

—in each month for the past six years, together with the death-rate for the estimated population.

The attached diagrams show-

(a) The number of deaths which occurred each month under each of the groups referred to

above.

(b) The mean temperature for each month.

(d) The number of deaths registered during each month of the years 1889 to 1894, as also

the mean temperature and rainfall.

The death-rates recorded are, I feel sure, less reliable than usual, simply on account of the large number of people who left the Colony temporarily during the prevalence of the disease designated Bubonic Plague. However, the figures given are the only ones available for statistical work of this kind, and I am of the opinion that the population of the Colony on the 31st December was pretty much the same as if we had never been afflicted with Bubonic Plague.

It is worth noting that in 1886 the total number of deaths recorded in the Colony was 5,100 amongst an estimated population of 181,700 or, in round figures, the death-rate for that year was 28 per 1,000, while in the exceptional year under review the total number of deaths recorded amount to 7,362 amongst an estimated population of 242,400, or a death-rate of 30.3 per 1,000.

With regard to death registration the remarks I made in my report for the year 1890 are applicable to the present time, for nothing has been done-I refer to appointment of native medical practitioners trained to some extent in Western medicine-beyond a medical inspection of the patients in the Tung Wa Hospital to ensure that the recorded cause of death is the real cause from which death occurred.

The feature of paramount interest in these statistics is the large number of deaths recorded as caused by Bubonic Plague. As I was absent from the Colony during the prevalence of this disease it is not, in my opinion, expedient that I should do more than briefly refer to one or two points that seem to me will be of some value to Members of the Board. The disease appears, in at least one respect, to resemble typhus fever in so much as the great majority of its victims were observed to be amongst a poverty-stricken people who were poorly fed, badly housed, and who lived in overcrowded houses and overcrowded areas. The localities in Victoria where the disease was most prevalent were mainly occupied by people to which the foregoing description is fairly applicable.

In 1887 when the Public Health Bill was under the consideration of the Legislature it was my duty to represent the conditions under which the mass of the people in the Colony lived. These representations were sharply called in question, and the Officer Administering the Government-Sir WILLIAM GORDON CAMERON-thought it desirable to personally investigate the matter. This he did in a very thorough manner by a careful inspection of the worst dwellings in the Chung Wan, Tai- ping-shan and Sai-ying-poon districts of the city, and his subsequent speeches in Council show very clearly what his opinions were. Had the Public Health Bill of 1887 been passed in the form in which it was transmitted to the Colonial Secretary by the Sanitary Board, and had the sanitary staff received reasonable support in enforcing its provisions. I am satisfied that the heavy mortality from Bubonic Plague in 1894 would not have occurred. The most powerful opponents of the Bill belonged to those classes who have suffered most, financially, from the serious outbreak of Bubonic Plague, and I must confess I consider their action in 1887 has met in 1894 with the result it deserved.

I again consider it desirable to repeat the remark that in considering these statistics it is necessary to keep in view the circumstance that our pop ulation is not a normal one, but a population in which the male sex in the prime of life largely predominates.

HEALTH DISTRICTS.

Cemeteries.-The bye-laws which came into force on the 1st January, 1892, have been enforced any hitch of importance, but inconvenience has been experienced owing to the circumstance that

without

387

the cemeteries have not yet been properly laid out. If this work can only be undertaken by the Assistant Surveyor as soon as he has completed the work he is now engaged on, it will help to put matters on a thoroughly satisfactory footing.

The following are the number of interments which have been made in each of the Public Cemeteries for Chinese, viz. :-

Mount Davis,...

Mount Caroline, Kaulung,

Shau-ki-wan,

Aberdeen,

Stanley, Shek-Ö,

.586

..318

331

.202

120

1,593

The fees collected during the year amounted to $1,753.90 and the cost of the staff, laying out roads, &c. to $1,775.03.

Laundries. Only three of the ten public laundries have been let during the year although the rental is as low as $10 a month. That there is a strong artificial opposition to the using of these buildings by the public washermen is to me clear enough, but beyond the natural obstinacy of Chinese workmen I know of no reason for the opposition. It is quite true that these public washermen receive the tacit support of many of their employers in their obstinate opposition. It is difficult to under- stand why the vast majority of our leading residents of all nationalities should prefer to have their linen washed in an evil-smelling puddle on the hill-side and dressed in the living room of their washermen's servants, who live amongst and sleep upon their clients' linen, rather than in the public laundries. However, so long as such a very peculiar preference exists it is very doubtful if much can be done to improve this branch of the sanitation of the Colony.

Bakeries. The bye-laws regulating bake-houses are being steadily and persistently enforced. Common Lodging-houses.-The bye-laws for regulating these houses did not come into forcë during 1894.

Infectious Diseases.-2,552 deaths were recorded from bubonic plague and 25 from small-pox choleraic complaints.

and

Contracts. The work of the conservancy contract continues to be carried out in a satisfactory manner. It must be remembered that the conservancy contractor has nothing whatever to do with the private night-soil carriers who are the employees of the various householders.

The work of the scavenging contract, as far as street cleansing, the dust-cart service, and the removal of the refuse from Victoria are concerned, has been carried out in a fairly satisfactory manner, but I regret to say that the work of final disposal has been giving a good deal of trouble. The main difficulty is that the place of disposal is outside the boundaries of the Colony and, of course, no action would lie in our Courts for creating a nuisance there. It is true the condition of the contract gives me the power to hire men to do such work as the contractor fails to perform satisfactorily under his contract, and it is this clause of the contract which has enabled me to keep things in some kind of order at the place at which the city refuse is finally disposed of. The work of conservancy and scavenging in the various villages continues to be carried out in a satisfactory manner. The estimated quantity of night-soil removed by the conservancy contractors from Victoria, Hill and Kaulung districts during 1894 amounted to 14,000 tons, and the whole of this was removed from the Colony.

Owing to various causes the approximate quantity of house refuse, trade refuse, street sweepings, &c. removed by the scavenging contractors froin Victoria, Hill and Kaulung districts cannot be given for 1894.

The annexed table (C) gives the names of the various contractors who are working under the Board together with the number of men each employs to carry on the work of his contract.

STAFF.

Owing to prolonged ill-health the Superintendent was absent on leave from 1st January to 31st October during which period the duties of the office were efficiently performed by Mr. E. A. RAM. None of the Sanitary Inspectors had any leave of absence during the year, but two of them were ill and in Hospital for several weeks.

A large increase to the staff of Inspectors was sanctioned towards the close of the year, and the new men were appointed but they did not take up their appointments in 1894. The staff of Inspectors is now, so far as the number to the total population is concerned, equal to that employed in those large. towns in England where municipal sanitary administration is viewed as being most advanced. In England, it is now almost the invariable rule that before a man receives an appointment as Sanitary Inspector he must have passed the examinations of the Sanitary Institute. In Hongkong men with such a training are not to be had, and I have very grave doubts if it would be a wise proceeding to get such trained men from home as vacancies occur, inasmuch as their utter want of knowledge of the Chinese people and their habits and customs would, to my mind, more than counterbalance their superior training in sanitary matters.

888

There is nothing calling for remark with regard to the other members of the sanitary staff. Pressure of work has prevented me from presenting this report at an earlier date, and even although late it has had to be prepared somewhat hurriedly, so that it is not so complete as I should have wished.

I have the honour to be,

Gentlemen,

Your obedient Servant,

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Sanitary Superintendent.

To the President and Members of the

SANITARY BOARD.

Table A.

Return showing the houses the drains of which have been opened and inspected under the provisions of the Health Ordinance during the year 1894, and the owners thereof requested to re-drain them.

Street.

If work completed.

Lot. No.

No. of Houses.

If plans submitted.

Tai Wong Lane,

Marine 64.

Second Street, Third Street and Pokfulam Road,

Inland 797 & 816.

Yes.

10 Yes. 14 No.

Yes.

Temple Street and Fuk Sing Lane,

Kowloon Inland 109,

Yes.

108, 107 & 106.

Kwai Wa Lane,

Inland 103.

Hillier Street,

Inland 103.

Queen's Road Central,

Inland 103.

Jervois Street,

Inland 102.

10 Yes.

1 No.

Upper Lascar Row,

Inland 252.

Yes.

Upper Lascar Row and Hollywood Road,..

Hollywood Road and East Street,

Old Bailey Street, Hollywood Road & Sun Wai Lane,.

Inland 252, 253, 1256,

1257 & 1258.

Inland 236.

Inland 3 and 131.

Wellington Street,

Inland 52.

Cochrane Street,

Inland 52.

Stanley Street,

Inland 52.

Second Street and Sam To Lane,

Inland 800.

وو

Arbuthnot Road and Wyndham Street,

Inland 145 & 146.

Bonham Strand West,

Inland 1191, 1192,

1 Yes. 4 Yes.

No.

2 No. 1 No.

3 Yes. 3 No.

1157, 1158 & 1159.

Heung Lane,........

Queen's Road West,..........

Bonham Road,

Praya Central, Jervois Street, Wai Tak Lane,.......... Upper Lascar Row, Wellington Street, Ice House Street, Duddell Street, Queen's Road Central,.

Praya Central,

Pak Tsz Lane, Caine Road,

.....

Queen's Road West,..

Wantsai Road,

Queen's Road Central,

Queen's Road West,.

Second Street,

Third Street,.

First and Second Streets,

First, Second and Centre Street,.

Wing Kat Street and Praya Central,

Queen's Road West,.

East Street,

First Street,

Inland 339 & 644.

Inland 30 & 525.

Marine 3 & Inland 57, 291 & 292. Marine 7.

Inland 62.

Inland 604.

Inland 363 & 366.

Inland 433.

Inland 8.

Marine 97.

In. 1181, 1185, 1186,

1187, 1188, 1189

10 Yes. 1 No.

No.

and 1190.

Inland 1179, 1180 &

5 Yes. 4 No.

1182, 1183, 1184, 1193.

Inland 609.

Yes.

Marine 10.

Inland 195.

1 Yes. No. Yes.

Inland 138.

Inland 251.

Inland 138.

4 Yes. 3 No.

No.

4 Yes.

1 No.

2 Yes.

→ Yes.

2 Yes.

No.

5 No.

Inland 638.

1 Yes. 2 No.

1 Yes.

Inland 684 & 685.

Yes.

In. 583, 632 & 633.

7 Yes. 14 No.

Yes.

2 No.

8 Yes. No.

Inland 758 & 759.

Yes.

Marine 56.

22 Yes.

Marine 57 & 58.

I No. Yes.

Inland 235.

Inland 447 & 448.

No.

Wing Wo Street and Wing Shing Street, Pokfulam Road,

Marine 63.

Inland 677.

Yes.

Queen's Road West,..

Inland 447 & 448.

No.

Mi Lun Lane,

Inland 60.

Yes.

Gough Street and I' On Laue,

Inland 60 & 90.

Hollywood Road,

Inland 90.

Yes. No.

2 Yes. 1 No. No.

6 Yes. 15 No. No.

Tun Wo Lane,

Inland 201.

وو

Queen's Road West,.

Inland 513.

Western Street, Fuk Luk Lane and Third Street,

Gough Street,

Inland 679.

No. Yes.

Inland 5.

HUGH MCCALLUM, Sanitary Superintendent.

Table B.

MORTALITY STATISTICS,

For the Year ended 31st December, 1894.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

The whole Colony, Death Rate, Civil Population,......

389

28.7 per 1,000 per annum.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Victoria Registration District, Death Rate,-Land Population,

35.7

per 1,000 per annum.

Boat

18.4

Kaulung

Land:

12.11

;)

Boat

31.8

Shaukiwán

Land

15.2

Boat

33.7

Aberdeen

Land

18.5

Boat

Stanley

Land

Boat

18.5 §

24.21

7.0

The whole Colony,

Land

Boat

31.7

22.6

睁睁

SANITARY BOARD ROOM,

HONGKONG, 1st February, 1895.

Land and Boat Population, 30.4

British, Foreign & Chinese

Community, excluding

Army and Navy,

30.3

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Secretary.

390

A. SUMMARY OF DEATHS AND THEIR CAUSES SHEWN IN THE ATTACHED RETURN AS

EUROPEAN AND FOREIGN

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army. Navy.

DISEASE.

Esti-

mated

Popula-

tion.

Strength. Strength.

7,208

Infantile

Convulsive

J Convulsions,

Diseases, Trismus Nascentium,

Throat Affections,

...

Acute,

...

Chronic,

...

Acute,

Chest Affections,

Chronic,

Cholera,

...

VICTORIA DISTRICT.-

Sokonpo.

Bowrington.

Wantsai.

Hawan.

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

...

Estimated Population,

1 9 58

499

...

7 5

2 75 114

165

...

со

41 155

5 100 243

...

Bowel

Cholera Nostras,.

Choleraic Diarrhœa,

...

Complaints,

Diarrhoea,

Dysentery,

...

1 128

...

Colic,

...

:..

...

Remittent,.

Malarial,

Intermittent,

•

Simple Continued,

...

1 131

7 15

187

Puerperal,

...

Fevers,

[Typhoid,..

Exanthe-

Measles,

:..

...

matous, Small-pox,

...

Plague,

***

Send

Marasmus,

Other Causes,.

108

...

13 14

...

13 31

2 13

14 101 255

...

191

...

11 112 404

207

67 964

50 827 1,596

TOTAL,

......

SANITARY BOARD ROOM,

HONGKONG, 1st February, 1895.

HAVING BEEN REGISTERED DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1894.

DIVISION.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Kaulung Sháukiwán Aberdeen

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

Kennedytown.

Harbour.

Estimated Population.

District.

Stanley District.

Estimated Population.

Land. Boat. Land. Boat.

165,400

18,350 24,000 6,450 8,400 3,830 3,250 4,000

Land. Boat.

950 570

Land. | Boat.

...

100

•

TOTAL.

391

GRAND TOTAL.

381

1,073

692

...

100

...

451

...

1,155

704

...

....

...

420

315

...

167

140

2 1

435

...

3,323

...

223

91,672 118

53 30

...

2,552

...

159

2 15 85

67 92

...

239

1,195

620 24 1,703 338 290

205 128 129

7,407

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Secretary.

January,

February,

MONTH.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS.—(EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, CIVIL.)

Infantile Convul- Throat Affections. Chest Affections. Bowel Complaints.

sive Diseases.

Fevers.

Other Causes.

Total Deaths.

March,

April,....

May,

June,

2 1

July,

pod..

August,

September,

October,..

2 1

November,.

}

December,....

1 2

Total,...... 10

612

Sanitary Board Room, Hongkong, 1st February, 1895.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1892.

1893.

Death-rate per 1,000

per

Annum.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

ลว

لسر

2 1

9 12

1121.7 33.3 20.7 35.9, 18.6

7 15

16 9

11 12.7 26.2 27.6 15.4 18.5

1 1

9 27.1 13.9 13.8 22.2 15.2

1 5 4

17 6 12 14.1 14.0 29.2 10.2 24.9

2 4

لسم

1 1

...

1 1

I 13 4

12 2

2 2

2 6

12 13

22 25.2 21.0 22.3 20.5 36.9

6 2 1 2 2 8 6

711

-6

3112 413

7 14

1 2 3 11 10

7 11 9

37 32.4 22.6 24.0 32.3 62.8 25 28.8 36.6 18.9 28.9 41.9 16 35.9 24.3 20.6 25.5 26.8

ત

1 8 8

1630.5 17.4 23.9 23.7 26.7

♡

1 1

12 7

8 11

13 22 12

15 | 39.4 20.8 20.5 27.1| 25.0

216 5

8 13 13

ск

12 | 23.3 22.5 13.7 13.5 20.0

1 2 2 58

15 8 18

8 10

20 14.3 31.1 13.6 16.9) 33.3

44|33|35| 18 27 12 12

513 923 20

4 17 16 81

92 99146| 171 | 164 | 145 | 160 | 206 | 25.5 23.8 20.7 22.7 28.7

HUGH MCCALLUM, Secretary,

392

Infantile Convul- sive Diseases.

MONTH.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS.-(CHINESE COMMUNITY.)

Throat Affections. Chest Affections. Bowel Complaints.j

Fevers.

Other Causes.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1893.

1894.

1890.

1891.

Total Deaths.

January,

94 81 72 94 87

February,.

59 81117 95 84 1

March,...

67 76 73102|110|

April,..

May,

76 68 84100120 3 93,114112118|139|| I 1 2

June,

115119128154 77 1

July,

90152109175 41

August,

85129104164|101|

September,

103126144136 77

Cctober,........

November,..

December,

119126 94124 85

Total,....

1,030 1,263 1,206 1,170 (1,035 |

56107 82112 72 1

76 84 87 96] 72|

1 76132125120 84 28 24 22 26 29 51 85 62 62 34 67

95 91 125 101 217 418 372 427 336 20.5 24.1 20.7 23.117.7

99 262 484437 374341 | 16.9 27.7 24.2 20.2 17.9

75152129110 89 15 34 17, 22 23 52109 56 56 45 60 108 118 91 96 121118116 95 16 24 13 27 30 82 75 70 51 45 56 90106| 104 79 317 388 380 401359 20.4 22.2 21.0 21.6 18.8 į 112110100100 89 15 19 23 18 29 62 55 67 67 74 67 71 92 106 106|335| 324 367 391413 21.4 18.5 20.3 21.0 21.6 87 80 95100137 29 15 20 31 60 61 68 83 72165 73 92 105| 110 | 691341370 417 431 1,192 21.8 21.1 23.0 23.1| 62.1 69 80 79 87155 51 39 31 46 64109 92 73 91 85 89 88 92 121 1,802 434 414 403 500 2,184 27.7 28.5 22.2 26.8| 113.6 83 98 54 80 51 38 82 27 44 25106106 66 86 25 84 127 107 134325401566 364 520 467 | 25.6 32.1 19.9 27.8 24.2 74101 90 80 64 32 94 30 41 25115123 74 71 42 79 102 86 131 134 385549 384 487 | 366 | 24.5 30.9 21.0 25.9 18.9 80 93 80 82 69 37 50 25 33 31121| 93 69 95 73 83 85 113 108 87 424 447 | 431 454|333 | 27.0 25.1 23.5 24.1 17.2 80 90 89 78 98 38 39 29 41 36125 82 72 82 78 82 83 94 124 | 140 | 444 421378 449 | 437 | 28.2 24.0 20.6 23.8 22.5 94 90 85 73 96 30 34 21 47 29 91 74 61 54 50 74 99 89 120 122 346 404 338 406 | 369 | 21,9| 22.6 18.3 21.5) 19.0 112 98123 96 92 24 25 36 34 27 74 86 73 49 34 73 105 134 115 134 359 398 453 390 359 22.7 22.2 24.5 20.6 18.4

251

}

,088 1,215 1,167 1,122 1,128 353 479 294 410 411 1,049 1,048 826836755 887 1,140 1,227 1,389 3,839 4,365 5,183 4,724 5,230 7,155| 23.3 24.5 21.4 23.3 30.4

Sanitary Board Room, Hongkong, 1st February, 1895

HUGH MCCALLUM, Secretary.

393

Death-Rato per 1,000

per Annum.

1892.

1893.

1894.

Table showing the Total Deaths for each Month in the Years 1889 to 1894 inclusive and the Death-rate for estimated Population, (Army and Navy excluded).

Estimate Population, 192,000 197,000 218,800 225,500 230,000 242,400

DEATH-RATE PER 1,000 PER ANNUM.

REMARKS.

394

HUGH MCCALLUM, Secretary.

Year,

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894.

1889. 1890. 1891.

1892. | 1893. 1894.

1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. | 1894.

Jaunary,

309

329

437

384

448

347

19.3 20.0 24.3

20.7 23.6 17.7

Deaths from causes

February,

284

269

500

453

383

352 17.8 16.4 27.7 24.4

20.1

17.9

other than Small- pox Choleraic

complaints and

Bubonic Plague,

5,233| 4,548 4,535| 5,320 4,824 5,336| 4,829

March,

304

332

396

388

414

368

19.0 20.2 21.9 20.8

21.7

18.7

April,..

328

344

332

381

397

425

20.5 20,9

18.3 20.5

20.7

21.5

Deaths from Small-

May,

421

355

382

430

443

1,214

26.3 21.6 21.1 22.9

23.0 61.4

pox and Choler- aic complaints..........

762

June,

453

452

427

417

519

2,221

28.3

27.5 23.4 22.2

26.9112.0

Deaths from Bubo-

nic Plague,...

.....

...

2,552

July,

473

417

587

375

537

492

29.6 25.4 32.1 19.9

27.8 24.8

August,

413

405

563

396

502

382

25.9 24.7 30.7 21.0 25.9 19.2

September,

379

441

457

445

468

349

23.6 26.9 24.9 23.5 24.1

17.5

October,

427

466

433

390

465

352 26.7 28.4 23.5 20.6 23.9

22.6

November,

441

359

417

346

414

381

27.6 21.9 22.5 18.2

21.2 19.0

December,

327

367

416

461

400

379

20.4 22.4 22.5

24.2

20.5

18.8

Total,

4,559 4,536 5,847

4,869

5,390

7,862

23.7 23.0 24.4

21.3

23.3 30.3

Total,... 5,995 4,559 4,536 5,347 4,869 5,390 7,406

Sanitary Board Room, Hongkong, 1st February, 1895.

Name

Contract.

of Contractor.

Butchers.

Foremen and Watch-

men.

Table C.

Boatmen.

Cartmen.

Basketmen.

Sweepers.

Mon for washing Side Channels & Cleans- ing Sewer Traps.

Other Workmen.

Victoria, Scavenging. Kwong-

Kam-tong,.

155 146

Victoria, Conserv-

ancy,

Chau Pui,......

Kanlung, Scavenging

and Conservancy,

Do.,

Shaukiwan, Scaveng- ing and Conserv- ancy,

Aberdeen, Scaveng-

ing and Conserv-

ancy,

Tang Kat.......

Chan King and

Chan Pak,.

Stanley, Scavenging

and Conservancy,. Tang Kat,......

Slaughter-house,...... Chan Pai,...... 16

Cattle Dpôt, ............. ↓ Tsang Keng,...

Total,......

:..

395

Nightmen.

Attendants at Latrines and Urinals.

Total.

548

121

141

163 153 117

782

HUGH MCCALLUM, Sanitary Superintendent

397

DEATHS FROM INFANTILE CONVULSIVE DISEASES.

1894.

No. of Deaths.

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

March.

150

140

_130

120

100

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

_110

HIGHEST,. 73.8 73.9 79.2 83.2 89.2 88.9 89.4 90.2 92.9 85.2 81.2

75.1

TEMPER-

ATUKE,

LOWEST,.. 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8 68.4 73.6 73.5 73.1 75.0 65.3 61.8 48.5

BAROMETER MEAN.

30.12 30.18 30.06 29.94 29.84 29.77 29.78 29.75 29.79 29.98 30.11 30.18

NOTE.--Black line indicates the number of deaths, the Red line mean temperature, and the Blue line rain-fall in inches.

December.

RAIN-

FALL

Inches.

No. of

Deaths.

DEATHS FROM THROAT AFFECTIONS.

1894.

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

3.5

73.9

TEMPER-

ATUHE,

73.8 HIGHEST,

LOWEST, 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8 68.4

79.2 83.2 89.2 88.9 89.4 90,2 92.9 85.2 81.2

75.1

73.6 73.5 73.1 75.0 65.3 61.8 48.5

BAROMETER MEAN.

30.12 30.18 30.06 | 29.94 | 29.84 29.77 | 29.78 |29.75 | 29 79 | 29.98 30.11 30.18

NOTE.---Black line indicates the number of deaths, the Red line mean temperature, and the Blue line rain-fall in inches.

RAIN- FALL.

Inches.

399

No. of

Deaths.

DEATHS FROM CHEST AFFECTIONS.

1894.

401

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

160

150

140

March.

RAIN-

FALL.

Inches.

130

120

110

100

TEMPER-

ATURE.

HIGHEST, 73.8 73.9 79.2 83.2 89.2 88.9 89.4

LOWEST, 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8 68.4 73,6 73.5

90.2 92.9 85.2 81.2 75.1

73.1 75.0 65.3 61.8

48.5

BAROMETER 30.12 | 30.18 | 30.06| 29.94 | 29.84 | 29.77 | 29.78 29.75 | 29.79 | 29.98 | 30.11

MEAN.

30.18

NOTE. Black line indicates the number of deaths, the Red line mean temperature, and the Blue line rain-fall in inches.

No. of

Deaths.

DEATHS FROM BOWEL COMPLAINTS.

1894.

403

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

RAIN- FALL.

Inches.

14.

TEMPER-

ATURE.

HIGHEST, 73.8 73.9 79.2 83.2

LOWEST,. 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8

89.2 88.9 89.4 90.2 92.9 85.2 81.2

75.1

68.4 73.6 73.5 73.1 75.0 65.3 61.8 48.5

30.12 30.18 | 30.06 29.94 29.8429.77 29.78 29.75 |29.79 29.98 30.11 30.18

BAROMETER MEAN.

NOTE.-Black line indicates the number of deaths, the Red line mean temperature, and the Blue line rain-fall in inches.

170

No. of

Deaths.

160

DEATHS FROM FEVERS.

1894.

405

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

March.

150

140

130

120

110

100

April.

May.

June.

July.

IIIGNEST, 73.8 73.9 79.2 83.2

TEMPER-

ATURE.

89.2 88.9 89.4 90.2 92.9 85.2

LOWEST, 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8 68.4 73.6 78.5 73.1 75.0 65.3 61.8 48.5

81.2

75.1

BAROMETER MEAN.

30.12 30.18

30.06 | 29.94 | 29.84 | 29.77 | 29.78 29.75 29 79 | 29.98 | 30.11 30.18

NOTE.--Black line indicates the number of deaths, the Red line mean temperature, and the Blue line rain-fall in inches.

RAIN-

FALL

Inches.

DEATHS FROM CAUSES OTHER THAN CONVULSIONS, THROAT AFFECTIONS, CHEST AFFECTIONS, BOWEL COMPLAINTS, FEVERS AND BUBONIC PLAGUE.

1894.

407

No. of Deaths.

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

170

160

8.5

150

.80

140

-130

110

-60-

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

120

65.

.100.

..50

TEMPER-

ATURE.

HIGHEST, 73.8 73.9 79.2 83.2 89.2 88.9 89.4 90.2

LOWEST,. 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8 68.4 73.6 73.5

92.9 85.2 81.2 75.1

73.1 75.0 65.3 61.8 48.5

BAROMETER MEAN.

30.12 30.18 30.06 29.94 29.84 29.77 29.78 29.75 |29.79 29.98 30.11

30.18

NOTE. Black line indicates the number of deaths, the Red line mean temperature, and the Blue line rain-fall in inches.

16·

December.

--18-

-20-

RAIN-

FALL.

Inches.

-24

No. of

Deaths.

600

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

580

560

540

520

2225

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES.

1215

1894.

March.

April.

May.

June

500

ΤΟ

480

460

- 110

420

400

380

360

TEMPER-

73.9 79.2 83.2 89.2 88.9 89.4 90.2 92.9 85.2 81.2 75.1 HIGHEST,. 73.8

ATURE. LOWEST,.. 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8 68.4 73.6 73.5 73.1 75.0 65.3 61.8 48.5

BAROMETER MEAN.

30.12 30.18 30.06 29.94 29.84 29.77 29.78 29.75 29.79 29.98

30.11 30.18

NOTE. Black line indicates the number of deaths, the Red line mean temperature, and the Blue line rain-fall in inches.

409

RAIN- FALL.

Inches.

DEATHS DURING THE YEARS 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891,

411

No. of Deaths.

6,000

5,900

5,800

5,700

5,600

5,500

5,400

5,300

5,200

5,100

5,000

4,900

4,800

4,700

4,600

1892, 1893 AND 1894.

1888.

1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894.

NOTE. Black line shows death from all causes and Dotted line shows death from all causes exclusive of small-pox,

choleraie diseases and bubonic plague.

No. of

Deaths.

1,600

1,500

1,000

_900

800

7.5

600

DEATHS FROM BUBONIC PLAGUE.

1894.

413

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

700

500

300

400

200

45.

100

TEMPER-

ATURE.

HIGHEST, 73.8 73.9 79.2 83.2 89.2 88.9 89.4 90.2 92.9 85.2 81.2 75.1

LOWEST, 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8 68.4 73.6 73.5 78.1 75.0 65.3 61.8 48.5

BAROMETER MEAN.

30.12 30.18 80.06 | 29.94 |29.84 |29.77 29.78 29.75 | 29.79 29.98 30.11 30.18

NOTE.-Black line indicates the number of deaths, the Red line mean temperature, and the Blue line rain-fall in inches.

Decomber.

RAIN-

FALL.

Inches.

No. of

Deaths.

Mean.

Temperature.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

1890.

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSI

June.

July.

September.

August.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

600

590

580

570

560

550

540

530

520

510

है

500

490

480

470

460

450

440

430

420

410

400

390

380

870

360

859

300

1291.

1891.

August.

Septemler.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES FOR THE FIVE YEARS ENDEI

April.

May.

July.

August.

1892.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

NDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1894.

1215

1893.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

1891.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September

October.

November.

December.

Rainfall.

Inches.

415

Deaths,

'IV

Temp

Janu

Febri

Marc!

April

May.

June.

July.

Angu

andag

Octol

Nore

Dece

Janua

Febru

Marcl

April

May.

June.

July.

600

590

580

570

560

550

540

530

520

510

500

490

480

470

460

450

440

430

420

410

400

390

380

370

360

359

300

TEMPE!.-

ATERE.

HIGHEST, 68 70 75 84 90 92 90 90 91 94 83

LOWEST, 17 56 49 60 72 72 72 72 66 66 55

81 76 79 74 81 88 90

90 03 90 89 82 7

53 50 45 51 56 66 73

73 68 57

મેં

BAROMETER MEAN:

30.15 30.08 30.05 23.95 23.84 29.77 20.73 23.77 29.80 23.98 30.46 29.02 30.14 29.85 30.03 29.59 29.88 23.72 29.68 29.74 20.79 29.97 30.10 30

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the num

umber of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

Decen

Janu

Febri

March

7976 79 80 84 88 90 90 91 90

4946 49

8373 173

71 79 83 89

90 89 92 87

46 57 64 70 74 74 66 64

52 44 82 45 50 56 65 75

72 74 71 67

73 73.8 73.9 79.2 83.2 89.2

61 42.5 41.4 49.6 59.8 62.4

30.22 30.20 30.03 30.01 29.95 29.87 29.76 29.74 29.82 29.76 29.99 30.16 30.22 30.12 30.16 30.06 29.95 29.86 29.86 29.77 29.78 29.76 29.97 30.18 30.19 30.12 30.18 30.06 29.04 29.84

April

May.

July.

Augu

Septe

Octob

Novel

Decen

Janua

Febru

March

April.

May.

June.

July.

Augus

Septer

Octobe

Noven

Decen

Janua

P-bru.

Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

Januar

Febru

March

April.

May.

June.

July.

Augus

Septer

Octobe

Noven

Decen.

Janna.

79 83 89 90

73 71

90 89 92 87 82 73 73.8 73.9 79.2 83.2 89.2 88.9 80.4 90.2 92.9 85.2 81.2 75.1

45 50 50 65 75 72 74 71 67 54 61 42.5 41.4 49.6 50.8 63.4 73.6 73.5 78.1 75.0 85.3 61.9 48.5

230.12 30.16 30.06 29.95 29.86 29.86 29.77 29.78 29.76 29.97 30.18 30.19 30.12 30.18 30.06 29.94 29.84 20.77 29.78 20.75 23.79 29.08 30.11 30.18

забрала

Octobe

Noven

Decon

Rainf

| Inches.

یبا

135

No. 11

.95

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE RESUMPTION OF CERTAIN PROPERTIES IN THE TAIPINGSHAN DISTRICT

No. 102.

IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,

HONGKONG, 6th March, 1895.

SIR,-Now that the amounts to be awarded in respect of certain properties resumed by the Government under The Taipingshan Resumption Ordinance, 1894, have been decided, I have the honour to submit for the information of His Excellency the Governor the following report.

18941

2. In accordance with the instructions contained in C.S.O. 2882, I at once, with as little interference with the work in hand and the ordinary routine work of the department, had the plans prepared, and other information collected, that I deemed desirable for deciding the amounts to be offered by Government in respect of the various properties concerned.

3. This was, of course, a work of some magnitude, and as the claims rapidly came in after the appointment of the Board of Arbitration, a great deal of my time during the last three months has been devoted to the consideration of these claims and attendance before the arbitrators.

4. The total number of claims, excluding those by others than owners, received, was 77, involving 118 distinct Inland Lots and 417 houses. The total area of private property resumed being 6.25 acres. 5. I attach a tabular statement shewing the number of the claim, the lot number, the area of property, the number of houses, the amount claimed, the amount offered, the amount awarded, and the Crown rent payable by the late Lessee in respect of each claim.

6. In many cases, the amounts of the claims were altered on being referred to the Board, and the particulars furnished by the claimants were incomplete, compared with those they afterwards tendered to the Board, which accounts, in some cases, for the difference between the amounts offered and those awarded. In some cases, however, I was approached by the claimants, after an offer had been made, with a view to settlement without going before the Board, and as will be seen from the tabular state- ments, I was able under the authority of C.S O. 3334 to obtain that object in several instances.

7. The total number of claims-

1894

(a) In which the Government offer was.accepted, was 33.

(b) In which a settlement subject to no order as to costs was effected without going to the

Board, was 6, leaving

8. The following statement shews the amounts claimed, offered, accepted, or awarded in each of the above classifications, (excluding the Tung Wa Hospital claim) :-

(a) Claimed: $297,577, accepted $244,797.

(b) Claimed $94,850, offered $71,444, accepted $74,700.

9. The Board were therefore only called upon to decide the value of the properties resumed in 39 claims in which the amount claimed was $624,773, offered $363,524, awarded $443,600.

The difference in the amounts offered and awarded being $80,076, or 21% inore than the Government offered.

10. Costs were awarded to the claimants in 24 cases, against the claimants in two cases, and no order was made as to costs in the remaining cases.

11. The costs, including those of the arbitration, will no doubt bear a considerable proportion to the difference between the amounts offered and those awarded, and it is to be regretted that in several instances the claimants did not approach the Government with a view to settlement for amounts approximately near those awarded.

12. The only claims, which I wish to draw especial attention to, are numbers 8 and 14 and 77; the first was for a ruined temple in Taipingshan Street, the second for the premises occupied as a school by the Italian Sisters, and the last for a chapel belonging to the London Mission.

13. In each of these cases, exceptional terms were claimed on account of the special nature of the occupation, and in the case of the temple on account of the "sacredness of the site.' And I would state that I did not feel justified in using the authority granted me in C.S.O. 394 to take such matters into consideration in attempting to settle the claims by going beyond the value of the properties ascertained from comparison with the adjoining properties.

1894

136

14. In each case, I had offered, if the scheme for the improvement of Taipingshan admitted of it, to recommend to the Government the restoration of the properties or the granting of similar sites with allowances for rebuilding.

15. As no definite arrangement was at once practicable, owing to the improvement project not yet being settled, the Board decided that they had better hear the parties and make alternative awards. The only claim settled at present on the above lines is No. 25, viz., that of the Tung Wa Hospital, in respect of Inland Lot No. 361.

16. I expect at an early date to be in a position to submit to the Government a project for dealing with a large portion of the resumed area, and in doing which to point out how far the restora- tion of these sites to the claimants is practicable.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Director of Public Works.

TAIPINGSHAN RESUMPTION, 1895.

Statement accompanying Report dated March 6th, 1895.

AMOUNT.

Area,

Claim.

Lot Number.

No. of Hou-

Crown Rent.

sq. ft.

ses. Claimed.

Offered. Awarded.

$35

1 2 3 4 5 SI- ∞

2,204

857

6,399 17,388

2,125

279 s. A.

7,000

4,389 b 5,000 10 00

244B, 244c..

5,980

265 R. P.

36,075

405, 420, 421

58,000

278 R. P.

6,400

10,000 701 A.

15,000

2,691

b 4,700 13,316 6 16,000 35,382 a 35,382 5,355 b 5,800 10,890 b 12,500

111 76

9 24

2,900

1238, 245E. 245F

23,000

8,662 b 14,000

456

206 A. R, P.

11,760

1,003

b.d. 8,000

271 s. A. ss. 1

1,077

273 s. A. ss. 2

271 ss. 1 S. A. R. P.

CI234

1,300

245, 245D

17,995

422, 570, 571, 572.

1,540

241, s. A. & R. P.

NON

6,006

3,750

4,000

จน

6,830

3,464

4,600

79,100

13,000

Claim No. 1.

1,838

404 s. A.

6,000

3,777

25,797 | ₺ 40,000 9,444 a 10,050

b.d. 6,000

10 08

206A s. A. R. P.

12,548

280 s. C. of R. P.

55,433

26,980 | 6 35,000

280 R. P. 595......

5,333

600 s. A. 594 ..............

18,200

10,401 b 13,000 26

469

265 s. B......

5,000

2,796

700

244

4,228

3,000

2,997

407 s. A. 600 s. B.....

8,750

6,171

3,500 3,000 8,000

6 88

2 91

10 14

22222

Claim No. 5.

860

406 s. A......

2,000

Claim No. 59.

3,207

265 s. C. 244D

22,800

610

400c

1,650

8,124 b 11,000) 2,400 α 2,400 1,590 a 1,590

14,738

361

620

20,000

1,790

612

1,360

3,390

400 s. 592, 593

243 B. C. D.

Claim No. 15.

244A

278 ss. 1, 2 s. A. 406 R. P.

Claim No. 6.

B.....

1,650

90,008

1,545 α 1,545 65,000 b 79,000

101 10

5 00

11,020

11,020 a 11,020

• 88802888 24 28* * ≈ 80 to 8 88898

124

1,900 4,070 9,000

1,650 a 1,650 2,878 b 4,200 5,465

7,200

267

740

241

525

244E

5,600 3,500

5,350 5,350 1,900 α 1,900

Carried forward,

136,578

207

518,960

286,190

357,387 574

TAIPINGSHAN RESUMPTION, 1895,--Continued.

Claim.

Area, sq. ft.

Lot Number.

No. of Hou-

AMOUNT.

ses. Claimed. Offered. Awarded.

137

Crown Rent.

Broguht forward,

136,578

207

518,960

286,190

357,387 574 50

3,562

404 R. P.

10,500

7,915

8,700 23 52

2,580

400 s. D. & R. P.

5,000

4,000

4,200 14 04

545

271 s. A of R. P.

3,200

600

245G

3,400

2,700

3,200 2,800

472

08 2 64

263 s. A.....

2,080

241 B. & C.

12,000

11,000 6 12,000

12 11

206 ss. 1 s. A.

1314

1,084

5,000

3,500

4,100

280 s. B..

1,141

271 s. B. R. P.

8,489

274, 401, 702a.

210

9,500

6,300 С

6,300

31,100

28,000

a 28,000 55

570

243E

3,500

2,200

2 52

407 R. P. 403 s. B.

4,352

17,000

9,700 a 10,500 11 37

403 s. B. ss. A.

8 2NN *

1,600

239 A. B.

9,577

1,678

206 R. P., 264 R. P. s. A.

11,000

9,400 a 9,400 10,000 a 10,000

10 49

9 81

765

278 s. A. R. P.

2,400

535

271 R. P.

3,003

2,000 2,000

2,000

3 09

2,000

3 40

10,000

701

17,600

12,000 | 6 12,500

33 06

2,146

206 s. A. R. P.

14,465

13,000 c 13,000

13 97

6,430

239c 402 s. A.

30,300

25,500 a 27,000

30 41

2,630

273 R. P.

12,834

12,000 a 12,000

17 60

1,074

273 s. A ss. 1

7,300

5,200 b 5,700

7 08

3,600

272

19,000

15,000 a 15,000

263 s. B. 206 s. B.

2,385

8,200

6,000 α 6,000

828

264 s. A. ss. 1

See Claim No. 27.

1,647

279 R. P.

5,500

8,302

{

263 R. P. 264 R. P.

34,000

26,400

4,600 α 4,600

26,400

7 20

29 18

242B 262

803

279 s. B......

2,325

2,200 a 2,200

3 08

545

271 s. C. R. P.

4,000

3,200

3,300

3 56

800

240A

4,800

4,800 α 4,800

4,250

277

19,250

14,500 a 14,600

1,725

407 s. B......

5,625

5,400 с

5,200

840

239

7,000

6,400 a 6,400

3,700

399

11,500

10,800

599

19,000

13,200

2,570

280 s. A......

9,988

. 9,300 b 9,500 b 13,600 7,320 α 7,320

24 00

35 70

See Claim No. 63.

1,750

383

8,000

2,642

206A s. A.

12,000

1,520

243, 243A

11,300

800

240

5,785

525

244G

1,755

16,000

596, 597

28,875

4,365

403 s. A., 403 R. P.

12,540

10,000

6,500 α 6,500 10,000 a 10,000 9,100 α 9,250 5,400 5,400 1,700 α 1,700 27,000 a 27,000 a 10,000

15 24

10 00

6 78

~22

19 00

1,250

265 s. A.

10,250

4,200 b.d. 6,400

180

402 R. P.

250

5,868

600 R. P.

11,618

230 α 230 8,000 b 8,400

...

18 39

1,420

242, 242A

9,000

4,500

5,800

6 18

1,000

243F

5,000

3,000

3,500

4 32

3,150

355

17,000

11,000 6 12,000

27 44

271 s. A. R. P.

.....

555

4,000

273 s. A. R. P.

590 400 s. A.

2,000

3,360 a 3,360

1,650 a 1,650

5 00

Total,............ 272,021

417 1,017,200

679,765

763,097 1,219 | 76

6th March, 1895.

NOTE. Claims marked a settled out of Court.

b costs against the Government.

Claimant.

d special cases.

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Director of Public Works.

143

No. 14

HONGKONG.

SCHEME FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE RESUMED AREA IN THE DISTRICT

OF TAIPINGSHAN,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

No. 132.

PUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, 22nd March, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to subinit a project for the improvement of that portion of Taipingshan resumed by the Government under the provisions of Ordinance No. 8 of 1894, and a report thereon as follows

2. The total area of private property resumed is 272,021 square feet, and the cost of such resump- tion may be taken approximately, pending the settlement of costs, at $800,000.

3. It will be observed on reference to the accompanying plan * marked A, on which the built area is shewn coloured neutral tint, that some portions of the area are closely built over, and that, owing to the great variation in the levels of the ground, basements exist to a large extent.

4. Further, many of the lanes are very narrow and crooked, preventing the free circulation of air around the buildings, and rendering access for the purpose of efficient scavenging and exercising reasonable supervision over the sanitation of the dwellings most difficult, and in some cases impossible to perform.

5. A careful study of the levels of the ground and the existing state of things will show how impracticable it is to attempt to render this district sanitary without extensive alterations and im- provements.

6. There are some blocks of houses which perhaps leave little to be desired except an increase in the width of the lanes at their backs, but a retention of these intact would prejudicially affect to a large extent the improvement of the district as a whole both from a sanitary and financial point of

view.

7. In considering the general project for the improvement of this district, the various provisions, regarding the height of buildings, the construction of backyards, the occupation of basements, and other sanitary matters recently introduced into the legislation of this Colony, must not be lost sight of. Bearing all these in mind and the utmost importance of not only rendering a district sanitary at the outset but also of providing efficient means for at all times maintaining it in such a condition, I have prepared the plan * marked B shewing tinted red the area available for building purposes in the future.

8. Referring to plans A and B, it will be seen that, with the exception of the buildings on Inland Lot 361 and 28 houses erected on Inland Lots 592 and 593, the project involves the demolition of the whole of the buildings within the resumed area.

9. For the sake of reference, I have divided the district into 10 blocks, viz., A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K.

10. Block A, situated at the north-east corner of the district, is bounded on the north by Square Street, on the south by Bridges Street, on the east by Ladder Street, and on the west by Tank Lane.

The area of private property resumed in this block is 28,291 square feet, a portion of this it is proposed to utilize for the construction of streets and lanes, leaving 18,144 square feet, divided into 27 lots available for building purposes. These lots are 42 feet in depth by 16 feet in width, appro- ached by streets, 21 feet in width, having a gradient of 1 in 7 and abutting on lanes 15 feet in width.

11. Block B, situated to the south of block A, and bounded on the north by Bridges Street, on the south by Market Street, on the east by Ladder Street and on the west by Tank Lane, is inter- sected by one street 21 feet in width with a gradient of 1 in 7, and by two lanes 15 feet in width.

The area of private property resumed in this block is 34,443 square feet, of which, 26,460 square feet have been divided into 42 building lots, 42 feet in depth and 15 feet in width.

*Not printed.

144

12. Block C, to the west of block B, is 210 feet in length and 68 feet in width, bounded on the north by Taipingshan Street, on the south by Market Street, east by Tank Lane, and west by Square Street, and contains 14 building lots, 68 feet in depth and 15 feet in width. The total area of these lots is 14,280 square feet. The area of private property resumed is 18,594 square feet.

Between Square Street and Tank Lane, there is a difference of 20 feet in level at the northern end of this block and a difference of 30 feet at the southern end, practically necessitating the existence of basements, but, owing to the depth of the lots, there is no reason why these basements should not be constructed with ample provision of light, air and other sanitary requirements.

13. Block D, bounded on the north by Taipingshan Street, on the south by Market Street, on the east by Square Street and on the west by Upper Station Street, contains in all 65 building lots 45 feet in depth and 15 feet in width, having a total area of 43,875 square feet. The area of the private property resumed was 46,565 square feet.

Of the proposed building lots, 15 face Taipingshan Street, 20 East Street, 20 West Street and 10 Upper Station Street.

14. Block E, bounded on the north by Taipingshan Street, on the south by Market Street, east by Pound Lane and west by Upper Station Street, is divided into 26 building lots, 13 of which are 45 feet in depth and 15 feet in width. Three lots are 45 feet in depth and 13 feet 4 inches in width, and ten lots are 40 feet in depth and 15 feet in width, the total area being 16,575 square feet.

The area of private property resumed in this block was 18,360 square feet.

15. Block F, bounded on the north by Taipingshan Street, on the south by Station Street, on the east by Pound Lane and on the west by Inland lot 361, is divided into six building lots, three of which front on Taipingshan Street and three abut on Station Street.

The total area of these lots is 3,253 square feet and that of the private property resumed is 4,500 square feet.

16. Block G, bounded on the north by Market Street, on the south by Caine Lane, on the west by Upper Station Street and the east by Ladder Street and Caine Lane, consists of twenty-two building lots 45 feet in depth and 15 feet in width facing Market Street, ten lots 45 feet in depth and 15 feet in width facing Tank Lane, and six lots 42 feet in depth and 15 feet in width also facing Tank Lane. The total area of these lots is 25,380 square feet and the area of private property resumed 44,930 square feet.

17. Block H, bounded on the north by Market Street, on the south by Rutter Street, on the east by Upper Station Street and on the west by Pound Lane, consists of eighteen houses 45 feet in depth

and 15 feet in width.

The total area of these lots is 12,150 square feet and that of the private property resumed 21,600 square feet.

18. Block I, bounded on the north by Market Street, on the south by Rutter Street, on the east by Pound Lane and on the west by Inland Lot No. 700, consists of fifteen building lots, each 45 feet in depth and 15 feet in width.

The total area of these lots is 10,125 square feet and that of the private property resumed 20,000 square feet.

19. Block K, bounded on the north by Station Street, on the south by Market Street, on the east by Po Yan Street and west by Pound Lane, consists of the two Inland Lots Nos. 592 and 593, with a private lane (Yun Wo Lane) intersecting the lots from east to west.

On this property were erected comparatively recently 28 four-storied houses and 2 two-storied buildings over the private lane.

For the resumption of this property, the Board awarded $79,000 and costs against the Crown. Though the houses are not all that could be desired, I am not disposed to recommend that they be destroyed and the property laid out afresh at the present time, but recommend that the Government retain the private lane as a public one and remove the buildings erected over it at each end coloured yellow on plan.

20. The two lots hachured red facing Market Street are the sites of two temples, and I advise that the late owners be approached with a view to their re-entry in lieu of the compensation awarded, and further advise that the title to Inland Lot No. 361 be restored to the late registered owners thereof without disturbance.

21. In the appendix will be found a tabular statement, shewing the area of private property resumed, which does not include the two Government buildings, viz., Taipingshan Market and the old No. 8 Police Station, but includes the area of private lanes, the area available for rebuilding, the area retained for new public streets and lanes, and the proposed expenditure, this latter includes the cost of streets, drains, sewers, and water pipes divided pro rata according to the frontages of each block.

22. It is most important, if this project receives the approval of Government, that steps should at once be taken to carry out the improvements and put the building lots up to sale by public auction.

•

145

23. The question therefore presents itself: how are the existing buildings to be dealt with? Some have advocated burning; some demolition of houses; others see no reason for either of these measures but are of opinion that, now that the houses have been disinfected, and remained empty thoroughly exposed to the fresh air for several months, they might with safety be repaired, and re-occupied.

24. The advocates of total destruction by burning have apparently based such a recommendation to a large extent upon the fact that plague has not occurred in the City of London since the fire of September 1666 immediately following the great plague of 1665, and also on the statement which was publicly made that the plague bacillus existed in the ground to a considerable depth.

25. I would point out that the epidemics of plague, (some of which appear to have been of a similar nature to that now known as the bubonic plague), that ravaged England during the 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, were not confined to the City of London, but extended more or less over the whole country, and with the one exception, that of the case of London, as far as I know, the plague has been banished from England by the enforcement of sanitary laws without resorting to fire.

26. Further, what was the condition of the City of London in 1665 ? Sanitation was practically unknown, the houses were erected in narrow streets and built entirely of wood. Indeed, to those who have read the Address of Captain Sir DOUGLAS GALTON to the Society of Arts in 1886, the then chairman of that society, reviewing the history and progress of sanitation in Great Britain since the accession of Her Majesty Queen VICTORIA, it cannot but be apparent that the City of Victoria with all its sanitary defects in many respects, from a sanitary point of view, is not nearly so bad as most cities and towns in England were at the commencement of the present century.

27. As regards the existence of the plague bacillus, Dr. YERSIN, before leaving this Colony, expressed his desire to correct a mis-statement, and stated that he had only discovered the bacillus of plague at a depth of 2 inches below the surface in the infected districts and not at a depth of a foot or 18 inches as reported. (Hongkong Weekly Press, August 8th, 1894.)

28. The heat developed even by such a general conflagration as suggested would not penetrate below the surface of the soil to any practical extent.

29. We next come to the total destruction of the buildings. As it happens, the project for relay- ing out the district practically necessitates the total destruction of all the buildings with few exceptions, the reconstruction of the streets, and the erection of new houses; such operations will involve the turning over of nearly the whole of the ground surface and removal of the existing old drains, so that this point need not be further considered now.

30. As to the repair and occupation of the existing premises, such a course only appears applica- ble in a few cases, and, in view of the re-opening of upwards of 350 houses closed during the epidemic and the provisions of Ordinance 15 of 1894, I cannot at present see how any logical objection can be sustained to repairing and re-occupying the comparatively few houses that it is proposed not to destroy. And further in view of the experiments conducted by Professor S. KITASATO during his visit to Hong- kong last year as described in his preliminary notice of the bacillus of bubonic plague, there would seem little probability of the existence of the bacillus in these premises after the provisions of the above mentioned Ordinance have been enforced.

31. I therefore propose, if this project is approved, to commence operation as follows:-

(a) In block A, clear out of the houses all débris and light wooden work such as cubicles and

cocklofts and cause the same to be removed and destroyed.

(b) Advertise for tenders to clear the whole site of block A and sell the materials.

Remove the buildings over Yun Wo Lane, improve the lane and sell the houses and site

as they now stand, retaining the lane for the public use.

(d) As soon as block A has been cleared and the streets constructed, put up the sites in this

block to public auction.

32. I do not propose that the Government should level the sites or construct the retaining walls beyond what is necessary for the construction of the roads, such works to be carried out by the purcha- sers of building lots.

33. The total estimated cost of the improvements, including all drains, water mains, &c., is $83,000, materials on the ground being used as far as practicable in such works.

I shall address you further on the subject of premium and Crown rent and the erection of a new market and public latrines in this area.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Director of Public Works.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

146

Block.

TAIPINGSHAN IMPROVEMENT WORKS.

Appendix referred to in Report on proposed Project dated March 22nd, 1895.

Proposed Estimated Expenditure.

Area of private property resumed.

Area available for rebuilding.

Area retained for Streets.

Sq. Ft.

28,291

18,144

10,147

9,000

34,443

26,460

7.983

15,000

18,594

14,280

4,314

5,000

A E

46,565

43,875

2,690

13,000

18,360

16,575

1,785

7,000

4,500

3,253

1,247

1,000

44,930

25,380

19,550

16,000

21,600

12,150

9,450

7,000

20,000

10,125

9,875

5,000

20,000

17,910

2,090

5,000

257,283

188,152

69,131

$83,000

I. L. No. 361.....

14,738

272,021

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Director of Public Works.

433

No. 28

HONGKONG.

COLONIAL VETERINARY SURGEON'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

SANITARY BOARD OFFICES,

HONGKONG, March 16th, 1895.

SIR,—I have the honour to submit for the information of the Sanitary Board this my Annual Report for the past year, which also includes that for the last quarter of 1894.

The Secretary,

SANITARY BOARD.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

C. VIVIAN LADDS, Colonial Veterinary Surgeon.

REPORT.

INSPECTION OF ANIMALS.

No cases of infectious or contagious disease amongst animals imported for slaughtering purposes occurred during the year.

There was rather a short supply during June and July owing to the plague outbreak.

I believe it is not yet decided to erect Reception Lairs for animals as recommended in my annual report as far back as 1888. They were also strongly recommended by the late Retrenchment Committee.

The sheep and swine permanent depôts at Kennedytown were completed by the end of the year and handed over to the Sanitary Department on December 31st.

It has been stated by some members of the community that the plague epidemic was originally brought into the Colony by swine imported from Hoihow, but I have yet to learn that the disease is communicable to swine, or cattle, in any shape or form.

CATTLE DEPÔTS.

The health of the animals housed in these depôts during the year was good, but, as in 1893, their quality was not quite so good as it might have been.

The total number admitted during the year was 16,026, out of which 336 animals were rejected as unfit for slaughtering for human food.

SLAUGHTER HOUSES.

Victoria.-The new slaughter house at Kennedytown was finished at the end of the year and handed over to the Sanitary Department on December 31st.

Hunghom.-The building is in a good state of repair and amendment, and the number of animals slaughtered therein shows a considerable increase on the figures of the previous year.

Shaukiwan. This slaughter house is still privately owned, although as far back as 1890, and again in 1891, I recommended in my annual report that a proper building be erected as laid down in Section 8 of Ordinance 17 of 1887.

The total number of animals slaughtered in the Colony during the year shows a small decrease on the figures of the previous year, this being due in a great measure, in the case of the cattle and sheep, to the absence of the Fleet during the greater part of the year; and in that of the swine to the exodus of Chinese from the Colony owing to the panic caused amongst them by the plague outbreak. This would, however, appear to have been of but short duration, the deficiency extending over the two months of June and July alone.

434

The total number slaughtered were as follows :-

1893, 1894,.

131,298

Cattle.

....

17,866 .16,898

Sheep and Goats.

11,770 10,937

Swine.

DAIRIES.

125,725

Two serious outbreaks of disease amongst dairy cattle occurred during the year.

On February 26th, I reported to the Board that several cases of contagious pleuro pneumonia had broken out in the herd, the property of the Dairy Farm Company at Pokfulum.

The Board met that day, and decided that owing to the isolated position of the farm it was not necessary to adopt the radical measure of slaughtering the whole herd, but were of opinion that the strict segregation and subsequent slaughter of all diseased animals, and the immediate inoculation of the remainder of the herd which were not affected, would meet the requirements of the case.

Fifteen animals contracted the disease and were dealt with accordingly; whilst one hundred and fifty-eight (158) animals were successfully inoculated, with only one fatal result therefrom.

No fresh cases occurred after the herd was inoculated, and the premises were accordingly declared free from disease.

It is a matter of congratulation that the Board decided to allow the inoculation of the herd, and which proved so successful, rather than adopt the more drastic method of "slaughtering out" which would have cost the Colony at least $20,000.

There is no doubt that the disease was conveyed to the farm by animals which had been imported from Australia.

I have frequently tried to impress upon the dairy farmers the risk attendant upon the introduction of foreign animals into their herds, at the same time pointing out the many advantages of colonial- bred cattle. Animals bred and reared in the Colony being naturally less susceptible to fevers, and other tropical diseases.

The second outbreak was that of cattle plague, or rinderpest, which occurred in two native dairies at Wanchai.

I reported the matter to the Board on the morning of April 11th, and at a Special Meeting which was held that afternoon, it was decided to slaughter and bury the whole of the animals housed in the two sheds without delay.

The order was carried out at once, and before midnight the premises had been thoroughly cleansed, and disinfected.

Twenty-six animals in all were destroyed, the owners receiving compensation to the amount of

$1,126.

In this case the disease was brought across by animals imported from the mainland.

As far back as 1889, I recommended that no dairies be licensed by the Board within the pre- cincts of the City, but I regret to note that no steps have yet been taken to consider my suggestion.

In fact I go so far as to say that no animals, either sheep, swine, or cattle, should be housed in the City.

MARKETS.

Temporary Central. This market was damaged a good deal during the typhoon season, but was speedily repaired temporarily by the Public Works Department.

Only two or three stalls have been vacant during the year, and these chiefly on account of bad positions.

Western. The position of the Western market has always made it a very popular one, and it supplies a densely populated district.

The articles of food sold therein are almost entirely for native consumption. In my annual report for 1890, I mentioned that the building was very old, and did not meet present requirements, recom- mending that it be re-constructed upon its present site as soon as possible.

A Committee of the Board considered the matter, and in a report dated May 19th, 1891, recom- mended that the market be re-built.

Nothing, however, has yet been done.

Taipingshan.—This market being in the condemned plague area was closed on June 19th. It was never a popular market, and can be easily dispensed with.

Saiyingpoon. My remarks upon the Western market apply equally to this one.

It is an old insanitary structure, does not at all meet present requirements, and should be re-built as soon as possible.

Shektongtsui, Wanchai, Sokonpoo, Yaumati, and Hunghom markets are all in a good state of repair, and amendment.

Shaukiwan.-In my annual report for 1889, I mentioned that this market was far too small, and recommended that accommodation for at least thirty more stalls be provided.

So far nothing has been done.

REMARKS UPON THE MEAT SUPPLY OF THE COLONY.

435

During the past seven years in which I have had control of the food supply of the Colony, many complaints have reached me respecting the inferior quality of much of the beef exposed for sale in the various markets.

Being fully aware of the correctness of such statements, and having gone carefully into the matter, I finally decided to recommend the prohibition of the importation of all dead meat into the Colony.

In three reports dated the 3rd and 21st August, 1894, and 10th November, 1894, I explained the matter fully to the Board, pointing out that all dead meat imported into the Colony was of a very inferior quality, and for that reason alone it was advisable to prohibit it, as it was impossible to condemn the meat, however much emaciated, if not actually diseased; and suggested certain alterations in schedule D of Ordinance 17 of 1887, which I thought would meet the requirements of the case.

The Board decided that it was inexpedient to adopt my suggestions upon the ground that such measures would interfere with the importation of meat from Shanghai, Japan and Australia; although in my final report, I pointed out that meat from the above places was never exposed for sale in any of the markets, and in case it should be at any future period, that a bye-law framed under sub-section 9 of section 13 of the Public Health Ordinance (24 of 1887) prohibiting the importation of all dead meat from the province of Kwangtung would effectually meet the case, mentioning at the same time that the Singapore Municipal Council has just passed a similar resolution-prohibiting the importation of all dead meat-presumably for the same reasons as advanced by myself.

STAFF.

Inspector of Markets.--Inspector FISHER obtained twelve months' leave from June 6th, and Ser- geant WITCHELL of the Police was seconded to act in his stead.

I am pleased to report that this officer has given me great satisfaction, his duties being always carried out in a most able and efficient manner.

Interpreter.-Mr. G. A. Souza has performed his duties satisfactorily.

Watchmen.---These men, as usual, gave me a considerable amount of trouble during the year, and I am glad to say that the Government has decided to replace them with Indian Constables at an early date.

In the course of the year F. P. XAVIER, J. STEWART, A. B. SOUZA, CHUNAM SHAH, and A. DELGADO were dismissed.

G. J. JOSEPH absconded, and C. S. NORONHA and C. FLETCHER resigned.

The men holding the temporary appointments are F. W. COLLINS, C. DANIELS, MAHOMED ALI, and MEER ALI.

Market Scavengers.-With the exception of some little trouble during the plague epidemic, nothing of importance occurred amongst these men during the year.

The general health of the staff was good.

Hongkong, March 16th, 1895.

C. VIVIAN LADDS, Colonial Veterinary Surgeon.

HONGKONG.

REPORTS ON THE HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

ANNUAL INSPECTION OF

HEAD QUARTER OFFICE,

313

No.

this

HONGKONG, 19th April, 1895..

SIR,-I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that I personally made the annual inspection year of the Hongkong Volunteer Corps in regard to which I have to report as follows:-

Both branches of the Corps are now in a state of efficiency. The turn-out of the men and their drill was most satisfactory. The Officers know their drill fairly well and are zealous in the perform- ance of their duties. The guns, small arms and equipment are well kept up, the maxim guns looking particularly serviceable.

With reference to the annual report of the Commandant which, with its enclosures, I forward herewith, I have much pleasure in bringing to Your Excellency's notice the increase in the number of members during the year from 95 to 112, and also the increase in the number of efficients by 24, facts which indicate a very satisfactory progress which, I trust, will be continued.

The several changes which I had the honour to recommend last year have been carried out with markedly satisfactory results.

The substitution of coolie draft for ponies has been a complete success.

The appointment of an experienced Quarter-Master Sergeant has added much to the efficiency of the Corps.

The handing over by the Government to the Corps of the complete building in which its Head- quarters are situate--thus enabling the members to feel that the Corps has a home of its own, with space for all its requirements social as well as official-has largely tended to place the Corps on that permanent footing which was so much required.

If the funds will admit of it, I quite endorse the Commandant's recommendation for khakee clothing and brown belts and slings to be substituted for the present white drill clothing and buff belts and slings of the Field Battery, but as regards his proposal for extending the drill season over a long period I should advise a longer test of the present system which was adopted after much consideration as being the best adapted to the peculiar local circumstances, and the elasticity of which--as provided for in existing regulations—seems to have been hardly availed of to the full extent.

The post of Acting Commandant which had been so long and ably held by Colonel JERRARD, to whom to a great extent the success of the Corps is due, has been well filled by Major PEMBERTON, 1st Rifle Brigade, who has entered with much zeal into the work in which he has had a large experi- ence as Adjutant of Volunteers in England; and the Corps is to be congratulated upon having the services of such a capable officer.

This my final report on the Hongkong Volunteers would not be complete without bringing specially to Your Excellency's notice the very valuable services rendered by my Aide-de-Camp, Cap- tain MURRAY, in having organized and commanded from its commencement the Maxim Gun Company, which mainly by his untiring exertions, great tact, and popularity has been brought to its present state of efficiency.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your Excellency's obedient Servant,

His Excellency

THE GOVERNOR OF HONGKONG.

G. DIGBY BARKER,

Lieutenant-General.

314

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

Training 1894-95.

From the Acting Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps, to Deputy

Assistant Adjutant General (A.), China.

HEAD QUARTERS,

1. Nominal Roll of Effici-

HONGKONG, CHINA, 16th April, 1895.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the documents as per margin, connected 2. Nominal Holl of Effici- with the training of the Hongkong Volunteer Corps for the season 1894-95, for the

enis, F. By.

ents. M. G. Co.

3. Musketry Return, F. By.

information of His Excellency the Lieutenant-General Commanding and favour of

4. Musketry Return, M. G. transmission to His Excellency the Governor.

Co.

5. Report of Gun Practice,

F. By.

M. G. Co.

The appointment of Mr. WATLING, so strongly recommended by the late Acting 6. Report of Gun Practice, Commandant Lieutenant-Colonel F. B. JERRARD, has proved most satisfactory. 7. Copy Inspection State. The arms, clothing, equipment and stores are now properly looked after and the 8. Requisition for Capita- books are up to date.

tion Grant.

The substitution of coolie for pony draft has proved a great success.

The Officers have assisted me greatly by their regular attendance at drills, and by the example they have set, and I feel that the increased efficiency of the Corps is largely due to their efforts.

The Non-Commissioned Officers are nearly all most zealous and have shewn a good example to the men by regular attendance at parades, and by the interest they take in their work.

With regard to the men I notice that the increase in the number of efficients over last year is as under:

Field Battery, Maxim Gun Company,

.......17

I venture to recommend that khakee and blue putties be substituted for the summer clothing worn at present by the Field Battery. The Maxim Gun Company retaining their present uniform. Should this proposal meet with approval I would respectfully suggest that brown leather belts be substituted for the pipe clayed buff accoutrements now worn by the Field Battery.

I think that the drill season as at present fixed is not sufficiently elastic. Lieutenant-Colonel F. JERRARD on handing over to me mentioned that this was also his opinion. It is not easy to obtain good musters at any parades after April 1st. I would ask that sanction may be given for the drill season to commence on October 1st and close on 31st March. I feel certain that this alteration would enable members to attend the requisite number of drills with less inconvenience to themselves and their employers than is the case at present. In England the drill season is during the summer months, and the minimum duration is four months.

Since last inspection the rest of the building used as Head Quarters has been handed over, and will be furnished as a recreation room for members of the Corps. I am strongly of opinion that the handing over of the building will eventually prove very beneficial to the Corps generally.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

ARTHUR R. PEMBERTON,

Acting Commandunt.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

FIELD BATTERY,

Nominal Roll of Efficients for the year ending 16th April, 1895.

315

Corps Number.

Rank and Name.

Corps Number.

Rank and Name.

Major Pemberton, A. R.

101 Gunner Gow, W.

Rifle Brigade, Acting Commandant,

125

Gifford, T.

Captain Gordon, L. A. C.

Goodridge, T.

Royal Artillery Adjutaut.

Hand, J.

Quarter-Master Sergeant Watling, G. W.

115

Harman, G.

Corps Quarter-Master Sergeant.

Hayward, S. W.

(3 Staff).

119

Captain McCallum, J.

Henderson, J.

Howard, C.

Hopkins, R. G.

Lieutenant Denson, H. E.

Machell, W.

135

Horley, H.

Bennett, H. W.

Chapman, A.

Surgeon-Captain Cantlie, J.

(5 Officers).

124

127

Kew, T. H.

Lafferty, J. McLeish, P. Meek, T.

18657

Battery Sergeant-Major Duncan, G. L.

126

Nolan, T.

Sergeant Hayward, G. C.

102

Patton, G.

Wylie, W. K.

Palmer, H. O).

Coyle, J.

Brown, A.

104

Lowrie, J.

107

Purcell, W. H.

Ramjahu, S. A. Rutter, R. V.

108

McDonald, D.

Corporal Grimes, J. B.

117

Stainfield, H. Stopani, W. A.

Lammert, R. F.

106

Stewart, W.

Soonderam, R.

Toppin, W. J.

103

Ewing, A.

136

118

McPhail, H.

Gunner Armstrong, J. H. W.

105

Bamsey, W. F.

132

Bridger, H. B.

120

Bremner, J.

116

Begley, A. J.

109

"5"

Curran, T.

100

Deas, W. M.

Ellis, O. J.

Wilkinson, S. White, G.

(47 Non-Commissioned Officers and Men.)

These Men have more than the 30 drills required, but some of them have done more under some heads and less under others than they should have done according to schedule.

A. R. PEMBERTON, Acting Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

MACHINE GUN COMPANY.

Nominal Roll of Efficients for the year ending 16th April, 1895,

Corps Number.

Rank and Name.

Corps Number.

Rank and Name.

Captain Murray, W. H. E.

Lieutenant Osborne, E.

Adamson, C. M.

111

Surgeon-Lieutenant Lowson, J. A.

(4 Officers).

123

122

66 68

Colour-Sergeant Marshall, A. M.

Sergeant May, F. H.

Sanders, E. D.

114

Rankin, J.

Maitland, F.

Corporal Badeley, F. J.

134

Stewart, E.

Burdon, E. R.

Firth, C. M.

113

Thompson, H. A. S.

129

Gunner Arnould, C. M.

133

Bell, F. H.

128

Bruce, J. S.

Crombie, H.

Danby, F. W.

97 Gunner Edwards, R. C.

Farquharson, D.

Fullerton, L. C.

Gedge, H. J.

Hastings, J. Lammert, G. P.

Master, G. C. C.

Millward, F. W.

Sandilands, L. H.

Shepherd, E. C.

Wilcox, H. C.

(26 Non-Commissioned Officers and Men.)

These Men have more than the 30 drills required, but some of them have done more under some heads and less under others than they should have done according to schedule.

The Staff of Corps is abewn with Field Battery.

A. R. PEMBERTON, Acting Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps

316

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

FIELD BATTERY.

Musketry Return shewing Percentage and Classification for the Year ending 16th April, 1895.

Number Firing.

Number of Points."

Classification.

Average.

Remarks.

1st Class. 2nd Class. | 3rd Class.

Recruits' Course,

631

25.24

Trained Soldiers' Course,

* 48

2,676

55.75

* This includes Re- eruits who fired. Trained Soldiers' Course also.

Total,

A. R. PEMBERTON,

Acting Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

MACHINE GUN COMPANY.

Musketry Return shewing Percentage and Classification for the Year ending 16th April, 1895.

Recruits' Course,

Trained Soldiers' Course,

...

Classification.

Number Number

of Firing. Points.

Average. Marks- 1st

Remarks.

men.

Class.

2nd Class.

3rd Class.

421

26.31

* 30

1,568

52.27

Total,

*This includes Re- cruits who fired. Trained Soldiers' Course also.

A. R. PEMBERton,

Acting Commandant. Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

FIELD BATTERY.

Report of Gun Practice carried out during the Year ending 16th April, 1895.

Nature of Practice.

Date on which Practice was carried out.

Present

Parade.

Number of rounds fired.

7-Pounder R.M.L. 200 lbs.,. 17th November, 1894,

Do.

do.,

19th January, 1895, 55

64-Pounder R.M.L. 64 cwt., 26th January, 1895, 43

7-Pounder R.M.L. 200 lbs.,. 16th March, 1895,

3333

General idea of Practice.

Defence against boats attempting to effect a landing near North Point Battery.

Defence against boats attempting to effect a landing at Sandy Bay during Mobilisation of Garrison.

Practice at Barrel target anchored from Stonecutter's Island, South Shore Battery.

Defence against boats attempting to effect a landing Kowloon East Bay.

A. R. PEMBERTON,

Acting Commandant. Hongkong Volunteer Corpo,

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

MACHINE Gun Company.

Report of Machine Gun Practice carried out during the year ending 16th April, 1895.

Present

Number

Nature of Gun.

Date on which practice was carried out.

of rounds

Parade.

fired.

0.45" Maxim Rifle Calibre,........

3rd November, 1894.

1.211

Do.,

17th January, 1895.

1,000

Do.,

19th January, 1895.

924

Remarks.

Practice against Troops attempting to effect

a landing at Sywan Bay.

Practice against Troops attempting to effect a landing at Deep Water Bay during Mobilization of Garrison.

Practice against Troops attempting to effect a landing at Sandy Bay during Mobiliza- tion of Garrison.

A. R. PEMBERTON,

Acting Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

INSPECTION STATE.

State of Corps.

Present on Parade,.

Absent

With leave,

Without leave,

On Medical Certificate,.

Officers.

Field Battery.

Machine Gun

Company.

N.C.O.'s & Men.

Officers..

N.C.O.'s & Men.

3rd April, 1895.

Total

of Corps.

Remarks.

122

Total,...

*5 †60

*4 †43

112

* Does not include Commandant and

Adjutant.

† 5 Chinese Medical Students, 4 Boys

Signallers and 1 Boy Trumpeter.

True Copy of a Copy.

A. R. PEMBERTON,

Acting Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

HONGKONG VOLUNTEER CORPS.

OTHER CHARGES.

For the Month of April 1895.

Payee.

Acting Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer

Corps.

Nature of Account.

Amount.

Expenses of the Volunteers.

Capitation Grant.

Field Battery,

55 Members.

Machine Gun Company,

Total,...... 85 Efficients at $26.00 each, $ 2,210.00

I certify that the above enumerated charges have been necessarily incurred in the service of the Government, and that they are just and reasonable; that the terms of all contracts concerned therewith have been duly complied with, and all services referred to duly performed during the periods and by the persons stated; that the expenditure is duly authorised; and that all articles specified have been duly received.

A. R. PEMBERTON, Acting Commandant, Hongkong Volunteer Corps.

317

HONGKONG.

STATEMENT OF WATER ACCOUNT TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of

His Excellency the Governor.

Statement of Water Account to 31st December, 1894. Treasury in account with Water Account.

To Balance,

Maintenance of Water Works,

,, City of Victoria Water Works (New Water Mains),

Kowloon Water Supply,

Cash payments by Treasury for Water Account,

Stores,

By Accounts rendered to Treasury $17,698.97 less $16.23 written off (C.S.O. 2,358

of 1894,).

Transfer to Store Account,.

Rates,

•

Balance,

March 15th, 1895.

121

No.

Receipts.

Expenditure.

$5 C.

76,857.63

7,987.82

1,134.15

60,969.05

325.44

2,377.14

17,682.74

.40

62,700.00

69,268.09

149,651.23

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Water Authority.

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' FUND FOR THE YEAR 1894.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor.

No. 3/

THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' FUND,

HONGKONG, 25th January, 1895.

SIR,--We have the honour to submit the following report on the Widows' and Orphans' Fund for the period from 1st January to 31st December, 1894.

A Statement of Accounts of the Fund to 31st December, 1894, is appended. On 31st December, 1894, the Funds were disposed of as follows:-

On Fixed Deposit, Hongkong and Shanghai Bank,

Current Account

Total,

$18,200.00

22.97

$18.222.97

The monthly contributions amount now to about $507.

During the period under review 53 Contributors joined the service and 45 left.

The Fund is now for the first time being drawn on for pension, $194.20 being claimed annually

by Mrs. BEAVIN, widow of an Officer late of the Public Works Department.

There are at present on the books 119 Compulsory Contributors.

Of these 119 Contributors, 41 are bachelors, 74 are married men, and 4 are widowers.

are 172 children on the books.

There

The average age of the three classes of Contributors (as far as it has been possible to calculate it) is as follows:

30 years.

..A fraction under 37 years. ........49 years and 3 months.

Bachelors,.... Married men, Widowers,

We have the honour to be,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Sir.

Your obedient Servants,

N. G. MITCHELL-Innes, Chairman.

ARTHUR K. TRAVERS, T. SERCOMBE SMITH,

F. MACHADO,

J. G. DA ROCHA, Directors.

Acting Colonial Secretary,

&c.,

&c.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT OF THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' FUND

FROM JULY, 1891, ro 31st DECEMBER, 1894.

July to December, 1891, January to December, 1892, January to December, 1893, January to December, 1894,

RECEIPTS.

EXPENDITURE.

BALANCE.

843.96 8,346.87

843.96

621.46

7,725.41

6,557.24

480.78

6,076.46

6,890.37

3,313.23

3,577.14

22,638.44

4,415.47

18,222.97

Refunds of amounts erroneously levied, Working Expenses,.

Pensions Paid,...

.$3,384.53 918.75

112.19

$4,415.47

Sessional Papers - 1895