Sessional Papers - 1893





PAPERS LAID BEFORE THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF HONGKONG 1893

Table of Contents

1. Assessment Department

Report for 1893-94

2. Blue Book

Report for 1892

3. Botanical & afforestation Department

Report for 1892

4. Botanical & afforestation Department

Statement of Disbursements for forestry Works

5. Criminal Statistics

For 1892

6. Education

Reports for 1892

7. Finance Committee

Reports of Proceedings for 1893

8. Fire Brigade

Report for 1892

9. Gaol

Report for 1892

10. Gaol Extension

Despatch Respecting

11. Gaol Extension

Memorial Respecting

12. Harbour Master

Report for 1892

13. Legislative Council

Proceedings for 1893

14. Medical Department

Report for 1892

15. Morphine injection

Reports on

16. Observatory

Report for 1892

17. Po Leung Kuk

Commissioners' Report

18. Police

Report for 1892

19. Post office

Report for 1892

20. Public Loan

Correspondence Re Issue of

21. Public Loan

Correspondence Respecting

22. Public Works

Report for 1892

23. Public Works

Report on the Progress of Public Works During the First Half-Year 1893

24. Public Works Committee

Reports of Proceedings for 1893

25. Registrar General

Report for 1892

26. Retrenchment

Correspondence Respecting

27. Revenue and Expenditure

Statement for 1892

28. Sanitary

Reports for 1892

29. Treasury Defalcations

Commissioners' Report

30. Treasury Defalcations

Correspondence Respecting

31. Veterinary

Report for 1892

32. Widows' & Orphans' Fund

Report for Second Half-Year of 1892

33. Yellow River inundation

Despatch Transmitting Note Respecting

 

385

No. 26

93

HONGKONG.

THE ASSESSOR'S REPORT ON THE ASSESSMENT FOR 1893-94.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 17th July, 1893,

ASSESSOR'S OFFICE, HONGKONG, 19th June, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to submit my fourth Annual Report, on the Assessment for the year

1893-94.

2. By order of His Excellency the Governor in Council, I have made a new Valuation of the whole Colony, which comprises the City of Victoria, the Hill District, the Chinese Villages in Hongkong, Kowloon Point, and the Chinese Villages in British Kowloon.

3. The City of Victoria is divided into ten (10) rating districts, and, counting each village, &c. as an unit, there are eighty (80) rating districts, or areas, in the whole Colony.

4. The number of houses reported to be vacant, and inspected under Section 35 of the Rating Ordinance, has been about the same as in the previous year, when I estimated the number of inspections at 3,500.

5. During the period from 1st July, 1892, to 1st June, 1893, Interim Valuations were made as follows:-

In the City of Victoria.

155 new tenements with a rateable value of

54 improved tenements with a rateable value of

replacing existing assessments amounting to

In the rest of the Colony.

143 tenements with a rateable value of re-placing then current assessments of...

.$46,630

.$67,740

$51,775

.$56,962

$27,112

The total Interim Assessments for the whole Colony being 352 tenements with a gross rateable value of $171,332 less $78,887, on account of assessments cancelled, leaving an increase of $92,445.

6. The result of the new General Valuation is that the Rateable Value of the Colony as a whole has increased by $6,247 or 0.17 per cent.

7. There is a decrease in the City of Victoria of $21,761 or 0.68 per cent. accounted for firstly by a continuance of the causes affecting the rental value of property, and secondly by certain tenements having been demolished since the last Valuation, and therefore not being rateable, and by property having gone out of rating in previous years, and not yet having been replaced. These properties include the new building for the Chartered Bank adjoining the Hongkong & Shanghai Bank, the Offices at the corner of Ice House Street and Queen's Road, the new store near to Messrs. LANE & CRAWFORD'S, 52 houses in course of construction upon the site of the Godowns, Praya West, near the Sailors' Home, and several other tenements in various localities. Nearly all of the properties referred to above will become rateable during the ensuing year, and I estimate the Rateable Value to be at least $40,000.

8. I estimate the gross loss to Rateable Value in Victoria attributable to depreciation in rentals at $129,340 equal to 4.08 per cent. This shows a slight improvement on last year's return when the reduction from this cause was $145,720 or 4.44 per cent. The gain from new and improved property is $107,579, which, deducted from the above mentioned $129,320, leaves a net decrease of $21,761 on the Valuation of the City of Victoria.

9. The Rateable Value of the Hill District shews a decrease of $6,030 equivalent to 6.46. per cent. 71.31 per cent. of this arises at the Magazine Gap District, where rents generally have fallen considerably. Since the Valuation was completed, I find that, in two or three instances, houses at the "Peak" have been let at improved rents, and there are indications of better figures being obtain- able in the future.

10. In Kowloon Point there is an increase of $2,190 or 2.18 per cent. Yau-ma-ti and Hung-Hom shew increases of $1,470 (3.46 per cent.) and $929 (1.22 per cent.) respectively, Kowloon Villages, i.e., the whole of the Peninsula excluding Kowloon Point exhibit an increase in Rateable Value of $4,354 or 2.54 per cent.

11. Hongkong Villages have increased in Rateable Value $27,494 equal to 27.73 per cent. $16,822 of this is owing to the extensions at the Tai Koo Sugar Refinery at Quarry Bay. Increases are also seen at Aberdeen and Shau Ki Wan of $3,752 (19.69 per cent.) and $2,404 (20.61 per cent.) res- pectively.

Out of a total of 68 Villages in the Colony, only 9 have decreased in Rateable Value, the total reduction being $1,135 against an increase of $32,983 in the other 59 Villages.

386

12. The Village Rolls throughout the Colony have been carefully revised, and the houses wholly re-numbered. I take this opportunity to thank the Honourable the Director of Public Works for the valuable assistance rendered me by Mr. KING, the Land Bailiff, in obtaining squatters' names, and in the identification of houses where the numbers had been obliterated, or where from other causes difficulties arose.

As the Village Lists are now more complete than has been the case previously, I have the honour to suggest that an Annual Valuation of the outlying districts is not necessary. If arrangements could be made for the Land Bailiff to supply me with a periodical return, half-yearly or yearly, of all changes in ownership which come under his observation, together with a list of new dwellings, &c. and those pulled down or removed, a general revision of the country districts, excepting the more important places, such as Shau Ki Wan, Aberdeen, Hung Hom and Yau-ma-ti once in three or five years, or even less frequently, would be quite sufficient.

13. I annex Table "A" giving a comparison of the Valuations of 1892-93 and 1893-94 for the City of Victoria, the amount increased or decreased in each district, and the net decrease; Table “B” giving similar comparisons for the Hill District, Hongkong Villages, Kowloon Point and Kowloon Villages; Table "C" a summary for the whole Colony.

14. I venture to express the opinion that the result of the year's work as shewn above cannot be considered other than gratifying. It certainly proves that "the Colony as a whole is progressing."

15. Mr. LAU-HI-To, my late Interpreter, died from Beri-beri on 3rd December last, and his place has been efficiently filled by Mr. IP YUK PUI, who is employed temporarily. The Clerk to Assessor, Mr. CR'AN PUI, continues to give satisfaction.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable N. G. MITCHELL-INNES,

Colonial Treasurer.

No.

DISTRICT.

Name.

Table A.

CITY OF VICTORIA.

ARTHUR CHAPMAN,

Assessor.

VALUATION 1892-93.

VALUATION 1893-94.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

1

Kennedy Town,...

$ 17,225 $ 18,940 $ 1,715 $

:..

Shek Tong Tsui,

109,110

113,964

4,854

Sai Ying Pun,

637,115

640,770

3,655

4

Tai Ping Shan,

333,855

325,810

8,045

5

Sheung Wan,

418,345

412,830

5,515

6

Chung Wan,

1,288,080

1,278,005

7

Ha Wan,..........

148,270

143,815

8

Wan Tsai,

114,395

112,440

9

Bowrington,

43,210

42,710

10

So Kon Po,

57,565

56,125

:

:

:

:.

10,075

4,455

1,955

500

1,440

$ 3,167,170

$ 3,145,409 $ 10,224 $ 31,985

DEDUCT INCREASE,

TOTAL DECREASE,........

10,224

21,761

ARTHUR CHAPMAN,

Assessor.

Table B.

THE HILL DISTRICT, HONGKONG VILLAGES, KOWLOON POINT, KOWLOON VILLAGES.

LOCALITY.

387

VALUATION 1892-93.

VALUATION 1893-94.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

$3

Hill District,

93,260

87,230

6,080

Hongkong Villages,

99,118

126,612

27,494

Kowloon Point,..........

100,080

102,270

2,190

Kowloon Villages,

171,318

175,672

4,354

ARTHUR CHAPMAN, Assessor.

Table C.

THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

LOCALITY.

VALUATION 1892-93.

VALUATION 1893-94.

Amount.

Per- centage.

Amount.

Per- centage.

%

$

%

City of Victoria,....

3,167,170

3,145,409

21,761

0.68

Hill District,

93,260

87,230

6,030

6.46

Hongkong Villages,

99,118

126,612

27,494

27.73

Kowloon Peninsula,

271,398

277,942

6,544

2.41

$ 3,630,946

$ 3,637,193

$34,038

$27,791

:

27,791

...

Deduct Decrease,...

Total net Increase in the Rateable Value of the whole Colony,... $6,247

0.17

per cent.

ARTHUR CHAPMAN,

Assessor.

:

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE BLUE BOOK AND DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS FOR 1892.

377

No. 25

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 17th July, 1893.

1.-TAXATION.

218885

93

(1) The Assessed Rates were raised by Government Notification No. 299 to 103% in a portion of the Hill District and to 83% in Yaumati, Kowloon Point, and Hunghom.

(2) A new Scale of Fees and percentages to be taken in the Supreme Court, to come into force on 1st January, 1893, was approved by the Legislative Council on the 30th November, 1892.

(3) An alteration in the Scale of Fees to be levied in Distraints for Rents was made under Ordi- nance 15 of 1892.

2. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

The Revenue amounted to $2,236,933.37, or excluding premiums from Land Sales and Water Account to $2,032,244.10; and the Expenditure amounted to $2,342,837.26, including Extraordinary Works; excluding these, to $1,882,474.49.

Year.

The Revenue and Expenditure for the past five years have been :---

1888,...$1,557,300.03

$160,688.64

Extraordinary

Expenditure, including

Water Account. Water Account.

Receipts. Expenditure.

Revenue. Premia from Land.

Ordinary Expenditure.

Defensive Works.

$1,461,459.64

$530,870.03

1889,...

1,823,549.13

154,725.60

1,459,167.16

374,551.63

1890,... 1,995,220.47

16,638.80

1,517,843.05

397,507.42

1891,... 1,907,054.43 · 51,761.47

1,868,073.26

514,526.39

$66,486.61

$66,486.61

1892,... 2,032,244.10

121,828.84

1,882,474.49 377,502.34.

82,860.43

82,860.43

3.-LOCAL REVENUES.

The Chinese inhabitants contributed in 1892, by voluntary assessment among them- selves, to the pay of the District Watchmen,..

and received from the Government for the same object a grant-in-aid of

4.--ASSETS AND LIABILITIES.

1886 the liabilities exceeded the assets by

1887 the surplus assets were

1888

Do.

1889

Do.

On the 31st December, 1892, the assets of the Colony exceeded its liabilities by. The surplus assets in:--

$ 191,512.29 (a)

$ 631,374.08 (b)

.$ 360,649.76 .$ 505,109.87

1890

Do.

.$ 309,732.25

1891

Do.

.$ 231,177.51

(c) 1892

Do.

......

$ 35,105.87

5.-PUBLIC DEBT.

$7,430.17

2,000.00

$35,105.87

No new loan was raised.

Amount of present Loan, £200,000. Amount of Sinking Fund, £42,758 7s. 7d.

6.-MILITARY EXPENDITURE.

The Military Expenditure (inclusive of the Volunteer Corps) defrayed by the Colony during the last seven years has been as follows:-

1886,

1887.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

}

1892,

Military Contribution, exclusive of

Defensive Works, and

inclusive of Volunteer Corps.

$124,561.68

$128,815.63

Defensive Works.

$217,901.45 $258,444.28

$ 62,115.90

Defensive Works.

£39,230. 0.0

£43,710. 7.6

$134.594.68

£10,036. 4.0

+

$134,261.12

$ 63,753.73

£9,678.14.5

.$124.616.96

$ 5,082.92

£

832. 1.1

$421,002.01 (?) $269,005.27

$ 20,005.45

£3,102. 1.7

(a) In the years 1886-91, the liabilities on 31st December did not include salaries and local Departmental charges for the month of December. (b) A loan of £200,000 having been raised during 1887 to be paid off on the 1st of March, 1907.

(c) In 1892 there were 13 monthly payments.

(d) The Military Contribution was doubled from 1st January, 1890, and the arrears for 1890 were paid in 1891.

378

7.-PUBLIC WORKS.

The expenditure under this head was $115,689.12 on account of Annually Recurrent Works, and $460,362.77 on account of Extraordinary Public Works.

8.-LEGISLATION.

The following Ordinances were passed during the year :-

No. 1.-An Ordinance to give effect to the change in name and style of the Surveyor

General and Surveyor General's Department.

No. 2.-An Ordinance entitled The Patent Ordinance, 1892.

No. 3.-An Ordinance to make further provision as to the issue of Night Passes for Chinese.

No. 4.-An Ordinance to amend Ordinances No. 3 of 1860, No. 15 of 1885, and No. 17 of 1891 in relation to the power of the Governor in Council to grant certain licences.

No. 5.-An Ordinance to amend Ordinance No. 15 of 1888, entitled The Rating Ordinance, 1888, and Ordinance No. 16 of 1890 entitled The Waterworks Ordinance, 1890.

No. 6. An Ordinance to amend The Bankruptcy Ordinance, 1891.

No. 7.-An Ordinance to amend Ordinance No. 4 of 1865, relating to Offences against the

person.

No. 8.-An Ordinance to repeal Ordinance No. 19 of 1890 and to amend The Dangerous

Goods Ordinance, 1873.

No. 9.-An Ordinance to amend The Merchant Shipping Consolidation Ordinance, 1891. No. 10.-An Ordinance for the incorporation of the Chairman of the Committee of the

Diocesan School and Orphanage.

No. 11.-An Ordinance to provide for the due performance of divine worship and other services in accordance with the rites of the Church of England at St. John's Cathedral Church at Victoria in this Colony and elsewhere, to incorporate a Church Body, to vest the said Cathedral in such Body and for other purposes in connection therewith.

No. 12.-An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding Two Millions Two hundred and Fifty-six thousand, Three hundred and Seventy-five Dollars to the Public Service of the Year 1893.

No. 13.-An Ordinance to authorise the Appropriation of a Supplementary Sum of Three hundred and Sixty thousand Six hundred and Eighty-seven Dollars and Thirty- seven Cents to defray the Charges of the Year 1891.

No. 14.-An Ordinance entitled The United Kingdom Probates Ordinance, 1892.

No. 15.-An Ordinance to repeal Section 45 of Ordinance No. 8 of 1860 and to amend

Schedule A to Ordinance No. 1 of 1883.

9.-COUNCILS AND ASSEMBLIES.

Executive Council.--The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G. joined the Council on appoint- ment as Colonial Secretary. The Honourable F. A. COOPER, Director of Public Works, was admitted a Member of the Council.

Legislative Council.-The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G., joined the Council on appoint- ment as Colonial Secretary. The Honourable R. MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N., joined the Council on appointment as Harbour Master, vice the Honourable W. M. DEANE, Captain Superintendent of Police, retired. The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS was appointed an Unofficial Member of the Council, vice the Honourable P. RYRIE, deceased. The Honourable J. J. BELL-IRVING was appointed temporarily an Unofficial Member of the Council in the room of the Honourable J. J. KESWICK, absent on leave.

Sanitary Board.-Mr. LAU WAI-CH'UN was appointed a Member of the Board in the room of Mr. Woo LIN YUEN, resigned.

Board of Examiners.-The Revd. G. REUSCH was appointed a Member.

SA

379

10.-CIVIL ESTABLISHMENT.

Sir JAMES RUSSELL, Chief Justice, retired on pension and was succeeded by Mr. FIELDING CLARKE, Puisne Judge, Mr. E. J. ACKROYD, the Registrar of the Supreme Court, being promoted to the office of Puisne Judge. Mr. A. G. WISE, Police Magistrate, was subsequently appointed Registrar, and Mr. H. B. LETHBRIDGE was appointed Superintendent of the Gaol.

11.-OFFICERS WHO HAVE GIVEN SECURITY FOR THE DISCHARGES OF THEIR DUTIES.

The validity of the sureties of the various Officers was duly enquired into at the end of the year and found to be satisfactory.

12. PENSIONS.

The following Officers retired on pension during the year--

1 Head of Department, 1 Gaol Guard, 1 Hospital Steward, 1 Female Keeper of the Lunatic Asylum, the Sexton and Clerk of St. John's Cathedral, and 1 Assistant Inspector of Markets, 2 European and 9 Indian Police Constables.

13.-FOREIGN CONSULS.

No new Consulates were established in the Colony during 1892.

14.-POPULATION.

The estimated population on the 31st December, 1892, was..

being 6,848 more than the estimated population at the end of 1891.

231,662

The last census was taken on the 20th May, 1891, the population being returned as 221,441, of which 157,585 were males, and 63,856 females.

The following is the estimated population for the last 10 years:-

Years

Males.

Females.

Total.

1883,

.....

124,768

48,707

173,475

1884,

130,560

50,969

181,529

1885,

137,079

53,515

190,594

1886,

..144,550°

56,440

200,990

1887,

152,427

60,524

212,951

1888,

154,500

61,300

215,800

1889,

.138,033

56,449

194,482

1890,

198,742

1891,

.......159,969

64,845

224,814

1892,

164,808

66,854

231,662

The Births and deaths for the last 5 years were as follows:-

Per 1,000 of mean Population.

Years.

Births.

Deaths.

Births.

Deaths.

1888,

...1,662

6,034

7.70

27.96

1889,

.1,683

4,597

8.65

23.64

1890,....

1,617

4,553

8.14

22.90

1891,

.1,734

5,374

7.71

23.90

1892,

.1,843

4,907

7.96

21.18

15.-EDUCATION.

The total number of Schools subject to supervision by the Government in 1892 was 122 as against 117 in 1891, and 112 in 1890.

The total number of Scholars subject to Government supervision in the Government and Grant- in-aid Schools during the last 5 years was as follows:-

Years.

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

....

1892,.

Govt.

Grant-in-aid.

Total.

1,933

4,325

6,258

.2,293

4,814

7,107

..2,514

4,656

7,170

.2,540

5,132

7,672

.2,622

5,655

8,277

380

The total expenditure for these Schools for the last 5 years was as follows:-

1888, (after deducting School fees),

1889, (

";

29

),.

1890, (

??

>>

),

1891, ( 1892, (

""

""

},

$45,518.93

44,321.98

56,081.75

60,359.10

54,819.41

16.-EXCHANGE, MONEY, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Exchange.

The rate of Exchange on 4 months' Bills on London was on 7th January, 1892, 3/13, it fell to 2/93 on the 18th August, and rose to 2/103 on 19th October, and was at the end of the year 2/9.

Currency.

The law affecting currency has remained unchanged.

Bank Notes.

The Bank Notes in circulation in Hongkong during the last 5 years, as furnished by the Managers of the respective Banks, were as follows:-

Years.

1888,

Average Amount.

$ 5,759,875

1889,....

6,034,984

1890,

6,073,332

1891....

6,050,122

1892.......

6,066,958

Money Circulation.

Specie in Reserve.

$ 2,660,000

2,552,500

2,775,833

2,650,833

2,701,150

The approximate amount of Coin put into circulation up to 31st December, 1892, was as follows :- Hongkong Silver and Copper Subsidiary Coins (50, 20, 10, and 5 cent pieces; and 1 Cent

and Mil pieces),

$8,220,125.

Weights and Measures.

The Weights and Measures in use in the Colony are regulated by Ordinance 8 of 1885.

17-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.

There being no Custom House, it is not possible to furnish an account of all Imports and Exports, but a record of Raw Opium imported and exported during 1892 has been kept, and is as follows:-

Imported, Exported,

NOTE.--Through Cargo reported in Manifests but not landed,

18. SHIPPING.

...56,864 chests.

..52,6253

.21,144 chests.

Arrivals exclusive of Junks.

The total arrivals, exclusive of Junks, during the year 1892, amounted to 4,499 vessels and 5.166,938 tons, being 28,311 tons over the arrivals in 1891.

Junks.

22,755 Junks measuring 1,606,251 tons arrived in the Colony in 1892, as against 22,806 Junks and 1,634,616 tons in 1891, showing a decrease of 51 Junks and 28,365 tons.

4.

-

The total arrivals for the last 5 years were:-

Years.

EXCLUSIVE of Junks.

Number of Vessels. Tons.

JUNKS.

GRAND TOTAL.

Number of Vessels. Tons. Number of Vessels.

Tons.

1888,...... 3,821

4,536,442

23,958

1,863,968 27,779

6,400,410

1889,.............. 3,820

4,518,614

22,926

1,716,922

26,746

6,235,536

1890,...... 4,114

4,893,733

23,512

1,795,261 • 27,626

6,688,994

1891,...... 4,351 5,138,627

22,806

1,634,616

27,157

6,773,243

1892,...... 4,499

5,166,938

22,755

1,606,251

27,254

6,773,189

Immigration and Emigration from and to Ports other than in China and Japan.

Years.

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

Arrived.

Departed.

98,800

96,195

99,315

47,849

..101,147

42,066

105,199

45,162

97,971

52,143

19.-AGRICULTURE.

381

The lands of the Colony being limited and not favourable for agricultural purposes, there is no inducement for this industry here. The produce is quite nominal, and is for local consumption only.

20.-MANUFACTURES, &c.

Manufactories.

In addition to the several Manufactories previously in existence, a Paper Mill was established at Aberdeen.

Steam-Launches.

The total number of Steam-Launches built in the Colony in 1892 of 2,714.69, as against 25 with a total tonnage of 2,324.03 in 1891. Steam-Launches of all descriptions, in the Colony, in 1892, were :—

Licensed to carry passengers,

Private Launches,

Colonial Government Launches,

War Department Launches,

was 22, with a total tonnage The total number of licensed

........

51

59

12

5

}

21.-GRANTS OF LAND.

127

The grants of land on lease during the last 5 years were :—

Years.

No. of Grants. No. of acres sold. No. of acres re-granted. Total No. of acres

A. R. P.

1888,...... 1889,.

202

44.0.31

A. R. P.

59.3.13

65

44.1. 93

44.0.5

(a) 1890,......

29

9.3.17

15.3.302

1891,......

37

(b) 1892,......

61

26.0.331 60.3.18

43.0. 51 9.1.28

granted.

A. R. P. 104.0. 41 88.1.151 25.3. 73 69.0.38

70.1.7

(a) The Returns in the Blue Book report for 1890 stated for that year lands sold by auction only viz.:-2 A. 3 R. 101⁄2 P. and did not include lands sold by way of extension to Lots already existing, the addition of the latter increasing the number of acres sold in that year to 9 A. 3 R. 17 P. as above.

(b) 116 A. 1 R. 14 P. were granted, and 46 A. 0 R. 7 P. were resumed, leaving 70 A. 1 R. 7 P. additional Land granted during the year.

Persons having possession of Lands or Houses previously to the Treaty, were allowed to retain them on payment of certain assessed rentals, now collected by the Treasurer; and in cases where such Lands or Houses are not leased, the occupiers are considered as Tenants at will.

382

22.-GAOLS AND PRISONERS.

On the 1st January, 1892, there were 502 prisoners in Victoria Gaol; 5,046 were admitted during the year, and 5,080 discharged; the total number of prisoners on the 31st December, 1892, was 468, of whom 18 were Europeans.

The daily average of prisoners was 515, as against 507 in the previous year.

The number of prisoners admitted into Gaol during the last five years was as follows:--

1888,

1889, 1890, 1891, 1892,

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

NO. OF PRISONERS.

YEARS.

TOTAL.

Men.

Women.

Juveniles.

DAILY AVERAGE NUMBER IN PRISON.

3,390

98

139

3,627

531.00

3,453

131

121

3,705

581.00

3,218

119

107

3,444

566.00

4,805

223

203

5,231

507.00

4,699

181

166

5,046

515.00

23.-CRIMINAL STATISTICS.

Supreme Court.

The following is a Return of cases tried at the Supreme Court during the last five years :-

CHARGES ABANDONED.

POSTPONED.

Number Number

YEARS.

of Cases.

of

Convicted. Acquitted.

Persons.

Number of Number of

Cases.

Persons.

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

101

186

99

47

28

តនគ

92

143

64

41

59

80

43

20

32

37

26

9

30

44

18

17

24724

40

37

17

2

9

...

...

Total...............

314

490

250

134

65

105

Average of last 5 years,

624/

98

50

26층

13

21

•••

:

Do. ending 1887,

83

127/

75巷

24

143

234

4/ B

2층

Police Magistrates' Court.

The Cases before the Police Magistrates during the last 5 years were as follows:-

CASES HOW DISPOSED OF.

Total No. Total No.

YEARS.

of Cases.

of Prisoners.

Convicted and Punished. charged.

Dis-

Committed Committed

for pending Trial. Orders.

Ordered Punished

to Find

for False Tes-

Security. timony.

Un-

decided.

1888,

11,647

}

13,309

9,932 2,849

174

109

1889,

8,670

10,033

6,894 2,497

167

54

192 337

17

1890,

9,739

10,772

7,740 2,557

102

15

318

1891,

13,676

16,382

13,972 2,040

40

12

172

1892,

11,920

14,471

12,098 2,078

44

5

211

373I7

50

67

37

1

145

28

Total,.........

Average of last 5 years,

Do. ending 1887,

55,652

11,130.4 12,993.4

12,325 14,153.8

64,967 50,636 12,021

527

195

1,230

31

327

10,127.2 2,404.2

105.4

39

246

6.2

65.4

10,807 2,584.4

143.8

25.4

477

13.8

102.4

1

383

Marine Magistrate's Court.

The Cases before the Marine Magistrate's Court during the last 5 years were as follows:-

DEFENDANTS HOW DISPOSED OF.

Number

Number of

YEARS.

of

Forfei-

To be dis-

Cases.

Defend- Impri- ants. soned.

Sent

ture

Fined.

of

Repri- manded.

back to

charged

Pay.

Duty.

from Ship.

Com- Dis- mitted missed.

for Trial.

1888,.

70

167

66

38

2

1889,

53

107

54

25

15

1890,

81

239

92

84

1891,

147

311

62

205

1892,

79

178

86

80

103

621

15

6358

1

5

13

41

23

8

Total,...

430

1,002

360

432

11

16

92

I

90

...

Average of last 5 years,

86

200.4

72

86.4

2.2

3.2

18.4

0.2

18

:

Do. ending 1887,...

74.8

137.4

64.8

30.2

8.4

5.4

8.2

1.4

19.

Police.

The Cases brought under the notice of the Police during the last 5 years were as follows:-

SERIOUS OFFENCES.

MINOR OFFENCES.

YEARS.

Persons.

Number of

Persons.

Number of

Cases.

Convicted.

Cases.

Discharged.

Convicted. Discharged.

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

2,436

1,116

556

5,678

5,772

1,105

2,893

1,409

618

4,568

4,529

1,131

3,100

1,412

616

5,324

5,007

1,213

2,994

1,687

444

7,875

9,320

673

2,983

1,728

492

6,747

8,245

729

Total,.........

14,406

7,352

2,726

30,192

32,873

4,851

Average of last 5 years,

2,881.2

1,470.4

545.2

6,038.4

6,574.6

970.2

Do. ending 1887,

2,523.6

1,279.2

528.6

587.3

5,046.2

953.8

24.-HOSPITALS, &C.

I

Civil Hospital.

The admissions to the Government Civil Hospital during the year were as follows, as compared with 1891,

1891.

1892.

Police,

570

496

Board of Trade,

135

157

Private paying Patients,

464

378

Government Servants,....

179

168

Police Cases,....

240

232

Destitutes,

279

284

Total,

1,867

1,715

The total admissions to the Hospital and Deaths during the last 5 years were as follows:—

Years.

1888,..

1889,

1890, 1891.

1892,

Admissions.

Deaths.

1,772

80

1,793

77

1,957

98

1,867

84

1,715

68

Total,

9,104

407

Average,

1,820.8

81.4

384

The admissions from the Police Force and the number of Deaths for the past five years were as follows:-

Years.

1888,.

1889,..

1890,.

1891,.

1892,

Total,

Average,.

Admissions.

Deaths.

657

15

590

14

582

7

570

8

496

7

2,895

51

579

10.2°

The admissions of Europeans, Chinese, and Indians in 1892 were 152, 120, and 224 respectively as against 167, 118, and 285 in 1891.

Military Hospital.

The admissions from among the troops during the past five years were as follows:-

Years.

Admissions.

Deaths.

1888,.

1,485

21

1889.

1,732

16

}

1890,

1,915

15

1891,.... 1892,

1,251

17

2,844

31

Total,

9,227

100

Average,

1,845.4

20

Small-pox Hospital.

The admissions during the past five years were as follows:-

Years.

1888,

....

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

Admissions.

99

19

2

17

13

Total,..

150

Average,

30

Inquests.

The inquests held during the past five years were as follows:-

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

63

76

101

59

60

25.-CHARITABLE AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.

No fresh Institution was formed.

26.-RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS.

No fresh Institution was formed.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 26th June, 1893.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Colonial Secretary.

-

147

No. 11

93

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE BOTANICAL AND AFFORESTATION

DEPARTMENT FOR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 5th April, 1893.

No. 7.

BOTANIC GARDENS, HONGKONG, 28th March, 1893.

SIR, I have the honour to submit the Annual Report on the Botanical and Afforestation Department for 1892.

STAFF.

I

2. There have been no changes, except the usual number amongst the labourers, during the year, and all have been at their posts continuously, no vacation or other leave having been taken. Mr. W. J. TUTCHER arrived from England just before the end of 1891, and took up his position as Assistant. have much pleasure in recording my great satisfaction with the assiduous, patient, and able manner in which he has applied himself to and discharged his duties in the Gardens, and also, when required for special work, for about a fortnight, in supervising the counting of trees and tree-pits for Forestry work. The Chinese office and outdoor staffs have also given diligent and faithful service in the various capacities in which they have been employed.

3. The accommodation and facilities, which the new Offices provide, have enabled much more and efficient work to be performed than could be done in the old, cramped, and entirely unsuitable build- ing, which formerly had to be put up with. These indoor improvements have influenced the staff and outdoor work generally and are a great help in securing the accomplishment of superior work.

4. The usefulness of the department as a centre for the distribution of information and advice is constantly availed of by local correspondents, and others in China and all parts of the world. It is sometimes a tax to attend to the correspondence, but at all times when it is possible inquiries are cheerfully replied to, even when we gain nothing in exchange, as it would be discourteous to leave such communications unattended to.

BOTANIC GARDENS.

Improvements.

5. Alterations in the nursery consequent on the construction of the new and removal of the old buildings have been continued and are now nearly complete.

6. In my last report I mentioned that I proposed making the approach to the nursery through a plant-house abutting just opposite to the Albany on Albany Road. This house has been erected and furnished with plants, and it appears to have met with great approval, on all sides, from the Public. It was put up with material partly taken from the old building which was demolished, the ornamental front was thus put up for the very modest sum of $200. A temporary roof has been constructed until a suitable opportunity and sufficient means can be found for putting on a permanent

and more ornamental one.

7. Work and store-sheds, and a carpenter's shop have also been constructed from the material of the old building, thus supplying a want which has greatly handicapped work for years past.

8. In Glenealy Ravine, just above the Roman Catholic Cathedral, the site where two water-tanks formerly stood has been filled up and a rockery for ornamental plants made on it.

9. Another small rockery a little lower down has also been made.

10. On the south side of the new road leading from the Gardens to the Roman Catholic Cathedral the formerly untidy corner has been levelled and planted.

This new road while no doubt providing to some people easier access to the Cathedral has not improved the Gardens, especially as it has brought to the neighbourhood boys who cannot be always kept out of mischief.

11. In the old Garden the ground which had become bare under the large "banian" has had a thick covering of good soil placed on it, supported by rough stones at the circumference and the whole space has been planted with Camellias.

148

Water-Supply.

12. This has been good and uninterrupted throughout the year, except in the nursery, but an alteration in the supply pipes made by the Water and Drainage Department, has effected an improve- ment in this respect.

West Indian Times.

13. At the suggestion of His Excellency the Governor, I applied to the Trinidad Botanic Gardens for a supply of seeds of these and the Director, Mr. HART, kindly sent me a parcel from which a nice little stock of plants was raised. Some of these have been planted in the Garden and in one of the tree nurseries, the remainder having been distributed chiefly amongst Chinese market growers who have promised to cultivate the plants in their gardens. It is hoped that by this means the Hongkong Market will in time be furnished with superior limes to those now obtainable.

Lawns.

14. The serious injury done to lawns in the Colony in 1891 and recorded in my last report, has been repeated this year, the caterpillars having re-appeared about the same time of year, namely, in the latter half of September, and continued their depredations until the end of November when with the approach of colder weather they disappeared. In 1891 numerous experiments, as reported, were tried to destroy the larvæ and moths without destroying the grass, but these experiments, with the exception of handpicking of the larvæ, and trapping of the moths, were only partly successful.

Experiments were renewed, however, when the caterpillars re-appeared, and eventually a method was discovered of destroying them without injuring the grass. In the meantime handpicking was resorted to. The article which was found successful was Jey's Fluid, one part to sixty parts of water. This was applied to the grass through the coarse rose of a large water-pot, giving sufficient of the liquid to saturate all parts of the grass above ground. Dull days, or if on clear days after the sun had gone down, were chosen in order that the liquid should take as long as possible to evaporate. Applications were found to destroy most of the caterpillars and to leave the grass uninjured, but it was necessary to repeat the process after intervals of two or three weeks, the process of depositing and hatching of eggs being continued by the moths. The remedy is somewhat expensive but it is the only one which has succeeded.

It seems probable that the mischief can be stamped out by this method, but, unfortunately, when neighbours make no effort to check the insects on their own lawns, such places are nurseries for the development of moths which will, undoubtedly, find their way to the gardens of those who make efforts to get rid of the pest.

Maintenance of Buildings, Paths, &c.

15. All the plant-houses, aviaries, sheds, roads, and paths have been kept in good repair.

Workmen's Cottages and Tool-houses..

16. As originally constructed, some of them 30 years or more ago, and others upwards of 20 years ago, these buildings were and are unsuitable, both in a sanitary and other sense, for the purposes for which they are required. They are, moreover, disreputable in appearance and an eyesore to the neighbourhood besides being right in the way of the completion of the new road recently made to open up new building sites. The sites in the vicinity of these buildings would be much depreciated in value in the eyes of would-be purchasers by the presence of these old, ugly, and insanitary buildings. It would therefore in every sense be desirable to have them demolished and re-built as soon as there may be an opportunity for so doing.

Rain Gauge.

17. By direction of His Excellency the Governor a rain gauge has been obtained from England and fixed in a suitable position for measuring and recording rain-fall in the Gardens. It was in position in time for records to be commenced from January 1st of this year, and in future the records will be published in the departmental report.

18. It might be interesting and useful to supplement the rain gauge by maximun and minimum and dry and wet bull thermometers for observing temperature and atmospheric moisture.

Garden Rules.

19. Some desirable alterations being required in the Rules for the maintenance of order in, and admission of the Public to, the Gardens the Rules were revised, authorised, and published in the Government Gazette in Notification No. 473 of the 19th November, 1892.

Amongst other alterations the time for closing the gates was made a little earlier in order that they should not be open after dark, at which time the darkness afforded facilities for irregularities which could not be checked so well as in daylight.

149

Distribution and Interchange of Plants, Seeds, &c.

20. Living plants to the number of 941, and seeds of the weight of 16 lbs. in 128 packages and packets were received. The principal donors were :—

Botanical Department, Antigua, West Indies.

Gardens, British Guiana.

Grenada.

""

""

Hanoi.

""

>>

""

""

Jamaica.

Royal, Bangalore.

Calcutta.

Ceylon.

""

;)

>>

""

"}

"3

Kew.

""

"1

"1

Mauritius.

11

*

"?

""

Trinidad.

""

27

Saharunpur.

"1

""

Singapore.

Chapman, Mrs.

Dammann & Co., Napoli, Italy. Foster, Mrs. Pearce Goddard, Mrs. Hooper, A. Shelton Humphreys, H.

27

Lewis, Mrs.

J. D.

Mueller, Sir F. Von, Melbourne.

Rapp, F.

Ribeiro, J. S. V.

Shepherd, Mrs. Bruce

Skertchly, S. B. J., F.G.S.

Treseder, John G., Sydney.

Watters, T., Canton.

21. Of plants 3,675-and of seeds 58 lbs. 14 ozs. contained in 270 packages &c., were distributed. The chief recipients were:-

Acclimatisation Society, Brisbane.

Arthur, Mrs.

Barker, C. B., H. E. Major-General Digby

Barton, J.

Boehmer & Co., Louis, Yokohama.

Bird, H.

Botanic Gardens, Bangalore.

Hanoi.

""

""

British Guiana.

17

""

Ceylon.

Grenada.

17

11

Jamaica.

""

>>

Natal.

>>

>>

Port Darwin.

""

27

""

Royal, Calcutta.

31

*)

""

;)

11

95

""

Kew. Mauritius. Trinidad.

Saharunpur. Townsville.

Bowden, V. R., British New Guinea.

Burdon, Mrs.

Central Police Station.

Chapman, Mrs.

Cricket Club.

Croade, Captain

Denison, A.

Forest and Gardens Department, Penang.

Foster, Mrs. Pearce

Fraser, F. A., Hoihow.

Gardens and Forests, Singapore.

Goddard, Captain

Government Civil Hospital.

Hodgins, Captain

Hooper, A. Shelton

Humphreys, H.

J. D.

Hutchison, J. D.

Jardinero, Major, Manila. Knaggs, S. W.

Mackenzie & Co., Shanghai.

May, F. H.

Mons. de Poli, Paris.

More, Mrs.

Osborne, E.

Rapp, C. F.

Rickett, J., Yokohama. Robelin, C., Bangkok. Shepherd, Mrs. Bruce Stokes, R.

Taj Mahal Gardens, Agra. Treseder, John G., Sydney. Veitch & Sons, J., Chelsea. Watters, T., Canton.

Plant Sales.

22. Improvements in the nursery have, besides being of much advantage to the Gardens, enabled better and more work to be done in providing plants for the Public. 2,307 plants were sold, the amount realised for them and some seeds being $612.57. There are increases of, in plants 423, and in money $268.80 over the sales of the preceding year.

23. It will be remembered that the Gardens do not derive any benefit from the sale of plants, the receipts being paid into the Treasury and not credited to this department, nor is it designed that the Government should derive benefit from the transactions, those who benefit being the Public only; it is calculated that the prices charged for plants shall be about the cost of their propagation and cultiva- tion only.

Loan of Plants for Decoration.

24. Not quite so many plants were applied for as in the previous year. The number of applicants was 16 as against 19 in 1891, and the plants lent 1,688 as against 2,746 in the previous year.

150

Herbarium and Library.

25. The collections of dried plants and books were transferred to their quarters in the new building in the early part of the year. The herbarium is commodious, and well adapted for the preservation of plants, which can now be examined and studied with comfort and convenience by any one wishing to do so.

26. In consequence of pressure of other work, and of the cramped place where the plants were formerly kept work in the herbarium was almost suspended in 1891, but during the year under review a considerable number of plants were prepared and incorporated, and arrears have been mostly worked

up.

27. My thanks are due to Dr. A. HENRY for a valuable collection of 742 species of plants from his Central China collections, and to the Royal Gardens, Kew, for 127 species of miscellaneous plants. 28. Thanks are also due for the various Reports, &c., contributed and named in the following list of additions to the library

Agricultural Bulletin of Malay Peninsula, 1892.

Gazette New South Wales, 1892.

""

"

and Livestock Statistics, South Aus-

tralia, 1892.

Botanical Magazine, 1892. Purchased. Botanicum Sinicum, Botany of Chinese classics, Bretschneider, 1891. Presented by Dr. Bretschneider, St. Petersburg. Bibliography of Australian Economic Botany.

Part 1, 1892.

Bulletin (Brisbane) of the Department of Agri-

culture, 1892.

Bulletin, Agriculture in the Straits Settlements,

of Miscellaneous Information, 1892. Bulletin, (Jamaica) of Botanical Department,

1892.

Bulletin, (Kew) of Miscellaneous Information,

1892.

Bulletin, (Trinidad) of Miscellaneous Informa-

tion, 1892.

Catalago de las Plantas del Herbario, from Ma-

nila.

Flora of British India, Part 18. From Kew. Gardeners' Chronicle for 1892. Purchased. Hookers' Icones Plantarum Vol. i part. IV. Vol. ii part i, Vol. iii parts i and ii, 1892. From Kew. Hygrometrical Tables adapted to the use of the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer. Pur- chased.

Indian Forest Reports.

Forest Administration of the Forest Survey

Branch in India, 1890-1.

Forest Administration of Imperial School in

Dehra Dun, 1891-2.

Forest Administration in Andamans, 1891-2.

in Ajmere-Merwara, 1890-

1891.

>>

Forest Administration in Baluchistan, 1890-1.

in Bombay Presidency in-

""

cluding Sindh, 1890-1.

Forest Administration in Coorg, 1890-1.

2)

Districts, 1890-1.

in Hyderabad Assigned

Forest Administration in Lower Provinces of

Bengal, 1890-1.

Forest Administration in Lower Burma, 1890-1.

Forest Administration in Madras Presidency,

1890-1.

Forest Administration in Central Provinces of

Bengal, 1890-1.

Forest Administration in Upper Burma, 1890-1. Journal of Botany, 1892. Purchased.

Le Tagasaste (Cytisusproleferis Varietas). From

Kew.

List of Medicines exported from Hankow and

the other Yangtze ports. Purchased.

Laws of Storms in the Eastern Sea. Purchased. Manual of Injurious Insects and methods of pre-

vention. Purchased. ·

Observations on Botanical Collections made by Mr. A. E. PRATT in Western China. From Kew.

Ordinances of Hongkong Vol. i, 1844-1877, and

Vol. ii, 1879-90.

Proceedings of the Agri-Horticultural Society

of Madras, 1891. Report Botanic Gardens,

}}

>>

Grenada, 1891. Natal, 1891.

""

""

>>

""

""

>>

""

19

Cyclone of 1892.

Saharunpur, 1891-2. Royal Calcutta, 1891-2.

Ceylon, 1891. Mauritius on the

Report Botanic Gardens, Royal, Trinidad, 1891. and Forest Department

""

in the Straits Settlements, 1891. Report of the Conference of Fruit Growers, De- partment of Agriculture, New South Wales. Report of the Conference on Rust in Wheat.

,, Department of Agriculture, Bris- bane, 1890-1. Report of the Department of Agriculture, Cape

of Good Hope, 1891-2.

12

11

Report of the Government Botanical Gardens and Parks, Dewan of Mysore, 1890-1. Report of the Pomologist, United States Depart-

ment of Agriculture, 1891.

Report of the Queensland Acclimatisation So-

ciety, 1892.

Report of State Forest Administration in New

South Wales, 1891.

Statistical Register of the Province of South

Australia, 1890.

Transactions and Proceedings of South Califor-

nia Horticultural Society.

Weather Warnings for Watchers. Purchased.

151

FORESTRY.

Planting Operations.

29. In this branch of the department's operations, as in the Gardens, a great deal more work was accomplished than in the previous year. The total number of trees placed in permanent positions was 356,663 as against 115,081 in the previous year, that is upwards of three times the quantity. Appendix A. gives a tabular statement of the kinds and numbers of trees planted and the localities where they were planted.

Protective Service.

30. The number of offenders brought before the Police Magistrates by Forest Guards was 101, out of which 92 convictions were obtained. This is an increase in the number of cases of 22 and of convictions of 15 as compared with the year 1891. Out of the 92 convicted persons 29 paid fines amounting to $87.50, the remainder, 63, were imprisoned for terms ranging from three days up to two months each. The lowest fine was 50 cts., and the highest $10.

31. The service was worked with the usual number of Forest Guards, but arrangements have been sanctioned for a slight increase this year.

32. The majority of offences are in each case trivial, but if these slight offences were overlooked they would undoubtedly quickly develop into more serious damages to trees.

Grass Fires.

33. There were 63 fires recorded, which destroyed about 2,000 trees.

34. I have again to thank the Police Officers at various out-stations for valuable services in reporting and extinguishing grass fires.

35. The system of fire barriers throughout the Colony was efficiently maintained, 41 miles of old barriers having been cleared and 2 miles of new ones made just before the approach of the dry season.

36. For the purpose of repressing grass fires which to a large extent are caused by people con- ducting ancestral worship at tombs scattered all over the hills, a Register of Graves has been obtained. for the use of this department, so that in the event of the origin of fires being traced to certain graves the worshippers may have the responsibility fixed on them. The Register affords information of the locality of each grave and the address of the person or persons interested in its maintenance and accustomed to pay the annual tribute to ancestors. Tomb-worshipping takes place in the autumn and spring of each year, when this department stations men in the vicinity of cemeteries and graves to extinguish fires which may occur. The Register was obtained just before the late autumnal festival, and the people were acquainted with its object and admonished to exercise greater care in the use of fire. These efforts had a very happy result, very few, and they are insignificant, fires having taken place, which went far to prove that grass fires may be prevented with ordinary care.

37. I have to thank the Honourable the Registrar General, and the late Major-General GORDON, Captain Superintendent of Police, and the Officers acting under him, for this Register, the Officers in charge of out-stations having collected the information for me.

38. The Register records contain 1,164 graves in Hongkong and Kowloon. The localities, and number of graves in each, will be found in Appendix C.

39. Fortunately, no graves are now allowed to be made outside cemeteries, but it will be a long time before all interest has ceased in those which remain, therefore vigilance must not be relaxed in exercising efficient control over them.

Thinning of Plantations, &c.

40. The total number of trees removed from plantations during the year was 31,108 which realized $492.33. The total revenue for forestry products was $534.40. That for 1891 was $601.31.

41. Appendix B. gives the statistics of this work.

I have the honour to be,

Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary, &c., &c., &C.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

CHARLES FORD,

Superintendent,

Botanical and Afforestation Department.

:

Appendix A.

STATISTICS OF PLANTING OPERATIONS.

DESCRIPTION AND NUMBERS OF TREES AND AREA IN ACRES.

LOCALITY.

Pinus

Pinus

sinensis

sinensis

SOW11

planted.

Cunning

hamia

sinensis.

sinensis.

in situ.

Crypto- Celtes Aleurites meria

japonica.

triloba.

Camphor.

Tristanea

conferta.

Albizzia

Miscel-

Bamboos.

Lebbek.

laneous.

Area in

Acres.

Kowloon,

13,512

1,265

1,322

41

Causeway Bay,

17,200

477

1,519

North Point,

28,299

5,620

Quarry Bay,

9.061

29,988

Deep Water Bay,

30,862

Pokefoolam,

2,342

Sandy Bay,

6,380

East of Aberdeen and Wanchai Road,

12,144

520

...

Aberdeen,

9,799

Near Military Sanitarium,

3,230

...

Above Bowen Road, Happy Valley,

13,082

...

Above Pokefoolam Road,....

5,097

...

Near Mount Kellet Cemetery,

1,173

...

...

Near Tytam Reservoir,

2,358

...

...

Tytam,

Mount Davis,

Chaiwan,

89,734

...

Mount Kellet,

20,297

...

23,470

...

27,525

Richmond Road,

Robinson Road,..

Lunatic Asylum,

Magazine Gap Road,

Near Bowen Road, Miscellaneous,

{

888

38

...

...

28

131

23

24

16

*

...

28

32

...

251

...

...

22

22

49

47

20

20

...

...

12

22

24

A

51

10

CC

...

10

44

...

...

1

2

742

162

12

19

23

47

Grand

Total of

Trees.

152

154,539

197,899

1,799

1,519

599

96

45

20

36

24

87

2951 356,663

CHARLES FORD,

Superintendent,

Botanical and Afforestation Department.

Appendix B.

SALE OF FORESTRY PRODUCTS.

Localities.

PINE TREES FELLED.

Amount

Quantities.

Realized.

Mount Davis,

16,721

286.99

Chaiwan,

5,330

5.33

Aberdeen and Wanchai Road,.

8,316

86.04

Kowloon,.....

2,084

40.35

Green Island,

1,851

28.10

Sandy Bay,

1,797

43.89

Above Bowen Road,

9

1.63

Total Number of Trees,...

31,108

492.33

Piculs, Catties.

Tree Prunings, .

Pine Seeds,

282

11.47

2

20

30.60

Total Revenue for: Forestry Products.....

534.40

153

CHARLES FORD,

Superintendent,

Botanical and Afforestation Department.

Appendix C.

LOCALITIES AND NUMBERS OF GRAVES REGISTERED

OUTSIDE CEMETERIES.

Aberdeen District,

Hung Hom,

LOCALITY.

Kowloon,

Shaukiwán,

Stanley,

Wanchai,

Western District,

Total,.

Number.

519

186

s

200

20

181

50

8

1,164

CHARLES FOrv, Superintendent,

Botanical and Afforestation Department,

169

No. 13

93

HONGKONG.

STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS FOR FORESTRY WORKS IN THE YEARS 1894 AND 1895.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency

the Governor, on the 25th May, 1893.

Statement showing Disbursements for Forestry Works in the years 1894 and 1895 for which contracts have been already made, and those for which contracts now require to be made.

To be disbursed in 1893.

Estimated total cost.

To be disbursed in 1894.

To be disbursed in 1895.

APPROVED BY LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

C.S.O. No. 1161, 1892.

$ C.

$ C.

$

C.

$

C.

1. Rearing Trees in situ,

840.00

400.00

440.00

A

2.

""

""

to be planted in 1894,

960.00

600.00

360.00

3. Planting Trees being reared under No. 2,..

1,600.00

1,600.00

Contracts to be now made which require approval:-

4. Rearing Trees to be planted in 1895,

1,000.00

5. Planting the Trees to be reared under No. 4,

1,600.00

1,000.00 1,600.00

$6,000.00

1,000.00

2,400.00

2,600.00

The works under headings 4 and 5 now require the approval of the Legislative Council in order that the contracts for them may be made; those under headings 1, 2, and 3 have already been sanc- tioned and are now in progress.

CHARLES FORd, Superintendent,

Botanical and Afforestation Department.

155

No. 12

93

HONGKONG.

RETURNS OF SUPERIOR AND SUBORDINATE COURTS FOR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 5th April, 1893.

No. 44.

REGISTRY SUPREME COURT,

HONGKONG, 23rd March, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward herewith the following annual returns :--

1. Returns of all sums received as Revenue in the Registry of the Supreme Court during

the year 1892.

2. Same returns as compared with the receipts of 1891.

3. Indictments and Informations in the Supreme Court of Hongkong for the year 1892. 4. Return of Criminal cases that have been brought under the cognizance of the Supreme

Court during the last ten years.

5. Comparative table showing the number of offences, apprehensions, convictions, and

acquittals for the last five years.

6. Return of Criminal cases tried in the Supreme Court of Hongkong during the year 1892. 7. Civil cases commenced and tried in 1892,-

a. In Original Jurisdiction.

b. In Summary Jurisdiction.

Appeals commenced and tried.

8. Probates and Administrations granted in 1892.

From Returns 1 and 2 it will be seen that there is a decrease in the Revenue of 1892 as compared with that of 1891 amounting to...

This decrease has taken place chiefly in the following items of Revenue:—

A. Court Fees (proper) paid by stamps,

There was considerably less litigation in 1892. In 1891, 127 Original Suits and 1,632 Summary Suits were commenced against 71 and 1385 in 1892.

B. Official Administrator's and Official Trustee's Commissions,... C. Registrar of Companies' Fees,

In 1891 there were 19 new Companies registered with a capital of $7,622,000, and in 1892 there were only 12 new Companies registered with a capital of $2,076,000.

D. Official Assignee's Commission,

Under the new Bankruptcy Ordinance, No. 20 of 1891, which came into force on the 1st January, 1892, the office of Official Assignee in all new cases is abolished, and this Commission is now only chargeable on sums recovered in Bankruptcies prior to that date and will ultimately disappear as a source of revenue.

E. There is an increase

Under the head of Fines and Forfeitures of $189.50, and of Land Office Fees of $652.

CRIMINAL RETURNS.

.$6,526.13

Decrease. $2,291.04

763.53 1,593.50

1,179.61

The number of cases tried in the Supreme Court in 1892 were 30, or only 2 less than in 1891. The returns show a considerable reduction in the number of cases tried since the

The average for 1st five years from 1883 to 1887, was

";

2nd

There were no Maiden Sessions.

""

from 1888 to 1892, was

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

year 1889.

..83

.62층

The Honourable

COLONIAL SECRETARY,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

Your most obedient Servant,

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

156

RETURN of all sums received as REVENUE in the Registry of the Supreme Court, during the Year 1892.

Original Jurisdiction,

Summary Jurisdiction,....

Bankruptcy Jurisdiction,

Probate Jurisdiction, ......

Official Administrator's Commission,

Official Assignee's Commission,

Official Trustee's Commission,

$ 3,470.20

4,119.49

672.97

697.03

1,480.24

54.02

162.94

Appraiser's Fees,...

1.60

Sheriff's Fees,

181.00

Bailiff's Fees, ......

1,207.50

Interest on Deposit of Surplus Cash,.....

2,864.54

Fees on Distraints,

2,017.50

Registrar of Companies,

2,062.00

Fine and Forfeitures,

250.00

Land Office Fees,........

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 23rd day of March, 1893,

$19,241.03

4,976.00

$24,217.03

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

RETURN of all SUMS COLLECTED in the Registry of the Supreme Court for the Year 1892, and paid into the Treasury.

1891.

1892.

REGISTRAR.-Court Fees paid by Stamps,

.$ 13,268.23

$ 10,977.19

OFFICIAL ASSIGNEE.-5% on amounts encashed paid into the Treasury,

OFFICIAL ADMINISTRATOR,.

1,233.63

2,093.83

54.02

1,480.24

OFFICIAL TRUSTEE.-2% on amount of Trust on taking over up to $10,000 above $10,000 commission 1 % on further amount, 1 % commission on income, ...

312.88

162.94

APPRAISER OF INTESTATE ESTATES.-2 % on Houses, Land, Goods, Furniture,

&c., 1% on Cash, Banking account or Shares,............

2.70

1.60

BAILIFF,

1,386.50

1,207.50

SHERIFF,

318.00

181.00

REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES,

INTEREST on Registrar's Balance at the Bank,

FINE AND FORFEITURES,

3,655.50

2,062.00

4,087.39

2,864.54

60.50

250.00

LAND OFFICE FEES,

DEPOSIT UNAVAILABLE.-Intestate Estate not claimed,

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 23rd day of March, 1893.

$ 26,419.16

19,241.03

4,324.00

4,976.00

$130,743.16

24,217.03

......

360.50

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

157

INDICTMENTS and INFORMATIONS in the SUPREME COURT of HONGKONG, for the Year 1892.

Including Attempts and Conspiracies to commit the several offences.

Showing how the cases tried in

the Superior Courts ended.

(Each Prisoner tried counts as a separate case; where a large number of Prisoners have been convicted together, the fact is mentioned in a note.)

Total.

Murder.

Manslaughter.

Attempt at murder.

Concealment of Birth.

Judgment for the Crown,..........

18

:

Judgment for the Prisoner,

17

1

Prisoner found Insane,.

Cases which fell through for want of prosecution or absence of accused, and cases thrown out by the Grand Jury (Attorney General),

Cases postponed,

:.

9

1

1

2

.:.

:

...

:

44

2

Co

3

Rape.

Unnatural Crimes.

Robbery with violence.

Other offences against the Person.

Offences against Property.

Miscellaneous offences.

Abortion.

:

:

:

:.

:

:

:

:

:

.:.

...

:

:

1

سم

10

5

2

:

:

:.

:

:

:

:

:

1

00

8

4

2

1

2

:

10

5

:

00

8

19

11

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 23rd day of March, 1893.

BRUCE SHEPHERD, Acting Registrar.

RETURN of CRIMINAL CASES that have been brought under the COGNIZANCE of the SUPREME Court, during the last Ten Years.

Charges Abandoned.

Postponed.

Number Number

YEAR.

of Cases.

of Persons.

Convicted. Acquitted.

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

(c.) 1883,

91

126

70

26

(d.) 1884,.

68

101

65

20

1885,.

91

147

103

(e.) 1886,.

75

107

59

20

(f) 1887,.

94

155

82

36

22229

14

28d

2

2

8

16

16

22

16

27e

1

1

17

26

1

8

Total,.

419

636

379

124

71

119

4

11

1888,

101

186

99

47

28

40

(g.) 1889,.

92

143

64

41

24

37

...

1890,.

59

80

43

20

17

1891,...

32

37

26

9

2

2

1892,.

30

44

18

17

9

Total,.

314

490

250

134

65

105

:

Average of 1st

834

127층

750

244

14

233

Period,....f

Average of 2nd

623

98

50

26告

13

21

Period,....

هران

21/

c. In one case the recognizance estreated, this case is included in the total, but not in any other of the above headings. d. In one case the recognizance estreated, and one prisoner committed suicide in the Gaol.

e. In one case the recognizance estreated.

f. In three cases the recognizances were estreated.

g. In one case the recognizance estreated, this case is included in the total, but not in any other of the above headings.

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 23rd day of March, 1893.

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

158

COMPARATIVE TABLE showing the NUMBER of OFFENCES, APPREHENSIONS, CONVICTIONS and ACQUITTALS

for the last Four Years.

The Number of Convictions in the Superior Courts-

1. For Offences against the Person,

2. For Offences against Property,

3. For other Offences,........

The Number of Persons Acquitted-

2. In the Superior Courts,

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

18

13

13

6

40

22

9

8

6

8

4

4

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 23rd day of March, 1893.

Number of Cases tried.

Number of Persons tried.

a 1

1

1

1

1

01 -

2

1

2

2

41

20

9

17

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

RETURN of CRIMINAL CASES tried in the SUPREME COURT of HONGKONG during the Year 1892.

~ 1

2

CRIMES.

Death Recorded.

over one Year.

Hard Labour

Hard Labour one

Year and under.

SENTENCE.

Solitary Confinement- Number of Persons.

Number of Persons. Privately Flogged-

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

No. of Cases.

No. of Persons.

DONED,

PONED.

CHARGES

CASES

ABAN-

POST-

-:

::

Convicted.

Acquitted.

Death.

Assault,

Assault and false imprisonment,. Bribery,

Burglary,

Burglary and receiving stolen goods, Conspiracy,

Escape,

Feloniously assaulting with intent to rob and being

armed with an offensive weapon,

1

Feloniously having in possession forged Bank notes, Feloniously and maliciously throwing corrosive fluid

1

with intent to do grievous bodily harm, Feloniously and maliciously wounding with intent

to do grievous bodily harm,

1

1

1

Larceny,

Larceny and receiving stolen goods,

Larceny by a servant,

Larceny from a boat in Victoria harbour,.

Larceny in a dwelling house,

Larceny of a valuable security,.

2

Making a false statement to the Registrar of deaths, Manslaughter,

1

1

1

1

26

35

Murder,

Robbery with violence,

Unlawfully and fraudulently obtaining from the Post Office certain letters the property of the Postmaster General,.............................

Wounding with intent to do grievous bodily harm,...

I

~

18

17

...

::

:

3

...

1 1

1

1

1

...

::

1

-:

9

8

:

1

::

::

:

1

:

:

1

Of 44 Persons only

35 were tried.

9 were not indicted which are included under the heading of "Charges Abandoned,"... 9

44 Persons.

a In this case the prisoner was fined $250.

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 23rd day of March, 1893.

1

4

9

::

:

...

BRUCE SHEPHERD, Acting Registrar.

1892.

CASES COMMENCED.

JUDGMENT.

Settled or

No.

Debt and

withdrawn

Jurisdiction. of

Cases.

damages.

before

Plaintiff.

Trial.

Defend- ant.

Non- Suit.

Struck out,

Dismissed and Lapsed Writs.

In Dependency.

159

TOTAL CASES TRIED.

Debt and

Cascs. Damages

recovered.

Original,

71

$847,428.59

10

21

6

34

27

$86,237.63

Summary,

1,385 $181,542.77

510

554

64

1

210

46

619 $86,607.52

Registry Supreme Court, 23rd day of March, 1893.

1892.

CASES TRIED.

JUDGMENT.

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

Jurisdiction.

No. of Cases.

Debt and Damages.

Plaintiff. Defendant.

Debt and

Struck out, Damages.

Non-Suit. Dismissed and

Lapsed Writs.

Original,

Summary,

....

39 (a) | $150,628.03

849 (b) $116,743.97

31

2

6 $137,043.24

571

66

1

211

$90,146.00

12 of these cases were pending on the 31st December, 1891. 20 of these cases were pending on the 31st December, 1891.

Registry Supreme Court, 23rd day of March, 1893.

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

1892.

APPEALS COMMENCED,

JUDGMENT.

Respondent.

Pending.

No. of Cases.

Appellant.

5

4

Registry Supreme Court, 23rd day of March, 1893.

No. of Cases.

Appellant.

5

4

1

BRUCE SHEPHERD, Acting Registrar.

1892.

APPEALS TRIED.

JUDGMENT.

Respondent.

Pending.

Registry Supreme Court, 23rd day of March, 1893.

1

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

160

CALENDAR of PROBATES and ADMINISTRATION granted by the SUPREME COURT of HONGKONG during the Year 1892.

Date of Grant.

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Probate, Administration

Time and Place of Death.

with Will annexed, or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value of Effects as

set forth in

the Commis-

sion of Ap- praisement.

1892. Jan,

154

11

"

**

""

"

4 Lam Sau (or Sow) otherwise Wing Leung otherwise In Tong,

4 Yeong Lin Fat,

Wong Leung Shi,

4 Jane Adelaide Yellop, 7 William Keeble,

22 Kung Fuk,

22 William Forbes Sharp,

Lam Hung Kwan, the eldest son and one of the executors. Power being re- served to grant the like Probate to Heung Ki, the second son,

Nam Ping Village, Heung Shan District, in the Pro- vince of Kwong Tung, China, 16th Oct., H'kong, 9th Sept.,

Probate,

1891,

65,900.00

1890,

Adm. with the Will annexed,

Chim She, the lawful widow of the de-

ceased,

275.00

Honam, in Canton,

Probate,

Wong Ip Ki, the son, and Wong Ping

1891, 1891,

Un, the grandson,

9,000.00

Do., Letters of Adm.

William Powell, the executor,

3,900.00

| Official Administrator,

600.00

Do.,

100.00

20th Feb., H'kong, 21st Dec., Luc-Nam, in Tonkin,

25th Jan., 1891,

San On District, in the Pro- vince of Kwong Tung, China, 15th Dec., 1891, Hankow, in the Empire of China, 21st April, 1891,

Adm. with Expl. of the Will annexed,

Fung A Oi, mother of the deceased,

Augustus Sharp, brother of the deceased and the duly authorised attorney of Alexander Ryrie Greeves for the use and benefit of the said Alexander Ryrie Greeves and until he shall duly apply for Probate of the Will to be granted to him,.....

1892, Administration, The Right Reverend John Timoleon Rai-

mondi, the Roman Catholic Titular Bishop of Acantha, &c.,

1,800.00

22 Giuseppe Burghignoli,

H'kong, 2nd Jan.,

2,600.00

22 Fung Tat,

Canton, 12th Dec.,

29

Feb. 10 John Edgar,

"

10 |Ng A Ngan,

H'kong, 11th Jan., H'kong, 24th Jan.,

10 Idroos Moosdeen,

H'kong, 6th Jan.,

1891, Probate, 1892, Administration, 1892, Probate, 1892, Administration,

Fung Yuk, the executor,

6,000.00

| Kwok So Yau Edgar, lawful widow,

5,000.00

Chau Cho Loong, executor.

5,200.00

Abdool Rahim Moosdeen, brother,

1,000.00

11

""

Macao, 4th Sept., H'kong, 3rd Dec.,

1890,

Do.,

Ricardo Romão Robarts,

700.00

1891,

Do.,

Marcellina Antonia de Pinna, lawful

widow,

100.00

DO.

Official Administrator,

1,100.00

10 Florencio Antonio da Cruz, 10 Eymerico Prudencio de Pinna,...

10 Alfred Charles Bowring Hance,.

15 Henry George Thomsett,

Newton, in the Colony of New South Wales, Aus- tralia, 27th Sept., 1890, Southampton, England,

20th Jan., 1892,

Adm. with the Will annexed.

""

24 Chang Fat,

H'kong, 4th Feb.,

1892,

Probate,

24 Lai Sai Kam,

Mar.

1

Thomas W. Hall,..

1

"

John William Croker,

Alfred Bulmer Johnson, the duly ap-

pointed attorney of Harry Mayes Thomsett for the use and benefit of the said Harry Mayes Thomsett and until he shall duly apply for Probate. Power being reserved of granting the like Probate to Susannah Agnes Thomsett, the executrix named in the Will,...... Chang Man, the executor. Power being reserved to grant the like Probate to Chang Yau, the eldest son when he shall attain the age of 21 years, Ip Lai Kam and Ng Lai Sheung, execu-

trixes,

35,400.00

700.00

H'kong, 5th Dec.,

1890,

Do.,

6,500.00

24 Liu Ting Yin alias Wei Sit,

28 Liu Wei Tai,

H'kong, 30th Oct., H'kong, 14th Feb., Sun Wui, near Canton,

29th Nov., 1892, Sun Chuen, in Sun Wui, in the Province of Kwong Tung, 25th Feb.,

1891, 1892,

Administration, Do., Double Probate,

Administration,

| Official Administrator,

250.00

Do.,

200.00

Liu Kam Chuen, one of the sons and

executors,

9,000,00

Liu Kam Chuen, brother of the deceased,.

7,900.00

1892,

Apr.

1 Ip Lin Kwai,

Paris, in France,

Do.,

Official Administrator,

100.00

3rd Nov.,

1891,

2 Thoorja Mahomed Arab,

H'kong, 16th Oct.,

1887,

Administration

Abdool Rahim Moosdeen,

16,000,00

de bonis non,

14 Phineas Ryrie,

H'kong, 21st Feb.,

1892,

Adm. with the Will and two Codicils annexed,

Arthur Wellesly Walkinshaw, the duly

authorised attorney of Edward Carey Smith for the use and benefit of the said Edward Carey Smith and until he shall duly apply for Probate of the Will and Codicils to be granted to him,

2,000.00

14 Tse Chung Hing alias Tse Chun H'kong, 23rd April, 1891,

Probate,

Un,

Tse Wo Chai, one of the executors. Power being reserved to grant the like Pro- bate to Tse Wing and Tse Wan Lam, the other executors, .

14 Fung Yau,

25 Yeo Leng Tow,

Canton, 25th March, 1892,

Chiang Chew Hoo,in Amoy, 29th March, 1888,

Do.,

Fung Chün, father and executor,

1,000.00

3,500.00

Administration,

May 5 Robert Graham Ogle..........

Shanghai, 21st March, 1892, Adm. with Expl.

of the Will annexed,

Joseph Rahamin Michael the duly autho- rised attorney of Lim Kin Neo for the use and benefit of the said Lim Kin Neo and until he shall duly apply for Letters of Administration to be granted to him,..... George Alexander Wood the duly autho- rised attorney of Grace Maria Ogle for the use and benefit of the said Grace Maria Ogle and until she shall duly apply for Probate of the Will to be granted to her,

400.00

3,520.00

5 Jacob Benjamin Elias,

::

5 Chan Tsun,

""

11 Alfred Christian Dorff,

H'kong, 8th March, 1892, Fat Shan, in the Empire of China, 4th Feb., 1892, H'kong, 2nd Feb., 1892,

Administration,

Emanuel Raphael Belilios,

1,000.00

"

11 Wan A Cheung,

Canton, 11th March, 1891,

Adm. with the Will annexed, Do.,

Probate,

Leung Ting, the lawful widow and relict

of the deceased,

5,000.00

Julius Kramer, Danish Consul at Hong-

kong,

22,000.00

Li Sing Tin, executor,

5,500.00

"}

161

CALENDAR of PROBATES and ADMINISTRATION, Continued.

Date of

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Time and Place of Death.

Grant,

Probate, Administration with Will annexed, or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value of Effects as set forth in the Commis- sion of Ap- praisement.

1892.

May 14 Alfred O'Neill Morice,

Westminister, in the County | Adm. with Expl. of Middlesex. England, of the Will

19th Jan., 1892, annexed,

14 Tsang Sau Fat alias Tsang Syu Saukewan, at H'kong,

Fat,

Probate,

3rd April, 1892,

"

14

Chan Tak Shing alias Chan Canton. 28th Sept.,

Keng Ü.

1891,

-21

"1

André Bataillard,

Hongay, in Tonkin,

Do.,

Administration,

27th July, 1891,

21

"

Simah Solomon,

H'kong, 19th April,

"}

21

Francisco Maria de Paula Hynd-

H'kong, 23rd April,

man,

June 1 Virginia Anna Roza do Rozario,.

H'kong, 18th May,

1892, 1892,

1892,

DO.,

9 Antoine Victor Musnier,

Paris, in France,

Do.,

Probate,

Administration,

ti

31st Oct., 1891,

10 Yip Chi alias Yip Chi Wo, 11 Augustus Frederic Thompson,

H'kong, 24th Aug., Shanghai, 9th April,

1890,

1892,

Probate, Adm. with Expl. of the Will

annexed,

William Wotton, the duly authorised attorney of George Knox Morice for the use and benefit of the said George Knox Morice and until he shall duly apply for Probate of the Will to be granted to him.........................

Ko Cho Sam, the widow, and Cheung Kau Mui, daughter-in-law of the de- ceased, for the use and benefit of Tsang Sham Un and until he shall attain the age of 21 years, Chan Tak Choy, brother and Executor,

Georges Gueyraud, Consul for France in Hongkong, as attorney for Alexandre Henckel for the use and benefit of the said Alexandre Henckel and until he shall duly apply for and obtain Letters of Administration, Official Administrator,

Do.,

Augusto José do Rozario and João Joa-

quim Leiria, executors, Guillaume de Champeaux the duly ap-

pointed attorney of Amelia Leontine Lucy Musnier, Victoria Amelia Fou- quet, Alfred Victor Musnier and Al- phonse Lion Musnier for the use and benefit of the aforesaid parties and until they shall apply for Letters of Administration to be granted to them,. Yip Fat, son and executor, Alfred Bulmer Johnson, the duly ap- pointed attorney of Andrew Burman for the use and benefit of the said Andrew Burman and until he shall duly apply for and obtain Probate of

same,

Administration, | Alexandrine Charlotte Mary Elizabeth

Cronon, the lawful widow,................. Chan Woon, the only son,.....

1,100.00

3,100.00 11,000.00

2,100.00 2,700.00

250.00

104,400.00

50,000.00 6,520.00

4,200.00

11

11 Andrew Bartholomeu Cronon,

H'kong, 24th May,

1892,

500.00

17 Chan Ming .................................

H'kong, 10th Jan.,

Francis Waldemar George von London, 30th April,

1892,

1892,

Do.,

Probate,

200.00

Sarah Mayhew von Stockhausen, the law-

ful widow,

300.00

Stockhausen,

27 Ching Ng She,

Koo Hok Village, in Heung Shan, in the Province of Kwong Tung, China,

9th Oct.,

Administration,

Ching Kwong Hung, son,.

4,000.00

1890.

27 Ip Siu Tam,

July 22 Roza Angelica Lopes,.............

Sha Kok, in the Tung Kun District, in the Empire of China, 28th March, 1886, Macao, 28th Feb., 1892,

Do.,

Ip Chow She, the lawful widow,

700.00

Do.,

Canton,

1st June, 1892,

Aug. 9 Cheung Shun Kai alias Cheung | H'kong, 31st May, 1892,

22 Mok Wai,

"

Kai,

9 Richard Woosnam,

"

"

9 Pang Yuk Man,.....

99

11 Wong Iú Ku alias Wong Ip,..............

#9

11 | Chiu Cho Shi alias Chow Yit,

Tyn-y-graig, in the County

of Brecon,

27th Nov., 1888,

Probate, Do.,

Adm. with Expl. of the Will and Codicil annexed,

José Maria de Castro Basto, the duly authorized attorney of Josepha Vi- cencía Lopes for the use and benefit of the said Josepha Vicencia Lopes and until she shall duly apply for and obtain Letters of Administration....... Mok Chong Po, son and executor, Cheung Yam Tsün, only son and executor,

James Jardine Bell-Irving, the duly ap- pointed attorney of Bowen Pottinger Woosnam, Richard Burgess Woosnam and Charles William Woosnam for the use and benefit of the aforesaid parties and until they shall duly apply for Probate of the Will and Codicil to be granted to them,..... Pang Yuk Tseung, brother, and Pang

1887,

Adm. with the Will annexed, Administration,

Ying Un, son,

Wong Ip Ki, brother,

Sept. 2 George Whymark,

""

2 Lo Choo,

2 Wong Wan Sze alias Wong

19

2

""

Wing Cheong,

Claus Sorensen,

2 Kwok Shing Ki,

2 Kwok Cheu Ki,

7 Arnaldo Guilherme Botelho,..

H'kong, 26th Feb.,

Lung Kai Village, Canton, 8th Aug., 1891, Shiu Shing Village, in the Province of Kwong Tung, China, 15th July, 1892, Southampton, in England,

3rd Feb., 1892,

Heung Shan, in the Province

of Kwong Tung, China,

18th July, 1892, Canton, 17th Jan., 1891,

Probate,

Adm. with Expl. of the Will annexed,

Adm. with the Will annexed,

Chiu Cheong, son,

William Wotton, the duly appointed at- torney of Susannah Whymark for the use and benefit of the said Susannah Whymark and until she shall duly apply for and obtain Probate of same, Lo Show, eldest son,

2,453.00 31,400.00 4,000.00

66,000.00

12,000.00

5,000.00

800.00

200.00 3,500.00

Probate,

Wong Him Mook, eldest son,

4,200.00

H'kong, 31st July,

H'kong, 4th July, 1892, Yaumati, H'kong,

16th Sept., 1884, H'kong, 2nd March, 1891, 1892,

Administration,

Official Administrator,

200.00

Do.,

Kwok Hi, son,

1,000.00

. Do.,

Kwok A-chuen, son,

1,000.00

Do.,

Antonio Alexandrino Botelho, brother,

600.00

162

CALENDAR of PROBATES and ADMINISTRATION,- Continued.

Date of

Name of Testator or Intestate.

Time and Place of Death.

Grant.

Probate Administration with Will annexed, or Administration.

Name and Description of the Executor or Administrator.

Value of

Effects as set forth in the Commis- sion of Ap- praisement.

1892.

Oct.

4 Josephine Isabel Ahern,

"

4 George Watson Coutts,

1

Between Yokohama and

H'kong, 2nd Aug., 1892, Shanghai, 1st Oct., 1890,

4 Elijah Hunt Mills Huntington,... Boston, Massachusetts, in

the United States of America,

16th April, 1891,

Probate,

Adm. with Expl. of the Will

annexed, Administration,

Catchick Paul Chater, executor,

Alexander George Wood, one of the exe-

cutors,.

Robert Gordon Shewan, the duly author- ized attorney of Elizabeth Quincy Huntington for the use and benefit of the said Elizabeth Quincy Hunt- ington and until she shall duly apply for and obtain Letters of Adminis- tration of same,........

Ho Shi, mother,

Too Kwok Shi, widow and relict,

25,000.00

180.00

11,000.00

4 Ü Lün,

19

4 Too Chung Pak,

"

10

George Thompson Hopkins,

H'kong, 28th March, 1892, Between H'kong & Canton, 25th June, 1892, H'kong, 2nd Sept., 1892,

Probate, Administration,

300.00

1,600.00

Adm. with the Will and two Codicils annexed,

Official Administrator,

9,000.00

Nov.

7 Domingas da Silva Rozario,

H'kong, 13th April,

1892,

Administration,

Maximiano Jesus dos Passos Rozario,

husband,

100.00

:

7 Frank Neep Jackson,

H'kong, 29th Nov.,

1891,

Adm. with Expl.

Robert Lang, executor,

1,100.00

of the Will annexed,

>

19 Leung Sing Lau,

Canton, 8th May,

1891, Administration,

Leung Wing On and Leung Wing Yin,

"

RAR

29 João Baptista Pereira,

F'kong, 20th July,

29 | Leong Cho Chim,.

H'kong, 14th Oct.,

1892, 1892,

Do.,

sons, Aurelina Pereira, widow,

500,00

1,100.00

Probate,

29 Chan Wai Jan...

Kowloon, H'kong,

19

29 Chan King Chi,

29. David Miller,

$9

29

Wan Tin Ku,

"

80

Cheang Yuk Cheung,.

"

30 Mok Lai Wo,

"

28th Nov., 1890, Kowloon, in the Empire of China, 11th Nov., ~ 1892, Between Hoihow & H'kong, 17th Jan., 1892, H'kong, 3rd Aug., 1889, Aplichow, in the Colony of H'kong, 27th Feb., 1892, Aplichow, in the Colony of H'kong, 24th Feb., 1890,

Administration de bonis non, Probate,

Leong Woon, son and executor, ....... Chan Fong Hin, second eldest son,..

9,000,00

Chan Fong Hin, uterine younger brother,.

600.00

Administration,

Official Administrator,

7,000.00

Do., Probate,

Wan Wong Shi, widow,.................... Cheang Chap Hi, executor,

1,500.00

300.00

Do.,

30 John Hendry,

30 John Scott McDonald,

H'kong, 3rd June,

1892, | Administration,

30 John William Lowson,

H'kong, 30th May, H'kong, 28th June,

1892,

Do.,

1892,

Do.,

Mok Po Yin, son and one of the execu- tors. Power being reserved of grant- ing the like Probate to Mok Lai Yin, the other executor named in the Will when he shall duly apply for same, Official Administrator,

Do., Do..

"

Dec.

5 Leandro Francisco Pereira,

H'kong, 14th Aug.,

1888,

Do.,

Clara Maria Pereira, sister,

600.00

100.00

100.00

200.00

250.00

Registry Supreme Court, Hongkong, 23rd March, 1893.

BRUCE SHEPHERD,

Acting Registrar.

TOTAL

NUMBER

ΤΟΤΑΙ.

NUMBER

OF

OF

CASES.

PRISON-

ERS.

Convicted

and

Punished.

Abstract of Cases under COGNIZANCE of the POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURT during the Year 1892.

CASES, HOW DISPOSED OF, and the NUMBER OF MALE AND FEMALE PRISONERS UNDER EACH HEAD,

Discharged.

Committed

for Trial at

the Supreme

Court.

Committed to Prison, or

Detained pending Orders | of H. E. the

Governor.

To keep

the

Ordered to find Security.*

Peace.

WRITS ISSUED BY THE POLICE MAGISTRATES DURING THE YEAR 1892.

Warrants.

Arrest.

Distress.

Search.

For entering: Gambling

Houses.

Magis- Orders.

trates'

TOTAL,

TOTAL

NUMBER

OF FIRE

ENQUIRY

HELD

DURING THE YEAR 1892.

M.

F. M.

F.

M. F. M.

F. M. F.

M. F.

M.

F.

11,920

14,471 | 11,771 327

1,927

151

40

4

5

10

121

13

67

7

3

*

M. F. M. F. M. F.

28

TOTAL MALES AND FEMALES,

13,969

502

2,600

102

27

130

1,374

423

4,656

10

.14,471

Consisting of Offenders not sentenced to Imprisonment.

163

164

THE CASES CONSISTED OF:-

No. of

OFFENCE.

NO. OF CASES.

PRI-

SONERS.

""

""

Animals-Cruelty to..............

Arms Consolidation Ordinance-Breach of Arson,

Assault-Accompanied with Damage to Property,

-Causing grievous bodily harm,.........................

-Common,

22

22

OFFENCE.

Brought forward,.

51

51

1

2

2

"

2

3

??

-in a Dwelling House,

-Indecent,

714 1,021

6

"

9

"

-Indecent with intent to ravish,..

""

""

11

-On Excise Officers in the execution of their duty, -On Police in the execution of their duty, and

14

28

"1

obstructing and resisting Police,

42

71

-With intent to commit felony,

""

Manslaughter,.

1)

to commit an upnatural Offence,

1

2

"

With wounding,

3

14

Larceny-from the Person,

-from the Person with violence or with wounding, -from the scene of fire,

of Vegetable productions not growing in

Gardens,.

-of Vegetables and Fruits from Gardens and

enclosed places,

Malicious Injury to Electric or Magnetic Telegraph,..

to Property,

Marine Store Dealers--Breach of Ordinance for. Markets Ordinance-Breach of..

31

-Refusing to pay Hire of ....

Breach of the Peace,

Banishment-Returning after

Births & Deaths-Breach of Ordinance for Registration of Boats-Offences as to the numbering of .....

-Refusing to accept Hire when unemployed,...

-Neglecting to take out an anchorage pass,

Bribery, or attempting to bribe,

Burglary,

Brothels-Allowing children above 6 and under 15 years

"}

11

of age to be in a registered........

-Keeping an incorrect list of inmates of regis-

tered

Cattle Diseases Ordinance-Breach of...

37

37

Menaces-Demanding Money by

15

15

Mendicancy,

5

Military Stores-Exportation of

3

Misdemeanour-Aiding and Abetting in.

4

"?

-Attempting to commit

Merchandise Marks. Ordinance-Breach of.

25

25

Murder,

1

12

15

10

No. of

No. of

CASES.

PRI-

SONERS.

4,347 | 6,535

170

188

5

NA

25

12

2

2

11

11

52

52

3

7

4

384

384

10

17

293

293

8

-Unregistered

53

Night-Found in Dwelling Houses by-with intent to

commit Felony therein,

-Noises by Watchmen, &c..

5 Nuisances-Allowing Dirt and Filth to remain on Pre-

mises or in immediate Vicinity thereof,

11

-Blasting Stones to the danger of Persons

and Property,

20

20

&*

290

1

2

""

-Blowing Whistles,

10.

Child Stealing,

12

24

*1

-Boarding Ships, without permission,

124

ཨསྶ

ཨཊྛསྶ

2

10

124

Chinese Territory-Crimes and Offences committed in

7

Coin-Offences relating to.

25

25

Conspiracy to rob,

1

to defraud,

Contempt of Court,

Cutting and Wounding with intent to do grievous bodily

harm,

29

38

Convict Licence-Breach of

1

Crown Land-Building or residing &c. on, not being

under lease,

71

71

Dangerous Goods Ordinance-Breach of...

90

90

11

Hongkong Police,.

British Merchant Ships,

ance,

Decoying-Women or girls into ar away from the Colony, Desertion from Foreign Ships,

Disorderly Behaviour-Fighting and creating a disturb-

Dogs-Allowing unmuzzled ferocious, to be at large, &c., Domestic Servants-Misconduct as

5

13

13

ATL82 18 ONGÕL

+1

-Boats mooring inshore, between the hours of 9 o'clock at night and gunfire in the morning,

106

106

"

-Carrying or exposing Night Soil or Noxious Waters in the Streets in uncovered Buc- kets, and in open Boats along the Praya,... -Creaking wheels,

3

1

13

3

1

-Hanging wet Clothes, &c., to dry over

Public Ways,......

26

""

22

-Keeping Pigs, &c., without a Licence... -Neglecting to clean out Dust Bins, and

7

throwing Rubbish, &c., into the Streets,

74

"

>>

-Obeying Calls of Nature in the Streets,

-Obstructing Fairways,...

77

72

""

550 1,038

9

-Obstruction of Wharves by Boat People,.. -Receiving passengers from a prohibited

Wharf,

-Regulations-Breach of.

16

7222 -8

26

7

74

77

16

3

10 00

LO CO

3

21

21

Drugs-Administering

2

-Rough Dressing, &c., of Granite in or near

a Public place,

1

1

Drunkenness,

75

75

-Throwing Rubbish into the Harbour or on

Decoying-Men or boys into or away from the Colony, or imprisoning or detaining them for the

the Beach,

35

35

purpose of emigration or for any purpose

Obstruction of Roads and Streets, &c., by Hawkers, Chair Coolies and Shopkeepers,

whatsoever,

23

27

Desertion-Assisting Royal Marine in...

Disorderly Behaviour-While Drunk,

136

136

""

Embezzlement,

6

Embracery,

3

6

""

Escape of Prisoners from Gaol,

I

9:

or attempting to escape from Custody

of Police,

3

"}

Imprisonment,

Extortion or attempting to extort under colour of office,... False Charge-Preferring-or giving wilful false evidence,

Pretences-obtaining Goods and Money by.......... Falsification of Accounts,

7

3172

Licence,

38

44

19

1

Felony-Attempting to commit

20

20

19

""

-Aiding and abetting in

2

Offensive Weapons-Having Possession of

Opium Ordinance-Breach of Prepared

Ordinance-Breach of Raw..

Passage--Obtaining surreptitiously a

-Found on board a Passenger Ship with intent

to obtain a

Passengers-Carrying in Excess of that allowed by

Passes-Chinese out at Night without.

Pawnbrokers-Breach of Ordinance for

Police-Assuming Name, Designation, &c., of Constable of

-Handing Opium, &c., to persons while in custody

of...

-Negligently allowing a prisoner to escape,...

Police Constables-Misconduct as

1,619 | 1,619

11

11

893 1,108

62

66

34

34

1

1

13

13

78

78

cod d

1

1

Fire Works-Discharging without permits,

236

236

Quarantine Regulations-Breach of

Forging a receipt for money with intent to defraud,.

1

1

Rape.........

Forged Instrument-Obtaining goods &c., by

5

5

Receiving Stolen Goods,

Bank Notes-Having possession of

2

Recognisances-Breach of

28

41

41

41

Furious Driving,

23

23

Roads and Streets-Injury to

Forcible keeping a person with intent to procure a benefit

for his liberation,

Robbery From the Person,...

2

4

"

Fugitive Offenders-Offences against

1

1

Gambling Ordinance-Breach of.

6711,837

Gaols-Breach of Ordinance for.

5

5

-From the Person with Wounding or with

Violence,

-On the Highways with Arms or with Violence, Rogues & Vagabonds-Gambling in the Street,

Gaol's Subordinate Officers-Misconduct as

1

1

Harbour-Dredging at Anchorage for Ships of War in the

Regulations--Breach of ..............

28

28

""

??

37

37

Hawker's Licence Board-Neglecting to exhibit in a

conspicuous place.....

**

"

House Breaking,.

741

7

-As suspicious Characters, -Exposing for sale indecent Pic-

tures,

85

85

1

1

-Wandering abroad and lodging

in the open air,

17

17

5

5

14

14

05 6 6 18

Householders-Breach of Ordinance for Registration of Indecent Exposure of Person by Bathing or otherwise,

and Lewdness,..

Junk-Neglecting to furnish particulars respecting cargo, Larceny-as Servant,

35

-Common,

-from Ships or Boats in the Harbour,

Carried forward,.......

4 Ships, &c.-Leaving Harbour without a Clearance...

-Leaving Anchorage during prohibited hours, -Neglecting to deposit at the Harbour Office a list of passengers within 24 hours after arrival,

1

""

>>

7

7

1

1

""

1,102 1,219

"

12 14

-Neglecting to have a riding light on board,.. -Not having certificated Master,

Shooting with intent to do Grievous Bodily Harm,

4,347 6,535

Carried forward,..........

1

171

171

1

3

9,015 11,478

2

CASES,-Continued.

165

OFFENCE.

Brought forward,

Spirit Licences Ordinance-Breach of...... Spirituous Liquors-Sale on board Ship,..

Stones and other Missiles-Discharging to Danger of

Persons and Property,

Streams-Defiling,

Streets-Noises by Hawkers,

Stolen Property-Taking a Reward for helping to the recovery of-without bringing the Offender to trial,

No. of CASES.

No. of

PRI- SONERS.

OFFENCE.

No. of

No. of PRI-

CASES. SONERS.

9,015 11,478

Brought forward,.....

9,992 12,519

9

9 Unlicensed-Auctioneer,

1

-Cargo Boats,

7

7

-Hawkers,

1,346 1,346

""

1

-Junks,

6

6

22

41

27

22

-Coffee Shop,

1

1

41

-Plying of Boats for Hire,

197

197

""

-Seamen's Boarding Houses,

3

3

"1

"

Small-Pox-Neglecting to report a Case of...

Suicide-Attempting to commit

13

13

-Using of Sand Boats,.... -Using of Boats as Dwelling Houses, 1 Unwholesome Provisions-Exposing

ing into the Colony

3

3

21

21

for Sale, or bring-

26

26

Trees, &c.-Cutting and destroying,. Trespass on Crown Land,.

123

325

123 Vehicles-Offences against Public 325 Vaccination Ordinance-Breach of

209

209

1

Tramways Ordinance-Breach of Unlawful Possession of Property,

382

"

of Trees, Shrubs, &c.,....................

49

3 Vagrancy Ordinance-Breach of 146 Watchmen-Misconduct as Fire Brigade.

49 Weights and Measures-Breach of Ordinance for

Women and Girls Protection Ordinance-Breach of

33

33

2

2

34

34

38

62

Carried forward..............

9,992 12,519

TOTAL,........

11,920 14,471

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Police Magistrate.

Magistracy, Hongkong, 17th January, 1893.

ABSTRACT of CASES brought under COGNIZANCE at the POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURT during a period of Ten Years, from 1st January, 1883, to 31st December, 1892, inclusive.

CASES, HOW DISPOSED OF, AND THE NUMBER OF MALE AND FEMALE PRISONERS UNDER EACH HEAD.

Committed to Prison or detained pending Orders of His Excellency

To keep the Peace,

TOTAL NUMBER

YEARS

OF CASES.

Convicted and Punished.

Discharged.

Committed for Trial at Supreme Court.

Ordered to find Security.

Punished for

Preferring

Total

False Charge Undecided.

Number

the Governor.

to be of Good Beha- viour, and to answer

any Charge.

or giving False Testimony.

of

Defendants.

2

3

5

6

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M. F.

M. F.

M.

F.

1883,

10,653

8,127 670

2,398

349

121

1884,

14,065 11,748 1,088

2,294 268

101

1885,

10,281

7,951 849

2,188 258

159

1886,

14,611 | 12,081 842 2,198 190

157

1887,.

12,015 10,354 325 2,620 159

158

00

8

· 37

1

154

62

Co

6

160

11

11,003 1,101

N

35

3

228

53

Co

6

2

105

2

14,517 1,418

11

3

357

99

6

18

10,690 | 1,211

~

10

5

869

100

32

3

168

15,510 | 1,137

28

4

411

52

14

48

13,633 549

Total,...... 61,625 50,261 3,774 | 11,698 1,224

696

23

116

11

2,019

366

64

5 499

13

t

65,353 5,416

Average per

Year,

|12,325-0 |10,052 2754 82,339 6244.8

139.2

4.6 23.2

2.2

403.8

732

12.8

1.0 99.8

2.6

13,070 6 (1,083.2

1888,

11,647 9,700 232 2,704 145

168

6

.1889,

8,670 6,626 268 2,319

178

157

10

888

98

11

177

15

3

48

2

12,898 411

44

10

303

34

17

64

8

9,530 503

1890,

9,739 7,423 317 2,406

151

102

115

259

59

3

35

2 10,243 529

1891,

13,676❘ 13,438 534 1,906

134

40

12

153

19

1

143

15,693 689

1892,.

11,920 11,771 327 1,927 151

40

4

10

191

20

7

28

13,969 502

Total,...... 55,652 48,958 1,678 | 11,262

759

507 20 174

21

1,083

147

31

318

Co

62,333 2,634

Average per

Year,

11,130-49,791.6 335-6 | 2,252-4151-8

101.4 4.0

34.8

4.2

216.6

29 4

6.2

63.6

18. 12,466.6 | 526·8

Grand Total 117,277 99,2195,152 22,960 1,983

for 10 Years,

1,203 43 290

32

3,102

513

95

5

817

22

127,686 8,050

Year,

Average per 11,727-79,921.9 545-2 2,296.0 198.3

120-3

4.3 29.0

3.2

310.2

51:3

Magistracy, Hongkong, 17th January, 1893.

9.5

125

30

5.0 81.7

2-2

12,768 6805.0

H. E. WODEhouse, Police Magistrate.

166

NATIONALITY.

3

MAGISTERIAL ENQUIRIES INTO DEATHS.

TABLE A.-RETURN OF ALL DEATHS REPORTED DURING THE YEAR 1892.

Europeans and Americans,

Indians and Malays,.....

Japanese,

Chinese,..

Formal Enquiries held.

Buried without Formal Enquiries.

Men. Women. Boys. Girls. Total. Men. Women. Boys. Girls.

Very much decomposed; sex not ascertainable.

9

3

1

32

#

6

Total.

9

13

3

1

cr:

5

47

2-2

1

14

1

:::

1

73

14

117

82

10

296

Total,

45

4

6

Co

5

10

60

87

14

118

82

10

311

Total for 1891,

48

5

2

4

59

126

13

103

79

I-

7

328

TABLE B.-RETURN OF FORMAL ENQUIRIES DURING THE YEAR 1892.

FINDING.

Indians and Malays.

Chinese.

167

Tota

Men.

Men.

Men. Men. Women. Boys.

Girls.

77

2

2

11

1

1

1

1

1

3.

2

6

1

:

1

1

-:

1

::

1

1

:

: :

1

1

1

...

...

4

...

:

:

:.

:

:..

1

:

1

::

:.

:

1

1

1

...

1

4:

:~:

2

1

1

1

1

...

F:

:

:

:

1

1

1

1

:

:

:.

:

:

1

1

Accidental death,

Do.,

and woman cautioned to have the bar put

across the window,...............

Accidental death by burning,

Accidental death from injuries received by fire,...................

Accidentally drowned, .....

Cause of death haemorrhage from rupture of the spleen, Cause of death haemorrhage resulting from self-inflicted wounds, Cause of death haemorrhage resulting from rupture of left formal

artery. RIDER:-That some prevention should be taken to prevent the Chinese from wandering over the rifle ranges during practice or approaching skirmishing parties, Cause of death failure of heart due to disease, Death by drowning consequent upon the capsizing of the boat in which the deceased was, the said boat coming into collision with the S.S. Pauting when attempting to cross her bows at the time that the said steamer was going dead slow and making for her buoy in Hongkong Harbour, Death from natural causes,

Death from hemorrhage resulting from rupture of the spleen.... Death from a dose of carbolic acid self-administered, Death from narcotic poisoning,...

Death from injuries consequent upon a fall from a bridge on

Kennedy Road,

Death from rupture of the intestine occasioned by injuries sustained in a fall while attempting to escape from the Police who were at the time executing a warrant on a suspected gambling house,

Death from poisoning but whether administered each to each or by one to the other there is no sufficient evidence to show, Death from syncope occasioned by a fall into the water from a

height of about fifty feet,

Death from peritonitis occurring from natural causes, Death from hanging,

Death from opium poisoning self-administered,

Death from pneumonia resulting from self-inflicted wounds in

the throat,

Death from a fall while attempting to escape from the Police

who had entered the house on a gambling warrant, Death from syncope incurred while bathing off Hung Hom

Dock in Victoria Harbour,

Death from injuries received from a blow from a stone pro-

jected from a rock during blasting,

Death occasioned from injuries received from the falling of a party wall upon No. 8, Fuk On Lane, thereby causing it to collapse and its ruins to fall upon the deceased. The falling of the party wall occasioned by the pressure of earth against it, such earth having been piled against it in order to make an approach to a new house in course of erection belonging to a woman named Chung Shi,.......... Death resulted from acute moist gangrene occasioned by injuries received from a fall while endeavouring to escape from lawful custody, .... Death resulted from injuries sustained by the plough steel rope coming against the deceased through a mistake of the pointsman at the time in charge of the points,... Death resulted from injuries received from falling into the

hold of the J. D. Bischoff,

Death resulted from injuries received from a blow on the temple supposed to have been inflicted by a man named Tsoi Yin alias Mak Yau,

Deceased died from the effects of a bullet wound self-inflicted, Found drowned,...

......

Found dead in the Harbour of Victoria floating in the water, That the deceased died from the effects of wounds inflicted by

some person or persons unknown,

That the deceased died while in Victoria Gaol on a remand warrant, such death being occasioned by asphyxia caused by the act of the deceased in hanging himself,

The deceased died from the effects of a bullet wound self-

inflicted during a temporary aberration of reasons,.

Wilful murder against person or persons unknown,

Total,.........

:

:

:

:

...

:

:

1

1

:

:

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

:

:

:

:

:

1

:

:.

9

1

:

:

:

:.

1

:21

:

3

లు

1

1

I

1

I

1

1

3

1

:

1

:

:

:

:.

1

2

4

1

4

6

5

60

1

32

122

38

TABLE C.-RETURN OF BURIALS WITHOUT FORMAL ENQUIRIES DURING THE YEAR 1892.

Reason why no Formal Enquiry was held.

› suspicious circumstances...

› evidence and/or decomposed state ofĮ

Body,

1st Mortem satisfactory,

Europeans

& Americans.

Men. Boys. Men.

Women.

Chinese.

Japanese.

Very much

de- composed;

Found on

Land.

Found on

Harbour.

Total.

Boys. Girls.

Men,

sex not ascertain- able.

3393

Known.

Un-

known.

Knowl.

Un-

known.

10

1 60

11

12

2

97

€3

13

15

1

105

80

10

201

164

1

36

...

3

00

8

2

13

:

:

:

:

10

0

Total,..

13

1

73

14 117

Magistracy, 10th January, 1893.

}

:

122

$2

1

10

311

73

178

16

44

H. E. WODehouse,

Police Magistrate.

1

75

No.

3

93

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS FOR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 25th January, 1893.

No. 5.

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, HONGKONG, 20th January, 1893.

SIR,—I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Government Central School for Girls for the year 1892.

2. I entirely concur with the observations of the Headmistress, Mrs. BATEMAN, to whose patient industry and wise discretion the success so far obtained is largely due. The Annual Examination has shewn satisfactory results as stated in the enclosed report. Good progress has been made in both the English and Chinese classes, and the moral tone of the whole School has been considerably raised.

3. The School is in urgent need of enlarged accommodation and a corresponding increase in the staff, but, I am afraid, both these wants will have to remain unsatisfied until the close of the present year when the building, now in course of construction at the expense of the Honourable E. R. BELILIOS, will become available.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary, &c., &c.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

E. J. EITEL, Ph. D., Inspector of Schools.

GOVERNMENT CENTRAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, HONGKONG, 20th January, 1893.

SIR, I have the honour to forward the Third Annual Report of the Government Central School for Girls.

At the close of the year 1892, there were 93 children in regular attendance. The present building is too small to accommodate more children without positive over-crowding. Teachers and scholars alike are therefore eagerly anticipating the comfort and advantages they will derive in the near future from the commodious and handsome new building now so rapidly nearing completion.

As many as 139 children have been entered on the Register during the year and attended for some time. Some, however, remained in the School but a short period. This is chiefly owing to the fluctuating character of that portion of the population of Hongkong for which this School is specially intended. The attendance of those whose parents remain in the Colony has been most regular, and their diligence very satisfactory. The School is periodically visited and annually examined by the Inspector of Schools, and the results of the examination have been pronounced satisfactory, particularly in English Grammar, Composition, Arithmetic and History. The Chinese classes, attendance at which is optional, have been appreciated by the parents, but it is difficult to find suitable teachers for girls. The needlework classes, for both English and Chinese work, have been well attended and special tuition has been secured for Chinese embroidery for which there is great demand.

It is evident that the School has made some progress in its several divisions, and particularly in the infant department. Judging from the fact that all classes of the community are now represented among the scholars and that the attendance is on a level with the capabilities of our accommodation and staff, I am satisfied that the School is popularly appreciated as answering a public want. Nevertheless I feel that the development of the School has been somewhat interfered with by various difficulties it encountered during the year. There have been several changes in the teaching staff. In April Mrs. LEONG, Assistant Mistress of the Lower School and MILLY LEONG pupil teacher of the same, resigned their positions. These vacancies were most ably filled by Mrs. DAVIS and LIZZIE TURNER respectively. In December, greatly to my regret, Mrs. DAVIS also resigned in order to accept an appointment in Singapore which had been offered to her and which, she felt, gave her a wider sphere of usefulness. Mrs. TUTCHER, a Certificated Infant Mistress, has been appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mrs. DAVIS. Similar changes have occurred also in the Chinese department of the School. The progress and expansion of the Institution has naturally been impeded by these

I have the honour to be,

fluctuations in the Staff and in the attendance of the School.

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary, &c., &c.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

*

E. A. BATEMAN,

Headmistress.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE HEAD MASTER OF THE VICTORIA COLLEGE FOR 1892.

101

No.

8

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 8th March, 1893.

93

No. 17.

VICTORIA COLLEGE, HONGKONG, 8th February, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the Annual Report on Victoria College for the year 1892.

1. The total number on the College Roll for the year was 1,062; the greatest number present on one day being 852, (as opposed to 905 in 1891). In spite of this decrease, the attendance continues to be far in excess of the 700 estimated by the late Dr. STEWART in 1881, and of the 770 estimated by myself in 1887 as the probable accommodation required in the new building. The number of school days, 237, shows a gain of a week on last year's statistics, and is the highest figure reached

since 1885.

2. The following tables will illustrate the condition of the College during the last five years :--

YEAR.

Average

Total Number of Scholars.

Number of

Monthly Enrolment.

School days.

Daily Attendance.

Maximum.

Minimum.

L

1888, 1889,

1890, 1891, 1892,

1888,

1889,

1890, 1891,

1892,

634

229

536

384

467

919

233

789

466

597

1,075

236

890

683

758

1,108

231

932

712

759

1,062

237

862

700

728

Average

Number

YEAR.

of School Boys Examined.

Percentage

School

Actual Nett

of

Fees.

Expenditure.

Passes.

$

$

Expense of each

Scholar per Average Daily Attendance.

445

94.15

6,899.00

12,384.14

26.48

676

95.41

9,338.00

15,018.20

25.11

692

89.45

11,912.50

19,222.46

25.34

709

90.26

12,257.77

18,158.60

23.92

671

96.12

12,342.00

19,741.43

27.09

3. Attendance.-As my remarks on this head last year were misunderstood, as relating quite a new experience, I must explain that, though I first drew attention to this point last year, the short school-life of too many of our scholars has always been a matter of regret. Take for example, at random, the year 1885; out of a total number of 596, there were 205 admissions and 210 departures, ie., roughly speaking, one-third of the scholars was changed, precisely as was the case last year. The natural consequence is that at the end of the year we can only present for examination the remaining two-thirds; which has been the average for the last ten years, as a glance at the figures in paragraph 2 of my Reports will testify. Few boys stay more than a year in the highest class, while owing to the higher education now given in the Second and Third Classes, many boys are able to obtain situations without entering the First Class at all.

4. EDUCATIONAL EMULATION.--Five years ago I uttered a note of warning on this subject. (Gazette, 1888, p. 159., par. 11.). A certain amount of emulation amongst scholars may be healthful, but emulation among masters (even in the same school) is prejudicial to the interests of education. Sympathy and affectionate interest are the mainspring of true education. Schoolmasters are but human; if the results of competitions are the only test of success in education, it cannot but be that the quiet judicious training of each boy will, in the excitement of contest, be sacrificed to the working np of a machine to the highest point of tension. No two schools in the Colony work under the same conditions; I would go further and say that no two years does the same school find itself in a precisely

102

similar situation as to advantages or hindrances. The greater success of one year does not transform the more average attainments of succeeding years into failure. This being so, all comparisons between schools should be avoided on principle. Every school in the Colony is doubtless doing its best to further education, and no man or institution can do more. Let it be granted that all the schools stand upon this common platform of excellence and no particular school on a solitary pinnacle. The successes of one school may one year appear to suggest that it is absolutely the best, but this hasty judgment is checked by the above consideration of varying conditions. During the last few years there has been some indication of a decrease of harmony among the various schools of this Colony. This is not due to the introduction of the Government Scholarship, Local Examinations, Belilios Medals, &c., but to the unwise application of the results of these as a criterion whereby the system of each school, the energy and ability of each master, is to be adjudged as above or below the standard of competency. The only sense in which a school should admit fighting to be a duty incumbent upon it, is that every school is a company belonging to the vast army that battles all over the world against ignorance and crime. If the great victory is to be achieved it will surely not be by means of petty jealousies and internecine conflicts among the various regiments of the army.

the various regiments of the army. Let them fight side by side and not turn their swords against each other.

5. EDUCATIONAL THEORIES.--It is a trite and true saying that an ounce of practice is worth a ton of theory. Left in charge of a nephew and niece of tender years, the profound philosopher HERBERT SPENCER found his theory of education impracticable even for a few hours. The chief error of theorists on education would appear to be relegating to the schoolmaster the influence of parents, and the duty of developing the infantile mind which was assigned by nature to the mother. As regards Victoria College its singular conditions require a system of its own. With boys of 14 to 20 years of age at admission, who only stay in school from four to six years, the Head Master is unable to adopt ready made theories of FROEBEL, RAUB or other celebrated educationists, whose systems postulate a curriculum of 10 to 15 years and a commencement of school-life about the age of seven.

6. COST OF BUILDING.-Neither Dr. STEWART nor myself is responsible for the excessive outlay in the erection of this College. We were both advocates for a plain commodious building. Such items as $10,000 for a lead roof and $7,000 for monolith pillars formed no part of our conception of neces- sities for a school-building. It should also not be forgotten that the estimated value (at least $80,000 in 1888) of the old Central School should be deducted from the gross cost of the new building, as it was always understood that on the evacuation of the Central School the site was to be sold to partially cover the cost of its substitute.

7. COST OF ESTABLISHMENT.-A rate of per cent. on the house rental of the Colony would defray the expenses of Victoria College, whereas a Board School rate of 5 per cent. is very common in England, which is additional to the grant-in-aid paid out of the taxes. It is sometimes urged that Victoria College is chiefly for the benefit of the Chinese and that its maintenance falls heavily on the ratepayers of Hongkong. In the first place per cent. is not a heavy rate, and secondly the argument overlooks the large preponderance of Chinese ratepayers in the Colony. As one-ninth of the scholars are non- Chinese it would appear that the cost of maintenance is pretty equitably distributed among the rate- payers; for though Europeans possess one-third of the rateable property in the Colony a large portion of this European property is occupied by Chinese who are the real ratepayers, their European landlords of course recovering all rates from their tenants.

8. COST OF SCHOOL MATERIAL.-The charge of fees during the holiday months of February and August was specially made in 1884 to cover this expense, and has ever since amply effected its object, with a balance in favour of the Treasury.

9. STAFF. The number of masters, English and Chinese, now on the staff was recommended by me in a special report to the Government in 1887, and approved as absolutely necessary by a Commission consisting of Dr. STEWART, Dr. EITEL, and myself. During the past year Messrs. BOOTH and BOARDS returned to England at the end of their three years' agreement; and Messrs. MACHELL and Watts were appointed provisionally as their successors. Mr. MACHELL is an enthusiast in matters connected with education, and labours in and out of school hours for the good of his boys and the prestige of the College. Mr. DEALY was absent on leave throughout the year.

10. NON-CHINESE BOYS.-I have long observed that non-Chinese boys have suffered great disadvantage in being placed in large classes of Chinese boys, generally five years or more older than themselves. They felt disheartened by their inability to cope on equal terms with their seniors, and being in a small minority were, in spite of the best intention of their masters, liable to be overlooked. In the Central School their numbers did not justify me in forming special classes for their behoof. At the opening of this school-year, however, I formed two sections, Classes I. C and III. C, composed entirely of boys not in Chinese dress, and the benefits accruing from this arrangement are already evident.

11. COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH.-Three years ago in my report (Gazette, 1890, p. 426, par. 8) I pointed out that the great need in the College was some stimulus without which boys, who are only day-scholars and never speak a word of English out of school-hours, cannot be expected to acquire the art of speak ing

>

103

A

English. On my arrival, in 1882, I found the subject, colloquial English, set down on the time table for one hour a week on Saturdays. I looked forward to it with interest, but discovered that even in the able hands of Mr. FALCONER the so-called conversation was a lecture, occasionally varied by the interjection on the part of the pupils of affirmative or negative monosyllables. When the Time Table was remodelled this hour was allotted to other subjects, as the object intended did not appear to be attained. This year, however, I hope I have discovered the needed stimulus both for scholar and master, in making colloquial English a subject of examination for prize purposes. When a boy finds himself, say fifth, in a class where but for loss of marks in conversation he would have been first, there can be no doubt that all ambitious boys will awake to the necessity of speaking English. The sixth class is the lowest in which boys can attempt making spoken English sentences; here then we begin, and each boy is required after reading a passage to reply to questions and suggestions upon what he has been reading. This custom, previously in vogue as an exercise of intelligence, is now definitely employed as a channel for leading to conversation. High marks are only given where rarer intelligence is displayed in the form and nature of the replies. In the higher classes the questions roam widely over any field within the range of thought of the scholars. As evidence of the thoroughness of the examination it is well to state that ten days are absorbed in assigning marks to this subject jointly with Reading.

12. CHINESE EXAMINATIONS.-Chinese essay-writing may be compared to Latin or Greek verse at English schools. Neither of them is in itself of real service in daily after-life, the exercise is mecha- nical, and the pupils who develop talent over it are few; it still remains a test of scholarship and of knowledge of rules of composition, and as such is considered part of a gentleman's training. There would, however, appear to be no searching test of the bulk of the work done in the year. I therefore enquired of my Chinese assistants whether there were nothing in Chinese examinations corresponding to a literature or Shakespeare paper, at the local examinations. The result of my enquiry has been the introduction of a few test questions (King Ku) on the classical Chinese which they have read

in the course of the year, but which has hitherto remained untested.

13. DISCIPLINE.---The discipline in English school continues exemplary; the cane is but rarely requisitioned, and that chiefly in the Preparatory school, where newcomers are unaccustomed to laws of sudordination. The cheerful happy spirit that pervades the classrooms is made subject of congra- tulation by every casual visitor. In Chinese school, too, the maintenance of discipline seems to have as nearly reached perfection as can be expected. Any old master, who can with me remember the old days at the Central School, when an audible "hush," often initiated by the Chinese master, announced the approach of the English master in charge suddenly checking the murmur of conversation and laughter in the classroom, would be astonished at the decorum and orderliness now prevalent, whenever a surprise visit is made.

14. COMMERCIAL EDUCATION.-Victoria College has not ignored the modern tendency in this direction. For three years Bookkeeping, with lessons on commercial phraseology, has formed a part of the annual work, in addition to commercial arithmetic (discount, interest, exchange, shares, &c.) which has never been neglected. Last March over 120 boys were attending lessons in bookkeeping, and last July a Chinese boy from this College was one of the few, out of all England, that passed in this subject at the Oxford Local Senior Examinations. As regards Shorthand, I am opposed to its introduction simply on the ground that the phonetic principle involved would cause irreparable confusion in the minds of boys to whom the eccentricities of English spelling are still a sufficient difficulty. Typewriting can from the nature of the case never become a class subject.

15. OXFORD LOCAL EXAMINATIONS.-Six out of the eight candidates from this College passed last July. As the three Chinese candidates all passed, I hope that larger numbers will offer in the future; the chief hindrance is the entrance fee, $7.50, which is a serious consideration to most of our aspirants.

16. RECREATION.--A considerable improvement is noticeable in the drill this year. Understanding the great interest His Excellency the Governor takes in this matter, the senior boys (or rather men) have to some extent overcome their national prejudice to physical exercise, which they view as undig- nified. The juniors have, however, taken to it con amore; and in two or three years' time, drill may be expected to have become universally popular throughout the College. Through Mr. MACHELL'S energy the former spasmodic efforts at cricket and football have been systematised. Mr. BARLOW organised some excursions by land and water, including a visit to the City Hall Museum. The advantages derived by this lively interest in scholars out of school-hours cannot be over-estimated, both for its effect on developing intelligence, and for its moral influence.

17. ANNUAL EXAMINATION.--In accordance with the suggestion of the Inspector of Schools in his report of last year, his annual inspection of the College has been transferred to the month of July. The annual examination, thus left under the sole control of the Head Master, has been conducted strictly on the same lines as in the past ten years. Half marks constitute a pass in any single subject; a class pass consists of passing in at least half the subjects offered by the class. The number of class subjects thus offered is as follows :-Preparatory School, six; Lower School, ten; Upper School,

104

fourteen.

A boy must pass in three, five, and seven subjects respectively to secure a pass, which is by no means a lenient requirement. It must be understood that a considerable proportion pass in every subject offered, while minimum passes are very rare. The total number present for examination was 671, of whom 645, or 96 per cent., passed, which is the highest percentage since 1887. The three sections of the College are thus represented :--

Upper School 179 boys examined,

294

29

Lower Preparatory 198

>>

90% passed

97%

.........100%

19

22

As the corresponding passes last year were respectively 92, 84, and 99, it will be seen at once that the great gain is in the Lower School. Nor is this to be wondered at, the failure of 30 boys last

year in the three sections of Class V. has now been succeeded by the remarkably good result of only three failures. I attribute the great improvement this year to the fact that masters have devoted more direct attention to the weaker portions of their classes, the necessity of this having been emphasised by last year's results.

years.

The whole staff, English and Chinese, deserves the greatest credit for the excellent work presented.

To particularise, the work of the Preparatory School has maintained the high level of previous As just stated, the success of the Lower School has entirely removed the disgrace of last year's failure in Class V.; each class has done excellently, but Classes IVA, IVB, and Vв are conspicuous above the rest, for high tone of work as well as high percentages. In the Upper School IA, IĨA, and IIIA have sustained the excellent reputation of last year; IIIB has done as well as its material (the lowest boys promoted from Class IV) will admit of; Ic, and IIIc, the new classes of non-Chinese boys, have had great difficulties to contend with, and the upper sections have done very well, while the half dozen boys at the head of Ic have distinguished themselves by thoughtful papers and neat work; the lower sections of these classes and IB appear, however, to have suffered from an attempt to drag them up to the level of their seniors, which has resulted in an inability to cope with even easy questions.

18. The usual tables of number of boys examined and passed in each subject, also of percentages of passes, are here subjoined; the bottom line of figures on Table II. gives the total result of last year, making the advance of this year very observable.

TABLE I.-NUMBER OF BOYS PASSED IN EACH SUBJECT, 1892.

CLASS.

Total No. Examined.

Total No. Passed.

Reading.

Arithmetic.

Dictation.

English to Chinese.

Chinese to English.

Grammar.

Colloquial,

Geography.

Map Drawing.

I.A., I.B.,

10

18

O∞

9

10 6 8 9

I.C.,

II.,

III.A.,

40

III.B.,

16 17 7 15 25 19 24 8 17 39 38 39 26 28 35 38 40 33 36 39 21-19 20 8 18 21

97

8 10 10

10 3

9

8

18 17 8 16 11

17

1 15

15

III.C.,

26 22

26 18 22

10 23 13 38 35 37 26 33 26 34 31 18 12 12 13 5 20 21

20 18 12 16 13

38 35 35 31 40 35 26 32 20 12 12 20

Co

Algebra.

Euclid.

History.

Latin.

General Intelligence.

:: Book-keeping.

Shakespeare.

9

8

8

17

17

14

27

22

24

20 14

...

...

...

IV.A.,

39 39

39 34 33 36

39

30 27 33 37

37

...

...

...

IV.B.,

24 24 23

IV.C.,

30 29

V.A.,

28 42 40 41 37 28

21 20 24 22 27

24

20 22 21 23 22

28

29

22 23 25

38

37

32 16 36 39

V.B.,

27 27 27 25 22

25

26 27 18 25

V.C.,

VI.A.,

VI.B.,

VI.C.,

VII.A.,

VII.B.,

VII.C.,

43 43 40

29 28 29 25 26

28 45 43 42 34 28 37 42 34 27 44 25 24 24 18 23 24 23 18 33 32 32 28 29 33 33 29 35 35 35

33 33 33 32 35 26 26

26

25 23 23 26 26 40

27

24 26 26

27 32

VIII.A.,

49

49

48

39 33

37 39 49 44 38

46

Writing. N

21 22 23

49

*******~::::

...

30 30

...

36

...

...

24 24

23 27

...

43

32

Trigonometry,

Drawing,-

...

Model, .......17

17

Chemistry,.....

9

8

3

2

SPECIAL SUBJECTS.

Exd. Passed.

Free-hand, ...42 35

VIII.B.,

35

35 35 35 35 35

30

VIII.C.,

10 10 10 10 10 10

8

34 10

Total,.......

671 645| 655 541 | 558 | 573| 575|440 || 359 389 | 274 345|104|109|142|27|

:: 8

61

47 30

Examined in each Subject,

...

671 671 671|671620|620 | 577 | 473 | 473|294|370|153153179) 51

92

67 53

1,

2,

3,

TABLE II.—PERCENTAGE OF PASSES IN EACH SUBJECT, 1892.

105

Class.

I.A.,

10

90100

60

80

90

90

80100100

I.B.,

18

89

94 39 83 100

94 44 89

I.C.,

25

76

96 32 68

40

92

II.,

39

97 100 67 72 90.

97

90

III.A.,

40

95 100 82 90 97 82 65

III.B.,

21 90 95

38

86 100

86

57 57

III.C.,

26 85 100

69

85

19 77 81

IV.A.,

39 100 100

88

85

92100

77 70 85 95

IV.B.,

24. 100 96

87

83 100 100

83

92

Total No. Examined.

Total per Cent. Passed.

Arithmetic.

888 Reading.

Dictation.

Translation to Chinese.

3 Translation to English.

Grammar.

Colloquial.

Geography.

Map Drawing.

Composition.

Algebra.

::: 888 Euclid.

...

...

...

...

...

77

54

::

...

8482

90

80 90

44 94 39

52 68

79 56

...

History.

Latin.

General Intelligence.

Book-keeping.

Shakespeare.

100

30

90

80

61

94 5 83

83

52

80 72

48

64

67

97

90

90 80

717

100

87

80

...

62

95

57

95

92

95

...

87 96

92

IV.C.,

30 97 93

73

90 93 97

73

77

83

100 100

...

...

V.A.,

42

95 98

88

66

90

88 76

38

86 93 86

...

V.B.,

27 100 100

92

81

92

96 100

67

92

89

89

...

...

...

V.C.,

29 96 100 86

90

93

96 83

90

90

79

93

...

VI.A.,

VI.B.,

VI.C.,

VII.A.,...........

VII.B.,.......

45 95 93 25 96 96 72 33 97 97 85 35100 100.94 26 100 100 96

75

62 82

93 75

66

98 95

...

...

92 96 92 88 100 100 88 94 94 91 100

72

84 88 92

...

...

***

82

97

97

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

89

VII.C.......

43 100 93 91

77

89 100 100 93 86 91

VIII.A.,

VIII.B.,

VIII.C.,

49 100 98 100 90 7. 94 35 | 100 | 100 100 100 100 86 10 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100

80

1892,

671

1891,

709

95

96

98

90

88333

81 83 92 93 76 76 94 82 75. 81 84 71

8888

100 97 100

...

...

...

82

93 93

75 71 72

: : : : : : 8 5

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

68

71

80 53

66 70

86

71

77

40

64 72

བ།:

...

4,.

5,

6,......

TABLE III-CHINESE EXAMINATION, 1892.

CHINESE SCHOOL. Percentage Table of Passes.

Total No.

Class.

Examined.

Essay.

Letter.

King-ku.

Prosody.

Tui-tui.

Total Percentage Passed.

* 5 5 8 7 8

58

91

57

88

67

91

52

81

57

91

53

81

53

75

63

70

7,

8,

Total,........

460

a y a 2 2 2 2 8

88

64

60

77

90

72

63

35

58

80

78

31

40

53

79

52

44

23

81

73

61

51

70

38

72

37

55

8 8 2 14

59

70

86

:

58

70

:

...

70

82

43

...

59

83

64

3533

40

63

77

TABLE IV.-ANGLO-CHINESE EXAMINATION, 1892. Anglo-Chinese Class.

Division.

Total No. Examined.

Copy Writing.

Reading.

Dictation.

Characters.

Translation.

Total Percentage Passed.

I,

12

100

100

92

100

92

100

II,

11

100

91

73

82

91

:

106

Remarks on individual subjects:

Reading. Very good indeed, more attention requires to be paid to phrasing, punctuation, and expression in the highest classes.

Colloquial.-473 boys were examined and 76 per cent. passed. As this is a new departure, the success is satisfactory.

Dictation.-Considerable improvement in both spelling and writing, much higher percentage of

passes.

Composition. A very marked advance. Many boys intelligently employed their imaginations to grasp the situations in the stories and used very appropriate phrases of their own selection to provide details suggested but not related; so that there was very little of the usual style of exercise com- pounded of dictation and memory work.

Grammar.-Excellent work in Lower School, and very good in Upper School. More attention in the First class requires to be paid to parsing and analysis. The order to parse fully is not carried out by a style of parsing that would scarcely pass in the fourth class.

History.-Very successfully taught; foolish answers suggestive of inattention and a futile attempt to cram, very rare.

Mathematics.-Arithmetic same percentage as the total pass last year. Algebra very weak in IB. Euclid, generally good.

Geography-Well taught, including excellent maps from memory.

Shakespeare.—Good papers by several boys in the three sections of Class I.

Translation from and to Chinese.-Very good, specially the latter.

Latin-Only taught in the non-Chinese classes, has attained but a poor standard.

Book-keeping. Very marked improvement on last year.

General Intelligence.—This paper consists of questions on subjects that do not form part of actual class work, but on which every intelligent boy is supposed to have some ideas from conversation or general reading. The considerable improvement observed is doubtless due to the attention paid to colloquial.

Special Subjects.-Chemistry shows distinct improvement; this is the first time in the history of the College that a practical examination has been held in this subject. Drawing was introduced this year with very good results. Trigonometry offered by three boys was not well done by any, though two passed.

19. PUPIL TEACHERS AND MONITORS.-Three of the monitors came out at the head of the Poll; one of them is therefore Morrison Scholar, quite a rare event during the last few years. The rest passed a satisfactory examination in the usual subjects, including a paper on the theory and history of education. In the test of practical work before the class, the four who had more than a year's experience gave their orders and instruction in a highly satisfactory manner. The remaining four, who had been accustomed to teach only during the last few months, taught very creditably, with one exception. Great care was taken over reading and spelling, but I observed that in every case the teacher was of opinion that the dictation lesson was over when the number of mistakes on each boy's slate (marked by another boy) was reported by himself; there was no inspection to criticise hand- writing or discover omitted mistakes. Lessons in early stages of arithmetic were not sufficiently simple.

20. SCHOLARSHIPS.-As the marks obtained at the competition for the Government scholarship have not yet been published, we are ignorant of how our two candidates fared, beyond the fact that neither is at the head. The Trustees of the Morrison scholarship have instituted a junior scholarship of $25 a year for three years, to be awarded to the head boy of the Lower School, as the Senior is gained by the dux of the College. The Stewart Scholarship wsa this year gained by the head boy of the junior section of the first class. The Belilios Trustees have enhanced the value of these two scholarships by the addition of Shakespeare to the senior subjects, and History to the junior. The Bain Engineering scholarship has been withdrawn, as no candidate has offered since its foundation. Two students have been nominated Belilios Medical scholars in connexion with the College of Medicine,

21. PRIZES. In thanking the many generous contributors to our prize fund, I would draw attention to the yearly increasing contributions from the Chinese residents, which, as the Inspector of Schools remarked with truth at the distribution of prizes to the Government Central School for Girls, is the most reliable evidence of their full confidence in the management of the institution.

I have the honour to be, Sir,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

Your most obedient Servant,

GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, D.D., Oxon.,

Head Master.

1892.

VICTORIA COLLEGE.

Number

Month.

of Scholars.

Number of Attendances.

Number of School days.

Average Daily Attendance.

January,

756

9,953

15

663.53

February,

856

7,434

9

826.

March,

862

21,700

27

803.70

April,

833

10,764

14

768.85

May,

809

17,904

24

746.

June,....

781

17,533

24

730.54

July,

747

18,374

26

706.69

August,

700

2,705

4

676.25

September,

786

16,775

23

729.34

October,

771

17,112

24

713.

November,

755

16,972

24/

707.16

December,

730

15,425

23

670.65

Total,...

172,651

Total Number of ATTENDANCES during 1892,

237

Number of SCHOOL DAYS during 1892,..

Average DAILY ATTENDANCE during 1892,................

Total Number of SCHOLARS at this School during 1892,..

...172,651

237

728

1,062

Remarks.

107

GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, D.D., Oxon, Head Master.

AVERAGE EXPENSE of each SCHOLAR at Victoria College during 1892.

Expenditure, .......

Deduct School Fees,.......

Amounts refunded,

Total Expense of the College,.......

Average Expense of each Scholar per Number on Roll, ....

""

99

per Average Daily Attendance.

$32,168.43

$12,342.00

85.00

$12,427.00

$19,741.43

.$18.58

.....27.09

GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, D.D., Oxon,

Head Master.

355

No. 23

93

HONGKONG.

THE EDUCATIONAL REPORT FOR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 19th June, 1893.

No. 37.

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT,

HONGKONG, 6th May, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward to you the Annual Report on Education for the year 1892.

2. GENERAL EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS.-The total number of Educational Institutions of all descriptions, known to have been at work in the Colony of Hongkong during the year 1892, amounts to 229 Schools with a grand total of 10,940 scholars, constituting an increase, as compared with the preceding year, of 14 Schools and 821 scholars. More than three-fourths of the whole number of scholars under instruction in the Colony attend Schools under the supervision of the Education Depart- ment, viz., 130 Schools with 8,277 scholars. The remainder, viz., 99 Schools with 2,663 scholars, consists, with the exception of the Police School (with 371 scholars) and the Roman Catholic Reform- atory (with 75 scholars), of Private Schools, entirely independent of Government supervision and receiving no aid from public funds unless it be that a few of them (as Charitable Institutions) are exempt from payment of rates and taxes.

3. GENERAL STATISTICS OF SCHOOLS UNDER THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.-The total number of Schools, subject to supervision and examination on the part of the Education Department, amounted, in the year 1892, to 130 as compared with 80 Schools in the year 1882 and with 30 Schools in the year 1872. The total number of scholars enrolled in this same class of Schools during the year 1892 amounted to 8,277 as compared with 5,182 scholars in the year 1882 and 1,480 scholars in the year 1872. In other words, there has been an increase of 50 Schools and 3,702 scholars during the ten years from 1872 to 1882 and a like increase of 50 Schools and 3,095 scholars during the ten years from 1882 to 1892.

4. PROGRESS DURING THE LAST THREE YEARS.-Comparing the statistics of Schools under the Education Departinent with regard to individual years, it appears that the number of Schools rose from 112, in the year 1890, to 117 Schools in the year 1891 and 130 Schools in 1892, while the number of scholars under instruction in these same Schools rose from 7,170, in the year 1890, to 7,672 scholars in the year 1891 and 8,277 scholars in the year 1892. There has been thus a steady annual increase observable during the last three years, progressing from an increase of 63 scholars in the year 1890, to an increase of 502, scholars in the year 1891 and an increase of 605 scholars in the year 1892.

*

5. COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS AND VOLUNTARY SCHOOLS.-The Schools under the general supervision of the Education Department may be divided into Government Schools and Voluntary Schools. Under the term Government Schools are included all Schools established and maintained by the Government. Under the term Voluntary Schools are included all those Public Schools, established and maintained by private educationists, which have been voluntarily placed by their respective Managers under the provisions of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme (established in the year 1873 and revised in 1879 and 1883) and consequently under inspection and examination by the Inspector of Schools. In the case of the Government Schools all expenses are provided by the Govern- ment, and the salaries of the teachers, who are members of the Civil Service or Government employees entitled to pension, are paid irrespective of results ascertained by examination. In the case of the Voluntary Schools, the respective Managers provide all expenses but annually receive from the Govern- ment a Grant-in-Aid the amount of which depends, in the case of each School, on the definite results ascertained by an annual examination of each individual scholar, and the paid teachers receive one- fourth of that Grant as a personal reward of their tuitional effectiveness. These two classes of Schools are further characterized by the fact that the Government Schools, as above defined, are virtually secular Schools whilst the aforementioned Voluntary Schools are all Christian (either Protestant or Catholic) Institutions. Referring now to the 8,277 scholars under instruction in the year 1892 in 130 Schools under the supervision of the Education Department, there were as many as 5,655 of these scholars attending 95 Voluntary Schools where they received a religious (Christian) education, whilst 2,622 scholars attended Government Schools receiving a secular education. The subjoined Table exhibits the comparative growth of both classes of Schools since the starting of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme of 1873, which was revised in 1879 and 1883.

356

Year.

Comparative Statistics of Voluntary and Government Schools.

Religious

Voluntary Grant-in-Aid Schools.

Secular

Government Departmental Schools.

Schools.

Scholars.

Schools.

Scholars.

1873,

6

442

30

1,838

1874,

9

632

30

1,931

1875,

9

679

30

1,927

1876,

11

751

30

2,171

1877,

14

996

30

2,148

1878,

17

1,021

30

2,101

1879,

19

1,417

31

2,043

1880,

27

1,808

36

2,078

1881,

37

2,237

35

1,986

1882,

41

3,068

39

2,114

1883,

48

3,517

39

2,080

1884,

55

3,907

35

1,978

1885,

55

4,041

35

1,803

1886,

....

56

3,951

34

1,893

1887,

61

4,160

33

1,814

1888,

63

4,325

34

1,933

1889,

69

4,814

35

2,293

1890,

76

4,656

36

2,514

1891,

81

5,132

36

2,540

1892,

95

5,655

35

2,622

6. SITUATION OF SCHOOLS.-The above mentioned 99 Private (and mostly Confucian) Schools, the 35 Government Schools (giving a secular education) and the 95 Christian Mission Schools, at work in the Colony during the year 1892, are happily so interspersed that, with the exception of three places, every village, and in town every district and even every considerable street, had some school or other. The exceptions are the Praya where family dwellings are comparatively rare, the Peak district where the residents do not care yet sufficiently for a Public School, and the village of Aberdeen where malarial fever has some years ago necessitated temporary closing of the School.. Numerous, well- distributed and conveniently intermingled as the various classes of local Schools are, the school-houses are ill-suited for the purpose, there being, among the 229 Schools of the Colony, hardly 16 Schools that can be said to have proper accommodation. The high prices which Managers have to pay for house- rent constitute the principal cause of this state of things. The rarity and costliness of building sites in town, suitable for educational purposes, also hinder Managers erecting school-houses with the aid (under the Building Grant Regulations) which the Government would be willing to furnish.

7. EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE OF THE GOVERNMENT.-The sum total of educational payments made by the Government during the year 1892 ($86,627 as compared with $72,983 in 1891) amounted, after deducting all educational refunds ($12,857 as compared with $12,624 in 1891), to $73,770 as compared with $60,359 in 1891. The increase of expenditure ($13,411) was caused principally by the rare occurrence of two building grants, by the naturally increasing cost of Victoria College, by the gradual expansion of the Voluntary School system, and by the fact that the financial year 1892 includes 13 months. The detailed items of expenditure were as follows:- Office of Education Department, $6,220.35; Victoria College (not including repairs of building), $24,216.82; Government Central School for Girls (including rent of building), $2,860.19; thirty-two other Departmental Schools, $8,704.61; Grants-in-Aid to Voluntary Schools, $28,430.27 (viz., ordinary Grants-in-Aid to 95 Schools $22,930.27 and Building Grants to 2 Schools, $5,500.00); Physical Training in all Schools, $339.72; Government Scholarship, $2,808.56; Student Interpreters, $189.72. The net cost of education ($73,770.24) amounted, in 1892, to 3.29 per cent. of the total Colonial revenue (as compared with 3.26 per cent. in 1891). The total number of scholars educated in Hongkong in 1892, at the expense or with the aid of the Govern- ment, being 8,278, the education of each scholar cost the Government (after excluding cost of two Government Scholarships held in England) $8.57 per scholar (as compared with $7.49 per scholar in 1891). In the several educational institutions of the Colony the cost, to Government, of the education of each scholar was as follows:-in Victoria College (not including repairs of building owned by Government) $22.80 per scholar; in Girls Central School (including rent of hired building), $20.57; at 32 other Departmental Schools, $6.12; at 95 Grant-in-Aid Schools (not including Building Grants), $4.39. The Managers of those 95 Grant-in-Aid Schools, who received from the Government, in 1892, as Grants-in-Aid, based on the definite results ascertained by the individual examination of each scholar, the sum of $22,576.97, spent during the same year on those Schools, out of the resources of their respective Societies supplemented, in the case of 6 Schools, by school fees ranging from $1 to $3 per mensem for each scholar, the sum of $59,394.13.

8. Nature of THE EDUCATION GIVEN IN THE SCHOOLS OF THE COLONY.-As regards those 130 Schools, with 8,277 scholars, under the supervision of the Education Department in the year 1892, there were 22 Schools at work, giving to 3,024 scholars of English, Portuguese, Indian or Chinese

357

extraction an English education (combined with classical Chinese teaching in the case of 6 of these Schools with 1,601 scholars, mostly Chinese); 4 Schools gave to 186 Portuguese children a European education in the Portuguese language; 3 Schools gave to 146 Chinese children a European education in the Chinese language; and 101 Schools gave to 4,921 Chinese children a classical Chinese educa- tion. In other words, among 8,277 scholars under instruction in the year 1892 in 130 Schools under the supervision of the Education Department, 17.19 per cent. received in 16 Schools a purely English education; 19.34 per cent. received in 6 Schools an English education combined with Chinese classical teaching; 2.24 per cent. received in 4 Schools an elementary European education in the Portuguese language and 1.67 per cent. in 3 Schools a European education in the Chinese language; but the vast majority, viz., 59.45 per cent. received in 101 Schools a purely Chinese education. Comparing the foregoing figures with those of preceding years, say with the year 1887, (when the percentages were, in the above order, 11.51, 19.41, 3.74, 1.64, 63.64), it is evident that since the last six years purely English teaching has made rapid strides; Anglo-Chinese teaching (adhered to nowhere but in Govern- ment Schools) has remained almost stationary; purely Portuguese Schools have been losing ground; Chinese Schools giving a European education have barely maintained their position and purely Chinese teaching has changed but little. But the most noteworthy feature as to the forward movement of English education in the Colony is the fact that among the 1,423 scholars in 16 purely English Schools, the girls number 507 or 35.63 per cent. This proportion, though by no means satisfactory yet, is a very great advance on the condition of things a few years ago. The English education given in those Schools trenches from year to year more and more upon the ground of secondary education, and in this respect also it is observable that female education in the Colony is decidedly progressive, as is evidenced by the fact that, for the first time in the history of the Colony, some girls competed (and that successfully) with boys at the Local Oxford Examinations, and some are now preparing for the senior division of the same Examinations.

9. FEMALE EDUCATION.-The total of girls enrolled during the year 1892 in Schools of all descriptions, under the supervision of the Education Department, amounted to 2,942 or 35.54 per cent. of the total number of scholars enrolled in those Schools, as compared with 36.38 per cent. in 1891 and 32.41 per cent. in 1890. That the slight falling off in the proportion of girls under instruc- tion in 1892, as compared with the number of the preceding year, does not indicate more than that the increase of boys in 1892 was somewhat greater than the increase of girls, will be seen from the subjoined Table exhibiting the proportion of boys and girls under instruction in those Schools during the last twenty years. During the last three years the annual increase or decrease of scholars was as follows:-1890, decrease of 145 boys and increase of 208 girls; 1891, increase of 75 boys and 467 girls; 1892, increase of 454 boys and 151 girls.

PROPORTION Of Boys and GIRLS under instruction in Schools subject to the supervision of the Education Department.

L

Scholars under instruction.

Year.

Population.

Total of Scholars.

Boys.

Girls.

Percentage of Scholars being Girls.

1873, 1874, ....

121,985

1,976

304

2,280

13.33

***

2,282

281.

2,563

10.96

1875,

2,177

429

2,606

16.46

1876,

139,144

2,379

543

2,922

18.58

1877,

2,520

624

3,144

19.84

1878,

2,544

578

3,122

18.51

1879,

2,850

610

3,460

17.63

1880,

160,402

3,187

699

:

3,886

17.98

· 1881,

3,364

859

4,223

20.34

1882,

166,433

3,941

1,241

5,182

23.94

1883,

173,475

4,120

1,477

5,597

26.38

1884,

181,529

4,238

1,647

5,885

27.98

1885,

190,594

4,329

1,700

6,029

28.19

1886,

200,990

4,161

1,683

5,844

28.79

1887,

212,951

4,195

1,779

5,974

29.77

1888,

215,800

4,342

1,916

6,258

30.77

1889,

194,482

4,991

2,116

7,107

29.77

1890,

4,846

2,324

7,170

32.41

1891,

224,814

4,881

2,791

7,672

36.38

1892,

231,662

5,335

2,942

8,277

35.54

10. ATTENDANCE IN SCHOOL AND NUMBER OF UNEDUCATED CHILDREN.-The population of Hongkong amounted, in the year 1892, according to the Registrar General's estimate, to 231,662 souls. The number of children of local school-age (6 to 16 years) consisted, in 1892, of about 30,987 children, viz., 16,322 boys and 14,665 girls. One-third of the whole number of the children of school-going age actually came under instruction during the year 1892, viz., 10,940 scholars, 8,723 of whom attended Public Schools and 2,217 attended Private Schools. The remaining two-thirds, or 20,047 children under 16 years of age may be put down as imperfectly educated, but at least one-half of them, though under 16 years of age and not attending any School in 1892, are probably children who, having from

358

their seventh to their tenth or twelfth or fourteenth year attended a Chinese School, were withdrawn from school to be apprenticed to some trade or industry or to contribute towards the support of their respective families in some way or other. I believe, however, that there may be about 10,000 children in the Colony who never attend school at all and most of them are, no doubt, girls and among the girls it is chiefly the purchased servant-girls and the daughters of the boat-population who receive no education whatever.

11. RESULTS OF THE ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS.-As far as the 95 Voluntary Grant-in-Aid Schools are concerned, the detailed results of the annual examinations of these Schools will be found summar- ized in Table XIV, appended to this Report, where the percentage of scholars, passed in each School in 1892, is stated and compared with the results of the preceding year, and in Table XV which records the percentage of passes gained by those Schools in each subject. As regards the Depart- mental Government Schools, the reports of the Headmaster of Victoria College and of the Headmistress of the Government Central School for Girls have been published in the Government Gazette and the Departmental District Schools will be found classified and arranged, in the order of their efficiency, in Table X. I subjoin, however, a few general observations with regard to these several Schools.

12. VICTORIA COLLEGE.-In my report for the preceding year I suggested that the educative methods and whole organization of the College require a radical reform. No material change, with the exception of more attention devoted now to the teaching of English Colloquial, appears to have been made as yet; but a Committee, consisting of the Registrar General (as representing the Chinese com- munity), the Head of the Education Department and the Headmaster of the College, has repeatedly met, during the year 1892, considering questions of reform and taking some evidence. As regards the question of the conduct of the annual examination of the College, I am thankful to say that the recommendations of my last report have been approved and the general test examination, which is the natural duty of the Head of the Education Department, has been separated now from that annual examination, at the end of each year, which properly belongs to the Headmaster alone.

13. GOVERNMENT CENTRAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.-Cramped by want of space, hampered by unpro- pitious situation and injured by several sudden changes in the Staff, the Girls Central School bravely held its own, raised its standard of teaching, and materially improved in moral tone. I am happy to say the example, which the Government set (in 1890), in opening this School with particular refer- ence to the neglected Eurasian girls in the Colony, has had the effect of stimulating private education- ists to make some efforts (in 1892), in bringing more Eurasian children under the influence of education. The wholesome competition which has thus arisen in 1892, has happily somewhat reduced the number of children attending the Girls Central School which was rather overcrowded. Once more the author- ities of the School have been laid under obligation by the interest which Lady ROBINSON takes in, and the encouragement thus afforded to, the promotion of female education in the Colony.

14. DEPARTMENTAL DISTRICT SCHOOLS.-The number of the Departmental District Schools (out- side Victoria College and Girls Central School) has been considerably reduced with the close of the year 1892. During the preceding year the Shauki-wan Anglo-Chinese School and the San-ts'ün Chinese School were closed owing to the falling off of the attendance. In June 1892, the Government decided that Departmental Schools having fewer than 25 scholars in average attendance should be closed unless there should be no other School in the immediate neighbourhood. In accordance with this resolution, 10 Departmental District Schools were abolished at the close of the year 1892, viz., the Schools at Little Hongkong, Hok-tsui, Shai-wan, Wongkok-tsui, Tsat-tsze-mui, Taihang, Hung- hom, Hok-ün, Matau-chung and Matau-wai. But as at the same time measures were taken to ensure the immediate opening of a number of new Grant-in-Aid Schools to replace the closed Departmental Schools in places where there was urgent need for them, this seemingly drastic measure will prove beneficial. The two Departmental Schools at Tokwawan, though badly attended, have not been closed for the present, pending the erection by a Manager of a suitable building for which a site has been granted by the Government. The Punti Division of the Tanglungchau Departmental School being badly attended, the Master was transferred to Mongkoktsui, whereupon a private School at once took the place of the Departmental School at Tanglungchau without any expense to the Government. As regards the Anglo-Chinese Schools of the Government, four of them (those at Saiyingpun, Wantsai, Wongnaichung and Stanley) have done very efficient work and enjoy very good attendance; but the Yaumati School has exhibited rather poor results, and the School does not appear to be much appre- ciated by the neighbourhood.

15. GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS.-Fourteen new Grant-in-Aid Schools were started at the commence- ment of the year 1892, viz. :-3 English Boys Schools, 7 Chinese Girls Schools and 4 Chinese Boys Schools. The annual examinations of all the 95 Grant-in-Aid Schools shewed satisfactory progress in almost all the branches of Chinese and English teaching, and in many cases there is now a strong tendency to superadd the main features of a secondary education to the curriculum of Schools which were formerly purely elementary. There is at present no strictly speaking secondary School in the Colony, but there are six Schools the highest or special classes of which are now devoting their energies entirely to secondary education. This natural development has led to renewed demands on the part of Managers for a corresponding revision of the Grant-in-Aid Scheme. The addition of Arithmetic to the pensum of Schools giving a purely Chinese education, the addition of elementary science teaching in the case of Schools giving a European education in the Chinese language, and a revision of the gradation of both class subjects and special subjects in the case of English Schools, were, next to the

359

demand for a seventh standard in all the three classes of Schools, the principal desiderata recognized by all interested. As the Managers consented to my suggestion that a revision, with these ends in view, should be constructed on the principle that the expenditure of the Government should not be increased by the changes to be made, I communicated to the Managers at the close of the year 1892 the details of a scheme of revision which is likely to reconcile the interests of both the Government and the Managers in a manner which may be expected to result in enlarging the scope of and intensi- fying the educational stimulus afforded by our local Grant-in-Aid Scheme.

16. LOCAL EXAMINATIONS.-Arrangements were made during the year 1892, both with the Senate of London University and with the College of Preceptors in London, to recognize the Government Offices, Hongkong, as a centre for local examinations in connection with those Examining Bodies. An examination for the teachers' diploma of membership of the College of Preceptors was accordingly held in Hongkong, in July 1892, but the proposed London University Matriculation Examination had to be postponed. The results of the annual Oxford Local Examinations, held in Hongkong in July 1892, were as under :-I. Junior Division.-Honours List, none. Pass List. Diocesan School, 4 passes; Victoria College, 2 passes; Victoria English School (Girls), 2 passes. Candidates, who, having exceeded the age of 16 years, satisfied the Examiners,-Victoria College, 1 pass; High School, 1 pass; Victoria English School (Girls), 1 pass. Successful candidates who obtained distinction,— in English, Diocesan School, 1; Victoria English School (Girls), 1. Details of examination results of Junior Division:-presented 22; examined 20; pass in preliminary subjects, 16; passed in religi- ous knowledge, fully 10, partly 2; passed in English, fully 16, partly 4; passed in mathematics, 8; passed in drawing, 6. Total of certificates issued, 10. Total of pass certificates issued to candidates who had exceeded the limit of age, 3. II. Senior Division.-Honours List, none. Pass List, Victoria College, 3; Diocesan School, 2; High School, 1. Successful candidates who obtained distinction, none. Details of examination results of Senior Division:-presented, 7; examined, 7; passed in preliminary subjects, 7; passed in religious knowledge, 4; passed in English, 7; passed in natural science, 6; passed in book-keeping, 2. Total of certificates issued, 6. The foregoing results may be summarized, thus:-Diocesan School, 6 passes and 1 distinction; Victoria College, 6 passes; Victoria English School, 3 passes and 1 distinction; High School, 2 passes.

17. BELILIOS MEDAL AND PRIZE EXAMINATIONS.-At the annual competitive examinations for Belilios Medals and Prizes (December, 1892), 19 scholars of 7 different local Schools took part in the competition. In the Boys' Division, the Diocesan School gained 4 prizes (2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th). In the Girls' English Division, the Victoria English School took 2 prizes (1st and 3rd), and the Italian Convent 1 prize (2nd). In the Girls' Chinese Division, the Victoria Home and Orphanage School gained the 1st and 2nd, and the Basel Mission School the 3rd and 4th prizes.

18. PHYSICAL TRAINING.-The British Army School drill was continued during the year in 12 local Schools, including 4 Girls Schools. To exhibit to the public the nature and results of this form of physical drill, a public inspection and parade of a select number of boys from 5 Public Schools was held (14th November, 1892) in the presence of His Excellency the Governor, who expressed his appreciation of the results so far achieved.

19. INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.-Apart from the industrial classes of the Roman Catholic Reform- atory School, the only industrial teaching given in local Schools consists of the needlework instruction given in all the Girls Schools of the Colony and particularly in the Chinese Schools (which form the majority). The embroidery work, taught in the latter Schools, has a distinctly commercial value, highly appreciated particularly by the poorer classes of parents, as it enables the girls, at a compara- tively early age, to contribute towards the support of their families by doing embroidery work for Chinese shops.

20. MEDICAL EDUCATION.-The College of Medicine for Chinese issued, in July 1892, its two first graduates after a five years' training. Though their qualification is not yet recognised by Govern- ment, they are certified by a court of independent examiners to be thoroughly qualified to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery. The officers and lecturers of the College, all of whom give their services gratuitously, are steadily carrying forward their philanthropic work, and have at the present time over a dozen promising lads pursuing the curriculum. The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS's build- ing scheme has not been acted upon up to the present, as his stipulations regarding endowment have not yet been complied with.

21. SCHOLARSHIPS.-The Government Scholarship for the study of law, medicine or engineering in the United Kingdom (£200 per annum, for 4 years) was competed for, in October 1892, by 5 can- didates (from Victoria College, St. Joseph's College, Diocesan School and High School respectively) and gained by G. A. YVANOVICH, a scholar of St. Joseph's College. This College had never before taken part in these biennial competitions (established in 1884). The next competition (due in 1894) has been postponed. This temporary pause gives time for reconsideration, welcome because the work- ing of this Scholarship has clearly failed to fulfil the precise purposes for which it was established. Although the expenditure involved (£400 per annum) is small in proportion to the means of the Colony, it is serious when viewed in the light of the fact that the aid given by Government to element- ary Schools has so frequently to be subjected to pro rata reductions for want of funds. Neither has this educational prize met with sufficient appreciation on the part of the local Schools or afforded a palpable educational stimulus. None of the Schools, which have had the privilege of competing for this magnificent Scholarship, ever sent up for it more than one or at the utinost two candidates at any

360

one time. Of the four successful candidates sent to England, one only belongs to a bona fide resident family of Hongkong, and none is bound to return to the Colony. As to other local Scholarships, enjoyed by local Schools, during the year 1892, Victoria College had the benefit of 3 Belilios Scholar- ships, 2 Morrison Scholarships and 1 Stewart Scholarship; St. Joseph's College and the College of Medicine had each 1 Belilios Scholarship.

22. I enclose the usual Tables (I to XVI), containing the Educational Statistics for the year 1892 which, to some extent, have been analysed in the foregoing paragraphs.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary, &c., &c., &c.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

E. J. EITEL, Ph. D. (Tub.),

Inspector of Schools and Head of the Education Department.

TABLE I.-NUMBER of SCHOLARS attending Schools subject to Government Supervision during 1892.

No.

Name of School.

1 American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys),.............

2

3

5

6

""

""

""

7 Aplichau (Boys),

""

99

""

Station Terrace, (Boys), Hinglung Lane (Boys), Queen's Road West (Boys), Háwán (Girls),.

Graham Street (Girls),

Basel Mission High Street (Girls),

">

Shamshuipó (Boys),

Native

Victoria

Grant-in-Aid

School

Total.

College.

School.

(Govt.)

...

70

6000: ANSIAJ

79

79

45

45

78

78

49

49

29

29

45

45

70

83

83

51

51

38

38

28

28

23

23

139

139

116

116

92

92

77

77

60

60

59

59

70

70

29

29

41

41

44

44

30

30

40

40

141

141

130

130

...

.36

36

29

29

29

29

27

...

27

36

36

39

39

...

56

56

16

16

25

25

12

12

22

22

31

31

25

25

118

118

...

74

74

82

...

82

44

44

106

106

75

75

82

82

79

...

79

18

18

...

104

104

55

55

43

43

57

57

41

41

85

85

60

60

299

2,893

3,192

8

9

10

"

Shaukiwan (Boys),

11

""

Tókwawán (Boys),

12

Berlin Mission (Girls),

13

15

"J

16

""

17

"

18

19

""

Central School (Girls),

C. M. S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),

Lyndhurst Terrace (Boys),....

Pottinger Street (Boys),

Saiyingpun (Boys),

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls),

Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),

20

"

Third Street (Girls),

21

59

Yaumati (Mixed),

22

""

Hunghóm (Girls),

23

""

Quarry Bay (Girls),

24

وو

25

39

26

27

28

93

29

""

30

""

Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls),

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School (Boys),

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

F. E. S., Bonham Road Chinese Division (Girls),

High Street (Girls),..

Queen's Road West (Girls),

Hollywood Road (Girls),.......

31

Pottinger Street (Girls),

32

""

Stanley School (Girls),

33

Shaukiwan (Girls),

34

""

35

Tókwawán (Girls),

Bonham Road English Division (Girls),

36 Hoktsui (Boys),

37

Hokun (Boys), ....

38

Hunghóm (Boys),

39

40

Little Hongkong (Boys),.....

L. M. S., Square Street (Boys),.

41

Wantsai Chapel (Boys),

42

""

Yaumati (Boys),

43

"

14

19

Shekt'ongtsui (Boys),

Saiyingpun Division I (Boys),

45

39

وو

II (Boys),.

46

19

Hunghóm (Boys),

47

"

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

48

99

49

""

50

""

51

"

52

"

53

54

Shaukiwan (Boys),

""

55

""

Taikoktsui (Boys),

Shekt'ongtsui (Girls),

Saiyingpun (Girls),.

Uihing Lane Division I (Girls),

39

"

Fletcher Street (Girls),

Tanglungchau (Boys),

Carried forward,.....

II (Girls),

...

361

TABLE I.-NUMBFR of SCHOLARS attending Schools subject to Government Supervision during 1892,—Continued.

Native

Victoria

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

Victoria College (Boys),

117

118

>>

119

120

22

121

122

""

123

29

124

""

125

"

""

Lascar Row (Boys),

126

""

127

Wongkoktsui (Boys),

128

Wongmakok (Boys),

129

130

98

33

99 Saiyingpun English (Boys),

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

وو

""

(Punti) (Boys),

(Hakka) (Boys),

Shaiwan (Boys),

Sheko (Boys),

Sheungwan (Boys),

Sheungwan (Girls),

St. Paul's College School (Boys),

107 Stanley (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys),

108 Taihang (Boys),

Taitamtuk (Boys),

Taiwongkung (Boys),

Tanglungchau (Hakka) (Boys),

(Punti) (Boys),

Tókwawan (Eastern Village) (Boys),

(Western Village) (Boys),

Tsattszemui (Boys),...................

Wantsai (English) (Boys),.........

(Chinese) (Boys),........

Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),

Wellington Street (Boys),

دو

Lascar Row (Girls),

Wantsai (Boys),

Upper Graham Street (Girls),

Kennedy Town (Boys),

Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys),

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys),..

No.

Name of School.

Brought forward,.

56

57

L. M. S., Square Street (Girls),

Li Yuen Street (Girls),

58

"}

D'Aguilar Street (Girls),

59

""

60

""

61

"

62

"

63

64

Third Street (Boys),

Bowrington (Girls),... Kau-ü-fong (Girls), Stanley Street (Girls),

Tanglungchau (Girls),

Taipingshan Chapel (Girls),

65

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

66

""

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),

67

68

"

69

""

70

وو

71

39

72

""

73 774

75 Mongkok (Boys),....

76

77

78

Pokfulam (Boys),.....

79

80

22

81

""

82

""

83

""

84

>>

85

99

86

59

87

99

88

39

European

""

(Boys),

89

""

High School (Boys),

90

91

92

ور

93

94

95

96

ני

97

""

English

35

School

College.

Grant-in-Aid School.

Total.

(Govt.)

299

2,893

3,192

36

36

35

35

51

51

41

41

12

12

77

77

27

27

58

58

142

142

79

79

88

88

Staunton Street (Girls),

Saiyingpun Second Street East (Girls),

Wongnaichung (Girls),

Taipingshan English School (Boys), Third Street

Stewart English School (Boys),

Matauchung (Boys),

Matauts'ün (Boys),

Mongkoktsui (Boys),

New Girls School,

R. C. M., Cathedral School (Boys),

Bridges Street Chinese School (Girls), Hollywood Road Charitable School (Girls), Holy Infancy School Division I (Boys), II (Girls),

""

Yaumati (Girls),

Shaukiwan (Girls),

Hunghóm (Girls),

St. Joseph's College, Chinese Division (Boys),

34

34

35

35

31

31

...

...

64

64

(Boys),

29

29

...

29

29

29

29

33

33

...

26

26

16

16

68

68

16

16

...

83

83

64

64

59

59

22

22

40

40

""

52

52

...

64

64

32

32

33

33

199

199

35

35

Italian Convent, English Division (Girls),

Portuguese Division (Girls),...

Bridges Street, English Division (Girls),

Portuguese Division (Girls), St. Francis Portuguese Division (Girls),

English Division (Girls), Victoria Portuguese School (Mixed).

200

200

30

30

69

69

70

70

42

42

20

20

44

44

">

(Boys),

"

(Girls),

163

163

54

54

151

151

117

45

45

15

15

28

28

2021 22

65

65

76

76

93

93

47

47

37

37

13

13

58

58

57

57

9

9

46

46

25

25

35

35

1,062

1,062

223

223

137

25

25

117

117

(Girls),

49

49

45

45

...

39

39

48

48

...

79

79

24

24

14

14

11

11

73

73

45

45

Total,......

1,062

1,560

5,655

8,277

362

:

TABLE II.-PROPORTION of SCHOLARS to POPULATION in the CITY of VICTORIA and in the VILLAGES in 1892.

CITY AND HARBOUR OF VICTORIA.

Population as per Census of 1891.......................136,901

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS UNDER GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION,

IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

1. American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys),

VILLAGES.

Population, including Boat Population, as per Census of 1891,...64,525 CHILDREN IN SCHOOLS UNDER GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION,

IN VILLAGES.

No. of Scholars.

No. of Scholars.

79

2.

"

Station Terrace (Boys),

45

3.

}:

+2

??

Hinglung Lane (Boys),.

78

3.

""

4.

"}

>>

>

Queen's Road West (Boys),

49

4.

5.

17

"

>>

Háwán (Girls),

29

6.

"

"

>>

Graham Street (Girls),

45

6.

7. Basel Mission, High Street (Girls),

8. Berlin Mission, (Girls),

9. Central School, (Girls),

83

7.

23

139

9.

,,

11.

10. C. M. S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),

Lyndhurst Terrace (Boys),..............

116

10.

92

12.

""

Pottinger Street (Boys),

77

12. Hokün (Boys),

13.

""

Saiyingp'un (Boys),

60

13. Hunghòm (Boys),

14.

99

15.

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls), Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),..

59

70

16.

11

Third Street (Girls),

29

16.

17.

**

Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls);

40

17.

1. Aplichau (Boys),

2. Basel Mission, Shamshuipò (Boys), Shaukiwán (Boys),.. T'òkwáwán (Boys),

5. C. M. S., Yaumati (Mixed),.

"?

Hunghòm (Girls), Quarry Bay (Girls),

8. F. E. S., Stanley School (Girls),

::

Shaukiwán (Girls),

T'òkwáwán (Girls),

11. Hoktsui (Boys),..

14. Little Hongkong (Boys),

15. L. M. S., Yaumati (Boys).

Shektongtsui (Boys),

(Girls),

70

51

38

28

41

44

30

39

56

16

12

22

31

25

82

44

18

18.

31

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School (Boys),

19. Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

20. F. E. S.,

141

18.

Hunghom (Boys),....

82

130

19.

Tanglungchau (Boys)...

41

21.

"

Bonham Road, Chinese Division (Girls), High Street (Girls),..

36

20.

29

21.

22.

Queen's Road West (Girls),

29

22.

17

23.

19

Hollywood Road (Girls),

27

23.

24.

11

Pottinger Street (Girls),...

36

(Girls),

Taikoktsui (Boys), Wongnaichung (Girls),

24. Mátauchung (Boys),

་.

58

Shaukiwán (Boys),

85

60

31

29

25.

Bonham Road. English Division (Girls),

25

25. Matautsün (Boys),

33

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

"

13

>>

??

17

26. L. M. S., Square Street (Boys),

Wantsai Chapel (Boys),

118

26. Mongkok (Boys),

26

(Girls),

36

27. Mongkoktsui (Boys),

16

74

28. Pokfulam (Boys),

16

(Girls),

88

Saiyingp'un I. Division (Boys),

29. R. C. M., Yaumati (Girls),

52

106

30.

22

Shaukiwán (Girls),

64

II.

11

::

(Boys),

75

31.

""

Hunghom (Girls),

32

32.

i

Saiyiügp'un (Girls),..............

104

32. Shaiwán (Boys),

15

33.

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

79

33. Shekò (Boys),

28

34.

Ui-hing Lane I. Division (Girls),

55

34. Stanley (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys),

47

35.

II.

"

(Girls),

43

35. Taihang (Boys),.

37

36.

"1

Fletcher Street (Girls),

57

36. Taitamtuk (Boys).......................

13

37.

38.

39.

""

40.

Li Yuen Street (Girls),

Third Street (Boys),

Bowrington (Girls),

35

37. Tanglungchau (Hakka) (Boys),

67

DAguilar Street (Girls),

51

38.

(Punti) (Boys),

9

41

12

40.

41.

19

Kau-ü-fong (Girls),

77

42.

27

Stanley Street (Girls),

27

43.

::

Taipingshan Chapel (Girls),

142

44.

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

39. Tókwáwán (Eastern Village) (Boys),

""

(Western Village) (Boys),

41. Tsattszemui (Boys).

42. Wesleyan Mission, Kennedy Town (Boys), 43. Wongkoktsui (Boys),

46

25

35

24

14

79

44. Wongmakok (Boys),..

11

45.

""

Staunton Strect (Girls),

34

46.

Saiyingp'un, Second Street, East (Girls),

35

47.

Taipingshan English School (Boys),

45. Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys), 46. Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese) (Boys),..

73

45

64

48.

Third Street

(Boys),

29

TOTAL,.

49.

""

72.

52.

,,

53.

54.

11

55.

11

56.

57.

31

11

58.

"

High School (Boys),

59.

#!

60.

"

"

Portuguese

61.

"

62.

Portuguese

63.

11

64.

English

65.

66.

67.

""

++

(Girls),

68. Saiyingp'un (English) (Boys),

69.

70.

(Hakka) (Boys),...

(Girls),

34

Stewart English School (Boys),

50. New Girls School,

51. R. C. M., Cathedral School (Boys),

Bridges Street, Chinese Division (Girls),. Hollywood Road, Charitable School (Girls), Holy Infancy School, I. Division (Boys),

II.

St. Joseph's College, Chinese Division (Boys),

European

Italian Convent, English Division, (Girls),..............

Bridges Street, English Division (Girls),

St. Francis Portuguese Division (Girls),..............

Victoria, Portuguese School (Mixed),

English School (Boys),

1,751

29

68

83

64

59

22

(Girls),

40

33

""

(Boys),

199

35

200

(Girls),..

30

69

(Girls),

70

42

19

(Girls),

20

44

163

54

151

75. Victoria College (Boys),

77.

"

(Chinese) (Boys),

(Punti) (Boys),

71. Sheungwan (Boys),

73. St. Paul's College School (Boys),

74. Taiwongkung (Boys),

76. Wantsai (English) (Boys),

78. Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),...

45

65

76

93

58

1,062

223

25

79.

*

Wellington Street (Boys),

117

80.

>:

>>

**

""

(Girls),

49

81.

*

Lascar Row (Boys),

79

82.

་་

12

11

(Girls),

45

83.

**

Wantsai (Boys),

39

81.

**

Upper Graham Street (Girls),

48

TOTAL........

6,526

No.

363

TABLE III.—NUMBER of SCHOLARS at the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS during 1892, and EXPENSES of each SCHOOL.

Name of School.

Boys.

Girls.

Total.

Expense.

1

Aplichau,

2

Central School (Girls),

3 Hoktsui,

4

Hokun,

5

Hunghom,

6

Little Hongkong,

7

Matauchung,

70

70

$

139

139

168.00 2,860.19

12

12

132,00

22

22

132.00

31

31

132.00

25

25

120.96

29

29

8 Matautsun,

33

9

Mongkok,

10

Mongkoktsui,

11

New Girls School,

12

Pokfulam,

13

14

15

(Punti),. (Hakka),

16

Shaiwan,

17

Sheko,

18

Sheungwan (Boys),

19

99

(Girls),

20

21

Taihang,

22

Taitamtuk,

26

16

: : : :

132.00

33

137.68

26

132.00

16

165.00

68

68

624.35

16

16

132.06

Saiyingpun (English),

151

:

:

997.62

151

(117)

231.50

45

45

265.86

15

15

120.05

28

28

120.00

65

65

420.00

76

76

660.00

25

26

Stanley (Anglo-Chinese),

23 Taiwongkung,

24 Tanglungchau (Hakka),

Tokwawan (Eastern Village),

47

47

321.31

37

37

133.05

13

13

132.00

58

58

324.00

57

57

199.20

(Punti),

9

9

15,00

46

46

132.00

27

""

(Western Village),

25

25

132.00

28

Tsattszemui,

35

35

132.00

29

Victoria College,

1,062

1,062

19,741.82

30

Wantsai (English),

223

995.08

223

31

"

(Chinese),

(137)

375.30

32

Wongkoktsui,

14

14

132.00

33

Wongmakok,

34 Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese),

11

11

132.00

73

73

325.41

35

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese),

45

45

401.18

Total,...

2,339

283

2,622

$ 31,306.62

TABLE IV.—AVERAGE EXPENSE of each SCHOLAR at the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS and at the GRANT-IN-AID

SCHOOLS during the year 1892.*

I.-EXPENDITURE OF GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.

(Cost of working the Schools irrespective of cost of erection or repairs of Buildings.)

1. VICTORIA COLLEGE.

Expenditure,.....

Deduct School fees, refunded,....

2. GOVERNMENT GIRLS SCHOOL.

Expenditure,......

Deduct School fees,

3. OTHER DEPARTMENTAL SCHOOLS, (no School fees).

Cost to Government,

.$36,643.82

.$12,427.00

-$24,216.82

.$ 3,290.69

.$

430.50

2,860.19

.$ 8,704.61

II-EXPENDITURE ON THE VOLUNTARY GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS.

Total cost to Government, in 1892,

.$ 22,576.97

* NOTE.-The cost of the Inspectorate of Schools ($6,220,35), being connected with both Grant-in-Aid Schools and Government Schools, is not included.

364

No.

III.-AVERAGE COST OF EACH SCHOLAR.

(Calculated by the Enrolment.)

Average Cost, to Government, of each Scholar :----

1. at Victoria College, (not including cost of building),

2. at Government Girls School, (including rent),

3. at Other Departmental Schools,

4. at Grant-in-Aid Schools,........

IV.—AVERAGE COST OF EACH SCHOLAR.

(Calculated by the Average Daily Attendance.)

Average Cost, to Government, of each Scholar:-

1. at Victoria College, (not including cost of building),

2. at Government Girls School, (including rent),

3. at Other Departmental Schools,

4. at Grant-in-Aid Schools,

.$22.80

$20.57

$6.12

$ 4.39

$33.24

$36.95

$ 8.82

$6.39

TABLE V.-Average MonthLY ENROLMENT and DAILY ATTENDANCE at the Government Schools for 1892.

Name of School.

Average Monthly Enrolment.

Average Daily Attendance.

Little Hongkong,

7

1 2 3 4 5 N

Aplichau,

2

Central School (Girls),

3

Hoktsui,

Hokun,...

Hunghon,

Matauchung,

41.27

36.35

89.18

77.40

7.63

5.63

15.19

14.73

16.36

15.28

15.54

13.16

24.63

22.72

8

Matautsun,

27.45

24.52

9

Mongkok,

14.81

13.90

10

Mongkoktsui,

11.18

10.75

11

New Girls School,

35.90

24.35

.12

Pokfulam,

11.00

9.48

13

Saiyingpun, (English),

115.81

111.03

14

(Punti),

50.81

49.14

15

(Hakka),

25.63

22.21

16

Shaiwan,

10.45

7.49

17

Sheko,

25.00

24.42

18

Sheungwan (Boys),

37.36

28.35

19

(Girls),

46.90

40.89

20

Stanley (Anglo-Chinese),

40.90

38.91

21

Taihang,

23.81

19.48

22

Taitamtuk,

10.90

9.46

23

Taiwongkung,.

24 Tanglungchau (Hakka),.

33.00

31.23

32.63

30.44

25

"

(Punti),

26

Tokwawan (Eastern Village),

27

Western Village),

28

Tsattszemui,

29

Victoria College,.

30

Wantsai (English),..

31

27

(Chinese),

32

33

34

35

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese),.............

9.00

7.70

30.72

28.02

15.63

14.36

28.90

22.92

782.16

728.48

151.91

141.40

* 73.63

70.72

Wongkoktsui,

Wongmakok,

Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese),

11.63

10.25

9.72

9.41

57.66

52.30

27.36

25.87

Total,....

1,961.66

1,792.75

365

TABLE VI.-MAXIMUM and MINIMUM ENROLMENT and DAILY ATTENDANCE at the Government Schools during 1892.

No.

Name of School.

Maximum Monthly Enrolment.

Minimum Monthly Enrolment.

Maximum Daily

Attendance

Minimum Daily Attendance

(Monthly average). (Monthly average).

1

Aplichau,

70

10

61.61

10.00

2

Central School (Girls),

102

74

86.50

57.30

3

Hoktsui,

10

5

8.00

2.80

4

Hokun,

17

13

16.80

12.02

Hunghòm,

19

12

18.15

12.00

6

Little Hongkong,

23

11

19.04

9.01

7

Matauchung,.

31

12

29.51

12.00

8

Matautsun,

31

14

29.75

12.08

9

Mongkok,

20

10

20.00

7.08

10

Mongkoktsui,

15

4

14.23

4.00

11

New Girls School,

45

27

39.15

19.50

12

Pokfulam,

13

11.21

7.21

13

Saiyingpun (English),

123

83

119.33

75.94

14

"

(Punti),

62

86

53.80

36.00

15

>>

(Hakka),

28

20

25.50

19.77

16

Shaiwan,

12

9

8.65

5.31

17

Shekò,..

27

19

26.40

18.50

18

Sheungwan (Boys),

45

25

41.50

20.21

19

(Girls),

56

37

49.80

33.92

20

Stanley (Anglo-Chinese),

43

38

41.23

31.28

21

Taihang,

26

18

21.07

13.02

22

Taitamtuk,

12

9

10.62

7.50

23

Taiwongkung,

39

25

34.95

20.20

24

Tanglungchau (Hakka),

40.

18

36.30

17.08

25

(Punti),

9

9

7.70

7.70

99

26

Tokwawan (Eastern Village),

38

14

34.30

13.10

27

"9

(Western Village),

17

12

15.70

11.45

28

Ts'attszemui,

30

13

27.04

10.01

29

Victoria College,

862

700

826.00

663.53

30

Wantsai (English),

174

109

174.00

108.27

31

"

(Chinese),

88

50

84.08

50.00

32

Wongkok-tsui,

12

9

10.96

9.00

33

Wongmakok,

11

9

11.00

8.50

34

Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese),.

64

52

58.45

43.22

35

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese),

32

21

29.58

19.00

Total,.....

2,246

1,536

2,101.91

1,407.51

TABLE VII.-NUMBER of DAYS on which the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS were taught during 1892.

No.

Name of School.

School Days.

No.

Name of School.

School Days.

1

Aplichau,

244

19

Sheungwán (Girls),

240

2

Central School (Girls),

234

20

3

Hoktsui,

247

21

Taihang,

Hokun,

251

22

Hunghòm,

252

23

Stanley (Anglo-Chinese),

Taitamtuk,

Taiwongkung,

232

248

253

244

Little Hongkong,

244

24

Tanglungchau (Hakka),

245

....

7

Matauchung,

252

25

""

(Punti),

17

8

Matautsun,

246

26

Tokwawan (Eastern Village),

245

9

Mongkok,

253

27

(Western Village),

251

10

Mongkoktsui,

231

28

Ts'attszemui,

249

11

New Girls School,

236

29

Victoria College,.

237

12

Pokfulam,

243

30

Wantsai (English),

241

13

Saiyingpun (English),

237

31

(Chinese),

241

14

""

(Punti),

238

32

Wongkoktsui,

251

15

"

(Hakka),

249

33

Wongmakok,

250

16

Shaiwán,

256

34

Wongnaichung (Anglo-Chinese),

242

17

Shekò,

249

35

Yaumati (Anglo-Chinese),...

232

18

Sheungwán (Boys),

246

Total Enrolment for the Year.

366

TABLE VIII.-SUMMARY of ENROLMENT and ATTENDANCE at the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS for the last twenty-five years.

YEARS.

Minimum Daily Attendance

Maximum Daily Attendance

Minimum Monthly

Enrolment.

(Monthly Average).

(Monthly Average).

1868,

916

664

572

460

1869,

942

748

627

504

1870,

1,302

950

683

556

1871,

1,292

937

711

571

1872,

1,480

1,157

837

665

1873,

1,838

1,326

852

760

1874,

1,932

1,271

974

836

1875,

1,927

1,312

988

863

1876,

2,171

1,383

1,057

925

1877,

2,148

1,446

1,212

1,035

1878,

2,101

1,324

1,100

936

1879,

2,043

1,356

1,027

904

1880,

2,078

1,468

1,082

937

1881,

1,986

1,384

1,093

956

1882,

2,114

1,444

1,062

988

1883,

2,080

1,414

1,138

990

1884,

1,978

1,420

1,066

941

1885,

1,988

1,424

1,061

926

1886,

1,893

1,544

1,040

886

1887,

1,814

1,552

1,126

1,000

1888,

1,933

1,653

1,139

1,040

1889,

2,293

1,992

1,190

1,118

1890,

2,514

1,999

1,494

1,370

1891,

2,540

1,909

1,403

1,291

1892,

2,622

2,101

1,536

1,407

January,

February,

March,

April,...

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

TABLE IX.-ENROLMENT and ATTENDANCE at the VICTORIA COLLEGE during 1892.

Month.

Number of Scholars.

Number of Attendances.

Number of School Days.

Average Daily Attendance.

756

9,953

15

663.53

856

7,434

9

826.00

862

21.700

27

803.70

833

10,764

14

768.85

809

17,904

24

746.00

781

17,533

24

730.54

747

18,374

26

706.69

700

2,705

4

676.25

786

16,775

23

729.34

771

17,112

24

713.00

755

16,972

730

15,425

**

24

707.16

23

670.65

Total,.....

172,651

237

Total Number of ATTENDANCES during 1892, Number of SCHOOL DAYS during 1892,.

Average DAILY ATTENDANCE during 1892,.

Total Number of SCHOLARS at this School during 1892,.

..172,651 237 728.485 1,062

TABLE X.-GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS (outside VICTORIA COLLEGE and GIRLS CENTRAL SCHOOL) arranged in the

Rank I.

Saiyingpun, English School. Wantsai, English School.

Wongnaichung, English School. Wantsai School, Chinese Division.

Rank II.

Chinese Girls School, No. 2. Sheungwan, Chinese School. Stanley, English School. Sheko, Chinese School. Chinese Girls School, No. 1.

Tanglungchau (Hakka) Chinese School.

order of their efficiency.

Rank II,-Continued.

Saiyingpun (Hakka) Chinese School.

Rank III.

Yaumati, English School. Taiwongkung, Chinese School. Saiyingpun, (Punti) Chinese School. Aplichau, Chinese School. Pokfulam, Chinese School. Wongmakok, Chinese School. Little Hongkong, Chinese School. Tokwawan (East), Chinese School.

Rank III,--Continued.

Matauchung, Chinese School. Taitamtuk, Chinese School. Hunghom, Chinese School. Mongkokts'un, Chinese School. Hok-un, Chinese School. Matau-wai, Chinese School. Mongkok-tsui, Chinese School. Shaiwan, Chinese School.

Tokwawan (West), Chinese School. Tsattszemui, Chinese School. Mongkok-tsun, Chinese School. Wongkok-tsui, Chinese School.

367

TABLE XI.—NUMBER of SCHOLARS attending Schools receiving GRANTS-IN-AID (under the Provisions of the Scheme of 1883), expenses incurred and amount of Grant gained by each in 1892.

Class of

Name of School.

Boys.

Girls.

Total.

School.

Expenses incurred in 1892.

Amount of Grant gained for 1892.

$ c.

$ c.

1

21

""

,,

I

American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys),

"

:>

**

Station Terrace (Boys),

"

"

Hinglung Lane (Boys),

Queen's Road West (Boys), Háwan (Girls),

"

""

11

争吵

"}

""

ני

-39

""

14

>>

>:

:1

25

92

"

77

""

99

19

:)

"J

::

>>

24

22

19

Stanley School (Girls),.

*1

1)

9:

"

""

Yaumati (Boys),....

>>

25

Graham Street (Girls),

Basel Mission, Shamshuipó (Boys),

Shaukiwán (Boys),

Tókwawan (Boys),

C. M. S. St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),

Lyndhurst Terrace (Boys),

Pottinger (Wellington) Street (Boys), Saiyingpun (Boys),

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls).. Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),

Third Street (Girls),.

Yaumati (Mixed),...

Hunghóm (Girls),

Quarry Bay (Girls),

F. E. S. Bonham Road, Chinese Division (Girls),

High Street (Girls),

Queen's Road West (Girls),.

Hollywood Road (Girls),

Pottinger Street (Girls),

Shaukiwan (Girls), . Tokwawan (Girls),

L. M. S. Square Street (Boys),

Wantsai Chapel (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Boys),

116

92

2: : : 2285882: : AJAJ

79

352.15

187.94

45

267.56

154.79

78

78

423.73

279.79

49

345.71

210.18

29

29

221.41

105.94

45

45

281.13

94.50

51

188.73

120.94

38

180.54

136.09

28

77.39

63.45

116

108.64

293.38

92

392.08

263.05

77

324.73

161.81

60

317.80

180.76

59

59

155.64

168.74

70

70

364.80

222.48

29

29

328.52

123.13

34

7

41

199.13

64.38

44

44

207.25

133.92

30

30

51.45

36

36

764.68

198.38

29

29

203.11

117.06

29

29

225.07

143.37

27

27

232 95

112.76

36

36

261.56

101.46

39

39

167.15

77.11

56

56

211.42

186.46

16

16

132.92

118

118

672.50

481.78

74

71

490.03

318.61

82

82

268.85

314.27

44

44

254.20

203.39

">

Saiyingpun I Division (Boys),

106

106

557.67

434.41

II

"

19

*

(Boys),

75

75

437.22

295.36

""

Hunghom (Boys),

82

82

399.28

292.29

""

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

79

79

361.87

293.69

31

"

Shektongtsui (Girls),.......

18

18

171.30

66.47

"1

步步

Saiyingpun (Girls),

104

104

367.92

387.27

27

"

Ui-hing Lane I Division (Girls),

55

55

304.78

234.35

II

""

??

"

13

29

Fletcher Street (Girls),

(Girls):

43

43

185.44

57

57

215.65

98.20

"S

Tanglungchau (Boys),

41

267.80

67.63

"

""

Shaukiwan (Boys),

85

85

347.51

245.67

"

"

Taikoktsui (Boys),

60

60

351.54

151.88

"

""

Square Street (Girls),

36

36

383.24

132.19

و.

Li-Yuen Street (Girls),.

35

35

232.29

113.65

""

D'Aguilar Street (Girls),

51

51

242.08

""

Third Street (Boys),

41

41

115.97

Bowrington (Girls),

12

12

58.83

Kau-u-fong (Girls),

77

77

361.01

324.10

***

*

وو

Stanley Street (Girls),

27

27

288.56

132.70

Tanglungchau (Girls),

58

58

218.50

186.39

"1

Taipingshan Chapel (Girls),

142

142

678.25

361.17

"}

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

79

79

497.79

277.02

"J

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),

88

88

556.07

247.12

...

Staunton Street (Girls),

34

34

458.17

152.62

"

39

Saiyingpun Second Street East (Girls),

35

35

381.27

154.96

59

Wongnaichung (Girls),..........

31

31

63.84

R. C. M. Cathedral School (Boys).......

83

...

83

171.00

105.64

:)

"

>>

"

""

"

""

Bridges Street, Chinese School (Girls),......... Hollywood Road, Charitable School (Girls), Holy Infancy School I Division (Boys),

64

64

365.00

241.49

59

59

390.00

205.30

22

22

316.00

130.31

II

"

37

""

11

(Girls),

40

40

>>

Yaumati (Girls),"

52

52

209.00

166.82

11.

Shaukiwan (Girls),

64

64

389.00

143.74

""

Hunghom (Girls),

32

32

255.00

83.60

""

15

19

"

Wesleyan Mission Spring Gardens (Boys),

Wellington Street (Boys),

25

25

204.00

72.08

117

117

434.00

313.19

>>

11

"

"

"

(Girls),

19

49

216.00

132.30

Lascar Row (Girls),.

45

45

148.44

"

Wantsai (Boys),

39

39

129.47

4

3

Upper Graham Street (Girls),

48

48

252.62

""

Lascar Row (Boys),

79

79

217.44

19

59

Kennedy Town (Boys),

24

24

84.21

III

Basel Mission, High Street (Girls),

83

83

801.13

504.05

Berlin Mission (Girls),

23

23

982.00

228.05

C. M. S. Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls),...

10

40

419.34

313.59

IV

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School (Boys),

141

141

724.01

""

St. Paul's College School (Boys),

93

93

1,658.28

401.23

"}

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

130

130

11,976.72

1,088.74

**

F. E. S. Bonham Road English Division (Girls),

25

25

244.50

234.62

:

I. M. S. Taipingshan (Boys),

64

64

170.24

"

*

Third Street (Poya),

29

29

113.20

*

Stewart English School (Boys),

R. C. M. St. Joseph's College Chinese Division (Boys),

29

29

7.16

33

33

5,241.89

1,974.29

""

15

"

European

"}

11

High School (Boys),

(Boys),.....

199

199

35

35

1,525.40

241.08

وو

1:

>>>

29

St. Francis

**

"

Portuguesc

"}

English

Italian Convent English Division (Girls),

Portuguese Division (Girls), Bridges Street English

Victoria Portuguese School (Mixed),

200

200

30

5,350.00

1,514.11

30

>>

'(Girls),

69

69

*2,143.00

929.14

>>

(Girls),

70

70

**

(Girls),

42

42

657.00

364.87

*

(Girls),

20

20

12

32

11

1.243.00

294.86

ور

#

English

"

"

**

>>

(Boys), (Girls),

163

163

7,443.80

1,396.23

54

54

2,951

2,704

5,655

$54,394.13

$23,512.79

368

TABLE XII.-ENROLMENT, ATTENDANCE and NUMBER of SCHOOL DAYS, at the GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS during 1892.

Maximum Minimum Average Average

No.

Name of School.

Monthly Enrol- ment.

Attend-

Maximum Minimum Monthly

Enrol- Daily Daily

Attend-

Average

Monthly

Average Daily At- tendance

Enrol-

Number of School

for the

ment.

ment.

ance.

ance.

Year.

Days.

2

"

3

""

"

1 American Board Mission Bridges Street, (Boys),

Station Terrace (Boys), Hinglung Lane (Boys),

39

7

8

"

9

10

"

Basel Mission, Shamshuipò (Boys),

"

C.M.S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),

Queen's Road West (Boys), Háwán (Girls),

Graham Street (Girls),

Shaukiwán (Boys),

Tókwawán (Boys),

108

11

"

Lyndhurst Terrace (Boys),

CON

79

45

78

49

29

41

51

**KAN**

50

74.41

44.91

71.45

65.83

245

36

42.55

33.54

39.81

36.93

244

28

72.38

21.90

68.27

60.51

265

46

47.76

43.30

48.63

45.24

245

18

25.72

17.14

25.09

22.51

259

27

39.87

21.13

35.18

31.59

253

23

44.44

8.80

15.36

39.30

250

38

22

36.07

15.16

36.27

33.25

257

27

16

23.55

9.18

22.09

16.78

261

76

102.00

66.82

94.00

86.82

271

72

54

69.70

52.61

62.58

60.89

259

12

Pottinger Street (Boys),

51

37

46.92

29.35

44.91

42.82

267

13

Saiyingpún (Boys),

57

40

49.47

29.64

47.90

42.27

247

14

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls),

17

18

41.50

16.91

37.50

34.62

275

15

""

Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),

47

30

46.04

25.00

42.08

36.68

255

16

JJ

Third Street (Girls),

26

17

20.76

9.84

22.27

17.61

273

17

11

Yaumati (Mixed),

28

22

22.42

11.33

25.50

17.76

272

18

""

Hunghom (Girls),

44

32

37.15

26.85

40.09

32.96

275

19

Quarry Bay (Girls),

26

13

22.78

12.20

19.54

16.65

261

20

F.E.S., Bonham Road, Chinese Division (Girls),

28

22

27.90

19.72

25.90

25.32

208

21

""

High Street (Girls),

25

17

23.33

9.18

22.90

20.72

240

22

"

Queen's Road West (Girls),

27

22

26.00

20.21

25.45

23.41

269

23

"

Hollywood Road (Girls),

27

15

25.16

11.46

23.36

20.69

265

24

}:

25

"1

26

95

27

Pottinger Street (Girls),

Stanley School (Girls), Shaukiwán (Girls), Tókwawán (Girls),

28 L.M.S., Square Street (Boys),

24

17

23.27

14.14

19.91

18.29

265

34

14

29.73

10.00

29.27

22.66

238

52

24

39.68

21.42

36.83

35.77

260-

14

6

9.88

4.12

12.90

8.06

238

112

91

105.93

79.23

102.5+

97.13

238

29

"

Wantsai Chapel (Boys),

72

62

69.80

56.22

69.00

65.37

240

30

"

Yaumati (Boys),

82

53

77.00

40.78

77.00

68.81

237

31

"

Shektongtsui (Boys).

44

29

41.68

26.23

40.45

38.09

245

32

}}

Saiyingpun, I. Division (Boys),

106

62

89.12

35.35

101.00

81.27

243

33

II.

"

32

(Boys),

75

57

67.03

51.85

70.63

62.90

255

34

"?

Hunghòm (Boys),

82

48

74.37

10.92

74.55

67.67

240

35

"9

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

79

62

76.20

56.58

75.18

71.14

237

36

""

Shektongtsui (Girls),

18

12

17.34

11,60

15.72

14.96

263

37

39

Saiyingpun (Girls),

96

64

83.55

57.57

88.72

77.65

247

38

>>

Ui-hing Lane, I. Division (Girls),

52

39

50.26

37.47

46.90

44.68

242

39

II.

"

97

""

(Girls),

43

18

41.00

18.00

37.45

35.20

275

40

"

Fletcher Street (Girls),

40

30

35.60

25.52

35.16

31.86

278

41

39

Tanglungchau (Boys),

26

11

26.00

11.00

18.08

17.18

271

42

"

Shaukiwan (Boys),

71

39

72.23

36.50

67.54

62.60

236

43

93

44

"

Taikoktsui (Boys),.

Square Street (Girls),

60

28

53.36

21.00

51.72

45.87

245

31

25

29.53

23.07

29.51

26.64

275

45

"1

Li Yuen Street (Girls),.

35

24

34.44

22.52

29.90

29.13

272

46

#

D'Aguilar Street (Girls),

49

34

45.61

26.00

44.45

37.82

268

47

37

Third Street (Boys),

41

34

37.76

24.07

37.70

34.07

225

48

"?

Bowrington (Girls),

12

10

11.91

9.28

11.30

10.92

227

49

"

Kau-u-fong (Girls),

58

38

55.33

33.76

52.91

50.15

273

50

19

Stanley Street (Girls),

25

9

20.07

6.15

21.54

17.68

266

51

">

Tanglungchau (Girls),

50

22

38 11

18.69

39.33

31.70

275

52

}}

Taipingshan Chapel (Girls),

106

73

90.28

53.61

96.08

82.17

270

53

17

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

48

29

46.84

26.00

43.66

41.10

265

54

";

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),...

56

41

48.00

35.42

51.75

41.62

275

55

93

Staunton Street (Girls),

34

30

32,96

21.84

32.54

30.15

264

56

"

Saiyingpun, Second Street East (Girls),

30

14

28.00

9.83

26.27

24.11

258

57

Wongnaichung (Girls),..

30

15

26.50

10.76

20.41

16.20

256

58 R.C.M., Cathedral School (Boys),

61

42

58.60

42.00

55,75

49.20

267

59

60

11

61

Bridges Street, Chinese School (Girls), Hollywood Road, Charitable School (Girls), Holy Infancy School, I. Division (Boys),.

56

31

50.74

24.56

47.91

42.20

270

46

26

43.34

23.23

37.91

35.10

260

16

12

16.00

11.66

14.08

13.28

256

62

II.

63

*

Yaumati (Girls);

"

(Girls),

40

35

38.90

28.70

38.08

32.38

254

47

28

39.76

24.50

42.50

36.60

287

64

Shaukiwán (Girls),

47

27

42.84

22.87

40.83

35.30

282

65

Hungbom (Girls),..

27

20

25.70

10.61

24.00

19.00

277

66

67

1:

3

Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),

Wellington Street (Boys),

23

13

19.88

11.55

20.45

17.87

235

113

87

104.32

71.92

100.86

91.67

248

68

י

"

(Girls),

46

31

42.04

22.91

39.09

35.26

246

69

**

Lascar Row (Girls),

45

17

41.74

- 16.83

38.36

36.25

259

70

"

"}

Wantsai (Boys),

38

28

36.04

23.91

35.18

32.28

256

71

19

وو

Upper Graham Street (Girls),...

48

19

42.67

13.80

40.63

35.41

270

72

Lascar Row (Boys),

77

57

70.75

48.69

68.17

60.88

239

73

Kennedy Town (Boys),

24

13

23.07

10.33

22.18

20.64

247

74 Basel Mission, High Street (Girls),

70

65

64.75

51.57

68.36

61.07

259

75

Berlin Mission (Girls),

23

23

23.00

21.92

23.00

22.55

267

76

C.M.S., Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls),..

37

32

34.92

30.61

34.09

33.59

244

77

་་

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School (Boys),.

.126

89

114.00

71.73

111.09

98.11

243

78

St. Paul's College School (Boys),

71

22

64.36

19.14

55.75

54.34

235

79

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

103

81

95.29

75.33

94.54

87.04

233

80

F.E.S., Bonham Road. English Division (Girls),

24

18

23.38

16.70

21.72

20.96

199

81 L.M.S., Taipingshan (Boys),

43

24

33.08

14.36

36.18

29.19

259

82

+1

Third Street (Boys)...

25

16

.24.00

13.00

20.63

19.15

255

83

Stewart English School (Boys),.

14

6

10.22

5.07

9.36

7.53

248

84 R.C.M., St. Joseph's College, Chinese Division (Boys)...

33

18

28.00

12.00

25.00

20.00

190

European Division (Boys),.

199

176

186.77

160.00

190.08

176.20

227

86

High School (Boys),.

32

20

32.00

19.60

24.91

21.76

270

87

Italian Convent, English Division (Girls),

164

151

154.54

133.00

158.27

143.69

217

88

"

55

Portuguese Division (Girls),

30

29

28.70

26.14

29.63

27.60

217

$9

*

90

??

>

91

>>

92

>>

12

93

94

""

"}

Bridges Street, English Division (Girls).

Portuguese Division (Girls),

St. Francis, Portuguese Division (Girls),.

English Division (Girls),

Victoria Portuguese School (Mixed),

English School (Boys),

66

22

53.56

13.00

58.90

43.42

232

62

54

48.55

27.60

56.81

43.62

232

კე

30

32.20

24.03

35.58

28.98

259

19

14

15.68

9.60

16.66

13.08

259

41

26

32.27

15.00

37.25

30.87

261

105

66

94.30

57.01

90.66

81.80

276

95

#

"

(Girls),

49

35

45.48

32.40

40.66

37.41

274

NAME OF SCHOOL.

i

XIII.-RESULTS of the EXAMINATION of the GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLs in 1892, under th

Class of School.

No. of Scholars Presented.

No. of Scholars Examined.

Stand. I.

Stand. II.

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. I.

Stand. II.

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Passed.

Failed.

Ordinary Subjects.

Special

Ordinary Subjects.

Special Ordinary

Subjects.

Subjects.

Subjects.

NUMBER OF SCHOLARS Who Passed,

NUMBER OF SCHOLARS WHO FAILED.

ΤΟΥ

2.-

"

3.-

>>

4.-

>

33

5.- 6.-

"

19

"

8.- 9.-

19

++

1.- American Board Mission, Bridges Street, (Boys)..........

21

Station Terrace, (Boys),

I

69 67

3

18

9

36 34

3 21

6

5

24

6

3

1

Hinglung Lane. (Boys),..

65

61

1 29

18

Queen's Road West, (Boys), Háwan, (Girls), Graham Street, (Girls),

46

45.

19

12

23

23

5

5

30 87

30 4

49 12

34 11

16 7

32

30

8

17 13

7.-Basel Mission, Shamshuipo, (Boys),

Shaukiwan, (Boys), Tokwawán, (Boys),...

10.-C. M. S., St. Stephen's Chinese School, (Boys),

45

42

3 16

3.8 37

13 10

28

19

18

4 6

3

22 20 20 7 13 5

65

61

37 11

49 12

11.- 12.- 13.-

97

Lyndhurst Terrace, (Boys).

55

50

28 12

44

6

"

Pottinger Street, (Boys),.........

41

36

1

17

7

27

9

59

Saiyingp'ún, (Boys),

40

38

2

19 10

32

6

14.-

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial, (Girls),

34

34

15

8

5

28

15.-

Lyndhurst Terrace, (Girls),..

36

36

9

10

32

16.-

19

Third Street, (Girls),

20

20

4

4

3

2

16

17.- 18.-

19

Yaumáti, (Mixed),.......

22

19

1

9

2

19

Hunghom. (Girls),..

27

26

11

11 3

19.

Quarry Bay, (Girls),

11

9

3

5

21.

"

22.- 23.- 24.- 25.-. 26.-

*1

"

19

99

27.-

"

High Street, (Girls),..

Tòkwáwán, (Girls),

20.-F. É. S., Bonham Road, Chinese Division, (Girls),

Queen's Road West, (Girls),

Hollywood Road, (Girls),

Pottinger Street, (Girls),..

Stanley School, (Girls), Shaukiwán, (Girls),

28.-L. M. S., Square Street, (Boys),

23

23

18

18

12

22

21

5

21

19

5

17

17

3 5

28

28

9

41

40

15 10

5

:323

::::::::

12

25

9

17

6

18

17

4

17

2

13

4

14 14

33

7

89

88

13 29 34

84 4

29.-

Wántsal Chapel, (Boys),

70

65

3 24 28

55 10

30.-

Yaumáti, (Boys)..

71

70

1 21 28

51

19

81.-

Shekt'ongtsui, (Boys),

38

38

11 22

33 5

32.-

19

Sairingpún I Division, (Boys),

93

89

1

43 32

77 12

33.-

II

99

99

(Boys),

66

66

3

25

21

2

13

51 15

34.-

Hunghom, (Boys),..

71

65

2

29 16

3

3

50

15

35.-

Hospital Chapel, (Boys),

68

58

35 15

2

3

51

7

36.- 37.- 88.-- 39.-- 40.-. 41.----

Shektongtsui, (Girls),

13

13

4

3

8 5

91

Saiyingpin, (Girls),

86

85

14 33

16

3

5

65 20

91

Ui-hing Lane, I Division (Girls),.

39

37

4

14

7

32

5

»

"

II

(Girls),.

35

33

9

12

29

4

"

Fletcher Street, (Girls),

29

29

2

;

13 16

Tanglungchau, (Boys),..

17

16

6

Co

5

11

5

42.-

43.-

44.-

"

45.-

13

46.-

"

47.- 48.-

"

33

49.-

+

50.-

51.- 12.--- 53.-

55

Shaukiwán, (Boys),

Taikoktsui, (Boys),

Square Street, (Girls),

Li-yuen Street, (Girls),...

D'Aguilar Street, (Girls),

Third Street, (Boys),

Bowrington, (Girls),

Kau-il-fong, (Girls),

Stanley Street, (Girls),...

Tanglungchau, (Girls),..

62

61

4

24

14

43

18

47

47

12 18 3

33

14

26

26

10

4 7

2

23

3

21

21

7

2 1

19 2

42

42

8 14

13 2

37

5

35

35

4 3

10

8

18

17

12

12

2

9

11

1

50

48

17

21

21

9

34

33

8 15

Taipingshan Chapel, (Girls),

87

87 28 39

"

Aberdeen Street, (Girls),..

43

41

9 12

4359 N

17

6

4.

5

8

54.-

"

Wántsai Chapel, (Girls),

47

45

13 14

6

622768

2

2

55.-

Staunton Street, (Girls),.

30

30 13 8

56.-

57.-

"

Saiyingp❜ún Second Street East, (Girls),. Wongnaichung, (Girls),

27

27 11

15

14

5

58.-R. Ĉ. Mission, Cathedral School, (Boys),..

39

38

14

59.-

11

60.- 61.- 62.- 63.-

"3

}}

Bridges Street, Chinese School, (Girls), Hollywood Road, Charitable School, (Girls), Holy Infancy School, I Division, (Boys),

42

38

11

4

33

33

10

13

13

6

2

>>

II

31

11

Yaumáti, "(Girls),.

(Girls),

16

16

5

34

34

16

13

64.-

19

Shaukiwán, (Girls),

32

32

16

65.

"

Hanghom, (Girls),

21

21

12

66.-Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens, (Boys),

19

18

2

3728

2

6 5

:::::: www.

:

4

67.-

31

Wellington Street, (Boys)..

80

79

18

26 11

68.- 69.- 70.- 71.- 72.-

>

(Girls),.

31

29

4

13

*

Lascar Row (Girls),

33

30

6

14

»

"

Wantsai, (Boys),..........

31

29

9

11 7

"

Upper Graham Street, (Girls),

45

45

7

14

55

"

Lascar Row (Boys),

58

53

7

8

19

73.-

"}

55

Kennedy Town, (Boys),..

22

20

7 6

13

4

35

"

85.-

11

$6.

87.-

11

88,-

"

89.-

24

90.-

>>

91.

92.

93.- 94.

"1

92

95,-

"

وه

74.-Basel Mission, High Street, (Girls),

75.-Berlin Mission, (Girls),..

76.-C. M. S. Victoria Home and Orphanage, (Girls), 77.-

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese, (Boys),

78.-St. Paul's College School (Boys),

78.-Diocesan Home and Orphanage, (Boys),...

80.-F. E. S. Bonham Road, English Division, (Girls),

81.-L. M. S. Taipingshan, (Boys),..

82.-

Third Street, (Boys), 83.-

Stewart English School, (Boys), 84.-R. C. M., St. Joseph's College, Chinese Division, (Boys),

European

High School, (Boys), Italian Convent, English Division, (Girls),

Portuguese Division, (Girls),. Bridges Street, English Division, (Girls),

Portuguese Division, (Girls),

St. Francis, Portuguese Division, (Girls),.

Victoria Portuguese School, (Mixed),

III 60

60

27 12

8

TII

23

20

5

5

III 34

34

11

7

IV

99

98

$3 24

13

2

IV 49

43

17 9 7 3

6

IV

69

67

12 7 13 10 10 13 36

31

42

JV 21

20

1

2 8 5 2

IV 24

24

10 10

IV

16

15

10 5

IV

4

2

-i mimi ni

4

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::** :

46

2

21

31

2

61

26

39

40

26

254

27

13

1

22

16

32

6

26

7

9

4

12 4

32

2

30

16

5

13 5

59

20

19

10

24

6

27

2

20

15

35

18

15

5

68

2

19

1

72

$2

42

10

€5

18

21

3

15

2

IV

"

(Boys),.

IV 146

144

16 29 28 30

20 14 53

42

17

14 137

IV 16 IV

109

16 107

1

3

6 5

15

IV 30

30

IV

57

57

26 18

8 14 24

4 11

27 16 10

7

8

13 2

IV 46

46 17 13 11

IV

26

26

6

14

English

(Girls),

English

"

(Boys),

>>

(Girls),

14

IV

13

13

IV

IV

ददद

36

ས་

5

2

36 11 8 6

to to co

6

79

73

9 9 12 17

40

19

35

35

7

7

5

:::::::::

100

30

53

41

26

13

32

22

68

35

Education Department, 30th January, 1893.

* Less Reduction 5 per cent.

+ $31.49 Forfeited to Government.

* Deducted $24 by C.S.O. 849 of 1892.

See C.S.O. 2864 of 189%

GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS in 1892, under the provisions of the Scheme of 15th September, 1883.

3

1

8

8

5

24

3

2

:::::::

742-732+

65.83

3062

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. I.

Stand. II.

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

Passed,

Failed.

Passed,

Failed.

›ecial

bjects.

Ordinary Subjects.

Special Subjects.

Ordinary Special Subjects. Subjects.

Average Daily Attendance

during the Year.

Stand. I.

SSED.

NUMBER OF SCHOLARS WHO FAILED.

TOTALS.

SUMS TO WHICH THE SCHOOL 18 ENTITLED.

30

30

49

12

34 11

16

17

13

22

20

20

18

5

49 12

44

6

27

32

28

32

16

12

25

9

3

17

க.

18

17

17

2

13

4

14 14

33 7

84 4

55 10

61 19

33

5

77 12

13

51

15

50

15

3

51

7

8

5

65

20

32 5

29

4

3

13 16

11

5

****:*:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

36.93

60.51

84 26 116

108

8

45.24

76

72 8

22.51 10 20

24

31.59 16

30 32

39.30 6

64

18

33.25

26

40

36

16.78 8

24

18

£6.82

148

60.89

112 72 32

42.32 2

49.27 4

G8 76

60

24.62 30 $2 36.08 18 36 17.61 8 16 17.76 2 36 12 32.96 22 44 18 16.65 6 20 6

30

25.32 2

20.72 6 48 6

30

23.41 4 20 20.69 10 32 18.29 6 20 22.66 18 12 35.77 30

42 24

40 30

..

97.13 26 65.37 6 68.81 2 38.09

116

204

96 168 84 168

44 132

81.27

2 172 192

62.90 6 100 126

67.67 4 116

71.14

140

14.96

16 18 8

77.65 28 132 96 8 10

43

18

33

14

45.87 24 72

23

3

48 24 32

31.86 4 20 30 8 17.18

62.60 8 96 84 8

26.64 20 16 42 16

44.68 8 56 42 40 20 35.20 18

24 30

18

19

2

29.13 14 32 12 8 10

37

5

37.82 16 56 78 16

7

2

18 17

11

34.07 8 12 60

10.92 4 36

46

2

21

*0.15 34 16 102 48 20 17.68 18 12 36 16

31

31.70 16 60 24 16 20

61

26

82.17 56 76 30 56

39

41.10 18 48 49 48 30

40

41.62 26 56 36 24 20

2

26

30.15 26 32 18

27

13

1

22

16

24.11 22 24 42 16.20 10 32 49.20 28 28

6

32

42.20 22 36 24 32 20 24

26

35.10 20 16 24 32

HINN1240

9

12

32

442

30

16

5

13.28 12 &

32.18 10 12 24

36,60 32 52 18

35,30 32 28 42 19.00

24

6

8 12

13 5 59 20 19 10

17.87 4 24 30 91.67

36 104 66 32

35.26 8 52 12

24 6

36.25 12 56 24

$::::::::

Hi Hi mi mami: ut mi

27

20

15

35

18

2 12 00

32.28 18 44 42

35.41 14

84

60.88 14 32 114

15

5

58 2

19

1

::

$2

2

20.04 4 28 36 61.07 162 22.55 33.59 66 42

84

64

35

$2

6

98.11 818 192

130 24

6

42

1

2

4

9 10 C5

2 109

23

18

21

3

15

2

17

14 187

15

15

30

లు: :::

Awi wi

100

3

30

53

41

26

13

32

4

22

5

1

68

62

35

23:

28

14

:∞∞∞∞∞∞ : : : : :*

:*:*:**

• 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 NAAIAIA¤S :8*******:-**°*°**88****288 :888882 :::8MEGA 98222

42 16

བས་

8

60 16 20

18 16 20 12

8

12 24

16

24

64

8

10

16

96 24

90 8

8

20

24

30

#¦ ¦¦Âæ::::::::82 : : :8 19 ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 19 ::::22 :::::: : : :& 1&ZARA :::&M ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀::

8

66 8

.00

20

20

72

54

Stand. III.

Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

:::::::: Stand. IV.

Stand. V.

Stand. VI.

⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀ ⠀ :: Very Good.

6.00

815.00

::::

Good.

~*!::: | Fair.

Ordinary Subjects.

Subjects.

Special

Needle Work.

WOHNGA | Capitation Grant.

Total Grant earned in 1892.

Amount of Reduction cent.

per

Amount payable.

Amount due to Teacher.

Amount due to Manager.

$

65.83

197.83

9.89

36.93 162.93.

187.94 8.14 154.79 38.69

46.98 140.96

116.10

60.51

294.51

14.72 279.79 69.94

209.85

45.24

221.24

22.51

111.51

11.06 5.57

210.18 52,54

157.64

31.59 132.62

6.63

105.94 125.99 t..

26.48

79.46

94.50

39.30

127.30

6.36 120.94 30.23

90.71

33.25

143.25

7.16 136.09

34.02

102.07

16.78

66.78

3.33 63.45

15.86

47.59

£6.82

308 82

15.44 293.38

73.34 220.04

60.59

276.89

42.32 170.32 42.27 190.27

90

24

24

10

12

:::::::::::::::::::::::

40 14 19.50

9.00

34.62

177.62

14

36.68

234.18

11.70

13.84 263.05 65.76 197.29 8.51 161.81 40.45 121.36 9.51 180,76 45.19 135.57 8.88 168.74 42.18 126.56 222,48 55.62 166,86

16 6.00

17.61

129 61

6.48

17.76

€7.76

3.38

123.13 64.38

30.78 92.35

16.09 48.29

15.00 9

32.96

140.96

7.04

133.92

33.48 100.44

1.50 4

J6.65

54.15

18 16.50 3

8 7.50

25.32

208.82

3

8 19.50 4 1418.00

16 10.50

10.50

2

10 19.60

7

20.72 123.22 23.41 150.91 20.69 118.69 18.29 106.79 22.66

81.16 35.77 196.27

2.70 51.45 12.86 38.59 10.44 198.38 49.59 148.79

6.16 J17.06 29.26

7.54 143.37 5.93 112.76

87.80 35.84 107.53 28.19 84.57

5.33 101.46 25.36 4.05 77.11 9.81 186.46

76.10

19.27

57.84

46.61

139.85

..

2 9.00

2 8 33.00 15 6 18.00 12 621.00 11 4.60 5

10 12

::::::2:22*:::INA!

13.50 5

4 7.50 3 433.00 14

34.07 122.07

9.00

36 (27.00

2 2

10.92 61.92

50.15

12

4 18.00 6

17.68

12

24

6 16.50 6 212.00 44 6 28.50 12 19.50 13 413.50 17 12 12.00 3 3.00

341.15 17.05 139.68 31.70 196.20 82.17 380.17

6 16.20

30.15 160.65 24.11 163.11 67.20

12

1821.00 14 | 24.00

15

• LO C

49.20 111.20 42.20

9

8 15.00

13.50 6 218.00 17 6 6.00 2 2

19.00 88.00

6 12.00

14 9.00 19

48 30

8

36

45

50

45

24

:::

70 72

888888

54.34 102 72

70 36 84

87.04 72 56 130 120 140 208

20.96 6 16 80 60 28

29.19 60 80 10

19.15 60 40

7.53

176.20 96 232 280 360 280 224 106 156 168

24.76 6

143.69 156 144 270 192 140 48

27.60 48 88 40 84

43.42 84 192 130

43.62 102 104 110

28.98 36 112 €0

13.08 30 16 60

30.87 66 64

81.80 54 72 120 204 238

37.41 42 56 70 60

21 32

84 48 10 18 12 1028.50

:: 23:::: MEX:

:::: : : :

1000::::

30 48

48

20 12

72

$4 80

58::::::::

64 80 57

*:::::::::::::::::::::

12 | 22.50

20

93 168

BE::::::::::::::::

2419.50 38 1,50 30 122.50

2

26 9,00

·

7.53

0.37

17.87 75.87 91.67 329.67 35.26 139.26

132.30 23.07 99.23 36.25 156.25

7.81 148.44 37.11 111.33 32.28 136.28 6.81 1:9.47 32.86 97.11 35.41 265.91 13.29 252.62 63,15 189.47 60.88 228.88 11.44 217.44 54.36 163.08 20.04 88.64 4.43 84.21 21.05 63.16 61.07 530,57 26.52 22.55 240.05 12.00 33.59 330.09 16.50

98.11

762.11 38.10 54.34 422.34 87.04 1,146.04 20.96 246.96 29.19 179.19 19.15 119.15

7.53

105.64 26.41 79.23

241.49 60.37 181.12 35.10 216.10 10.80 205.30 51.32 153.98 13.28 39.28 1.96 $7.32 9.33 27.99 32.38 97.88 4.89 92.99 23.24 36.00 175.60 35.30 151.30

69.75 8.78 166.82 41.70 125,12 7.56 143.74 35.93 107,81 4.40

$3.60 20.90 62.70 3.79 72.08 18.02 54.06 16.48 313.19 78.29 234.90

6.96

97.13 507.13 25.35 65.37 335.37 16.76 318.61 68.81 330.81 16.54 314.27 78.56 38.09 214.08 10.70 203.39 50.84 81.27 457.27 22.86 434.41 108.60 62.90 310.90 15.54 295.36 73.84 67.67 307.67

15.38 292.29 73.07 219.22 71.14 309.14 15.45 293.69

73.42 220,27 14.96 69.96 3.49 66.47 16.61 49.86 77.65 407.65 20.38 387.27

$6.81 290.46 44.68 246.68 12.33 234.35 58.58 175.77 35.20 195.20 9.76 185.44 46.36 139,08 $1.86 103.36 5.16 98.20 24.55

73.65 17.18 71.18

3.55 67.63 16.90 50.73 62.60 258.60 12.93 245.67 61.41 184.20 45.87 159.87 7.99 151.88 37.97 113.81 26.64 139.14 6.95 132.19 33.04 99.15 29.13 119.63 5.98 113.65 28.41 85.24 37.82 254.82 12.74 242.08 60.52 181.56 6.10 115.97 28.99 86.98 3.09 58.83 14.70

44.13 324.10 81.02 243.08 6.98 132.70 33.17 99.53 9.81 186,39 46,59 139.80 19.00 361,17 90,29 270,88 41.10 291.60 14.58 277,02 69.25 -207.77 41.62 260.12 13.00 247.12 61.78 185.34 8.03 152.62 38.15 114.47 8.15 154.96 38.74 116.22 3.36 63,84 15.96 47.88 5.56 254.20 12.71

481.78

120.44

361.34

79.65 238.96

235.78

152.53

325,81

221,52

504,05 126.01 228.05

378,04

57,01

171.04

313.59 78 39

235.20

724.01

181.00 21.11 401.23 100.30

57.0 1,088.74 272.18 816.56

12.54 234,62 58.65 175,97 8.95 170.24 42.56 127.68 5.95 113.20

543.01

300.93

28.30 84.90

7.16

1,79

5.37

176.20 2,078.20

103.91 1,974.29

493.7 1,480.72

94 63.00 12 1819.50 6 50 39.00 1 18 36.00 1

24.76 258.76 12.68 241,08 143.69 1,262.69 63.1 1,199.56

60.27

180.81

6

4.50

12

4.50

7.50

11

* Less Reduction 5 per cent.

+ $31.49 Forfeited to Government.

‡ Deducted $24 by C.S.O, 849 of 1892.

See C.S.O. 2854 of 1892,

TOTAL,..

899.67 27.60 331.J0 16.55 314,55 78.63 235,92 43.42 56::.42 28.17 $35,25 133.81 401.44 43.02 414.62 20.73 393.89 98.47 295.42 28.98 247.48 12.37 235.11 58.77 176.34 13.08 136.58 6.82 129.76 32.44 0.32 30.87 310,37 15.51

294.86 73.71 221.15 81.80 982.80 49.14 933.66 233.41 700.25 37.41 486.91 24.34 462.57 115.64 346.93

$24,783.03 1,238.75 23,544.28 5,854.24 17,658.55

299.89

371

TABLE XIV.--PERCENTAGE of SCHOLARS who passed in the GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLs during the last two Years.

No.

Name of School.

1892.

1891.

Increase.

Decrease.

123 H10 CO 1-∞ ©

American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys),.

44.78

$3.07

38.29

11

""

Station Terrace (Boys),

88.23

95.55

7.32

13

Hinglung Lane (Boys),

80.32

98.18

17.86

19

Queen's Road West (Boys),

75.55

93.33

17.78

8

**

10

11

";

12

">

";

Basel Mission, Shamshuipò (Boys),..

::

Tokwáwán (Boys),

C. M. S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),.

Lyndhurst Terrace, (Boys),

Pottinger Street (Boys),

Háwán (Girls),

69.56

89.47

19.91

Graham Street (Girls),

56.66

52.17

4.49

52.38

77.77

25.39

Shaukiwán (Boys),

81.08

100.00

18.92

72.22

53.84

18.39

80.32

94.20

13.88

88.00

86.00

2,00

75.00

97.36

22.36

13

""

Saiyingpún (Boys),

84.21

93 02

8.81

14

""

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls),

$2.35

77.77

4.58

15

27

Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),

88.88

97.22

8.34

16

97

Third Street (Girls),

80.00

100.00

20.00

17

""

Yaumati (Mixed),

63.15

66.66

3.51

18

,,

Hunghom (Girls),

96.15

100.00

3.85

19

Quarry Bay (Girls),

100.00

......

20

F. E. S., Bonham Road, Chinese Division (Girls),

73.91

85.71

11.80

21

""

High Street (Girls),

100.00

79.31

20.69

22

23

24

1/25

26

"

Queen's Road West (Girls),

80.95

87.50

6.55

29

Hollywood Road (Girls),

89.47

84.37

5.10

"

Pottinger Street (Girls),

76.47

80.00

3.53

19

"

27

28

29

""

30

31

32

""

33

""

Stanley School (Girls),

Shaukiwán (Girls),.. Tókwáwán (Girls),

L. M. S., Square Street (Boys)..

Wántsai Chapei (Loys),.. Yaumáti, (Boys),

Shektongtsui (Boys),

Saiyingpún, I. Division (Boys),

"

II.

"

50.00

81.25

31.25

82.50

85.18

2.68

81.81

95.44

97.59

2.15

84.61

91.17

6.56

72.85

90.47

17.65

86.84

94.44

7.60

86.51

91 95

5.44

(Boys),

77.27

90.90

13.63

34

"?

Hunghòm (Boys),.

76.92

94.00

7.08

35

""

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

87.93

95.91

7.98

36

""

Shektongtsui (Girls),

61,53

81.25

19.72

37

99

Saiyungpún (Girls),

76.47

79.47

3.00

38

11

Ui-hing Lane, I. Division

(Girls), .......

86.48

89.74

3.26

39

11.

11

**

(Girls),

87.87

40

*

41

""

42

"}

43

44

"

"

45

"

46

??

47

29

48

"

49

3"

50

"

51

""

52

""

53

11

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

54

55

56

>>

57

22

58

59

"

60

??

61

97

62

""

63

""

64

65

67

">

68

""

Fletcher Street (Girls), Tanglungchau (Boys), Shaukiwán (Boys),... Taikok-tsui (Boys),.... Square Street (Girls),.......... Li Yuen Street (Girls), D'Aguilar Street (Girls), Third Street (Boys), Bowrington (Girls), Kau-u-fong (Girls),

Stanley Street (Girls),

Tanglungchau (Girls),.

Taipingshán Chapel (Girls),

Wántsai Chapel (Girls),

Staunton Street (Girls),

R. C. M., Cathedral School (Boys),

Bridges Street, Chinese School (Girls), Hollywood Road, Charitable School (Girls), Holy Infancy School, I. Division (Boys),

"

Yaumati (Girls),..... Shaukiwan (Girls),....

Hunghòm (Girls),

66 Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),

Wellington Street (Boys),

""

44.82

70.27

25.45

68.75

96.87

28.12

70.49

100.00

29.51

70.20

89.28

19.08

88.46

80.00

8.46

90.47

100.00

9.53

88.09

51.42

14

91.66

93.83

89.13

4.70

100.00

93.93

87.50

6.43

70.11

95.18

25.07

95.12

100.00

4.88

88.88

94.23

5.35

86.66

92,50

5.84

Saiyingpún, Second Street East (Girls); Wongnaichung (Girls),

100.00

91.75

8.25

92.85

57.89

90.00

32.11

84.21

87.03

2.82

78.78

97.82

19.04

69.23

78.57

9.34

II.

25

(Girls):

75.00

85.00

10.00

94.11

100.00

5.89

93.75

75.86

17.89

76.19

72.22

3.97

72.22

69.23

2.99

74.67

76.74

2.07

""

(Girls),

65.51

86.11

20.60

69

"

"

Lascar Row (Girls),

80.00

70

"

"

Wantsai (Boys).....

93.10

71

19

11

Upper Graham Street (Girls),.

66.66

72

Lascar Row (Boys),

66.03

Ka

73

""

Kennedy Town (Boys),

75.00

74

Basel Mission, High Street (Girls),..

96.66

100.00

3.34

75

Berlin Mission (Girls),

95.00

95.00

76

C. M. S., Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls),

94.11

95.12

1.01

77

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School (Boys),

93.87

85.29

8.58

78

St. Paul's College School (Boys),,

97.67

96.29

1.38

79

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),....

97.01

97.22

0.21

80

F. E. S., Bonham Road, English Division (Girls),

90.00

93.75

3.75

81

L. M. S., Taipingshan (Boys),

87.75

82

**

Third Street (Boys),

100.00

$3

Stewart English School (Boys),

Failed

84

་་

>>

>>

86

High School (Boys)..

87

88

19

89

.

90

་་

91

92

"

93

"

94

95

*

::

""

R. C. M., St. Joseph's College, Chinese Division (Boys),

Italian Convent, English Division (Girls),

Bridges Street, English Division (Girls),.....

St. Francis' Portuguese Division (Girls),

English Division (Girls),

Victoria Portuguese School (Mixed),

English School (Boys),

100.00

European Division (Boys),

95.13

93.05

2.08

93.75

88.46

5.29

93.45

95.34

1.89

Portuguese Division (Girls),

100.00

92.00

8.00

92.98

87.87

5.11

Portuguese Division (Girls),

89.13

77.35

11.78

100.00

93.54

6.46

100.00

100.00

88.88

100.00

11.12

93.15

100.00

6.85

(Girls),

100.00

100.00

372

TABLE XV. PERCENTAGE of PASSES in the various subjects in which the GRANT-IN-AID SCHOOLS were examined in 1892,

Class of

School.

Name of School.

Writing Arith- Reading. or Com- position.

metic.

Gram- Geogra mar. phy.

History.

Repeti- Expla- tion. nation.

>>

11

21

+1

29

??

3

"1

"

>>

"

"

I

American Board Mission, Bridges Street (Boys),.

"

Station Terrace (Boys), Hing-lung Lane (Boys), Queen's Road West (Boys).. Hawán (Girls),

Graham Street (Girls),..

Basel Mission, Shamshuipò (Boys),

C. M. S., St. Stephen's Chinese School (Boys),

71.01

43.47

...

Failed.

98.55 94.11

100.00

85.29

100.00

100.00

96.72 77.04

100.00

96.72

100.00

97.77 62.22

100.00

100.00

100.00

86.98

82.60

100.00

100.00

$7.50

90.00

63.03

66.66

100.00

100.00

73.80

45.23

100.00

92.85

60.00

Shaukiwán (Boys),

100.00

59.45

100.00

100.00

100.00

Tokwáwán (Boys),

94.44

61.11

100.00

100.00

100.00

73.77

100.00

100.00 100.00

Lyndhurst Terrace (Boys),

98.00

88.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

13

Pottinger Street (Boys),

100.00

72.22

100.00

100.00 100.00

""

Saiyingpún (Boys),

97.36 73.68

100.00

100.00 100.00

""

"}

St. Stephen's Baxter Memorial (Girls),.

100.00

76.47

Failed.

100.00 100.00

Lyndhurst Terrace (Girls),

100.00

86.11

100.00

100.00

100.00

??

Third Street (Girls),

100.00

75.00

85.71

100.00

100.00

31

11

Yaumáti (Mixed),

84.21

47.36

94.73

100.00

Hunghom (Girls),

100.00

96.15

100.00

100.00

Quarry Bay (Girls),

100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00

"

F. E. S., Bonham Road, Chinese Division (Girls),

100.00

78.26

92.85

95.65

»

»

High Street (Girls),

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00/

95.45

100.00

!!

Queen's Road West (Girls),

100.00

85.71

66.66

100.00

90.00

"

"

"?

99

Hollywood Road (Girls),

Pottinger Street (Girls),. Stanley School (Girls), Shaukiwán (Girls), Tokwáwán (Girls),

L. M. S., Square Street (Boys),

100.00 89.47

100.00 100.00

100.00 64.70

100,00

100.00 100.00

75.00

57.14

100.00

100.00 100.00

100.00

65.55

$5.71

100.00 100.00

98.96

98.96

90.00

100.00

100.00

Wantsai Chapel (Boys),

96.92

83.07

100.00

98.46 100.00

#1

";

Yaumáti (Boys),

92.85

71.42

60.00

95.71

80.00

19

"

Shektongtsui (Boys),.

97.36

86.84

100.00

100.00

...

,,

"

Saiyingpún I Division (Boys),

98.87

89.88

33.33

100.00

100.00

(Boys),

96.96

66.66

100.00

100.00 100.00

Hunghom (Boys),

93.84

72.30

100,00

100.00 100.00

Hospital Chapel (Boys),

91.37

93.10

100,00

100.00 100.00

$1

"

Shektongtsui (Girls),

100.00

53.84

100,00

100.00

100.00

19

19

Saiyingpún (Girls),

100.00

74.11

100.00

100.00

96.66

19

21

Ui-hing Lane I Division (Girls),

94.59

81.08

100,00

97.29

100.00

II

"

(Girls),

96.96

87.87

$0.00

100.00

100.00

??

Fletcher Street (Girls),.

93.10 41.37

33.33

100.00

100.00

"

Tanglungchau (Boys),

81.25

62.50

100.00 100.00

"

33

Shaukiwan (Boys),

96.72

70.89

66.66

100.00 100.00

12

Taikoktsui (Boys),

100.00

57.44

100.00 100.00

99

39

Square Street (Girls),

100.00

80.76

100.00

100.00

100.00

19

19

Li Yuen Street (Girls)....

100.00 76.19

100.00

100.00

100.00

""

25

D'Aguilar Street (Girls),

100.00

90.48

$0.00

94.73

100.00

Third Street (Boys);

94.28

48.57

100.00

100.00

100.00

}:

Bowrington (Girls),

100.00

66.66

100.00

39

Kau-u-fong (Girls),

100.00

97.91

90.00

100.00 100,00

Stanley Street (Girls),

100.00

90.47

100.00

100.00 100.00

11

Tanglungchau (Girls),

100.00

93.93

100.00

100.00

100.00

19

Taipingshán Chapel (Girls),

94.25 74.71

100.00

100.00

92,59

""

Aberdeen Street (Girls),

100.00

92.68

100.00

100.00

100.00

11

>>

Wantsai Chapel (Girls),

97.77

84.14

100.00

100.00 100.00

11

Staunton Street, (Girls),

100.00

83.33

100.00

100.00 100.00

">

"

Saiyingpún, Second Street East (Girls),

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00

"

Wongnaichung (Girls),

100.00 92.85

100.00

"

R. C. M., Cathedral School (Boys),..

97.36

50.00

100.00 100.00

>>

19

>>

+

"

Bridges Street, Chinese School (Girls),.................... Hollywood Road, Charitable School (Girls),. Holy Infancy School, I Division (Boys),...

97.36

76.31

100.00

100.00 100.00

100.00

78.78

100.00

100.00 100.00

92.30

53.84

Failed.

100.00

100.00

II

99

9)

"}]

(Girls),

100.00

62.50

100.00

100.00

"

Yaumati (Girls),

94.11

100.00

100.00 100.00

""

19

11

"

Hunghom (Girls), .

"}

"T

17

"

Shaukiwan (Girls),

Wesleyan Mission, Spring Gardens (Boys),

Wellington Street (Boys),

77

93.33

93.33

100.00 100.00

100.00

71.42

100.00 100.00

88.88 66.66

94.44

97.46

70.88

100.00

100.00

91.30

(Girls),

82.76

62.07

100.00

11

11

Lascar Row (Girls),.

100.00

76.66

100.00

100.00

100.00

وو

}}

"J

Wantsai (Boys),......

100.00

89.65

100.00

"

Upper Graham Street (Girls),

95.55 73.33

92.85

97.77 100.00

??

Lascar Row (Boys),........

100.00 62.26

50.00

19

"?

IV

??

St. Paul's College School (Boys),

"

III Basel Mission, High Street (Girls),

Berlin Mission (Girls),

St. Stephen's Anglo-Chinese School (Boys),

Diocesan Home and Orphanage (Boys),

Kennedy Town (Boys),

100.00 70.00

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00 93.33 98.33

100.00

100.00

...

100.00 80.00

95.00

100.00

90.00

95.23 100.00

C. M. S., Victoria Home and Orphanage (Girls),

100.00

100.00

"

F. E. S., Bonham Road, English Division (Girls),

""

L. M. S. Taipingshan (Boys),

Third Street (Boys),

D

**

11

"3

++

":

European,

17

High School (Boys),

!!

و

33

":

"1

""

"

+9

17

>>

17

**

وو

Stewart English School (Boys),

R.C.M., St. Joseph's College Chinese Division (Boys),..

Italian Convent, English Division (Girls),.

Portuguese Division (Girls), Bridges Street, English Division (Girls),....

Portuguese Division (Girls),.

St. Francis, Portuguese Division (Girls),.

English.

""

Victoria, Portuguese School (Mixed),

English School (Boys),

Failed

94.11 94.11 85.29 89.79 89.79 97.33 93.02 93.75 100.00 97.01

98.50 95.83 100.00 90.00 95.00 81.25 100.00 100.00

87.75 100.00 100.00 93.33 100.00

50.00 Failed Failed

100.00

100.00

94.11

100.00

100.00

97.05

100.00

...

100.00

...

...

...

(Boys),.

100.00

93.0%

91.66

100.00

93.75

96.93 100.00 93.75 87.50 100.00

99.06

85.98

85.98

100.00 100.00

86.66

100.00 84.30 100.00 93.47

100.00

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00 100.00 94.91 100.00 100.00 100.00 94.73 100.00 78.26 100.00

100.00

(Girls),

100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00

97.22 88.88 91.66

100.00

100.00

100.00

19

(Girls),

100.00

97.26 100.00

93.15 100.00

91,55 100.00 100.00 100.00

100.00 100.00

TABLE XVI.-NUMBER of UNEDUCATED CHILDREN in the Colony in 1892.

Estimated Number of Children of local school-age (6 to 16 years) in the Colony

Boys,

Girls,

....16,322

.14,665

30,987

Number of Scholars attending Public Schools under Government :-

Boys,

Girls,

5,781

2,942

8,723

Number of Scholars attending Private Schools, about :-

Boys,

Girls,

1,868

349

2,217

10,940

Remaining uneducated or imperfectly educated,....................

20,047

373

No. 1.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 11th January, 1893.

49

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

"

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART).

""

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-Innes). the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

>>

"

""

""

3

25

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

The Committee meet at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting held on the 30th November, 1892, were read and confirmed. Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

C.S.O. 2874 of 1892.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of £500 to cover the cost of show cases, the pay of an attendant to arrange exhibits, and other expenses, in connection with a proposed representation of the resources of Hongkong at the Imperial Institute to be opened in May next.

Government House, Hongkong, 3rd January, 1893.

The Committee unanimously agreed that the vote be passed.

The Committee is then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed on the 5th April, 1893.

Laid before the Legislative Council on the 25th January, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Chairman.

No. 2.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 5th April, 1893.

51

C.S.O.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

X

>>

""

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS Alfred Cooper).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

""

>>

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

""

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 11th January, 1893, were read and confirmed. Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

2935 of 1892.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Nineteen thousand, Three hundred and Nineteen Dollars and Forty-eight Cents, ($19,319.48), for the construction of new roads at Kowloon.

This item is made up as follows:-

Re-vote of unexpended balance of last year's vote of $10,000,.....$ 4,319.48 Additional vote asked for,

... 15,000.00

$19,319.48

Government House, Hongkong, 1st April, 1893.

The Committee unanimously agreed that the vote be passed.

The Committee is then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed on the 25th May, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Chairman.

No. 3.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 25th May, 1893.

53

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

""

>>

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART).

>>

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES). the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

**

**

**

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Honourable CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

">

ABSENT:

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 5th ultimo, were read and confirmed.

Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor

C.S.O.

738 of 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sun of Thirteen thousand Dollars. ($13,000), for the extension of MacDonnell and Austin Roads at Kowloon.

Government House, Hongkong, 15th April, 1893.

The Committee unanimously agreed that the vote be passed.

The Committee is then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed on the 19th June, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

W. M. GOODMAN,

Chairman.

No. 4.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 19th June, 1893.

t

55

C.S.O.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN), Chairman.

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHEll-Innes).

>>

77

19

";

"9

19

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

The Committee met at the request of the Attorney General.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 25th ultimo, were read and confirmed. Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor :-

1224 of 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to re-vote the sum of Six thousand Dollars, ($6,000), being the unexpended portion of the Government contribution to the reclamation in front of Marine Lots Nos. 95, 98 and 105.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th June, 1893.

The Committee unanimously agreed that the vote be passed,

The Committee then adjourned.

Read and confirmed on the 29th August, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Chairman.

No. 5.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 29th August, 1893.

57

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL OBRIEN, C.M.G.), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

C.S.O.

""

""

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

""

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

>>

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

11

,,

""

19

"?

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNStone KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD. EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Committee met at the request of the Colonial Secretary.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 19th June last, were read and confirmed.

(1) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor.

1717 of 1893.

C.S.O.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six hundred Dollars, ($600), being the cost of furniture for Government House.

Government House, Hongkong, 27th July, 1893.

The Committee unanimously agreed that the vote be passed.

(2) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor.

1603 of 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to re-vote the sum of Eighty thousand Dollars, ($80,000), being part of the sum voted in 1892, as the Government Contribution to the Praya Reclamation Fund.

Government House, Hongkong, 10th August, 1893.

The Committee unanimously agreed that the vote be passed.

(3) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor.

C.S.O. 1813 of 1893.

C.S.O.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five thousand Dollars, ($5,000), for repairs to Public Buildings.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th August, 1893.

The Committee unanimously agreed that the vote be passed.

(4) Read the following Minute under the hand of His Excellency the Governor.

1813 of 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand and Five hundred Dollars, ($1,500), for repairs of Roads in Kowloon.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th August, 1893.

The Committee unanimously agreed that the vote be passed. The Committee then adjourned.

Read and confirmed on the 13th December, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

G. T. M. OBRIEN,

Chairman.

i

No. 6.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

FINANCE COMMITTEE,

AT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,

On the 13th December, 1893.

59

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL OBRIEN, C.M.G.), Chairman.

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

">

">

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

>>

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

י,

وو

EDWARD BOWDLER.

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

""

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

27

ABSENT:

The Honourable THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

The Committee met pursuant to notice.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 29th August last, were read and confirmed. The Committee then proceeded to consider the Bill to apply a sum not exceeding Two Millions Three hundred and Forty-seven thousand, Two hundred and Forty-five Dollars to the Public Service of the Year 1894.

At the suggestion of the Chairman, the following items were amended :

Registrar General's Department,

Harbour Master's Department,

...from $24,906 to $24,726. ...........from $60,791 to $60,707.

The several items on the Bill, subject to the above amendments, were unanimously agreed to, making a total of $2,346,981.

The Committee next proceeded to consider the Bill to authorise the Appropriation of a Supple- mentary Sum of Two hundred and Thirty-five thousand One hundred and Eleven Dollars and Ninety-three Cents to defray the Charges of the Year 1892.

The several items on the Bill were unanimously agreed to.

The Committee then adjourned.

Read and confirmed on the 27th August, 1894.

J. G. T. BUCKLE, Acting Clerk of Councils.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

95

No.

my

93

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FIRE BRIGADE FOR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency. the Governor, on the 8th March, 1893.

No. 3.

FIRE BRIGADE DEPARTMENT,

HONGKONG, 1st February, 1893.

:

SIR,I have the honour to present the following report of the Fire Brigade Department for the year 1892.

The Brigade was called out for the extinction of fires on sixteen occasions. This number though not excessive was double that of the year before. None of the fires attained very serious proportions, though in one instance property to the extent of about forty thousand dollars was destroyed.

In addition to the fires requiring the attendance of the Brigade, there were eighty-three alarms, the fires in such cases being either non-existent or extinguished before headway was made.

Ten of the sixteen fires were made the subject of Magisterial enquiries. I am of opinion that these enquiries continue to have a wholesome deterrent effect and check the great temptation to arson held out by the insuring facilities of the Colony.

Advantage has been taken of the supply of water afforded by the street hydrants to gradually introduce a change into the tactics of the Brigade as regards the general arrangements for the suppres- sion of fires, and to place reliance upon the street hydrants rather than upon the steam fire engines.

The appliance at present in use for this purpose is known as the Fire Despatch Box, its merits consisting in its handiness which enables it to be worked by one man at the same time that it is supplied with three hundred feet of hose and all the appliances necessary for immediate use of the street hydrants.

They have during the year been gradually increased in number without extraordinary expenditure, and now number fourteen. They are situated in the following places:

No. 1 Police Station.

Engine-house in Wanchai Road. Royal Naval Yard.

Clock Tower.

Central Police Station.

No. 9 Police Station,

Engine-house in Hollywood Road.

Man Mo Temple.

Government Civil Hospital.

No. 7 Police Station.

-

Nam Pak Hong Engine-house in Bonham Strand.

The Gas Works Premises.

Central Fire Brigade Station.

Their number is being further added to as opportunity offers.

For fire purposes the Town is divided into three districts: Western, Central and Eastern; the Western extending eastwards as far as the Harbour Office, the Central extending eastwards as far as the City Hall, and the remainder of the Town forming the Eastern District.

The particular district in which a fire has broken out is notified to the Brigade by the Fire bells; three strokes signifying the Western District, two strokes the Central District, and one the Eastern District.

In order to obviate the possible danger that might arise from denuding the Central District of its firemen and fire appliances, upon the occasion of a fire in the Eastern District, special arrangements are made for fires in the latter district according to which a certain number of men are told off each month for the purpose of attending at fires at Wanchai, the remainder being kept in the Central District unless the exceptional magnitude of the fire requires their attendance.

Although it is a long time since a fire of extraordinary magnitude took place I do not disguise from myself the possibility of its occurrence and circumstances might arise which would extend the area of the flames beyond the control of the limited number of men that belong to the Brigade. Promptitude in attendance and care in having in readiness the necessary arrangements for extending the operations are the best preventives against the spread of a fire.

The Assistant Superintendentship of the Fire Brigade has, during the past year, been mainly filled by Mr. Chief Inspector MATHIESON who has proved himself a valuable acquisition to the Brigade.

The thanks of the Brigade are also due to Mr. KINGHORN, the Engineer, under whose supervision the engines are kept in excellent order, and to Mr. CAMPBELL, Assistant Engineer, who has the important work of generally superintending the up-keep of the gear and of attending to the proper carrying out of the orders in force for the general arrangements that have been made for the guidance of the Brigade.

The clerical work of the Department, which requires considerable care and attention, has been admirably performed by Mr. CHAU SHAU, than whom it would be impossible to find a more painstaking and trustworthy officer.

The conduct of the Brigade throughout the year has been satisfactory.

I have the honour to enclose Mr. KINGHORN's report on the state of the Engines together with the Return of Fires and Alarms.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Superintendent, Fire Brigade.

HONGKONG, 19th January, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward my report on the state of the Government Fire Engines for the year ending 31st December, 1892.

STEAMER No. 1.

(Floating Engine) by Merryweather & Sons.

This Engine has been 26 years in service, during the year it has not been disabled at a fire, but on the 2nd December, while testing the Boiler under Hydraulic pressure, the tubes gave way, and they had all to be renewed, and the Boiler repaired, the time occupied by these repairs was ten days, and the Engine and Boiler are now in good order.

STEAMER NO. 3.

Land Engine by Shand & Mason.

This Engine has been 14 years in service, during the year it has been carefully overhauled, and has done its work well; it has not been disabled at a fire and is now in good order.

STEAMER No. 4.

This Engine has been 11 years in service, during the year it has been overhauled and put in good order; it has not been disabled at a fire and is now in good working order.

STEAMER No. 5.

Land Engine by Shand & Mason.

This Engine has been 7 years in service, it has been carefully overhauled during the year, and required no repairs; it has not been disabled at a fire and is now in good order and condition.

STEAMER No. 6.

This Engine has been 14 years in service, (9 years in Volunteer Brigade), during the year the Boiler has been carefully overhauled and the working pressure reduced; it has not been disabled at a fire and is now in good order.

MANUAL ENGINES.

Nine Manual Engines are all in good order.

The Assistant Engineer and Engine drivers have done their work during the year to my satisfac- tion, and have promptly attended the calls on the Fire Department.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Esq., C.M.G.,

Superintendent,

Government Fire Brigade.

JOHN W. KINGHORN, Engineer, Government Fire Brigade.

1

No.

DATE.

TIME.

SITUATION OF FIRE.

FIRES AND ALARMS, 1892.

No, of

BUILDINGS

DESTROYED.

DAMAGE.

Wholly. Partly.

Trifling

Accidental.

Unknown.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

1 Jan.

2

""

""

"

5

10,

""

10,

257700

....

House No. 32, Hollywood Road, Grass on hillside near Mountain Lodge,

....

Trifling

7,

....

12.30 p.m.

House No. 14, Burd Street,.

House No. 78, Queen's Road West,

·

6 a.m.

House No. 9, Queen's Road Central, House No. 34, Praya Central,

Do.

A bed curtain caught fire.

$40,000

Trifling

""

7

10,

"

8 p.m.

House No. 16, Tsz Mi Lane,

8

11,

1.30 p.m.

House No. 4, Ezra Lane,.

12,

""

2 p.m.

10

13,

4.30 a.m.

House No. 28, Battery Street, Yaumati, House No. 146, Bonham Strand,

$8,000

11

15,

"

7 p.m.

12

15,

"

11.30 p.m.

13

16,

2.30 a.m.

14

16,

3.30 p.m.

A stonecutter's matshed at Kennedy Town, House No. 140, Third Street,.

House No. 528, Queen's Road West,. House No. 41, Staunton Street,

$100

.

$6,000

Trifling

""

15

16,

3.20 a.m.

16

21,

4.15 p.m.

A certain house in Western District, House No. 81, High Street,

A bed curtain accidentally caught fire. Unknown, ....

Do.

....

Overheating of a stove.

Overheating of a stove pipe,

A basket of coffee beans accidentally caught fire.

Old bags accidentally caught fire. Upsetting of a kerosine lamp.

Unknown Spontaneous combustion of coal.

Trifling

Unknown, Supposed arson.

Wooden partition accidentally caught fire.

Unknown,

Insured in Messrs. Reuter, Bröckelmann & Co. for $45,000.

Insured in Messrs. Hewett & Co. for $10,000.

Insured in the Hongkong Fire Insurance Company for $12,000. False alarm.

··

1

$100

Do.

17

24,

2.40 p.m.

S.S. Haiphong in Victoria Harbour,

$25

Do.

"9

18

28,

5.30 a.m.

House No, 54, Jardine's Bazaar,.

Slight

19

31,

3 p.m.

20 Feb. 21,

2 a.m.

Houses Nos. 28 and 29, Battery Street, Yaumati, House No. 24, Wellington Street,

A bed curtain caught fire.

Spontaneous combustion of coal.

Trifling

Unknown.

21

23,

11.40 p.m.

A house (unnumbered) in Mong Kok,

Do.

Do.

""

22

25,

11.50 p.m.

A matshed at the Naval Camp, Kowloon,

Do.

Do.

23

29,

8 p.m.

A stack of grass at Shaukiwan,

$50

Do.

24 | March 3,

7.30 p.m.

12.30 p.m.

A matshed at the Naval Range, Stone Cutters' Island,

$60

Do.

A

25

4,

26

6,

4 p.m.

27

6,

4.30 a.m.

"

28

13,

....

"

29

""

13,

30

13,

1 a.m.

""

31

14,

""

4 p.m.

32

20,

26,

No. 7, Central Market,

Trifling

Do.

33

34

""

""

"

2::

27,

7.45 p.m.

10 a.m.

4.40 p.m.

8.15 p.m.

....

35

30,

""

36 | April 1,

37

4,

38

5,

39

10,

10.40

"

p.m.

A room in the D Block Military Barracks,

Grass on hillside at Magazine Gap,

House No. 95, Queen's Road West,

No. 34, Square Street,.

Grass on hillside at Mount Kellett,

House No. 368, Queen's Road West,

A matshed in Coffee Plantation,... Chimney of House No. 23, Centre Street, House No. 26, Sai Woo Lane,.

Grass on hillside at Tai Tam Tuk, Grass on hillside above Deep Bay,..

House No. 17, Queen's Road West,

House No. 78, Jardine's Bazaar,

Do.

Overheating of a boiler.

$200

Unknown.

Do.

Trifling

Do.

House No. 16, Chinese Street,

Slight

Overheating of a furnace for drying

A bed curtain caught fire. [tobacco.

Unknown.

Do.

Trifling

Do.

$200

Accidental.

Unknown.

$1,000

Upsetting of a lamp,

....

::

Unknown.

Firing of crackers while worshipping

at the tombs.

$400

Unknown,

Insured in Messrs. Schellhass & Co. for $3,000.

Insured in Messrs. Hewett & Co. for $2,500.

97

FIRES AND ALARMS, 1892,—Continued.

No. of

98

No.

DATE.

TIME.

40 April 11,

.9.20 p.m.

41.

15,

BUILDINGS

SITUATION OF FIRE.

DESTROYED.

DAMAGE.

Wholly. Partly.

House No. 104, Queen's Road West,.

House No. 37, Kennedy Street, Yaumati,

1

$1,500

Unknown.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

""

42

23,

"

9.45 p.m.

A matshed in Tung Lo Wan,

$60

$300

43

27,

3.30 a.m.

House No. 26, West Street,.

Trifling

Burning of Joss paper.

44 May

2,

6.30 p.m.

House No. 8, Fuk Tsun Heung,.

i

$100

Bursting of a kerosine lamp,

45

3,

House No. 148, Third Street,

Trifling

Supposed arson,

46

47

བ་ ཆུ བ

5,

9,

"

10 p.m.

11.45 p.m.

48

18,

11 p.m.

"

49

18,

""

50

22,

House No. 17, Tank Lane,

""

*

51

52 June 21,

23,

2.15 a.m.

10 a.m.

8.50 p.m.

A Fishing Junk lying in Aberdeen Harbour,

House No. 16, Station Street,

A stack of grass at Shaukiwan,

A stack of grass at Hung Hom,

Chimney of House No. 29, Graham Street,.

$5

Unknown.

Carelessness with lighted match.

Mosquito curtain accidentally caught

fire.

One man was burnt to death and 2 others injured.

Papers saturated with kerosine oil found in different parts of the house.

were

Upsetting of a kerosine lamp.

$30

Unknown.

$10

Do.

$250

Do.,

Not insured.

Trifling

Do.

1.30 p.m.

House No. 29, Centre Street,

1

$100

Do.,

Not insured.

53

28,

""

6 p.m.

54 July

3,

2.15 a.m.

House No. 15, Station Street, Yaumati,.. House No. 91, Wing Lok Street,

Do.

....

....

$5,000

+

""

""

55

56

57

58 Aug. 6,

3,

Grass on hillside at Magazine Gap,

6,

11.30 p.m.

House No. 324, Queen's Road Central,

17,

9.45 p.m.

House No. 31, Praya, Kennedy Town,

1.45' a.m.

Messrs. Marinburk & Co's Furniture Store, at Wanchai,

59

10,

9 a.m.

House No. 87A, Praya East,

$10

Trifling

Do.

39

60

18,

"

10.40 p.m.

House No. 49, Queen's Road West,

$300

61

21,

12.05 a.m.

House No. 48, Queen's Road West,

62

31,

....

House No. 76, Praya East,

63 Sept. 15,

64

15,

.""

65

18,

66

67

"

19

23,

2 a.m.

28,

"

8 p.m.

68 Oct. 6,

6.30 a.m.

69

11,

7 p.m.

70

11,

5.20 p.m.

1.05 a.m.

11.10 a.m.

11.30 a.m.

A matshed at Kun Chung, British Kowloon,.. A wooden hut No. 86, Ma Ti, British Kowloon, British S.S. Tai On in Victoria Harbour,..

House No. 43, West Street,.

House No. 325, Queen's Road Central,

A stack of straw at Tin Wan, Aberdeen, House No. 80, Praya East,

House No. 80, Queen's Road West,

:

$3,000

4

2

$4,000

$475

$5

Trifling

Carelessness while baking cakes,.. Playing with burnt grass by a child. Accidental with lighted candle while

A

searching for opium.

Do.

Breaking of a kerosine lamp.

Do.

Unknown.

Overheating of a stove for drying

tobacco,

Unknown,

Bursting of a kerosine lamp. Unknown.

Do.

Spontaneous combustion of coal. Unknown,

Upsetting of a kerosine lamp, Spontaneous combustion of coal. Unknown,

Insured in Messrs. Reuter, Bröckelmann & Co. for $5,000.

Insured in Messrs. Kruse & Co. for $1,200. Insured in the Commercial Union Fire In- surance Office for $3,000.

Insured in the Economic Fire Insurance Company for $4,000.

-

girl of 4 years of age and 13 pigs were burnt to death. 11 huts and 11 pigsties were destroyed.

Do.

Do.

71

13,

7 p.m.

House No. 48, Stanley Street,..

Upsetting of a kerosine lamp.

72

30,

6.30 p.m.

House, No. 150, Shaukiwan,

Trifling

Unknown.

73 Nov.

2,

2.45 p.m.

House No. 41, Praya Central,..

Accidental with lighted candle.

74

10,

3 a.m.

House No. 71, Queen's Road Central,

$10

Unknown.

75

""

14,

1 a.m.

Chimney of House No. 25, Possession Street,

Do.

76

""

17,

Midnight.

Grass on hillside at Aberdeen,.

Do.

No. DATE.

TIME.

FIRES AND ALARMS, 1892,-Continued.

No. of

BUILDINGS

SITUATION OF FIRE.

DESTROYED.

DAMAGE.

Wholly. Partly.

CAUSE.

REMARKS.

77

Nov. 18,

4.45 p.m.

78

18,

11.50 p.m.

""

79

19,

8.30 p.m.

A haystack at Yaumati,

""

80

19,

Midnight

""

81

27,

4.30 p.m.

""

82

Dec.

1,

2 p.m.

83

1,

11.30 p.m.

""

84

1,

"}

3.30 p.m.

Grass on hillside at Wong Nei Chung,

Grass on hillside above Magazine Gap, The Hongkong and Shanghai Bank,

House No. 82, Station Street, Yaumati,.

Grass on hillside at Tokwawan,

A haystack at Tso Pai Tsai, British Kowloon,. Wellington Barracks Wharf,

....

$28

Unknown.

$10

Trifling

Trifling

....

Unknown.

Overheating of chimney.

Accidental while worshipping. Unknown.

Playing with matches by boys. Unknown.

Do.

85

8,

8 a.m.

"

86

8,

11.20 p.m.

House No. 333, Queen's Road Central,

House No. 20, Fuk Sing Lane, Yaumati,

2

$200

Do.

Insured in Messrs. Kruse & Co. for $5,000.

1

2

$5,000

Do.,

""

87

13,

5.20 p.m.

A matshed at back of Wong Nei Chung Village,

$40

Playing with fire by a girl.

Unknown,

Several fir trees were destroyed.

88

14,

3 p.m.

Grass on hillside at Aberdeen,

Do.

>>

89

90

14,

5 p.m.

Grass on the Rifle Ranges, British Kowloon,

18,

>>

1 p.m.

91

20,

"

20,

7 a.m.

9.30 p.m.

22,

2.40 a.m.

6 a.m.

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

""

""

"

""

""

93.

"

""

24,

25,

28,

28,

30,

31,

6 p.m.

7 p.m.

3.15 p.m.

A Matshed at Yaumati,

A matshed at Tai Hang Village,.

Grass on hillside above Richmond Road,

A matshed at the Military Camp, British Kowloon,.

House No. 14, Jubilee Street,.

Do.

$10

Do.

$300

Do.

$600

Do.,

House No. 4, East Street,

House No. 18, Stanley Street,. House No. 7, Ezra Lane,.

Playing with matches by children. Upsetting of a kerosine lamp.

Unknown.

Insured in the Economic Fire Insurance Co. for $800.

:

Grass on hillside at British Kowloon, Grass on hillside at Wong Ma Kok,

Do.

Do.

$580

Do.,

19 matsheds and 4 pigstyes were destroy ed and 15 pigs burnt to death.

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Superintendent, Fire Brigade.

99

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF VICTORIA GAOL FOR 1892.

87

No.

5

200

93

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 8th February, 1893.

D. L. No. 15.

SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, VICTORIA GAOL, HONGKONG, 18th January, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward, for the information of His Excellency the Governor, the Annual Report on the Victoria Gaol for 1892.

2. During the year there were 5,231 admissions, the average number of prisoners confined in the Gaol being 515 which is a slight increase on the previous year. The daily maximum number was 595.

3. There have been 7,494 prison offences committed during the year being about 14 offences to each prisoner as compared with over 23 in 1891. The comparative returns attached show the number of the most common of these offences.

4. Nine officers have been dismissed for misconduct during the year, but the conduct of the remainder of the Gaol Staff has been satisfactory.

5. The officers' quarters are devoid of necessary comforts. There is no mess room or recreation room, and, under the existing circumstances, it is almost impossible for an officer employed on night.... duty to get proper rest during the day, he being constantly disturbed by those on day duty who are compelled to use the same room.

6. The necessity for introducing the separate system generally has been frequently urged and I would most strongly recommend its adoption. At present from the time prisoners are locked up in the evening until they are unlocked in the morning and again during the officers' meal hours, it is impossible with a limited staff to exercise proper supervision in the corridors so as to prevent prisoners communicating with each other. It is unnecessary for me to mention the incalculable amount of harm which this must do and how the deterrent effect of imprisonment is lessened thereby.

7. Extra store-room and bath accommodation are required. The latter is so limited bathing cannot be conducted properly.

8. The insufficient yard accommodation has also been repeatedly pointed out. This I regard as one of the most serious deficiencies in the Gaol and makes it a matter of the utmost difficulty to keep the various classes of prisoners separate when at work. If this were increased many more prisoners could be employed at useful and remunerative labour.

9. The female prison is badly situated. The average number of females in prison during the year was 27, and, owing to the inadequate accommodation, it frequently happens that remand prisoners have to be placed in the same ward with convicted prisoners.

10. I forward herewith the usual returns.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

H. B. LETHBRIDGE, Superintendent.

88

January, February,

March,

April,

MONTH.

May, June, July, August,

September,

October,.....

November,.........

December,

Total,...

(A.)

VICTORIA GAOL.

Return of Reports for talking, &c., in the years, 1889, 1890, 1891 and 1892.

1889.

1890.

Daily average number Daily average number

in Prison, 581.

in Prison, 566.

1891.

1892.

Daily average number | Daily average number

in Prison, 507.

in Prison, 515.

105

196

252

237

150

181

116

316

132

243

227

351

142

212

202

253

278

290

257

142

205

260

313

129

220

520

427

96

167

349

473

224

219

304

489

142

130

243

397

108

118

135

441

129

220

157

469

259

2,086

3,090

4,063

2,386

(B.)

Return of Offences reported of Prisoners fighting with or assaulting each other, or Officers, for the years 1889, 1890, 1891 and 1892.

MONTH.

1889.

1890.

1891.

in Prison, 507.

1892.

in Prison, 515.

Daily average number Daily average number | Daily average number Daily average number

in Prison, 581.

in Prison, 566.

Jannary,

1

20

February,

10

10

12 10

13

March,

11

10

April,

6

16

...

7

16

8

May,

5

9

5

39600

June,

12

9

3

July,

5

6

7

August,

13

6

17

20

September,

7

16

9

October,.....

5

6

11

9

November,...

December,..

12

12

5

7

7

5

7

10

5

Total,...

92

115

86

114

(C.)

Return of Offences of Prisoners having Tobacco, for the years 1889, 1890, 1891 and 1892.

MONTH.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

in Prison, 515.

Daily average number | Daily average number | Daily average number Daily average number

in Prison, 581.

in Prison, 566.

in Prison, 507.

January,

32

53

17

16

February,

50

24

24

19

March,

55

21

30

46

April,

21

47

20

18

May, June,.

July,

45

10

16

8

33

11

21

15

24

47

31

23

35

51

67

228

15

59

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,.

Total,..........

487

393

254

307

52

25

10

25

26

33

29

22

58

28

16

122

36

10

25

(D.)

Comparative Return of Prisoners confined in Victoria Gaol on 31st December, 1889, 31st December, 1890, 31st December, 1891, and 31st December, 1892.

CONVICTION.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1st,

2nd,

466

394

373

297

59

67

50

56

3rd,

22

26

25

27

4th,

14

23

20

19

5th,

16

16

15

11

6th,

8

8

10

7th,

2

....

8th,

9

9th,

10th,

11th,

12th, 13th,

.....

1

1

+221 :2

- --PN: Z

12

6

4

4

5

3

1

Total,............

600

549

502

441

:

(E.)

ABSTRACT OF INDUSTRIAL LABOUR, VICTORIA GAOL, FOR THE YEAR, 1892.

89.

Dr.

OAKUM.

Cr.

1892.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892, $ 904.00 1892.

By Oakum picked for Naval Yard

""

Cost of Paper Stuff purchased

1,131.55

during the year,.......

**

ور

Profit,...

511.38

during the year-Cash received, Oakum sold during the year Do., Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,

$

103.95

1,770.28

672.70

Total,...........$

2,546.93

Total,...............$

2,546.93

COIR.

1892.

"

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892, $ 451.00 1892.

Cost of Material purchased during

299.57

the year,.

Profit,.....

637.81

Total,...............$

1,388.38

RATTAN WORK.

By Matting, &c., sold during the year, $ 1,078.84

Articles made for Gaol use,.......

48.05

29

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,-

Manufactured Articles, ...$122.55 Material,.

138.94

261.49

Total,...............$

1,388.38

1892.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892,

"

Cost of Material purchased during

the year,....

$174.50

1892.

78.63

","

"

By Articles sold during the year, Articles made for Gaol use,.... Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,-

$ 174.08

15.66

Profit,.....

3.61

Manufactured Articles,...$ 65.00 Material,

Total,..

.$

256.74

2.00

67.00

Total,......... ..$

256.74

90

NET-MAKING.

1892.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892, $

22.00

1892.

Cost of Material purchased during

"

the year,....

}

57.13

Profit,.................

42.06

Total,.........

.$

121.19

TAILORING.

By Nets and Netting sold during $ 118.69

""

the year,..

Stock on hand, 31st December,

2.50

1892,

Total,...............$

121.19

1892.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892, $ 790.76 1892.

Cost of Material purchased during

2,000.54

the year,...

""

By Estimated Value of Prisoners Clothing made during the year, Work done for which cash was

received,

$ 1,381.91

112.34

Profit,......

591.02

Stock on hand, 31st December,

"

1892,-

Manufactured Articles,.$ 277.45 Material,

1,610.62

1,888.07

Total,...............$

3,382.32

Total,..............$

3,382.32

PRINTING.

1892.

To Cost of Material purchased during

the year,....

} 21.03

1892.

Profit,...

345.04

Total,...............$

366.07

BOOK-BINDING.

By Estimated Value of Printing done

during the year,.......... Work done for which cash was

received,......

""

$ 97.44

268.63

Total,...............$

366.07

1892.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892,

31

Cost of Material purchased during

$ 65.40 1892.

130.80

By Estimated Value of Book-bind-

ing done for Gaol during the

$

37.66

the year,....

Profit,.......

year,

Work done for which cash was

""

154.15

34.56

received,

""

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,-

Total,........

.........$

230.76

TIN-SMITHING.

Manufactured Articles, ...$ 5.00 Material,.

33.95

38.95

Total,..... .$

230.76

1892.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892,

1.87

1892.

""

Cost of Material purchased during

20.69

the year,......

"

Profit,.....

17.37

""

By Estimated Value of Work done (

for the Gaol during the year,. Sale of Articles and Work done ( for which cash was received,. Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,

$

31.50

2.93

5.50

Total,.........$

39.93

Total,...............$

39.93

SHOE-MAKING.

91

1892.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892, $ 54.58

1892.

"

Cost of Material purchased during

312.87

the year,..

"

Profit,..........

144.99

By Estimated Value of new Shoes issued to Gaol Officers and Prisoners, and Repairs,....... Sales and Repairs for which cash

was received,

338.99

131.80

"

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,- Manufactured Articles, Material,

.$27.50

14.15

41.65

Total,...............$

512.44

WASHING.

1892.

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892,

Cost of Material purchased during

10.00 1892.

525.56

the year,....

Profit,........

""

780.67

""

Total,.....$

512.44

By Value of Washing done during the year,--Prison Clothing at one cent per piece,................. Cash received for clothes washed, Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,

$ 1,290.50

20.73

5.00

Total,...............$

1,316.23

Total,..........$

1,316.23

CARPENTERING.

1892.

""

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892,

Cost of Material purchased during

$

47.50

167.03

1892.

the year,.

Profit,........

"

By Estimated value of Articles made for Gaol use during the year,....... Sales and Repairs for which cash

was received,

$

114.96

68.75

4.26

"

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,--

Total,.........$

218.79

Manufactured Articles, ..$14.24 Material,

20.84

35.08

Total,...............$

GRASS MAT-MAKING.

By Estimated value of Matting made för Gaol use during the year,... Matting sold for which cash was

received,

1892.

""

Cost of Material purchased during

the year,......

To Stock on hand, 1st January, 1892, | $ 20.70

1892.

102.91

Profit,........

9.77

""

19

Stock on hand, 31st December,

1892,

1892.

Total,...............$

133.38

RECAPITULATION.

$

218.79

9.00

115.98

8.40

Total,...............$

133.38

Oakum, Coir,

Rattan Work,

Net-making,..

Tailoring,

$ 511.38 637.81 3.61

1892.

By Surplus,

$ 3,122.54

42.06

591.02

Printing,

345.04

Book-binding,

34.56

Tin-smithing,

17.37

L

Shoe-making,

144.99

Washing,

780.67

Carpentering,

4.26

Grass Mat-making,.

9.77

Total,............$

3,122.54

Total,.........$

3,122.54

Profit,...........

$3,122.54.

71

No. 98

HONGKONG.

MEMORIAL RESPECTING GAOL EXTENSION.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 25th January, 1893.

SIR,

""

HONGKONG, 6th January, 1893.

We beg most respectfully to thank you for having given us an opportunity to express our views on the question of the Gaol extension-an opportunity which we gladly avail ourselves of inasmuch as we and the overwhelming majority of the other members of the Chinese community are strongly opposed to the Gaol being extended in any way for the following reasons:-

1. Because the accommodation provided by the existing buildings is ample, so much so that the prisoners have more space allowed them than they have ever had when not in prison. In a word, they are far better off in gaol than out of it.

2. Because the Gaol is already looked upon as a paradise by many a rascal, and situated as we are within a stone's throw of the Chinese territory, any exten- sion of the Gaol will certainly lead to an influx of bad characters from China.

3. Because we differ from the view of those who allege that the separate system will act as a deterrent to Chinese prisoners. We have no hesitation in saying that such an opinion must be formed through ignorance of the habits of the Chinese criminals who will be in no way deterred by having to live in separate

cells.

4. Because the gaols in China, to which the Chinese criminals who come to Hongkong have always been accustomed, cannot be in any way compared with the Gaol in Hongkong. They are so arranged that bad characters are afraid of committing crimes in case they may be lodged in them. The present Victoria Gaol does not inspire much fear, and it would inspire still less if made more com- fortable which would most certainly lead to an increase of crime, as criminals will

have no dread of entering it.

5. Because we are of the opinion that the most efficacious way to prevent persons from committing crimes in the Colony is not to enlarge the Gaol but to use more freely the power of banishment and the rattan, and to make the prisoners' life not so much a life of ease as it is at present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART Lockhart,

Registrar General.

72

In conclusion, we beg to point out that being Chinese ourselves, it is not likely that we would discourage the Government from doing anything for the real benefit of our own countrymen, which would be of advantage to the Chinese community generally. But, in the present instance, being convinced that the extension of the Gaol would bring harm to the community, and would lead to a large influx of criminals into the Colony, and a great increase in crime, we feel compelled to sincerely state our views, which, we trust, His Excellency the Governor may be pleased to consider favourably.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servants,

WEI A YUK, J.P. LAU WAI CHUN, J.P.

SEUNG SZ KAI, J.P.

IP JUCK KAI.

HO FOOK, J.P.

CHAN PAN POO.

LAW YAM CHUEN.

C. CHEE BEE, J.P.

POON PONG.

HO KAI, J.P., M.L.C. CH'AN A FOOK, J.P.

WONG SHING, J.P.

CHOW PENG, J.P.

CHEN QUAN EE, J.P.

KAW HONG TAKE, J.P.

WOO LIN YUEN, J.P.

HỌ TUNG, J.P.

J

251

No. 19

93

HONGKONG.

DESPATCH RESPECTING GAOL EXTENSION.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 1st June, 1893.

HONGKONG,

No. 53.

SIR,

DOWNING STREET,

24th March, 1893.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 340 of the 13th of December enclosing the Report of a Committee which you had appointed with a view to working out a scheme of Prison extension on the principles laid down in my predecessor's despatch of the 7th July, together with a protest from the Unofficial Members of Council against the measures proposed.

I have also received and considered your despatch No. 16 of the 20th of January, enclosing a representation from leading members of the Chinese Community, in which, as I understand, they argue that no extension of the Gaol should be undertaken. As these gentlemen take a different, and somewhat stronger line than the Unofficial Members of Council, it may be convenient that I should deal with their representation first.

I have perused their remarks with interest, but am unable to accept their views, and would most emphatically point out, that in urging the extension of the Gaol, Her Majesty's Government have not been influenced by any desire to lessen the punitive character of imprisonment. They have pressed for prison extension, mainly because, while objecting to the evils inherent to the association system, they believe that the cellular system is the only practicable basis of a deterrent prison discipline.

As regards the protest of the Unofficial Members of Council, and the Report of the Committee on which it is based, I would observe, that my predecessor's despatch appears to have been somewhat misunderstood, and to have been thought to involve larger extension than his Lordship had in mind. If his despatch is referred to, it seems plain that he would have been content with a prison accommo- dating 546 persons, of whom not all would have been in separate confinement. But the Committee have put forward a scheme providing for 612, and it is rather against this scheme than against my predecessor's despatch, that the protest must be taken to be directed. If I rightly understand the 12th paragraph of the protest, the Unofficial Members themselves are willing to concur in a very appreciable extension of the Prison accommodation, and this being so, it appears to me that they, and my predecessor, were more nearly in accord than they assumed. Further, the gratifying decrease in the average prison population during the last two years, seems to justify me in making some reduction in the minimum of 546 laid down by my predecessor. I am anxious as far as possible, consistently with the public interest, to meet the views of the Memorialists on this question of prison accommoda- tion; and the following scheme appears to me to be adequate for the necessities of the case, and will, I hope, be generally accepted as a compromise, and be received in the friendly spirit in which it is offered :-

(1) The 92 existing separate cells should continue to be primarily available for European prisoners, of whom there is an average of over 40, the rest being used for Chinese criminals.

(2) 51 of the existing three-prisoner cells should be divided off into 102 separate cells. (3) A new site should be acquired adjoining the Gaol, on which should be built a three-

storey block containing about 150 separate cells.

(4) Separate accommodation being thus provided for 344 prisoners of the more criminal types, 60 three-prisoner cells, or small wards, would remain for the accommodation of 180 miscellaneous prisoners of the less criminal types. I note that according to the figures for 1891 the prison population was divided into,

Criminal,

..333

Non-criminal or petty criminal,

.176

Total average,

...509

252

The scheme which I propose leaves therefore some small margin in the case of each class.

Further, I consider that it would be advantageous in the case of the remaining associated cells, that where possible, two or three of them might be thrown into one, thus facilitating supervision by night, and possibly increasing their practical capacity for accommodation of prisoners at times of exceptional pressure.

Subject to the requirements which I have indicated, I leave all questions as to the re-arrangement and improvement of buildings and other structures on the existing site, to the discretion of your Government. I cannot of course but regret that the Unofficial Members of Council have felt unable to assent to the policy of my predecessor, but, as there seems reason to hope that the proposals which I now make will meet with general assent from the Members of Council, I refrain from entering on controversial matter.

I agree with the opinion expressed in the 5th paragraph of your despatch No. 340, that the suggested free emigration of ex-convicts to newly explored or thinly peopled countries is quite impracti- cable, and I await with interest your further report on the question of transferring the juvenile inmates of the Gaol to the Roman Catholic Reformatory, as recommended by the Unofficial Members of Council.

You may communicate this despatch to those gentlemen, either, by laying it before Council or otherwise as you may see fit.

I have the honour to be,.

Sir,

Your most obedient,

Governor

Sir W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&c.,

&c.,

:

&c.

humble Servant,

RIPON.

171

No. 14

93

HONGKONG.

THE HARBOUR MASTER'S REPORT FOR 1892,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 25th May, 1893.

No. 96.

HONGKONG, 23rd March,

HARBOUR DEPARTMENT,

16th February, 1893.

{

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the Annual Returns for this Department for the 31st December, 1892.

I. Number, Tonnage and Crews of Vessels entered.

II. Number, Tonnage and Crews of Vessels cleared.

III. Number, Tonnage and Crews of Vessels of each Nation entered. IV. Number, Tonnage and Crews of Vessels of each Nation cleared.

V. Total Number, Tonnage and Crews of Vessels entered at each Port. VI. Total Number, Tonnage and Crews of Vessels cleared at each Port.

VII. Return of Junks entered from Macao.

VIII. Return of Junks cleared for Macao.

IX. Return of Junks entered at each Port from China and Formosa.

X. Return of Junks cleared at each Port for China and Formosa.

XI. Gross Total Number of Junks entered at each Port.

XII. Gross Total Number of Junks cleared at each Port.

XIII. Return of Junks (Local Trade) entered.

XIV. Return of Junks (Local Trade) cleared.

1893.

year ending

XV. Summary of Arrivals and Departures of all Vessels, and of all Chinese Passengers.

XVI. Return of Vessels registered.

XVII. Return of Vessels struck off the Register.

XVIII. Amount of Fees received under Table B of Ordinance 26 of 1891.

XIX. Return of Chinese Passenger Ships cleared by the Emigration Officer.

XX. Return of Vessels bringing Chinese Passengers to Hongkong from places out of

China.

XXI. Return of Marine Cases tried.

XXII. Diagram of Tonnage of Vessels entered.

XXIII. Return of the work performed by the Government Marine Surveyor.

XXIV. Return from Imports and Exports (Opium) Office.

SHIPPING.

2. The total of arrivals and sailings amounted to 14,152,849 tons or an advance on 1891 of 147,151 tons. There were 36,470 arrivals with a tonnage of 7,104,888 tons, and 36,210 departures of 7,047,961 tons. The increase in European constructed vessels numbers 267, aggregating 15,109 tons. There is a decrease in the foreign junk trade of 213 junks representing 71,042 tons, against which may be set an increase in the local junk trade of 6,586, vessels measuring 203,084 tons.

172

3. The following statement shows how this amount of shipping is apportioned:-

1891..

1892.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage.

British,.

Foreign,

Junks in Foreign (

Trade,

5,719 7,190,589 6,376 7,576,323

2,988 3,088,454 2,598 2,717,829

657 385,734

45,403 3,263,118 45,190 3,192,076

:

:

390 370,625

213

71,042

Total,......54,110 | 13,542,161 54,164 | 13,486,228

657 385,734

603 441,667

Junks in Local |

Trade,..

11,930 463,537 18,516 666,621 | 6,586 | 203,084

:

Grand Total, ... 66,040 | 14,005,698 72,680 | 14,152,849 | 7,243 | 588,818

NET.......

6,640 147,151

603 441,667

4. The substantial increase in British shipping is represented to a great extent by a number of new vessels which found employment during the year, such as the Argus (1 trip), Aden (4), Argyle (2), Baron Douglas (1), Chelydra (9), Camelot (2), Catherine Apcar (3), Charters Tower (17), City of Belfast (1), Glenesk (4), Hupeh (10), Hongay (4), Java (1), Kongsee (1), Loksang (17), Malacca (4), Ocampo (2), Ooryia (1), Palmas (2). Pekin (14), Shantung (8), Strathesk (1), Taksang (12), Ulysses (2), also a number of old vessels that have been absent for years have re-appeared, viz. :—the Energia (2), Ethiope (2), Kowshing (14), Lunedale (1), Norna (1), Port Adelaide (1), Port Phillip (1), Recorder (1), Strathavon (1), Strathallan (1), Strathdee (1), Teresa (7), Torrington (4), Victoria (2), Wakefield (1). Some of these craft have undoubtedly replaced other vessels, but the bulk are competing with some of the old lines or are additions to other old lines; averaging 1,800 tons a ship.

5. The considerable decrease in foreign shipping is due chiefly to shipwreck, and sale.

The Ashington, sold to the Japanese in 1892, called at Hongkong 5 times as against 23 times in 1891. Amoy, sold to Japanese in 1892, entered 10 times and in 1891, 35 times.

Peking, lost; 10 entries in 1892 against 32 times in 1891.

Aron, Norwegian Barque, lost; Escort, American Barque, lost. The Chinese river-boat Kiang Kwan taken off the run in February, 1891.

None of these craft have been replaced by others.

6. The 1,670 British ships, exclusive of River steamers, that entered the port in 1892 carried 11,606 British Officers and 166 Foreigners, as follows:-

British,

Americans,

.....11,606

74

Danes,

10

Dutch,.

2

Germans,

28

Norwegians,

18

Portuguese, Swedes,

16

18

11,772

98 of the British Officers belonged to the Royal Naval Reserve.

7. The 1,275 Foreign ships, exclusive of River steamers, that entered in 1892, carried 1,101 British Officers, all in American, Chinese and Japanese owned vessels.

173

8. The numbers of European constructed vessels, exclusive of River steamers, that entered the port during the year are shown in the following table, a distinction being drawn between those that entered once a month or less often, and those that entered more frequently than once a month:-

TABLE of OCEAN TRADERS and Coasters, STEAM and SAIL.

TWELVE TIMES AND UNder.

THIRTEEN TIMES AND OVER.

FLAG.

Steam.

Sail.

Steam.

Ships.

No. of times entered.

Total tonnage.

No. of times

Ships.

entered.

Total tonnage.

No. of times

Ships.

entered.

Total tonnage.

British,

211

953

1,445,524

39

47

36,288

30

670

688,789

American,

3

11

29,825

28

32

37,824

Austrian,

23

43,948

Chinese,

39

33,706

170

194,076

Danish,

6

3,576

96

42,270

Dutch,.

3

26

38,502

1

14

9,408

French,

12

53

109,556

1

27

...

23,598

German,

59

259

314,784

13

15

12,514

18

388

307,862

Italian,

2

11

16,489

2

2

2,229

Japanese,

6

15

21,548

1

21

31,941

Norwegian,.

13

29

35,365

4

6

4,127

...

Russian,

1

1

2,005

...

Siamese,

656

Spanish,

4

9

3,936

...

Total,..

331

1,435

2,098,664

87

103

21

13,734

93,638 62 1,407

1,311,678

9. In European constructed vessels, the general import trade, as represented by the amount of shipping entering, amounted to 1,522,551 tons, from places other than China and adjacent countries; while the imports, judged by the same standard, but from places in and adjacent to China, amounted to 3,644,387 tons, inaking a total import tonnage in European constructed vessels, of 5,166,938 tons.

10. Again, the general export trade, still judged as before, amounted to 1,171,280 tons, to places other than China and adjacent countries; while, to those places, it amounted to 3,955,934 tons making a total of export tonnage in European constructed vessels of 5,127,214 tons.

Analysing the above and comparing with 1891, we get as follows

From places other than China, &c., From China and adjacent places,....

IMPORTS.

- Increase.

Decrease.

.12,298

16,013

To places other than China, &c.,...............

To China and adjacent places,.....

Net Increase,..

28,311

...

EXPORTS.

103,414

..90,212

Net Decrease,

...13,202

.28,311 tons ..13,202

""

or, in European constructed vessels, a net increase of Import tonnage of . and a net decrease of export tonnage of

JUNKS.

11. Compared with the average of the past three years, the Foreign Junk Trade shows a shrinkage of 154,391 tons and 482 vessels, whilst the Local trade for the same period has increased 306,828 tons with 8,768 vessels.

12. The Foreign Junk trade for 1892 shows a falling off of 71,042 tons from that of 1891. The principal decreases are to Macao where, doubtless, the launches Perseverance and Wing Yuen, regularly plying thither, have "cut into" them; also the Kwong Mo (now up for sale). The decrease on the Pearl River is probably due to bad rice seasons and foreign competition.

13. The large increase shown in the Local Junk trade for 1892 over that of 1891 is chiefly due to the Merchant Shipping Consolidation Ordinance (No. 26 of 1891); all ballast boats employed on the Praya Reclamation as Junks, being now licensed, as well as all the other craft that previously claimed exemption, but over which it was desirable that some supervision should be kept.

174

GENERAL.

14. 4.396 steamers, 103 sailing vessels and 31,971 junks arrived during the year, giving an average of 99 vessels arriving daily in the waters of the Colony as against 90 the year before; of the steamers 71 per cent. were British, an increase of 5 per cent. from 1891; of these, 51 per cent. were Ocean-going" as against 52 the year before, and of the Foreigners, 2 per cent. were river craft, a decrease of 9 per cent. on the previous year.

46

15. From the foregoing it will be seen that, Hongkong in 1892 still held its place in the shipping world, a comparison showing once more an increase of shipping frequenting the Port.

16. The extent of the trade of the Colony, unfortunately, cannot be analysed by Import and Export Returns, and the only practical way of making a comparison, year by year, is by means of the amount of tonnage entering and clearing, and no erroneous deduction need be drawn from such a comparison, for, in no shipping Return, the wide world over, could any sane person conclude that, the figures show- ing the tonnage of shipping frequenting the Port, professed to represent also the number of tons of merchandize landed and shipped at that port.

17. But in the absence of actual figures to tell us exactly how our import and export trade pro- gresses we may, I think, with the materials at hand draw a fair inference from the experience of other

countries.

Of the United Kingdom as well as of 21 British Possessions, large and small, in various parts of the world, from the Dominion of Canada down to Fiji, I find, on reference to statistics for the 10 years 1881-1890, that in each case increased tonnage entering and clearing carried with it increased value of imports and exports.

I am also fortunately able to carry my investigations beyond the United Kingdom and British Possessions, and from the statistics published by the Imperial Maritime Customs of China to obtain a result similar to the above in a comparison of the trade of China for the 5 years 1888-1892.

In 1888 the total tonnage entered and cleared under the cognizance of the Imperial Maritime Customs was 22,307,859 with a total trade value of 546,581,188 Haikwan Taels.

In 1892 when the tonnage had increased to 29,440,575, this increase had been accompanied an increase in the value of the trade to 654,391,478 Haikwan Taels.

The inference which I draw from this is that, tonnage can in a great measure be reasonably construed as an indication of trade, and that, if an increase in tonnage means elsewhere an increase in trade, it probably has the same meaning in Hongkong also.

The inference is materially strengthened by the following figures for which I am also indebted to the published Reports of the Imperial Maritime Customs and which exhibit the growth of the Hong- kong share in the distribution of the trade with China during the last four years:----

Year.

Total Imports of China.

Total Exported Imported Exports of China.

from Hongkong. Hongkong.

to

Total of Hongkong trade with

China.

1888,

....

Haikwan Taels. | Haikwan Taels. Haikwan Taels. | Haikwan Taels. | Haikwan Taels.

124,782,893 92,401,067 81,092,295 41,266,212 122,358,507

1889,.... 110,884,355 96,947,832 74,598,236 | 43,448,145 | 118,046,381

1890,.... 127,093,481 87,144,480 84,324,395 41,520,506 125,844,901

1891,.... 134,003,863 100,947,849 81,204,029 45,142,707 | 126,346,736

1892, .... 135,101,198 102,583,525 80,700,034 48,273,785 128,973,819

Here then we have undeniable proof of the gratifying circumstance that so far as regards our most important market, China, our trade has considerably increased during the last four years.

18. It is true also that a great number of the vessels calling at Hongkong do not make any long stay, but the period of their stay cannot be considered as a standard to judge of the trade of the Colony. It is nothing new to learn that Hongkong is merely a "distributing centre"; it always has been such, and it is not more so now than it was ten or even twenty years ago (except in so far as the amount to be distributed has increased) so that the raison d'être of a large proportion of the tonnage of the port must of necessity be, as it always has been, "transhipment and branch line requirements," and there has been no suggestion to the contrary in the Returns annually issued by this Department. But, seeing that our communication with the outside world can only be carried on by means of ships, it is somewhat remarkable to find this fact of Hongkong being a "distributing centre" being used as an argument to prove that the tonnage of the port is no indication of the amount of trade.

175

19. That the number of steamers entering 13 times and over during the year-that is to say more than once a month-has increased, might, I think, be considered as indicating that their employment is not unprofitable to their owners; all these are engaged in the "coasting" or "distributing" trade, or in other words, in the "transhipment of cargo and branch line requirements", and from the fact of there being no falling off in the number and tonnage of these, (but rather the contrary) one might reasonably conclude that there is still a considerable amount of trade arriving, and requiring distribu- tion; and, seeing that this latter trade occupied 963 vessels aggregating 1,522,551 tons trading between Hongkong and places other than China and adjacent countries, we can be well content that our ship- ping trade is, in so far a flourishing state as not to necessitate steamers being laid up for want of profitable work, as has been the case at Home for instance, but rather that their employment is suffi- ciently remunerative to admit of increased dividends being paid, and substantial sums carried forward to the current half-year, as for instance in the case of the Hongkong, Canton and Macao Steamboat Company. (Vide report published in local papers 31.1.93.)

20. Moreover, from whatever cause ships come to Hongkong, whether it be to land goods or to tranship them, the result on the Revenue of the Colony is the same, as the only direct tax on shipping is "light dues," which increase in direct proportion to the increase of tonnage inwards, and it is worthy of note that, notwithstanding the depression in the shipping trade all over the world, our tonnage inwards slightly increased last year, which-if only so far as the Revenue is concerned-cannot be considered as anything but satisfactory.

REVENUE.

21. The total Revenue collected by the Harbour Department during the year was $181,057.85. This is an increase of $16,485.93 over last year, and compared with the average of the last 5 years it shows an increase of $53,549.24.

It was made up as follows:-

1. Light Dues,

$ 92,309.62

2. Licences and Internal Revenue,

3. Fees of Court and Office,

29,939.70 58,808.53

$ 181,057.85

STEAM-LAUNCHES.

22. On the 31st December, there were 137 steam-launches employed in the Harbour, of these 51 were licensed for the conveyance of passengers, 59 were privately owned, 11 were the property of the Colonial Government together with a floating Steam Fire Engine, and 5 belonged to the Imperial Government, in the charge of the Military Authorities. All these launches, except those which belong to Her Majesty or to any Foreign Government, are obliged to have a certificated Master and Engineer; the Certificates of these men are liable to suspension or cancellation should they prove negligent or incompetent. One Master's Certificate was suspended during the year for a period of one month.

EMIGRATION.

23. The promise held out in 1891 of a revival of Emigration has to some extent been realised, the numbers last year amounted to 52,143, being an increase of 6,981 over the previous year. Until however new fields are opened, we cannot hope for any substantial revival in this branch of trade.

During the year 476 ships reported having brought to Hongkong 97,991 Chinese passengers returning from various places to which they had emigrated.

REGISTRY OF SHIPPING.

24. During the year 4 vessels of 2,146 tons were registered under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act 1854, and 5 Certificates of Registry with a total of 3,592 tons were cancelled. Return No. XVIII shows the remainder of the work done in this branch.

MARINE MAGISTRATE'S Court.

25. 79 cases were heard in this Court with 178 defendants. Refusal of duty (17) and assault (7) were the principal offences in the case of ships; Breach of Harbour Regulations (12) and Leaving without Clearance (12) in the case of Junks.

176

EXAMINATIONS FOR THE POSTS OF MASTERS, MATES AND ENGINEERS

UNDER SECTION 15 OF ORDINANCE 26 OF 1891.

26. The following table shows the number of candidates examined for Certificates of Competency distinguishing those who were successful and those who failed :---

DECK OFFICERS.

ENGINEERS.

NATIONALITY.

British,

British Indian,

American,

Dane,

French,

German,

Norwegian,

Portuguese,

Russian,

Swede,

Grade.

Passed,

Failed.

Total.

Master.

Grade.

Passed.

Failed.

Total.

Grade.

Passed.

Failed.

22

6 28

14

:

:

:

:

1

1

:

1

1

1

***

:

...

:

...

:

First Mate.

4 18

:

:

:

...

:

1

1

1

N

Only Mate.

:

:

:

1

1

1

British,

Portuguese,

(First Mate

River steamer.

...

:

GRAND TOTAL,...]

23 8 31

:

TOTAL DECK OFFICERS,...

18 5

10

:

:

:

:

:

:

1

1

...

:

:

:

:

Second Mate.

:

:

:

23

1

1

8

1

Total.

T

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Ι

***

Grade.

Passed.

Failed.

00

Total.

First-class Engineer.

1

Grade.

Passed.

1 8

1

14

4

:

:

:

1

:

...

1

1 1 2

:

...

:

:

1

1

Second-class Engineer.

:

...

H

:

10

1

11

11 2 13

49

Failed.

Total.

Grand Total.

10

5

:

:

...

...

...

49 112

4

...

مصر

1

:

:

:

...

:

-

***

...

...

...

:

:

:

:

...

5

2

1

1

4

2

2

1

1

1

1

LO

5

54

133

.66.

TOTAL ENGINEERS,.........67.

Since 1st January, 1884, when under the Order in Council of 31st December, 1883, Certificates of Competency issued at Hongkong were made of equal value to those issued by the Board of Trade, 841 Certificates of all grades have been issued. The details are shown in the following table :-

Grade.

Master, First Mate,

1884. 1885. 1886.

1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. Total.

21

10

6

22

14

10

17

12

22

20

25

39

32

23

198

14

31

29

26

18

171

5

3

1

· 3

2

3

3

1

21

10

10

5

4

10

1

7

10

66

Only Mate,

Second Mate,

Total,...........

50

33333

29

38

47

59

80

68

52

456

2nd

1st Class Engineer,

Do.,

19

93

23

22203

=20

11

14

21

11

18

15

11

142

20

15

19

28

33

31

49

238

=

Total,.......

42

42

31

29

40

39

51

46

60

380

Certificates renewed,

:

10

5

Grand Total,.........

92

75

60

67

87

98

131

114

112

841

MARINE COURTS, UNDER SECTION 13 OF ORDINANCE 26 OF 1891.

27. The following Courts have been held during the year :-

:

1. On the 27th January,-Inquiry as to the loss of the British S.S. Namchow, Official No. 63,588 of Penang, in the vicinity of Breaker Point, China Sea, on the morning of the 8th January. All the Officers were lost.

2. On the 24th June, 1892,-Inquiry as to the stranding of the British ship John McLeod, Official No. 90,742 of St. John, New Brunswick, on the South-West edge of the Pratas Shoal, China Sea, on the morning of the 28th May. The Master's (OSCAR HILL HENDERSON) Certificate of Competency was returned to him.

177

3. On the 15th July, 1892,-Inquiry as to the loss of the British S.S. Haiphong, Official No. 88,838 of Hongkong, on the rocks about two miles West of Iro-osaki Light, Japan, on the morning of the 28th June. The Master's (WILLIAM YOUNG HUNTER) Certificate of Competency was suspended for two months.

4. On the 21st October, 1892,-Inquiry as to the loss of the British S.S. Bokhara, Official ·

No. 68,397 of Greenock, on Sand Island, Pescadores, China Sea, on the night of the 10th October. The only surviving Officers being the Chief Officer, 3rd and 4th Officers. The Court was of opinion that the Master (CHARLES DAWSON SAMS) committed an error of judgment, and no blame was attached to any of the other Officers.

THE SUNDAY CARGO-WORKING ORDINANCE, 1891.

28. 31 Permits were issued during the year aggregating $4,800 in fees.

SEAMEN.

29. 12,769 seamen were shipped and 13,449 discharged at the Shipping Office and on board ships during the

year, the discrepancy is owing to the number of seamen shipped at the Consulates of which we have no record.

30. 378 distressed seamen were received during the year; of these, 90 were sent to the United Kingdom, 7 to Sydney, 6 to Vancouver, 16 to Bombay and 2 to Calcutta, 4 died and 253 obtained employment. On the 31st December, 1892, 6 were in Government Civil Hospital, 1 in Lunatic Asylum, and 1 on board Hygeia (Small-pox Hospital). $6,599.50 were expended by the Board of Trade in the relief of these men, and $57.28 by the Colony.

-

MARINE SURVEYOR'S SUB-DEPARTMENT.

31. Return No. XXIII shows the work performed in this branch of the Harbour Department, and in forwarding this I desire to record my appreciation of the manner in which the work of this Sub- Department is carried out.

LIGHTHOUSES.

32. The amount of dues collected was as follows:-

Class of Vessel.

Rate, per ton.

No.

Total Fees: Tonnage. Collected...

Ocean Vessels paying full dues, 2 cents 2,936 | 3,492,382 | 87,309.54

Launches paying' full dues,

560

22,244

556.10

"

River Steamers (Night Boats),.

cent

661

666,597

4,443.98

Do.

(Day Boats),...!

Free.

893

996,361

Total,..

5,050 | 5,177,584 | 92,309.62.

33. The Gap Rock was established as a Lighthouse Station during the year, the light being exhibited for the first time on the 1st April. The European Lightkeepers selected by the Trinity House Corporation arrived and assumed their duties on the 13th June. Some difficulty was experienced with the "Douglass Burners" sent out for use at this Station, these have now been replaced by 6 wicked "Trinity House Burners" with satisfactory results. The Fog Signal Apparatus was also erected during the year but to 31st December there had not been occasion to make use of it.

up

34. Telegraphic communication has been established between the Gap Rock and the Post Office, from whence a branch telephone is taken to the Harbour Office and other places.

35. There is also communication fortnightly with the Rock for the purpose of changing the keepers and supplying stores. The tug Pilot Fish, belonging to the Dock Company, is hired for this purpose. Landing on the Rock on these occasions has never been absolutely prevented by the weather though on some occasions it has been attended with difficulty, and it was thought advisable on these occasions not to attempt to land such stores as required to be handled with care.

36. The other Lighthouse Stations remain as before and there is nothing that calls for remark concerning their working.

37. The establishment, however, of a Lighthouse on Waglan Island by the Chinese Authorities will render D'Aguilar Light unnecessary. I would recommend its being removed to Green Island, where, being a long distance light, it would "cut in" with the Gap Rock Light, and a vessel after getting hold of the latter would have a leading light right up to the Harbour. If this change were made, I would further recommend the present Green Island Light being placed at Cape Collinson, and the Cape Collinson Light, with a slight modification, placed as a Harbour Light on Kowloon Point. These changes would, I think, be a great improvement to the Lighting of Hongkong.

:

.

178

SIGNALLING OF VESSELS.

38. Owing to the representation of various Mercantile Firms an addition has been made in the system of signalling vessels arriving at the Port, these are now telegraphed to the Post Office from Gap Rock direct, and from Cape d'Aguilar, by telephone and telegraph through Shaukiwan and the Central Police Station, the information is posted at the Post Office and is forwarded to Kowloon Point where the necessary signals indicating the arriving vessels are made with flags. I am not aware how much benefit accrues to the mercantile community from the establishment of these signals at Kowloon, but, if I may express an opinion, I should say not much, and I think the disestablishment of the Peak Signal Station would be a great loss and inconvenience to the general community, whose interest lies in the Mail steamers only, and who are not concerned with the arrival of any others.

GOVERNMENT GUNPOWDER DEPÔT.

39. During the year 1892, there has been stored in the Government Magazine, Stone Cutters' Island-

No. of Cases, &c.

Approximate Weight.

Ibs.

Gunpowder, privately owned,

Do., Government owned,

Cartridges, privately owned,

8,367

398,879

681

116,233

Do., Government owned,

49

4,215

Explosive Compounds, privately owned,..

181

10,786

Do..

Government owned,.

38

2,228

Total,...........

9,316

532,341

On the 31st December, 1892, there remained as under :-

No. of Cases, &c.

Approximate Weight.

lbs.

Gunpowder, privately owned,

Do., Government owned,.

63

2,248

Cartridges, privately owned,..

187

30,409

Do., Government owned,

176

19,510

Explosive Compounds, privately owned,..

171

11,070

Do.,

Government owned, .

32

2,007

Total,.......

629

65,244

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS (OPIUM) OFFICE.

40. The Return shows that during the year the araount of Opium reported as follows:-

Imported,. Exported,

1891. 58,4192

1892. 56,864

.57,998

52,625

Decrease.

1,5554 chests. 5,3722

33

Through cargo reported

1891,

18,256 chests.

but not landed,.

1892,.

.21,144

27

Increase,

2,888 chests.

22,763 permits were issued from this Office, being an increase of 577 over 1891.

A daily Memo. of Exports Permits to Chinese Ports was during the year supplied to the Com- missioner of the Imperial Maritime Customs at Kowloon.

Surprise visits were paid to 139 Godowns during the year.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

R. MURRAY RUMSEY, Retd. Comd., R.N.,

Harbour Master, &c.

Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary,

&c.,

&c.

&c.

COUNTRIES WHENCE ARRIVED.

!

I.-NUMBER, TONNAGE, and CREWS of Vessels ENTERED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong from each Country in the Year 1892.

BRITISH,

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST,

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

FOREIGN.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

Crews. Vessels. Tons.

Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

41

47,503 2,054

41

...

16

46,665 3,147

16

...

47,503) 2,054| 5] 6,611 126 46,665 3,147

...

...

...

15 12,303 782

15

12,303 782

1

634 14

6,611 126

634 14

46

16

46

...

"

...

54,114 2,180 46,665 3,147

Australia and New Zealand,

British Columbia,.............

British North Borneo,............................................................

Coast of China and Formosa........................................

Cochin-China,

Continent of Europe,

Great Britain,

India and Singapore,

Japan,

Java and other Islands in the Indian Archi-

1,639 2,069,150| 75,007 |

97 110,747 3,707|

12 20,097] 587 150 266,417| 7,993] 151| 208,643] 10,894|

36

188 295,558 9,401| 46,069 1,455 518 361,797 20,479

97

2

...

...

54,114 2,180) 46,665 3,147|| 16] 12,937 796

114 99,826 3,139] 211

93 163,150 8,116||

210,573 6,846||

104 182,655 8,687 152 268,099 8,049

16]

16 12,937 796

43,449 1,778 1,736 2,112,599 76,780 14,443 1,501,220 182,176 8,217 598,656 95,734 22,660 2,099,876 277,910 16,082 3,570,370 257,183 8,314 642,105 97,507 24,396 4,212,475 354,690 97 110,747 3,707|| 114 99,826 3,139 12 20,097 587 92 162,558 8,100 152 268,696 8,083 2 1,682 56 151 208,648 10,894|| 27 34,170 1,234 184 297,118 9,432 118 172,030 5,328 36 46,069 1,455 23 29,086 1,059 520 362,373 20,523| 571

2,279 901

1,560

576

...

31

44

461

...

89,992 14,745

}

...

...

871

24]

6961 56

3

377 27

106

96,683| 5,025||

67

45,657 2,350)

5

5,384 140

228 126,776 6,027||

491

14

...

71

64,550| 2,467]

6

1

480

12

54 106,712 3,890|

33

...

152

4,447

794

61,608 1,743

17

...

211 210,578 6,846

1

592 16

592

16

...

1,429 201 28 1,707 281 119 41 3,312 120 27 89 15,041 1,260 660

1

::

3

377 27

1,682 56 35,599 1,254 173,737 5,356|| 301 32,398 1,179 59 105,033 16,005 1,089 871 24] 1 4 1,073 83

178 242,813| 12,128|| 467,588 14,729

75,155 2,514,

451,789 35,224 871 24.

2

4

91

2,279| 90

1,429 20

3,267 59

3,312 120

15,617 1,804

105 183,247 8,703 154 270,378 8,139 179 244,242 12,148 303 470,855 14,788 63 78,467 2,634 1,180 467,406 36,528

1

871

24

321

1,921

91

70

47,578 2,441|

1,829

49

230

128,605 6,076

231

173 142,340 7,375

130,045 6,121

1,921]

91

4 1,073 83 176 144,261 7,466

4

3,944

95

8901

13)

1

890

13

1

4911 14

890

13

235 133,989 6,216 2

1,381

27

::

...

4,447

152

77 68,997 2,619]

1

...

1

1,664

22

34|

794

63,272 1,765|

17

2 1,274 29

::

87 168,320 5,633||

100

...

1,664

22

77 68,997 2,619

88 169,984 5,655

1,274 29

::

pelago,

Масао,

Mauritius,

...

...

North Pacific,

11

696

56

Philippine Islands,

106

96,683 5,025

...

Ports in Hainan and Gulf of Tonquin,

3.

3,269 94

N

Sandwich Islands,..

1

491

14

...

2,115

---

Siam, ....

71

64,550 2,467

...

South America,.

1

480

12

United States of America,

54 106,712 3,890]

...

TOTAL,.

3,095 8,757,830 147,064

104

49,979 1,984 3,1993,807,809 149,048 15,735 2,338,339 226,317 8,320 627,041 97,353 24,055 2,965,380 323,670 18,830 6,096,169 373,381 8,424 677,020| 99,337|27,254 6,773,189 472,718

179

II.-NUMBER, TONNAGE, and CREWS of Vessels CLEARED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong for each Country in the Year 1892.

TOTAL.

180

BRITISH.

COUNTRIES TO WHICH DEPARTED.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

FOREIGN.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

rews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels, Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

Australia and New Zealand,.

23

33,330 1,868

British Columbia,..

1

948 22

1,794)

394

27 24,

35,124 1,895]

23

12

2

1,342 34

::

...

33,330 1,868

1

948

22

1,794

394

27 24

35,124 1,895

12

...

British North Borneo,

151

13,044 8631

...

Cape of Good Hope,..

1 1,486 27

...

15 13,044) 863 1,486 27

1,268 291

1,268 29

15

13,044

863

1,268

I

1,486

27

29 17

1

...

...

Coast of China and Formosa, ......

1,997 2,438,538| 93,968||

361

Cochin-China,.

39

45,259 1,496

49

Continent of Europe,

410

Great Britain,.

361

76,265 4,784

India and Singapore,

Japan,

Java & other Islds. in the Indian Archipelago,

Macao,

North Pacific,

Philippine Islands,

Ports in Hainan and Gulf of Tonquin,

190 308,717| 9,926

112 189,347 7,578||

51

2,787 651 82,786 1,924

9

10,027) 342]

9

13,327 304)

529 377,783 21,295}

...

1

336

9

1

361 76,265 4,784 195 311,504 9,991 163 272,133 9,502 18] 23,354 646 529 377,783 21,295 336

41,492 1,365 2,033 2,480,030 95,333 15,258 1,700,077 201,408 7,103 59,542) 1,703) 88 104,801) 3,199| 74 66,118) 2,312] 43 44 91,990 5,695 1 1,808 21 67 102,922 3,684,

414,276 73,542 22,361 2,114,353 274,950 17,255 4,138,615 295,276 7,139 35,114 1,265) 117 101,227 3,577 113 111.372) 3,808)

921

1,342

14,312 892 1,486 27 455,768 74,907 24,394 4,594,3×3 370,283 94,656 2,968 205 206,028) 6.776

2

34

44

91,990 5,695

44

91,990 5,695)

44

91,990 5,695

1 1.808 21

37

78,073 4,805

37

***

78,073 4,805

3

74

115,235 4,216

58

3,696 56 80,304 2,046

70 106,618 3,740

257

411,639| 13,610]

8

132 195,539 6,262

186

304,582 11,794

109

6,483 121 163,090 3,970]

265

418.122) 13,731

295

467,672 15,764

9

10,027 342)

...

651

109,236 16,035

24

2,694

3641

9

469 45

1

3551

201

675 111,930 16,399 5

1,180

487,019 37,330

24

2,694]

364

824 65

4

469

451

691

291

...

15

14.303 710

15

18,248

3831

30

32,551 1,093

22

13,947) 777

24

23,553)

577 46 37,500 1.354

37

28,250 1,487

30

41,801

960

1,667| 77

2

1,667 77

233

130,167 5,953||

10

6,764

263]

243

136,931 6,216|

235

131,834 6,030

10

6,764]

263

9 13.327 304 18

23,354 646

1,204 489,713 37,694

6 1,160 74 76) 70,051 2,447 245 138,598 6,293

Russia in Asia,.....

Sandwich Islands,

...

...

1,981| 46

:

1,981

46

21

1,981

461

2 1,981

46

Siam,...

South America,

United States of America, .

982

22,879 814 2,316| 58 10,566 149

28

982

26 22,879

28

333

12

::

333

121

1,315

401

3

1,8/5 40

351

814

2,316 68 10,917 157

3,814

121

2,054

35

24

34,374

508

2

::

1,981

401

5,795

166

32|

26,693

9351

1,981

45

34

28.674

980

::

2,054 35

4,3701

931

6

4,370

93

24 34,374 508

311

44,940

6571

351

8

32

45,291

665

TOTAL,..

3,008|3,547,457|144,005||

8,177|3,768,514| 7,270 570,005 169 221,057 5,800 3,177 3,768,514 149,805 16,463 2,374,520 240,868 7,270 570,005 78,207 23,738 2,944,525 319,075 19,471 5,921,977 884,873 7,439| 791,062 84,007, 26,910 6,713,039 468,880

III.-NUMBER, TONNAGE and CREWS of Vessels of each Nation ENTERED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong

181

in the Year 1892.

ENTERED.

NATIONALITY

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

OF

VESSELS.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons.

Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

American,

39

Austrian,

23

63,543 1,803 43,948 1,321

4

4,106

67

43

67,649

1,870

23

43,948

1,321

British,

3,095

3,757,830 | 147,064

104

49,979

1,984

3,199

3,807,809

149,048

Chinese,

232

251,844 12,076

2

1,688

86

234

253,532 12.162

Chinese Junks,

14,501

1,030,708171,728

8,254

575,543

95,722

22,755

1,606,251 267,450

|

Danish,

100

44,857 2,238

2

989

36

102

45,846 2,274

Dutch,

39

47,238

1,750

1

672

23

40

47,910

1,773

French,

80

133,154

10,315

80

133,154

10,315

German,

610

594,446

20,521

52

40,714

1,323

662

635,160

21,844

Italian,

13

18,718

738

Japanese,

36

53,489

1,732

::

13

18,718

738

36

53,489

1,732

Norwegian,

32

36,445

768

3

3,047

54

35

39,492

822

Russian,

1

2,005

78

1

Siamese,

1

656

18

::

2,005

78

1

656

18

Spanish,

888

28

17,288

1,231

2

282

42

30

17,570

1,273

TOTAL,............ 18,830 6,096,169 373,381

| |

8,424

677,020 99,337

27,254 6,773,189 472,718

IV.-NUMBER, TONNAGE and CREWS of Vessels of each Nation CLEARED at Ports in the Colony of Hongkong

in the Year 1892.

CLEARED.

NATIONALITY OF

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

VESSELS.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels.

Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons.

Crews.

American,

Austrian,

British,

Chinese,

Chinese Junks,

Danish,

Dutch,

French,

German,

Italian,

Japanese,

......

Norwegian,

Russian,.....

Siamese,

Spanish,

D

37

22

60,131 42,188

1,859

8

10,265

147

1,266

3,008 | 3,547,457

144,032

169

229 249,132

12,135

1

15,344 | 1,198,811

1,198,811

189,568

7,091

99

44,498

2,130

2

35

42,914 1,675

221,057 938 387,014 752 3,506

5,800 50 72,924

45 22 3,177 230

70,396 2,006 42,188 1,266

3,768,514 |149,832

250,070 12,185

22,435

1,585,825 | 262,492

39

101

45,250 2,169

122

39

46,420 1,797

80

133,154

10,069

80

133,154

10,069

555

538,542

19,161

112

101,107

3,109

667

639,649

22,270

12

19,924

819

12

19,924

819

15

21,548

817

9

6,308

181

222

21

31,941

922

36

53,489

1,739

25

31,624

663

34

37,932

844

1

2,005

74

1

2,005

74

1

654

18

1

...

654

18

24

14,711

1,069

6

2,858

231

30

17,569

1,300

TOTAL,............ 19,471 5,921,977 384,873

| |

7,439

791,062 84,007

26,910 | 6,713,039 | 468,880

V.—TOTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE AND CREWS OF VESSELS ENTERED AT EACH PORT IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG, IN THE YEAR 1892.

TOTAL.

182

BRITISH.

FOREIGN,

NAMES

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

OF PORTS.

Vls. Tons. Crews.

Vis.

Tons. Crews. Vls. Tons.

Aberdeen,

...

...

Hunghom,

Shaukiwán,

Stanley,

Victoria,

Yaumáti,.

3,095 3,757,830 147,064

104

...

Tons. Crews. Vls.

321

26,190 5,469] 10,920| 2,665 541 526 20,502 4,493|| 1,219|| 151 5,773 1,171 27 49,979 1,984 3,199 3,807,809 149,048 12,029 2,097,404189,519 3,200 1,899 177,550 23,000 3,012

Crews. Vls.

Tons. Crews. Vis.

575

555

896

14,670 4,270| 31,133 5,415| 1,096| 74,450 12,075 1,745

738 341 178 291,179 37,448 15,229 214,871 37,804 4,911

Total,.

3,095 3,757,830 147,064

104

9226,817

3,304 392,421 60,804 1,899 177,550 23,000 $,012

49,979 1,984 3,199 3,807,809 149,048 15,735 2,338,339 226,317 8,320 627,041 97,358 24,055 2,965,880 328,670 18,830 6,096,169 373,881 8,424||

Tons. Crews. Vls.

14,670|| 4,270| 896 31,183 5,415| 1,096| 74,450|12,075| 1,745||

Tons. Crews.

40,860 9,739 42,053 8,080 94,95216,568 738 341 178 6,511 1,512 341,158 39,432 18,4286,196,392 376,015 214,871 37,804 4,911| 392,421 60,804

46,773 677,020|99,337| 27,254 6,773,189472,718

Tons, Crews. Vls.

Tons. Crews. Vis. 40,860 9,739|| 575 26,190 5,469 321 42,053 8,080 555 10,920 2,665| 541 94,952 16,568 526 20,502 4,493 1,219 6,511 1,512 151 5,773 1,171] 27 2,388,583 226,967 15,124 5,855,234 336,583

VI.-TOTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE AND CREWS OF VESSELS CLEARED AT EACH PORT IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG, IN THE YEAR 1892.

BRITISH.

FOREIGN.

TOTAL.

NAMES

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL..

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

WITH CARGOES.

IN BALLAST.

TOTAL.

OF PORTS.

Vls.

Tons. Crews. Vls.

Tons. Crews. Vls.

Tons. Crews. Vis.

Aberdeen,

Hunghom,

Shaukiwán,.

Stanley,

Victoria,

Yaumáti,.

Total,..

3,008 3,547,457 144,

231

...

...

362

...

...

...

945

...

...

...

Tons. Crews. Vls.

5,807 1,660 665 24,925 2,832 732 59,043 7,502|

...

74

5,065 723

...

...

3,008 3,547,457|144,005|

...

...

169 221,057 5,800 3,177 3,708,514 149,805 12,238 2,098,811 202,460 2,613 180,869 25,671

731

104

2,890

2,148

Tons. Crews. Vls.

896

35,053 8,059 17,115 5,240)||| 1,094|| 33,750 8,636 1,676 789

1,446 178 6,511) 1,512| 74 283,301 24,146 15,128 2,882,112 226,606 15,246 199,340 31,337 4,761 380,209 57,008 2,613

Tons. Crews. Vls.

40,860|| 9,739) 42,040 8,072|

231

362

92,793 16,138

945

Tons. Crews. Vis.

5,807 1,680 665 24,925| 2,832| 732 59,043 7,502 731 5,065 723 104 5,646,268 346,465 3,059 180,869 25,671 2,148

Tons. Crews. Vls. Tons. Crews.

35,053 8,059| 896 17,115 5,240 1,094 33,750 8,636 1,676 1,446 789 178 504,358 29,946 18,305 6,150,626 376,411 199,340 31,337 4,761 380,209 57,008

40,860 9,739

42,040 8,072 92,793 16,138

6,511| 1,512

,457 144,005

169 221,057 5,800 3,177 3,768,514 149,805 16,463|2,374,520 240,868 7,270 570,005 78,207|23,733 2,944,525 319,075 19,471 5,921,977 384,873 7,439 791,062 84,007 26,910 6,713,039 468,880

5768,514 149,8

570,005

VII.-Total Number, Tonnage, Crews and Passengers of Junks ENTERED from Macao, during the Year

ending 31st December, 1892.

183

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Passen-

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

gers.

Victoria,

*....

565

86,022

14,600

10

80

9,514 1,048

82

645

95,536 15,648

92

Total,... 565 86,022 14,600

10

80

9,514 1,048

82

645

95,536 15,648

92

VIII.—Total Number, Tonnage, Crews and Passengers of Junks CLEARED for Macao, during the Year

ending 31st December, 1892.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Passen-

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

gers.

Victoria,

634

94,070 15,438

75

24

2,694

364

2

658

96,764

15,802

77

Total,... 634 94,070

15,438

75

24

24

2,694

364

2

658 96,764 15,802

77

IX.—Total Number, Tonnage, Crews and Passengers of Junks ENTERED at each Port in the Colony of Hongkong, from Ports on the Coast of China and Formosa, during the Year ending 31st December, 1892.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Aberdeen,

575 26,190 5,469

303

321

14,670 4,270

27

896

40,860

9,739

330

Hunghòm,

555

10,920 2,665

163

541

31,133

5,415

11

1,096

42,053

8,080

174

Shaukiwán,...!

526

20,502

4,493

274

1,219

74,450

12,075

53

1,745

94,952

16,568

327

Stanley,

151

5,773

1,171

73

27

Victoria,

10,230

703,751

120,330

80,024

3,054

Yaumáti,..

1,899

177,550 23,000

80

3,012

738 230,167 214,871

Total,... 13,936

944,686 | 157,128 80,917

8,174

341 34,769 $7,804

566,029 94,674 28,303

178

6,511

1,512

73

28,148 64

13,284 4,911

933,918 | 155,099 108,172

392,421

22,110 | 1,510,715 |251,802 |109,220

60,804

144

X.—Total Number, Tonnage, Crews and Passengers of Junks CLEARED at each Port in the Colony of Hongkong, for Ports on the Coast of China and Formosa, during the Year ending 31st December, 1892.

Cargo.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Aberdeen,

231

5,807

1,680

201

665

35,053

8,059

Passen-

gers.

168

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

896

40,860 9,739

459

Hunghom, ...

362

24,925 2,832

200

732

17,115

5,240

17

1,094

42,040

8,072

217

Shaukiwán,..

945

59,043

7,502

115

731

33,750

8,636

53

1,676

92.793

16,138

168

Stanley,

74

5,065

723

63

104

1,446

789

1

178

6,511

1,512

64

Victoria,

10,485

Yaumáti,..

2,613

829,032 135,722 | 106,422 180,869 25,671

2,687

97,616

18,499

197

2,148

199,340

31,337

6,641 13,172 698 4,761

926,648

154,221113,063

380,209

57,008

895

Total,... 14,710 | 1,104,741 174,130 107,288

7,067

384,320 72,560 7,578 | 21,777

1,489,061246,690 114,866

184

XI.-Grand Total Number, Tonnage, Crews and Passengers of Junks ENTERED at each Port in the Colony of

Hongkong (exclusive of Local Trade), during the Year ending 31st December, 1892.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Passen-

Passen-

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

gers.

gers.

Aberdeen,

575

26,190 5,469

303

321

14,670

4,270

27

896

40,860 9,739

330

Hunghom,

555

10,920

2,665

163

541

31,133

5,415

11

1,096

42,053 8,080

174

Shaukiwán,..

526

20,502

4,493

274

1,219

74,450

12,075

53

1,745

94,952

16,568

327

Stanley,

151

5,773

1,171

73

27

738

341

178

6,511

1,512

73

Victoria,

10,795

789,773 134,930

80,034

3,134

239,681

35,817

28,230

13,929

1,029,454 | 170,747 | 108,264

Yaumáti,......

1,899

177,550 23,000

80 3,012

214,871

37,804

64

4,911

392,421 60,804

144

Total,... 14,501 | 1,030,708 |171,728 80,927

8,254

575,543 95,722

28,385

22,755 | 1,606,251 | 267,450 |109,312

XII.-Grand Total Number, Tonnage, Crews and Passengers of Junks CLEARED at each Port in the Colony of

Hongkong (exclusive of Local Trade), during the Year ending 31st December, 1892.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Passen-

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

gers.

Aberdeen,

231

5,807 1,680

291

665

35,053 8,059

168

896

40,860 9,739

459

Hunghom,

362

24,925 2,832

200

732

17,115

5,240

17

1,094

42,040 8,072

217

Shaukiwán,... 945

59,043

7,502

115

731

33,750

8,636

53

1,676

92,793 16,138

168

Stanley,

Victoria,

74 11,119

5,065

723

63

104

1,446

789

1

178

6,511 1,512

64

923,102 151,160 106,497

2,711

100,310

18,863

6,643

13,830

Yaumáti,...... 2,613 180,869 25,671

197

2,148

199,340

31,337

698

4,761

1,023,412 | 170,023

380,209 57,008 895

113,140

Total,... 15,344 1,198,811 189,568 107,363 7,091

387,014 72,924

7,580

22,435 1,585,825262,492114,943

XIII-Return of Junks (Local Trade) ENTERED at the Port of Victoria from the Out-stations of the Island and

the Villages in British Kaulung, during the Year ending 31st December, 1892.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

Victoria, ......

7,977 293,537 96,814 2,737 1,239

38,162 10,555

3,222

9,216

331,699 107,369 5,959

Total,... 7,977 293,537 96,814 2,737 1,239

38,162❘ 10,555

3,222 9,216

331,699 107,369 5,959

XIV.—Return of Junks (Local Trade) CLEARED from the Port of Victoria for the Out-stations of the Island and

the Villages in British Kaulung, during the Year ending 31st December, 1892.

Victoria,

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Vessels. Tons. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Vessels.

Tons. Crews.

Passen- gers.

......

2,373 55,409 17,404 3,867 6,927 279,513 90,395

6 9,300

334,922 107,799 5,873

Total,... 2,373

55,409 17,404 3,867 6,927 279,513 90,395

6

9,300

334,922 107,799

5,873

185

XV.-SUMMARY.

FOREIGN TRADE.

No. OF VESSELS.

TONS.

CREWS.

British Vessels entered with Cargoes,..

3,095

3,757,830

147.064

Do.

do. in Ballast,

104

49,979

1,984

Total,.

3,199

3,807,809

149,048

British Vessels cleared with Cargoes,.

3,008

3,547,457

144,005

Do.

do. in Ballast,

169

221,057

5,800

Total,

3,177

3,768,514

149,805

Total of all British Vessels entered and cleared,

Foreign Vessels entered with Cargoes,

6,376

7,576,323

298,853

15,735

2,338,339

226,317

Do.

do

in Ballast,.....

Total,..

8,320

627,041

97,353

24,055

2,965,380

323,670

Foreign Vessels cleared with Cargoes,

16,463

2,374,520

240,868

Do.

do. in Ballast,

7,270

570,005

78,207

Total,...........

23,733

2,944,525

319,075

Total of all Foreign Vessels entered and cleared,................

47,788

5,909,905

642,745

Total of all Vessels entered with Cargoes,..

18,830

6,096,169

373,381

Do.

do. in Ballast,

8,424

677,020

99,337

Total of all Vessels entered,

27,254

6,773,189

472,718

Total of all Vessels cleared with Cargoes,

19,471

5,921,977

384,873

Do.

do.

in Ballast,

7,439

791,062

84,007

Total of all Vessels cleared,

26,910

6,713,039

468,880

Total of all Vessels entered and cleared with Cargoes,.

38,301

12,018,146

758,254

Do.

do.

do. in Ballast,

15,863

1,468,082

183,344

Total of all Vessels engaged in Foreign Trade only, entered and cleared,

54,164

13,486,228

941,598

LOCAL TRADE.

Total of all Vessels entered,

9,216

Do.

cleared,

9,300

*

Total of all Vessels engaged in Local Trade only, entered and cleared,

18,516

331,699

107,369

334,922

107,799

666,621

215,168

Total of all Vessels engaged in Foreign Trade only, entered and cleared,

Do.

do. in Local Trade only,

54,164

13,486,228

941,598

do.

18,516

666,621

215,168

Grand Total of all Vessels entered and cleared,

72,680

14,152,849

1,156,766

SUMMARY OF ALL CHINESE PASSENGERS.

NAMES OF PLACES.

From Ports other than in China or Japan,

Do.

in China and Japan,

Do.

in Macao,

Do.

in Villages of the Colony,..

97,971

646,120

53,612

5,959

Total Arrivals,......

803,662

Left for Ports other than in China or Japan,

52,143

Do.

in China and Japan,

686,710

Do.

in Macao,......

50,486

Do.

in Villages of the Colony,

5,873

Total Departures,......

795,212

Excess of Arrivals over Departures,

8,450

Grand Total of Arrivals and Departures,

1,598,874

186

XVI-RETURN of VESSELS REGISTERED at the Port of Hongkong, during the Year 1892.

Name of Vessel.

Official Number.

Regis- tered Tonnage.

Horse Power.

Rig.

Built of

Where built and when.

Remarks.

Pekin, str.,

95,860 118.38

40

Schooner

Wood Mongkok, Yaumati, 1891.

Kwong Mo, str.,.................

Maroon,

95,861 102.15

80

Fore & aft Schooner

Hongay, str.,

6,947 361.62

70,670 1,563.55 220

Barque Wood Bristol, 1855.

Schooner Iron

Composite Whampoa, China, 1889. Foreign name Kwong Mo.

Since lost near Fusan, Korea.

Middlesbro, 1874,

Late Torrington.

XVII.-RETURN of REGISTRIES of VESSELS cancelled at the Port of Hongkong, during the Year 1892.

Name of Vessel,

Official

Number.

Regis- tered Tonnage.

Date of

Registry.

Horse Power.

Rig.

Built of

Where built and when.

Reason of Cancellation.

Kiu Kiang, str.,

Diamante, str.,

Haiphong, str.,

Dorothy,

Maroon,

50,662 1,284.22 1867 300 None

77,448 514.13 1879 120 Schooner

Iron

....

88,838 1,121.95 1885 170 Schooner

49,660 310.47 1890

Barque

6,947 361.62 1892

Barque

Iron

Low Walker, Newcastle-

on-Tyne, 1885. Wood Gloucester, 1864.

Wood Bristol, 1855.

Wood New York, 1864.

Aberdeen, Scotland,

1878.

Sold to be broken up at Canton.

Sold to Foreigners at Hiogo,

Japan.

Stranded near Iroosaki Light,

Coast of Japan.

Sold to be broken up at Canton.

Lost near Fusan, Korea.

XVIII.—AMOUNT of FEES received under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1855, and Table B of Ordinance No. 26

of 1891, in the Harbour Department, during the Year 1892.

Matter or Duty in respect of which Fee taken.

Number. Fee. Amount.

Remarks.

€0

$

Alteration in Agreements with Seamen,

1

1

Certifying Desertion,

71

Copy from Registry Book,

Declaration of Ownership,

152

71

10

2

12

Endorsement of change of Master,

30

Ι

30

Endorsement of change of Ownership,

1

Granting Certificate of Imperial Registry,

15

Inspection of Registry,...

Recording Mortgage of Ship,

Recording Discharge of Mortgage,

Recording Sale of Ship,

1

Registering Certificate of Sale, ......

21 ON

2015 10 10 N

2

60

25

Total,......

225

187

XIX. RETURN of CHINESE PASSENGER SHIPS cleared by the Emigration Officer, Hongkong, during the Year ending the 31st day of December, 1892.

No.

DATE CLEARED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHITHER BOUND.

TOTAL.

M.

F. M.

F.

1

January 5 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003 British

G. A. Lee

Victoria, B.C.

185

185

>>

5 Agamemnon, str.

1,491

O. P. Williams

Straits Settlements

270

43

27

""

9 Wing Sang, str.

1,517

d'A. de Ste. Croix]

477

96

999559

7

5

325

12

15

600

32

4

21

12 Diomed, str....

1,432

E. G. Dickens

142

142

""

95

:

5

13 | China, str.

2.401

W. B. Seabury

San Francisco

38

46

6

14 Arratoon Apear, str.

1,392

J. E. Hansen

Straits Settlements

200

67

272

19

7

20 Nestor, str.

1,269

J. S. Thompson

166

15

1

186

23

Belgic, str.

2,695

W. H. Walker

San Francisco

23

41

30

9

33

25 Chelydra, str.

10

26 Melpomene, str.

11 February 2❘ Empress of China, str.

1,943 Austrian 3,003 British

R. Cass A. Mitis

H. Pybus

1,574

Straits Settlements

175

13

193

*

791

15

100

Victoria, B.C.

236

236

:

12

8 Teheran, str.

1,670

17

J. F. Jephson

Straits Settlements

140

143

13

""

14

A

9 Kutsang, str.

9 Zambesi, str.

1,495

W. H. Jackson

82

96

"

1,565

G. J. Edwards

Victoria, B.C.

71

78

17

Portland, Oregon

7

15

""

17 Japan, str.

1,865

J. G. Olifent

Straits Settlements

221

25

""

19

20

24

25

26

27

29

30

31

32

33

31

35

36

37

39

C22272** * **22*-*8*88************* * **SABBEDSST8 8 88 8

16

18

"

""

19

Oceanic, str......

2,440

W. M. Smith

Honolulu

226

12

11

""

San Francisco

එය වේ.

255

337

23 Dardanus, str.

23 Choysang, str.

1,507 1,194

T. Purdy

Straits Settlements

150

150

**

R. C. D. Bradley

203

13

دو

24

Elektra, str.

"

24

Argus, str.

1,996 Austrian 1,822 British

C. Bellen

218

21

23

E. Johnson

74

**

228

244

79

21 March

23

1

Empress of India, str.

3,003

O. P. Marshall

"

Victoria, B.C.

293

294

""

2 Lombardy, str.

1,571

F. Cole

Straits Settlements

558

36

>"

"

5

Arratoen Apear, str.

1,392

J. E. Hansen

693

3833

606

11

10

774

"

""

""

5 Continental, str.

672 Dutch

C. Scharl

13!

131

""

8

Batavia, str...

1,662 British

Victoria. B.C.

42

J. R. Hill

47

Portland, Oregon

"

10

Gaelic, str.

2,691

W. G. Pearne

San Francisco

205

وو

:

10

""

Thibet, str.

1,665

L. M. Wibmer

Straits Settlements

310

12

"1

""

12

Chelydra, str.

1,574

R. Cass

342

30

"

**

12

Bormida, str.

1,499 Italian

F. Susini

321

24

""

""

15

Cyclops, str...

1,363 British

H. Nish

294

34

دو

18 Gwalior, str...

1,648

""

19 Lightning, str..

2,124

""

F. Speck

J. G. Spence

252

12

""

373

201

124

621352

209

330

378

346

6

Co

337

269

398

23 China, str.

2,401

W. B. Seabury

San Francisco

202

10

214

23

26 Orestes, str.

1,279

J. Barr

Straits Settlements

112

112

"

28 Brindisi, str.

2,129

E. Street

378

16

27

وو

29 | Kutsang, str.

1.495

W. H. Jackson

696

67

""

""

35

5

399

20

8

791

""

29 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

G. A. Lee

27

Victoria, B.C.

516

38 April

1 Borneo, str.

1,490 Dutch

23

2 Venetia, str.

1,551 British

40

5 Belgic, str.

2,695

29

5 Bellerophon, str.

1,356

19

42

5 Japan, str.

1,865

"J

43

6 Berenice, str.

J

44

35

8 Achilles, str...................

45

""

9 Bisagno, str.

1,633 Austrian 1,188 British 1,499 Italian

H. Klein

T. F. Creery W. H. Walker W. E. Guthrie J. G. Olifent P. Mersa

Straits Settlements

333

15

281

23

San Francisco

205

11

3241

519

356

1

309

1

218

Straits Settlements

131

193

181

16

225

20

""

R. Day

148

>>

:

:

:

28

:

200

1

252

148

L. Baccerini

147

24

172

"

46

""

13

Wing Sang, str.

1,517 British

d'A. de Ste. Croix]

516

62

15

"

47

""

14

Nizam, str..

1,615

G. L. Langborne

376

48

14 Laertes, str.

1,351

R. F. Scale

110

101024

601

408/

118

وو

49

16 Empress of China, str.

3,003

R. Archibald

""

Victoria, B.C.

3601

360

50

""

16 City of Peking, str..........

3,129 American

R. R. Searle

Honolulu

569

31

17

792

San Francisco

152

12

51

"2

20 Arratoon Apear, str.

52

"

26 Thisbe, str.

53

26 Myrmidon, str.

1,392 British 1,789 Austrian 1,815 British

J. E. Hansen

Straits Settlements

735

69

828

F. Kossovich R. Nelson

531

105

705

623

20

655

54

33

28 Oceanic, str.

2,440

W. M. Smith

San Francisco

286

297

21

55

22

30 Chelydra, str.

1,574

R. Cass

Straits Settlements

605

83

719

"

56 May

3 Thibet, str.

1,665

L. M. Wibmer

502

36

13

555

"J

3,

>>

7 Empress of India, str.

3,003

O. P. Marshall

21

Victoria, B.C.

450

2

452

58

""

7 Lightning, str....

2,124

**

J. G. Spence

Straits Settlements

396

57

14]

14

481

59

"

10 City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

2,275 American

60

11 Bormida, str.

61

""

13 Lombardy, str...

62

"

14 Kutsang, str.

1,499 Italian 1,571 British

1,495

W. Ward

F. Susini

F. Cole

San Francisco

250

252

Straits Settlements

413

41

461

270

10

6

289

W. H. Jackson

22

35

532

541

10

600

311

63

3

17 Independent, str..

871 German

J. Scharl

Mauritius

150

64

""

18 Teheran, str.

1,670 British

65

60

59

688272222222

69

70

71

74

75

RRRR * * * *

وو

73 June

21 Gaelic, str.

21 Phra Nang, str.

26 Maria Teresa, str.

28 Empress of Japan, str.

28| Gwalior, str.....

31 Wing Sang, str.

31 Siam, str.

2 | China, str.

4 Agamemnon, str..

2,691

>"

1,021

""

24 Japan, str.

1,865

C. H. S. Tocque W. G. Pearne

W. H. Watton

A. G. Hamiltou

Straits Settlements San Francisco

480

69

262

***

474

3

567

276

Victoria, B.C.

61

Tacoma, U.S.A.

74

13

Straits Settlements

522

45

97

1,922 Austrian

R. Deperis

227

55

3,003 British

G. A. Lee

1,648

F. Speck

"BC. Victoria, B C. Straits Settlements

376

:

189

10

1,517

d'A. de Ste. Croix

142

53

""

""

1920 1919

574

201

379

3

205

213

992

J. M. Tulloch

155

169

.་་་

دو

2,401

W. B. Seabury

San Francisco

149

161

1,491

O. P. Williams

Straits Settlements

207

10

219

7 Venetia, str..

1,551

T. F. Creery

341

26

375

33

7 Arratoon Apear, str.

1,392

J. E. Hansen

228

65

310

"

27

Honolulu

77

**

10 Palmas, str.

1,560

23

W. Taylor

17

Victoria, B.C.

41

24

""

11 Batavia, str.......

1,662

J. R. Hill

Victoria, B.C.

35

"

Tacoma, U.S.A.

55

20

Carried forward,.............. 142,536

Carried forward,..............|22,470||| 1,776

353

224

24,823

188

RETURN of CHINESE PASSENGER SHIPS cleared by the Emigration Officer, Hongkong,-Continued.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

No.

DATE CLEARED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION-

ALITY OF SHIP.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHITHER BOUND.

TOTAL.

M. F.

M. F.

Brought forward,....... 142,536

Brought forward,|22,470 1,776 353 224

24,823

R*** 8 * 38588818 8 1

79 June

11

Bisagno, str..

80

14

19

Belgic, str.

1,499 Italian 2,695 British

L. Baccerini

Straits Settlements

417

37

457

W. H. Walker

San Francisco

247

247

81

14

Kongsee, str.

696

27

II. McGill

Straits Settlements

188

82

15

Che ydra, str.

1,574

>>

R. Cass

567

2008

190

88

10

27

19

(81

83

""

18

Empress of China, str.

3,003

Victoria, B.C.

113

22

R. Archibald

Vancouver, B.C.

158

274

Co

81

86

87

""

وو

18

Loo Sok, str.

1,020

Victoria, BC.

20

A. Benson

Tacoma, U.S.A.

43

23

21

Nizam, str.

1,615

G. L. Langborne

Straits Settlements

438

32

14

485

37

24

Lightning, str...

2,124

94

25

City of Peking, str.

>>

25

Melpomene, str.

89

30

21

Bantam, str...

90 July

2 Glenorchy, str..

91

""

2

Else, str.

92

""

5 Kutsang, str.

3,129 American

1,943 Austrian 1,457 Dutch 1,822 British

747 | German 1,495 British

J. G. Spence R. R. Searle

190

42

239

San Francisco

841

90

A. Mitis

Straits Settlements

212

811

L. Vander Valk J. Ferguson

198

18

23

115

26

6583

307

226

37

150

93

A

7 Oceanic, str....

2,440

"2

C. Christensen W. H. Jackson

W. M. Smith

116

6

I

29

124

272

Gol

22

11

348

94

9 Empress of India, str.

3,003

>>

O. P. Marshall

95

""

9 Devawongse, str...

1,057

Honolulu San Francisco Victoria, B.C. Vancouver, B.C. Victoria, B.C.

294

35!

31

13

108

486

97

101

198

14

""

G. Anderson

Tacoma, U.S.A.

22

36

96

97

98

99

100

""

9 Shantung, str. ...

1,835

W. B. Hardinge

Straits Settlements

242

45

""

12

Bormida, str.

>>

12

Lombardy, str..

1,499 Italian 1,571 British

F. Susini

214

41

""

14

Ardgay, str.

1,081

F. Cole

J. Thom

199

29

"J

138

27

30 10 10 10

294

264

;

"

19

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

2,275 American

J. M. Cavarly

San Francisco

56

235

174 59

101

J

20

Wing Sang, str..

1,517 British

d'A. de Ste. Croix

Straits Settlements

329

12

102

"

21

Thibet, str.

1,665

22

L. M. Wibmer

190

23

""

103

23

Teheran, str.

12

1,670

"

C. H. S. Tocque

143

"

104

26

Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

""

105

26

""

Elektra, str.

1,996 Austrian

106

""

28

Gwalior, str.

1,648 British

J. E. Hansen

G. Mariani

F. Speck

110

67

129

""

154

""

107

29

Borneo, str.

1,490 Dutch

H. Klein

841

19

29 460 2 IN O

430

218

155

188

184

180

"

107

108

""

30

Empress of Japan, str.

3,003 British

G. A. Lee

Victoria, B.C.

44

Vancouver, B.C.

77

::

123

109

30

Gaelic, str.

2,691

وو

W. G. Pearne

San Francisco

165

2

168

110 August 3

Chelydra, str.

1,574

111

1

4

Venetia, str.................

1,551

112

""

4

Hupeh, str. ..............

1,846

113

J

11

Bisagno, str.

1,499 Italian

R. Cass T. F. Creery

T: Quail

L. Baccerini

Straits Settlements

193

30

135

16

"

116

"

34

231

84

"J

114

11

25

Glenfruin, str.

1,892 British

E. Norman

107

39

""

115

13

22

Lightning, str................

116

16

Nizam, str.

117

18

27

Telemachus, str.

2,124 1,615 1,397

>>

J. G. Spence

180.

56

"

""

F. N. Tillard

247

"2

16

H. Jones

143

32

""

"J

NA∞A nă

7

4

118

""

20

Empress of China, str.

..

3,003

31

R. Archibald

Victoria, B.C.

51

Vancouver, B.C.

90

GIQ 500843

::

230

155

155

327

159

252

271

180

141

119

""

20

China, str.

Honolulu

2,401

77

11

11

""

W. B. Seabury

120

22

23

Kutsang, str.

121

>>

23

Shantung, str..

1,495 1,835

27

"

122

دو

26 Berenice, str.

123

27 Bantam, str.

1,633 Austrian 1,457 Dutch

W. H. Jackson W. B. Hardinge P. Mersa

San Francisco Straits Settlements

196

81

7

299

50

358

144

17

29

178

>>

166

57

13

240

L. Vander Valk

82

"

86

124

30 Belgic, str.

2,695 British

125

31 Catherine Apear, str.

1,734

"

126 Sept.

3 Lombardy, str........

1,571

W. H. Walker

J. G. Olifent F. Cole

San Francisco

53

66

Straits Settlements

346

36

398

299

"

23

329

127

""

7 Palamed, str.

1,489

C. Jackson

""

148

27

162

128

29

7 Wing Sang, str.

1,517

22

129

"2

8 Peru, str....

130

"

10 Empress of India, str.

3,003 British

2,540 American

O. P. Marshall

d'A. de Ste. Croix W. Ward

180

""

57

13

257

San Francisco

25

29

Victoria, B.C.

131

10

"

Bormida, str.

1,499 Italian

132

14

Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392 | British

133

>>

19 Palinurus, str..

1,536

""

134

"

20

Oceanic, str....

2,440

F. Susini J. E. Hansen T. S. Jackson W. M. Smith

Vancouver, B.C. Straits Settlements

114

92

230

283

دو

477

75

9

10

571

132

22

157

San Francisco

79

73

2

83

135

23

""

Borneo, str.

136

""

24

Chelydra, str.

137

""

26

Achilles, str..

138

"

26

Thishe, str.

139

28

""

Thibet, str.

140

"J

29

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

2,275 American

1,490 Dutch 1,074 | British 1,488

""

1,789 Austrian 1,665 British

R. Cass T. Battlett F. Kossovich

J. T. Smith

H. Klein

Straits Settlements

244

13

261

329

32

375

123

23

149

129

22

59

198

L. M. Wibmer

270

""

50

10

336

San Francisco

48

50

141

"

30 Lightning, str.

2,124 British

J. G. Spence

Straits Settlements

285

84

11

142 Oct.

4 Zambesi, str.

1,565

G. J. Edwards

Victoria, B.C.

41

39

Tacoma, U.S.A.

47

:..

::

387

88

143

7 Malacca, str.

2,616

P. W. Case

Straits Settlements

278

19

302

144

""

8 En press of Japan, str. ....

3,003

G. A. Lee

Victoria, B.C.

700

>>

Vancouver, B.C.

134

} 208

145

11 Kutsang, str.

1,495

W. H. Jackson

Straits Settlements

"

395

100

14

13

522

146

""

11 Laertes, str...................

1,351

R. F. Scale

""

"J

186

10

3

199

147

12Gaelic, str.

Honolulu

2,091

211

W. G. Pearne

25

17

148

""

12 Gwalior, str...

1,648

""

F. Speck

San Francisco Straits Settlements

85

352

51

252

34

295

149

""

15 Bisagno, str..

350

""

15 Cyclops, str.

1,499 Italian 1,363 British

L. Baccerini

"}

198

26

226

H. Nish

"

97

9

109

151

29

20 | Catherine Apcar, str.

1,734

J. G. Olifent

2811

22

13

298

152

20

""

Iantam, str.

1,457

153

""

22 City of Peking, str....

Dutch 3,129 | American

L. Vander Valk R. R. Searle

209

10

222

San Francisco

61

61

Carried forward,.

281,882

Carried forward,...

37,135 3,876

697 493

42,201

RETURN of CHINESE PASSENGER SHIPS cleared by the Emigration Officer, Hongkong,-Continued.

ADULTS. CHILDREN.

189

No.

DATE CLEARED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHITHER BOUND.

TOTAL.

M.

F. M. F.

Brought forward,...... 281,882

Brought forward,.[37,135| 3,876 697 493 42,201

154 Oct. 155 156

24

Glenartney, str.

1,944 British

26

""

Maria Teresa, str.

1,922 Austrian

29

Agamemnon, str..

1,491 British

J. McGregor R. Deperís O. P. Williams

Straits Settlements

242

18

219

57

221

38

974

3

272

287

264

157 Nov.

1

China, str.

2,401

""

W. B. Seabury

San Francisco

67

71

158

""

2 Empress of China, str...

3,003

R. Archibald

Victoria, B.C.

26

Vancouver, B.C.

118

89

2

159

160

161

162

163

>"

""

""

3 Victoria, str......

1,992

J. Panton

Victoria, B.C.

46

1

3 Wing Sang, str.

1,517

Arratoon Apear, str.

1,392

d'A. de Ste. Croix J. E. Hansen

Tacoma, U.S.A. Straits Settlements

56

::

102

599

111

13

731

271 111

10

396

>>

94

8

Independent, str.

871 German

J. Schall

22

Mauritius

174

9

::

280

"

9

Teheran, str.

1,670 British

C. H. S. Tocque

Straits Settlements

226

31

61

268

164

27

10

Belgic, str.

165

>>

11

Polyphemus, str.

2,695 1,813

W. H. Walker

San Francisco

56

61

""

W. Lee

Straits Settlements

281

33

319

""

166

""

15

Bormida, str.

1,499 Italian

167

"

16

Chelydra, str.

168

19

Nestor, str. ....

1,574 British 1,269

F. G. Ansaldo R. Cass

265

38

10

319

""

""

294

32

3.

333

169

19

Peru, str.

170

12

23

Lightning, str.......

171

26

Maria Valerie, str.

172

>>

29

Kutsang, str.

2,540 American 2,124 British 2,644 Austrian 1,495 British

J. S. Thompson W. Ward

J. G. Spence A. Mitis

148

21

179

San Francisco

52

:

57

Straits Settlements

357

Co o

457

79

140

"

W. H. Jackson

4971

47

15

569

او

173

30

Empress of India, str..

3,003

O. P. Marshall

Victoria, B.C.

125

321

Vancouver, B.C.

191

5

174 Dec.

1

Tacoma, str.....

1,662

J. R. Hill

Victoria, B.C.

42

75

Tacoma, U.S.A.

33

175

176

177

AAA

1 Shantung, str.

1.835

""

H. C. D. Frampton

Straits Settlements

273

26

304

178

179

""

180

""

181

17

2 Oceanic, str.

7 Gouverneur Generaal's

Jacob, str.

8 Catherine Apcar, str.

8 Woosung, str.

10 City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

Bisagno, str.

1,784 British 1,109

""

2,275 American

2,440

W. M. Smith

San Francisco

98

4

:

104

1,569 Dutch

A. J. de Blinde

Straits Settlements

320

17

1

340

J. G. Olifent

221

53

13

11

"

L. Dawson

151

10

Honolulu

175

16

14

123

298

164

J. T. Smith

252

San Francisco

41

3

:

...

:

1,499 Italian

L. Maccerini

Straits Settlements

308

631

182

17 Wing Sang, str.

1,517 British

d'A. de Ste. Croix)

415

10

183

""

20 Hupeh, str.

1,846

T. Quail

225

9

>"

""

609

7

384

474

296

184

>>

20❘ Gaelic, str.

2,691

W. G. Pearne

San Francisco

75

78

185

""

28 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

G. A. Lee

Victoria, B.C.

23

Vancouver, B.C.

81

::

::

104

186

""

28 | Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012

J. Fowler

Straits Settlements

571

31

9

613

"

187

""

29 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,892

J. E. Hansen

145

56

4

6

211

17

188

"

29 Bantam. str...

1,457 Dutch

L. Vander Valk

212

38

7

261

"J

189

""

29 Nanking, str.

835 Norwegian U. Sorensen

106

1

107

>>

:

190

""

30 Elektra, str.

1,996 Austrian

G. Mariani

132

50

189

""

191

37

30 Flintshire, str.

1,871 British

W. Dwyer

Victoria, B.C.

42

Tacoma, U.S.A.

32

}

74

192

22

31 City of Peking, str...

3,129 American

R. R. Searle

San Francisco

62

6

1

1

70

TOTAL TONS,..

355,613

TOTAL PASSENGERS,.

45,593 5,035

894 621

52,143

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

SUMMARY,

TOTAL.

M.

F.

M. F.

Mauritius,

"5

19

"

San Francisco, U.S.A.,

>>

Straits Settlements,

, Tacoma, U.S.A.,

"

,, Victoria,

To Honolulu, Sandwich Islands,

Portland, Oregon. U.S.A.,

1,569 130

324 12

105 15

37 1,841

346

12

3,393 148

31

16

3,588

35,612 4,749

718 567

41,646

246

246

Vancouver, British Columbia,.

Do.,

1,013 3,424

13

1,027

I

12

3,437

TOTAL PASSENGERS,

45,593 5,035 894 621

52,143

190

XX. RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong, from Places out of the Chinese Empire, during the Year ending the 31st day of December, 1892.

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M.

F

M.

F

1 January 4 Canton, str.

2,044 British

Baker

Straits Settlements

218

2

1

221

Port Darwin

10

Thursday Island

5

2

4 Guthrie, str.

Cooktown

1,494

Helms

3

>>

Townsville

72

11

Sydney

36

Melbourne

7

4 Niobe, str.

4

"

Wing Sang, str.

1,440 German 1,517 British

Thomsen Ste. Croix

Straits Settlements

211

12

263

"

412

412

Port Darwin

Cooktown

4 Changsha, str........

1,463

Williams

Townsville

"

86

Sydney

Melbourne

27

??

5 China, str.

2,401

*

7

>>

5 Namchow, str.

1,109

Seabury Lee

San Francisco

593

Straits Settlements

329

ON TH

8

6 Cardiganshire, str.

1,623

9

7 Glenavon, str....

1,912

Parsons Jacobs

30

"

318

12

??

10

9 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

319 22

*

11

12

9 Empress of China, str.

3,003

+

Pybus

Vancouver, B.C.

289

2

7377

3

616

2

341

30

3

340

2

348

3

301

Townsville

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

""

"

"

23

13

Chingtu, str.

1,459

Hunt

Sydney

13

69

62

Melbourne

38

14

Prometheus, str.

1,492

Webster

Straits Settlements

601

99

15

Belgic, str.

2,695

??

16

Sussex, str.

1,620

Walker Holt

San Francisco

305

99

Victoria, B.C.

162

:

16

19

Nizam, str.

1,615

99

Langborne

Straits Settlements

122

16

+

Kintuck, str.

2,312

Thomson

45

97

"

:

18

??

Benalder, str..

1,294

McIntosh

"

261

18 Chelydra, str.

1,574

Cass

509

"

20

"

18 Mongkut, str.

859

Anderson

Bangkok

362

21

"

22

"

18 Glucksburg, str.

18 Melpomene, str.

23

""

20 Khedive, str.

***72287***

24

93

20

25

19

21

Cheang Chew, str. Bellona, str.

918 German

2,132 British 1,213

Thomsen

Straits Settlements

301

1,848 Austrian

Mitis

190

Moule

29

Webb

410

"

11

12

7

1,782 German

Schüder

396

19

26

Titan, str.

29

19

23 Bayern, str.....

25

25 Ardgay, str.....

26 Lightning, str.

2,576

Engelbart

""

156

10

1,525 British

Brown

272

55

6

1,081

Thom

179

"

**

Co

01 ∞

:

:

60

308

162

6

132

45

11

279

2

615

362

301

193

29

435

409

172

2,124

??

Spence

128

??

30

26 Gleneagles, str.

1,838

Sommer

241

p in

3

"

31

28 Benlawers, str.

1,484

Webster

71

"

32

29 Telemachus, str.

1,397

33 Feb.

1 Oopack, str.....

1,730

"

34

""

1 Chow Fa, str.

1,055

"

Jones Davies Phillips

35

234

27

""

Bangkok

76

290

179

136

248

71

37

6

250

76

Dilly, Timor

4

Port Darwin

12

35

*

1 Catterthun, str.

1,406

Shannon

Cooktown

12

وو

Brisbane

83

Sydney

24

New Zealand

23

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

* * ****** * O***

******

1 City of Peking, str. 1 Taicheong, str.

2 Dardanus, str......

3 Kut Sang, str.

3,129 American 828 German 1,507 British

Searle

San Francisco

92

Dubme

Straits Settlements

165

1,495

Purdy Jackson

44

"1

234

"!

OT LOH H

00-

3

97

170

46

241

3 Radnorshire, str.

1,889

Davies

35

22

"

35

4 Palamed, str.

1,489

Jackson

55

"

""

55

5 Zambesi, str.

37

1,565

Edwards

Victoria, B.C.

10

.

Portland, Oregon

31

21

5 Empress of India, str..

3,003

Marshall

Vancouver, B.C.

63

63

9 Cyclops. str.

1,363

Nish

Straits Settlements

55

;;

55

46

འ;

11 Shanghai, str.

2,044

Hall

108

108

12 Japan, str.

1,865

Olifent

178

47

12 Oceanic, str.

2,440

Smith

San Francisco

151

~ H

182

159

48

12

15 Rohilla, str.........

2,175

Tocque

Straits Settlements

26

26

49

"

15 Bantam, str.

1,457 Dutch

95

Van der Valk

>>

Batavia

3

98

50

""

16 Elektra, str..

51

16 Oceana, str.

??

52

"

16 Glenlyon, str.

1,996 Austrian 1,628 German 1,410 British

Bellen

Straits Settlements

122

122

Behrens

222

>>

222

Murray

195

3

29

198

53

""

19 Lombardy, str.

1,571

54

"

19 Ching Wo, str.

1,556

Cole Grattan

147

"

147

158

"

55

"1

20 Wing Sang, str.

1,517

Ste. Croix

655

22

c++

3

165

4

2

683

56

}}

20 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012

Morris

"

Bangkok

100

100

Port Darwin

7

Cooktown

Cairns

57

>>

22 Tai Yuen, str....

1,459

Nelson

Townsville

83

Sydney

10

Melbourne

43

Adelaide

9

8823828**

58

22 Cheang Chew,

str.

1,213

Webb

Straits Settlements

844

14

3

2

863

39

29

22 Telamon, str.

1,555

Jackson

169

19

:

175

60

??

22 Neckar, str..

61

23 Diamond, str....

""

1,492 German 1,030 British

Röben

267

14

Snow

337

62

24 Nam Yong, str.

984

Smith

392

16

324

292

352

"

419

??

63

"

25 Glenfalloch, str.

1,434

Darke

203

4

11

207

64

""

25 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

427

6

440

65

""

26 Tartar, str.

1,568

13

Bailey

95

95

66

77

29 Clyde, str.

2,198

Parfitt

54

""

54

Carried forward..

109,691

Carried forward..

13,401 252

136

58

13,847

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,—Continued.

CHILDREN.

191

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP..

ADULTS.

MASTER'S ΝΑΜΕ.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M.

F.

M. F.

Brought forward...... 109,691

67

Feb.

29

Berenice, str.

1,633 Austrian

68

March 1

Electra, str..........

...

1,162 German

69

3

Thibet, str.

1,665 British

70

4

Gaelic, str.

2,691

71

5

""

Chow Fa, str.

1,055

17

72

""

5

Chelydra, str.

1,574

Mersa Hildebrandt Wibmer Pearne Phillips Cass

Brought forward... 13,401] Straits Settlements

252 136

5$

13,847

449 18

11

9

487

164

164

"

180

180

:

San Francisco

186

7

6

204

12

73

??

74

99

7 Orestes, str...................

7 Teresa, str.

1,279

Barr

753

Slaker

"

Bangkok

Straits Settlements:

"

"

160

:

160

401 11

3

424

390

390

301

12

10

:

318

75

7 Glenartney, str.

1,944

76

19

7 Brindisi, str.

2,129

77

19

7 Kaisow, str.

1,934

McGregor Street

Castle

??

2001

200

21

21

"

81

>>

81

78

27

8 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

19

79

12

8 Carmarthenshire, str.

1,766

Lee Clark

Vancouver, B.C.

27

27

Straits Settlements

167

3

170

80

11 Cheang Hock Kian, str...

956

Dinsdale

515

3:

7

81

27

12 Gwalior, str.

1,648

Speck

248

"

7

42

526

261

83

****8*888

82

12 | Pekin, str.

2,134

Harris

""

"

47

47

""

14 China, str.

2,401

""

Seabury

San Francisco

158

9

170

84

93

14 Laju, str.

1,246

Smith

Straits Settlements

32

"

32

85

14 Lightning, str.

2,124

86

""

16 Macduff, str.

1,882

Spence Porter

619

84

""

718

91

7

""

105

87

""

17 Sachsen, str.

2,874 German

Supmer

152 21

7

184

""

18 Palinurus, str..

1,536 British

Jackson

""

343 21

375

89

19 Frigga, str.

1,400 German

Nagel

135

""

15

11

161

90

19 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012 British

Morris

Bangkok

150

150

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

3

Townsville

91

21 Tsinan, str.

1,460

Allison

35

Brisbane

Sydney

Melbourne

13

92

95

"

21

Glucksburg, str.

"

21

Nizam, str.

918 German 1,615 British

Thomsen

Straits Settlements

67

Langborne

165

99

94

23

Diamond, str.

12

95

24 Kutsang, str.

1,030 1,495

Snow

575

30

""

""

""

96

97

"2

24 Chusan, str......

26 Laertes, str................

98

26 Thorndale, str.

1,971

623 German

1,351 | British

27

Jackson Wendt Scale

5851

පරිස

3

2

10

15

23

8

507

""

Bangkok

25

Straits Settlements

239

Etherington

80

"

67

170

630

623

25

239

80

Dilly, Timor

8

Port Darwin

3

66

99

65

26 Airlie, str.

1,492

Ellis

Cairns

Brisbane Greymouth Wellington Auckland Sydney Melbourne

10

7

1

10

118

60

11

100

28 Venetia, str.

1,551

Creery

Straits Settlements

112

112

">

27

101

37

28 Namyang, str................

984

Smith

489

""

15

""

10

521

102

""

28 Hesperia, str.

1,123 German

Madsen

65 4

69

103

29 Belgic. str.

2,695 British

Walker

San Francisco

158*

1

161

104

11

30 Loo Sok, str.

1,020

Benson

Bangkok

131

131

105

30 Glenesk. str.

2,275

Webster

Straits Settlements

278

7

289

106

30 Oanfa, str.

1,970

Shaw

65

""

107

108

"

31

111

59

109 April

110

30 Thisbe, str.

Japan, str.

2 Myrmidon, str.

2 China, str.

2 Empress of China, str.

1,865 British

1,816

11

1,113 German 3,003 British

1,789 Austrian

Kossovich

193

""

Olifent

"

331

58

0 10

278

67

210

395

Nelson

143

143

"1

Voss

337

1

13

00

8

7

365

Archibald

Vancouver, B.C.

45

:

45

Port Darwin

1

Thursday Island

1

Townsville

112

1J

2 Changsha, str.

1,463

Williams

3

Brisbane

29

1

Sydney

12

Melbourne

11

113

""

4 Bisagno, str.

1.499 Italian

Baccerini

Straits Settlements

83

83

114

1

4 Cheang Hye Teng, str.

923 British

Scott

""

220

220

115

19

5

Choy Sang, str.

1,194

Bradley

411

"J

17

5

435

116

"J

6 Chow Fa, str.

1,055

Phillips

Bangkok

110

110

117

"

8 Lennox, str.

1,327

Ward

Straits Settlements

130

130

118

"}

8 Cheang Hock Kian, str.

956

Dinsdale

,,

"

305

305

119

""

9 Polyhymnia, str.

947 German

Voltmer

128

128

120

""

9 Presto, str.

655

Jessen

Bangkok

30

30.

121

"

11

City of Peking, str.

3,129 American

Searle

San Francisco

84

5

LA

96

122

""

11 Ravenna, str.

1,916 British

Crewe

Straits Settlements

32

:

32

123

""

11 Polyphemus, str..

1,813

Lee

"2

14

44

124

11 Namkiang, str.

125

29

12 Arratoon Apcar, str.

999 1,392

Witt

213

"

??

10

3

230

Hansen

"

450

19

8

రా

476

126

13 Preussen, str.

2,573 German

Hogemann

99

87

20

117

127

13 Bantam, str.

1,457 Dutch

Van der Valk

254

22

N

265

128

"}

16 Lombardy, str.

1,571 | British

Cole

100

""

113

129

"

19 Mogul, str.

1,827

Johnson

121

"7

""

130

"}

19 Diamond, str.

1,030

Snow

581

""

""

20

24

130

613

131

19 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012

Morris

""

Bangkok

168

168

132

""

19 Chusan, str.................

623 | German

Wendt

"

:74

74

133

19 | Oceanic, str.

2,440 British

Smith

San Francisco

136

10

2

150

134

"

20 | Glenshiel, str.

2,240

Jones

Straits Settlements

"

330

330

135

"7

21 Malacca, str.

2,616

Case

149

19

149

136

39

21 Moyune, str.

1,714

Hogg

""

65

65

137

وو

22 Priam, str.

1,803

12

138

23 Chelydra, str.

1,574

Wilding Cass

48

""

48

"

431

17

8

1

460

Carried forward.....

226,399

Carried forward..

27,663 756

335 173

28,927

192

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,-Continued.

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME,

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M.

F.

M.

F.

Brought forward...

226,399

139 April 25 Benlomond, str.

1,752 British

140

"

141

* A

25 Flintshire, str...

1,871

""

"

25 Glucksburg, str.

918 German

Thompson Dwyer Thomsen

Brought forward... 27,663|||| 756 Straits Settlements

335

173

28,927

34

34

102

102

"1

241

3

250

Thursday Island

10

Cooktown

9

142

19

26 Chingtu, str.

1,459 British

Hunt

Townsville

Brisbane

10

100

12

Sydney

30

5

3

Melbourne

12

143

"

27 Thibet, str.

1,665

"9

144

+

28

Daphne, str.

1,395 German

Wibmer Voss

Straits Settlements

61

219

233

93

145

>>

28

Taichiow, str.

862 British

Unsworth

Bangkok

711

146

147

99

28

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

2,275 American

Ward

San Francisco

87

""

28

Empress of India, str.

3,003 British

Marshall

Vancouver, B.C.

63

82282

87

63

Port Darwin

Townsville

25

148

??

29 Guthrie, str.

1,494

Helms

New Zealand

17

89

Sydney

11

Melbourne

28

1

149 150

29

Namyang, str..

984

Smith

Straits Settlements

321

11

340

30

Maria Teresa, str.

1,922 Austrian

Deperis

139

14

166

"

151 May

2

Cheang Hye Teng, str.

923 British

Scott

231

242

>>

152

2 Lightning, str.

2,124

""

Spence

420

47

.484

153

""

2 Gwalior, str.

1,648

""

Speck

102

7

111

"

154

23

2 Benledi, str.

1,481

Clark

148

2

150

155

"

3 Bormida, str.

1,499 Italian

Susini

51

51

156

4 Loo Sok, str.

1,020 British

Benson

Bangkok

2321

232

157

5

Ping Suey, str.

1,982

39

Jaques

Straits Settlements

70

70

158

6 Ajax, str.

1,477

Rawlings

25

25

""

159

160

Kreimhild, str.

Omega,.....

1,709 German

Ehlers

224

240

480 British

Brown

Callao

49

1

56

161

19

9 Devawongse, str.

1,057

Loff

"

Bangkok

75

75

162

"2

9 Kutsang, str.

1,495

163

9 Teheran, str.

1,671

"

Jackson Tocque

Straits Settlements

371

45

14

14

444

79

79

164

"

9 Zambesi, str.

1,565

Edwards

Honolulu

115

123

""

Portland, Oregon

165

27

10 Bayern, str...

2,576 German

Engelbart

Straits Settlements

168

:ཨ

21

201

Port Darwin

166

10 Catterthun, str.

1,406 British

Shannon

Thursday Island

59

Sydney

29

Melbourne

22

167

"

11 Gaelic, str.

2,691

Pearne

San Francisco

124

3

135

168

11 Shantung, str...

1,835

Park

Straits Settlements

231

235

169

13 Borneo, str.

1,490 Dutch

Klein

163

167

170

??

13 Brindisi, str. ...............

2,129 British

Street

35

35

171

""

14 Chow Fa, str.

1,055

11

Phillips

Bangkok

165

165

172

""

16 Chow Chow Foo, str.....

796 German

Clausen

Straits Settlements

102

102

173

33

17 Japan, str.

1,865 British

Hamilton

436 15

16

471

174

"J

17 Diamond, str.

1,030

Robinson

660 20

10

699

"

"

175

"J

18 Agamemnon, str.

1,491

Williams

167

6

3

176

""

"

176

13

1S | Phra Chula Chom Klao, S.

1,012

""

177

"

19 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

Morris Lee

Bangkok

50

50

33

Vancouver, B.C.

37

1

1

39

178

">

19 Glenorchy, str.

1,822

""

Ferguson

Straits Settlements

30

30

179

"3

19 Nestor, str.

1,269

""

Thompson

148

11

159

180

>>

21

Energia, str.

2,064

Stokes

143

4

3

150

""

19

181

"

21

Lydia, str.

1,170 German

Forck

186

186

""

182

"1

21

Wing Sang, str.

1,517 British

Ste. Croix

253

54

9

4

320

11

183

""

23 Rohilla, str....

2,175

""

Jephson

35

35

"

184

23 Glamorganshire, str.

1,843

Davies

130

130

"

185

23 China, str.

2,401

35

Seabury

San Francisco

151

12

CO

173

Port Darwin

4

Cooktown

5

Townsville

12

186

24 Tai Yuan, str..

1,459

Nelson

95

Brisbane

10

Sydney

6

Melbourne

58

187

24 Ningchow, str.

1,735

">

188

"

24 Venetia, str.

1,551

"

Allan Curry

Straits Settlements

1401

144

98

104

189

99

24 Ooryia, str.

419

2

Daly

28

28

190

26 Prometheus, str.

""

1,492

""

191

""

28 Namkiang, str.

999

Webster Witt

235

235

467 23

16

11

517

>>

1

192

"?

30 Teresa, str.

753

Slaker

260 10

9

10

289

""

"

193

"

30 China, str.

1,113 | German

194

"}

30 Melpomene, str.

195

30 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,848 Austrian 1,392 British

Voss Mitis Hansen

413

16

14

11

454

"

240

7

247

114

14

8

7

443

Dilly, Timor

3

Port Darwin

7

Cooktown

2

196

30 Menmuir, str. .........................

1,287

>>

Craig

Brisbane

45

Sydney

15

New Zealand

4

Melbourne

12

...

197

92

31 Glengyle, str.

2,244

97

Glegg

Straits Settlements

30

30

198 June

1 Cheang Hye Teng, str.

923

Scott

256

""

33.

199

31

2 Niobe, str.

1,440 German

Pfaff

178

so as

264

19

189

77

200

"

3 Devawongse, str.

1,057 British

Loff

Bangkok

270

270

201

""

4 Cathay, str.

1,873

19

Symons

Straits Settlements

581

58

202

7 Belgic, str.

2,695

Walker

San Francisco

131

139

"

203

"

7 Empress of China, str.

3,003

Archibald

"J

Vancouver, B.C.

491

51

204

"

7 Chelydra, str. ..........

1,574

Cass

"

Carried forward....

331,627

Straits Settlements

Carried forward........

352

I

361

38,599 1,174

320

295

40,588

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,-Continued.

CHILDREN.

193

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP:

ADULTS.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M.

F

M. F.

Brought forward....

331,627

205 June

7

Bisagno, str.

1,499 Italian

Baccerini

206

8

Loo Sok, str.

1,020 British

Benson

Brought forward... 38,599 1,174 Straits Settlements Bangkok

520 295 40,588

194

194

83

83

207

19

9

Diomed, str.

1,432

Dickens

Straits Settlements

236

3

4

250

""

208

11

9

Cheang Hock Kian, str..

956

Dinsdale

577

30 17

627

""

}}

209

#1

13

Guy Mannering, str.

1,829

Ford

54

54

"

"7

:

210

""

13

Nizam, str.

1,615

"

Langborne

80

80

211

""

13

Cheang Chew, str.

1,213

Kunath

336

12

10

99

5

356

212

""

13

Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012

Fowler

""

Bangkok

24

24

213

"

13

Nurnberg, str...

2,007 German

Heintz

Straits Settlements

141

::

145

214

"

14

Teucer, str.

1,803 British

Riley

153

165

11

215 216

11

14

Glenfruin, str.

1,892

Norman

201

6

3

217

"

""

"

14

Bantam, str.

217

"

14

City of Peking, str.

218

"

15

Bellona, str....

219

""

16

Chow Fa, str.

1,055 British

220

18

Malwa, str.

1,694

1,457 | Dutch

3,129 American

1,722 German

Searle

Jager Stonham Preston

Van der Valk

250

250

San Francisco

74

80

Straits Settlements

100

50

3

1

154

Bangkok

109

109

Straits Settlements

24

::

24

221

18 Oopack, str..

1,730

Davies

184

7

5

200

11

>>

222

20 Benlarig, str.

1,453

Le Boutillier

34

34

223

20 Phra Chula Chom Klao, S.

1,012

Morris

Bangkok

76

76

***

224

20

11

Chow Chow Foo, str...

796 German

Clausen

Straits Settlements

265

4

275

225

J

20

Lightning, str.

2,124 British

Spence

27

510 12

13

10

545

226

""

21

Shanghai, str.

2,044

227

""

22

Titan, str.

1,525

21

228

??

23 Monmouthshire, str.

1,871

Hall Brown Cuming

196

4

204

""

160

160

39

301

30

""

..

229

24 Teresa, str.

753

>>

"

Slaker

432

17

3

458

230

99

25

Pathan, str.

1,762

Wright

160

165

>>

231

"1

25

Siam, str...............

992

Tulloch

""

288

7

ہے

305

Port Darwin

Cooktown

Townsville

232

>>

25 Tsinan, str.

1,459

Allison

Brisbane

.87

""

New Zealand

Sydney

6

Melbourne

52

233

27 Kutsang, str.

1,495

Jackson

Straits Settlements

397

34

19

7

457

234

་་

27 Thibet, str.

1,665

""

Wibmer

129

2

131

235

27 Empress of India, str..

3,003

Marshall

Vancouver, B.C.

132

132

:

236

وو

27 Oceanic, str.

2,440

Smith

San Francisco

118

3

132

237

27

Kong Beng, str..

862

>>

Jackson

Bangkok

50

...

50

238

"

28 Devawongse, str.

1,057

Loff

75

75

239

""

29

Elektra, str.

1,996 Austrian

Mariani

Straits Settlements

284

284

240

30

Aglaia, str.

241 July

2 Cheang Hye Teng, str.

242

2 Dardanus, str..

1,666 German

923 British

1,507

Christensen

328 11

Scott

- 3

12

497 13

26

3

354

8

524

""

梦梦

Purdy

62

""

243

"

2 Mongkut, str.

859

"

Deans

Bangkok

36

::

62

36

244

4 Bormida. str.

1,499 Italian

Susini

Straits Settlements

70

8

80

>

245

4 Kintuck, str.

2,312 British

Thomson

159

12

171

33

"

Port Darwin

1

Cooktown

Townsville

Brisbane Graymouth

246

"

4 Airlie, str.

1,492

Ellis

Dunedin

85

Wellington

11

Christchurch

2

Auckland

1

Sydney

46

:

Adelaide

3

247 248

6 Lombardy, str.

"

7 Namyang, str..

1,571 984

"1

Cole Smith

Straits Settlements

75

5

80

593

12

13

3

621

>>

249

7 Japan, str.

"1

1,865

Sundberg

376 36

3

418

""

250

""

8 Cardiganshire, str.

1,624

"

Parsons

30

30

"

251

9 City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

22

2,275 American

Cavarly

San Francisco

111

111

252

19

9| Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012 British

Fowler

Bangkok

90

90

253

19

11 Sachsen, str.

2,874 German

Supmer

Straits Settlements

143

23

11

8

185

254

*

11

Cheang Hock Kian, str..

956 British

Dinsdale

450

450

19

255

12

Wing Sang, str.

"}

256

12

Orestes, str.

"

257

12 Teheran, str.

258

14 Borneo, str.

19

1,517 1.279 1,671 1,490 Dutch

*

Ste. Croix

>

375 35

14

433

""

"

Barr Tocque Klein

160

160

66

66

179

11

259

16 Telemachus, str.

11

1,397 British

Jones

135

11

260

18 Surat, str.....................

1,677

27

Sleeman

30

3

co as an

198

149

38

27

Port Darwin

Cooktown

261

18 Changsha, str.

Brisbane

1,463

19

Williams

38

Sydney

26

Melbourne

2

Adelaide

1

262

18 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

Straits Settlements

399

263

18 Keemoon, str.

1,985

Kemp

70

264

"

18 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

Lee {

Victoria, B.C.

23

Vancouver, B.C.

47

265

19 Chow Fa, str.

1,055

Stonham

""

29

Bangkok

100

Q

:

:..

3

404

70

76

100

Honolulu

68

3

266

وو

21

Gaelic, str.

2,691

Pearne

་་

San Francisco

221

145

2

3

267

""

22

Sikh, str.

1,736

268

25 Teresa, str.

753

1

269

"

25 Cheang Chew, str.

1,213

Rowley

Slaker

Kunath

Straits Settlements

189

3

200

292 18

5

??

389

5

10

270

271

27 Independent, str.

27 Telamon, str.

871 German

Schall

Mauritius

176

3

2

w w w

3

318

3

407

3

184

1,555 British

Jackson

Straits Settlements

100

3

1

104

Carried forward....

437,168

Carried forward..

50,927 1,613

729

391

53,663

194

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,—Continued.

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M. F.

M.

F.

Brought forward..

437,168

272 July

28

Hupeh, str.

1,846 British

273

28 Salatiga, str.

1,640 German

274

??

28 Angers, str.

2,077 British

Quail Hildebrandt Pinkham

Brought forward... 50,927 1,613 Straits Settlements

729 394

53,663

89

3

98

158

6

""

5

177

26

26

275

276

29 Chelydra, str.

29 Berenice, str.

1,574

Cass

300

8

99

2

315

1,633 Austrian

Mersa

45

45

Dilly, Timor

2

Port Darwin

4

277

""

29 Guthrie, str.

1,494 British

Helms

Wellington

2

37

Sydney

201

Melbourne

9

278 279

11

30 Kong Beng, str.

862

11

30

Glengarry, str.

1,925

Jackson Selby

Bangkok

481

Straits Settlements

76

10

48

90

280 Aug.

2 Phra Nang, str.

1,021

"ያ

Watton

Victoria, B.C.

3

Tacoma, U.S.A.

2

10

281

>:

2❘ China, str.

2,401

282

"

3 Bisagno, str.

1,499 Italian

Seabury Baccerini

San Francisco

177

8

N

Co

Straits Settlements

83

283

""

3 Namyang, str.

984 British

Smith

518

22

284

"

5 Oldenburg, str.

3,405 German

Gathemann

153

35

""

285

"

5 Mongkut, str.

859 British

British

Bangkok

67

286

6

Ching Wo, str.

1,556

Gratton

39

Straits Settlements

136

287

6

Cheang Hye Teng, str.

923

17

288

8 Lightning, str.

2,124

"

Scott Spence

229

19

416 40

පසය

3

3

10 CO

47

190

83 546

200

:

13

289

8 Radnorshire, str.

1,889

Davies

34

21

""

290

??

9

Empress of China, str.

3,003

""

Archibald

291

??

11

Benvenue, str.........

1,468

Thomson

"

292

"

12 Bantam, str.

1,457 Dutch

Van der Valk

293

"

12 Chingtu, str.

1,459 British

Vancouver, B.C. Straits Settlements

""

Port Darwin

Townsville Brisbane

64

67

140

236

463

34

65

85

55

2

14

Hunt

97

Sydney

33

Melbourne

40

Adelaide

1

294

295

""

13

Frigga, str.

1,295 German

Nagel

Straits Settlements

130

5

3

138

"

15

Cathay, str.

1,873 British

Symons

43

43

""

296

"

15

Cheang Hock Kian, str.

956

Dinsdale

570

10

580

297

19

15

Velocity,

491

Martin

Honolulu

97

97

298

";

16

Glenearn, str.

1,409

Murray

Straits Settlements

52

1

53

299

16 Kutsang, str.

1,495

Jackson

17

118

53

300

"

17 Palamed, str.

1,489

Jackson

216

""

27

75

15

7

189

5

253

19

301

17 Taicheong, str.

828 German

Spiesen

Medan, Sumatra

74

74

302

18 Nanshan, str.

805 British

Blackburn

Bangkok

87

::

87

303

11

20

Belgic, str.

2,695

29

301

"

20

Kaisow, str....

1,934

""

305

306

??

22

Catherine Apcar, str..

1,734

Walker Gray Olifent

San Francisco

225

6

4

239

Straits Settlements

239

10

15

264

6701

""

30

9

11

720

*

24

Kong Beng, str.

862

Jackson

"

Bangkok

64

64

307

""

25

Hesperia, str.

1,123 German

Witt

Straits Settlements

168

188

308

P1

26

Palinurus, str.

1,536 British

Jackson

322

11

3

340

309

"

26

Electra, str......

1,162 German

Madsen

123

130

17

310

""

27 Ghazee, str.

1,764 British

Scotland

148

164

"}

Port Darwin

12

Thursday Island

3

311

"

29 Catterthun, str.

1,406

Thomson

"

Cooktown

32

Townsville

312

29 Tai Yuan, str...

1,459

Nelson

"

Sydney Brisbane

Cooktown

Sydney

15

31

4

52

21

Melbourne

16

313

??

29 Peru, str.

314

>>

29 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, 8.

315

"

29 Bokhara, str.

316

??

30 Empress of India, str.....

2,540 American 1,012 British 1,697 3,003 British

Ward

San Francisco

194

00

203

Morris

Bangkok

70

70

Sams

99

Straits Settlements

19

22

Marshall

Vancouver, B.C.

113

113

317

"

30 Bayern, str.

318

""

30 Wing Sang, str.

319

""

31 Achilles, str.

1,488

#1

320

"

31 Namyang, str........

984

29

2,576 German 1,517 British

Hogemann Ste. Croix Bartlett Smith

Straits Settlements

107

:ཨེ

20

316

45

~✯

136

12

380

""

58

58

472

18

""

502

321 Sept.

1 Cheang Chew, str.

1,213

Kunath

5001

""

10

6

520

322

A

1 Moyune, str.

1,714

Perrelle

.42

99

:

42

323

""

2 Thisbe, str.

1,789 Austrian

Kossovich

750

*

750

324

"2

2 Carmarthenshire, str.

1,776 British

Clark

24

""

24

325

"1

2 Mongkut, str.

859

Deans

Bangkok

40

40

326

**

3 Bormida, str.

1,499 Italian

Susini

Straits Settlements

45

45

327

??

5 Taichiow, str.

862 British

Unsworth

Bangkok

30

30

328

"

6 Priok, str.

329

19

7 Glenartney, str.

1,637 German 1,944 British

Petersen

Straits Settlements

135 8

3

147

McGregor

190

330

8 Cheang Hye Teng, str.

331

"

9 Arratoon Apcar, str.

923 1,392

"

Scott Hansen

??

>>

199

217 28

2

253

422

15

4

441

332

9 Borneo, str.

1,490 Dutch

Klein

Batavia

34

34

333

12 Oceanic, str.

2,440 British

Smith

San Francisco

410 12

424

334

>>

12 Rosetta, str...

2,039

Gadd

Straits Settlements

50

50

335

99

12 | Argyll, str.

1,886

Williamson

105

"7

"

2

107

336

"

14 Thibet, str.

1,665

Wibmer

232

""

**

232

337

"

15 Chelydra, str.

1,574

Cass

499

""

"

11

510

338

*

19

Laertes, str......

1,351

Scale

369

"

""

22

5

400

339

19

13

Oanfa, str.

1,970

Shaw

172

"

97

4

176

340

"

19 Nanshan, str.

805

Blackburn

>>

Bangkok

21

21

341

342

"

343

M

20 Kong Beng, str.

20 City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

20 Cyclops, str.

2,275 American

Nish

862

Jackson

65

19

59

65

Smith

San Francisco

150

152

1,363 British

Straits Settlements

95

95

344

"

20 Cheang Hock Kian, str. .

956

Dinsdale

449

11

5

3

3

460

Carried forward......... 551,684

Carried forward..............

63,641 2,136

909

487

67,173

A

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,-Continued.

CHILDREN.

195

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M. F.

M.

F

Brought forward...... 551,684-

Brought forward..... 63,641 2,136

909 487

67,173

345 Sept. 20

Denbighshire, str.

1,663 British

Vyvyan

Straits Settlements

178

12

4

200

346

"

21

Empress of Japan. str....

3,003

Lee

Victoria, B.C.

30

122

>>

Tacoma, U.S.A.

90

347

22 Chowfa, str...............

1,055

Stonham

Bangkok

72

72

""

348

"

24 Lightning, str.

2,124

Spence

Straits Settlements

394

25

422

349

26 Daphne, str,

1,291 German

Voss

139

112

""

350

19

26 China, str.

1,113

Voss

491

16

7

517

"

"

351

>"

27 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012 British

Morris

Bangkok

501

50

352

"

28

Myrmidon, str.

1,816

Nelson

Straits Settlements

367 13

380

353

29

""

Maria Teresa, str.

1,922 Austrian

Deperis

270

7

4

6

287

""

354

""

29

Mongkut, str.

859 British

Deans

Bangkok

60

60

355 356

"

29

Gaelic, str.

2,691

Pearne

San Francisco

242

10

"

30

Neckar, str..

1,492 German

Schmoelder

Straits Settlements

156

14

11

10 CO

263

6

187

Port Darwin

16

:

Thursday Island

1

Cooktown

7

357

"1

30 Tsinan, str.

1,460 British

Townsville

4

Allison

82

Brisbane

13

New Zealand

Sydney

3

Melbourne

35

358 October 3 Kutsang, str.

359

4 Gwalior, str.

1,495 1,648

Jackson

Straits Settlements

354

46

12

10

422

"

Speck

1811 11

4

196

"

"

360

""

6 Namyang, str...

984:

Smith

557

36

12

16

621

""

""

361

6

Ping Suey, str.

1,982

Jaques

96

96

...

"2

362

6 Kriemhild, str....

1,709 German

Ehlers

191

6

4

2

203

363

""

6 Taichiow, str.

$62 British

Unsworth

Bangkok

401

40

...

364

,,

7 Agamemnon, str.

1,491

Williams

Straits Settlements

226

??

365

8 Bisagno, str.

1,499 Italian

Baccerini

57

366

""

10

Priam, str.

1,803 British

Wilding

61

737

6

4

243

3

60

7

68

#

367

10

Ravenna, str.

1,916

Browne

39

39

??

,,

368

11

11 Empress of China, str.

3,003

Archibald

Victoria, B.C.

11

179

"

Vancouver, B.C.

168

369

39

11 Tartar, str.

1,568

??

Bailey

Straits Settlements

200

200

Dilly, Timor

28

10

7

370

11 Airlie, str.

1,492

??

Ellis

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Cooktown

Townsville

Rockhampton

Brisbane

Dunedin

22OON-

...

152

Wellington

Sydney

47

Melbourne

Adelaide

371

""

12 Bombay, str.

372

}}

12 Diamond, str.

2,048 1,030

Blackburn Thom

Straits Settlements

100

100

503

33

9

"?

373

"

374

*

13 Taicheong, str.

14 City of Peking, str.

828 German

Speisen

Medan, Sumatra

281

Straits Settlements

9

3,129 American

Searle

San Francisco

190

375

35

14 | Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012 British

Fowler

Bangkok

50

Q

::;

5

10

554

37

5

210

50

376

#

15 Catherine Apcar, str..

1,734

Olifent

Straits Settlements

549 39

22

4

614

""

377

:

17 Devawongse, str. ...........

1,057

Anderson

""

Bangkok

267

267

:

378

18 Glenfalloch, str.

1,434

379

18 Cheang Hye Teng, str....

923

Darke Scott

Straits Settlements

190

473

79

210

2

199

5

487

Townsville

10

Brisbane

10

380

25

19 Changsha, str...

1,463

Williams

60

Sydney

30

Melbourne

10

381

20

Teresa, str.

753

Slaker

Straits Settlements

306

12

11

"?

382

19

21

Lawang, str.

383

""

22

Kong Beng, str.

1,578 German 862 British

Schüder

176

26

324

1

183

""

Jackson

Bangkok

90

90

Honolulu

194

384

19

24 China, str.

2,401

Seabury

12

456

San Francisco

245

385

""

386

步步

24 Nestor, str.

387

24 Surat, str.

""

388

24 Cheang Hock Kian, str....|

25 Chowfa, str..................

956

Dinsdale

Straits Settlements

466

10

482

19

1,269

19

1,677

Thompson Sleeman

180

4

""

3

187

67

2

69

""

1,055

Stonham

""

Bangkok

141

10

15

16

182

389

27 Teheran, str.

1,671

+

11

390

">

28 Wing Sang, str.

1,517

"

391

""

29 Breconshire, str..

1,648

"

392

29 Sachsen, str.

393

11

31 Ningchow, str.

1,735 British

394

31 Moray, str.

1,411

2,575 German

Tocque Ste. Croix

Jackson

Supmer Allen Couche

Straits Settlements

421 17

6

2

446

590

63

21

10

684

"

50

50

دو

171

171

>>

>>

19

~

21

63

63

11

395

31 Ajax, str.

1,477

"J

Rawlings

219

11

231

""

396

31 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012

Morris

29

Bangkok

144

CO

160

397 Nov.

2 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

Straits Settlements

253

260

"

398

""

2 Canton, str.

2,044

Field

110

3

113

""

399

""

2 Belgic, str.

2,695

Walker

San Francisco

411

12

3

430

33

400

"}

3 Mongkut, str.

859

Deans

Bangkok

54

54

"

401

3 Maria Valerie, str.

2,644 | Austrian

Mitis

Straits Settlements

320

17

15

10

362

27

Port Darwin

10

Cooktown

Townsville

Brisbane

Christchurch

402

""

4 Guthrie, str.

1,494 British

Helms

Greymouth

75

Carried forward.................

644,020

Dunedin Sydney

Melbourne

20

18

5

Adelaide

1

Carried forward..

75,762 2,6451,124

616

80,147

196

RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,—Continued.

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME,

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M.

F. M.

F.

Brought forward..........| 644,020

403 Nov.

5

Niobe, str.

1,440 German

Pfaff

Brought forward... 75,762 2,645 | 1,124 Straits Settlements

616

80,147

229

6

243

404

7

Benledi, str.

1,481 British

Clarke

30

30

405

7 Namyong, str..............

984

Smith

""

599 12

7

624

406

8 Empress of India, str.

3,003

Marshall

Victoria, B.C.

47

""

Vancouver, B.C.

291

343

5

407

""

8 Ganges, str.

2,149

Alderton

Straits Settlements

50

50

408

"7

8 Bormida, str.

1,499 Italian

Ansaldo

129

5

22

6

N

409

"

10

Taichiow, str.

862 British

Unsworth

Bangkok

130

410

"}

11

Peru, str.

2,540 American

Ward

San Francisco

280 6

411

"

11

Chelydra, str.

1,574 British

Cass

Straits Settlements

472 28

12

412

*1

11 Diomed, str.

1,432

Dickens

1841 10

""

413

23

12

Diamond, str.

1,030

Thom

431

21

14

PANK

10

840

142

130

288

8

520

202

476

Port Darwin

1

:

Thursday Island

414

??

12 Chingtu, str.

1,459

""

Hunt

Cooktown

Townsville

Brisbane

80

Sydney

40

Newcastle

1

Melbourne

18

415

""

15 Titan, str.

1,525

Brown

Straits Settlements

167

3

170

Victoria, B.C.

18

416

"J

16 Loo Sok, str.

1,020

Perkes

""

Seattle, U.S.A.

5

37

Tacoma. U.S.A.

14)

417

"

16 Glamorganshire, str.

1,843

Davies

""

Straits Settlements

112

3

115

418

"

16 Glenorchy, str.

1,822

99

Ferguson

190

4

200

...

419

"

17 Lightning, str.

2,124

Spence

399 35

1

435

420

18

"

Formosa, str.

2,616

12

421

"

18

Pakling, str.

1,911

19

422

423

??

18

Kong Beng, str.

862

Baker Lang Jackson

192

198

...

116

4

"

120

""

Bangkok

109

109

...

"

21

Oceanic, str.

2,440

Smith

Honolulu

98

7

San Francisco

477

590

5

1

424

??

21

Sutlej, str.

2,103

Worcester

""

Straits Settlements

34

***

34

425

"

21

Teresa, str.

753

Slaker

146

4

3

"3

1

154

426

,,

21

Cheang Chew, str.

1,213

Kunath

568 15

7

""

"

596

427

""

23 Kutsang, str.

1,495

Jackson

379 21

4

>>

4

408

428

23

22

Chow Fa, str.

1,055

Stonham

29

Bangkok

130

130

429

""

25

Darmstadt, str.

3,405 German

Schuckmann

Straits Settlements

260

8

10

430

"2

25

Ulysses, str......................

2,299 British

Lapage

370

3

10 M

283

""

3

380

431

22

26

Peiyang, str.

952 German

Voltmer

52

4

56

"

432

39

28 Cheang Hock Kian, str....

956 British

Dinsdale

275

10

8

299

433

""

28 Bellona, str......................

1,722 German

Jager

90

90

434

"3

29 Siam, str.................

992 British

Nicol

Bangkok

23

435

""

30

Tailee, str.

828 German

Calender

Medan, Sumatra

254

:::

23

258

436 Dec.

1

City of Rio de Janeiro, str.

2,275 American

Smith

San Francisco

369

12

437

"

2 Catherine Apcar, str.....

1,734 British

Olifent

Straits Settlements

542

35

438

""

5

Cheang Hye Teng, str.

923

Scott

15

287

439

""

5 Electra, str......

440

19

5 Mongkut, str.

1,996 Austrian 859 British

Mariani

309

2577

4254

3

388

10

589

299

320

Deans

Bangkok

80

80

Port Darwin

Thursday Island

Cooktown

141

"

5 Tai Yuan, str......................

1,459

Nelson

""

Townsville

16

55

Brisbane

1

Sydney Newcastle

10

3

+

Melbourne

12

442

15

5 Empress of Japan, str.

3,003

??

443

6 | Phra Chula Chom Klao, s.

1,012

>>

444

6 Shanghai, str.

2,044

Lee

Morris Hall

Victoria, B.C.

46

Vancouver, B.C.

336

382

***

Bangkok

251

2

27

...

Straits Settlements

2001

4

4

2

210

445

7 Taichiow, str.

862

Unsworth

Bangkok

37

37

...

Dilly, Timor

22

}

Port Darwin

2

446

15

9 Catterthun, str.

1,406

Shannon

Sydney

561

""

New Zealand

120

26

Melbourne

13

Adelaide

1

447

"1

9 Namyong, str....

984

>>

448

9 Oopack, str....

1,730

"}

Smith Davies

Straits Settlements

521

16

00

11

546

170

170

449

99

9

Prometheus, str..

1,492

21

Webster

217

3

220

450

"

10 Loo Sok, str.

1,020

??

Benson

Bangkok

50

50

451

""

12 Gaelic, str.

2,691

"

Pearne

San Francisco

585

452

19

12 Bisagno, str.

1,499 Italian

453

19

14 Pembrokeshire, str.

454

"

14 Wing Sang, str.

1,717 British 1,517

Baccerini Geddye

Straits Settlements

78

72

3

2

597

80

36

:>

::

36

""

Ste. Croix

538

47

ད;

co

8

601

455

""

456

14 Lothair,

457

11

14 Kong Beng, str.

15 Diamond, str.

458

16 Java, str.

2,631

459

"J

16 Tsinan, str.

1,460

19

460

21

"J

Verona, str.

1,876

""

862

794 Italian

1,030 British

Jackson

Gordella

Thom. Bason

Allison

Seymour

Sydney

Bangkok

34

34

Callao, Peru

137

2 11 22

222

172

Straits Settlements

4041

404

378

380

"

Townsville

7

Brisbane

...

44

16

...

Melbourne

14

Straits Settlements

19

22

461

"

23

Bayern, str.

2,576 German

Engelbart

282

282

462

23

JJ

Phra Chom Klao, str.

1,012 British

Fowler

Bangkok

66

...

86

463

""

27

Glengyle, str.

2,244

Gasson

Straits Settlements

29

206

11

220

464

19

27 Dardanus, str..........................

1,507

"

Purdy

255 10

270

465

32

27 Arratoon Apcar, str.

1,392

Hansen

"?

392 35

2

435

""

Carried forward...........

745,016

Carried forward..

90,0103,0741,284

738

95,106

I

Return of Vessels bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,—Continued.

197

No.

DATE ARRIVED.

SHIP'S NAME.

TONS.

NATION- ALITY OF SHIP.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

MASTER'S NAME.

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL.

M.

F. M.

F.

Brought forward,............ | 745,016

Brought forward... 90,010| 3,074 |1,281

738! 95,106

466 Dec. 27

Aglaia, str.

1,556 German

Christensen

Straits Settlements

303 18

330

467

"

27

City of Peking, str.

3,129 American

Searle

San Francisco

393

11

3

408

468

27

Phra Nang, str.

1,021 British

Watton

Bangkok

72

72

469

28 Namkiang, str.

999

Witt

Straits Settlements

509

25

20

10

564

""

470

>>

30 Chelydra, str.

1,574

Cass

453 10

469

">

"

Honolulu

140

471

30 China, str.

2,401

"

Seabury

545

San Francisco

371

472

19

31

Thibet, str.

1,665

Bishop

Straits Settlements

122

122

473

31

Mirzapore, str.

2,168

Carvey

26

26

474

31

Kintuck, str.

2,312

Kemp

78

78

#

475

31

Teviot, str.

1,349

Ferrier

50

50

476

31 | Orion, str.

1,760 Austrian

Walluschnig

201

201.

TOTAL TONS....

764,950

TOTAL PASSENGERS

92,731 3,149 1,334

757

97,971

From Bangkok, Siam,

11

Batavia,

19

Callao, Peru,

11

Dilly, Timor,

""

71

Honolulu, Sandwich Islands,

Mauritius,

Medan, Sumatra,

""

Melbourne,

19

New South Wales Ports, .........

New Zealand Ports,

"}

":

Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.,

Queensland Ports,

"

San Francisco, U.S.A.,

Seattle, U.S.A.,

"

Straits Settlements,

""

19

Tacoma, U.S.A.,

South Australian Ports,

Vancouver, British Columbia,

" Victoria, British Columbia,...

""

SUMMARY.

ADULTS.

CHILDREN.

VALUE OF

WHERE FROM.

TOTAL. TREASURE

M. F.

M. F.

BROUGHT,

5,108

16

21

22

5,167

...

37

37

186

16

23

228

67

10

81

712

5:

1,090

27

12

755

176

2

181

356

360

512

3

1

517

672

17

698 $1,391,362

172

172

:

29

29

417

3

421

$ 21,883

7,526

210

88

5

5

158

1

74,418 2,860 1,152

635

79,065

106

2

1,724

11

9

3501

108 1,747 355

$

7,879 $7,647,742

160 $ 32,851

4

795 53,500

}

TOTAL PASSENGERS,

92,731 3,149 1,334 757 97,971

$9,149,223

1.

198

XXI.-RETURN of MARINE CASES tried at the MARine Magistrate'S COURT, during the year 1892.

DEFENDANTS HOW DISPOSED OF.

NATURE OF CHARGE.

Absent from Ship without leave,

Assault,

Carrying excess of Passengers, Steam-launches, Desertion,

False Particulars-Giving (Junk),

Found stowed away,

Harbour Regulations,-Breach of (Junk),

Leaving the Harbour during prohibited hours,

(Junk),

Leaving without Clearance, (Junk),

Leaving without Clearance, (Steam-launch),

Neglecting to exhibit a light, (Steam-launch),

Obstruction of Fairways,

Plying for hire without a licence, (Boat), Refusal of Duty,

No. of Cases.

3

12

16

2

12

19

17

74

1

1

114

222222

1

Fined.

*

Amount of Fines.

::

1

4

5

1

15.00

13.00

64.00

4

N:

1

2

15

5.00

1.00

...

91.00

20.00

3

1

40.00

1

5.00

2

30.00

19

100.00

22

94.00

3

...

Years.

Passenger

Certificate

and Bottom.

Emigration.

Tonnage for

Registration.

British Tonnage.

Foreign Vessels Certificate for

Inspection of

Crew space,

Lights and

Markings.

Minor Inspec- tions.

Survey of Licen- | sed Passenger Steam-launches.

Survey of Boilers under Construction.

Inspection of Government

Launches.

Examination

of Engineers.

Examination of Chinese Engi-

neers for Steam- launches.

Estimated total number of visits in

connection with fore-

ign Inspections.

Steam-launch, Breach of Condition of Licence, Throwing Ballast, &c. into the Harbour, Wilfully remaining behind,

Total,.......

79 178

81

4

10

5

80

1

3

::

XXIII.—RETURN of WORK performed by the GOVERNMENT Marine Surveyor's Department.

Co

488.00

:

10.00

9 months in

1881,.....

95

67

1882,.

154

127

1883,.

144 102

1884,.

200 141

10

1885,

153 113

6

1886,.

149

76

1887,

153

101

1888,.

161

97

1889,.

130

1890,

112

1891,

108

1892,.....

122

1785

73

77

38

00 00 00 ✪ CO ICO I ∞ ∞ ∞ CO

10100023 AHU CO

3

3

8

9

6

:2575

10

4

35

}

284

1

15

6

20

6

26

33

6

60

33

8

1

11

69

16

9

တတ်

46

6

472

57

1

461

55

8

699

50

29

737

36

16

870

6

9

72

15

14

42

31

930

1

80

1

6

42

36

1,042

3

80

1

3

84

I

1

73

3

16

1

85

10

16

18578

39

36

1,127

61

19

986

44

19

1,615

60

96

1,678

XXIV.-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OFFICE.

IMPORTS.

MALWA.

PATNA.

BENARES.

PERSIAN.

Chests.

Chests.

Chests.

Chests.

TURKISH. Chests.

TOTAL.

Chests.

1891,................. 1892,......

.12,420

24,520

15,435

5,925

119

58,4193

...13,118

23,041

13,431

7,171

103

56,8641

Increase,

698

1,2451

Decrease,

1,479

2,004

16

1,5551

EXPORTS.

MALWA.

ΡΑΤΝΑ,

BENARES.

Chests.

Chests.

Chests.

PERSIAN. Chests.

TURKISH.

TOTAL.

Chests.

Chests.

1891.

11,8291

24,440

15,654

5,978

96

57,998

1892,

.11,947

19,948

12,882

7,7371

111

52,6252

Increase,

118

<

1,7582

14

Decrease,

M

4,492

2,772

5,3722

Through Cargo reported in Manifests but not landed, 1891,......

1892,..

.18,256 chests. .21,144

"

22

"

Increase,.

2,888 chests.

TONS.

7,000,000

6,900,000

6,800,000

6,700,000

6,600,000

6,500,000

6,400,000

6,300,000

6,200,000

6,100,000

6,000,000

5,900,000

5,800,000

5,700,000

5,600,000

5,500,000

5,400,000

5,300,000

5,200,000

5,100,000

5,000,000

4,900,000

4,800,000

4,700,000

4,600,000

4,500,000

4,400,000

4,300,000

4,200,000

4,100,000

4,000,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700,000

3,600,000

XXII-DIAGRAM of Tonnage entered at Hongkong, fi

RED LINE represents British Shipping Tonnage only.

BLUE LINE represents Foreign Shipping Tonnage only

GREEN LINE represents British and Foreign Shipping

YELLOW LINE represents Junk Tonnage only, excludir

THICK BLACK LINE represents entire Trade in Britis:

1867.

1868.

1874.

1875.

1882.

ed at Hongkong, from 1887 to 1892, inclusive.

pping Tonnage only.

hipping Tonnage only,

and Foreign Shipping Tonnage.

Tonnage only, excluding Local Trade.

entire Trade in British and Foreign Ships and Junks.

1884.

1885.

1886.

1887.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

TONS.

7,000,000

6,900,000

6,800,000

6,700,000

6,600,000

6,500,000

6,400,000

6,300,000

6,200,000

6,100,000

6,000,000

5,900,000

5,800,000

5,700,000

5,600,000

5,500,000.

5,400,000

5,300,000

5,200,000

5,100,000

5,000,000

4,900,000

+,800,000

4,700,000

4,600,000

4,500,000

4,400,000

4,300,000

4,200,000

4,100,000

4,000,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700,000

3,600,000

4,300,000

4,200,000

4,100,000

4,000,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700,000

3,600,000

3,500,000

3,400,000

3,300,000.

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

2,700,000

2,600,000

2,500,000

2,400,000

2,300,000

2,200,000

2,100,000

1,000,000

1,900,000

1,800,000

1,700,000

1,600,000

1,500,000

1,400,000

1,300,000

1,200,000

1,100,000

1,000,000

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

4,300,000

4,200,000

4,100,000

4,000,000

3,900,000

3,800,000

3,700,000

3,500,000

3,500,000

3,400,000

3,300,000

3,200,000

3,100,000

3,000,000

2,900,000

2,800,000

2,700,000

2,600,000

2,500,000

2,400,000

2,300,000

2,200,000

2,100,000

2,000,000

1,900,000

1,800,000

1,700,000

1,600,000

1,500,000

1,400,000

1,300,000

1,200,000

1,100,000

1,000,000

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

.3

NUMBER OF PERMITS, &c. ISSUED.

201

1891.

1892.

Increase.

Decrease.

Landing Permits,

Removal Permits,

344

477

133

.12,995

13,165

170

Export Permits,

8,479

8,837

358

:

Permits to Chinese Customs' Hulk,

368

284

RR

84

Memo. of Exports sent to the Commissioner of Chinese Customs, }

510

539

29

:

SUMMARY OF EXPORTS, 1892.

Malwa

Chests.

Patna Chests.

Benares Persian Chests. Chests.

Turkish Chests.

Total Chests.

Total in

piculs.

By Steamers to Amoy,

Bombay,...

Bunder Abbas,

Bushire,

British Columbia,

British North Borneo,

Cairo,

:

165

199

2,479

1,814

3

4,657

5,237.95

:

3

.

...

:.

:

12

29

:

12

12.3

29

29.725

954

:

:

:.

4

26

3

Cantoul,

1,814

4,959

2,507

1

Chefoo,.

6

1

Foochow,.

2,562

1,066

345

8624

Formosa,

157

4,296

Haiphong,

450

7

Hankow,

62

29

Hoihow,

4

158

6

Macao,

3,642

159

Pakhoi,

Philippine Islands,

84

483

174

79

San Francisco,

1

D

Shanghai,.

4,023/1/

6,014

4,510

166

Straits Settlements,

9

410-

332

210

Swatow,

3,026

1,763

1,311

302

By Junks to various adjacent

Ports in China,

2721

495

55

9

:

:

:

:

:.

954

1,144.8

30

31.45

3

3.075

9,281

10,774.225

11

12.

4,8352

5,139.50625

4,453

4,591.8

457

547.175

91

96.8

168

200.8

110

3,911

4,671.2

:

567

680.4

253

303.6

...

1

1.2

1

14,714

16,823.45

:

:

:

961

1,114.65

6,402

7,024.35

831

941.725

TOTAL,..

11,947

19,948

12,882 7,7371

111

52,625

59,385.18125

The information in column 7 above is on the following assumption :---

Patna and Benares per chest,

Malwa and Turkish per chest,

Persian per chest,....

.1.20 piculs.

.1.00 23

...1.025

";

1

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 1.

WEDNESDAY, 11TH JANUARY, 1893.

1

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

>>

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART).

1}

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

>>

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

37

""

35

""

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 14th December, 1892, were read and confirmed.

VOTE REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of Ilis Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Minute and moved that it be referred to the Finance Committee, viz. :--

C.S.O. 2874 of 1892.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of £500 to cover the cost of show

cases, the pay of an attendant to arrange exhibits, and other expenses, in connection with a proposed representation of the resources of Hongkong at the Imperial Institute to be opened in May next.

Government House, Hongkong, 3rd January, 1893.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

BILL ENTITLED 66 AN ORDINANCE TO DECLARE THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO LOANS AUTHORISED TO BE RAISED BY THE GOVERNMENT of HongkonG AND TO PROVIDE FOR THE CREATION OF INSCRIBED STOCK."-The Colonial Treasurer moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council went into Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported with amendment.

The Colonial Treasurer moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED

“AN ORDINANCE FOR RAISING THE SUM OF £200,000 by Loan FOR THE PURPOSE OF DEFRAYING THE COST OF CERTAIN PUBLIC WORKS."-The Colonial Treasurer moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Attorney General seconded.

Honourable C. P. CHATER moved, as an amendment, that the second reading of the Bill be post- poned for six months.

Honourable E. R. BELILIOS seconded.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD supported the amendment.

The Colonial Secretary replied.

2

A division was taken when there voted

For the amendment.

Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

Against the amendment.

Honourable J. J. BELL-IRVING.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

Harbour Master.

""

C. P. CHATER.

22

>>

Colonial Treasurer.

""

>"

AA

Director of Public Works.

Registrar General.

Attorney General. Colonial Secretary.

The Honourable Ho KAI did not vote.

The amendment was lost by a minority of 4. The original motion was then put.

A division was taken when there voted

For the motion.

Honourable J. J. BELL-IRVING.

,,

Harbour Master.

Against the motion.

Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

""

Director of Public Works. Colonial Treasurer.

C. P. CHATER.

""

""

Registrar General.

""

Attorney General. Colonial Secretary.

The Honourable HO KAI did not vote.

The motion was carried by a majority of 4. Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council went into Committee on the Bill.

Honourable T. II. WHITEHEAD moved that the consideration of the Bill be adjourned until the Despatches to and from the Secretary of State in connection with the loan shall have been made public.

Honourable C. P. CHATER seconded.

The Colonial Secretary replied.

The motion was not pressed to a division.

Honourable Ho KAI moved as an amendment that the last item in the schedule, viz., "Extension and Improvement of the Gaol," be omitted.

Honourable C. P. CHATER seconded. The Colonial Secretary replied.

A division was taken when there voted

For the amendment.

Honourable J. J. BELL-IRVING.

E. R. BELILIOS.

11

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

??

>>

HO KAI.

C. P. CHATER.

The amendment was lost by a minority of 1.

Against the amendment,

Honourable Harbour Master.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

Director of Public Works. Colonial Treasurer.

""

??

Registrar General.

Attorney General.

""

Colonial Secretary.

The Colonial Treasurer moved the third reading of the Bill. The Attorney General seconded.

A division was taken when there voted

For the motion.

Honourable Harbour Master.

Against the motion.

Honourable J. J. BELL-IRVING.

Director of Public Works.

E. R. BELILIOS.

>>

>>

Colonial Treasurer.

""

""

Registrar General.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

HO KAI.

Attorney General.

19

">

C. P. CHATER.

>>

Colonial Secretary.

The motion was carried by a majority of 1.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

1

:

3

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE MARRIAGE ORDINANCE, 1875."-The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE MEDICAL REGISTRATION ORDINANCE, 1884."- Council in Committee on the Bill.

The Attorney General addressed the Council.

Council resumed and Bill reported with amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till Wednesday, the 25th January, at 3 P.M.

J

Read and confirmed, this 25th day of January, 1893.

F. H. MAY,

Acting Clerk of Councils.

$

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

5

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 2.

WEDNESDAY, 25TH JANUARY, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

""

""

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART). the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-Innes).

""

A

>>

"

""

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHItehead.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

""

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 11th January, 1893, were read and confirmed.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers, viz. :—Memòrial respecting Gaol Extension; Corres- pondence respecting the proposed Loan; and the Report of the Government Central School for Girls for 1892.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 11th of January, (No. 1 of 1893).

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A VOLUNTEER FORCE AND TO EMPOWER THE GOVERNOR TO RAISE A SPECIAL FORCE OF COAST DEFENCE VOLUNTEERS IN THE EVENT OF ANTICIPATED WAR."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE HONGKONG CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE.' ”. Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

-The

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE MEANS FOR ASCERTAINING THE AMOUNTS TO BE PAID BY WAY OF COMPENSATION IN RESPECT OF THE WHARVES AND PIERS ALONG THE LINE OF THE PRAYA RECLAMATION, TO FIX THE PERIODS FOR THE PAYMENT THEREOF AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN CONNEC- TION THEREWITH."-The Attorney General, in moving the second reading of the Bill, addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Discussion ensued.

The Council agreed to postpone the second reading of the Bill until the 8th February, 1893. ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till Wednesday, the 8th February, 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

די

Read and confirmed, this 8th day of February, 1893.

F. H. MAY,

Acting Clerk of Councils.

7

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 3.

WEDNESDAY, 8TH FEBRUARY, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.). the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART).

""

"

""

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

""

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

""

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

""

7

ང་

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

""

""

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

""

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 25th January, 1893, were read and confirmed.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers, viz. :-Report of the Captain Superintendent of Police for 1892 and the Report of the Superintendent Victoria Gaol for the same year.

QUESTIONS.-Honourable C. P. CHATER gave notice that at the next meeting he would ask the following questions:-

*

1. What is the total amount so far as has been ascertained to date of the loss occasioned to the

Treasury through the defalcations of A. F. Alves, late Clerk and Accountant therein?

2. Over what period of time have these defalcations extended so far as is at present known? 3. Was the defaulter guaranteed in any way, and if so how, by whom, and to what amount? 4. When were the defalcations first discovered and when were any steps taken for the arrest of the defaulter? Is it a fact as stated in the newspapers that Alves was allowed time during which he was able to make away with the books and accounts incriminating him and to escape from the Colony?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD also gave notice that at the next meeting he would ask the follow- ing question:-

Will the Government appoint a commission composed in the main of persons unconnected with the Government Service to investigate and report publicly on the management of the Treasury Department and on the circumstances connected with A. F. Alves' defalcations?

BILL ENTITLED (C

AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A VOLUNTEER FORCE AND TO EMPOWER the GOVERNOR TO RAISE A SPECIAL FORCE OF COAST DEFENCE VOLUNTEERS IN THE EVENT OF ANTICIPATED WAR."-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council went into Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported with amendments.

Procedure.'

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE HONGKONG CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE." "-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council went into Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE MEANS FOR ASCERTAINING THE AMOUNTS TO BE PAID BY WAY OF COMPENSATION IN RESPECT OF THE WHARVES AND PIERS ALONG THE LINE OF THE PRAYA RECLAMATION, TO FIX THE PERIODS FOR THE PAYMENT THEREOF AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN CONNEC- TION THEREWITH."-The Council on the suggestion of the Attorney General, agreed to postpone the second reading of the Bill.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned till Wednesday, the 8th March, 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

Read and confirmed, this 8th day of March, 1893.

F. H. MAY,

Acting Clerk of Councils.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 4.

WEDNESDAY, 8TH MARCH, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

">

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWArt Lockhart).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

""

9

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

""

>>

Ho KAI, M.B., C.M.

"2

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

ABSENT:

The Honourable THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 8th February, 1893, were read and confirmed.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers, viz. :-Report of the Sanitary Surveyor for 1892; Report of the Superintendent of Fire Brigade for 1892; and the Report of the Head Master of the Victoria College for 1892.

RESOLUTION.-The Registrar General gave notice that he would move the following resolution at the next meeting :-

Whereas, by section 20 of Ordinance 11 of 1890, it is enacted that Part II. of "The Women

and Girls' Protection Ordinance, 1890," should only continue in operation for a period of two years from the coming into operation of that Ordinance or such further period or periods as might, from time to time, be determined by Resolution of the Legislative Council. And whereas the said Ordinance came into operation on the 6th day of April, 1891, by virtue of a Proclamation duly issued under section 34 of the said Ordinance by the Officer then administering the Government, which Proclamation was published in the Gazette of the 4th April, 1891.

And whereas it is desirable to further extend the period during which the said Part II. of the

said Ordinance shall be in operation. It is this day resolved by the Legislative Council of Hongkong that Part II. of "The Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, 1890,” shall continue in operation until further notice.

QUESTIONS.-The Honourable C. P. CHATER, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions:--- 1. What is the total amount so far as has been ascertained to date of the loss occasioned to the

Treasury through the defalcations of A. F. Alves, late Clerk and Accountant therein?

2. Over what period of time have these defalcations extended so far as is at present known? 3. Was the defaulter guaranteed in any way, and if so how, by whom, and to what amount? 4. When were the defalcations first discovered and when were any steps taken for the arrest of the defaulter? Is it a fact as stated in the newspapers that Alves was allowed time during which he was able to make away with the books and accounts incriminating him and to escape from the Colony?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

Honourable C. P. CHATER, asked the following question on behalf of the Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD, absent by permission.

Will the Government appoint a commission composed in the main of persons unconnected with the Government Service to investigate and report publicly on the management of the Treasury Department and on the circumstances connected with A. F. Alves' defalcations?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

10

BILL ENTITLED (( AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE MEANS FOR ASCERTAINING THE AMOUNTS TO BE PAID BY WAY OF COMPENSATION IN RESPECT OF THE WHARVES AND PIERS ALONG THE LINE OF THE PRAYA RECLAMATION, TO FIX THE PERIODS FOR THE PAYMENT THEREOF AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN CONNEC- TION THEREWITH."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A VOLUNTEER FORCE AND TO EMPOWER THE GOVERNOR TO RAISE A SPECIAL Force of COAST DEFENCE VOLUNTEERS IN THE EVENT OF ANTICIPATED WAR.”—The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do

pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till Wednesday, the 22nd March, 1893.

Read and confirmed, this 22nd day of March, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 5.

WEDNESDAY, 22ND MARCH, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

"

"}

>>

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the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART). the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES). the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

"}

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

11

11

">

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

The Honourable JAMES JARDINE BELL-IRVING.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 8th instant, were read and confirmed.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Director of Public Works for 1892.

The Director of Public Works laid on the table the Report of the Public Works Committee, dated 8th March, 1893, (No. 1) and moved that it be adopted by the Council.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

RESOLUTION.-The Registrar General, pursuant to notice, moved the resolution for extending the operation of Part II. of The Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, 1890.

The Honourable the Harbour Master seconded.

After some discussion, in which the Honourable C. P. CHATER, and the Honourable Dr. Ho KAI took part, the Council adopted the following resolution :—

Whereas, by section 20 of Ordinance 11 of 1890, it is enacted that Part II. of "The Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, 1890,” should only continue in operation for a period of two years from the coming into operation of that Ordinance or such further period or periods as might, from time to time, be determined by Resolution of the Legislative Council. And whereas the said Ordinance came into operation on the 6th day of April, 1891, by virtue of a Proclamation duly issued under section 34 of the said Ordinance by the Officer then administering the Government, which Proclamation was published in the Gazette of the 4th April, 1891. And whereas it is desirable to further extend the period during which the said Part II. of the said Ordinance shall be in operation. It is this day resolved by the Legislative Council of Hongkong that Part II. of "The Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, 1890,” shall continue in operation for the period of one year from the 6th day of April, 1893.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE MEANS FOR ASCERTAINING THE AMOUNTS TO BE PAID BY WAY OF COMPENSATION IN RESPECT OF THE WHARVES AND PIERS ALONG THE LINE OF THE PRAYA RECLAMATION, TO FIX THE PERIODS FOR THE PAYMENT THEREOF AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN CONNEC- TION THEREWITH."-The Attorney General moved the second reading of the Bill.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

The Council went into Committee on the Bill...

Council resumed and progress reported.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned till Wednesday, the 5th April, 1893.

Read and confirmed, this 5th day of April, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

a

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 6.

WEDNESDAY, 5TH APRIL, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART).

13

19

""

">

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES). the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

77

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

37

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD. EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 22nd ultimo, were read and confirmed.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :--

1. Report on the Widows' and Orphans' Fund for the second half-year of 1892. (No. 19.) 2. 'Report of the Superintendent of the Botanical and Afforestation Department for 1892.

(No. 3.)

3. Returns of Superior and Subordinate Courts for 1892. (No. 1.)

VOTE REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minute and moved that it be referred to the Finance Committee :--

C.S.O.

2935 of 1892.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Nineteen thousand, Three hundred and Nineteen Dollars and Forty-eight Cents, ($19,319.48), for the construction of new roads at Kowloon.

This item is made up as follows:

Re-vote of unexpended balance of last year's vote of $10,000,.. Additional vote asked for,

.$ 4,319.48

15,000.00

$19,319.48

Government House, Hongkong, 1st April, 1893.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

BILL ENTITLED แ AN ORDINANCE TO PROVIDE MEANS FOR ASCERTAINING THE AMOUNTS TO BE PAID BY WAY OF COMPENSATION IN RESPECT OF THE WHARVES AND PIERS ALONG THE LINE OF THE PRAYA RECLAMATION, TO FIX THE PERIODS FOR THE PAYMENT THEREOF AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN CONNEC- TION THEREWITH."-Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported with amendments.

The Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Honourable C. P. CHATER seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA MASONIC BENEVOLENCE FUND.-The Honourable C. P. CHATER moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 25th day of May, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

}

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 7.

THURSDAY, 25TH MAY, 1893.

15

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

""

""

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART).

""

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

=

}}

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

""

51

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the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

The Honourable CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

""

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 5th ultimo, were read and confirmed.

VOTE REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minute, and moved that it be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.S.O.

738 of 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Thirteen thousand Dollars, ($13,000), for the extension of MacDonnell and Austin Roads at Kowloon.

Government House, Hongkong, 15th April, 1893.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee dated the 5th April, 1893, (No. 2 of 1893).

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.-The Director of Public Works laid on the table the Report of the Public Works Committee, dated 5th April, 1893, (No. 2), and moved that it be adopted by the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

1. Statement of disbursements for Forestry Works for the years 1894 and 1895. (No. 8.) 2. Harbour Master's Report for 1892. (No. 1.)

3. Sanitary Superintendent's Report for 1892, and Colonial Veterinary Surgeon's Report

for 1892. (Nos. 19 & 1.)

4. Acting Postmaster General's Report for 1892. (No. 13.)

5. Report of the Committee appointed to enquire into the Pó Léung Kuk.

6. Report of the Commission on the Defalcations in the Treasury.

7. Statement of Revenue and Expenditure for 1892.

MOTION.-The Colonial Secretary moved the following resolution :

That "the Council having considered the following statement by the Superintendent of the Botanical and Afforestation Department resolves that it is expedient to incur the liability proposed to be incurred in 1895.”

7

16

Statement showing Disbursements for Forestry Works in the years 1894 and 1895 for which contracts have been already made, and those for which contracts now require to be inade.

To be disbursed

Estimated total cost.

To be disbursed in 1893.

in 1894.

To be disbursed in 1895.

APPROVED BY LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL C.S.O. No. 1161, 1892.

C.

C.

..

C.

1. Rearing Trees in situ,

840.00

400.00

440.00

2.

""

to be planted in 1894,

960.00

600.00

3. Planting Trees being reared under No. 2,....

1,600.00

360.00 1,600.00

Contracts to be now made which require approval:--

4. Rearing Trees to be planted in 1895,

1,000.00

5. Planting the Trees to be reared under No. 4,

1,600.00

$6,000.00

1,000.00

1,000.00

1,600.00

2,400.00

2,600.00

The works under headings 4 and 5 now require the approval of the Legislative Council in order that the contracts for them may be made; those under headings 1, 2, and 3 have already been sanc- tioned and are now in progress.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded. Question-put and agreed to.

CHARLES FORD, Superintendent,

Botanical and Afforestation Department.

NOTICE OF QUESTION.--The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would ask the following question:

Will the Government state whether in connection with the erection of the new lighthouse on Waglan Island there was any understanding or agreement between the Chinese "Government and the Imperial British Government or between the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs and the Colonial Government of Hongkong; also whether there was any special reason for the light- ing of the Eastern approach to the port of Hongkong being undertaken by the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.

BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND INCORPORATION OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF KIDNAPPING AND FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK."-The Honourable the Registrar General moved the first reading of this Bill.

6

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI seconded.

The Colonial Secretary addressed the Council.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD moved, as an amendment,

that the first reading of the Bill

be postponed until after the publication of the reports of the Special Committee appointed to investigate and report on certain points connected with the Bill and of the evidence taken by that Committee, and until Members of Council have had time to read and consider the same."

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS seconded. Question put.

A division was taken when there voted

For the amendment.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

"}

Against the amendment.

The Honourable Ho KAI.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

The Harbour Master.

#

The Director of Public Works.

The Colonial Treasurer.

22

2:

The Registrar General.

25

The Attorney General.

>>

The Colonial Secretary.

The amendment was lost by a majority of 5.

The Bill was then read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED << AN ORDINANCE FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA MASONIC BENEVOLENCE FUND."-Owing to the absence, through indisposition, of the Honourable C. P. CHATER, the second reading of this Bill was postponed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until Thursday, the 1st proximo, at 3 P.M.

Read and confirmed, this 2nd day of June, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 8.

FRIDAY, 2ND JUNE, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Registrar General, (JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART).

17

97

29

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the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITChell-Innes). the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

""

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

""

""

""

";

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

The Honourable CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 25th ultimo, were read and confirmed. PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers:—

1. Secretary of State's Despatch No. 53, of March 24th, 1893, on the subject of Gaol

Extension. (No. 19.)

2. Registrar General's Report for 1892. (No. g.)

3. Correspondence with the Secretary of State on the subject of Retrenchment, and the Memorial of the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council dated 12th January, 1893. (No. 3.)

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee, dated the 25th May, 1893, (No. 3 of 1893).

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE.-The Director of Public Works laid on the table the Report of the Public Works Committee, dated the 25th May, 1893, (No. 3 of 1893), and moved that it be adopted by the Council.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

RETRENCHMENT COMMITTEE.-The Governor intimated that, pursuant to the Secretary of State's Despatch No. 71 of the 21st April last, His Excellency purposed appointing a Committee consisting of the following gentlemen for the purpose of enquiring into possible retrenchment and reduction of offices in the Civil Service of the Colony, viz.:-

His Honour the Chief Justice, (Chairman).

The Honourable R. MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N., (Harbour Master).

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.་

C. P. CHATER.

J. J. KESWICK.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

H. E. WODEHOUSE, C.M.G., Esquire, (Police Magistrate).

F. H. MAY, Esquire, (Captain Superintendent of Police).

NOTICES OF MOTIONS.-The Colonial Secretary gave notice that he would move the following motion standing in his name, at the next meeting of Council, viz. :—

That this Council do agree to the expenditure of a sum not exceeding $147,500 on providing

additional Gaol accommodation.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would

move-

That a small Commission be appointed to investigate and report on the working of the Gap Rock Lighthouse, the telegraph communication therewith, and the methods of reporting and signal- ling generally the arrival of ships and steamers in the waters of the Colony.

18

NOTICES OF QUESTIONS.-The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would ask the following questions:-

1. If the correspondence between the Government and myself on the subject of the appointment of the Honourable the Registrar General as Chairman of the Special Committee appointed by His Excellency the Governor to investigate and report on certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk has been forwarded to the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and if the Secretary of State has expressed any opinion as to the propriety or otherwise of that appointment.

2. Have the Government taken any steps, and if so what steps, to recover from the persons named in the report of the Commissioners appointed by His Excellency the Governor to enquire into and report on the Treasury defalcations, and from their sureties, the amounts of the money lost to the Government during the periods in which they respectively held office, and if not does the Government intend to take any action?

QUESTION.--The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS, pursuant to notice, asked the following question:-

Will the Government state whether in connection with the erection of the new lighthouse on Waglan Island there was any understanding or agreement between the Chinese Government and the Imperial British Government or between the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs and the Colonial Government of Hongkong; also whether there was any special reason for the light- ing of the Eastern approach to the port of Hongkong being undertaken by the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary replied.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE FOR THE NATURALIZATION OF MEYER FREDERICKS."-The Honourable the Colonial Secretary moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Honourable the Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED

AN ORDINANCE TO MAKE PROVISION FOR REGULATING THE KEEPING OF DOGS AND FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE IMPORTATION AND SPread of rabies.”—The Honourable the Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED (6 AN ORDINANCE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND INCORPORATION OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF KIDNAPPING AND FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK.'"-The Honourable the Registrar General moved the second reading of this Bill, and addressed the Council.

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI seconded, and addressed the Council.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS addressed the Council.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD addressed the Council.

1

The Honourable the Attorney General addressed the Council. Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Section 5.-The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD moved that this section be amended by striking out at the beginning thereof the words "the Registrar General who shall be ex officio the President and also."

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary seconded. Question put.

A division was taken when there voted

For the amendment.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.

Against the amendment.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

21

>>

2

Η ΚΑΙ.

J. J. KESWICK.

The Harbour Master.

i

The amendment was lost by a majority of 7. Bill reported with other amendments. Council resumed.

32

The Director of Public Works.

>>

The Colonial Treasurer.

"}

The Registrar General.

>>

The Attorney General.

>

The Colonial Secretary.

{

19

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA MASONIC BENEVOLENCE FUND."-Owing to the absence, through indisposition, of the Honourable C. P. CHATER, the second reading of this Bill was further postponed.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned until Monday, the 19th instant, at 3 P.M.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

Read and confirmed, this 19th day of June, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 9.

MONDAY, 19TH JUNE, 1893.

21

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

1,

2)

""

""

13

51

**

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

"}

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 2nd instant, were read and confirmed.

FINANCIAL MINUTE.-His Excellency the Governor, in the absence of the Honourable the Colonial Secretary through indisposition, laid on the table the following Financial Minute, and moved that it be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.S.0. 1924 of 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to re-vote the sum of Six thousand Dollars, ($6,000), being the unexpended portion of the Government contribution to the reclamation in front of Marine Lots Nos. 95, 98 and 105.

Government House, Hongkong, 5th June, 1893.

The Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-His Excellency the Governor laid on the table the following papers:

1. The Colonial Surgeon's Report for 1892. (No. 3.)

2. The Educational Report for 1892. (No. 3.)

3. Correspondence re Issue of Loan under Ordinance No. 2 of 1893. (No. 24.)

MOTION.-The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD, pursuant to notice, made the following motion and addressed the Council.

That a small Commission be appointed to investigate and report on the working of the Gap Rock Lighthouse, the telegraph communication therewith, and the methods of reporting and signal- ling generally the arrival of ships and steamers in the waters of the Colony.

The Honourable J. J. KESWICK seconded and addressed the Council.

His Excellency the Governor addressed the Council, and intimated that he purposed appointing a Committee, consisting of:-

The Honourable the Harbour Master.

The Captain Superintendent of Police.

H. H. JOSEPH, Esquire.

E. F. ALFORD, Esquire.

J. H. SCOTT, Esquire.

H. HOPPIUS, Esquire.

G. B. DODWELL, Esquire.

to investigate and report on the working of the Gap Rock telegraph and the methods of reporting and signalling the arrival of vessels in the waters of the Colony.

+

22

QUESTIONS.-The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD, pursuant to notice asked the following ques-

tions:

1. If the correspondence between the Government and myself on the subject of the appointment of the Honourable the Registrar General as Chairman of the Special Committee appointed by His Excellency the Governor to investigate and report on certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Leung Kuk has been forwarded to the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and if the Secretary of State has expressed any opinion as to the propriety or otherwise of that appointment.

2. Have the Government taken any steps, and if so what steps, to recover from the persons named in the report of the Commissioners appointed by His Excellency the Governor to enquire into and report on the Treasury defalcations, and from their sureties, the amounts of the money lost to the Government during the periods in which they respectively held office, and if not does the Government intend to take any action?

His Excellency the Governor replied to each of the questions.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS, pursuant to notice, asked the following question :--

Will the Government state whether in connection with the erection of the new lighthouse on Waglan Island there was any understanding or agreement between the Chinese Government and the Imperial British Government or between the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs and the Colonial Government of Hongkong; also whether there was any special reason for the light- ing of the Eastern approach to the port of Hongkong being undertaken by the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.

His Excellency the Governor replied.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS gave notice that at the next Meeting of Council he would move-

That the Secretary of State be requested by telegraph to come to an early decision on the question of an expenditure of $60,000 for the erection of a residence at the Peak for His Excellency the Governor.

BILL ENTITLED "THE STATUTORY DECLARATIONS ORDINANCE, 1893."-The Honourable the Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE FOR THE NATURALIZATION OF MEYER FREDERICKS."--The Honourable the Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill, and addressed the Council.

The Honourable the Acting Registrar General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported without amendment.

The Honourable the Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO MAKE PROVISION FOR REGULATING THE KEEPING of dogs and FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE IMPORTATION AND SPREAD OF RABIES."-The Honourable the Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill, and addressed the Council.

The Honourable J. J. KESWICK seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed and Bill reported with amendments.

Standing Orders suspended on the motion of the Honourable the Attorney General.

The Honourable the Attorney General moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Honourable J. J. KESWICK seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass. Bill passed.

23

7

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA MASONIC BENEVOLENCE FUND."-The Honourable C. P. CHATER moved the second reading of this Bill, and addressed the Council.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD Seconded.

The Honourable the Attorney General addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill. Council resumed.

Bill reported with amendments.

BILL ENTITLED (C AN ORDINANCE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND INCORPORATION OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF KIDNAPPING AND FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN COMMONLY KNOWN AS 'THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK.'"-The Honourable the Acting Registrar General moved the third reading of this Bill.

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI seconded.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD opposed the third reading of the Bill and moved its rejection. Motion not seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until Monday, the 17th proximo, at 3 P.M.

Read and confirmed, this 17th day of July, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

25

PROCEEDINGS

of a Special Meeting of the Legislative Council, held in the Council Chamber, Hongkong, on Wednesday, the 5th July, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

31

>>

>>

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

>>

ܳܕ

3)

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHItehead.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

MARRIAGE OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK

AND

HER SERENE HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS VICTORIA OF TECK.

HIS EXCELLENCY said-Gentlemen, I am afraid that it may have been rather inconvenient to some of you to attend this special meeting this morning, but I will not detain you very long, and I am quite sure that you will not begrudge the few minutes that you will remain here when I tell you, as perhaps you already know, that the object of this special meeting is to consider the propriety of send- ing some congratulatory message to Her Majesty the Queen and the Royal Family in reference to the approaching marriage of His Royal Highness the Duke of York and Her Serene Highness the Princess Victoria of Teck. His Royal Highness is known to many gentlemen in the colonies, and probably to some in this Colony also. It is a little more than two years ago that I had the honour of entertaining him at Government House, Trinidad. I think that we all know that he is possessed of the most charming manner, amiable characteristics, and manly qualities. In all probability he will be the future King of England, and we all hope that he will be a worthy successor not only to his father but to Her Majesty the Queen, who has occupied the throne of Great Britain so incomparably for over fifty years. In regard to Her Serene Highness the Princess Victoria, we know that she is a charming English girl, daughter of one of the most popular Princesses in England, the Princess Mary of Cam- bridge, now the Duchess of Teck, and she seems to be as "sweet as English air can make her." If report is true she would seem fully to realise the dream of Tennyson in being "Queen Rose of the rosebud garden of girls."

Gentlemen, I am quite sure that to-day and to-morrow messages will be flashing along the tele- graph lines from India, Mauritius, and Ceylon, and from other Eastern colonies congratulating the Royal Family on this auspicious event, and I am also quite sure that the Unofficial Members of this Council and the community of Hongkong will wish that their congratulations should arrive at the Royal Throne at the same time as the others do.

In conclusion His Excellency moved the following resolution :-

"From the Governor of Hongkong to the Marquess of Ripon.

"The Council and Community of Hongkong ask your Lordship to convey to Her Majesty the Queen and the Royal Family their respectful congratulations on the marriage of the Duke of York and Princess Victoria of Teck."

The Honourable C. P. CHATER, in seconding the motion, said-Sir, during the period that I have been the Senior Unofficial Member of this Council no pleasanter duty has fallen to my lot than that of having the honour to second the resolution just proposed by your Excellency. Though colonists of one of the most distant outposts of the Empire, I may venture to say that we are second to none either in personal loyalty to the Throne or in those feelings of devotion and affection to the Royal Family which it is the happy privilege of all citizens of the British Empire to feel. The marriage of the son of the heir to the Royal and Imperial Crown to an English Princess specially appeals to us in both ways, and it is therefore both as Her Majesty's loyal subjects and in our capacity as private citizens that it is our duty and our delight to transmit to-day to the Royal Family our most respectful congratula- tions on this marriage, which it is our earnest hope will fulfil its auspicious promises.

Motion put and carried unanimously.

ADJOURNMENT.-His Excellency then adjourned the Council.

i

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

-|

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 10.

MONDAY, 17TH JULY, 1893.

27

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

55

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

""

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

"}

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY, R.N.).

""

""

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 19th ultimo, were read and confirmed. PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

1. The Blue Book for 1892, and the Report thereon. (No. 2.)

2. The Assessor's Report on the Assessment for 1893-94. (No. §.)

REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by direction of His Excellency the Governor, laid on the table the Report of the Finance Committee, (No. 4).

QUESTIONS.-The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would ask the following questions:-

1. Has the attention of the Government been directed to a letter in the "China Mail"

Saturday, 15th instant, on the subject of the lighthouse keepers at Gap Rock? Have the lighthouse keepers complained to the Harbour Master or to the Government direct in respect of their pay and position? Is there any connection between these complaints and the unsatis- factory condition of the working of the Gap Rock signalling arrangements? If any such complaints exist, will the Government direct the Commission appointed by His Excellency the "Governor on 19th June last to investigate and report on the working of the Gap Rock Lighthouse, the telegraphic communication therewith, &c., &c., also to investigate and report on these complaints?

2. What is the net amount in sterling which has been received by the Crown Agents in London in respect of the recent Hongkong Gold Loan? Has any portion been remitted to Hongkong, or drawn for by the Colonial Government, and if so, at what rates of exchange? How is the balance in the hands of the Crown Agents invested? If invested, what rate of interest is it earning? And what instructions have the Colonial Government sent to the Crown Agents since the closing of the Indian Mints to the free coinage of silver as to the disposal of the balance of the loan?

MOTION.-The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS, pursuant to notice, made the following motion, and addressed the Council:-

That the Secretary of State be requested by telegraph to come to an early decision on the question of an expenditure of $60,000 for the erection of a residence at the Peak for His Excellency the Governor.

28

The Colonial Secretary seconded and addressed the Council, suggesting at the conclusion that the motion be amended so as to read as follows:-

That an expenditure of $60,000 for the erection of a residence at the Peak for His Excellency

the Governor is desirable when funds to meet it are conveniently available.

A division then took place on the motion as amended.

For.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

Dr. Ho KAI.

Against.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.

""

C. P. CHATER.

The Harbour Master.

""

>>

The Director of Public Works. The Colonial Treasurer.

""

The Acting Registrar General.

**

The Attorney General.

The Honourable J. J. KESWICK and the Colonial Secretary did not vote.

Carried by a majority of 5.

BILL ENTITLED "THE STATUTORY DECLARATIONS Ordinance, 1893."-The Attorney General moved the second reading of this Bill.

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported with amendments.

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANCE FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA MASONIC BENEVOLENCE FUND."-The Attorney General moved the re-commitment of the Bill.

The Honourable C. P. CHATER seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill re-committed.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed.

Bill reported with some verbal amendments.

The Attorney General then moved that the Bill be read a third time.

The Honourable C. P. CHATER seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

·Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.—The Council then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 29th day of August, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 11.

TUESDAY, 29TH AUGUST, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

وو

""

21

>>

*

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Council met pursuant to notice.

29

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 17th ultimo, were read and confirmed. FINANCIAL MINUTES.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of the Governor, laid on the table the following Financial Minutes, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee:-

C.S.O. 1717 of 1893.

C.S.O.

1603 of 1893.

C.S.O. 1813 of 1893.

C.S.O. 1813 of 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Six hundred Dollars, ($600), being the cost of furniture for Government House.

Government House, Hongkong, 27th July, 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to re-vote the sum of Eighty thousand Dollars, ($80,000), being part of the sum voted in 1892, as the Government Contribution to the Praya. Reclamation Fund.

Government House, Hongkong, 10th August, 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of Five thousand Dollars, ($5,000), for repairs to Public Buildings.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th August, 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

The Governor recommends the Council to vote a sum of One thousand and Five hundred Dollars, ($1,500), for repairs of Roads in Kowloon.

Government House, Hongkong, 11th August, 1893.

The Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :-

1. Report of the Director of the Observatory for 1892. (No. 23.)

2. Report on the progress of Public Works during the first half-year, 1893. (No. 8.)

3. Despatch from the Secretary of State transmitting copy of a note from the Chinese

Minister with reference to the Yellow River Inundation in 1887. (No. 29.)

4. Despatch from the Secretary of State conveying Her Majesty's thanks for the congratula- tions on the marriage of His Royal Highness the Duke of York and Her Serene Highness the Princess Victoria of Teck. (C. O. D. 108).

93

30

QUESTIONS.-Mr. WHITEHEAD, pursuant to notice, asked the following questions:-

on

1. Has the attention of the Government been directed to a letter in the "China Mail"

Saturday, 15th instant, on the subject of the lighthouse keepers at Gap Rock? Have the lighthouse keepers complained to the Harbour Master or to the Government direct in respect of their pay and position? Is there any connection between these complaints and the unsatis- factory condition of the working of the Gap Rock signalling arrangements? If any such complaints exist, will the Government direct the Commission appointed by His Excellency the Governor on 19th June last to investigate and report on the working of the Gap Rock Lighthouse, the telegraphic communication therewith, &c., &c., also to investigate and report on these complaints?

2. What is the net amount in sterling which has been received by the Crown Agents in London in respect of the recent Hongkong Gold Loan? Has any portion been remitted to Hongkong, or drawn for by the Colonial Government, and if so, at what rates of exchange? How is the balance in the hands of the Crown Agents invested? If invested, what rate of interest is it earning? And what instructions have the Colonial Government sent to the Crown Agents since the closing of the Indian Mints to the free coinage of silver as to the disposal of the balance of the loan?

The Colonial Secretary replied.

NOTICE OF MOTION.-Mr. WHITEHEAD gave notice that at the next Meeting of Council he would move the following resolution :-

That before proceeding with the second reading of the Morphine Ordinance of 1893 the Govern- ment lay on the table copies of any reports received from the Sanitary Board and the Medical Department on the subject of the consumption of Morphine and the practice of administering or injecting preparations of Morphine by unqualified persons.

BILL ENTITLED "THE MORPHINE ORDINANCE, 1893."-The Attorney General moved the first reading of this Bill.

Dr. Ho KAI seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

BILL ENTITLED "THE STATUTORY DECLARATIONS ORDINANCE, 1893."-The Attorney General moved the recommitment of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill recommitted.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed.

Bill reported with some verbal amendments.

The Attorney General then moved that the Bill be read a third time.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till Tuesday, the 12th proximo, at 3 P.M.

Read and confirmed, this 12th day of September, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

:

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 12.

TUESDAY, 12TH SEPTEMBER, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITChell-Innes).

31

››

""

""

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

>>

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

""

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

""

""

>>

>>

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD. EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 29th ultimo, were read and confirmed.

PAPERS LAID ON THE TABLE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of the Governor, laid on the table the following papers :—

1. Correspondence on the subject of the recent defalcations in the Treasury. (No. 3.) 2. Correspondence on the subject of Morphine injections. (Nos. 30 & 31.)

93

3. Report of the Finance Committee (No. 5). MOTION.-Bill entitled The Morphine Ordinance, 1893.-Mr. WHITEHEAD, pursuant to notice, moved the following resolution, adding that the second reading of the Bill be postponed until next meeting

That the Government lay on the table copies of any reports received from the Sanitary Board, the Medical Department, the Honourable the Registrar General's Department, or any other Department, and the Captain Superintendent of Police, on the subject of the consumption of Morphine and the practice of administering or injecting preparations of Morphine by unqualified persons, as well as a copy of any Petition or Memorial received from the Opium Farmer, and the correspondence which has recently passed between the Opium Farmer, his Agents or Attorneys, and the Government on the subject of the Morphine question, the pre- parations of Morphine, and their sale and administration, before proceeding with the second reading of the Morphine Ordinance, 1893.

Mr. CHATER Seconded, and addressed the Council.

The Colonial Secretary addressed the Council.

Council divided on the motion for postponement of second reading.

For.

Mr. WHITEHEAD.

Mr. KESWICK.

Mr. CHATER.

Against.

Mr. BELILIOS.

Dr. Ho KAI.

The Acting Registrar General.

The Harbour Master.

The Director of Public Works.

The Colonial Treasurer.

The Attorney General.

The Colonial Secretary.

Motion lost by a majority of 5.

Bill read a second time, on the motion of the Attorney General seconded by the Colonial Secretary. Council in Committee on the Bill.

Bill reported with amendments.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till Monday, the 18th instant, at 3 P.M.

Read and confirmed, this 18th day of September, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

:

33

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 13.

MONDAY, 18TH SEPTEMBER, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL O'BRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

>>

""

>>

""

""

>>

**

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

the Director of Public Works, (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 12th instant, were read and confirmed. MOTION. The Colonial Secretary gave notice that at the next Meeting of Council he would move the following resolution :-

That this Council do agree to the expenditure of a sum not exceeding $96,000 on Gaol extension. BILL ENTITLED "THE MORPHINE ORDINANCE, 1893."-The Attorney General moved the third reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put--that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned till Monday, the 25th instant, at 3 P.M.

I

Read and confirmed, this 25th day of September, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

!

35

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, NO. 14.

MONDAY, 25TH SEPTEMBER, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL OBRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT Mitchell-Innes).

>>

""

the Director of Public Works, (Francis Alfred COOPER).

>>

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

"}

}}

>>

the Acting Registrar General, (Alexander MacDONALD THOMSON). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 18th instant, were read and confirmed.

The Colonial Secretary, pursuant to notice, moved the following resolution, and addressed the Council:-

That this Council do agree to the expenditure of a sum not exceeding $96,000 on Gaol extension. Mr. CHATER seconded and addressed the Council.

Mr. WHITEHEAD addressed the Council.

Question-put and agreed to.

QUESTION.-With His Excellency's permission, Mr. WHITEHEAD asked the following question

Is there any truth in the report that the Postmaster General at Singapore is about to be appointed to the Colonial Treasurership, Hongkong; and, if so, will His Excellency the Governor move the Secretary of State to refrain from making any new appointment until this Council has had an opportunity of considering and reporting on the question whether it is advisable to continue the office on its present footing.

His Excellency replied.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 4th day of December, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

L

:

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. No. 15.

MONDAY, 4TH DECEMBER, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL OBRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON).

EDWARD BOWDLER.

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

;;

""

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELilios.

ABSENT:

The Honourable THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

The Council met pursuant to summons.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 25th September last, were read and confirmed.

NEW MEMBER. EDWARD BOWDLER, Esquire, Special Engineer in charge of the Praya Reclama- tion Works, took the oath of allegiance on his appointment to a seat on the Council in the room of the Director of Public Works absent on leave.

His Excellency then addressed the Council as follows:-

HONOURABLE GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,

In meeting you again for the resumption of our legislative duties I am not in a position to announce to you any very marked improvement in the financial condition of the Colony. In November last year I expressed a hope that there might be a revival of prosperity in the fortunes of Hongkong during 1893, but although there are not wanting unmistakeable signs of better times in the future, that hope has not been realized to the extent that I anticipated. The Indian Silver Act and the proceedings of the United States Senate in reference to the Sherman Act have naturally affected the business of this Community as well as the business of the entire East. The dollar has fallen to an unprecedentedly low value, and the loss by Exchange in many of the transactions of this Government has, of course, been considerable.

Recently we have certainly not been troubled by many fluctuations in the rate of Exchange, and with the dollar at 2/4 or thereabouts, as it has been for the last 3 or 4 months, we may hope that silver has "touched bottom," and that a permanent rise in value may be the next change. But with the uncertainty that still surrounds this intricate and difficult question we cannot look for any early influx of capital into the Colony, or for any great increase in business unless some fixed international ratio should be established.

As the President of the United States recently observed, "what we want is good, sound "and stable money and a condition of confidence which will keep it in use." As the standard of value in a portion of the world is silver, and in the other part is in gold, commerce requires a steady par of Exchange between Gold and Silver.

There is, however, one point in connection with this subject to which I would call particular attention, and that is, that the fall of silver and the action of the Indian Govern- ment in regard to it, besides having improved the position of the tea-grower and exporter, has put new ventures, and profitable ones, within the reach of capitalists in China and Japan, as well as in this Colony. The Chinese are slow to begin anything new, but if the present state of affairs continues they will be compelled to produce and export many articles which they have hitherto imported from European and other countries.

The Japanese are quite alive to the situation so far as it concerns them, and are not only erecting new Cotton Mills, to the number of 20 it is said, but are about to take the Import Duty off Raw Cotton. It is possible therefore that we may soon see Japan, for a time, supplying China with goods which she formerly obtained from Europe or India. It seems anomalous that whilst England should be striving to extend her commerce and com- mercial relations in China on the one hand, she should on the other be countenancing measures which apparently have the effect of creating competition against herself and her own produc- tions in the East.

Under these circumstances the attention of the Community should be directed to the desirability of establishing Cotton Mills in Hongkong. The Government is in possession of several eligible sites, and if only capitalists, either European or Chinese, will come forward and invest their capital in such enterprises I will endeavour that so far as the acquisition of land is concerned they shall be treated with exceptional liberality. The success which has attended other efforts of this nature in Hongkong ought, under these favourable circum- stances, to lead to the introduction of additional local Industries, such as Cotton Spinning and Weaving, and no more fitting time than the present seems likely to occur. This matter is worthy therefore of the earnest consideration not only of this Community, but of capitalists in the neighbouring provinces in China.

In connection with the fall of silver and the scarcity of the circulating medium in Hong- kong and elsewhere in the East, it is probable, unless the Japanese Yen is made a legal tender, that action will shortly be taken in the direction of the coinage of a British Dollar. I under- stand that some of the Banks are in favour of this step, and that they have arrived at their conclusion in consequence of the lengthened period during which the Mexican Exchange has been unable to adapt itself to the fall in the price of silver. Should any application from the Banks in Hongkong urging the coinage of, and introduction into the Colony, of a British Dollar be received by the Government, I will use all my influence with the Home Government in support of that request.

I now lay upon the table the Estimates for 1894 and will briefly refer to their leading features.

The Estimated Revenue for 1893 was $1,906,396.

The Estimated Ordinary Expenditure $1,899,375, leaving a surplus of only $7,021. So far as can be judged the Revenue for 1893 will be about $2,050,000 and the Ex- penditure, exclusive of Extraordinary Expenditure chargeable against the Loan, will be about $1,940,000.

It will thus be seen that the Revenue of 1893 will probably be about $110,000 in excess of the Ordinary Expenditure, and consequently about $140,000 in excess of the Estimate.

This surplus is nearly accounted for by an increase in the amount of fees received for the Examination of Emigrants, and the profit on an increased import of Subsidiary Coins, which profit was $56,000 over the Estimate. Ample supplies of these Coins will be ordered as required; but absolute reliance cannot, of course, be placed on them as a source of steady Revenue.

The Estimated Revenue for 1894 is $2,007,210 and the Estimated Ordinary Expenditure $1,982,745. To this Expenditure must, however, be added $16,000 expended on Roads in Kowloon, and new streets in Kennedy Town which is chargeable against Current Revenue bringing the total Expenditure up to $1,998,745. These Estimates have been framed with the greatest possible caution, and show a probable Surplus of Revenue over Expenditure at the end of 1894 of $8,465. As in 1893 it may perhaps be found that the Revenue has been under-estimated, but it would not be safe to count upon such a contingency.

On an examination of the Estimates you will observe that the increased Expenditure of 1894 over that of 1893 is principally accounted for by the following items :—

Public Debt Military ...

Post Office

Pensions

Police

$30,236

37,647

15,880

6,860

6,992

Making a total of.......................$97,615

Owing to the fall in Exchange the provision for the Military Contribution alone in 1894, exceeds that of 1893 by $37,647. In 1891 the Colony found $228,572 for that pur- pose, it now has to find $320,000.

It is in a measure satisfactory that the Colony has not yet been, and I trust will not be hereafter, called upon to raise additional taxation to meet the many additional charges imposed upon it by the falling value of silver.

When the Appropriation Bill is moved the Public Officers specially concerned there- with will doubtless give you fuller information in regard to these items if you should desire

it.

.

1

39

At the close of last Session the vexed question of Gaol Extension was happily settled. I take this opportunity of repeating that the Government as well as the tax-payers are indebted to the Unofficial Committee appointed by me for their assistance in this matter which enabled a fair and reasonable compromise to be effected. In November 1892, when it was stated that the work would probably cost $250,000, it ought to have been explained that this was simply a rough estimate. The amount which was ultimately voted was based on carefully prepared specifications and estimates. But the difference between the two amounts, I should add in justice to our able Director of Public Works, was largely due to the Secretary of State having on my recommendation reduced his original requirements between November 1892 and the date on which the final vote was taken.

.

The Returns respecting the trade and shipping of this Port will, when completed and published, be found exceedingly interesting, not to say remarkable.

During the 10 months ending the 31st October last, there arrived in and sailed from Hongkong 7,243 European-constructed Vessels measuring 8,733,823 tons and 47,525 Junks measuring 3,191,068 tons making a total of 54,768 vessels and 11,924,891 tons.

These vessels carried 6,307,703 tons of cargo (discharged, shipped and in transit), and no less than 1,551,833 passengers.

The figures for the same period in 1892 were 59,380 vessels and 11,703,851 tons.

This large number of vessels with a lesser amount of tonnage was mainly due to the employment of numerous small Junks in the local trade connected with the Praya Recla-

mation.

The Returns for 1893 up to date show an increase of 109,000 tons in British ships and of 87,000 tons in Foreign ships of European construction. They also exhibit an increase in the Foreign Junk Trade of 290,000 tons.

During the past 10 months, i.e., from the 1st January to 31st October, Emigration has considerably improved. The number of Emigrants has been 73,265 as against 43,024 during the same period in 1892.

I am, as you are probably aware, anxious that a well organized system of Emigration to certain countries friendly with England should be adopted.

Such a scheme would be of great advantage not merely to this Colony but to thousands of industrious persons in China who have now but little opportunity of making a living, or of even obtaining the barest necessaries of life. It is unfortunate that the Chinese Government do not seem to view the matter in this light and no doubt recent events in a neighbouring Colony will tend to confirm them in the opinions they are believed to entertain on this subject.

The Revenue collected by the Harbour Department up to the 31st October was $164,231 ----showing an increase of $13,970 over the sum collected for the same period in the previous year.

With reference to Crime I may mention that the number of cases tried in the Supreme Court this year was a little above the average of the two preceding years. In 1891 there were 32 cases, in 1892 only 30 cases, the lowest record during the past 10 years. Up to the 30th September last there were 32 cases sent for trial. Two of these were especially serious, viz., that of ALVES for the Treasury defalcations in which the sentence passed was 6 years' imprison- ment with hard labour, and a murder case in which the sentence of death was passed and carried out. Until this penalty was exacted there had been no execution within the Colony for upwards of 10 years.

Amongst the 32 cases there was also one of wounding with intent to murder and 3 of robbery with violence. Out of these 32 charges, however, there was a verdict of acquittal, or no information, or a nolle prosequi in 14 instances, and out of the 47 prisoners brought up

for trial 21 were discharged.

During 1893 as in 1892 there was an absence of charges involving offences of a piratical character which is an encouraging feature in the Criminal statistics.

You will be pleased to be assured that owing to past legislation and the efforts of the Police, public gambling in the Colony has practically ceased to exist.

There has also been a great falling off in the number of cases of kidnapping of women and robbery with violence. So far as the Magistrates are able to judge they are of opinion that the Government is to be felicitated on the conspicuous absence of serious crime' in ilongkong.

On the other hand I regret to state that during the last few months there have been an unusual number of larcenies of money and valuables by servants from their masters' houses.

40

This I attribute in a great measure to losses sustained by servants in the Gambling Houses at Sham Shui Po and Kowloon City. I have addressed the Viceroy of Canton several times on this subject without much effect and am at this moment in correspondence with Her Majesty's Minister at Peking in regard to it. If the Chinese Government refuses to act this Government will be bound to consider whether some restrictions should not be placed on the owners of launches who are known to carry hundreds of gamblers daily between this City and the opposite coast. I shall hope that the Community in general would thoroughly support the Government if such a step should be decided upon.

With regard to Education I have to inform you that in addition to the ten Government Schools which were closed owing to insufficient attendance at the beginning of this year, two other Government Schools have been closed for the same reason. Seven of the less expensive and more popular Grant-in-Aid Schools have taken the place of the Schools thus closed.

Special attention has been bestowed on the educational needs of the Boat Population. For long years this class has been somewhat neglected. The extent of School accommoda- tion for them is now ample. It consists of 38 Private and 8 Public Schools in working order. The total number of Scholars is 1,578. Aberdeen has been supplied with a Grant-in-Aid School. I have recently appointed a Chinese School Attendance Officer with a view of stimulating the attendance at Schools of the Boat children in particular, and of Chinese children in general.

In the matter of additional accommodation local school managers have of late been particularly active. The Berlin Foundling House, the Roman Catholic Mission at Shauki- wan and the Basel Mission at To-kwa-Wan have this year provided new and suitable school buildings for the Chinese poor.

The Code of Regulations for Educational Grants-in-aid has been revised with the aim of raising the standard of Education.

Arrangements have been made by the Government to bring the West Point Reformatory under the provisions of Ordinance No. 19 of 1886 as a Certified Reformatory School for the reception of juvenile offenders. I trust that this will have the effect of reducing the gaol population and of preventing the contamination of the young which is certain to occur when they are brought into contact with the old offenders.

For the benefit of the Government Central School for Girls a Member of this Council has erected a handsome three-storied building which will soon be handed over to the Go- vernment.

Physical Drill, which was introduced a short time since in 11 schools, has during this year been carried a step further by the superaddition of a Cadet Corps subject to inspection by the military authorities. This Corps is popular, and in many ways and especially so far as physique and discipline are concerned will prove of great benefit to those who belong to it, or who may hereafter join it.

The need of a fixed standard of Chinese orthography in connection with local examin- ations has long been recognized. At the suggestion of the Government it has at last been supplied by the Revd. Dr. CHALMERS whose work in this, as in other cases, is admitted, by those who are capable of judging, to be a monument of learning and industry.

Examinations have been held for the Diploma of the College of Preceptors, and for London matriculation purposes. In addition to the Oxford Local Examinations provision has been made for the re-introduction into Hongkong of Cambridge Local Examinations.

These facts indicate not only progressive movement, but prove that as far as circum- stances will admit local Education is being assimilated to the system in force in the Educa- tional Institutions of the Mother Country.

I referred just now to the Cadet Corps, and some mention of the Volunteer Force should not be omitted. It numbers about 90 and every effort has been made to increase its numbers but without much result. It can therefore only be said that whilst it forms a most valuable nucleus, its practical utility depends upon its further expansion.

The Officers and especially the Commandant have done all in their power to ensure its being a success and active preparations are being made for its taking part in the mobilization of the Garrison in January. The new head quarters are nearing completion and will be a great convenience to members of the Force. I much wish that the Volunteer movement was looked on with greater favour, and received greater support from the Community generally than it appears to do at present.

There is every probability of Hongkong being shortly put into telegraphic communica- tion with the outer world, independently of connection with any Foreign territory. This is a subject of congratulation.

:

41

So far as I am aware it will not be necessary to trouble you with legislation of importance in the near future so that we may anticipate an unusually short session.

any

I am in communication with the Viceroy of Canton and Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary in Peking in reference to the opening up of the West River to Foreign trade, and also in regard to the question of preferential duties granted on junk carried tea to the detriment of Foreign shipping. These are two weighty matters affecting existing trade and its possible extension. A favourable solution of them would be hailed with great satisfaction by me in consequence of the undoubted benefits which would accrue therefrom to the Mercantile Community of Hongkong.

And here, Gentlemen, it is not inappropriate for me to refer to the happy relations which for the last two years have existed between the Government and the Chamber of Commerce and which it will always be my endeavour to maintain unimpaired.

We have to be thankful for exemption from serious epidemic or destructive storms in 1893. In the late typhoon it is true that Gap Rock Light was considerably injured and that costly repairs will have to be effected; but otherwise thanks to the timely warnings issued from the Observatory the damage done to property was infinitesimal, and little or no loss of life occurred.

The general behaviour of the Chinese during the past year has been most exemplary, and the criminal class has largely decreased.

In conclusion, Gentlemen, I shall not lay myself open to the charge of being over-sanguine when I assert that there is distinct evidence that the condition of the Chinese Community is improving, that business is more settled, and that the prospects are better than they have been at any time during the past three years. It is my earnest desire, in which you will cordially join, that still brighter and happier times may be at no distant date in store for all classes of Residents in this important and progressive Colony.

Council Chamber, 4th December, 1893.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

6;

RULES UNDER THE SUPREME COURT ORDINANCE, 1873."-The Colonial Secretary laid on the table certain "Rules made by the Chief Justice, under Section 24 of The Supreme Court Ordinance, 1873, (No. 12 of 1873), for the taxing of costs in the Summary Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, and gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move their revision and approval.

27

APPROPRIATION BILL, 1894.-The Colonial Secretary gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding Two Millions Three hundred and Forty-seven thousand, Two hundred and Forty-five Dollars to the Public Service of the Year 1894.

SUPPLEMENTARY APPROPRIATION BILL, 1892.-The Colonial Treasurer gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to authorise the Appropriation of a Supplementary Sum of Two hundred and Thirty-five thousand One hundred and Eleven Dollars and Ninety-three Cents to defray the Charges of the Year 1892.

Mr. CHATER acknowledged the interest with which the Council had heard His Excellency's address.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until 3 P.M. to-morrow, the 5th instant.

Read and confirmed, this 5th day of December, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

:

40

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 16.

TUESDAY, 5ȚII DECEMBER, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL OBRIEN, C.M.G.). the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

3

""

""

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). EDWARD BOWDLER.

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

""

HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

"

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

The Honourable THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held yesterday, were read and confirmed.

RULES UNDER "THE SUPREME COURT ORDINANCE, 1873."-The Colonial Secretary, pursuant to notice, moved the approval of certain Rules made by the Chief Justice on the 24th ultimo under Section 24 of The Supreme Court Ordinance, 1873, (No. 12 of 1873), for the taxing of costs in the Summary Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

The Attorney General seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Rules approved.

APPROPRIATION BILL, 1894.-The Colonial Secretary, pursuant to notice, moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to apply a sum not exceeding Two millions Three hundred and Forty-seven thousand, Two hundred and Forty-five Dollars to the Public Service of the Year 1894.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

SUPPLEMENTARY APPROPRIATION BILL, 1892.-The Colonial Treasurer, pursuant to notice, moved the first reading of a Bill entitled An Ordinance to authorise the Appropriation of a Supplementary Sum of Two hundred and Thirty-five thousand One hundred and Eleven Dollars and Ninety-three Cents to defray the Charges of the Year 1892.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a first time.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned until 3 P.M. on Wednesday, the 13th instant.

Read and confirmed, this 13th day of December, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

40

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, No. 17.

WEDNESDAY, 13TH DECEMBER, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL OBRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Attorney General, (WILLIAM MEIGH GOODMAN).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

""

""

""

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

""

""

"

""

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). EDWARD BOWDLER.

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK. HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

The Honourable THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 5th instant, were read and confirmed. STANDING COMMITTEES.-His Excellency appointed the following Committees :-

(a) Finance Committee,-

The Colonial Secretary, Chairman.

All the Members of Council, except the Governor.

(b) Law Committee,-

The Attorney General, Chairman.

The Registrar General.

The Honourable J. J. KESWICK.

The Honourable Ho KAI.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

(c) Public Works Committee,

The Honourable E. BOWDLER, Chairman.

The Colonial Treasurer.

The Honourable C. P. CHATER.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.

The Honourable E. R. BELILIOS.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO APPLY A sum not exceeding Two MILLIONS THREE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVEN THOUSAND, TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIVE DOLLARS TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF THE YEAR 1894."-The Colonial Secretary moved the second reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

The Colonial Secretary moved that the Council do resolve into Committee.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question--that the Council do resolve into Committee-put and agreed to.

In Committee the Colonial Secretary moved that the Bill be referred to the Finance Committee. The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

BILL ENTITLED (6

AN ORDINANCE TO AUTHORISE THE APPROPRIATION OF A SUPPLEMENTARY SUM OF TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED and EleveN DOLLARS AND NINETY-THREE CENTS TO DEFRAY THE CHARGES OF THE YEAR 1892."-The Colonial Treasurer moved the second reading of this Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a second time.

The Colonial Treasurer moved that the Council do resolve into Committee.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-that the Council do resolve into Committee-put and agreed to.

In Committee the Colonial Treasurer moved that the Bill be referred to the Finance Committee. The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned sine die.

Read and confirmed, this 21st day of December, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

.

7

4/

C.O.D.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,

COUNCIL, No. 18.

THURSDAY, 21ST DECEMBER, 1893.

PRESENT:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR

(Sir WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.).

The Honourable the Colonial Secretary, (GEORGE THOMAS MICHAEL OBRIEN, C.M.G.).

the Colonial Treasurer, (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

""

""

""

"}

"1

the Harbour Master, (ROBERT MURRAY RUMSEY).

the Acting Registrar General, (ALEXANDER MACDONALD THOMSON). EDWARD BOWDLER.

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK. HO KAI, M.B., C.M.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Council met pursuant to notice.

The Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 13th instant, were read and confirmed.

178 of 1893.

RETRENCHMENT COMMITTEE.-The Colonial Secretary, by command of His Excellency, read a Despatch from the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies expressing his regret that the Colonial Government and the Unofficial members of this Council had not been able to agree to the composition of this Committee, but hoping at a later date to be able to make proposals for a mixed Committee, composed partly of Official members and partly of Unofficial members which will be accept- able to the Colony generally.

BILL ENTITLED "AN ORDINANCE TO APPLY A SUM NOT EXCEEDING TWO MILLIONS THREE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVEN THOUSAND, TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIVE DOLLARS TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF THE YEAR 1894."-The Colonial Secretary moved that the Council resume Committee on the Bill.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put .d agreed to.

Council in Comittee on the Bill.

On the motion of the Colonial Secretary, seconded by Mr. CHATER, an item of $500 was added to the vote for Miscellaneous Services, as a Grant-in-aid of the Band of the Hongkong Regiment.

Council resumed, and Bill reported with amendments.

The Colonial Secretary moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Treasurer seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

BILL ENTITLED " AN ORDINANce to authoriSE THE APPROPRIATION OF A SUPPLEMENTARY SUM OF Two Hundred AND THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVEN DOLLARS AND NINETY-THREE CENTS TO DEFRAY THE CHARGES FOR THE YEAR 1892."-The Colonial Treasurer moved that the Council resume Committee on the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Council in Committee on the Bill.

Council resumed, and Bill reported without amendments.

The Colonial Treasurer moved the third reading of the Bill.

The Colonial Secretary seconded.

Question-put and agreed to.

Bill read a third time.

Question put-that this Bill do pass.

Bill passed.

ADJOURNMENT.-The Council then adjourned.

Read and confirmed, this 7th day of March, 1894.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

Governor.

No. of

Deaths.

750

800

Mean

Temperature.

January.

February.

600

90

590

888

580

86

570

84

560

82

550

80

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530

76

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74

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72

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68

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66

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64

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56

420

54

410

52

400

50

390

-48

380

46

.370

44

360

42

350

40

325

300

March.

April,

May.

HIGHEST,

TEMPER-

ATTRE

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78

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89 90

89 91

85

78

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65

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70 78 87: 89

64 60 69

88: 83 93 88 90 91

70 79 76 73

68 (1

Can 71'on salgo 04

1887.

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES FO

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

1883.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

:

7

10

5

556 45

45

212

78 74 72 70 78. 87: 89 88 90 91 88 83 83

12

75 68 76 7

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92 90, 90

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DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES FOR THE FIVE YEARS ENDING 31ST

1888.

I 1889.

April.

May.

Jung.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

73 68

76

53

NDING 31ST DECEMBER, 1891.

1890.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.'

September.

August.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

38 20

82

33

222

225

49 60 72

50 1530 15'30 (12 30 65 '99 er lan 21 en 25 100 F0

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1891.

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April.

May,

June.

July.

August.

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October.

November.

December.

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5

6

10

8

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17

16

15

11

13

19

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26

365

25

21

23

223

ra

No. of

Deaths.

750

Mean

Temperature.

January.

600

90

590

888

580

86

570

84

560

82

550

80

540

78

530

76

520

71

510

72

500

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41

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42

350

40

325

300

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70%

LOWEST,

49

43

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BAROMETER

MEAN.

February.

March.

April.

May.

1887.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

78: 82 88

2

89

88

90 89 91 85 78

5+

56

67

73

74 73

73 65

88888

a

56

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2

212

70 78

45

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87: 89 88 · 90; 91

79 76 54 60 69 70

88 83

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78 68

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NOTE.-Plain line indicates the nur

1983.

• "

"SUNT"

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

13.

1

I 1889.

1890.

August.

September.

Octobor.

November.

December.

January,

February.

March.

April.

May.

Juño.

July.

September.

October.

August.

November.

December.

Jundary,

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.'

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

88 90: 91

88; 83

*

70 79 76 73 68

93 75) 68\ 76 77 81

=

53 52 43 54 61

69

2

90. 92: 90 90 87 78

74 78

76

8490 92.9090

73 68 76

76. 70 63 53

6/ 49

60

+3

22

91 94 83

355

3333

72 72 72 66

66

55

29 68 29.69 29.71 29.89 30 043010 30.1480 19 30.15 30.08 29.93 29.85 29 78 20.74 29 74 29 83 99.90 30 05 30 15 30 15:30 08:30 05 29 95 29.84 29.77 29.73 29.77 29.80 29.08 30.46

E.—Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

tted line rain-fall in inches.

f

68 76

22 25

220

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N

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18

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Jased

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*

6

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6

11

10

«{

1890.

January.

February,

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

1891.

July.

September.

August.

October.

November.

December,

Inches.

26

25

21

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

FALL.

313

No. 22

93-

HONGKONG.

THE COLONIAL SURGEON'S REPORT FOR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 19th June, 1893.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 9th May, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward my annual Report for the year 1892, of the work done in the different Establishments under my supervision together with the reports of the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, the Medical Officer in charge of the Gaol and the Government Analyst.

POLICE.

The admissions to Hospital show a decrease of 74, being 496 as compared with 570 in 1891. The deaths were 7, the same as the two previous years. Three died in Hospital, one European and two Indians, the cause of death in all three of these cases was Phthisis. One Indian and two Chinese died while away on leave, and one Chinese was found drowned, his boat was on the praya, but how he got into the water, there was no evidence to show.

The admissions to Hospital from the various sections of the Force for the past ten years are given in the following table :-

Europeans.

Indians.

Chinese.

Admissions to Hospital, 1883,

.113.....

Do.,

1884,

87......

246...... 224....

239

........175

Do.,

1885,

...124....

Do.,

1886,.

.138.....

Do.,

1887,.....

..........139.

Do.,

1888, ...........147.

208..

...

......163

.243...............221

293

279...........

..187 ...231

Do.,

1889,.....

............166..

.230...............194

.254.

179

Do.,

.285...............118

Do.,

224...............120

Do.,

1890,. .............149.

1891,...............169.

1892,...............152..........

From this it will be seen that there is a decided decrease in sickness amongst the Europeans, 17 admissions less than in 1891, and the rate of sickness amongst this portion of the Force is even better than is shown in this table as there were 11 more Europeans in the Police Force than in 1891, the number being 128 as compared with 117.

The Indian portion of the Force shows a still greater improvement, showing a decrease of 41 admissions, with only a decrease of 1 on the strength, 227 in 1891, and 226 in 1892.

The Chinese show an increase of 2 admissions with a decrease of 8 on the strength, being 350 in 1891, and 342 in 1892, but their average rate of sickness shows a very great decrease as compared with former years.

Table I shows the sickness and mortality in the Force for the different months of the year.

Table II gives the average strength rate of sickness and mortality.

Table III shows the admissions to Hospital from the different stations and districts in each month of the year.

Aberdeen and Pokfulum for the first five months only sent in one case, but from June to November were as bad as ever, in spite of the improvements. Stonecutters' Island and No. 1 Station at Jardine's Gates are the sanitariums at present. No cases have come in from them for two years.

The Peak Stations, Gap and Mountain Lodge, don't seem to agree with either Europeans or Indians, the Chinese got off much better than in 1891.

314

The following table gives the total admissions to Hospital, and deaths in the Force for the last ten years:-

1883,

1884,

1885,

1886,

1887,

....

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

Admissions.

Deaths.

599

10

486

7

495

9

.. 602...

14

619

9

657 ...

15

590

14

582

7

570

7

496

7

TROOPS.

There was a very great increase in the number of Troops in the Colony last year, 42 added to the White troops, and 764 to the Black troops, due chiefly to the arrival of the new Hongkong Regiment. There was a good deal of sickness amongst this Regiment during their first summer, but they have greatly improved and now for a long time have suffered very little from climatic causes. The Europeans still suffer very much and the average of sickness and deaths among them increase year by year.

Table IV gives the average strength, sickness and mortality amongst White and Black Troops. The accommodation for the troops has not increased in proportion to their numbers. The barracks are mostly old, and the additional accommodation seems to consist of Chinese houses that have been renovated and improved in the lower levels; though many additional out-stations have been added and a Sanitarium at the Peak. The new Regiment are in a camp composed of matsheds at Kowloon. The following table gives the sickness and mortality among the troops for the past ten years :-

1883,

1884,

Admissions.

1,105...... .1,097.

Deaths.

..10

...12

1885,

.1,190....

24

1886,

....1,607.

9

1887,

.1,749.

.......14

1888,

.1,485...

.21

1889,

.1,732....

.16

1890,

1,915......

.15

1891,

.1,851.....

....17

1892,

2,844...

....31

The addition of 812 unacclimatized troops have to be considered and I think there will be a considerable improvement in 1893. The average strength for 1891 was 1,552 men, for 1892, 2,370.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL.

The Superintendent in his report brings to notice some deficiencies in the Hospital accommodation which I hope will in part be remedied during the present year. I would greatly prefer to have had an entirely new Hospital as was at first intended, but in the old days those who knew the requirements of the peculiar climate of Hongkong were not allowed any voice in the matter, a plan for a new Hospital was sent out from Home at a cost of $250,000. The plan of the Hospital was quite unsuit- able for our sickliest season, the summer months, and the cost beyond our means. We were, therefore, obliged to meet the emergency as best we could. My predecessors had been fighting for a new Hospital for five years before I came and had not Providence helped by blowing down the old Hospital and burning down its substitute, we might have still been in a great deal worse condition than we are

now.

The accommodation in the old building used for a Hospital was not equal to that of the wing now used for Fever and Venereal cases. The admissions were about half the number and the deaths considerably more.

315

The nursing staff has been all that could be desired with the exception of the Junior Wardmasters, with whom we have had the usual trouble and are still seeking a remedy.

Mr. LUCAS, the Apothecary, had given notice of his wish to retire on the expiration of his three years' engagement to my great regret as he was a very superior Officer, and during the illness and absence on leave of Mr. CROW, the Government Analyst, did his duties tnost satisfactorily; but as he leaves for a better appointment at Home, he is to be congratulated and will, I am sure, give the same satisfaction to his new employers as he has done during his whole term of service here.

The Superintendent's report is a most exhaustive one and I agree entir ly with all he has said. His work has very much increased with the absence of Dr. Lowson on duty at the Hygeia, the new Small-pox Hospital Hulk, stationed on the other side of the Harbour. The latter Officer's marvellous escape from the wreck of the Bokhara was a great source of congratulation to us, and the more so that he escaped with but trifling injuries and was soon able to resume his duty. He has done good work on the Hygeia and has had a considerable amount of trouble in organizing the arrangements for the patients and staff of the new Hulk, a duty he has performed most satisfactorily and successfully.

The past year was notable, as far as the Hospital was concerned, for the great diminution in the severer types of climatic disease.

The following table shows the number and classification of those brought to Hospital for the past ten years:-

1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892.

Police,......

599

486

495

602

619

657

590

582

570

496

Board of Trade,

110

60

100

132

103

153

135

110

135

157

Private paying Patients,...

260

259

283

381

324

313

402

527

464

378

Government Servants,..

105

96

124

144

147

159

135

191

179

168

Police Cases,

227

231

238

142

208

242

252

264

240

232

Destitutes,

201

222

270

222

255

248

279

283

279

284

1,502 1,354 1,510 1,623 1,656

1,772

1,793 1,957 1,867 1,715

This table is most satisfactory in showing a decrease of sickness amongst the Police and Govern- ment servants also a small diminution of Police cases.

The percentage of deaths to admissions is the lowest with one exception in the past ten years, 3.96. See Table VI. Of the 68 deaths, 27 were in a hopeless condition when admitted, 23 dying within 24 hours, and 4 within 48 hours.

The following table gives the admissions and deaths in this Hospital for the past ten years:-

1883,

1884,

1885,

1886,

1887,

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891, 1892,

Admissions.

1,502.....

Deaths.

..70

.1,354..

.50

1,510......

.....76

1,623..

...79

1,656....

..89

1,772..............

...80

..1,793..

............77

..1,957........

..98

1,

.,867.....

...84

..1,715............

....68

The Superintendent's exhaustive report and appendix shows no diminution in the interest and energy expendled in the performance of his duties which were more than usually heavy this year as Dr. Lowson, the Assistant Superintendent, was away on leave for a considerable portion of the summer months.

SMALL-POX HOSPITAL AND HULK HYGEIA.

There were thirteen cases of Small-pox treated, six in Small-pox Hospital, and seven on the Hygeia, of these two died. Seven cases were Europeans, of whom one died. Three Coloured cases, no deaths. Three Asiatics, one death. See Table VII.

PUBLIC MORTUARY.

Table VIII gives the returns of dead bodies sent to the Mortuary for examination. The total number was 131, of these 54 were found to be caused by disease, 51 Accidental, 19 Suicidal, and 7 Homicidal deaths.

316

VICTORIA GAOL.

The following table gives the number of admissions to the Gaol and the daily average number of prisoners for the past ten years :—

Total No. admitted to Gaol.

3,486..

Daily average No. of Prisoners.

542.15

1883,

1884,

4,023.

552.00

1885,

...3,610......

....530.00

1886,

..4,600.........

....674.00

1887,

4,302.

....584.00

1888,

.3,627

.531.00

1889,

..3,705....

.581.00

1890,

.3,444..

.566.00

1891,

..5,231..

....507.00

1892,

5,046...

......515.00

There is a decrease in the admissions to Gaol of 185 as compared with 1891, but an increase in the daily average number of prisoners in Gaol of 8. The great increase in the admissions to Gaol on the past two years is due to the Gambling Ordinance entirely. That is to say that an increase of about 1,700 prisoners for a week or fourteen days each, 80 per cent. of whom gamble to the extent of 10 cash at a time, (less than a third part of a penny), $1—2/9 or 1,030 cash, compared with whom boys at home tossing for half pence in the gutters are opulent gamblers. Most of them are miserable wretches and have added largely to the increase of patients in the Gaol Hospital and out-patients in the cells, getting no work or very little to do, medical treatment and extra diet. In any case less work and better food than they get outside for the great majority of these prisoners.

Even with this great increase of sickness compared with former years, 1,035 cases treated in and out of Hospital there were only six deaths. One of these was an Opium smoker, death caused by rupture of a duodenal ulcer and peritonitis setting in, this death can hardly be put down to the Opium habit.

LUNATIC ASYLUMS.

The European Lunatic Asylum was unusually full this year, Sixteen cases were received and one death occurred. Four coloured lunatics were admitted, no deaths occurred.

In the Chinese Asylum, thirty-one cases were admitted and three deaths occurred.

TUNG WAH HOSPITAL.

The number of cases admitted to the Hospital during the year was 2,455. Of these 1,365 were discharged, 1,090 died; among these deaths were 353 received in a moribund condition and dying within 24 hours. 112 remained in Hospital at the end of the year.

In the Small-pox Wards there were 50 cases admitted, 12 were discharged, 38 died, the majority of these deaths were young children.

2,227 Vaccinations were performed. Of these 230 were done in the out-stations by the visiting vaccinators of the Hospital. Calf lymph from the Vaccine Institute was supplied to this Hospital by my Department.

VACCINE INSTITUTE.

This was first opened in the spring to supply Calf Lymph for the use of the new troops that arrived for the Hongkong Regiment. During the summer, Mr. LADDS, who was appointed Super- intendent of the Institute, conducted a series of experiments and the real work began in October. I cannot report satisfactorily till next year as real work only began in the last three months of 1892. The calf lymph supplied is good and I calculate the expenses should be $50 a month when it is in full working order and its earning power be at least $150 a month, as there has been a great demand from the local Dispensaries and also from the Coast Ports.

Mr. LADDS has been appointed Superintendent, but his time is fully occupied by his duties as Veterinary Surgeon to the Sanitary Board and he has to do the most part of this work in his leisure hours often after dark; and as the Institute ought to be a very paying business, I do not think he should be called upon to do this work gratuitously as at present. It is work that was never contem- plated in his original appointment and his own particular duties have increased very much since he was originally appointed.

Moreover, the work is not in his own Department under the Sanitary Board, but he is called upon to do work in my Department gratuitously as we have no one capable of doing this work able to give sufficient time to it.

LOCK HOSPITAL.

317

This name is a misnomer now, it had better be altered to Women's Hospital for Venereal Disease. There is no Lock now, the patients that can leave their beds during the day go out to visit their friends, those who come into Hospital and are confined to their beds receive visits from their friends. None of them are compelled to stay in Hospital against their will.

Under the Lock system when the Contagious Diseases Ordinance was enforced the women of the different houses were notified by the Inspectors to attend at the Hospital on certain dates and the Inspector and his Interpreter were there to see that they did attend. Now, they attend when they please receiving no notification. No Police are allowed at the Hospital. The Matron keeps the record of those that attend and the women are all well aware that there is no compulsion in the matter.

Last year, 314 women attended Hospital as compared with 276 in 1891. 12,215 examinations were made. 57 women were admitted to Hospital. There is an increase in the number of women who came to Hospital this year, 38 more than last year, a decrease in the number of examinations made of 498 as compared with 1891. There were 12,215 voluntary submissions to examination. If these 314 women had been under compulsory examination, the lowest total of examinations made would have been 16,330 probably over 18,000 and we should have had considerably more than 100 patients in Hospital.

Many of the women are half-casts and speak English well. I can always find fluent interpreters among them when wanted, all of them can speak Pidgin-English more or less well, some of them speak several Continental languages.

Amongst the Military though there is an increase in the number of venereal cases generally, the number that contracted constitutional disease was 58 as compared with 82 in 1891.

In the Police there was a decrease of general venereal disease and of the constitutional form 3 cases as compared with 5 in 1891.

In the Government Civil Hospital, the number of venereal cases show a small decrease, the number of cases of constitutional disease was 15 as compared with 12 in 1891.

HEALTH OF THE COLONY.

The percentage of deaths among the Foreign Residents is slightly higher this year being 1.79 as compared with 1.36 in 1891, but is very much lower than any of the previous years. See Table XVI. A glance at the two following tables for the European and Chinese communities shows a great improvement every year owing to improved sanitation of the Colony.

DEATHS AMONG EUROPEANS (BRITISH AND FOREIGN).

FEVERS.

VOMITING

YEARS.

DIARRHEA. Cholera. AND

TOTAL.

Enteric.

Simple Continued. Typhus.

PURGING.

1873,

1874,

1

1875,

1

64 10

2

17

25

4

17

26

18

24

1876,

1

14

24

1877,

5

8

1878,

3

15

22

10

...

27

9

29

1879,

3

21

1880,

1.

12

1881,

2

17

::

14

38

1

10

24

10

29

.1882,

10

13

1

13

37

1883,

1

9-

9

...

19

1884,

7

4

12

23

1885,

7

11

9

19

46

1886,

5

8.

5

18

1887,

10

6

2

25

1888,

5

4

16

25

50

.....

1889,

2

3

10

1

16

1890, 1891,

4

4

4

12

5

1

4

5

15

1892,

1

6

7

318

YEARS.

DEATHS AMONG CHINESE.

FEVERS.

VOMITING

DIARRHEA. CHOLERA. AND

TOTAL.

PURGING.

Enteric.

Simple Continued.

Typhus.

1873, 1874,

12

96

16

195

:

319

125

46

...

231

402

1875,

31

291

288

612

1876,

94

343

259

696

1877,

145

370

·

1878,

89

481

33

1879,

116

733

21

1880,

309

373

1881,

438

168

38

1882,

679

71

1883,

262

571

1884,

132

600

1885,

105

755

1886,

9

772

1887,

9

441

1888,

2

299

1889,

1

363

1890,

342

NNN5: NW: 8: 18∞

311

834

701

1,304

608

1,478

348

1,030

435

1,079

465

1,215

660

1,496

2

301

1,035

561

7

176

1,604

10

326

19

1,136

25

276

13

764

2

361

17

236

917

180

7

551

216

1

562

1891,

6

427

329

9

771

1892,

446

231

677

Choleraic Diarrhoea 1.

The Government Analyst's report is a very satisfactory one and is very interesting as regards the Bread, Milk and Water supplies.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

PH. B. C. AYRES,

Colonial Surgeon.

POLICE.

1

Table I.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during each Month of the Year 1892.

MONTHS.

EUROPEANS.

INDIANS.

319

CHINESE.

TOTAL TOTAL Admissions. Deaths.

Deaths.

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths. Admissions.

Remaining on the 1st Jan.,

1892,

6

9

18

January,.

11

22

42

February,

11

14

33

March,

13

16

31

April,

11

7

21

May,

9

13

11

33

June,

11

25

10

46

July,.

16

21

15

52

August,

17

21

17

55

September,

8

19

9

36

October,

11

17

16

44

...

November,

12

1

20

8

40

December,

16

20

9

45

Total,......

152

1

224

:

2

120

:

496

Co

3

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table II.-Shening the RATE of SICKNESS and MORTALITY in the POLICE FORCE during the Year 1892.

AVERAGE STRENGTH.

TOTAL SICKNESS.

TOTAL DEATHS. RATE OF SICKNESS.

RATE OF MORTALITY.

European. Indian.

Chinese.

Total. European. Indian. Chinese. European. Indian.

Chinese.

European. Indian. Chinese.

Egr-pean. Indian.

Chinese.

128

226 342 696

152

224

120

1

3

3

118.75 99.10) 35.08

0.78 1.32 0.87

Months.

Remaining

on 1st Jan., 1892, January, February, March, April, May, June,

July,. August, September, October,. November, December,..

Total,

....

1 European died in Hospital. 2 Indians

17

2 Chinese

and 1 in India. ;; Victoria and 1 was drowned.

22

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table III.-POLICE RETURN of ADMISSIONS to HOSPITAL from each District during the Year 1892.

GOVERNMENT

ISLAND.

WATER POLICE STATIONS MOUNTAIN TSIMSHATSUI,

LODGE.

WHITFEILD.

CENTRAL

No. 5

8

12

HOUSE No. 2

No. 1 STONE CUTTERS'

GAP No. 6

9

??

"

3

TSATTSZMUI, SHAUKIWAN,

SHEKO.

POKFULAM. ABERDEEN.

STANLEY

YAUMATI,

AND

No. 7.

HUNGHOM.

TAITAMTUK.

10

11

8

11

12 5

10

11

81 131

31 10 14

3

~7 00 00 ** 18 07 00 0 2 2 00 10 N

11

14

2

16

European,

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

1

European.

:

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

-8 9 3 19

Indian.

1

Chinese.

2

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian,

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

:::

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinese.

European.

Indian.

Chinesc.

TOTAL.

18

42

1

33

31

21.

com

33

46

2722

ལ:

12

55

} 36

1

44

40

3

45

5

41

6

11 2

3 4

12

10

21

4 4

1

2

23 9

13

8 406

J. M. ATKINSON,

Superintendent.

320

Table IV.-Shewing the RATE of SICKNESS and MORTALITY of the TROOPS serving in HONGKONG during the Year 1892.

AVERAGE STRENGTH.

ADMISSIONS INTO

DEATHS.

HOSPITAL.

AVERAGE DAILY RATE OF SICKNESS.

RATE OF MORTAL- ITY PER 1,000 OF THE STRENGTH.

White. Black. Total. White.

Blåck. Total.

White. Black.

Total.

White. Black. White. Black.

1,382 988 2,370

1,763

1,081

2,844

16

15

31

83.06

34.37 11.58

15.18

}

Does not include Officers.

Table V.Shewing the ADMISSION and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1892.

DISEASES.

I.—General Diseases.

4. Diseases dependent on Morbid Poisons,-

Sub-Group 1,

""

""

2,

3,

39

4, 5,

>>

B. Diseases dependent on external agents other than Morbid

Poisons,- Sub-Group 1,

2,*

""

">

3, 4,

>>

C. Developmental Diseases,

D. Not classified,

Europeans.

Indians.

ADMISSIONS.

Asiatics.

Total.

Europeans.

H. F. PATERSON,

Surgeon Colonel, A.M.S., Principal Medical Officer, China and Hongkong.

Indians.

DEATHS.

Asiatics.

48

33

17

98

19

2

3

5

119

100

91

310

1

1

2

1

3

168

40

24

232

1

1

1

:

1

1

1

4

1

1

6

CO

7

1

10

18

46

2 48

4

1

3

277

13

18

58

∞∞∞∞

8

8

.9

10

11

12

Diseases of the

II.-Local Diseases.

Nervous System,

Eye,

Circulatory System,

Ear, Nose,

Respiratory, Digestive,

Lymphatic,

Thyroid Body,

Supra Renal Capsules,

25

6

16

47

13

14

33

4

4

2

10

1

1

11

4

15

64

21

27

112

76 22 20

118

7

3

2

12

p

2

4+2

257

+9

4

6

3

12

9

Urinary System,

Generative System,

13

Female Breast,

14

Male

·

... •

15

Organs of Locomotion,

16

Connective Tissue,

17

Skin,

III.

Poisons,

IV.

Injuries,

V.

Surgical Operation,

Under Observation,

E' GLEBAL I

25

37

5

21

2

10 42

5

CO LO

2

2

2

15

90

148

1

9

16

45

18

23

51

1

3

5

37

9

144

190

2

16

5

1

2

:

14

46

79

ar

Total,

788

335

592 1,715

23 11

34 68

* Vide III. Poisons, † Table Va,

J. M. ATKINSON,

Superintendent.

Total.

321

Table Va.--Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1892.

SURGICAL OPERATIONS.

Removal of Tumours,-

Buboes (Scraping), (Excision),

Cervical Glands (Scraping),

Fatty Tumour,

Tumour of Thigh (Adenoma),

Gun-shot Wounds,-

Ligature of Femoral for*

Extraction of Pellet from Legs*

Excision of Hip-Removal of Bullet, Extraction of Bullet from Groin,.

"J

Forehead,

Removal of Smashed Radius for

Removal of Foreign Bodies,--

Removal of Loose Cartilage from Knee,.

""

Impacted Food in Gullet,.

Operations on the Eye,-

Enucleation of Eye,

For Pterygium,

Iridectomy,

Extraction of Lens,

Operations on Head, Face and Mouth,-

For severe injury to Face,

Trephining and elevating depressed Bone,

Operations on Respiratory Organs,-

Empyema (Incision and Drainage), Exploration for Stab of Chest,

Tracheotomy,.

Paracentesis Thoracis,

Operations on Digestive Organs,-

Hæmorrhoids,

Fistular in Ano,. Liver Abscess,

Exploring Liver,

Operations on Urinary Organs,-

For Stricture of Urethra,

For External Urethrotomy,

Operations on the Generative Organs,-

Circumcision,

I.-MALE.

:

Amputation of Penis (Epithelioma),

Paraphimosis,

Hydrocele,

""

(Radical Cure),

Ovariotomy,

Version,

Forceps,

II.-FEMALE.

ADMISSIONS.

Europeans.

Indians.

Operations on Organs of Locomotion,-

For Necrosis and Periostitis,

Amputations-Thigh,

Leg,

Forearm,

Both Forearms,

Fingers or Toes,

For Fractured Patella,-

Mayo Robson's Method, Suture,

For Deep Abscess of Scalp,.

Exploration of Elbow Joint for Injury,

of Knee Joint,

Asiatics.

Total.

DEATHS.

Europeans.

Indians.

732

i

2

1

5

3

15

3

4

21:

1

I

1

1

1

2

1

Total,...

1

::

1

2

21

21

1

10 O

5

2

I- TICO GO

7

1

2

10

4

1

2

3

3

0733

11

1

11

1

Asiatics.

: : :

3

21134

6

to

3

3

12

1

1

3

- 3D GO

122

1

1

1:

1

3

NONN-O

::

Total.

:1

i i

3

:

2

N

122

432217

1

1

65

18

53 136

* Cause of death-Hoemorrhage before admission,

CO

3

:

7

10

J. M. ATKINSON,

Superintendent.

322

Table Vb.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1892,

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

GENERAL DISEASES.

Group A.-Sub-Group 1.

1. Small-Pox, (transferred to Small-Pox Hospital),

2. Cow-Pox,

3. Chicken-Pox,..

4. Measles,

5. Epidemic Rose-rash, (Rotheln),

6. Scarlet Fever,

7. Dengue,

8. Typhus,

9. Plague,

10.

Relapsing Fever,

11. Influenza,

12. Whooping Cough,

13. Mumps,

14. Diphtheria,

15. Cerebro-spinal Fever,

16. Simple-continued Fever,

17. Enteric Fever, Synonyms, Typhoid Fever, (Typhomalarial

Fever),

18. Cholera, Synonyms, Asiatic Cholera, Epidemic Cholera, 19. Sporadic Cholera, Synonyms, Simple Cholera, Cholera

Nostras, . 20. Epidemic Diarrhoea, 21. Dysentery,

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

6

21

1

Ni

10

:9

9

21

4

4

::

1

1

19

15

Total,..

48

....

3333

:

40

Total.

2

-

17

98

2

Europeans.

Indians.

Q

3

Asiatics.

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table Vc.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1892.

GENERAL DISEASES.

1. Malarial Fever,-

Group A.— Sub-Group 2.

a. Intermittent, Synonyms, Ague,

b. Remittent,.

c. Malarial Cachexia,

2. Beri-Beri,

Monthly Table of Malarial Fever Cases amongst the Police.

INTERMITTENT.

REMITTENT.

MONTHS.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

1 15 4

572

3

January,

February,

2

March,

April,

3

May,

2

June,

1

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

Total,..

10

8

30

72

1223

45

4

:

Deaths.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Deaths.

Cases. Total Number of

Total Number of

Deaths.

::

~ :

6

21 12

5

14

19

15

13

25

19

14

14

Co

6

6

165

ADMISSIONS.

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Total.

Europeans.

90 87 69 246

24

8:

:

010000

4488

8

5

5

199

40

17

7

DEATHS.

Indians.

Asiatics.

Total.

: : :

119 100 91310

1

1

J. M. ATKINSON,

Superintendent.

:::

1

: **

3

ما

5

Total.

1

:

10

19

-20

35

40

45

Fever Cases.

Table Vd.-DIAGRAM showing CASES of MALARIAL FEVER occurring every Month amongst the POLICE Force,

the MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE and the MONTHLY

RAINFALL during the Year 1892.

323

Rainfall.

Number! Inches.

-50-

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

30

60°

|_25

50°

Red Wave, Blue Wave, Green Wave,

Black Wave,....

...Intermittent Fever Cases.

.Remittent

.....Monthly Rainfall in inches.

..Mean Monthly Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit.

J. M. ATKINSON,

Superintendent.

10°

20°

30°

40°

November.

70°

December.

Fahr.

Degrees

Mean

Monthly

Temperature.

80°

90°

100°

325

Table Ve.Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1892.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

DISEASES.

1. Phagedoena,

Group A.-Sub-Group 3.

2. Erysipelas,..

3. Pycemia,

4. Septicemia,

Total,.....

2

Europeans.

Indians.

Asiatics.

1

1

2

2

:

1

3

Total.

Europeans.

Indians.

:

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table Vf-Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the

year 1892.

DISEASES.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Group A.-Sub-Group 4.

1. Syphilis, Synonyms, Pox,

13

4

19

a. Primary, ....

b. Secondary,....

24

27

c. Tertiary Syphilis,.

33

9

50

1

...

1

2. Gonorrhoeal, including Chancres Molles,

98

28

10

136

Gonorrhoeal Rheumatism,

Total,...

168

40

24

232

1

1

:

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table Vg.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS and MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the Year 1892.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

DISEASES.

1. Hydrophobia,

2. Glanders,

3. Horse-pox, 4. Splenic Fever,

Group A.-Sub-Group 5.

Total,.....

:

Europeans.

1

1

Indians.

:

Asiatics.

1

Total.

Europeans.

1

1

:

Indians.

:

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Asiatics.

-

Total.

Asiatics.

Total.

326

Table VI.-Shewing the RATE of MORTALITY in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during the last 10 Years.

Rate to Total Number of Rate to Number of Europeans Rate to Number of Coloured Rate to Number of Asiatics

Admissions.

Admitted.

Persons Admitted.

Admitted.

1883, 1884,

1885,.

Per cent.

4.66 1883, 3.69 1884,

Per cent.

Per cent.

Per cent.

4.37

1883,

3.01

1883,

6.08

3.15

1884,

1.24

1884,

6.08

5.03 1885,

4.65

1885,

3.06

1885.

7.01

1886,

4.86

1886,

4.25

1886,

4.66

1886,

5.73

1887,.

5.37 1887,

4.50

1887,

4.56

1887.

6.96

1888,

4.51

1888,

3.96

1888,

4.70

1888,

4.98

1889,

4.29

1889,

3.37

1889,

4.13

1889.

5.41

1890,

5.00

1890,

2.38

1890,

5.30

1890,

7.80

1891,.. 1892,

4.49

1891.

3.46

1891.

2.97

1891,

7.33

3.96 1892,

2.92 1892,

3.28

1892,

5.74

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table VII.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL during each Month of the Year 1892.

EUROPEANS.

COLOURED.

ASIATICS.

MONTHS.

Total Admissions. Deaths.

Total

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

Remaining on the 1st

January, 1892,

49

1

14

23

86

1

January,

62

1

25

30

117

2

February,

48

4

19

44

3

111

7

March,.

56

24

46

1

126

1

April,.

51

6

14

38

103

7

May, June,.

July,

65

28

54

147

10

58

35

44

1

137

3

67

31

61

159

August,

68

28

2

64

160

September,

75

26

50

3

151

October,

69

26.

53

148

November,

58

2

32

42

132

December,.

62

33

43

138

299680 |

5

7

Total,.

788

23

335

11

592

34

1,715

68

888

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table VIIa.-MONTHLY AGGREGATE NUMBER of PATIENTS visited in the HOSPITAL daily for

1892, 1891 and 1890.

Months.

1892.

1891.

1890.

January, February, March, April,

2,372

2.977

2,431

·

2,045

2,541

2,315

2,073

2,677

2,148

2,106

2,275

2,013

May, June,

2,583

2,430

2,399

2,401

2,519

2,256

July,

2,585

2,406

2,404

August,

2,948

1,986

2,588

September,

2,714

1,425

2.304

October,

2,473

2,508

2,374

November,

2.171

2,382

2,636

December,

2,320

2,350

3,065

Total,.

28,791

28,476

28,933

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table VII.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT EUROPEAN and CHINESE

LUNATIC ASYLUMS during each Month of the Year 1892.

327

MONTHS.

EUROPEANS.

COLOURED.

ASIATICS.

Remaining on the 1st

January, 1892,

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

2

1

1

1

January,

February,

March,.

April,.

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

FJ

October,

November,

જાર કર

December,

Total,.

16

1

TH

Total

Total Admissions. Deaths.

7

10

1

10

1

1

1

1

31

Co

3

PANOBABAHOA : 15

1

77

3

3

1

2

1

J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent.

Table VIIC.-Shewing the ADMISSIONS into and DEATHS in the GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL HULK Hygeia

and SMALL-POX Hur during each Month of the Year 1892.

MONTHS.

EUROPEANS.

COLOURED.

ASIATICS.

Remaining on the 1st

Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths. Admissions. Deaths.

January, 1892,

January,

February,

+

March,.

April,.

May, June, July, August,

September,

October,...

November,

December,.

Total,

3

1

1

Total Admissions. Deaths.

Total

3

3

1

1

1

1

2

1

3

3

1

13

2

J. M. ATKINSON,

Superintendent.

.

October,

November,

December,.

Total,... 12

:

...

January,

February,

MONTHS.

Adults. Children. Adults. Children. Adults.

Male.

: Female.

:

Male. Female.

Male.

Female.

Children.

Table VIII.-RETURN of DEAD BODIES brought by the POLICE to the PUBLIC MORTUARY during each Month of the Year 1892.

EUROPEANS AND

OTHER NATIONAL-

CHINESE.

AMERICANS.

ITIES.

Cause of DEATH: REPORTED, PROBABLE OR ASCERTAINED BY EXAMINATION.

ACCIDENTAL.

SUICIDAL.

HOMICIDAL.

:

: : :

:

:

:

:

...

:

:..

:

:

:

:

:

...

:

:

:

Male.

Female.

From Disease.

Drowning.

Fracture of Cervical Ver-

tebræ.

Fracture of Skull, Spine, and Cerebral Concussion.

:

:

:

:

: :

:

: F.

:

Male.

Female.

:..

:

Male.

F.

:.

:.

:..

Female.

7

6

3

2

9

19

2

:

: :

:

1

1

13

5

10

8

2

ΟΙ

6

2

11

3

1

89

16

5

N

3

...

:

N

6

1

CO

:

:

:

:

:

:

7

1

4

4

1

قسم

1

3

:

3

4

:

:. :

:.

:

:

: :

:

...

:.

:

:

...

:

: :.

:

:

...

:

8 3

:

31 1

4

7

2

~

:

:

3

2

1

T

Burnt in a Fire.

:

:

:

:.

:..

:

Shock from Lightning.

:

:

Asphyxia from Landslip.

:

:

:

:

mill's Engine.

:.

:

:

:

: :

:

:..

Strangulation by a Paper-

Shock and Hæmorrhage

from a Fractured Leg.

Syncope caused by Jump-

ing into the Water.

1

2

I

1

:.

:

:

:

:

:..

:..

...

:

:

...

...

:

:

:

:

54 28

2

10

1

4

1

• The deceased was of unsound mind.

:

:

...

:

:

:

N

:

T:

:

:

-

1

2 63

+ Involuntary.

...

:

N

:

:

Wounds and Laceration of

Right Lung.

Poisoning by some Nar-

cotic Substance.

Opium Poisoning.

Hanging.

Drowning.

Incised Wounds of Abdc-

men and Neck.

Concussion and Fracture of Skull caused by Jump-

ing from a House.

Bullet Wounds of Temples

and Forehead.

Hemorrhage from Rup-

tured Spleen.

Incised Wounds of Neck,

&c.

Hemorrhage from Stab- bing into the Right Lung and from Incised Wounds

of Head, Neck, &c.

Incised Wounds of Head

and Neck, &c.

Compound Depressed Frac-

ture of Skull.

Syncope from Blows inflict-

ed in the Abdomen.

TOTAL.

:..

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2

:

:.

:

J

2

...

:

:

*

:

T

:

:

:

:

I

:

:.

...

:

I

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:.

:

:

:

:

:

: :

:.

...

:.

:

:

:

:

:

: :

:.

:

:

F.

:.

:.

*

:

:

F:

: E :

: : :.

:

: :.

:

:

:

:

F:..

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

12

8

10

3

11

16

10

11

14

11

:

Ift

18

G.>

3

2†

1

1

1

1† 131

L. P. MARQUES,

Medical Officer in charge of Post Mortem Examinations.

328

:

329

Table IX.-K.-Shewing the ADMISSION into HOSPITAL in VICTORIA GAOL, and MORTALITY during the Year 1892.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

DISEASES.

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese. TOTAL. Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese.

TOTAL.

Remaining under treatment 1st January 1892,.

I.-

Febricula,

:

Intermittent Fever,

Remittent Fever,

3

18

20

***

Fever and Erythema of left cheek..........

...

11

Fever and Diarrhoea,

Fever and Anæmia,

Intermittent Fever and Anæmia,

Febricula and Constipation,

Rheumatism,

Conjunctivitis,

Keratitis.....

Keratitis of right cornea and Synechia anterior,

Opacity of both cornea caused by trichiasis,

Conjunctivitis and Remittent Fever,...

Otorrhea of left ear,.....

Unsound mind and Anæmia,

11-

111-

1

1

:

"" and Abrasion of lumbar re-

...

13

gion,

19

Fracture of front teeth,

Cerebral Concussion facture of front teeth and

Contusion of right ankle-joint,

Cerebral Compression from attempted suicide

by hanging,

Hemicrania,

Beri-beri,

IV.—

Anæmia,

"

and General Debility,

"

11

""

(opium smoker),

(oedema of feet and ascites),

and Conjunctivitis (opium smoker),.. General Debility (opium smoker),

Emaciation,

31

(opium smoker),

""

and Otorrhea of right car,

and Aphthee of tongue,

Aortic Regurgitation and Anæmia,

Tricuspid Obstruction,

V & VI-

Bubo, Sympathetic (of right groin),

#

of both groins,

VII-

Bronchitis,

"

and General Debility,

*

and Anæmia (opium smoker),

and Aortic Obstruction,

"

...

::

:

...

...

Chronic Emplysema and Pulmonary Congestion,

Hæmoptysis,

Phthisis Pulmonalis,.

Pleuresy of left side and Pneumonia of inferior

lobe of right lung, 、

Asphyxia from attempted suicide by hanging, .

VIII-

Dyspepsia,

Ulcer of stomach,

...

...

1

1

1

1

1

...

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

33

33

28

28

3

1

...

::

7

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

}

1

1

-:

1

1

3

3

...

1

...

...

Jaundice,

Peritonitis,

from perforation of a duedenal ulcer,

Ascites, Diarrhoea,

وو

(opium smoker),

and Anæmia,..

Dysentery,

Lumbrici,

External Hæmorrhoids,

1X & X.-

Orchitis (of both testicles),

呵呵

(of right testicle),

of left testicle and Anæmia,

Stricture of Urethra (Anæmia and Orchitis of

left testicle),

Retention of Urine caused by stricture of

urethra,

Gonorrhoea,

Ulcer of Scrotum and Bubo of left groin,

(Venereal),

Soft Sore and Bubo of right groin,

Bubo of right groin and gleet,

X1.-

Phagedenic Chancre, Bubo of right groin and ulceration of legs (Secondary Syphilis),........

Synovitis of right knee-joint,

1

1

1

and Erysipelas of

"

right leg,.

Carried forward,.

...

::

:::

***

...

....

...

...

...

...

1

***

...

1 1

1

1

...

9

...

11

12

***

***

1

1

121

1

1

:-

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

9

5

190

201

:

:

::

:

:

:

5

***

...

...

..

...

LQ

5

Total number of Prisoners

admitted to Gaol.

330

TABLE IX.-K.-Shewing the ADMISSION into HOSPITAL in VICTORIA GAOL, and MORTALITY during the Year 1892,—Continued.

DISEASES.

ADMISSIONS.

DEATHS.

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese.

TOTAL. Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese. TOTAL.

Brought forward,...

9

5

190

204

5

5

XII.-

Oedema of face and lower limbs,

:

>>

of left leg,

of feet and Anæmia,

11

::

of feet and Scrotum,

Erysipelas of face,....

??

of left arm (after vaccination),

Abscess of left axilla,

of left arm after vaccination,

- 1 2 - ✪

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

of arm and Diarrhoea,

1

1

:)

of left arm,

2

2

*

of left hand, dorsal surface,

1

1

>

of left knee-joint,

1

1

"

of right leg,

1

I

""

of left leg,

1

1

...

11

of right foot, plantar surface,

4

4

7+0

of left foot,

2

""

...

""

of feet (plantar surface),

1

19

of right foot,

1

1

1

...

1

Chronic Ulcer of right leg,

Adenitis of left groin,

19

of right thigh...

Boil of right Gluteal region,

of left foot......

""

Carbuncle of right lumbar region,.

Fibrous Tumour of perinæum (extirpated),.

Unclassed.-

General Debility,

""

(opium smoker),

Alcoholism,

Wounds and Injuries.—

Sun-stroke,

Hæmorrhage from ruptured spleen,

Punctured wound and Erysipelas of left ankle-

joint,.......

Incised wound of left thumb,

JJ

wounds of left ear, neck, right wrist

and right finger,

4

Incised wounds of left leg,

"

wound of left foot,

Contused wound of right leg,

"

Erysipelas,

Contused wound from flogging,

Gluteal Abscess after flogging,

13

of left foot,

of little-toe of left foot and

19

Unknown and Unrecognized.-

Observation,

TOTAL,......

1

***

1

:::

- 22:

1

12

13 2

1

::

1

1

1

1

1

1

...

I

1

1

1

1

25

26

6

6

1

17

18

14

5

293

312

Another death occurred by a Chinese hanging himself in his cell.

:

1

::

:::

Table IXa.-L.-Shewing the NUMBER and PERCENTAGE of PRISONERS ADMITTED into VICTORIA GAOL

HOSPITAL, on the First Examination by the MEDICAL OFFICER, during the Year 1892.

Sick in Hospital.

Admitted to Hospital on First Medical Examination.

Percentage of Hospital cases on First Medical

Examination.

Percentage of Hospital cases on First Medical Ex.

Europeans. Chinese.

5,046

14

Europeans.

Indians.

Chinese.

10

5

293

Total.

Europeans.

Indians.

312

2

34

Chinese.

Total.

To total Gaol

admissions.

To total Hospital

cases.

To total Hospital

cases.

L. P. MARQUES, Medical Officer.

To total Hospital

cases.

39

0.772 1.250 1.242

1.160

L. P. MARQUES, Medical Officer.

-:

1

::

:

1

1

331

Table X.-N-Shewing Cases not ADMITTED ∞ HOSPITAL, treated by the MEDICAL OFFICER, during the Year 1892.

DISEASES.

Remaining under treatment 1st January, 1892,...

I-

Febricula,

Intermittent Fever,

Anæmia (Opium smoker),

Phagedenic chancre bubo and ulcer of both legs (Secondary

Syphilis),

Condylomata,

Ulcer of right leg, (Syphilitic),

Ulceration of craneal bones (Tertiary Syphilis),

Ulcers of left thigh, (Tertiary Syphilis),

II.-

Lumbago,

III-

Trichiasis of both eye-lashes, Conjunctivitis of right eye,.

""

"

of left eye,

of both eyes,

Keratitis of right eye,

of left eye,..

39

Opacity of cornea,

>>

of right cornea and ulceration of left cornea,

of left cornea,

Photophobia,

Ulcer of both cornea, Unsound Mind,

IV.-

Anæmia,

**

[

""

and cardiac palpitation,

"

and Mitral regurgitation,

..

Coloured

Europeans.

Chinese.

TOTAL.

Persons.

17

17

1

1

1

1

1

I

1

1

*1

1

5

5

5

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

*2

1

1

I

1

1

1

+

2

1

1

Mitral and Aortic regurgitation,.

Cardiac palpitation,

VII.-

Anæmia and Diarrhoea, (opium smoker),

Bronchitis,

Pulmonary phthisis,

Asthma,.

VIII.-

Parotitis, (left side),.

Fissures of lips,

Caries of molar teeth, (Extracted),.

Gumboil,

Pharyngitis,

Diarrhoea,

General Debility and ascites,

Ascites and Elephantiasis Arabum of right leg,

Inguinal hernia, reducible, (right side),

""

Prolapsus Ani,

External Hæmorrhoids,

29

"

Anal fistula, (operated),

IX & X.-

Gonorrhoea,

99

(left side),

and abscess of right plantar surface,

and soft chancre,

condylomata,

...

Gleet,

Balanitis,

Orchitis,

Stricture of Urethra,

Abrasion of Penis,

""

of Prepuce,

Oedema of

prepuce,

Warts of penis,

"

of scrotum,

Bubo of left groin and Gleet,

of right groin, (Syphilitic),

Soft sore of Penis, Leucorrhoea,

a

1

+4

*2

HAN

1

6

3

2

6

+2

*}

2

2

6

7

5

5

1

I

:2

4

1

1

1

1

3

12

16

1

1

1

2

6

1

1

3

4

1

3

Carried forward, ·

14

* Females.

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

12

14

*1

*1

130

150

† Oue of them is a Female,

332

XI.

TABLE X.-N.-Shewing Cases not ADMITTED to HOSPITAL,-Continued,

DISEASES.

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese.

TOTAL.

Brought forward,,

14

130

150

Necrosis of right ulna,

"

of left foot,

Contracted muscles of left hand,.

1

1

1

1

1

1

XII.

Herpes labialis,.....

1

Ι

circinatus of neck,

I

1

Eczema,

$12

of left leg and Chronic ulcer of both plantar surfaces,

1

1

Ringworm,

2

$24

$26

Scabies,

+89

†89

Fibrous tumour of perinæum, (extirpated),

1

1

Ulceration of left shoulder,

1

1

Ulcer of right thigh and right fore-arm,

1

1

""

of right leg,

29

of left leg,

1

1

8

8

19

of both legs,

of scrotum,

Chronic ulcer of right leg,

1

1

1

1

6

"3

of left leg,

""

of right foot,

"

11

of left foot,

of feet,

Oedema of feet,..

Scald of right arm,

Boils of head,

Boil of neck,

of right shoulder,

of left shoulder,

of right axilla,

of right arm,.

23

of left arm,

of abdomen,

>>

of scrotum,

وو

of right leg,

of left leg,..

Adenitis of left axilla,

11

of right thigh,

**

of left thigh,

Bubo of right groin, (symp.),

Carbuncle of neck,

29

of right hip,

Abscess of head,

""

""

A

of left superciliary region,..

of superior palpebra of left eye, of neck,

of left axilla,

of right shoulder,

of right breast,

of right arm,

of right hand,

23

,,

>>

of left arm, (after vaccination),

of left hand,

"1

""

of right thigh,

"

of right leg,

of left leg,

"

of right ankle joint,

19

of left ankle-joint,

of right foot,

25

of left foot,

>"

33

of right foot, (plantar surface),.

of left foot, (

"

of both plantar surfaces,

Chronic abscess of left thigh,

of both thighs,

Scrofulous abscess of neck,

Malignant growth of inferior maxilla,

* Females.

Carried forward,..

*

† One of them is a Female.

2

I

1

3

2

3

1

6

1

3

1

1

2

4

2

2

2

∞∞0 31 ∞ IO IN CO O 10 paid pond QH ON ON ON — 24

2

2

3

3

2

3

161Q ∞ ∞ -

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

·

1

1

3

3

2

2

1

1

*1

1

1

4

1

Ι

3

3

1

1

2

2

2

3

6

26

26

16

16

2

222-30PON

1

6

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

21

00

417

446

§ Two of them are Females.

Wounds and Injuries.

TABLE X.-N.- Shewing CASES not ADMITTED to HOSPITAL,—Continued.

DISEASES.

Brought forward,..

Simple fracture of right humerus,

of left radius,

Dislocation backwards of left radius and ulna and Colle's fracture of left wrist and Pott's fracture of right ankle- joint,

Old dislocation of right shoulder,

Abrasion of right shoulder,

"2

of left arm,

of left hand,

of both hands,

"

>>

of right leg,

of left leg,..

""

of right ankle-joint,

""

of right foot,.

"

دو

"

of left foot,

of feet,

of left foot, plantar surface,.

of right foot, plantar surface, of both plantar surfaces,

Blister of right hand,

of left hand,

""

39

of right foot, (plantar surface),

of left foot, (plantar surface),

of feet,

Sprain of left ankle-joint,

Incised wound of head, and right fore-arm and hand,

of left hand,

of left foot,

of right foot,

Contusion of face,...

29

of right shoulder,

>>

of right humerus,

27

of right elbow-joint,

35

of right hand,

""

of left hand,..

of left ankle-joint,

>

of left leg,

of left foot,

""

of right foot,

""

""

13

Contused wound of head,..

of right cheek,

of left arm,

of right hand,

""

of left hand,

...

29

of left leg,...

19

of right leg,

of left foot,

99

"

of right foot,.

...

of feet,

"

• •

Contused wounds of the back, &c.,...

Unclassed.

دو

from flogging,.

Alcoholism,

Delirium Tremens,

Unknown or unrecognised.

Observation,

333

Europeans.

Coloured Persons.

Chinese.

TOTAL.

1276

TOTAL,...

* Female.

8

417

446

1

1

11

1

1

1

1

7

1

1

1

i

1

i

1

1

I

1

1

4

2

3

3

1

2

2272 10 N 00 20 -- OD

2

2

1

2

2

3

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

*1

1

3

3

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

4

4

7

7

2

2

1

1

6

1

1

1

1

1

1

181

181

3

1

:

*2

36

9

678

723

L. P. MARQUES,

Medical Officer.

334

Table XI.-O.-Shewing the RATE of SICKNESS and MORTALITY in VICTORIA GAOL, during the Year 1892.

Rate of Sickness

Rate of Mortality.

Total No. of Prisoners admitted to Gaol.

Daily Average number of Prisoners. Hospital.

Total

Total

Sick

in

Sick, Total Trifling Deaths.

Cases.

Percentage of Serious Sickness to

Total

To Total No. of

Admissions to Gaol.

To Daily Average.

To Total No. of

Admissions to Gaol.

To Daily Average.

5,046

515

312

723

6

6.183

2.051

5.572

1.189

1.165

L. P. MARQUES, Medical Officer.

Table XIa.-M.-CASES admitted to VICTORIA Gaol Hospital, at the first MEDICAL EXAMINATION by the

MEDICAL OFFICER, during the Year 1892.

SENTENCE.

No.

Years. M'ths. Days.

DISEASE.

DATE OF ADMISSION.

DATE OF DISCHARGE.

REMARKS.

નવા dd

Observation, Jaundice,

4

5

Dysentery,

Gonorrhoea,.

...

Observation,

15th Jan. 18th 21st

25th Jan. 13th Feb.

On Remand.

19.

9th

""

5th Feb.

8th

On Remand.

""

22nd

26th

*

*

"

14

8

General Debility, Unsound mind,

Dysentery,

4th March

8th March

7th 16th

"1

10th 23rd

On Remand.

وو

>>

""

9

42

Jaundice,

10

17

Anæmia,

5th April 6th

13th May 12th April

11

7

Diarrhoea,

12

14

Chronic ulcer of right leg,

13

14

Observation,

11th 21st 30th

""

وو

18th

""

4th May 2nd

""

>>

14

Bronchitis,

30th

5th

>>

""

15

Unsound mind,

3rd May

9th

On Remand.

17

16

17

18

19

20

col : : :

21

Incised wound of left foot, Anæmia,

4th

6th

22

"

""

4th

25th

>>

39

14

Alcoholism,

13th

7

Anæmia, (Opium smoker), Anæmia,

21st

23rd " 27th

• •

17.

27th

30th June

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

:::::2:

14

7 Abrasion of lumbar region,

Anæmia, (Opium smoker),

27th

2nd

19:

""

15th June

22nd

28th

7

>>

14 Incised wound of left leg,

25th July

7

Diarrhoea,

12

Anæmia,

*

28

6

29

30

42

31

32

33

3

34

35

36

37

38

H~~:::: $::::

Unsound mind and Anæmia,

Anæmia and G. Debility, (0. smoker),

27th

7th Sept.

Anæmia and Emaciation,.

16th

"

Anæmia, (Opium smoker),

26th

""

22nd: 12th July 27th

""

9th Aug.

1st Aug. 18th Oct.

2nd Sept. On Remand. 26th 39 17th 20th Oct.

On Remand.

""

Conjunctivitis and Remittent Fever, Unsound mind,.

29th

24th

29

10th Oct.

20th

On Remand.

""

Anæmia, (Opium smoker),

21st

Observation,

24th

""

21

11th Nov. 31st Oct.

On Remand.

General Debility, (Opium smoker),

28

Dysentery,

Observation,

14

39

Anæmia, (Opium smoker),

Incised wound of left ear and right wrist

and finger of right hand,

28th "3

4th Nov. 22nd 14th Dec. 16th

9th Nov.

""

5th Dec. 15th "3 23rd

""

""

L. P. MARQUES, Medical Officer.

335

Table XIb.—Q.—Shewing the WEIGHTS of PRISONERS (OPIUM SMOKERS), for the First Four Weeks' Confinement in VICTORIA GAOL, during the Year 1892.

No. AGE. TIME OPIUM

LENGTH OF

SMOKER.

CONSUMPTION WEIGHT WHEN

per diem.

WEIGHT FIRST FOUR WEEKS.

REMARKS.

ADMITTED,

Years.

Mace.

ibs.

Ibs.

ibs. ibs.

ibs.

10

11

12

TQDHONITO=2;

1

50

28

56

18

44

12

59

20

40

15

62

20

55

12

8

30

10

9

36

15

28

10

51

20

37

10

13

50

20

14

50

20

15

55

20

16

45

15

17

55

25

18

36

10

19

43

10

20

47

20

21

40

15

22

33

10

36

10

30

10

25

39

10

26

36

10.

27

50

10

02:00 – 02 pat 62 pond pool pro QQ med 1 Q2 Q3 Q2 1 Q2 H H 07 02 Hood proved good and past 62.

114

109

107 106

109

3

115

109

109 113 115

117

118

117

119

117

106

106

107 106

106

98

85

89. 90

134

130

133 128

130

I

98

94

93

93

95

1

96

96

90

95

96

1.

100

99 102

103

103

2

81

88

89

90

90

1

95

98

98.

100

107

1

115

111

110

109

115

115

116

118

118

106

106

108

108

72

72

76

76

74

81

80

80

80

78

106

111

108

106

107

1

99

93

95

97

100

91

90

93

90

2

80

78

82

87

87

102

101

103

103

103

1

117

117

119

115

114

1

88

84

84

85

1

79

79

85

85

90

1

92

92

91

91

1

96

99

99

100

102

100

92

94

97

98

28

48

16

2

114

107

112

116

116

29

35

10

1

89

89

89

93

93

30 33

8

1

90

87

88

86

31

44

10

1

96

95

96

96

100

32

26

6

102

102

100

101

53

.20

103

100

107

104

104

34

34

10

94

94

104

106

103

35

35

10

36 50

22

37 52.

38 50

20

39 50

21

40 28

4

41

50

20

42 28

6

43 49

20

44

40

20

45 36

10

46

69

40

47

36

10

48

61

20

49 32

8

50 47

10

( Q QI M QI Q7 − 02 H 62 Q2 HQ HQ HO

102

106

107

107

105

101

102 102

102

102

102

98 101

103

102

104

102

103

102

103

97

96

92

97

97

100

93

96

97

100

104

103

103

104

107

110

108

105 106

106

101

98

103

105

105

92

91

90

91

90

89

91

94

99

97

2

93

95

95

93

89

89

88

88

89

89

2

109

110

109

110

110

84

83

81

82

83

85

84

Died.

51

47

22

113

112

112 116

116

52

45

20

1

120

118

119

117

117

53

40

20

1

115

111

108

110

110

54 22

2

1

95

97 100

99

97

55 34

1

123

123

118

114

56 57

20

1

106

102

101 103

103

57

27

10

1

98

99

95

99

96

58

32

8

1

116

117

118 115 123

59

39

10

1

110

x07 108 107

110

60 50

22

61 23

7

62 35

15

1

63 51

22

64 64

25

65 32

10

66 54

22

67 40

20

68 42

15

69

50

20

70 62

25

71

31

10

1

72

29

10

1

73

44

20

74

40

16

75

24

8

1

76 30

77

78

79

80

189885

12

40

20

32

15

29

10

47

27

નાર

62 HH Q3 Q2 - 0) —— QQHHHHHHHQ2 TH C2

104

102 104 104

105

110

110

111

111

109

90

86

90

91

90

104

98 105

107

109

106

115

118 118 116

103

106 105 105

110

110 112 114 117

118

105 106 110

110

114

109

111 108

112

114

116 115 115

118

104

104

107

107 108

83

78

79

80

83

72

76

84

88

86

1층

109

110

108

112

112

105

98

99

99

100

95

92

93

92

91

Ho

112

109 114

119

115

96 102

92

94

92

94

97

102

101

102

95

100

100 100 100

108

105

110

110

102

336

Remaining in Hos- pital 31st Dec., 1891.

Table XII.-STATISTICS relating to the TUNG WA HOSPITAL, during the Year 1892.

No. of Cases Treated in the Hospital, 1892.

No. of Patients Dis- charged during the year 1892.

Died during the year 1892.

No. of Out-Patients treated during the year 1892.

Moribund Cases,

1892.

Remaining in Hos- pital 31st Dec.,

1892.

*d[vudg

Total.

99 13

112

2,063 392 2,455 1,212 155 1,365

880

210 1,090

37,199 | 19,430 56,629 243 110 353

85 27 112

Table XIII.-CASES of SMALL-Pox treated at the TUNG WA HOSPITAL, during the Year 1892.

Remaining in Hospital Admitted during 1892.

31st December, 1891.

Discharged 1892.

Died 1892.

Remaining in Hospital 31st December, 1892.

Male. Female. Total. | Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total.

Nil.

Nil. Nil. 28

22

50

8

4

12

20

18

38

Nil. Nil. Nil.

Table XIV.-VACCINATION performed during the Year 1892 by TRAVELLING VACCINATORS

of the TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

In the City of Victoria.

1,997

In Out-Districts.

230

Total.

2,227

Table XV.-LOCK HOSPITAL.

TABLE A.

SHEWING the ADMISSIONS into the GOVERNMENT LOCK HOSPITAL, during the 55 Years of its Existence, with the Number of DIETS issued

and the AVERAGE Length of TREATMENT.

ADMISSIONS.

NUMBER OF DIETS ISSUED.

Average NUMBER OF DAYS TREATED.

1858. 1859,

124

162

1858,.. 1859,..

4,797

1858..

43.8

5,389

1859....

30.8

1860.

361

1860..

9,107

1860,

23.7

·

1861,

442 1861.

10,778

1861.

23.4

1802,

485 1862

12,193

1862,

22.0

1863,

420 1863,

11,707

1863,

23.7

1864,

442 1864,

11,940

1864,

27.0

1865,

390 1865.

11,303

1865.

28.0

1866.

406

1866,

13,060

1866.

28.6

1867,

434

1867,

1867,

25.5

1868,

579

186x,

16,462

1868,...

23.6

1870,

1869, ***

546 1869,

16,779

1869..

24.8

722

1870,

18,382

1870,.

23.1

1871,

593

1871,

12,308

1871.

185

1872,

656

15,103

1872,

20.9

1873,

500

1878,

11,219

1873,

19.5

1874,

345 1874,

6,814

1874,

18.6

1875,

134 1875,

2,916

1875,

18.7

1876

168

1876,

2,730

1876,

14.3

1877,

177

1877.

3,069

1877,

16.6

1878,

105

1878,

2,242

1878,

19.0

1879,

129

1879,

2,199

1879,.

13.6

1880

57

1880,

1,300

1880,..

14.7

1881

44

1881,

1,330

1881,

21.7

1882

99

1882,

1,831

1882.

15.5

1883

273

1883,..

3,451

1888,

12.0

1884

325

1884,

5,174

1884,

13.1

1885

411 1885,

6,161

1885.

15.6

1886'

401

1886,

4,837

1886.

12.2

1887

144

1887,.

2,014

1887,

13.9

1888

66

1888.

1,616

1888,

24.4

1889

84

1889,,

1,540

1889.

.8.3

1890

82

1890,

1,660

1890.

20.0

189:

80

1891,

2,041

1891

25.5

1892,

65

1892,..

2,392

1892,

36.8

Every day, Sundays and Government holidays excepted.

Number of

Beds in Lock Hospital.

Number admitted

to Hospital on Certificates of Visiting Surgeon.

32

65

337

TABLE B.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.

KETURN of the NUMBER of PROSTITUTES during the Year 1892.

Total Number brought under the Provisions of the Ordinance.

Total Number of Examinations made during the Year.

Total Number of Examinations made when no Disease was found.

NUMBER DISCHARGED FROM HOSPITAL.

No. discharged free from Disease who still follow their former Pursuits.

Number who have returned to their Friends or Emigrated.

Total Number Discharged.

Number

who submitted voluntarily.

314

314

12,215

12,148

TABLE C.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES RETURN for the Year 1892.

57

TOTAL NUMBER OF MEN DISEASED

Total No.

ADMITTED INTO

AVERAGE NUMBER OF MEN IN GARRISON AND PORT (per month).

of Females

admitted

into Lock Military Naval Police Civil

Hospital. Hospital. Hospital. Hospital. Hospital.

Total No. of Men Diseased.

Soldiers. Seamen. Police.

Mer- chant Seainen.

Average Average No. of Men Percentage in Garrison, of Men

and Port Diseased (per month). (per month).

REMARKS.

65

583

54

127

764

2,436

696

12,865 15,997

0.397

TABLE D.

RETURN OF WOMEN examined and treated in the Government Lock HOSPITAL during the Year 1892.

EXAMINATION.

HOSPITAL.

DISCHARGED.

DISEASES.

———-“----

Primary Syphilis, uncomplicated,

do.,

Do. and Primary Syphilis, combined,

Gonorrhoea,

12,215

65

12,148

Secondary Syphilis.

Gonorrhoea and Secondary Syphilis, combined,

Primary and Secondary Syphilis and Gonorrhoea,.......

DISEASES.

Primary Syphilis, including Chancres Molles,

Gonorrhoea, uncomplicated,.

Do.,

and Primary Syphilis, combined,

Secondary Syphilis,

Gleet,

Gonorrhoea and Secondary Syphilis, combined,

Primary and Secondary Syphilis and Gonorrhoea,

4..

TOTAL,.........

TABLE E.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES RETURN for the Year 1892.

No. remaining in

Hospital, 31st December, 1891.

Admitted.

Total Treated.

Cured.

No. remaining in

Hospital, 31st December, 1892.

48

3

62

65

57

8-13

50

44

5

1

9

Military

Naval

Hospital.

Hospital.

Police Hospital.

Civil Hospital.

295

230

58

No returns sent.

19

47

32

65

15

TOTAL,..

TOTAL,

TOTAL,.....

TOTAL,.

.....1892,..............

583

54

127

.1891,....

452

57

129

. 1890,......

419

69

153

.1889..

452

65

132

Not contracted in the Colony :-Primary Syphilis,

.3 cases.

Gonorrhoea,

2

>>

57

338

TABLE E 2.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES ORDINANCE.

TABLE shewing the number of MILITARY MEN admitted into MILITARY HOSPITAL, during the Year 1892.

SECONDARY SYPHILIS.

Months.

Contracted in Hongkong.

Contracted elsewhere.

Total.

January,.

11

February,

March,

April,

May,

11

4

3

3

7

7

5

NA

June,

Co

3

CA

3

July,

August,

5

5

September,

4

October,

November,

4

6

6

December,

6

6

Total Number,.

58

Table XVI.-Shewing the rate of MORTALITY among the FOREIGN RESIDENTS in Hongkong during the last 10 Years

Years.

Number of European and American Residents.

Deaths.

Percentage of Deaths to Number of Residents.

1883,

3,040

81

2.06

1884,

3,040

1885,

3,040

99

==

94

3.09

3.25

1886.

3,040

103

3.38

1887,

3,040

108

3.55

1888,

3,040

122

4.01

1889,

3,040

93

3.06

1890,

3,040

1891,

4,195

29

95

3.12

57

1.36

1892,

4,195

75

1.79

Average of 10 Years,....

32,710

927

2.83

Enclosure 1.

Report of the Superintendent of the Civil Hospital.

339

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 18th March, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward you my annual Report for the year 1892 with the Hospital Statistics.

I-THE HOSPITAL BUILDINGS.

year.

1. No alterations of any importance have been made to the existing buildings during the past

2. The office store and laundry accommodation as well as that for private paying patients mentioned in my last annual Report still remain necessary additions to this Institution if it is in the future to meet the public requirements of the Colony.

3. At no distant date it will, in my opinion, be necessary to provide further accommodation for female patients, and also increased facilities for the carrying out of surgical operations; they should, instead of being conducted as at present in the Wards, be performed in a separate semi-detached building as is the case in most well-conducted Hospitals.

4. The foregoing considerations, together with the continued increase of Chinese dwellings accom- panied by the night noises of the natives referred to in my last annual Report, seem to point to the advisability of reserving a new site in the vicinity of the Hospital Staff Quarters and Lunatic Asylums for the future construction of an entirely new Hospital, furnishing the increased accommodation required, and arranged in accordance with the best modern practice.

II-LUNATIC ASYLUMS.

5. In accordance with instructions contained in C. S. Letter 1,505 of 1891, the European and Chinese Lunatic Asylums have been under my charge during the past year.

6. The European Lunatic Asylum provides accommodation for 9 cases with adequate day room accommodation which in cases of emergency can be utilised for the treatment of patients not requiring separate accommodation.

There are also quarters for one European Wardmaster.

The building is provided with bath-rooms, kitchens, store accommodation, and the necessary out- buildings.

7. The Chinese Lunatic Asylum, situated in premises adjoining those of the European_Lunatic Asylum, includes quarters for a European Wardmaster, a Chinese Interpreter and attendant, one Chinese amah, in addition to accommodation for isolating sixteen separate patients, and as in the case of the European Lunatic Asylum should necessity arise further accommodation in the day room can be temporarily arranged.

8. The want of sufficient room and privacy is much felt for the satisfactory treatment of such class of patients.

III.-SMALL-POX HOSPITAL AND HYGEIA.

9. The temporary Small-pox buildings have been maintained and occupied by six patients.

10. The hospital ship Hygeia, moored off the north of Stonecutters' Island, has been called into requisition for the treatment of seven small-pox cases during the past year.

Of these three arrived by H.M.S. Orontes during the month of January, one by the S.S. Verona during the month of February, another during the same month from S.S. Teviot, one in October from the S.S. Tartar and one from the S.S. Flintshire during the month of December.

11. As this ship now forms a portion of the Hospital accommodation of the Colony the following short description of the arrangements on board will, doubtless, be of general interest.

12. The hospital ship Hygeia is 185 feet in length, 30 feet in breadth at water line, and has a draft of 8 feet, it consits of two Decks: the Upper and the Lower or Main Deck.

340

i

On the Upper Deck are situated six Private Wards, a Dispensary, Medical Officer's quarters, four bath-rooms, kitchen, scullery and servants' quarters; the dimensions of which are given in the following plan:-

Name or Number

of each

Room, Ward, W.C., &c.

Length in feet.

Breadth in feet.

Height in feet.

Cubic Space.

Number of Beds.

Ventilating Openings.

Doors and Windows,

Sliding

Shutters, &c., Ports, &c.,

sq. feet.

feet.

feet.

feet.

sq. feet.

Ward I., (Private),.............

16.0

13.4

8.0

1,707

62

39

II., (

),.........

16.0

13.4

8.0

1,707

2

62

III., (

),........

14.6

13.6

8.0

1,566

2

IV., (

),........

14.6

13.6

8.0

1,566

2

""

V., (

15.6

13.6

8.0

1,674

2

29

""

VI., (

""

),.......

15.6

13.6

8.0

1,674

N N N N N

Dispensary,

10.0

11.6

8.0

920

35

Bath-rooms (4) each,

4.9

11.6

8.0

437

28

average

Upper Deck,

59.0

37.0

15.0

32,745*

24

251†

average

Servants' Quarters,.......

31.0

20.0

8.0

4,960

228

...

Lower or Main Deck,

147.0

31.0

10.6

47,848

32

175

Water Tank Room,

Store Rooms,

Ventilating Shaft Diameter. Down and Up.

The Lower or Main Deck contains accommodations for 32 patients, quarters for two Native attendants and the Water Tank Room.

13. From the attached plan it will be seen that the accommodation is as follows:--

Private patients 12 beds.

Third class patients 56 beds.

Ventilation is very good throughout the ship during the winter months.

In the summer season if it is necessary to occupy the Lower Deck for cholera patients large square ports will have to be substituted for the present small round port holes.

On emergency over 110 patients could be accommodated, giving each 600 cubic feet on the Upper Deck and 900 cubit feet on the Lower Deck, which with the satisfactory ventilation is liberal.

14. It will be noticed that the ship is unprovided with a disinfector and suitable store accom- modation, both of which are very necessary adjuncts to a hospital ship for the treatment of infectious diseases.

15. The distance of her moorings from the City has proved to be a source of considerable inconvenience.

IV.-ADDITIONAL OFFICERS' QUARTERS.

16. This building was completed and occupied in June 1892, and the advantages, which I anticipated in my last annual Report would be derived from this important addition to the Hospital premises, have been fully realised.

17. On the completion of this building that temporarily occupied by the Officers reverted to the use of the Colonial Surgeon.

V.-HOSPITAL PREMISES.

18. These have been maintained in as satisfactory condition as the funds available will permit; no alterations have been made.

* This, of course, does not include the large air space above the private wards and Dispensary, passages, &c.

Including sliding shutters above private wards. In addition to all there is an open space of 4 inches between the side and roof of

ship all round.

VI. HOSPITAL AND NURSING STAFF.

341

19. Mr. ROBERT WHITE, Junior Wardmaster, dismissed on 13th March, was succeeded by Mr. SAMUEL PEPPER who was seconded to this Department for six months from the Police. 512/92.)

(C.S.O. No.

Miss M. A. THOMPSON (Sister MARY) resigned on the 25th March, and was succeeded by Miss G. BROOKES (Sister ANNIE). (C.S.O. No. 772/92.)

Mr. ROGERS, Steward, mentioned in: my last Report as being on leave, resigned on 31st March on pension, after 12 years' service, and was succeeded by Mr. CHAPMAN.

Mrs. SIMMONS, Nurse to the European Lunatic Asylum, resigned on the 18th April on pension, after 17 years' service, and was succeeded by Miss WALKER (Sister CAROLINE). (C.S.O. No. 772/92.)

Miss MACKINTOSH (Sister CATHERINE) was away on leave from 7th May to 18th June.

I have much pleasure in recording that in August this Sister passed the second Government Examination in the Cantonese dialect with great credit.

Dr. Lowson was away on leave from July 7th to September 9th, and again from 26th September to October 19th. It is with much thankfulness that I record his marvellous escape from the sad disaster of the wreck of the P. & O. S.S. Bokhara.

It is my agreeable duty to record my appreciation of the able assistance afforded me by the several members of the Hospital Staff and of their attentiveness to the work of the Institution.

VII.-WORK DONE DURING THE YEAR.

20. Attached to this Report are the following tables :-

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL.

I.-Shewing the admissions into and deaths in the Government Civil Hospital during each

month of the year, of the Police.

II.-Shewing the rate of sickness and mortality in the Police Force during the III.—Police return of admissions to Hospital from each district during the year. V.-General return of the sick treated in the Hospital.

Va.-Surgical operations performed during the year. Vb.-Zymotic Diseases, sub-group 1.

Vc.-

""

""

2.

year.

Vd.-Diagram shewing number of cases of Malarial Fever occurring amongst the Members

of the Police Force admitted in each month of the year.

Ve.-Zymotic Diseases, sub-group 3.

Vf.- Vg.-

17

>>

4.

5.

VI.-Shewing the rate of mortality in the Government Civil Hospital during the last 10

years.

VII.-Shewing the admissions into and deaths in the Government Civil Hospital during

each month of last year.

VIIa. The aggregate monthly number of patients visited in the Hospital daily for the last

three years.

VIIb.-Table of admissions into and deaths in the Lunatic Asylums during the year. VIIC.-Table of admissions into and deaths in the Small-pox Hospital and Epidemic Hulk

Hygeia during the year.

21. The total number of cases treated during the year was 7,783, as against 8,698 in 1891; of these 6,068 were out-patients.

22. The number of in-patients during the year was 1,715, a decrease of 152 as compared with that of the previous year. The total number of deaths was 68, of these 27 were in a moribund condition when admitted, 23 dying within 24 hours, and 4 within 48 hours of their admission.

23. The average daily number in the Hospital was 78.8, and the percentage of deaths to total treated 3.96, as against 4.49 in 1891.

year.

24. Of the total number of in-patients 163 were females, an increase of 39 on that of the previous

14 of these were obstetric cases as against 6 in 1891.

342

25. The following diseases caused the greatest number of admissions :---

Diseases.

Cases.

Fevers:-

Simple continued (Febricula)

21

Enteric......

4

Intermittent

246

Remittent

40

311

232.

148

119

112

48

40

183 admissions.

Venereal ....

Organs of Locomction Digestive System... Respiratory Alcoholism.

Dysentery

""

Injuries of various kinds caused

....

26. Of the 68 deaths 8 were from Phthisis, 4 from Liver Abscess, 4 from Heart Disease, 3 from Dysentery, 3 from Bright's Disease, 14 from Injuries (9 of these being from Fracture of the Skull) and the rest singly from other diseases.

27. POLICE.-The total number under treatment was 74 less than in the previous year. With regard to the different nationalities there was a decrease of 15 amongst the European members of the Force, a decrease of 61 amongst the Indians and an increase of 2 amongst the Chinese.

There were 3 deaths during the year: one European dying of Phthisis, one Indian of Tubercular Peritonitis and another Indian of Acute Tuberculosis.

This is the smallest number of deaths amongst the Police Force for years, and it is to be noted that there were no deaths from diseases incident to the Colony.

Aberdeen, notwithstanding its new Police Station, sends in more Police suffering from Malarial Fevers than any other station.

28. Influenza.-There were 21 cases under treatment during the

year.

29. TYPHOID FEVER.-There were 4 cases under treatment during the year, all of which recovered. Two of the cases occurred in the Colony, one being admitted from Kowloon and the other from Elgin Street. In the third case the disease was contracted in Canton and in the fourth somewhere in Japan.

30. CHOLERA.-There were two cases under treatment during the year with one death.

A European sailor was admitted on 28th June, at 9.50 a.m.; he stated that diarrhoea and vomiting had commenced at 11 p.m. the previous night and had continued up to the time of admission. He was then in a state of semi-collapse, temperature 97° F. and complaining very much of cramp in his legs. Shortly after admission he passed a typical rice-water stool, under treatment he rallied and was discharged cured on 5th August.

The fatal case was that of a destitute Chinaman admitted at 8.55 p.m. on 23rd August, with incessant diarrhoea and vomiting; he rallied that evening but had a relapse the next day and died at 6.10 p.m. on the 24th August.

These were evidently cases of Choleraic Diarrhoea (Sporadic Cholera).

31. DYSENTERY.-There were 40 cases under treatment with 3 deaths, one of these occurring from the severe form of dysentery "Gangrenous Colitis," as proved by the post mortem examination.

32. MALARIAL FEVERS.-The total number of cases under treatment was 286, as compared with 339 in 1891. Of these cases 246 were of the Intermittent and 40 of the Remittent type. There were no deaths during the year. This disease was neither so prevalent nor so fatal as in previous years.

I have no doubt that this is to a great extent due to the improved sanitary condition of the Colony, and when the new drainage system is completed we may expect a still further diminution in this class of diseases.

There were two cases of Hyperpyrexia occurring in the course of Remittent Fever, in one case the temperature reached 108° F. and in the other 106°.8 F.; they both recovered.

33. BERI-BERI.—There were seven cases under treatment, all of whom recovered; they of the dry variety (Beriberia atrophia).

were all

34. VENEREAL DISEASES.-232 patients were under treatment during the year as against 230 in 1891; there is a distinct diminution in the number of cases of Primary and Secondary Syphilis, the numbers being 46 as against 94 in 1891.

There were 136 cases of Gonorrhoea, including Chancres Molles, admitted as against 109 in the previous year. Many of these cases developed peculiarily indolent buboes; in our experience the best treatment for these cases is excision of the affected glands or when this is not possible, as is frequently the case owing to the glands having already broken down, to enucleate or scrape away as much of the diseased tissue as possible.

343

It is a good practice to anesthetise the patient as unless this removal of the diseased gland tissue is done systematically and thoroughly the parts which are left will be very slow to subside and may cause considerable trouble by burrowing under the surrounding healthy skin. The attempt to procure absorption by the application of pressure has been found quite useless.

35. HYDROPHOBIA.--One case of Hydrophobia was admitted during the year, the patient was a schoolboy from the Diocesan Home who was bitten by a stray dog on 27th February; he was brought to the Hospital on the same day, treated for the dog bites and discharged cured on 12th March. He was re-admitted on the 4th April, complaining of neuralgic pains in the region of the bites. On the 6th instant further well-marked symptoms of Hydrophobia developed and he died of this disease on the 7th instant.

36. INJURIES.--190 are returned under this heading. The most important point to note is the increase in the number of dog bites, no less than twelve patients were admitted from this cause during the year. Undoubtedly this is due to the large number of stray dogs that are allowed to run loose in the Colony.

In addition to the case of Hydrophobia noted above I am informed that three deaths from this disease have occurred at the Alice Memorial Hospital, and one at Quarry Bay, during the past year.

Two patients (Chinese) were admitted on 13th July who were seriously injured in the Peak Tramway accident.

They had both sustained very severe injuries to their legs. In one case the limb was so smashed that amputation had to be performed, in the other case there was a compound fracture of the Tibia and Tibula, after removing part of the Tibia the bones were set and ultimately the patient recovered with free use of the affected leg.

The first case made a good recovery and was discharged with a wooden leg.

37. SURGICAL OPERATIONS.-The total number of operations performed during the year was 136 with 10 deaths as against 142 with 12 deaths in the previous year.

AMPUTATIONS. In the fatal case the patient, a Chinainan, was severely injured in a machinery accident at East Point Refinery, the thigh was practically amputated before the patient was admitted, he never recovered from the shock but died a few hours after admission.

Notes of some of the more interesting operations are given in the Appendix.

HEPATIC ABSCESS.-I regret to have to record the death of Surgeon-Captain SMYTHE of the Army Medical Staff from this disease.

Two other cases of Liver Abscess were operated on during the year and died, in both cases post mortem examination revealed the presence of numerous abscesses, in one case there was a distinct history of dysentery.

FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS.-In addition to those operated on (in List of Operations) the following fractures and dislocations were treated :-

Skull,

Superior and Inferior Maxillæ,

Inferior Maxilla,

Rib or Ribs,

Simple.

Compound.

.3

7

..0

1

0

.4

0

Spine,

Humerus,.....

Radius,

Ulna,

Radius and Ulna,

Metacarpal,

Femur,

3

3

.3

1

..1

1

0

7

Tibia,

.2

0

Fibula,

1

Tibia and Fibula....

.0

Tibia, Fibula and Spine,....

.1

Both Radii, ...

....1

Tibia, Radius and dislocation of elbow,..

1

Dislocation of shoulder joint,

2

0

Dislocation of Acromio-Clavicular joint,

...........2

38. ALCOHOLISM.-There were 48 cases, with one exception, that of a Chinaman, these were European sailors.

39. POISONING.-There were only 5 cases under treatment during the year, in each the poisonous agent was opium; two proved fatal.

344

40. SMALL-POX.-There were thirteen cases under treatment with 2 deaths.

41. VACCINATIONS.-Two hundred and seventeen (217) vaccinations were performed during the year with the following result :-

Primary cases, Re-vaccinations,

....

Successful. ....76

Unsuccessful. 8

84

..96

37

=133

217

Since October we have been supplied with calf lymph from the local Vaccine Institute, and have found it very satisfactory.

42. LUNATIC ASYLUMS.-There were 51 cases under treatment during the year with 4 deaths. The nationality of these cases is given in Table VIIb.

43. POST MORTEM EXAMINATIONS.-35 were performed during the year.

44. In an Appendix are the notes of some cases of medical and surgical interest.

45. The fees received from the patients in the Government Civil Hospital during the year amounted to $12,269.10; of this the Board of Trade paid $3,100.92, and the police $883.75.

Those received from the Lunatic Asylums amounted to $1,017.92 and those from the Small-pox patients $338.66 giving a total of $13,625.68.

Before concluding I wish to thank the Naval and Military Surgeons who are, and have been, on this Station, and the Civil Doctors for their valuable assistance, frequently rendered, especially at operations.

GIFTS OF FLOWERS, NEWSPAPERS, &c.-The patients have been much indebted to several ladies of the Colony for frequent gifts of flowers, newspapers, &c.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

Dr. PH. B. C. AYRES,

Colonial Surgeon.

J. M. ATKINSON, M.B., (London),

Superintendent.

Appendix A.

GUN-SHOT WOUNDS.

+

The gun-shot wounds during the year were various. The most interesting case was that of the Chinese boy, age 13, who was shot at Kowloon during the manoeuvring of a squad of blue-jackets from H.M.S. Impérieuse. The boy was running about in front of the squad probably seeing how close to the rifles he could go when he was observed to full. Surgeon HUGHES, R.N., was close by and found him suffering from a wound in the left groin from which there was considerable hemorrhage. He at once applied a firm pad to the wound and brought him to Hospital about 12 a.m. Dr. ATKINSON found him suffering from a wound in the groin just below Poupart's ligament, about the size of a shilling, over the course of the femoral artery which had been shot through. He was blanched from the serious haemorrhage. The two ends of the artery were tied, no bullet could be found at the time of operation. When I saw him late in the afternoon he had rallied to some extent and could tell his name. About 7 p.m., however, he again became unconscious and although transfusion was attempted, he rapidly sank and died. At the post mortem examination it was found that about an inch of the femoral artery had been shot away. The wound passed down through the muscles on the inside of the neck of the femur and there ended blankly, no bullet or any other foreign body being found. There was very little charring about the wound, which would point to the rifle being some distance off when fired. The suggestion that possibly a stone had been either put in the rifle or knocked up off the ground and then hit the boy was negatived by the fact that really nothing was found in the wound.

The boy's clothing was carefully examined and there were simply the small round holes in his garments corresponding to the place of the wound no charring or burning about them. The same afternoon Fleet Surgeon MAHON and Lieut. HALL and self made various experiments with blank cartridge and found that, if the muzzle of the rifle was held within a couple of inches of the clothing simply a hole was made without any charring. At a distance of about six inches a considerable and scattered charring took place. On shooting into a turnip at a distance of one to three inches a condition of affairs was found closely simulating the wound in the boy ending blankly at about a

·345

distance of three inches or so in the turnip. Taking all-together the conclusion I came to was that the rifle had been held quite close to or practically touching the boy's clothes and the absence of charring was due to the above fact and probably also to the copious hemorrhage which took place immediately. If the rifle had been further away there would have been charring and greater laceration in the clothing and also a larger, more superficial wound in the boy's groin.

Another case of a boy shot at Kowloon came in early in the year. He was one of the crowd of boys who hover round the targets hunting for lead. Whether the boy was hit direct or by a deflected bullet is not known, but he was admitted to Hospital with a wound over the great trochanter of the left femur. The upper third of the bone was found to be smashed into three large pieces and several smaller ones. The smaller pieces were removed and a drainage tube was inserted. The bullet could not be found in spite of careful search, although a track existed running down between the gluteal muscles. The boy's condition otherwise than the local injury was satisfactory. During the following week in spite of antiseptic precautions the wound got dirty with copious suppuration and it was resolved to cut down on the joint and, if thought necessary, excise it. This was done and after it he recovered without a bad symptom. The bullet was again looked for during the second operation but could not be found. However, a fortnight later a hard swelling formed in the buttock and on cutting into this the bullet was found-evidently a Martini-Henry bullet considerably flattened. The boy was discharged with only 24 inches shortening; a very good result seeing that practically the upper third of the femur had been removed.

A third interesting case was that of P. C. GODFREY who went out to hunt the "Tytam tiger." While scrambling through the bush his carbine went off and the bullet entered his right arm in front of the wrist and emerged two inches below the elbow on the extensor surface of the forcarm, smashing about 2 inches of the radius on its way. The shattered piece of radius was removed in about thirty-five pieces and a drainage tube put along the track of the wound. As is frequently the case in gunshot wounds there was a considerable amount of inflammation afterwards, but thanks to the patient's pluck the arm has been saved and is improving day by day. The flexor tendons are adherent to the anterior cicatrix but it is possible that by an operation to try and free then he may yet have a very useful hand and arm.

A CASE OF SEVERE INJURIES.

Severe injuries to a Chinaman had a peculiar causation. He was working on the Praya and fell a distance of about 16 feet landing on his face on the edge of an iron tank. When brought to Hospital at 3 p.m. he was a horrid sight-his lower jaw bone being smashed to pieces and the lower half of his face was lying on his chest. Almost all the blood vessels in the neck were divided except the carotids. Some projecting substance had passed through the neck and caused a wound at the back of the neck about an inch from the middle line at the level of the second and third cervical vertebra. All visible torn vessels were tied and the large face wound closed up, several drainage tubes being left in the wounds. There was some more hemorrhage (after he had rallied slightly) which soaked the dressing. A fresh dressing was applied and, as his pulse had improved, it was resolved to tie the left common carotid should it continue. This was not necessary however. Owing to the lower jaw having disappeared with the exception of part of the two rami, it was necessary to keep the tongue pulled well forward. The following morning at 6.30 a.m. as I found him seriously collapsed I transfused him, injecting nineteen ounces of neutral saline solution.

His condition improved wonderfully but he again sank two hours later. He was again transfused at 10 a.m., twelve ounces of fluid being injected and he again improved. At noon as his breathing was very laboured tracheotomy was performed by Dr. ATKINSON but he never rallied again and died at 2.30 p.m. A post mortem examination was not allowed. Query.-Had he a fractured skull or severe abdominal injury as well ? It was naturally difficult to get any information from him, but he complained of pain in the abdomen. The collapse, of course, might have been due solely to the haemorrhage from the wound; but the marvellous way in which he rallied after transfusion and the rapid sinking pointed to some further loss of blood. Improvement after transfusion, I am aware, is often transitory but although the injuries and external hemorrhage in this case were severe they were scarcely sufficient to account for death in such a strong and otherwise healthy man.

TRACHEOTOMIES.

The European death was from diphtheria, the first case recorded in the Hospital for years. The patient was sent in on 3rd July, at 3 p.m., by Dr. BELL. He had well-marked diphtheritic exudation on his tonsils and pharynx. As far as I can make out he must have been infected in Singapore. At 10.30 p.n. he was much worse with symptom of asphyxiation. Tracheotomy was quickly performed, but although he improved somewhat after it he died about 2 a.m. following morning. Post mortem diphtheritic membrane was found to extend half way down the trachea whilst the inflammation extended down to the bronchi. Another of the cases where this operation was necessary the patient had tried an original method of suicide. He had first cut through the superficial structures with a razor and then he systematically proceeded to stab his trachea with a pair of scissors. When admitted there had evidently been a considerable amount of hæmorrhage as coarse rales could be heard all over

346

both lungs. One of the thrusts had pierced the cricothyroid membrane and after dissecting down, this opening was enlarged downwards and a tube inserted. He died of pneumonia four days after- wards. The other death after tracheotomy was in the case of a Malay suffering from Bright's Disease where the operation was performed for relief in a case of a gangrenous cervical cellulitis the man dying of septicemia three days afterwards. The other cases of tracheotomy were performed for suicidal cut-throat; these recovered.

LOOSE CARTILAGE IN KNEE-JOINT.

The loose cartilage in knee mentioned in the list of operations was cut down upon and removed by Dr. ATKINSON. It was oval in shape the long diameter being about two inches and the short diameter one inch. The wound healed by first intention, result perfect.

EMPY EMA.

The case of empyema mentioned in the operation list did exceedingly well after operation, his weight at time of operation being 113 bs. and three months later when he left for Australia his weight was 124 lbs. While in Australia he developed Phthisis and again came back to Hospital here and died in the early part of this year (1893).

BUBOES.

In several of the operations on buboes severe hemorrhage was met with from enlarged branches of superficial circumflex iliac and superficial epigastric arteries. It is of little use trying to stop this until one has thoroughly removed out the diseased gland then the artery can be seized and securely tied.

TETANY.

JAS. A. LowSON.

An Indian boy, aged 16 years, was admitted on the 16th November from the P. & O. S.S. Formosa. He stated that ten days before admission he was suddenly attacked with stiffness in the arms, this soon extended to the muscles of the chest and neck so much so that his chin was drawn down towards his chest; after lasting for a few hours this would pass off only however to return again, at the onset before the spasms set in there was distinct pain in the muscles affected.

On admission there was well-marked rigidity of the muscles of both upper and lower extremities, in the upper extremity there was extension of the phalanges on the metacarpal bones, flexion of the wrist and elbow, and adduction of the arm, in the lower extremity the rigidity was most marked in the extensor muscles of the thigh, so that he walked as if his knees were stiff, the sterno-cleido- mastoids were both firmly contracted, approximating the chin to the chest, the masseters were so firmly contracted that it was with great difficulty that his mouth could be opened and the muscles of the back stood out like firm boards.

His temperature on admission was 100° F., after this it never rose above 99° F.

This spasm did not come on in paroxysms but was continuous, a tonic rigidity of the affected muscles lasting for some hours and only passing off during sound sleep. I could find out no cause for this condition.

He was given first of all chloral and bromide, five grains of the former and ten of the latter thrice daily; this was increased to ten grains of the chloral with ten grains of the bromide every four hours, but with very little benefit. On the 29th November as his condition had not materially improved Extract Physostigmatis gr. was given in the form of a pill every two hours.

The Sister reported "that after the first, but more especially after the second pill, there was complete relaxation of all the affected muscles but in the course of half an hour the rigidity returned."

On the 2nd December the pills were increased to gr. 4 of the Extract and given every two hours. Soon after this there was decided improvement, the muscles relaxed and the spasms returned much less frequently. On the 11th the Extract Physostigmatis was discontinued as there had been no rigidity for 24 hours. There was no return and he was discharged cured on the 19th December.

At no time was there any anesthesia. On the 19th November there is a note that the muscles of the back were so strongly contracted that the back was quite bowed (emprosthotonus) with the concavity backwards.

:

Diagnosis. At first I was considerably puzzled over this case and thought the boy was suffering from tetanus-the favourable issue and the condition of the muscles affected distinguish it from this disease; the bilateral condition and the absence of other symptoms usually met with distinguish it from hysteria.

SEVERE INJURIES TO A CHILD AT WONG-MA-KOK.

A Chinese girl, aged 9 years, was admitted from Wong-ma-kok on the 29th October, 1892, in a state of collapse suffering from the following wounds said to have been inflicted by some wild animal:-

i. A severe lacerated wound of the right forearm extending from the inner part of the arm just above the elbow downwards and outwards. The hand, with the exception of part of the thumb which

347

was simply attached by means of the extensor tenders, was completely gone, the wrist and lower third of the forearm were also missing, the whole limb below the elbow being dreadfully mangled, the skin severely torn and the muscles hanging down in shreds.

ii. The hands, wrist and lower third of the left forearm were completelyb itten off leaving a clean wound with the lower ends of the bones exposed.

joint.

iii. There was a punctured wound of the right knee passing through the patella into the knee

iv. A punctured wound of the left foot on the inner side of the dorsum injuring the bone.

v. A superficial wound of the lower third of the right thigh at the inner side, some two inches long.

vi. There was also a slight wound of the forehead and two of the central incisor teeth of the upper jaw were missing, evidently the result of a fall on the face.

On admission she was in a very critical state suffering from the effects of shock and haemorrhage. Under the influence of chloroform the wounds were dressed, as much of the bones of the forearms were saved as possible, and the child ultimately made a very good recovery.

The wound of the right knee caused the most trouble, suppuration occurring in the joint necessitating incision and free drainage, when she was discharged on the 25th February last there was still some stiffness in the right knee, but this was every day becoming less.

From the appearance of the wounds and the description given by the child and her friends, it appears that on the morning of the 29th October she was attacked by some wild beast whilst tending cattle near Wong-ma-kok, the animal, which she described as being yellow with brown stripes and the size of a small cow, rushed at her, knocked her down and mauled her in the way described,

She then ran back to her friends who conveyed her to the Police Station at Stanley whence she was brought here in an ambulance.

As her mother did not wish to take her back saying that she would not be able to earn her living, Miss JOHNSTONE kindly took charge of her, and she is now an inmate of “Fairlea.”

The Government have sanctioned the necessary expenditure, so that she will be provided with two artificial hands as soon as the condition of the stumps will admit.

DYSENTERY.

Herewith notes of four cases of Acute Dysentery treated with the Saturated Solution of Sulphate of Magnesia :-

I-NABI BUX, Indian Police Constable, cet. 24.

This man was admitted on the 4th of August with a history of two days diarrhoea, the faces containing blood and mucus, during the preceding twelve hours the bowels have been open seven times, this is the first attack of dysentery the patient has had.

He was placed on congee and milk diet and that afternoon the ordinary treatment was prescribed, namely, 30 grains of Pulv Ipecacuanha Ver preceded by a draught containing fifteen minims of Tinctura Opii, his temperature that evening was 100.4°, as the bowels had been open three times, at 11 p.m. the Opium and Ipecacuanha were repeated.

On the 5th instant the patient was decidedly better bowels only acting thrice in the 24 hours; as there was a relapse on the 6th instant in the evening, the Opium and Ipecacuanha were again repeated with temporary improvement, this was maintained until the evening of the 8th instant when the bowels were again frequently moved and the temperature rose to 102.8° F., as there was no improve- ment on the morning of the 9th, the bowels having been moved seven times in the night and the temperature being 101.4° F., the following mixture was prescribed :-

Re Sat. Sol. Magnes. Sulphatis,..........................31.

Acid Sulph dil,

Aq. ad

.mx.

.3i omne horã sumendum.

During that day seven doses of this mixture were given and the bowels were opened nine times.

August 9th 6 a.m. temperature 99° F., bowels were moved thrice during the night.

Four hourly doses of the Magnesia Sulphatis mixture were given, from 12 noon to 3 P.M., during this day the bowels were only opened twice, in the evening the temperature was 99.2° F. and the following mixture was given :-

Re Liq Extract Belœ,...

Mist Creta Aromat, Aqua Cinnamoni ad

this was repeated once during the night.

.3 ss.

3 ss.

i.

August 10th morning temperature 98.6° F., bowels open once during the night the Chalk and Baël mixture was continued every 4 hours, temperature in the evening was normal and bowels had only been open once during the day and were now slightly formed.

From this date the patient continued to improve, on the 14th instant low diet was ordered, and he was placed on full diet on the 15th instant, and discharged cured on the 18th.

348

:

II.-RAM SINGH, Indian Police Constable, at, 28.

This patient was admitted to the Hospital on the 9th August with a history of four days diarrhoea from his description the stools were evidently dysenteric, he stated that he had ten motions during that day. His temperature on admission at 4.30. p.m. was 103.8° F.

;

The Sulphate of Magnesia mixture was ordered and four hourly doses were given between 5 p.m. and 8 p.m. that evening.

10th August the following note occurs :-temperature at 6 a.m. 101° F., bowels have been open thrice during the night, the same mixture was given four times between 12 noon and 3 p.m. that day, at 8 p.m., his temperature was 101.4° and the bowels had been open five times since the morning.

11th August:-8 a.m. temperature 99° F., the faces this morning were still liquid but decidedly bilious and contained no blood; four more doses of the mixture were given this day, and at 4 p.m. this evening, the Chalk and Baël mixture was given and ordered to be continued every four hours, all this time the patient was taking nothing but congee and milk, temperature at 8 p.m. 100° F.

12th August temperature at 8 a.m. 98.6° F., bowels open five times during preceding night, as at mid-day the stools contained blood and mucus and there was considerable tenesmus the Sulphate of Magnesia mixture was ordered and continued in hourly doses until 4 p.m. in the evening, at 8 p.m. the following note occurs:-"bowels open six times since the morning, and on examination the fæces were found to contain mucus and were slightly tinged with blood, less tenesmus, temperature 99.8° F."

The Chalk and Baël mixture was substituted and ordered to be given every four hours. August 13th:-8 a.m. temperature 99.2° F., bowels open thrice during the night, the same treat- ment was continued and during that day the bowels were only open twice, in the evening the temper- ature was 99° F.

August 14th bowels only open twice during preceding night, were slightly formed, temperature at 6 a.m. 98.6° F., on this day he was placed on low diet.

August 15th temperature at 8 a.m. 97.8°, F., bowels open once during the night, from this date he steadily improved, the Chalk and Baël mixture was given thrice daily, on the 17th instant he was placed on full diet and discharged cured on the 18th instant.

III.-W. O.,æt. 29, German. Officer on board Mercantile Steamship.

Admitted to the Hospital on 12th August with history of dysentery of two days standing; he stated that the previous day his bowels had been opened forty times.

He was at once placed on the Sulphate of Magnesia mixture and after that he had four hourly doses between 4.30 p.m. and 7.30 p.m. His temperature at 4.30 p.m. was 101° F. At 9 p.m. the following note occurs :-"bowels open six times since admission, fæces liquid contain mucus but only tinged with blood." The Sulphate of Magnesia mixture was discontinued and the Chalk and Baël mixture ordered to be given every four hours.

August 14th 8.30 a.m. temperature 99.2° F., bowels open four times during the night, fæces bilious. Diet since admission: Milk, Soda Water and Ice. At 8.15 p.m. temperature 98.8° F., bowels only open twice since the morning, same treatment continued.

August 15th temperature at 6.30 a.m. 98.8° F., bowels not open during the night, placed on low diet with cornflour in the evening.

August 16th as the bowels had not been open an ounce of Hunyadi Janos water was given and the medicine ordered to be given thrice daily. Evening (8 p.m.) temperature normal, bowels open From this date improvement was maintained; on the 16th he was placed on fish diet; on the 18th in full diet; and he was discharged cured on the 21st instant.

once.

IV.-T. H., t. 15, English. Schoolboy.

Admitted at 9.45 a.m. on 17th December with a history of dysentery of three days standing, bowels having been open six times during preceding night, temperature 100.4° F.

He was placed on milk and congee, and ordered twenty grains of Pulv Ipecacuanha Ver, preceded by a draught containing ten minims of Tincture of Opium, at noon his temperature was 101° F., and in the evening as the bowels had been moved six times since the morning the Ipecacuanha was ordered to be repeated.

77

December 18th temperature 6.30 a.m. 100° F., and the following note occurs :—“

-"patient was very sick after the powder, and the bowels have been moved nine times during the night.' At noon the Sulphate of Magnesia mixture was ordered and four doses were given between 12 noon and 3 p.m.; at 8.30 p.m. temperature 100.4° F., bowels moved six times since the morning the fæces are now liquid but slightly tinged with blood and contain very little mucus.

December 19th temperature 8 a.m. 98° F., bowels open five times during the night, fœces are now distinctly bilious, still liquid, but contain no mucus or blood, a pill containing one-third of a grain of Opium and three grains of Quinine was ordered to be given thrice daily. At 8 p.m. temperature was normal, bowels open thrice during the day still liquid.

December 20th bowels open thrice to-day, temperature normal.

349

December 21st at the bowels were still liquid, the Mist Crete ĕ Bela was ordered to be given thrice daily.

December 22nd bowels not open during the night, low diet was ordered and, as he felt so much better in the evening he was discharged from the Hospital but kept under observation for a few days, the Chalk and Baël mixture was continued and in two days he was quite well again.

REMARKS.

Undoubtedly in some cases of Acute Dysentery Sulphate of Magnesia given in the way described is decidedly beneficial in the treatment of the disease; it increases the flow of serum from the blood- vessels of the engorged and inflamed intestinal mucus membrane, thus washing away the products of inflammation from the dysenteric ulcers and relieving the fever. As soon as the stools became bilious the Sulphate of Magnesia is discontinued and an astringent mixture prescribed. Undoubtedly Ipeca- cuanha is still our sheet anchor in this disease, but in two of these cases the Sulphate of Magnesia was successful after the Ipecacuanha had seemingly failed. There is another great advantage that the distressing vomiting, which is so often an accompaniment of the administration of Ipecacuanha, is by giving the Sulphate of Magnesia obviated.

J. M. ATKINSON.

Enclosure 2.

Report from the Medical Officer in charge of Gaol Hospital.

GAOL HOSPITAL, HONGKONG, 17th March, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the report together with statistical tables of the work done in this Hospital in 1892.

2. During the past year 312 patients were admitted into the Hospital, 18 of whom were for observation including, under this class, seven men sent by the Magistrates for certificates as to sanity. Of this number, five were found to be of unsound mind.

3. The diseases from which all these patients were suffering are described in Table K.

4. Tables L. and M. show the number and percentage of prisoners that were admitted on the first medical examination and the nature of their complaints.

5. The cases that were treated, without being admitted into Hospital, are recorded in Table N. They amounted to 723, a larger number than in 1891; but all these cases were of a trifling nature, a great percentage consisting of boils, abscesses and contusions.

6. From the time that the late Major-General GORDON caused, on medical recommendation, the rough surfaces of the yards to be smoothed, there has been a remarkable decrease of plantar abscess. Since the beginning of last year, by order of His Excellency the Governor, the well-conducted short- sentenced prisoners are sent daily out to work in the chain-gangs, and, as it was to be expected, there was again an increase of cases of plantar abscess, but not so much, as when the prisoners had to walk on the rough grounds of the Gaol yards.

7. Mr. A. M. THOMSON, while Acting Superintendent of the Gaol, bought, on medical suggestion, a new set of hats with broader brims for chain gang prisoners. It might be that owing to this fact that these prisoners are better protected now from sunheat, there has been very little sickness observed amongst them. There were many cases of remittent fever in this Gaol, but not one chain-gang man had suffered from it. Another advantage which this new hat has, I think, is that it hides better the convicts' faces from gaze of the public.

The prisoners are anxious to be called to serve in the chain-gang, as they then get more food and are employed in less arduous and monotonous work, than that of shot drill and carrying stones around the yard.

8. The rate of sickness and mortality are given in Table O. There were seven deaths amongst the prisoners from the following causes:Jaundice, the result of obstruction in the hepatic ducts. The gall-bladder was full and greatly distended, its walls were thin at the lower end. The liver was enlarged; Hæmorrhage from rupture of spleen which was hypertrophied; Suicide by hanging himself at the door of his cell with one of his garments. This man was on remand. He had been already convicted three times; Perforation of a Duodenal ulcer. Dr. CANTLIE, who made the autopsy in this case, has published an account of it in the Indian Medical Gazette, No. 1, Vol. XXVIII.; Ulcer of stomach and cancer of pancreas; Acute tuberculosis of lungs; Pulmonary congestion in consequence of bronchitis and chronic emphysema.

9. An Indian Gaol guard, shortly after he was relieved from his duty on the 23rd March at 12.30 a.m., shot himself with his revolver through the palate. The bullet was found flattened under the left temporal muscle. It was only three days before that he had left the Government Civil Hospital, where he had been treated for Bronchial Catarrh.

10. .Three male and three female prisoners, all of them Chinese, were released on medical recom- mendation after having served part only of their sentence.

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A Chinese woman, 72 years of age, a beggar, weak and emaciated, was recommended to the Magistrate for the Tung Wah Hospital.

Two lepers were sent to Canton.

11. Fewer patients were admitted into Hospital last year than in the previous one. This does not necessarily imply that the sanitary condition of the Gaol, which has always been good, has improved still more; but is accounted for, I believe, by the healthier constitution of the prisoners generally.

12. Some interesting cases were treated in this Hospital.

A Chinaman, who was on remand pending extradition, tried to escape over the wire netting which is spread above the wall of one of the yards. After reaching the top of the wall, he fell down in Old Bailey Street. He was picked up in a precarious state, the front teeth were fractured, the face was swollen and greatly disfigured. He was delirious, but gradually recovered. Two Chinese both old offenders, who were put to crank labour, attempted to commit suicide by hanging themselves in their cells. I found one of them in an unconscious state with convulsions. After bleeding from the right median basilic, he slowly recovered, but his brain showed signs of the injury received for a long time afterwards. Another old convict, who was sentenced to twelve months' hard labour for returning from deportation, had several deep incised wounds on the neck, his left external ear was divided. He said that he was wounded in Chinese territory five days before he came back to Hongkong. All the divided parts were joined with silver wire sutures, and although some days had elapsed from the time that those wounds were inflicted the operation proved very successful.

13. I have continued to treat, with marked advantage, certain forms of dysentery by means of enema of Ipecacuanha, as I have stated in my report last year.

14. There were, amongst the female prisoners, some cases which required great care in nursing. Mrs. M. NOLAN, the Matron, has proved to be very trustworthy and kind to the patients.

15. Dr. ATKINSON, the Superintendent of the Government Civil Hospital, sent me last November, six tubes containing lymph prepared at the Vaccine Institute of this Colony. A certain number of the prisoners was vaccinated with it by me and Warder FLORES. The result was satisfactory, the percentage of the successful vaccination being high. After a short time, arm-to-arm vaccination was established.

16. The Chinese prisoners, as a rule, are not the best subjects for experiment of this kind; for as I have stated in one of my former reports, that contrary to the old and prevailing notion, I have found that almost all the prisoners have been properly vaccinated in the arms and some inoculated when very young in their homes.

17. The subjoined are the results of the work and enquiry regarding the vaccination of the long- sentenced prisoners:-

Year.

Total number of vaccination and re-vaccination.

Taken.

Failed at first vaccination and re-vaccination.

Total number of those who have been vac- cinated or inoculated outside the Gaol.

1888,

2,051

1,354

697

1,951

1889,

2,060

1,445

615

2,057

1890,

1,736

1,024

712

1,722

1891,

2,836

1,090

1,346

2,521

1892,

2,625

1,985

640

2,618

18. The number of opium smokers that were received into Hospital and the disease which they had, are given in Table P.

19. Table Q. shows the weight of opium smokers for the first four weeks of confinement. It was compiled, as usual, by Warder FLORES and Assistant Warder HAMED, who have been very attentive to their duty, particularly Warder FLORES who is of great assistance to me.

I believe that incarceration in this Gaol for a period of twelve months or more, is the most efficacious way of curing the opium smokers of their habit.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

DR. PH. B. C. AYRES,

Colonial Surgeon,

J'c.,

&c.,

ye.

L. P. MARQUES,

Medical Officer,

351

Enclosure 3.

Report of the Government Analyst.

GOVERNMENT LABORATORY,

HONGKONG, 7th May, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to submit a statement of the work done in the temporary laboratory of this Hospital during the year 1892.

TOXICOLOGICAL.

2. Under this head 4 investigations embracing the analysis of 17 articles were conducted. In one case that of a European male adult, chloral was detected in portions of the viscera forwarded for analysis. In the second case, that of two Chinese adults, an alkaloid was isolated from the contents of the stomachs which did not answer to any chemical tests. Accordingly, solutions for hypodermic injection into small animals were prepared and handed over to the Superintendent of the Civil Hospital for physiological observation. Dr. ATKINSON certified as follows:-

"As the results of experiments made with the liquids handed to me by the Government Analyst, I am of opinion that B. contained a convulsive neurotic poison. A Guinea-pig was injected with twenty minims of this liquid and died in five minutes, death being preceded by strong tetanic convulsions.”

"The same result occurred with a rabbit similarly injected, but in this case death was not induced until twenty minutes after the injection of the poison."

Negative results were obtained with the liquid A.”

(Signed) J. M. ATKINSON, Superintendent Government Civil Hospital.

3. The solution marked A. was prepared from the alkaloid isolated from stomach contents measuring only a few drachms. B. was prepared from similar viscera measuring about two fluid ounces. In both cases with general alkaloidal reagents a marked indication of the presence of an alkaloid was obtained especially in the case of B. The negative physiological results in the case of A. may be attributed to the small amount of material available for analysis. This investigation is of interest in demonstrating the value of "life-tests" in cases where the poison does not respond to any specific chemical test.

4. In the other cases no poison was found.

MILK.

5. Thirty-two analyses of milk were made during the year-24 for the Superintendent of the Civil Hospital, 7 for the Sanitary Board, and 1 for the Deputy Inspector-General, R. N. Hospital.

6. The Civil Hospital specimens were analyzed with a view to controlling the quality of the supplies furnished by the Government Contractor, and the proximate percentage composition of samples from both morning and evening deliveries collected at irregular intervals of about a month will be found in the following tables :-

MILK ANALYSIS.

CIVIL HOSPITAL DELIVERIES.

Morning Samples.

Temperature

Date.

Specific Gravity.

• Fah.

Solids not fat.

Fat.

Total solids.

Ash.

(By hydrometer.)

January

15,.......

1,030

65

9.2

3.1

12.6

.71

February

9,....

1,029

63

8.5

3.8

12.3

.59

March

8,.

1,028

65

8.9

5.2

14.1

.58

April

5,..

1,028

72

8.6

3.9

12.5

.70

May

17,

1,029

72

9.4

3.5

12.9

.72

June

29,.

1,027

83

9.2

3.4

12.6

.70

July

25,..

1,027

83

9.3

3.6

12.9

.60

August 22,...

1,028

81

9.3

4.0

13.3

.63

September 28,

1,026

84

8.7

4.0

12.7

.66

November 8,..

1,028

76

9.2

4.4

13.6

.63

December 10,...............

1,030

31,.

"J

1,030

699

65

9.0

3.6

12.6

.61

69

8.8

3.8

12.6

.64

Average,......

1,029

73

9.0

3.9

12.9

.65

352

MILK ANALYSIS.

CIVIL HOSPITAL DELIVERIES.

Evening Samples.

Specific

Temperature

Solids

Date.

Gravity.

Fat.

Total solids.

Ash.

• Fah.

not fat.

(By hydrometer.)

January 14,..

1,030

70

9.3

4.3

13.6

.68

February

8.........

1,030

63

9.3

3.9

13.2

.65

March

1,031

· 64

9.0

3.9

12.9

.69

April

4,...

1,029

70

9.0

4.1

13.1

.71

May

16,

1,027

76

8.8

4.6

1.3.4

.68

June

28,..

1,026

86

9.1

3.9

13.0

.64

July

25,

1,028

83

9.3

2.9

12.2

.60

August

22,....

1,026

83

8.9

4.6

13.5

.62

October 3

1,028

81

8.9

3.0

11.9

.68

November

7,......

1,030

76

9.3

2.8

12.1

.67

December

9,......

1,029

71

9.0

4.3

13.3

.65

""

30,.

1,029

70

8.9

4.5

13.4

.67

Average,..

1,029

74

9.1

3.9

13.0

.66

7. I have frequently been spoken to by Medical men and Dentists as to the quality of the milk produced in this Colony. The above tables will, I trust, satisfy all those interested as to the nutritive qualities of this valuable and indispensable article of diet. The percentages quoted are the results arrived at by the Somerset House method of analysis. In every case the solids have been "dried to constant weight." I may say in one sentence that better Dairy milk could scarcely be obtained in England: the above averages compare most favourably with the results of the analyses of the best Dairy milks in Great Britain.

8. The Sanitary Board samples were collected by District Inspectors of Nuisances from retail vendors. The following are the results of the analyses :-

MILK ANALYSIS.

Sanitary Board Samples.

No.

Specific Gravity. Temperature

O

Solids not fat.

Fat.

Total solids.

Ash.

(By hydrometer.)

Fah.

1,

1,018

2,

1,033

3,

1,024

4,

1,029

5,

1,025

6,

1,029

≈ 7 8 9 28

66

8.1

12.0

20.1

.65

65

10.3

4.1

14.4

.75

67

7.5

3.3

10.8

.46

69

8.9 *

4.0

12.9

.64

79

8.0

2.9

10.9

.64

79

9.4

4.2

13.6

.77

7,

1,030

84

11.1

4.8

15.9

.81

9. In only one case (No. 3) was I able to certify that the sample contained added water (12 per cent.). No. 5 was certainly a suspicious specimen, but I could not declare against it in view of the percentages of fat and mineral constituents. No. 7 was from the same Dairy as No. 5 and was collected at a subsequent period. The improvement in the quality of the milk after the purchase of a sample by the District Inspector is suggestive to say the least.

}

10. The sample of milk from the Royal Naval Hospital was found to be of normal composition.

BREAD.

11. The 3 samples of bread, forwarded by the Sanitary Board, were of good quality and very even in composition. The inorganic constituents ranged from .46 to .51, and the moisture from 41.2 to 42.6 per cent. None of the samples contained alum.

SAND.

12. Seven specimens of sand were analyzed at the request of the Director of the Public Works Department. The lime salts, chiefly carbonates, present ranged from 1.6 to 53 per cent. The finest

353

specimens contained the largest amount of matter soluble in Hydrochloric Acid. There appears to be no objection to the use of Calcareous sand for the filtration of the public water supplies. From the sand at present used calcium carbonate to the extent of about one grain per gallon is taken into solution in the process of filtration.

WATER.

13. Seventy-seven analyses of water were made for the following

Director, Public Works Department.......... Sanitary Board

The Commodore, H.M.S. Victor Emanuel The Colonel Commanding, Royal Engineers

...48

8

..19

2

77

14. All the samples of water analyzed for the Director of the Public Works Department were derived from the Pokfulam and Taitam services. These analyses-one each month of the water both before and after filtration-were continued in order to obtain exact information as to the efficiency of the filtering operations.

15. In the following table will be found the results of the monthly analysis of the water from both sources as supplied to the City of Victoria and the Hill District.

ANALYSIS OF POKFULAM WATER.

Results expressed in grains per imperial gallon (1 in 70,000).

1892.

* Appearance

in 24-in. tube.

Total solid matter dried at 212° F.

Chlorine.

Hardness.

Saline ammonia.

Albuminoid ammonia.

Oxygen absorbed.

January,

m. yellow

4.2

.6

February,

c.; p. y.

4.2

.6

March,

C.

b. p. y.

4.1

April,

c.; p. y.

3.9

May,..

C.

b. p. y.

3.9

66677

1.9

None

.0021

.005

1.9

.0042

.013

>>

1.9

.0035

.013

""

.7

2.0

.0014

.013

""

2.1

.0014

.018

J

June,

c. b. ; f. y.

4.5

.7

1.9

.0014

.008

27

July,

c. b. f. y.

4.8

.7

2.0

.0042

.016

""

August,

4.5

.7

2.0

.0014

.027

""

""

22

September,

4.2

.7

1.9

.0014

.015

>>

55

October,

c.; p. y.

November, December,

...

f. c. b.

Paci

AA

4.2

.7

1.9

.0014

.015

32

y.

3.4

.7

1.9

.0042

.010

3.9

1.9

.0014

.012

25

""

>>

ANALYSIS OF TAITAM WATER.

Results expressed in grains per imperial gallon (1 in 70,000).

1892.

* Appearance

in 24-in. tube.

Total solid matter dried at 212° F.

Chlorine.

Hardness.

Saline ammonia.

Albuminoid ammonia.

Oxygen absorbed.

January,

clear; p. y.

4.5

.6

February,..

clear; f. y.

4.2

.6

March,

c. b. ; p. y.

4.2

.6

April,

C. i

3.6

May,.

c. :

3.4

""

June,

C.;

4.2

>>

July,...

C. j

4.2

27

August,

c. & b.

; f. y.

3.4

September,

c. & b.

f.

y.

3.9

October,

3.9

>>

"}

November,

3.6

17

""

December,

3.1

aaaaala ira i às is

1.7

None

.0014

None

1.7

.0014

.003

15

1.8

.0014

None

""

.6

1.9

.0021

.011

رو

.7

1.9

.0021

.017

""

.6

1.8

.0028

.008

""

1.7

.0042

.018

59

.6

1.8

.0014

.021

.6

1.7

.0014

.007

"J

.6

1.7

.0014

.009

"}

.6

1.9

None

.009

33

.6

1.9

.008

""

31

""

19

* Abbreviations :-c.-clear; b.-bright; y.-yellow; p.-pale; f.-faint; d.-deposit; t.-turbid; fi-flocculent; s.-slight; m.-milky.

16. The above results are eminently satisfactory. The Colony is certainly to be congratulated on the excellent quality of the public water supplies.

17. On the recommendation of the Sanitary Board analyses were made of water drawn at monthly intervals in the Hill District (Mount Gough Police Station). The water in this district is pumped from the Station in Bonham Road to a tank near the Victoria Peak Signal Station and distributed therefrom to houses in that vicinity and to houses in the Mount Gough, Mount Kellett, and Magazine Gap districts. The wrought-iron pipes used for this service appear to have been coated internally

354

with a tarry composition which imparted a slight yellow colour to the water for some months. There is no reason to suppose that the value of the water from a dietetic point of view was in any way affected by this colouration. A slight increase in the amount of oxygen absorbed was the only noticeable analytical feature. All inconvenience, however, in this respect has now disappeared, the sample analyzed in December was not found to differ from a specimen of Pokfulam water collected in the City. The other samples of water analyzed for the Board were from the new public Laundries. Complaints had been made by the washermen that the water was unsuitable for Laundry purposes. The analyses did not, however, support their views. The water was found to differ in no important particular from water collected from streams on the hill slopes of the Island.

18. Nineteen samples of water were analyzed for the Royal Naval Authorities during the year. This service was instituted in 1891 at the request of Commodore E. CHURCH. The results of the analyses of samples taken from the Contractor's tank alongside H.M.S. Victor Emanuel are set forth in the following table and may be taken as indicating the quality of the water supplied to the British Royal Navy.

WATER ANALYSIS.

H.M. S. "Victor Emanuel.”

1892.

*

Appearance. Total solids. Chlorine.

Saline ammonia.

Albuminoid ammonia.

Oxygen absorbed.

Nitrites.

January

""

February 11,

"}

March

April

May

">

June July

**

August 22,...

7,..

f. y. d. op.

3.4

1.0

None

.0028

.001

None

2891

.8

.0028

.027

""

""

"9

"

p. y. d. t.

3.9

.9

.0021

.0112

.020

""

A

+

27.

.9

None

.0056

.016

""

""

>>

16.....

clear; p. y.

3.6

.8

.0014

.0021

.010

8.......

p.y. d. t.

3.6

.9

None

.0042

.020

26,

4.4

.9

.0014

.0035

.023

29

??

13,...

y. d.

t.

3.9

.9

None

.0042

.025

"

30,......

p. y. fl. dep.

3.9

.9

.0049

.0042

.031

>>

18,..

p. y.

.7

.0014

.0056

.060

>>

دو

8.......

p.y.

3.6

.8

.0014

.0042

.026

"

"

30,....

P.y. clear

.9

.0014

.0028

.010

p. y. fl. dep.

1.1

None

.0028

.033

September 12,. October

f. y.; el.

4.5

1.7

.0007

.0028

.027

"

3,.

P. y. s. d.

.8

.0028

.0042

.026

"

24,.

""

November

f. y. cl.

3.9

1.1

.0035

.0021

.018

""

8,......

turbid

.9

.0014

.0084

.035

December 5,..... p. y. ; s. t.

"

در

.9

.0014

.0028

.015

* Abbreviations :-c.-clear; b.-bright; y.-yellow; p.-pale; f.-faint; d.-deposit; t.-turbid; fl.-flocculent; s.-slight; m.-milky.

19. It will be seen that the water has been fairly constant in composition throughout the year. The water is of good quality but the appearance might be improved by careful filtration through sand.

20. The specimens of water analyzed for the Colonel Commanding, the Royal Engineers, were from wells in the Kowloon peninsula from which supplies had been obtained for the use of the Hongkong Regiment. One of the waters was unmistakably polluted. It is to be hoped that the time is not far distant when residents in the Kowloon peninsula will not have to rely on shallow wells for a supply of water for dietetic purposes.

MISCELLANEOUS.

21. Fourteen gravimetric determinations of sugar in the urine of patients suffering from diabetes were made during the year at the request of the Superintendent of the Civil Hospital.

22. A specimen of alleged medicated wine, which was having a large sale among the Chinese as an invigorating tonic, was examined at the request of the Police Magistrate with a view to ascertaining whether or not it came within the scope of the Spirits Ordinance, No. 21 of 1886.

As this was mainly a legal question I could not assist the Court further than submitting an analytical statement. The following are the results of the analysis expressed in percentages by weight :-Alcohol 19.5 ; Extract 10.26; Mineral matter .16; Saccharoid matter 8.95; (Sucrose 5.22, glucose 3.73).

23. There was a case similar to this in 1889. In both instances the charge of selling an intoxicating liquor without a licence was not sustained.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

THE COLONIAL SURGEON,

&c.,

&C..

&c.

W. EDWARD Crow, Government Analyst.

521

No. 30

98

HONGKONG.

REPORTS ON MORPHINE INJECTION.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 12th September, 1893.

Colonial Surgeon to Colonial Secretary.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 14th July, 1893.

Enclosure No. 1.

Enclosure No. 2.

SIR,

In accordance with instructions contained in your minute of the 26th ultimo, I requested Dr. ATKINSON to give me a report of a case of Morphia injection by Chinese that came under his notice in the Government Civil Hospital and also requested Mr. CROW, Government Analyst, to ascertain, if possible, the preparation of Morphia used and the strength of the solutions from the samples forwarded, and also to procure samples direct for himself, if possible, and get all the information he could generally as to the practice of Morphia injection among the Chinese. These reports I now forward. Mr. CROW's report is a very complete one and leaves no doubt upon the subject.

The dose used as it appears quite commonly of gr. of Morphia in solution is a very full one and very rarely used by a medical practitioner; to allay even very acute pain ato of a grain are the doses most commonly used. It will be seen by this that the dose used among the Chinese is a very full one.

This supposed cure for Opium smoking is the introduction of an undoubtedly pernicious habit for one that, as I have proved, is a very doubtful one and easily cured with no evil effects to the patient by complete deprivation at once. To deprive these men of the habit at once of using Morphia injections will cause much suffering, not only nervous exhaustion for want of the stimulant, but in the majority of cases it will result in an attack of profuse diarrhoea very difficult to control and will result in a sort of Cholera scare.

Morphia injection is used ostensibly for the cure of Opium smoking, but from the evidence given there is no attempt whatever to decrease the strength of the injections; but on the contrary the number of doses taken appears to increase and the evidence points to the introduction of a habit well known to be an undoubtedly pernicious habit for one that is to say the most of it a very doubtfully pernicious

one.

The profit side of the question is the only one likely to be looked upon by those who conduct the cure. It is shown to be from 200 to 400 per cent., and as long as they make such a profit there is little chance of their patients being cured.

I am of opinion that it is of little use striking at the sale of the drug or the instruments used as there are European Agencies for these in all the principal Chinese towns. The only way will be to strike at the shops in which it is practised, the same as gambling houses, and the punishments should be severe and refer only to the keepers.

At the same time provisions will have to be made to meet the evils which will arise from this stoppage amongst those that have contracted the habit which might be done by a notification by the Registrar General that medicines can be obtained from the European hospitals and dispensaries and also from Police Stations the same as has been done in regard to Cholera Cases.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

PH. B. C. AYRES,

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

Colonial Surgeon.

522

No. 12.

Enclosure No. 1.

Government Analyst to Colonial Surgeon.

GOVERNMENT LABORATORY,

HONGKONG, 1st July, 1893.

SIR,

My attention was first called to the practice of Morphine injecting among the Chinese about a month ago by Dr. ATKINSON, when handing me a bottle of liquid alleged to have been prepared for subcutaneous injection which on analysis proved to be a solution of Hydrochlorate of Morphine.

2. At my request our Compradore, Mr. Hoo A CHOO, brought me, about a month ago, a victim of this pernicious habit who volunteered the following state-

2

ment :-

"My name is CHU A YEE. I am a barber, and am 28 years of age. The marks on my arms and thighs are caused by a needle used for insert- ing medicine. I took the medicine for the first time in this way in October last. At first I had two injections daily, one in the morn- ing and one in the evening. Afterwards, when I had diarrhoea and pains in the stomach, I had one or two injections more.

After using the injections for three months, my arm used to be very stiff at night. I am now having four or five injections daily. Have had two this morning (12 noon). At first I paid two cents for each injection. I now only pay one cent. I had the injections in the first place because I was told by many people that they would cure me of the opium habit. Have not smoked any opium since October 1892. Up to that date I had been an opium smoker for more than a year. I felt better when I smoked opium than I do now. I used to get medicine injected at the Chun Tak-tong, drug shop, Wyndham Street. They were made this morning by CHAN MUI YUK, Queen's Road Central."

3. I may mention that the man on that date weighed 112 lbs. somewhat dazed.

He appeared

4. Thinking it would be useful to have some information as to the strength of the Morphine solution I requested Mr. Hoo A CHOO to obtain a supply. He forwarded it to me on Sunday last. I then requested him to send the actual purchaser to my Office. The man came on the 29th ultimo. He was the barber referred to in paragraph 2. His appearance had certainly not improved.

Weight 107 lbs. a loss of 5 lbs. within a month. He said that he had had three injections that day.

5. He made the following statement :-

66

'On the 25th June, Mr. Hoo A CHоо gave me $1.30 to buy some medicine. I went to Tsing Lok Hin, 87, Queen's Road West, and saw the man who had given me injections on a former occasion. I asked him to let me have some of the medicine he uses. He filled the bottle (one fluid ounce) I had with me and charged 20 cents for it. I handed the bottle to MAK KAU."

6. MAK KAU informed me that he handed this bottle to Mr. Hoo A CноO personally.

7. Submitted to analysis this solution yielded 2% of Morphine-2.5 % of the Hydrochlorate or Muriate, the commonest commercial salt of this alkaloid.

8. The solid preparation handed to me by Dr. ATKINSON a few days ago proved to be Hydrochlorate of Morphine.

9. It appeared to me desirable to have ocular proof of this practice. Accord- ingly accompanied by Mr. CHAU KAM-TSÜN, one of my assistants, I went to No. 87, Queen's Road West, yesterday morning. I directed him to go upstairs and ask the man in charge if he would allow me to visit his establishment. No objection being offered, I entered and observed three men asleep on mats, and about 12 or 15 standing in the verandah. Some of the men, I was informed, had just had injections; the others were waiting their turn. There were numerous puncture scars on their arms. I saw two operations performed. In one case about 15 minims, and in the other case about 20 minims were injected. The operator informed me that there was a limit as to the number of minims he injected and that the quantity used depended on the amount of opium his patients had been in the habit of smoking. The Syringe used was a good instrument of American manufacture. The operation was performed in the usual way and after each injection the needle was wiped with a dirty rag. The operator said, he prepared the solution himself from a powder purchased at a European Pharmacy and showed me an empty bottle labelled "Muriate of Morphine, Poison."

10. I may here mention that this injecting business is a profitable undertaking. I understand the Chinese can buy Hydrochlorate of Morphine locally at $2.50 per ounce (437.5 grains). From this quantity 875 injections each containing half a grain of Morphine Hydrochlorate could be prepared. This would leave a profit of $6.25 on each ounce of Morphine at a charge of 1 cent for each injection. Îf 3rd of a grain were used at each injection the profit would be about $10.00.

11. There can be no two opinions as to the baneful nature of this practice, and no effort should be spared to stop it forthwith.

12. The Ordinance should be made as sweeping as possible. A saving clause in favour of practitioners registered under Ordinance No. 6 of 1884 would, I presume, be necessary. Native practitioners holding diplomas granted by the College of Medicine for Chinese should not be exempted from the operation of the Bill. Having regard to the profitable character of the business, as set forth in paragraph 10, the temptation to take up the practice of injecting Morphine would be great indeed.

13. At the same time something should, I think, be done to relieve the sufferings of those now having injections if the practice is made illegal. These men will be in a terrible state when the injections are discontinued.

14. Would it not be possible to supply from this Department some powerful stimulant and tonic such as Cinchona and Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia to all victims of the injection habit on application?

""

15. These wretched creatures will not be able to satisfy the inevitable craving by a return to opium smoking. I said to the man CHU A YEE on the 29th ultimo

"Why don't you stop it? You will die if you go on at this rate.

He replied "How can I? I am a poor man and can't afford to buy opium for smoking. If I smoke opium again it will cost me twice as much as it did before."

91

16. Poverty on the one hand and the exorbitant charge made by the Opium Farmer for the smoking extract on the other are in my opinion the chief causes of the introduction of this practice.

:

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The COLONIAL SURGEON,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

W. EDWARD CROW, Government Analyst.

524

SIR,

Enclosure No. 2.

Superintendent Government Civil Hospital to Colonial Surgeon.

GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL, HONGKONG, 3rd July, 1893.

I have the honour to report that on the 31st May last, I interviewed a Street Coolie who was sent to me by Mr. MCCALLUM. His statement was as follows:

"My name is Fú A-KWAN. I am 43 years old and live at No. 7, Tai Loi Lane, First Street. I am a Street Coolie. For the past twenty years I have been in the habit of smoking opium, the daily amount being three

mace.

"A little over two months ago I was told that I could be cured of this habit by having some medicine inserted into my arm.

"Twice daily I have had this done at the Hung Cheung Shop (crockery ware shop) Morrison Street, for which I have paid one cent each injection. It is much cheaper than smoking opium and I get the same satisfaction out of it.

"I know of ten Chinese Doctors who each treats 50 to 100 men daily with this medicine.'

""

The man had a number of marks on both arms evidently produced by punc- tured wounds.

His weight was 120 lbs.

I received from the Honourable Colonial Treasurer about this date a liquid in a small bottle which he informed me was the medicine used by these Chinese Doctors for this purpose.

I handed it over to the Government Analyst to analyse. About the 20th ultimo I received a solid preparation from the same gentleman which I also handed over to Mr. CROW for purposes of analysis.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

J. M. ATKINSON,

گھر

Superintendent.

DR. PH. B. C. AYRES, C.M.G.,

Colonial Surgeon,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

525

No. 93

31

HONGKONG.

REPORTS ON MORPHINE INJECTION.

(In continuation of No. 30 of 1893.)

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 12th September, 1893.

(Opium Farmers to Colonial Treasurer.)

HONGKONG, 24th May, 1893.

SIR,

The Prepared Opium Ordinance of 1891, section 10, provides for the preparation and sale of prepared opium, and the word "preparation" by the interpretation clause in the Ordinance is stated thus: "the subjecting of opium of any kind to any degree of artificial heat, for any purpose whatever shall be taken to be the preparing of such opium."

In the latter part of section 10 it is provided "that no medical practitioner, chemist or druggist, not being a Chinese, or being such and having a European or American diploma, shall be prevented from preparing or selling opium bond fide for medical purposes."

Within the last few months a number of establishments have been opened in Hongkong, to which those who have acquired the habit of opium-smoking have been induced to resort for the purpose of having a preparation of opium adminis- tered by means of subcutaneous injections. As the charge made for each injection is very small, large numbers of Chinese have been induced to frequent these houses, and, we believe, that a considerable diminution in the receipts of the Farm arising from the sale of prepared opium for local consumption has been owing to this cause. Under these circumstances we would ask you to be good enough to suggest to the Government either some modification of the law with reference to the sale of preparations of opium, or else that a law might be passed making the subcutaneous injection of drugs, except under certain restrictions and by a duly qualified medical man, a punishable offence.

We are informed that a large number of persons have been seriously injured in their health by having recourse to the places above mentioned, and as the practice is at the same time likely to affect permanently the revenue of the Colony as well as the present Opium Farmers, we feel justified in urging you to bring the matter to the serious attention of the Colonial Government.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servants,

HAU FOOK COMPANY, Opium Farmers.

The Honourable N. G. MITCHELL-İNNES,

Colonial Treasurer,

&c.,

&c.,

St.

526

(Minute by Assistant Registrar General.)

HONOURABLE REGISTRAR GENERAL,

Apparently the practice of injecting Morphia has arisen only within the last few months.

Injections can be obtained at the following places

312, Queen's Road West.-A branch open about a month. 50 or 60

people go there a day.

1, New Street.-Opened a fortnight. Plenty of patronage.

1st floor, 2, East Street.-Opened 2 weeks. 60 or 70 a day. Fee at

above places, 1 cent an injection.

Fee, 2 cents.

2nd floor, 18, Taipingshan Street.--Opened 3 weeks. 2nd floor, 10, Kwaiwa Lane.-Opened in November. Number increased

from 10 to 40 a day. Fee reduced from 2 to 1 cent.

367, Queen's Road Central.-Opened in March. Number of patients

increased from 20 to 60.

98, Bonham Strand.-Opened 1 months. 40 or 50 a day.

41, Stanley Street.-Branch of Kwaiwa Lane establishment. About 60. 179, Queen's Road East.-Opened 2 months.

104, Bonham Strand.

85, Bonham Strand.

65, Third Street.

91, Queen's Road West.

50, Praya West.

* Attached is a notice by a hospital, in Canton, recommending the adoption of the injection of Morphia.

The numbers given above cannot be relied on.

The ostensible reason for taking Morphine is to get rid of the craving for opium; but even if a man doesn't want to do so he naturally prefers spending 3 or 4 cents on Morphia to 15 or 20 on opium.

The coolie class patronise these places. I should say that we won't be able to judge of the extent of this practice for another month or so. The writers put the number of people at between 1 and 2,000, who were no doubt all habitual opium smokers.

5th June, 1893.

* Not printed.

A. W. BREWIN.

(Report by the Police.)

CENTRAL POLICE STATION, 19th June, 1893.

CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT,

In accordance with instructions received from you and Mr. BUCKLE we have made inquiries regarding the use of Morphia injections.

The injections of Morphia are made with the object of curing persons of their opium-smoking habits and the method is said to have been instituted by one of Dr. KERR's students in Canton. It was commenced in Hongkong on a small scale last year, but it is only within the last two or three months that it has attained to its present extensive use. There are in the Colony, including Aberdeen,

527

Shaukiwan and Yaumati, about eighteen places in which about one thousand persons receive injections twice a day. There are a few, who no longer use it, who claim to have been completely cured of their opium-smoking habits by it; but others have tried it and afterwards gone back to opium-smoking.

A coolie who would smoke 5 or 6 cents' worth of opium a day only pays 1 cent for each injection, so that he saves 3 or 4 cents a day and obtains an equal effect, while at the same time he is getting cured of the opium smoking.

The Morphia used is purchased at the dispensaries as a powder at $40 a fb., by one or two men, who dissolve it in water and sell the solution to the injectors. These inject the liquid under the skin, at the muscles of the arms, with small hypodermic syringes, which are also purchased at the dispensaries. The operator begins on a patient with a big dose, which he decreases daily, or once in two days, for about a month, when the cure should be effected.

Few of those making the injections are even Chinese medical practitioners and none of them have had training under foreigners. The unrestricted use of such a drug by reckless and unqualified practitioners must be a great danger to the community and, like the unrestricted sale, seems to call for the imposition of some restriction as a safeguard. Whether Morphia in the shape of a powder comes under the Ordinance as a preparation of opium may be a question for the law officers to decide, or if the Opium Farmer wishes, he could take up a case as a

test case.

W. STANTON,

W. QUINCEY,

Inspectors.

(Minute by the Captain Superintendent of Police.)

Honourable COLONIAL TREASURER,

Report in accordance with your request.

19.6.

F. H. M.

?

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE OBSERVATORY FOR 1892.

'389 No. 27

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 29th August, 1893.

HONGKONG OBSERVATORY, 29th March, 1893.

93

SIR,---I have the honour to submit my annual report for 1892 to His Excellency the Governor. My eighth volume of observations and researches was published last summer and the ninth volume is in the printers' hands. It contains, in addition to this report, investigations of the typhoons of 1892, the meteorological observations made every hour in 1892, and also hourly readings of tides in 1889, observations on the duration of sunshine in Formosa and on rain-fall in China during the years 1890, 1891 and 1892.

2. The branch Observatory at the Peak, suggested by General PALMER, R.E., in 1881, declared necessary for storm-warnings by the Observatory Commission in 1890, and upon which improvements in local storm-warnings mainly depend, has not yet been constructed, but a self-recording anemograph has been ordered from London. When this is properly worked at the Peak and the readings correctly and immediately telegraphed every hour to the Observatory across the harbour, it is estimated that its value will amount to about half the value of the branch Observatory, the construction of which has been so long delayed. Observations are now also made every three hours at the Gap Rock lighthouse and cabled (during the day-time only) to the Observatory. If these observations are made and transmitted properly, they will be of considerable assistance to weather-forecasts and storm-warnings. The observations at Victoria Peak were found not to be made in a sufficiently honest or careful manner and His Excellency ordered them to be discontinued last year and the instruments to be removed. Pending the arrival of the anemograph, the direction and force of the wind is estimated every hour from 7 a. to 7 p. and telegraphed to the Observatory, but the information is not always trustworthy and at times misleading.

3. The China Coast Meteorological Register, based on information received from the Eastern Extension, and Great Northern Telegraph Companies, and Chinese Telegraph Administration, was issued as usual, and since the 1st July a short provisional account of the typhoons has been printed at the end of every month in the Gazette by order of His Excellency the Governor. The positions of the typhoon-centres are given for every day on which warnings were issued and the accuracy of the latter may be inferred from the former. The stations at Swatow, Amoy, Foochow and Anping were visited last year by Mr. F. G. FIGG, and the stations at Macao, Hoihow and Haiphong by myself. Some very necessary improvements were effected, and the stations at Bolinao, Pakhoi and Cape St. James should be visited next. Telegrams from one or two ports between the latter station and Haiphong are urgently required.

4. The telegrams are frequently received too late for insertion in the daily weather-reports. That this requirement is fully recognised everywhere else in the Empire and properly provided for may be seen e.g. from the following extract from the Report on the Administration of the Meteorological Department of the Government of India in 1887-88 (Page 16, §7): "In order to facilitate and expedite the working of these arrangements, the Telegraph Department has granted the privilege of precedence urgency to telegrams referring to stormy weather and the hoisting of storm-signals between the Meteorological Reporter of Calcutta and the Port Officers and Meteorological Superintendents of Cocanada, Gopalpur, Madras, Masulipatam, Negapatam and Vizagapatam. The names of other officers will be added to this list as found necessary for the proper working of the system. Instructions for the preparation and dispatch of the telegrains in proper form, in order to secure priority of transmission to ordinary urgent messages, will be sent by the India Meteorological Office to the various officers permitted to send them."

5. Telegraphic connection with Victoria was interrupted on the 8th January, 1892, from 6 p. to 10 p., on the 20th April, from 7 a. to 10.40 a., on the 27th August, from 3.45 p. to 4.32 p., and on the 3rd November from 10 a. to 4.23 p. Interruptions occurred therefore on 4 days and, of course, also during thunderstorms. Telephonic connection between the look-out on the Peak and the Central Police Station in Victoria (for transmitting observations every hour to the Observatory) was interrupte l from the 16th June at 7 a. to the 23rd June at 2 p., and also from 10 a. to 4 p., on the 4th August, i e. on 9 days as well as during thunderstorms.

6. Telegrams giving information about typhoons were issued on 61 days. The Red Drum was hoisted 4 times, Red Ball 1, Red North Cone 1, Red South Coue 2, Black Drum 3, Black Ball 1, Black North Cone 2, Black South Cone 3, Lanterns (horizontally) 3, and Lanterns (vertically) 1 times. The Gun was not fired in 1892.

390

2

7. During 1892, in addition to meteorological registers kept regularly at about 40 stations on shore, 558 ship-logs with entries during typhoons were copied. 157 were forwarded by the Captains or Owners, and 401 were copied on board ship in the harbour. The ship-logs received in 1892 were thus distributed: for 1888, i log; for 1889, 8 logs; for 1890, 10 logs; for 1891, 52 logs; for 1892, 487 logs. But the information concerning typhoons during these years was not yet complete on the 1st January, 1893. The following number was still required: for 1888, 12 logs; for 1889, 14 logs ; for 1890, 13 logs; for 1891, 17 logs; for 1892, 41 logs. The total number of ships, whose log-books have been made use of, was 270. The total number of days' observations was 5278. This number might with advantage be increased. The difficulty is that we are all so closely engaged in the Observatory, that no more than one of us at a time can be spared for visiting ships in the harbour, and he can devote only half his hours of duty to work afloat. Every vessel entering the harbour ought to be boarded, and every log-book found to be properly kept ought to be copied. That would be useful for storm-warnings.

a

8. The following is a list of ships from which logs have been obtained in 1892; those to which * is prefixed having been communicated directly by their respective Captains, and the remainder have been copied on board the several vessels. The majority are steam-ships and the others are distinguished as follows:-b, barque; s, ship; sch., schooner.

Albania (b), Achilles, *Activ, Aden, Aglaia, *U.S.S. Alert, Altair (b), *Alwine, Airlie, Amicitia, Ancona, Angers, Argyll, Aron (b), Arratoon Apcar, Asagao, Ashington, Avochie, Bantam, Batavia,* Bayern, Belgic, Belle of Bath (s), Bellona, Benalder, Bengloe, Benlarig, Bittern (b), *Bombay, Bormida, Borneo, Breconshire, Bylgia (b), Carmarthen- shire, *Calédonien, Cambusdoon (b), Camelot, Canton, Cardiganshire, Carl Friedrich (s), Cathay, Catherine Apcar, Catterthun, Changsha, Charger (s), Charmer (s), Charon Wattana (b), Charters Tower, Cheang Chew, Cheang Hock Kian, Cheang Hye Teng, Chelydra, *Chelydra, China,* Chingtu,* Chiyuen, Chowfa,* Choysang, Chusan, Cicero, City of Pekin, City of Rio de Janeiro, Colonist, Constance (s), Continental, Cosmopolit, Crown of Arragon, Cyclops, Dardanus, Decima, Denbighshire, Deuteros, Devawongse, Diamond, *Djemnah, Donar, Don Juan, Doris, Dorothea (b), Electra, Else, Empress of China, *Empress of India, Empress of Japan, Enos Soule (b), *Esang, Esmeralda, Ethiope,* K. K. F. Fasana,* H.M.S. Firebrand, Florence Treat (b), *Fokien, Fooksang, Formosa, Frejr, Frigga, Fuping, Fushun, Gaelic, Ganges,* General Werder, Ghazee, Glamorganshire, Glenartney, Glenavon, Gleneagles, Glenearn, Glenfruin, Glengarry, Glengyle, Glenogle, Glenorchy, Glenshiel, Guthrie,* Gwalior, *Hailoong, Haiphong, Haitan, Harward (b), Heinrich (b), Hesperia, Higo Maru, Hiroshima Maru,* H. J. M. S. Hiyei,* Holstein, Hongay, Hupeh, Inconstant, Independent, Ingraban, J. D. Bischoff (s), Jenny (sch.), Jessonda (b), J. Y. Robbins (s), Kaisow, Keemun, Kiel, Kitty (b), *Kong Beng, Kowshing, Kriemhild, *Kutsang, Kwanglee, Kweilin, Kwongsang, *U.S. F. Lancaster, Lavinia (b), *Lennox, Levuka (b), Lightning, Loksang, Loosok, Lunedale, Lyee- moon, Macduff, Malacca, Marabout (s), Mathilde, *Meefoo, *Melbourne, Melpomene, *Memnon, *Menmuir, Michael Jebsen, Mongkut, Moyune, Namoa, *Namyong, Nanchang, Nanshan, Nanyang, *Natal, *Neckar, Nicoya (b), *Ningpo, Nizam, N. S. de Loreto, *Nürnberg, Oceana, Oceanic, Omega (b), Orestes, *Orion, *Uxus, *Pakshan, Palinurus, *H.M.S. Pallas, Paoting, Pathan, Pekin, Pembrokeshire, Penshaw (b), *Petersbourg, Phra Chom Klao, Phra Chula Chom Klao, Phra Nang, Picciola, H.M.S. Plover, Polyhymnia, *H.M.S. Porpoise, Port Philip, Presto, Propontis, Protos, Radnorshire, Ravenna, Richard Parsons (b), Rio, Rohilla, Rosetta, Sachem (s), Sachsen, Salatiga, Salazie, Santa Clara (s), *Santa Cruz (sch.), *Sea Swallow (sch.), *H.M.S. Severn, Shanghai, Sikh, Singan, Soochow, St. Andrews, Sterling (s), Strathesk, Strathleven, Sungkiang, Surat, Swatow, Sverre, Sydney, Taicheong, *Taichiow, Taisang, Taiyick, Taiyuan, Taksang, Tarapaca (b), Telamon, Teresa, Tetartos, Teucer, *Thales, Thermopyle (b) *Thibet, *Thisbe, Toonan, Torrington, Tsinan, Triumph, Vagabond (b), Velocity (b), *Venetia, *Verona, *Vorwaerts, Warrior (s), Wingsang, Wm. J. Rotch (b), Wm. Le Lacheur (b), *Woosung, Wosang, Xenia (b), Yangtse, Yarra, Yik- sang, Yuensang, Yungching, Yungping, *Zafiro.

9. All the observations made at noon each day during the typhoon seasons of the

past five years have been reduced and tabulated and have served for the construction of weather-maps on the basis of which the typhoons that occurred during the past five years will be investigated.

10. With the view of enabling masters of vessels to know before-hand the weather that may be expected on voyages and to select the most favourable routes during the different months of the year, all the observations hitherto collected are being distributed according to degrees of latitude and longitude, the twelve months being treated separately. Means will be taken as soon as sufficient data are entered and they will serve for the construction of maps showing the most probable values of the meteoro- logical elements in each square degree between Singapore and 180° E. Gr., and between 0° and 45° latitude. Owners, agents and captains having access to old log-books have been invited to forward

J

3

391

them to me in order that the observations may be utilised, after which the log-books will be returned. The routes followed by those lines of steamers that supply most information will, of course, be supplied with the most trustworthy information concerning the weather.

11. Unfortunately there is no prospect of additional clerical help for a purpose so useful to the shipping as this undoubtedly is. The immense bulk of records from stations on shore is not utilised for anything beyond investigations of typhoons.

12. Copies of the China Coast Meteorological Register with weather-forecasts for the following 24 hours are sent daily to the newspapers in time for insertion in the extra-number issued by each of them about noon. None of the papers prints it regularly before evening or even next morning, whereby of course their subscribers lose any benefit they might derive from the weather-forecasts. Moreover they all print the register very incorrectly. They issue news about typhoons which are derived from various sources and which are as a rule incorrect. Such items are mixed up with information supplied from the Observatory and tend to mislead the public. Although the meteorological signals and storm- warnings are issued in the interest of the shipping, and intelligent seamen are not so easily deceived as the public at large, it would still be a great improvement to have the China Coast Meteorological Register printed daily without delay and in a correct form. The subscriptions are sure to cover the expense. The cost of printing a daily weather-report is provided for by the Government in connection with every other Meteorological Office in the Empire. The information issued in 1892, concerning typhoons, is printed below (Appendix 4.). The amount of accuracy obtained may be ascertained by comparison with the report on typhoons in 1892 (Appendix B.).

13. As stated in the "Instructions for making Meteorological Observations, etc.," (KELLY AND WALSH, 1892), meteorological instruments forwarded by observers, who regularly send their registers to the Observatory, are verified here free of cost. During the past year, 11 barometers, 2 aneroids, and 66 thermometers were verified. A couple of hundred aneroids or marine barometers on board ship were also compared with the Observatory standard.

14. The following table shows the spectroscopic rain-band observed daily at 10 a. value for the year was 2.33.

The mean

Table I.

Rainband in 1892.

Date.

Jan.

Feb. Mar.

Apr.

May. June. July.

Aug. Sep. Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

4

2

4

2

3

3

3

4

2

3

3

3

3

3

2

4

3

4

3

3

3

3

3

COH 6s en co on CO Q1 T H co co co co H en co co Ti on an co co co co co co co co co

3

4

3

2

2

3

2

2

2

3

2

3

2

3

2

3

2

3

2

3

1

3

1

3

2

3

2

3.

3

3

3

3

2

1

44 HOD

4

3

4

2

~~~~~~∞ co co co on en el en co or on 30 M 2 NNNN~-

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

2

3

OOOOONNWO ∞ bet pand broad

1

1

2

3

:.

0

1

1

1

1

:

2

1

1,

2,

3,

4,

5,

1

2

1

3

6,

2

7,

8,

9,

...

4

1

3

10,

11,

12,

13,

14,

15,

16,

17.

18,

19,

20,

1

21,

2

22,

1

23,

24,

1

1

2

.1

2

2

2

3

2

3

3

3

25,

3

26,

27,

3

2

3

28,

29, 30,

31,

Means,..

2

2

::

∞ ∞ ∞ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN∞ ON CO O C ∞ ∞ ∞

HHQ- ∞ Q ∞ ∞ ∞ H~~--~~~ CO ∞ NI CO CO CO 2 ~~~

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

2

3

2

3

3

2

2

3

CONTAI∞∞∞ ∞ co o co ~~~N~ ~ ~ ~ CO 10 60 60 N N N Y N ∞

3

3

2

4

3

2

2

3

3

5

2

2

2

3

4

Coco A co co co co 19 CS 10 09 01 CO IP ON 00 ∞ ∞ ∞ N N NNW CO 1A 1 C9 os ca.

3

3

3

2

1.71

2.07 2.16

2.37

2.94 2.97 3.16 3.26 2.69 1.87 2.07 0.81

392

4

15. The tide-tables for 1893 are based upon the analysis of the hourly readings of tides in 1887 and 1888. The hourly readings for 1889 are now published. The harmonic analysis will be done in England under the supervision of Professor G. H. DARWIN. The readings for Mean Sea Level in 1889 were as follows:-January 6.00, February 5.81, March 5.55, April 5.68, May 5.72, June 5.56, July 5.37, August 5.52, September 6.05, October 6.29, November 6.79, December 6.20. Year 5.88. Average of three years 5.86.

The highest readings in 1889 were as follows:-January 10.05, February 10.65, March 9.20, April 9.35, May 9.55, June 10.15, July 10.00, August 9.55, September 9.80, October 10.65, November 10.60, December 10.50.

The lowest readings in 1889 were as follows:-January 1.35, February 2.10, March 2.25, April 1.75, May 1.55, June 1.60, July 1.25, August 1.40, September 1.90, October 2.30, November 1.85, December 1.25.

The highest reading during the three years was 10.65 and the lowest 1.10.

16. The number of transits observed in 1892 was 389, and the inclination of the axis was deter- mined 141 times. The rates of the standard clocks are exhibited in the following tables. They are compared with the rates calculated from the formulæ exhibited at the head of the tables. Both clock- rates show the existence of waves. In case of Dent's clock the periods and amplitudes are larger, which make the errors appear to be twice as large as in case of Brock's clock, where the periods are shorter. The probable deviation of each ten-day rate from the preceding rate is 0.08 in case of Dent's clock, and 0.07 in case of Brock's. When it is taken into account that the former was cleaned and re-started later than the latter, it appears that one goes just as well as the other and equal weight is therefore given to them every morning when they are compared with the time-ball clock for setting the latter to correct time. Sir HOWARD GRUBB's chronograph is working extremely well.

Period.

Table II.

Rate of Dent Standard Sidereal Time Clock in 1892.

7.⇒+23.01 −03.063 (7-70°)

[arc=3° 9'+1']

Observed rate

Temp.

Calculated rate

T

S.

O

S.

S.

December, 27-January,

+ 1.24

66.0

+ 2.26

January,

6--- 16-

16,.

+ 1.44

65.4

+ 2.30

26...

39

+ 1.61

65.3

+ 2.30

""

26-February,

5,..

+ 1.57

66.5

+ 2.23

February,

5- 15--

15,.

""

+ 1.79

65.8

+ 2.27

وو

25,..

+ 1.85

66.1

+ 2.25

"

99

""

March,

April,

31

May,

""

""

June,

25-March,

6- 16-

26-April,

5- 15-

25-May,

5- 15-

25-June,

6,

+ 2.00

66.2

+ 2.25

0.25

16,.

+ 2.15

66.3

33

+ 2.24

0.09

"

26,

+ 2.34

66.8

+ 2.21

+ 0.13

5,.

+ 2.48

66.2

+ 2.25

+ 0.23

15,..

+ 2.38

69.5

+ 2.04

+ 0.34

25,.

+ 2.38

71.8

"

+ 1.89

+ 0.49

5,

+ 2.04

75.3

+ 1.68

+ 0.36

""

15,.

+ 2.03

74.5

+ 1.73

+ 0.30

"

25,.

+1.97

74.6

+ 1.72

+ 0.25

4,..

+ 1.53

82.2

+ 1.24

+ 0.29

4- 14-

14,..

+1.48

80.8

+ 1.33

""

+ 0.15

""

""

24,.

+ 1.35

81.5

+ 1.28

+ 0.07

"

""

99

July,

24-July,

4- 14-

24-August,

4,.

+ 1.22

81.9

+ 1.26

0.04

""

14,.

+ 1.13

82.9

+ 1.20

0.07

""

24,.

+ 0.97

83.5

+ 1.16

0.19.

3,.

+ 0.94

82.2

+ 1.24

- 0.30

August, 3-

13,...

+ 1.01

83.9

+1.14

0.13

13-

23.......

+ 1.01

83.3

+ 1.17

-0.16

23-September, 2,

+ 1.05

80.7

+ 1.34

0.29

September, 2-

12,

+ 1.03

80.7

+ 1.34

0.31

"

October,

12-

"

22-October,

2-

12-

22,.

+ 1.14

81.2

++.31

0.17

2,.

+ 1.27

78.6

+ 1.47

0.20

وو

12,

+ 1.40

78.0

+1.51

0.11

39

22,

+ 1.52

77.0

+ 1.57

0.05

29

22-November,

1,

+1.67

73.5

+ 1.79

0.12

November, 1

11,

+ 1.74

74.1

+ 1.76

0.02

""

11

35

""

21,

+1.71

73.3

+ 1.80

0.09

"

21-December,

December, 1

1,.

+ 1.83

71.7

+ 1.90

0.07

11.

+ 2.08

68.7

+ 2.09

0.01

39

11

""

""

21,...

+ 2.46

64.9

+ 2.33

+ 0.13

21-

"

"

31,....

+ 2.32

65.6

+ 2.28

+ 0.04

Period.

5

Table III.

Rate of the Brock Standard Mean Time Clock in 1892.

T+23.60-03.075 (T-75°) +0.0020 (t-July 1)

Observed rate

To

Temp.

Arc.

a

393

Calculated rate.

To--Te

S.

!!

S.

S.

"

December, 27-January,

January, 6-

16-

26-February,

6,

+ 2.48

72.8

4 12

36

+ 2.41

+ 0.07

>>

16,

+ 2.77

70.1

4 12

18

+ 2.63

+ 0.14

26,

+ 2.87

70.6

4 12 6

+ 2.61

+ 0.26

5,

+ 2.51

71.7

4 11

18

+ 2.50

+ 0.01

February,

5-

"9

15,

+ 2.68

70.6

4

9

48

+ 2.65

+ 0.03

+

15-

>>

25,

+ 2.54

70.7

4

9

30

+ 2.66

- 0.12

"J

March,

25-March,

6,

+ 2.49

71.5

4

8

42

+ 2.62

6-

16,

+ 2.47

71.0

4

9

6

+ 2.68

0.13

- 0.21

16-

""

27

26,

+ 2.62

71.5

4

CO

8

36

+ 2.66

-

0.04

"

April,

26-April,

5,

+ 2.63

71.9

00

8

.0

+ 2.65

- 0.02

"

15,

+ 2.41

74.9

4

8 48

+ 2.45

0.04

15-

وو

""

25,

+ 2.25

77.1

4

8

36

+ 2.30

0.05

25-May,

5,

+ 2.05

79.9

4

8 36

+ 2.11

- 0.06

May,

5-

""

15,

+ 2.07

80.7

4

8 42

+ 2.07

0.00

15-

""

25,

+ 2.13

79.9

8 6

+ 2.15

- 0.02

25-June,

4,

+ 1.85

85.8

4

H

4

0

+ 1.73

+ 0.12

June,

4-

""

14,

+ 2.07

84.6

3 57 48

+ 1.84

+ 0.23

14-

19

*

22

24,

+ 1.97

85.0

3 58 12

+ 1.83

+ 0.14

35

July,

24-July,

4,

+ 1.97

85.2

3

57 48

+ 1.83

+ 0.14

4-

99

14,

+ 1.97

86.3

3 58

0

+1.77

+ 0.20

14-

""

55

24,

+ 1.76

86.9

3 57 54

+ 1.75

+ 0.01

"

24-August,

3,

+ 1.82

86.0

3 58 12

August,

3-

"9

13,

+1.87

86.7

3

57

2 6

+ 1.84

0.02

+ 1,80

+ 0.07

13-

"

"3

23,

+ 1.78

85.2

3 58 42

+ 1.93

0.15

""

23-September, 2,

+ 1.86

83.3

4 0 6

+ 2.10

0.24

"

October,

September, 2-

12-

22-October,

12,

+ 1.93

83.0

3 59 0

+ 2.14

0.21

22.

"

+ 1.97

83.5

3 58 48

+ 2.12

- 0.15

2,

+ 2.16

81.0

3

2.

""

12,

+ 2.29

81.5

12-

S

"

"

22,

+ 2.58

79.2

3

སྐྱ་པ་པ

57 48

+ 2.33

· 0.17

3 57 42

+ 2.31

0.02

55 48

+ 2.50

+ 0.08

22-November,

November, 1-

1,

+ 2.79

75.2

3

55 36

+ 2.82

0.03

11,

+ 2.88

75.2

3

55 24

+ 2.85

+ 0.03

11-

21,

ود

+ 2.71

78.6

3

55 12

+ 2.63

+ 0.08

19

21-December, 1,

+ 2.87

76.1

3

54 54

+ 2.82

+ 0.05

December, 1-

11,

""

+ 3.23

71.5

3 57 24

+ 3.18

+ 0.05

11-

21,'

99

+ 3.95

69.5

3 57 12

21-

31,

"

+ 3.84

70.0

3 58 0

+ 3.35

+ 3.34

17. As stated in the time-ball notice published in the Government Gazette on the 10th January, 1885, the time-ball is not dropped on Sundays or on Government holidays. It was, however, dropped also on Sundays in 1892, except when any assistant was sick or absent on duty or leave. On the 3rd, 4th and 5th of March, the apparatus was under repair and the ball was not hoisted. On the 22nd April, a thunderstorm raged in the neighbourhood. On the 2nd May, a wire in the lock was found fused by lightning. On the 11th of May, the line was out of order. On the 16th June, a thunderstorm was raging. On the 8th of August, the key of the tower was forgotten. On these days the ball was not hoisted. On the 23rd November, the ball failed to drop, the tooth of the lock being so worn that the piston would not rest on it. The ball was therefore dropped 345 times, and failed once in 1892:-

394

Table IV.

Errors of Time Ball in 1892.

means too late.

+ meaus too early.

Date.

Jan.

Feb. Mar.

Apr.

May.

June. July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct. Nov. Dec.

1,

:.

0.1

0.1

-0.5

0.1

2,

0.1

.0.3

-0.5

3.

+0.2

0.1

0.1

-0.2

4,

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

2222

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.2

0.1

-0.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.3

-0.3

0.1

5,

+0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.4

0.1

0.1

6,

0.1

P

-0.2

- 1.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.5

0.1

0.1

7,

-0.3

...

- 1.3

0.1

0.1

-0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

8,

0.1

0.1

- 1.4

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1.

9,

0.1

0.1

- 1.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

10,

0.1

-0.2

- 1.6

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

11,

0.1

0.1

....

-1.7

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

12,

0.1

0.1

— 1.7

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.2

-0.2

-0.2

0.1

13,

0.1

0.1

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.3

-0.3

-0.2

-0.3

14,

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.4

0.1

-0.3

-0.2

15,

0.1

0.1

-0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.5

0.1

-0.3

-0.6

16,

0.1

0.1

-0.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.2

0.1

www

-0.9

17,

0.1

0.1

-0.7

0.1

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.3

0.1

0.1

18,

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

+0.3

0.1

0.1

-0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

19,

0.1

+0.2

G

-0.2

0.1

0.1

+0.4

0.1

+0.2

-0.3

0.1

0.1

-0.2

20,

0.1

+0.2

-0.3

0.1

0.1

+0.4

+0.2

0.1

-0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

21,

0.1

-0.5

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.4

+0.2

0.1

0.1

22,

0.1

+0.3

-0.2

+0.2

0.1

0.1

-0.2

-0.4

+0.2

0.1

0.1

23,

0.1

0.1

0.1 +0.4

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.2

0.1

0.1

24,

0.1

0.1

0.1

+0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.5

-0.2

+0.3

25,

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

+0.4

26,

+0.2

0.1

0.1

+0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.2

0.1

+0.5

0.1

27,

+0.2

0.1

0.1

+0.6

0.1

+0.2

0.1

-0.3

0.1 -0.5

+0.2

28,

0.1

0,1

-0.3

0.1

-0.3

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.4

0.1

29,

0.1

0.1

-0.4

0.1

-0.3

0.1

+0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

30,

31,

0.1

::

-0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-0.2

0.1

0.1

-0.2

-0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

18. An extension of the main-building is urgently required as the Observatory is not nearly of the dimensions recommended by General H. S. PALMER, R.E., twelve years ago. In fact, the building was not hitherto properly finished, the pendant to the west to correspond to the transit-room towards the east not yet having been built. There is a drawing of it in the Office of Public Works, constructed by Mr. J. M. PRICE, the architect, who built the Observatory. Besides my private apartments and the laboratories, most of which are too small, there is only one office for the accommodation of the whole staff. It is 13 feet broad and 20 feet long. The telegraph and telephone apparatus are in the same room. There are often six officials working together, the same room being occupied almost constantly day and night. In a climate like this such overcrowding is undesirable. In other depart- ments the different foreign officials have each a separate office apart from the natives. In order to carry out the investigations printed in Appendix B I had to give the assistants the use of my dining- room, although that caused me very grave inconvenience and some expense.

19. Some of the principal duties of the staff are distributed as follows, the number of hours during which each official attended during the year being added in parenthesis:-

Mr. J. I. PLUMMER, Chief Assistant, (1853 hours), makes astronomical and magnetic observations, the latter under Mr. FIGG's superintendence,-regulates clocks and copies ship-logs.

Mr. F. G. FIGG, First Assistant, (2047 hours), attends to storm-warnings and investigations of typhoons. He teaches all the other assistants and does any work which is too difficult

for them.

Miss A. DOBERCK, Assistant Meteorologist, (883 hours in half a year) issues weather-forecasts and daily meteorological registers, and attends to meteorological observations and tabulations.

Mr. HO TOSHANG, Second Assistant, (1936 hours), hoists and sets the time-ball and attends to the continuous records and the construction of the monthly and annual reports, in which he is assisted by two native clerks, one (2048 hours), of whom besides attends to electric, and the other (2083 hours), to photographic work.

20. Observations of magnetic declination and horizontal force were made with the unifilar mag- netometer, Elliott Brothers, No. 55, and the dips were observed with dip-circle, Dover No. 71. Some deflections which were badly observed were excluded and are printed in parenthesis.

The methods adopted in making the observations and in determining and applying the corrections are explained in Appendix G. of Observations and Researches made in 1885: "On the verification of

7

395

72

the unifilar magnetometer, Elliott Brothers, No. 55." The value of log K was 3.44955 at 25°. The value of P was + 8.732. The mean value of the magnetic moment of the vibrating needle was 0.46028 in English Units and 600.93 in C.G.S. Units.

The times of vibration exhibited in the table are each derived from 12 observations of the time occupied by the magnet in making 100 vibrations, corrections having been applied for rate of chrono- meter and arc of vibration.

The observations of horizontal force are expressed in C.G.S. units (one centimeter, one gramme, one second), but the monthly synopsis exhibits X, the horizontal, as well as Y, the vertical, and the total forces, which have been computed by aid of the observed dips, and their values are also given in English units (one foot, one grain, one second) and in Gauss's units (one millimeter, one milligram, one second).

21. The cisterns of the barograph and standard barometers are placed 109 feet above M.S.L. The bulbs of the thermometers are rotated 108 feet above M.S.L., and 4 feet above the grass. The solar radiation thermometer is placed at the same height. The rim of the rain-gauge is 105 feet above M.S.L., and 21 inches above the ground.

22. The monthly Weather Reports are arranged as follows:-

Table I. exhibits the hourly readings of the barometer reduced to freezing point of water, but not to sea level, as measured (at two minutes to the hour named) from the barograms.

Tables II. and III. exhibit the temperature of the air and of evaporation as determined by aid of rotating thermometers. Table II. exhibits also the extreme temperatures reduced to rotating thermo- meter. Table III. exhibits also the solar radiation (black bulb in vacuo) maximum temperatures reduced to Kew arbitrary standard.

Table IV. exhibits the mean relative humidity in percentage of saturation and mean tension of water vapour present in the air in inches of mercury for every hour of the day and for every day in the month calculated by aid of Blanford's tables from the data in Tables II. and III.

Table V. exhibits the duration of sunshine expressed in hours from half an hour before to half an hour after the hour (true time) named.

Table VI. exhibits the amount of rain (or dew) in inches registered from half an hour before to half an hour after the hour named. It exhibits also the estimated duration of rain.

Table VII. exhibits the velocity of the wind in miles and its direction in points (1-32). The velocity is measured from half an hour before to half an hour after the hour named, but the direction is read off at the hour.

Table VIII. exhibits the amount (0-10), name (Howard's classification) and direction whence coming of the clouds. Where the names of upper and lower clouds are given, but only one direction, this refers to the lower clouds.

Table IX. exhibits for every hour in the day, the mean velocity of the wind reduced to 4 as well as to 2 directions, according to strictly accurate formulæ, and also the mean direction of the wind.

Below this is printed a list of phenomena observed.

23. The following annual Weather Report for 1892, is arranged as follows:-

Table V. exhibits the mean values for the year (or hourly excess above this) obtained from the monthly reports. The total duration of rain was 996 hours. There fell at least 0.01 inch of rain on 141 days.

Table VI. exhibits the number of hours during portion of which at least 0.005 inch of rain (or dew) was registered.

Table VII. exhibits the number of days with wind from eight different points of the compass. The figures are obtained from the mean daily directions in Table VII. of the monthly reports.

Days with wind from a point equidistant from two directions given are counted half to one of these and half to the other e.g., half of the days when the wind was NÑE are counted as N, and the other half as

NE.

Table VIII. exhibits the number of days on which certain meteorological phenomena were registered, and also the total number of thunderstorms noted in the neighbourhood during the past year. A slight earthquake was noticed about 10 a. on the 22nd April. Afterglows stronger than usual were noticed since the 15th December.

The extremes of humidity and vapour

Table IX. shows the frequency of clouds of different classes. Table X. is arranged nearly the same as in previous years. Table XI. exhibits the monthly and annual extremes. tension are only approximate as the hourly values are not calculated.

Table XII. contains five-day means.

Tables XIII., XIV. and XV. contain magnetic observations.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

To the Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary, &c., &c., &c.

W. DOBERCK,

Director.

Pressure,

Temperature,..

Diurnal Range,

Humidity,

Vapour Tension,

Sunshine (Total),

Rainfall, (Total),

Hours of Rain (Total),

Intensity of Rain,. Wind-Velocity,

Wind-Direction,

Cloudiness,

Solar Radiation,

Excess of do. do.,

1 a.

2 a.

Table V.

Mean Values and Hourly Excess above the Mean of Meteorological Elements in 1892.

5 a.

6 a.

7 a.

8 a.

9 a.

10 a.

11 a. Noon.

1 p.

2 p.

3 p. 4 p.

5 p. 6 p.

7 p.

8 p.

9 p.

10 p.

11 p.

Midt.

3 a.

4 a.

Mean or

Total.

+.004 -.006 1.5 1.7

...

+ 4+

-.014-017-011+.001

1.9 2.0

P

2.1 2.1

+.017+.032 1.5 0.4

+.043 +.046 +.036 +.015 + 0.6 +1.4 + 2.3 +2.8

-.009 .029 +3.0 + 2.9

.042 -.045 + 2,5 + 1.9 +0.9

-.041

032-017-001

+.013 +.021

0.0

0.4 0.6

0.7 0.9

+.021

1.1

.014 |

1.3

29.840

719.0

99.1

...

...

:

...

...

5 + 5 +

+.003 +.001

+.000

6 +

-.002

-.005

5+ 5

-.005

+

4 +

1

2

4

6

8

.000 +.002

.001 -.004

.003 .004

7.3

75.9 149.2

1.620 3.485

2.705

4.035

4.570

6.195

6.675

5.390

6.990

38 38

39

51

54 51

59

52

0.043

0.092

0.069

0.079

0.085

0.121

0.113

0.104

0.9

1.2

1.4

K

1.1

1.2

1,2

1.1

0.1

50

7° 6°

70

go

-

6o go

+ 1

+ 3

162.7 178.4

5.635

52 43

0.134 0.131 0.9 +0.8

60 + 2o

+ 2

192.1 192.5

4.030

37

0.109 0.119 + 2.2+ 1.8 + 4° + 9°

4,520

38

8

..003 ..001 198.6 192.4

2.755

39

0.071 0.049

7

6

5

p

.000 +.002

3

.002

+

1 +

2

+

2 + 3

+ 4 +

4

77

.000

.000

.000

+.003 +.006

+.009 +.007

0.619

180.8 162.8

97.8 12.0

1802.5

...

1.845

38

2.435

27

4.515

35

3.230

3.630

3.340

2.215

0.090 0.129

+2.0 + 2.0

+130 +120

0

+ 1.7 + 1.3 + 90 + 80

41

0.079

+ 0.5

+ 80 +

35

0.104

38

30

2.950

34

3,205

2.050 2.950

90.970

33

39

32

973

0.088

0.074

0.087

0.097

0.053

0.092

0.093

0.4

GURA 3

1.1

1.2

0.8

0.4

S

P

0.6 0.7

12.8

3o + 1°

50

50

4

5

40

6o

E 4° N

65

1259.3

...

49°,1

Table VI.

Number of Hours during portion of which it rained, for each Month in the Year 1892.

396

Month.

1 a.

2 a.

3 a.

4 a.

5 a.

6 a.

7 a.

8 a.

9 a.

10 a.

11 a. Noon. 1 p.

2 p.

3 p.

4 p.

5 p. 6 p.

7 p.

8 p.

9 p.

10 p. 11 p. Midt.

Total.

January,

February,

2

March,

1

1

5

11

April,

May,

June,

July,

August,

6

6

September,

5

3

October,

1

1

November,

1

December,

2

2

2

3

C4H67600 :**

Q10 11 10 C07::*

124667 :22

6948ZONI 00

:047B66HEL :~

2126 ∞ O N 10 C0 1 1 O

1

1

1

1

1

3

3

1

11

5

9

6 10

10

11

8

6

5

...

...

3

1

HOOT ::

3

7

9

9

6

6

8

4

5

1

...

...

3

4

2

3

3

2

2

1

12367&*

12234OMO♡ :: pod

2:23667∞ :--

1

1

2

9

3

...

...

1

3

I

2124842::2

1

2

3

6

3

9

10

6

4

5

5

4

...

1

1

:32387

1216467SD:1:

1

21

...

I

2

4

3

8

4

6

1

1

-2

I

1

2

1204626+ :-:

32

64

128

105

179

130

138

110

4.

1

15

47

Total....... 38

38

39

51

54

51

59

52 52

43 37

38

39 38

27

35

336

41

35

38

30

34

33

39

32

22

973

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June,....

July,...

August,...

September,

October,

Month.

9.

Table VII.

Number of days with wind from eight different points of the Compass during each month of the year 1892.

W.

N.

NE.

E.

SE.

S.

SW.

NW.

January,

February,

March,

5

6

18

1

1

10

2

19

1

1

1

3

10

18

1

3

1

April,

1

23

3

1

May,

2

18

2

3

3

1

June,

I

7

7

12

1

July,

1

1

17

6

3

1

2

August,

13

1

1

September,

4

October,

7

CO

20

223

12

1

1

CO

4

November,

4

5

19

December,

10

9

9

:

:

1

1

1

...

1

1

1

Sum,......

40

43

193

17

20

29

14

10

Table VIII.

Total Number of Days on which different Meteorological Phenomena were noted and Total Number of

Thunderstorms during each month of the year 1892.

Month.

11

:

Fog.

Electric

Phenomena.

Dew.

Rainbows.

Lunar Halo.

Corona.

Lunar

Solar Halo.

Corona.

Solar

10

:.

:

12

6

1

:

:

:

10

5

2

1

10

5

1

8

10

5

:

1

11

1

Co

6

8

2

1

:

:.

:

6

:

1

2

1

2

:

:

12

11

6

4

ลง

2

1

4

2

16

16

6

1

2

9

4

18

153

10

5 11

6

8

11

12

:

.::.

:

:

20

19

11

16

5

3

2

9

100

5

1

6

1

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

12

4.

1

2

10

3

4

1

:

2

4

3

3

9

7

:

2

1

1

2

Co

6

:

4

:

1

November,

December,

Sums,......

45

81 72 46

17

3833

93

42

16

23

70

32

10

397

398

10

Table IX.

Total Number of Times that Clouds of different Forms were observed in each month of the

Month.

year

1892.

C.

c-str.

c-cum. sm-cum.

cum. cum-str. str. R-cum. cum-nim.

nim.

January,....

N

10

5

68

64

10

12

22

8

February,

March,

1

6

43

85

:

18

32

48

:.

3

4

27

88

15

52

42

...

38

April,

9

12

66

86

:

3

17

28

49

May,

30

9

49

127

1

24

20

50

June,

6

48

41

23

159

1

5

21

49

July,

88

89

65

26

174

2

8

2

23

31

August,

7

52

51

34

142

5

4

19

44

September,....

34

26

78

99

10

18

20

35

October,

19

18

November,

25

10

39889

70

119

1

1

2

69

87

December,

3

10

5

63

35

:

:

27

7

13

9

23

Sums,........

23

320

248

616

1265

81

189

243

392

Table X.

Baro-

Mean Diurnal Variabi-

Weight of water

RAINFALL.

vapour

Month.

metric

Tide.

lity of

in troy

Hourly Intensity

MEAN DIRECTION OF CLOUDS WHENCE

NUMBER OF DAYS

WITH

COMING.

CLOUDS BELOW.

Temper-

grains in Mean. 1892.

of Rain.

ea, cubic

ature.

ft. of air.

Lower. Upper.

Cirrus. 2,000 ft. 1,000 ft.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

January,

0.118

1.96

4.14

0.98

0.520

0.021

E 7° NW 30° S

CH

2

February,

0.108

3.86

5.16

1.32

1.250

0.009

E 17° S W 1° S

W

22

13

March,

0.110

3.99

5.00

3.24

3.900

0.038

E 11 SW 16° S

:

April,......... 0.092

2.07

6.74

5.27

1.595

0.083

E 33° S W 8° S

2223

24

6

23

12

May,

0.084

2.12

7.91

12.54

8.575

0.075

June,

0.073

1.21

9.14

15.81

34.375 0.240

July,

0.068

0.97

9.63 15.98

August,

0.075

1.07

⚫9.04 14.85

S 37° E W 5° N N 4° E

S 15° W N 11° W N 23° W

10.785 0.169 S 20° E N 8° WN 39° W

12.090 0.153 S 2o E E 17° NE 36° NĮ 10

22 23

22 23

7

19

4

September,

0.078

2.13

8.01

12.65

7.005 0.079

E 8° NE 38° N

1

10

1

October,... 0.100

1.15

5.82

5.36

0.020 0.005

E 23° N N 19° W

:

November,...... 0.108 1.89

5.87

1.17

December,...... 0.110 1.77

3.35

1.00

0.340 0.008 E 6° N S 22° W

0.515 0.009 E11 NW 36° S

10

2

2

:

Mean,...... 0.094

2.02

6.65

90.17

90.970

0.074

E 27° S W 32° N N 19° W

169

50

11

Table XI.

Monthly Extremes of the Principal Meteorological Elements registered during the year 1892.

399

BAROMETER.

TEMPERATUre.

HUMI-

DITY.

VAPOUR TENSION.

RAIN.

WIND VELOCITY. TION.

RADIA-

·

MONTH.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Daily Hourly Max. Max.

Sun

Max.

Max.

January..... 30.367 29.845

75.6

46.5

31

0.617 0.169

0.350 0.155

46

137.2

7

February,

30.222 29.568

78.8

48.9

42

0.726

0.230 0.430

0.420

42

139.1

March,....

30.143 29.552

80.3

46.3

44

0.779

0.244 1.800

0.320

46

136.1

April,........ 30.098 29.642

84.1

57.0

20

0.891

0.182

3.995 1.800

36

146.5

May,

30.015 29.571

87.9

64.1

35

0.999

0.344

3.615

2.085

38

152.0

June,

29.817 29.531

90.2

70.0

60

.1.001

0.680 10.845 2.150

39

154.9

July,...

29.830 29.304

90.0

74.2

66

1.045

0.778 2.020 0.705

33

159.6

August,

29.834

29.523

91.1

73.7

53

0.968

0.716 1.305

0.805

35

152.8

September,...... 29.903

29.317

93.9

65.6

37

0.985

0.381 1.690

1.145

32

150.7

October,

30.084 29.528

87.6

64.0

22

0.819

0.177 0.015

0.005

31

146.0

November, 30.227 29.595

83.0

52.1

32

0.762

0.192 0.220

0.110

35

143.3

December,

30.328 29.918

73.2

44.2

18

0.549

0.069 0.180

0.040

32

130.2

Year,

30.367 29.304

93.9

44.2

18

1.045

0.069 10.845

2.150

46

159.6

400

12

Table XII.

Five-Day Means of the Principal Meteorological Elements observed at Hongkong in 1892.

FIVE-DAY PERIODS. Barometer.

Temper-

Humidity.

ature.

Vapour

Wind Tension. Velocity.

Nebulosity. Sunshine.

Rain.

January

1- 5

30.137

60.6

75

0.397

9.0

8.9

2.7

0.005

6-10

.122

56.2

59

.271

10.1

3.1

7.2

0.000

11-15

29.975

59.1

64

.326

13.6

1.5

94

0.000

"

.16-20

30.075

57.9

72

.348

11.8

6.7

4.2

0.000

39

.21-25

.184

59.8

68

.356

13.7

4.7

5.5

0.000

""

.26-30

.001

63.0

90

.521

15.6

8.1

1.3

0.099

J

.31- 4

29.967

65.6

79

.499

10.3

2.9

8.1

0.001

""

February

5- 9

30.063

57.2

74

.348

18.3

9.5

1.7

0.031

..10-14

29.935

64.3

86

.521

10.9

6.5

8.6

0.000

.15-19

30.021

56.5

82

.378

15.2

9.8

00

0.024

**

.20-24

29.731

65.3

94

.587

17.1

9.6

1.0

0.121

.25- 1

.805

60.6

91

.483

22.8

9.5

0.5

0.061

March

2- 6

.715

68.1

83.

.584

11.1

9.1

2.9.

0.094

7-11

.917

59.3

82

.415

21.9

9.9

0.0

0.007

"

...12-16

.946

55.8

80

.367

11.9

9,8

0.2

0.000

.17-21

.959

59.0

79

.401

16.1

9.2

1.7

0.003

33

.22-26

.888

64.7

86

.526

18.7

8.2

4.6

0.020

.27-31

.971

60.1.

85

.441

22.2

9.6

0.9

0.656

53

April

1- 5

30.006

66.5

54

.344

11.2

6.4

4.6

0.015

6-10

29.846

69.8

85

.622

14.8

7.5

3.3

0.252

.11-15

.847

66.9

82

.547

14.8

8.9

‚1.7

0.127

.16-20

.799

69.9

87

.644

17.9

9.2

1.1

0.488

.21-25

.743

74.1

95

.803

13.3

7.5

4.4

1.424

.26-30

.827

74.5

90

.775

17.3

7.7

4.1

0.013

""

May

1- 5

.870

72.8

80

.650

10.5

6.2

5.4

0.291

6-10

.750

75.5

88

.776

12.8

8.3

2.9

0.767

>

.11-15

.784

72.6

*777

.614

18.3

8.9

2.8

0.000

16-20

29.778

72.0

81

.632

17.0

7.8

3.5

0.056

"

.21-25

.671

77.3

88

.825

12.5

9.0

2.2

0.560

...26-30

.689

81.2

85

.900

11.7

8.2

4.4.

0.041

""

.31- 4

.707

83.5

77

.893

10.2

5.6

9.8

0.045

June

5- 9

.618

77.6

84

.795

16.5

8.0

5.2

0.973

.10-14

.599

82.1

77

.851

10.7

6.5

8.4

0.032

"

.15-19

.600

78.2

92

.882

13.2

9.8

0.8

4.739

33

.20-24

.685

82.2

81

.887

12.4

8.1

5.0

0.111

-25-29

.704

81.1

84

.885

11.5

7.0

5.9

0.563

"3

.30- 4

.718

80.5

86

.893

14.6

8.5

0.8

0.699

"

July

5-9

.754

82.0

83

.908

5.1

6.3

7.3

0.000

10-14-

.703

81.4

83

.891

5.8

7.1

5.1

0.470

32

15-19

.619

82.0

83

.906

12.0

7.2

6.6

0.323

""

..20-24

.417

81.6

84

.905

12.6

7.8

4.6

0.343

20

.25-29

.588

79.7

91

.921

6.4

7.8

1.5

0.727

39

30- 3

.655

81.6

84.

.902

7.3

5.6

6.4

0.470

August

4-8

.749

83.4

76

.874

9.4

3.4

10.7

0.177

9-13

.740

81.9

78

.851

4.9

4.0

9.2

0.233

""

.14-18

.686

82.3

79

.877

9.1

4.3

9.0

0.042

,,

19-23

.711

78.5

86

.835

10.8

7.3

5.0

0.404

33

24-28

.727

78.5

88

.855

8.5

7.6

3.2

0.582

""

.29- 2

*.620

777.7

90

.857

-10.9

8.7

1.5

0.824

September

3- 7

.504

81.1

72

.758

7.0

5.5

8.2

0.123

8-12

.515

78.9

78

.769

7.8

4.8

6.9

0.083

29

.13-17

.705

81.5

68

.725

14.4

3.5

9.7

0.022

"

.18-22.

.691

76.9

83

.775

12.8

9.6

1.0

0.848

""

.23-27

.774

77.1

76

.712

6.1

6.4

4.8

0.000

""

.28-2

.842

75.6

73

.659

14.2

6.7

4.3

0.018

"3

October.

3- 7

.846

77.3

71

.666

16.3

4.7

8.4

0.000

8-12

.728

77.5

50

.474

11.9

3.2

9.9

0.000

>>

.13-17

.930

75.3

70

.616

17.1

2.4

9.8

0.000

""

.18-22

.980

73.4

70

.579

14.7

4.3

8.5

0.004

""

.23-27

.954

71.3

63

.487

14.6

2.5

8.7

0.000

.28- 1

.896.

71.4

54

.412

12.4

0.5

9.7

0.000

November.

2- 6

.903

71.0

72

.550

16.9

1.7

9.4

0.000

7-11

.906

72.8

85

.689

17.4

7.9

1.7

0.009

"

12-16

.990

70.1

78

.578

13.7

8.1

2.7

0.059

17-21

.895

72.4

777

.614

16.5

6.4

5.3

0.000

*3

22-26

.894

69.1

69

.511

9.7

4.5

5.8

0.000

.27- 1

30.155

60.5

51

.270

9.1

3.6

8.2

0.000

December

2- 6

.131

63.2

67

.389

12.0

9.2

1.3

0.009

7-11

.029

61.1

78

.419

8.8

9.9

0.2

0.074

"

12-16

.224

52.8

43

.175

11.3

4.3

6.5

0.020

33

.17-21

.178

53.9

36

.152

13.0

0.7

8.4

0.000

""

..22-26

.026

60.3

67

.354

9.2

0.7

8.9

0.000

..27-31

.040

61.1

61

.330

10.5

1.4

8.5

0.000

13

Table XIII.

Observations of Magnetic Declination and Dip.

401

1892.

H.K.M.T.

Declination East.

Observer.

H.K.M.T.

Dip North.

Needle.

Observer.

January,

14a 2h. 49m. p.

0° 36'

6"

J.I.P.

15 3h 33m p.

32° 6'.37

3

J.I.P.

6.45

وو

February,

17 2 56 p.

35 3

15

3 39 p.

8.55

6.99

11

"

91

March,....

17 3 3 p.

32 39

15 3 50 P.

4.77

3.10

35

"

April,

15 2 33 p.

35 11

12 3 40 P.

1.27

99

4.17

>>

16 3 38 p.

31

29

~~

32 1.38

"J

58.38

19

May,

June,

17 2

55

p.

31

39

13

"}

3 40 p.

32 0.92

17 3

55

P.

32 43

3.86

""

""

"

17 3

p.

33

1

14

3 51

29

P.

1.27

"J

0.03

>>

July,

16 2

58 P.

30 52

14 3 54 P.

5.51

4.73

و"

August,

16 2 44 p.

33 34

F.G.F.

15

3 46 P.

4.76

F.G.F.

7.13

**

September,

13 2 47 p.

32 45

14

>>

3 33 P.

2,50

2.44

33

35

16

3

35 P.

4.60

1

0.96

39

">

October,

14 2 42 p.

November,

December,

16 2 53 p.

16 2 48 p.

32 40

34 25

34 15

17

95

4 15 P.

3.05

*5

32

5.96

19

J.I.P.

14

3

51 p. 31

59.38

J.I.P.

32

· 1.45

14 S

33

49 P.

31

59.67

3

59

32 2.49

"

DATE.

1892.

H.K.M.T.

Time

of one Vibra- tion.

Table XIV.

Observations of Horizontal Magnetic Force.

Tem-

perature Log mX.

Cent.

Value of

m.

Distance in

Tem-

H.K.M.T.

meters.

Centi- perature Deflection. Log

Cent.

mi

X.

Value of X.

Obser.

ver,

January 13,... 2h. 35m. p.

3o. .5837

February 16,... 2 42 p.

March

March

April

16,...

18....

13,...

2 51 p.

4 28 p.

169.85 2.34152

3 .5842 14 .9 2.34099 604.37

3.5852 15 .8 2.34080 602.93

3.5920 23 .1 2.34034 602.87

605.22

3h. 28m. p.

30

179.5

40

7° 6′42′′.5 2 59 24

3 47 P.

30

15 .4

7 650

3.22230

3.22162

0.36275 J.I.P.

40

2 59 4

3 50 p.

30

16 .9

5 55

3.21974

0.36281

0.36352

"

"

40

2 57 42.5

3 57 p.

30

23 .5

7 137.5

3.22011

0.36317

"}

40

2 57 35

2 44 p. 3 .5937 20 .2 2.33944 601.61

3 35 p.

30

21 .0

7 3 12.5

3.21921

0.36316

"

40

2 57 49

May

16,...

June

15,...

July

2 52 p.

2 48 p.

15.... 2 56 p.

August 16,...

September 13,...

October 14,... 3 17 p. 3 .6048 28 .4

November 15,.... 2 50 p. 3 .6062

December 15.......... 2 50 p. 3 .5965

3 19 p.

3 24 p. 3 .6054 30.5 2.33906 600.15

2.33864 600.30

26 .8 2.33796 598.27

18 .0 2.33869 597.82

3 .5965 23 .4

3 .6024 29 .6

3 .6065 30 .4

3 .6078 33 .15 2.33897 600.21

2.33916 600.69

2.33902 599.97

2.33819 599.65

3 42 p.

30.

23.55 7 149

3.21813

0.36351

"

40.

3 39 P.

30

40

3

41 p.

30

30.4

40

3 56 p.

30

31 .8

2 57 7.5 29.15 7 011

2 56 12.5 7 046 2 56 5 7 0 1

3.21723

0.36383

.་

3.21762 0.36331

3.21764 0.36363 F.G.F.

7:

40

2 5611

3 56 P.

30

29 .85

7 016

40

2 56 15

3 52 p.

30

27 .2

7 144

40

2 56 34

3 41 p.

30

26 .0

6 59 27 .5

40

[2 54 9]

3 51 p.

30

16 .6

7

119

3.21716 0.36375

3.21809 0.36331

3.21585

3.21445 0.36485

""

"}

0.36397 J.I.P.

""

40

2 55 21

402

14

Table XV.

Results of Magnetic Observations in 1892.

MAGNETIC FORCE.

Decli-

Dip

MONTH.

nation East.

ENGLISH UNITS.

METRIC UNITS.

C. G. S. UNITS.

North.

X.

Y.

Total.

X.

Y.

Total.

X.

Y.

Total.

1892.

January,

0° 36′ 6′′ 32′ 6′ 25′′

7.8674.

4.9366

9.2880

3.6275

2.2762

4.2825

0.36275

0.22762 0.42825

February,

35 3

7 46

7.8677

4.9417

9.2918

3.6281

2,2785

4.2843

March,

32 39

3 56

7.8803

4.9367

9.2991

3.6335

2.2763

4.2877

0.36335 0.22763

0.36281 0.22785 0.42843

0.42877

April,......

35 11

1 18

7.8762

4.9258

9.2896

3.6316

2.2712

4.2833 0.36316 0.22712 0.42833

May,

32 11

2 23

7.8839

4.9310

9.3006

3.6351

2.2750

4.2883 0.36351

-0.22750 0.42883

June,

33 1

0 39

7.8908

4.9328

9.3058

3.6383

2,2741

4.2907 0.36383

0.22741 0.42907

July,

30 52

5 7

7.8795

4.9400

9.3000

3.6331

2.2778

4.2880 0.36331

0.22778 0.42880

August,

33 34

5 57

7.8861

4.9470

9.3096

3.6363

2.2810

4.2925 0.36363 0.22810 0.42925

September,

32 45

2 37

7.8890

4.9379

9.3070

3.6375

2.2768

1.2913

0.36375 0.22768 '0.42913

October,

32 40

4 30

7.8795

4.9380

9.2990

3.6331

2.2768

4.2877

0.36331 0.22768 0.42877

November,

34 25

0 25

7.8937

4.9338

9.3087

3.6397

2.2749

4.2921

0.36397

0.22749 0.42921

December,...

34 15

1 5

7.9130

4.9480

9.3328

3.6185

2.2814

4.3032

0.36485

0.22814 0.43032

Mean....... 0 33 33

32 3 31

7.88395

4.9377

9.3027

3.6352

2,2767

4.2893

0.36352

0.22767 0.42893

:

Appendix A.

INFORMATION ISSUED IN 1892, CONCERNING TYPHOONS.

June 7th.-The following notice was issued at 1 p. on the 6th:-"6.10 a. strong NE wind expected in northern part of China Sea." Barometer falling. Gradients moderate for E winds. Weather: cool and wet. (Issued at 10.48 a.)

June 26th.-At 4 p. on the 25th, the following notice was issued: "typhoon E of Luzon," and at 10 a. on the 26th, "small depression SW of Luzon."-Barometer rising. Gradients slight for NE winds. Weather: clear, warm and dry.

July 17th.-Barometer rising at Amoy, falling at Bolinao. Gradients moderate for E winds. Weather: hot and cloudy. (Issued at 10.33 a.)

July 18th.-At 2.15 p. on the 17th, the following notice was issued: "typhoon in China Sea West of Luzon," and directions to hoist the Red South Cone. Barometer steady. Gradients moderate for NE winds. Weather warm and fine. (Issued at 10.45 a.)

July 19th-At 10.0 a. directions were given to hoist the Black South Cone, and at 10.20 a. the following notice was issued: "typhoon South of Hongkong moving Northwestward in the direc- tion of Hainan. Weather: wet and squally. (Issued at 10.25 a.)

July 20th.--At 7.10 p. directions were issued to hoist two lanterns vertically.

"The typhoon appears to have recurved and to be now rather near to and SE of Hongkong. Bad weather but no great storm is expected in the neighbourhood." (Issued at 11.20 a.)

July 21st.-At 4.20 a. directions were issued to take down the Black South Cone, at 9.30 a. to hoist the Black North Cone and the following notice: "it is blowing hard in the Formosa Channel.” The centre of the typhoon appears to be situated in the southern part of the Chanel moving northwards. (Issued at 10.36 a.)

7

15

403

July 22nd.-At 8.45 p. the Red North Cone was hoisted. "The typhoon appears to be situated near the North Coast of Formosa." Barometer rising slowly. Gradients moderate for W winds. Weather: hot and rather dry. (Issued at 11 a.)

July 23rd.—At 2.50 p. on the 22nd directions were given to take down the Red North Cone. Barometer rising slowly. Gradients very moderate for SE winds.

moderate for SE winds. Weather: cloudy, hot and rather dry. (Issued at 10.42 a.)

July 25th.-At 10.30 a. on the 24th, the following notice was issued: "typhoon South of Hongkong," and directions given to hoist the Red South Cone, and at 4.15 p. on the 24th, the following notice was issued: "the typhoon appears to be moving towards WNW." Barometer falling. Weather: wet and unsettled. (Issued at 10.58 a.)

-

July 26th.-At noon on the 25th, directions were given to take down the Red South Cone. Barometer rising except in Haiphong. Gradients moderate for SE winds. Weather: warm and showery. (Issued at 10.27 a.)

July 27th.-At 4 p. on the 26th, the following notice was issued: "the typhoon is raging in the Gulf of Tongking." Last night the centre crossed Haiphong without causing any damage. Barometer rising. Gradients moderate for SE winds. Weather: warm, cloudy and damp. (Issued at 10.21 a.)

July 30th.-At 4 p., the following notice was issued: "there appears to be a typhoon in the Pacific NE of Bolinao. Severe earthquake in Hoihow yesterday morning." Barometer steady. Gradients slight. Weather: cloudy, warm and showery. (Issued at 10.27 a.)

August 2nd.--At 10:30 a. on the 1st, the following notice was issued: "there is a depression in the China Sea SE of Hongkong," and at 10.20 a. on the 2nd: "the depression is moving Northwards." Barometer rising. Strong SW wind.

Strong SW wind. Weather: squally and wet. Issued at 11.8 a.

August 3rd.-At 4.15 p., the following notice was issued: "the depression has entered the mainland." Barometer rising. Gradients moderate for SW winds. Weather: warm and cloudy. (Issued at 10.30 a.)

August 13th.-At 5.10 p., the following notice was issued: NEastward." Barometer rising.

Barometer rising. Gradients slight for SE winds. (Issued at 10.32 a.)

"typhoon NE of Formosa moving Weather: cloudy, warm and damp.

August 16th.--"Typhoon in the Pacific East of Formosa." Barometer falling. Gradients slight for SW winds. Weather: clear, hot and rather dry. (Issued at 10.25 a.)

August 17th.-"The typhoon has entered the mainland between Amoy and Foochow." ceasing to fall. Gradients moderate for SW winds. Weather: fine and dry.

Barometer

(Issued at 11.35 a.)

August 18th.-At 4.11 p. on the 17th, the following notice was issued: "the typhoon appears to be moving North-Westward." Barometer rising. Gradients moderate for SW winds. Weather: warm and showery, possibly thunderstorms. (Issued at 10.27 a.)

August 21st.-At 1 p. on the 20th, the following notice was issued: "there appears to be a depression NE of Cape S. James moving Westward." Barometer rising. Gradients moderate for E winds. Weather: cloudy, rather cool, perhaps showery. (Issued at 10.51 a.)

August 24th.—Barometer falling at Bolinao probably owing to another depression. Gradients moderate for NE winds. Weather: warm and showery. Issued at 10.37 a.)

very

August 31st.-At 4 p. on the 30th, the following telegram was issued: "depression West of Bolinao. At 10.45 a. on the 31st, orders were given to hoist the Black South Cone, and the following notice was issued: "the typhoon appears to be moving Westward." Barometer falling. Weather: wet and squally. (Issued at 10.45 a.)

September 1st.-At 5.15 a., orders were given to take down the Black South Cone and hoist the Black Ball. At 10.45 a., orders were given to take down Black Ball and hoist Red Ball, and the following notice was issued: "the typhoon appears to have approached the Gulf of Tongking." Barometer steady. Gradients moderate for SE winds. Weather: rather cool and wet. (Issued at 10.49 a.)

September 2nd.-At 10.25 a., orders were given to take down the Red Ball. steady here, but falling at Haiphong and Amoy. Gradients moderate for S winds. and showery. (Issued at 10.28 a.)

September 5th.-"There is a depression in the China Sea." Weather: hot and dry. (Issued at 11.13 a.)

September 6th.-At 10 a. directions to hoist the Red Drum. Formosa." Strong N winds in the northern part of the China Sea.

September 7th.-At 10.30 a. directions to hoist the Black Drum, approaching Swatow.' Falling barometer. Moderate NW wind. at 11.58 a.)

Barometer almost Weather: warm

Barometer falling at all stations.

"There is a typhoon near southern Weather: fine. (Issued at 10.50 a.) and the following notice: "typhoon Fine and very dry weather. (Issued

September 8th. At 6 p. on the 7th, notice was issued: "it is blowing hard between Swatow and Foochow," at 6.15 p. directions to hoist the Black North Cone, at 12.20 a. on the 8th to hoist two lanterns horizontally, at 10.50 a. to hoist the Black Drum in place of the Cone.-Falling barometer, increasing NW wind and rain. (Issued at 10.57 a.)

404

16

September 9th.-At 4 p. on the 8th, the following notice was issued: "centre of typhoon about 100 miles E of Hongkong, nearly stationary," at 6 p., "the centre of the typhoon is South of Hong- kong moving Westward," and directions to hoist Black South Cone.-Baronieter rising. Moderate E winds. Weather: cloudy and squally. (Issued at 10.32 a.)

September 10th.-At 10.15 a., orders were given to take down the Black South Cone. Barometer rising. Gradients slight for SE winds. Weather: cloudy and dry. (Issued at 11.55 a.)

September 17th.-At 5.8 p. on the 16th, the following notice was issued: "typhoon near southern Formosa," and at 9.30 a. on the 17th, directions to hoist the Black Drum, and at 10.20 a. the follow- ing notice: "typhoon approaching SE coast." Barometer falling. Strong N wind probable. Weather: cloudy, hot and dry. (Issued at 10.24 a.)

September 19th.-At 4 p. on the 17th the notice: "bad weather in the Formosa Channel," at 7 p. directions to hoist two lanterns horizontally, at 10.50 a. on the 18th the notice: "typhoon now approaching coast between Amoy and Swatow," at 4 p. the notice: "typhoon near Swatow approach- ing coast between Hongkong and Swatow," at 6.20 p. to hoist two lanterns horizontally, and, at 5.15 a. on the 19th to take down the lanterns and the Drum. Barometer rising. Gradients moderate for SE winds. Weather: cool, gloomy and slight rain. (Issued at 10.45 a.)

September 22nd.-There is a depression in the China Sea SE of Hongkong. Barometer falling. Gradients moderate for N winds. Weather: cloudy, cool and rather dry. (Issued at 10.35 a.)

September 27th.-At 4.53 p. on the 26th, the following notice was issued: "depression between Shanghai and Formosa. Barometer rising. Gradients very gentle. Weather: clear, hot and dry.

(Issued at 10.24 a.)

}

October 10th.-At 10.24 a. on the 9th, the following notice was issued: "typhoon East of Bolinao," and at 4 p.: "in the China Sea strong NNW gale," and at 10.30 a. on the 10th, "typhoon near Bashee Channel moving NW-ward at present," and directions to hoist the Red Drum. Barometer falling. Fresh to strong NW wind. Weather: cloudy, hot and very dry. (Issued at 10.50 a.)

October 11th.-At 4 p. on the 10th, the following notice was issued: "typhoon approaching coast near Amoy," and at 9 p. directions to take down the Drum. Barometer rising. Moderate NW winds. Weather: cloudy, warm and very dry. (Issued at 10.37 a.)

October 12th. The following notice was issued at 4 p. on the 11th: "the typhoon has recurved and is now NE of Formosa." Barometer rising. Gradients very moderate for N winds. Weather: clear, warm and very dry. (Issued at 10.25 a.)

October 28th.-"Typhoon East of Bolinao." Bolinao. Gradients rather steep for N winds. October 29th.-The following notice was Luzon, apparently moving NWestward at present. hoist the Red Drum,

Barometer rising in southern China, falling at Weather: clear, warm and dry. Weather: clear, warm and dry. (Issued at 10.45 a.) issued at 8 a. on the 29th: "typhoon raging in northern Strong N gales in China Sea," and directions to

October 31st.-At 10.40 a. on the 30th, the have recurved near northern Luzon and to have down the Red Drum. Barometer rising slightly. warm and very dry. (Issued at 10.57 a.)

following notice was issued: "typhoon appears to moved NEward" and orders were given to take Gradients moderate for N winds. Weather: clear,

November 14th.-At 10.45 a. on the 13th, the following notice was issued: "there appears to be a depression in the China Sea East of Annam, moving Westward." Barometer almost steady. Gradients moderate for NE winds. Weather: overcast and cool with light rain. (Issued at 10.51 a.) November 20th.-Barometer steady in southern China, falling at Bolinao. Gradients rather steep for NE winds. Weather: cloudy, warm and rather dry. (Issued at 11.10 a.)

November 21st.-At 10.10 a. the following notice Barometer falling. Gradients rather steep for N winds. (Issued at 10.57 a.)

"

was issued: "typhoon East of Bolinao." Weather: cloudy, warm and rather dry.

November 22nd.-At 10.40 a. the following notice was issued: "the typhoon appears to be East of Bashee Channel, moving Northwards at present. Barometer falling. Moderate NW winds. Weather: clear, warm and rather dry. (Issued at 10.55 a.)

November 23rd.-At 4 p. on the 22nd, the following notice was issued: "typhoon in southern Formosa," and orders given to hoist the Red Drum. At 10.40 a. orders given to take down the Red Drum and the following notice issued: "typhoon has recurved and is moving NEward." Barometer rising. Light W winds. Weather: hot and settled fine. (Issued at 10.46 a.)

December 1st.--At 10.45 a. the following notice was Barometer steady. Gradients rather steep for NE winds. at 10.45 a.)

Sea."

+

issued: "Strong NE gales in China Sea." Weather: clear, cool and dry. (Issued

December 3rd.-The following notice was issued at 10.30 a.

Barometer almost steady. Gradients steep for NE winds. (Issued at 10.30 a.)

"NE gales continue in the China Weather: overcast, cold and damp.

405

17.

Appendix B.

THE TYPHOONS IN 1892.

By W. Doberck and F. G. Figg.

It appears that typhoons in the China Sea originate in elongated slight depressions, which some- times but rarely lie across the Philippines as well as the China Sea, but usually exist only over the sea. To the north of them it blows moderate NE breezes and south of them somewhat less strongly from the SW. The NE breezes reach generally only as far as northern Formosa in summer, but in autumn the NE (and farther north the NW) monsoon blows much farther north. Sometimes the SW breezes to the south of the axis of the depression are stronger than the NE breezes to the north of it, and extend apparently down to the equator and are probably a continuation of the SE trade. To the E of these depressions in the Philippines there are light S and SE breezes. In Annam it probably blows from the N. In summer these depressions begin with rising pressure in the interior of China. In autumn it seems the pressure rises slightly near the equator and SW winds extend gradually northward over the China Sea. In January and February depressions do not occur. During the rest of the year they occur about once a month on an average. During the summer months and in autumn they usually give rise to a typhoon or a small circular depression. The troughlike depression then ceases to exist. In spring they do not alter into typhoons but cease to exist owing to the NE monsoon filling them and spreading to the southward.

The depressions have their major axes lying E and W, or ENE and WSW. Their average latitude from June to September is 16° N, later more southerly, and in November perhaps 10° N. They do not appear to move at all, and they may be traced for 3 or 4 days. The barometer is read little more than a tenth of an inch lower in the axis than along the coasts all round them. Along these coasts light winds circulate against the hands of a watch. In such depressions the weather is squally and wet, and the wind variable,-frequently in heavy squalls with great downpour of rain, but thunder is seldom heard. It appears that in such squalls S wind happens to extend itself northwards and N wind south- wards, and revolving storms are thereby generated. If this occurs in the middle of the China Sea, it is likely to give rise to a typhoon. Of course, it more often happens that a circular storm originates near the E and W corner of the elongated depression as the winds there already revolve as in a rotary storm except to the W or E of the centre forming, so that the N or respectively S squalls need only gain ground on one side, but in such cases only minor circular depressions or very small typhoons are originated.

The heavy rain is, of course, not the cause of the phenomena, for the rain itself is caused by the air rising in the axis of these depressions, also the water vapour condensing gives out heat and thus in the first instance makes the mercury rise in the barometer before a squall, but there cannot be any doubt that the quantity of water-vapour condensed to form perhaps 10 inches of rain per day, and whose pressure is thus abstracted from the barometric pressure of the air, causes the permanency of the depressions. It is different with the rainfall in the SW monsoon. That is spread over a large area and does not give rise to a low pressure in one spot surrounded by higher pressures.

It is rather difficult to say whether a depression in the China Sea, when its existence has been ascertained, is a typhoon or only a minor disturbance, but if the indications explained in the "Law of Storms in the Eastern Seas" (Hongkong 1886) are observed exactly as laid down in the pamphlet, then it is certain to be a typhoon. A minor depression gives signs less well marked and more confused.

When the wind rises in a typhoon it blows in gusts and the mercury heaves in the barometer. When the wind has reached force 11 it blows in fierce squalls of sometimes from 10 to 15 minutes duration, while the mercury heaves up and down as much as a tenth of an inch. The mercury often gives a jump upwards as the wind begins to veer in a squall. Then it drops down and gives another jump upward as the wind comes back to nearly its old direction. During these squalls an enormous quantity of rain falls in a few minutes. The temperature falls and rises a fraction of a degree a more. The wind does not return to quite the former direction, except just in front of the centre. At the time when the centre is nearest, a fierce squall is usually felt and in that squall the direction of the wind changes considerably and the barometer begins to rise. The squalls appear to be caused by an up-and-down movement of the air. As the air comes rushing down, the raindrops tend to evaporate in the hotter stratum near the earth's surface and owing to the increased tension of water-vapour, the barometer (after a fall caused by the cold of evaporation) begins to rise. The wind veers towards the direction of the wind above, which latter is known from the motion of the clouds. Then the air starts to rise with a deluge of rain, caused by the condensation of vapour arriving at the cooler stratum above, while the barometer (after a rise caused by the heat of liquefaction) drops down owing to the cessation of the pressure of water-vapour condensed into the rain fallen, and the wind resumes the direction determined by the central depression; for the latter is so great in a typhoon and gradients so steep near the centre, that subsidiary depressions have never occurred in the China Sea.

Within 75 miles of the centre of a typhoon, or within 50 miles in case of a small typhoon, the angle between the direction towards which the wind is blowing and the direction in which the centre is

406

situated is 50° in the northern part of the The centre bears 12 points from the wind. the centre the wind does not blow in a circle canes elsewhere.

18

China Sea and in the southern part of the sea it is 40°. North of Formosa it bears 10 points from the wind. Near round the centre as is sometimes stated concerning hurri-

About on an average 150 miles from the centre the incurvature in front and in the dangerous semi-circle is 3 points, i.e. the centre bears 11 points from the wind. In the manageable semi-circle it is 4 points, i.e. the centre bears 12 points from the wind. In rear it is 5 points, i.e. the centre bears 13 points from the wind. It will be remarked that the wind blows across the path in front and helps a vessel to run across the path in front of the centre keeping the wind on the starboard quarter 3 points from the stern. In rear the wind blows more straight in towards the centre.

At places farther from the centre the wind's incurvature towards the centre is greater e.g. at a distance of 200 miles the centre bears on an average 13 points from the wind. At distances above 300 miles the centre bears about 15 points from the wind. On the weather maps the light winds at a dist- ance from the centre appear to blow almost straight towards the typhoon. It is only when the wind- velocity increases that the rotation of the earth and subsequently centrifugal force cause the air particles to deviate from the straight line from high to low pressure.

The prevailing wind carries the centre along with it and combines with the rotary storm causing the wind in the right-hand (the dangerous) semi-circle to be stronger and to blow more nearly round the centre, than in the left (the manageable) semi-circle, where the wind is more moderate and has greater

incurvature.

In the daily tables of observations made at noon at the stations the first column shows the readings of the barometer (corrected and reduced to sea level), the second column shows their change since noon on the previous day (+ means a rise, - a fall). The third and fourth columns show direction and force of wind, and the fifth the weather. In the observations made at noon and taken from ship logs the first column is the latitude, the second the longitude, the third the barometer reading (with all corrections applied as accurately as possible in each case), the fourth and fifth wind direction and force, and the sixth weather. The bearing of the ship and its distance in miles is sometimes given after the second column, and for the stations the same is sometimes given before the first column."

Plates I, II and III exhibit the paths of the typhoons in 1892 except the typhoon in the beginning of November in the Gulf of Siam. There were 21 in all. The positions of the centres are given at noon (local time) for the date marked. Where the curves are dotted, they are only approximately

correct.

Plate IV exhibits six figures. Figure 1 shows a typhoon from July 20th at noon to the 22nd at noon inclusive. The isobars for 29.20, 29.30, 29.40, and 29.50 are drawn. The wind-directions are shown by aid of continuous curves. The forces are shown in figures, and the direction of the motion of the centre is shown by a barbed arrow. Figure 2 shows a typhoon from August 16th at 9 p. to the 17th at 9 p. inclusive. The isobars for 29.30, 29.40, and 29.50 are drawn. Figure 3 shows a typhoon from September 6th at noon to the 8th at 6 a. inclusive. The isobars for 29.00, 29.10, 29.20, 29.30, and 29.40 are drawn. The motion of the centre is shown by a barbed arrow. The arrows in the lower part of the figure shows the directions of divergent winds. Figure 4 shows a typhoon from October 10th at 9 a. to the 11th at noon inclusive. There are no isobars in this figure. Figure 5 is a weather-map for noon of the 17th August. The isobars for 29.30, 29.40, 29.50, and 29.60 are drawn. The wind-direc- tions and forces observed on shore and on board ship are shown. The arrows fly with the wind. Figure 6 is a weather-map for noon on the 18th September. The isobars for 29.30, 29.40, 29.50, and 29.60 are drawn. The wind is shown the same as above. The top of the plate is N and the bottom is S. A scale of 100 miles is shown in figure 4. That applies to all the figures on plate IV.

LIST OF OBSERVING STATIONS.

Longi- Latitude

Station.

North.

tude East.

Station.

Latitude North.

Longi- tude East.

Station.

Latitude North.

Longi-

tude East.

Yuensan,

Taku,

Newchwang,

40° 35' 39 09 127 33 Ningpo,

122° 00'

Steep Island,

30° 12′

122° 36'

Lamocks,

23° 15'

117° 18'

29 58

121 44

Canton,

23 07

113 17

38 55 117 51

Kiukiang,

29 43

116 07

Anping,

22 59

120 13

Howki,

38 04

120 39 Wenchow,

28 00

120 35

Breaker Point,

22 56

116 28

Chefoo,

37 34

121 32 Foochow,

26 08

119 38

Takow,

22 36

120 16

Chemulpo,

37 29

126 37 Middle Dog,

25 58

119 02

Hongkong,.

22 18

114 10

N.E. Shantung Py,... 37 24

122 42 Turnabout,

25 26

119 59

South Cape,

21 55

120 51

Fusan,

35 05

129 06 | Tamsui,

25 10

121 25

Pakhoi,

21 29

109 06

Chinkiang,

32 12

119 30 |Keelung,

25 08

121 45

Haiphong,

20 52

106 40

Woosung,

31 35

121 27 Ockseu,

24 59

119 28

Hoihow,

20 03

110 20

Wuhu,

31 22

118 22 Amoy,

24 27

118 04

Bolinao,

16 24

119 55

North Saddle,

30 52

122 40

Hankow,

30 33

114 20

Ichang,

30 12 111 19

Chapel Island, Fisher Island, Swatow,.

24 10 118 13 23 33 23 20

Manila,

14 37

120 57

119 28 116 43

Cape St. James,

IO 20

107 04

19

JUNE.

407

On the 4th and 5th June, 1892, the barometer was falling generally on the China Coast and in Luzon and light to moderate SW winds were prevalent. On the 6th a recovery of pressure took place along the China Coast particularly in the North and the wind became chiefly NE light to strong breezes. Two vessels in the neighbourhood of the northern entrance of the Formosa Channel reported fresh NE gales. The weather was chiefly overcast on the South Coast with light rain at most stations and tem- perature had decreased. At Hongkong there had been a slight thunderstorm during the early morning hours. Vessels in the northern part of the China Sea had light variable winds and steady barometer. Farther South the S. S. Chingtu had a falling barometer and light SE breezes. The S. S. Ingraban had light variable airs, squally weather and swell. The S. S. Memnon still farther South had a steady barometer, fresh SW breeze and squally weather. At Cape St. James there was a strong SW breeze, squally weather and a swell.

The following are some of the observations for the 6th June at noon:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, South Cape,

.29.77

Hoihow,

.03 .81 + .01 .74 .01

SSW

NE ENE

Hongkong,

.78 + .03

E

Breaker Point,

.80 + .03

NE

Lamocks,

.82 + .05

NE

Chapel Island,

.85 + .09

N

Turnabout,

Steep Island,

.88 + .04 .96 + .11

NNE

NE

QQ CI 10 10 10 CO 10 00

5

C.

C.

0.

8

op.

od.

C.

op.

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Memnon, S.S. Chingtu, S.S. Ingraban, S.S. Rio,

.12° 18' 117° 09′

29.78

SW

q.

.......15 51 118 40

.67?

SE

C.

..16 02 110 13

.73

Var.

q.

swell.

..19 56 112 33

.77

S

2

S.S. Alwine,

...20 03 110 20

Var.

S.S. Choy Sang,.

at Matsou

.84

NNE

8

or.

Sch. Sea Swallow,

.24 40 118 56.

83

NE

7

It appears, therefore, that there was an area of deficient pressure across the China Sea, perhaps between the parallels of 14° and 18° N where the barometer was falling and light variable winds pre- vailed. On the Northern side of this area NE light to strong breezes were blowing and on the Southern side fresh SW breezes. Probably a disturbance was forming at this time.

Towards evening on the SE coast, the barometer commenced to fall, the weather was wet generally and fresh NE breezes continued. At Hoihow there were heavy NE squalls with thunder and lightning. At Hongkong heavy rain was falling, the lower clouds coming from East. North of Foochow it was dry, but cloudy.

On the 7th June the barometer was still falling slowly on the SE coast and much the same wind and weather prevailed as on the previous evening except that the rain was less heavy. The barometer was also falling in Luzon with light S breezes and cloudy weather. At Cape St. James there was a strong SW breeze. Those vessels in the neighbourhood of Hainan were experiencing N to NE moderate gales with rain squalls and high sea. The S. S. Rio farther South had SŴ to NW moderate breezes and showery weather.

Conditions were almost unchanged during the latter part of the day. Observations at noon on the 7th June:-

Bolinao, South Cape,

COAST STATIONS.

...29.73

Hoihow,

.04 .75 .00 .68 .06

$

C.

NNE

4

C.

NNE

C.

Hongkong,

.74 .04

E

0.

Breaker Point,

.77

.03

NE

op.

Lamocks,

.77 .05

NNE

om.

Chapel Island,

.80 .05

NE

od.

Turnabout,

.86

.02

N

od.

Steep Island,

.96

00

E

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Nizam,

7° 32′ 108° 20′

29.82

SSW

2

r.

S.S. Memnon,

9 07 116 58

.74

SW

cross sea.

S.S. Presto,

17 54 107 58

.71

N/W

6

or

high sea.

S.S. Ingraban,

19 14 112 05

.68

NNE

S.S. Alwine,

20 21 110 55

.62

NE

8

S.S. Rio,

16 01 110 28

.65

W

4

op.

408

20

On the 8th June the weather on the SE coast had improved somewhat, there was no rain and it was less cloudy on the whole. The barometer was, however, falling slightly and NE light to moderate breezes prevailed. In Hoihow the barometer was rising and fresh NE breezes were blowing, weather cloudy. In Luzon the barometer was falling with light S breezes and overcast weather. At Cape St. James the weather was squally with a strong W breeze. Vessels in the China Sea to the East of Cochin China and Annam had moderate to fresh W and SW breezes while those to the NE of Hainan and South of Hongkong had fresh breezes to moderate gales from the NE with cloudy squally weather.

The following observations are for noon of June 8th:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, South Cape,

..29.71

.72 .03

.02

SE

2 0.

P

NNE

Hoihow,

.72 + .04

NE

Hongkong,

.73 .01

E

3

Breaker Point,

.76

.02

NE

5

ó ó ó ó ó

0.

C.

C.

C.

Lamocks,

.74

.03

NE

cm.

Chapel Island,

.73

.07 ?

NE

4

C.

Turnabout,

.85

.01

NNE

4

om.

Steep Island,

.92

.04

NEE

3

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Cheang Chew, S.S. Nizam,

10° 28′ 109° 25'

WSW

S.S. Donar,

.11 3 110 46

.11 42 109 16

29.70

SW

.70

W

S.S. Venetia,

.19 46 114 32

.67

NE

S.S. Alwine,

.21 5 112 31

.66

NE

S.S. Ingraban,

.21 37 113 25

.72

NE

a ~ ~ co if C

5

b.

4

0.

3

5

0.

7

6

38

high sea. swell, high sea.

The Venetia at 8 p.m. in 18° 23', 114° 12′ had barometer (29.61) falling, NE 4, and rain squalls. The Nizam steering about NNE had at midnight WSW 4, barometer 29.71 confused swell from NW and SW and lightning was noted in the NE.

It appears that on the 7th and 8th there was no well defined centre, but a diffused depression existing around the position 16° to 17° N and 115° E.

By noon on the 9th June a great change may be remarked. The barometer had fallen very considerably at Bolinao and at S. Cape; less so on the SE coast while it was rising in Hainan and the Gulf of Tongking. The wind had again freshened from the NE in Southern China. In Northern Luzon light SE breezes blew. Weather was cloudy for the most part, and it was raining at S. Cape. In Hoihow the sky had cleared. At Hongkong the direction of the lower clouds which had been from E on the 8th backed to NE on the morning of the 9th. The centre of Typhoon I. was perhaps in 18°, 117° moving NEward at noon on June 9th.

The observations for June 9th at noon were as follows (the approximate bearing and distance in miles of the observer seen from the centre is added after the name of the station or the place of the vessel):-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

Hoilow,

SE

WNW 400

200

29.63 .08 .76 + .04

SE

0.

NE

3

b.

Hongkong,

NNW 300

.70 .03

A

Ε

1

C.

Breaker Point,

N

300

.70

.05

NE

5

C.

South Cape,

NE

330

.64

A

.08

NNE

3

or.

Lamocks,...

N

310

.71

.03

NNE

5

cm.

Chapel Island,

N

350

.71

.02

NE

6

C.

Turnabout,

NNE

500

.79 .0.5

N

6

om.

Steep Island,

NNE

950

.91

.01

NE

2

b.

VESSELS.

S.S. Cheang Chew,..

S.S. Donar,....

S.S. Nizam,...

S.S. Venetia,

WSW 450

WSW 450

SW 300

WSW 250

14° 5'

·14 45

14 53

16 3

110° 20'

110 16

112 57

29.60

W

.71?

NW

swell.

.61

113 24

.64

WSW NW

fine.

3 0.

cross sea.

S.S. Zafiro,.

SE

180

16 0

119 0

.61

SW

4

or.

S.S. Sungkiang,

N

300

23 5 116 44

.71

NE

0.

S.S. Esmeralda,

N

300

Breaker Point

ENE

5

21

409

During the evening the barometer continued to rise slowly in Hainan with light variable airs and fine weather. At Hongkong the barometer was steady with E 2 and cloudy sky. The lighthouses in the Formosa Channel had strong NE breezes and in some instances a moderate gale, weather cloudy and barometer steady.

In Southern Formosa, the barometer was falling moderately fast (S. Cape 200 miles NE of centre at midnight, 29.60) with NE 5 overcast sky and at S. Cape drizzling rain. At Bolinao, 180 miles SE of centre, the barometer (at 9 p. 29.58) was falling, the wind SSE 2 with heavy rain. The lower clouds came from SE.

The S. S. Zafiro steering about NW by N had the wind veering from SW 4 at noon, to NW 6 at 10 p.m. with high confused sea and squally weather. The barometer fell 0.11 between noon and midnight and at the latter hour read 29.50. On the 10th at 4 a. she had the barometer lowest (29.45) with N 6, rain squalls and a high sea. Her complete log for the 9th to 11th is appended. The centre appears to have crossed in front of her course about noon on the 9th. The Venetia was at midnight on the 9th in 13° 46', 112° 34', (SW 400) the barometer was rising (29.69) wind W 4 and weather wet with thunder and lightning. H.M.S. Porpoise at anchor in Manila Bay had SW 4 and wet squally weather during the afternoon and evening.

On the 10th June the barometer was still falling at all stations in the neighbourhood of the Formosa Channel particularly at S. Cape. Winds were chiefly NE light to strong breezes with cloudy squally weather and rain in S. Formosa. In Hongkong and to the Westward the barometer was steady and light airs were prevalent. At Bolinao there were light S breezes with wet weather and a rising barometer. At sea, South East of Hainan, light to moderate N breezes prevailed with high sea and swell and in the district to the East of Annam moderate SW breezes with squally weather. The Zafiro about 120 miles West of the centre had NNW 6, wet squally weather and heavy sea. The barometer was rising as she was then steering away from the depression. The centre at noon on the 10th was in 1910, 119°.

Observations for the 10th June at noon:

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

South Cape,

NE

SSE 200

170

29.64 + .01

S

or.

.59 .05

NNE

od.

Hoihow,

WNW 500

.76

.00

NNE

2

C.

Hongkong,

NW

350

.70

.00

WSW

C.

Breaker Point,

NW

250

.70

.00

NE

3

cm.

Lamocks,

NNW

250

.68

.03

NNE

C.

Chapel Island,

NNW

300

.67

.04

N

C.

Turnabout,

N

350

.78

.01

NNE

8

cm.

Steep Island,

NNE

650

.91

.00

NE

3

b.

VESSELS.

S.S. ·Teucer,

SW

750

S.S.

Venetia,

SW 600

S.S. Kong Beng, S.S. Yiksang,

SW 700

H.M.S. Porpoise,

S.S. Don Juan,....

S.S. Cheang Chew,

SSE 300 SSE 300 S 170 WSW 500

11o 6' 12 35 111 43

12 49 109 32 outside Manila

109° 48′

SW

3 fine.

29.71

W

4 pg.

.72

S

4 fine.

.73

SSW

Manila Bay

.74

SW

0.

high cross sea.

16 36

119 13

.78

var.

...

17 17

110 59

.64?

N

3 fine.

S.S. Donar,

WSW 370

17 39

111 11

.70

N

4 N swell.

SS. Nizam,

WSW 300

S.S. Zafiro,

W 120 NW 250

18 5

19 17 22 55 116 31

114 2

.62

+

117 2

.56

.65

S.S. Paoting,................

NNE

NNW

5 fine; high NE sea.

6 orq. high sea, ENE 5 0.

At Hongkong during the evening the barometer was rising slightly with light variable airs and fine but cloudy weather. The lower clouds came from NNE, but the direction of the upper (c-str) clouds could not be obtained. At the stations on the SE coast the barometer was steady with light to moderate NE breezes and cloudy weather. At the lighthouse stations in the Formosa Channel, it was blowing a moderate to fresh NE gale with cloudy weather. At some stations north of the Channel the barometer was rising slightly with light winds and fine weather. At S. Cape (at 9 p. NE 120) the barometer showed a rise (at 9 p. 29.63), wind NE 4 with rain squalls. At Bolinao (§ 270) the barometer was rising, wind S 2 with rain at 4 p.m. and the lower clouds from SW.

The Sungkiang at midnight (NNW 90 miles) in about 22°, 119° had strong NE wind overcast weather, high sea and barometer (29.71) falling rapidly. She was bound southward having left Amoy for Manila in the morning and was advancing almost directly towards the centre. The Esmeralda which left Amoy for Manila at 4 p.m. had at midnight NE 6, high sea, barometer falling rapidly, (reading uncertain). The Zafiro had the barometer rising during the evening (29.66 at 8 p.) with N 4 and heavy sea. The Yiksang in 15°, 120° at 8 p.m. had the barometer slightly rising (29.75), SW 6 and high sea. The Paoting proceeding ENE from her noon position had at midnight ENE 6 overcast sky and barometer (29.72) falling. The Nizam proceeding Northwards had NNE 5 at midnight, high but decreasing sea barometer (29.65) rising.

410

22

On the 11th June the barometer was slowly rising at Hongkong, there was a light W air and the sky was partially clouded. The lower clouds came from W. At Hoihow the barometer was also rising with light variable airs and fine weather. On the SE coast and at the stations in the Formosa Channel the barometer had fallen a little for the most part and farther north the fall was more decided. In the Channel the NE winds had for this reason decreased somewhat in force. The weather was chiefly overcast. At the Formosa stations there had been on an average a slight increase of pressure since noon of the previous day, but the weather had become very wet and squally at Anping and Fisher Island as well as at S. Cape.

From the log of the Sungkiang, which is annexed, it will be seen that during the early morning hours the barometer was falling quickly and the wind increasing in force (at 6 a.m. NË 7). An attempt to heave the ship to at this time met with failure. After the direction backed gradually still increasing in force, at 8 a.m. a strong N gale was experienced with the lowest reading of the barometer shortly after (at 8.30 a.m. 29.26). The barometer rose slightly during the following two hours (at 10 a. 29.29) and the wind backed to NW by N force 9. There was heavy rain and high confused sea. Later the barometer rose quickly, (at 2 p.m. 29.56) and the wind continued to back towards W at the same time decreasing in force. The centre must have been within 30 miles to the E of the ship's position at 9 a.m. and was at the time moving NNEward.

The Esmeralda was hove to some time during the early morning, the barometer falling rapidly and the NE wind increasing in force. At 7 a.m. she was estimated to be in 22°02′, 118°38' or about NW/W 80 miles from the centre. At 8 a.m. she had a NNE gale with heavy rain squalls and swell. The main trysail was set to steady the ship. The lowest reading of the barometer was registered at this. time but as two barometers were read and entered in the log the readings cannot be made use of. The barometer had risen at noon but the wind continued a NNĚ gale with thick rainy weather. At 4 p.m. the wind backed to N and moderated and the vessel was put on her course to the Southward. At noon this vessel was about 90 miles NW by W of the centre. The Yiksang and Porpoise, off the coast of Luzon to the West of Bolinao, had rising barometer, moderate to strong SW breezes, squally weather with thunder and lightning. They were just over 250 miles SSW of the centre.

On the 11th at noon the centre was in 21°30', 119°15'. The depression had increased much in intensity during the previous 24 hours and at the centre there was now a pressure of at least 0.5 inch below the normal.

The following are the noon observations for the 11th June:--

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, South Cape,

S

300

29.77 + .13

SE

2

0.

ENE

90

.66 + .07

ESE

4

or.

Anping,

NE

90

.63 + .05

NNE

3

0.

Fisher Island,........

N

120

.66 + .03

NNE

6

omg.

Hoihow,

W

520

.76 .00

var.

1

b.

Hongkong,

W

250

.73 + .03

WSW

1

0.

Breaker Point,

WNW

170

.70

.00

NE

3

C.

Lamocks,

NW

150

.68

.00

NE

5

cm.

Chapel Island,

NNW

170

.65

.02

NNE

6.

C.

Turnabout, ...........

N

220

.76

.02

N

7

om.

Steep Island,

NNE

520

.87

<

.04

ES

2

C.

VESSELS.

H.M.S. Porpoise,

SSW 250

17° 0'

118° 5'

29.71

SW

4

c. N swell.

S.S. Yiksang,

SSW 250

17 6

118 17

.77

SSW

5

ogrlt.

S.S. Kriemhild,.

WSW 500

17 52

111 39

.75

S

S.S. Donar,

WSW 350

20 4

112 50

.74

N

S.S. Nizam,

W 280

21 42

114 9

.69

W

S.S. Zafiro,

W 160

20 53

116 20

.68

NNW

4

S.S. Sungkiang,

SW

60

20 58

118 46

S.S. Esmeralda,

(7a. 22

2

118 38)

NW NNE

S.S. Paoting,.......

NW

160 23 58

117 51

.65

་ ....

WSW swell.

moderate sea. increasing swell.

c. high sea.

r. wind and sea decreasing.

r. blowing a gale.

NE/E 5 0.

During the evening of the 11th the barometer was steady at Hongkong with light SW to W airs and cloudy weather. At the stations on the SE coast the barometer was almost steady and the winds were chiefly light NE airs with cloudy weather. At Lamocks at 9 p.m. the barometer read 29.72 with NE 3 cloudy. At the lighthouses towards the Northern part of the Formosa Channel it was blowing from NNE a strong breeze to moderate gale, the barometer was falling and the sky clouded. In N Formosa the barometer was falling with light airs and calms at Keelung and passing showers.

The sky

At Fisher Is., Anping, Takow, and S. Cape the barometer was falling sharply. At Fisher Is. at 9 p.m. 29.61 NE 7. At Anping 29.60 NE 4. At Takow 29.59 SE 2. At S. Cape. 29.61 S 7. was overcast with drizzling rain at Fisher Is., rain at Takow, showery and squally at S. Cape. At the latter station the wind had gradually veered since morning and increased in force. At Anping there was a heavy WSW swell.

23

411

On the 12th June at Takow the barometer attained the lowest reading (29.27) at 2.30 a.m. It had been falling rapidly during the past few hours. At 3 a.m. it also read 29.27 but by 4 a.m. it had risen rapidly (29.45). Unfortunately the wind and weather were not noted, the remark beside the hourly readings of the barometer being merely "Typhoon from NE". Anping had at 3 a.m. N 9 barometer 29.46 with gloomy sky. The lowest reading was at 4 a.m. 29.43 with the wind backing. At 9 a.m. the wind had backed as far as WNW 6 rain was falling and the barometer had risen to 29.74. At this time Takow had 29.74 NW 5 and rain. S. Cape had the lowest barometer reading (29.57) at 3 a.m. with SSW 8 and rain squalls. The wind gradually veered to WNW at noon and blew a fresh gale the whole time with rain squalls, barometer at 9 a.m. 29.69. At the Lamocks the lowest barometer was at 3 a.m. (29.67) with W 2 and sky partially clouded. Later the wind became SW 2. On the SE coast the barometer was almost steady with light S and SW airs and fine weather for the most part. The barometer had further fallen at Keelung (reading doubtful) and at the lighthouse stations at the N entrance to the Channel. At the former station the weather was wet and squally with a light NW air increasing to a moderate breeze at noon. Tamsui, a few miles distant from Keelung, had gentle to strong SW breeze during the middle of the day. Southerly winds were spreading quickly Northwards to the East coast where the barometer was falling considerably. In N Luzon light to moderate S and SW breezes with rising barometer prevailed.

The only vessel in the vicinity of the depression was the S.S. Paoting. She was at noon on the 11th in 23°58′, 117°51' bound for Anping, and at midnight had a strong NNE breeze and heavy sea barometer 29.55. At 4 a.m. on the 12th she had a fresh NNW gale increasing, with heavy S sea barometer 29.46 and at this time the ship was "turned back for shelter." It is estimated that she was then within 50 miles WNW of the centre.

The Yiksang and Porpoise had the wind veering as they proceeded NWward, and during the morning they had W and NW light airs and breezes; the weather was fine but there was a heavy Northerly swell.

Observations for the 12th June at noon:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

SSW 420

29.83 + .06

S

Hongkong,

WSW

450

.74 + .01

WSW

Breaker Point,

W

320

.69 + .01

SW

C & N

2

C.

2

b.

Lamocks,...

W

270

.73 + .05

SW

South Cape,

SW

90

.68 + .03

WNW

Takow,

WSW

90

.75 + .13

N

3

C.

cm.

omd.

rg.

Anping,

W

90

.75 + .12

WNW

3

T.

Fisher Island,..

WNW

140

.73 +.07

SW

2

cm.

Chapel Island,

WNW 220

.67 + .02

S

3

C.

Turnabout,

NW 180

.69 .07

WNW

3

om.

Tamsui,

NNW 120

.68 + .01

SW

C.

Keelung,

Steep Island,

NNW

N

120

.59 .14?

NW

4

od.

420

.72 .15

SE

1

c.

VESSELS,

S.S. Sungkiang,

SSW

S.S. Esmeralda,

SW

380 17° 11' 119° 42′ 29.81

300 19 0 119 10.

S

5

S

1

S.S. Yiksang,

SW

H.M.S. Porpoise,

WSW

360 19 52

290 20 22

116 15

.85

W

2 C.

high N swell.

115 38

.75

SW

2 c.

99

S.S. General Werder,... WSW

S.S. Paoting,

S.S. Woosung,

WNW

NW

360 22 26

140 23 35 119 39

170 24 37 119 32

115 23

.73

SW

1

b.

high E swell.

.69

SSW

3

0.

-

.65

SW

3

0.

The centre passed almost over Takow about 3 a.m. moving Eastwards and crossed Formosa during the morning. At noon it was perhaps in 23,° 122°.

During the afternoon and evening the barometer rose at the S. Formosa stations, and at Takow and Anping winds became light variable airs. At S. Cape the wind continued to blow from about W a moderate breeze during the evening. The weather improved at all these stations. At Keelung the barometer was rising with fine weather and light NW air.

The depression cannot be traced after the 12th but it probably moved NEward in the Pacific. No observations to the Eastward of Formosa are available, this portion of the Pacific being out of the regular track of vessels and this is at all times a great drawback in the investigation of typhoons passing in the neighbourhood of Formosa.

12th June

11th June

412

24

The depression appears to have been forming between the 6th and 8th and it was not until the 9th that it attained to any considerable development. The diameter of the inner area, ie., area of strong winds and a considerably diminished pressure, was at all times very small and the depression at the centre scarcely exceeded 0.5 inch. It has been already shown (comp. "Law of Storms in the Eastern Seas" by W. Doberck) that strong NE winds blow in the Formosa Channel while a typhoon is yet at a considerable distance to the SWestward and in this depression this was again noticed to be the case. sea there was thunder and lightning to the S and SW of the centre. Takow had the greatest rainfall, 8.30 inches, which fell during the 24 hours previous to 9 a.m. on the 12th.

Detailed observations:-

At

COAST STATIONS.

S. Cape.

Takow.

3a.

Bar. Temp. Wind. Weather Rainfall Bar. Temp. 29.63 78 ENE 5 or

Wind Weather Bainfall

6a.

.63 78 E 4 or

9a.

noon

.66 80 ESE

.66 79 ENE 5 o

4 or

2.53 29.65 79 NNW 1r

0.26

3p.

.59 81 SE

5 oq

.60 78 NE 4 r

.66 79 calm

ogp 0.04

.60 77 NNE 5 o

6p.

.60 80

S

6 p

9p.

.61 79

S

7 09

.59 77 SE 2 r

I midt.

.59 77 S

8 rq

.47

3a.

.57 76 SSW 8 rq

6a.

9a.

noon

.65 76 WSW 8 rq

.69 78 WNW 8 od

.69 76 WNW 8 rq_4.64

74 76 NW 5 r

.27 Typhoon from NE .65

8.30

.60 76 NE 40

.46 76 N 9 g

Anping.

Bar. Temp. Wind Weather Rainfall 29.61 75 NE 20

Fisher Island.

Bar. Temp. Wind Weather Rainfall

29.63 73 NNE 6 cmg

.59 74 NNE 6 cmg

.64 75 NNE 6 omg 0.00 .66 75 NNE 6 omg .65 73 NE 6 orq .59 73 NE 6 omd .60 73 NE 7 om .56 72 NE 8 omg .53 72 NNW 8 omq

.59 73 NW 8 omq

74 77 WNW 6 r

1.89

.72 75 .73 76

3p.

.70 78 WNW 7 o

.76 78 NE 1g

6p.

.71 78 W 4 0

9p.

midt.

.73 78 WNW 4 cq .74 78 WSW 4 c

.77 76 NE 1 c

.79 77

.76 80 calm

S

0

W

4 cm SW 2 cm

.69 78 SW 3 cm

0.40

.68 77 SSE 3 cm

1 c

.72 77 SSE 4 cm

.73 77 SSE 3 cm

VESSELS.

S.S. SUNGKIANG.

June 10 midt. 120 miles S 9° E of Chapel Island. 29.71

NE

high sea.

11 2a.

.64

NE

""

.56

NE

4a.

"

.51

NE

7

6a.

35

tried to heave to, but could not.

N

9 or

8a.

""

8.30a.

.26

""

10a.

.29 NW N 9

noon 20° 58' 1180

46'

NW

irregular sea.

heavy rain, wind and sea decreasing.

.56 WNW

2p.

4p.

.64 WNW 5

nasty sea.

.66 WNW

6p.

8p.

10p.

.71 W

.77 W

5 0

cross sea.

midt.

.79

SW

12 noon

17° 11' 119° 42'

S.S. ESMERALDA.

.81

5 op

S swell.

moderate S sea.

June 10 4p.

left Amoy for Manila.

NE

Sp.

high sea ship rolling heavily.

11

midt.

NE

6

53

وو

42.

NE

6 oq heavy swell

"

7a.

22° 02' 118° 38'

NNE

8a.

NNE

I

noon

4p.

N

NW

blowing a gale, main trysail set, drifting WNW.

thick, rainy.

shift of wind to N and moderating put ship head to southward,

barometer rising gradually.

7p.

9p.

10p.

var.

W

WSW

midt.

12 noon

19°

0' 119°

10'

S I

25

S.S. YIKSANG.

413

June 10 noon midt.

left Manila for Hongkong

29.75

11 4a.

SW 50 .70 SSW 6

high following sea.

8a.

.75 SSW 5 0

noon

17° 6' 118°

17'

.77 SSW 5

frequent squalls of heavy rain, thunder and lightning.

similar weather.

.73 SW 5

4p.

heavy N swell.

8p.

.80 WNW 5

.85 WNW 3;b

midt.

99

12 4a.

.81 NW 2

"}

8a.

.85 var.

2 b

>"

noon 19°

52'

116°

15'

.85

W

""

June 9 noon (16°

0'

119°

0') ?29.61

4p.

8p.

midt.

10 4a.

8a.

S.S. ZAFIRO.

SW 4 or

.52 SW 5 or

.50 WNW 4

.50 NNW 5 q .45 N 6 orq .52 NW/N 6

slight N swell. high confused sea. high sea.

"9

noon

19° 17' 117° 2'

.56 NNW 6

57

4p.

.56 NNW 5

heavy sea.

8p.

11

48.

8a.

noon 20° 53'

116° 20'

95

5

""

4.c

high sea.

S.S. PAUTING.

June 10 noon

22°

55'

116° 31'

29.65 ENE 5 o head sea.

midt.

.67 ENE 6 oq

.66 NNW 3

.62 N 5 op .66 N .68 N

11 noon 23° 58' 117° 51'

midt.

12 4a.

8a.

noon Ponghou harbour (Pesca-

dores).

.65 NEE 5 0

.55 NNE 6

.46 NNW 8 .67 NW/N .69 SSW 3 0

hazy, heavy sea, ship rolling heavily.

wind increasing; heavy S sea; turned back for shelter.

After the 12th of June SW winds light to moderate in force prevailed in Southern China, but the barometer was falling again on the 13th and 14th. There was, however, on the 15th a rise at the stations north of the S entrance to the Formosa Channel, but moderate S and SW breezes blew over the entire coast between Pakhoi and Foochow until the evening. At Hongkong the barometer was steady and there was a fresh SW breeze during the day. Later the wind fell light and the direction became SE for a few hours. At this time heavy rain with thunder and lightning commenced, the clouds coming from SW. Winds in the N part of the Formosa Channel had become NE 4.

On the 16th heavy rains with thunderstorms spread over the entire SE coast lasting until the 20th. There appears to have been a trough of slightly low pressure moving up from the southward, to the N of which, the wind was NE and E and in the rear SW on an average. After the passage northwards of this area of slightly diminished pressure SW winds became general over the greater part of the coast and the rains ceased.

The greatest fall for the periods stated in the table given below was received at Hongkong (23.7 inches). Pakhoi, which has rather high land to the eastward, had somewhat less. Hoihow, on the N coast of Hainan, was the exception to the general rainfall though the weather was very squally with threatening rainy appearance. The mountainous district to the southward may account for this. The fall diminished greatly in amount at the stations on the SE coast in the Formosa Channel and in Formosa, -with the exception of Fisher Island (21.6 inches) an exposed situation near the S entrance to the Channel-and appears to have ceased entirely a little to the northward of Foochow. S. Cape received a

small amount as compared with other districts:-

very

Period.

Pakhoi, Hoihow,

Period.

ins. .....June 16-19, inclusive 17.6

15-19,

nil.

""

Hongkong,

15-19,

23.7

""

ins. Fisher Island,.........June 16-20, inclusive 21.6 Chapel Island,

16-21, Amoy,

16-21,

7.3

""

3.9

"

">

Canton,

15-19,

وو

Breaker Point,

16-21,

""

""

""

7.4

Ockseu,

16-21,

7.2

""

""

16.4

Turnabout,

16-20,

6.9

""

""

>>

Swatow,

16-21,

9.8

Middle Dog,

16-20,

8.7

22

""

""

Lamocks,....

16-21,

6.8

Foochow,

16-20,

5.4

""

"J

"">

""

South Cape,

15-20,

1.2

""

>>

Takow,

15-20,

10.0

""

""

Tamsui, Keelung,

16-20,

7.0

""

"

وو

16-20,

12.2

"

Anping,

15-20,

9.3

39

""

414

26

After the 20th June SW winds blew more or less steadily on the China Coast and in the China Sea until the 25th when there was a tendency for winds to become more easterly with falling barometer on the SE Coast. In Luzon the fall in the barometer was more marked. At Manila, the wind was NNE 1 with drizzling rain. Vessels in the northern part of the China Sea had mostly SE light and moderatə breezes with the direction backing. The S. S. Amicitia was bound from Iloilo to Hongkong and on the evening of the 24th experienced a moderate NW breeze with wet squally weather and barometer (at midnight 29.81) falling. On the 25th she had N and NW fresh breezes, barometer at midnight 29.73. The weather was improving. There may possibly have been a depression in about 12°, 121°, but this is

very uncertain.

Observations for the 25th June at noon:-

COAST STATIONS.

Manila, Bolinao,

.29.77 .06

NNE

1 0.

.78 .05

var.

2

b.

South Cape,.

.83

.06

NE

C.

Hoihow,

.74

.05

ENE

oltq.

Hongkong,

.82 .00

S

1

C.

Breaker Point,

.82

.01

SSE

2

C.

Lamocks,...

Turnabout,

.84 .01

SSE

C.

.86

.02

SW

1

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Devawongse,

.12° 13'

109° 24' 29.82

NE

S.S. Amicitia,.

15 0

119 9

.77

N

S.S. Thibet,

.15 44 113 2

.83

E

Bk. Nicoya,

.16 47

113 13

var.

S.S. Memnon,

.19 32

115 2

.79

SSE

.....

Sh. Sterling,

.19 48

121 27

Sh. Belle of Bath, .........21 34

113 58

ESE

30

001 200 10

2

b.

88

0.

b.

fine.

2

b.

On the 26th June in the northern part of the China Sea and on the S Coast the wind was chiefly light E airs and breezes, the weather cloudy but fine and the barometer showed a slight rise for the most part since noon of the previous day. At Cape St. James, there was a NW gentle breeze. On the SW coast of Luzon light to fresh SE breezes prevailed with overcast skies and rising barometer.

The following information is from the log books of the Memnon and Picciola:-

S.S. MEMNON.

June 26

Noon 15° 42′ 6 p. S 15° E

116° 2′ 29.76

57 miles .71

...

8 p.

- 9.5

.71

NW

19

.70

WNW

""

19

.68

W

"">

9.8

.66

W/S

"2

9.8

.65

WSW

""

3 a.

9.8

.63

SW

27

10 p. Midt.

1 a.

2 a.

""

35

وو

::

4 a.

9.5

.67

SSW

6 a.

19

.70

SW

...

""

8 a.

19

.76

SW

...

Noon 12° 29′ 117° 14′

.76

SW

Light variable breeze sky overcast. Sky densely overcast.

Moderate breeze lightning NW and SE. Wind increasing with occasional squalls.

Incessant lightning with heavy rain and strong squalls. Wind increasing, sea comparatively smooth, lightning

all round.

Squalls more frequent and heavier.

Moderate gale with very heavy squalls lasting about 15 minutes. Lightning appeared to be close to and all round the vessel, thunder one continuous roll, very little sea.

Weather improving, squalls less frequent and severe. Moderate breeze SW steady.

Clear weather with moderate breeze, heavy bank of

clouds to N and NW.

Fine weather with moderate breeze.

S.S. PICCIOLA.

June 26

Noon 15° 21′ 118° 54′ 29.74

SE

5

0.

4 p.

.70

SE

6 orq.

High wild sea.

8 p.

.69

SE

8 orq.

Increasing sea.

27

4 a.

.76

SSE

6 org.

Sea decreasing.

Noon 13° 27' 120° 12'

...

.76

S

3

Fine.

4 p.

The Amicitia at midnight had E 5, (barometer 29.77), the Nicoya NE 2, and clear weather. Both vessels were steering to the North.

The centre at noon on the 26th June may have been in about 13 118°3. At 8 p.m. it was in 14° 118° moving WNWard, the Picciola being at the time about 90 miles to the Eastward and the Memnon about the same distance to the Westward of the centre. It was approaching but passing to

Northward of the Memnon.

27

The following are the noon observations for the 26th:-

415

COAST STATIONS.

Pt. Santiago,

Manila,

ENE

120 29.82

NE

140

.81+.04

SSE ESE

Bolinao,

NNE

180

.77-.01

SE

S. Cape,

NNE

530

.84+.01

NE

Hoihow,

NW

650

.81+.07

ESE

Hongkong,

NW/N

580

.84+.02

E

Breaker Pt,

NNW

600

.85+.03

NE

Lamocks,....

N/W

600

.86+.02

ENE

10 N N 00 00 — pad

5

0.

cm.

2 C.

2

C.

3

0.

3

0.

1

C.

1

C.

Turnabout,

N

700

.87+.01

WSW

1

VESSELS.

S.S. Aglaia,

.10° 49'

109° 10'

WSW

580

29.79

N

S.S. Kiel,

.14 27

110 12

W/N

500

N

S.S. Lightning,

.15 29

112 43

WNW

380

.84

SW

S.S. Picciola,

.15 21

118

54

N

120

.74

SE

S.S. Memnon,

..15 42

116

2

NW

210

.76

var.

Bq. Nicoya,

..17

10

114 20

NW

330

N

3225 N N

b.

b.

Öö

clear.

S.S. Amicitia,

...17 44

117 14

NNW

270

.74

calm

Sh. Sterling,

.19 20

118 38

N

350

ESE

b. C. fine.

S.S. Thibet,

.19 50

113 44

NW

480

.81

NNE

S.S. Esmeralda,.

.22 39 115 15

NNW

550

ENE

WN

2 0.

3

fine.

At the stations in S. China on the 27th June fine weather and light E breezes chiefly prevailed, the barometer being almost steady. In SW Luzon the barometer had risen somewhat since the previous day and the weather was fine with light to moderate SE breezes. The Memnon now had a moderate SW breeze and fine weather, and the Picciola light S breezes barometer at 4 p. 29.76, weather fine. In the district of the China Sea to the south of Hongkong several vessels had E to NE moderate breezes. The barque Nicoya and ship Sterling had squally showery weather. To the East of Annam light variable airs and calms prevailed. The Kiel and Electra had light N breezes and the barometer had fallen slightly since the previous day.

There was a distinct cyclonic circulation of winds around the centre of the China Sea, but not well marked on the western side, and possibly the central area of depression may have been in about 15°, 116°. No ship log has been received within 200 miles of this position.

Observations for 27th June at noon:-

Pt. Santiago, Manila, .......

Bolinao, S. Cape, Hoihow,

Hongkong, Breaker Pt.,

3 Å 3 3 3 3 6 3 8

om.

29.83+.01 .81 .00 .80+.03 .84 .00

ESE

4

C.

SE

2

b.

S

C.

NE

C.

.81 .00

ENE

.83-.01

E

.82-.03

NE

2

Lamocks,..

.86 .00

calm

Turnabout,

.85 .02

var.

om.

VESSELS.

S.S. Lightning,

.11° 52'

S.S. Memnon,

12 29

110° 43' 117 14

29.79

SW

3

b.

.76

SW

4

fine.

S.S. Picciola,

.13 27

120 12 (4p. .76

S

3)

fine.

S.S. Rio,

.15 25

110 11

.78

SE

1

S.S. Electra,

.15 30

113

.86

N

3

S.S. Aglaia,

.15 3

110 22

.76

calm

b.

S.S. Holstein,

.16 41

110 23

.80

var.

fine.

Bq. Nicoya,

.18 47

113 50

E

4

q.

Sh. Sterling,

.19 6

116 41

ENE

4

p. heavy showers.

S.S. Devawongse,

.20 13

112 34

.82

NE

b.

S.S. Amicitia,

.20 26

115 44

.77

ESE

3

On the 28th June the barometer had fallen slightly in S. China since the previous day. Light E iars and breeze prevailed with cloudy and in some cases showery weather. At Hongkong the weather was showery with thunder and lightning. During the two previous days c-str and c-cum clouds had been observed coming from N, the lower clouds were from E and ESE. In Luzon there was a slight increase of pressure with light variable airs and breezes and fine weather. To the East of Cochin China several vessels had light Sairs and calms with fine weather. To the SE of Hainan moderate to strong NE breezes with squally weather prevailed. West of the Bashee Channel light to moderate ESE breezes. The centre may possibly have been in about 16. 11210. This is, however, very uncertain. During the evening of the 28th the wind at Hoihow backed to NE 3, and heavy clouds were passing over from the SE. The barometer remained steady. The Actir, a few miles W of Hoihow, had a fresh E breeze with steady barometer. At Hongkong the barometer was steady and light E airs with showery weather prevailed. On the 29th at noon the barometer (29.72) at Haiphong showed a fall of 0.09 since the previous day, the sky was cloudy with a gentle SE breeze. The barometer had fallen slightly at Hoihow with moderate E breeze and clear sky. There was a light SW breeze at Cape St. James.

:

416

28

Possibly the depression moved Westward about a hundred miles to the south of the entrance to the Gulf of Tongking.

Observations for noon on the 28th June:-

COAST OBSERVATIONS.

Bolinao,

.29.82 + .02

SSW

C.

South Cape,.

.82 .02

NNE

C.

Hoihow,

.79 .02

ENE

3

b.

Hongkong,

.83 .00

E

2

Breaker Point,

.83 + .01

ENE

1

op.

Lamocks,

.86 .00

ENE

1

c.

Turnabout,

.87 + .02

calm

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Dardanus,

8° 30'

108° 59' 29.75

calm

S.S. Lennox,

.10 11

107 18

SE

1

b.

S.S. Mongkut,

.10 28

108 8

.76

S

fine.

S.S. Sverre,

.10 54

110 41

SSW

1

0.

S.S. Holstein,

12 44

109 31

.77

calm

S.S. Aglaia,

.18 20

111 30

,75

NE

S.S. Kiel,

.19 17

112 47

NE

S.S. Elecktra,..

19 32

113 34

NE

S.S. Activ,

.20 28

107 40

.83

E

S.S. Alwine,

..20 21

110 55

.76

ENE

S.S. Sungkiang,

.21 12

119 3

.83

ESE

S.S. Esmeralda,

..21 16

118 57

.80

SE

Sh. Sterling,

.20 53

115 16

E

HOQ3+;

q. NE swell.

2

fine.

At noon on the 29th the barometer at Hongkong showed the same reading as at noon on the previous day and was in fact rising for two or three hours about this time instead of showing the usual daily fall. At 2 p. it read the same as at 10 a. which, allowing for daily variation, shows a distinct rise of 0.04 inches. The barometer did not commence to fall until late in the evening. The wind was from about ESE during the morning hours of force 2. At 10 a. it was E 4. About 12.30 p. the wind suddenly flew round to SSE in a sharp squall of wind and rain, but it backed to E/N at 4 p. force 4 and continued from about that direction for the remainder of the evening. The lower clouds came from SE and some higher clouds from SSE. The mean temperature for the day was 79°. At Victoria Peak the direction of the wind was from SE 4 to 5 the whole day. At Macao light SSW breezes blew during the middle of the day and towards evening a light E breeze. The weather was showery during the day; cloudy in the evening. On the whole the barometer was falling slightly. At Hoihow fine weather prevailed.

The sky was clear the whole day and the wind from E force 4, lightning was observed to the S during the evening. The barometer showed a slight fall since the previous day, but it read the same at 3 p. as at 9 a. (29.76) and was thus rising at this time. Allowing for daily variation the rise between 9 a. and 3 p. would be about 0.05 inch. On the SE coast the barometer was almost steady, perhaps slightly rising and the wind which was chiefly light NE airs and breezes in the morning became more Easterly towards evening. The weather was fine generally with detached clouds.

Vessels in China Sea West of Bolinao had moderate SSE breezes. The Esmeralda reported a high SW swell. To the East of Annam the weather was fine with light variable airs. The Aglaia and the Alwine, a few miles to the SSW of Hongkong, had a strong ESE breeze with rain and a rough sea. The Presto, which left Hongkong for the SWard at 6 a., had a strong S breeze and squally weather with high S sea and SE swell. The Activ left Hoihow for Hongkong about 2 a.m. She experienced a gentle to moderate ENE breeze during the morning hours. A heavy bank of clouds was noticed in the SE and towards noon she had a SE swell. The barometer (4 a. 29.77, 10 a. 29.82) was not falling at this time.

During the evening the Canton and Taichiow, which left Hongkong bound East in the afternoon, had E and ESE gentle to moderate breezes with overcast showery weather and a heavy S swell. The Presto had the barometer (at 8 p. 29.75, midnight 29.71) falling during the evening and the direction of the wind S 5 at 4 p. had become E 5 at 8 p. and E 7 at midnight. At the latter hour the weather was thick with rain and there was a tremendously high sea from E. The Activ had now the barometer falling and the wind had backed from E 5 during the afternoon to ENE 6 at night. There was a heavy swell from SSE at midnight.

The following are the observations for June 29th at noon :-

Bolinao, South Cape, Hoihow,

C.

COAST STATIONS.

..29.83 + .01 .85 + .03

E

1 C.

NNE

1

.76 .03

E

Haiphong,

.72

.09

SE

Hongkong,

.83

.00

E

Breaker Point,

.84 + .01

NNE

Lamocks,

.86 .00

NE

b.

0.

0.

C.

C.

Turnabout,

.88 + .01

N

2

3 3 2 6 6 6 6 6

29

VESSELS.

S.S. Dardanus,

.12° 3'

111° 28′

29.77

SSE

2

S.S. Lennox,

.13 22

109 42

.78

var.

2

fine.

clear smooth sea.

S.S. Sverre,

..13 43

112 38

S

1

b.

S.S. Mongkut,

.14 21

110 16

.78

var.

1

fine.

S.S. Esmeralda,

..16 54

119 36

S

S.S. Sungkiang,

.17 6

119 33

.80

S.S. Activ,

.? (20 45

111 30)

.80

S.S. Alwine,

......21 57

113 46

.76

S.S. Aglaia,

S.S. Presto,

.21 57 ..?(21 50 113 35)

113 52

.81

.83

28288

SSE

4

NE/E

4

SE swell.

ESE

7

ESE

6

r. rough sea.

S

6

oqr. high S sea.

417

Taking all the information into consideration it seems that a very small area of low pressure entered the coast from the southward about 60 miles to the WSW of Hongkong on the 29th June at noon. It appears that the cyclone which followed next day was formed in the rear of this small area of squally and wet weather. But all the ships that reported squally weather had it from SE. There are no data on the other side of the centre, so there may not really have been any low surrounded by closed isobars.

During the early morning hours of June 30th the barometer was falling (at 4 a. 29.71) at Hong- kong the direction of the wind being ENE force 4. At 1 a.m. the sky was clear, at 4 a. partially clouded. At 4.30 a. the direction veered very suddenly to SSE in a heavy squall of wind and rain, the barometer rose 0.05 in. in a few minutes (at 5 a. 29.77) and the temperature fell 7°. From this time the wind gradually backed (at 9 a. E 4), the force diminishing from 6 to 4. The barometer was falling. A few minutes before 10 a. the wind again suddenly veered from E to SSE in another squall of wind and rain-but less severe than at 4.30 a.-and the barometer rose quickly for a short time. Thereafter it fell until 7 p. when it commenced to rise. The wind after 10 a.m. was from between SE and SSE and it increased from force 5 at 1 p. to 7 at 7 p., the weather being wet and squally the whole time. The lower clouds came from SSE all day. After midnight the wind moderated and the direction became S force 4 at 1 a. on the 1st July with rising barometer (1 a. 29.75) and showery weather. At Victoria Peak on the 30th June the direction of the wind was SE from 7 a. to 4 p. increasing in force from 5 at the former to 7 at the latter hour. At 7 p. it was SSE 7, at 10 p. SW 7 between 10 a. and 10 p. no rain fell. On the morning of 1st July the wind was SW 6, and the weather rainy.

At Macao the barometer on the 30th June was falling again in the evening. At 4 a. there was a light E breeze. SSE the force increasing to 5 at 4 p. At 10 p. it was S 5. to force 2. The weather was wet and squally.

rather rapidly during the day, but rose Towards midday the direction veered to At 4 a. on the 1st July it had moderated

At Canton light ESE airs with sky partially clouded prevailed during the morning hours of the 30th with slightly falling barometer. Between 3 p. and 9 p. the fall became rapid and the wind which was SE 5 at the former hour had backed and was E 6 at 9 p. The sky had become overcast and it was squally. On July 1st at 3 a. the wind was still E 6 with wet squally weather and the barometer was on the point of rising. At 9 a. the wind was S 3 the weather rainy and the barometer had risen.

At Hoihow on the 30th the barometer had fallen since the previous night but between 9 a. and 3 p. it was rising. A gentle to moderate NW breeze prevailed during the day. At 5.45 p. the wind shifted to WSW with a light rain squall. At 9 p.m. it was SE 2. The weather was very fine all day with the exception of the slight squall above mentioned,

On the SE coast on June 30th the barometer showed a slight fall since the previous day. Light variable airs, chiefly Easterly, and calms prevailed with weather cloudy but fine.

5

p.m.

Vessels in the China Sea to the SE of Hainan on June 30th had light and gentle S and SSW breezes and fine weather, but towards evening the weather became showery and the wind slightly increased in force. The Lennox reported a confused sea. The Bantam left Hongkong for the South at and at midnight experienced a strong S breeze overcast sky and high sea. The Presto NE of Hainan had a fresh NE breeze during the early morning and later a moderate gale from N by E. The weather was wet and squally. At noon in Hainan Straits she had a light SW breeze with fine weather. Later as she proceeded Westward she had a fresh SW breeze. The centre was at noon on June 30th in 21° 10′, 112° 20'.

The following are the noon observations for June 30th:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, S. Cape,

SE

530

E/N

470

29.82-.01 .85-.00

var.

NNE

Hoihow,

Pakhoi,

WSW

130

.78+.02

NW

3

WIN

180

.75-.08

SSE

Canton,

NNE

130

.74-.09

ESE

Hongkong,

ENE

120

.75-.08

SSE

Breaker Pt.,

ENE

250

.82-.02

var.

Lamocks,....

ENE

300

.84-.02

ENE

Turnabout,

NE

510

.87+.01

NNE

~ 221 20 10 03-

2

0.

cdt.

b.

C.

0.

5

0.

b.

1

C.

1

CV.

418

30

rough sea.

VESSELS.

S.S. Dardanus,

S.S. Sverre,

...16° 3'

113° 33'

SSE

320 29.77

2

fine.

.16 44

113 57

SSE

290

S

1

b.

S.S. Lennox,.

....

.17 27

111 23

S/W

230

.78

S

3

S.S. Mongkut,

.18 22

111 33

S/W

180

.75

SSW

3

S.S. Presto,

Hainan Straits

WSW

130

.71

SW

2

S.S. Activ,

......21 44 112 44

NE/N

35

.50

E/S

9

..23 09 117 20

ENE

300

.86

E

2

C.

S.S. Canton,

clear. sea smoking.

swell.

The log of the S.S. Activ shows that the centre of a small cyclone passed across St. John's harbour at 3 p. on the 30th June. The wind scarcely reached typhoon force. There was no rain to speak of till after the centre had passed. Captain HYGOм, who observed the phenomena carefully as is to be seen from the log printed below, has given us the following particulars in addition. They are of great value as we had hitherto no observations of the motion of clouds above the bull's eye, where it is usually so difficult to make observations.

"Before the centre passed the clouds came from 1 point south of the wind, but not very fast. They continued from that direction during the first part of the central calm. The fleck of clear sky moved slowly about NEward. The sea calmed down perfectly with the wind for an hour and a half. The clouds came from SE in the bull's eye, then from S, and then the wind burst from the opposite quarter to where it blew from before. Another clearing in the clouds were noticed to the SE. After the calm the rain was seen to come up like a wall from about 5 miles towards W."

From this we may conclude that this little typhoon originated in the evening of the 29th June or during the following night a short distance S by W of St. John's harbour. That it was not fully established till the centre was above St. John's harbour and that it there quickly ceased to blow as the centre entered the mainland.

After entering China the depression moved NNWward.

HONGKONG.

MACAO.

Bar. to

WIND.

Date.

Hour. 32° & Sea Temp. Level.

Weather.

Rain- fall.

Dir. Force.

Bar, to 32° & Sea Temp.

Level.

WIND.

Weather.

Rain- fall.

Dir. Force.

June 29,...

1 a.

29.80

79

SE by E

2

4 a.

.79

79

ESE

2

7 a.

.82

81

E by S

2

10 a.

.82

82

E

1 p.

.84

78

S by E

4 p.

.78

E by N

7 p.

.79 77

E by S

10 p.

.81 77

30,...

1 a.

.76 78

4 a.

.71 79

7 a.

.76

77

ENE ENE ENE E by S

10 a.

.78

76

1

P.

.73 83

SSE SE by S

4

p.

.67 80

SE by S

7 p.

.66 82

10 p.

.70

81

SSE SE by S

July

1....

1 a.

.75

78

S

4 a.

.71

80

SSW

7 a.

.77

80

SSE

10 a.

.82

80

S by E

NANT CD CD COH HO ONTHON LO CO

C

d

...

.80 79

.74 79

c

o q

o p q

og

...

E

2

c

.75 84

SSE

2

c q r

.69

83

SSE

са

o p q

.60

81

SSE

e q

o p q

.68

orq

or

.72

3

or

Or

.80

1287822 *** F 12 12

润润

29.78

79

.83 85 SSW

с

.74

SSW

2

cr

.73

80 ESE

2

cr

E

2

с

79

79

SSW

Ni Ni ci GAN: NN: ~~- -:

...

cr

o q

5

o q r

2

2

or

or

HOIHOW.

CANTON.

Bar. to

WIND.

Date.

Hour. 32° & Sea Temp.

Weather.

Rain- fall.

Level.

Dir. Force.

Bar, to 32° & Sea Temp.

Level.

WIND.

Rain-

Weather.

fall.

Dir.

Force.

June 29,...

3 a. 9 a.

29.78

79

.85

3 p.

9 p.

.81 77 .82 77

30,...

3 a.

.74

9 a.

.78

3 p.

.71 82

9 p.

.66 77

July

1,...

3 a.

.67

9 a.

.78

POKERKOFRE

ENE

2

С

80

calm

o d

0.90

29.76

S

1

.76 85

SE

.84

76

SE

78

76

10 60 60 ♡

77

...

1.14

.71

83

NW

3

.75

89

NW

4

o

q

.83

82

SE

r

q

r

1.07

.74

****** :*

84

83

WEEE

85

: 02

∞ NAC AAW:

3

3

200000 ; 0

...

يوم

31

LOG OF S.S. “ACTIV.”

REMARKS.

Heavy bank of clouds to SE.

Swell from SE.

"

""

419

rql

""

""

Heavy swell from SSE.

Rain squalls with perfectly clear intervals and

heavy bank to SE. Lightning.

At 11 a. changed anchorage.

Sea smoking.

A little less wind.

A speck of clear sky.

Not much wind, fine rain.

Wind increasing fast. Changed anchorage. Heavy rain.

""

Lat. Long.

WIND.

Barometer

Day.

Hour.

or

corrected.

Weather.

Course and Dist.

Dir.

Force.

June 28,... 29,...

Midt.

Outside Hoihow

29.80

E

4

4 a.

ENE 15 miles

.77

3

...

8 a.

33

.81

ENE

""

10 a.

NE

E 16

.82

NE/E

Noon

NE

16

.80

2 p.

p.

8 p. ENE 15 10 p. NE/ELE 13

16

.78

E

...

16

.75

15

.76

35

...

.77

ENE

""

...

.77

Midt.

NE/E 12

.75

""

30,... 2 a.

10

.74

""

4 a.

SE

4

.67

E

99

6 3.

West Coast of

.68

Haucheun

8 a.

21° 47' 112° 47'

.70

10 a.

.66

Noon 21° 44′ | 112° 44′

.50

E by S

66700

779

1 p.

.45

1 p.

.35

...

ka

2

2

3

31/p.

.31

.27

ESE

.26

972

.27

S

4 p.

21° 40' 112° 41'

.29

W by S

4. p.

.30

9

...

.40

11

p.

.47

W

11

.55

9

.61

SW

.63

rl

.65

8

9 p.

11 P. Midt.

.67

.68 SSW

.75

.74

July 1,... 2 a.

.74

4 a.

Left St. John's

.70

8 a.

From Wizard

ENE

13 miles

.79

Noon

Sharp Island

.80

3 p. Arrived at Hongkong.

TO TO LO LO CO TO H

.3

4

r

r2

rl

::

5 2

5

- O

Lightning. Less rain.

Heavy rain.

39

""

""

Rain and lightning.

Rain.

Dry but cloudy.

JULY.

During the first half of the month of July the weather on the China Coast and in the China Sea was fine. On the Coast between Hainan and Shanghai the general direction of the wind between the 1st and 15th was chiefly SEasterly. In the Southern part of the China Sea the SW monsoon was blowing steadily but not very strongly. About the 15th it increased in strength and moved further north to about 15° latitude with wet and squally weather and the winds on the China Coast became somewhat more Southerly. On the 17th the barometer rose in China particularly on the E Coast and gradients were established for E winds on the Coast and in the N part of the China Sea. South of 15° latitude fresh W and SW winds were blowing and at the time there appears to have been a trough of low pressure across the China Sea in about 15° to 16° latitude. The barometer was falling rather sharply in Luzon. At Manila there was a gentle SW breeze and overcast weather.

The central area of depression appears to have been in about 16°, 114° almost stationary but perhaps moving a little towards WNW.

Observations for 17th July at noon :----

Manila, Bolinao, Hoihow,

3

om.

C.

3

b.

C.

0.

C.

C.

C.

CV.

COAST STATIONS.

South Cape,

Hongkong,

.29.77 .07 .74 .04 .73 + .04 .74 .02 .76 .00

SW

SSE

NE

NNE

E

Breaker Point,

.77 + .02

NE

Lamocks,

Swatow,

Fisher Island,

Amoy, Turnabout, Steep Island,

North Saddle,..

"

.80 + .03 .80 + .03 .77 .01 .81 + .02

ENE

ENE NNW

NE

.82 + .02

NNE

.86 + .05

.82 + .06

SSE SE

∞ 1 CO GE C∞ Q Q Q 1ILBL

b.

cm.

3

CV.

C.

420

32

VESSELS.

S.S. Sikh,

4° 49'

106° 39'

29.78

SE

S.S. Cheang Chew,....................

.10 1

110 1

.70

SW

S.S. N. S. de Loreto,

.11 28

120 12

...

S.S. Namyong,

.11 29

110 29

.73

W SW/W

Sh. J. D. Bischoff,

.14 50

114 39

.65

var.

Sh. Carl Friedrich,

14 48

113 15

.63

W

S.S. Michael Jebsen,

.14 43

110 11

.70

W

Q2 50 10 2QHH;

fine.

oqlr.

oqr.

0.

og.

Bq. Heinrich,..

15 11

113 31

WNW

qr.

Bq. Vagabond,

.17 27

114 48

.65

E/N

P.

rising sea.

S.S. Gwalior,

S.S. Chonfa,

S.S. Activ,

S.S. Memnon,

.19 .19 3

1.

113 55

.65

E

c.

112

0

.69

ENE

C.

.19 6

108 16

.73

ENE

C.

.19 57

115

9

.68

SE

clear.

S.S. Kowshing,

S.S. Zafiro,

.20 39

118 49

.76

E

C.

.22 39 : 115 49

.75

E

orq.

On the 18th July the barometer had on the whole fallen slightly on the S and SE Coasts but had risen on the East Coast. Winds over these districts were light to moderate E breezes on the S coast, fresh NE breezes on the SE coast, and light SE breezes on the East coast. In the latter district the weather was fine. On the SE and S coasts cloudy weather prevailed with drizzling rain at some stations. In Luzon the barometer had risen slightly with light S winds and cloudy skies. At Cape St. James there was a strong SW breeze and squally weather. Vessels south of Hongkong and in the N part of the middle of the China Sea had strong E to NE breezes and squally weather. West of Bolinao the Kowshing and the Memnon had strong SSW and SSE breezes respectively with squally weather and showers in the case of the Kowshing. The Michael Jebsen, to the S of Hainan, had a moderate N gale while the Cheang Chew to the East of Annam had a fresh WNW gale with rain squalls and high sea. The Sikh to the East of Cochin China had SW 5 and the wind veering to W with falling barometer as she progressed northwards.

At noon on the 18th July the centre was in about 16°, 113° and shortly afterwards it re-curved. It thus appears that the origin of the depression which subsequently developed into a typhoon may be traced to a spot with squally and wet weather in the midst of a district with rather low barometer in the China Sea round which light variable winds following the coast lines gyrated against the sun.

Observations for the 18th July at noon:-

COAST STATIONS.

Manila,

ESE

400

29.79 + .02

Bolinao,

E

350

.75 + .01

i ca

S

¿

0.

0.

Hoihow,

NW 300

.73

.00

ENE

C.

Hongkong,

N/E

400

.75

.01

E

C.

South Cape,..

NE

550

.77 + .03

NE

cg.

Breaker Point,

NNE

450

.75 .01

E

om.

Lamocks,......

-

.75 .05

NE

5

omd.

Fisher Island,....

NE

550

72

J

.05

SSE

Amoy,....

NNE 600

.78

.03

NE

Turnabout,

NE 700

.81

- .01

NE

cm.

C.

cm.

Steep Island,

North Saddle,

NNE NNE

950

.87 + .01

SSE

CV.

950

.85 + .03

SE

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Sikh,

8° 15'

109° 9'

SW

500 29.88

SW

0.

>>

Namyong,

.10 30

107 50

SW

450

.79

WSW

1.

,, Cheang Chew,.

.12 55

109 48

SW

300

.67

WNW

գ.

high sea.

""

N. S. de Loreto,.

..13 30

118 19

SE

300

WNW

0.

Kowshing,

.16 20

119 39

E

350

.75

SSW

oqp.

Sh. Carl Friedrich,

.16 26

113 8

NW

50

.54

NE

oq.

S.S. Memnon,

.16 38

116 13

E'N

150

.68

SSE

q.

Sh. J. D. Bischoff,

.17 16

114 45

NE

100

.62

ENE

oqr.

Bq. Heinrich,..

.17 36

114 21

NNE 120

E/N

q.

heavy sea.

S.S. Michael Jebsen,

.17 24

111 7

NW 150

.68

N

Bq. Vagabond,

.19 57

" Nicoya,

.20 23

114 20 114 26

NNE 250 NNE 275

NEE

.77

E

op.

moderate sea.

On the 19th July, at noon, the barometer had fallen about 0.07 inch since noon of the previous day on the S Coast, less so on the SE Coast. In Hoihow and Hongkong the wind was a NE gentle to moderate breeze and the weather showery with thunder and lightning in the afternoon at Hoihow. On the SE Coast light to moderate NE breezes prevailed with cloudy and, in some cases, showery weather. At S. Cape (Formosa) there was a slight fall in the barometer with NNE 3 and cloudy sky. On the East Coast pressure had given way considerably and light SE breezes prevailed with fine weather. In Luzon the barometer showed a slight rise with overcast sky and light to moderate S and SW breezes. At Cape St. James it was overcast and there was a strong SW breeze. The sailing vessels J. D. Bischoff and Heinrich, N of the centre, in about 20°, 114° had NE and ENE strong breezes increasing in force and backing towards evening with heavy rain squalls and irregular sea.

33

421

The barometer was falling quickly (J. D. Bischoff 29.45 at midnight 19th NE 7 backing and increasing). The centre was at noon moving about NE by N and approaching those vessels. The Barquentine Vagabond at noon about 50 miles S of Hongkong had the wind backing to NE during the evening and increasing to a fresh gale with hard squalls and a fast falling barometer. Her commander, sus- pecting a typhoon, took down the royal yards. The Michael Jebsen NW of the centre had the baro- meter falling (8 p. 29.56) the wind backing to NNE and increasing to a fresh gale with very high cross sea. The Nicoya and Carl Friedrich were about 100 miles WSW of the centre. The latter had a fresh WNW breeze increasing and backing with rain squalls, a threatening appearance to NE and a very high cross sea. The vessel was hove to at 4 p. At midnight, 19th July, the barometer read 29.53 and had ceased falling, wind W 5. The Nicoya noted the wind as a fresh NW gale at noon 19th. Fresh W breezes blew on the Coast of Annam. East of Cochinchina fresh SW breezes. N of Palawan the Memnon had strong SW breezes with rain squalls and high sea. She was about 350' SE of the centre. The N. S. de Loreto also SSE of the centre distant about 250 miles had a strong NW breeze according to the log book but this appears to be wrong probably SW should have been written. West of the Bashee Channel the Zafiro NE by E of the centre had SE 4 with heavy rain. She was steering S/E and towards evening the wind became S 3 with heavy S swell rain squalls and lightning to SW.

The centre was, at noon on the 19th July, in 18°15', 113°45′ moving NE by N and the depression was evidently increasing in intensity.

Observations for noon of July 19th:-

increasing sea.

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

ESE

360

29.76 + .01

S

Hoihow,

NW

250

.69 .04

NE

3

Hongkong,

N

250

A

.68 .07

NE

South Cape,.

NEE

450

.75 .02

NNE

Fisher Island,.

NE

450

.75 + .03

NW

Breaker Point,

NNE

.

340

.72 .03.

ENE

Lamocks,

NNE

380

.74

.01

NE

Amoy,....

NE/N

450

.76

.02

NE

Turnabout,

NE

600

.79

.02

ENE

Steep Island,

NE

900

.81 .06

SE

North Saddle,....

NE

940

.78 .07

SE

01420 + HQ2 Q2 Q1

0.

clt.

0.

3

C.

نن

gmd.

mr.

C.

C.

cm.

bm.

VESSELS.

S.S. Namyong,

""

Camelot,

Sikh,

7° 21' 8 35 11 10

106° 29'

108 4

SW/S 800 SW/S 700

29.88

SW

4

SW

5 orl.

...

111 33

SSW

450

.81

W

5

Memnon,

13 42

117 21

SE/S

350

.76

SSW

6 orq.

""

""

Sungkiang,

14 30

120 16

SE

430-

.76

SW

5 q.

N. S. de Loreto,

14 45

116 15

SSE 250

? NW

6 0.

""

""

Cheang Chen,.

16 5

108 42

WSW 330

Sh. Carl Friedrich,

17 3)

112 22

WSW 100

Bq. Nicoya,

17 30

112 20

WSW 100

S.S. Michael Jebsen,

19 44

112 34

NW/N

120

Sh. J. D. Bischoff,

19 49

113 57

N

100

Bq. Heinrich,

19 50

114 20

NNE

100

S.S. Alwine,

20 21

110 55

NW

220

""

Zafiro,

21 11

118 51

NE/E

330

Bq. Vagabond,

21 26

114 1

N

200

S.S. Chusan,

21 45

113 30

N

230

Activ, Gaelic,

?(22

0

113 30)

N

240

24 24

118 52

NE

460

:88:85:87856%

.62

WNW 4 WNW

.60

NW NNE

5 rq. rq.

NE

ENE

NE

SE ENE

4

NE

NE

3

orq.

.82

NE

3 op.

or.

6 rq. 3 orq.

high sea.

fine sultry.

cross sea.

increasing sea.

heavy cross sea.

choppy sea. hard rain squalls.

sultry.

During the evening of the 19th July, the barometer at Hongkong was falling fast (at 8 p. 29.62). The wind was a fresh to strong ENE breeze, there was occasional drizzling rain and the clouds were of the R-cum type from ENE. At Victoria Peak the wind was NE 6, the direction having backed from E since the morning. At Hoihow the barometer was falling slightly during the evening with NE 3 detached clouds and thunder and lightning, but no rain fell. In S Formosa the barometer was falling (S. Cape 9 p. 29.72), the wind was ESE 2 with cloudy sky. On the SE coast, the barometer was falling moderately fast in the S part of the district with ENĚ and NE 4 and occasional rain showers. In the north part the barometer fell less quickly, the ENE wind was somewhat lighter in force, and the weather fine. On the E coast the barometer was falling slightly with SE light breezes and fine weather. At Bolinao, the barometer was steady (at 6 p. 29.72) with light S and SSE breezes and overcast weather. The clouds came from SSW.

On July 20th, during the morning hours, the barometer continued to fall at Hongkong and the wind backed through NE to N force 3. The weather was overcast, and, between 3 and 4.30 a., a slight thunderstorm passed East of the Colony appearing in the NE and disappearing in the SE. The direction of the lower clouds had backed with the wind. The lowest reading of the barometer occurred at 3 p. (29.42 actual, 29.45 corrected for daily variation). At the time it was almost calm, the anemo- graph only recording a velocity of 6 miles between 2.30 and 3.30 p. the direction being N by W. The latter, however, rapidly backed to WNW and increased to a velocity of 23 miles per hour at 8 p.

422

34

(barometer 29.49 actual). Later it backed still further and the velocity decreased, at midnight WSW 9 miles per hour, (barometer 29.50 actual). The direction of the lower clouds also backed from NE at. 1 p. to N at midnight.

The weather during the afternoon and evening had a threatening appearance, but with the excep- tion of a few spots of light rain occasionally and a slight shower about 7 p., no rain fell. The atmos- phere was unusually clear during the latter part of the day and distant objects were very distinctly seen. At Victoria Peak, the direction of the wind, which had been NE 5, backed to NW 3 between p. and 7 p., and at 10 p. it was also NW 3. The mean temperature for the 20th July was 80°.1, this being 1°.4 lower than the mean of 5 years.

4

Considering that the centre was at noon only 100 miles to the SE of the Colony the light winds recorded may appear remarkable, but the high land to the northward has at all times a great effect in diminishing the strength of N winds in the Colony and it frequently happens that a moderate N gale is blowing at sea a short distance to the Southward when only light to moderate breezes are experienced in the Colony.

At Hoihow, the barometer was falling, there was a light SE breeze during the morning, but the direction veered to SW 4 just after noon and became NW 3 in the evening. The weather was fine and lightning was seen at night. At Canton, the barometer was falling during the day. The wind was ESE 2 at 3 a. backing to NE 2 at 9 p. with detached clouds. At 3 P. it was E 6 with overcast sky and passing showers and towards evening WSW 2, detached clouds. The strong E breeze at 3 does not agree with the bearing of the centre of the typhoon at that time. The direction is probably influenced to a great extent by the situation of the observing station.

In Southern Formosa moderate SSE breezes prevailed chiefly on the 20th with showery weather and falling barometer.

p.

In Luzon cloudy weather with moderate to fresh SW breezes prevailed and the barometer was inclined to fall a little. At Bolinao, there was a light SE breeze the lower clouds coming from the same direction. On the SE coast, during the morning hours of the 20th July, moderate to strong E and NE breezes blew with drizzling rain and showers in the South part, and in the North part light and gentle NE breezes with cloudy but fine weather. The barometer was falling rapidly in the whole district. The weather towards evening on this part of the coast will be described in detail later on. The weather experienced by vessels during the morning hours of July 20th was as follows:-

The Chi Yuen off Amoy and NE of the centre had ENE 4 with thick drizzling rain and falling barometer (4 a. 29.69, 8 a. 29.65). The Glengyle off Swatow had the wind variable and squally force 4 with rain squalls and a moderate S and SW sea. Towards noon the wind settled down at ENE and increased to force 6 with gloomy sky. The Oceana in about the same position had at 4 a. NE 7 increasing and vivid lightning was observed to the SE and SW. The Ningpo bound for Hongkong and about half way between Swatow and the former port had SE 3 up to 5 a. (barometer 29.54 falling) with squally wet weather and lightning to SW. There was a SE and later a S swell. About 6 a. the wind backed to NNE force 2 to 3. This vessel was at first NNE and later N of the centre. The Gaelic approaching Hongkong from the Eastward had ESE 4, barometer (4 a. 29.58) falling, heavy rain squalls, rough sea and SE swell.

On the morning of the 20th July, the wind veered to SSE and SE force 5 at Lamocks, and two or three vessels at the time between that station and Hongkong also had the wind SE and variable and squally weather just before they entered the area of strong winds.

46

The Michael Jebsen, WNW of the centre and approaching Hongkong, had at 4 a. N by E 7 (barometer 29.48), at 8 a. N by W 8 (barometer 29.48) with very high NNE sea, at 6 a. the atmos- phere was noted as very clear." Thereafter the wind and sea decreased at noon N by W 6 with barometer inclined to rise. The J. D. Bischoff, W of the centre, had a strong N backing gale at 4 a. (barometer 29.45), at 8 a. NNW 9 (barometer 29.48). The barque Heinrich, SW of the centre, had at noon a fresh WNW gale with heavy squalls and high sea. The barque Vagabond had run to the SW since the previous day and was to the WSW of the centre during the morning. She experienced at 4 a. a strong WNW gale backing and decreasing with heavy squalls. The top gallant masts were taken down at 4 a. West of Bolinao, the Sungkiang and Zafiro, SE of the centre had strong SW and S breezes with heavy cross sea and squally showery weather. East of Annam S to W moderate to strong breezes prevailed. The centre at noon on July 20th was situated in 21° 0′, 115° 45′, moving NE ward.

The following are the noon observations for July 20th:--

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Hoihow,

SE

370 29.75 .01

SSE

2

0.

WSW

330

.60

.09

SE

3

C.

Hongkong,

NW

100

.47

.21

N

3

Canton,

NW

190

.51

.13

ENE

4

cg.

Breaker Point,

NE

110

.48

-

.14

E

7

omgr.

Swatow,

NE

150

.49

.16

NE

4

oqr.

Lamocks,

NE/N

190

.57

-

.17

ESE

3

omr.

S. Cape,

EN

300

.66

.09

SSE

4

cp.

35

COAST STATIONS,

Takow,

ENE

300

.65

.13

SE

8?

g.

Anping,

ENE

300

.62

.13

SSE

3

opq.

Fisher Island,

NE

280

.62

.13

SE

3

omr.

Chapel Island,

NEN

260

.58? .14

E

3

omr.

Amoy,

NEN

270

.63

.13

NE

Turnabout,

NEN

370

.67

.12

NNE

3

C.

Middle Dog,

NE/N

410

.62

G

.12

N

1

c.

Foochow,

NE/N

420

B

.66 .10

var.

1

C.

Tamsui,

NE

380

.69

Ging

.06

NW

1

b.

Keelung,

NE

400

.66 .II

NE

2

Steep Island,

NEN

670

.68

My

.13

SSE

1

5 3 3 3 3 3 3

or.

North Saddle,.

NEN

700

.65

.13

SSE

2

bm.

VESSELS.

S.S. Memnon,

.10° 54'

118° 2'

SE 600 29.78

SW

29

Camelot,

.12

9

110 52

SSW

600

WSW

15

Sikh,

.15 10

113 27

SSW

390

.68

S

663

Bk. Nicoya,

16 12

111 18

SW

390

S

S.S. Sungkiang:

.17. 35

118 11

SSE

250

.56

SW

6 or.

"

N. S. de Loreto,

.17 44

115 28

S/W

200

WNW

6 0.

Zafiro,

17 51

119 49

SE

310

.68

S

0.

Sh. Carl Friedrich,

.18 19

112 34

S.W

260

.58

W/S

3

Bk. Heinrich,

.19 37

114 21

SW

120

WNW 8 q.

or.

fine.

fine clear mod. sea. fine.

heavy beam sea.

cross sea.

cross sea.

increasing sea.

S.S. Cheang Chew,

.19 22

107

45

WSW 480

.56

SW 6

Bk. Vagabond,

..20 10

113 22

WSW 140

.37?

WNW 8

Sh. J. D. Bischoff,

.......20

5

113 16

WSW 150

.52

NW

6 rq.

S.S. Michael Jebsen,.. ..21

29

113 20

WNW 130

.48

N/W

6

Alwine,

.21

35

112 44

WNW

160 .50

N

5

""

Charters Tower,

""

......22

18

114 40

NNW

90

.46

NE

5 qr.

,, Ningpo,

.22

25

114 50

NNW

90

.43

NE

4 orq.

19

Oceana,

.22 42

116 34

NNE

100 · .49

NNE

8

orq.

""

Glengyle,

.22 56

116 41

NNE

120

.55

ENE

6 g.

decreasing sea. swell.

S. swell. confused sea.

increasing wind.

""

City of Rio de Janeiro,23

21

117 40

NE

170 .55

SE

6 oq.

19

Kilmoon,..

.23 57

118 15

NE

200

.58

NE

5 orq.

59

Chi Yuen,

off Amoy

NE N

220

.67

E

4

od.

-""

Electra,

.25 54 120 31

NEN

400

.63

E

""

Benlarig,

Continental,

.26 30 .26 20 120 35

120 30

NEN

420

.66

ENE

NE/N 410

.69

NE

423

high NE swell.

The Glengyle and the Oceana were off the coast in the vicinity of Breaker Point at noon on 20th July the centre of the typhoon being at that time about 100 miles SSW of their position. The former vessel had a strong ENE increasing breeze with barometer falling sharply and a gloomy threatening appearance. At 12.30 p.m. her commander seeing indications of an approaching typhoon made for Swatow and there at the outer anchorage rode out the storm. The Oceana noted the wind at noon as a fresh NNE gale with rapidly falling barometer and confused sea. This vessel was hove to just after 4 p. and during the evening experienced a strong N backing to NW gale with heavy rain squalls. The lowest reading of the barometer was at 9 p. (29.21). The typhoon passed, perhaps, 50 miles E of her about that time it having advanced towards her position during the afternoon. This vessel was the only one at sea in the vicinity of the centre during the evening of the 20th, and during the passage of the typhoon across the Formosa Channel no vessel encountered the full force of it.

Vessels lying at the Coast Ports remained at anchor, warnings having been received from the Hongkong Observatory, and those at sea quickly sought shelter. Some vessels from Japan bound to Hongkong ran into bad weather on the 21st in the northern part of the Channel.

For determining the track of the typhoon in this part of its course the observations at the light stations and Coast Ports around the Channel are fortunately sufficient.

At 6 p.m. on July 20th the centre was situated in 22° 10′, 117° 05′ and at midnight in 22° 52′, 117° 40'.

During the evening of the 20th July NE gales with rain squalls were felt at Breaker Point, Swatow and Lamocks with quickly falling barometer. In the northern part of the Formosa Channel the wind was from E and ENE force 2 to 3, and the weather cloudy. At Fisher Island and the SW coast of Formosa the wind was SE 3 to 4 with overcast sky, passing showers and lightning. The barometer was falling moderately fast. At Lamocks the wind had backed and was at 9 p. N 9, the barometer at the time was falling very rapidly. By midnight the wind had increased to N 10 and the barometer (29.05) had fallen 0.2 inch since 9 p. There were very heavy squalls of wind and rain. At 1 a. July 21st the barometer read 28.95 the wind being N 11, at 2 a. the same reading of the barometer and similar wind and weather. At 2.30 a. the lowest reading of the barometer (28.93) was recorded and the wind backed to NW 11. At 3 a, the barometer (28.99) had risen a little, the wind continuing at NW of storm force with continuous squalls of wind and rain. The barometer thereafter rose quickly (6 a. 29.17) and the wind backed to WNW but was still of force 10. The centre passed about 30 miles to the Eastward of this station at 2.30 a. July 21st.

At Swatow 37 miles to the Westward of Lamocks at 2 a. July 21st the wind was N of force 5 only, the barometer 29.27 (lowest reading). The same reading of the barometer was registered at 3 a. ̧ but the wind had backed and was NW 4. After this time the barometer commenced to rise. The

424

36

weather was gloomy with slight rain. These are the observations made at the Custom House. On board the Fokien at anchor in the river the wind direction was noted as NW/W, the barometer reading 29.29 (lowest reading) at which point it remained until 5 a. when the wind was observed as NW/W 8 with frequent heavy squalls. After 5 a. the wind quickly moderated with rising barometer.

By reference to the log of the Glengyle at anchor about 4 miles to the Eastward of Swatow Custom House, it will be seen that a whole NE backing to NW gale was experienced during the evening of the 20th and early morning of July 21st with furious squalls and much rain. The lowest reading of the barometer was 29.18 at 5 a. July 21st.

Probably the force of wind was over estimated on board the Glengyle though it must be remarked that the gradient from Swatow Eastward to Lamocks was extremely steep during this time corres- ponding to a gradient of 0.13 in 15 miles at 2.30 a. July 21st.

The lowest reading of the barometer at Breaker Point was at 9 p. July 20th (barometer 29.56), the wind being at the time NNE 8 with rain squalls. The centre was then about 60 miles to the ESE of the station. The same wind and weather is noted at midnight but the barometer showed then a rise of 0.02 inch since 9 p. By 3 a. July 21st the wind had backed to W 6 (barometer 29.30). Thereafter the barometer rose quickly and the weather improved.

The rainfall measured for the 24 hours ending July 21st at 9 a. was, at Lamocks 6.70, Breaker Point 2.85, and Swatow 1.69 inches.

The typhoon was advancing in a NE by N direction between midnight of July 20th and 6 a. of July 21st almost directly upon Chapel Island. At that station the wind had increased from NE 4 at 9 p. July 20th to NE 7 at midnight (barometer 29.41 midnight). The weather was wet and gloomy. Thereafter the wind continued to increase in force preserving the same direction and the barometer to fall quickly. At 5 a. July 21st the wind veered to ENE force 10 (barometer 29.18) the centre of the typhoon bearing at the time S by W 50 miles. At 6 a. the wind direction backed to NE. At 7 a. it was NNE 11 which direction it maintained until 11 a. the greatest force being registered at 9 a. and 10 a. as 11 to 12. The lowest barometer reading occurred at 9 a. (29.13) the centre of the typhoon then bearing SSE 40 miles. The rainfall for the previous 24 hours measured at 9 a. July 21st was 4.96 inches.

On July 21st at 6 a. at Amoy there was strong NE wind and wet squally weather (barometer 29.33). At the lighthouse stations in the north part of the Channel there was a moderate ENE increasing breeze with a threatening appearance and in some cases drizzling rain and the barometer falling.

At

At Fisher Island the barometer fell very sharply after 9 p. of July 20th and the wind which had been ESE 6 at 9 p. veered to SE at 1 a. July 21st and increased to force 8, the centre bearing WSW 100 miles at the latter hour. The weather was wet and squally and so continued. The wind direction continued practically steady in direction but increasing in force, at noon it was SE 10, centre of typhoon bearing W 30 miles distant. The barometer continued to fall rapidly (July 21st 6 a. 29.30, noon 29.15). The barometer at Chapel Island had risen 0.09 inch since 9 a. and read at noon July 21st 29.22, the wind at the latter hour being N 10. At Lamocks the barometer had continued to rise quickly (9 a. 29.27, noon 29.37) and the wind was at noon July 21st W 7, the weather continuing very wet and squally. The bearing of the centre was then ENE 95 miles. At Anping, on July 21st, at 3 a., the wind was SW 6 (barometer 29.50) which agrees badly with the bearing of the centre at that time, which was W/N 130 miles. At 8 a. it was S 7 (barometer 29.46), at noon SW 9 (barometer 29.36). The weather was very squally and showery. At Takow the wind during the morning hours of the 21st July was a fresh breeze to moderate gale from S and SSE. At noon S 8 with barometer reading at 6 a. 29.50, at noon 29.42 with the centre at the latter hour bearing NW 95 miles. The weather was wet and squally and lightning had been observed during the early morning. It may be mentioned that at Anping "two shocks of earthquake lasting 3 seconds N to S were felt at 11.20 a.m." Takow the shock was also felt the time given being 11.17 a.m., duration 10 seconds. On this part of the Formosa Coast, earthquake shocks are of rather frequent occurrence. S Cape had the wind SSW increasing from force 3 at 3 a. (barometer 29.49) to 6 at noon July 21st (barometer 29.48) when the centre bore NW 145 miles. The wind had veered a little since the previous evening. The weather was showery, squally, and thunder was heard. The temperature was rather high during the early morning hours of the 21st July being at 3 a. 82°.8. At Tamsui and

At Tamsui and Keelung on the North Coast of Formosa light SE airs and breezes and cloudy but fine weather prevailed at noon on July 21st with falling barometer, and at the lighthouse stations near the northern entrance to the Channel moderate to strong ENE and NE breezes with squally weather and falling barometer. At Hongkong the barometer had risen but slightly and remained practically steady all day on July 21st. Temperature was rather high, the mean of the 24 hours being 82.8. The wind was a moderate SSW breeze at 3 a. (barometer 29.49), but after 5 a. the wind veered to about WNW and continued this direction with force 1 to 2 until noon (barometer 29.51), during the afternoon it backed to about SW and increased a little in force, but towards evening it became calm. The weather was fine but hazy with lightning in the evening. The lower clouds came from NW in the morning but backed to W in the evening. C-cum cloud came from NW. At Victoria Peak there was a moderate W breeze all day. The bearing of the centre from Hongkong was ENE 270 miles at noon July 21st and E by N 340 miles at midnight.

In Luzon on the 21st July at noon moderate SW winds prevailed and the barometer had fallen slightly since the previous day. At noon on July 21st several vessels to the Southward of Hong-

37

425

kong had fresh W breezes and fine weather. The Asagao, 25 miles ENE of Lamocks, had a strong WNW breeze, rainy weather and confused sea. The Oceana, about 45 miles SSW of Lamocks, had also WNW 6 with confused sea. This vessel it will be noticed had allowed the typhoon to pass her on the previous evening and was now following it up keeping at a safe distance by steaming at reduced speed. The Chi Yuen lying at the Amoy outer anchorage had a strong NE gale during the morning of July 21st with hard squalls and rain. The Benlarig passed into the N entrance of the Channel during the evening of the 20th July bound for Hongkong, and at 2 a. July 21st had a fresh ESE breeze increasing. About 5 a., the wind and sea rising and the barometer falling rapidly, the vessel was hove to heading E. Later the wind increased and at noon she had a fresh NE by E gale, the barometer being steady at 29.32. At this time she must have been only about 50 miles N by E of the centre if her position as entered in the log can be relied on. The Continental also off Ockseu at 2 a. July 21st bound South had at 4 a. a strong ENE gale with rain squalls and high confused sea. She sustained some damage on deck and at 8 a. the cargo shifted.、 At 10 a. she had a very hard gale

from ENE and the lowest reading of the barometer 29.42. At noon the vessel was taken into Haitan Bay for shelter and in consequence of a list. She was at 6 a. July 21st about NE of the centre 100 miles. The Electra was even closer to the centre at noon July 21st. Her position is given as 23° 44', 118° 18′ and she was proceeding Southward. During the early morning hours of the 21st she had a NE increasing breeze with rapidly falling barometer (6 a. 29.55). At noon she had a strong NE gale (barometer 29.23). She was then 40 miles WNW of the centre. Thereafter

"7

the barometer rose quickly and the wind backed and decreased in force, at 6 p. NW 6, (barometer 29.39).

Át 6 a.m. on July 21st the centre of the typhoon was in 23° 30′, 118° 10′ and until this hour as before stated, it had been advancing in a NE by N direction and appeared likely to move up the Channel, but at this time its course was deflected and it moved ENEward for a short time then Eastward and at the latter end of the day SEward. The cause of the very unusual path of this typhoon: recurvature in the China Sea in July (cases in November have occurred) and motion NE ward across Formosa, was probably connected with another typhoon, which was at this time ENE of Formosa. Typhoons have a tendency to approach the tracks of their predecessors. The centre at noon on July 21st was situated in 23° 35', 118° 55'.

2.

The following are the observations for July 21st at noon:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

S/E

450

29.71

Hoihow,

WSW

520

.59 - .01

Hongkong,

WSW

270

Breaker Pt.

WSW

140

.47

Swatow,

W/S

130

.39

Lamocks,..

WSW

95

Chapel Island,

NW

60

.22

Amoy,....

NW

80

.33

| | | | |+1|

.04

S

2

0.

NNW

3

C.

.51 + .01

W

2

C.

.01

W

3

omp.

- .10

NW

3

ogd.

.37 .20

W

7

mrq.

.36

N

10

omd.

.30

NNE

6

odg.

Ockseu,

NNE

85

NE

4

omd.

Turnabout,

NNE

130

.45

1

.22

ENE

omq.

Middle Dog,

NNE

160

.47

.15

NE

4

cmq.

Foochow,...

N/E

150

.48

.18

ENE

or.

Steep Island,

ENE

450

.66

.02

NE

2

CV.

North Saddle,

NNE

480

.60

.05

E/S

C.

Tamsui,

NE

165

.47

-

. .22

Calm

C.

Keelung,

NE

180

.48 .18

ESE

2

C.

Fisher Island,

E

30

.15

.47

SE

10

omrq.

Anping,

ESE

80

.36

.26

SW

9

opq.

Takow,

SE/E

95

.42

.23

S

8

rq.

S. Cape,

SE

140

.48 .18

SW/S

6

rqt.

VESSELS.

S.S. Memnon,

до

0'

116° 45'

S/W 700 29.79

SW

fine clear.

""

Zafiro,

Bk. Nicoya,

.14 55

120 3

"

""

39

23

Decima,

S.S. Sikh,

N. S. de Loreto,

Sh. Carl Friedrich,

S.S. Sungkiang,

Cheang Chew,

Wingsang,

...

.16 .19 16 19 51 19 56 ..20 4

1

109 ·45

S/E SW 700

520

.73

SSW

3

or.

SSW

orq.

114 13

SW 360

.66

S

114 34

SW 330

.58

W

113 24

115 57

.20 3

110 20

.21 26

114 0

.21 36

113 38

SW/W 370 .56

SW/S

260 WSW 530 .53 SW 6 WSW 300 .46 WSW 310

W

.51

SW

W

WSW 5

Bk. Heinrich,..

S.S. Thales,

..21 39

114 37

WSW 270

...22 30.

Oceana,

"

""

Asagao,

Electra,

""

""

Benlarig,

.22 28 23 28 23 44 ...24 20

114 45 117 3 117 41 118 18 119 14

W/S 240 .51

WSW 120

WIS WNW NE

13

W W

THE CO CO LO CO CO KO KO

4

fine.

3

C.

3

5

ö

6 b.

5 1.

Å ÖZ

0.

high sea.

moderate sea. moderate sea. high sea.

4

0.

SSW swell.

.41

70

WNW WNW 40 .23? NE

6

6 or.

55

.32

NE/E

high sea.

confused sea.

moderating.

Mathilde,

.25

56

120 14

NNE

160

.50

SE

""

12

City of Rio Janeiro, ...26 24

121 48

NNE 220

.50

ENE

orq.

Fushun,

.27

5

121 0

* Tsinan,

..27 18

29

Bengloe, Kilmoon,

..27 21

.....

..27 37

122 21 122 0 121 32

NNE 240 NNE 290 .58 NNE 270 NNE 280

ENE

4 q.

clear.

ENE

fine clear.

E

4

ö

.54

NE

426

38

During the afternoon, between 4 and 4.30 p.m., the centre passed South of Fisher Island and probably within 10 miles of the station. The lowest reading of the barometer was 28.75 at 4.30 p.m. (it had fallen 0.4 since noon) the wind being from NE of full typhoon force with heavy squalls and torrents of rain. By referring to the observations printed elsewhere it will be seen how quickly the wind direction changed. It had been steady at SE up to 2.30 p.m. but had increased in violence from force 9 at 11 am. to force 11 at 2.30 p.m. At 3 p.m. it was ESE 11, 3.30 p.m. E 12, 4 p.m. NE 12, 4.30 p.m. NE 12, 5 p.m. N 12 at which direction it remained till after 9 p.m. though the force of course decreased. The typhoon was moving away from the station in a SEasterly direction.

From the Fisher Island and Anping observations alone the centre can be very accurately deter- mined and at 6 p.m. 21st July was situated in 23° 20′, 119° 40′. At the latter station the barometer had been falling very rapidly since noon and the wind direction had backed from SW to S and increased to force 10. At 6 p.m. the barometer read 28.98, it had fallen 0.38 since noon. There was very heavy rain and squalls. At Takow the barometer had fallen from 29.42 at noon to 29.23 at 6 p.m. and from the observations made on H.M.S. Firebrand, which was at anchor in Takow harbour it is seen that the wind remained steady in direction from SSW but increasing in force. The weather had been very wet and squally the whole day. At 6 pm. SSW 8 was observed on the Firebrand. At the Custom House at 3 p.m. the wind is entered as WSW of force 10. The wind forces observed at the Custom House for the previous day and up to this time as compared with the adjacent stations are doubtless over estimated. This is seen from the wind observations at S Cape and Anping together with those of the Firebrand for the 20th. Moreover had it not been for presence of the Firebrand at Takow, the wind observations would not have been put on record as although frequent observations of the baro- meter were made at the Custom House, no observations of wind were recorded between 9 p.m. of the 21st and 9 a.m. of the 22nd between which hours the centre of the typhoon passed over the port.

At S Cape the barometer had fallen 0.14 since noon and at 6 p.m. read 29.34. The wind had veered since the former hour and increased in force, it was now from SW of force 7, the weather being squally, showery and gloomy.

""

On the other side of the Channel on July 21st at 6 p. Lamocks, Swatow and Breaker Point had light to gentle W & SW breezes with overcast weather barometer 29.43 at the latter station and Lamooks. The Fokien near Breaker Point having left Swatow for Hongkong about noon reported "moderate W to SW winds with rain and heavy cross swell to port." The barometer was rising. At Chapel Island there was a moderate NNW gale, barometer 29.29 and cloudy weather. The Benlarig had at 8 p.m. a strong W gale with increasing sea. At 6 p.m. "brilliant yellow sunset was noted. At the lighthouse stations in the N part of the Channel the wind was backing and increasing somewhat in force, the weather being cloudy and squally. Turnabout and Middle Dog both had the barometer reading at 6 p.m. 29.37 this being the lowest recorded and wind being NE 6 and ENE 6 respectively. At Ockseu it was NNE 5. The Mathilde close to Ockseu at 8 p.m. experienced a fresh NNE gale and high sea, barometer 29.35 (lowest).

Since 6 p.m. the barometer at Anping had been falling very rapidly the wind remaining Southerly of force 10 the heavy squalls being of full typhoon force. At 9 p.m. the barometer attained its lowest point and read 28.62 the wind at the time being somewhat less strong. The centre passed W of the port distant about 10 miles at this time. At 9.15 p.m. the wind backed to SE for 5 minutes in a very heavy squall. At 9.30 p.m. the direction was again South and the barometer had risen 0.10 since 9 p.m. At 10 p.m. it had backed to ESE and was of force 10. At 10.30 p.m. the same wind. At 11 and 11.30 p.m. it was NE of force 8. Mr. STRANGMAN, the observer, has a note "11.15 p.m.- 0.15 a.m. wind lessened in force, a lull compared with what preceded and followed." At 11 p.m. the barometer read 29.17 having risen no less than 0.55 inch since 9 p.m. At this time the rise was checked for 1 hour, the reading being 29.16 at 11.30 p.m. and 29.17 at midnight. At the latter hour the wind had backed to NNW a strong gale. It was overcast and squally, but the heavy rain had ceased. Mr. STRANGMAN adds: "Enormous amount of damage to life and property ashore and afloat, the shipping suffering severely. Three big Amoy junks being blown into a sweet potatoe field. The sea rose 2 feet above the highest water known here for some time.

""

At Takow at 6 p.m. July 21st the barometer reading was 29.24, the wind being from SSW of force 8 with heavy rain squalls. The barometer was falling very rapidly and the wind increasing in force the direction remaining constant at SSW according to the observations on board the Firebrand. The Custom House observations give the wind at 9 p.m. as WSW force 10. The force at that hour agrees with the Firebrand observations, but the directions are 4 points asunder. The reading of the baro- meter was 29.02, a fall.of 0.22 since 6 p.m. Between 9 and 10 p.m. the barometer fell 0.29 according to the Custom House observations and 0.35 by the Firebrand readings, the readings being 28.73 and 28.675 respectively. The latter was the lowest reading recorded on the Firebrand, but the Custom House observations were made every quarter of an hour and we have from them the lowest reading at 10.45 p.m. 28.69. At 10 p.m. the wind was from SSW of force 10 to 12. On the Firebrand an aneroid was used and up to 9 p.m. the readings agree very well with those of the Custom House where a standard mercurial barometer is used. The aneroid of the Firebrand appears to have become deranged and read too high after the passage of the centre. The readings of the Customs House barometer are therefore afterwards alone used.

39

427

The following remarks are from the register of the Firebrand :-

6.00 p.m. Very heavy squalls, with heavy rain.

8.00 p.m. Tremendously violent squalls, with heavy rain. 10.00 p.m. Blowing a hurricane.

10.30 p.m. Calm, barometer commenced to rise.

10.50 p.m. Blowing tremendously from NNW.

11.00 p.m. Blowing WNW 10 to 12 with much rain.

Midnight. Blowing very hard from WNW.

At 11 p.m. the barometer read 28.96, it had risen 0.27 in a quarter of an hour. At midnight it read 29.22 or 0.53 higher than at 10.45 p.m. The wind was at midnight from WNW of force 8 to

10.

The centre passed therefore over Takow at 10.45 p.m. The exact duration of the central calm we do not know unless we assume from the Firebrand observations that it fell calm at 10.30 p.m. exactly in which case it must have been of about 20 minutes duration and would correspond to a diameter of 4 miles, the rate of motion at the time being about 12 miles per hour. The state of the sky was not recorded unfortunately and we therefore do not know whether there was any partial. clearing of the sky during the passage of the calm centre.

Previous to striking the coast the typhoon was moving in a SEasterly direction, but it then appears to have been deflected almost at a right angle and to have moved NË for a short time and it also at once commenced to fill up rapidly. It will be seen by reference to the Anping observations that the barometer ceased rising at 11 p.m (29.17) and in fact read 0.01 lower at 11.30 p.m. (29.16). At midnight it was (29.17) and thereafter it rose, but not very quickly. The wind at 11 and 11.30 p.m. was from NE of force 8, but at midnight it was from NNW of force 9. The reading at Takow at midnight was 29.22 the wind being from WNW of force 9, and the rain squalls still continued.

At S. Cape the wind had increased in force since 6 p. July 21st. At 9 p.m. it was SW of force At midnight SW 9 with rain squalls the whole evening. The barometer had in the meantime fallen from 29.34 at 6 p.m. to 29.29 at midnight.

8.

At midnight July 21st vessels off the coast near Hongkong had moderate to fresh W and WSW breezes. At the coast stations and light houses between Breaker Point and Chapel Island gentle W breezes chiefly prevailed. At Lamocks it was SSW of force 3. The weather was cloudy but fine. From Chapel Island to the northern entrance to the channel the winds ranged from moderate N gales in the southern part of the area (the Benlarig had a fresh N by W gale with rain squalls) to strong NE and ENE breezes in the northern part, the weather being squally over the entire area. On the N coast of Formosa, at Tamsui at 9 p. July 21st the wind was NE of force 2 and the weather cloudy. At Keelung a few miles to the Eastward of the former station the wind is recorded as SE 3 the weather being showery and gloomy. The lowest recorded readings of the barometer occurred at this time. Neither of these stations had strong wind though at 6 p.m. the centre was only about 150 miles distant. The intervening range of mountains may account for this. At midnight July 21st the centre was situated in 22° 53', 120° 33'. After midnight the barometer at S. Cape continued to fall, but very slowly, when the daily variation is allowed for, and attained the minimum at 6 a. July 22nd, the reading being 29.24 after which it commenced rising. The wind had, in the meantime, veered to W at 3 a., at 6 a. W the force being 10 at the latter hour. There were rain squalls at 3 a., but at 6 a. the rain had ceased. The barometer read at 9 a. 29.32, at noon 29.35 the wind direction having veered to W by N of force 9 at the latter hour and the weather being squally and showery. The rainfall for the 24 hours ending at 9 a. July 22nd was 5.30 inches. At Takow at 1 a. the wind was from W of force 8 to 12 after which hour it remained steady from the same quarter of force 9 on an average till 6 a. with continuous rain squalls the whole time. At 7 a. the wind veered to NW and continued this direction for the remainder of the day. The force is given as 7 to 8 at 7 a. At 9 a. the average force was 5, at noon 4. The weather continued squally after 7 a., but the continual rain ceased and was now intermittent. Lightning was observed at 11 a. The barometer at 9 a. read 29.38, at noon 29.43. The rainfall for the previous 24 hours measured at 9 a, July 22nd was 5.00 inches.

At Anping the barometer commenced rising again after midnight of July 21st, at 1 a. July 22nd it read 29.22, at 2 a. 29.26 and it then remained steady at 29.27 till 6 a., at 9 a. it read 29.36, at noon 29.41. The wind at 1 a. was NW force 7 thereafter it continued the same direction until 8 a. but the force increased to 10 at 3 a. After 5 a. it decreased, the force at 6 a. being 9, at 7 a. 8. At 9 a. the wind veered to NNW, and from 10 a. until noon it was from NW by N. The weather was overcast with frequent squalls the whole night but no rain fell. At 10 a. there was some clearing of the sky. The rainfall for the 24 hours ending at 9 a. July 22nd was 7.36 inches.

At Fisher Island there was still a whole gale from NW at midnight July 21st and the heavy squalls of wind and rain continued. The barometer was rising slowly. At 3 a. July 22nd it read as at midnight which, allowing for daily variation, is a slight rise and the wind was then a whole gale from WNW. At 6 a. the direction was NW but the force had decreased to a fresh gale. At 9 a. it was NNW force 8 the rain squalls had ceased and the sky was no longer overcast, some blue sky being visible. At noon there was only a strong NW breeze. The barometer read 29.30 at 6 a., 29.41 at 9 a., 29.44 at noon. The rainfall for the previous 24 hours measured at 9 a. July 22nd was 4.65 inches. At 6 a. on the 22nd light to moderate W and SW breezes were blowing on the SE coast S

428

40-

of Amoy, the weather being cloudy but fine. At noon the wind in this district had become more southerly and very light. The weather was generally fine with clear sky in some places. At the northern entrance of the channel the wind had backed somewhat since midnight and at 6 a. July 22nd there blew chiefly moderate to strong N breezes, the weather was squally and showery. The barometer was rising. At noon much the same weather prevailed in this district. The only vessel's log calling for special remark is that of the Bengloe which was at noon in 25° 03', 119° 46′.° A fresh NNE gale with rain squalls and high cross sea was experienced, the wind having backed during the early morning hours and increased in force. The high confused sea was general in the channel all that day. At Tamsui and Keelung in Northern Formosa gentle NE breezes prevailed at 9 a. July 22nd, the weather being cloudy and at Keelung showery. Keelung had received 0.74 inches of rain during the previous 24 hours. At Bolinao (Luzon) light and gentle S breezes with. squally wet weather prevailed on the afternoon of the 21st, barometer 29.66 at 4 p. but during the early morning hours of the 22nd the wind veered to SW and blew a gale with thunder and lightning and heavy rain, barometer 29.68 at 6 a. Late in the afternoon the wind veered to W, a moderate breeze, and the weather continued wet and squally. The barometer read 29.67 at 6 p. and was rising slightly. The centre on the 22nd at 6 a. was situated in about 22° 45', 121° 25'. It must have crossed the high mountain range running North and South through Formosa, about ESE of Anping and passed out to sea again. It appears likely that it then moved a little to the S of E for some time. There was some veering of the wind at all the S Formosa stations about this hour and the lowest reading of the barometer was recorded at S Cape at 6 a., the reading being lower than those either of Takow or Anping. At noon the probable position of the centre was in 22° 40′, 122° 30'. Fresh SW monsoon was blowing at the time over the greater part of the China Sea, unfortunately no logs of vessels to the Eastward and Southward of Formosa are available and the position of the centre is laid down with reference only to the stations to the Westward of the typhoon.

The following are the observations for July 22nd at noon:-

Bolinao,

Hoihow,

SSW 410 WSW 700

Hongkong,

W/S 450

COAST STATIONS.

29.69 .02 .60 + .01 .54 + .03

SW

ESE

W

Breaker Point,

W

340

.51 + .04

SW

Swatow,

WIN

330

.53 + .14

SSW

Lamocks,

WIN 290

.52 + .15

SSW

01 ∞ ∞ IN

0.

Oq•

0.

cm.

b.

C.

Chapel Island,

WNW

260

.50 + .28

calm

C.

Amoy,

WNW 280

.50 + .17

W

Ockseu,

NW/W 220

N

Turnabout,

NW 220

.50 + .05

N

Middle Dog,

NW/N 240

.48 + .01

N

Foochow,

NW

260

.50 + .02

NE

Steep Island,

N

450

.59

.07

NNE

North Saddle,

N

480

.58

.02

ENE

Tamsui,

NNW

160

.42

.05

NE

Keelung,

NNW 160

.43

.05

NE

Fisher Island,.

WNW 180

.44 + .29

NW

Anping,

WIN

130

.41 + .05

Takow,......

W

130

.42

.00

NW/N NW

4

South Cape,

WSW

100

W

.35 .13

W/N

148430 C7 H 00 07 CO OO HO

C.

C.

omp. C.

cq.

CV.

C.

3

C.

cp.

cm.

C.

tremendous sea.

orq.

9

qgd.

VESSELS.

S.S. Phra Chom Klao,

..11° 39'.

109° 16'

SW 1000

29.74 SSW

4

clear.

. Bk. Nicoya,

.15 15

109 40

SW/W

850

SW

Kitty,

.18 3

107 57

WSW

880

SSW

S.S. Decima,

.18 52

111 33

WSW

650

.54

SW

"

Wingsang,

.18 4

114 21

SW/W

530

.58

SW

"

Ganges,

.18 15

113 0

WSW

590

.52

SW

Thibet,

.19 39

112 19

WSW

580

.57

WSW

>>

Camelot,

.20 21

113 19

WSW 520

SW

""

Electra,

.22 19

114 55

W

430

.53

W

13

دو

Esmeralda,

22 19

115 13

W

120

var.

"

Yungping,

.22 20

115 14

W

420.

calm.

""

Taisang,

22 25

115 20?

W

420

.47

WSW

"

Fushun,

.23 58

117 58

WNW 270

var.

""

Benlarig,

.23 57

118 48

WNW 230

42

W.

""

Tsinan,

.24 6

118 26

WNW 260

.48

W

Oceana,

.24 20

118 54

WNW 230

.57

NNW

A1001m: 101010 or or orari i

ó ó ó ó

3

q.

0.

"

"9

Bengloe,

.25 3

119 46

NW 210

NNE

"

Asagao,

.25 23

119 42

NW/N

230

NNE

8 & 8

Lennox,

.26 38

121 24

NNW

260

.47

NE

5

moderate sea.

do.

SW swell. moderate sea.

SW swell.

fine swell.

confused sea. heavy S sea. fine. NE swell.

dull threatening.

"" Canton,

.27 34

121 36

N/W 300

.62 NE

fine S swell.

"J

"

City of Rio Janeiro, ...28 49 126 8 NNE 420

.53 ENE 3

The average isobars, wind forces and directions from noon on the 20th to noon on the 22nd are represented in Fig. 1. The following table exhibits the distance in miles from the centre in different directions at which different barometric pressures were registered:

29.20 29.30 29.40 29.50

29.20 29.30 29.40

29.50

N

25

50

100

200

S

35

60

100

150

NE..

30

50

90

160

SW

35

70

120

220

E

40

70

100

150

W

40

70

160

290

SE

40

70

110

150

NW

30

55

130

270

41

429

It should be remarked that the above are average results as pressure decreased near the centre till it struck the coast of Formosa.

The average angles between the direction of the wind and the radius are shown in the following table. The first column shows the bearing from the centre. The first line the distances in miles between which the angles were obtained :-

0-50

50-100

100-150

150-250

> 250

NNE

59°

48°

36°

+420

ENE

60

67

79

+29°

27

ESE

54

46

66

78

SSE

...

68

78

42

SSW

...

67

...

66

+18

WSW

50

31

22

+9

3

WNW

59

51

50

5

-33

NNW

49

60

40

+61

+83

Mean.....

53

49

44

39

6

י

The

A negative angle indicates anti-cyclonic motion. It is seen that at a great distance from the centre the wind blew nearly straight towards it, while near the centre the wind direction was 59° away from the centre. On an average it was 69° in front of the centre and 22° behind the centre. diagram shows clearly that the wind was blowing almost straight into the typhoon behind the centre. This was known to be the case with typhoons passing Hongkong and moving westward. It is now proved also for typhoons moving eastward. On an average (within 250 miles) the wind formed an angle of 45° with the radius. But in the right hand semi-circle the angle was nearly a point greater than in the left hand semi-circle. All these results bear out FERREL's opinion, that it is the prevailing wind that causes the typhoon to proceed, and that the wind direction round the centre is the result of a combination of the cyclonic motion and the motion of the centre. Therefore the incurvature is more uniform round the centre for strong winds than farther from the centre where the winds are light.

The forces of the wind in different directions and distances from the centre are shown in the following table :-

Miles.

NNE

ENE

ESE

SSE

SSW

WSW

WNW

NNW

30

10

10

10

9

10

9

10

75

6

8

9

8

8

7

8

125

5

5

7

7

5

6

6

200

3

4

5

5

3

3

5

This shows that the wind was strongest in the right hand semi-circle, where the cyclonic and progressive motion acted in approximately the same direction, and the amount of the difference between the wind velocities agrees near enough with the speed of the centre.

The wind force in a typhoon in the Formosa Channel whose centre usually makes westward is strongest to the N of the centre i. e. in the right hand, the dangerous semi-circle. In this typhoon the strongest wind was to the S as the centre moved eastward.

at sea.

It was densely overcast within from 200 to 250 miles of the centre. Rain commenced to the N of the centre within 200 miles, to the E within 250 miles, to the S within 150 miles, and to the W within 180 miles. Heavy cross seas were logged within 200 miles of the centre on all sides of it, so that the sea got up before the wind rose to a fresh breeze, thus giving early warning on board the vessels A gradient of 0.01 inch in 15 nautical miles corresponded to force 4, 0.02 to force 6, 0.03 to force 7, 0.04 to force 8, 0.06 to force 9, 0.15 to force 10, 0.25 to force 11 or 12. The steepest gradient 0.30 in 15 miles occurred at Fisher Island between 2 p. and 3.30 p. on the 21st July accompanied by full typhoon force. It is evident that the wind forces were to a great extent under- estimated, as frequently happens when a beginner observes in a typhoon for the first time. However many of the observers were old hands, and it must be remembered that the wind blows in tremendous squalls in a typhoon along tracks on both sides of which the wind is not felt so much. The compara- tively low forces recorded may therefore be due to chance at least to some extent.

During the afternoon and evening of the 22nd the wind gradually decreased in force in Southern Formosa and the barometer continued rising. The weather at S Cape and Takow was squally and showery and lightning was noted during the evening. At Anping the weather had improved greatly, towards evening the sky having cleared. At S Cape at 9 p. the wind was from W by N force 3 barometer 29.49. At Takow NNW 3 barometer 29.52. At Anping NE 4 barometer 29.48. At Fisher Island N 4 barometer 29.51 and fine weather. On the SE coast light SE airs and breezes chiefly prevailed, the weather being fine and the barometer still rising. In Northern Formosa there were light NE breezes, fine weather and the barometer was rising, at Tamsui 29.58, at Takow 29.54. At the lighthouse stations at the Northern entrance to the channel the wind was from NNE and NE gentle to moderate breezes with fine weather and rising barometer. Some vessels at the time in that part of the channel experienced the same wind and weather.

The typhoon had apparently moved to the Eastward since noon of July 22nd.

430

1892.

Hour.

Bar.

July 20

1 a. 2

...

3 29.67

July 21

...

FISHER ISLAND.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force

ENE

...

: ܗ: :

Weather.

Rain.

2

om r

.63

ESE

3

10 11

Noon

1 p.

.63

.62

...

SE 3

SE

2-3

2

3

C

...

omg 0.20

om r

.55

SE

3-4

o m

...

...

.52

SE

4 om d

વ્

...

***

Bar.

42

Temp.

29.70

78

...

ANPING.

WIND.

Dir. Force

...

NE

2

...

Weather.

Rain.

...

...

...

Bar.

Temp.

TAKOW.

WIND.

Dir. Force

...

...

.66 80 SE 1

...

cp 0.03 29.68

84 SE 7

...

...

...

...

.59 86

...

S

6

...

bdo

...

...

...

...

...

...

: : : : : 8

.62

86

SE

8

...

...

6

10

11

1234 10 6 1 ∞ σ

Midt.

1 a.

29.47

.41

.40

.37

.36

.54

...

...

...

ESE

...

6 omrq

ESE 6-7 ompdq 8omprq

SE

SE 8 ompdq

8

SE

ESE 8-9 o mr q

...

...

...

...

.56 80

SSE

2

...

...

...

...

.60 83

SE 8

...

...

g

...

...

...

...

29.54

81

SW

6

.50 81 SW 6

...

...

b d

...

...

.32

SE

6

...

...

.30

SE

.31

SE

8-90 mg q 8 omrq

.51

...

...

...

.31

SE

8

.46 81 S

...

6

.28

SE

10

.23

SE

11

.21

SE

6

...

6

6

6.67

Noon

.15

SE 10

...

.36

.43 81 SSE .40 82 .38 81 81

S 8

77

1.95

.49 82 .47

SSE 8

r

...

WSW

9 ord

.45

...

SW

6

1 2 3 THO

1 p.

.04

SE 10

.33 81

9

::

...

.42

.41

...

28.94

SE 11

.30 81

SSW

.84

ESE

11

.26 81

.80

NE

12

...

.79

.89

29.00

.15

...

6

Z Z Z Z Z

N

12

.19 81 S .09 80

6

6

6

.40

...

.36 79 wsW 10

I'

.31

...

...

N

12

N

10

N

6

N

9

28.98 80

10

.87 80

10

.68 81

10

.12 80

9

...

...

...

.19

.14

.02

wsw 10

...

r

bo

...

28.73

.96

...

29.22

.28

...

.28

8

8

7.36

.17

10

11

.21 .23

...

Midt.

.25

July 22

1 a.

.25

...

.25

.25

.27

...

6

.28

...

.30

.34

.36

NW

9-10

10

NW 10

NW 10

NW 10

NW 10

WNW 10

NW

NW

8

NW 8-9

NW 8-9 bem q NW 8-9

...

29.17

.82 80 ESE 10

80 .17 80 NNW

NE 8

...

..26 80 .27 80

.27 80 .27 80 .27 80

.22 80

NW

8

10

9

10

060

6

.31 80

:

.35 80

...

9

.41

NNW 8

bem 4.65

.36 81 NNW

10

11

Noon

.44

NW 6

c m

...

123410 CO 1 ∞ σ

1 p.

.40

...

NW 6

bc m

.38 80 NW/N .40 80 .41 80

...

.42 81 NNW

.42 81 .41 82

...

.51

N

4

:

...

.41 82

...

...

.42 81

N

.44

N 5-6

b m

.44 81

...

9

10:

.45 81 .46 81 .48 81

...

NNE

NE

...

.51 81

11

.51 81

Midt.

.55

N

4

.53 81

...

8

8

7

∞ ∞ 00 00 00 00 1– 10 10 +32

...

...

...

.38

...

::

:

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

WNW 10

Τ

...

.44

W

9

0

...

...

...

.52

WSW 8 bl

...

...

...

...

...

Weather.

Rain.

...

...

$2.50

...

...

0.05

1892.

Hour.

H.M.S. "FIREBRAND"

Bar.

AT TAKOW.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force

Weather.

Rain.

July 20

1 a.

2

3

29.73

8

.70

S

1

оср

6

10

11

Noon

...

.68

SE

3

!

1 p.

.68

SE

3

2

.65

.61

.62

...

SE S

...

3

.61

.61

7

.61

8

.63

6

July 21

11

.62

...

Bar.

:

43

Temp.

S. CAPE.

WIND.

Dir. Force

...

Weather.

Rain.

Bar.

Temp.

OCKSEU.

WIND.

Dir. Force

431

Weather.

Rain.

:

3 c g

79

NE 1 C V

1 bc

78

2

c

...

2

bc

1.18

82 NNE 1

83

1

omr

...

ESE 1

2:28:

77

ср

2

2

◊ m

*7

NE

1

1 omplt

R:

77

2

с

3 omplt

78

2 C V

...

...

...

om d

3

78

d w o

3

...

:~ : ~ : ~ : ~ : ~ : ~ : ~ : ~ : : ~ ::

...

cr

...

оёр

doo

p

b do

...

...

...

...

...

...

29.69

::

.67.

::

78 SE/S

78 SE E

.68 83

: :

99*

::

SSE

81 S/E

.59 84 SSE

.59 81 SE

.63

::

...

78 s/w

.61 80 S/E

...

.49

82 s/w

:

.49 81 SSW

10

.70

.67

4

2

Midt.

.57

5 ogr

1 COT 10 CO 1 00 σ

1 a.

.52

SE

5

1

2

.53

SSE 6-7

3

.52

6

...

.53

...

2-4

.51

2-4

...

q r

.50

...

6-7

.49

.49

***

9

.48

S/E 3-6 3-6 3-6

...

10

11

Noon

.48 .44

.43

S

5

...

1234567

1 p.

.40

...

2

.38

...

.34

...

.31

5

Ssw 4-10

SSW 5-8

...

5-8

5-8

7-9

4.

***

...

4

om p

79 ENE

3 o ud

:

...

...

...

...

...

...

LO

5

om p 1.92

79

NE

4

::

:

.48 81

SSW

::

.48

::

::

:

...

...

...

...

76 sws

6 omqgrt

79

4

::

:

...

...

om d

1.23

...

...

...

...

.40 76

SSW

6 omqgrt

...

.40

...

.28

.24

.37

7-9

...

.34 76 SW

7 omqgp

...

28:

80

...

4

o m

...

.18

...

.13

.02

10 11 Midt.

28.68 29.13

.30

July 22

1 a.

.33

.34

.35

.32 .38

.38

8

...

6

:::

9-10

10-11 oc qr

10

10-12

...

...

.34

.33

.33 78 .31

SW

8 omqgr

78 NNE 5

78

...

6

cm

...

WNW 10-12

.30

...

...

...

...

...

W

8-10 ocq r 8-12 o q r

.29 77 SW

9 omqgr

...

78

7

o m

2

|8-10

.29 .28

...

...

...

8-10

.27 77

W

...

9 omqgr

...

78

6

o m

8-10

.25

...

8-10

,24

...

...

8-10

.2480 W

...

...

10 omqg

.39

...

NW

7-8

.26

8

.42

...

7-8

dbo

c

.29

...

6

.46

2-8

...

ocgr

...

.32 81

W

9 omqgp 5.30

10

.49

2-8

...

...

...

...

11

.48

...

2-6

olq

...

Noon

.51

2-6

o c q

...

.35 78

W/N

9 omqgd

1 p.

.50

2-6

IR DIE :::

77

4

em p

77

4

c m

...

82

4

bc

...

...

...

...

.51

2-6

...

...

.50

2-6

оса

.39 80

8 WNW

c m q

83

.51

2-6

oc q

...

...

ས་

2-6

...

...

.56

2-6

.47 78

WNW

5

c m

8:: 8:

4

bc

...

83

NNE

3

bc

2-6

.58

...

9

2-6 NNW 2-4

10

.62

c q l 2-4

..

: : *

.49 79 W/N

3

cm p

80

...

...

...

11

2-4 bcql

Midt. .62

NNE 2-6 b c q

.53 80wN

5 bempl

78

ܗ: : : :

2

...

432

1892.

Hour.

Bar.

TURNABOUT.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force

July 20

1 a. 2

:

3 29.71 79 NE

:: 2 :::

4:2:2:

.74 79

...

...

10

11

Noon

1284

12

1 p.

6

Nii Nii

2

2

:

Weather.

Rain.

...

.63 82

::

...

.69 81

*::*::*:

.65 80

Vari-

::ཡི::ཤྲྰི

Ni w::

2

3

.67 84

NNE 3

2

...

.64 78

July 21

10

11

Midt.

1 a.

2

.61 80

...

E

3.

...

E

3.

:ico

...

...

Bar.

44

MIDDLE DOG.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force

...

::

...

Weather.

Rain.

Bar.

29.64

78 NNE

1 b

...

...

29.71

...

...

...

...

...

...

d 3 o

с

...

...

.531 80

ENE

4

O

...

...

: 8

...

.64 78

...

.66 81

...

.62 81

::

⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ z ⠀ ⠀⠀⠀

.58 83 NE

::

.59 81

::

...

...

...

2

bcm

::

2

...

1

1

E

1

...

...

.59 81

ENE

...

1

...

.58 80

...

::

.56 80

...

...

...

bc

...

...

1

bel

...

...

FOOCHOW.

WIND.

Dir. Force

Temp.

78

...

.72 78

...

...

...

...

Weather.

Rain.

:

SW 2

...

b c

...

...

...

...

1

...

...

...

...

...

...

.60

89 NE 1

bc

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

.63

77

SW 1

O

...

...

...

2.

C

.55

...

78 E

2

...

...

...

...

3 or 0.66.

...

.52

80:

NE

.45

78 E

...

...

...

6

10

29.50 79

.48

.50

.49 81

.50

...

ENE 5.

ENE

6.

ENE

6

ENE 6.

ENE 6

.48 80.

2

c

...

...

...

0.12

d w o

11

Noon

.48

.45 81

ENE 6 ENE 6

m p

om q

1250 410 CO 1 ∞ a

P.

.43

ENE 7

o m

.42

NE

7

o m

.42 80

NE

7

om q

.39

ENE

m

...

.38

NE

.37 80

NE

7

o. m

B B

...

...

.37 79

.36

NNE

7 o mu

...

.36

NNE

7

c m

...

9

.38 79 NNE

70 mq p

.39 79

...

10

.38

...

NNE

7

c m

11

.38

NNE

7

b c m

::

.49 81 NE 3

С

•••

.47 80

::

.41

:::::°¦ ¦ ¦

4 c q

:

80

ENE 4-5

c q

...

5-6

cq

5-6

c q

Midt.

.38

79 NNE

7

o m

July 22

1 a.

.37

NNE

2

.38

NNE

7

.38 80NNE

7

.39

NNE

8

7 bem

bem

b c m

bc m

...

::

.41

NNE

7.

c m

...

.43 78

NNE

7 cm up

.44

8

.47

NN

7

και ο

6

.48

79

NNE

10

.49

NNW

7 O m

g m p 0.08

6 g mp

12 : 12 : 2 ::8

...

.39 79

5-6

са

...

...

.37 79 NE 5-6

bo

...

...

.38 79 N 5

૦ ૧

...

...

.44 80

N 5

C

0.68

...

11

.50

N

Noon

.50

80

N

6. 6

cmp

om p

.48 81

4

c

...

1 p.

...

...

2

...

6

10

.50

.50

...

::

81

J:: J:: 0 :: 0 :: 8:

80

6

ер

46 81

NNE

NE

5

.56

79

4

...

b

eee

q.

11

Midt.

.57 79 NNW

3

b

...

...

.46 80

.49 80

...

C

4

C

::

...

...

...

...

་ ་པ་དྨེ་ཧཱུྃ་

....

...

4 or

.49

75

3

...

...

...

.45 79 NE 3 or

.50 84

.50

...

...

+

...

...

...

...

91

...

3

.59

...

80

...

.50 78 NNW 2

с

...

:::

...

...

3

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

с 0.74

...

3 b

...

...

...

SE 1 b

---

...

...

...

...

...

...

1892.

Hour.

July 20

1 a.

2

3

8

6

Bar.

Temp.

TAMSUI.

WIND.

Dir. Force

Weather.

Rain.

29.70

86 SE 1 be

10

11 Noon

1 p.

1234

.69 88

6

July 21

10

11

Midt.

1 a.

2

...

...

.70

80

...

...

NW

...

2

0

...

...

...

...

...

***

...

45

433

Bar.

Temp.

KEELUNG.

WIND.

Dir. Force

Weather.

Rain.

...

...

Bar.

29.58

HONGKONG.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force

79 NE .55 79 NEN .55 80 NE N 80NNE

.52

.51 79

NE/N

4

3

3

3 olt

Weather.

Rain.

:

:

.50 78

NNE

...

.50 77

N

...

.52 79

Z

29.69 92 NE

...

~ :

2

c

.51 81

.49 82

.48 83

N

...

.47 83

Z

...

...

.46 82

.44 82

...

.62 96

NE

2

C

.43 82

N/W

...

.42 83 NNW 1

...

...

:

...

...

...

...

...

.67 84

SE

...

...

...

...

...

...

1

...

.51 78 .52 79

.51 79

79 w/s

.50 79

WSW

.47 80 w/s

.43 82 .45 80

NNW

2

...

NW/W

...

0.01

.48 78 .49 78

W/N WNW 4

3

Or 0.12

3

NW

3

2

1

...

...

.47 80 w/s .49 79 .48 80 .49 80

SSW

4

SSW

$

Ι

2

+ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ & CO CO 2 1 ==¦ HCH ∞ CO DI — Q 3 HD 1 2 1

0.02

0.12

0.11

3

3

3

1

A O

...

...

::

b

...

...

.50 85 SSE

2

C

10

...

11

Noon

1 p.

1234 LO

.45

...

...

...

90

...

6

10

11

Midt.

July 22

1 a.

2

3

:::

0

...

...

.40 85 NE 2

c

:

...

...

...

:

...

...

...

...

...

...

.53 90 ESE 1

...

...

...

...

c

...

.43

92 ESE

2

с

*

...

...

...

...

...

.50 80 WIN .50 81

81 W/N

.51 82

NW/W

...

1

.52 83 WNW 1 .53 85 .52 85 .51 86

...

с

W

2

...

.50 88 sw/W|

3

4

WNW

.47 87 SW .45 87 sw/w| .44 85 .45 86 W/N .47 83 .49 83 sw/w .49 82 .53 82

SW

w/s

.38

85

SE

2-4 cgp

.52 82

...

2

IN2 NMH N N N N 100 O

2

...

...

0

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

ESE

.52 81 .51 82 .50 80 xw/w

.49 81

.48 81 .48 81 w/s

с

...

...

...

.49 80

W

...

.52 81

...

.54 83

0

8

9

.36 85

NE

3

c

...

.54 83

...

.42

85

NE 3

0.7

.55 85

1

Q CON 103 50 1 0

10

11

Noon

1 p.

2

...

...

...

::

.56 86 wsw

1

C

...

.55 86

W

2

...

...

...

...

.54 87

w/s

...

...

...

.52

88 sw/w

1

...

...

.51

88 wsw

1

.49

85

NE

3 c

.45 89

NE 2

.49

88 sw w

2

...

...

...

.51

...

...

...

...

87 sw s

2

c

...

***

.49

85

SW

2

...

...

D

...

.51

84 sw

...

.53

...

83 swis

0

0

...

...

...

6

.58

79

NE

2

C

...

.54

...

85

NE 1

C

...

...

.55

82

.55

82.

SSW

1

10

11

Midt.

...

...

...

...

...

:::

...

.57

82

1

...

...

...

...

.57 82

...

...

...

...

...

.56 82

...

...

...

..

434

1892.

Hour.

July 20

1 a.

BREAKER POINT.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force

Weather.

Rain.

Bar.

.63 79

F::::

2

3

29.66

78

NE

:

6

o d

aii a¦ ¦

6

...

46

Bar.

SWATOW.

WIND.

Dir. Force

Temp.

...

...

Weather.

Rain.

Bar.

LAMOCKS.

WIND.

Dir. Force

J:: 3 ::

Temp.

29.64 76

NE

2

0

0.25 29.59 79

...

Weather.

Rain.

NE 4

Or

...

...

::

.57 76

.50

.47

.58 79 NNE 4

::

...

r 0.65

.58 78

...

Vari-

5 able

...

0

ор

1.59

ESE 2-3 om r

...

5-6

6

d

r

1.00

.45 1 77

ENE

m d

60

o q g

o g

200

...

0.34

.29

.41

NE

7

m r

.39

ENE 7

.37 77

NE 7-8

.35

8

o m

8-9

m d

.25 77

6

.25

9

mp q m p q

o g

...

...

00

0.19

.13

6

.05 76 N 10

28.95

...

.95 .99 76 29.04 .10 .17 76

...

...

m p q

mr q

10-11 m r q 10-11 m r q NW 10-11 m rq NW 10

mr q mr q

NNW 10

10 m rp q

...

...

...

....

1

0.16

.27 76 WSW

og d

6

od q 6.70

...

...

.37 76

W 7

orq

...

10.32

...

::

::

...

.39 77 WSW 6

::

8

9

.56

10

:::

76

E

11

Noon

.48 77 E

7

1

p.

***

2

3

.39

77

6

C

2.00

.57 77

NE

.54

...

NE

.30

8

6

.28 77

July 21

10

11

Midt.

1 a.

2

3

.30 75

.30 75

W 6 or

...

.36

75

...

8

6

.45

77 NW

10

11

Noon

1

p.

2

3

.42 80

::88

: :

6

.49

10

11

Midt.

July 22

1 a.

2

3

::

...

...

...

6

...

10

11

Noon

1 p.

1234567

...

...

::

.43

79

2 op

3

.48 77

4

.51 84

3

⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀2 DIF ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

IR DIE DIE DIE

118 : 12 ⠀⠀RDIN

.46 77

.49 78

.57 82 SW

.48 83

.50 81

SSW

9

10

11

...

.58 80

Midt. .59 80 ENE

1

:

.52

NE

.50

NE

:

.48

.46

NE

NE

...

NE

7-80 q

r

.42 75

NE

.39

NE

.38

NE

77NNE 7-8 g

.35

NE

O

SÍ LO LO LỘ 10 10 10 10 47

.34

NE

::

.35

NE

8

b

.33 76 NE

.33

NE

.33

NE

.31

...

NNE

:

.29

...

N

.27

.27 76 NW

.29

.29

5

5 or

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WNW]

6

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WNW

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NW

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80

W

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4

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.44

0

.44

:

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...

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WNW

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1

.39

W

1

.89

WSW

.43

...

W

...

.43

...

W

...

.43 80

.49

.47

...

.45

...

.45

2

.44

1

3

0

.45 78

.47

Calm

.47

3

с

.47

...

.47

1

WSW

.49

1

...

C

.5185 .50

W

1

1

WSW

.51

1

...

...

c

.50

1

S

,50

1

SSW

.52

2

...

3

...

ESE

.47 90

2

SE

.47

SE

.48

SE

2

C

.50

SE

...

***

.51

SSE

.55

0

.54 82

.57

.58

C

.56

222—1—1~

SE

50

60

...

...

.43 77

SW 3

c

:

...

...

...

0.02

.43 77

3

...

...

.42 77

SSW 3

...

.45 76

3

c

...

.45 77.

WSW 2

c

...

:

...

...

.52 79

...

2

...

...

...

.52 84 SSW 2 c

...

...

...

...

...

.49 84 SE 1

.51.79

Nii

C

...

SSE 2 с

:

...

0.51

.58 79

1

C

...

.60 79 E

1

C

...

...

...

1892.

Hour.

123410

July 20,

1 a.

Bar.

47

Weather.

CHAPEL ISLAND.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

29.62

ENE

:

NE

RE:

.64

8

.60

10

11

Noon

.58

1 p.

.56

::

.52

:: 0

Rain.

:

:

coco N N

NE

:::

Bar.

O

O

:

AMOY.

Temp.

29.68

::

::

435

WIND.

Dir.

Force.

::

.65

00

:00

.68

d 3 o

6

1

:

:

.63

:

- P

مة مة

og m

مة مع

10

112 12 12 RIEBIE!

1911 112 112 112

July 21,

10

11

Midt.

1 a.

* GI GO

.44

.22

.22

.18

.18

.18

8

.14

6

.13

10

.17

11

Noon

1 p.

• 00

.55

.54

Weather.

NE

89

.50

NE

:

.50

:

2

Rain.

:

ENE

.38

.33

N

4.96

.36

9

ENE

9-10 10-11

0 g

gmp

NE

11

om p

NNE

11

d wo

11

:

11-12 11-12

omr

om r

omr

N

11 10-11

omr

om d

10

omp

NNW

10

o m

.29

8290

8

6

.38

:

NW

NW

NNW

7

o m

o m

8::

July 22,

10

11

Midt.

1 a.

.42

+

.40

;

4

5

.40

6

10

11

Noon

NNE

.48

888

.50

:::

3866

.36

0.06

B

2

~

: 0:

SSW

1 p.

123

45

.47

.49

9

10

.58

11

Midt.

8

.58

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: 0

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:

4.80

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::

::

::

:

:

:

NE

ALS

:

∞ ∞ 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

888

1.50

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:

:

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SSE

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436

48

Direction in points and Velocity in miles per hour at S. Cape July 20th to 22nd 1892.

1892.

July 20.

July 21.

July 22.

1892.

July 20.

July 21.

July 22.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

ITH LOCO 1 ∞

I a.

E/S

11

S

18

SW/W

50

2,9

SE

20

S/W

17

50

3

""

SE/S

15

18

WSW

53

4

13

24

51

5

SE/E

9

24

52

6

11

SSW

24

W

69

7

SSE

11

S/W

26

60

8

SE/S

15

SSW

30

56

1284 10 CO 2 – 00

1 p.

SSE

17

SSW 30

50

S

16

28

43

37

SSE

14

33

WNW

46

دو

SE/S

14

SW 40

W/N 38

SE

14

42

WNW 30

12

40

28

SSE

11

SW/W

42

NE/N 9

SE

9

SW

48

WNW

6

""

9,,

SSE

12

10

22

S/E 18

SWIS

11 Noon.

24

14

2222

27

59

9

S/W

3

51

W/N

16

28

57

10

E

10

49

W

13

""

27

W/N

50

11

SE S

12

31

49

Midt.

S/E

18

899

51

WIN

27

60

28

S.S. OCEANA.

21, 4a.

NE 7 1

1892-July 20, 4a.

noon 22° 42′

116° 34′

4p.

29.48 NNE

NE/E .26 NE

8 I

7p.

.23

8p.

9 r

9p.

10p.

11p.

midt.

wind and sea increasing 1 in SE and SW. confused sea, great quantity of water on board. wild sea S and E swell. 4.35p hove to.

7p. on course slow.

8a.

noon 22° 28'

117° 03'

4p. 8p. midt.

35

22, noon 24° 20′

118° 54′

.41 WNW 6 .46 WNW 5 .45

1 .38 WSW 4 c .48 NNW

4 o

midt. Turnabout. 23, noon 25° 58′

N

4 b

121° 39′.

.55

N

5

.21 N .23 NNW 9 125

NW 10 гq .28 NW 9 .31 WNW 6

W 6 r

very heavy squalls.

heavy rain, high sea.

moderating.

decreasing wind. in SW. irregular sea.

high NE swell.

moderate sea.

hazy, high N swell.

S.S. GLENGYLE.

1892-July 20, 4a.

8a.

var.

q

4 qr

noon 22° 56'

4p.

116° 41′

29.55

7p. Swatow outer anchorage.

""

ENE

6 g

.27 ENE 10 qr

.27 NE 10

moderate S and SW sea. increasing wind, gloomy.

8p.

.26 NE/N 10

10p.

.24 N/E 10

midt.

.21 N

qr

furious gale with heavy squalls & continued rain.

21, 2a.

4a.

.20 NNW 10 "

.19 NW 9

5a.

6a.

8a.

""

.18

9

,,

""

.22

""

wind moderating.

""

10a.

noon

4p. 8p.

midt. 22, 4a.

8a. Arrived at Hongkong.

1892-July 20, noon Tung Yung Island.

8p. Turnabout.

midt.

21, 2a. Ockseu.

4a.

8a.

10a.

.25 NW/W 7 .28 WNW .33

4 od

W 5

SW 5

.49 WSW 5

.48 WSW 41

S.S. CONTINENTAL.

29.69

.64 ESE

.63 ENE

NE 2 4

5 or

.54 .46

9-10

23

13

14

.42 lowest. 10 r

noon Haitan Bay took refuge in consequence of the list.

1892-July 21, noon 27° 21′

8p. midt.

22, 4a.

122° 00′

2 p.m. left for Hongkong. confused sea.

do.

moderately high SW sea.

in SE.

high NE swell. unsteady.

sea rising rapidly.

ship labouring heavily.

confused sea g. q. w. o. d.

carrying away loose parts, cargo shifted. very hard gale, damage done on deck.

high sea.

g. q. w. b.

S.S. BENGLOE.

E

4 0 E/N 6

high sea.

g. q. w. o..b.

NE 6

"

""

8a. noon 25° 03′

NE 8 NNE 8

99

119° 46'

4p.

6

squally. clear.

""

8p.

4

hazy.

midt.

NNW 4

hazy.

heavy rain.

1892—July 21,

8a. Tung Yung.

noon

3.25p. Turnabout.

4p.

49

S.S. MATHILDE.

29.50

SE 5

.41

8p. Ockseu. 4'

midt.

22,

4a.

NE 7-8 .35 NNE 8-9 .41 N 6 .47 SW 5

increasing breeze and sea.

high sea, g. q. w. o. b.'

less breeze and sea.

*

4.25a. Chapel Island.

12.45p. Lamocks.

5.35p. Breaker Pt.

midt.

.50 SW

4

high sea.

.58 SW

4

moderate sea.

S.S. MICHAEL JEBSEN.

1892-July 17, noon 14° 53'

110° 11'

29.70

4p.

8p.

.64

W

4 ol dull and gloomy in NE.

.66 var. WNW-N-SE squalls with lt.

437

midt.

.68

6

18, 4a.

.64

N

6

fine and clear.

8a.

.68

N

head sea.

noon 17° 24'

111° 07'

.68

N

4p.

.60

N/E

cloudy.

8p. midt.

.64

NE/N

7

.68

NNE

4

rather high sea.

19,

4a.

.60

N

""

8a.

.62

N

noon 19° 44′

112° 34'

.60

NEN

4p.

.52

NNE

6

mod. sea.

8p.

.56

NNE

7

midt.

.54

NNE

8

20, 4a.

.48

NE

5-9

""

8a.

.48

N/W

8

noon 21° 29'

113° 20′

.48

N/W

6

4p.

.46

NW

decreasing sea.

increasing sea.

swell from E, NNE sea increasing sea.

very high sea.

from NNE.

6a. very clear atmosphere.

decreasing sea.

swell from NNE gloomy in E.

8p. in Hongkong.

S.S. GWALIOR.

1892-July 15, 4a.

29.78

SW

5

fine and cloudy.

8a.

.82

SW

5

overcast.

noon 11° 36'

111° 03′

.80

SW

5

do.

4p.

.82

SW

do.

8p. 12° 48'

111° 42′

.75

SW

midt.

.72

16, 4a.

.68

8a.

.70

noon 15° 10'

113° 12'

.67

4p.

8p.

.62

midt.

17, 4a.

8a.

.62

noon 19° 01′

113° 54

.65

སྐྱུ ཨཱུ bསྒྱུ8dཉྩ

SW

5

odl.

SW

NNE

4/3

overcast and 1 to Nward.

heavy squalls of rain and wind, wind shifted

to NNE, fell light.

var.

SW/W SW/W

5

squally with rain.

4

W

.62

4/3

WNW

frequent rain.

0

calm and fine E'ly current.

.64

NE

2

fine and clear.

.79

ENE

3

light rain at times.

SSE

3

fine.

E

3

fine passing clouds.

4p.

.60

E

3

fine.

8p.

.64

E

4

passing showers.

midt.

.68

E

"

SHIP J. D. BISCHOFF.

E

5

.62 ENE 5 clearing gradually.

.59 NE 7

1892-July 18, 8a.

29.63

noon 17° 16′

114° 45′

4p.

8p.

midt.

.63 ENE 7

.60 E 7

19,

4a. 8a.

noon 19° 49'

113° 57'

4p.

8p.

.60 E 3 .59 E/N 2 .57 NE 6 .46 NE .53 NNE

freshening.

increasing.

midt.

.45

20, 4a.

.45

8a.

.48

ZZ

N

N

noon 20°

5'

1139 16'

.52 NW

966

7

438

50

S.S. BENLARIG.

1892-July 20, noon. 26° 30'

120° 30′

29.66 ENE 2

4p. midt.

.61 "" .52

4

dark cloudy sky.

""

21, 4a.

6a.

8a.

2a. Ockseu Lt.

5.20 course to E to 3.25p.

noon 24° 20' 119° 14'

4p.

6p. Brilliant Yellow Sunset.

.48 ESE

5

q.

wind increasing.

.42

32

.32 NEE

.32

NE

781

heavy rain, sea rising rapid. weather moderating.

.30

8p.

.27 N 9

wind and sea increasing.

7p.

course to NE/E.

midt.

.26 N/W 8

same weather q. with rain.

22, 4a.

8a.

.27 .35 NNW

وو

weather improving.

6

weather moderating fast.

noon 23° 57' 118° 48'

.42 W

3

weather moderating, high sea from S.

4p. 8p.

.48 WSW

midt.

.54 SW

.53

swell from S.

On the 23rd at noon the wind at S Cape was still from WNW force 5, barometer 29.56 rising. At Takow the barometer read 29.58 the wind being from NNW of force 3. At Anping 29.56 was the reading of the barometer and the wind was from NNW of force 5. The weather was fine at all these stations. Light airs prevailed on the SE coast with fine weather. The barometer had risen about 0.10 inch since noon of the previous day and now read 29.62 at the Lamocks and 29.63 at Amoy. The stations on the SE coast were no longer under the influence of the typhoon. At Tamsui and Keelung light NNW and N breezes prevailed, the weather being cloudy with passing showers at the latter station. The barometer read 29.64 at Tamsui, 29.59 at Keelung. At the northern entrance to the Formosa Channel calm and light N airs prevailed with cloudy but fine weather. Farther north fresh NNW to NNE breezes prevailed at sea, the weather being fine. The Oceana at noon, in 25° 58', 121° 39′, had barometer 29.56 a fresh N breeze with high swell from NW to NE. The Asagao, in 27° 41', 123° 00′, had a fresh NNE breeze with passing showers, barometer steady, during the afternoon the weather was squally and a high NE sea got up. Both vessels were about NW of the centre and they were the only ones in a position to be directly affected by the disturbance at this time. In the China Sea the SW monsoon was blowing strongly.

The centre at noon on the 22rd may have been in about 23°, 12510, but this is very uncertain no data being available for positions to the eastward of the storm's path.

The following are the observations for noon July 23rd :—

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

SW/S

520

29.72 + .03

Hongkong,

W/S

600

.57 + .03

E

Breaker Point,

W

500

.60 + .09

SE

2 2 2

0.

0.

c.

Swatow,

W

500

.57 + .04

E

I

c.

Lamocks,....

W

460

.62 + .10

SE

1

C.

Chapel Island,

W/N

400

.63.13

WSW

1

cm.

Amoy,

W/N

400

.63.13

SW

1

Ockseu,

WNW

370

calm

Turnabout,

... NW/W 330

.61 +.11

N

ن نخ

b.

C.

C.

Middle Dog,

NW/W

340

.55 + .07

calm

em.

Foochow,

NW/W

360

.56 + .06

E

1

C.

Steep Island,..******

NNW

450

.63 + .04

NNE

3

b.

North Saddle,.

NNW

480

.59 + .01

NE

b.

Tamsui,

NW/W 270

.64 + .22

NNW

2

C.

Keelung,

NW/W

250

.59.16

N

2

cp.

Fisher Island,

W

360

.58 + .14

NNW

2

cm.

Anping,

W

300

.56 + .15

NNW

5

b.

heavy sea.

Takow,

W/S

300

.58 + .17

NNW

C.

S. Cape,

WSW

280

.56 + .21

WNW

5

cm.

Towards evening the wind had a tendency to back at S. Cape. At midnight there was a moderate W breeze (barometer 29.62). At Takow and Anping light NW airs prevailed at 9 p. barometer 29.61 at both places. The weather was cloudy at all these stations. In Northern Formosa and at the adjacent channel stations light N airs and calms prevailed with fine weather. The barometer was almost steady. Tamsui had at 9p. 29.65, Keelung 29.63. The Oceana about 140 miles NNE of Keelung at midnight had a strong N breeze with squally weather.

51

439

The conditions prevailing at noon on the 24th were as follows:-

On the western side of the China Sea, below 20° Lat., strong SW monsoon prevailed and on the SE coast to the S of Amoy light to moderate E breezes prevailed. Another cyclonic circulation had been established in the China Sea to the S of Hongkong which will be dealt with later on.

In Southern Formosa light W and NW breezes and fine weather with barometer 29.65 at S. Cape, a rise of 0.09 during the previous 24 hours. At Anping 29.63, a rise of 0.07 in the same interval. In N. Formosa and at the N entrance to the channel light variable airs and fine weather with rising barometer. On the East Coast light to moderate E to N breezes and fine weather with the barometer inclined to fall in the neighbourhood of Steep Island.

The Oceana at noon in 27° 06′, 124° 35′, had a strong NNW breeze with overcast sky and drizzling rain and a high confused sea, barometer 29.52. The Asagao in 29° 58', 126° 03', had a strong NE breeze with rain squalls. The Nurnberg in 29° 37', 125° 37', had a moderate NE breeze with drizzling rain, barometer 29.48. The Picciola in 27° 49′, 121° 26', had a

The Picciola in 27° 49′, 121° 26', had a light NNE breeze, clear sky and a high NE swell. The Meefoo had barometer 29.52, a light NE breeze with very heavy NË swell. She was at 4 p. in 28° 08′, 121° 50′.

The centre of disturbance at noon on the 24th may have been in 26°, 12710, but this is very uncertain.

On the 25th at noon the stations on the East Coast showed a fall in the barometer of nearly a tenth of an inch since noon on the previous day. Winds varied in direction from a SW gentle to moderate breeze at the N entrance to the Formosa Channel, at Wenchow WSW 2, barometer 29.47, at Steep Island NW 5, barometer 29.53, at North Saddle N 4, barometer 29.52, at Woosung NNE 4, barometer 29.50. In Northern Formosa the wind was a light WSW breeze. At Tumsui barometer 29.61. Fine weather prevailed over this district and also on the East Coast.

From the vessels in this district we have the following observations. The Nurnberg had the wind backing from NNW from midnight July 24th to WSW at noon July 25th of force a strong to fresh breeze. The barometer had risen during this interval and read at noon 29.54, her position then being 26° 24', 121° 24'. The weather was cloudy but fine, but had been showery during the night. The Charters Tower was in 27° 07′, 122° 36'. She experienced a fresh W breeze with heavy confused sea. but the weather was fine. The Verona was in 28° 07′, 123° 38′ and had a fresh WNW breeze with overcast squally weather and considerable cross sea, barometer 29.50 falling. During the afternoon. the wind backed and increased in force. At midnight July 23rd it blew a moderate gale from W by S with overcast squally weather and a high confused sea, barometer 29.44 (lowest). At 8 p. there was a N swell. The Levuka was in 28° 57', 123° 59′. The barometer read 29.40 (reading uncorrected but thought to be nearly correct) and a fresh NNW gale was blowing with squally weather, the wind had backed since early morning and the barometer had fallen 0.10 since 6 a. During the afternoon and evening the barometer rose and the wind backed to WSW and decreased to a strong breeze. The Oceana was at noon in 28° 40', 128° 04'. The wind had backed since noon of the previous day. At midnight July 24th she had a moderate W gale with hard squalls and the sea rising with NE swell, barometer 29.29. At 4 a. July 25th, barometer 29.24 (lowest recorded) the wind had come to SW and blew a fresh gale with hard squalls. Lightning was observed in NNE and WNW. At noon the barometer showed a rise of 0.25 since 4 a. and now read 29.49, the wind being a fresh S gale with irregular sea. Later the wind moderated and at midnight was a moderate S breeze. The Phra Nang was at noon in 31° 28', 131° 51'. She had a moderate SSE breeze with drizzling rain and moderate sea, barometer 29.68. The Airlie at noon in 31° 10′, 125° 58′ had a moderate NE breeze, the sky overcast and a high swell. During the evening the wind backed to NNW and increased in force to a strong breeze with overcast rainy weather and a heavy E swell. The barometer readings from this ship are unfortunately worthless, the instrument being out of order. The Picciola was in 30° 44′, 122° 48′. She had a fresh NNE breeze with high confused sea.

The centre was at noon on the 25th in 29°, 126°. The Oceana and Levuka were both at one time comparatively near to the centre as evidenced by the wind direction changing so quickly and it is doubtful whether there was any very considerable depression at the centre and probably storm force was not attained. The path between the 22nd and 24th July is dotted as it is not absolutely certain that the centre of depression of the 25th can be connected with the typhoon which passed over Formosa on the 22nd and in any case this portion of the track is very uncertain owing to lack of observations.

During the early morning of the 26th the lighthouse stations at the mouth of the Yang-tze-kiang recorded the lowest reading of the barometer, the wind at the same time backing from N and NNE to NNW and NW, the force being from a moderate to strong breeze. The weather was overcast and gloomy with occasional showers at some stations. At North Saddle the lowest barometer reading was at 3 a. 29.45. Further South at Steep Island the lowest reading of the barometer occurred some time after 9 p. of the 25th. At 3 a. the reading was 29.49 and the wind which had been NW force 5 at 9 p. had backed to W with the same force at 3 a. Rain fell between 6 and 9 a.

440

52

At the lighthouses at the N entrance to the Formosa Channel gentle to fresh SSW breezes and fine weather prevailed with rising barometer and in N Formosa light variable airs and fine weather with rising barometer were the conditions. In South Western Japan moderate to fresh E & SE winds prevailed with rainy weather and the barometer which had been rather low during the past 24 hours was now slightly rising. Nagasaki had at 6 a. 29.64.

From the vessels in the area under the influence of the depression we have the following observa- tions :—The Airlie had the wind still backing from NNW the previous evening to WSW a strong breeze with squally appearance on the early morning of the 26th. At noon the wind was a fresh SW breeze and the weather was fine. She was then in 27° 56', 121° 53′. With the Levuka the wind was still a strong WSW breeze, at noon the weather being fine. The barometer read 29.65. The Charters Tower had at noon in 29° 35′, 126° 08′ a strong SSW breeze, barometer 29.65, but the sea was no longer confused though still high. The Verona during the early morning had a fresh SSW gale with overcast weather and confused sea. The direction had backed to Sat noon and blew a strong breeze. The barometer was rising and then read 29.59. She was in 30° 39', 127° 14'. The Phra Nang in 30° 23′, 128° 31′ had a moderate S breeze and fine weather, barometer 29.64. The Picciola in 34° 35', 122° 47′ had a fresh NE breeze and squally weather with high confused sea.

The Yung- ping a little NW of the Saddles had a fresh NW breeze and heavy NE swell. The Richard Parsons bound from Shanghai to Hongkong was near N Saddle at 2 p. At midnight July 26th she had a fresh SW gale and high sea.

The centre was at noon on the 26th in about 31°0′, 124°.

On the 27th SW winds were established at sea South of 30° lat. On the East Coast at Steep Island the wind at noon was SW 2, the weather fine and the barometer read 29.70 at 9 a. At North Saddle the wind remained at NW of force 5 until 3 a. At 9 a. it had backed to SW and was of force 4, barometer 29.63 and fine weather. The other stations at the mouth of the Yang-tze-kiang had much the same weather except that the NW wind was lighter in force and the change in direction came some- what later and was to SE in some cases. At the Shantung Promontory winds were light NE breezes Chefoo had NE force 1, and Howki NE 3 at 9 a. The weather was fine at all these stations. Promontory lighthouse the barometer read 29.48 at 9 a. At Chefoo 29.47 both falling slightly. These barometer readings are uncorrected the errors being unknown. They apparently read too low. On the SE coast of Korea at Fusan the wind was a light to gentle SW breeze with passing showers during the afternoon. In Western Japan moderate SE veering to S winds prevailed with fair weather. At Nagasaki the barometer read 29.72 at 2 p. and was almost steady.

The following observations at noon on the 27th July are from vessels:

1

At NE.

Bq. Levuka,

28° 25'

122° 42'

29.70

SW

6

b

"

Richard Parsons, S.S. Phra Nang,

28 52

124 34

SW

high sea.

28 38

125 22

29.70

SSW

6

b

"

"J

China,.....

31 12

181 06

29.84

SSW

5

с

Charters Tower,

32 34

"

Yung Ping,

131 01

34 40 122 15

29.76

SSE

2

fine.

N

4 heavy. E swell.

The China had the wind from SSE force 5 (barometer 29.84) with moderate sea and swell on the previous midnight and the Yung-ping had a fresh NW breeze with rough sea at the same time. No barometer readings were entered in the log of the latter vessel.

The centre of disturbance for noon on the 27th July cannot be stated from the foregoing data with any accuracy, but the circulation of winds indicate its existence and perhaps it may have been in about 33°, 125°.

On the 28th according to the Japanese Weather Maps the depression was situated over the Eastern Coast of Korea. The barometer had fallen generally over Japan and rain was falling on the W and NW Coasts with strong winds veering from S & SW to W. At Itsughara in the Korean Straits the barometer at 6 a. read 29.56 with strong S wind and rainy weather. At 2 p. the barometer was rising on the W coast of Japan and the wind had veered and blew strongly from the West. On the NW coast the barometer was still falling at 2 p. and winds which had been very light in the early morning now blew strongly from directions S to W. At Fusan in SE Korea the barometer read at 9 a. 29.50 (uncorrected) it had fallen 0.19 during the previous 24 hours. The wind was SW force 2, but during the night it had been SW of force 5. The weather was gloomy with drizzling rain. During the evening the weather cleared up and the barometer rose. At Jenchuan in NW Korea the barometer read at 3 a. 29.57 (uncorrected) the wind being from N of force 2. Later in the day the barometer rose and the wind backed through NW to WSW at 3 p. the force then being The weather was fine all day. At Yuensan in NE Korea the barometer at 9 a. read 29.62 (uncor- rected) falling slightly. Light E airs and calms prevailed with very fine weather. Strong SW winds were blowing at sea between the East Coast of China and Western Japan. The centre of depression may possibly have been in 37°, 130°. There was at the time another area of low pressure in North Japan and the depression under notice probably moved NEward across the sea of Japan.

3.

.

53

441

On the 22nd July there was a depression S of Japan of which a few details will be given later on. In this connection the log of the barque Velocity proceeding from Honolulu to Hongkong is given below as she encountered bad weather between the 16th and 21st of July. No readings of the barometer were entered in the log.

July 14, Noon,

15, Noon, Midt., 16, Noon,

6 p. Midt., 17, Noon, Midt., 18, Noon, Midt.,

20

squally.

.17° 41' 144° 51' var.

.17 21

142 50

SE

...16 57

140 39

S

6 mist and rain.

SSE

7

$

9

heavy squalls-decks flooded.

.17 00

136 40

S

7

hard squalls.

SWS

...

8

overcast, lightning all round.

135

0

SW/S

6

SW

8

heavy squalls-lightning all round.

.18 08

133 54

SW/W

8

rain squalls.

4 Pay Midt.,

heavy squalls.

SW

8

decks flooded.

...

20, Noon,

.18

04

133 58

21, Noon, Midt.,

..17 36 134 29

SW/W WSW

8

heavy squalls.

8

hard rain squalls.

heavy squalls.

.16 11. 134 48

W/S

5

19, Noon,

..17 26

***

22, Noon,

The weather prevailing during this period on the China Coast and in Luzon has been already described.

In the absence of any other data within a distance of 1000 miles of the Velocity and for lack of any barometric observations taken on board that vessel it is impossible to determine whether the bad weather was caused by a typhoon in the Pacific or whether the bad weather was a burst of the SW monsoon due to general low pressure to the northward of the vessel.

It is, however, not unlikely that the depression to the S of Japan first indicated by the Japanese weather maps on the night of the 21st and which subsequently passed over Central Japan was connected with the bad weather experienced by the Velocity. It may be that the stations in Formosa were included in the area under the influence of a typhoon in the Pacific on the 19th and two or three previous days. The winds had been chiefly N and NW though light in force.

The observations of the Phra Chom Klao about this time are appended together with those of the Pathan.

SS. PHRA CHỌM KLAO.

4 mod, sea decreasing.

KLAO.

July 19, Noon,

20,

.29° 02'

.30 10

129° 00' 29.70 NE/E 132 28

4

0.

high head swell.

.58

NE

4

nasty head sea.

""

21,

.32 45

135 15

.59

NE

0.

rising head sea.

Midt.,

.58

E

...

22, Noon,

..34 00

138 03

.57

E/N

2

heavy water on board.

Midt., 23, Noon,

.62

SE

...33 09

138 02

.77

SSE

S.S. PATHAN.

July 21, Midt.,

29.62

SSE

22, 4 a.,

.67

SE

...

8 a., Noon,

.68

ESE

.33° 38'

136° 54'

.62

E

4 P.,

.47 E/S

8 P., Midt.,

.44

""

.45

""

23, 4 a.,

.54

"

8 a.,

.59

SE

Noon,

.33 11 136 09

.77

SE/S

Q+∞∞ 03 00 00 00 75

2

4

8

8

8

or.

rough confused swell.

rough swell from S.

high beam sea-rollnig heavily. ship's head to wind..

do.

or. rolling violently.

same weather.

wind and sea decreasing.

The S.S. Nürnberg, from Hiogo to Nagasaki, had NE to N winds on the evening of the 21st and morning of the 22nd with fine weather. At midnight on the 22nd, near Nagasaki, she had a strong NNE breeze with showery weather (barometer 29.46).

On the morning of the 22nd, according to the Japanese weather maps, light to moderate N winds prevailed in Western Japan and strong NE winds in Central Japan with rainy weather. Later in the day winds had about the same direction but had increased much in force. During the evening NE and E gales and strong gales prevailed with rainy weather over Central Japan and strong N breezes in Western Japan with falling barometer. At noon on the 22nd the centre was in 3110, 1321. The centre of the depression had entered the S coast of Japan and was a little N of Kochi at 6 a. on the 23rd. It afterwards crossed the inland sea and NW Japan, and entered the sea of Japan during the afternoon. At 2 p. the centre was near Sakai on the NW coast.

A path from the 16th to the 21st has been dotted in merely as a rough indication of the possible track.

442

54

:

Between the 23rd and 24th July a small depression was formed in the China Sea to the S of Hongkong. It subsequently developed and moved towards Hainan and passed into the Gulf of Tongking. On the 26th it entered the mainland at Haiphong.

On the 23rd July E and SE light and gentle breezes blew along the S coast of China with cloudy but fine weather. In the eastern part of this district the barometer had risen 0.10 and in the western part it had fallen. In Hongkong it was rising slightly. Light W airs and calm during the early morning changed to E about 11 a. of force 3. A gentle

A gentle ESE breeze continued during the remainder of the day. Clouds came up and lightning was seen in the evening. The mean temperature was as high as 82.2. At Hoihow the barometer was falling and the weather very wet with heavy squalls from N to NW. At Pakhoi the barometer was falling and the weather cloudy with a gentle NE breeze. At Haiphong it had risen slightly with gentle NW to W breezes and overcast skies. In SW Luzon strong SSW breezes prevailed with squally and wet weather and rising barometer. At Bolinao during the previous evening the weather was squally with a fresh W breeze, but on the 23rd the wind backed to S again and became light but the weather continued squally

and wet.

There were many vessels in that district of the China Sea to the E of Annam. Their logs show that a fresh SW monsoon was blowing over this area with fine weather. Gradients were rather steep for SW winds in that part of the China Sea and slight for E winds on the S coast of China. There appears to have been an area of slightly deficient pressure in about the latitude of 20° stretching eastward from Hainan.

On the 24th gentle E breezes prevailed on the S coast with a slowly rising barometer. Towards evening it began to fall again. In Hongkong it blew a moderate E or ENE breeze during the day, but it veered late in the evening and blew a fresh ESE breeze decreasing in force. The weather was squally and wet, 1.34 inch. of rain being measured during the 24 hours ending with midnight. At Victoria Peak it blew a moderate SE breeze at noon. The lower clouds came from about E by S. At Hoihow the barometer was almost steady, with a moderate NW breeze and heavy squalls of wind and rain from W to N. The rain was continuous, 2.33 inches being recorded for the 24 hours ending at 9 a. on the 24th. At Pakhoi the barometer showed a slight rise, with fine weather and a light Ñ breeze. At Haiphong the barometer was steady, the wind a light WNW air and the sky overcast. In Western Luzon the barometer was rising. At Bolinao a light SE breeze prevailed with wet

The following are some of the observations :-

weather.

Bolinao, Lamocks,

Swatow,

Breaker Point,

Hongkong,

Hoihow,

Pakhoi, Haiphong,

COAST STATIONS.

...........29.77 + .05 .64 + .02 .61 + .04

SE

SE

E

.62 + .02

E

.60 +.03

E

.48 .00 NW .66 + .03 .00 .54

N

WNW 1

OI OI OI OISH

or.

C.

C.

cm.

opq.

orq.

1

33

C.

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Esmeralda,

O

.21° 08′

118° 55' 29.60

S

0.

swell.

Alwine,

.21 35

111 47

"

Haiphong,

.20 25

111 10

.44 .47 NNE

NE

4. strong wind.

12

Propontis,

....18 51

112 04

.51

W/S

0.

""

Phra Chua Chom Klao,18

24

111 25

.54

W

27

Independent,

.17 23

110 30

.53

W

""

Rio,

.15 41

110 23

.60

SW

>>

Taicheong,

.15 15

113 05

.64

SSW

decreasing wind and sea. high cross sea. heavy sea. moderate sea.

""

Thibet,

.13 19

109 23

.65

W

oq.

Wingsang,

12 44

112 12

.67

SSW

C.

Venetia,

""

Ganges,

.11 00 ..09 32

111 01

.74

SW

high sea. fine.

109 24

.79 SW/W 6

fine.

Several other vessels south of 13° latitude, the steamers Hupeh, Angers, Telamon, Salatiga, Strathesk, Decima, Chelydra and the barque Nicoya, had fresh SW monsoon and fine weather.

Of those more immediately concerned the S.S. Alwine from Hongkong to Pakhoi was taken into Hui-Lung-San harbour before noon for shelter. During the early morning the NE wind was increasing from a fresh breeze to moderate gale with falling barometer. Towards evening a fresh NE gale was logged (barometer 29.46 at 8 p.). On board the S.S. Haiphong the following observations

were taken:

heavy squalls with rain. very heavy squalls. barometer lowest. 4 high sea.

July 24, 10.30 a.,

.20° 17' 110° 56'

29.47

NNE

Noon,

.47

NNE

1 P. 8 P.,

.41

...

21

03

112 17

.47

NE

Midt.,

21 30

112 52

.50

ENE

4

do.

55

443

p.

The barque Kitty in 18° 52', 111° 16' on the 23rd at noon had her barometer falling (29.54) and strong SW breeze. At 5 p. 29.49, at 4 a. on the 24th 29.42, at 5 a. 29.39 (lowest reading). We do not find any wind or weather recorded in the log book since the 23rd at noon. At noon on the 24th she was in 20° 08′, 113° 10′. The S.S. Propontis had the wind backing to SE (5), overcast (8 p. barometer 29.47). The S.S. Phra Chula Chom Klao had a moderate SW backing breeze at 8 (barometer 29.48) with showery weather. The Independent had much the same weather as at noon (8 p. barometer 29.50). The Rio had also the same as at noon but lightning was observed in the NW and NE and the sea was confused (barometer 8 p. 29.56). With the exception of the Alwine these vessels were all bound for Hongkong.

The centre of the small depression appears to have been in 20°, 112° at noon on the 24th.

The following observations refer to noon on the 25th:

J

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

Lamocks,

...29.71

.60 .04

- .06

SE

J

SW

Swatow,

.59 .02

NE

Breaker Point,

.59

.03

SSE

Hongkong,

.54 - .06

W

1Q1Q =

0.

2

cdp.

0.

2

om.

1

0.

Hoihow,

.51 + .03 WSW

4

or.

Pakhoi,

.61 .05. N

4

op.

Haiphong,

.58 + .04

W

1

od.

VESSELS.

S.S. Esmeralda,

...17° 44'

119° 45'

29.63

""

Propontis,

.53

S

""

Phra Chưa Chom Ilao,21 54

113 45

.52

E

Alwine,

.21 35

111 47

.44

NE/E

""

Independent,

.20 19

112 25

.47

S

""

Taicheong,

.19 32

113 49

.55

SSW

Rio,

..18 57

111 44

.52

WSW

""

""

Hupeh,

.16 14

113 31

.60

SSW

Venetia,

.14 51

113 00

.65

WSW

".

""

Angers,

.12 44

111 35

.64

SW

""

Thibet,

..09 49

108 41

.72 WSW

10 Q2 + 6 CO CO 10 TH 00 10 CO

5 oqr. rough sea.

2 op.

4 0.

high sea.

3

0.

6

NW and W swell.

5

fine.

4

fine.

3

fine-SW swell.

fine.

6 0.

SSW sea.

In Western Luzon the barometer was falling with light to moderate S and SSW breezes and wet weather. Winds had become light and variable with cloudy, showery weather at the S coast stations to the E of Hongkong. The barometer showed a fall but at noon it began to rise again. At Hongkong the wind was SE 2 but changed about noon to W in a thunder squall. Later in the day light ESĚ breezes prevailed. It was showery all day. The lower clouds backed to S during the day. At Victoria Peak the wind was SSE 3 at noon. At Hoihow the wind had backed. At 9 a. it was WSW 4 with wet weather. Towards evening it was SSW 4 with heavy rain squalls and lightning. At 9 a. on the 25th 2.85 inches of rain were measured. The barometer showed a slight rise between noon on the 24th and 25th, but was almost steady on the latter day. At Pakhoi the barometer had fallen decidedly. The wind was N 4. The weather overcast and showery. At Haiphong light W/N breezes prevailed with overcast weather and light passing showers, and slowly rising barometer. Winds had backed and become more southerly to the SE of Hainan. To the E of Annam and Cochin China fresh SW breezes and mostly fine weather prevailed. Pressure appears to have given way in the extreme south.

The complete observations for the 25th copied from the log book of the S.S. Alwine are given below. This vessel was lying in Hui-Ling-San harbour (21° 35', 111° 47′).

July 25 la.

29.50

NE 7-8 high sea.

July 25 1p. 29.44 ENE 5-6 high sea.

4a.

.42 NE 7-8 high sea.

2p.

.44

5a.

.41

Heavy squalls with rain, wind un-

3p.

.43 NE-SE 3-7 high sea.

6a.

.40

steady, first going N and back

4p.

.42

7a.

.41

again to E and SE.

5p.

.43

SE 4 high sea.

8a.

.42

6p.

.43

9a.

.44 NEE 6 high sea.

7p.

.44 SE 5 high sea.

8p.

.48

SSE 5 high sea.

10a.

.44

midt.

.50

SE 5 high sea.

11a.

.45

noon

.44

The Phra Chula Chom Klao had barometer rising with the wind SSE 4 during early morning. Later it backed to E. The Propontis had SE 5 at this time and barometer rising. The Independent had the wind backing from W to S 3 and barometer falling. Lightning was seen in the W. The Taicheong had SW 4 at 4a. and SW 7 at 8 a., with wet, squally weather. Lowest barometer 29.53 at 8 a. During the afternoon and evening the wind backed and decreased in force. At 4 p. 29.59 S 4, at 8 p. SSE 3 with S swell and rising barometer. On board the Rio the lowest barometer 29.46 was read at 4 p. It rose in the evening. At midnight 29.58. Winds a.m.: SW 5 rain squalls and rough sea, p.m.: WSW 3 backing to SE 3 and sea moderating.

444

56

At noon on the 25th the centre appears to have been in 20° 45', 110° 30'. It evidently did not increase in intensity and still remained a small depression.

The following observations refer to noon on the 26th:-

COAST STATIONS.

Lamocks, Swatow,

Breaker Point, Hongkong, Hoihow, Pakhoi, Haiphong,

..29.67 + .07

SE

2

C.

.64 + .05

SE

1

0.

.66 + .07

S

C.

.64.+.10

SE

2

olt.

.57 + .06

E

3

C.

.66 + .05 .38

SSE

2

crlt.

.20

NW

8

or.

VESSELS.

S.S. Alwine,

.20° 10'

110° 41'

29.55

S

high sea SE swell.

"

Telamon,

.19 48

112 38

.58

var,

Hupeh,

.19 44

113 29

.65

SSW

4

0.

orq.

33

Venetia,

.18 48

113 51

.65

SSW

0.

""

Yarra,

.18 00

111 03

.60

SSW

3

orq.

"

Salatiga,

.17 13

111

03

.63

S

2

0.

27

Angers,

.16 03

113

41

.65

SSW

4

b.

""

Chelydra,

.15 01

110 19

S

3.

C.

""

Strathesk,

12 50

110 11

SW

6

0.

rough sea.

-

The above observations can be taken as showing the general conditions prevailing all day from Hoihow eastwards. In Hoihow SE 2 prevailed. A very heavy squall of wind and rain from SW accompanied by lightning was experienced at 4.30 p. At Pakhoi winds were light from SE in the morning to S in the evening with wet weather, thunder and lightning. At Hoihow 1.19 and at Pakhoi 4.60 inches of rain were measured at 9 a. on the 26th. Barometer rising at all these stations except Haiphong. From this place we have the following observations :-

July 26

7a.

29.48

26

1.30p.

.33

WNW NW

""

27

7a.

.61

ESE

4 0.

or.

C.

In addition there were two vessels in the immediate neighbourhood. The Chusan lying at Haiphong and the Avochie at Hongay Bay (about 20 miles NE of Haiphong) :

S.S. AVOCHIE.

29.45 NW 4 or2. (Hongay Bay).

Heavy squalls of wind and rain. Wind veering to E and SE

blowing force 12 in squalls,

(Norway Islands outside Haiphong).

Fair and clear in 20° 33', 107° 32'.

26th July, 4a.

Sa.

.29

noon

.24

5p.

.38

27th July, 8a.

.67 SW noon .67 SW

S.S. CHUSAN AT HAIPHONG.

26th July 10a.

11.30a.

29.53 .45

NW NW

17

26th July

3p.

29.40

SW

7

8p.

..52

SSE

1p.

.38 WNW 10

27th July noon

.58

S

2.30p. .28 W/S 10

7

8~~

The Avochie had the wind veering, barometer (29.24) lowest and greatest force of wind with squalls of typhoon force from E to SE at noon. The Chusan had the lowest barometer (29.28) at 2.30 p.

The wind had backed since morning, was now W/S 10.

The centre of the typhoon was at noon on the 26th July in 20° 55', 106° 58'. It passed 5 miles south of the Avochie near noon and at 2.30 p. about the same distance north of Haiphong over the lowlying land forming the delta of the river. It was not of great intensity and the damage done at the town of Haiphong was of a trifling character, but during the passage across the Gulf of Tongking it must have developed somewhat. On the 24th and 25th it was but a small depression. After enter- ing the coast it apparently moved WNWward.

On the 27th light S to SE winds and generally fine weather prevailed with rising barometer in the Gulf of Tongking and in the China Sea to the E and SE of Hainan. Much the same wind and weather prevailed on the 28th with barometer still rising. The S.S. Kongbeng at noon in 18° 26′, 111° 30' experienced a severe squall from the W with heavy rain in the afternoon, but this was not connected with any cyclonic depression. At Hoihow a severe shock of earthquake (direction N to S) was felt at 3 a. There were some indications of a depression E of Luzon previous to the 31st July. In Luzon on the 29th light NW to W breezes prevailed with falling barometer. At Bolinao on the 30th winds had been chiefly WSW gentle breezes with heavy rain. At South Cape (Formosa) light NE breczes prevailed with showery weather. The barometer fell in the evening. On the 31st the

57

445

wind veered and became SSE 2 with barometer rising in the evening. At Bolinao SE 2 prevailed with improving weather and rising barometer. At Lamocks and Breaker Point the wind became SE 2 during the evening. The weather was fine and the barometer slowly falling. At Hongkong the barometer was falling with W 1 and fine weather. The barque Velocity on the 29th in 17° 12", 131° 0′ had SE 5, and on the 30th in 17° 31′, 128° 40' S 6. The following are some of the observa- tions made at noon on the 31st July:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

.29.86 + .04

SSE

1

0.

South Cape,

-

.81 .04

ENE

2

cp.

Lamocks,

.78 .04

W

1

:

Swatow,

.80

.00

SE

1

b.

Breaker Point,

.79

.02

calm

c.

Hongkong,

.80

.01

W

1

C.

Hoihow,

.79 .00

cq.

S.S. Memnon,

Esmeralda,..

Bk. Velocity,

VESSELS.

15° 14'

117° 55'

29.84

WSW

5

q.

.16 22

118 42

.83

SW

5

oqr.

.18 05

125 48

SSW

6 0.

It appears that a very

small typhoon was approaching the China Coast from the SE. on the 30th it is likely that it was in about 19°, 123°, and on the 31st in about 20°, 11910.

AUGUST.

At noon on the 1st of August the following are some of the principal observations :-

COAST STATIONS.

At noon

Bolinao, South Cape,

...29.86 .00

S

.84 + .03.

SSW

4

نن

Anping,

.82 + .01

S

Fisher Island,

.79

.01

SSE

Lamocks,

.78

.00

E

Swatow,

.73 - .07

E

હું છું 。。

cm.

Breaker Point,

.73

.06

NE

4

cp.

Hongkong,

.69

.11

N

2

ctl.

Canton,

.70 .08

NNW

1

C.

Hoihow,

.79 .00

W

2

VESSELS.

S.S. Namyong,

.15° 21'

113° 06'

29.85

SSW

Sh. Charger,..

.16 04

113 03

WSW

S.S. Memnon,.

.18 37

116 07

.75

WSW

7

q.

"

Esmeralda,

19 48

116 12

.75

WSW

6

orq.

""

Ancona,

..22 18

114 44

.69

NE

4

heavy swell. fine.

Aglaia,

.23 11

117 27

דד.

S

Orestes,

.23 34

117 56

78

S

3

C.

""

Activ,

Alwine,

Hoihow. Do.

.75

WSW

.74

WNW

4

93

The centre of the typhoon, which had increased in dimensions and violence, was now in 21°, 116°, but it is somewhat doubtful whether it blew with typhoon force anywhere. The greatest force recorded was a strong gale, and the depression at the centre did not seem to exceed 0.3 inches. The S.S. Memnon certainly reported force 11 and had a jib carried away, but the wind force was overestimated greatly on board that vessel.

Fresh S and SE breezes with squally showery weather and rising barometer prevailed in southern Formosa. At Swatow and Lamocks E to SE gentle to fresh breezes with showers and falling baro- meter prevailed. At Breaker Point the wind veered from ENE 3 (a.m.) to SE 6 (midnight). The weather was wet and the barometer falling. At Hongkong it was calm in the early morning and from NW 1 chiefly during the remainder of the day. The barometer was falling. There was a slight thunderstorm at noon and some showers in the afternoon. At Victoria Peak at noon the wind was N 4. R-cum came from N with c-str. above them. At Hoihow light W breezes prevailed with steady barometer and overcast sky.

The barometer readings on board the Namoa were not good, the instrument having apparently become deranged during the gale :-

S.S. NAMOA.

August 1, 4p. left Swatow for Hongkong.

8p. midt.

SE

SE

heavy SSE swell. showery.

August 2, 4a.

SE

8a.

WNW

10a.

SW

Noon

2p.

SW SW

947

q.

ship rolling heavily. nasty confused sea.

4p. arrived in Hongkong.

446

!

August 1, Noon 23° 34'

"

midt. 2, 5.30a.

6a.

58

S.S. ORESTES.

117° 56' 29.78

.70

(Lowest.) .49

8a. Past Pedro Blanco

Noon

2p. Hongkong.

S calm

00 10 10

.52 NNW to WNW 8 .62

WSW

7

C.

or.

heavy S swell.

S.S. AGLAIA.

August 1, Noon 23° 11′

117° 27' 29.77

S

GD

midt. 2, 4a.

.71

SSW

.59

SE

8a.

.71

WNW

Noon 22° 08′

4p.

114° 24' .74

SW

SW

✡- ∞ ∞

1.2

7

qrl.

SW swell. high sea.

ship labouring.

high SE sca.

S.S. ESMERALDA.

August 1, 4a.

29.75

Noon 19° 48′

116° 12′

.75

WSW

6

orq.

heavy swell.

8p. midt.

.75

SW

5

orq.

2, 4a.

.64

8a.

SW

high sea.

Noon 22° 02'

4p.

114° 39′ .73

SW

8

orq.

high sea, thick.

SW

6.

or.

clearing.

S.S. HUPEH.

August 1, 6p.

left Swatow for Hongkong.

midt. Breaker Point.

29.69

SW

5

oqr.

55

2, 8a.

.67

SSW

oq1

heavy sea.

Noon 22° 37 115° 54'. .67

S/W

0.

4p.

.69

WSW

0.

8p.

.75

WSW

0.

midt. Pedro Blanco.

.80

SW

4

0.

moderating sea.

At noon on the 2nd August the following are some of the observations collected here:-

COAST STATION.

Bolinao, South Cape,

29.90 + .04

SSW

2

b.

.88 + .04

SSW

3

C.

Anping,

.87 + .05

C.

Fisher Island,

.82 + .03

cm.

Lamocks,.

.76

.02

cm.

Swatow,

.73

.00

S/W

opq.

Breaker Point,

.73

.00

W

cm.

Hongkong,

.73 + .04

SW

6

0.

Canton,

.72 + .02

NW

2

oq.

Hoihow,

.78 .01

ENE

2

C.

VESSELS.

Sh. Charger,

..18° 40'

112° 50'

S.S. Namyong,

.19 21

113 46

29.83

SW SSW

5

Activ,

.20 27

111 12

.74

S

Alwine,

.21 35

112 44

.78

SW

6

"}

Memnon,

.21 46

114 34

.71 SW/W

"7

Port Philip,

.23 02

116 54

.71

SW

""

""

Zafiro,

.23 12

116 48

.72

S

وو

Kweilin,

.23 27 117 17

.81

S

4 30 7 6 10 10

og.

oqr.

qi.

qr. high sea.

r.

"

q.

"

In

In southern Formosa moderate S winds and fine weather prevailed with steady barometer. the northern part of the Formosa Channel moderate to fresh S and SW winds prevailed with fine weather and rising barometer. At Lamocks the weather was squally and showery in the morning with veering wind and rising barometer. At Swatow there was ESE 1 with rain in the early morn ing hours. At 9 a. S 6 with oqp. and rising barometer. After 3 p. the wind decreased to SSW 3, (at 9 p.), but the weather remained gloomy and showery. At Breaker Point the weather was showery the whole day with winds SSE 5 till 9 a., and thereafter W 5 to SW 5. After 9 a. the barometer rose. At Hongkong it rose rapidly since the early morning hours with NNW 1. Towards 8 a. it backed and increased smartly in force. At 8 a: W/S 2. At 10 a: SW/W 5.

At 10 a: SW/W 5. At 11 a. SW/W 6. At noon: SW 6. It gradually calmed down in the afternoon. At Victoria Peak at noon: SW 5. The lower clouds backed with the wind. Between 7 a. and 1 p. there were squalls of wind and rain. At Canton the day began with calm. Light W and N breezes prevailed during the day, and then it calmed again. The weather was overcast and gloomy with rain in the afternoon. The barometer rose towards midday.

L

59

447

At 6 a. on the 2nd the centre of the typhoon passed a few miles to the eastward of Pedro Blanco moving northwards. The Orestes making for Hongkong encountered the central calm. After passing through the calm she had first NE 2 and then a fresh NW gale. At noon the centre was in 2310, 115o, it having struck the coast about 9 a. Then the depression filled up quickly as usual.

On the 9th and 10th August light airs and calms prevailed over an area of which 30°, 126° may have been about the centre. The Nürnberg and the Benlarig navigating the area comprised by 28° and 32° lat. and 123° and 130° long. had similar weather with high barometer on the 9th but falling on the 10th during the latter part of the day. The same weather reigned in Japan.

On the 11th a small and insignificant depression appears to have been formed between the East Coast of China and SW Japan. For two or three days previous, S and SE light winds and fine weather had prevailed on the East Coast. The barometer was rather high and slightly rising. Similar weather prevailed in N Formosa.

The following are some of the noon observations on the 11th (the reading at Nagasaki refers to 2 p.) :-

COAST STATIONS.

Keelung,

Tamsui,

..29.85

.94?

.09 NE

2 C.

.07

ENE

2

b.

Foochow,

P

.80 .05

SE

1

C.

Steep Island,

.82 .05

E/S

1

CV.

North Saddle,...

.80 .06

ESE

3

Cv.

Woosung,

.74?

.00

SE

3

b.

Nagasaki,

.89

J

.02

S

b.

VESSELS.

Bq. Levuka,

.25° 21'

121° 03'

E

4 b.

""

Richard Parsons,

.26 50

120 16?

SSW

4

S.S. Deuteros,

.26 27

122 15

29.83

NE

2

fine.

"

Benlarig,

.27 12

121 37

SSW

2 b.

>>

Oceana,

..29 53

126 58

.77

E

6 0. rising sea.

""

Woosung,

.31 49 123 07

.84

SSE

2 b..

These observations show the barometer to have been falling over the entire area, but more particularly over the southern portion. Fine weather prevailed. Towards evening the wind at the stations near the mouth of the Yangtze backed to E and rose somewhat, the barometer falling rather smartly at the same time. Steep Island had 29.78 and North Saddle 29.75 at 9 p. The Deuteros travelling NE had an increasing NE breeze and rising sea towards evening. The Oceana proceeding SW had the wind veering and increasing. At 1 p. she was hove to and did not proceed on her course till 9.30 p. At 4 p: SSE 8 with frequent heavy squalls of wind and rain and a high sea rising. At 8 p: S 7 with lightning to SSE and SW. At midnight SE 6. The glass was not read.

No proper cyclone is indicated, but the centre of the depression may have been in 29°, 126°, on the 11th, and at noon on the 12th in 3140, 12410, but it was ill defined and very uncertain and the track is, therefore, merely dotted for the two days.

Observations at noon on the 12th August were as follows:-

COAST STATIONS.

Keelung,

Tamsui,

.29.82 .03 .89? .05

NNW

C.

SSW 2

b.

Foochow,

.78 .02

WSW Ι

b.

Steep Island,

.82

.00

SW 3

cm.

North Saddle,

.75

.05

SSW

cm.

Woosung,

.70 .01

N

2

b.

E swell.

Nagasaki,

.91 + .02

C.

VESSELS.

Bk, Richard Parsons,

......25° 03′

119° 34'

SW

S.S. Oceana,

.28 52

125 25 29.90

S/E

Woosung,

28 56

122 04

.81

SSW

4

b.

"}

Deuteros,

""

23

Verona,

.29 07 .30 50

125 49 126 33

.84

S

4

.84

SSE

7

sea moderating.

moderate sea. high S sea.

At

In North Formosa the winds remained light and variable and the barometer rose after noon. Steep Island gentle W breezes in the morning backing to SSW in the evening prevailed. The baro- meter was at 3 a. (29.72). After which it rose. North Saddle had the lowest barometer at 3 a. (29.68) and SW and S 4 blew all day. Woosung and other places near the river mouth had N 3. At Shaweishan the wind backed from NE (3a) to NNW (9a). The barometer was lowest in the morning, steady or perhaps slightly rising towards evening. In Western Japan the barometer was steady, weather fine, with S 2. The Oceana had S 5 all day. The Woosung proceeding S ran into bad weather on the evening of the 11th. Her log gives the following information:-

August 12, 2 a.,

.29° 00'

122° 00' 29.64

W

8

.65

W

8

high choppy sea from E.

do.

3 a.,

.78

SW

6

fine and clear.

8 Deg

Noon,

.28 56

122 04

..81

SSW

4

do.

448

60

The Deuteros steering NE had S 4 at noon on the 12th and at midnight (barometer 29.85) with choppy sea. The Verona on a SW course had the wind veering to S and decreasing after noon, when the weather improved.

Between the 14th and 15th August a sharp fall in the barometer took place on the S and SE coasts and in Formosa the fall being the most decisive in S Formosa and at the adjacent Channel Stations. Winds were on the 15th chiefly light SW airs and breezes on the S and SE coasts as far north as Swatow and calms prevailed in the N part of the Formosa Channel. In S Formosa light to gentle N and NW breezes prevailed and in N Formosa light E breezes. The weather was very fine in all these districts and the temperature was somewhat in excess. On the East Coast the barometer was almost steady and the weather fine with moderate SSW breezes. In Luzon the barometer had also fallen and the sky was cloudy with light N breezes in the north and light SW breezes in the south. In the China Sea light variable airs and breezes prevailed chiefly northerly to the S of Hongkong and SE of Annam the weather being fine. The observations point to a distant disturbance to the ESE of S Formosa perhaps in about 19°, 126°.

The following are the observations for the 15th August at noon:--

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

Aparri,

Hongkong,

Breaker Point,

.29.83

.83

Lamocks,

Swatow,

South Cape, Takow,

Anping,

Fisher Island,

Amoy,

Turnabout,

Foochow,

.85

Tamsui,

Keelung,

Steep Island,

North Saddle,.

I D D D F D D D x x x x x x x x

.04 .76 .00

S

C.

NNW

3

0.

.88

.04

W

b.

.09

SW

3

C.

.85

.08

SW

bv.

.84

.08

calm

b.

.82

- .11

NNE

C.

.09

NW

b.

.84 .08

.86 ..06

NW/N calm

c.

CV.

.85

.05

SE

b.

.89

--

.05

calm

CV.

.85

.03

NE

b.

.94

.07

E/N

b.

.89

.04

E

b.

.87 + .01

S/W

4

cm.

.8ì

.00

SSW

C.

VESSELS.

Bq. Florence Treat, .........11° 59′

111° 17′

SSW

""

Cambusdoon,

13 50

112 37

29.84 SW

Sh. Marabout,

.16 29

114 22

WNW

S.S. Taicheong,

.17 .50

114 my

Kutsang,

.19 14

113 45

3" Cicero,

20 54

114 28

.82 calm

.90

calm

NE

""

Sch. Santa Cruz,

.21 14

118 12

NNW

S.S. Lennox,

22 22

115 14

""

Verona,

22 33

115 48

.92 WNW ..87

S

Bq., Levuka,

.24 0

118 47

var.

S.$. Phra Chom Klao,

..24 10

118 43

22

Radnorshire,

...26 26

118 43

.81 .86

var.

E

NNN ; ¡NO O O - ČI O

2

b.

2

fine.

fine.

fine.

C.

2

b. slight swell.

On the 16th August conditions were as follows:-The barometer had continued falling rapidly on the coast between Hongkong and Foochow, the fall amounting to about 0.1 since the previous day. In Formosa the decrease of pressures amounted to about 0.2 in the 24 hours. On the East Coast and in Luzon the barometer was almost steady. At Hongkong the weather was very fine, the sky being almost clear the whole day. During the morning some cum. was observed coming from WNW. In the afternoon a little c-str. was noticed and towards evening some cum. came from SW. The wind was from WSW light airs and breezes. The temperature was high, the mean of the 24 hours being 83°.6. At Victoria Peak the wind was from W force 4 in the morning and SW 5 during the evening. Breaker Pt. had SW 2 the whole day with partially clouded sky. Lamocks had NE 2 during the morning SW 2 veering to W 2 at night. The weather was very fine and lightning was seen at night. At S Cape the wind was NW 5 during the morning hours with cloudy sky. During the afternoon the weather became squally and showery and the wind backed to W and gradually increased to a fresh gale at 9 p. The barometer attained the lowest point at 6 p. (29.52) after which time it rose and at midnight read 29.58. At Takow the lowest recorded reading was at 9 p. (2

(29.54). During the afternoon the wind increased in force from NW with rain. At 9 p. WNW 10 with gloomy weather is noted but this force is no doubt over estimated. Probably no more than force 8 should have been written. Anping had N 3 increasing with gloomy appearance in the morning, rain during the afternoon and NW 7 with squally weather at 9 p. (barometer 29.56). At Fisher Island the wind gradually increased from NW 5 in the morning to N 7 at 9 p. and WNW 8 at midnight, the barometer reading 29.50 at the latter hour at which time also the weather became showery with squalls. During the day the weather was fine with detached clouds. At Keelung (N Formosa) the wind was NE 4 with overcast sky at 9 a., at 3 p. it was NE 5 (barometer 29.63) with rain squalls and thunder was heard, at 9

P. SE 9 (barometer 29.39) with hard squalls of wind and rain. At Tamsui it veered from N 2 at 9 a. to NE 5 at 3 p. (barometer 29.67). At 9 p. (barometer 29.50) the direction of wind was still from NE with force 6 with very heavy squalls of wind and rain. The barometer continued to fall after

61

449

9 p. at both these. stations. At Chapel Island the wind was N 2 during the morning, it veered to NNE 3 in the afternoon and became SW 3 to 4 in the evening. The weather was fine all day. The barometer read 29.67 at 9 p. and was still falling. At Ocksen the wind increased and backed during the day from NNE 3 at 6 a., N 4 at 6 p., NNW 5 at midnight. At the latter hour the barometer had fallen 0.2 inch. since noon and was still falling. The weather was fine in the morning but became overcast with drizzling rain in the evening. Turnabout had N 5 during the morning hours with fine weather. During the afternoon the wind increased in force and backed at 3 p. N 7 (barometer 29.71) at 9 p. NNW 8 (barometer 29.66), at midnight NNW 10 (barometer 29.52) and the weather became very bad with frequent squalls and rain. The centre at 9 p. was about 100 miles ESE of this station. Middle Dog had N 3 during the morning, NNE 5 at 6 p. (barometer 29.67), NNE 6 to 7 at midnight (barometer 29.54). The weather which was fine in the morning became overcast and wet during the evening. Foochow had NE 5 at 9 p. (barometer 29.71) with detached clouds. The stations on the East Coast had fine weather all day with light to moderate SE breezes. During the evening the barometer was falling a little in the southern part of this district.

·

Vessels in the northern part of the China Sea to the S of Hongkong had on August 16th mostly light W and WSW breezes with fine but cloudy weather. The Cathay and the Frigga both entered the Formosa Channel from the southward during the evening and had the wind increasing to a moderate W breeze with rough sea and NE swell with falling barometer as they progressed northwards. The Hailoong, which left Amoy for Tamsui during the afternoon, had the wind at first NE 2. During the evening the wind backed to NNW force 5 at midnight (barometer 29.53). The weather was over- cast and squally with rough sea.

The Lennox proceeding NEward from her noon position had the wind NNE 6 increasing and backing. At midnight she had N 10 (barometer 29.49) with squalls of hurricane force and a very heavy sea. She was at this time in 25° 0', 119° 40′ and about 90 miles WNW from the centre.

The Singan proceeding southward had an increasing wind from N and NNW. NNW 6 (barometer 29.53) at midnight with rain and very heavy squalls and high NE sea.

Those vessels near the northern entrance to the channel and proceeding NEward had the wind veering from NE to ESE and SE. The Phra Chom Klao had at midnight ESE 8 (barometer 29.67) with high cross sea. The Belgic NE of Formosa at noon bound for Hongkong had ESE 7 increasing at midnight (barometer 29.63) with heavy rain squalls and a rough increasing sea. The two vessels were about NE/N of the centre at this time. The Bengloe farther to the NE had the wind increasing to a strong SE breeze at 8 p. with heavy sea. She was bound for Hongkong.

The centre was at noon on the 16th in 22°, 123°, moving NWestward. It entered the E coast of Formosa during the evening and was at 9 p. in 24° 5′, 121° 30′.

The following are the observations for August 16th at noon:-

COAST STATIONS.

:

Bolinao,

SSW

Hongkong,

W

500

400 29.83 .00 .80 .08

SSE

c.

WSW

2

Breaker Point,

W/N

360

.79 .04

SW

2

Swatow,

W/N

380

.74

.10

SSE

2

Lamocks,...

WIN

330

.79

.06

NNE

1

S. Cape,

W

120

.60

.22

NW

6

Takow,

WNW

150

.68

.17

NW

6

Anping,

WNW

150

S

.66 .18

NNE

3

3 4 3 3 3 8 508

b.

cdq.

gr.

Fisher Island,.

WNW

210

.64

.22

N

5

cm.

Chapel Island,

NW/W

290

.71 .10

NNE

3

cm.

Amoy,..

NW/W

310

.76

.09

NE

1

b.

Ockseu,

NW

260

.75

- .15

NNE

3

C.

Turnabout,

NW/N 260

.78

.11

N

om.

Middle Dog,

NNW

280

.76

.07

N

cm.

Foochow,

NNW

310

.79

.06

NE

2

b.

Tamsui,

NNW

200

.71

.23

NNE

4

0.

Keelung,

NNW

190

-

.71 .18

NE

5

or.

Steep Island,

N/W

500

.87 .00

SE

4

em.

North Saddle,.

N/W

540

.84 + .03

S/E

cm.

VESSELS.

Bk. Cambusdoon, ....

.13° 54′

112° 40′

Sh. Marabout,

.17 4

114 22

Bk. Constance,

.17 28

114 0

SW 780 29.84 SW/W 600 SW/W 600

SW.

W

W

Sch. Santa Cruz,

.21 46

117 10

W

350

WSW 2

S.S. Alwine,

.21 57

113 46

W

570 .78

59

Frigga,

.22 24

115 22

W

Cathay,

.22 33

115 41

W

Bk. Levuka,

S.S. Lennox,

.23 30

117 55

59

Hailoong,

""

Meefoo,

.24 22 .24 27 118 3 .25 26 119 59

118 54

Phía Chom Klao,

.26 15

121 46

Singan,

.26 38

120 55

Belgic,....

.27 35

125 5

"9

Vorwarts,

..28 0

121 37

Radnorshire,

.28 43

"9

39

Bengloe,

...30

33

125 41 125 32

450 .79 440 .80 WNW 340 NW/W 280 .75 NW/W 330 ..74 NW/N 260 .75 NNW 290 .74 NNW 310 .83 NNE 380 .87 NNW 400 .72 NNE 470 .88 ESE NNE 580 .98

WSW 4 WSW 2

NNNNN

2 b.

2

2 6

2

sultry.

0.

var. NE NNE 6 NE 1 NNE 4 NE/E 5

1

swell. fine.

or.

NE swell.

N

4 0.

SE

4

C.

calm

S/E

10 10

5

5

SSE swell.

SE swell.

increasing swell. clear.

450

62

On the 17th August the barometer continued to fall slightly at Hongkong. The wind was chiefly from WNW. About noon it backed to SW and increased to force 5 at 4 p. (barometer 29.66). It afterwards decreased to force 3 at midnight (barometer 29.70). The mean temperature of the 24 hours was 83.3 this being 2°.4, in excess of the mean of 5 years. The weather was fine with detached clouds the lower ones coming from WSW. Some c-cum was observed coming from E and above this c-str was seen. There was a solar halo. Victoria Peak had WSW 5 during the morning, SW 5 in the afternoon and evening. Breaker Point had WSW 3 in the morning increasing to WSW 5 towards evening. Weather fine till midday, then overcast with rain, thunder and lightning at night. The barometer was falling but slightly and at midnight read 29.64. At Lamocks the wind was veering from SSW 4 at 3 a. (barometer 29.60) to WSW 6 at midnight (barometer 29.60). The weather was fine in the morning but squally and wet with thunder and lightning during the evening. At S Cape the wind backed from WSW 7 at 6 a. (barometer 29.63 rising) to SW 5 at midnight (barometer 29.80). Anping at 3 a. had W 9 with rain, thunder and lightning (barometer 29.53 rising) the wind backed and decreased in force during the day. At 3 p. SSW 6 (barometer 29.67). At 9 p. SE 2 (barometer 29.72). The weather was rainy all day. Fisher Island also had the wind backing and decreasing with rising barometer at 3 a. W 9 (barometer 29.49), at midnight SSW 7 (barometer 29.66). The weather was wet and squally the whole day. At Keelung at 3 a. the barometer read 29.26 and it had risen by 9 a. (29.38). The wind at 9 a. was NE 3 at 9 p. SE 1 (barometer 29.68). In the evening the weather became fine. At Tamsui there was NE 2 at 9 a. (barometer 29.42), at 9 p. NE 2 (barometer 29.65) with fine weather. At Chapel Island the barometer was falling and the wind backing and increasing at 6 a. SSW 4 (barometer 29.58) at 6 p. SSE 7 (barometer 29.44) at midnight SSE 8 (barometer 29.47). The weather was wet all day. At Amoy the wind also backed and increased in force at 6 a. W 3 (barometer 29.60), at 6 p. SW 4 (barometer 29.51), at midnight SW 4 (barometer 29.53) with overcast sky in the morning and rain during the evening. At Ockseu the barometer was falling 6 a. (29.44) till about noon and it then remained nearly steady till 3 p. (29.38) when it commenced rising (9 p. 29.49). The wind was NNW 5 at 6 a. and it then commenced backing and increasing in force at noon WSW 5, at 3 P. SSW 7, at 6 p. S 7, at 9 p. S 9, at 10.30 p. S by E 11, at midnight SSE 8 force diminishing (barometer 29.57). There was rain the whole day and heavy squalls during the evening. This station was at noon 50 miles SSW of the centre, at 9 p. 60 miles SE of the centre. The detailed observations made at Turnabout for 17th August are appended. A NNW storm was blowing up to 8 a. when the wind commenced backing and diminishing in force, at 10.30 a. NW 9, at noon WNW 7, at 1.30 p. SW 3. It then gradually increased in force backing to S 10 at 4.30 p., SSE 11 at 5.30 p. and it continued to blow with storm force from SE until 9.30 p., afterwards diminishing in force with direction S. The lowest reading of the barometer was made at about noon (29.26.) Rain fell nearly the whole day with the exception of a few hours when the centre was within a few miles but the sky remained overcast. The centre was at noon 15 miles NNE of this station moving W by N. It was at 9 p. bearing W by N 70 miles.

-

After

At Middle Dog the barometer was falling rapidly during the morning hours and attained the lowest point at noon (29.21). After this time it commenced rising and at 3 p. read 29.23, at 9 p. 29.54. These readings appear to require a positive correction of about 0.05. The wind was from NNE 6 increasing during the morning, at noon from ENE 7. At 2.30 p. it suddenly veered to SE in a heavy squall. Later it backed to ENE again continuing to blow from that direction until 6 p. that hour the direction became SE with force 7 to 8 during the evening. The weather was overcast, squally and showery the whole day. The centre passed between this station and Turnabout about noon. At Foochow the lowest recorded reading of the barometer was at 3 p. (29.30)—about which time the centre entered the coast a few miles to the southward-and between that hour and 9 p. (29.52) it rose. The weather was wet and squally with NE 4 in the morning, NNE 7 at 3 p. and ESE 5 at 9 p.

At Wenchow the lowest reading of the barometer was at noon (29.55 uncorrected). The weather was wet and squally with wind at 9 a. NE 5 veering and increasing, at 2 p. SE 7.

SE 7. It remained from SE diminishing gradually in force, at 9 p. SE 2. At Steep Island the barometer was almost steady with SE 4 and fine weather.

The most important log received is that of the Lennox a copy of which is annexed. The centre appears to have passed almost over the vessel just before noon. She had a N backing storm during the morning hours with squalls of hurricane force, heavy rain and a confused sea mostly from the same direction as the wind. At 11.30 a. the wind suddenly veered to S and decreased to force 3. At 12.30 p. the wind increased to hurricane force from the same direction. At 2 p. there was typhoon force from SSE. At 4 p. the barometer had risen and the wind was gradually decreasing, at 8 p. S 10, at midnight SSE 8. The gentle S breeze which blew in the central area lasted one hour and the sea appears to have calmed down to some extent with the wind. The diameter of the area appears to have been about 10 miles. The wind was strongest as usual after the centre had passed and the sea though much confused had chiefly the same direction as the wind. Other vessels about NE and within 200 miles of the centre had fresh ESE veering gales. The Bengloe sustained some damage and the cargo shifted on account of the vessel rolling frightfully in the heavy sea. She was in considerable danger from the list she sustained and put into the Hieshans for shelter and to trim the cargo. Those SW and within 250 miles of the centre had fresh WSW backing gales towards the afternoon. The Hailoong,

63

451

(Captain HALL), at anchor in Pinghai Bay (25° 10′, 119° 10′) had NW 6 with heavy rain squalls during the morning with falling barometer. She was then WSW of the centre. At 2 p. the vessel was at anchor in 25° 20', 119° 33′ and had a fresh SW gale (barometer 29.30) with very violent squalls and rising barometer and during the evening the wind continued to back and at 10 p. there was a strong S gale (barometer 29.55). Vessels to the South of Hongkong had moderate SW breezes and fine weather. The centre was at 3a. on August 17th in 24° 50′, 120° 55′ moving NW, at noon ́in 25° 35', 120° 5' and moving towards W.

The following are the observations for noon on August 17th:----

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Hongkong,

S SW/W

540

29.83 .00

var.

280

.75 - .05

WSW

Breaker Pt....

SW W

250

.64.15

WSW

Swatow,

SW/W

230

.61 - .13

WSW

Lamocks,

SW

210

.59 - .20

SSW

S. Cape,

S/E

220

.72 + .12

SW

Takow,

190

.70 + .02

WNW

Anping,

160

.65 - .01

SWIS

Fisher Island,.

S/W

130

.56 - .08

SW

Chapel Island,

SW

130

.52 - .19

S

Amoy,

SW/W

130

.58.18

W

Ockseu,

SWIS

50

.39 .36

WSW

Turnabout,

SW/S

15

.26

.52

WNW

Middle Dog,

N

20

.21

.55

ENE

Foochow,....

NW

40

.38

.41

NE/N

Tamsui,

ESE

70

.51

-

.21

NE

Keelung,

ESE

90

.46 .25

E

Wenchow,

NNE

130

.55

.19

SE

Steep Island,

NNE

320

.85

.02

SE

-NH2 6697 00 10 20 101-1101204

C.

C.

cm.

0.

8

öm.

cm.

rg.

or.

orq. omd.

0.

omr.

om.

7

5

omp. orq.

C.

og.

6

orq.

cm.

North Saddle,..

NNE

360

.82 .02

SE

4

cm.

VESSELS.

Bq. Cambusdoon,

Sh. Marabout,

""

Constance,

S.S. Alwine,

Sh. Charmer,

15° 26'

112° 58'

SWIS 750 29.82

SW

4

b.

19 18

114

6

SW 500

SW 4 b.

19 44

113

50

SW 480

SSW

fine.

20 18

110

48

SW/W 600

.72

SW 4

21 24

121

29 S/E 260

WSW 6 c.

Bq. Leruka,

21 39

118

""

Sch. Santa Cruz,

S.S. Meefoo,

Singan,

22 32

116

""

Frigga,

وو

Yuensang,

Lennox,

"

Hailoong,

Belgic,

Phra Chom Klao,

*** 2222

2

117

52

118

9

118

BONO

6 SSW

260

.75

WSW 8

36

SW

270

8

bigh sea.

2

SW

230

.61

SW

3

0.

WSW swell.

0

SW

160

.54

SW

orq.

32

SW 120

.52

SW

6

or.

high E sea.

near Ockseu.

SW/S

70

.41

W/S

6

or.

25 26

120

18

SE

17

.27

S

3

0.

confused sea.

?(25 15

119

20)

SW/S

40

.30

NW/W

6

or.

#

46

120

38

ENE

30

.39

SSE 7

cgp.

26 55

122

55

ENE

170

.68

SE/E 8 0.

heavy sea. confused sea.

Changsha,

at Foochow.

NW

40

""

""

Bengloe,

28 32 123

8

NE 230

.83

NNE 8 ESE 8 C.

orq.

AAA

Presto, Chingtu,..

Radnorshire,

29 57 128 31

24 121 31 33 128

14

NE/E 500

.84

$

5 q.

heavy confused sca. increasing sea.

32

N/E 350

.89

SE

c.

42

NE

600

.91

SE 3

moderate sea.

On the 18th August fresh S breezes decreasing with showery weather and rising barometer prevailed in S Formosa and at Fisher Island. At Hongkong the barometer was rising during the day, but very slightly. Temperature was high during the night of the 17th to 18th, but decreased towards noon when showery weather set in. The wind was WSW 3 to 4 during the morning hours, backing and decreasing in the afternoon. Lightning was seen at night. In N Formosa the barometer had risen rapidly and light to gentle variable breezes prevailed with showery weather in the evening. The barometer had risen considerably at all stations on the SE coast particularly in the N part of the district. At Swatow and the adjacent lighthouses strong SW breezes decreasing prevailed with very wet weather and much the same wind and weather prevailed at Amoy. At Chapel Island, Ockseu and Turnabout fresh SE to S veering gales were blowing during the early morning. About noon the force decreased to moderate and light breezes. The weather was wet all day. At Middle Dog there was SE 6 to 7 veering and decreasing in the afternoon with showery weather. Foochow had S 4 decreasing at 3 a. squally with rain. During the evening the weather became fine with light S air. On the East Coast moderate SE breezes prevailed with fine weather except at Wenchow and Ningpo where it was showery in the morning. The barometer was falling at the stations along the Yangzte river with moderate to light NE veering breezes and fine weather.

Vessels in the China Sea S of Hongkong had moderate to fresh S and SW winds with cloudy weather. Those in the Formosa Channel during the morning fresh to moderate SSW (in the South part) to SSE (in the North part) gales decreasing with very high sea and dirty weather. Off the East Coast and NE of Formosa there was a very high sea with chiefly strong SE breezes decreasing.

The centre at noon on August 18th was, perhaps, in about 2610, 116° moving WNWard.

452

64

The following are the observations for the 18th August:

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

SSE 640 29.83

.00

SSW

K

21

C.

Hongkong,

SSW 280

.76

+ .01

S

3

0..

Breaker Point,

S/E

230

.72

+ .08

SSE

4 ven omd.

Swatow,

S/E

200

.71

+ .10

SW W

Lamocks,

SSE

220

.72

+.13

MP

South Cape,.

SE

380

.82

+ .10

ro.

SSW

6

S

2

+ P

oqr.

md.

C.

Takow,....

SE

340

.83

+ .13

SSE

C.

Anping,

SE

320

.80

+ .15

S

0.

Fisher Island,

SE

270

.74

+.18

SSE

cm.

Chapel Island,

SSE

210

.69

+ .17

SSE

omr.

Amoy,

SE

170

.75

+.17

0.

Ocksen,

ESE

210

.76

+ .37

S

omd.

Turnabout,

ESE

230

.79

+ .53

SW

pq.

Middle Dog,

E/S

230

.75

+ .54

SSW

cmp.

Foochow,

E/S

210

.76

+ .38

SS W

2

od.

Wenchow,

ENE

270

.72

+.18

SSE

or.

Steep Island,

NE

420

.85

.00

SSE

cm.

North Saddle,

NE

450

.81

.01

SSE

cm.

Wuhu,

NNE

320

29.60

Kiukiang,

N

180

.56

Hankow,

NNW

260

.44

Ichang,

NW

330

.60

uncorrected.

.09

ENE

3

b.

.07

NE

3

C.

.06

NE N

b.

.05

b.

VESSELS.

Bq. Cambusdoon,

.......18°

6'

113° 20′ 29.80

SW

"9

Levuka,

.21 58

117 26

SSW

Sch. Santa Cruz,

.22 30

116 38

S

S.S. Fokien,

.23 52

118 4

SW/S

"

Singan,

.23 45

117 35

.71

SW

""

Yuensang,

24 16

118 26

.80

SW

"

Belgic,

.24 14

118 44

.75

SW

"

Hailoong,

.25 20

119 33

.76

S/E

99

Cardiganshire,

.27 6

122 6

.81

SE

Lennox,

..27 44

122 57

.84

SE

Phra Chom Kiao, ......27 47

125 39

.85

SE/S

""

""

Bengloe,

..28 55

122 15

SE

10 C0 00 00 CO O T CO ©©04+

C.

0.

orq.

orq.

4

opq.

high sea. moderate sea.

6

rq.

moderating sea.

swell.

fine.

On the 19th August the barometer showed a further rise on the entire coast.

Winds were light and variable breezes, chiefly SE, on the SE coast, moderate SE breezes on the E coast.

Weather was generally fine except in the Southern part of the Formosa Channel where showers prevailed. The barometer had risen at the easternmost stations on the Yangzte, but had fallen slightly at Ichang (baro- meter 29.57 at noon). The wind had veered since the previous day and was now from SE light to moderate breezes at Wuhu (barometer at nnoo 29.66) and Kiukiang (barometer at noon 29.64). At Hankow (barometer 29.47), it was E 1 increasing to E 3 at night and veering to SE 3 on the morning of the 20th. The weather was fine at all these stations.

;

On the 19th August, therefore, there yet remained some indications of the late typhoon which had now become a feeble depression. The centre may have been on the 19th at noon in 2810, 113°.

The average isobars, wind forces and directions from 9 p. on the 16th August to 9 p. on the 17th are shown in figure 2. The averages are in this case influenced by the circumstance that on the 16th the centre was on the east coast of Formosa, while on the 17th it was in the Formosa Channel. It entered the coast of China about 3 p.

The average angle between the wind and the radius was at 100 miles distance from the centre as follows:-68° to the N of the centre, 50° to the W, 47° to the S, and 58° to the East. This angle was greatest in the right-hand semi-circle, the centre moved NW by Wward. At a distance of 30 miles from the centre the angle was 69°, at 75 miles 52°, at 125 miles 57°, and at 200 miles 32°. The average angle between the wind and the radius was 54° i.e. the incurvature was 36° or about 3 points.

The radius of the calm area was about 5 miles. Within 20 miles it blew more than force 7, but the observations do not agree about the greatest force. Only the Lennox reported full typhoon force. Between 30 miles and 50 miles from the centre it blew with force 6, at 75 miles from the centre with force 7, at 125 miles from the centre with same force, and at 200 miles from the centre with force 5. It is a curious fact that it blew at a distance from the centre on an average harder than nearer the centre, but such is sometimes the case when the centre is near the shore.

There was a very heavy sea to the N and NE of Formosa, with came from the quarter where the typhoon originated in the Pacific.

centre in front of the centre and within 200 miles behind the centre. in Europe where the rainy area stretches out in front of the centre. the centre beyond 150 miles.

great SE swell, which evidently It rained within 100 miles of the

That is different from cyclones Thunder and lightning followed

;

1892-August 16,

65

LOG OF S.S. LENNOX.

453

4a.

29.90

NNE

1

sea smooth.

8a.

.79

NNE

3

noon

24° 22'

118° 54'

.75

NNE

6

rough sea increasing.

4p.

24.40

119 14

.65

N

7

8p.

24 52

119

30

.64

N

9

midt.

25

0

119 40

.49

N

10

17,

4a.

25

1

119 43

.26

N

11

8a.

25 14

119 54

.27

N/W

11

10a.

25 20

120 6

.27

NNW

11

lla.

25 23

120 12

NW

11

noon

25 26

120 18

.27

S

3

2p.

25 26

120 24

SSE

12

squalls of hurricane force. squalls of hurricane force.

squalls of hurricane force, heavy rain. very high confused sea mostly North. very high confused sea mostly North. 11.30 wind veered to S and decreased. 12.30 wind increased to hurricane. high broken sea.

4p.

25 30

120 30

..45

SSE

11

high cross sea mostly South.

8p.

25 54

120 55

.65

S

10

high cross sea mostly South.

midt. 18, noon

26 16

121 22

.71

SSE

8

high cross sea mostly South.

27 44

122 57

.84

SE

6

OBSERVATIONS MADE AT TURNABOUT LIGHTHOUSE.

1892-August 16,

3p.

29.71

NNE 7 om.

1892-August 17,

0.30p. 29.27

6p.

.67 NNE 8 qr.

9p.

.64

NNW 8 oq.

1p. 1.30p.

midt.

.52

NNW 10 op.

17,

la.

.47

NNW 10 om.

2p. 2.30p.

W .27 WSW .27 SW 3 gm. .27 SW 6 gm. .31 SSW 8 gmr.

4 gm.

4 om.

2a.

.44

N

10 omp.

3p.

.34 SSW

9 gmd.

3a.

.38 N

4a.

.36

5a.

.32

6a.

.35

7a.

.33

ZZZZZ

10 gmr.

4p.

.41 SSW 9 omr.

NNW

10 gmp.

5p.

.40

SSE

10 gmr.

N

10 gmp.

6p.

.38

SE

11 omd.

9 omq.

7p.

.45 SE

11 gmr.

N

9 omp.

8p.

.48

SE

10 gmd.

8a.

.31

N

9 gm.

9p.

.53

SE

9a.

.31

NNW

10 omp.

10p.

.60

10a.

.30 NNW

9 om.

11p.

.63

11 gmr. 11 gmd.

9 gmd.

lla.

.28 NNW

8 om.

midt.

.63

gmp.

noon

.26 WNW 7 om.

On August 30th the barometer had risen at the stations on the East Coast and as far south as Foochow. On the SE and S coasts the barometer was almost steady, but inclined to fall on the whole and gradients had become favourable for NE winds and these blew over these districts with force two to three. In Luzon the barometer was steady with light SW breezes chiefly. Some vessels to the South of Hongkong and North of 20° lat. had moderate E and NE breezes. Others in about 17°, 114° had moderate SW breezes with overcast skies. Some in 15°, 112° light variable breezes while one vessel off the Annam Coast had a strong WNW breeze. There appears to have been a very shallow depression forming SE of Hainan. During the evening the weather at Hongkong became very wet and the wind increased to a fresh ENE breeze. At Hoihow there was a thunderstorm during the evening with ESE 4 and falling barometer.

The following are the observations for August 30th at noon :-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Hoihow, Hongkong,

29.80 .01 .81 + .02 .81 .01

SE

ESE

E

South Cape,

.81 .05

NE

Breaker Point,

.80 .01

NE

Lamocks,

.81

Chapel Island,

Turnabout,

Steep Island,

.02 .82 + .01 .88 + .03 .89 + .05

NE

E

NNE

$

100 110 00 20 2 2~

0.

3

b.

C.

5

3

c.

6 á 3 3 3 3 ¿

cmp.

c.

C.

CV.

CV.

VESSELS.

S.S. Taksang,

13° 4'

"

Moyune,

14 58

109° 44' 112.30

WNW

29.77

var.

>>

Mongkut,

15 35

110 20

.76

var.

Thisbe,

16 7

113 34

.74

SW

Bk. Lavinia,

16 16

113 49

SSW

Aron,

17 27

114 13

SSW

""

Bittern,

18 22

114 28

SW

"

S.S. Namyong,

20 47

113 53

.81

NE

دو

Kowshing,

20 59

118 45

.83

E/N

Achilles,....

20 13

113 45

.76

var.

""

Sh.

Warrior,

22 12

115 10

E

S.S. Glenearn,

22 54

116

37

.83

SSE

O212 30 10 10 ∞

244

༧༤༠༠༠ཙ

od.

oq.

0q-

fine.

b.

454

66

On August 31st the barometer was still falling on the S and SE coasts particularly at Hoihow and Hongkong. Winds were moderate to fresh NE to E breezes decreasing and veering between Hoihow and Swatow with showery weather. In Luzon the barometer had risen and light to mode- rate S breezes prevailed with cloudy sky. Vessels in about 19°, 113° had moderate SSW breezes with very squally weather and much rain also a swell. The Warrior near Hongkong had a moderate E gale decreasing with heavy rain squalls during the early morning.

The centre of the small depression was in 20°, 112° moving NNWard.

Observations for August 31st at noon :-

Bolinao,

Hoihow,

21 20 2

C.

c.

3 3 8 8 8 3 3

29.84 + .04 .76 .05

S.

NE/E

Hongkong,

.75 .06

ENE

S. Cape,

.88 + .07

NE

Breaker Point,

.79

.01

E

omp.

Lamocks,....

.79

.02

E

5

C.

Chapel Island,

.82 .00

E

}

Turnabout,

.84 .04

NE

1

em.

VESSELS.

S.S. Caermarthenshire, ......16° 25′

111° 13'

W

Taksang,

.16 55

110 45

var.

39

Mongkut,

.19 0

112 8

29.72

S

Bk. Aron,

18. 8

115 10

Lavinia,

.18 15

114 15

SW SSW

39

S.S. Moyune,

19 32

113 47

.69

SSW

Bk. Bittern,

.20 10

113 2

SW

S.S. Activ,

.20 5

110 30

.73

NNE

Alwine,

at Pakhoi

NE

Sh. Warrior,

.21 52 114 22

E

Bk. Bylgia,

.22 16

115 24

SE

S.S. Nurnberg,

.22 16

114 34

.73

E

*∞∞∞ # O 00 00 10 10

op.

2

0.

2

0.

6

oq.

4

oqr.

oqr.

SW swell.

oqr.

0.

q.

4

SE swell.

ö

SEPTEMBER.

On 1st September the barometer showed a further fall on the entire coast. In Hoihow the wind had become a moderate SW breeze with rain. At Pakhoi there was a light N breeze in the morning backing to NW 2 during the evening. At Haiphong there was a light WNW breeze. At Hongkong light E airs and breezes with drizzling rain. At Canton a light SE breeze, weather showery. On the SE coast (S part) light to moderate SE and S breezes decreasing with wet weather. In S Formosa moderate S to SW breezes with heavy rain. SSW of Hongkong to 20° lat. several vessels had moderate to strong S and SW breezes with rain and very squally weather and high S sea and swell. Vessels off the coast between Hongkong and Swatow had fresh S to SSE breezes during the morning with high sea and S swell. The centre was at noon on the 1st September in about 21°, 111°, but it was no more than a shallow depression and no station or vessel had higher wind force than a strong breeze.

The following are the noon observations for September 1st:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

Hoihow,

Pakhoi,

.29.82 .02 .70 - .06 .66 − .10

SSE SW/W

C.

4

or.

WNW

1

C.

Haiphong,

.64 − .06

WNW

2

Hongkong,

.68 — .07

E/N

1

0.

Canton,

.67 - .08

SE

1

0.

Breaker Pt.....

.70 - .09

S

3

omp.

Swatow,

:70 - .09.

E/S

2

ogp.

Lamocks,...

.73 - .06

S

op.

S. Cape,

.80 - .08

SW

C.

Chapel Island, Turnabout,

.73. — .09 .77

SE

C.

.07

SW

3

omr.

VESSELS.

S.S. Taichiou,

14° 17.

110° 1' 29.74

WSW

or.

"

Taksang,

.20 3

112 47

W

4

or.

Bq. Lavinia,

.20 40

113 55

SW

pq.

Bq. Aron,

.....20 35

114 4

WSW

5

0.

S.S. Catherine Apcar, ..............21 14

113 52

.67

SSW.

6.

orq.

rough sea.

"

Caermarthenshire, ................20 29 Swatow,

112 53

.64

SW

or.

.21

46

113 36

.69

SW

3

orq.

>>

Sh. Warrior,

.22 12

114 16

S

qr.

S.S. Yuensang,

.22 46

116 12

775

SW

op.

67

455

On the 2nd September the barometer was still falling a little at all the stations on the S and SE coasts. At Haiphong and Pakhoi light W to N breezes prevailed with cloudy weather and rain at Pakhoi towards evening. At Hoihow there was a moderate SW breeze with showery weather. At Hongkong light E airs and breezes with very wet weather and distant thunder. At Canton a light E breeze veering and increasing to SE 5 at 3 p. decreasing and backing again during the evening. The weather was wet and gloomy. Strong S and SW breezes with high sea and wet squally weather prevailed in the China Sea to the SE of Hainan. The depression appears to have been almost stationary and the centre was perhaps at noon on September 2nd in about 2110, 111°.

Observations for September 2nd at noon :-

Haiphong,

COAST STATIONS.

.29.61

.03

WNW

1

C.

Pakhoi,

.64 .02

NNW

1

C.

Hoihow,

.67 .03

SW/S

4

op.

Hongkong,

.69 + .01

ENE

I

ot.

Canton,

.65 .02

ESE

3

or.

Breaker Pt.....................

.69

.01

calm.

omd.

Lamocks,.........

.70

.03

SW

2

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Catherine Apcar, ......17°

9′

113° 42'

29.69

SSW

6

orq.

high sea.

""

Taichiow, Surat,

.17 56

111 21.

69

S

5

rqt.

.18

41

114 11.

71

S/W

5

orq.

high sea.

Avochie,

20 33 111 18.

63

SW

2

0.

"2

On the 3rd September the barometer at Pakhoi was rising slightly with a gentle N backing breeze and wet weather at 4 p. WNW 4, at 8 p. W 4 (barometer 29.57). At Hoihow the barometer was on the point of rising and there was a moderate SW gale during the day, decreasing in the evening. Weather was showery in the morning and became fine at night. The barometer was rising slightly at Hongkong and the wind was E 1 to 2 in the morning, SSE 1 in the afternoon with rain in the early morning, cloudy during the remainder of the day. The barometer had risen and light SSE breezes prevailed with cloudy sky. Fresh SW breezes prevailed in the China Sea. The centre was perhaps in 2110, 11040. In this slight depression except on the 3rd September the cyclonic circulation of winds was at no time well marked. At first (29th and 30th) there appears to have been a band of slightly deficient pressure in about 17° to 19° lat. and perhaps 110° to 120° long. lying WSW to ENE and most marked in the W side where there appears to have been a slight nucleus and where it appears to have been more squally than elsewhere. On the northern side of this area NE to E moderate breezes were blowing and on the S side SW fresh breezes. On both sides of the area which appears to have been moving NNW the weather was squally. The SW winds reached the coast of S Formosa on the afternoon of the 31st but E winds still blew on the SE coast. The barometer fell quickly over the entire coast on the 1st September and the S winds had advanced to the SE coast and Hainan but pressure though low was very uniform over a large area. On the 2nd the fall in the barometer had almost ceased but there was some indication of the isobars being closed. On the 3rd September there was a distinct cyclonic circulation of wind and the centre of disturbance appears to have passed E of Pakhoi moving NNW ward. The Activ was lying in that port and her Captain noted the appearances as pointing to a typhoon in the neighbourhood. Probably had the area remained longer at sea it would have developed and given birth to a typhoon as the conditions had now become favourable. The lowest recorded reading of the barometer in the neighbourhood of the central area was about 29.6 and the highest force of wind a moderate gale.

The following are the observations for 3rd September at noon:--

COAST STATIONS.

Haiphong,

...29.64 + .03

WNW

2

C.

Pakhoi,

.61.03

N

0.

Hoihow,

.66 .01

SW

7

0.

Hongkong,

.72 + .03

E

2

C.

Canton,

.69 + .04

SE

2

C.

Breaker Pt.......... Lamocks,

.73 + .04

SE

2

cm.

.76 + .06

SSW

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Surat,

..14° 52′

113° 8'

29.79

SW/S

6

>>

Catherine Apcar,

.14 10

112 4

.75

SW S

7

rough sea. do.

""

Picciola,....

.19 46

115 8

*73

SW

5

Chusan,

at Hoihow.

.64

WSW

6

""

Esmeralda,

19

4 116 54

.73

SSW

0.

swell.

وو

Phra Chula Chom Klao, 22 10

114 2

.69

SE

fine, swell.

456

68

The following information is from the logs of the ship Charmer and the barque Enos Soule:-

SHIP CHARMER.

""

"

28,

29,

August 27, noon

24° 49' 128° 18'

24

48

128 38

SE/E calm

1

"

25

05

129 00

""

30,

25 39

129 04

39

""

31,

midt.

26 04

129 26

39

Sept.

1, noon

: ZZZ

""

""

2, noon

28.43

N NNW 8 to SW 10

3.47

variable winds.

fine, very hot.

""

""

25

fine, at 1 a. felt two shocks of earthquake.

C.

oil bags used, bare poles.

very bad cross sea, very heavy squalls.

or more

2, midt.

10

very heavy squalls, wind hauling round compass.

""

3, noon

28.33

NNE

10

3, midt.

ENE

9

4, noon

27 45

130 16 28.23

ENE

7

4, midt.

5, noon

27 19

130 06

E by S ESE

5, midt.

"J

6, noon

26 46

129 30 29.53

ESE

""

high cross sea.

very heavy squalls.

rudder head found to be broken off.

Weather more moderate.

BARQUE ENOS SOULE.

Sept.

1, noon

20° 04'

127° 45'

WNW 4

heavy rain squalls.

"9

2,

20 12

126 42

WSW 2

E swell fine.

""

2, midt.

WSW 8

3, noon

21 06

126 38

W

high cross sea, low glass, heavy rain squalls. heavy rain squalls.

"

3, midt.

WNW

"

""

4, noon

21 00

125 25

WNW

6

وو

""

high cross sea.

29

4, midt.

NW

rain squalls.

5, noon

وو

5, midt.

6, noon

6, midt.

7, noon

222

20 24

125 00

WNW

overcast squally, high cross sea.

WSW

"

long E swell.

20 54

124 14

SW

high sea.

SW

""

21 10

123 44

SW

""

7, midt.

SSW

""

sea going down.

""

8, noon

21 39 122 54

WSW

2

showery high NE swell.

8, midt.

NNW

2

rain squalls.

These two vessels were out in the Pacific far from the usual track of steam vessels and the information contained in their logs is very imperfect, but sufficient to indicate to some extent the tracks of several typhoons, one of which subsequently passed into the Formosa Channel.

The log of the Charmer appears to show that the weather experienced was caused by two typhoons and in this connection it may be remarked that a depression coming from the S entered the S coast of Central Japan on the afternoon of the 4th September and subsequently moved NNEward across NW Japan. On the 1st the Hesperia was at noon in 29° 42′, 128° 35′ and was about 200 miles NNW of the Charmer. She had a strong NE breeze with very high SE swell and overcast weather with falling barometer (at noon 29.78). This vessel was bound to Yokohama and on the 2nd September at noon was in 31° 26', 131° 56'. She then had ENE 6 with rain squalls and very high sea (barometer 29.76). On the 3rd she was in 33° 21', 136° 01′ (barometer 29.77) and then had a strong NE increasing and veering breeze with overcast weather and moderate sea. On the 4th in 34° 44', 139° 11' (barometer 29.74) she had a strong E breeze with gloomy wet weather.

The Enos Soule on the 1st in 20° 04', 127° 45′ had a moderate WNW breeze with heavy rain squalls. On the 2nd in 20° 12', 126° 42' a light WSW breeze and fine weather and a fresh gale from WSW at midnight with high cross sea, rain squalls and "low glass." No barometric observations were entered in the log of this vessel. The barometer fell slightly in SW Japan on the 2nd and 3rd and light and moderate E to NE breezes prevailed in the extreme S of SW Japan on those days. The depression entered the S Coast about 4 p. on September 4th. The centre was, perhaps, on the 2nd September at noon in 260, 130° moving northwards. A path has been dotted between the 2nd and 4th September.

The observations on board the Charmer cannot be altogether trusted, and the barometer readings are useless, but there appears to be little doubt judging from the wind observations recorded, taken in conjunction with those made on the Enos Soule, that immediately after the passage northwards of the typhoon experienced on September 2nd the Charmer at once came under the influence of another typhoon. The wind is noted on the evening of the 2nd as "hauling round the Compass" and on the 3rd it was from NNE force 10 veering and decreasing. The Enos Soule had at the latter time a moderate W gale.

The Nürnberg on the 3rd September in 29° 42', 128° 32′ at noon had NE 5 (barometer 29.65) with cloudy weather and SE swell. Some vessels off the East Coast had light NNW breezes and fine weather with swell. On the East Coast the barometer had risen slightly during the past 24 hours

>

69

457

and fine weather with light variable breezes prevailed. At S. Cape, Formosa, there was a strong NW breeze (barometer 29.75) and fine weather. In N Formosa light W breezes with fine weather prevailed (barometer at Keelung 29.74).

The centre on September 3rd at noon may have been in 250 13010, but this is very uncertain. On the 4th September the barometer was falling on the East Coast and in Formosa. In Northern Formosa light NW breezes prevailed with fine weather (barometer at Keelung 29.69). At S. Cape there was a moderate W breeze (barometer 29.66) with cloudy sky. The Enos Soule in 21° 0', 125° 25' had a strong WNW breeze with rain squalls and high cross sea. The Charmer had a moderate ENE gale with high cross sea in 27° 45', 130° 16′. Off the East Coast many vessels had fresh N to NNW breezes. The weather was fine, but a swell was reported in some cases.

The Thermopylae in 31°4', 126° 40' had a moderate NE breeze.

The position of the centre at noon on the 4th September was perhaps in 26°, 128°.

The following are the noon observations for September 5th :-

COAST STATIONS.

1

Bolinao, Hongkong,

.29.68 .10 SW 1

or.

.63 .06

WIS

1

C.

South Cape,

.51

.15

WSW

2

C.

Lamocks,

.61

.11

NE

C.

Fisher Island,

.56

.10

NNE

cm.

Chapel Island,

.60 .10

NE

C.

Turnabout, Tamsui,

.65

.08

N

b.

.66

.17

N

0.

Keelung, Foochow, Wenchow, Steep Island, North Saddle,

.62

.07

N/W

or.

.60 .10

calm

C.

.54?

.05

NW

4

b.

.71

.02

N

5

CV.

.68

.03

NE

77

CV.

VESSELS.

Sh. Charmer,

....27° 19'

130° 06'

...

Bq. Thermopyla,

.28 42

124 37

ESE NEN

S.S. Lennox,

27 37

122 22

29.58

N/W

35

Ancona,

.27 23

122 45

.62

N/W

>>

Aden,

.26 47

120 54

.61

N

»

Asagao,

.26 2

121 4

.59

NNE

""

Kwonglee,

25 50

119 44

NE

11

Paoting,

.25 10

119 41

.57

N

2

""

Fooksang,

.24 16

118 29

.62

NNW

""

Charters Tower,

.23 54

118 10

.63 NNE

Bq. Enos Soule,.

..20 24

125 0

WNW

S.S. Sungkiang,

..21 31

114 37

.61

N

Bq. Charon Wattana, ......18 20

115 45

.63

NW

S.Ś. Memnon,

"Borneo,

.16 13 116 19 ..10 29 111 58

.78

SW/W

.77

WSW 5 q.

00 00 00 00 10 Co Hay Q CO IN 10 OR COLO

8

öö

0.

heavy sea. high sea.

do.

C.

do.

6

b.

fine, swell.

fine.

2

b.

3

5

Gq•

high cross sea.

5

b.

6

0.

On

The foregoing observations show that the barometer was falling at all the Coast Stations, slightly on the East Coast but rapidly in Formosa and at the adjacent Channel Stations, also in Luzon. the East Coast fresh to strong N breezes were blowing with fresh N gales at sea off the coast. Near the N entrance to the Formosa Channel fresh to strong N breezes prevailed. In the channel and off the SE coast winds were gentle N to NE breezes. A large number of logs have been received from vessels in the China Sea all indicating very squally weather with fresh to strong SW and W breezes to the southward of 16° latitude. In Luzon also fresh SW monsoon prevailed with squally wet weather. In N Formosa there was rain, elsewhere the weather was fine.

The Charmer and Enos Soule in the Pacific had, the former, a fresh ESE gale, the latter, a fresh WNW breeze with overcast squally weather and high cross sea. The centre on September 5th at noon was in about 26° 15', 126° 0'.

The following are the observations for September 6th at noon:--

2 3

L THOU TO ∞ ∞ 00 1- 10

COAST STATIONS.

Aparri,

Bolinao,

Hoihow,

.29.48

.58 .10 .62 .02

[

WSW 3

SW NE

1

2

Pakhoi,

.67 .01

N

5

Hongkong,

,56 .07 N/W

Canton,

.61

.03

N

1

Breaker Point,

.51 .09

NW

3

Lamocks,

.52 .09

NW

2

Swatow,

.50

.12

NNW

S. Cape,

.26

.25

WNW

NO

2

3 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

C.

0.

b.

Chapel Island, .29.45 Amoy, Ocksen,

.48

.48

-

.15 NW .14

.17 calm

W

C.

Turnabout,

.47

.18

WNW

b.

C.

Middle Dog, Foochow,

c.

Tamsui,

C.

Keelung,

C.

Wenchow,

.37 .22 NNW .45 .15 .43 .23 .31

.31 .45?

NW

W

NW

NW .09

9 cq.

Steep Island,

.65 .06 NE/N

Takow, Anping,

.40 .12 NNW 10 .46 .05

C.

North Saddle,... .62 .06

NE

N

7

0.

Woosung,

Fisher Island,... .44

.12

NW

5

cm.

Kiukiang,

.65 .03 .74? .00

NNE

NE

C.

C.

C.

om.

C.

C.

or.

p.

oq.

cgp.

omq.

cq.

C.

458

70

VESSELS.

Bk. Jessonda,

7° 47′

110° 14'

29.83 WSW

S.S. Teresa,

11 30

119 57

SW

"9

Memnon,.

12 41

117 32

.73

SW/W

650 0

q.

oq.

oq.

"?

Kowshing,

near Manila

.60

SW/W

op.

very high sea. strong wind.

Menmuir,

15 29

118 53

.60

W

oq.

high sea.

29

33

Torrington,

13 14

112 15

.63

WSW

0.

high sea.

"

Borneo,

14 0

112 38

.64

NNW

orq.

39

Arratoon Apcar,

14 56

112 37

.66

WNW

opq.

""

Glenartney,.....

19 38

113 43

NNW

cp.

high sea.

Bk. Charon Wattana,

19

42

116 3

.58

NW

4

fine.

Enos Soule,

20 54

124' 14

SW

7

high sea E swell.

22

S.S. Paoting,

22 52

116 58

.49

NW

2

b.

Thales,

23 30

119 30

.45

N/W

4

b.

""

Canton,

23

0 116 45

.60?

NNE

b.

swell.

Namoa,

at Amoy

.45

WNW

b.

"

Asagao,

26

10

121 26

.14

NNE

9

orq.

Sh. Charmer,

26 46

129 30

.53

ESE

7

0.

S.S. Kwanglee,

27 9

120 26

.60?

NW

8

orq.

Bk. Thermopyla,

27 33

123 42

NE

9

q.

S.S. Lennox,

27 50

122 14

.45

E

8

Ancona,

28 3

122 48

.36

NNE

q.

high confused sea. high cross sea.

"

The noon observations for the 6th September at the Coast Stations show that the barometer had fallen at all stations since the previous day. The fall had been very rapid at the Formosa and adjacent Channel Stations while on the East and South Coasts pressure had decreased but moderately fast. A considerable reduction of pressure had also taken place in Luzon. The area over which low pressure existed was therefore very large at this time. In N Formosa and at S Cape the decrease amounted to about 0.25 inch and at noon the latter station gives the lowest barometer reading. This reading however is nearly 0.2 inch lower than those of Takow and Anping and in fact for the next few days an area of low pressure lay over a district to the E of S Formosa. Strong N to NE breezes and strong gales were blowing on the East Coast and at sea off the coast. The weather was cloudy but dry except in one or two instances. The Lennox and Ancona whose logs are given in detail were hove to in about 2710, 12210, and on the evening of the 5th they experienced whole gales from N decreasing somewhat and veering during the morning of the 6th. The lowest readings of the barometer were taken on the morning of the 6th after which the barometer rose. In northern Formosa increasing NW gales were blowing with rain and at S Cape a strong WNW gale. On the SE coast chiefly NW light to gentle breezes. In the northern Luzon there was a gentle WSW breeze. The Enos Soule about 200 miles ESE of S Cape had a moderate SW gale with high sea and E swell. The Charmer 450 miles ENE of N Formosa had moderate ESE gale with overcast sky.

The centre was at noon on September 6th in 25° 45′, 123° 15′, moving about WSW and during the evening it advanced directly upon Tamsui and Keelung. The centre passed a little to the north of Keelung about 9.30 p. and over Tamsui, situated a few miles further west, about 10.30 p.

At 9.30 p. the barometer at Keelung read 28.46 (lowest reading), at 10 p. 28.49, at 10.30 p. 28.58, at 11 p. 28.68. Between 9 and 10 p. the wind backed from WSW to SSW and at 11 p. it had come to SE all the time blowing with typhoon force accompanied by terrific squalls and torrents of rain. At midnight typhoon force continued from SE but towards 1 a. of the 7th the force had diminished and at 1.30 a. was SE force 8 only decreasing with less heavy rain. The barque Claro Babuyan lying in the port dragged notwithstanding that she had four anchors down, and the rain was so thick that it was impossible to see the length of the ship.

At Tamsui the wind fell from NW 12 or full typhoon force at 9 p. to variable force 1 at 10 p. (barometer 28.69). The following is noted in the register:-"10 p. absolute calm for about half an hour, then light movement of air for about an hour." At midnight the wind burst from the opposite quarter SE with typhoon force (barometer 28.66). At 1.30 a. on the 7th it was still SE 12 but went down to SE 4 at 4 a. Heavy rain fell, but whether continuously and during the central calm is not noted.

For some observations taken at Twatutia situated about 10 miles SE by S from Tamsui we are indebted to Captain F. ASHTON and Mr. H. C. MATHIESON, A.M.I.C.E., who both noted a distinct lull in the wind between 10 p. and 11 p., Captain ASHTON says to force 3 or 4, and that there was "no rain to speak of" during this interval. Mr. MATHIESON had the lowest reading 28.80 at 10.15 p. Captain ASHTON at 11 p. 28.65 (uncorrected). The wind was about WSW 11 before the centre and about SSE after. Lightning was noted at 0.30 a. on the 7th towards the S but no thunder was heard. The central area where calm and gentle breezes prevailed appears to have had a diameter of about 25 miles. At Twatutia the river rose 16 feet putting the town 4 feet under water. At Tamsui the S.S. Pekin had two anchors down and was steaming towards them but dragged nevertheless. Many cargo boats and small craft were lost and many lives.

The S.S. Asagao was the only vessel at sea comparatively near to the centre at this time. She was at midnight about 80 miles NNW of Tamsui and had a strong N veering gale with heavy rain squalls (barometer 29.39 rising). Other vessels either remained in port or had gone into shelter, the SE coast having been warned from the Hongkong Observatory already on the 5th. After

ל

71

459

f

midnight on the morning of the 7th the typhoon moved SW/W down the Formosa Channel-a most unusual course. This was due to the low pressure area lying to the E of S Formosa, round which for the next two or three days the typhoon revolved in the usual manner, keeping the low pressure area on its left hand, and also to the fact that pressure was comparatively high in central and northern China.

The tri-hourly readings made at the stations in and near the Formosa Channel from September 6th at 3 p. to September 8th at 9 a. are annexed and they sufficiently indicate the nature of the weather prevailing while the typhoon was in the Channel. The stations on the W side had increasing NW wind with falling barometer as the centre approached, and veering to about NE with rising barometer as it passed. Fisher Island and Anping on the E side had the wind backing after the early morning of the 7th as the centre moved down the Channel.

In this connection it may be mentioned that on the 6th there was a ridge of slightly higher pressure in the neighbourhood of these stations which together with Takow and S Cape appear to have been governed as regards wind direction entirely by the depression to the E of S Formosa. On the 6th NNW to NNE gales blew at Anping and Takow and a storm blew at S Cape. The latter station was not at all affected by the typhoon moving down the Channel and the wind stuck to WNW the whole time. After 3 a. on the 7th the barometer rose rapidly. This disturbance which subsequently moved NE in the Pacific, governed the wind and weather at S Cape on the 6th, and the Charmer on the 7th in 26° 05', (127° 30'?) had the barometer falling again with ESE 4 and rain squalls. On the 8th in 26° 22′, 125° 29′, the barometer was low with NE 2. This appears to have been the depression that arrived in S Japan on the 12th.

Two vessels the Loosok and the Sydney encountered the centre in the Formosa Channel during the afternoon and evening of the 7th September respectively. Their logs are printed but the positions given in the Sydney's log appear to be wrong, as according to these she was very near Lamocks at the time and the observations by no means agree with those taken at that station. She was probably taken out of her course by a strong current. All other ships were in port.

Off the E coast on the 7th September NE 6 and 7 prevailed with barometer 29.72 at noon at Steep Island. Vessels in the China Sea in 18°, 115o, had 29.60 NW 5 at the same time.

DATE.

KEELUNG.

WIND.

Weather.

Rainfall.

Weather.

Rainfall.

TAMSUI.

WIND.

Hour.

Bar.

September 6,

3 p.

26.16

6

.00

9

28.52

Midt.

7,

3 a.

6

9

29.35

Noon

3

p.

.35

6

9

.42 86

: : : : : : : : : : Temp.

Bar.

Dir. Force.

80

NW

9

orq

WNW

11

29.83 28.99

80

WSW

12

28.74

75

SE

12

28.66

...

...

29.26

SE

4

10.30

.41 83

..

...

85

E

SE

o d

d

.42

.55 80

8⠀⠀⠀⠀ 8: 8:¦ ¦ ¦ Temp.

Dir.

Force.

75

NW

NW

NW

12

SE

12

...

SE

SE

82

SE

SE

с

3.30

.62 83

SE

с

1.85.

6*22:24:*:*::*

orq

8

or q

orq

orq

***

5.90

3

...

Midt.

3 a.

8,

6

9

...

.53

87

E

::

...

September 6,

MIDDLE DOG.

FOOCHOW.

3 p.

29.33

82 WNW 4

с

29.40 85

NW

6

.33

9

Midt.

81 .33 81 .31 76 NNW F-8

NW

5

с

NW

7-8

c m

.46 84

NE

7,

3 a.

6

9

29 74 .29 75 .37 77

cmqr NNW 7-8 cmqr NNW 7-8 omqr

.10 79

...

NE

7-8

7.60 .40 71

Noon.

.37 77

NNE

6-7

3

P.

.39 78

6-7

.42

...

6

.42 77

6-7

cm q

9

.48 77

17

e m

.51

...

Midt.

.52 76

6

om r

8,

.....

3 a.

6

.52 77 .51 77

NNE

o m

.53 75

NE

.56

77

NE

c m

1.10 .60 78

22 12 12 1:8

NE

NE

NE

...

NE

NE

NE

2

2

Ni Ni ∞ vi vi ai ai co

6

с

...

or

1.

7

or

8

ΟΙ

0

1.90

460

72

DATE.

TURNABOUT.

WIND.

Hour.

Bar.

September 6,

p.

29.40

82

6

.40 80

9

.38

80

Midt.

.32 74

7,

3 a.

.22

73

6

22

9

.32

Noon.

.37

3 p.

.34

6

.41

9

.49

Midt.

.52 76

8,

3 a.

.51 74

6

.55

9

.57

BIRIIIIIIGIPSS Temp.

Dir.

Force.

Weather.

Rainfall.

Bar.

Temp.

OCKSEU.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

Weather.

Rainfall.

WNW 6

g m

29.43

84 NNW

77

.

.41

83

N

NW

9

g m

.42 81

NNW

10

om d

.37

76

N

11

omr

.31 75

75

11

om r

.27 76

77

ENE

10

o m

1.55

.25 74

NNE

76

10

q m r

34 75

...

76

...

8-10

m q

r

.39 76

NE ENE

77

NE

9

m

q r

.42 74

...

76

omr

.51 75

E

.51 75

...

ENE

om r

76

78

NE

o mu

om u

.53 75 NNW .55 76

11.56

.58 79

1001 ONND COOH-HOO

NN

c

2

с

3

c m

c m

om d

om r om d om p

c m

0.86

...

1

1

...

1

C

0

с

0.15

CHAPEL ISLAND.

AMOY.

September 6,

3 p.

29.41

87

NW

29.43

89

W

6

.38 83

WSW

.44

87

NNE

...

9

.46

.47 84

NE

Midt.

.38

WNW

.46

84

W

7.

3 a.

.31 80

WNW

.41 82

NW

6

.35 79

4

.41

81

W

9

.40

79 WSW

0.00

.43 80

NW

0.02

Noon

.25 73

7

om r

.37 76

NW

3 p.

.21 71

WNW

9

om d

.33 75

NW

r

6

,26

76

NNE

10

.37 75

NNE

9

.40 76

NE

.45

77

NNE

...

Midt.

.46

76

5

c m

.49

78

NNE

8,

3 a.

.47

76

ENE

C

.49 78

NNE

6

.51 75

C

...

.52 78

NNE

9

.55

79

NE

3

0.70

.57 80

NE

3.98

LAMOCKS.

SWATOW.

September 6,

3 p.

29:49

86

NW

2

...

29.44 91

NW

6

.44.

82

W

1

.47

...

9

.48

83

NNW

3

0

.50 82

N

cq

...

Midt.

.46

80

3

.52

NW

...

g

7,

3 a.

.43

79

NW

4

.50 78

...

...

6

.44 77

C

.47

...

9

.44 79

NNW

5

0.00

.46 86

0.00

Noon

.43 79

NNW

5

.44

3

p.

.35

74

NNW

6

om r

.40 84

NNW

ogdq

6

.35

71

7

.41

WNW

9

.31 70

8-9

mrq

.45 77

NW

gr ogrq

Midt.

.29 73

NE

9

cmq

.39

8,

3 a.

.41

74

E

c m

.39

75

NNE

...

...

...

6

.48 73

NE

.50 76

ENE

cm p op

...

.49

ENE

4

1.30

.53

78

3-4

g og q

1.00

BREAKER POINT.

HONGKONG.

September 6,

3 p.

29.46

NW

6

.47

NW

co co

3

с

29.51

87

NNW

3

3

C

.52

84

...

9

.48

NW 4-5

c m

.57

80

NW by N

1

c 1

Midt.

.48

82

NW

c m

.56

79

NNW

7,

3 a.

.44

80

NW

4

c m

...

.51 79

SSE

6

.44 77

NW

5

c m

.52 78

N

9

.47 84

NW

4-5

c m

Noon

.43 84

NW

3 p.

.38 84

NW

6

.39 77

NW

9

.41

73

Midt.

8,

3 a.

6

333

.37 73

.28

74

.44. 75

.50 75

RRHOR

NW

NW

6

om

NE

7-8

5

4-5

o m

o m

cm d

1.75

.53 72

c m

om d om d

om

0.00

...

...

.46 88 .49 85 .52

.51 82

.49 73

NNW N by W

NNW N by W

.50 72 W by N

WNW

.55 81

N by W

C

0.00

.52

86

N by W

...

0

NN W

22

or

...

2

o d

0.20

:

73

461

DATE.

FISHER ISLAND.

WIND.

ANPING.

Hour.

Bar.

Temp.

Dir.

Force.

September 6, .....

♡♡

3

p.

29.43

81

NNW

4

Weather.

Rainfall.

C

...

6

.42

80

2

...

...

.43 80

4

...

Midt.

.36

81

6

...

7,

3 a.

.33

78

.47

.39

...

6

28 77

WNW

9

.29 74

WSW

9

p.

6

9

Midt.

8,

3 a.

6

9

Noon

3

.21

74

SW

9

1 2 2 3 4 9 2 5

o mq omqr omqd

...

75

SSW

8

.32

74

SSE

7

.43

.48

.46

.50 77

.54

82222

75

6

o m q

c m

77

4

ESE

ENE

с

0.56

WIND.

Bar.

29.39

80

...

с

...

0.20

...

...

.39

.38

.49 76

.49

*.60

2: 2: 2; 2; 3: 2: 2: Temp.

Dir.

Force.

N

Weather.

Rainfall.

...

77 NNE

74

NE

79

W

75

SW

SE

75

calm

81

SE

coi :: coi ci A v w ~

0

3

d

4

3

• • • •

**

C

5

3

o d

0.25

...

с

098

TAKOW.

SOUTH CAPE.

September 6,

3 p.

29.38

7,

6

9

Midt.

3 a.

...

.42

...

6

9

.41

Noon

3 p.

.41

6

9.

.48 78

Midt.

8,

3 a. 6

9

% IN ⠀⠀⠀20:20:20 ::⠀ ⠀

80

NNW

10

29.21

80

WNW 9

c q

.20 79

10

77

9

0

.19

79

11

.19

78

11

...

.19

78

10

.24 76

10

78

NW

2

0.00

.34 77

7

...

0.00

...

.37 82

5

c

...

...

78

...

2

...

с

.36

81

.41

78

...

SSE

2

c

.48

75

W by N

...

.48

76

1

***

...

...

.48 77

...

.48 77

1

...

...

.55

85

NE

b

0.00

.53

85

0.00

S.S. ASAGAO.

1892-September 5, Noon 26° 02′

121° 04′ 29.59

NNE

6

b.

8p.

.54

N

8

6,

4a.

.35

NNW

8

or.

Noon 26 10

121 26

.14

NNE

or.

4p. 8p.

.07

9

orq.

.24

NE

""

Midt.

7, 4a.

.39

N

9

.43

ENE

8

8a.

.54

7

Noon 26 53

120 42

.63

NE

S.S. LENNOX.

1892-September 5, Noon 27° 37′

8p. Midt.

6, 4a.

122° 22′ 29.58

N by W

8

4p.

.57

10

0.

11

.52

10

99

orq.

.38

10

"

.48

NNW

8a.

.47

Noon

27 50

122 14 .45

4p.

.39

ZA :

N

E

8p.

.59

Midt.

.62

ENE

99~7006

"

0.

or.

op.

S.S. ANCONA.

high head sea. sultry, head sea.

hove to.

ship rolling and straining. towed oil bags.

orq.

high sea. high broken sea.

very heavy cross sea.

tremendous sea. high confused sea.

"

sea going down.

1892-September 5, Noon 27° 23′

4p.

8p.

Midt.

6, 4a.

122° 45′ 29.59

N by W

8

0.

high sea.

.48

8

.41

.37

滷:

N

9.

orq.

high cross sea.

10

39

lost gig.

.31

9

35

8a.

.32

NNE

9

Noon 28 03

122

48

.36

6

q.

lost cutter and starboard

4p.

.42

8p.

.51

ENE

Midt.

.56

10 14

5

C.

وو

[lifeboat.

orq.

""

b.

462

74.

S.S. LOOSOK.

1892-September 7,

4a.

29.33

N

8a.

.34

NW

Noon

23° 50'

118° 2'

.22

NW

1.30p.

28.98

NW

2.30p.

.76

3. Op.

.76

3.30p.

.76

4. Op.

.76

**: 2

345780 6

N

10

12

J 4.5p. N to ESE, S, SW

central calm lull.

5. Op. 23 45

118 31

.77

WSW

7

5.30p.

.74

6.12p.

23 35

118 29

.90

7. Op.

.97

7.30p.

29.10

8. Op.

23 30

118 20

.22

8,

4a.

.33

ESE

4

4.42 Chapel Island.

8a.

4

39

S.S. SYDNEY.

1892-September 7, Noon

22°33'

115° 07' 29.53

N

4p.

22 49

116 05

.46

NNE

8p.

23 0

116 56

.43

234

C.

نن

29

8.30p.

.35

...

9. Op.

.35

NE

12

9.30p.

.25

9.50p.

.14

or.

fine.

swell from SSW and W.

(very high sea, clouds

very low from WNW.

course to SSW.

10.30p.

.18

WNW

12

11. Op.

.26

...

11.30p.

.30

...

Midt.

22 43

117

05

.29

SW

8,

2a.

.40

4a.

23 17.

117

42

.39

3

""

8a. 23 54

118

14

.50

NE

or.

confused sea.

sea still confused. swell from NE.

Noon

24 29

118

49

.57

1

c.

South Cape Wind Direction in points and Velocity in miles per hour from 6th-8th September, 1892, inclusive.

September 6th. September 7th. September 8th.

September 6th. September 7th. September 8th.

Hour.

Hour.

Dir. Vel. Dir. Vel.

Dir. Vel.

Dir. Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir. Vel.

1a. 2a.

NNW

7

NW/W 8.

WNW 66 NW/W 54

W/N

W

3a.

NW/W 5

WNW 61

W

4a.

W

12

WNW 54

W

ZZZZ

3

5a.

6a.

78. 88.....

WNW

15

NW/W 50 NW/W 20 NW/W 63 NW/W 28 NW/W 36 WNW 36 NW/W 50

W

W

W

W/N

9a.

WNW 34 NW/W 37

W/N

∞ 4G CO CO 10 TH 02

Ip..

2p.

6

3p.

WNW 62 WNW 37 W/N 69 WNW 22 WNW 60 WNW 18

NE/N ENE

7

2

S

3

4p.

WNW 60

WNW 22

WSW

6

5p.

NW/W 76

W/N 21

NW/W

6р.

WNW 60

WNW 10

NW/W

4

7p.

WNW 61

WNW

7

N/W

3

8p.

WNW 65 WNW

9p.

WNW 73

W/N

10a.

NW/W

11a.

noon.

WNW WNW

1356

55

WNW

NW/W 35 no record 35 no record

10p.

NW/W 60 WNW

11p.

NW/W 63 WIN

67

WNW 26 no record

midt.

WNW 75 WIN

WNIN∞

3

NNW

2 NNW

1

NNW

2

NW/N

3

NW/N

10 10 10 7

From the 6th at 6 p. to the 7th at 6 p. the average distances from the centre at which different barometer readings were made were as follows; 28.50: in the centre, 28.70: 20 miles, 29.20: 40 miles, 29.30: 65 miles, 29.40: 120 miles, 29.50: 220 miles. At 6 p. on the 7th the dimensions became, perceptibly smaller. Possibly the depression had been filling up ever since the centre entered the Formosa Channel, but then it was only very slowly before 6 p. on the 7th. At midnight on the 7th the distances were; 29.30: 25 miles, 29.40: 60 miles, 29.50: 180 miles. At 6 a. on the 8th they were; 29.40: 40 miles and 29.50: 80 miles. At 9 a. on the 8th the barometer read 29.50 at a distance of 60 miles from the centre.

From the 6th September at noon to the 8th at 3 a. the force of wind was 7 at a distance of 50 miles from the centre, at 100 miles it was 6, and 4 at 200 miles. It blew perhaps one figure on Beaufort's scale higher behind than at the same distance in front of the centre.

During the same period the average angle between the wind and the radius was 45°. Within 100 miles of the centre it did not change with the distance and amounted to 46°. It was most uniform in different bearings nearest the centre. Between 100 and 150 miles it was 54°, and between 150 and 250 miles it was 29°. Within 250 miles the angle depends upon the bearing of the centre. In front the wind blew across the path. Behind it blew more nearly straight into the centre. To the NNE

of the centre the angle was 21°, to ENE 34°, to ESE 45°, to SSE 58°, to SSW 70°, to WSW 60°, to WNW 38° and to NNW it was 43°.

75

463

The radius of the calm centre was 12 miles at Tamsui, perhaps it was only 5 miles at 4 p. on the 7th :-

LOWEST READINGS OF THE BAROMETER SEPTEMBER 6TH TO 8TH.

Station or Vessel.

Keelung,

Reading.

Date and Hour.

Distance and bearing of centre.

28.46

September 6 9.30p.

* Tamsui,

content

Turnabout,... Ockseu,

28.66

6 midt.

"

29.17

7 4a.

29.25

7 9a.

"2

Chapel Island,

29.21

""

7 3p.

13 miles NNW 15 W by S

35

""

SE by E ESE

25

""

20

E by S

99

S.S. Loosok,

28.74

7 5.30p.

Fisher Island,

29.20

""

71p. and 1.30p.

Lamocks,

29.19

7 11p.

S.S. Sydney,

29.14

""

7 9.50p.

Breaker Point,

Hongkong,

29.28 29.50

8 3a.

near centre.

50 miles NW by N

10

S

**

near centre,

15 miles SSE

8 noon.

50

"2

SE by E.

* No readings taken between 10p. and midnight while centre was passing over this place.

† Reading uncertain, the correction not being accurately known at the time. § From tri-hourly observations.

On the 6th and 7th it was densely overcast to the north of the centre within 300 miles and to the south, east and west within 100 miles. On the 8th it was overcast within 100 miles of the centre. It was raining within 200 miles to the north of the centre and within 100 miles on the other sides of the centre. The rainfall was excessive at the stations near the northern entrance to the Channel, but became comparatively small at the stations in the South of the Channel near to which the centre after- wards passed. There was a high cross sea within 300 miles of the centre.

This typhoon though not a subsidiary depression may still be considered to be one in the same sense as cyclonic storms in Great Britain are considered subsidiary to the low pressure centre near Iceland. We see the effect of this in strong NE winds to the North of Formosa, in prevailing NW winds in South Formosa, in the weakness of winds to the SE of the centre compared to those NW of the centre, while the centre was in the Formosa Channel, in the N winds encountered at a distance to the SW of the centre and in the course towards SW which the centre took and of which there is no previous case on record in the Formosa Channel. The centre was carried round a point situated SE of South Cape. From this point the low pressure subsequently approached S. Japan and in the neighbourhood of the same place, SE of S. Cape, the next typhoon appears to have originated about the 17th September, and the latter typhoon proceeded WNWard moving round a point in the China Sea which the preceding typhoon which had moved SWard had approached on the 10th September. Subsequently another typhoon originated about the 23rd September in the China Sea a short distance towards the SE of the point where the two previous typhoons had disappeared on the 11th and 20th September. The last mentioned typhoon then moved NNEward in the China Sea keeping the low pressure area on its left. The movement of all these typhoons was caused by their centres being pressed forward by winds circulating against the sun, round an area with comparatively low pressure.

The following are the observations for noon of the 8th September:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Hoihow,

29.60 + .02

.63 .02

SW

1

or.

-

NW

C.

......

Hongkong, ....

.50 .02

NW

1

0.

Canton,

.56

.00

NNW

1

O..

Breaker Point,

.48 + .05

NE

4

cmp.

Swatow,

.51 + .07

E

4

op.

Lamocks,

.51 +.08

NE

cm.

South Cape,

.51 + .14

calm

Fisher Island,

.52 + .31

NE

Chapel Island,

.55 + .30

NE

CON

2

3

Amoy,

.56.19

NE

1

SS S S

C.

C.

C.

Ockseu,

.57 + .23

calm

cp.

Turnabout,

.59 + .23

NNE

omr.

Tamsui,

Keelung, Middle Dog, Foochow......

.60 +.18

E by N

or.

.54 +

.18

NNE

C.

.55 + 18

NE

cm.

.58 + .17

NE

2

0.

Steep Island,

.70 .02

NE

4

em.

North Saddle,

.67

.00

NE

6

om.

464

76

VESSELS.

S.S. Argyll,

10° 15'

110° 27'

29.72

WSW

6 q.

high sea.

Taksang,

12 49

120 42

SW

7

orq.

high sea.

Rosetta,

13 4

111 45

.72

WNW

5

0.

"

Sh. Santa Clara,

14 22

113 22

WSW 6

q.

S.S. Teresa,

16

10

117 57

.57

W

fine.

35

Menmuir,

18 26

116 47

.53

NW

op.

Wingsang,

19 28

112 9

.53

WNW

>>

Cicero,

20 7

112 26

.52

NNE

5

confused sea.

"

Torrington,

20 16

114 16

.53

NNW

7

od.

high sea.

"

Ethiope,

20 45

112 56

.53

NW

5

31

Borneo,

21 12

114 9

.50

NNW

6

orq.

high sea.

Bk. Enos Soule,

21 39

122 54

WSW

op.

NE swell.

S.S. E Sang,

23 15

116 50

.50

E by N

4

""

Thales,

23 30

119 30

..57

NE

2

fine.

""

Sydney,

24 29

116 29

.57

NE

1

39

Ningpo,

24 52

118 58

.56

NE

2 cq.

The observations for noon of the 8th show that the barometer was now rising on the SE coast where light to gentle NE winds chiefly prevailed with mostly fine weather. It was showery at Swatow and Breaker Point. On the South Coast at Hongkong the barometer was almost steady, the lowest reading when corrected for daily variation occurred at noon, the actual reading at this time being 29.50. Light NW breezes prevailed with drizzling rain at intervals.

Vessels approaching Hongkong from the SSW had strong NNW breezes with rain squalls and high sea. Off the Coasts of Annam and Cochin China fresh to strong WSW breezes and squally weather prevailed and there was similar winds and weather off the W coast of S. Luzon. The centre was in 21° 45', 114° 55′ at noon on the 8th September moving towards the SSW.

The following are the observations for September 9th at noon :-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Hoihow,

..29.61 +.01

..ཞ་་་

.64 + .01

ESE

N

1 0.

0.

Hongkong,

.60 + .10

NE/E

3

0.

:

Breaker Point,

.59 + 11

NE

3

C.

Lamocks,..

.58 + .07

NNE

1

c.

S. Cape,

.54 + .03

W

3

C.

Chapel Island,

.56 + .01

NE

2

C.

Turnabout,

.61 + .02

NNE

3

b.

Steep Island,..

.59

.11

NNW

5

Cv.

North Saddle,..

.60 — .07

N

6

cm.

VESSELS.

S.S. Colonist,

111° 53′ 29.75

SW

5

"7

Argyll,

.13 43

112 26

.74

SW

4

fine.

Bq. Jessonda,

.........14

44

112 54

.68

WSW

5

0.

S.S. Pakshan,

15 51

110 42

.61

W

q.

Sh. Santa Clara, .......... .16 27 S.S. Rosetta,

113 55

W

b.

"

Presto,

.17

........18 19

10

113 56

.60

NW

opq.

110 36

.53

NW

0.

Sh. J. Y. Robbins, .............

.20 11

115 18

SW

p.

S.S. Swatow,

29

Chusan,

25

Picciola,

""

Aden,

at Hoihow.

.58

NNE

4

opq.

.......21

26

113 45

.61

NNE

4

oq.

.21 23

114 51

.58

E

5 q.

.22 22

114 55

.59

ENE

4

fine.

The barometer shows a considerable rise at Hongkong and at the adjacent stations or the SE coast and gentle NE breezes prevailed at the stations with cloudy weather. Further west at Hoihow moderate N breezes prevailed with squally weather. The Presto off the coast of S Hainan had the wind veering from NW 5 at noon to NE 5 at midnight as she progressed NEward with rough sea at the latter hour (barometer 29.65). She was to the SW of the centre at noon and to the NW at mid- night. The Picciola at noon NE of the centre (in 21° 23′, 114° 51′) steering towards the SSE had a fresh E breeze veering to SE at midnight (barometer 29.62 rising) with squally weather and swell. Vessels to the E of Annam had fresh W to SW breezes. The centre was at noon on the 9th in 20° 15', 113° 05'. There was no vessel within 100 miles of this position, but the cyclonic circulation of winds is well marked.

77

The following gives some of the observations for noon on the 10th :-

Bolinao, Hoihow,

COAST STATIONS.

Hongkong,

...................29.66 + .05 .64 .00 .62 + .02

W

1

C.

NE

4 0.

E

C.

Breaker Point,

.60 + .01

NE

3

Lamocks,...

.60 + .02

NNE

1 b.

S. Cape,

.57 + .03

SSE

2

Chapel Island,

.58 + .02

NE

2

Turnabout,

.62 + .01

ENE

2 b.

3 6 3 3 3 3 6 8

cm.

C.

b.

VESSELS.

S.S. Thibet,

.10° 50′

110° 40' 29.68

W

0.

Colonist,

.15 0

113 49

.64

WSW

4

"

Bq. Jessonda,

.16 51

113 0

.59

WSW 3

0.

S.S. Argyll,

.17 36

113 48

.56

SW

2

fine.

Sh. Santa Clara,

..17 24

114 24

SSW

2 b.

S.S. Picciola,

.18 31

117 8

.67

S

2

88

b.

""

Kowshing,

.18 15

116 51

.71

WSW

fine, swell.

Pakshan,..

.18 24

111 50

.51

NNE

0.

""

high sea.

Presto,

....20

8

112 39

.62

ENE

4

orq.

465

The barometer had risen slightly at all these stations except Hoihow. On the SE coast light NE breezes chiefly prevailed with fine weather. At Hoihow the wind had veered to NE since the previous day and light rain fell in the morning hours, but the weather became fine in the evening. The Presto now to the north of the centre had rain squalls with moderate ENE breeze decreasing with rising barometer. The Pakshan had experienced squally weather with wind veering from NW 6 on the previous midnight to NNE 4 in the morning with heavy confused sea. The barometer was lowest at 4 a. (barometer 29.47) and during the evening it was rising with wind NE 6. Vessels S and SE of the centre had light to moderate W to SSW breezes. The centre of the depression which was now very feeble was in 18° 15', 112° 30′ moving SSWard.

The following observations are for noon on the 11th September:

COAST STATIONS.

App

Hoihow, Hongkong, Bolinao,

29.71 + .07

.69 + .07

NE by E NNW

.72 + .06

SSE

VESSELS.

*

S.S. Taicheong,

Thibet,

Mathilde,

11° 32'

109° 10' 29.62

SW

14 26

112 53

.66

SW

14 18

110 0

.64

NW

"Zafiro,

17 7

118 18

.66

SSW

N22

co co co cr

4 b.

b.

C.

q.

3

C.

3

3

or.

sea slight. W swell.

Bk. Jessonda,

18 56

113 9

.75

SE

S.S. Namyong,

18 36

111 23

.62

E

orq. 4 rq.

Sh. Santa Clara,

19 24

113 56

ESE

S.S. Higo Maru,

20 15

116 16

وو

Pakshan,

21 2

113 17

1993

.67

NE

.64

NE

Bk. Thermopylæ,

S.S. Sungkiang,

22 21 114 55 22 33 115 42

ESE 2

.67

E

NNNN

b..

fine.

0.

fine.

2

fine.

The above observations indicate the depression to be still existing, perhaps in about 161o, 1111°. The ship logs show to a certain extent a cyclonic wind circulation and the barometer had risen to the north of this position and fallen to the south of it since the previous day. On the 12th the depression had nearly disappeared.

Positions of the Centre. September 2nd to 11th 1892.

Position of Centre.

Position of Centre.

Date and Hour.

Date and Hour.

Latitude N.

Longitude E.

Latitude N.

Longitude E.

September 2, Noon

24° 30'

3,

25 30

132° 30' 130 30

September 7, Noon

24° 23'

3p.

24 08

119° 20' 118 35

39

4,

26 0

128 30

6p.

23

45

118 00

""

5,

26 15

126 0

9p.

23 22

117 40

""

6,

25 45

123 15

Midt.

23

117 10

""

3p.

25 38

122 45

8, 3a.

22 48

116 37

6p.

25 32

122 14

6a.

22 25

115 55

9p.

25 20

121 43

9a.

22 05

115 23

Midt.

25 08

121 08

Noon

21

45

114 55

7,

3a.

25

06

120 36

Midt.

21 10

114 10

6a.

25 00

120 14

9, Noon

20 15

113 05

9a.

24 48

119 50

10,

18

15

112 30

11,

16 30

111

30

19

466

78

On the 13th September a very severe storm passed over Central Japan of which full particulars are given on the Japanese Weather Maps. As explained above the depression which lay off S. Cape on the 6th moved NE. From the 9th September pressure remained persistently low off the coast of S and SW Japan varying but little from 29.20 froin the 9th to the 12th. Strong E to NE winds chiefly blew in Central and Western Japan between the 9th and 11th. Strong N breezes and fresh gales blew at the E coast of China and between Shanghai and Nagasaki with very high seas. There is no information available in the Pacific to the E of Formosa or S of Japan. On the 12th the wind backed to N in Western Japan, but continued from E in Central Japan. At noon the centre was in 30° 30′, 131° 30′. On the morning of the 13th the storm entered the S coast of Japan and passed very nearly over Kobe, where the S.S. Camelot, Melbourne and many other vessels, which have sent us observations, experienced the full force of the storm varying from N 10 to W 7. The centre then entered the Sea of Japan and in the afternoon travelled rapidly to the NE. At noon on the 13th it was in about 37°, 137°.

On the 13th and 14th September the barometer rose considerably on the whole coast of China particularly in the north and gradients were established for NE winds which blew strongly on the coast and in the northern part of the China Sea on the 14th and 15th, during which time fine weather prevailed. On the latter day pressure gave way slightly and on the 16th the barometer showed a general fall on the coast particularly in the neighbourhood of S Formosa. At S Cape the wind had increased in force from the NNE and the weather had become wet and squally, light NE breezes prevailed on the SE coast while moderate to fresh gales were felt in the northern part of the Formosa Channel. The weather was generally fine.

Between the 14th and 16th moderate SW breezes prevailed off the Cochin China Coast, and in S Luzon on those days, winds were chiefly light S breezes with cloudy weather and almost steady barometer.

From the observations taken on board vessels in the China Sea it is found that on the 14th and 15th there was a trough of low pressure stretching from about 14°, 110°, to about 17°, 120° on the northern side of which fresh NE breezes to moderate gales were blowing while to the south of it moderate SW breezes were blowing. This was really the remainder of the previous typhoon which may be traced after the 11th, but the centre was partially surrounded by winds that did not exceed gentle breezes in force on the 12th and 13th. On the 16th this area moved northwards and a depres- sion was formed in it a little to SEward of S Cape and subsequently on the 17th the centre passed very nearly over that place. It will be seen from the S Cape observations for that day that the depression had no very great intensity and had not been formed long enough to develope into a typhoon such as usually arrives on that coast from the Pacific.

The following are the observations for the 16th September at noon :--

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

29.77 .02

SSW

Hoihow,

.83 .08

NE

Hongkong,

.84

.07

E

N 10 N

2

5

2

Breaker Point,

.78

.16

NE

2

Lamocks,

.78

-

.16

NNE

3

༦༤༤༤

cm.

South Cape,

.73 .12

NE

6

cp.

Takow,

.73

K

.12

NW

1

C.

Anping,

.73

M

.12

SW

2

C.

Fisher Island,

.72

.15

NNE

4

cm.

Chapel Island,

Turnabout, Steep Island,

.77.

.14

NNE

6

cm.

.86

.10

NNE

7

cm.

30.01 .02

NE

2

eq.

VESSELS.

S.S. Phra Chom Klao,

.11° 16'

109° 6' 29.82 SW

Sh. Albania,

11 42

S.S. Hupeh,

Taichiow,

15 20

14 51

110 10

113 17

.75

110 18

.75

SW 4 SW 4

WNW 6

oq.

swell.

0.

heavy sea.

r.

high cross sea.

""

Bk. Jessonda,

.19 34

113

59

.83

ENE 6

high sea.

S.S. Nanshan,

.19 26 111 55

.86

NNE 6

heavy sea.

Avochie,

...20 26 111 6.

.85

NE

b.

Sch. Santa Cruz,

..20 25

115 31

.85

NE

S.S. Namoa,

.22 59

116 40

.80

NE

b.

swell.

Borneo,

.23 20

117 15

NE

b.

""

Benlarig,

23 40

117 51

Asaguo,

.24 31

>>

Bengloe,

.25 2

119 15 119 38

8888888

.83 NNW

4

C.

.79

NE

5

0.

NNE 9

0.

heavy sea.

79

467

The observations made at the stations in and around the Formosa Channel are given in detail for 17th September at noon to the 19th at noon inclusive. The following are some additional observations for noon of the 17th:

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Steep Island, North Saddle,...

...29.73 .04 .30.00 .01 .29.98 .01

w

S

2

NE

1

f.

64

0.

NE

4

omq.

VESSELS.

S.S. Taichiow,

10° 57'

Sh. Albania,

.12 50

108° 39' 112 32

29.76

SW

WSW

Bq. Sachem,

...14 20

113 17

WSW

S.S. Cheang Hock Kian,.....15 25

110 0

WNW

...

>>

Kong Beng,......

.17 59

111 14

.70

NW

وو

Hupeh,

.17 59

113 41

.75

var.

NFCO CI

4 0.

high sea.

0.

0.

swell.

0.

0.

swell.

Sch. Santa Cruz,

.19 56

116 29

.67

Bq. Jessonda,

.20 10

113 43

S.S. Chusan,

.20 28

111 27

""

Zafiro,.....

.20 32

118 57

""

Kowshing,

.20 42

118 48

...

""

Nanshan,

.22 2

114 0

" Asagao,

.22 35

115 45

Verona,

.22 27

115 19

BON ANNO

WNW

rq.

NW

high cross sea. fine.

.74

N

0.

.48

NW

0.

cross sea.

NW

moderate sea.

NW

.60

NW

4

NNW

4

heavy swell.

Fushun,

.23 0

116 45

N

4

high sea.

" Paoting,

.25 6

119 12

.53

NE

10

Chi Yune,.

..25 25

119 45

.64

NE

7 opq.

The centre was at noon on September 17th in 21° 40′, 121° 15′, moving NWard and at 4 p. it passed a little to the North of S Cape. The barometer reading at 4 p. was 29.21 (lowest). At noon the wind force decreased to a gentle breeze and so continued until after 3 p. the direction during the time varying between N and NE but being chiefly N. At 3 p. it commenced backing and at 4 p. was from WNW 5. At 6 p. it had come to SSW 3 and at 7 p. it was SSE increasing quickly in force with rapidly rising barometer. During the night of the 17th to 18th a fresh to strong SE gale blew at the station with wet squally weather. The diameter of the central area when near S Cape where gentle breezes prevailed was about 60 miles. The lowest readings of the barometer were taken at Takow (29.29) and Anping (29.25) at 4 p. and at Fisher Island at 5.30 p. (29.22) after which hours the barometer rose at those stations. There is some uncertainty as to the position of the centre after it passed near S Cape at 4 p. The barometer at Fisher Island was as low within 0.01 at 5.30 p. as it was at S Cape at 4 p. while Anping and Takow lying between had higher readings, moreover the wind circulation at Fisher Island, Anping and Takow do not agree well with the position of the centre. The wind during the early part of the evening was blowing round the Island of Formosa owing probably to the mountain chain which runs north and south through its centre. The Takow wind forces are over estimated. Moderate to whole NNE gales blew in the Channel during the 17th, the higher forces being registered in the northern part. The weather was overcast but dry until the evening when rain set in at some of the more southern stations. In N Formosa moderate SE breezes prevailed with showers at Keelung. Hongkong had light to gentle NNW breezes and fine weather but the sky clouded during the evening. The day, but more particularly the night, temperature was excessive as usually is the case when a typhoon is approaching the Colony from the eastward. In Luzon light to gentle S breezes prevailed with overcast sky.

On the 17th several vessels in the Channel and at the ports on the SE coast had bad weather the nature of which can be readily inferred from the observations made at the Channel stations which are printed elsewhere. Vessels in the neighbourhood of Hongkong had chiefly moderate to fresh NNW breezes. The Schooner Santa Cruz bound for islands in the Pacific left Hongkong on the 12th September. In tacking for the Balingtang Channel she encountered strong ENE breezes and heavy seas. On the afternoon of the 16th the wind backed from NE to NNE at midnight with very quickly increasing wind and sea. The upper topsails, jib and mainsail were made fast and the foresail reefed. On the morning of the 17th the wind backed slowly and there was a tremendous sea running from all points of the compass and heavy seas breaking over the ship (barometer 4 a. 29.66). The lower topsails were made fast and she was hove to on the port tack at 9 a., wind NW by N. The ship was working tremendously in the high sea. At noon on the 17th in 19° 56', 116° 29′ (barometer 29.64) the wind was WNW: At 4 p. they kept her off and stood to the Eastward until 7 p. when the wind and sea again increased, so they hove to again on the port tack. At 9 p. there were heavy rain squalls from the West with short intervals and a tremendous sea from E and NW. The Zafiro and Kowshing WSW of the centre were almost together at noon in 20° 30′, 119° steering about S by E. They had N to NW fresh breezes, overcast sky and heavy ESE to SE swell. The lowest reading of the barometer was at 4 p. 29.45 and the wind then commenced backing through W to SW increasing to a moderate and fresh gale with heavy rain squalls, high sea and rising barometer (at midnight 29.58). At midnight the centre was perhaps in 22° 25', 119° 20′ moving a little to north of west but owing to the causes above mentioned there is some uncertainty as to this position.

468

80

On the morning of the 18th September SE winds decreasing in force prevailed in Formosa, a strong gale at S Cape, a moderate gale at Anping and moderate breezes in N Formosa with wet weather and rising barometer. Towards noon there blew a whole SE gale at Fisher Island. In the northern part of the Channel whole NE gales veering and decreasing in force prevailed, while at the stations near Lamocks at the southern entrance to the Channel NNE to NE gales were blowing with wet squally weather.

The centre was at 6 a. on the 18th in 22° 40', 118° 20'. At noon in 22° 50′, 117° 30'. At the latter hour the Pekin, Chelydra, Gleneagles and Verona whose logs are given in detail encountered it. They all experienced NE veering gales with high confused seas and heavy rain squalls. The Pekin is a very small vessel and the wind forces are probably over estimated. This is generally found in the case of small vessels. The Pekin was in considerable danger from the heavy seas breaking on board and it was found necessary to jettison some cargo to save the ship. The centre passed about 30 miles to the southward of Lamocks at 1.30 p. The lowest reading of the barometer was registered at 1.30 p. (29.25) but it remained steady at that reading until 3 p. The wind veered from NE 10 at 2 p. to ESE 9 at 3 p. The typhoon was at this time commencing to move in a W by S direction. At Breaker Point the lowest reading of the barometer was taken at 3 p. (29.24) the wind being then NE 8. At 6 p. the barometer had risen (29.32) and the wind had veered to SE force 6. At Hongkong wet weather set in during the morning, the wind backing from NNW and increasing in force, the direction of the lower clouds backing with the wind. At 6 p. it was from NW 5 and the lowest reading of the barometer (29.43) was taken at this time. The storm had commenced filling up. The centre at 6 p. was in 22° 45', 116° 15'. After passing a little to the S of Breaker Point it travelled almost along the Coast line towards Hongkong. At midnight the centre was about 20 miles NE of the Colony. The wind had backed slightly since 6 p. and decreased in force and was chiefly from NW by W force 3 during the evening with continuous rain. At Macao the wind also backed during the evening to WNW 5 at 10 p. At Canton NW 5 was registered at 9 p. with rain squalls. The depression was filling up rapidly. The barometer read at midnight at Hongkong lower than that of any other station or vessel.

The following gives the whole of the information contained in the logs of the Pekin, Chelydra, Gleneagles and Verona for the 17th noon to 18th midnight :—

S.S. PEKIN.

September 17, Noon 23° 0'

116° 42'

N

2

8p. 10p.

18, 1a.

NE

op.

NE

12

NE

10

2K

72.

NE

Noon 23 14 Midt.

117 32

ENE

10

ENE

9

19, 4a.

var.

strong wind increasing rapidly, increasing sea. hove to great quantities of water on board, [jettisoned cargo. more cargo jettisoned.

moderating.

S.S. CHELYDRA.

September 17, Noon 22° 48′

116° 48′ 29.77

NE

5

8p. Midt.

18, 4a.

.75

8

"

orq.

rolling heavily.

.62

11

23

""

.49

11

""

A

""

high cross sea from NE to NW.

8a.

.42

11

19

"

Noon 23 15

118 03

.35

SE

9

or.

4p. 8p. Midt.

.42

""

"

heavy cross sea.

.49

do.

*

.61

NE

do.

S.S. GLENEAGLES.

September 17, Noon 22° 29'

115° 11′ 29.72

NNW

5

fine.

Midt.

.50

NW

5

heavy rain, half speed.

18, la.

NNW

2a.

NNE

3a.

NE

4a.

.36

NNE

8a.

.40

ENE

ran to South. heavy sea.

Noon 22 54

117

28

.34

Midt.

.64

SE by S 8

S.S. VERONA.

September 17, Noon 22° 27'

115° 19' 29.66

NNW

4

fine, heavy increasing E to NE swell.

4p.

.53

NW by N

3

0.

"

"

8p.

.52

ESE

3

"}

""

Midt.

.46

N

or.

""

29

18, 4a.

.39

N by W

orq.

high NE sea.

8a.

.41

NNE

7

""

33

Noon 22 52

117 11

.31

NE by N

8

35

"

4p.

.28

SE

4

""

??

8p.

.51

""

high SE sea.

Midt.

.67

SE by S

8

"

""

469

81

The following gives the noon observations for September 18th taken on board some other

vessels :-

Sh. Albania,

15° 0'

112° 48'

SW

Bk. Sachem,

16 31

113 24

SW

S.S. Denbigshire,

17 15

113 6

29.73

NW

""

Zafiro,.......

16 13

119 28

.68

SSE

19

Kowshing,

17 37

119 21

.71

S

Continental,

19 5

116 36

.63

WSW

GO GO TE LO 00 CO

3 oq.

3

4 0.

oq.

swell.

8

heavy sea.

""

Sch. Santa Cruz,

20 4

117 9

.32

WSW

orq.

heavy sea.

S.S. Alwine,

20 32

111 10

.65

NNW

» Hupeh,

20 44

113 45

.53

WNW

Bk. Jessonda,

S.S. Fushun,

21 10

114 24

.57

NW

765

q.

increasing sea.

or.

23 43

117 30

E

9

orq.

Chi Yune,

Paoting,

Doris,

""

25 25

119 45

.62

E by N

6

oq.

25 17

119 24

.56

NE

8

oq.

27 0 121 25

.86

NE by E

7

1

orq.

The following observations for noon of the 18th September are given in addition to those given in detail in the table:-

Bolinao, Steep Island,

29.75 + .02 30.04 + .04

SE by S 2 od.

NE

5 cg.

2

Vessels off the East Coast had strong NE to E breezes with high sea and swell. On the W Coast of N Luzon strong S breezes prevailed with high sea and rainy weather. In the middle of the China Sea gentle SW breezes were blowing, to the East of Hainan and South of Hongkong strong N to NW breezes. The Continental at noon in 19° 5′, 116° 36′ proceeding SSE had the wind backing from WNW 6 in the early morning to SSW 8 at 4 p. The barometer was practically steady up to that hour when it commenced rising (at 8 p. 29.69) and wind a strong gale from SW with high cross sea. The Hupeh and Jessonda about 60 miles to the south of Hongkong had, the former a moderate NW gale, the latter a strong NNW gale during the afternoon and evening. After midnight the wind became very light. The Hupeh had the barometer reading 29.47 at 8 p., 29.52 at midnight. The Jessonda had barometer 29.56 at midnight. The wind force on the Hupeh was over estimated probably. She was steaming against the wind. The schooner Santa Cruz at noon on the 18th in 20° 4′, 117° 9′ remained hove to on the port tack heading NW wind WSW. There were fierce squalls, a mountainous sea, the decks were covered with water fore and aft. The Santa Cruz is a very small vessel and felt the storm much more than a larger vessel would have done. She worked fearfully and they had to pump her every hour for about fifteen minutes. She had worked herself leaky somewhere. The wind backed in the afternoon and became SSW at midnight. Next morning the wind backed to S at 5 a. 19th (barometer 29.36 rising). They had attended to the pumps the whole morning and at last they sucked. They tried to heave her to on the starboard tack, but she would not lay steady enough on account of the heavy sea under the lee quarter, so they had to wear her round again to SW on the port tack which is, of course, the proper tack to lay to on in the left semicircle of a typhoon.

-was

The centre passed over the Colony just after midnight, but the depression had filled very rapidly and was now extremely feeble. The barometer-which was about 0.3 inch. below the normal- rising and read at 1 a. 19th 29.51, 2 a. 29.52, 3 a. 29.52. Temperature was low and relative humidity high at the time. The barometer was also rising at Canton and Macao. At Hongkong at 1.15 a. the wind fell calm, it having just previously been from the NW force 1. The calm lasted until 3 a. when a light air sprang up from the East (SE at 7 a.). The rain ceased from midnight to 4 a., but the sky remained overcast. The diameter of the calm area was, perhaps, 30 miles, but this is very uncertain, the gradients being so slight at the time that it is impossible to determine it accurately. After 4 a. showers fell. At Victoria Peak it blew NW 6 at 6 p. on the 18th and SE 4 at 6 a. on the 19th. At Macao the wind backed from WNW 5 at 10 p. on the 18th to WSW 3 at 4 a. on the 19th with wet weather. At Canton the wind veered from NW 3 at 3 a. (barometer 29.51 lowest) to NNE 1 at 9 a. (barometer 29.69 rising rapidly). At Hoihow the barometer was rising during the day with fresh N breezes. Strong SE breezes with wet weather blew on the S part of the SE coast, moderate NE breezes near the N entrance to the Formosa Channel.

The Jessonda a little to the S of Hongkong had a gentle SW breeze and high sea. The Denbigshire a little to the SW of the Jessonda gives the wind as N 2, but she was steaming northward which makes this of little account. The Cyclops and Sachem further south had light and gentle W breezes while vessels west of Bolinao had fresh SSE breezes. At noon on the 19th the schooner Santa Cruz in 20° 28′, 117° 9' had slowly decreasing SSE wind, the sea was also decreasing, but there was a very The weather was overcast with high swell in consequence of which no more canvas could be set. passing showers and squalls with wind backing to SE and decreasing in force towards evening. Several sails were set next day and they stood to the southward but that was too late as the centre had long passed her.

The centre passed to the northward of Macao during the early morning and disappeared from observation. No doubt the depression was quickly broken up.

470

82

The following observations are for noon on the 19th September in addition to those given in the table:

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Steep Island,

· 29.81 +.06

30.12 + .08

SE by S NE

N 10

2

0.

5

omd.

VESSELS.

Sh. Albania,

16° 21'

112o 35'

SSW

Bk. Sachem,

17 37

113 31

W

S.S. Bayern,

17 19

110 42

29.68

N

""

Cyclops,

19 0

114 14

.71

W

""

Denbigshire,

20 29

113 38

.73

NNW

Bk. Jessonda,...

21 20

114 40

.71

SW

S.S. Kowshing,

14 53

120 24

.83

SE

~ ∞ ∞ NA ∞ 10

op.

fine.

3

C.

2

0.

2

0.

confused swell. swell.

3

high sea.

5

0.

high sea.

Continental,

16 55

118 32

.83

S

squally.

Esmeralda,

17 44

117 28

.71

S by E

5

orq.

""

Sch. Santa Cruz,

20 28

117 9

SSE

opq.

S.S. Fokien,

E of Hongkong

.69

SE

5

orq.

Hailoong,

22 50

116 31

.77

ESE

6

0.

""

Cheang Hye Teng,

22 55

116 44

SE

5

or.

31

Yangtze,

23

56

116

.85

SSE

3

q.

swell.

>>

Fooksang,

24 42

118

50

.88

NE

6

ogr.

""

Verona,

25 5 119 49

.85

NE by N 4

fine, cross sea.

Between the 17th and 18th at noon the depression at the centre was 0.7 inch below the normal the lowest reading of the barometer being about 29.2. It rapidly filled

It rapidly filled up after passing near Breaker Point. The central isobars appear to have been very much elongated in a NW and SE direction, they corresponded on an average to the following distances 29.3: 30 miles, 29.4: 130 miles, 29.5: 140 miles, 29.6: 210 miles. Full typhoon force was not attained. The highest wind forces were regis- tered N of the centre where strong gales blew within 250 miles. Fresh gales blew within 180 East, moderate gales within 250 South and fresh breezes within 200 miles West of the centre. It was rainy within 200 miles of the centre and overcast at much greater distances. There was a high sea within 300 miles.

SOUTH CAPE.

DATE.

WIND.

Hour.

Bar.

Sept. 17 Noon | 29.31

3 p.

.21

.31

9

.42

Midt.

.48

18

3 a.

.48

6

.53

9

.64

*Noon

.69

3 p.

.66

6

.69

9

.79

Midt.

.80

19

3 2.

.76

6

.78

9

.87

Noon

.88

**IIIIIIIIIIII. Temp.

Dir.Force.

Weather.

Rain.

Bar.

Temp.

TAKOW.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

ENE

omp

78

N

29.31

76

SSW

77

SE

omqr

.40

77

omqp

76

78 SE/S

omqr

77

SE

4.70

.59 78

78

SSE

omqd

:

78

.64

78 SE/S

79 ESE

77

E

3

ompd cmp

.83 77

76

77

NE

omr

75 NNE

?omp 3.95 .88 79

76 NE/N 4 cpẩ

12 12 12 12 ⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀

79

NW

80 NNW 8

SE

78 SE

SSE

NE

No 8: 8: ¦ ¦ mini

10

10

FISHER ISLAND.

KEELUNG.

Weather.

Rain. Bar.

29.31

g

.39

.50

I 1,50

: : 00:

3.00

Temp.

ANPING.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

Weather.

Rain.

org

od

...

Or

6

I

0.62

:

: : : : : : :

SSE

: - wi ni ai ai mi ai si

79

77

77

77

76

.$6 83 SW

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 8:

.60 78

.801

કછુ છુ

TAMSUI

I

og

0.95

:

Sept. 17 Noon 29.37

80 NNE

3 p. .26

79

N

6

.22 80

***

9

.40 78 ENE

8 Jomqpd 9 omq 9-10 7-8

...

29.64 85

SE

op

29.65 80 SE

.66 83

4

opq

.66

Midt.

.47 78

omd

18

3 a,

.48 77

.46 77

SE

cm

9 Noon

.55

78

omr 0.90

.76 80

SE

or 4.47

.71

51

78

10

3 p.

.54

10-11 omqr

.73 81

.74

.61

8-9

.75

8-9

.85 80

SE

.76

Midt.

.75

6

omr

19

3 a.

.76

77

ENE

5-6

om

...

6

.79

9

77 .83 79

cm

:

E

cmd

3.18 .94 82

SE

1.32

Noon .84 82

NE

O

:

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀2 12 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦

...

3

***

440

79

3-5 og

3-6

og

0,37

3-5

og

...

76

...

...

.90 80

b

0.12

83

471

DATE.

TURNABOUT.

WIND.

Hoúr.

Bar.

Sept. 17 Noon 29.65

3 p.

.58

6

,56

9

.56

Midt.

.56

18

3 a.

.52

6

.52

DILI Temp.

Dir.

Force.

Weather.

CHAPEL ISLAND,

WIND.

Rain, Bar.

80

NE

10

om

29.46

80

10

omq

.42 83

80

10

gm

.40

78

78

:::

11

om

.39

11

.47

28 Temp.

Dir. Force.l

Weather.

Rain. Bar.

83

NNE

9 cm

29.58

10

.51

87

83

10 oum

.51

87

...

80

10

.51

85

78

odm

.51

85

...

...

79

11

cm

.45

77

.53

81

78. ÉNE

11

om

.46 77

.51 81

AMOY.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

88 NE

10 00 00 00 00 00 00 Temp.

Weather.

Rain.

9

.55

80

11

0.05

.51 79

E

omr

0.33

.55 81

Noon

.59 79

E

10

.50 77

.57 81

3 p.

.67 79 ENE

gm

.47 76

56 79

6

.74 78

E

gmd

.53 77

.63 79

E

Midt.

19

3 a. 6

Noon

2016088

.81 77

NE

5

omd

.66 75

.71 79

.83 77

ENE

ogmd

.67 76

.72 80

.75

77

om

.65 76

NE

.73 78

.85

77

.92 78

.90

81

445

gm

.72 77

.75 78

NE

gm om

0.19

.84

76

:

.90

76

B

10 10

4.05

.85 77

.87

77

67777ONOGO 10 10 10 10 42∞∞

c

od

or

:

...

0.10

od

or

I

2.95

LAMOCKS.

SWATOW.

BREAKER POINT.

Sept. 17 Noon | 29.53

84 NNE

4

C

29.58

3 p. 6

.48 84

cm

29.51

95

N

og

.48

82

.48

81

Midt.

.47

76

789

.50

NNW

mr

.48

mrq

.48

18.

3 a.

.38 77

NE

9-10

.45

6

.38 77

NNE

8-9

.46

.39 75

Noon

.29 77

p.

.25

6

.39 78

9

.59

Midt.

.54 76

19

3 a.

.62 77

.70 76

.78 76

Noon

.78 77

PECCELER8E

10

О

2.10

.47

11

.40

78

ESE

mp

.27

...

SE

8

mq

.35

77.

ESE

mr

.51

SSE

.59

.59

.69

SE

E

to H

om

4.75

.78

222 22 2 2

86

93 NNE .51 90 NNW .52 81 .53 80

cm

SE

cmp.

A

S

omd

78

NE 3-4 3-4

ogrq

.53 77

NNW

omd

.51 76

NNE

or

.44 75

N

4.5

...

76

NE

org

1.30

.43 76

NE

6-7

omgd 1.60

.39 78

78

NNE 7-8

.24

77

SE 6-7 oqp

.32 .78

SE

78

8-9

.43 78

ESE

7-8

oqr

.59 77

77

md

:::

SE

7-8

10 10:

.61 77

Or

.67

77

ogqr

4.30

.73

78

.74

77

∞ ∞ ∞ 10 30 20 10 10

omd

...

...

omgd 1.70

omd

DATE.

Hour.

Bar.

Temp.

HONGKONG.

WIND.

Dir. Force.]

Weather.

Sept. 17,

Noon

on to a

3 p.

6

29.67

91

N/W

.59 90 NW/W

.58 89 NNW

9

.60 88

Midt.

.57

88

18,

3 a.

.53

85

6

.54

78 NW/N

9

.58

77

Noon

.54 76

NW

3 p.

.46

76

6

.43

76

9

.48

71

Midt.

.50

70 NW/W

19,

3 a.

.52 71

E

1

6

.60

73

E/S

2

200:::85:8:5:05

NW

od

NNW

or

0.08

od

NW

or

or

SE

9

.67

78

ESE

2

0.95

Noon

.70

80

SSE

HOIHOW.

DATE.

Hour.

Bar.

Sept. 17,.

Noon

p.

29.70

84

W

6

.74

83

Midt.

18,

3 a.

...

6

Noon

...

.72

3 p.

.61

6

9

.72

Midt.

19,

3 a.

6

9

.78

22:*:*⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Temp.

WIND.

Dir.

Force.

b

Weather.

...

NNW

...

...

...

81

N

83

NNE

78

NNE

5

74

N

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 0 : 0 : 0 : ⠀⠀⠀

Noon

PEAK.

CANTON.

WIND.

Rain.

Bar.

Dir.

Force.

NNE

NNW

2000 20 10 10 10 10 ***

3

29.64 96

.60

.64

12: 2:22: 2; 8: 8: Temp.

WIND.

Dir.

Force.

weather.

Rain.

N

.65 88 NE

82 NW

81

N

.53 76 NNW

.52

ང་

...

72 NW

.51 70

.69 74 NNE

wi mi mi w w wi

3

C

3

3

I

0.77

rq

Τ

ogm

0.19

Rain.

Hour.

Bar.

***

4 a.

10

...

29.55

.62

81

ip.

.58

4

.52

...

:::

ગ્ર

0.07

10

.53

73

WSW

.69.

78

Calm

1 p.

.69

83

#2: 2:2; 232: 8:⠀⠀⠀

Temp.

MACAO..

WIND.

Dir. Force.

Weather.

Rain.

83

NW

79

75

.53 76 WNW

coi wi mi www mi⠀⠀⠀

:::

...

400

2

C

2

cd

3

cr

or

0.25

cdv

CV

472

84

Direction of Wind in points and Velocity in miles per hour at S: Cape. September, 17th 1a.—18th Midt.

September 17.

September 18.

September 17.

September 18.

Hour.

Hour.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

Dir.

Vel.

la.

2a.

3a.

4a.

5a.

6a.

7a.

8a.

9a.

ZE: Z: : G: Z

N

31

SE

56

1p.

26

50

2p.

N by W

30

49

3p.

222

N

19

SE by S

39

NE by N

20

SSĚ

32

N

17

32

34

51

4p.

WNW

31

33

21

31

54

"

5p.

WSW

27

SE by S

32

35

SE by S

53

6p.

SSW

17.

30

33

SE

47

7p.

SSE

26

SE

22

N by W

35

49

8p.

SE by S

41

SE by E

21

"

N

38

45

9p.

SE

44

ESE

16

10a.

33

ور

11a. Noon

WNW ENE

33

18

SE by S SSE

43

10p.

SE by S

47

E by S

15

34

11p.

52

E by N

17

""

39

Midt.

SE

48

16

On the 20th September the barometer was rising at all stations in China and the NE monsoon commenced spreading southward into the northern part of the China Sea. On the 21st, pressure was increasing further on the S and W and E Coasts, but was giving way slightly in Formosa and at the stations in the north part of the Channel. In Luzon the barometer was also falling. NE winds were now blowing as far south as 20° lat. to the Westward of the Bashee Channel. In the middle of the China Sea winds were light and variable, in Luzon light SW airs and breezes. On the 22nd the barometer was falling all along the China Coast particularly in the N. There was also a considerable decrease of pressure on the NW Coast of Luzon. Strong NE breezes blew on the SE coast of China and extended across the China Sea as far south as 18° where high seas and squally wet weather also prevailed. Off the Coast of SW Luzon fresh SW breezes blew. At Bolinao a gentle SSE breeze and weather becoming wet with lower clouds moving fast from the S. The observations indicate that a depression was forming in an area to the west of Bolinao on the 22nd. The Zafiro at 4 p. in 14° 55', 120° 0′ steering NW had then a gentle SW breeze and cloudy weather. At midnight the wind became variable of force 3 with showery weather and SW swell and so continued until noon next day when the wind settled down at NNE.

The following are the observations for noon on the 22nd :-

Bolinao, Hoihow, Hongkong,

Breaker Point,

Lamocks,

South Cape,

Fisher Island,

Chapel Island,

Turnabout, Steep Island,

COAST STATIONS.

-

.96

29.79 .07 SSE .01

-

.94 .05

NNE NNW 3

.97 .94 .04

.01

N

NE

.88

.04 .87 .03 .93 .02

NE NNE

N

30.01 + .02 NNE

.11

.06

NNE

COTH COLONIN 10H

3

0.

4

0.

0.

omp.

C.

4 C.

5

omq.

cm.

8 0.

4

CV.

VESSELS.

S.S. Picciola,

13° 36'

121° 06'

SW

5

Bk. Penshaw,

17 13

122 58

SE

3

Sch. Santa Cruz,

19 18

S.S. Lightning,

18 41

""

Sungkiang,

Sh. Albania,

19 17

117 45 113 31 116 29

NE

or.

high sea. fine. high sea.

29.87

NNE

b.

.84

NNE

5

op.

moderate sea.

19 51

113 46

NE

high sea.

Bk. Sachem,

S.S. Memnon,

21

20 17 114 39 40 114 30

NE

or.

.95

NNE

q.

The following are the observations for noon of the 23rd September :-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

.29.81 +02

Hoihow,

Hongkong,

.93 03 .95 + 01

SSE NNE NNE

2

5

1

Breaker Point, Lamocks,.....

S. Cape, Fisher Island,

.94 03

NE

5

..93 01

NE

t-

.84 04

NE

5

.87 00

NNE

8

Chapel Island,

.92 01

NNE

7

Turnabout,

..30.03 + 02

NNE

6

g.

Steep Island,

.11 00

NNE

3

North Saddle, Ichang,..

.06

02

NNE

5

༧༧ཀྱྀ་š

..29.98

· 13

85

VESSELS.

473

"}

S.S. Phra Chula Chom Klao, 12° 28

Taksang,

109° 25'

29.88

N

15 31

118 46

SSW

Picciola,

15 36

118 49

.81

SW

""

"Zafiro,

17 43

117 47

.70

var.

2992

6

6

orq.

Sch. Santa Cruz,

17 57

118 16

SE

or.

S.S. Else, ..

18 25

117 1

.80

Bq. Penshaw,

18 47

122

12

.86

ENE

var.

S.S. Triumph,

Sh. Albania, Bk. Sachem,

19 30

111 51

.89

20 15

113 26

NE by N NE by E

20 43

113 57

NE

S.S. Achilles,

"

Esang,.....

22 48 116 32 23 33 117 57

.86

NE

6

+267∞ coco

high sea.

swell from WNW. N swell.

fine, high sea.

0.

or.

heavy sea. high sea.

b.

0.

.92 NE by N 6

The observations for the 23rd September show that the barometer had continued falling at Hoihow and S. Cape while at the stations on the SE coast it was almost steady. On the East Coast it was inclined to fall and at the Yangtze stations there had been a considerable decrease of pressure since the previous day. That probably determined the course of this typhoon to the N. Moderate to strong NE breezes prevailed between Hoihow and Turnabout, but at some of the Channel stations there was a moderate NĚ gale. The weather was cloudy. In Luzon the barometer was inclined to rise slightly. At Bolinao there was a light to gentle SSE breeze with overcast sky.

The Koushing which left Manila for Hongkong at 1 p. had a moderate SW breeze during the evening with falling barometer. The Picciola and Taksang in about 1540, 119° had strong SW breezes with heavy rain and high sea and swell. The Zafiro at noon in 17° 43', 117° 47′ (barometer 29.70) had light to gentle variable breezes with showery weather during the morning, but in the afternoon the wind became NNE 5, weather squally with heavy rain and N swell. The barometer had fallen rapidly since the previous midnight, but commenced rising again during the evening of the 23rd (at midnight 29.72). Since the previous day this vessel steering NW had passed from an area where gentle SW winds blew to one in which the winds were light and variable and the weather showery with low barometer and thence to a district where fresh NNE breezes were blowing with heavy rain and rising barometer. The Else was at noon on the 23rd about 60 miles NW by W of the Zafiro, she had then ENE 4, (barometer 29.80). She was steaming SSE and was passing into the area which the Zafiro had just left. At midnight the barometer (29.74) had fallen and the wind was ESE 3 rapidly veering to SSE. The schooner Santa Cruz, a little to the ENE of the Zafiro, at noon had SE wind with very heavy rain and high sea. At midnight a thunderstorm was encountered with heavy squalls of wind and rain. Some vessels about 100 miles SSW of Hongkong had moderate NE gales and high sea. The observations point to a depression in the initial stage, perhaps in 17°, 117° and about 60 miles SW of the position of the Zafiro at noon on the 23rd. There were no vessels at this time to the W and SW of this position, but probably there was a trough in about the latitude of 17° extending to the Westward with squally wet weather and variable winds while NE winds prevailed to the North and SW winds to the S of this area.

The following are the observations for noon on the 24th September :-

Bolinao, Hoihow,

COAST STATIONS.

......29.82 + .01 .91 · .02

SE by S

2

0.

NE

4

C.

Hongkong,

Breaker Point,

Lamocks,....

South Cape,

Fisher Island,

.91

-

- .04

calm.

.88 ..06

NNE

.90 - .03

NNE

.82 - .02

NE

.81 — .06.

NNE

Turnabout,

Chapel Island,

Steep Island,

North Saddle, Ichang,

.88

· .04

NNE

.95

..08

NNE

....30.07

T

.04

NE

.06.00

E

...29.90 .08

SE

B64773 3D parcel

C.

C.

cm.

C.

om.

CV.

Cv.

Q.

VESSELS.

S.S. Else,

15° 14'

Phra Chula Chom lao, 15 41

دو

Kowshing,

17 36

118 4

119° 15' SSE 180 29.76 110 26 WSW 450 .86

ESE

SW

6 or.

high sea.

50

.71

SW

4

or.

Sch. Santa Cruz,

17 57

117 57

E by N

40

SSE

""

S.S. Picciola,

Taksang,

Bq. Penshaw,. Sh. Albania, Bk. Sachem,..

S.S. Triumph,

17 53

116 25

W by N

60

.76

NE

4

18 39

116 52

NNW

70

NE

4

NNW 4 0. swell.

or. high cross sea.

high sea and swell. high cross sea.

19 0

122 16

ENE

300

SW

fine.

19 48

114 11

NW

220

NE

20 18

113 57

NW

260

.81

NE

6

"

Zafiro,

" Ancona,

21 6 21 26 115 3 22 56 116 46

112 27

NW

350

.89

NE by N

5

high sea. fine.

NNW 270

N

3

.79 NË 330 .92 NNE 4 b.

fine.

On the 24th the barometer was almost steady in Luzon with light S and SE breezes and cloudy weather. Pressure was decreasing slightly at Hoihow moderately fast on the SE coast and in the Formosa Channel. A further fall had also taken

A further fall had also taken place at the Yangtze stations.

place at the Yangtze stations. Winds were NE to NNE on the China Coast, moderate breezes on the S and E coasts, strong breezes in the Formosa Channel. The weather was generally cloudy but fine.

474

86

The Phra C. C. Klao off the NE coast of Annam at noon on the 24th had a moderate breeze veering from NNW to NNE as she steamed northwards with overcast squally weather and N swell. The barometer was steady (at midnight 29.85). The Elee which had steamed SSE since the previous day now had a strong SW breeze with heavy rain and high sea and barometer rising (29.81 at midnight). The Koushing steaming NW from her noon position had during the evening fresh to strong NE breezes with squally weather and high sea. At noon she had SW 4 so that between that hour and 8 p.-when the barometer was lowest (29.68)--she had passed through an intervening area where variable winds prevailed. Unfortunately no observations were recorded during the interval. The Taksang and Picciola at noon on the 24th about 100 miles NW of the Kowshing and proceedling to the NNW had since midnight of the 23rd also passed from a district where fresh to strong SW winds blew accompanied by heavy rain to one in which moderate NE breezes prevailed. A high cross sea was noted during the time at first from WNW afterwards from NE. The Picciola at midnight 24th had the barometer rising (29.80) and the wind increased to a strong NE breeze on both vessels. The barque Penshaw had NE 4 at midnight with S swell.

The small schooner Santa Cruz at noon on the 24th hove to on the starboard tack in 17° 57', 117° 57′ under double reefed foresail had it blowing hard from the Southward and the rain pouring down in torrents. Heavy seas were breaking over the ship. One heavy sea caused a boat which was hanging in the davits on the port side, and was well lashed, to get nearly capsized in her lashings and they nearly lost her altogether. In the evening it blew with great force from the SSW.

The sailing vessels Albania and Sachem in about 20°, 114° had moderate NE gales and high sea. The centre of the depression was at noon on the 24th in 1720, 117. It had commenced to move towards NNE and had become concentrated since the previous day but at present was of insignificant dimensions.

The following are the observations for noon of September 25th:--

Sch. Santa Cruz, Bk. Penshaw, S.S. Don Juan, Sh. Albania, Bk. Sachem, S.S. Picciola,

Kowshing, Taksang,

Yungping,

35

99

""

""

Ningpo,

Deuteros,

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

29.84 + .02

S/W

0.

Hoihow,

.90. .01

NE/E

3

b.

Hongkong,

.85

.06

WSW

0.

Breaker Point,

.83

.05

NE

4

cm.

Lamocks,

.83 .07

NNE

South Cape,

.84 + .02

NE

Takow,

.81 +.01

NW

Anping,

.80

.00

N

Fisher Island,

.78

.03

NNE

Chapel Island,.

.82 - .06

NNE

Turnabout,

.91

.04

NNE

Steep Island,

30.04

.03

ENE

North Saddle,

Ichang,

.00 .06 29.90 .00

E/S

6321 10 CO CO Go no

C.

cp.

C.

0.

5

cm.

6

c.

38

om.

Cv.

C.

calm

ةن

0.

VESSELS.

SSW 70 18° 11'

118° 9'

SW

or.

high cross sea.

E/N

130 19 56

120 52

29.84 ?

ESE

6

high cross sea,

N

....

100 21 14

118 46

.74

ESE

2

W

190 19

18

115 26

N

3 b.

W/N 210 19 45 W/N 220 19 56 WNW 200 20 51 WNW 280 21 3 NW/N 240 22 50 NNW 240 22 54 NNE 450 26 30

115 6

N

8

high sea.

115 2

.81

NNE 3 b.

115 33

.77

NE

6

heavy sea.

114 14

ΝΕ

115 59 116 26 .84 120 39 .96

NNE NE NE

fine.

4 C. 6

increasing sea.

On the 25th September at Bolinao (Luzon) the barometer was almost steady, the wind light SW to S breezes, and weather wet. The lower clouds came fast from the S. In Hongkong the barometer was falling with light airs and breezes chiefly from NW and W and clouded sky. The lower and upper (sm-cum) clouds came from N in the evening. At Victoria Peak the wind was NE 3 during the morning backing to NNW 3 in the afternoon. Pressure was decreasing moderately fast on the SE coast where moderate to strong NE to NNE breezes prevailed with cloudy weather. In S Formosa the barometer at noon showed a slight rise since the previous day but during the evening it commenced to fall rapidly at S Cape where gentle NE breezes with showery weather prevailed. Very heavy rain had fallen there between the 24th and 25th and 6.60 inches was measured at 9 a. on the latter day. On the East Coast the weather was fine with gentle E breezes and falling barometer.

On the 25th September the schooner Santa Cruz had the wind continuing to blow strongly from the SSW during the morning of the 25th decreasing towards evening. The barque Penshaw at noon in 19° 56′, 120° 52′ had the wind veering to ESE and increasing in force during the morning with high cross sea. During the afternoon the wind continued to veer and increase in force. At midnight she was hove to on the port tack under lower topsail and fore topmast stay sail, the wind at the time being a strong S gale with a high sea. The Don Juan at noon in 21° 14', 118° 46′ steering S by E had the barometer falling rapidly (at 4 p. 29.66, 8 p. 29.54) with wind increasing in force from the East. At 8 p. a whole gale from E was experienced and at midnight a whole gale from W with the lowest reading of the barometer (29.38). Very heavy rain was falling between 8 p. and midnight.

87

475

Some vessels within 100 miles to the S and E of Hongkong had fresh NE breezes while the Albania and Picciola about 150 SSE of Hongkong had gentle N breezes and fine weather. The Sachem near those two vessels reports a fresh N gale and high sea. This force is doubtless over estimated.

The centre at noon on the 25th September was situated in 19° 30′, 118° 45′ and at midnight in 20° 20′, 119° 30'. It was moving slowly (at about 5 to 6 miles per hour) towards NNE and had increased in intensity since the previous day.

Detailed observations for the 26th September are annexed for some of the stations in the neigh- bourhood of the Formosa Channel. The following are some additional observations for noon of the 26th:

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Hongkong, Steep Island,

29.87 + .03

SSE

.85 .00

W

.90 .14

NE

North Saddle,

Ichang,

.88

.12

ENE

122∞

0.

C.

cm.

3

om.

.85 .05

calm

0.

VESSELS.

Sch. Santa Cruz, S.S. Don Juan,

Bk. Penshaw,

Sh. Albania,

Bk. Sachem,

S.S, Phra Chula Chom Klao,

Deuteros,

SSW 250 17° 29' SSW 200 18 41

S 90 20

28 WSW 330 19 27 WSW 300 20 W 400 21 NW/W 180 23

119° 16′

SSW

C.

heavy sea.

119 36 29.79

W

high sea.

120 52 .69

ᏚᎳ

115 31

calm

b.

14.

115 57

NNE

3

40

113 29

.86

NNE 2

decreasing sea. swell.

Ningpo,

54 NW 180 24 50

NNE 5 NNE 4 0.

The following are the observations made at South Cape for the 26th and 27th over which place the centre passed at noon on the 26th:-

118 12

.79

0.

118 58

.76

SOUTH CAPE.

Hour.

Bar.

SEPTEMBER, 26.

WIND.

Temp.

Direction.

Velocity miles per hour.

Weather.

Rainfall.

inches.

Bar.

Temp.

SEPTEMBER, 27.

WIND.

Direction. Velocity miles

per hour.

Weather.

inches.

Rainfall.

107 00 - LO CO I

1 a.

NE

21

2

3

29.75

75

4

6

7

8

.69

9

10

11

Noon

.61

.39

.19

.12

1 P.

2

.24

.39

3

.55

4

6

7

8

9

10

11

Midt.

::::::::

.67

.75

.75

*::*::*::*:: 8:: 2 : 2:2⠀⠀

:

WNW

40

NEE

24

ESE

21

og mr

29.76

ENE

9

E

15

75

ESE

11

E

23

E/S

31

...

ESE

46

ogmqr

4.00

::

8888

.83

E/S

47

...

SE/E

59

80

SSW

18

o m

NW/W

76

...

...

WNW

65

75

47

ompq

.80

46

...

W/N

43

...

78

34

.83

36

38

78

37

.88

WNW

34

41

78

40.

c m

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀2:12

:

27

78

NW/W

32

с

WNW

38

29

.79 79

39

WIN

35

WNW

33

80

NW/W

30

2.50

24

WIN

35

.85 82

WNW

28

W/N

23

21

81

24

WNW

23

18

80

19

WIN

22

22

79

WNW

21

...

NNW

9

N/W

77

.94 76

6

On the 26th September light S breezes with rising barometer and cloudy weather prevailed in Luzon. Light airs and breezes chiefly from W prevailed at Hongkong with barometer rising towards evening and the sky clearing. At Victoria Peak there was NNE 2 during the morning backing to WNW 3 during the afternoon and becoming NW 3 at night. N to NE moderate to strong breezes prevailed in the Channel during the morning with cloudy weather and falling barometer. During the evening the barometer was rising again and at the S entrance to the Channel the wind backed to SW 3 and the sky cleared. At Fisher Island there blew N 8 during the afternoon backing to NNW 4 at midnight. At S Cape the wind commenced veering from NE at 3 a. but was no stronger than force 4 until after 7 a. Between 9 a. and 11 a. the barometer fell very rapidly, the wind being ESE a fresh to strong gale with rain the whole time. From the record of the anemograph it is seen that at 11.30 a. the wind commenced to veer from ESE and at 11.50 a. it fell absolutely calm, the direction

476

88

at that time being S by E. The calm lasted until 12.13 p. when the storm burst again from the WNW. The lowest reading of the barometer occurred at noon (29.12). It remained overcast while the calm lasted but no rain fell. The average rate of motion was about 10 miles per hour at this time and the central calm therefore corresponded to a diameter of about 4 miles. It blew with almost typhoon force for one hour immediately after the passage of the centre and then gradually decreased to force 7 at midnight preserving about the WNW direction, the weather being showery. The heaviest rainfall took place in front of the centre where also the steepest gradients were found and which corresponded to 0.3 inch in 15 nautical miles. The lowest barometer reading was about 0.8 inch below the normal. Fresh gales blew within 100 miles of the centre.

The Don Juan on the early morning of the 26th had the wind quickly decreasing to W 5 (barometer 29.77 rising) at 8 a. on the 26th as she steamed southward. The barque Penshaw, at 2.30 a. about 70 miles ESE of the centre, had the lowest reading of the barometer (29.50) with a whole gale from S with heavy sea. She was still hove to at noon in 20° 28′, 120° 52′ and the barometer had risen quickly and a fresh SW gale was blowing moderating however and the direction veering (at midnight WNW 6).

The following are some observations for the 27th September at noon:-

Bolinao, Hongkong,

COAST STATIONS.

29.91 + .04 .91 + .06

SSW WSW

1

C.

1

b.

Breaker Point,

.91.11

Lamocks.....

.90 + .12

SW NNW

1

1

b.

South Cape,

.85 + .73

Takow,

.87 + .21

Anping,

.87 + .20

Fisher Island,

.87 + .19

WNW NW NW/N N

C.

3

4

2

Chapel Island,

.87 + .12

NE

فقرف

ن نه خفن فقر فين

bm.

Turnabout,

.91 + .13

E

1

Tamsui,

.94 + .17

N/E

Keelung,

.87 +19

NNE

نن

C.

༤༤༧༧ཟླ་

VESSELS.

Seb. Santa Cruz,

Sh. Albania,

17° 13'

120° 0'

SW

C.

·

Bk. Penshaw,................

20 12

120 44 29.88

WNW

2

fine.

19 20

115 31

calm

Bk. Sachem,

20

16

115 30

W

1

fine.

S.S. Deuteros,.

22 19

115 1

29

"3

Tai Yick, Gaelic,

24 13

26 38

29.93 118 47 .90 123 3 .80

WNW 2

fine.

NW

N

3 77 0.

C.

Hour.

Bar.

Dir. Force.

On the 27th the barometer was rising at all stations particularly in Formosa and at the adjacent Channel stations, the weather being fine generally. At Takow and Anping moderate NW breezes prevailed. At S Cape the wind continued to blow from about WNW the whole day decreasing from force 7 in the early morning to force 3 at night. In N Formosa light NNE airs prevailed with detached clouds. The barque Penshaw had now fine weather and a light WNW breeze. The Gaelic about 100 miles to the NNE of N Formosa steering SW had a moderate N gale decreasing with rough sea, overcast sky and rising barometer. The centre was possibly at noon on the 27th in 234, 126° but this is very uncertain and afterwards it disappeared from observation :-

DATE.

:

!

BREAKER POINT

WIND.

Weather.

Rainfall.

LAMOCKS.

WIND.

Bar.

Dir.

Force.

September 26,..

3 a.

29.89

75

N

4

o m

29.76

6

.81 73 NW

c m

9

.85 81

N

c m

75 .78 75 .80 78

NNE

6

4-5

...

NW

2

Noon

.80 82

SW

b

.78 82

W

...

3

p.

.77 82

3-4

b

.75

SW

6

.79 79

4

bm

.79

9

.84

78

b m

.84 77

...

Midt.

.82 75

b m

.85

76

W

CHAPEL ISLAND.

TURNABOUT.

September 26,.......

3 a.

29.77

75

N

29.83

72

N

6

o m

6

9

.80 75 .79 79

.82

71

6

NNE

.81

74

7

g m

Noon

.75

82.

2

.78

75

7

o m

3

p.

.71 86 ENE

1

.73 75

6

c m

6

.74 78

1

.76 75

9

.82 77

ESE

1

.84

75

NNW

Midt.

.82 77

1

.83

74

cm w

DATE.

Sept. 26,

Hour.

Bar.

Temp.

TAKOW.

WIND.

Dir. Force

Weather.

3 a.

6

9

29.72 74

NW 2

Noon

3

p.

.60 78 NNW 10

6

9

.80 76 NNE

Midt.

i o: Ei vii

g

9

:.

Rain.

89

Weather.

Rain.

Bar.

ANPING.

WIND.

Dir. Force

10

29.74 77 NE 2

: 2:22: Temp.

.72 76

.63 79 N

.82 77

::::

4

Bar.

FISHER ISLAND.

Temp.

WIND.

Bar. Force

Weather.

Rain.

or

29.71

76NNE 6

c m

.73 77

6

omg

3

10.44

.74 76

6

.68 76

7

7

.67 76 N .72 77

8

om q

6

c m

: 0 :

.79 76 NNW .83 77

5 4

5

4

OCTOBER.

During the first few days of October moderate NE monsoon prevailed on the China Coast and in the China Sea, and, in Luzon, light variable breezes the weather being fine generally.

The following observations are for the 7th October at noon :-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao,

...29.75

J

.08

Hoihow,

A

.97 .05

NNE NE by N

3

C.

3

b.

Hongkong,

.90 .10

W by S

1

b.

Breaker Point,

.91

.07

E

2

bm.

Lamocks,...

.89 .11

NE

b.

2

S. Cape,

.84

.04

NE

4

cmd.

Anping,

.82

..10

N by E

b.

Fisher Island,

Chapel Island, Turnabout, Steep Island,

* Kiukiang,

.83

..08

N

cm.

.87 .10

NNE

b.

.93

.09

N

om.

.30.03 .05

S

ENE

3

C.

North Saddle,

-

.02 .06

E by N

4

om.

var.

C.

* Ichang,

.01 + .01 ,29.99 + .04

0.

* The barometer readings at the Yangtze Stations are uncorrected, the index errors and heights above M.S.L. being unknown.

VESSELS.

S.S. Bombay,

Ravenna,

70 571 12 22

109° 23' 111

29.86

SW

8

.86

N

"" Bantam,

.12 50

112 45

.87

NNE

NNA

4

rq.

swell. do.

do.

22

Sch, Santa Cruz,

..15 49

126 54

.74

NW

S.S. Airlie,..

.14 13

119 47

NW

Don Juan,

15 2

119 13

.71

N

Sungkiang,

.15 48

119 4

.71

N by E

Kowshing,

17

33

"

Cosmopolit,

.19 53 116

117 53 1

.77

NNE

.87

NE

* SO CO CO CO

4

C.

6 b.

فرن

6

6 C.

high sea.

do.

increasing sea.

On the 7th October the barometer was falling rapidly on the China Coast with moderate NE breezes and fine weather except at S Cape where drizzling rain was falling. In Luzon the barometer had also fallen quickly with a gentle NNE breeze at Bolinao and cloudy weather. Off the W coast of Luzon moderate to strong N breezes with high sea prevailed. On the western side of the China Sea in 121, 112° light N breezes were blowing and the Bombay to the SSW of that position in 8o, 1091° had W to SW moderate breezes veering to N 3 as she proceeded northwards with squally wet weather, falling barometer and confused swell.

The schooner Santa Cruz at noon on the 6th October in 17° 7', 125° 18′ (barometer 29.94) already had an increasing NNE breeze, falling barometer and rising sea. They put two reefs in the mainsail and made the upper topsail fast. Next morning it began to blow hard and the sea to run clean over the small vessel. They kept her two and a half points off, steering SE by S to keep the deck dry and in the hope of running out of the typhoon. Mainsail and jib were made fast at 4 a. (barometer 29.80). At 9 a. it blew hard from the north and the vessel worked fearfully in the tremendously high sea. At noon on the 7th in 15° 49′, 126° 54′ (barometer 29.71) the wind had backed to NW and continued increasing in force. At 3.30 p. they had to heave her to under double reefed foresail-the wind had backed to WNW. Sea after sea came breaking over the ship carrying the starboard boat with its davits away, breaking on the after hatch and washing the binnacle stand and compass overboard and the cargo shifted to starboard.

shifted to starboard. At 8 p. (barometer 29.59) they lost the jibboom and at midnight part of the bulwarks on the starboard bow was stove in. The galley was smashed in and one tank got adrift.

The centre at noon on the 7th October was perhaps in 15o, 130°.

477

478

90

The following are the observations for the 8th October at noon :-

COAST STATIONS.

Manila,

Bolinao,

..29.66 — .09 .66 .09

WSW

1

C.

N

4 0.

Hoihow,

.94 .03

NE

3 b.

Hongkong,

.89

.01

N by E

3

Breaker Point,

.87

.04

NE

Lamocks,..

.89

.00

NE

S. Cape,

.76

.08

NNE

Anping,

.78

.04

NNE

3 8 2 3 5 3 3 £

b.

em.

b.

c.

b.

Fisher Island,

.78

.05

N

omq.

Chapel Island,

.86

.01

NE

cm.

Turnabout,

.93

.00

NNE

om.

Steep Island,

.30.05 + .02

NE

C.

North Saddle,.....

.05 + .03

NE

Kiukiang,

.04 + .03

NE

C.

S.S. Bombay,

Ichang,

.02 + .03

SE

1

b.

VESSELS.

.11° 35'

111° 21'

29.77

NNE

Bantam,

""

.....15

38

113 24

NNE

6

""

Ravenna,

.15 55

113 6

.*79

NNE

Sch. Santa Cruz,

.15 50

127 0

28.81

WSW

12

S.S. Zafiro,

.16 17

118 50

29.71

NNE

19

Cosmopolit,.

.16 52

118 31

.71

NE

22

Airlie,

.17 11

118 6

NE

Don Juan,

.17 50

117 37

.70

NE

1)

""

Sungkiang,

.18 39

116 48

.69

NNE

""

Kowshing,

.21 21

115 16

.88

27

Taisang,

.24 46 118 48

.87

NE by N NË

DONTE TO CO CO CO6

5

p.

high irregular sea.

5

high sea.

oqr.

heavy confused sea.

og.

0.

increasing sea.

high sea.

moderate sea.

6

6

op.

heavy sea. fine, high sea.

From the above observations it is seen that a rapid fall in the barometer had taken place in Luzon. At Manila there was a light W to SW breeze and at Bolinao a moderate N breeze. The sky was clouded. At S. Cape pressure was decreasing rather rapidly. The weather was fine with moderate NNE breeze.

On the S and SE China Coast the barometer was falling slightly and NE to NNE moderate breezes with fine weather prevailed. Strong N to NE breezes prevailed in the north and central parts of the Formosa Channel. On the East Coast and along the Yangtze the barometer was rising slightly with NE fresh to strong breezes off the Coast. The mean temperature on the 8th October for the 24 hours was in excess at Hongkong, being 3° above the mean. At S. Cape the mean of tri-hourly observa- tions of temperature was 80o, at Chapel Island 75°, at Turnabout 73°, at N. Saddle 70°. Fresh to strong NNE breezes prevailed in the middle of the China Sea and as far South and West as 11°, 111° as shown by the log of the Bombay. Off the NW coast of Luzon strong NNE breezes to moderate gales were experienced by several vessels and a high sea was general. The Cosmopolit steaming SSE had the barometer falling until midnight (29.62) the wind backing and decreasing and the sea going down. The schooner Santa Cruz (barometer 4 a. 29.20) at 5 a. on the 8th lost part of the bulwarks on the poop which caused the cabin to be flooded with two feet of water and the water to run down the cabin hatch on top of the cargo. At 5.30 a. the ship was laying on its beam ends and as everything was afloat on deck and the ship in a sinking condition they cut away the masts and after they went overboard she righted herself somewhat. There was now five feet of water in the hold and all hands were at work clearing the decks and working the pumps. The rain was pouring down and it was blowing fearfully hard. The wind was changing all the time as the vessel was carried helplessly around the centre. At noon on the 8th the barometer read 28.78, at 8 p. 28.70, but these readings are hardly to be trusted. The position of the vessel was, of course, not properly known, but at noon on the 7th she was in 15° 49', 126° 54', and at noon on the 12th in 15° 53', 127° 45′ and how she drifted about in the meantime we do not know.

The centre was on October 8th at noon in 16°, 127° moving north-westward. The following observations are for the 9th October at noon :-

Manila, Bolinao,

COAST STATIONS.

.29.61 .05

W

C.

.61 .05

N

or.

Hoihow,

.94

.00

NE

b.

Hongkong,

.82

.07

NNW

b.

Breaker Point,

.77

.10

N

C.

Lamocks,...

.80

.09

NNE

cm.

S. Cape,

.50

.26

NNE

cmq.

Takow,

.57

.22

N

C.

Anping,

.61

.17

N by E

0.

Fisher Island,

.61

.17

N

cmq.

Chapel Island,

.72

.14

NE

7

cm.

Ockseu,

.76

.11

NE

8

cm.

Turnabout,

.88 .05

NNE

10

em.

Middle Dog,

.90 .02

NNE

6

cm.

Steep Island,

.30.09 + .04

NE

5

C.

North Saddle,..

.08 + .03

NE

7

CV.

Kiukiang, ..... Ichang,

.01

-

- .03

NE

3

C.

.02

.00

b.

127° 0')?

91

VESSELS.

479

Sch. Santa Cruz, S.S. Taksang,

Cosmopolit,

(16° 0' 10 21

SW

· 121 59

13 15

120 21

29.66

W NW

""

""

Pakshan, Bombay,

14 46

112 6

.79

NNE

14 48

112 44

.77

NNE

Bantam,

18 1

113 43

...

"}

""

A

Ravenna,

19 23

113 29

.83

NE by N NNE

"

Zafiro,

19 12

116 20

.69

N

Airlie,

19 43

116 17

"

Don Juan,

20 24

115 42

.74

N by E NE

,,

""

Sungkiang

21

34

114 40

.79

N

Verona,

23 20

117 41

.78

NNE

""

""

Empress of China,..

23 48

118 14

.85

NE

""

Empress of Japan,....

24 23

118 52

.79

NE

""

Choysang,

25 47

120 20

.92

ENE

""

Taisang,

26 19

119 58

.90

NNE

Protos,

26 31

120 53

.96

NNE

دو

33

Nanchang,

27 12

121 19

.95

NNE

City of Peking,

27 17

123 26

.95

NNE

Bokhara,

(27 50

122

0 )?

NE

H.I.A.M. Fr. Fasana,

28 0

121

50

30.00

NE

S.S. Cyclops,

""

Phra Nang,

27

Fu Ping,

28 5 28 28 123 44 32 16 122 56

121 55

29.97

NNE

.96

NNE

NE

GOTH 10 10 OO7N710∞7OTTO 6 5 07654

orq.

6

orq.

moderate sea.

0.

orq.

heavy sea.

rough sea.

6

0.

ö

5

فن

b.

8

heavy sea. high sea. increasing sea. high sea. moderate sea. high sea. fine, high sea.

C.

8

high sea.

0.

do.

9

do.

b.

0.

moderate sea and swell

ܩܩܘ

0.

b.

b.

On the 9th October the centre of the typhoon was in 19°, 1233° and it was still moving north westward. The following is a summary of the weather prevailing at the coast stations on that day. In Luzon the barometer continued falling during the morning hours with gentle SW to W breezes and cloudy weather in S. Luzon. At Bolinao (NW Luzon) the wind increased in force from N with rain and at 8 a. it had backed to NW by N and blew a fresh gale, the lower clouds coming from the same direction as the wind. During the afternoon and evening the wind moderated and was from NW and WNW force 4, the weather being squally and showery and the barometer commencing to rise. Around the Gulf of Tonking pressure had not changed since the previous day, but during the evening the barometer commenced falling. N to NE moderate and fresh breezes with fine weather prevailed. The barometer was falling on the SE coast of China and in Formosa moderately fast at Hongkong, but very rapidly at those stations near S. Formosa and particularly so at S. Cape where the decrease amounted to a quarter of an inch during the previous 24 hours. On the East Coast the observations show a slight rise of the barometer since noon of the 8th October while along the Yangtze pressure had varied but little.

Gradients for NE winds had become very steep and were increasing between the northern entrance to the Formosa Channel and S. Cape and N to NE fresh and strong gales increasing with high sea prevailed in the Channel during the day, the sky being partially clouded.

partially clouded. At night the sky became overcast and a whole NNE gale was blowing at Turnabout and Fisher Island. The observations recorded at S. Cape between October 9th at 1 a. and October 11th midnight are annexed. They show that the barometer continued to fall very rapidly during the evening and that the wind had increased to a fresh gale from N by E with rain squalls. Very heavy continuous rain was falling at Tamsui in N Formosa with a strong ENE breeze, the barometer falling but moderately fast until the evening when the fall was accelerated and the wind became NNE 10. Very fine weather prevailed at the East Coast stations with chiefly moderate to fresh NE breezes. At N. Saddle a moderate NE gale. At Hongkong the weather was very fine and the temperature high, the mean of the 24 hours being 79°. 1. A gentle NNW breeze prevailed and some sm-cum. cloud came from N. At Victoria Peak there was a fresh NNW breeze. The mean temperature for some of the stations on October 9th was as follows:- Hongkong 79°, Swatow 81°, Lamocks 76°, S. Cape 77°, Fisher Island 74°, Chapel Island 74°, Turnabout 71°, Foochow 74°, Steep Island 70°, North Saddle 68°, Kiukiang 70°. At Hongkong and Swatow temperature was in excess, at the other stations it was about normal. The weather experienced by vessels at sea on the 9th October was as follows:-

The schooner Santa Cruz at noon in the approximate position of 16°, 127° had strong SW winds and decreasing sea. The Bombay and Pakshan in about 15°, 1121° had fresh NNE breezes, squally wet weather and rough sea with almost steady barometer (on Bombay at 8 p. 29.75). Several vessels to the South of Hongkong in the northern part of the China Sea had strong NNE breezes and moderate gales with the direction backing a little towards evening as they steamed northwards. A high sea was running, the sky was partially clouded and the barometer falling slightly. Vessels approaching Hongkong from the Eastward had strong NNE breezes backing and decreasing. The character of the weather in and near the Formosa Channel may be seen from the detailed logs of some vessels and also from the observations made at the lighthouse stations which are appended. In general it may be stated that during the evening NNE fresh to whole gales blew throughout the Channel, the force being somewhat lighter in the southern portion. Whole gales were blowing between Fisher Island and Turnabout, and there was a very turbulent sea. The Choysang, Protos, Empress of Japan, Formosa, Ly-ce-mun and Glengarry were between Amoy and Turnabout during the evening and experienced

480

92

NE to NNE strong and whole gales, the record of the Choysang describing the squalls as of "hurricane force." The Glengarry left Foochow for Amoy at noon and during the evening had 90 tons of coal, which she was carrying on deck, washed overboard. She was hove to for one hour at 8 p. near Turnabout, but afterwards proceeded for Amoy, the weather getting worse all the time.

Vessels approaching the northern entrance to the Channel from the N and NE had the wind rapidly increasing and the barometer falling quickly. Among these were the Phra Nang, Nanchang, Kaifong, City of Peking, Fasana, Cyclops and Bokhara. The latter vessel was subsequently wrecked with great loss of life. She left Shanghai for Hongkong at noon on October 8th and experienced ordinary fresh NE monsoon until the afternoon of the 9th when the wind cominenced to increase in force and the barometer to fall. At 8 p. she was estimated to be 8 miles East of Tung latter being situated in 26° 23′, 120° 31'. The vessel's course was then altered to make Turnabout and at 10 p. (barometer 29.77 uncorrected) everything was secured and preparations made for heaving the ship to, her Commander and Officers suspecting a typhoon to the Southward. At this time there was a heavy sea and the vessel was taking heavy water on board.

Ying, the

The Austrian corvette Fasana bound for Hongkong had been passed by the Bokhara during the morning and the Cyclops was also not far behind. The former vessel reports having seen the land the whole time, while on board the Bokhara no land was seen. The Taisang was at noon about 20

miles north of the White Dogs proceeding northwards. Captain HOGG states that during the day time of the 9th he could see 30 to 40 miles and at night about 10 miles. It therefore appears probable that the Bokhara was to the Eastward of her supposed position at 8 p. the currents prevailing at such times being often exceptionally strong. The Taisang had the wind decreasing as she steamed north- wards, but there was a tremendous sea from SE with waves 400 feet long.

The following are some observations for noon on October 10th which are not included in the appended detailed observations :-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Kiukiang, Ichang,

29.71 + .10

W

1

0.

30.02 + .01 .00 .02

NE

5

N

1

848

b.

b.

VESSELS.

Sch. Santa Cruz,

(16°, 127°)?

q.

S.S. Cosmopolit,.

at Iloilo.

29.79

S

>>

Taksang,

.......13° 36' 120°

7'

.79

WNW

4

bq.

"

Catherine Apcar,

7 44

108 17

.88

NW

4

q.

increasing sea. swell.

" Bombay,

.17 47

113 29

.72

N

4

high sea.

Bantam,

.20 23

113 56

NNW

7

""

""

Zafiro,

.21 57

114 6

.68

NNW

5

b.

وو

Pekin,

.25 5

119 5

NE

high sea.

"Nurnberg,

.34

34

134 47 30.00

calm.

C.

On the morning of the 10th October the typhoon was advancing in a N by W direction and directly upon South Cape (Formosa). The barometer was falling at that station about 0.05 inch per hour on an average between 1 a. and 9 a. The wind had veered since the previous evening and was from NE force 8 until 5 a. when it commenced to veer steadily and to increase in force. The barometer fell very rapidly after 9 a.—over 0.1 inch per hour-and at 11 a. the wind had attained full typhoon force from E by N. The lowest reading of the barometer was made at 1 p. 28.28, this being about 1.6 inches below the normal. There was then typhoon force of wind from SE by E. After this hour the barometer rapidly rose and the wind continued to veer but force 12 continued until after 3 p. and then it quickly decreased. At 6 p. the force had dropped to 7 and it maintained that force from about SW during the remainder of the evening. The centre passed perhaps within 10 miles to the west of S Cape about 1 p. There was at that time no trace of any decrease of wind velocity as shown by the anemograph curve neither was there any partial clearing of the sky or diminution of rain which fell continuously the whole day. The steepest gradients near the centre corresponded to about 0.3 inch in 15 nautical miles. The weather prevailing at the other stations during the morning of October 10th may be briefly described as follows:-At Bolinao (NW Luzon) light to gentle W breezes, overcast sky and rising barometer, at Hoihow fresh W breezes, clear sky and steady barometer. At Hongkong the barometer was slightly falling and there was a gentle breeze from NNW to NW with partially clouded sky. In the neighbourhood of Swatow the barometer was falling and the wind a moderate to strong breeze from NNW to NW with detached clouds. At Anping and Takow a fresh increasing NE backing gale was blowing with light rain and rapidly falling barometer. At Fisher Island and Turnabout the barometer was falling but moderately fast and a storm was blowing from the NNE with occasional drizzling rain. At the former station at 1.37 a. on the 10th a bright red glare spread over the whole sky which was observed by the keeper in charge and the assistant on watch to have lasted five seconds and then to have vanished as suddenly as it appeared. At Tamsui the barometer was falling rather slowly with a whole gale from NNE with heavy rain squalls

i

93

481

decreasing to a strong breeze at noon. The observations are from the log of the Fokien at anchor in the port. NE fresh increasing breezes were felt at the east coast stations with the weather becoming wet and the barometer falling. Fine weather with almost steady barometer prevailed along the Yangtze.

The centre of the typhoon entered Formosa soon after passing to the west of S Cape and moved northward but it at once commenced filling up. An inspection of the detailed observations printed elsewhere shows that two maxima of wind force and two minima of the barometric readings were observed by some stations or vessels near the N entrance to the Channel, the first occurring before the centre entered the land, when the depression at the centre was excessive, and the second as it approached the station or vessel in its diminished intensity. Some stations do not exactly show the two minima of the barometric readings, but it is seen that the barometer remained steady or almost steady for some hours as the typhoon approached, showing clearly that it was filling up as it advanced towards them. With respect to the wind force this is perhaps not so distinctly seen except in the case of the observations recorded on board the Fokien lying at Tamsui, the gradients existing for N winds being excessively steep the whole time owing to the comparatively high pressure prevailing over the interior of China. In fact the chief characteristic of this typhoon in the latter part of its course was the effect produced by the combination of a strong monsoon and the winds due to the typhoon itself and a reference to the detailed observations shows that in the left hand semi-circle the wind in most cases backed but very slightly as the typhoon approached and passed northward. Its influence quickly disappeared and the prevailing N wind was soon again experienced. At Tamsui in the right hand semi-circle N winds were established a few hours after the centre passed the station.

During the afternoon and evening of the 10th October the centre was moving about N by W inland on the west side of Formosa. The lowest reading of the barometer was registered at both Takow and Anping at 6 p., the reading at the former station being 28.91 and at the latter 29.00. The centre was about 20 miles ESE of Takow at the time and it is evident from these observations that a great change had already taken place as regards the depth at the centre during its passage over the land. Whole gales were blowing at both stations from NNE at Anping and between NNE and N at Takow with overcast sky and gloomy appearance at both stations. At Fisher Island about 70 miles NW by N of Takow the lowest reading of the barometer was 29.06 at 4 p. and the wind was of typhoon force from the NNE.

During the six hours from 6 p. until midnight the typhoon moved very slowly, its rate of progress northwards being diminished by the friction caused by the hilly country to the East of Takow and Anping and also to the strength of the N winds blowing into it, being penned up so to speak by the high mountain chain to the eastward, and at this time the depression at the centre was again much reduced. At 9 p. it was about 20 miles to the East of Takow and at midnight about the same distance E by S of Anping. A strong N gale blew at Takow during the evening with rain and rising barometer. At Anping the wind veered to NE of force 10 at 9 p. continuing the same direction but moderating to force 8 at midnight. From 3 p. to 9 p. it blew with full typhoon force in the squalls. Rain set in at 11 p. Mr. STRANGMAN, the observer, adds: "Considerable damage has been done to the roofs of foreign houses, large quantities of tiles having been blown away. Many native houses are level with the ground. The shipping did not suffer, the water being low." At Fisher Island typhoon force continued until 8 p. from NNE after which hour it decreased to force 11 remaining thus until midnight. Drizzling rain commenced at 9 p. and rain at 10 p.

The weather during the afternoon and evening of the 10th October in other districts was as follows. At Hongkong light to moderate NNW breezes with rising barometer, and fine weather prevailed. Some c-str cloud was observed to come from the NNW. At Victoria Peak fresh to strong NNW breezes were blowing. In the neighbourhood of Swatow moderate to strong NW breezes were blowing with rising barometer and cloudy sky. At Chapel Island there was a strong N backing and decreasing gale with drizzling rain commencing at midnight. At Turnabout the wind increased in force during the afternoon and blew with typhoon force the whole evening from N and NNE, with occasional drizzling rain. The barometer showed a slight fall when the daily variation is allowed for between 3 p., and 10 p., but after the latter hour it fell rather faster again as the typhoon advanced northward. At Tamsui there was a fresh NNE breeze increasing towards midnight with heavy rain squalls at times and falling barometer. The barometer was falling slowly on the East Coast and the wind increasing in force from the NE and rain was falling in the southern part of the district. was a very slight decrease of pressure at the Yangtze stations where light to moderate NE breezes prevailed and very fine weather.

Some account of the experiences of vessels at sea on October 10th may now be given

There

The schooner Santa Cruz to the Eastward of Luzon in 16°, 127°, approximately, had S winds and squally weather. The Cosmopolit near Iloilo in the morning had strong S to SW breezes and wet squally weather with rising barometer. The Taksang off the SW coast of Luzon had W to WNW moderate breezes, squally weather and heavy N sea during the evening. Fresh NNW breezes and moderate gales were experienced during the morning by vessels approaching Hongkong from the

482

94

southward with rough sea and fine weather, and fresh NE monsoon weather prevailed in the China Sea with high sea and N swell. Vessels approaching Hongkong from the Eastward had fresh NNW

to NW breezes and fine weather.

The Choysang was a little South of Chapel Island at 2 a. and had then a strong NNE gale backing and moderating (NW 6 at 8 a.) as she steamed SW and became farther to the West of the centre. The sky also cleared to some extent. The barometer was falling but slightly.

At

She

The Protos which entered the Channel from the N early in the evening on the 9th bound for Hongkong was about 70 miles ahead of the Bokhara and had then a NE by N whole gale and falling barometer. She however went ahead on the starboard tack, wind and sea increasing all the time. 8 a. on the 10th she experienced full typhoon force from the NNE which continued until noon. was at the latter hour 150 miles NW by N of the centre. She sustained some damage losing one boat, two others being stove in, the two companion ladders were carried away and the engine room skylights smashed in. After noon the wind decreased in violence and towards evening it backed (at midnight N 6).

The Austrian corvette Fasana was also bound for Hongkong from the northward. She was at 8 p. on the 9th about 35 miles NNE of the Bokhara's estimated position at that time. The Fasana was then under sail, but as the wind and sea were increasing they kept their course but got up steam so that they might get along faster. At 8 a. on the 10th October the vessel was a little to the SE of Ockseu and had a N by E storm with rain and the wind direction backing a little. At 9 a. the clouds were flying very low near sea surface and this in conjunction with sea spray made it impossible to see more than a ship's length ahead. At noon flying spray like heavy rain prevented the lookout from being of any use at all. At 1 p. she was about 35 miles E of Chapel Island and 170 miles NWIN of the centre and had typhoon force from the N with high confused sea. The lowest barometer reading was made at 2 p. (29.36), and at 2.30 the rise of the mercury commenced with wind N by W force 11 decreasing, and appearance of improving weather. During the evening the wind backed to WNW force 7 with overcast weather and occasional rain.

The Nanchang was another vessel bound for Hongkong and about 30 miles in advance of the Bokhara. She experienced a whole NNE gale, but sustained little damage.

The Kaifong, which was about four hours behind the Nanchang at Turnabout, sustained a great deal of damage. Her log book was lost from the wheelhouse which was stove in and no meteorological data observed on board this ship are therefore available. She lost one boat, the engine room skylights were carried away and much water got into the stoke hole rendering it difficult to keep up steam.

The Formosa and Ly-ee-mun were between Dodd Island and Turnabout working their way up the coast under the land. They both went into shelter as soon as opportunity offered, the former in Pinghai Bay and the latter in Hungwha Sound. They experienced NE to NNE whole gale during the day with very heavy squalls of typhoon force and there was a very heavy sea. The experience

of these two coasting vessels shows that by keeping under the land they gained some advantage. They had the wind somewhat less fierce and, perhaps, not so bad a sea as encountered by those vessels farther out and more in midchannel. The dangerous sea already prevailing at the north and narrow part of the Channel when a typhoon is even yet at some distance to the southward should be taken note of and steps taken early by shipmasters to avoid it.

sea.

The Phra Nang entered the Channel bound for Hongkong during the morning. At noon she was about 10 miles SSE of Turnabout and 220 miles N by W of the centre and had the barometer falling rapidly with a strong NNE gale. At 4 p. there was a NNE storm blowing and a mountainous She had then a lifeboat smashed and others damaged. At 5 p. she was hove to on the port tack, the barometer reading 29.20 (lowest). The barometer then commenced rising slowly, but at 8 p. they had typhoon force from N with a terrible sea and such as her Commander had never experienced during nine years on the China Coast. Towards midnight the wind commenced backing and decreasing slowly in force.

The Empress of Japan was about 20 miles NE of Turnabout at noon on the 10th and 240 miles N by W of the centre. They had a whole N gale veering to NE at midnight with a very high sea and falling barometer. This vessel was steering northwards and went full speed using Sir W. THOMSON'S sounding machine the whole time, but only made about 40 miles during the 24 hours between noon of the 10th and 11th.

The Cyclops was another vessel coming down from the north a few hours behind the Bokhara. At 1.30 a. on the 10th the vessel was anchored under Tungsha (White Dogs) for shelter and remained there until the morning of the 11th. On the 10th she experienced in the morning a strong NNE gale which increased to between a whole gale and storm from the same direction during the evening. Continuous heavy rain fell with heavy squalls during the afternoon and evening.

The City of Peking approaching the northern entrance to the Channel was hove to on the port tack before 4 a. on the 10th. The barometer was falling quickly at the time and there was a strong

A

95

483,

NE gale blowing. At noon she was about 40 miles ENE of Turnabout and 230 miles N of the centre. During the latter part of the day she experienced a whole gale from NE by N with rain and hard squalls and a very heavy sea.

The Taisang off the East Coast steaming northwards had the wind again increasing and the baro- meter falling on the morning of the 10th, so at 11.30 a. the vessel was taken into shelter under Taichow (28° 28′, 121° 50′). They paid out 100 fathoms of chain with the port anchor, and 70 fathoms with the starboard anchor and had a third anchor ready astern in case it was wanted. They had a fresh to strong NNE gale during the evening.

The Fu Ping off the East Coast in 28° 36′, 121° 52′ at noon on the 10th had a strong N gale increasing as she steamed southward and at 6 p. was anchored under Taluk Island (28° 4′, 121° 31′) for shelter. During the evening a whole gale from NNE with rain squalls was experienced.

The Wo Sang which left the Yangtze river in the morning on the 10th had the barometer falling and the wind increasing to a fresh NE gale at midnight with high sea and falling barometer as she steamed southward.

The Benlarig and Deuteros were at noon on the 10th in about 32°, 12610 steering SW. They experienced NE fresh increasing breezes with high sea and rainy weather and barometer beginning to fall.

At

The Bokhara as already stated was at 8 p. on the 9th October put on a course to make Turnabout. This lighthouse, however, was not sighted. At 1.45 a. on the 10th October, the vessel was hove to on the port tack heading between N 50° E and N 80° E, her position then being-as determined by the Court of Enquiry which subsequently sat to determine the cause of the loss of the vessel-about 21 miles SSW of Turnabout, but perhaps she may have been a little to the eastward of this. this time the wind was gradually increasing in force from the NNE with furious squalls and a mountainous sea and the barometer falling. The weather was so thick that they could only see half a mile. At 4 a. the barometer read 29.60, at 6 a. 29.55, at 8 a. 29.50. At the latter hour, the wind and sea being terrific from the NNE, efforts were made to put the vessel on the other (starboard) tack, but she would not come up even with the aid of tarpaulins in the rigging. The sails on being loosed were blown to pieces. Attempts were then made to wear, but this was found to be impossible also. Unfortunately no storm canvas was ready. At 10 a. the wind reached full typhoon force. The vessel rolled fearfully and much damage was done at this time. Between 10 a. and noon (barometer 29.27) the engines had been stopped to prevent the vessel forging ahead, and the vessel fell off into the trough of the sea and between 10 a. and 2 p. further damage was done: boats, gangways, bulwarks, etc. being swept away, and at 2 p. she had only one boat left. Oil was put into the weather latrines aft and forward and considerable relief was obtained, the heavy seas being prevented from breaking on board to some extent. At 4 p. (barometer 29.15) the wind still continued to blow with terrific force from NNE and after that hour the barometer remained practically steady (at 8 p. 29.15) with much the same wind and weather. For some reason the supply of oil does not appear to have been constantly kept going, and at 10 p. the vessel took some heavy seas which did further damage, breaking in after skylights, commander's cabin, wheelhouse, engine room skylight and stokehold doors, thus putting out the fires below and causing the vessel to become quite unmanageable. At 11.35 p. land was seen on the lee beam and a few minutes afterwards the vessel struck on what afterwards turned out to be Sand Island, a northern island of the Pescadores group, and immediately broke up, the greater part of the ship's company being lost.

At the time the vessel was hove to (1.45 a. on the 10th) she was about 300 miles NNW of the centre of the typhoon which continued to advance towards her position the whole day. At noon she was about 170 miles NNW of the centre. At 6 p. 100 miles NW by N N and when she struck 70 miles NW. The readings of the barometer taken on board which are uncorrected show no change after 4 p. This indicates a slight fall, however, when daily variation is allowed for, but as the typhoon centre was now on the land and rapidly filling up the readings remaining almost steady is accounted for although the centre was gradually approaching. The wind was from NNE the whole time and blowing with typhoon force from perhaps 10 a. until the time the vessel struck.

There is no doubt that had this vessel run on the starboard tack she would have come through safely. She would not have had typhoon force at all and the weather would have quickly moderated. Those vessels who adopted this course did not all escape without damage, but they quickly ran out of the worst part of the storm and brought themselves to the W and SW of the centre. Vessels in the northern part of the Formosa Channel where such a dangerous sea prevails and where, with a typhoon to the southward, the wind is relatively much stronger owing to its being confined, should on the weather becoming bad. seek shelter early. The Bokhara was helplessly drifting for some hours, her officers thinking that she was being set to the SW on a safe course, whereas it appears that she was set S by W at the rate of about 4 knots per hour and in a direction almost opposite to that of the wind. The fact that she was allowed to fall off and lie beam on to wind and sea doubtless accelerated the speed with which she drifted.

484

96

The current running down the China Coasts from the Yellow Sea at this time of year was certainly much increased by the strong NNE winds prevailing along the East Coast.

The following are some observations for October 11th not included in the detailed observations:-

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Kiukiang, Ichang,

J

.29.81 + .10

var.

.30.05 + .03 .01 + .01

NE

var.

225

1

ففن

C.

b.

b.

VESSELS.

Sch. Santa Cruz,

S.S. Taksang,

16° ...16° 36′

127°

118° 12'

""

Catherine Apcar,

.10 55

""

Bombay,

.21 3

""

Activ,

21 39

110 21 113 52 112 58

29.92

WNW NNE

.82

.88

N by W NNW

30 10 10 4

sea smooth.

b.

high sea. moderate sea.

b.

7

9 a.

swell.

During the early morning of the 11th October the centre continued advancing northward, its rate of motion being accelerated at this time. The wind at Fisher Island and Anping was decreasing in force and backing, but at the former station it continued to blow a whole gale from the NW until 5 a. with rain, the centre being at 5 a. 90 miles to the NE of the station. At noon there was a moderate WNW gale with light rain and barometer rising rapidly. At Anping the wind force decreased. after midnight of the 9th and blew only a moderate to strong breeze from N for 3 hours. At 4 a. 10th it freshened again from NW and blew a strong gale decreasing and backing to WNW force 7 at The weather was wet and the barometer rising. At Turnabout the barometer was almost steady during the early morning of the 10th, but there it was blowing with typhoon force from N until 3 a. (centre 90 miles SSE) when it decreased a little. Between 6 a. and noon the barometer was rising and the wind was between N and NNW the force having decreased to 10 at the latter hour. Drizzling rain fell occasionally. From the observations made on board the Fokien at anchor at Tamsui it is seen that the barometer fell sharply until 5 a. 10th with wind increasing and veering after midnight of the 9th. It blew a whole gale from E at 4 a. and from ESE at 5 a. (barometer 29.37 lowest) with squalls of typhoon force. The barometer rose quickly between 5 a. and 8 a. and the wind continued veering and moderating. At noon it was from W force 5. Heavy rain was falling The typhoon had now commenced to move towards the NE. After noon the barometer rose very rapidly and the wind became NW and N a moderate breeze with less rain. The centre was 35 miles SWW of Tamsui at 6 a. and 40 miles to the north of the station at noon.

The weather experienced in other districts on the 11th October was as follows:-At South Cape a fresh gale from WSW with rain during the early morning and rising barometer. During the remainder of the day a moderate to fresh gale chiefly from WNW prevailed at this station with clouded sky, but the barometer did not rise so quickly as at the other stations in the vicinity. In fact the readings were between one and two tenths lower during the evening than those of Anping and Fisher Island, the cause of which may be ascribed to first the usual gradient prevailing at this season of the year (to which the prevalence and force of the N wind was due) and secondly to the fact that owing to the mountain chain running N and S through Formosa, the air is penned in at those places which have the mountains to the E of them and this caused the air pressure to be higher than at freely exposed stations. For a similar reason the air-pressure on the East Coast of Formosa where there are no stations must have been deficient while at S Cape the air is free to escape and for this reason also the wind is deflected towards the W at the latter station.

On the SE coast to the S of Amoy gentle to fresh N and NW breezes blew with rapidly rising barometer and cloudy sky. At Chapel Island the wind backed through W to SW a fresh to moderate breeze with occasional drizzling rain and rising barometer during the morning. A N backing and decreasing gale was felt at Middle Dog. On the East Coast the barometer was falling, but not quickly, the weather was wet and strong breezes to fresh gales were blowing chiefly from NE. Along the Yangtze light to moderate NE breezes prevailed with very fine weather and barometer almost steady.

Vessels at sea on October 11th experienced the following weather :-

In the China Sea ordinary fresh NE monsoon weather prevailed with N swell. Those vessels (Protos, Fasana, Nanchang) off the coast between Hongkong and Lamocks had moderate to strong N and NW breezes and cloudy weather.

The Phra Nang still hove to had during the early morning the wind from NW force 11 decreasing with rising barometer. At 10 a. she proceeded the wind gradually decreasing in force. Towards evening she had moderate breezes from NW.

The Ly-ee-mun and Formosa, at shelter in the neighbourhood of Haitan Straits, had N gales backing and decreasing after noon with wet weather and rising barometer. The vessels were about 100 miles West of the centre at noon.

The Cyclops, at shelter under the White Dogs, had a whole N gale decreasing during the early morning and at 8 a. she proceeded for Foochow.

She had then a strong NNE gale with rising barometer and very high sea. She was steering northwards and at midnight had a strong NNW gale.

The Empress of Japan was about 40 miles WNW of the centre at noon.

97

485

The City of Peking hove to on the previous day went ahead again at 6 a. the wind having decreased to a moderate NNE gale at that time. At noon she was hove to again on the port tack the wind having increased to a whole NNE gale increasing with rain and barometer falling again. She was then about 20 miles WNW of the centre. At 2.30 p. the lowest reading of the barometer was made (29.35), and at 4 p. she had a NNE storm, After this hour the wind decreased in force, but did not back till late at night.

The Fu Ping was still in shelter under Taluk Island and during the early morning had a whole gale from the NNE with rain squalls. At noon the wind had decreased to a fresh NNE gale and during the afternoon the vessel proceeded southward having during the evening a strong NNE breeze, showery weather and a rough E sea.

The Taisang and Wosang were not very far asunder and near the position 284, 122°. The former was in shelter and had a strong NNE gale at noon with rain and slightly falling barometer. At midnight she had a moderate N gale. The Wosang was hove to on the port tack at 7.25 a. and had at the time a strong NE by N gale with very high sea which did some damage to deck fittings and later on stove in the saloon doors. The barometer fell but slightly, but towards evening the wind increased to a whole gale from NE by N with heavy rain squalls. These vessels were at noon about 200 miles N by E of the centre which was then commencing to move NEward.

The Soochow was about 40 miles NE by N of the Wosang at noon steaming southward. She had then a moderate NE increasing gale with falling barometer. During the afternoon she sustained some damage on deck and at 4 p. was hove to. During the evening the wind increased to a whole gale from N with violent squalls and rain.

The Benlarig at noon in 29° 26′, 123° 36′ and about 250 miles NNE of the centre had a NE by E fresh gale during the early morning with falling barometer. At 11 a. she was hove to and oil was made use of as there was a very high sea running. During the evening the wind increased in force and at 8 p. there was a whole gale with rain from the NNE. About this time the heavy sea started the breakwater on forecastle head breaking three deck planks. At midnight the wind had backed to N, but was still a whole gale with barometer continuing to fall. More oil was used at this time. centre was about 90 miles to the SSE of this vessel at midnight.

The Deuteros was about 40 miles to the N of the Benlarig at noon and during the evening experienced a whole gale from NE by N backing and decreasing after midnight. Rain fell continuously after noon.

The following observations are for noon of the 12th October :-

The

COAST STATIONS.

Bolinao, Hoihow,

..29.86 + .05

var.

C.

..30.02 + .11

Hongkong,

.29.96 + .14

Breaker Point,

.95 + .16

Lamocks,.....

.95+.18

NE W by S NNW N

4

b.

3 C.

1

C.

S. Cape,

.88 + .22

var.

2 C.

Anping,

.90 + .15

N

5

C.

Fisher Island,

.91 + .22

N

4

Chapel Island,

.92 + .18

WNW

1

Turnabout,

.96 + .32

Keelung,..

.95 + .43

NW NW

C.

Steep Island,

.86 .14

NW by N

3 Å Å 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 ¿ ¿

b.

CV.

North Saddle,....

.87 .11

Chinkiang,

.86 .11

N NNW

8

3 b.

Kiukiang,

.99

.06

W

1

b.

Ichang,

..30.00

.01

var.

1 b.

فضفة

om.

VESSELS.

Sch. Santa Cruz, ...

.15° 53'

127° 45'

S.S. Catherine Apcar, ......14 24

112 29

29.97

SE N.

دو

Kutsang,..

..19 12

111 55

.97

NE by N

">

Taksang,..

.19 42

116 12

.94

NNW

Bq. Altair,

.22 0

119 33

NW

S.S. Phra Nang,

.22 55

116 44

.89

NW

">

Kwanglee,

.23 0

116 40

.88

N

Kriemhild,

.23 2 117 8

.96

NE

>>

"

City of Peking,

.24 33

119 10

.93

NW

""

Fu Ping,

>"

Wosang,

29

Deuteros,

.24 58 . 119 32 .25 58 120 55 .27 · 12

121 3

NW

.92

.88

NW by N NW

444

34247

fine.

b.

b.

86

b.

high cross sea.

C.

>>

Soochow,........

...28

4

121 5

N by W

fine.

"

Empress of Japan, ....28

12

121 54

.89

NNW

6

99

""

Woosung,

.28 16

121 46

.96

NW

5

"

Benlarig,

..28 46

122 51

.77

NW

7

sea decreasing.

وو

Taisang,.

...29 21 122 7

.83

N by W

6

Chi Yuen,

.33 47. 126 37

.79

NNE

6

od,

heavy sea.

Asagao,

.32 45

129 51

SE

6

orq.

486

98

On October 12th moderate NE monsoon prevailed on the West Coast of China and in the China Sea with fine weather. Weather was also fine at the stations surrounding the Formosa Channel where light to moderate N to NW winds prevailed with a great rise in the barometer since the previous day. On the East Coast in the neighbourhood of Shanghai a considerable reduction of pressure had taken place and in North China, Korea and W. Japan the fall amounted to between two and three tenths in the 24 hours. At the East Coast stations near the mouth of the Yangtze there blew a moderate to fresh gale from NNE with rain during the early morning. In the afternoon the weather cleared up, the wind backing to NNW and NW and decreasing in force. Fine weather prevailed along the Yangtze with light NE to NW breezes. In Korea NE breezes prevailed, fresh to strong breezes in the South with rain. In W. Japan light to moderate E breezes veering and increasing during the day with wet weather prevailed.

The Benlarig at noon on the 12th was about 240 miles WSW of the centre and she had then a moderate NW gale with sea going down. Earlier in the morning at 4 a. she had a strong N gale (barometer 29.60 lowest).

The Taisang left her anchorage (28° 28', 121° 50′) for the North at 4 a. the wind having decreased and backed with rising barometer. At 5 a. she had a fresh WNW gale decreasing.

The Wosang also proceeded on her course Southward at 4 a. the barometer rising and the wind moderating from a strong NNW gale at 4 a. to a strong NW by N breeze at 8 a.

The Soochow had a strong N gale at 4 a., but later it moderated and backed a little. At noon she was in 28° 4′, 121o 5'.

The Empress of Japan was at noon in 28° 12', 121° 54′ steaming northwards. The barometer was rising and she had fine weather with a strong NNW breeze decreasing and backing to W at midnight.

The Meefoo was hove to near Barren Island (30° 43', 123° 7′) during the morning of the 12th and experienced a fresh N backing gale with a very heavy sea from NNE to ESE. The barometer was rising after 6 a. and towards noon the weather was improving.

The Chi Yuen in 33° 47', 126° 37' at noon had a strong NNE breeze with falling barometer and wind backing and decreasing in the evening. The weather was squally and showery.

The Nurnberg which left Nagasaki for Hongkong on the evening of the 12th met a moderate S gale with rain squalls soon after leaving port and barometer at 8 p. 29.54. On the 12th at noon the centre was in 30° 40', 126° 40′. It continued to move in about a NE by N direction with increasing speed and in the evening the centre was near the coast of NW Kiusiu (Japan). It had become now an ordinary depression. From the Japanese weather maps it is seen that the depression on the 13th after passing along the northern shores of the Inland Sea quickly traversed central and northern Japan and disappeared towards the NE.

The following gives the position of the centre from October 7th noon to October 13th 2 p:-

Date and Hour.

Latitude. North.

Longitude. East.

Date and Hour.

Latitude. North.

Longitude. East.

October 7, Noon

10,

7890

1510

130°

October 11,

3a.

24° 10'

120° 36'

8,

16°

127°

6a.

24 50

120

55

15

9,

19°

12330

9a.

25 18

120 56

""

6a.

20° 50'

121° 0'

Noon

25 50

121 25

9a.

Noon

21

3p.

6p.

9p. Midt.

222222

21 20

120 50

6p.

26 40

122 30

47

120 45

Midt.

27 45

124 0

13

120 35

12, 6a.

29 0

125 15

1895

30

120 33

Noon

30 40

126 40

40

120 36

10p.

33 40

129

40

57

120 30

13, 6a.

34 45

134

0

2p.

4310

141°

The average angle between the radius and the direction of the wind within a distance of 250 miles of the centre from October 10th 9a. to October 11th noon inclusive, was as follows:-

NNE of the centre,......

SSE

SSW

"

WSW

39.

WNW

""

NNW

370

61

103

79

55

43

Mean,

63

1.

99

487.

This shows a great difference between the angle to the N and to the S of the centre. To the north the angle is small and to the south large. This is accounted for by strong N monsoon prevailing at the time. The winds at a distance towards the N of the centre blew very nearly straight towards it, and to the south of the centre the winds were deflected towards the north and it is seen that the wind circulation there was, for a very short time only, under the direct influence of the storm area, the N monsoon quickly making itself felt again. The progressive motion of the typhoon towards the N and NE against a strong monsoon must have been caused by the air motion prevailing at some height, the NE monsoon frequently being of no great depth. Owing to the temperature being lower over Asia than over the Pacific, gradients at a moderate height above sea level were inverted with lower pressure over Asia than over the Pacific and the centre would move so as to keep that high pressure area on its right hand.

On October 10th on an average the wind blew with force 10 within a distance of 100 miles of the centre, between 100 and 150 miles with force 9, and between 150 and 250 miles with force 7. The winds were stronger to the north than to the South of the centre and during midday on the 10th typhoon force was felt in some places at a distance of 150 miles to the NNW of the centre i. e. in the northern part of the Formosa Channel. On the 11th October the typhoon having filled to a great extent the force decreased somewhat. On that day the average force was 9 within a 100 miles of the centre, between 100 and 150 miles it was force 7 and between 150 and 250 miles force 6. Between October 10th at 9 a. and October 11th at noon the wind forces between the centre and a distance of 250 miles were as follows: on an average NNE of the centre force 8, SSE force 7, SSW force 6, WSW force 7, WNW force 7, NNW force 10.

It was densely overcast within 400 miles to the north, within 170 miles to the northwest, within 150 miles to the west, and within 170 miles to the south of the centre.

Heavy rain fell within 250 miles to the north, within 70 miles to the northwest and west, and within 100 miles to the south of the centre. Drizzling rain and light showers prevailed 50 miles beyond these distances respectively.

A heavy sea prevailed within a distance of 300 miles to the north of the centre and nearer to the centre e. g. in the Formosa Channel it was of an exceptionally severe character.

A gradient of 0.03 inch in 15 miles corresponded to force 6, 0.04 inch to force 7, 0.06 inch to force 9, 0.15 inch to force 11, 0.20 inch to force 12. The steepest gradient found was 0.33 inch in 15 miles.

HOIHOW.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

DATE.

Hour.

Bar.

Oct. 10 3 a.

♡ 6 9

:

Noon

3 p.

6

9

Midt.

29.90 77

.80

.87

11

6

3 a.

.96 75

Noon

3 p.

.87

78

6

.97

73

2:22: : : 3; 8: 3:⠀

N

80

W

79

W

Temp.

N

NW

NE

Midt.

mi ai¦ ¦ ai ai ai i

: ܗ:

SWATOW.

Oct. 10

3 a. 29.60 75

N

6

9

Noon

3 p.

.65

78 NNW

.58 88

.64 77 NW

Midt.

11

3 a.

.67

6

9

.81

Noon

3 p.

.79

.92

Midt.

12:28 E 12 12 12 12 :

72

73

NNW

75 WNW

78

NNW

Weather.

og

2:0:0:0:0:8080:

4

og

6

i ai mi mi ai ai ai ai a

Rain.

Bar.

Temp.

HONGKONG.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

Weather.

BREAKER POINT.

WIND.

Rain. Bar.

Dir. Force.

Weather.

Rain.

29.74

.72

42

74 NNW

2

73

0.00 .77 77 NW/W

0.00

.71 84 NW

3

29.65

.60 74 .60 80 .51 85

74

NNW

NW

.64 84

.49 87

.69 80

.51

82

.76

79 NNW

.65

78

0.00

.77 75 N/W .76 74 NNW .78 73 W/N .84 77

.67

75

.70

78

.72 73

N

0.00

.78

74 NNW

.82 82

NNW

.79 79

.80 83

.80 78

.86

79

N/E

.84 76

N

.95

75

N

.93

72

.96 71 N/E

.93

70

4 5O CO IN THE CYD CYS ON CYD OD OI OI OD OD

cm

0.00

om

0.00

omg

LAMOCKS.

CHAPEL ISLAND.

29.61

0.00

75 NE

101010

.58 75

.60 75

NNW

.53 78 NW

.50 80

.55 80

1334 ww

C

29.57 72 .52 72 0.00 .55 72

.45

N

c

cm

NNE

0.00

74

.60

78

.63 76

.65 74

.39 76 .47 75 .52 74 .53 73

: 2

N

10

NNW

C

NW

omd

.55 72

W

O

.67 72

0.00

67421

.78 73 WNW .77

0.00

.60 67 WSW .70 70 SW .74 68

omd

c

0.00

WNW

.80 77 NW

.83 74

.93

.93

.75

75

.81

71 .$6 70 .90 70

INNE

NNE

WNW

488

ΑΜΟΥ.

100

OOKSEU.

DATE.

WIND.

Hour.

Bar.

Oct. 10,..........

3 a.

29.65

6

.61

9

.62

Noon

.57

p.

.50

6

.53

.60

Midt.

.61

11,.....

3 a.

.60

.66

9

.74

Noon

.76

3 p.

.78

.84

9

.92

Midt.

.93

SZJAZZZIIJJP-II Temp.

Dir.

Force.

Weather.

WIND.

Rain.

Bar.

76

NE

C

29.59

76

.55

77

NNE

0.00

.55

N

.49

81

.35

78

NNW

.37

79

.39

77

72

68

70

74

75

75

72

72

2222: 2:

.41

3

.42

3

I'

.47

3

0.62

.59

1

.65

NNW

.71

...

Calm

NNW

Hwi

.81

.88

.91

*******882828288 Temp.

Dir. Force

Weather.

Rain.

NNE

8

om

:

68

67

9

omd

0.00

68

9

om

67

9

68

10

67

68

68

67

67

65

N

NNW

66

66

* 3 a ∞ CO THM ON N

omd

om

omd

0.00

2

om

C

***

**

TAKOW.

MIDDLE DOG.

:

29.78

.74

10

0.50

.74

...

.67

10

10

.62

.63

.61

66

.57

.54

68

.56

67

r

6.30

.61

67

.63

66

*

.67

.74

65

.83

65

.83

GAGABRRORBAAAA33

69

NNE

67

66

65

65

65

67

2:

NNW

65

NW

67

Oct. 10,.

3 a,

:

6

9

Noon

3 p.

28.97

29.21

74

77

N

..

NNE

6

.91

9

.99

Midt.

11,

3 3.

6

9

29.72

Noon

p.

.74

6

9

.82

Midt.

⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ 12 12 18:

73

:: 2:

70

NW

76

g

68

NNW

10

:

งง

omp

7

0.33

omqp

9

9

7778 — ∞ — — 00 1 10 10 10

omr

omd

C

0.37

DATE.

FOOCHOW.

WIND.

Hour.

Bar.

Oct. 10 3 a.

29.80

.79

3 p.

.69

9

.68

11

3 a.

.66

.73

3 p.

.78

.91

RAZNARI Temp.

Dir. Force.)

Weather,

Rain. Bar.

Temp.

TAMSUI.

WIND.

Dir. Force,

Weather.

Rain. Bar.

73

NE

64

c

or

0.00 29.67

66

.58

73

.62

72

68 NNW

0.17

.55

66

WNW

.60

65

.78 67

932: 283:

73

NE

5

r

10.80] 29.66

76

74

ENE

.53 82 .53

SE

3.32

.51 81

75

S

.54

NW

.71

***: *** [Temp.

KEELUNG,

WIND.

Dir. Force.

Weather.

Rain.

79

NE

80

od

80

76

:22:8881

or

7.55

op

...

2.87

or

DATE.

Oct. 10,.........

11..........

STEEP ISLAND.

WIND.

Hour.

Bar.

on as an aɔ on an on an

3 a,

30.06

9

.08

3

p.

.04

9

.04

3 a.

ன்

29.96

30.03

p.

29.97

.97

**22****

Temp.

Dir.

Force.

Weather.

NORTH SADDLE.

WIND.

Rain. Bar.

Temp.

Dir.

Force.

Weather.

Rain.

68

NE

5

cq

30.06

65

NE

6

cm

68

.06

68

0.00

...

***

66

omd

.02

69

ENE

7

OV

65

.01

62

9

gcmq

64

29.94

65

NE

10

omq

64

.99

65

ENE

0.00

64

.97

61

omr

**

63

1.30

.94

65

NE

8

ogr

489

HOUR.

Bar. Temp.

Dir.

Vel. Force.

101

OBSERVATIONS MADE AT SOUTH CAPE, FORMOSA.

OCTOBER 9.

WIND.

Weather.

Rainfall.

October 9th 1a. to 11th midnight.

Bar. Temp.

OCTOBER 10.

WIND.

Dir. Vel. Force.

Weather.

Rainfall.

ins.

la...

2

3

29.66

4

5

6

.60

7

8

9

.59

10

11

Noon,

1p.,

...

...

.50

2

3

...

.40 78

.39

.38

.37

7

.35

8

.34

.33

10

.28

11

.26

Midt.

2:: 21: &⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ 2: : : : 3:30

m les. 0-12

NNE

32

6

35

6

ins. ins.

29.14 .07

O

miles. 0-12

79

NEN 39

7

cmq.

39

:

NNE 30

28.99

4444

79

42

.96 76

.04 78 .04

NNE 47

NE 42

NE/E 47 NE 47

...

48

ENE 52

8 logmrq 7

ins.

...

:

.57

74

33 NE/N 37

.94

NE/E 54

.88

ENE 61

10

80

N/E

31

0.001

.82 76

56

9

:.

6.30

.64

NNE

45

.73

75

11

42

.60

E/N

82

12

78

43

.38 76

E

90

12

.66

N

37

.28

SE/E 88

12

33

.40

SE/S 96

12

36

6 ogmdq

.59 75

SSE 90

12

.64

33

.83

S/E 76 11

:

33

6

.99

S/W 60

39

7

Jogmrq

29.10

76

SSW

39

.68

N/E

4+

8

.20

42

7

N

43

7

.29

71

46

.34 75

Sw/s 43 SW 43

38

7

45

N/E

42

SW/W 40

.21 75 NNE 11

8

:

.44 74

:

44

7787∞

.70

.70

• 22 : 12 ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀ ⠀⠀8

w/s 53

OCTOBER 11.

WIND.

Bar. Temp.

Dir.

Vel. Force.

Weather.

Rainfall.

miles. 0-12

:

29.51

74

WSW 50

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

8

49 8 ogmrq

ins.

47

51

46

48

W/N

43

75

45

cgmq

4.70

25

40

75

WNW 42 W/N 41 WNW 42

са

...

73

42

40

...

72

42

ogmq

45

49

71

50

cmq

NW/W 54

70

WNW 43 43

OBSERVATIONS MADE AT ANPING (FORMOSA).

October 9th to October 11th.

OCTOBER 9.

HOUR.

Bar. Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

Weather

OCTOBER 10.

WIND.

OCTOBER 11.

Rain, Bar. Temp.

Dir. Force.

Weather.!

WIND.

Rain.

Bar. Temp.

Dir.

Force.

Weather.

Rain.

ins.

о

1 a.,

0-12

ins. ins.

Q

0-12

ins.

29.32

.29

N

NNE

7

o d

***

7

ins. 29.30 .34

0-12

ins.

NNE

7

N

r q T

...

29.66 74 NE

0

.28 75

NE

od q

.38 74

6

...

Org

...

.26

.43

NW

...

...

***

.24

.47

N

.22

.54

...

.22

orq

.58

**

.23

...

...

.70 75 NNE

0.00

.25

75

N/E

10

11

Noon,

.22

o d q

૦૬

.61

0.14

.69

71 WNW

.72

.17

NNE

og q

.74

NW/W

..18

NE/N

10

.75

NW

1 p.,

2

.52 77

N

.49

.48

.47

.47

73

10

11

.38

Midt.,

.35

.11

NNE 10

.75

NW/N

.05

10

.75

.03 77

10

.75 70

NNW

.02

10

.77

aaaa~~~

o q d orqf

od f

2.67

.02

10

∞∞ ∞ aai

.00

10

.01

10

.05

10

8

.10 74

NE

10

.82 68

N

8

.18

10

.24

9

.27

8

...

...

490

102

OBSERVATIONS MADE AT FISHER ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE.

October 9th to October 11th.

HOUR.

Bar.

Temp.

ins.

OCTOBER 9.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

0-12

Weather

Rain. Bar.

ins.

ins.

1 a.,

29.40

.36

29.67 75

:

.64 74 NNW

.65 75 NNE

10

11

Noon,

I p.,

2

3

.61

75

N

:

.51 74 NNE 10

.53 74

8

.54 73

10

.52

11

.50

Midt.,

.45

73

1888: : 8: 8:⠀⠀ wii oli oi

om q

.33 73

.29

.28

.26 72

.24

.26

9

cm q 0.03 .26

.24

.22

9

.20

.17

.11

.10

.06

.07

10

om q

.11

....

.14

.15

10

omqd

.22

10

.20

10

.23

11

.29 71

2: : 2: : 2:: 2 : 2¦ ¦ 2¦ ¦ NI: 2:

Temp.

OCTOBER 10.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

0-12

OCTOBER 11,

Weather.

Rain. Bar.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

Weather

Rain.

ins. ins.

NNE 11

omqd

11

29.30 .33

11

.36

...

NNE

ZZZ:

N

o m q omqd

.43

.47

N

om q

.51 69

11

omqd

11

o m q

.58 .60

73

11

omqd

0.00

.65 68

NNW

11

om q

NNE

11

omqd

73

11

om q

.69

11

11

73

11

.71

12

12

72

12

11

12

71

11

omqd

11

omqr

:.

11

• ⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀8 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦8 : : : : : : : :

0-12

ins.

N

10 omqr

NNW 11

70

10

NW

10

10

WNW

W

9776

om d

0.49

...

68 WNW

om p

68

8

omqr

...

...

11

.77

67 NW

7

om q

.86

66 NNW

7

omp

.87

68

N

...

HOUR.

Bar.

Temp.

OBSERVATIONS MADE AT TURNABOUT LIGHTHOUSE.

October 9th to October 11th.

OCTOBER 9.

WIND.

Dir.

Force.

0-12

Weather.

Rain. Bar.

ins.

ins.

o Temp.

OCTOBER 10.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

OCTOBER 11.

Weather.

Rain,

Bar.

Temp.

WIND.

Dir. Force.

Weather.

Rain.

0-12

ins.

ins.

Q

0-12

ins.

29.50

N

12

NNE

8

9

10

10

10

⠀⠀⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀ ⠀2 : 12 ¦ ¦A ⠀ ⠀2

10

o m

29.72

70 NNE

10

omp

.49 .48

:

.47

.50

.70 69

10

gmd

.52

.54

.57

...

10

c m

0.00

.69 68

.64

67

N

g m

gmp 0.22 .59 66

.60

.61

.64

.57 66

11

d

.67 65

.55

11

.54

12

.55

66

NNE

12 g m

.78

.55

N

12

.54

12

gmd

o m

.5+ 66

NNE

12

.88

.54

12

...

.50

.51

68

2:

N

12

o m

11

...

.90 67 NNW

::S:S: 19:18:16: 16:18:5

om

11

om d

67

12

11

o m

11

om d

67

11

g mp

NNW 11

om d

N

11

g m d

10

0.21

NNW

11

N

10

65 NNW 10

o m om d

9

NW

aii wi¦ a

7 g m

1 8

2

ins.

O

29.90 72

10

:

11

Noon,

.88 71

1 p.,

:

2.

3

.83 71

4

:

5

.82

7

8

9

10

11

Midt.,

.77 70

.92 71

.89 71

2:28:21:21:20:2⠀⠀ 2⠀⠀⠀

.82 71

103

Log of the S.S. Fokien at anchor in Tamsui Harbour October 9th to 11th.

491

Wind.

Wind.

Date and Hour.

Remarks.

Bar.

Date and Hour.

Bar.

Remarks.

Dir.

Force.

Dir. Force.

Oct. 9,

4a.

29.87 ENE

6

Strong winds with heavy rain Oct. 10, 4p. 29.59 NNE

squalls.

5

Fresh wind with squalls.

6p.

.58

10

5

""

82.

.89

Noon

.89

4p. .87

8p.

.83

10p.

Midt.

10,

4a.

6a.

8 8 5 3 2 2 3 3

"

وو

:

:

8p.

.56

5

10p.

.53

5

10

Similar weather.

Midt.

.49 NE

6

.78 NNE

10

Heavy squalls and rain.

11,

2a.

.45 ENE

8

.72

10

""

Squalls blowing with hurricane

force.

4a.

.39 E

10

Squalls blowing with hurricane

force.

5a.

.37 ESE

10

.67

10

Squalls blowing with hurricane

force.

15

8a.

.51 SE

6

Weather moderating.

.64

10

55

8a. .67

10

Ran ship on the mud to prevent

10a.

.54 SSW

Heavy rain throughout the day.

her dragging anchors.

10a.

.69

Noon

1p.

2p.

.60

3p. .59 ""

86

8

Tide running 9 knots per hour.

Noon

.57 W

5

.67

6

4p.

.75

NW

5

Fresh winds, less rain.

Sp.

.83 N

++

4

.64

4

39

4

Squalls less frequent, heavy rain.

Midt.

8

.89 NNE

4

99

S.S. CHOYSANG.

October 9,

4a.

27°

4'

121°

O'

30.00

N

6

8a.

26 35

120

40

29.97

7

0.

"

Noon 25 47

120 20

.92

NNE

.85

NE

1p.

.83

39

"

rough sea. high sea.

very high sea, hazy horizon.

"9

"

2p.

29

3p.

4p.

29575

25 18

119

54

.80

NNE

""

","

12

119 45

.78

9

""

99

""

99

78

وو

""

39

5p.

>>

6p.

24

51

119 23

.75

9

99

""

""

""

7p.

.75 NE by N

9

""

""

19

8p.

24 39

119

1

.75

11

39

19

mountainous sea, wind fitful with squalls of hurri-

.75

11

9p.

10p.

118 46 24 32

.74

11p.

.73

Midt. 24

13

118

24

.70

.67

10,

1a.

2a. 24 3

118

6.

.65

.61

* : : : :Z

99

11

99

11

[cane force.

**

"

39

>>

99

NNE

11

39

10

""

N

"

high sea,

3a.

4a. 23 47

117

47

.59

""

27

.59

NNW

5a.

6a. 23 34

117 28

.59

""

39

very high sea, weather moderating.

rather rough sea,

""

"

""

sky clearing.

""

moderate sea, fleecy sky and clear weather.

.59 NW

7a.

8a.

23

19 117

2

.60

6

""

19

clear fine weather.

""

19

arrival at Swatow.

S.S. FORMOSA.

29.82

NE

6

heavy head sea.

October 9,

8a.

9a. 24° 27' 118° 30'

...

Noon

.76 NNE

6

95

great quantity of water on board.

.69

NE

8

high sea,

4p.

8

""

8p.

"

.63

9

"

Midt.

"

.59

10,

4a.

""

.52

10 orq. 10 "

"

"

94

559

95

""

""

19

squalls with typhoon force.

""

8a.

.16

Noon

3p.

25

2 119 12

...

.45

4p.

.49

8p.

Midt. 25

11

119

12

.47

.48

11,

4a.

.58

8a.

Noon White Island.

.62

.68

4p.

.82

" " " " "N"NN

10

وو

labouring, some [damage about decks.

10

10

orq.

10 bq. at anchor Pinghai Bay.

10 dq.

9 orq.

9

"

NNW

9

or.

0.

8p.

Midt. Station Is. (Haitan str.). .82

NNW

2

moderating. fine.

492

104

S.S. GLENGARRY.

October 9, Noon left Foochow.

4p.

29.57

NE

9

8p.

9

[board. high sea, rolling, 90 tons of coal on deck washed over-

hove to near Turnabout for one hour.

Midt.

10

59

10,

4a.

.58

9

""

increasing wind and sea.

high sea running.

8a.

arrived at Amoy.

October 9,

4a.

29.80

ENE

3

or.

8a.

.82

NE

5 b.

Noon

Fall Peak.

.77

7

""

4p.

.67

7

**

8p.

.78

9

C.

0.

99

Midt. Dodd Island.

.68

NNE

S.S. LYEEMOON.

high sea, great quantity of water on board.

"

E swell.

increasing wind and sea.

increasing storm.

(24° 18′ 118° 30′)

10,

4a.

.60 NE by N

9

0q.

Sa.

.68

10

15

>>

Noon Gulai Point.

.48

NNE

10

""

4p.

.51

10

>>

>>

5p.

.44

8p.

Hungwha Sound.

.54

CO

""

""

heavy seas on board, steered for Hungwha Sound.

at anchor Hungwha Sound.

(25° 20'

119° 35')

Midt.

.52

"

11,

4a.

.54

N by E

7

8a.

.58

8

""

Noon Station Island.

.65

""

""

*

od.

7 odq.

6a. left Hungwha Sound.

at anchor Station Island.

4p.

8p.

.70 NNW .82

6 orq.

SE swell.

5

""

S.S. PROTOS.

October 9,

4a.

29.99

NNE

8

high sea, great quantity of water on board.

Noon 26° 31'

120° 53'

.96

9

very high sea,

"

>>>

ip.

.92

NE

10

high wild sea,

""

""

8p.

.86

NE by N

10

""

>>

""

Midt.

.74

10

""

10,

4a.

.70

NNE

""

"2

11

og.

>>

ship labouring.

8a.

.68

12

""

"

Noon 23 46

118

58

.62

12

4p.

.50

11,

8p. Midt.

4a.

.62

* Z

10

.65

2696

one boat lost, two smashed, two com-

panions carried away. lights of engine room smashed.

decreasing wind and sea.

or.

rough sea.

NNW

4

C.

moderate sea.

8a.

Noon 22 22

115 29

6

NW

5

H. I. A. M. CORVETTE FASANA.

October

9, Noon 28° 0′

2p. 4p. 27 27

121° 50'

30.01 29.98

NE

C.

8

99

C. increasing sea.

121 17

.95

8

C.

""

6p.

.96

NNE

9

m.

8p.

26 52

120 53

.94

10

m.

99

10p.

.93

NE/N

9

m.

Midt. 26 10

120 32

.85

10

m.

""

10,

2a.

.76

NNE

9 q.

4a. 25 31

120 6

.71

10 or.

29

6a.

.70

10 or.

29

7a.

.68

10 or.

""

high sea.

8a. 24

53

119 32

.63

NE

11 or.

9a.

.63

N

11

0.

10a.

.56

11

0.

""

increasing sea.

lla.

.51

11 0.

"

Noon 24

19

118 59

.48

""

11 0.

1p.

.43

12 0.

""

2p.

.36

12 0.

3p.

.38

N/W

11

0.

high confused sea from NNW. clearing.

4p. 23 49

118 27

.41

11

0.

"

5p.

.45 NW

10

0.

sea began to decrease, weather improving.

#

6p.

.49

NW/N

0.

7p.

.55

NW

or.

8p. 23 24

117

51

.58

WNW

0.

9p.

.62

"

10p.

.66

"

Midt. 23 0

117 29

.67

NW

11,

2a.

.68 WNW

4a. 22 42

117 15

.70

""

6a.

.79

"

8a. 22 29 10a. Noon 22 22

117

0

.81 .83 NNW

NW

7710 10 10 HE

0.

or.

5

0.

or.

0.

0.

4

0.

0.

116 34

.80

99

105

S.S. NANCHANG.

October 9, Noon 27° 12'

121° 19′ 29.95

4p.

8p.

.86

NNE

NEN 6

6 b.

high sea.

.83

NNE

7 b.

Midt.

10,

4a.

.71

7 od.

.56

7a. Sa.

.45

.46

10

Noon 23 17

117 56

.47

N

4p.

.45

وو

شح

9 orq.

""

very high sea, foresail split.

increasing following sea. gale abating, sea moderating. moderating.

8p.

.57

NW/N

6

Midt.

.63

WNW

6 b.

11,

4a.

.64

NNW

6

8a.

.71

6.

24

Ila.

at Hongkong

S.S. EMPRESS OF JAPAN.

493

October 9, Noon 24° 23'

118° 52′

29.74

NE

8

high sea, great quantity of water on board.

Midt.

.65

10

""

very high sea,

"

>>

"

10, Noon 25

41

120 15

.54

N

10 0.

""

"

39

"3

Midt.

.40

NE

10

0.

"

""

99

11, 4a.

.35

NE

10

0.

""

Noon 26 10

120

48

.50

NNE

9

0.

"

Midt.

.70 NNW

9

0.

"

"

A A

25

"

""

19

""

"5

12, Noon 28

12

121 54

.84

6

fine.

"

Midt.

.88

W

BARQUE ALTAIR.

increasing wind, heavy NE swell, light variable wind.

increasing wind, heavy NE swell. moderate wind.

increasing wind, heavy sea, plain sails in.

""

""

fresh gale, heavy sea.

moderating.

upper topsails furled.

fresh gale, high sea.

moderating, upper topsails set.

fresh breeze, plain sails set.

October

9, Noon 22° 30′

115° 38'

29.72

N/W

4p.

.68

var

8p.

.66

NNW

Midt.

.58

>>

A

10,

4a.

.56

0.

8a.

.52

NW

Noon 22 57

117 30

.48

0.

"

4p.

.50

NNW

od.

11,

8p. Midt.

.52

NW

.50

4a.

.52

"y

Sa.

.54

Noon 22 0 119 33

.56

""

S.S. PHRA NANG.

October

9, Noon 28° 28′

Midt.

123° 44' 29.96

NNE

5 b.

.90

"

6 04.

10,

4a.

>>

wind and sea increasing. 7 0. high sea.

8a.

.60

""

Noon 25 19

120 04

.50

∞ a

8 09.

9

""

2p.

.48

3p.

.30

4p.

.22

11

oq.

5p.

Hove to on port tack

.20

6p.

.21

Sp.

.25

N

12

Midt.

.30 NW

11

mountainous confused sea, life boat smashed,

others damaged.

terrible sea.

tremendously high sea.

11,

4a.

.34 NW

11 oq.

97

">

6a.

.42

8a.

.52

10 od.

moderating sea, very heavy.

10a. Proceeded

Noon 24 08

119

13

.58

9

""

2p.

.60

9

10p. Midt.

.83

W

3

.85

NW

smooth sea.

12, Noon 22

55

116

44.

89

NW

3

494

106

S.S. CITY OF PEKING.

October 9, Noon 27° 17'

123° 26'

29.95

NNE

5

0.

rough sea and swell.

4p.

Sp.

.88

6

>>

ogm.

ogm.

increasing breeze and sea.

.90

NE

Midt.

.80

8

""

39

ogmq, rough sea.

>>

10,

4a.

.78

9

55

"

"

8a.

.62

10

"

ship labouring, large quantity of water on board.

Noon 25 37

120 41

.62

10

12

4p.

.58

NEN

10 orq.

8p.

.56

10

"

وو

Midt. Hove to on port tack

.52

10

11.

4a.

.46

7

""

ogq.

6.10a. Went ahead

8a.

.52

NNE

7 ogm.

Noon 25 58 121 05

.48

10

or.

very heavy sea,

high topping sea.

moderating sea.

wind and sea increasing.

"

29

""

""

Hove to on port tack

2.30p.

.35

4p.

.52

"

8p.

.70

Midt.

.78

N

8

12,

4a.

.80

6

>>

11 oq. 9 oq.

high topping sea, rolling heavily. moderating.

sea going down.

8a.

.90

NW

5

bv.

Noon 24 33

119 10

.93

4 b.

"

S.S. CYCLOPS.

October 9, Noon

23° 05' 121° 55'

29.97

NNE 6 0.

fine.

4 P 10 p.

.93

5

hazy.

.87

8

0.

high sea.

10, 1.30 a. anchored under Tungsha

.77

9

q.

4 Noon

.72

9 orq.

.62

9

4 p.

.65

10

8 p.

.57

11

Midt.

11,

4 a.

8 a. Noon

proceeded

at Foochow

.57

N

10

.63

7

moderating.

.66

6

or.

S.S. TAISANG,

October 9, Noon Midt. 10, 11.30 a.

26° 19' 119° 58'

29.90

NNE

7

.94

NE

6

28 28

121 50

moderating.

at anchor under Taichow.

Noon

Midt.

11, Noon

12,

Midt.

1 a.

3 a.

.90 NNE .81 N/E .81 NNE .77 N

7

9 oqr.

7

177 NNW

.75 NW/N

rain ceased.

4 3.

proceeded

5 a.

Noon

29 21

122

7

.83

WNW N/W

6

S.S. BENLARIG.

October 10, Noon

32° 10'

126° 30'

30.04

NE

8 P.

.00

11,

Midt.

4 a.

29.98

.87

.87

NE/E

00

5

6 od.

7

or. high sea.

7

8

8 a.

11 a. Noon

hove to head to sea

29° 26'

123° 36'

.82

wind and sea increasing, ship labouring.

used oil.

very high sea.

4 p.

.73 NE/N 9 .72 NNE

22

10

or.

>>

3 p.

sea started breakwater on fore- castle head breaking three deck planks.

12,

Midt.

4 a.

.68 N

10

.60

9

8 a. Noon

.66 N/W

8

28 46 122 51

.77 NW

7

very high sea, castor oil used.

moderating.

دو

sea going down.

-

107

S.S. DEUTEROS.

495

October 10, Noon

32° 20'

126° 53'

30.07

NE/N

5

0.

high sea.

Midt.

.05 NE

6 or.

11,

4 a.

29.94

7

""

very high sea.

8 a. Noon

.96

8

30 04

123 44

.88

8

from NE.

""

4 p.

.82 NEN

10

8 p.

.82

10

Midt. 12, Noon

.80

NNE

10

moderating after midnight.

27 12

121 03

.88

NW

7 c.

S.S. SOOCHOW.

October 11, Noon

29° 20'

122° 33′

29.93

NE

7 r.

wind and sea rapidly increasing.

2 p.

.86

[sea.

p.

6 p. 8 p.

ထိုထိုထို

.85 NNW

.86

.88

Z:

N

12,

Midt.

.88

4 a. Noon

.82

9 q.

28

121 5

.91

N/W

10 oqr.

3.30 p. damage on deck, ship's head to wind and

wind flying from NE to NNW in violent

squalls, heavy confused sea.

moderating, clear.

S.S. WOSANG.

October 10,

Noon

8 p.

near Tungsha lightship

31° 7 122° 1'

30.05 EN

5

fine.

.04 ENE

5

odg.

.00 NE

Midt.

11, 4 a.

29.88

or.

7.25 a.

hove to head to wind

...

.90 NEN

9

8 a. Noon

28 40 122 10

.83

.82

4 p.

8

.88

10

aao

9 orq.

high following sea, much water on board.

high sea, sea swept away all moveables on deck.

saloon doors broken in.

">

high cross sea.

p.

12,

Midt.

.83

10

"}

4 a.

proceeded

.81 NNW

9

moderating.

>>

8 a.

.89 NW/N 6

Noon

25 58

120 55

.92

4

still high cross sea.

S.S. FU PING.

October 10, 6 a.

Noon

28° 36'

121° 52′

NNE N

6 c.

rough ESE sea.

7

r.

2 p.

6 p.

28

4 121 31

NNE

8 p.

11, 6 a.

10

8

Noon

8 p.

left Taluk Island

NW

12,

6 a. Noon

24 58 119 32

10 orq.

"2

heavy confused sea.

at shelter under Taluk Island.

6 op. rough E sea.

4 b. heavy NE sea.

light E sea.

S.S. MEEFOO.

October 11, 12,

Midt.

off North Saddle

29.74

N

0000

சு

2 3.

off Barren Island

.68

6 a.

30° 43' 123° 7'

.74

8

anchored in E Saddle Island Bay.

9 a. Noon

.82 NNW

ship hove to heading East drifting southward.

fearful sea from NNE to ESE.

weather clearing, heavy sea outside islands.

On the 22nd October the weather was fine in China and the Philippines. Moderate NE breezes prevailed in China. Vessels in the China Sea experienced strong NE breezes. The American barque Xenia, bound from Sydney for Hongkong, at noon in 12° 52', 133° 59′, had high barometer (29.90 at noon), NNE 1, a smooth sea and a NE swell was met. At noon on the 23rd in 13° 3', 133° 28′ the barometer had fallen to 29.85 with N 4, clear weather and a long NE swell. There must have been every indication of a typhoon coming on from the eastward. At the same time the barometer began to fall very slightly in China as far as Shanghai and Haiphong. The barque Altair in 29° 24', 126° 56′ had 30.00, N 5 and fine weather.

The barque Xenia experienced cloudy and squally weather with lightning and heavy rain up to 8 a. on the 24th, with W wind. At & a. she tacked to the N i. e. she chose the port tack for running in a typhoon which is not recommended. Had she proceeded on the other tack she would have escaped the typhoon. At noon in 13° 57', 132° 45' same weather with 29.78, WNW 4, wind and sea increasing. Shortly after the gaff topsail and main topgallant sail split and new sails were bent in their place. At 4 p. with N by W wind she went on the starboard tack and at 6 p. again on the port-tack i. e.

196

108

proceeding N. At 8 p, with NW by W gale increasing the royals were handled and at 9 p. the jib- boom carried away at the cap. There was now a strong W gale and high sea. At 11 p. all was made snug and they wore the ship to the southward, but too late. Shortly after midnight on the morning of the 25th it blew a typhoon from SW by S with fierce squalls and a high cross sea.

The barque laboured heavily, rolling and pitching hard and the waves broke on board both fore and aft. The mainsail was blown from the yard. The gaff topsail and flying jib were lost, and the mizzen staysail and main-topmast-staysail blew to ribands. In the forenoon it continued blowing with full typhoon force from SW. The lowest barometer was 29.40 and the temperature (88°) continued abnormally high. At noon in 14° 40', 132° 28' barometer was registered 29.70 (with SSW 12), at 4 p. 29.65 and at midnight 29.63. It then blew from SSW with increased fury, high cross sea, furious squalls and continuous downpour of rain. Of course the readings of the aneroid are uncertain as it is so difficult to read it to a tenth in such weather. At noon on the 25th South Cape registered: 30.02, NNE 5, c. Light N breezes prevailed over Luzon with cloudy weather (barometer 29.91 in the north and perhaps about 29.80 in the south).

On the 26th October from midnight to 8 a. the typhoon continued from SW on board the Xenia. At 1 a. the foretopsail blew away and she was hove to on the port tack (being in the left hand semi- circle). At 11 a. she was kept away from the wind. At noon she was in 15° 41', 131° 12'.

At 1 p. the typhoon blew from SSE. At 3 p. the foretopmast stay carried away but the mast was secured (barometer 29.60 falling). At 8 p. it blew from the same quarter with unabated fury. The schooner Jenny in 7o, 150° had strong southerly wind on this day.

On the morning of the 27th it blew from SSE by E on board the Xenia. Part of the starboard bulwarks were washed away. After 8 a. it began to moderate. Foresail and upper foretopsail were At noon she was in 18° 13′, 129° 1' with barometer 29.80. In the afternoon it blew ESE 8 with a fearfully high cross-sea. At noon South Cape registered 29.97, NNE 3, c. and Bolinao 29.84, NNE 1, b.

set.

On the 28th the Xenia at noon in 19° 12', 127° 40′ had the wind from ESE moderating to a breeze but the sea kept running high from all directions. At 7 a. the cap to the foremast head carried away and broke the foretopmast stay. The weather was clear and barometer rising (29.93 at 6 p.) At noon it blew a moderate NNW gale in Bolinao with falling barometer (29.67). South Cape registered: 29.96, NNE 4, c. but it blew NNE 6 to 7 at Fisher Island. The S.S. Kowshing in 16° 41′, 119° 42′ registered 29.61 strong NNW wind and rough sea. At Manila it blew a gentle W'SW breeze. The barometer was rising in southern China, gradients rather steep for N winds, weather clear, warm and dry.

Although it is not possible to construct a very accurate path from these observations the positions of the centre of the typhoon must have been nearly as follows. On the 24th October 15°, 136°; on the 25th: 15°, 133°; on the 26th: 15°, 130°; on the 27th: 16°, 127°; on the 28th: 16°, 125°; and on the 29th: 17°, 123°.

In the afternoon on the 29th this typhoon recurved. The following are some of the principal observations made at noon. The barometer was falling at all the stations in China :-

COAST STATIONS.

Steep Island,

N

750

30.14 .03

NNW

cm.

Ockseu,

NNW

550

29.99

.05

NE

C.

Fisher Island,

NW

400

.84

.12

NNE

9

cmq.

Anping,

NNW

400

.84

.10

N by E

of.

Hongkong,

WNW

550

.98

.08

N by E

b.

South Cape,

NNW

300

.82

.14

NE

cm.

Hoihow,

W by N

700

30.08 .01

NE

C.

Bolinao,

Manila,

WSW SW

200

29.55 .12

WNW

oqr.

200

.72 .01

SW

C.

VESSELS.

S.S. Esmeralda,

Past Capones.

دو

""

Bombay, Kowshing,

26° 18' 120° 30' Manila.

SW 250 29.66 WSW NNW 550 30.09 NNE

10 10

pq.

SW

200

WSW

Bq. Xenia,

19° 20' 126° 3'

S.S. Cosmopolit,

16 27 109 48

NE W

200 29.80 750 29.97

E N

4

ouq.

C.

At Bolinao it blew at intervals during the night in furious gusts of wind and rain especially between 3 a, and 4 a. on the 29th.

The Xenia had a heavy cross swell. She had proceeded straight for Hongkong without further reference to the typhoon, and ran in consequence again into the left hand semi-circle after the centre had recurved. She was now to the N of the centre and had at 11.30 p. a strong NE gale and mountainous NE sea. She was hove to on the starboard tack, and had therefore to go through the typhoon again. However it seems it did not blow so hard as before as the centre was now moving against the NE monsoon. The lowest barometer 29.79 was registered at 6 p. at South Cape after which the fresh NE gales gradually decreased in force.

109

At noon on the 30th October the centre appears to have been in about 19°,

COAST STATIONS.

125°:

Ockseu,

NW

Fisher Island,

500 WNW 400

29.98.01

NNE

5

C.

.88 + .04

NNE

7

cm.

Hongkong,

WNW 600

30.01 + .03

N by E

b.

South Cape,

NW

300

29.89 + .07

NNE

C.

Bolinao,

SW

350

.79 + .24

N

0.

Pta. Santiago,.

.80

NW

C.

Manila,

SW

350

.76 + .04

W

b.

VESSELS.

S.S. Esmeralda, Bq. Xenia,

Altair,.

"

16° 52′

118° 1'

29.80

NNE

9

q.

20 21 35 59

124 2

.75 NE .88 NW

10

oq.

8

high sea.

497

At noon on the 31st the centre may be estimated to have been in about 20°, 128°. The Xenia at 2

p. in 20° 20′, 121o 59' had NNE 7, a very rough sea and great quantities of water on board. The weather was cloudy and squally. The barometer was rising at all the stations and there was a regular NE monsoon, blowing hard in from 6° to 15° latitude in the China Sea, where the ships Dorothea and Continental, and the barques Nicoya and Harvard had moderate NE gales.

NOVEMBER.

0

On the 5th November the barque Nicoya in 12° N, 1151 E had a fresh NE breeze, squally weather, a rapidly falling glass, and increasing sea. The lower topsails were reduced. On the 6th November there was a depression forming over the neighbourhood of Palawan in 10° N, but it was not well defined. The barometer in that latitude read about 29.75, and 29.95 in 15° N, and 29.90 in 4o N. There was a swell in the southern part of the China Sea, hazy horizon, squally and wet weather. The Nicoya in 13° N, 116° E registered strong NE wind, squally weather and high cross sea. On the 7th fine weather was experienced on board all vessels south of 10° N with SW monsoon. Vessels north of 13° N had moderate NE monsoon. On the 8th fine weather continued with moderate NE monsoon north of 14° N, W wind south of 5° N, and variable light breezes between these latitudes. On the 9th a very light NE monsoon appeared to extend itself to the southward. On the 10th the barque Harvard in 13° N, 116° E had increasing N by E wind and squally weather.

At noon on the 11th November the Captain of the barque Harvard remarked the appearance of a typhoon but the barometer was "not falling" i. e. the readings are not entered in the log-book and therefore the fall was not ascertained. The barque was in 12° 59′, 118° 2. The centre of the typhoon was probably 250 miles to the SW. The wind was NE 7 and hauled to the E the following midnight. The centre of the typhoon which may have been in the neighbourhood of Palawan about the 10th or 11th was at noon on the 12th in about 11° 40', 112° 15′ and at noon on the 13th in about 14° 2′, 110° 20'. It then moved towards SW Hainan, but it seems it ceased to blow before it reached the Gulf of Tongking. On the 12th the barometer was high and had risen a tenth in southern China. The weather was cloudy, cool and dry. Fresh NE breezes prevailed. On the 13th the barometer had fallen a tenth. A fresh NE gale blew throughout the day at Hoihow with occasional showers of rain (barometer 30.08 at 10 a. in Hongkong 30.16 at 10 a.) It moderated during the following night. Gentle SE breezes prevailed in Luzon. At Cape S. James it blew a moderate SW gale accompanied by a high sea and squally weather. At sea it appears to have blown a strong breeze within 400 miles towards the N of the centre, and within 300 miles towards the S, and it blew a moderate gale at least within 100 miles of the centre. There was a more or less heavy swell everywhere in the China Sea.

The following are some of the principal observations copied from ships' log books concerning this typhoon

S.S. HONGAY.

Nov.

11,

Noon Midt. 12, Noon 15 36 13, Noon 18 27

12° 33'

120° 48′

29.83

NE

high sea.

.89

ENE

118 45 117 3

.94

ENE

6

confused swell.

30.00

ENE

"

S.S. DONAR.

Nov.

11, Noon Midt. 12, Noon Midt. 13, Noon

18° 12′

19 36

20 31

111° 36'

112 30

113 19

30.02

NNE

.05 NE

.06 NE .04 .02

NE

NE

16300 00

5

rising sea.

8

8 opq. high sea.

S.S. DON JUAN.

Nov.

11, Noon Midt. 12, Noon

16° 34'

19 39

119° 15'

29.90

NE

5

.94

116 39

30.05

NE

5

498

110

S.S. ESMERALDA.

Nov.

12, Noon Midt. 13, Noon

13° 7

119° 18'

29.87

N

NE

18 55

117 3

29.96 NE

BARQUE HARVARD.

0. high sea. 4 oqrm, leavy N swell.

547

oqrm.

Nov.

11. Noon 12, Noon 13, Noon

12° 59'

13 24

14 13

118° 117 47 118 0

NE

ESE

oqr.

strong wind.

ESE

fine.

S.S. LIGHTNING.

Nov. 11,

11, Noon Midt.

4° 16'

12,

Noon

7 28

106° 12'

108 12

29.86

WNW

5 09.

.82

Midt.

.81 NNW

WNW .74 WNW 6 og.

clear.

heavy NE swell.

13, Noon Midt. 14, Noon Midt.

10 39

110 7

.69

SW

5 oqr.

high cross sea.

.80

SE

>>

13 43

11.2

9

.90

ESE

""

.94

ENE

S.S. GLAMORGANSHIRE.

Nov.

12,

Noon

90° 42'

110° 15′

29.88

NNW

4p.

.78

NW

8p.

.60

WSW

10 10 30

High cross sea.

5 od.

"

oq.

"

Midt.

.55

ᏚᎳ

""

"

13,

42.

.56

SSW

8a.

.60

S

Noon

13.05

111 56

.72

SSE

4p.

.78

SSE

8p.

.82

SE

Midt.

.81

SE

14, Noon

16 33

113 50

.94

ESE

8776664

>>

52

""

"2

"

""

13

""

"

""

""

S.S. GLENORCHY.

Nov.

12, Noon

4p.

12° 28' 111° 20' 29.51 going southwards.

NW N/W 6p. W/N, 7p. W.

9

High cross sea.

8p.

29.55

WSW

(at 7p. going northwards). (9p. full speed).

Midt. 13, 4a.

Noon

.46

SW SE

7

13 38 · 112 5

.75 SE

Heavy N swell.

This steamer was very near the centre but was saved by running S. in time.

.57 N/W

Nov.

11, Noon

Midt. 12, Noon

4p. 8p. Midt. 13, 4a. 82. Noon

13 00

S.S. PETERSBOURG.

17° 07' 114° 18'

111 36

30.08 ENE 29.96 NNE

.72 N/E

6 b.

5 C.

or.

8

29

23

10 14 110 07

C.

7 b.

6 b.

.53 NW .61 WSW .61 SW .73 SW/S .76 SW

9

At 7 p. on the 12th this Russian Steamer in about 12° 25′, 111° 10′ was very near the centre. At 7 p. the entry was made: NW 10, 29.49; but the barometer has not been compared here. There was a heavy and continuous downpour of rain without thunder and about 7 p. a calm of 3 or 4 minutes duration.

At 10 a. on the 19th November the barometer reached a maximum 29.97 at Bolinao, where light land and sea breezes (SE in the morning and NW in the evening) prevailed. At 10 a. on the 20th the barometer had fallen (Bolinao: 29.84 SE 1 c.) The barometer was steady in southern China (Hongkong 30.10 E 4 ov) The weather was cloudy, warm and rather dry.

At noon on the 19th the ship Helen Brewer in 15° 50', 127° 36' had a fresh NE gale, which sprung up during the morning. At 1 p. (barometer 30.02) it rose to blow a strong NE gale. She was hove to under spanker, foretopmast staysail and mizen topmast staysail. At noon on the 20th in 16° 15′, 127° 13′ (barometer 29.54) there was a high cross sea. At 3.15 p. the sea and gale becoming so violent, that it was no longer possible to lay to (the ship being insufficiently ballasted and loaded all over with kerosine oil from America for Hongkong) and the ship labouring heavily and the decks being full of water they took in the spanker and mizen topmast staysail and ran across the path of the typhoon in front of the centre directly for Luzon under bare poles and foretopmast staysail heading NW/W (? SW/W). The wind gradually backed to the N and W and the ship was quite properly kept with the wind on the starboard quarter. The barometer fell at the rate of tenth an hour. It blew a terrific typhoon with fierce squalls and occasional lulls. The ship was heading WSW at midnight

111

499

and running 7 knots. The barometer fell at the rate of 1 tenths per hour which indicates a gradient of about 0.50 inch in 15 miles. At 2 a. on the 21st the foretopmast staysail blew away.

She was then heading SW (barometer 28.74) in 14° 30′, 125° 0′. They tried to keep her before the wind but at 4 a. (barometer 28.44) she broached to and was hove down on her beam ends so far that the lee yard arms of the fore and mainyard were half under water. The port lifeboat, the cutter and everything moveable on deck went overboard, and the sea broke in under the topgallant forecastle and filled every cabin forward with water. They cleared away the jib to pay her off but it blew away. The outer jib blew away afterwards. They set the maintopmast staysail-same fate. They loosed the lee clew of the forelowertopsail but it blew away at once, clean torn from the boltrope. The weather side of the foresail was loosed and the whole sail blew away. These were all new sail. The ship was on her first voyage out. At 4.30 a. the barometer began to rise, after a slight lull lasting a few minutes. Then the typhoon began with increased fury from SW. At 6 a. the barometer (28.94) had risen inch in 2 hours. The ship remained on her beam ends, in a most critical situation, the hatches being likely to wash away as they were all under water. At 7 a. they cut away fore and maintop- gallant mast and began to clear away the wreck. They bent a new foretopmast staysail and jib to

try and pay her off. But she would not answer her helm. They cut away the rigging of the mizen- topgallant mast but the mast did not carry away. At noon on the 21st (barometer 29.24) it was reckoned that the ship had been carried 104 miles in the past 24 hours in her circular course round the centre. In the afternoon it blew with great violence and the sea was tremendous. The ship remained on her beam ends. It began to moderate at 4 p. At midnight barometer 29.34. The topgallant yards and masts were under the ship and striking heavily, though all hands had been trying to clear away the wreckage. At daylight on the 22nd there were 11 inches of water in the hold. The lee rail was out of the water and the gale abating. At noon she was in 15° 49′, 124° 41′. At noon on the 23rd she was in 16° 19′, 124° 34′ with a list to port of 6o. There was a moderate S to SSW wind but a heavy confused sea (barometer 29.64) She ran for Cebu as the rudder pintles were damaged.

At noon on the 19th the centre must have been in about 14°, 129°, at noon on the 20th in 14°, 1261° and at noon on the 21st in 150, 124°. It blew with typhoon force within 50 miles of the centre, and a strong gale within 100 miles. To the north of the centre it blew a strong breeze within 600 miles.

We have the following observations inade at 10 a. and 4 p. on the 21st and at 10 a. on the 22nd in Luzon:

Lavag,

Vigan,

..18° 13' ..17 34

Bayombong,

Bolinao,

S. Isidro,

...16 29 .16 23 ...15 22

120° 37' 120 24

?

10a. on 21st.

29.67? NNW 3 0. .57 N 3 0. .53 SSW 1 o.

4p. on 21st.

29.27? NW 3 o.

10a. on 22nd.

29.63 NW 3 0.

.48 NE 4 0.

.39

SW

1 o.

119 55

.58 N

5 0.

,54

N

7 0.

?

.57 S

1 o.

.48

W

2 c.

.64 NNW 3 c. .52 SSW 2 0. .71 NNW 5 0. .69 WSW 1 o.

Pta. Restinga,

.14 16

?

.62

SW 3 0.

.57

SW

5 0.

Pta. Santiago,

...13 46

120

Tayabas,

Antimonan,

..14 1 ...14 2

40 121 35 121 56

.65 W 6 0.

.59

W

6 0.

.74 SW 4 0. .76

W 6 0.

.56 SSW 1 o. .57 W 2 0.

.50 SW

2 0.

SW

2 c.

.50 WSW 2 o.

.69

SW

1 c.

On the 21st a strong SW gale was experienced on board the S.S. Cosmopolit moored at double anchor in Iloilo. The barque Harvard at noon on the 20th in 20°, 118° had strong NE wind and very bad sea continuing next day. On the 22nd in 20° 48', 118° 50′ she experienced a moderate gale from NE/E with cloudy and squally weather and drizzling rain. At midnight it had backed to WNW and blew a fresh gale (strongest at 1 a. on the 23rd). On the 23rd it blew moderately from W and the barometer rose.

SOUTH CAPE.

November 22, Noon 29.58

N 6 empd.

November 23, 9a. 29.57

WNW

cpq.

3p. 6p. .50

.53

N

Noon .62

WNW

""

N

5

"

cm.

3p.

.60

WNW

8

cmq.

9p. .54 Midt. .54 23, 3a. .50

6a.

NNW NNW 4 NW 6 .52 WNW 7

}}

бр.

.66

WNW

59

9p.

79

.76 WNW 6 cin. Midt. .82 NW

>>

33

cpq.

H.M.S. Pallas was at anchor

in Tatsang Bay (Northern Pescadores), which is exposed chiefly to winds between NNW and NNE. The following observations were made :-

Nov. 21,

4 p. 29.81 NNE

5

oq.

Nov. 23,

4 a.

21,

Midt.

.78

7

23,

22,

22,

22,

22,

22,

4 a. Noon

4 p.

8 p.

.74 .66

23,

8 a. Noon

29.63 NNW .73 N .78 NNW

9

od

23,

4 P.

.74 NW

b

.55

NE

23,

.59

23,

8 p. Midt.

.72 SW

1

.86

W

1

Midt.

.61

N/W

500

112

S.S. TOONAN.

Nov. 23,

Noon

32° 37'

123° 00'

29.72

23,

Midt.

.88

NE NNW

orm.

strong wind,

24,

Noon 29 05

122 28

24,

Midt.

30.16 .30

NNW

high sea.

NNE

S.S. CANTON.

Nov. 23,

Noon 30° 22′

122° 36′

29.71

W

ã

23,

23,

6 p. Midt.

.75

NW/N

heavy SE swell. oqd.

.87

NW

24,

Noon 29 12

122 25 30.19

NW

high sea. oq.

The observations made at the same time on board the S.S. Thales, moored in Battery Bay (Pescadores), agree closely with those made on board H.MS. Pallas. The S.S. Kwangle coming down from Shanghai had a fresh N gale in about 28°, 122" in the afternoon on the 23rd. The S.S. Woosung at 8 p. on the 23rd had a fresh W gale (barometer 30.05), near Chinkiang. The sailing vessel Altair in 38°, 121° at 4.20 a. on the 23rd encountered a terrific NNE gale which threw the ship on her beam ends, shifting the cargo. They cut away all sails, stays and rigging and then she partly righted. The seas washed away boats and did great damage to the deck-rooms. The tarpaulins got off the hatches and the water poured into the main hatch. They attempted to wear but the sails were blown out of the gaskets. There was a tremendous snow-storm and mountainous sea at noon. At 3.30 p. the gale moderated. It blew steady from NNE.

At noon on the 22nd the centre of the typhoon was in about 18°, 123°. In the evening it appears. to have passed northwards to the E of South Cape within probably 100 miles. About that time it recurved and at noon on the 23rd it was in about 27o, 125o.

Observations made at noon on November 23rd in Coast Ports:-

Newchwang,

-.75

NNE

8 om.

Kiukiang,

29.90

+.05

W

Yuensan,

-.23

0

or.

Wenchow,

.60

-

-.19

NW

Taku,

+.19

NE

5

CS.

Middle Dog,

.63

-.15

Howki,

-.05

NE

9

om.

Keelung,

.65

-.13

WNW

Chefoo,

29.84.07

N

7

OS.

Ockseu,

.71 -.06

SW

Chemulpo,

.84 -.35

Shantung,

.79 -.18

Fusan,.

.82 -.37

Chinkiang,

-.09

Wusung,

Wuhu,..

...

.71 -.26 +.01

N/E NNE NNE 3 cg. NNE 2 od. WNW W

2 or.

Amoy,

7 od.

Fisher Island,..

.74 .72 +.11

-.03

W

43021~

C.

b.

0.

C.

b.

Swatow,

Anping,

.75 -.02 .72 +.12

WNW WSW NNW

3

1

b.

7

C.

1 om.

Takow,

.72 +.10

NW

6

4 om.

Hongkong,

.79

SE

North Saddle,

South Cape,

.62

.00 +.04

WSW WNW

2

8 3 2 8 3 2 3 2 3 8 8

0.

CV.

0.

b.

.70 -.27

4

8 cpq.

or.

NW

ESK

Steep Island,

Haiphong, Bolinao,

.70 -.04

-

.85 +.14

NW

نة

C.

.74

.24

4 os.

NW

P.M.S.S. PERU.

U.S.S. ALERT in 30°,

136°.

Nov. 22, Noon 27° 06′ 124° 12'

29.93

ENE 3

Nov. 24,

4 a.

29.44

S

Midt.

.87

SE

9

5

.37

SSE

7

23, Noon 28 26 127 56

.76

E

9

6

.30

SSE

4 p.

.61

E

.19

SSE

6

.49

ESE

8

.04

SSE

8

.39

SW 9

9

28.88

SSE

9

24,

10 11

Midt.

1 a.

2

.16

SW 10

10

.81

ESE

7

.06

SW

1

11

28.88

SW 12

Noon

.94 29.05

NE/E 11

NW/N

8

.99

W 12

29.16

WNW 12

4

.28

NW 12

.64

NW 10

Noon 29 38 131 33

.72

NW 9

25, Noon 32 20 135 31

.92 NNW 7

- CO LO CO

1 p.

.08

N/W

2

.25

N/W

6

.33 WNW

4

.40

W

.48

NW/W

6

.54 NW/W

On board the Peru the lowest barometer was read after the calm centre had passed and when the typhoon was blowing with full force from the S. On board the Alert the wind hauled into the NE quarter about 8 p. on the 23rd and the barometer began to fall rapidly, passing showers increasing to steady rain. The sea was then moderate. From midnight to 4 a. on the 24th it shifted to SE and S and increased with steady rain and thick weather. About 10.10 a. the wind fell calm and then suddenly shifted to NE and blew with typhoon force, and heavy blinding rain, the old sea being beaten down by the wind. About noon it began to clear but it still blew hard in the squalls and the sea was very high and confused.

The centre was at noon on the 24th in 33° 30′, 127° 50′ moving ENEward at the rate of about 50 miles an hour. The S.S. Guthrie in 34°, 131° had 29.84 NW 11 with fierce squalls. The S.S. Sutlej in 291, 1223° had 30.06 NW 8. Strong N winds prevailed in central Japan with heavy rain. After this typhoon the NE monsoon blew with great strength over the Eastern Seas.

501

113

DECEMBER.

On the 2nd there was a very small typhoon in the Gulf of Siam, of which the following observa- tions have reached us:-

S.S. NAMYONG.

S.S. LOOSOK.

Nov. 30, Noon 3o 15' 104° 50′ 29.93

N

4 0.

Dec. 1, Midt.

129 00′

101' 00' 29.93 NE 3

Midt.

Dec. 1, 4 a.

.89 NW 4 ogr. .78 NW 4 or.

2, 4 a.

11 20

101 20

.87 NE 7 0f}f•

8 a. Noon

.88 WNW 4 or.

Sa.

.89 N 10

6 04 105 51

.87 W 3 cp.

9 a.

.81 N 10

4 P. 8 p. Midt. 2, Noon

.86 WSW

4 cp.

.94 SW 4 cp.

10 a.

.77

N 10

29.95

S

4 c.

11 a.

10 35

102 10

.69

N 10

N

8 15 108 05 30.04

NE

3 oqr.

Noon 10 30

102 13

.61

11

Dec. 2, 4 p.

S.S. NANSHAN. 13° 20′ 100° 40′ 29.99 NE

1 p.

.65

10

8 p.

Midt.

30.00 NNE

30.01

3,

4 a.

NE 10

29.99 E/N

EN 10

ONO

2 p.

.68

7

6

4 p.

8 p.

10 00 102 30

.85

Sa.

Midt.

30.06 ENE 6

SE 5

30.02

ESE 4

Midt.

.87 S

6

3, 4 a.

.87 SSE

7

Noon 8 34 104 35

.93 E

6

Noon 10 23 102 16 30.06

+, Noon 8 45 104 23 30.05 ENE 3

There was a tremendous cross sea in the middle of the Gulf on the 2nd and wet weather. The calm centre passed over the Loosok about noon. The centre appears to have come up from the S or SE. It is very unusual to have the presence of a typhoon centre in so very low a latitude as this must have been in on the 1st, but from the observations on board the Namyong it appears that there was a very minute depression in about 5°, 108° on the morning of the 1st. A fresh NE gale with squally and wet weather and high sea was reported from Cape S. James. At noon it was perhaps in 7o, 1071°. It must have moved up into the Gulf with a velocity most unusual in that latitude, but there was a strong NE monsoon blowing in the China Sea. At noon on the 2nd we know it was in 10° 30′, 102° 13′. At that time it blew a strong gale within 200 miles of the centre. It then moved Eward towards the Isthinus of Kraw which it may have entered in a latitude of 11°.

On the 7th December the Nanshan experienced another typhoon in the China Sea. Cape S. James reported N 5 and slight swell at 9 a. on the 7th. NW 7 and swell at 3 p.

NW 7 and swell at 3 p. W 7 and swell at 9 a. on the 8th and NE 4 and fine weather at 3

p.

S.S. NANSHAN.

Dec.

5, Noon 6, Noon

9° 41' 11 41

107° 5' 109 82

30.03 ENE

4 09.

.00

N

Midt.

.93

N/E

7, Noon

13 05

110 52

77

N

long N swell. high cross sea. oil used.

2

.64. NE

p.

9 ogr2

4

.63

NE

.64

ENE

S

.79.

p.

10 p..

.83

ESE

Midt.

29.86

SSE

8

8, Noon 14 18

9, Noon

16 23

0.03

===

111 39 114 20

30.00

ES

.07

NE

45

moderating: fierce squalls. high cross sea. ENE swell.

S.S. DONAR.

Dec.

6, Noon

12° 54'

110° 15'

29.93

NNE

7,

4 a. Noon

14 35

110 45

.87 NE .87

NNE

787

0.

oq.

Dec.

6, Noon Midt. 7, Noon

7° 56'

10 09

S.S. NANYANG.

109° 36′ 29.92 N

.86 NNW 110 15

.86 WNW

2

6

rough sea. high sea or.

7

orq2

4 p.

.82 SSW

8 p. Midt.

.86 SSW

.90

S

7

8,

4 a. Noon

.90

SSE

6 04.

13 17 112 34

.98

SE

At

It

that the centre may have originated N of Borneo and W of Palawan on the 6th. appears noon on the 7th it was in about 10° 40′, 112° 20′, and at midnight in about 13° 20′, 109° 20′. Then it entered Cochin China near Quinhon and appears to have moved Wward on the 8th. It blew a strong NE gale to the north of the centre 300 miles away, but to the S of the centre only about 150 miles away.

503

Plate I.

1210

130

14/0

Lil July

110

June.

Dec.

Aug

July.

Sep

£19

Nov.

24

130

40

July

TYPHOONS 1892

140

Hong Kong OBSERVATORY.

505

1210

140

Plate II.

July

90

~** Sep.

Oct.

12/0

130

TYPHOONS 1892

140

HONG KONG OBSERVATORY.

40

110

120

130

130

Aug

no

*

127.23

sep

Nov.

----Aug

-- Aug

10+

427

507

140

Plate III.

130

Det.

40

TYPHOONS

1892

140

HONG KONG OBSERVATORY.

मेरे

3

42

d

S

B

2

"

5

3

A

4

7

10

7

509

Plate TV.

10

ها

7

10

2

100 miles

ގ

4

6

HONGKONG.

625

REPORTS

OF THE

SPECIAL COMMITTEE

APPOINTED BY

HIS EXCELLENCY SIR WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Hongkong and its Dependencies, and Vice-Admiral of the same,

TO INVESTIGATE AND REPORT ON CERTAIN POINTS

CONNECTED WITH THE

BILL FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE PO LEUNG KUK, OR SOCIETY

FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND GIRLS,

TOGETHER WITH THE

EVIDENCE TAKEN BEFORE THE COMMITTEE,

AND

AN APPENDIX CONTAINING CORRESPONDENCE,

D

REPORTS, RETURNS, &c.

ONT

HONGKONG:

PRINTED BY NORONHA & Co.,

Government Printers.

1893.

No. 736.

SIR,

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 28th April, 1892.

I am directed to inform you that His Excellency the Governor has been pleased to appoint you to be Chairman of a Special Committee consisting of the Honourable Acting Colonial Treasurer, the Honourable C. P. CHATER, Honourable Ho KAI, Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD and yourself for the purpose of investigating and reporting on certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Leung Kuk presently before the Legislative Council.

The points on which His Excellency more particularly requires a report are as

follows:-

1. Whether it is advisable to give the Society a legal status.

2. A. Whether provision should be made for such status in a Bill similar to that under discussion or B. whether, as suggested by the Secretary of State 10 years ago, the Society should be formed under the Companies Act of 1865 and its rules and organisation formally approved by the Local Government.

3. Whether it is in any sense as suggested by the Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD

"Secret Society."

a

4. Whether any of the subscriptions have been obtained by "pressure or

"order" as asserted by the same Honourable Member.

5. Whether some of the Runners are disreputable and squeeze as suggested

by a Member of the Police Force.

6. Whether a grant not exceeding $20,000 should be made by the Government or whether it would not be preferable to hand over the block of houses situated in New Street, including the first floor and the site, to the Society instead of making them a grant in money.

7. Whether the Proceedings, Books, Buildings, &c., of the Society should not at all times be made accessible to Justices of the Peace, Magistrates and others.

8. Whether the last clause of the Bill should not be omitted altogether.

9. Whether in any case a suspending clause should not be attached to the

Ordinance.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Colonial Secretary.

The Honourable

THE REGISTRAR GENERAL,

&c.,

- &C.,

&c.

REPORT BY THE CHAIRMAN, THE HONOURABLE HO KAI

AND MR. F. H. MAY.

In reply to your letter No. 736 of the 28th April last, we, the undersigned mem- bers of the Special Committee appointed by His Excellency the Governor to investigate and report on certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk at present before the Legislative Council, have the honour to forward the following report.

The Committee held meetings, covering a period extending from the 12th May, 1892, until the 10th February, 1893, and examined thirteen witnesses.

An application was received from Mr. FRANCIS, Q. C., and Messrs. WOTTON and DEACON to appear before the Committee on behalf of the Pó Léung Kuk. After consideration, the Committee decided by a majority that if it were found that the absence of Counsel was likely to affect adversely the interests of the Society, the Committee would inform the Society, so that it might be represented by Counsel.

The Committee also considered the question of admitting representatives of the press to their meetings, and decided by a majority against their admission on the grounds that, as the proceedings before the Committee would be taken down by a shorthand writer and ultimately published, it would serve no useful purpose to have the proceedings made public while the enquiry was being conducted.

At the same time the Committee considered what mode of procedure should be adopted in conducting the enquiry into the nine points enumerated in the letter from the Colonial Secretary on which His Excellency the Governor more particularly required a report. On that question the opinions of the members of the Committee were divided, two members being in favour of first enquiring into the working of the Society, as they were entirely unacquainted with the details and interior working of the Pó Léung Kuk, before proceeding to deal with any of the other points of investigation; and two members desiring in the first instance to investigate the charges which had been made against the Society, as that appeared to be the fairest mode of enquiry and in accordance with the practice usual in such matters. After, however, Mr. WHITEHEAD had stated that when he had called the Pó Léung Kuk a Chinese Secret Society, he had not meant that it was a secret society such as is liable to be dealt with by the Ordinance against secret societies and that he would explain more fully later on what meaning he had intended to convey by the words he had used, and that he had never brought any charge against the Pó Léung Kuk Society of obtaining subscriptions improperly by "pressure" or "order," that he had not used the words "pressure" and "order," the Committee decided to enquire into the working of the Society before proceeding to consider the other points of enquiry.

From the records which the Committee have had before it, it appears that the first step towards the formation of a Pó Léung Kuk was made in 1878, when a memorial* was presented by certain Chinese merchants to Sir JOHN POPE HENNESSY praying to be allowed to form an association for the suppression of kidnapping and traffic in human beings "on account of the daily increase of crimes of kidnapping." In forwarding this memorial to the Secretary of State in his despatch of the 23rd January, 1880, the Governor said:- my minute of the 12th November 1878 I expressed the opinion that this was a very praiseworthy proceeding on the part of the Native gentlemen who originated

"In

* Sce Appendix 39.

66

(vi)

"it, and I gave instructions that a committee should be formed of the two Police Magis- trates, the Captain-Superintendent of Police, and Dr. EITEL, together with the leading "petitioners, to draw up for my approval some scheme for checking the crime of kid- "napping.

66

"On the 3rd of October last the committee completed their labours and forwarded "their proposed scheme to the Colonial Secretary. Speaking generally, it shows an earnest desire on the part of the Government officers, as well as the Chinese gentlemen "on the committee, to put down the evils to which the latter drew my attention in their "memorial."

Mr. FRANCIS, Q.C., who was acting Police Magistrate at that time, was one of the members of the Committee referred to by the Governor in the extract from the despatch given above and the suggestions drawn up by him for the organisation of the proposed Chinese Society for the protection of women and children are given in full in the appendix.*

In reply to the Governor's despatch of the 23rd January, 1880, the Secretary of State (the Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley) in his despatch of the 20th May, 1880, stated:-

(C

"With regard to kidnapping, the provisions of the local law (Ordinances 4 of 1865, "and 2 of 1875) ought to be sufficiently stringent, but it appears that the practice being on the increase certain Chinese gentlemen in November 1878 asked permission to form "themselves into an association for its prevention, and that a committee appointed by you "to inquire into the subject suggested that the petitioners should form themselves into a company for the purpose under the "Companies Ordinance 1865." It does not appear "that anything further has been done in the matter, and I regret that so much valuable "time has been lost. I therefore request that you will at once thank these Chinese gentlemen for their offers of assistance in repressing this form of crime, and that you "will allow them to form themselves into an association of whatever kind they desire. But, in order to obtain official recognition, its rules and organisation should be made "known to and approved by the Colonial Government. You will, of course, give them "such assistance as you may find practicable, and especially you will instruct the police "to co-operate with them in bringing to justice all offenders whom they may succeed in 'tracing. If the association as at first organised should be found insufficient it will be

time then to consider what other steps should be taken."

66

66

To the Secretary of State's despatch the Governor replied on the 23rd June, 1880:-

"Your Lordship desired me to thank the Chinese gentlemen of the Colony who "offered their assistance to the Government, and wished to form a Society for checking "such crimes†; and you instruct me to allow them to form themselves into a Society or "Association, of whatever kind they desire, with that object, subject to the approval of "the Colonial Government.

"Your Lordship's decision on this point will, I have no doubt, be received with 'great satisfaction by the whole community, as it has been by myself and my advisers. "The Chinese gentlemen in question have already expressed much gratification at finding "their views and labours appreciated by Her Majesty's Government."

66

In the same despatch the Governor states that he "had taken the responsibility of allowing these gentlemen to institute themselves provisionally and informally into a 'Society of the kind: and from time to time the local Government have obtained "practical assistance from them," and that "the rules and organisation of the Society "have been under the consideration of Mr. NG CHOY and they will be submitted before

* See Appendix 39.

† i. e., kidnapping and similar offences.

(vii)

"long to Mr. O'MALLEY, the Attorney General, for official recognition." The Chief Justice, Sir JOHN SMALE, in his final words in the Supreme Court in 1881, bore testimony to the practical value of the Chinese Society, and the Acting Chief Justice, Mr. SNOWDEN, also told the Governor that he found the Chinese gentlemen belonging to the Society of great assistance in the detection of kidnappers. On the 5th August 1882 the Rules of the Society were published in the Gazette for general information, after having been approved by the Secretary of State and the Colonial Government. Such is the origin of the Society.

As regards the work done by the Society, the Directors for the year 1891-1892 have furnished the Committee with an interesting memorandum* on the subject and the Registrar General has also reported on the matter. The Committee have also had before them returns I kindly forwarded by the Magistrates and the Registrar of the Supreme Court, of kidnapping cases from 1865 to 1891 and 1868 to 1891 respectively; a return § showing the number of kidnapping cases brought at the instigation of the Pó Léung Kuk under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance 11 of 1890 from Ist January 1891 to 31st May 1892 on which there were convictions; summary || of cases illustrating the usefulness of the Pó Léung Kuk and the manner in which it co-operates with the Government; a memorandum ¶ from Dr. EITEL as to the results of the work of the Pó Léung Kuk. They have also had before them 12 witnesses who were minutely questioned with regard to the working of the Society, and have obtained from a sub- committee consisting of Mr. MAY and Dr. Ho KAI, who were especially deputed to examine them, a report ** on the records of the Society.

From the evidence, documentary and otherwise, before us, we are of opinion that the Society for the Protection of Women and Girls has been fortunate in having always had connected with it Chinese gentlemen of undoubted respectability and high standing among the Chinese residents of Hongkong, that the directorate appointed from year to year, though varying in energy, has always been animated with a zealous desire to aid and co-operate with the Government in suppressing the evils of kidnapping and kindred offences, that, as a result of such aid and co-operation, many offenders have been brought to justice, who might otherwise have escaped punishment, and kidnapping and kindred offences have received a decided check, that thousands of women and girls have been rescued, thousands of destitutes cared for, and thousands of persons restored to their relatives.

After carefully enquiring into the cases mentioned by several witnesses, which are as a rule given second-hand, we find that in not a single instance was the version given by the witness in accordance with the actual facts, which, when ascertained, so far from casting any reflection on the conduct of the Pó Léung Kuk showed that the managers of that institution had not only acted with perfect bona fides but had taken the steps which were best calculated to secure the protection of the liberties and welfare of those concerned. We desire to call especial attention to the case of TSAU KUNG-WAN †† as the false rumours regarding it created a great deal of excitement among the Chinese and prejudiced some against the Pó Léung Kuk. The conduct of the Committee of the Society in connection with this matter was above suspicion and is worthy of commend- ation. TSAU KUNG-WAN is a writer in the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs and we think his conduct should be brought to the notice of the Inspector General, Sir ROBERT HART.

Having traced the origin of the Society and having given our opinion with regard to the work it has done, we now proceed to deal seriatim with the points on which His Excellency more particularly requires a report.

* See appendix 14.

+++

27.

呼吁

""

*

31.

**

See appendix 7, 8 and 9.

6.

tt

"!

20.

"2

43.

38.

(viii)

1. Is it advisable to give the Society a legal status?

At present the Society has no definite legal status and is at liberty to work inde- pendently of the Government under its present Rules and Regulations; though as a matter of fact it has been the custom of the Society for many years to disregard its rules in this respect and to work in co-operation with the Registrar General. We think that, both in the interests of the Society and of the public, the powers of the Society should be clearly defined by law and that it should not, as at present, have power to carry on its work independently of the Government. The Society has been found to work most effectively in association with a Government officer, and we recommend that this principle of association should be definitely laid down by law instead of as at present being left to the discretion of each yearly directorate.

2. A. Whether provision should be made for such status in a Bill similar to that under discussion or

B. Whether, as suggested by the Secretary of State 10 years ago, the Society should be formed under the Companies Act of 1865 and its rules and organisation formally approved by the Local Government.

We are in favour of a Bill similar to that under discussion, and in that opinion are supported by the Chinese witnesses whom we examined. If the Society be formed under the Companies Act of 1865, it would be quite possible to avoid the principle of Government association, which we and also the Chinese witnesses consider essential to the proper and effective working of the Society. In the draft bill now before the Legislative Council that principle is clearly laid down. We are also in favour of the draft bill as being a less circuitous and less expensive way of arriving at the object aimed at than forming the Society under the Companies Ordinance.

With reference to the draft ordinance considerable misapprehension seems to exist regarding the powers it confers on the Pó Léung Kuk. The draft bill gives no increased powers to the Pó Léung Kuk. It in fact brings the Society more under the control of the Government than it ever, theoretically, has been previously. Beyond the prin- ciple of Government supervision and the introduction of the principle of a permanent Board of Direction, which the practical working of the Society has shown to be most desirable and which the Chinese consider "will not only inspire confidence among the "public, but will also help to increase the efficiency of the Society," the various sections of the draft bill are but merely a reproduction of the present rules and regu- lations of the Society, which have been formally sanctioned by the Secretary of State and the Colonial Government of this Colony, and which are in the eyes of the majority of the Chinese quite as authoritative as any Ordinance passed by the Legislature. The distinction between Regulations approved by the Secretary of State and promulgated by the Government and an Ordinance passed by the Legislative Council, approved by the Secretary of State and promulgated by the Government is one which many Chinese would not readily recognise. It has been suggested that if the President be out-voted on any question he should have the right of appeal to the Governor. Though the Registrar General considers such a contingency is not likely to arise, we think there can be no objection to giving the President and the Committee of the Society the right of appeal to the Governor in cases where there may be a wide difference of opinion.

*

As regards point 8, we see no reason why the last clause of the Bill should not be omitted altogether. The clause is not an innovation, for it is simply a reproduction of Regulation No. 13 of the present Rules and Regulations of the Pó Léung Kuk-a regu- lation which has always, we understand, been a dead letter. So far as we are aware it is not unlawful "for the Governor in his discretion to direct a certain number of "detectives and constables to be placed at the service" of any Society. It seems un- necessary, therefore, to say that such a discretionary power is lawful.

* Section 19. ·

1

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With reference to point 9, we see no necessity for the addition of a suspending clause, but, if His Excellency desires to add one, we have no objections to urge.

As regards point 7, whether the proceedings, books, buildings, etc., of the Society should not at all times be made accessible to Justices of the Peace, Magistrates and others, we beg to point out that under section 14 of the draft Ordinance provision is made for the inspection of the buildings. and premises of the Society; there is, however, no provision making the proceedings and books of the Society accessible to Justices of the Peace and Magistrates. We think it would be well to add a provision to the section referred to making the proceedings and books of the Society accessible to such persons as the Governor may appoint.

Point 3.-Whether the Society is in any sense as suggested by the Honourable T. H. Whitehead a "Secret Society."

In Appendix 47 will be found Mr. WHITEHEAD's explanation of what he meant when he called the Society a Secret Society. We consider that the use of the term "Secret Society" is without justification, as the Pó Léung Kuk is in no sense a Secret Society, the Government as well as the Chinese community being cognisant of its acts, and cannot be properly applied to a Society which has been sanctioned by the Secretary of State and is recognised by and co-operates with Government, which for more than 13 years has been untiring in its work of rescuing women and girls, of finding a shelter for the destitute, and of restoring kidnapped boys and girls to their relatives, which includes among its members many of the most highly respectable Chinese residents of Hongkong, which possesses carefully kept records in detail of all its transactions, and which publishes an annual report of its work as full, if not fuller than similar societies in other. parts of the world. The Committee of the Society in its memorandum* states:

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"From the very nature of the Society, the chief object of which is to aid the Gov- ernment in detecting and suppressing the crime of kidnapping, it is necessary that its "work, to a certain extent, should not be carried on too openly, or else it would defeat "its own ends. But so far as the premises of the Society or its records or the girls "entrusted to its care or the inquiries of the Committee are concerned, the Committee "have nothing to hide, and have never attempted to act with secrecy. All their acts "are known to the Government, and they have never objected to admit to their meetings "or to the inspection of their premises, any respectable person whose object is not to spy out the land, but who wishes to see how their work is carried on or to give a 'helping hand in the rescue of poor women and girls saved from a fate, almost worse "than death."

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This statement we have every reason to believe is in accordance with fact.

4. Whether any of the subscriptions have been obtained by "pressure" or "order" as asserted by the Honourable T. H. Whitehead.

Mr. WHITEHEAD denies having made any such assertion or having made use of the words "pressure" or "order."

5. Whether any of the runners are disreputable and squeeze as suggested by a member of the Police Force.

We applied to the Colonial Secretary to be furnished with the name of the member of the Police Force who made this suggestion, but were informed in reply by the Honourable the Colonial Secretary that he was not in a position to state the name. The late Captain Superintendent of Police, Major-General GORDON, also informed us that he did not know who gave the information to His Excellency.

In examining the various witnesses every endeavour was made to elicit information with regard to the alleged "squeezing" by detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk, but it was

* See Appendix 14.

† See Appendix 3.

See Appendix 16.

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found impossible to ascertain anything beyond vague rumour of the same kind as exists in respect of detectives generally in Hongkong.

In the memorandum* furnished by the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk they state that, "the Committee have been fully alive to the temptations to which Chinese "detectives, as a class, are liable, and have, from time to time, dispensed with the "services of the detectives though they have never been able to obtain proof of any case "of extortion on the part of their employés," and that "about the beginning of this "year, the question of detectives was discussed with the Registrar General, and it was "agreed that, in order to prevent abuses, the detectives should be changed as frequently "as possible, and it was thought that might be done by borrowing the services of District Watchmen, who would be paid by the Society, and who could be employed for short periods, at the end of which they could be sent back to their regular duty in the "District Watchmen's Force."

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We consider that the Pó Léung Kuk Society have exercised due precautions to prevent abuses arising in connection with their detectives and are of opinion that such abuses are least likely to occur when the detectives belong to a Society under Chinese supervision, the members of which are accessible to and favourably situated for obtaining information from the Chinese community There is nothing to show that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives are disreputable. On the contrary both the detectives in the employ of the Society bear a good character. Kw'ONG CHEUNG was in the Police Force for 20 years and retired on pension in 1891, his character being good. The other MOK CHI, who is a head district watchman, was in the employ of the Society for 4° years and the Pó Léung Kuk Committee state that his services were retained on account of the good work he did and of the great number of convictions he obtained in kidnapping cases. We find that since the establishment of the Pó Léung Kuk there has been little or no co-operation between the Police and the Society in the detection of kidnapping and kindred offences. We are of opinion that such co-operation is highly desirable and should be encouraged-an opinion held by the late Captain Superintendent of Police, Major-General GORDON, and which the present Acting Captain Superintendent of Police also shares, and recommend that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives should report regularly to the Captain Superintendent of Police in the manner suggested by Mr. FRANCIS in his draft constitution.

A

6. Whether a grant not exceeding $20,000 should be made by the Government or whether it would not be preferable to hand over the block of houses situated in New Street, including the first floor and the site, to the Society instead of making them a grant in

money.

In view of the good work the Society has done and is doing and of the fact that for many years it has not only assisted the Government in the suppression of kidnapping but has also taken charge of destitutes, defraying the cost of their board and of their passage home, and that it will continue to perform the same charitable functions in future, thereby relieving the Government of a burden which would be very costly if it were not borne by the Society, we are of opinion that the Society should receive a money grant from Government. Seeing that the Society has collected a subscription amounting to $30,000, we recommend a grant of $20,000, part of which amount can be recouped by the sale of the houses in New Street when a favourable opportunity offers for disposing of them.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

HO KAI.

F. H. MAY.

HONGKONG, 3rd April, 1893.

* See Appendix 14.

Y

xi

REPORT BY THE HONOURABLE C. P. CHATER.

After carefully perusing the report circulated by the Chairman. I find that my views are not sufficiently in accordance with those expressed therein to justify me in signing it, neither can I sign that drawn up by Mr. WHITEHEAD, which deals with certain matters on which I do not care to express an opinion, though I may say here that I concur with him on the main issues.

I confine myself, therefore, to answering the questions submitted to the Committee. Question 1.-The Society, though having hitherto had no legal status, has yet. always conducted its operations as if it had, and has done excellent service. I am, therefore, of opinion that there can be no harm in giving it such a status, which will afford it a definite position in relation to the Government, and enable it to carry on perhaps more effectively its undoubtedly valuable work. I think, and in this opinion I am confirmed by the evidence given before the Committee, that it is only Chinese who really understand how to deal with the offences whose prevention is the object of the Society, and how to control properly the subordinates who are employed for this purpose.

Question 2.-I recommend the incorporation of the Society by Ordinance, as a less costly and easier method than registering it under the Companies Ordinance.

I should, however, like to take this opportunity of pointing out certain alterations and additions to the Bill as at present before Council, which ought, I think, to be made.

I feel strongly that it is inadvisable that the Registrar-General should be a member of the governing body, though on the other hand it would be a very good thing if the member representing the Chinese were ex-officio Chairman of this body. The Registrar- General should be outside it as the authority to whom all questions under debate should be submitted, the right of final appeal from his decisions to the Governor in Council being always reserved. It is hardly necessary for me to point out how false a position the Registrar-General would hold if he were at the same time a member of the governing body, and able to reverse its decisions by his power of veto.

Question 3.-Mr. WHITEHEAD has already given an explanation of this, and will no doubt revert to the matter in his report.

Question 4.- May be answered in the same way.

Question 5.-There can be no doubt that there have been persistent rumours that such "squeezing" has taken place, but I am satisfied that the Directors have done all in their power to prevent such occurrences, and to punish offenders. The detectives seem in the main as trustworthy as any other Chinese who can be found here to do the same work. I am clearly of opinion that they should be secured, and of course every possible guarantee taken of their honesty and good conduct. With these precautions, and the greater amount of publicity given to the Society's proceedings, the chance of such offences occurring should be greatly lessened.

Question 6.-As we are informed that the Society has collected a subscription of $30,000, then in consideration of the charitable work it has done, and no doubt will continue to do, I think there is no objection to making it a grant $20,000, which would be partly covered by the sale of the houses in New Street, if a favourable opportunity occurs for such sale.

Question 7.--The premises, books and proceedings of the Society should always be open to the inspection of Justices of the Peace, Magistrates and others.

Question 8.---No, it should be retained.

Question 9.-- Yes, certainly.

HONGKONG, 19th April, 1893.

C. P. CHATER.

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REPORT BY THE HONOURABLE T. H. WHITEHEAD.

HONGKONG, 29th April, 1893.

SIR,

I cannot concur in the unmeasured praise given in the report of the majority of the Committee, to the Pó Léung Kuk, nor can I concur in their recommendations as to the future working of the Society. I therefore submit for the consideration of His Excel- lency, the Governor in this separate report my opinions on the various points in discus- sion, and my reasons, based entirely on the evidence taken by the Committee, in support of these views.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY.

1. With the Rules of the 5th August, 1882, before me I have no hesitation in saying that the Pó Léung Kuk as a separate and distinct Society never had an existence until 1892. It was to consist of members residents of the Colony who had subscribed $10 or upwards to the funds. It was to be managed by a Committee of ten members elected annually at a meeting of members. (It was to provide a Home for the accom- modation of destitute women and children in Hongkong.

2. There is no evidence that there ever were any subscribers to the Pó Léung Kuk as a separate and distinct Society. For 1878 and 1879 there are no lists and no accounts, the cost of providing food was borne by the Tung Wah Hospital; any other costs and expenses were borne by Mr. FUNG MING SHAN and others, the first members of the Committee, out of their own pockets. There are accounts from August, 1880, or there- abouts to August, 1892, and they show that the total receipts of the Society during these twelve years amounted from subscriptions and contributions from the Directors to $1,330. In addition there have been loans from the Tung Wah Hospital and the Man Mo Temple to the amount of $2,600, and from the Government grants or gifts of $1,050. No Home has ever been established or attempted to be established: The women and girls were housed in the Tung Wah Hospital to the great inconvenience of patients there, and to the very doubtful advantage of the women and girls themselves, and food and clothing has been found by the Tung Wah, a separate and distinct Corporation. There have been no annual meetings of subscribers to the Pó Léung Kuk, for there were none, and of course no proper elections of members of the Committee. The meetings have either been meetings of members of the Tung Wah, or of the general public, and the persons elected have been generally the Tung Wah Committee men.

It is not even certain (see the discussion between the Honourable HO KAI and the Chairman at the 11th meeting of the Commission) on what principle or how the Chairman of the Pó Léung Kuk was elected or appointed or whether there was an election or nomination. A book containing the names of the original members of the Society in 1881 has been produced (see appendix 43), but there is no register of later date. It is evident that the book cannot be correct because if there were then 122 members there must have been at least $1,220 to the credit of the Society, but in 1880-1882 nothing appears in the accounts but subscriptions from the Directors, receipts from the former Emigration Enquiry Office, and a subscription of $100 from the LAI HING firm.

3. I desire to call attention further to the facts that no efforts appear to have been made to raise subscriptions and form a fund until 1892, although the Government had frequently urged the Directors to do so, that the fund raised in 1892 was raised on the statement made to the Directors that no Government aid could be expected until the

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community had first shewn its interest in the Society by subscribing freely, and that moneys now subscribed have been raised very largely in consequence of the personal solicitations of the Registrar General.

4. On this point I repeat what I said in my letter to the Government dated the 7th May, 1892. I believe the Registrar General to have been animated by the very highest and best motives. It was a good thing in itself that the Chinese should subscribe freely for the useful and charitable purposes of the Pó Léung Kuk; it was well that they should be urged to do so, and persuaded out of their objections and prejudices. It was natural that the Registrar General should take an interest in the Society and do all he could to further its objects. I am sure that he made use of nothing but the most legitimate argument in his efforts to gain subscribers, and that no man who refused to subscribe would find any difference in the dealings with him as the Registrar General afterwards. But I am equally confident that in the minds of the Chinese there was the dread that refusal would influence the action of the Registrar General and of the Government. I do not believe that the Chinese are capable of separating Mr. LOCKHART from the Registrar General, and I quote here in support of my opinion from a speech of the Honourable HO KAI, delivered in the Legislative Council on the 25th March, 1891, during the discussion on the Gambling Ordinance.

"It is very easy to get Chinese to come to one's office, especially the Registrar "General's Office, and get them to say what one wants, for on asking them certain "questions they, observing the same deference they pay to officials of their own nation, "will simply say 'Aye, Aye' to every question addressed to them, although at the "same time they do not agree with the opinion expressed. It is a matter of notoriety "that they will not contradict official remarks. I wish when the Registrar General "wishes information he would get it in a fair and just manner, allow the Chinese to 'come together in open meeting and then give the result arrived at, instead of taking "opinions given under I will not say the terror but the peculiar feeling with which "they come before a high official." I must say that I regret that the subscriptions for the Pó Léung Kuk were not obtained from the Chinese in public meeting or on the solicitation of their fellows, instead of being, as very many of them were obtained as the result of personal interviews with the Registrar General at his Office and under "the peculiar feeling" with which Chinese come before a high official.

66

5. My conclusion on this point is that in the past there has been no general interest taken by the Chinese in the Pó Léung Kuk or in its operations, no subscribers, no subscriptions, no annual meetings, and no elections in due form. The so-called Pó Léung Kuk has been merely a Committee of the Tung Wah Hospital supported by the Tung Wah Hospital and Man Mo Temple, and by contributions from the Directors only. To say that because the Tung Wah Hospital, a corporate body, defrayed all the expenses out of its corporate funds, therefore all the members of the Tung Wah Hospital may be looked on as members of the Pó Léung Kuk, is simply to play with words. It might just as well be said that because the Government once subscribed a $1,000 therefore the members of the Government were members of the Pó Léung Kuk.

WORK DONE BY THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK.

6. However irregularly constituted, it must be admitted that the members of the so-called Pó Léung Kuk Committee and the Tung Wah Hospital have done good service in the suppression and detection of kidnapping, in finding food and shelter for women and children, and in assisting the Registrar General in the investigation of cases referred to them.) The somewhat wild expressions in the second paragraph, of page vii, of the Report drafted by the Chairman, about thousands of women and girls rescued, thousands of destitutes cared for, thousands of persons restored to their relatives, are in my opinion simply words and nothing more. There is no evidence of the number of persons passing through the hands of the Society from 1878 to 1888. · The accounts shew but a small

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expenditure during those years. The returns for 4 years to the 31st December, 1891, shew a gross total of but 2,751 persons in all passing under the care of the Pó Léung Kuk. The thanks of the Government and the Community are due to the Chinese gentlemen who, in spite of the apathy and indifference of the great mass of the Chinese population and of great want of support, have carried on the good work from year to year, and to the Tung Wah Hospital for the accommodation afforded the Pó Léung Kuk, as well as for the pecuniary assistance without which the Pó Léung Kuk must have died of inanition.

7. One word more with reference to the subscriptions in 1892 to the funds of the Pó Léung Kuk. I have no evidence before me to shew how much, if any, of these subscriptions have been paid up or in whose custody they are. One witness thought that a portion had been paid up, and that it was in the custody of the Tung Wah Hospital. The Pó Léung Kuk, although required by their rules to appoint Trustees of their funds, have evidently not done so.

Question 1.

Whether it is advisable to give the Society a legal status.

8. I do not quite understand what is meant by this question. The Society, so far as there is a real society, has a legal status in so far as any unincorporated society can have. If the question is, should it have a more formal and definite organization and position than it has now I say unhesitatingly, Yes.

9. I am of opinion that the Pó Léung Kuk properly organized may be made most useful. I recommend its incorporation by Ordinance. It is a less circuitous and less expensive method of giving the Society a corporate existence than by registration under the Companies Ordinances, and the procedure by Bill enables the Government to exercise a more effective control over the organization and working of the Society, and a more complete power of improvement or suppression.

Question 2.

A. Whether provision should be made for such status in a Bill similar to that under discussion or~B. Whether, as suggested by the Secretary of State ten years ago, the Society should be formed under the Companies' Act of 1865 and its rules and organization formally approved by the Local Government.

10. I have already said I approve of and recommend that any reorganization of the Pó Léung Kuk should be by Ordinance, but so far as the Bill before the Council is concerned I think it too indefinite. It does not make adequate provision, or suitable provision, for the constitution of the Society, its government, or its working.

11. As the result of the evidence given before us and of the discussions between the members of the Committee, I am of opinion, with Dr. EITEL, a most invaluable witness, that under proper control the Pó Léung Kuk can render very valuable service in detect- ing and bringing to justice kidnappers and other offenders against women and children. I adopt his words "that none but a Committee of respectable Chinese residents can "effectively and safely grapple with the shades of difference between kidnapping and 'selling and cope with the tricks of Chinese kidnappers and Chinese anti-kidnapping "detectives." I therefore recommend the conservation of that portion of the original scheme of the Pó Léung Kuk, but with more effective safeguards than at present.

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12. The Ordinance should empower them to retain and pay detectives, these de- tectives should be sworn in as, and have all the powers of constables, their honesty and fidelity should be guaranteed by Bonds given by the Pó Léụng Kuk, and the Society should be answerable in damages for any wrongful acts of their constables. They should report to the Society and to the Registrar General as their immediate chief. They should be required to lodge all persons arrested or detained forthwith with the Police. These

1

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were in the main the provisions of the scheme originally sketched out in 1878 by Mr. J. J. FRANCIS, Q.C. (see appendix 39) and it is a matter of regret that they were lost sight of.

13. I agree that the services of the Pó Léung Kuk are most valuable in affording food, clothing, and shelter for rescued women and children and destitutes and in co- operating with the Government by correspondence and other means in making enquiries, and in providing by marriage or otherwise for people who cannot be restored to home or friends; but the Ordinance by which they are incorporated should provide definitely for the preparation of a suitable office for the Society, and for a suitable home for the rescued females, for the custody and proper management of the funds, and for proper accounts to be publicly audited. The essential provisions on these points should appear in the Ordinance, or complete incorporation should be postponed until a house has been secured and the Rules and Regulations of the Society, adequately providing for these points, have been submitted to and certified by the Government.

14. I disapprove entirely of the constitution of the Society as provided for by the Ordinance. Annual subscriptions should be substituted for the one subscription now entitling to membership, for in no other way can the membership be reliably maintained at a level. There may be life memberships of course in addition. Annual subscriptions, however small, will help to maintain popular interest in the movement.

15. I most strongly deprecate the inclusion of the Registrar General in the govern- ing body of the Pó Léung Kuk. He must have in all respects the final and decisive word in all dealings by the Society with women and girls entrusted to its care. He should be entirely outside it, and above it, and should not be mixed up in the debates and discussions of the members of Committee. The Registrar General has in the past exercised a most valuable and effective control over the proceedings of the Pó Léung Kuk. It is very clear from the evidence given by Mr. WAI YUK, and by other Chinese witnesses examined (see pages 17, 18, 23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 35, 38, 39, 41, 129, &c.,) that in proposing that the Registrar General should be a member of the Committee, they would in certain matters be able to place him in a minority and overrule him. This would be an unbecoming position for any high officer of the Government, and an impossible position for the officer specially charged with the protection of women and girls by Ordinance No. 11 of 1890. As regards our relations with the Chinese Author- ities on the mainland it would involve the danger of the Acts of the Pó Léung Kuk being identified with the acts of the Government. (See page 141-the Honourable HO KAI's question No. 4.)

The

16. I am of opinion that the double Committee will only lead to confusion. object to be attained is apparently the retention of old and experienced men in the governing body. There should be one strong Committee elected for six years and renewed in part each year by the retirement of two members and the re-election of others in their place. There will thus be experienced men at all times on the Committee. working Sub-Committee can well be formed out of the members of the Committee if need be.

A

17. I recommend therefore under this head the amendment of the present Bill :-

1. By making an annual subscription the condition of membership. Life

memberships being provided for.

2. By vesting the Government of the Society in a General Committee of twelve with power to appoint sub-Committees. The members to be elected for six years and to be renewed by the retirement of two each year and the re-election of new, not of the same men.

3. The removal of the Registrar General from the Committee. There is no objection (and it would perhaps be desirable for many reasons) that the Honourable member who represents the Chinese in the Legislative Coun- cil should be ex officio President or Chairman of the Committee.

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4. The institution of the Registrar General as Visitor and Inspector. As such all appointments of detectives, all alterations in Rules and Regulations, all dispositions of women and children would need his sanction, and there should be an appeal from his decision to the Governor in Council.

5. By embodying in the Ordinance all essential Rules and Regulations, or postponing incorporation under it until such rules are duly certified and published.

6. By providing for the cessation of the Society in the event of membership

falling below a certain figure for a definite time.

7. By making special provision for detectives as above set forth.

Question 3.

Whether it is in any sense as suggested by the Honourable T. H. Whitehead a "Secret Society.".

18. In the sense in which I have explained myself in appendix No. 46, and in which His Excellency the Governor evidently understood me, there was about the pro- ceedings of the Society an undesirable amount of secrecy, and the provisions suggested by the Governor in his speech of the 25th April, 1892, ought to be introduced into any Bill to be passed.

Question 4.

Whether any of the subscriptions have been obtained by "pressure" or "order"

as asserted by the same Honourable member.

19. My opinion on this point has already been expressed in the paragraph headed "Origin and History of the Society."

Question 5.

Whether some of the Runners are disreputable and squeeze as suggested by a member of the Police Force.

20. There has been no proof that the Runners are more disreputable, or squeeze more or less than the same class of men in the Government service, but there are evidently very strong impressions on the subject.

21. A provision in the Ordinance that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives shall be gua- ranteed by the Society and secured, and that they shall be approved by the Registrar General will, with the greater publicity given to the proceedings of the Society, remedy all this so far as it is capable of being remedied.

Question 6.

Whether a grant not exceeding $20,000 should be made by the Government or whether it would not be preferable to hand over the block of houses situated in New Street, including the first floor and the site, to the Society instead of making

them a grant in money.

22. In reply to this question I beg to call attention to the fact that by the provisions of Ordinance No. 11 of 1890, the Government is required to provide a home for women and girls out of the public revenue, The section reads

"It shall be lawful for the Governor in Council, out of moneys to be provided "by the Legislative Council for that purpose, to provide a suitable building "or buildings for the purposes of temporarily housing and maintaining 'women and girls detained under the provisions of this part of the "Ordinance and as the Asylum for them during such detention."

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23. It seems to me therefore that the Government cannot well refuse to make some grant to the Pó Léung Kuk for the establishment of a suitable building. I find from appendix No. 11 that

“The Pó Léung Kuk, which came into existence in 1880, had no Home of its

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"own. A portion of the Chinese Recreation Ground was granted to the Society early in its career, but this grant was subsequently cancelled by "order of the Secretary of State. By permission of the Tung Wah "Hospital management, the Pó Léung Kuk was allowed to occupy part "of the Tung Wah Hospital, where there were no arrangements for the "separation of the older from the younger girls, and no attempt at "education, and where the girls were, not unnaturally, cause of annoyance "to the Tung Wah Hospital patients. Complaints were received from "the Tung Wah Hospital on this subject, and a request made to have the "girls moved to some more suitable place. This led to a suggestion "being made by the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk and other influential "Chinese that a Home should be erected by the Government and main- "tained by private charity.

"Five Chinese houses were accordingly erected near St. Stephen's Church in "accordance with plans which the Pó Léung Kuk Committee had seen, "and which, it was understood, they approved. The houses consisted "of 3 stories, the upper story being intended for a Home, and the two "lower stories for shops and tenements. The top story was so constructed "as to provide accommodation for 20 women and 30 girls in 2 day rooms "and 3 bed rooms.

»

"The cost of building these houses was $8,000; the land on which they stand

"was valued at about $12,000.

"There seems to have been some misunderstanding with regard to the rents "to be derived from the lower floors, the Pó Léung Kuk Committee "thinking that they were to go towards the maintenance of the Home, "while the Government decided that they were to be paid into the "Treasury.

When the buildings had been completed the Pó Léung Kuk objected to move "into them, because they considered them unsuitable, and because, having "no funds available for their maintenance, they did not wish to sever "their connection with the Tung Wah Hospital, which had hitherto "supplied the Society with a Home and funds.'

""

24. I recommend therefore that in consideration of the fact that the Pó Léung Kuk have raised upwards of $30,000 (see appendix No. 27) during last year, by subscription from the Chinese in aid of the Society, that the said lands and block of houses, situated in New Street above referred to, be handed over to the Pó Léung Kuk as a free gift to be disposed of by them as they may think fit for the benefit of the Society.

25. I think this course preferable to a grant of money at the present time and when it is remembered that the Government has already expended public money in the pre- paration of the site and in the construction of the above block of houses.

Question 7.

Whether the proceedings, Books, Buildings, &c., of the Society should not at all times be made accessible to Justices of the Peace, Magistrates, and others.

26. Yes, most certainly. It is of the very first importance.

>

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Question 8.

Whether the last clause of the Bill should not be omitted altogether.

27. No. It should be retained. The detectives so lent to remain under the author- ity of the Captain Superintendent of Police, and to be simply set apart for the special duty.

Question 9.

Whether in any case a suspending clause should not be attached to the Ordinance.

28. Yes, certainly.

29. I would earnestly suggest that nothing further should be done in connection with the Pó Léung Kuk or with the bill for its incorporation now before the Council, until such time as the whole of the evidence taken before the Committee and these reports and recommendations have been forwarded to and considered by the Right Honourable, The Secretary of State for the Colonies.

The Honourable

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

(Signed)

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman, Committee of Enquiry,

in re The Pó Léung Kuk Society.

FIRST MEETING

OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO INVESTIGATE CERTAIN POINTS CONNECTED WITH

THE PÓ LEUNG KUK SOCIETY.

Held in the Council Chamber, 12th May, 1892.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, (Registrar General), Chairman.

"}

F. H. MAY, (Acting Colonial Treasurer).

C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

The Chairman read a letter* from the Honourable the Colonial Secretary, No. 736, dated 28th April, 1892, stating that His Excellency the Governor had been pleased to appoint him to be Chairman of a Special Committee consisting of the Honourable Acting Colonial Treasurer, the Honourable C. P. CHATER, the Honourable Ho KAI, the Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD and himself for the purpose of investigating certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk presently before the Legislative Council.

The Chairman also read letters† from Mr. FRANCIS, Q.C., and Messrs. WOTTON and DEACON, Solicitors, asking to be allowed to appear before the Committee on behalf of the Pó Léung Kuk. A discussion ensued as to the status and powers of the Special Committee, and it was decided that the Chairman should address the Government in order to ascertain definitely what the status and powers of the Special Committee are.

It was also decided to apply to the Government for the services of a Secretary and a Short-hand writer.

The Committee adjourned until Thursday, the 26th May, at 2.30 P.M.

Read and confirmed this 26th day of May, 1892.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

* See Appendix 1.

† See Appen lix 2.

(2)

SECOND MEETING

OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO ENQUIRE INTO CERTAIN POINTS CONNECTED WITH THE PÓ LEUNG KUK SOCIETY.

Held on the 26th May, 1892.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, (Registrar General), Chairman.

})

F. H. MAY, (Acting Colonial Treasurer).

C. P. CHATER.

Η ΚΑΙ.

""

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

""

The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed.

The Chairman read a letter addressed by him to the Colonial Secretary and the Colonial Secretary's reply thereto, with reference to the status and powers of the Special Committee.*

The Committee considered what mode of procedure should be adopted by them in conducting the inquiry, and a discussion ensued.

The Honourable Mr. CHATER stated that, as he was entirely unacquainted with the details and interior working of the Pó Léung Kuk, he should be glad to have some information on the subject. He would, therefore, recommend that, before proceeding to consider the other points referred to them, the Committee should inquire into the working of the Society.

The Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD also declared himself to be unacquainted with the details and interior working of the Society and desirous of obtaining information regarding it before dealing with any of the other points of inquiry.

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI considered that the Committee should, in the first instance, investigate the charges which had been made against the Society, as that appeared to him the fairest mode of inquiry and one in accordance with the practice usual in such .matters.

The Honourable Mr. MAY agreed with the Honourable Dr. Ho Kai.

A discussion then ensued with regard to the charges against the Society, when the Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD stated that the charges were a bagatelle when compared with the important principles involved in the Ordinance proposed for the incorporation of the Society, principles repugnant to the aims and spirit of our constitution, and that, when he had called the Pó Léung Kuk a Chinese Secret Society, he had not meant that it was a Secret Society such as is liable to be dealt with by the Ordinance against Secret Societies, and that he would explain more fully, later on, what meaning he had intended to convey by the words he had used. He also stated that he had never brought any charge against the Pó Léung Kuk Society of obtaining subscriptions improperly by 'pressure' or 'order,' that he had not used the words 'pressure' and 'order,' but had meant to refer to the influence of the Registrar General with regard to such subscriptions as narrated in the attached correspondence.†

The CHAIRMAN inquired whether any of the members of the Committee knew who the member of the Police Force was, referred to in point 5 of the subjects of inquiry as having suggested that the runners of the Society are disreputable and squeeze, and was informed that none of the members knew to whom reference was made.

The Honourable HO KAI moved that His Excellency the Governor be asked to name the Police Officer who made the suggestion, and remarked that it was only fair that this should be done.

!

* See Appendix 3.

† See Appendix 4.

( 3 )

The CHAIRMAN then remarked that Mr. WHITEHEAD having stated that he had never accused the Pó Léung Kuk of obtaining subscriptions improperly and that he had never meant to accuse the Pó Léung Kuk Society of being a Secret Society or a Society such as the Triad Society, or a Society liable to be dealt with under the Secret Societies Ordinance, there were no charges for the Committee to inquire into so far as points 3 and 4 were concerned. Under the circumstances it might be as well to adopt the mode of inquiry recommended by the Honourable Mr. CHATER and supported by the Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD, viz., to inquire into the working of the Society before proceeding to consider the other points referred to the Committee.

The Honourable Dr. Ho KAI said that, in view of the different aspect given to the charges by the explanation of the Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD, he had now no objection to the working of the Society being considered first.

It was accordingly decided to inquire into the working of the Society before proceeding to consider the other points of inquiry.

The Committee then considered the question of admitting to their Meetings Counsel on behalf of the Pó Léung Kuk.

The Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD remarked that the Pó Léung Kuk's case must be a bad one, if it required for its defence or prosecution the aid and pleading of the leading Solicitors and Queen's Counsel in the Colony.

!

The Honourable Ho KAI said that it was no wonder that the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk should have retained Counsel, seeing what grave charges had been preferred against them.

After some discussion it was agreed that the Solicitor who had addressed the Committee on this point, on behalf of the Pó Léung Kuk, should be informed that, if the absence of Counsel is likely to affect adversely the interests of the Society, the Committee will inform the Pó Léung Kuk, so that the Society may be represented by Counsel.

The Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD objected to the Society being represented by Counsel under any circumstances.

The Committee considered the question of admitting representatives of the Press to their meetings.

The Honourable Mr. MAY, the Honourable Mr. CHATER, and the Honourable Dr. HO KAI voted against their admission on the grounds that, as the proceedings before the Committee would be taken down by a shorthand writer and ultimately published along with the Committee's report, they did not consider it would serve any useful purpose to have their proceedings made public while their inquiries were being made.

The Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD voted for their admission.

The CHAIRMAN did not vote.

The majority of the Committee not being in favour of the admission to their meetings of representatives of the Press, it was decided not to admit them.

The Committee also decided not to admit to their meetings members of the public. The CHAIRMAN suggested that witnesses should be invited to attend their next meeting and the Honourable Mr. CHATER promised to furnish names of Europeans whose evidence he thought might be of use to the Committee and who might be requested to attend.

The Honourable Mr. WHITEHEAD requested that the Committee might be furnished with statements of revenue and expenditure since the foundation of the Society.

The CHAIRMAN stated he would be glad to give all the information he possessed regarding the working of the Society and promised to circulate among members of the Committee before the next meeting examples of the cases which came before the Pó Léung Kuk Committee together with any other information the Committee might desire.

The Committee adjourned till Thursday, the 9th June, at 3 P.M. Read and confirmed this 16th day of June, 1892.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

( 4 )

THIRD MEETING

OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO ENQUIRE INTO CERTAIN POINTS CONNECTED WITH

THE PÓ LEUNG KUK SOCIETY.

Held at the Council Chamber, June 16th, 1892.

!

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, (Registrar General), Chairman.

""

F. H. MAY, (Acting Colonial Treasurer).

3

??

""

C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

The minutes of the last meeting were read and, having been amended, were confirmed.

The Chairman then said :-Gentlemen, I think I had better tell you briefly what has taken place since the last meeting, so that it can be placed on record. Since the last meeting the following documents have been circulated :-

1. Draft Minutes of Meeting held 26th May.

2. Correspondence with Colonial Secretary respecting member of Police Force.* 3. Receipts and Expenditure of Pó Léung Kuk from 1880 to 1891. † t 4. Summary of six cases illustrating the working of the Pó Léung Kuk. ‡ ·

5. Return of cases, brought at the instigation of the Pó Léung Kuk, in which

there were convictions, from 1st January 1891 to 31st May 1892. §

6. Case of LAU TS'OI LIN. ||

7. Case tried on the 15th inst. T

Invitations to attend the Meeting to-day were sent to Messrs. Ho FOOK, LAU WAI-CH'ÜN, LEUNG P'UI CHI, WONG SHING, WAI AYUK on the 15th inst.

All these papers, gentlemen, have been circulated among you, and it has been my object, during the interval which has elapsed since the last meeting, to furnish you, from time 'to time, with any cases that have occurred so that you may see for yourselves how the Society does its work in detecting kidnapping and bringing the offenders to justice. I do not think you can have a better example of the working of the Society than the cases that happen to occur at the time and are not selected, and since we have met we have had cases of that kind which I have circulated among you. I have also taken upon myself the responsibility of asking Mr. MCCALLUM, the Sanitary Superintendent, to visit the Home where the girls are now housed, in order that we may have his opinion on the sanitary conditions of that building, and I have received from him a reply. I only received it this morning so I have not been able to circulate it among members, but, as it is a short one, I will now read it. ††

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have any cases of death resulted to these girls?

The CHAIRMAN.-There have been very few cases, I believe.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.- From contagious disease?

* See Appendix 5.

See Appendix 7.

t

Do.

15.

§

Do.

6.

ti

Il

Do.

8.

See Appendix 9.

Do.

10.

(5)

The CHAIRMAN.-Nothing

-Nothing has occurred of that nature. One or two little girls have died from ordinary infantile diseases, but it is difficult to state whether they had not previously contracted the disease outside. It is not difficult to say, however, that the present Home is not the best place you could select for the housing of young girls. is a point, however, that we can consider later on.

That

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Perhaps it would be well if Mr. MCCALLUM could also report upon the building which has been specially put up for them.

The CHAIRMAN.-Certainly, though I don't think there would be much sanitary objection to that building..

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-On whose recommendation was it that it was erected? Can you give us a history of that building ?

The CHAIRMAN.-I can get you the history* by next meeting, and the particulars you require, such, I suppose, as "What did it cost?" "Did the Government buy the land, &c."

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-We want also a report similar to that read just now from Mr. MCCALLUM as to its suitability from a sanitary point of view.

Honourable Ho KAI.-What about the letter in answer to our enquiry for the name of the member of the Police Force who gave information to the Government with reference to the Pó Léung Kuk?

The CHAIRMAN.-It has been circulated to members, and, I suppose, we may take it as read.† (The Members signified their assent). If you wish to make any remarks upon it you are at liberty to do so. It is before us now for discussion.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I wish to state that I think it is very unfair for any body, whether he be a high official or an ordinary person, to make any charges, in the Council or out of the Council, against the members of the Pó Léung Kuk, without subsequently being able to prove them by naming the person who gave that information, or of giving to the members of the Pó Léung Kuk or its committee the opportunity of seeking satisfaction from the man who gave the information. I think that it is an abuse of the privileges that we have as members of Council and also as public men, to come and state things publicly against a body of men, or against any individual,—stating that our information came from undoubted authority and giving the public a false idea and the impression that the information was undoubted, and causing them to believe that something very wrong did actually occur without being able to give the name of the person who has given the information, or to bring him before this Committee for examination.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You refer to the charge which has been made by the police?

stated

Honourable Ho KAI-Yes, and also to the charges which you made, when you you had been informed also by undoubted authority that money had been obtained under influence, or something of that sort.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It is admitted in enclosure No. 1 of the report the Registrar General on a Petition from the Pó Léung Kuk Society, laid before the Legislative Council, by command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 14th March 1892, if you will refer to my letters to the Government which have been published.

The CHAIRMAN.-This question is not before the Committee.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I am speaking now on charge 5 which refers to the member of the police who is said to have given information. I speak on point 5, but at the same time

my remarks equally apply to point 4-as that charge has been preferred against the

* See Appendix 11.

† See Appendix 5.

See Appendix 27.

(6)

Society. I am speaking against the practice of people stating in public that they were informed by certain persons, or persons of undoubted authority, that such and such a thing happened and such and such a thing was done by individuals or bodies of individuals, and yet when you ask them to name the informers or whether they know it of their own knowledge, they come forward and simply say "Oh, I don't know this of my own knowledge, but I have been informed confidentially, and I refuse to give the name of the person." I think that is very unfair, and, as a member of this Committee and as a gentleman, I protest against this action on the part of (I suppose, in this case) the police authority.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Who was that?

Honourable Ho KAI.-I don't know.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Who made the statement ?

Honourable HO KAI.-I think the Governor himself stated it.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I propose that the Committee reply to that that, as this is an anonymous charge, they would prefer to be relieved of the duty of investigating it. I don't know that we are supposed to enquire into such charges.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I think the statement is referred to in the Governor's speech.

The CHAIRMAN.-It is included in the list of charges contained in the letter of the Colonial Secretary to the Committee.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--It was mentioned in the speech I think.

The CHAIRMAN.-Yes.

Honourable Ho KAI.-In the Governor's speech he mentioned the name of Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD in connection with charges 3 and 4. He did not give the name of the police authority referred to in charge 5. That I consider very unfair.

The CHAIRMAN.-Gentlemen, do you agree to Mr. MAY's motion.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-No, I don't think so. Here is a statement from the highest authority in the Colony. He has made a statement to the effect that he has received certain information with regard to the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk being addicted to squeezing. Upon that he writes us an official letter, and asks us to investigate this charge also. I don't think it is for us to turn round and say that "having asked you as to who preferred the charge, and you having declined to give us the man's name, we will not investigate it." I don't think we are right in so doing.

The CHAIRMAN.-How do you propose to investigate it?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-In the best way we can. We might summon the Captain Superintendent of Police and ask him.

Honcurable Ho KAI (to Mr. CHATER).-As an Englishman and as a fair minded man of business and a man of the world can you possibly investigate a charge--although made by the highest authority in the Colony or in all England-if, when brought face to face with the person making the charge, he won't give the name of his informant or

witnesses?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-In every Colony, I believe, and in every Government there is such a thing as secret information given to those who govern, who can make use of it for the good of the Colony.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Yes, the information may not appear before the public, but it must be before the Judge, and we, sitting here as a Committee, are the judges of these charges, and no secret information can be kept away from the Judge in all Courts of law.

* See Appendix 29.

(7)

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The information is not kept away, only the name of the informer. That information has been given you cannot possibly doubt, because the Governor stated so in his speech. The name of the man who made the charge is of no object to you.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I think, Mr. CHATER, that it is of great importance. It is a guarantee of the bona fides of the charge. Any man according to that might go to the Governor and tell him anything he liked, that I for instance am favouring certain people in the discharge of my official duties.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I think you are rather too Conservative, Mr. CHATER.

The CHAIRMAN.-Perhaps we might now take the evidence of the gentlemen who have been invited to attend and who are waiting, and this point might come up again.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-We can get the information probably by going to the head of the Police. We have it from the Governor himself that the information was given by a member of the police.

The CHAIRMAN.-When Mr. HORSPOOL was acting as Captain Superintendent of the Police, and after I had received this letter from the Colonial Secretary, I asked him unofficially whether he knew the member of the Force who had given this information, and he said no.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-What does the Colonial Secretary say?

The CHAIRMAN.—I have only got his letter. Perhaps we had better let the matter stand over until later on.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I must say that I do not think it is fair on the Pó Léung Kuk to take the word of an anonymous person or of anybody who does not prove the charges he makes.

The Committee then agreed to take the evidence of the gentlemen who had been invited to attend.

Mr. WONG SHING called.

The CHAIRMAN.-Are you a member of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-No. I was the Chairman of the Tung Wa Hospital six years ago. The Pó Léung Kuk, I remember, was short of money at the time and the Tung Wa Hospital paid it $3,000 towards the support of those poor girls. Dr. STEWART (then Colonial Secretary) told me that the Pó Léung Kuk was doing work which properly belonged to the Government, but they were doing it better, and the Government ought to support it. I think the Government did assist the Pó Léung Kuk with $1,000. I only went to Dr. STEWART because the Pó Léung Kuk had been to the Tung Wa Hospital for support.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Has the Tung Wa Hospital been giving $3,000 a year towards the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.-Yes, to support these girls.

The CHAIRMAN.--You don't know the exact amount do you?

A.-No.

The CHAIRMAN.-Is it not got through the Man Mò Temple, or is it through the Tung Wa Hospital ?

A.-I don't know.

The CHAIRMAN.-Are you merely talking of the year in which you were president of the Hospital?

A.-Yes.

( 8 )

The CHAIRMAN.-How long have you known the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--I heard of it in San Francisco.

Q.-Have you known it since?

A. Yes.

good?

-What is your opinion with regard to its work? Do you think it has done

A.—It has done a great deal of good in rescuing poor women and children from being kidnapped and taken away to become prostitutes.

Q.-What do you think the result would be without the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. That is what I spoke to Dr. STEWART about. He said that the business of the Pó Léung Kuk would fall on the Government, but that the Government could not do it so well. I can fully confirm that opinion.

Q. Are the Chinese Community in favour of the Society?

A.-Most of them are strongly in favour of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.-Are some of them not in favour of it?

A.-I think so.

-Who are these people?

A.—Well, you see, some of the Chinese have got more than one wife, whom they call concubines, and most of these concubines come from houses of ill fame, and those persons, I think, try to buy young girls and keep them and feed them until they grow up, and then try to sell them and send them away.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.---The concubines of the Chinese ?

A. Yes.

Q.-Those are the Chinese who are against the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How many are there?

A.-I don't know.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Do they aid and abet their concubines in doing these

things?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have you been a member of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk.

A.-No.

Q.--Do the members, when they meet, sit in private, or is any one else present? A.-They generally have a meeting in the evening in their own office of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.-Privately?

A.-Any one can attend-I suppose so.

Q.-You don't know?

A.-No.

Q.-You have not been at any of these meetings?

A.-No.

(9)

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You said you heard of the Pó Léung Kuk in San Francisco. How long ago is that?

A.-It was in 1880 or 1881.

The CHAIRMAN.-The Society was only founded in 1880. Honourable C. P. CHATER.-How did you hear of it?

A.-A subscription paper was sent to San Francisco.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you seen the draft Bill for the incorporation of the Society? A.-No, I have not read it.

*

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I suppose the Pó Léung Kuk is a well known institution in Hongkong?

A. Yes.

Q.-The outside public take a great interest in it ?

A. Yes, certainly.

Q.-Does the Committee furnish any annual report for the information of sub-

scribers ?

A. Yes, I think so.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have you any idea how many members there are in the Society?

A.-There are eight or ten on the Committee.

Q.-But members of the Society?

A.-I don't know.

Q.-There may

be 50 or 100?

A.-There may be that. I think it is a rule that any one who subscribes $10 becomes a life member.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-The subscriptions appear to me to be very small.

A. Yes. They are very small.

They are not enough to support the Society, and that is why the Tung Wa Hospital has to pay for it.

Q.-If the Society is so well known and does so much good how is it that the subscriptions are not larger? You would think that such a society would be helped by large subscriptions?

+

A.-You see, it detects many cases of kidnapping and protects the poor women and children. As soon as they come down from Canton to Hongkong they are stopped and many people lose their money. Some of the girls they have to pay $400 for, and if two or three of them are stopped, they lose $1,000.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Those men don't subscribe ?

A.-No.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-How many subscribers do you think there are ? A.-I don't know.

Q.-Have you any idea how many there were during the year that you were Pre- sident of the Tung Wa Hospital?

A.-No.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have you ever subscribe yourself to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I forget whether I have or not.

* See Appendix 28.

( 10 )

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You are convinced that the Society has done and is doing a great deal of good work?

A. Yes.

Q.-Don't you think that it would be best for it to continue to do this good?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you think that by passing this Ordinance it would better its position in any shape or form?

A.-I have not read the Ordinance, so I don't know.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you know how many employees the Society has?

A.-Only a few.

Q.-How many?

A.-I think there is a book-keeper, two or three men in the Office, and two or three detectives.

Q.-Have you ever heard that the detectives squeeze ?

A.-Well, sometimes complaints are made that the detectives have squeezed.

People say that money was paid to them and that then they let the girls go, and that if they would not pay they would arrest the girls. But then many of these reports be false, and the Pó Léung Kuk Committee have tried to find out as well as they

may

could.

Q.-Have the Committee ever discovered any one of their detectives squeezing?

A.-When I was on the Committee of the Hospital I heard of none of these things.

Q.-They were never able to trace or prove one case ?

A.-No.

Q.- --What control has the Society over the detectives?

A.—The detective is under the Committee of the Society.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Have you ever heard of the members of the Hongkong Police Force squeezing?

A.-Yes, sometimes.

Mr. WAI YUK next called.

The CHAIRMAN.--Are you acquainted with the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--I am.

Q.--How long have you known it?

A.-I have known it since it was started fourteen or fifteen years ago.

It com-

menced at GIBB LIVINGSTONE's old office. Messrs. LEUNG ON, FUNG MING-SHÁN and

others were the movers.

Q.--You have been acquainted with the Society since it was founded?

A.-Yes, because I remember I was invited to subscribe $10.

Q.--Did you subscribe?

A.-Yes.

Q.--Then you are a member?

A.--Yes.

(11)

--What is your opinion of the Society?

A.--I think it is one of the most useful Societies ever founded in the Far East. It does very good benevolent work.

Q.--You think that it has done good benevolent work?

A.--Yes, in preventing kidnapping and protecting women and children. The. Society comes forward and rescues them from a great many evils and vices. It is a Society which, I should think, the English nation or any other nation would be proud to have.

Q.--What views do the Chinese take?

A.--One and all are in favour of it.

--You don't think that any of the Chinese community are opposed to it?

A.--Only those aiding and abetting evil doers in Hongkong. No man who is doing charitable work will disagree with it.

Q.--Then the Chinese are in favour of it?

A.--Greatly in favour.

Q.-Have you read this Ordinance (new draft Ordinance produced) ? *

A.—I have read part of it.

Q.--You see the Ordinance intends to put into legal shape what is being actually done at present?

A.--Whether you put it into legal shape or not the Society is going on in the same style as laid down in the Ordinance.

Q.--This Bill is really introducing nothing new?

A.-Nothing new to me.

Q.-You are a Justice of the Peace.

A.--Yes, I have been one for more than 10 years.

Q. Where were you born?

A.-In Hongkong.

Q.--You are a British subject?

A. Yes. I was born in 1849 and I have only lived out of Hongkong six years when I went to England.

-You are Compradore of the Mercantile Bank ?

A.-Yes.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You told us just now that the Society has done and is doing a great deal of good work which we admit, and that the proposed Ordinance does not give anything more than you actually have to-day?

A.-Not that I know of.

Q.-And that even if the Ordinance were passed, it would not be placing you in any better position than you are to-day in doing good for these poor children?

right.

A.-Either one way or another the Chinese would go on doing what they think is

* See Appendix 28.

:

MM

( 12 )

The CHAIRMAN.-Was it not the desire of the Chinese that they should have a recognised status ?

A.-(To the CHAIRMAN). You must know all about it. The Chinese come to you and want your guidance and protection. The Chinese have no faith in what they themselves do. If you did not take up the matter, no one would dare to carry on the work as it is. If the Registrar General does not look after what is lawful and what is right, the Society would be accused of being a Triad Society or something of that sort. They are trying to do the best for the Colony, and that is all. We have seen lately, in a great many papers, that it has been called a Secret Society.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.—That will be quite explained. A.-I know that the Chinese are greatly hurt by the word.

Q.-What the Society is doing is perfectly legal, otherwise we should have had the directors brought to the Police Court. The Registrar General is always consulted in all matters to keep you straight, if possible, on legal points?

A. Yes, that is so.

Q.--That being so, do you think there is any necessity for the present Ordinance outside of voting money?

A.-I think the Ordinance would put the Society in better form and on a better footing in a legal sense. But whether you have this Ordinance or not, the Chinese are simply acting as well as they can, and they want to point out that they don't wish the public to give them a bad name. They were charged by this name "Secret Society, so we are in favour of the present Ordinance.

-Would it make any difference to the good you are doing to-day if that Ordinance were not passed? I am not alluding to the vote of money yet. Would it make any difference to the Society?

A. We would rather have the Ordinance. We want this Ordinance to put the Society on a better footing and save all future disputes or charges, false charges.

Q.-Is the present building where these unfortunate women are kept suitable for

them?

A.-No. We have often petitioned the Government, and the Government said "We have no funds at present."

Q.- -You get your subscriptions from the members?

A.-Certainly.

Q.-$10 a year

?

A.--$10 is for life.

Q. How many members are there?

A.-I cannot tell you.

Q. How do you maintain the establishment?

A.-The Tung Wa Hospital has spent more than $2,000 from its funds every year until they are unable to pay. The Tung Wa Hospital expects to be relieved of it.

Q.-Have you seen the new building which has been erected?

A. Yes.

Q.--Is it suitable ?

A.-No, it is not suitable.

Q.-Why?

A.-It is so high. who is to protect them. anything to happen.

Suppose a fire happens, who is to take care of these girls, and And you must know that, in that locality, you may expect

( 13 )

not?

Q.-If the place were altered would it be suitable ?

A.-No.

Q.-You mean to say that it is not possible to make it suitable for the purpose ?

A.-No.

Honourable Ho KAI.-The place is built after the fashion of Chinese shops, is it

A. Yes, I think so.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have you gone through the building ?

A.--Yes.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Was not the principal objection to it the fact that the lower portion was to be rented as shops?

A. Yes. I said that it was a great risk.

The CHAIRMAN.With regard to the Ordinance, you have seen that it is proposed, in that Ordinance, to have a permanent Committee, and an elective Committee. That is a slight difference from what has taken place hitherto,

A. Yes.

Q.-The working Committee have merely had old members of the Society who have helped them?

A. Yes.

-Do you think it would be a good system to have a permanent Committee?

A. Yes, I think so. A.-Yes,

You may have very good men to look after the affair, but some of them perhaps are very unwilling to serve in case anything happens. If it is every body's business it is nobody's business, and it is better to have a certain class of men, whom the Government have confidence in, to act as a permanent Committee.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Can you give us an imaginary case of when a girl is sent to the Pó Léung Kuk? What happens? What is the mode of procedure? What takes place ?

A.-I was never on the Committee.

.-Who are members of the Committee?

A.-My brother is one.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You never went to the Committee?

A.-No. I cannot devote my time to it. It takes a long time to arrive at the truth in cases sent to the Pó Léung Kuk, for the girls are coached and tell many lies. The directors simply ask the persons who are brought before them to tell the truth and promise to hand the girls back to their friends. I have known them sit sometimes from 7 o'clock in the evening until 1 o'clock in the morning.

Q.-You know where the girls are housed at present?

A. Yes.

Q.-Is it suitable?

A.-No.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you think it is a proper thing to have young girls and old girls living together in the same rooms?

A.--I think not. I think some of those girls who are bad should be kept separate, as they often by their talk make the younger ones bad also.

( 14 )

Q.-There is no means of separating them now?

A.-No I think not, but I have not been there for a long time.

Q. When you were there last, were they separated ?

A.-No.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-From the information you received from your brother you state that the directors sometimes sit from seven in the evening until one o'clock in the morning. Do they all sit thus, or does one individual?

A.-I don't know.

The CHAIRMAN.—They make their enquiries at night and two at least have to sign a letter which they send to me in reporting any case.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Do they investigate it together?

The CHAIRMAN.-Yes, generally more than two.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD (to witness).-Have they ever found out the detectives squeezing or extracting money from women? Have the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk ever been able to charge one of their detectives with squeezing? Has there ever been a case?

A.-Never to my knowledge.

Q.-You have never heard of it?

A. I have never heard of a case.

too, you know, but there is no proof.

There is talk of ordinary detectives squeezing

Honourable Ho KAI.-You don't know of a case in which it was proved against any detective of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-No. If they are suspected they are dismissed.

The CHAIRMAN.--You know that the Pó Léung Kuk applied to the Government for a grant of money

A.-My brother told me so.

-As a member of the Chinese community what are your views on that?

A.-I think the Government ought to give them as much as they can. They do

a good deal for the Government in protecting their Chinese citizens, and the Chinese contribute the greater portion of taxation to the Government. This is not a Society that works for its own ends but for the Chinese residents in Hongkong and from the out-ports.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-A great many of the Chinese who come from China-from Canton and elsewhere-are brought here for the purpose of being shipped away somewhere else. Don't you think that it is the duty of the Government of China rather than the Government of Hongkong to support this Society?

A. I have no experience of the Chinese Government. I have come here to talk about the British Government. We have the power to protect the weak ones and we are not going to allow them to jump into the fire if we can save them. The Chinese Govern- ment can do what they like but this is a British Colony. If people come into British waters, they come under British law, and we ought to protect them.

Q.-Have

you any idea of the amount of money already subscribed? A.-I think it is about $30,000.

Q.-I don't mean that special fund, I mean the annual subscriptions since the Society was started?

+

( 15 )

A.-About $600, I think, have been subscribed from the commencement. But there are no annual subscriptions; the Society receives votes from the Man Mò Temple. When the Society began there were no funds, and even the first two detectives declined to accept any salary or remuneration until the subscriptions had been raised, and then they took what the Society could allow them. When it was started there was no place to house these girls, and one of the wards in the Tung Wa Hospital was used to accom- modate the girls. The Tung Wa Hospital up to the present has supplied the money for the food and maintenance of the girls. The Government has only given $1,000, I believe.

-

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-From the items I see there is put down "amount borrowed" from the Man Mò Temple and Tung Wa Hospital?

A.-They put it down as borrowed, but, if they have not any money, they need not return it. When the Pó Léung Kuk is able to support itself, it will do so.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Can you tell me why it is in such bad funds?

A.-Because they did not take the trouble to get funds.

Q.-They didn't take the trouble to hunt up subscriptions?

A.-No.

Honourable Ho KAI.-The funds of the Man Mò Temple belong to the Chinese public, and the Chinese public every year subscribes to the Temple?

A.-Yes, and they get an income out of the rents of their property.

Q.-Is it not the same thing as if annual contributions were made to take these funds and transfer them to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes.

C

The CHAIRMAN.-The Chinese Community have been anxious that the Pó Léung Kuk should be self supporting?

A. Yes.

Q.-Independent of the Tung Wa Hospital?

A.-Quite so.

Q.-The Man Mò Temple money is looked after by the Tung Wa Hospital?

A. Yes.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-The Tung Wa Hospital has plenty of money?

A. Yes.

Q.-I don't quite understand why the Pó Léung Kuk does not support itself?

A.-It is subscribed to indirectly through the Tung Wa Hospital. People in supporting the Tung Wa Hospital support the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-There is no direct subscription to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-No.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Yes, I see there is one for $100.

The CHAIRMAN.-That must have been a very long time ago. The point I want to get at is that the Tung Wa Hospital have been anxious that the children should be moved out of the Hospital. When you were Chairman of the Tung Wa Hospital did you not ask that the children should be moved?

A. Yes.

( 16 )

Q.--You can give us a copy of the petition?

*

A. Yes, and the petition stated that the children made a noise and disturbed the sick.

Q.--Is it your opinion that they do so still?

A. Yes, I think so.

Q.-The Hospital want to get rid of the girls?

A. Yes.

Honourable F. H. MAY.--Do you think the Chinese community are afraid to subscribe to the Society--afraid of identifying themselves against the kidnappers?

A.--No.

Q.--That would not operate to diminish the subscriptions?

A.--No. People have tried to go about to get subscriptions, but some people tried to prevent it, and succeeded for a time. For that very reason I declined to have any thing to do with the Pó Léung Kuk, because I wished to keep myself from quarrelling with parties.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you think it would be a good thing for the Pó Léung Kuk to be registered as a private Society in the Supreme Court under the Companies Ordi- nance, or established by special Ordinance?

A.-By Ordinance decidedly.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-What difference does it make ?

A.-Every thing must be guided by officials so as to save disputes. This is a British colony. The Chinese are too cunning I am very sorry to say. I have very little faith in many of them.

The CHAIRMAN.-Then you are of opinion that it would be best to have it established by special Ordinance?

A. Yes.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I understand this Society is not popular in certain

quarters?

A.-It is not popular among the kidnappers and those who have any thing to do with them.

Q.-I think in other quarters?

A.-If there is any...

Q.-Jealousy?

A.-Well some people want to have the whole management in their own hands and to turn the thing to any shape they like.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Without an official of the Government associating with the Chinese and working with the Society it would be a failure, would it not?

A.-Not only a failure, but much mischief would be done.

Q.-You wish that an official of the Government should preside over the Society and at the same time that the Chinese members should have a voice in the management of the Society?

A. Yes.

* See Appendix 26.

..

3

( 17 )

Q.--At former times the Registrar General was the only one to exercise the powers absolutely by himself. He has supreme management and control over the girls, --whether to detain them or let them go. He decides all by himself?

The CHAIRMAN.--He could, but he does not.

Is

Honourable Ho KAI.-In the new Ordinance the Registrar General is to associate himself with seven other Chinese and consult them and then exercise his power. not that the better way

?

A.-Of course, to consult them.

Q.--The Chinese prefer that?

A. Yes, quite so.

Q.-Is it not within your own knowledge that some Chinese would come forward willingly to be members of the Committee if they have a certain voice in the matter?

A. Yes.

Q.-On the other hand they would never come forward if they had not?

A.-Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do I understand you that at present the Registrar General controls entirely the working of the Pó Léung Kuk ?-

The CHAIRMAN.-I have no power over the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-The power of the Registrar General can exercise itself over the girls independent of the Pó Léung Kuk?

The CHAIRMAN.--I have the power and control over the girls-by law independent of the Pó Léung Kuk. As a matter of practice, however, I consult them and get advice from them and act upon that advice if I consider it the best.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--In the event of the Ordinance being enacted the Registrar General would be President of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk and all questions appertaining to the Society and to the girls under his protection would be decided by the majority of that Committee of which the Registrar General is one.

-

The CHAIRMAN.—Yes, by that Committee as far as the affairs of the Pó Léung Kuk are concerned. There is the law which gives the Registrar General certain powers of dealing with girls independently of the draft Ordinance. He has to remove them to a place of safety and, at the present, he has to decide that the place of safety is in the middle of a Hospital. Under the Ordinance the Registrar General would consult, as he invariably does now, with the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk, in order to decide what was the best thing to be done with any girl.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-The vote of the majority would decide what would be done with the girls?

The CHAIRMAN.—Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Although the Registrar General would still have powers to deal with them. Suppose the majority were against the Registrar General ? What would happen? Suppose the majority of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk decide to do a certain thing, and having the majority they would carry out what they decided to do. The Registrar General under the Girls' Protection Ordinance would have no power to step in and interfere.

The CHAIRMAN.--It depends entirely what the case might be.

( 18 )

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Suppose there is a case in which you vote against the other members of the Committee. It is carried against you by their majority that a certain girl, for instance, be made to marry a particular man.

The CHAIRMAN.-Such a case could not possibly arise because no one can be made to marry against their will.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You do marry them?

The CHAIRMAN.-Certainly, but I don't make them marry.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Suppose a marriage is arranged. Let us see how the law would act. Could you in your official capacity say "I claim this girl under my protection and I will send her away to another place. '

""

The CHAIRMAN.—Yes, I could; certainly. The Governor might say "I name another place as the place of safety. Such a case never has arisen in my experience and I do not think it is likely to occur.

Honourable Ho KAI.—I think that answer is wrong. Once the girl is placed in the Pó Léung Kuk, the power of the Registrar General is to cease altogether, and all questions which arise shall be decided by the majority of votes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you understand it like that witness.

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—The Registrar General might find himself in a minority, and I take it that, as soon as the girls are handed over to the Pó Léung Kuk, the dealing with the girls rests with the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk, and that the vote of the majority is final.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Except in cases of course where something is grossly wrong.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Suppose the Registrar General were in a minority ? Honourable Ho KAI.-Well he would have to give way.

The CHAIRMAN.-The Registrar General might refer the matter to the Governor.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There is no provision in the Ordinance for that. The CHAIRMAN.-That is a provision which might be inserted. It never occurred

to me, as such a case has never happened before.

The Committee agreed to defer consideration of the point involved.

The CHAIRMAN.-Are you against the Ordinance or in favour of it?

A.--I am in favour of it.

-As a whole ?

A. Yes.

Q.-So far as you know this Ordinance embodies the practical working of the Society to-day?

A. Yes.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Do you tell us that if this Ordinance is not passed the whole thing would collapse? Why should that happen after the Society has been doing good work for 13 years? Why should it be essential and necessary to pass this Ordinance or otherwise the whole thing would collapse ?

A. For fifteen years up to now the Registrar General either directly or indirectly has been consulted and rendered assistance to the Society. Perhaps the public does

( 19 )

not know it. But some of the directors of the Tung Wa Hospital have been saying sometimes "Why should we go to the Registrar General? Why should'nt we be independent ?"

Q. How long ago was that?

A.--I think about 10 years.

Q.--Since that period how has the Society worked?

A.--Very satisfactorily.

Q.--You still consult the Registrar General ?

A.--Yes.

Q.--For the following ten years things have worked satisfactorily. That being the case, don't you think the Society can continue to work as satisfactorily as it has done since that trouble? I should like to know why, if you continue to receive the help and advice of the Registrar General as you have in the past, the Society should collapse if this Ordinance is not passed?

A.-The Chinese all get so frightened. We have been accused of being a Secret Society and they all say "We are not going to have anything more to do with it." We must have the Ordinance and have some one to look after us,

The CHAIRMAN.--You just said that the Pó Léung Kuk are so alarmed at certain charges made against them that they wish to have the Ordinance now to prevent any similar charge being brought against them again?

A.--Yes.

Q.--That is why they wish it?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Before that word was used in Council the Ordinance was drafted and a long despatch was sent to the Colonial Secretary. The Ordinance was drafted out before anything was said about the Pó Léung Kuk being a secret Society. What was the necessity of that being drafted out before the Society had been accused of being a secret Society?

A. The Chinese thought it would be more satisfactory.

The CHAIRMAN.--The fact that it has been called a secret Society makes them more anxious to have it?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Have you seen this report sent in with the petition from the Pó Léung Kuk asking for a vote of money ?

A.--I have not seen it. I know there was a subscription and I subscribed to it.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-A number of people did not subscribe ?

A.-I don't know. A Society like this must have some officials to back it up.

This concluded the sitting of the Committee, which then adjourned sine die.

3

:

( 20 )

FOURTH MEETING.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, (Registrar General), Chairman.

39

F. H. MAY, (Acting Colonial Treasurer).

C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

"

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

Minutes of last Meeting.

The minutes of the last meeting (held June 16th) were read and confirmed.

Papers.

The CHAIRMAN.-Gentlemen, since last meeting the following documents have been circulated among the members of the Committee and returned by them as seen;-

1. Letters from Colonial Secretary forwarding a short précis of the history of

the Home for girls.*

2. Letter from Mr. MCCALLUM with regard to the 5 houses in New Street. †

3. Letter from Mr. LAU WAI CH'ÜN and Mr. LEUNG P'UI-CHI. ‡

4. Memorandum from the members of the Pó Leung Kuk. §

5. Printed reports of meeting held on 16th June.

6. Letter from Captain Superintendent of Police. ||

All these papers have been circulated among the members. Some of them have been printed, and, I think, reached you yesterday. Since then I have received a letter from the Captain Superintendent of Police. You remember that at the last meeting of the Committee it was decided that the Captain Superintendent of Police should be asked whether he knew the name of the Police officer who had suggested that the runners of the Pó Leung Kuk squeeze. The Captain Superintendent of Police has replied ¶ that he does not know who made such a statement to His Excellency.

There is a gentleman outside, Mr. Ho Fook, whom we requested to attend the last meeting but who, though he was present, was not examined.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Before, proceeding further, I should like to make a few verbal alterations in the report of the last meeting.

The CHAIRMAN.-I would suggest that we have this gentleman in now, and consider the alterations later on.

Hon. Ho KAI.-They are only verbal corrections.

The CHAIRMAN.-I will ask Mr. Ho Fook in. I have also asked Mr. WAI LONG SHAN to attend.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD.-As regards Mr. WAI LONG SHAN I should prefer to have him called at the next meeting instead of to-day.

The CHAIRMAN.-- But he has been asked to attend to-day.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD. - I was not acquainted with that. I am not prepared to go into the matter to-day as thoroughly as I should wish.

The CHAIRMAN.--With regard to what?

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD.--With regard to the whole matter.

The CHAIRMAN.--We can discuss that after the examination of Mr. Ho Fook.

* See Appendix 11.

Do.

12.

See Appendix 13.

Do.

14.

See Appendix 14.

Do.

16.

:

( 21 )

Mr. Ho Fook called..

The CHAIRMAN.-You are assistant compradore in Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co.?

Witness.-Yes.

Q.-You are a Justice of the Peace for the Colony of Hongkong?

A. Yes.

Q.-Are you acquainted with the Pó Leung Kuk Society?

A. Yes.

Q. -How long have you known it?

A.-Since I joined the Registrar General's Office, in 1883 I think it was.

Q.-Who was Registrar General at that time?

A.-Mr. RUSSELL. I joined in his time.

Q.-You were there with Mr. RUSSELL and Dr. STEWART?

A. Yes, and with yourself.

Q.-I was Acting Registrar General then?

A. Yes.

Q.-You have known the Society since 1883?

A.--Yes.

Q.-Then you have known something of its working?

A. Yes, I was brought into contact with its working.

Q. What is your opinion with regard to the work which it has accomplished?

A.-I think it has done a good work. It has been the means of bringing bad characters to justice and rescuing lots of women, who would have led immoral lives if it had not been for the Society.

Q.-What do you think would be the result if the Pó Leung Kuk were abolished?

A. The Government would have to find a Home for the women and the means of rescuing them, and I don't think they could do the work as well as the Society is doing it.

Q.-Why?

A.-Because the Chinese can find things out more easily when they are so closely in contact with the people, which the Government cannot very well do.

Q.-Are the Chinese pmmunity in favour of the Society?

A. Yes, the respecta le class are.

Q.-Do you know of any people who object to it?

A.-Those who obje&are either kidnappers, or brothel-keepers, or connected with such people in some way They, of course, would like to see this Society abolished so that they might act with ut check.

Q.- You say you remember Dr. STEWART when in the Registrar General's Office?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you remember him ever having spoken to the Pó L'ung Kuk Committee about putting the Society on a satisfactory footing?

A.-Yes, he often mentioned it.

Q.-- Can remember what he said?

you

A. He used to see Mr. LI TAK-CH'EUNG, who took an interest in it, nearly every morning.

-You acted as interpreter.

( 22 )

A.—Yes, I think he complained to Dr. STEWART that the inmates of the Society. were disturbing the inmates of the Hospital, and Dr. STEWART suggested that it would be a good thing to get up subscriptions for the Society, and have a Home of its own. LI TAK-CH'EUNG said it was a bad time to attempt to get up subscriptions.

Q.-Have you read the proposed draft Ordinance?*

A. Yes, I have.

Q. What is your opinion with regard to it?

A.-With certain alterations I think the Ordinance will do very well.

Mr.

Q.-Do you think it would be better to let the Society go on as at present under the Rules or have this Ordinance?

it?

A.-I know the Society has not complied with the present Rules.

Q.-But, supposing they were complied with?

A. They might act independently of the Government Officials.

-You think it would be better to have the Government Officials connected with

A. Yes.

Q.-Why?

A. So that the Chinese should not have any chance of abusing their powers. I don't mean the present Committee of the Pó Leung Kuk, but by-and-by we might have persons on the Committee who would turn everything upside down.

Q. What do you mean by " abusing their powers?"

A. I mean that they might not carry out the objects of the Society in such a satisfactory manner as at present.

Q.-You think it would be advisable to have the Government associated with the Society?

A. Yes.

Q.-In that way you think that the present Ordinance would be an improvement on the rules?

A. Yes, with certain alterations.

Q.-What alterations would you suggest?

A.--I would begin at the beginning. In the preamble words "by voluntary contributions" because I know that t made by the Tung Wa Hospital. I think something must be

Q.—You think the words "voluntary contributions" do

they are at present.

A. Yes.

Q. What other alterations do you suggest?

the Bill I don't like the contributions have been

added.

ot express the affairs as

A.-I think section 2 should be so amended as to include the names of all existing members of the Society. 1 think that all those members who have paid $10 should continue as members of the Society without having to pay $10 more, as they would under the section as it now stands.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How many members are there in the Society?

A.-I don't know exactly. I think about a hundred.

* See Appendix 28.

<

( 23 )

The CHAIRMAN: Then you object to section 2 as it stands.

A. Yes, the section only gives the names of a few persons who form the permanent Board of Directors.

Q-Any other alterations?

A.--Yes, section 7 requires alteration. I think the Government should have the power to remove any member of the permanent Board if he misbehaves himself. Also in section 8, I think that everything must be decided by the majority of votes, the President to have the casting votes in case of equality of votes. As it is, you see, the President might do things against the wish of the other members of the Board of Direction.

Hon. Ho KAI.-Do you mean that the President should have a casting vote and not an original vote?

A.-No, he ought to have a vote in addition to the casting vote.

Hon. Ho KAI.--That is provided for.

Mr. Ho FOOK.-Will you read the section? It does not say that each member of the Board shall have one vote.

Hon. Ho KAI.You will find it lower down in another section altogether, section 11, I think, under the heading of votes.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It does not state there that each member is to have a vote. Mr. Ho Fook.-I mention it because it would not be right that the other members of the Board should be the mere tools of the Registrar General. They ought to have a voice in the matter and every thing should go by the majority. I make the suggestion not because the Chinese have no faith in the present Registrar General, because it is quite otherwise, but because they do not know of course what sort of a man may succeed him.

Q.--Any other alterations?

A.-In section 13 the words occur "the funds of the Society from whatever source derived." I want that defined. From what source can the Society derive funds? That point may be open to question by and by.

Q. You would like to have the clause more clearly defined?

A. Yes.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Why more clearly defined?

A. So that there might be no charge of squeezing or anything of that sort made against the Society.

Q.-But no charges have been brought against the members of the Committee or any members of the Pó Léung Kuk Society, so far as I know, of squeezing. Have you ever heard of any of the members of the Pó Léung Kuk having squeezed?

A.-No, I am only afraid that if you leave the section as it is some people may

something else.

The CHAIRMAN.--Have you any other suggestions?

think

A.--In section 15 referring to the election of members it is said that any one "duly qualified" may be elected. What do you mean by " duly qualified?”

The CHAIRMAN.-The payment of the subscription of $10.

Honourable Ho KAI.-And subject to the approval of the Directors.

The CHAIRMAN.Do you think there ought to be any other qualification?

A.-No, but you don't want to admit kidnappers and bad characters.

Honourable Ho KAI.-That is provided for.

( 24 )

for?

The CHAIRMAN.-What suggestions would you make?

A. Of course, they must be approved by the Board of Direction.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you mean proposed and seconded and balloted

A.--Yes, but there should be no black-balling, that is a man should not be excluded if there is only one black-ball.

The CHAIRMAN.-You think the permanent Board should pass

A.---Yes.

Honourable Ho KAI.-That is provided for.

The CHAIRMAN.-Any other section?

them?

A. Yes. Section 17 provides that in the event of the Society failing to carry out the object for which it is established, the surplus of any assets should go to the Crown. I don't think that ought to be so. The Chinese want the money they subscribe to be devoted to charitable purposes.

Q. What would you suggest then?

A.-I would suggest that the surplus should be paid over to the Tung Wa Hospital or some such other charitable institution.

Q-Any other suggestion?

A.-In section 18 I see that the Governor shall have the power to give the sum of $20,000 to the Pó Léung Kuk Society. Do I understand that $20,000 will be paid to the Society? I think that $20,000 would be a fair amount considering that the Chinese have subscribed $30,000. My idea is that the Government should bear one half of the cost of the Society.

Q.- Do

you think then that with such alterations as you suggest it will be better for the Society to be incorporated under this Ordinance than to be registered under the Companies Ordinance?

A.-I think it would be better to have this Ordinance passed than to get registered under the Companies Ordinance.

Q.--Why?

A.-I don't think the Chinese know much of the Companies Ordinance. This Society is not a Limited Liability Company with a fixed capital; and the members can be increased from time to time.

Q. - Do

A.--Yes.

you know the Home where the girls are at present housed?

Q.--What is your opinion as to its fitness for the purpose?

A.-I do not think it is at all suitable.

Q.-Why?

A.-Because the girls are kept just above the ward where the patients of the Hospital are.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You say that you know a good deal about the working of the Home in which the girls are kept. In the event of any of them wishing to leave the Home are they at liberty to do so?

A.-No.

Q. They are detained forcibly against their wishes? A.-These girls don't know what is good for themselves.

( 25 )

-Suppose a woman of 30 wishes to leave the Home and the Colony, is she at liberty to do so?

A.-You have to see that what they say is true, and get some one to be security for her.

-But suppose she cannot get any one to secure her?

A.-Well, I think they would get to know all about her.

Q.-But she is forcibly detained?

A.-I don't know whether you should use the word " “forcibly."

Q.-But I do use it. Is that so or is it not?

A.-I don't think any force was ever used. They simply keep the girls pending enquiry.

Q.-The girls are not permitted to leave the building?

A-Of course not.

Q.-So they are detained and practically imprisoned there?

A.-If you let them go they might not come back again.

Q.--They are practically imprisoned without trial in any Court?

A.-I would not call it imprisonment.

The CHAIRMAN.-Are not the girls sent to the Pó Leung Kuk by the Registrar General under Ordinance?

A. Yes.

Q-Under a properly constituted law?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you consider then that when a girl is sent to the Pó Léung Kuk under law, she is forcibly detained?

A.-Not at all.

--Nor imprisoned?

A.-No.

Q.-The object of this Society is to do every thing it can for the practical welfare and interests of these girls, is it not?

A. Yes.

Q.-And save them from the hands of bad characters and rascals?

A. Yes.

Q.-That is the object?

A. Yes.

---You think that is an object that every person who has the good of mankind at heart ought to encourage?

A. Yes.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I take it that these girls are detained in the Home for the reason that they do not wish to leave the Colony or because they are found under circumstances which give rise to the suspicion that they are about to be taken

away against their will?

A.-Yes, or if it is thought that they are being kept in Hongkong for the purposes of prostitution.

( 26 )

Q.-Have you ever known a case where a woman was kept in the Home who wished to leave the Colony or wished to go back to China?

A.--There might have been cases where a woman wished to leave the Colony, but the Committee would find out whether her story is true; and if true, they will leave it to the Registrar General to do what he likes.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Up to the present the Committee of the Pó Leung Kuk simply carry out the orders of the Registrar General?

A.--They make recommendations and it is for the Registrar General to act upon them or not, as he chooses.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--You think if this Ordinance is passed, or if this Ordinance is enacted, that the cases which are entrusted to the Pó Léung Kuk should be decided absolutely by the majority of the members of the Committee?

A.-Yes; of the permanent Board.

Q.--Well, there is a proposed.permanent Board and an elective Committee?

A.--The elective Committee are simply the servants of the permanent Board. They cannot take any responsibility on themselves.

Q.--The elective Committee?

A.-No, in important matters they must take the opinion of the permanent Board. In any case they would have to consult the Registrar General.

Q. -Which are to be the voting members?

A.-The permanent Board.

The CHAIRMAN.-It is stated in the Ordinance that they may depute part of their powers to an elective Committee.

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Supposing that the majority of the permanent Board decide to deal with a case differently from the way in which the Registrar General has voted, how will the matter rest then?

A.-The Registrar General must be bound by the decision of the majority.

Q.-And the case will be dealt with as the majority of the Pó Léung Kuk wishes? A.-Certainly.

Hon. C. P. CHATER.-That is not the case at the present moment?

A.-No.

Q.-What is the state of affairs now?

A. The present Committee merely find out all they can about these girls and then make a report to the Registrar General. If they make any recommendations, it is for him to act or not upon them.

Q.-You would prefer that the majority of the Board should decide what is to be done with any girl, whether the Registrar General is opposed to it or not?

A.--Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.-Why would you prefer it?

A.-Because we might at some future time have a Registrar General who did not get along well with the Chinese.

Q.--Have you ever had any difficulty in the past? Have any of the Registrar Generals ever had any differences with the Pó Léung Kuk with regard to the girls?

A.-Not to my knowledge.

Q.—As a matter of fact have they worked harmoniously?

A.--Yes.

( 27 )

Honourable Ho KAI.-No disagreement between them?

A.--Except in one year when the Committee tried to act independently of the Re- gistrar General.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-What was the matter about?

A.-I don't know. I think it was referred to the Governor; but I don't know what the point was.

-Who was the Registrar General?

A.-I think Mr. LOCKHART was acting. That is why the Chinese want this Ordi- nance passed, so as to prevent this happening again.

Q.-You say one year they wanted to do without the interference of the Registrar General?

A. Yes.

Honourable HO KAI.-That occurred once?

A.--Yes.

Q.--In your opinion it would be best for the Committee to work with the Registrar General, but at the same time you want the Committee to be equal to carrying out their recommendations or force the Registrar General, so to speak, to carry them out?

A. Yes.

Q.-Combine the two together?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In the event of your not obtaining that considera- tion by this Ordinance would you prefer to leave matters as they are?

A.-Of course, there is no help for it.

Q.-That is to say that you might just as well leave matters as they are, unless the Chinese are to have a voice in the management of the Society?

A. Yes.

Q.-The majority of votes are to decide the cases entrusted to the Pó Léung Kuk? A. Yes.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-How would the Society get on without the Ordinance? As well as before?

A.-That depends upon who are on the Committee.

Q.-If

-If you had as good a Committee as you have now, the Society would get on without the passing of the Ordinance?

A.--Yes, but you cannot depend upon always having a good Committee.

Q.-What about the subscription which has recently been raised? Has the money actually been paid?

A.-I think a great deal has, but I don't know how much.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Who was the Secretary of that fund?

A.-I don't think they have any Secretary.

Q. Who collected the money?

A.—Five or six, I think, went round in a body.

Q.-How is it invested?

A-In a Chinese Bank, I believe.

Q.--Deposited?

A. Yes.

( 28 )

The CHAIRMAN.--You say about $30,000 was subscribed?

A.-Yes.

Q.-Did you subscribe?

A.-I put my brother down for $100. It is not customary for members of the whole family to subscribe individually.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Would you be a member of the Society, not having subscribed?

A.-I am not a member yet. I will be when those charges are withdrawn.

Q.--What do you mean?

A.-I mean about the Society being a secret Society. I am waiting until these charges have been withdrawn.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Why didn't you join before they were made?

A. Because I was not in any commercial house before.

Q. How long have you been in a commercial house?

A. Since March, 1891.

-And before that?

A.-I was in a Solicitor's office and it is not usual for Solicitor's clerks to be members of the Society because kidnappers may come to engage them.

Q.-For 18 months you have been considering whether you would be a member? A. Yes, but there was nothing to make me consider until all this was talked about. I would have joined if it had not been for these charges.

Q.-You say they were much talked about?

A. The matter was put in the papers. The charges were made public.

Q.-The Chinese have been talking about them?

A. Yes, they feel very strongly on the point. I think they were anxious to know whether those people who made the charges are prepared to prove them.

Q.-How long were you in the Registrar General's Office?

A.-For about three years.

Q.-Have you ever heard of the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk squeezing?

A.-I have heard a good deal, but it is only hearsay.

Q.-You know of no case?

A.-No.

1

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you ever heard of Chinese detectives squeezing?

A. Yes.

Q.-Have you heard more frequently of the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk than of

other Chinese detectives?

A.-Just about the same.

Q.-You have known no case?

A.-No, I never heard of any case.

Q. Do you know whether the Pó Léung Kuk have kept a sharp look out on their detectives?

A. Yes. his own men.

As the Captain Superintendent of Police would be on the look out over

( 29

)

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Do the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk interfere at all with the Police force?

A.-No.

Q.-You have never heard that they interfered in any way?

A.--No.

Q.--Do you

think that, because there are detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk Society, the members of the Police force are less energetic than they would be otherwise?

A.-No.

Q.-You said that if this proposed Ordinance were not passed, you did not think that the Committee would carry on the work in the future as well as they have in the past?

A.-Unless they are all good men on the Committee.

Q.--Why should they not be able to carry on the objects of the Society as well as in the past?

A.--They have power under rules approved by the Secretary of State to ignore the Registrar General altogether.

Q.-But he has power to deal with the women and girls?

A.--So long as they are not sent to the Society. Once they are sent to the Society they become the inmates of the Society.

Q.--Do you think that, if the Society had a proper Home, they would be better able to cope with the work than now?

A.--Yes, certainly.

Q.-But you think it necessary to entrust them with the disposal of all cases brought before them?

A. Yes. At the same time the Registrar General will be President and he would know what was going on.

Q.-How would the Captain Superintendent of Police do as President?

A. The Chinese would not care so much to be associated with him. They know that the Registrar General was constituted the protector of Chinese.

Q.--Don't you think the Chinese are as capable of taking care of themselves as any other race in the world?

A.-No.

Hon. F. H. MAY.-Do you think it would be a good thing to add the Captain Superintendent of Police to the Committee?

A. -No, I don't think so.

The CHAIRMAN.-Does the Captain Superintendent of Police know Chinese? A.-No.

Q.-Then it would be necessary to have an interpreter present?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you understand that, if this Ordinance was passed, the Directors would have to sit with the Registrar General and investigate each case?

A.--Yes.

Q-Every case must be investigated in some manner?

A.-Unless they delegated some of their functions to an elective Committee.

Q.--How are these cases investigated now?

A.-By the Committee.

( 30 )

Q.-By the members of the Board?

A.-By as many as are present.

Q.-How many are present?

A. Three or four.

Q.-Never only one member?

A.-No, always more than that.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--I was told that there was sometimes only one.

The CHAIRMAN.-Who was your informant?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I do not remember.

Honourable Ho KAI.--I can say that there are generally two or three as far as I know. Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--But sometimes only one?

A.-I have never seen only one.

The CHAIRMAN.-I may say that

There are generally two or three.

every letter sent to me as Registrar General is signed by two members. We bad that in evidence last time. It came out during the examination of Mr. WAI YUK.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-As regards that subscription for $30,000 did you aid the Society in collecting it?

A.-I did nothing at all.

Q.-Do you know who did ?

A.-I think the members of the Committee for last year and the year before collected it. Q.-Do you think that the whole of the money will ultimately be paid.

A. Yes, certainly, unless they allow some to hang on for a few years and then times may have changed.

Q.--And people may go away

A. Yes.

?

Q.-Did any man outside of the Pó Léung Kuk assist in the collection of this money?

A.-I don't know.

Q.

-You haven't heard?

A.-No.

Q.-Have you heard that the Registrar General assisted in the collection of it?

The CHAIRMAN.-That has nothing whatever to do with the question before the meeting. Any accusations against the Registrar General can be made outside this Com- mittee.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD (to witness).—The Pó Léung Kuk is practically governed by the Registrar General, isn't it?

A. Yes.

Q.-In fact, the Pó Léung Kuk is the Registrar General ?

A.-No, not that.

Q.-As a matter of fact he decides everything?

A.--He decides everything; but these people have to find out everything for him. Q.-He sits in judgment on the Committee?

A. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.-Under the present rules of the Pó Léung Kuk has the Registrar General any control over the Society?

A.-No control, but they choose to work with him.

( 31 )

-Does not the Registrar General invariably consult the Pó Léung Kuk with regard to any girls sent to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes, he asks for recommendations.

Q.----And is it not his rule to adopt those recommendations?

A.--Yes, as a rule.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There have been exceptions?

A. Yes, certainly.

Q.-That being the case does it discourage the Pó Léung Kuk from carrying on their work?

A.-If the Registrar General was right it would not discourage them.

Q.-If he happened to be wrong?

A.-Then, of course, they wouldn't like it.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you ever known a case where there has been a serious dis- agreement?

A.-No, not a serious disagreement.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You told us of one.

The CHAIRMAN.-I will explain that to the Committee.

Mr. Ho FOOK.-That was in 1883 or 1884.

Honourable Ho KAI.-It was a matter of form I think. There was some dis- agreement about the form of marriage, wasn't there?

Mr. Ho Fook.-Yes, the Pó Léung Kuk Committee objected to bridal chairs being used.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you remember Dr. STEWART having a discussion with the Pó Léung Kuk on the question of the bridal sedan? The Pó Léung Kuk differed from him on that question, did'nt they?

A. Yes.

Q.--The point was finally carried by the Registrar General. The opinion he combated was that a girl rescued from distress was not entitled to the same respect shown to other girls?

A. Yes. Of course, if you marry a girl you must go through the proper

ceremony.

Q.-That includes the use of the bridal sedan ?

A. Yes.

Q.-The Registrar General wished to show as much respect for the girls as possible?

A.--Yes.

Honourable HO KAI.-Prostitutes and such like?

A. Yes, he made no distinction.

Q.-The Chinese are all against it?

A.-Unless you want these girls to be taken as concubines, I don't see why they should not use the bridal chairs.

Q.- --You know that it is sometimes impossible to get rid of them as first wives. You know that the Pó Léung Kuk Committee, or some of them, considered that the girls would do very well as second wives to respectable men?

A.--The English law does not permit bigamy.

( 32 )

Q.--I know that, but some of your friends and relations have concubines in this Colony?

A. Yes.

Q.-They are in an English colony?

A. Yes, but if the Society was associated with the Government would they permit it?

Q.—They are permitting it every day, aren't they?

A. If they will permit these girls to be taken away as concubines that is all right.

-That is if they are comfortable and well provided for?

A. Yes, but the Government might not allow such a thing to go on.

Q.-I know that, but I only ask whether that was not the point of dispute between the Committee and the former Registrar General.

The CHAIRMAN.-And the rule laid down by the former Registrar General has been carried out?

A. Yes.

}

The CHAIRMAN.-In Chinese marriage customs the bridal sedan is an indispensable accompaniment of a marriage. No legal marriage is complete without it. The Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk of that day went to Dr. STEWART and said "These girls have led improper lives, why should we treat them in the same way as respectable girls ?" Dr. STEWART said, in reply, that he would not allow them to be treated in any way different from respectable women. They come, he said, under the protection of the Society and he intended to show his respect for them as much as he would for his own daughter had he one. That was the difficulty. But afterwards the matter was arranged and now whenever a marriage is celebrated it is insisted that the document for hiring the bridal chair should be produced and then filed in the Office with the other documents. With regard to the other point, as to taking girls as second wives, the Registrar General from the very start set his face against it. Ever since I have known the office, and up to the present day, we have never sanctioned the taking of a girl as a concubine, because it was felt that you have no security in such a case, that the girl will not be got rid of. A respectable Chinaman treats his concubine well; but it might be possible for a man, so disposed, to get rid of his concubine more easily than his wife, for among the Chinese the union with a concubine is not considered so binding as the union with a legal wife. For that reason the Registrar General set his face against the system of concubinage, and also because concubinage is not recognised by our law.

Hon. C. P. CHATER.-The Pó Léung Kuk have never given these women away as concubines ?

The CHAIRMAN.—No, never.

Honourable Ho KAI. The mother sometimes gets the girl out and ultimately she is given away as second wife, but it is not done with the Registrar General's knowledge and consent.

The CHAIRMAN.-If a girl is given out under security the surety must arrange to have her properly married, and, so far as I am aware, they are always married as first wives. There may be cases outside in which the girls are given as concubines.

Honourable HO KAI-Yes, there are cases in Hongkong in which girls are taken, though not from the Registrar General's Office, as concubines.

The CHAIRMAN.-Then they must be out of our control because one of the provi sions of handing them over is that they should be married as a first wife and brought up properly. The case you refer to, I think, is where the girl was detained in Hongkong and sent to the Pó Leung Kuk and it was then found out that she had already been

( 33 )

sold to a man as his concubine. She was handed back to the mother to arrange for her marriage. The mother came down and took the girl away. She came from the coun- try. We really had nothing whatever to do with the girl.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-What happened to the girl?

Honourable HO KAI.-She was married as a concubine.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Are there many cases like that?

Honourable Ho KAI.-The account given by the Chairman is correct, but what induced the Pó Léung Kuk, in the first instance, to approach Dr. STEWART was that they experienced considerable difficulty in getting rid of those girls who had been prostitutes. A large number of the Chinese, in fact practically the whole of the Chinese Community, do not care to take a second-hand girl, as you may call her, as first wife. It is a kind of article of faith with them.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Then as regards these girls who have formerly been prostitutes, is there any difficulty placed in the way of their being made concubines?

. Mr. Ho Fook.--The Registrar General does not sanction it, and therefore they cannot do it.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The Registrar General tells us that he insists that there is a clause in the bond that the girls should be married as first wives. Dr. Ho KAI tells us that they do get married as concubines.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you know, Dr. Ho KAI, whether the girl was married under the auspices of the Society?

Honourable Ho KAI.-I do not say under the auspices of the Society. When they are handed back I know that sometimes they have been married as concubines and not as first wives.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You say that it is almost compulsory that the first wife should be a respectable woman.?

Honourable Ho KAI.-Certainly.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--Then all these bonds given to the Registrar General have been violated?

Honourable Ho KAI.-I don't know that, I don't know whether the bonds have been violated in any way. The Registrar General explained in this particular case that I mention that he had taken no bond. I can mention one or two cases.

One case

I know where a Committee man's brother took a girl out and she became his con- cubine. I think that it was during the present Registrar General's absence.

The CHAIRMAN.-That does not matter whether I was absent or not as long as it

was done in connection with the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable Ho KAI.--I have witnesses to prove that it was done.

The CHAIRMAN.-I should like to know about it.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD (to witness).-Do you know anything about this?

A.-No, I do not.

Q.-Or any similar case?

A.-No I don't. There has been a good deal of talk that some of the bonds were violated in some way or another.

Honourable HO KAI.-Understand me. I don't mean to say that it was in con- nection with the Registrar General, but when the Registrar General has let them go outside, I know of cases in which they were married as concubines.

( 34 )

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-In one case you say that she was taken out by a brother of a Committee man of the Pó Léung Kuk?

Honourable HO KAI.-Yes..

The CHAIRMAN.-If he has violated the bond he has of course rendered himself liable.

Honourable C. P. CHATER (to witness).-Do you know of any other members of the Committee, or their relatives, who have taken as concubines girls who have been inmates of the Home?

A.-No.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I remember these cases because, at the time, I thought it was not quite proper, because if the Registrar General holds one rule it ought to be binding. I don't quite approve of the rule myself personally. Among the Chinese a girl, who is a reclaimed prostitute, has no chance of being married as a first wife.

The CHAIRMAN.-It has not been found to be impossible. Many girls have been married as first wives who have come down here as prostitutes for a short time.

Mr. Ho FOOK.-It would take a longer time.

The CHAIRMAN.-You must remember that the fact the man gets his wife for nothing weighs a good deal.

Honourable HO KAI.--But such a wife would have no status at the house in the country, and they would degrade her. If any Chinese is known to have taken a prostitute as first wife, he would lose caste.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Are you of opinion, Mr. Ho Fook, that we ought to do away with that restriction on concubines ?

WITNESS.-Yes, privately of course.

But there is the question of expediency.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Therefore that the decision should rest with the permanent Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes, you might find a few men to take some of the girls as first wives, but if you have a girl who is old or ugly you will find some difficulty in disposing of her.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you ever heard of a case in which one of the Committee has got possession of one of these girls improperly?

A.-No, I have never heard; I don't remember, but I may have heard it. If the name of the man was given to me it might refresh my memory.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You don't know of your own knowledge that any member of the Committee, past or present, has as his concubine any woman who has been released from the Pó Léung Kuk under the bond which the Chairman has spoken of ?

A.--I haven't heard of any case.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I don't know whether she was released under a bond in this particular case.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Who signs and is responsible for the bond?

The CHAIRMAN.-I will show you a copy of the bond.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Who are security?

The CHAIRMAN.--That depends. Satisfactory security has always to be found. When the people go away to the mainland, it is rather difficult to keep any check on

( 35 )

them. We can only do our best and we try to prevent ourselves from being deceived. (To the witness). Have you any extra checks to suggest which would secure the liberty of these girls more than at present?

A.--No. Whatever check you may provide, if the people themselves desire to deceive they generally carry out their object.

Q.-Then is it your opinion that what is done now cannot be improved upon? A.-No, it cannot.

Q.-You think there has been an improvement in this respect during the last 10

years?

A.--Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-That is that at the beginning it was not such an easy matter to deal with these cases as it is now?

The CHAIRMAN.-The checks have still to exist.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-They have been increased from time to time? Witness.-Yes. I am not suggesting anything, but, as a matter of fact, people can deceive the Registrar General, and the Pó Léung Kuk too, if they choose.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You would prefer the Ordinance to be passed so as to enable the Committee to decide, even if the Registrar General is against them?

A-Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Suppose the Government will not grant you that concession, what do you propose to do then? If the Government will not permit the cases to be decided by the majority of the members of the Pó Léung Kuk, what do you propose to do?

A.-Let the Government manage the thing themselves.

Q.-In that event would the Police be capable of undertaking the work with the assistance of the Chinese ?

A.-What Chinese? What Committee could you get?

Q. Are there no Chinese here who would be in a position to assist the Police in the work?

A.-No.

Q.-The Registrar General would be helpless?

A. Yes, without the assistance of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.-If you do not get the power to deal with these cases into your own hands you propose to abandon the good work which has been carried on ?*

A. Yes, unless the Government take the work on their own shoulders. Honourable F. H. MAY.-I do not understand you to mean that the proceeding you refer to would turn on that point alone. I consider you to mean that it will happen if the Pó Léung Kuk does not receive assistance in money and get the Ordinance?

A.--I mean both together. If you don't give the Committee a voice in their affairs, what is the good of having a Society? At the same time if the Government is not going to vote the money, how can the Society be kept up?

Hon. T. H. WHITEHEAD.--But this is a benevolent work and the Society is carrying on this work for the benefit of their own countrywomen, and as the Government are incapable of doing it without the aid of the Pó Léung Kuk, surely the Society will still assist. If the Government refuses to grant the Society the power to over-rule the Registrar General by the majority of votes, what will the Society do ?

A.-The Society will throw up the whole thing.

( 36 )

Honourable F. H. MAY.--Mr. Ho Fook is not a member. He cannot tell.

A.-I know all the members.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--They have met frequently and discussed this

matter?

up?

A.-I know they have discussed the matter.

Q.-You are merely giving it as your opinion, that the Society would be thrown

A.-Quite so.

Q.-The Registrar General without the aid of the Pó Léung Kuk could not carry on the work?

A.-No.

Honourable Ho KAL.-Do you mean unable to carry it on at all, or to the same

extent ?

A. He would not be able to carry it on as satisfactorily.

The CHAIRMAN.-You mean to say that the fact that he is able to consult the Chinese on Chinese matters gives him an additional aid which it would be difficult for him to obtain elsewhere?

A. Yes, that is what I mean.

Q.--And that in dealing with native affairs consultation with the natives, who must be better acquainted with their own customs than he, is almost a matter of primary necessity?

A.--Yes.

Q.-You mean that the Registrar General by that assistance and by consulting those gentlemen is able to carry on the work more satisfactorily than he could otherwise do?

A.-He might do it.

Q.-But not so satisfactorily?

A.-No.

Q-If the Society does not get this concession from the Government, you say they will not continue the Society?

A.--I mean to say that it would be better for the present members to give it up.

Q.-

-To have no longer any Society at all?

A. Yes, if they don't receive encouragement, why should they go on ?

Q.--You consider that they are doing such a good work that they ought to be encouraged?

A.-Yes.

This concluded the evidence of the witness.

The CHAIRMAN.-Mr. WAI LONG SHAN is waiting to be called.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--I am afraid I cannot stay for his examination. I was not prepared for it.

The CHAIRMAN.-This Committee has been dragging its slow length along for some time now. We have been sitting for more than two months. All we have to do is to enquire into the working of the Society.

( 37 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--It is important to give this question due con- sideration. Here is an important memorandum sent in by the Pó Léung Kuk.* I don't know who had any thing to do with it, I don't know whether you didn't revise it your- self.

The CHAIRMAN.-What do you mean by that? Do you mean to suggest that I drafted that document?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I didn't say that. I said that I didn't know who revised it. But it is a very ably drawn up paper. I should like further time to consider it.

The CHAIRMAN.--We have already asked this gentleman to and as his time is valuable I think we ought to hear him now. are agreeable, I will call him in.

come here once before If the other members

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--We can have him here again if necessary. The other members agreed to call Mr. WAI Long Shan.

Mr. WAI LONG SHAN examined.

(interpreted by Mr. Ho Fook).

The CHAIRMAN.--You were Chairman of the Pó Léung Kuk Committee?

A. Yes.

Q.-How long did you serve as Chairman ?

A.-One

year.

Q.-You are compradore in the Telegraph Company?

A. Yes.

Q.-

-There is a document here, a memorandum from the Pó Léung Kuk Committee with your signature?

A. Yes.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--How long have you been Chairman ?

A.--One year.

Q.--Have all these cases which have gone to the Pó Léung Kuk been brought before you?

A.--Yes.

Q.--Every case?

A.--When I had time I used to go up every night, but my business sometimes prevented me.

Q.-Do these investigations take place every night?

A.-Nearly every night.

Q.--How many are present as a rule?

A. Two men at least.

Q.--Always two men.?

A.--At least two.

Q.--Do the Committee arrange between them who are to be there, so as to ensure the presence of two men ?

A.--There are no arrangements about it. Sometimes one man may be a little late and another member of the Committee.

According to rule two must be present. then the clerk would be present with

* See Appendix 14.

Q.--Who is the clerk?

( 38 )

A. He looks after the correspondence.

Q.-He is a servant of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes.

Q. He makes the second when there are no other members present?

A.-If another member happens to be late.

Q.-Does that happen often?

A.-Only occasionally.

Q.-Is the second member ever entirely absent?

A.-Never absent, only late. The report must be signed by two.

Q. Do you not know of a single instance in which there have been only one member of the Committee and the Clerk present ?

A.-No, not a single case.

Q.-After the investigations you send the particulars in to the Registrar General ?

A. Yes.

Q. And are guided by the Registrar General as to what should be done with the girls?

A. We make recommendations.

Q. Which would you prefer the state of things as it is at the present moment? or getting the majority of votes to decide as to what should be done with the girls?

A.—I should prefer that we might decide by the majority of the members of the Board.

Q.-Has not the business of the Society been carried on in a satisfactory manner heretofore?

A. Yes.

Q. And every thing has worked well?

A. Yes.

Q.-Then why ask for a change?

A.--The thing would not be right unless the majority decide it.

Q.-Then the thing has not been right heretofore, but you contend that everything has been satisfactory.

A.--We have made our recommendations to the Registrar General and they are generally accepted by him.

Q.--Why should not that be done in the future?

A.-- You see, we are business men. We may get hold of kidnappers, and, if we work without the Government, they may go for us in our commercial affairs.

The CHAIRMAN.-You have read the new Ordinance?

A.-Yes.

Q.--You desire that the Society should be associated with the Government, and not be able to act, as at present, independently of the Government?

A.--That is so.

Q.--That is one of the chief advantages?

A.--Yes.

Q.-The other advantage is with regard to the permanent Committee?

.

( 39 )

Honourable C. P. Chater.--Why do you want these changes ?

A.--Under the old rules the Committee could act independently. There is no mention of the Registrar General in the old rules and we want him to be associated with us.

We desire that the Registrar General should be associated in our work, but we do not want to give the full power to him.

Q.-Are you an original member?

A.-I was not.

Q.-When you joined you paid $10, I presume?

A.-I did.

Q.--All members have to pay $10?

A. Yes.

Q.-Only once, or more than once? ·

A.--Once.

Q.-That is all?

A.--Yes.

Q.-That is all you have subscribed?

A.-Yes.

Q.--And the others?

A. That is all.

The CHAIRMAN.-The Committee give little subscriptions from time to time. Honourable C. P.. CHATER.--Outside the $10, have you given any thing to the Society?

A.-Oh yes, many things. I am a lot out of pocket.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How many members are there in the Society? A.-Some of them have gone away.

Q.-How many are there who have subscribed $10?

A.-I must refer to the book.

Q.-Have you a list of members?

A-There is a book.

Q.-Is there a register in which the names have been entered of those who have joined the Society since it was started?

A. Yes.

Q.-Where do you conduct your enquiries into these cases?

A.--In the building opposite the Hospital. When it is raining we go over to the

place where the girls are.

The CHAIRMAN.Are the rooms open when you hold these enquiries?

A. Yes.

Q.--Can anyone go in?

A.--Any respectable man or those who are known can come in.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-As a matter of fact have any men ever been at your meetings?

A. Yes, sometimes outsiders come in during the middle of the enquiry. Q.--Is any notice issued as to the time that you are to meet?

A.-Sometimes we fix a time before hand.

( 40 )

Q.--There was a petition* from the Pó Léung Kuk sent to the Registrar General, but I don't think it had any date on, it was asking for a vote from the Government and intimated that $30,000 had been subscribed by the Chinese. Had you anything to do with the preparation of it?

A.--Yes.

Q.--This petition seems to have been sent to the Registrar General at the beginning

of the year.

A.--Yes.

Q.--Did you have anything to do with the drafting of that document?

A.--It was I who drafted it.

Q.--Will you tell me how you collected that money?

A.—We sent out a document † about the subscriptions and then went round in a body.

Q. How many members of the Committee went round?

A.--Sometimes ten and sometimes twenty.

Q.-Had they much difficulty in collecting this $30,000 ? -

A.---No, there was no difficulty.

Q.-In some cases there was difficulty?

A.-Where there was any, we went away.

Q.--What does the Pó Leung Kuk mean when it says that "it is owing to the Registrar General's assistance that the money was subscribed with so much goodwill"?

A.--A long time ago Dr. STEWART advised us to get the people to subscribe. said that the Society was doing good work for the Government and that the Government ought to pay for it.

He

The CHAIRMAN.---I don't object to this, but it has nothing whatever to do with the enquiry.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It has a very important bearing on the whole

matter.

The CHAIRMAN.-It has nothing whatever to do with it.

Witness (continuing).--When the Registrar General took his position he urged us to get up subscriptions. We drew up a statement and afterwards found that everybody was willing to subscribe.

-But you say in your petition that it is owing to his assistance that so much money was collected?

A.-He stirred us up.

Q.- -You state here that he assisted

you ?

A. Yes, he urged us on.

:

Honourable Ho KAI.-Well that is very good assistance.

The CHAIRMAN. With regard to the question of subscriptions, did you find the

community willing to subscribe?

A. Yes, and some of them entertained us in addition to subscribing.

1

* Sec Appendix 27.

† See Appendix 30.

( 41 )

Q.-They contributed willingly?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Did many refuse to put their names down?

A.-One or two out of a hundred.

Q.-You did not attempt to press them?

A.--No.

Q. Are any of the subscriptions which have come in due to the influence or per- suasion of the Registrar General?

The CHAIRMAN. I object to that question. I am surprised, Mr. WHITEHEAD, that you should ask it. If you have anything to say against the Registrar General and are prepared to say it to his face do so, and let him have the opportunity of dealing with it as it should be dealt with. Do you mean to insinuate that I have made improper use of my official position? I ask that question and give you an opportunity of stating it here in the presence of witnesses.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I ask the witness if he has heard whether

any subscriptions were obtained under persuasion or whether the Registrar General recom- mended any of the subscribers to subscribe money, to the Society.

The CHAIRMAN.-That question I cannot allow to be put. We are not enquiring into the conduct of the Registrar General.

Honourable T: H. WHITEHEAD.-I submit we have a right to enquire how the money was subscribed. The question ought to be allowed.

The CHAIRMAN.-What was the question.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I wish to know whether the witness has heard whether any subscriptions were obtained under persuasion, or whether the Registrar General recommended any of the subscribers to subscribe.

The CHAIRMAN.-You can put the question.

WITNESS.-I have never heard.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In the event of the Pó Léung Kuk not getting this proposed Ordinance enacted giving the majority of the Directors the power to deal with the cases, what does the Society propose to do?

A.-Wash our hands of the whole thing.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you heard, since the subscriptions were collected, that any Chinese have been trying to get people to say that the subscriptions were extorted ?

A.-No, I have'nt heard that.

Q.-You have'nt heard that anybody has been round to people saying that?

A.-There was something about it in the papers.

-About what?

Q.-

A. That the subscriptions were obtained by force.

Q.-You saw that in the paper ?

A.--Yes, I never heard any one say it.

Q. Do you deny the statement?

A.—Of course, how could we extort money from people.

( 42 )

Q. .—Did you try to extort money from anybody?

A.-What power had we.

Q.-Did you?

A.-No.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. You assisted to prepare the draft of this petition to the Registrar General. How many else assisted in the drafting of the petition?

A.-The draft was only drawn up by two or three of us, but it was submitted to present and past members of Committee for approval, before it was fairly copied.

Q.-Was it referred to any one else?

A. Only the present and past Committee.

Q.-Not to any solicitors?

A.-No.

Q.-Nor any others off the Committee ?

A.It was also submitted to some men who had previously been on the Committee some years ago.

Q.-But to no one else?

A.-No.

The CHAIRMAN.-I cannot quite see the object of these questions, Mr. WHITEHEAD. What point of our enquiry do they touch on?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I wish to know by whom this document was

prepared.

The CHAIRMAN.-What has that to do with the enquiry?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-That is a part of the working of the Society.

The CHAIRMAN.-I don't see what bearing it has.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD (to witness).-This other memorandum from the Pó Léung Kuk, dated June 30th-a few days ago-and sent to the Chairman of this Committee, by whom was that drafted?

A.-When we knew there was an enquiry going on we thought it would be best to draw up a memorandum.

Q.-Who drafted it ?

A.-The English was drafted by a friend.

The CHAIRMAN.-Was it drawn up in Chinese or English ?

A.-It was drawn up in Chinese and then translated into English.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Who drafted the English portion?

A.-I gave it to a friend.

Q.-Was it a solicitor ?

A.-No.

Q.-Or a Government official ?

A.-No.

:

( 43 )

Q.-Who was it?

A.-I gave it to a friend.

The CHAIRMAN.-Let us know his name.

A. I asked a friend and he did it for me.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Was it drafted by the Committee or by a European?

notes.

A.-It could not be done by a European. He would not understand the Chinese

The CHAIRMAN.-Did you sign that document ?

A. Yes.

Q. And it was interpreted for you by Mr. Ho Fook ?

A. Yes.

Q.-Does it contain your views?

A. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.-I don't think it is within the province of this Committee to ask how he got this document drawn up. Here it is duly signed, surely that is enough.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I think that perhaps Mr. WHITEHEAD wants to know whether it was a member of this Committee who did it.

The CHAIRMAN.-Then why has'nt he the pluck to say so, if that is what he is insinuating. Let him speak out if he means to say that some member of this Committee has drafted that document. Is that what you mean to say?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I am not prepared to answer that question. I want the witness to answer it. I am very sorry he won't give the information.

Honourable Ho KAI.-If any member of the Committee had done it, I think he would say so.

There are only. Mr. LOCKHART and myself who could have done it, as we are the members who see most of them.

This concluded the evidence of this witness.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD intimated that he had several witnesses he wished

to call.

The Committee adjourned sine die.

( 44 )

FIFTH MEETING.

Held July 14th, 1892.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART (Registrar General), Chairman.

ང་

3

F. H. MAY, (Acting Colonial Treasurer).

C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

""

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

""

Minutes.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed.

Mr. H. E. WODEHOUSE called.

The Evidence.

The CHAIRMAN.-You are Police Magistrate?

Witness.-I am Police Magistrate.

The CHAIRMAN.-Has any member any questions to ask Mr. WODEHOUSE? Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have you visited the Home of the Pó Leung Kuk Society?

A.-I have not.

Q.--From time to time I suppose cases have come before you from the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A. They have.

-And can you give us a brief history of how these cases have appeared before you, or any particular case?

A.-I think what usually takes place is that the detective, calling himself a detective of the Pó Léung Kuk, charges a certain person, or persons, with bringing either women or children into the Colony for the purposes of emigration or prostitution, and the women are then put into the box and their evidence taken.

Q.- -The Police in all cases being the prosecutor?

A. No, the Pó Léung Kuk being the prosecutor.

Q.-The Police neither appearing nor interfering in the matter?

A.-Neither appearing nor interfering.

Q.-Would it not be better to place such cases in the hands of the Police?

A.-I am of opinion that it would.

Q.-Instead of allowing the Pó Léung Kuk detectives or the Pó Léung Kuk Society to prosecute you think that it would be better that all cases, including the Pó Léung Kuk cases, should be in the hands of the Police ?

A.-Well, they are in the hands of the Police in this way, that before any charge is made the people are taken to the charge room at the Central Station and there charged before the Police inspector, but the Police inspector does not concern himself any more about it, and the case comes before the Magistrate as a case from the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q. Why does he not interfere?

A. He only interferes to this extent, that he puts the prisoner on the charge sheet, but he leaves the conduct of the case to the Pó Léung Kuk.

7

1

(45)

The CHAIRMAN.-You say in all cases the Pó Léung Kuk detective is the prosecutor?

A.-Or the district watchman. I did not say in all cases. I say in all cases brought by the Pó Léung Kuk. I did not say that the Police never bring up their own cases as well.

Q.---Do not Inspector LEE and Inspector HORTON bring many cases of kidnapping and offences under Ordinance 11 of 1890 ?

A.-Possibly.

Q.-Only possibly, you are not certain?

A. They may do so, I will not say that they do not.

Q.—The depositions taken at the Magistracy will show, I suppose, whether they have been in charge of cases?

A. They would show that.

Q.-So by referring to the depositions we may find out whether they were in charge of cases, or who was ?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Offences against the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance are referred, I understand, to the Registrar General and the Pó Léung Kuk, would it not be better to refer them direct to the Police ?

A.-My own view is that all cases in which a criminal charge is made should be in the hands of the Police and the hands of the Police alone, and I consider, in connection with cases brought by the Pó Léung Kuk, that the system is not advantageous in the interests of justice. For instance a case that came before me the other day was this. A Pó Leung Kuk detective boarded a steamer, or was on the wharf when the steamer arrived (I forget which) and saw people arriving from the steamer whom he suspected. He therefore put some questions to the different parties, and, his suspicions being confirmed, he took them to the Pó Léung Kuk. This was in the night time. The Pó Léung Kuk made an examination, investigated the case and examined the parties, including the prisoner, and decided that it should be made a criminal case, and therefore sent them to the Police Station. They were afterwards brought before the Magistrate. Now, I consider that the preliminary investigation was irregular and ought not to have been held.

The CHAIRMAN.-Was that case tried before you ?

A. Yes.

Q.-Did you

A.-I did not.

find the prisoner guilty?

-You discharged him?

A. Yes.

Q.--Where do you say the Pó Léung Kuk detective saw these people?

A.-I think they were just arriving from a steamer.

Q.-You are sure of that?

A.-I am.

Q.-You are sure that the detective was not coming down on the steamer from Canton and overheard a conversation between the parties on the steamer?

A.-I do not think he was, but I could easily refer to the case.

Q.-I think that he was on board. We could have the case of course?

A.-Certainly.

}

( 46 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Does the existence of the Pó Léung Kuk and its detectives interfere with the free and unfettered action of the Police in any way?

A.--I think it is calculated to, and I should say that very likely it does...

The CHAIRMAN.-What is your reason for that opinion?

A.-I consider that any body of this kind that assumes to itself functions that are properly Police functions is calculated to interfere with the course of justice.

Q.-Have you ever found that to be the case?

A.-I consider that the preliminary investigation-the prisoner and the other parties being examined—is calculated to interfere with the course of justice.

Q.-Have you ever known any other case similar to the one you have mentioned? A.-I am unable to say that. The case I spoke of was a recent case, but it has been my impression for a very long time.

Q. Can you refer us to any case?

A.-I should say that all cases in which the Pó Léung Kuk prosecute--in all cases there has been a preliminary examination either by the Pó Léung Kuk or Registrar General.

Q. Why do you say that?

A.-It is my impression from the hearing of the cases.

Q.-Merely an impression ?

A.-I will not say impression. The parties are always taken first to the Pó Léung Kuk or Registrar General.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I suppose that has come out in evidence?

A.-It has come out in evidence that they have been taken to the Pó Léung Kuk. The CHAIRMAN.-Who have been taken ?

A.-The parties.

Q.-The prisoner ?

A. The prisoner also.

Q.-Has it ever come out in evidence that the Registrar General has examined the prisoner and sent her up to the Magistrate ?

A.-I should say it is not done. I should say it is not done in consequence of representations made by the Magistrate.

Q.-

-Has the Magistrate ever made any representations to him?

A.-It is possible I have done so. I am under the impression that the practice of enquiring of the prisoner-of getting his statement-was stopped in consequence of representations made by the Magistrate.

Q.-You say the Registrar General has been in the habit of taking the statement of a prisoner and then sending him to the Magistrate to be charged?

A.-I am of the opinion that he used to do so.

Q.-Until what period of time?

A.-A recent period I should say.

Q.-What period do you refer to ?

A. Say within the last two years.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have you any idea what number of members there is in the Pó Léung Kuk Society?

A.-I have no knowledge of that.

( 47 )

܆

Q.-Are you of opinion that the existence of the Pó Léung Kuk and its detectives tends to make the Police more careless in looking after crime of the nature of kidnapping and so forth?

A.-I should say, certainly.

The CHAIRMAN.-Why?

A.-Because they do not consider it their business.

Q-The Police do not consider it their business?

A.—They consider that the Pó Léung Kuk and Registrar General are specially appointed to deal with that branch of crime and therefore they do not think it is their business.

Q.-Do the Police themselves ever have kidnapping cases?

A.-Very seldom indeed.

Q.-You say the Police regard it as no part of their duties to look after kidnapping ? A. That I imagine to be the tendency. Of course I am not aware of what the Police think in the matter.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Are you aware that hitherto the meetings of the Pó Léung Kuk Society have been held in a private manner?

A.--I have no knowledge of their meetings at all.

Q. Do you think that if the meetings of the Pó Léung Kuk were held openly, with the representatives of the Press present, that they would carry on their work as effectively as they do now?

A.-I think it would be impossible.

Q.-It would be impossible to carry on the work?

A.--I think that the kind of work they are engaged in is not for the public to know of, in the interests of justice.

Q.-Do they exercise in any way extra-judicial powers?

A.—I call it exercising extra-judicial powers when they investigate cases before they come before the Magistrate.

Q.-You are aware that girls are detained in the Home of the Pó Léung Kuk without having any public trial before a Magistrate ?

A.-As prisoners?

without

-Not as prisoners; but women are detained in the Home of the Pó Léung Kuk

any trial having been held before a Magistrate ?

A.-I am not able to say that.

Q.-You do not know?

A.--I am aware that girls are housed there, but I imagine they have been sent there by the Registrar General in most instances.

Q.--If detectives were lent to the Society, as is proposed in the concluding section of the proposed Ordinance,* what effect would it have on the Police? (Section 19 read.)

A.--I should say a prejudicial effect.

Q.-More or less demoralising?

A.-I consider that it is inexpedient to have two bodies dealing with crime like that, and that the danger is that many criminals will escape in consequence of there not being a proper understanding between the two bodies.

See Appendix 28,

( 48 )

Q.--Perhaps you remember that in 1878 a petition was addressed to the Govern- ment praying for permission for the formation of an anti-kidnapping association?

A.--I am aware of that.

Q.--And that a report and recommendations were made by the Committee appointed to enquire into it, and that a statute was drafted by Mr. FRANCIS? Have you read that report?

A.--Not since that time.

Q.-You read it at the time?

A.--Yes.

Q.--Then do you remember that one of the rules stipulated that the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk should report to the Captain Superintendent of Police every morn- ing as to what they did?

A.-I cannot remember that.

Q.-Would it tend to make the Pó Léung Kuk more effective if such a stipulation was enforced?

A.--My opinion is, as I have said, that such powers ought not to belong to the Pó Léung Kuk at all, but should remain in the hands of the Police.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-A case came on in Court last November before Mr. WISE. I have an extract here from one of the papers-I think it is the China Mail. It is a charge against one of the Officers of the Society. The report reads as follows *

·

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have you had any similar case to that brought before you?

A.-I am unable to say at this moment.

Q.-That which I have read very clearly shows that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives are unable to detect this class of crime. Would it not be much better that it should be left in the hands of the Police?

A-I consider, much better. I think it is altogether a mistake to have Police powers entrusted to a corporate body of that kind and I am unaware of any necessity for it. I am not aware why the Police should not be found competent to deal with this crime.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Then it is your opinion that the Pó Léung Kuk does no good work at all?

A.-I am not of that opinion. I am simply of that opinion in regard to cases in which the Pó Léung Kuk exercises Police functions, but in its more charitable func- tions-in rescuing women and children-I am not at all desirous of saying that I do not consider they do good work. It is merely when they assume functions which I consider do not belong to them, as not being a constitutional body in dealing with that work, that I disagree with it.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you know anything of the working of the Pó Léung Kuk Society?

A.-Only what I see of it.

Q. Where have you seen it?

A.--Merely in cases which come before me.

Q.-Have you had numbers of kidnapping cases brought before you by the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes, but none that might not have been done by the Police equally well.

* See Appendix 33.

( 49 )

Q.

A great many cases?

A. Yes.

Q.-They have been more frequent lately?

A.-I have no returns.

The CHAIRMAN.Here is a return furnished by the Magistrates.

*

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you think that the cases could have been equally well done by the Police?

A.-Quite as effectively. What is there in kidnapping beyond the competency of the Police to tackle?

Q.-Only the fact that the Pó Léung Kuk exists brings it about that the cases are brought up by the Pó Léung Kuk instead of the Police ?

A.-I think so.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have there been more cases lately than formerly?

A.-I am unable to say, but I am willing to take this return.

Q.-This return shows a very large increase at any rate in 1891. No less than 117 cases were recorded in that year.

A. As against?

-As against 46 in the previous year and 95 in the year before that. Honourable F. H. MAY.-Do you think, Mr. WODEHOUSE, that it would be possible to associate the Captain Superintendent of Police with the Pó Léung Kuk, and on the Committee?

A.-I do not think so.

put him

Q.-I mean so that the Police might have the co-operation of the Pó Léung Kuk in getting information, but leaving the actual discharge of the Police duties to the Police.

A.-I am of opinion that the Police are perfectly competent to deal with this matter themselves and there is no necessity for an outside institution like the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.-Except in so far as...

A. As their charitable functions are concerned.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You mean in dealing with women after they are rescued?

A. Yes.

Q.-Finding a home for them?

A. Yes; regarding which I express no opinion.

The CHAIRMAN.-You have your opinion?

A.-I express none.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. This division of responsibility at present between the Pó Léung Kuk and the Police, you think, tends to make the Police more remiss?

A.-I certainly think so.

Q. And that in consequence the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk have greater opportunities for improper dealings than they otherwise would have-for instance squeezing?

A.--I am not sure of that-I am not sure that they have greater opportunities than they otherwise would have.

* See Appendix 31.

(.50 )

Q.-They have more cases to deal with?

A. Yes. I consider they have great opportunities.

Q.-For squeezing?

A. Not more, say, than the Police would have under the same circumstances.

The CHAIRMAN.-You have been acquainted, of course, with the law affecting the protection of women and children in this Colony for many years ?

A. Yes, as Magistrate. I have been Magistrate since 1880.

Q.-You have also been Acting Registrar General ?

A. For four months only.

-You have been acquainted with the law as such?

A.The law was not in force when I was Registrar General.

Q.-Not the present law, but a law dealing with the question of women and girls?

A.-There was a law regulating emigration and the licensing of brothels law also.

Q.-There was a commission appointed to enquire into that also?

A. Yes.

Q.-Speaking as one who has had experience of those matters do you consider that the protection of women and children is greater now than it used to be?

A.-I am quite unable to say.

Q.-Unable to say?

A. Yes.

Q.-Even speaking from the records of the Magistracy are you unable to say that the cases now are not as frequent as they used to be?

A.-I should say that there is always a certain amount going on and it depends upon the activity of the Police or whoever may be Captain Superintendent at the time. being, whether there is any improvement.

Q.--You don't know whether there is any improvement?

A.--I do not know.

Q.-Do you consider that respectable Chinese gentlemen engaged in the work of achieving this improvement ought to be encouraged in their efforts to co-operate with the Government?

A.-Certainly, I think we ought all to co-operate, we are all interested in that.

Q. To what extent do other nationalities show their interest in putting a stop to the evil?

A.--I do not know of any way in which they can.

Q.-- You know that the Chinese have formed a Society here for the prevention of kidnapping?

A. I do not know that that is the sole object. It is kidnapping among other things I believe.

Q. Do you consider that that is a thing to be encouraged or not?

A.-If it can be done constitutionally, yes. I consider it most important that whatever is done should be constitutional, that is to say, done within the lines of what is recognised to be the regular constitutional method of doing things.

( 51 )

Q-What is unconstitutional about the present proposed mode of encouraging these gentlemen?

A. I consider, as I have pointed out before, that the preliminary investigation is unconstitutional. I can refer to a case* that I believe occurred last year, which I have been informed of, in which a man was kept seven days by the Pó Léung Kuk before any charge was made and was then brought before the Magistrate and convicted. is utterly wrong in my opinion.

Q.-A man was kept seven days you say?

That

A. A man or a woman. I can give my authority. Another case † which I can refer to is one in which a woman, who was a concubine, ran away from her husband and she was taken up in Hongkong by a European. After a time the husband came looking for her and in the meantime he had become blind. The Pó Léung Kuk sent for this woman and insisted on her paying $50 for the maintenance of the man on account of his blindness. That I consider irregular.

Q.-Do you know this case of your own knowledge?

A. Not my own knowledge.

Q.-Will you give us your authority? You are only giving the information. second hand and it is only fair to all parties concerned that the names should be given.

A. With regard to the woman who ran away from her husband I am not quite prepared to give my authority at this moment, but with regard to the other man who was detained for seven days my authority is Inspector KEMP.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Do you think this other case will be on record in the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I do not know how they do things there. I do not know any thing about the internal working. My main objection to this kind of thing is not merely to such things as have taken place but to the system which allows it to be possible that such things should occur. Even if they have happened we do not know of it and it seems to me to be irregular to leave it possible for such things to happen at all. The seven days' deten- tion case arose out of a case in which the people had been taken to the Pó Léung Kuk for the preliminary examination.

Q-Was the man taken before the Police Magistrate ?

A. He was, and I believe he was convicted.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-After seven days' detention in the Pó Léung

Kuk?

the

A. That is what I am told.

The CHAIRMAN.-How was it the Magistrate did not find it out?

A.--He would not be likely to know. I was not Magistrate, I have not looked up

I am merely telling you what I have been told.

case,

The CHAIRMAN.-It seems extraordinary.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-We can call Inspector KEMP.

Honourable Ho KAI.--You say the prisoner was kept seven days in the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A. So I am told.

Q.-Before he was brought before a Magistrate?

A. So I am told.

* Sec Appendix 21.

† See Appendix 22.

( 52 )

Q.-Do you know whether the Police authorities make any preliminary investiga- tion before they bring the case before the Magistrate ?

A. I should say they certainly did. They hear the complaint which is made, and caution the prisoner and ask him if he has anything to say. If he makes any state- ment it is taken down in writing.

Q.--Why do you object to the preliminary examination by the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.—The Police inspectors are sworn in and 'submit themselves to examination and cross-examination on the history of the case when it comes before the Magistrate, without any difficulty. In cases where there is a preliminary examination before the Pó Leung Kuk or the Registrar General there is no enquiry possible into the original investigation. The parties do not appear to be examined or cross-examined.

Q.-The Magistrate can summon the parties if he likes?

A. He can do so, but it would be taking responsible officials from their duties, and they would not know whom to ask or call.

Q.-Do you know a case where it might be necessary to send to the Pó Léung Kuk or the Registrar General and examine them?

*

A. I have done so. I have sent for the Registrar General. It gives a great deal of trouble and necessitates remands for one has to suit the convenience of all parties with regard to time. It seems to me to be quite unnecessary. I don't see why the present preliminary proceedings are necessary. There are the Police for the purpose. I do not know why the work should not be done by them. It is not as though these detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk traced any particular crime. They simply arrest the parties instead of the Police.

Q.-Is not that detective work?

A. They hear that a man is on a steamer and the detective arrests him and brings him

up

if he thinks it is a likely case.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Do you mean to say that when a person is arrested by a Pó Léung Kuk detective the first man he should be brought before is the Police inspector?

A. Yes, that is what I say.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-And thence to the Magistrate?

A. Yes.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Is not that the way in which it is done?

A. No, he is first taken before the Pó Léung Kuk, and that affects the case, it affects the history of the case.

The CHAIRMAN.-Does it affect the facts ?

A.-The case does not come to the Magistrate in direct freshness. If a man is arrested on a charge he ought to be taken to an inspector of Police and charged, not taken first to some outside body to ascertain whether there is a charge or not.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--In the evidence which I read from the extract of some Police Court proceedings it is clearly laid down that the Pó Léung Kuk has judicial powers.

A. Yes, it exercises judicial powers.

Q.--And you are of opinion that instead of the Society exercising those powers they should be exercised by the Police?

A.--I am.

Q.-That the dual control of crime tends to make its detection less complete? A.--I should say so.

( 53 )

The CHAIRMAN.-You don't think the Pó Léung Kuk have assisted the Govern- ment in suppressing kidnapping?

A.-Certainly they have. They have assisted it because they have done the work instead of the Police.

Q.--You think the Police have entirely neglected kidnapping?

A.--No, not entirely, but to some extent.

Q.-You know Ordinance 11 of 1890 ?

A. Yes.

Q.-Under that Ordinance the Registrar General has given to him certain powers to deal with girls and it is absolutely necessary that many of these people charged before

you must go before him in the first instance?

A. If that is so I consider that it is a drawback to the Ordinance.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Are you aware that that Ordinance is on its trial and that the Secretary of State requires a report as to its working?

1

A. I believe that is the case.

Q. Within a specified time?

A. Yes.

Q.-The complaints against it are pretty loud?

A.-I have not heard any.

Q.-The powers given in that Ordinance are very large ?

A.-Very.

Q.-Very wide extra-judicial powers ?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you consider them desirable? Do you consider it desirable that such powers should be in the hands of any one man?

A. That is a very large question and unless it is included within the scope of the enquiry I do not think I ought to answer it.

The CHAIRMAN.-The Ordinance in force has been approved by the Secretary of State?

A. Yes.

Q.-And a similar Ordinance is in force in Singapore ?

A. Yes.

Honourable Ho KAI.-One of the chief objects of the Pó Léung Kuk Society when first formed was to assist the Government in the detection of crimes of kidnapping and other kindred offences?

A. Yes.

Q. -Are you of opinion that they have failed in that particular?

A.--I am not of opinion that they have failed, but I think the Police could have done it quite as well.

Q.-That is another question--are you of opinion that they have failed?

A. When I consider the way in which the whole matter of women is concerned here it is very difficult to answer that question--I mean to say that I am aware that there are a great number of brothels; people buy women, and sell them, and bring the:n up for the purpose, and this question of kidnapping touches merely the fringe of the subject. It is impossible to say whether the Society has failed.

( 54 )

Q.-They have assisted the Government in the detection of kidnapping?

A. They have brought up several cases.

Q.-Several! We have a return here which shows 147 last year.

A.--Well, numerous cases.

Honourable Ho KAI.-You know that the scheme was approved by the Secretary of State, and there have been thousands of cases brought up during the last 10 or 11 years-thousands of cases-and in many of these cases convictions were obtained, that shows that the Society has not failed to do what they proposed-to help the Govern- ment in the detection of the crime of kidnapping.

A.—I do not consider there has been any failure.

Whether there has been success

or not is another thing. I do not consider there has been any success.

The CHAIRMAN.-Not, when the figures reach thousands?

A. I cannot help remembering that almost every woman in every brothel, is a purchased woman. She is sold for prostitution and for prostitution only and it is by a system of sale and purchase only that the numerous brothels in Hongkong are filled and replenished. So long as that exists I do not think we can talk of success.

Q.-

-With regard to these women are you aware that in nine cases out of ten they have been prostitutes before they come to Hongkong?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I don't think we are enquiring into prostitution. Honourable F. H. MAY.-The gist of your evidence, Mr. WODEHOUSE, goes to show, I take it, that in your opinion you won't go the length of saying that the Po Léung Kuk have failed in their duty ?

A. Certainly not.

Q.-But undesirable results have arisen from the fact that they have been entrusted with Police powers ?

A.-I consider that it is undesirable that they should perform Police duties. Q.-You don't go so far as to say that the fact of endowing them with Police duties has led to improper practices on their part ?

A. Only so far as I think it an undesirable system, and, I think, calculated to encourage them.

Q.-Then you say that they have not failed to perform their duty in your opinion, but that the system of conferring those duties and Police powers upon them is what they ought never to have been asked to do?

A.-I consider so.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-If no such Society were in existence the Police would probably have brought these thousands of cases themselves, and got convictions against these kidnappers ?

A.-Every one of them I should say.

The CHAIRMAN.-How do you account for the fact that before this Society was established there were so few prosecutions?

A.-The Police might not have been active.

Q.-That is how you account for the fact that there were so few cases?

A.-I cannot account for it in any other way. In the nature of the cases there is not the least reason why the Police should not have brought the cases themselves. Possibly kidnapping was not so extensive then as now.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Then you consider that the establishment of the Pó Léung Kuk Society from the beginning, eleven years ago, was a mistake?

A. For charitable purposes, No, but for Police purposes, Yes.

i

( 55 )

-A mistake, as they are doing the work now?

A.-Individually I should say, Yes, on constitutional grounds.

The CHAIRMAN.-You think the regulations approved by the Secretary of State were unconstitutional?

A. On constitutional grounds I should not be inclined to give these powers to the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.-Do you think it is not constitutional giving these powers to them?

A.—That is another thing. But it is more constitutional for the Police to do this work than for the Po Léung Kuk to do it.

Q.-You don't call it unconstitutional to give these powers to them?

A.-I do not say that. I suppose powers can be given, but I consider it more cons- titutional to give them to the Police. I am strongly in favour of all such cases as crime being treated constitutionally. We have a regular body of Police and unless it is proved to be incompetent, it is proper that such body should discharge these duties.

The CHAIRMAN. We have the fact that before the establishment of the Pó Léung Kuk the cases were very few.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It is not before us.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you read the Blue Book?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--I should like to see it. I don't know whether there was an Ordinance in existence then.

The CHAIRMAN.-What! not against kidnapping?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-At any rate it was found necessary to materially alter it.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The Ordinance then in force was not as effective

perhaps.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Certainly not.

Honourable Ho KAI.-We are not considering that.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I understood you to say, Mr. WODEHOUSE, that as far as the Home was concerned, you thought the Society was doing good work?

A. I have not expressed any opinion about that.

Honourable Ho KAI.-We are taking the Pó Léung Kuk as it exists now, not only as a Home for destitute women and girls but as an assistance to the Government to bring kidnappers and such criminals to justice.

Honourable C. P. CHATER. You object to the investigation of cases before they go to the Magistrate?

A. If the Police were not found competent to deal with this crime, or supposing the crime was not dealt with properly, I should be inclined to improve the Police rather than establish an outside body like this.

Honourable Ho KA1.-You object to the establishment of the Pó Léung Kuk from the beginning, as it is now?

A.-To the extent that I have mentioned.

The CHAIRMAN. Did you ever raise your objection at the time it was formed?

A.--I do not know that my opinion was ever asked.

Honourable Ho KAI.-When was the Pó Léung Kuk established?

A.-Eleven years ago.

( 56 )

Q. -You were Police Magistrate?

A. I was appointed Magistrate at the end of 1880, and probably had no voice in the matter.

The CHAIRMAN.-You have brought attention to the matter lately?

A.--The case I mentioned I reported to the Government.

Q. During the eleven years you have been Magistrate have you ever drawn attention to the matter before?

A. To the Registrar General sometimes I should say.

Q.-In what way?

A. In this particular way.

Q.-What is that?

A.--No, I am not sure that I have drawn attention to the matter before.

Q.-During eleven years you have only found it necessary to call attention to the Pó Léung Kuk once, and that since this Committee was appointed ?

A. Yes, I think so. I cannot remember it.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You may have done so verbally?

A. I have never changed my opinion at all. I have always been of the same opinion. It is not a matter in which it would be appropriate to thrust forward my opinion, considering that much better people than myself have considered the Society advisable. When I went into the question of Chinese brothels I expressed my opinion, I said that the impression left on my mind was how very little indeed all our efforts for the protection of women and children are effective.

The CHAIRMAN.-Would you abandon them on that account?

A. Certainly not.

Honourable HO KAI-You are not aware of the cause which led to the establish- ment of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.—I am not, except so far as they have been stated by the Registrar General. I have no knowledge of them myself. I have been asked to express my views on privileged occasions on the Pó Léung Kuk, and I have expressed them.

has ?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How many members do you think the Society

A.-I have no knowledge.

Q.-Would you be surprised if you were told that there were not more than 100 ?

A. I have no idea about the matter.

Q.-Would you regard it as representative of the Chinese if there are not more than 60 or 70 members? Would you call that a representative Society?

A. Considering the leading men of which the Pó Léung Kuk is composed, I should certainly regard it as an influential and representative Society.

Q. Can you account for the number of members being so limited ?

A. I have no knowledge of the numbers.

The CHAIRMAN.-You know some members of the Pó Léung Kuk ? A.-Individually.

Are they eminently respectable men?

A.--Certainly.

Honourable Ho KAI.--Have you ever heard of any charges against them?

A.-No.

2

.

:

4

( 57 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—Nor charges brought against the detectives ?

A. That is another thing. I cannot remember any charge brought against any of the detectives, but in one or two cases I have been rather suspicious.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you been more suspicious of the Pó Léung Kuk detectives than the Chinese detectives ?

A.---No.

Q.-Or Police detectives?

A.-No.

Q.-You think they are pretty much of a muchness?

A.—I should say so; the only difference is that the one is a regularly constituted body, under oath, and under the superintendence of officers, and the other is not. My whole objections go upon constitutional grounds.

Honourable Ho KAI-Your objections are not based upon any new reports you have heard or any charges that you have against them of corruption?

A.-No, such reports would not come in my way and I should not hear of them. Q.-No charges have ever been brought before you?

A.-No.

Q-Formally or informally?

A. I cannot recollect any.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-There is one question I should like to ask Mr. WODEHOUSE. You have no doubt read the new Ordinance* that is proposed?

A.-I did so at the time it came out.

Q. Do you think that that Ordinance might be allowed to pass?

A. The general effect of it is, I understand, to give powers to the Pó Léung Kuk which they do not now possess and invest them with judicial functions more or less. Το any extent to which it gives them Police or judicial functions I should be opposed to it.

Q.-On the grant of money?

A. For what purpose?

Q.-For the maintenance of a Home for unfortunate women?

A.—I consider that such a Home, if properly conducted and under proper super- vision, is a very good thing.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Deserving of the support of the Government, of a grant?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The Ordinance says that the Chinese have sub- scribed $30,000, and they ask the Government to contribute a certain sum also.

A. I do not think it is quite within my province to express an opinion, consider- ing that the matter has been approved by the Government and that the measure is brought forward by the Government.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.

You mean that it passed the Executive Council?

A.-I thought that approval had been expressed of it by the head of the Govern- ment in Legislative Council.

The CHAIRMAN.-You know of course that the Society can register itself under the Companies Ordinance?

A. Yes.

"

* See Appendix 28.

-58 )

Q.-Do

-Do you think it would be better to have the Society associated with the Government or have it registered as a private society independent of the Government and its association?

A.--I am not able to answer this question without more knowledge regarding it than I at present possess.

Honourable Ho KAI-You say that they should not assist the Government at all in the detection of crime but simply confine their attention to the Home?

A. I think so They might still assist the Police in the detection of crime. Q.-In what way ?

A. In any way that occurred to them. There is no reason why they should not assist the Police. I consider that crime should be dealt with through the instrumentality of the Police.

Q. And that they should go direct to the Police instead of going through the Registrar General's department?

A.-I believe that the cases which go before the Registrar General are simply cases connected with Ordinance 11 of 1890 and that Ordinance provides that the persons must go before him.

Q.-You think that so far as the Home for rescuing girls exists for a charitable purpose the Government should support it?

A.-I think so.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-And further that that Home should be under the control of, say, the present members of the Pó Léung Kuk permanent board, and that the ultimate disposal of the girls, whether they are married or returned to their country, or however they may be dealt with, should be left to the majority of that committee?

A. It is impossible for me to say that, without knowing more than I do about the working of the institution.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--I don't know whether I am in order, but did you ask Mr. WODEHOUSE whether it would be better for the Society to work as heretofore or to be put under some official control? Because I was going, to remark that from all the evidence it has been most distinctly stated by all Chinese advocating the cause of this Ordinance being passed, that they want it simply because they, in that case, would have the majority of votes, so as to overrule the Registrar General.

Honourable Ho KAI.-No, no.

The CHAIRMAN.-I do not accept that summing up, Mr. CHATER, but that is a point we need not go into now.

Major-General A. H. A. GORDON called.

The CHAIRMAN.---You are Captain Superintendent of Police ?

A. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.-The members of this Committee have expressed a wish to ask you a few questions relative to the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Have you ever visited the Home of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--No.

Q.-You have never attended any meetings of the Committee of the Society? A.-No, never.

Q.-You are aware that the Society has several detectives?

A.--Yes.

*

( 59 )

Q.-Have you ever known any of the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk interfering with the Police in the execution of their duties?

A.-No, not personally.

Q.-You never heard of any member of the Pó Léung Kuk interfering with a constable on one of the wharves ?

A. Yes, there was a case of that kind about three years ago.

Q. He endeavoured to force his way into one of the wharves in opposition to the instruction of the constable?

A.--Such was the case.

Q.-Matters under the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance are now referred to the Registrar General and the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--We in the Police communicate with the Registrar General but not with the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q-But the case first of all goes to the Pó Léung Kuk and the Registrar General ? A.-I am not aware of the Pó Léung Kuk in that respect. When the Police are aware of cases affecting women they always communicate with the Registrar General and act in co-operation, unless, of course, the case was first brought before the Magistrate by the Police.

Q.-With regard to the case of interference with a constable on duty by a member of the Pó Léung Kuk, can you tell us about the results or consequences?

A. Yes, I could relate the circumstances from memory; there are no docu- ments to refer to. A Chinese gentleman, who said he was a member of the Pó Léung Kuk, came to me and complained, and his complaint against the constable was that he had refused to recognise his authority as a member of the Pó Léung Kuk and that he had the right to order the Police about. I sent for the man concerned and asked what his statement was in the presence of this gentleman. The man was a European constable, and he said that he had received orders on one particular occasion to close the gate to the pier that belonged to the Steamboat Company. I forget the reason but no one was to be allowed to go in or out. The Chinese gentleman came up and produced his papers which purported that he was a member of the Pó Léung Kuk and he insisted on his right to be passed in.

Q.-Was he passed in?

A.-The constable, who was a recruit, I am afraid, answered somewhat rudely for which I admonished him. He said that the gentleman might belong to any Society he liked. The gentleman insisted that the constable should be punished, which I declined to do. I referred him to the Magistrate.

Honourable Ho KAI-What did he want to go in for?

A. He said that he wanted to go in as a member of the Society. There might be women on board the steamer that he wished to see. He did not tell me positively however. I of course denied that he had the right to order the constable.

The CHAIRMAN.-There was no attempt on the part of this gentleman to interfere unnecessarily with the Police?

A. No, he wanted to get past and the constable would not let him.

Q.-There was no attempt to hide it?

A. On the contrary, he came to see me and went away very dissatisfied. Q.--And the policeman knew that the Pó Léung Kuk had absolutely no power to give him orders ?

A.-Certainly, as a matter of fact the policeman was a recruit and he had not heard of the Pó Leung Kuk Society and therefore he would not let the man in.

( 60 )..

Q-I suppose the Police do know that the Pó Léung Kuk have no power to give orders to the Police ?

A.-Certainly.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In the proposed Ordinance in connection with the Pó Léung Kuk, section 19, you will see...............

A-I know it.

Q-It says that "It shall be lawful for the Governor in his discretion to direct a certain number of detectives and constables to be placed at the service of the Society on such terms and under such conditions as His Excellency may sanction." Do you think it would be desirable that the Governor should do this?

A. No, I think not. I think it is contrary to the principles of Police administra- tion and injurious to discipline.

Q.--Have the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk up to the present interfered in any way with the execution of the duty of the Police?

A. Such has never come to my knowledge.

The CHAIRMAN. Perhaps you may have read the rules sanctioned by the Secretary of State with regard to the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.-Some time since I did.

Q.-They say that detectives may be placed at the disposal of the Society by permission of the Governor. As a matter of fact have detectives ever been placed at the disposal of the Society?

A.-Never in my time.

Q. Do you consider that the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk are an assistance in this Colony in suppressing the crime of kidnapping?

A.-I could not positively answer that. I think they ought to be.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Are the Police incompetent to detect kid- napping?

A.--I think not. I do not think the Police are incompetent to deal with it, but of course this is only a small thing among their multifarious duties, and when they get -help such as the Society at home for the protection of women and children it is a great assistance to the Police. In the same way here. There is so much of this kind of crime that a Society which devotes itself to the detection of it specially must be an assistance if the two work harmoniously.

Q.--Do you think they do work harmoniously?

A.--I think they work independently. I think that the Pó Léung Kuk should consult the Police in these matters. If the Pó Léung Kuk reported the cases direct to the Police it would be better. What I understand is that the Pó Léung Kuk arrest and keep people locked up without the knowledge of the Police. The Police dare not keep a man locked-up more than 24 hours unless a Sunday happens to intervene, with- out bringing him before a Magistrate. If the Pó Léung Kuk find out any thing wrong let them bring the man to the Police, who will charge him before a Magistrate at once.

Q. What makes you think that the Pó Léung Kuk lock people up for a long time?

A.--I have heard it. I have heard that they arrest people and afterwards release them which is not in my opinion at all regular. If we arrest a man we must bring him before a Magistrate, we cannot release him. I have heard these things in conver- sation. I do not know it personally. I have heard it said that men are arrested by the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk and sometines released again, and nobody knows of it.

T

true.

( 61 )

Q.-Have you heard of a man being detained for seven days by the Pó Léung Kuk? A.-I heard something said of that the other day. I don't know whether it is

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you regard the detection of kidnapping as part of the duties of the Police ?

A. Yes, decidedly.

Q. Do you think that the fact of having the Pó Léung Kuk has made the Police any more remiss in the detection of this crime ?

A.—I cannot say that that is my opinion although things reported to me by one of my Inspectors tend to support that view. I think that if the Police knew of any case they would instantly bring it to my knowledge..

Q.--You as head of the Police do not think that it has made them remiss?

A.-No.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You have had a report...

A. Yes.

-Can you give us it?

A. It is confidential, but I should say that there is no objection to you having it, as this is a private investigation.

The CHAIRMAN.-A full report will be published.

Witness.-Will confidential documents be published ?

The CHAIRMAN.-Certainly.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I think we might see it and not publish it.

The CHAIRMAN.-I think it must be published. What is the subject of the report ?

A. The subject is the Pó Léung Kuk's detectives and also some of my water police detectives. It is also on the subject of women and children and emigrants surreptitiously got at. I wanted the report and it mentions those things. If such a report were published, a great deal of which is without proof, it would be libellous. but I have not the slightest objection to the Committee seeing the report if it is not to be published.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-All the Committee want is the expression of opinion of the Inspector.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I should very much like the report to be pro- duced on the understanding that we do not publish it.

Witness. The report gives details of bribes being given, and where persons have been smuggled out of the Colony without the knowledge of the authorities. The report is on a subject which I have taken great interest in.

The CHAIRMAN.—The report includes the Police detectives and the Pó Léung Kuk detectives?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I think the report might give us some valuable information which might not otherwise come before us. We could make use of the information in getting inspectors, say, to substantiate it.

The CHAIRMAN.-You say, General GORDON, that they are mere allegations?

Witness.-Yes, of course, if I could prove that they were true I should proceed with them. These are matters of rumour, but nobody would come forward to give evidence about them, for they would incriminate themselves.

( 62 )

Honourable Ho KAI.-A report like that you would never think of publishing

yourself?

A.-Never, it is a report that I would, if there is any occasion to submit it to the Governor, mark "confidential," and it is a report that no clerk in my office has seen, a report which I have only for my own information.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I think that the report would tend a good deal to throw light on the whole subject. We are groping in the dark and seeking for information and proper authorities.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I beg your pardon. I am not groping in the dark.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You have more experience of the subject than some other members of the Committee.

Honourable F. H. MAY.- I think that the report deals in the main with questions which do not concern this Committee at all. No doubt General GORDON could let us have an extract of the part referring to the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Yes, we should like an extract.

Witness. It must not be published.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. We won't publish it.

Witness. In that case I will send it.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I am against all this sort of thing. If there is any charge of any kind let it be published and the name of the author.

The CHAIRMAN.---I do not think this Committee has any right to receive a docu- ment and not publish it-so, General GORDON, if the Committee receive this document it will be published.

Witness. Then I shall not produce it without orders from the Governor. Honourable Ho KAI.-We only want an extract, not the whole document. Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Without giving names.

Witness.--I will consider it but even if that only is to be published I should like the Governor's sanction first. If you like I will apply to the Governor and ask him to what extent I should produce it.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-We should be glad of it. There would be no objection to furnish the Governor with it.

A.—The Governor is entitled to the report. If there were any action to be taken on it I should have sent it long ago.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Do you know whether the Pỏ Léung Kuk exercises any judicial powers?

A. They cannot; they have no judicial powers.

Q.-As a matter of fact do you know whether they exercise police or judicial powers?

A.-I am told they arrest persons, and that, of course, is a Police power, but I haven't seen it myself.

Q.-I would draw your attention to the proceedings which took place in the Police Court on November 24th last year. (Extract read.) *

A. I was not here at the time, probably I do not know any thing about it.

Q.-There you see the Society exercises Police powers.

A.—I have read that. I have heard that they arrest persons but I do not know it as a fact of my own personal knowledge.

*See Appendix 33

I

( 63 )

Q.-Therefore it is clear that the Pó Léung Kuk exercises judicial powers and police functions?

A. That is not a judicial power-an arrest-it is a police function.

Q-Are you aware that a petition was sent in 1878 to the Government from FUNG MING SHAN and others asking permission to form an anti-kidnapping asso- ciation ?

A.—I have heard of it in connection with the history of the Pó Léung Kuk. Q.-You have not read it?

A.-I think I have read it. I was aware that they were incorporated under a petition which went home to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. I am aware of the matter generally.

Q.-A Committee was appointed to enquire into that and a statute was drafted by Mr. FRANCIS. Have you read it?

A.-No.

Q.-You are not aware that one of the rules of this Statute stipulates that the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk were to report to the Captain Superintendent of Police daily what they were doing in the matter of the detection of crime?

A. I was not aware of that. This is the first I have heard of it.

Q.-Are you of opinion that that would be a good thing for the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk to do?

A.-I think it would be the proper thing.

Q.-It is not done now ?

A.-No, it is not.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you found that the Police Department and the Registrar General's Department in the matter of detecting crime-kidnapping—work harmon- iously?

A. Perfectly harmoniously.

Q.--Do you think that the co-operation of the two departments tends to suppress kidnapping more than it would otherwise?

A.--Decidedly.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You told us a short time ago that you thought that the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk would do good service if they gave the information to the Police, and got the Police to arrest the kidnappers?

A. Yes.

.—But you followed it up by saying that you did not think it was a right course to pursue to keep men under arrest for several days?

A.-Quite so.

Q.-The proposed rules have altered it?

A.-It is not lawful I think.

Q. Do you mean that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives should give the information to the Police, and the Police arrest the supposed kidnappers, and bring them before a Magistrate, before any enquiry is made by the Pó Léung Kuk Society?

A. I mean to say this, that if the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk do arrest—as I understand they are authorised to arrest-they should take care that within 24 hours, or 48 hours if a Sunday intervenes, the persons should be brought before a Magistrate through the Police. They should not be detained without being brought before a Magistrate. They should be put upon the charge sheet and brought before him, and the case investigated openly.

( 64 )

Q-And that in no case should these men be released, unless they have been brought before a Magistrate?

A. Certainly not.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Do you think that in place of the system you have just described it would be preferable if the Pó Léung Kuk assisted the Police by giving all information in their power about kidnapping cases, leaving to the Police the duty of apprehending these kidnappers-in fact that the Pó Léung Kuk should entirely give up their police functions?

A.-I think not, because when you consider the facility with which kidnappers could escape I think the power given to the Pó Léung Kuk is a desirable power. I think that if they had to go to the Police first the persons might escape very often. I think in the interests of justice that it is an advantage that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives should be authorised to arrest.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you think it would be desirable to have the Captain Superintendent of Police on the permanent Committee (proposed by the new Ordinance) of the Pó Léung Kuk, as well as the Registrar General ?

A.-I don't think it is necessary. I rather think that the Pó Léung Kuk might be worked very much on the principle we have in England, like the Society for the protection of women and children.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Have they power to arrest ?

A.--No, they haven't.

Q. In one previous answer I think you said that the Pó Léung Kuk and the Police worked quite independently? Did I understand you rightly?

A.—Yes, the Pó Léung Kuk never appeals to the Police for assistance, as a rule.

Q.-Do you think it would be possible to devise some means by which the Pó Léung Kuk and Police could act more in cooperation?

A. Certainly.

Q.-By what means?

A. The plan I suggested just now, that every person arrested should be brought to the Police and put on the charge sheet, who are then bound to investigate the case and bring the man before a Magistrate.

Q.-You would also make the Pó Léung Kuk detectives report to you in the morning every day, or at any rate weekly?

A. Yes, they ought to report daily.

Q.-At the same time you would allow them to retain powers of arrest?

If they

A.-I think it is an advantage that they should be allowed to do so. abused that power, of course, they would be punished, but if they are compelled to bring every one before the Police as soon as arrested, I do not think they can do much

wrong.

Q.--In answer to the Chairman you said that you did not think there was any necessity to place the Captain Superintendent of Police on the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I don't think there is.

Q.-But under the system you would like to see introduced, by which greater co-operation would be obtained, surely the Pó Léung Kuk would be brought into much closer contact and relations with the Police than at present?

A.--Yes.

( 65 )

Q. If you had to take representations from their detectives, and if their detectives had to bring a man to the Police the moment he was arrested, don't you think that it would be necessary to have recourse to frequent communications with the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-There would be frequent communication no doubt, but it is not necessary on that account to assist in regulating their internal management.

Q.-But the management includes the management of the detectives who would be subordinate to you more or less?

A.—I think the detectives ought to be subordinate to the members of the Society.

Honourable T. H WHITEHEAD. And not to the Police ?

A. No, but as I have said the detectives should have no right to keep any one

under arrest.

Q.—Does the existence of the Pó Léung Kuk detectives interfere with the free exercise of the duties of the Police ?

A.-I don't think so.

Q.--You don't think that the Police are less energetic with kidnapping cases than if it was entirely in their control ?

A.-I think not on the whole. I believe that when a case is brought to the Police they act up to their duty, but of course they are aware that there is a special association which devotes itself to this branch of crime, and it is possible that they look out less for such cases because they know that.

Q. Is it not likely that results are less satisfactory than if it was left to the Police ?

A.-I don't think so. As long as the Pó Léung Kuk are regarded as assisting the Police they must help to diminish the crime.

Q. Without the aid of the Pó Léung Kuk do you think that the Police Force are incompetent to deal with the cases?

A.--Not at all. I don't think they are incompetent, but they have more assistance in having so many additional detectives looking out for this particular kind of crime.

The CHAIRMAN.--Do you not think that the assistance of so many respectable members of the Chinese community of Hongkong is valuable?

A. Yes.

-You think it would be well to encourage it?

A.-Certainly, if they go the right way about it.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you regard the Pó Léung Kuk and its work as thoroughly constitutional?

A.—I am in doubt about it. My impression received from a little intercourse is that the Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk seem to imagine that they have the right to control the Police, which of course they have not. I think there is some misunder- standing in that respect which ought to be removed. It was only the other day that a gentleman belonging to the Pó Leung Kuk came to see me and was somewhat indig- nant and surprised because I would not furnish him with a Police whistle. The Police whistle, as you must know, is a badge of office. The gentleman asked me for this and I declined, as I have said, to give it to him. The explanation of his request was "How is a Policeman to know that he has to obey me if I do not have the whistle?" I said

( 66 )

"You have no power at all to order a Policeman to do any thing any more than any other person has."

Every citizen can charge a man instantly and call on the nearest constable to arrest the man. You don't want any authority. The Police only take orders from their own officers. I mention that case because it illustrates what I say about the Pó Léung Kuk members appearing to think that they have power over the Police. I may say, however, that this is not only confined to the Chinese. It was the same with an English gentleman who thought that he had the right to employ one of my detectives as he liked without my knowledge.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-How long is it since this application for the whistle was made?

A. About 10 days ago.

Q.-Was the applicant a member of the Committee ?

A. He said he was. I don't know. I think he came with a note from you (Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART).

The CHAIRMAN.-No, it was not from me. But it has been a rule for all members of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk to have whistles.

WITNESS.-I refused to give them.

The CHAIRMAN. They used to be granted by the Captain Superintendent of Police.

:.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-General GORDON'S predecessor?

A. Yes.

-Under what regulation did your predecessor give those whistles?

A. I don't know of any regulation-as a matter of convenience I suppose. Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Do they use these whistles themselves, or are they for the detectives ?

A.-I think they mean them for themselves. I don't think the detectives had them. I objected to issue them. I had a discussion on that subject a long time ago with Mr. MITCHELL-INNES, who was very anxious that the Police whistles should be given—I stuck out against it however and was prepared to refer the question to the Governor if necessary.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Have you any intimate knowledge of the working of the Society at home which you have referred to ?

A.I have not.

-Could you describe the manner in which they work ?

A.-I could not.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Are you aware whether any Government Officials are members of the Society?

A.-I believe not, but I am not aware. I believe it is entirely a private Society maintained by private subscriptions with the encouragement of the Government.

Q.-It is entirely benevolent work ?

A. Yes, it is a very excellent work.

Q.-Supposing the Pó Léung Kuk Society ceased to exist, would it be possible to cope with the work now carried on by them?

A.-I think it is probable that I should ask for a few more detectives from the Government.

.

( 67 )

Q. -But you

could easily do it?

A.-I think so.

Q. What would you do with the girls?

A. We should require a place for them. I believe they are sent to the Tung Wa Hospital now.

Q.-At home how are they disposed of?

A.-Well, there is hardly this kidnapping there, you know. They take up a lot of unfortunate women to private homes and keep them.

Q.-There are such things as public homes ?

A.-There are reformatories.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-There are homes for fallen women?

A. Yes, they are privately kept up by private subscriptions. A number of excel- lent ladies go round the slums and get the girls to go in, but it is entirely private

work.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-If a home was established solely and simply for the temporary detention of these women and children until they were properly reinstated in some respectable way, does it seem to you that it could be done?

A.—I should think it could be done under the Registrar General as Protector of Chinese.

Q.-You would be disposed to approve of the Government giving a grant?

A. Certainly, where there is a regular supervision.

Q.

-Where Justices of the Peace could visit ?

A. Yes, in the same way as gaols and hospitals.

The CHAIRMAN.-Regular visitors?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-At present the Society's Home is not so visited?

A.-I understand it not open to the public. If it had been I should have gone to see it myself.

Q. Are you a Justice of the Peace ?

A.-I am.

The CHAIRMAN.-You never expressed any wish to go into the house?

A.-No, I did'nt.

-One point I wish to ask you about, the cases that come up under the Women and Girls' Ordinance (Ordinance 11 of 1890) are invariably sent to the Police and the charge laid before the Police?

A. Yes, they must be sent up from the Registrar General's Office, and brought before the Magistrate.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Do you know whether that is done before or after the investigation before the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. I cannot tell that.

1

( 68 )

The CHAIRMAN.-There is one more question the members wish to ask you. It is this. It has been stated that some of the runners of the Pó Leung Kuk are disreput- able and squeeze. That has been suggested by a member of the Police. You have already stated in a letter, General GORDON, that you don't know who made that state-

ment.

A.-I have no knowledge.

Q.-Do you know of your own knowledge of any squeezing?

A.-Not of my own knowledge, but I have heard of it.

-Have the rumours been confined to the Pó Léung Kuk detectives?

A.-Oh no, my own detectives just the same.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD--You have heard reports from the members of the Police Force?

A.--Yes.

Q.--Nothing definite?

A.--When a case is found against any Police constable of doing that he is brought before a Magistrate to be dealt with. I have had several cases of men taking bribes and squeezing, but on conviction by the Magistrate he is dismissed from the Force.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Can a subordinate communicate with the Governor without your permission or knowledge?

A.-No he has no right to do it until it

Q. Could he interview the Governor?

goes

before me.

A. If the Governor sent for him. Every subordinate ought to ask my permission for an interview with the Governor-I should then forward the application.

Q.-You don't know of such a communication having been made from a subor- dinate to the Governor, with regard to the matter of the Pó Léung Kuk detectives?

A.-No, no subordinate of mine has asked for an interview with the Governor since I have been Superintendent. The Governor can send for anyone of course,

The reason I ask is, that the Governor himself stated in Council that he had received information from a Police officer....

The CHAIRMAN.--A member of the Police force.

Honourable C. P. CHATER (continuing).—that the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk are disreputable and squeeze, and we want to find out who gave him that information.

WITNESS.-Why don't you ask the Governor ?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-We have, and we cannot get it. We thought perhaps you might know.

The CHAIRMAN.-Is it possible that any member of the Police force may have information on that subject?

A.--Yes certainly, Inspector STANTON for instance.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--How long have you been back ?

A.--Three monthis or three and a half months.

Honourable Ho KAI-You have been Superintendent of the Police two years? A.--Yes.

Q.-How many years have you been in Hongkong?

A-Seven years.

The Committee then adjourned until Thursday, July 21st 1892.

( 69 )

SIXTH MEETING.

Held July 22nd, 1892.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART (Registrar General), Chairman.

")

F. H. MAY, (Acting Colonial Treasurer).

C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

Minutes.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed.

The Evidence.

The Chairman then said-Gentlemen, since the last meeting there have been circulated among you a Chinese letter and translation received from the former Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk and a letter from the Captain Superintendent of Police with regard to a confidential report.* I have also just received another letter from the Captain Superintendent of Police in which he regrets that Chief Inspector MATHIESON will not be able to be present to-day as he has some Police duty to attend to. He will however be able to attend our next meeting.

I see Inspector KEMP is here to-day. I suppose that he has come in connection with the case mentioned last week by Mr. WODEHOUSE. I myself have made enquiries into it. We can question Inspector KEMP himself this afternoon. At the next meeting I propose to call Inspector LEE. I have made enquiries into the other case which you remember Mr. WODEHOUSE mentioned but would not give us the name of his informant. I have written to him for the name but have not yet received it. However, I have seen both parties in the case and I sent them to Honourable HO KAI, and at the next meeting I hope to have a full statement of the facts of the case to lay before the Committee.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Which parties do you refer to ?

The CHAIRMAN.-I mean the blind man and the woman. Mr. WODEHOUSE said the woman had been forced by the Pó Léung Kuk to pay $50 to the man.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You have seen both parties

you get?

What statement did

The CHAIRMAN.-I did not take the statement of the woman because I thought it would be better to leave the matter to an independent party as it had come before me previously. The Committee will be able to ascertain from Honourable Ho KAI what the facts were, and perhaps before our next meeting is held Mr. WODEHOUSE will have been able to give us the name of his informant, which he has not done yet.

Inspector STANTON called.

The CHAIRMAN.-You are an Inspector of Police, Mr. STANTON ?

WITNESS.-Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do any members wish to ask any questions? Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You have heard of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I have.

* See Appendix 18.

( 70 )

Q.--Do you know anything of its working?

A.-I do not know much about the internal working. Q.-Do you know that they have detectives?

A. Yes.

Q.-Are they of any assistance to you, to the Police ?

A.--Not to the Police, except in what they do towards detecting kidnapping cases. -Do you think that the duties they perform could be as efficiently performed by the Police?

A. Yes, I do.

Q. Do you think that at the present moment the Police are as vigilant in looking after kidnappers as they would be if there were no such Society in existence, having these detectives to do the work?

A.--I do not think they are.

Q.-That is to say that, if there were not these detectives, the Police would be more vigilant, and could do what the Pó Léung Kuk are doing now as efficiently, if not better, than they?

A.--I think that a great number of the Police look on the fact of there being these men to look after kidnapping cases as something which takes away the responsibility from themselves. They look upon it as if it was not a thing for them to interfere with.

Q.-When the Pó Léung Kuk detectives arrest these kidnappers do you know what they do with them? Do they take them to the Magistracy at once?

.

A. They take them to the Magistracy afterwards, but men are not always taken direct to the Police Station, not as soon as the arrest has been made.

Q.-Is the man first arrested and taken to the Pó Léung Kuk Society before he is taken to the charge room of the Police Station?

A. Sometimes, not always. Not in all cases.

Q. Do you know of your own knowledge whether every case of an arrest of a kidnapper, or suspected kidnapper, is taken before the Magistrate?

A.-That I could not say.

Q.-You don't know ?

A. If they are charged they are brought before a Magistrate.

Q.-But do you know whether every suspected kidnapper is taken before a Magistrate?

A.-I could not say.

Q. Can you give us any other information with regard to the Pó Léung Kuk Society? Do you know anything about its detectives? Are they a decent lot of fellows?

A.-Well, of course, it is hard to say that. There is always a change going on. Very few remain long. Two or three years, I think, is the usual thing and, as far as I know, as far as I believe, most of them eventually got dismissed for squeezing or something in connection with women and children. The rest either neglected their duty in some gross way or squeezing-squeezing, generally, I believe.

Q.--Do you know how many changes have taken place?

A. Several, I should think about seven or eight.

Q.-These were dismissed for either neglect of duty or squeezing?

A.-Nearly every case. There may have been one or two who have resigned.

f

( 71 )

Q.-More for squeezing than neglect of duty?

A. Of course, it is very difficult to find out the exact thing. I made some enquiries, and I instructed a Sergeant and Constable in the Police Force to make enquiries. They reported that one man was dismissed for neglect of duty, and that was in connection with a kidnapping case, one resigned, and the others were dismissed for squeezing. One of those dismissed for squeezing is now in gaol undergoing a sentence of four years. He was arrested by Inspector LEE afterwards-one of the Inspectors attached to the Registrar General's Department-for detaining a girl.

The CHAIRMAN.-At whose instigation was the arrest made?

A. I don't know. I think it was Inspector LEE or Inspector HORTON who had charge of the case.

The CHAIRMAN.-It was at the instigation of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Do many cases of offences against the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance go direct to the Pó Léung Kuk before they come before the Police?

A. I think so,-a great number, it is hard to say.

Q. And in your opinion should such be brought direct to the Police?

A.-In my opinion it would be better if they were.

Honourable Ho KAI.-When a suspected kidnapper is arrested, is he taken to the Registrar General or the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. They are taken to the Pó Léung Kuk when such a case happens in the evening,―a man arrested coming by one of the night boats, but subsequently they are brought before the Registrar General.

Q.-The next morning?

A. Yes, if it happens to be a week day.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-The Pó Léung Kuk detectives having to look after the crime of kidnapping, are any of the Police Force of opinion that they are relieved thereby of the duty of enquiring into such cases?

A.-I think a great many are under that impression.

Q.-Are you of opinion that the Police are quite competent to deal with such cases ?

A.—I am.

1

Q-Would the Police be more on the alert if there were no Pó Léung Kuk detectives engaged in the matter of kidnapping?

A.-I think so; if they were given to understand by the chief of the Police that they had to look after this particular crime as a part of their duty, and an important part of their duty.

Q.-In the early part of this year did you arrest LEUNG TS'EUNG, an informer of the Pó Léung Kuk, on a charge of squeezing?

A.-I did.

Q. What was the result?

A. He was sentenced to three months' imprisonment.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Was he an informer?

A. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN:-To whom?

A.-To the Pó Léung Kuk.

+

-How do you know that?

(72)

A. I know by being told so, and by the fact that he had taken the Inspector of your department to the house in which he was subsequently arrested. The wife and concubine were taken to the Pó Léung Kuk and detained there for two or three days.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Was any charge made against them?

A.-No, no charge.

The CHAIRMAN.-Who gave the information which led to the arrest ?

A.-I got it from a lukong, and he got it from the complainant in the case. The man had been to the complainant demanding money and threatening to put him in gaol unless he got a certain sum of money and he appointed a time for giving him this The information was sent to me and I went there and found the man with a

money.

$5 note which had previously been marked.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--The wife and concubine were taken to the Pó Léung Kuk and detained there some time?

A. Yes.

Q.-Without any charge being made against them?

A. Yes. That was given in evidence in the case by the complainant.

The CHAIRMAN.-You could refer us to the case I suppose at the Magistracy?

A.-I could get it.

Q.-You can find it out?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Are you aware that MоK CHI was convicted of assaulting a Chinaman last November?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do know how the assault arose ?

you

A.-I know that a woman, the wife of CH'AN Pò-SHÁN, gave evidence; and her story was that Mок CHI had tried to induce her to leave her husband and live with him.

Q.-Were the wife and mother taken to the Pó Léung Kuk and detained there? A.-They were all taken ashore and the wife and mother were taken to the Pó Léung Kuk and detained there.

The CHAIRMAN.-You are head of the detective force here?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you know TAK HING-TSAI (¿.e. CH'AN Pò-SHÁN)?

A. Yes.

Q. -What reputation does he bear?

A. Not very good.

Q.-You said just now that you thought that the Police would be able to perform these duties in the way of kidnapping as efficiently as the Pó Léung Kuk? If these matters were put into the hands of the Police the detectives would be under a European?

A. They would.

Q. Do you think that the Chinese who reside in Hongkong and who come from the mainland are not likely to be able to assist in such cases as these kidnapping cases, giving information and so forth which would lead to detection?

A. They could give information.

Q.-You think that the assistance of those gentlemen in that respect would assist in the suppression of the crime?

A. I think it would.

ļ

(73)

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Are you of opinion that any of the Pó Léung Kuk detectives abuse any of the powers conferred on them?

A. I hardly know what the powers are. But they do things which would not be tolerated in England by any private persons.

Q-Do you know anything of HAK KWAT MAN* who is supposed to carry on a large trade in women?

A. I have heard of him.

Q.

A.

Do you know whether he tried, some time ago, to pass a woman for Singapore? I heard so.

Q.-Was that woman taken afterwards to the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.-She was.

Q-Was she afterwards liberated on the payment of a certain sum of money ? A.-I heard so.

Q. What amount did you hear it was?

A.-$20.

Q.-As regards persons previously employed in the Pó Léung Kuk what reputa- tion did they enjoy?

cases.

A.-Most of them are said to have received money in connection with kidnapping

Is it within your own knowledge that any one or more of them were at all flush of money, that is to say had more than they would be likely to have considering the wages they were in receipt of?

A. The only one that I know much about is MA MUN. He afterwards started a large boarding-house and seemed to have plenty of money for some time. I could not say where it came from.

Q.-Is it notorious that money is paid to Pó Léung Kuk detectives for most women leaving the Colony for the purposes of prostitution?

A. I have heard so.

Q.-Have you heard how much is generally paid?

A.-I have heard two stories. I have heard that $12 is usually paid for women who are taken to a boarding-house called the "Kwong On" boarding-house on the Praya.

Q. Do many Canton and Macao women go there on arrival?

A. Yes, the woman who keeps the boarding-house has one at Canton and Singapore, and they are passed through these boarding-houses. It is said that there is some arrangement with the detectives. I have only heard these things of course. I cannot state it as a fact.

Q.--Can you tell us anything with regard to Wo CHEUNG, of the photographic shop, and of his connection with a Pó Léung Kuk detective or more than one ?

A.-I have heard some things said since he left. I have heard that there were two kinds of photograph used. That one kind had the name of the shop in red and the other in black, and these colours were used as a signal to those who passed the woman, so that they might know whether any money had been paid or not.

Q.--There was a woman named CH'AN YUK-SHÜ* recently detained without any charge being preferred against her at the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. The husband's name is CH'AN YUK-SHÜ. I don't know the woman's name. She lived at 54, Graham Street.

*See Appendix 23.

Q.

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Did she obtain release from the Pó Léung Kuk or is she still there?

A. She has been away a long time.

-Do you know how much was paid for her release?

A.-$20. Of course in that particular case, and in others which have been men- tioned it would be more satisfactory to get the persons here perhaps, and receive their own statements.

Q.-Did you know a former detective of the Pó Léung Kuk called WONG Iu who was dismissed for squeezing? Are you aware that he is a rich man ?

A.-I don't know.

Q.-Did you

know LAI SHEK-KAI who was also dismissed?

A.-I knew him at the time. I have known all these men.

The CHAIRMAN.--Was he a detective of the Pó Léung Kuk?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. He was one of the other detectives.

The CHAIRMAN.-I don't think so.

WITNESS.-He was in the Tung Wa Hospital before the Pó Léung Kuk was

established.

The CHAIRMAN. That does not come within the province of our enquiry.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you know KwONG CHEUNG,* now a detective of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes.

-Was he formerly in the Police Force?

A.-He was.

Q.-Was he reduced in rank for doings in connection with the banishment of boiler-makers in Hunghom Dock?

A. Yes.

Q. How long ago was that?

A.-That was in 1889, I think.

Q.-Subsequent to severing his connection with the Police Force and previous to his appointment as Head District Watchman, was he assistant to a Coolie Boarding- house keeper named SIN MÚN ? *

A. Yes. I have heard this. SIN MUN cleared to Singapore.

Q-Was it reported that there was a warrant out for his arrest by the Chinese Authorities?

A. It was reported so.

Q.--Can you produce any one who will acknowledge having paid bribes to the Pó Léung Kuk for any purposes whatever?

A.-I cannot.

Q.-Does the belief exist that bribes are paid?

A. Yes.

Q. From your lengthy experience and knowledge of what is taking place in the Colony, are you of opinion that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives, past and present, are in the habit of receiving bribes ?

A. Yes, I am.

Honourable Ho KAI.-You say there are a good many things which the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk have done which would not be tolerated in England, will you name one example?

* See Appendix 25.

3

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A.--The case just mentioned is a very striking example, the taking of the woman that Mr. WHITEHEAD referred to. I do not know her name, but I have no doubt the woman can be brought here. I haven't spoken to her, but I got my information from a very good source. I got it from the son of the man whose mother lent the money to the woman in order that she should be free from the Tung Wa Hospital. Then there was the case of which I spoke where a woman, formerly a prostitute in Canton, was redeemed by a man and taken as his concubine.* This man subsequently became blind. Afterwards he was unable to support her, and she then came to Hongkong and took to living with a boy in the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank. After she had been two years living here her husband came down. I don't know how it was, but on account of this information the woman was taken to the Pó Léung Kuk and told that she ought to support her husband; and she was kept there a fort night until she had paid $20. That is, if it is true.

Q.-Of course, if it is not true the example fails, does it not?

A-If it is not true to any extent, if the woman never was in the Pó Léung Kuk. Q.-Could you give us another example?

A. The taking of CH'AN PÒ-SHAN's wife and keeping her there for two or three days. That would have amounted to false imprisonment: to keep people against their will. There is no charge that these people were kidnapped, no suspicions that they

were kidnappers.

Q.-You just now said that he was known to be a bad hat?

A. Yes, the woman said that herself.

Q.-In what way was he a bad hat?

A. He was known for two or three years as a man who kept a gaming club and also a man who had associated with swindling dens.

Q.-Any other example?

A.-There is another example of that man in Aberdeen Street† that Mr. WHITEHEAD spoke of just now where an informer went and demanded money, the wife and concu- bine being detained in the Pó Léung Kuk for two or three days.

Q. What are their names?

A.—I could find out the names, but I thought perhaps you would like the people here themselves.

Q.—These then are examples that you give, and all of them, so far as you are concerned, are second-hand?

A. Yes, of course, there is this to be said, that in two cases I heard it on oath in the Police Court-in the assault case.

Q.-The man was fined $5 for the manner in which he carried out the arrest. With the exception of that case, all the others are second-hand? You have only been · informed?

A.-Only informed.

Q.-From these cases you formed your opinion?

A. Yes, there are other cases as well in which a great number of kidnappers are taken to the Hospital for the night and then to the Registrar General and after that are sent to the Police Station.

Q.-You think that those would form examples of what would not be tolerated in England?

A.-I don't think they would.

Q.-Not even if Parliament were to give a society authority to do these things?

A.—I don't think the Parliament could do such a thing in England.

*See Appendix 22.

+ See Appendix 41.

I

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i

*

Q.-But suppose they did?

A. The Parliament would sanction something against all principles of law and justice.

Q.-Do you know that the Pó Léung Kuk is authorised to detain these people there, by law, and bring suspected kidnappers before the Registrar General on the first opportunity?

A.-I am not aware of it.

Q.-So that not knowing that you think it is illegal all the way ?

A.-My opinion is exactly the same as regards the principle of the thing whether the law is there or not.

Q.--I think you are one of the executive officers of the law?

A.-When you ask for my opinion I will give it. My duty is different.

Q.-

-It seems to me that you practically say that they are acting illegally in your

opinion?

A.-I did not say that.

-What do you mean by "they would not be tolerated in England ?”

A.-I mean that they would not be allowed to take these persons to a private establishment and keep them there.

Q. Are they not on all fours with this local Society here?

A.-There is a similar society but they do not do such things.

Q.-Because they are not authorised? You mentioned a former detective of the

Pó Léung Kuk, MA MUN.

A. He is now destitute, I believe.

Q. Do you know that he had a lot of debts outside?

A.—I have heard that he is utterly destitute now, almost naked.

Q.--Do you know that he owed a large amount outside?

A.—I have never heard anything of his debts.

Q. His boarding-house failed?

A.-Well, it is still carried on under the same sign.

Q.-Not in his name?

A. It is the same sign.

Q. Do you know whether he started this large boarding-house with his own

capital?

A.-I don't know about that.

Q.-How many years have you been in the detective force of Hongkong?

A.-Three years.

Q.-During those three years I believe you had a lot of letters complaining that the detectives belonging to the Police take bribes ?

A. Yes.

Q.-From different gambling places?

A. Yes.

Q. And I think that you were asked also to report on this some time ago ? Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I think this is outside the scope of our enquiry. Honourable Ho KAI.--I think it has a good deal to do with it.

I

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The CHAIRMAN.-I take it that the Honourable Ho KAI wants to bring out that the squeezing is general.

Honourable Ho KAI (to witness).—When you are informed that the detectives in the Pó Léung Kuk are squeezing or taking bribes, do you not make any searching enquiry into the case?

A. I have enquired.

Q.-Did

A.-No.

you find anything tangible?

Q. -In every case into which you have enquired you found nothing positive?

A.-Nothing positive.

Q.-Nothing that

A. That is so.

you could prove, that you could make a case before a Court?

Q.--Referring to the case of CH'AN YUK-SHÜ,* he is employed in the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank ?

A.--Yes.

Q.-Is he here now?

A.-I cannot say.

He was here a short time ago.

Q.--The woman went by the name of ........ ?

A.-I do not know.

Q. Do you know the blind man's name? A.--No.

Q. Do you know he is now singing along the streets ? A.-No.

Q.-Your information is that the Pó Léung Kuk made the woman pay $20 ?

A.-Yes.

Q.--You don't know whether this woman had been in the habit of paying the man $10 or $15 per month?

A.—I don't know, but she could not have been paying that since the boy was keeping her, because his wages would not allow it.

Q.-About SIN MÚN; † you don't know him?

A. I heard a good deal about him as a notorious kidnapper.

Q. Can you give one or two cases that you know of positively about the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk taking bribes, or can you tell us anything about these detectives or Committee which is improper?

A.---I don't know which way you mean?

Q. I want some positive definite case, not a second hand case where you have merely been "informed."

A.--I give you these cases. You can satisfy yourself about their truth by calling the parties.

Q.--Do you know of your own knowledge of any single positive case against a detective of the Pó Léung Kuk, or a member of the Committee?

A.--I have never heard anything against the members of the Committee. Q.-I say any one connected with the Pó Léung Kuk, whether he is a detective or servant or anything else, one positive case of your own knowledge.

A.-I cannot give any case more than I have said. Two of them were before a Magistrate. The fact came out that the women were taken to the Pó Leung Kuk and detained there.

* See Appendix 22.

† See Appendix 25.

:

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Q.-You only know of that?

A.--That is all.

-You don't know by what authority they were detained?

A.--I don't know that.

-You think that detention in the Pó Léung Kuk, whether by the order of the Government or any body else is not quite the thing?

A.-It seems to me to be hardly right to give power to any one to go to a man's house and take his wives away and detain them anywhere.

Honourable F. H. MAY.----In making an arrest do you imagine that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives act upon information received beforehand, as a rule ?

A. Yes, I think so.

Q.-They act on information received?

A.-Except in cases where they are on board steamers. A good many cases come from steamers.

--The detectives on board will make an arrest on suspicion?

A-Yes.

Q.-Do you think that there would be less chance of effecting arrests if the Pó Léung Kuk authorities made use of that information by giving it to the Police, who would make the arrest instead of the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A. If it is sent to the Police they will always be glad to assist in enquiring into the case.

-You do arrest on the steamers T suppose ?

A. The Police make a good many arrests.

Q.-The detectives of the Police and the detectives of the Pỏ Léung Kuk are on an equal footing--they have equal authority to make the arrests?

A.--Yes.

Q-In your opinion if the power of arrest was withdrawn from the Pó Léung Kuk detectives-but they were asked to co-operate by furnishing information of cases that were about to take place-do you think the Police could effect as many arrests as are now effected by the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I think so.

Q.-As a matter of fact, do the detective branch of the Police Force at the present time get any information with regard to kidnapping from the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.—No, not from the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.--The Police detective branch and the detective force of the Pó Léung Kuk are really acting in one direction quite independently?

A. Yes, that is so.

The CHAIRMAN.-How long have you been in the Police Force?

A.-For 19 years.

Q. Are there any instructions given to the Police to tell them that they are not to attend to kidnapping cases?

A.--No.

Q.-Is it part of their duty to attend to them?

A.--Yes.

Q.-You think that the effect of this Society tends to take away the sense of responsibility from the Police ?

A.-I think a great many of the Police feel that way.

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Q. Do you think that they do not take any trouble to deal with such cases? A.-I do think so.

Q. What is your reason for thinking so?

A.-Partly by the remissness they show.

Q.-Have you during your experience of the Police Force known of any case in

which that remissness has been shown ?

A.-Not a case where they have actually neglected to arrest, when called on to do so. I do not mean that. It is the fact that they do not hunt up cases of this kind or enquire into cases.

Q.-Do you know of a case in which it has been shown that this sense of remiss- ness has allowed them to overlook a case where they might have made an arrest?

A.--That is a different thing.

Q.--Can you give us a case?

A.—I cannot. I cannot imagine a case of such sort occurring.

Then it is only a matter of opinion as regards the remissness?

A.--I can only give it as my opinion.

Q.-With regard to the Pó Léung Kuk detectives--you say it is a matter of com- mon rumour that they squeeze ?

A.--It is very common. I think it might be said to be a common rumour.

Q.--Is it a common rumour that the Police detectives squeeze ?

A.-I don't think it is so common. Of course it is spoken of, but I don't think that it is so common.

Q.-Is it a common rumour that European detectives squeeze ?

A. --I don't know, but I have heard such things said.

-You are head of the detective force?

A.-I am.

Q.--And you say as head of the detective force that it is not a common rumour that the European detectives squeeze, but that it is a common rumour that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives squeeze?

A.-I say it is not a common rumour to my knowledge that the European detect- ives squeeze. I am only speaking of what comes to my knowledge. I don't know what people may say behind my back-they might say that I was squeezing.

Q.-Don't you think they might say the same behind the back of the Pó Léung

Kuk detectives?

A. They might.

Q.-As a matter of fact it is a mere allegation without proof?

A. Yes.

Q.-Have you šeen any member of this Committee with reference to these matters ?

A.-I have not.

Q,-On the subject of the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.-Nothing whatever.

Q.-Nor cases connected with the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-No.

I

Q.-You talk about people being detained by the Pó Léung Kuk-did you enquire as to whether they were detained by order or not?

A.-Those two cases I have mentioned came before the Magistrate. Of course it was not my duty to enquire about it.

}

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Q.-You don't know then whether they were detained by order ? *

A. I don't think they were, because they were detained in both cases, I believe, on Saturdays.

Q.--You don't know that they were detained by order?

A.-I don't know.

--You know the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance ?

A. Yes.

Q.--You know the Registrar General has power to detain?

A.—I don't know how far it goes. I know that he has power to detain girls suspected of being kidnapped, but I don't know about the kidnappers.

Q.—The Registrar General has power to detain people under that Ordinance ?

A.--Yes, people suspected of being kidnapped.

Q.--You talk about the detectives. We have before us here a list of seven detect- ives of the Pó Léung Kuk employed from 1881 to 1888. Of these detectives how many have you known?

A.-I know MA MUN and CHUNG Ü. I am not sure about the others. I have known others but I cannot recollect the names.

Q.--You have told us that the rumours of squeezing are equally strong in the case of Pó Léung Kuk detectives and Chinese detectives ?

A.-I said not equally strong.

Q.—If you look through this list you will find that, out of these, four have been dismissed from the service of the Society?

A. Yes.

Q.-Does that indicate to you that the Pó Léung Kuk have been keeping a sharp look out on their detectives?

A.-Not exactly; it might or it might not. It depends upon the length of time these men have been carrying it on.

Q.-Could you show the same average of dismissals in the Police Force? A-I should not like to. Certainly not,-not for squeezing.

Q. You have talked about a photographer. Do you know whether he went away ?

A.-I knew he ran away in connection with a kidnapping case.

Q.-Who brought that case?

A.-The Registrar General.

Q.-This man went away therefore owing to the sharp look out the Pó Léung Kuk have kept?

A.-If they had known it before they would have had him in custody.

Q. How is it that the Police knew nothing about this photographer? How is it they never kept a watch on this man if he has been in the trade so long?

A.-It only came to my ears about two or three days after I heard that he went away from the Colony in connection with a case of sending a woman away to California.

Q.--After the Pó Léung Kuk had found him out?

A. Yes.

* See Appendices 37 and 38.

( 81 )

Q.-You say that the Police could as efficiently perform this work as the Pó Léung Kuk detectives ?

A.—Yes, if the Pộ Léung Kuk Committee or officers were to give information to the Police. I think in that case the Police could do it quite as efficiently.

Q.-Instead of having Pó Léung Kuk detectives you would have the Pó Léung Kuk Committee to give information to the Police ?

A.--They might have informers,

'Q.-Don't you think that informers would be even more dangerous than detectives? A.-They would never have the power to make any arrest. They would have less power.

Q.-But would they have less power of squeezing?

A.-I should think so, because they would have less power to suppress kidnapping. Q-But they give the information and it seems to me that the information is the important thing-the arrest is merely final.

A.—If a man is an informer and kept as an informer, he ought to be in the back ground so that no one should know him.

Q.- -What is your experience of informers?

A. That they are anxious to keep in the back ground.

Q.-Have you found that they have been open to receive squeezes ?

A.—I have never known of any case in which they have done so.

-You say that the reputation of the informers is not so bad for squeezing as the reputation of detectives?

A. The only informers that I have ever heard of connected with squeezing are those in gambling cases.

Q.-You have told us about money having been paid by emigrants. Have you as head of the detective force here ever attempted to get information to prove that?

A. Yes, I have tried to get information both against Police detectives and Pỏ Léung Kuk detectives that I heard were about equally mixed up in the same kind of goings on.

Q.—The Police and Pó Léung Kuk equally implicated?

A. Yes, I heard so.

Q-If that is so, if the Police detectives are open to this squeezing in what way would it be advantageous to transfer the work from the Pó Léung Kuk to the Police?

A.--There would be more of them for one thing, and the more there are the more difficult it is to squeeze. It would cost a great deal more to bribe 100 men than 2 or 3. Q. In the Police Force how many Inspectors are there who speak Chinese?

A.-There are five now who hold certificates.

Q. Who can speak and act independently of interpreters ?

A. Some of them can do that.

Q.--How many would you say?

A.-Inspector HANSON, Inspector QUINCEY, Inspector MANN and Inspector

MATHIESON.

Q.-I mean those who can act independently of interpreters. Is it not a fact that if this matter was referred to the Police there would only be two European Inspectors who could exercise a direct check ?

A.-Some of the European Constables and Sergeants speak Chinese.

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Q.-Do you consider that a Committee of respectable Chinese gentlemen are an assistance in checking a crime like kidnapping ?

A.-Certainly, I think they are a great assistance. They have done a great deal of good. I don't think anyone will deny that.

Q.-You think the Society has done good?

A. Yes.

Q.-You think that the detectives might be put under more thorough supervision?

A. I would not say that so much. They might be, but, it would be possible to get better men perhaps.

Q.-You are of opinion that the Society has done good?

A. Yes.

Q.-Is doing good?

A. Yes.

Q.—Have you ever heard anything against the members of the Committee?

A.-No.

Q.-You have known members of the Committee of different years

A.-I have now and again.

Q.-Have they been men of respectability?

A. Yes.

Q.-Leading men among the Chinese community?

A. Yes.

?

Q-Have the Pó Léung Kuk hitherto received any encouragement from the Police to give them information?

A.-That I cannot say.

Q.-You cannot tell whether the former Captain Superintendent of Police ever gave them any encouragement?

A.-I cannot say.

Q. Do you think it would be a good thing for the Pó Léung Kuk detectives to report to the Police-give daily reports?

A.—I don't think it is necessary. I think it would be a very good thing if the Pó Léung Kuk or their Secretary when a case of kidnapping was reported to them, forwarded a copy to the Police so that they might know.

Q.-All cases in which they received reports of kidnapping?

A. Yes.

Q.-Speaking from your long experience of 19 years, have you any suggestions to make to improve the present system?

A.—That is about the only thing that I speak of, that the Police might know of a case when reported, and I think that it would be better that the prisoner should be taken straight to the Police Station.

Q.-Instead of to the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.--Yes, because there is never any trouble in getting a remand in a case if necessary. The prisoner would be taken before a Magistrate and remanded, and the parties injured, the persons kidnapped, could be detained in the Tung Wa Hospital.

Q.-In many cases where the girl comes under the Ordinance she may be in charge of a woman who wishes to go to the Pó Leung Kuk with her and at that time there is no sign of evidence against that woman. There is nothing to show that she

:

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has kidnapped the girl or that the girl has come unwillingly to the Colony except that the circumstances are suspicious. The facts only come out afterwards. In cases of that kind the Police would not take a charge would they?

A.--No.

-The woman is willing to go to the Pó Léung Kuk and if afterwards it is elicited that she has kidnapped the girl do you think the Pó Léung Kuk would be right to allow the woman to go?

A.--No.

Q.-You think they ought to charge her?

A.--Yes.

Q.-The Police and the Registrar General have many communications together on the subject of women and girls?

A. Yes.

-Within the last few years they have worked quite harmoniously?

A.--I believe so.

Q.--With regard to KWONG CHEUNG; when he left the Police Force what was his character ?*

A.-I suppose it would be fair,-I could not say.

Q.-You don't know the character of the man when he left the force?

A.-I do not know exactly.

Q.--Up to the period when he got into trouble with regard to the banishment case what kind of a character had he borne in the Police Force?

A.--I could not say. I know he was a detective for some years.

Q. How many years?

A.-A long time.

Q.--Was he considered satisfactory for many years?

A.-He was, for a long time.

Q.--And his connection with SIN MÚN you only know by hearsay?

A.-That is all.

-Are these things you have given us with a view to our making enquiries from the original parties? You don't know them of your own knowledge?

A.-Only by hearsay and the records of the Police Force.

Q. ---Outside that you know nothing of your own knowledge?

A.-No.

Q.-As the head of the detective force, if there were any other cases would you not have heard of them ?

A.-I might hear of them, or I might not.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You think that the Pó Léung Kuk Society Committee, consisting of the leading Chinese in the Colony, have rendered valuable assistance to the Police?

A.-Yes, in suppressing kidnapping and rescuing women and children from the hands of those who deal in them.

Q.-As a Society they have done so?

A. Yes.

* See Appendix 25.

( 84 )

Q.-As individuals would it not be equally their duty to give to the Police information coming to their knowledge in connection with crimes which were attempted, or being carried on in the Colony?

A.-I should say so.

Q.-Are you of opinion that it is expedient to have two bodies dealing with crime as it is in the present instance, namely, the Pó Léung Kuk detectives and the Police? Is there not a danger that criminals may escape in consequence of this divided responsi- bility, and a want of proper understanding between the two bodies?

A.-I think it would be better if there was more unity and the two bodies knew better what each other was doing.

Q.-Would it not be better to have the Police and the Police only instead of this divided responsibility?

A.--I think it would be better.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-How many Chinese detectives have you in the Police

Force?

A.-About 21.

Q.-They are under you?

A.-Yes, and Inspector QUINCEY, and two European Sergeants.

Q.--How do you check their actions ?

A. They have to report on cases that they are enquiring into what they do... Q.--Do they report verbally?

A. Each detective has a book.

Q.--Do they report to you through an Interpreter or direct ?

A.-Straight to me or Inspector QUINCEY.

Q.--No other Inspector?

A.-At the East and West Point Stations, Yaumati Station and the Central, they can report to the Inspectors.

Q.-I suppose there are Chinese Sergeants?

A. Yes, there are five detective Sergeants. Q.-What length of service have they?

A.-Of those at the Central there are three of over twenty years' service.

Q.-These men who have served for more than 20 years are entitled to.some confidence I suppose?

A. Yes, they ought to be entitled to confidence. There is great risk if they misconduct themselves, the risk of losing their pension.

The CHAIRMAN.With regard to the question of Mr. WHITEHEAD whether indi- viduals are likely to give information to the Police, are you of opinion that if the Pó Léung Kuk were abolished there would be the same bringing to justice of kidnappers,—~- that the Chinese would co-operate as much without the Society as with it?

A.-I don't think that they would do so.

Q.-Do you think it inexpedient to have such a Society?

A.-I think the Society is a good one not only in detective business, but in looking after people who are brought here with no friends or anyone to look after them.

Q.-Would the Police be able to look after these girls while finding their relatives on the mainland?

A.-Not to any extent. In fact I believe before the Pó Léung Kuk was established they used to communicate with the Tung Wa Hospital.

( 85 )

Q.-If the Police had charge of these girls would they not, in order to hear of their relatives, have to communicate with the Consul General at Canton ?

A. Yes, in order to reach the parents.

Q.--Who would have to refer it to the Viceroy who would give his orders to the officials under him who in their turn would direct numbers of others, and then perhaps not find the parties after all?

A. That is so.

Q.-You think it is a wise thing to maintain the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes, I do.

Q.--And encourage co-operation between it and the Police in every possible way?

A.--In every possible way.

Q. Do you think it would be a good thing to have the Captain Superintendent of Police or a representative of the Police as one of the members of the Committee?

A. Yes, I think it would be if the Captain Superintendent was on the Committee. Q.-You think it would produce greater union?

A. Yes.

Q.--You are in favour of maintaining the Pó Léung Kuk and consider it has done good work and aids the Police?

A. That is so.

Honourable F. H. MAY.--You understand the Pó Léung Kuk performs two

functions?

A. Yes.

Q.-What are those two functions?

A.—One is that they act as a means of arresting and suppressing kidnapping and the other is that they take charge of the women who have been kidnapped.

Q.--One constitutes it practically as a charitable home?

A. Yes.

Q.--I think that in answering the question of the Chairman you may have confused these two functions perhaps. I understand the gist of your evidence to be that you are of opinion that the Pó Léung Kuk in so far as it exercises what you may call its charitable functions should be encouraged and that it would be a great pity if it were abolished, but in as far as its Police functions are concerned it would be better if they were conferred solely on the Police, or else some modification made in them?

A.-I think that in all cases where they get information they should let the Police know so that the Police may assist.

Q.-Therefore you do not contemplate the charitable functions of the Pó Léung Kuk being abolished at all?

A.--No.

Q.-All you contemplated was some modification by which the Police functions might be improved?

A. Yes, the detective part of it.

The CHAIRMAN.-You do not think that the detective part of the work should be abolished?

A.-No, improved.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-A few minutes ago, in reply to questions, you expressed the opinion that you considered it would be much better to have those Police functions now carried on by the Pó Léung Kuk executed only by the Police, and you further stated that the Police were quite competent to carry them out.

( 86 )

A. Yes, they are competent to carry them out, I believe. It might be better or it might not. If they would always communicate with the Police it would be all right, but I am afraid that the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk would not be active unless they had some men of their own.

Q.-Why do you think it would tend to make them more active if they had their own men? If they have a desire to suppress crime would they not communicate with the Police ?

A.—If they would do so I think there would be no necessity for the detectives, but, in my opinion, they would take a more active part, exert themselves more, and take greater interest in the work if they had men of their own to work.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you find individuals, however anxious they may be to suppress crime, frequently coming to the Police to give information?

A.-Not unless they are interested in the case.

Inspector GEORGE KEMP called :-

The CHAIRMAN.-You are Acting-Inspector?

A. Yes.

Q.-At the last meeting of this Committee, Mr. WODEHOUSE, the Police Magistrate, informed us that you had mentioned to him a case* in which a person had been in the Pó Léung Kuk for 7 days?

A. Yes.

Q.-Since that meeting I have asked you to refresh your memory on that subject. Have you done so ?

A.--I have.

Q.-The case was tried at the Magistracy?

A.-It was.

Q.-Before Mr. WISE?

A. Yes.

Q.-On what date did the woman come before

you

?

A. On Saturday August 8th.

Q.-Was it a man or a woman?

A.-It was a man, the man was the defendant.

-Did he make any complaint of being illegally detained?

A.-I did not ask him.

-Did he make any complaint?

A.-No, not to me.

Q. Did you ask him whether he was in the Pó Léung Kuk of his own accord? A.—I asked him whether he had been in the Pő Léung Kuk and he said “Yes.'

-You don't know whether he was there of his own accord?

A.-No, I could not say.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How long have you been in the Police Force? A.-Fourteen years.

Q.-Have you any knowledge of the internal working of the Pó Léung Kuk? A.-No.

Q.-Or its detectives ?

A.-I know several men employed there.

* See Appendix 21.

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Q.-Are you of opinion that the Police functions carried on by the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk would be equally efficiently carried out by the detectives of the Police Force?

A.-I think so. I think the Police are equally capable to do what the Pó Léung

Kuk do.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you remember this man's name?

A.-NG KO.

Q.-He remained seven days?

A. He was taken there on the 2nd and charged on the 8th.

Q.-He was taken there by whom?

A.-By. a watchman.

-And how was he detained, can you tell us?

A.-I believe he was detained there for enquiries connected with the case.

The CHAIRMAN.-Detained there?

A.-He stopped there. I didn't ask him.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You haven't made any enquiries that he was detained there by order of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I did not make any enquiries.

Q. -You don't know whether he was detained forcibly or stopped there?

A.-I don't know.

Q.-Do you know why the charge was not preferred against him until seven days after he was taken to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I don't know.

Q.--Could you find out?

A.-I don't think so. Inspector LEE said the man was detained there from 2nd to the 8th and he brought him to be charged for a certain offence. I took the charge.

Q. What has become of this man now?

A.-I could not say.

Q.-Was he tried?

A. Yes, and sentenced to six months' hard labour.

Q. Are you aware whether any preliminary investigation was made in connection with the case at the Pó Léung Kuk before the man was brought to the station to be charged?

A.-No, I did not ask the Inspector what steps they had taken to find out the particular charge made against him.

Q: How do you account for him being seven days in the Pó Léung Kuk? A.-The only reason is, there might have been some difficulty in getting evidence against him. There is sometimes a difficulty to get evidence.

Q.--Would it not be much better to have the man charged at the Police and

remanded?

A.—I should think that that would be the proper course to take.

Q.-And it was an irregular course his not having been charged until after seven

days?

A.-That is my opinion.

The CHAIRMAN.-You say it was an irregular course. Do you know if it was possible to charge him directly he was found?

A.-It would make no difference.

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Q.-Suppose he had been taken to the Police and no charge made against him, would you not discharge him?

A.—I might have enough evidence to get him remanded for a week, and by that time I might have got sufficient to obtain a conviction.

Q.-Suppose there is no evidence at all, would you apply for a remand?

A.-You would let him go certainly if there was absolutely no evidence.

Q.-You don't know whether the man went willingly or not to the Pó Léung Kuk? A. I do not.

Q.-You don't know whether he stopped there or was detained there?

A.-I could not say.

Q.-You simply took the charge laid in the usual manner?

A. Yes.

Q.-You say the Police are just as capable of coping with kidnapping without any assistance from the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--I think the assistance would be of great use to them, but I do not see why they should not cope with it.

Q.-You think the Pó Léung Kuk has assisted in suppressing kidnapping? A. Yes.

Q.-You think it is a useful Society?

A. Yes, I do. A.-Yes,

Q.--Have

you ever heard anything against the Committee of the Society? A.-Nothing.

Q.--Do you know any members of the Committee?

A.--I cannot say I do.

I only know one of them.

Q.- -You are of opinion that the Society has done good work?

A.-I believe it has.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Have you told anyone that the man had been detained in the Pó Léung Kuk for seven days?

A.--No, I was asked the other day with reference to a particular case that came before the Magistrate the other day. Mr. WODEHOUSE asked me whether there was any case in which a man was detained.

Q.-Mr. WODEHOUSE asked you ?

A. Yes. Some coolies had been charged with kidnapping. He asked me whether anyone

had been taken to the Pó Léung Kuk before being brought to the Police Station. Q. Did you tell him that the man had been detained for seven days before being brought before him?

A.--I said he was there; I did not say he was detained.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-That he was kept there?

A.--That he was there.

Honourable Ho KAI.--Did you use the expression that he was kept or detained for seven days?

A.--I might have said that he was kept but I did not intend to convey the impression that he was detained there.

The Committee then adjourned.

(89)

SEVENTH MEETING.

Meeting held August 26th, 1892.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, (Registrar General), Chairman.

""

F. H. MAY, (Acting Colonial Treasurer).

C. P. CHATER.

79

Η ΚΑΙ.

""

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

Minutes.

The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD then said :--With regard to that confidential report which the Government refers to, given or drawn up by Inspector STANTON, I think, in refusing to give the Committee the benefit of the information contained therein, the Government are blocking the way to our arriving at a fuller and more accurate decision as to the real position of affairs because there is really no one better qualified to fish out and elicit information and particulars than the Police and a trusted representative like Mr. STANTON. I think that we should have had the benefit of that report even if we had been subjected to treating it as confidential and not allowing it to appear in our proceedings. I think that it might be well to point that out to the Government.

The CHAIRMAN.-Of course, we have had the advantage of having Inspector STANTON before us and eliciting all the information we could from him.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-But there may be very much more in the report than we were able to get from him here.

The CHAIRMAN.-We asked Inspector STANTON whether he could give us any direct information, any information which was not second hand and he told us that he could not. That being the case I should say the information given in the report is of the same kind as he gave to us here-second hand information-inquiry into which has given so much trouble and, after all, it has been found that the information is not in accordance with facts. I do not know what the views of the other members are on the subject.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Besides that, I think if we have that report, some of us would like to enquire into and cross-examine those persons who have given the information. Now, although we may keep our promise that the report itself should not be published it seems to me that their examination and all the evidence we take in the form of answers to our questions when published will be in itself tantamount to having the report published indirectly.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I think, as we have had Inspector STANTON before us and questioned him, the information given to the Government makes very little difference. There is one thing, Mr. Chairman, which I think, before we proceed to the business before us this afternoon, I should like to see-the letter from the Government. It came to me in due course, but very often we cannot read through these formidable documents. I only glanced over it hurriedly, and I do not exactly recollect the terms of the letter, and I should like to refresh my memory by looking at it.

time?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Would it not be better to finish one point at a

( 90 )

The CHAIRMAN.-Yes, I think it would. It seems to be the opinion of Mr. CHATER and Dr. Ho KAI that it is unnecessary to have that report or to apply for it again.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-We did apply for it, and the Government refused. We have had Inspector STANTON before us.

Honourable Ho KAI-You may recollect, Sir, that I particularly put the question to Mr. STANTON, whether he did know one single case of any kind of his own knowledge, and he said emphatically "No." Everything that he told us he only got at second hand from some one else, and he further stated that he merely mentioned the cases not because he could prove them, but that, if we liked, we might get the parties who

gave

the information to come before us and give us their direct testimony.

The CHAIRMAN.-That is so. I just pointed that out.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—I still think that there may be information in the report which ought to be at our disposal and we might have been committed to retain its contents confidentially. It might have been of some service to us in arriving at a fuller and more correct decision in regard to matters.

The CHAIRMAN.---I have handed you the letter from the Government, Mr. CHater ?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Yes, as I was saying, I see here that the letter says "Under these circumstances His Excellency is of opinion that written answers of the Directors may be accepted by your Committee." I was not quite sure of the particular words used, but I knew the purport of the letter pretty well. I must say that I am not of opinion that the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk, having been requested twice by us to attend, and not having done so, should have asked the Governor to allow them to give their answers to any questions in writing. That is a course which, I think, is not at all a right thing to do towards this Committee.

The CHAIRMAN.-Excuse me, I do not think they did ask the Governor to do that.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Yes, I think it is here. "I am directed by His Excellency the Governor to state that a petition has been received from the Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk, in which they state as their reasons for not appearing personally before the Committee after their Chairman had attended and been examined, that their various occupations will not admit of their personal attendance without extreme inconvenience."

The CHAIRMAN.--They did not ask the Governor to direct this Committee to receive their answers in writing.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Yes, I think so. They at the same time expressed "their willingness to answer in writing any questions which the Committee may desire to put to them."

The CHAIRMAN.-I think you put it in the sense that they asked the Governor to ask this Committee to allow them to answer by writing.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. It is equivalent to asking the Governor to do so.

Honourable C. P. CHATER. However, if you like to put it differently, it is not much better. The point with me is that they say that their various occupations will not admit of their personal attendance without extreme inconvenience. I am sure, however inconvenient it may be for them, it is just as inconvenient for us to be here an afternoon every fortnight or so to enquire into the questions which really concern them. I have heard it said by some that it does not matter much whether the Government passes this Ordinance or not. We are giving our services here for nothing, and if the Government considers that we should do without the personal attendance here of the Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk, wel,

then all right. They have undertaken, however, to protect the Society, and have directed this Committee to see if the business of the Society

1

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is carried on satisfactorily. I am sure therefore if the Directors have the interests of the Society at heart, they would surely come before us, and let us examine them. I must say that I for one want very badly to ask a few questions of them, and get a little information from some of the members of the Committee, not the new members, but the members who were on the Committee at the time of the appointment of this Commission, and, if the Governor is of opinion that we should do without them, I for one think it is almost useless to go on with this enquiry. We have had a lot of out- siders giving us a lot of information, but I want some direct information from the men who manage this Society. Are we not inconvenienced as much as they are by coming here?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Far more so.

Honourable C..P. CHATER.-I only say as much. If the Governor is of opinion that we should do as well by putting these questions in writing, I think it is useless going on any further. You get Mr. Ho Fuk, Dr. EITEL, and Mr. WEI YUK, none of them members of the Committee. Only the Chairman has come and I should like some more of them to come here. We have twice asked them, and they have apparently refused to do so. That being the case, and if they still decline to attend, I must say that I will no longer be a party to this Commission.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I would like to make one suggestion, Mr. CHATER, I do not know, it is only an idea of mine, but I fancy the Committee in the first place regard themselves as it were, as the defendants in this case. They have been assailed by certain charges and if we had finished all the other witnesses which other members want to call-I understand there are certain other outside witnesses to be called-then if we asked some member of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk to come before us (I should like to ask them some questions myself) I think probably they would accede to the request. I imagine that what they are afraid of is that before all the witnesses have been examined, members of this Committee, whether intentionally or otherwise, might take advantage of the information they have extracted from them to bring witnesses to contradict it or make some use of it to their disadvantage. I would propose as a way out of the difficulty that we should call the remaining witnesses who are to be called and as the last set of witnesses ask some members of the Pó Léung Kuk Committee to come.

Honourable C. P. CHATER,-Do you know that that is their excuse ?

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I do not know that, but I would not be surprised if that is the reason.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Perhaps Dr. Ho KAI could tell us.

Honourable Ho KAI.-If you ask my opinion as one who is constantly in contact with the Chinese and especially those who are leading men in the community and likely to take an active part in any public work that is going on, I would say that they give me the impression that they consider themselves unfairly treated in this enquiry, and that, no doubt, is the chief reason of their refusal to come forward. I do not wonder at all, and as I said before when I was being asked by a member of this Committee, if I had been in their place I would not have acted otherwise than they have done. Even if you summon them before the Supreme Court they have the right as defendants to have the charges stated clearly proved against them, before they give their defence. In this case we must recollect what led to the appointment of this Committee. When the members of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk petitioned the Government to make certain provision for them and asked that they might have a legal status and endowment the matter was brought before the Council, and before the Bill was read a first time certain charges were made which at first sight were very serious. It turned out afterwards that the charges were to a great extent qualified but of course the members of the Pó Léung Kuk Committee could only go by the published report, and what was in the

(92)

newspapers would certainly give them the impression that they were charged with four different offences-they or their officers-charges more or less serious. They prepared to defend themselves and they have gone so far-as Mr. WHITEHEAD said the other day—as to retain the leading Counsel in the Colony. What they are waiting for is to have these charges formulated specifically and also proved, that they may be prepared, when they appear before the Committee, to disprove those accusations against them. Now the proceedings here have been conducted in a peculiar manner, to say the least. We call witnesses one after another without any order or reason. A member says "I should like to call this person and that. I should like to call four or five more witnesses but he does not say for what purpose at all. Again, the charges, some of them, were explained away to a certain extent, others were left in an informal and uncertain condition, and no wonder that a body of men whose knowledge of law or legal proceed- ings or Committee proceedings is very limited, no wonder, I say, that they are all frightened at the summons to this Committee. They are to come up here for what? They say that members may try to cross-examine and question them and make them tell things perhaps which they did not intend to tell, not because they want to hide them but by misunderstanding they might be made to tell things which may be to their prejudice. Now, if we adopt the suggestion of Mr. MAY, I am sure that the Committee, or some of them at all events, would gladly attend this Committee. I think I know them well enough to state that as a probable result. Let every thing that we are likely to have against them be stated and let all the witnesses that you want to call be finished, and then, if you want only to know the working of the Society or anything else, they might come and give all the information required. It is well-known, and I am sure all the legal members of the Colony would tell you so, that a case is often lost or won upon the determination which side is to begin first, and it is a very usual thing, I should say, for lawyers to find out and establish their case by simply badgering the witnesses on the other side. I think those are the reasons for the Committee not appearing, and I have stated that, if I were in their place, I would not have acted otherwise than they have done.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I think if the circumstances were as represented by Dr. Ho KAI the suggestion would be very good indeed, but, at the present moment, I do not think we are here trying to substantiate direct charges made against the members of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk. Mr. MAY has also erred, and said that they were the defendants in the case, and did not know what evidence has come forward, and, unless the other witnesses were all examined, they perhaps would not like to come forward. It is not possible that the Governor would appoint as a member of this Committee one who is supposed to have made charges, to substantiate them against the defendants. It would not have been just, or fair, or right. I think this is only an enquiry. I only want information, and I desire nothing more than to get information from the members of the Committee as to the working of the Society. I am not antagonistic.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-What information ?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-That is what I should like to know. I should like to put a few questions.

last?

Honourable Ho KAI.--You don't object to the Pó Léung Kuk Committee coming

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Not a bit.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--The reasons given in this letter from the Govern- ment for their non-attendance, which have been referred to by Mr. CHATER, and I concur in every word which he has said, state that pressure of business prevents their attendance. It is about the flimsiest excuse which could be put forward that their attendance here for an hour or an hour and a half is inconvenient. For the Government to write to men who have been placed upon this Committee in such a way is something

L

approaching discourtesy.

( 93 )

That we, who are giving hours and days, at the greatest of inconvenience to ourselves, and our business, should be told such a thing is not quite reasonable. We are quite willing to name any day which will suit these Members of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk. These Members of the Pó Léung Kuk Society, I submit, are not on their defence. We have to enquire into the whole question, and who are better qualified than the Members of the Pó Léung Kuk Committee, who have been serving a year on the Committee, to give us information? To whom are we to go, to whom are we to appeal, if we do not to the Members of this Pó Léung Kuk Committee?

The CHAIRMAN.--The Pó Léung Kuk are quite unaware, of course, that these charges were not made. It was stated by the Governor that these charges had been made, and they have never been publicly contradicted or withdrawn.

Honourable HO KAI.-We should confine ourselves to the actual facts. There are the despatches from the Government, there is the speech of the Governor in Council and also the reason for appointing this Committee. It is stated distinctly that there were charges made against this Society.

away.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-At the first meeting those charges were explained

The CHAIRMAN.-But it has never been made public.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Haven't you given them that information, Dr. Ho KAI? Honourable Ho KAI.-They do not understand that they are withdrawn.

The CHAIRMAN.-At the second meeting, when we were confirming the minutes, Mr. WHITEHEAD said the charges had never been made so could not be withdrawn, and I expressed a hope that the explanation that these charges had not been made, would be made as public as the original charges had been.

Honourable Ho KAI.--I think Mr. CHATER is under the impression that because- I have been a member of this Committee and am constantly mixing with the Chinese that I have stated to the Chinese these things. I will say that I have been questioned, but I do not feel myself at liberty to give any information as to the proceedings of this Committee because I consider them to be privileged until the report is published.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-If those are their objections, why on earth do they not say so? When we first made application to them to appear before us they wrote to the Governor. Here they state distinctly their reason for non-attendance to be because their various occupations will not permit of their personal attendance without extreme inconvenience. If that is not their real reason, why don't they state it?

The CHAIRMAN.You must know, Mr. CHATER, that the reason for appointing this Committee was because certain charges were made against the Society. At the first meeting of our Committee the gentleman to whom two of the charges were attributed said that he had never made them. The Pó Léung Kuk and the public are ignorant of that fact, and, if you refer to the press, you will find that, since our Committee has been sitting, every journal refers to the grave charges hanging over the head of the Pó Léung Kuk.

say it is not fair to the Society.

I

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-That is exactly what I say. If their reasons for not coming before us are as stated by Dr. Ho KAI, why don't they say so? They do not say here in this letter that that is their reason.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-We must accept what the Government places before us.

It is not a fair reason for their non-attendance, and, I say again, I should request the Government to request them to attend. If in writing these questions will be answered by whom we know not. They may necessitate, and will in all probability necessitate, further questions being put, and I do not think it is a right and proper way to elicit the information which this commission is appointed to obtain.

.

( 94 )

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-What I contend is, that to go to work in the way proposed by the Governor, we should never get to the end of the commission at all. I put a question, receive an answer, and want to put another, I have to wait a fortnight to do so.

Whereas all I have to ask is four or five questions of the various members of the Committee, and it will be over in half an hour. They distinctly state to the Governor that it is inconvenient for them to attend. I go upon that. If they say that they want to be examined last, as Mr. MAY suggests, I have no objection.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you agree to having all the other witnesses called first and then the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk asked to come?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--I don't mind in the least. I want some of the members of the Committee here to satisfy myself on certain points.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--We might go through the form of having the other witnesses, and then the Pó Léung Kuk Committee may say, "No, we won't appear. We will answer any questions in writing.'

19

Honourable Ho KAI.-We asked the Government to give us power to summon witnesses and they refused to do it. Even if the Government gave us that power I don't think our constitutional law would permit us to compel the defendants to begin first.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you, Dr. Ho KAI, agree to calling all the other witnesses first?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Provided the Pó Léung Kuk Committee promise to

appear.

The CHAIRMAN.-Of course.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I do not object.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I agree to that.

The CHAIRMAN.-I should like to know, before going any further, how many more witnesses are to be called. How many more witnesses have you, Mr. WHITEHEAD?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I really cannot tell you just now.

The CHAIRMAN.-We ought to have some idea now of how much longer we are likely to be.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--I should like to call several Chinese witnesses, but since my accident I have been rather at sea and I have not been able to follow it

up. I think Mr. EDE might be asked to attend. I don't know whether Mr. CHATER has anyone to suggest?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--I don't know of any one.

Honourable Ho KAI.-To finish the subject, I would ask whether I would have the Committee's sanction, supposing I was in a position to persuade the Pó Léung Kuk Committee to attend, to state certain facts in connection with the proceedings of this Committee, as for instance, tell them what they are wanted for, and that certain charges against them have been modified.

The CHAIRMAN.-There are no charges.

Honourable Ho KAI.--And that we only want them to come forward and give

information?

The CHAIRMAN.-I would suggest that Dr. Ho KAI should do so, that he be authorised to inform the Committee that there are no charges against them and that the members of this Committee are anxious to get them here to throw light on the subject.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-That is my position exactly.

(95)

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--The charges are there as modified.

The CHAIRMAN.-The charges have never been made. There was the charge of the Society being a Secret Society, and the charge of squeezing.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I never made a charge of squeezing, of course.

The CHAIRMAN.-You say Mr. EDE may give us some information? Honourable C. P. CHATER.-His is merely an expression of opinion of course. Honourable Ho KAI-He might send in his opinion. It will only waste time if we call him.

The CHAIRMAN.-How many witnesses have you, Mr. WHITEHEAD ? Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I don't know, but I will send you in their names. The CHAIRMAN.-Do you think we could finish next meeting?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-No. I did not know that you wanted the names to-day. I will send them in on Monday.

The CHAIRMAN.-I think it is desirable to get to the end of this Commission as quickly as possible now. We have now being going on several months. Unfortunately we have not been able to meet for a month owing to an accident which befel one of our members, Mr. WHITEHEAD, which we all regret. I think we ought to make an effort to get to the end of the meetings, especially as these charges supposed to be hanging over the head of the Society have not been made, and the Society are not aware that there are no charges.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Now Mr WHITEHEAD says that the charges were only

modified.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I think it would be better to induce the members of the Committee to attend here, without explaining any decision which the Committee has arrived at, because we might get into a mess about it. If you tell them in a vague way that certain charges have been withdrawn, it may be giving them a false impression. I should be sorry if they did not come.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Their reason now is a totally different one to the one we have before us.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-We don't know that is the real reason.

Honourable Ho KAI.--You must always make allowances for Chinese. They do not always give the true reason. They give reasons which are not really true-at least that is so far as my experience goes.

The CHAIRMAN.-As a matter of fact all we are doing is to enquire into the work- ing of the Society. We are not enquiring into charges. There are no charges so they cannot be modified.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-That is my contention.

Honourable Ho KAI.--There are members of this Committee who still say there are charges.

The CHAIRMAN.-Who is the member?

Honourable Ho KAI.-I think Mr. WHITEHEAD said just now that there are charges but modified.

The CHAIRMAN.-I know of no charge.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-My reference to the Society being a Secret Society was explained away. You may call it a charge, if you like. I did say that it was in my opinion something like a Secret Society, because it carried on its work in secret.

The CHAIRMAN.--But not like a Triad Society.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Certainly not.

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The CHAIRMAN.-Then there was the question of squeezing. That charge was withdrawn-at least it never was made.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Not by me, certainly.

The CHAIRMAN.--Then as regards the Pó Léung Kuk detectives, we have tried to find out about them.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--I do not think it is right to tell the Committee that these charges are withdrawn because there never were any.

The CHAIRMAN.-If these men think they are standing upon their trial it is a very different thing from asking them to tell us what the working of their Society is. I think if Dr. Ho KAI tells them that we merely wish to put questions to them to elicit information as to the working of the Society it will be all right. We might have two or three of them.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-And the Clerk.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Is he here to-day ?

Honourable HO KAI.--No.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--With the records and books?

Honourable HO KAI.-No.

The CHAIRMAN.-Are we to understand that the Committee should be informed that we will examine them after the other witnesses have been called?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-If they object to come before.

The CHAIRMAN.-Quite so, but if they prefer to come last they can do so?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I think as regards these certain offences, the letter of Mr. WHITEHEAD should be put in the paper, and the words "Secret Society” explained. Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-That is the only charge I ever made against the

Society.

The CHAIRMAN.-It was sent up to us for enquiry. We have been told by the Government that the charges were made.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—I think we should reply to that letter from the Governor in the way Mr. CHATER and myself have referred to it as regards the inconvenience. We are quite willing to name any afternoon which will suit their convenience, and we shall not detain them more than an hour or so.

Honourable HO KAI.-As a matter of fact, Mr. CHAIRMAN, I think that two other Members of the Committee came and waited on the first day of our meetings. If we had called them then, we should not have required them now.

The CHAIRMAN.-Then the wish of the Committee, with regard to the letter of the Colonial Secretary, is that the Pó Léung Kuk should be communicated with by Dr. HO KAI and told that this Committee would like to see them, and that they are not coming before this Committee to be put upon their defence as being charged, but that the Committee want information solely.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--I think it would be very much better to have it put in a letter to the Colonial Secretary, and perhaps it would be better to submit it to the members before we send it.

The CHAIRMAN.--Will you draft a letter, Dr. Ho KAI ?

Honourable Ho KAI.--I think the Chairman might send an efficial letter to the Pó Léung Kuk Committee.

The CHAIRMAN.--Shall I draft a letter and circulate it among members of the Committee, and address it to the Pó Léung Kuk Committee?

Honourable Ho KAI.--Conveying the ideas expressed by Mr. CHATER.

The CHAIRMAN.-I will send the draft letter and circulate it among the members.

( 97 )

Honourable Ho KAI.-The other day the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk were sent for by the Magistrate to be asked certain questions. They went up there, and what did they get? A scolding as if they were a lot of naughty boys.

The CHAIRMAN.-I think perhaps we might now go on to the business of the meeting. The following papers have been circulated among the members :--

1. Letter to and from Pó Léung Kuk Committee. *

2. Letter and Memorandum from Dr. EITEL.

3. Documents connected with case referred to by Mr. WODEHOUSE and

Inspector KEMP. ‡

3

4. Statements, &c., in connection with the case of the blind man and his wife,

referred to by Mr. WODEHOUSE and Inspector STANTON. §

5. Statements regarding case of HAK KWAT MAN. ||

6. Letter from the Colonial Secretary. T

7. Documents regarding Kw'ONG CHEUNG, District Watchman, at present

detective in the Pó Léung Kuk. **

Since I circulated that last paper I may mention that I have made enquiries as to SIN MUN and I find that he left the Colony on March 7th, 1891, a period at which KW'ONG CHEUNG was still in the Police Force. Inspector STANTON, in answer to Mr. WHITEHEAD, said, you may remember, that Kw'ONG CHEUNG went into partnership with SIN MUN after he had left the Police Force.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It would be much more satisfactory to have evidence of that.

The CHAIRMAN.-I can prove the matter if you like. If you are not satisfied with the statement, I can prove it. It was got in a manner which makes its truth undoubted.

Dr. EITEL called.

The CHAIRMAN.--Dr. EITEL, you are Inspector of Schools in this Colony?

A. Yes.

Q. How long have you been resident in Hongkong?

A.-Thirty years.

Q.-You are acquainted with the Chinese language?

A. Yes.

Q-And Chinese customs?

A. Yes.

Q.-You know an Institution called the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.-Yes.

Q.-You have kindly handed us in a memorandum † on the subject expressing your views?

A.-Yes.

Q.-Do you think that the Pó Léung Kuk has helped to decrease the crime of kidnapping?

A. Yes.

* See Appendix 19.

+

§ See Appendix 22.

#

Do., 23.

Do.,

21.

Do., 20.

**

See Appendix 24.

Do., 25.

( 98 ) 98)

Q. Do you think that none but a Committee of respectable Chinese residents can effectively and safely grapple with the practices of Chinese kidnappers ?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do think the Police could do it more effectively?

you

A.-No, decidedly not.

Q.-Do

you think that its abolition would lead to an increase of that particular class of offence-kidnapping?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you think that such abolition would give rise to discontent among the Chinese populace?

A. Yes.

Q.-Have you read the draft Ordinance ?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you think that its operation would tend to increase the usefulness of the Society?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you think that. a Government officer should be associated with the Committee?

A.-By the draft Bill he is. I think his powers ought to be enlarged.

Q.-In what way would you suggest?

A.-Perhaps I am not quite clear as to what his powers are. So far as I can see the Registrar General is President of the Permanent Board of direction, but he has only one vote besides the casting vote. The members of the Permanent Board are from 5 to 8, therefore if the President holds any opinion divergent from those opinions held by the other members of the Board, he may be out-voted. He is the only European on the Board, the only representative of the Government. Cases might arise where his opinion is of far more value than the opinion of any of the other members. Therefore I think the President ought to have a veto. There is another reason for it. The President has a great many other duties. He may not always be able to attend the meetings of the Permanent Board. Nor do I see that it is necessary that he should do so. If he had the power of veto a rule might be made that no resolution of the Permanent Board could be carried into effect unless it is signed by the President, he having the right of veto, subject to appeal to the Governor. That would of course throw a considerable amount of responsibility upon the President, but it would also give the President, and through him the Government, much greater power, and it would ease the duties of the President. He would not necessarily then feel compelled to be present at every meeting, as any resolution passed would be laid before him in writing, and he could exercise his right of veto if he saw necessary.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You stated that the Ordinance would do further good?

A. Yes.

Q.And in this memorandum which you have sent in you state "whatever other drawbacks may

attach to the present system represented by the Pó Léung Kuk, I believe that greater power given to the Registrar General in his supervision of the work of the Committee, and the Superintendent of Police in his control over the detectives, and parti- cularly the continuous and cordial cooperation of these two officers will reduce this to a safe minimum." When you approved of the Ordinance you did not think that it really was taking away some of his powers, did you?

A.-I do not know exactly what the powers of the Registrar General are at present. I cannot answer the question.

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Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The Registrar General, by virtue of the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, has the power of vetoing such decisions arrived at by the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk.

The CHAIRMAN.As a matter of fact I have absolutely no power over the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.—I mean over the girls. The Registrar General has the power to-day which, if that Ordinance was passed, I am given to understand by my friend on my right here (Dr. Ho KAI), would have to be decided by the majority of those present at the Pó Léung Kuk who may vote against his wishes.

Honourable Ho KAI.--That is not exactly it. The Registrar General has the power, even if this Ordinance is passed, to place the girls wherever he likes, but once he makes use of the Pó Léung Kuk, sends a girl there, according to the provisions of that Ordinance, then the Committee is over the Registrar General.

Dr. EITEL. You mention the Superintendent of Police. I have not mentioned him for this reason that I see in paragraph 19 there is a provision that the detectives that are to be placed at the service of the Society are to work under the terms and conditions sanctioned by the Governor in Council. In other words, I believe the detectives will have to work under regulations made by the Governor in Executive Council, and it will be then for the Governor to make such regulations as place the detectives under the superintendence not only of the Registrar General but also of the Superintendent of Police.

The CHAIRMAN.-You think it would be a good thing to have the Pó Léung Kuk detectives under Police supervision ?

A.--I think it would be better to have only one Government Officer in the Ordinance. Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How do you mean?

A.—I mean the Registrar General. There might not always be the same harmony between the Registrar General and the Superintendent of Police. The history of Hongkong shows that there must be something to cause friction between those two departments naturally. From the past history of Hongkong I think we may say that almost constantly there has been friction going on between the Registrar General and the Superintendent of Police, at least ever since the district watchman was introduced.

Q.

-You say they work harmoniously now?

A.—I do not mean personal feelings, I mean friction caused by the natural position assumed by the Registrar General. I do not mean personal jars. I mean such friction as will naturally come when two departments have their work overlapping each other.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Would it not be better to bring these heads more together? I myself think it very natural that there should be friction between the Registrar General and the Police Department.

A.-I think in this Ordinance the Registrar General is only mentioned. The Pó Léung Kuk would work better having only one man, unless the detectives have to do with another Officer besides.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Why do you think it would be better with only one Government Officer?

A.-Everybody has one head, and two heads on one body is an anomaly in nature. Q.--One of the original motives of the Pó Léung Kuk Society was to assist the Government in the detection of the crime of kidnapping. It is the duty of the Police to look after that also, and would it not be desirable that the Pó Léung Kuk should be in constant communication with the Police?

A.-I think not.

Q.-Why?

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A.-The Registrar General is the one Officer in the Government service who not only knows the Chinese language but is supposed to be in perfect sympathy with the Chinese. The Chinese look to the Registrar General not merely as their protector but as their friend. The leading merchants of Hongkong do so, and they would never have the same feeling towards the Superintendent of Police. The Superintendent of Police is not generally an Officer understood among the Chinese, or in sympathy with the feelings of the Chinese; on the contrary there are always many things which will cause natural friction between the Superintendent of Police and the Chinese Community.

Q.-Then if you constitute the Registrar General a detector of crime, you are practically having what you condemned two minutes ago, namely two heads for the detection of crime here ?

A.-The detection of crime is not a function for which the Superintendent of Police has ever been noted. The detection of crime--I am speaking without any desire to cast any reflection on any personal head of the Police-is at a very low rate. The detection of crime, the prevention of crime--is there any such thing in Hongkong as a rule? I should say speaking as a mere citizen that the prevention of crime amounts to nil.

Q.-What little we have is aided and assisted by the Pó Léung Kuk and therefore this low rate of intelligence among the Police and the low rate of detection of crime on the part of the head of the Police is assisted directly by the Pó Léung Kuk detectives?

A.—I did not ascribe the absence of detection to any low rate of intelligence on the part of the Police. I think the odds against the Police are frightful. I do not blame the Police for being unable to prevent or detect crime. The best London Police would be equally ineffective in Hongkong.

Q.—Then the Pó Léung Kuk carry out Police functions as well as charitable and benevolent?

A.--They are not Police functions but functions of detection.

Q.-Police detection ?

The detection of crime of a particular nature which the ordinary Policeman does not understand at all,

Q.--And could not carry out as effectively as the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk ? A.-Certainly not.

Q.-Why not?

A. In the first place this crime is one which is almost exclusively committed by Chinese.

-There are Chinese detectives in the Police Force.

Q.-

A.-I doubt if the detectives in the Police Force would be employed by the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.-Then you mean to say that the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk are a superior body of men as detectives?

A.-I do not say that, because I do not know the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk at all.

Q-Do you know those in the Police Force?

A.-I do know a little about them.

Q.-From hearsay?

A.-No, I have had to do with them. But I merely say this. Kidnapping is a very vague term, and, if you enquire how kidnapping arises, you will find that in nine

:

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out of ten cases what the ordinary European calls kidnapping is not that at all. I will tell you how most cases of so-called kidnapping arise. Suppose there is in the country a Chinaman who has as fifth or sixth wife quite a young girl. In course of time she is neglected by her husband, illtreated perhaps by her mother-in-law or the principal wife. She finds her life is a misery and a failure, and she has no relatives to protect her. What will she do? She will see another man with whom she becomes acquainted and she says to him "Will you go and sell me?" Now that sounds in European ears something very queer and illegal, but every woman in China must be owned by someone so this woman says to this man "Will you try to get me another master; will you sell me?" He replies "Come with me to Hongkong, I will try to do something for you, I will try to sell

you." She goes to Hongkong with him. She is first questioned, say by the Registrar General. She will say to him "I have been kidnapped, I have been carried away by force." She wishes to appear as a respectable girl and she does not wish a European to think anything wrong of her, and, therefore, she says she has been carried off. But in reality she wishes to change her miserable life for some unknown lot which might be better, and which in Hongkong perhaps would be better. Hongkong Police Constable what does he know about this class, how can he judge? The question whether it is actual kidnapping according to English law is a very fine one. I think a Committee of Chinese merchants are far more able to deal, through their detectives, with such a case than any Government Officer can do.

A

Q. Do you know how such work is carried on in Singapore? Is it done by the Pó Léung Kuk at all?

A.-I know nothing about Singapore.

Q.-In your memorandum you say that since the establishment of the Pó Leung Kuk this kidnapping has become comparatively rare. Have not the Police done any thing to help this condition of things?

A.-I dare say the Police have co-operated. The Pó Léung Kuk was only intended to co-operate with the Government, that is to say, with the Police.

Q.-Would not an advisory Board of Chinese, which would consist of similar Chinese to those in the Pó Léung Kuk, co-operating with the Police, be able to do as good work?

A.-The Chinese will give no advice to people unless it is to their particular interest to do so, or unless they have a position of trust and power which encourages them. Why should the Hongkong merchants, if the Police undertake the responsibility and have all the power, go out of their way in this matter? If you trust them and give them power they will do it.

Q.-Do what?

A.-Prevent kidnapping and detect kidnapping. It is their own interest to do so. The original Pó Léung Kuk arose simply out of this. Kidnapping had reached a very high rate, kidnapping cases were extraordinarily frequent and it was the saying among Chinese merchants in Hongkong "It is all the Tung Kun people." Their merchants were blamed for the kidnapping, and so these merchants held a meeting, and one of them proposed to start a society, first to clear the merchants of the imputations cast upon them, and, secondly, to defend the whole Chinese community against this tremendous increase in kidnapping, which arose when the kidnappers formerly employed in the Macao coolie trade were thrown out of employment. To me it seems that this kidnapping is so peculiarly a Chinese crime and so rooted, so woven into the Chinese organisation and Chinese family life, and also connected with the practice of adoption, that I think in this matter, if the Government wish to do any good, they must do it through the Chinese, not merely through the Chinese advising them. They would not do that. The Chinese do not advise the Governor how to govern the Colony.

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The CHAIRMAN.-You think that this being a matter purely concerned with the Chinese that the Chinese are the most capable of dealing with it?

A. Yes.

Q.-Under proper control?

A.-They should be properly trusted and receive a proper amount of power, but all the same the Government should have a firm hold upon their doings in a way which the Registrar General could apply with some tact and discretion, in a manner which is not offensive to the Chinese.

Q.-You think that the quarter of a million of inhabitants here who are Chinese should have some voice in matters which peculiarly concern them?

A.-Yes; the experience of the Dutch Government in Java and Borneo compared with the experience of the Singapore Government with the secret societies has convinced me that the Dutch principle has a very good foundation. The Dutch principle is to rule the Chinese through the Chinese, and I believe, apart from my general conviction, that this ought to be much more largely applied in Hongkong. In kidnapping at any rate more than in any other case this principle ought to be applied. Give the Chinese a considerable amount of confidence and a considerable amount of power, with the distinct and practical supervision of the Registrar General, who is altogether the link between the Chinese community and the European Government. I think that would work best.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In your memorandum, paragraph 5, you state that the character of the Chinese element of the Hongkong Police Force is low.

Will you give us your reasons for arriving at that conclusion?

A.—Their salaries are low. If you want good men, most particularly among the Chinese, you must pay them a better salary than they have.

Q.-If the character of the Chinese in the Police Force is low can you tell us how it compares with the character of the Chinese detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I know nothing of the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk, but the Pó Léung Kuk's detectives are under a Committee who know their tricks very much better than the superior officers of the Chinese Police do. There is another reason why I say the Chinese Police is low, and that is that, not only is the salary small, but the service is not respected by the public opinion and the public conscience of the Chinese. A Chinaman, who has not only an amount of self respect, but who also cares what other people think about him, will not join the Hongkong Police. He has no inducement to do so, every inducement not to do so.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You said that the salary was very low; do you know what the wages are?

A.-No I do not know the wages of the detectives, but I believe most of the detectives in the Police Force are really informers, and you have no real detectives in the Police Force except Inspector QUINCEY and the European officers and detectives. Those employed are really informers who are as bad as bad can be.

Q.-You say badly paid?

A.-I do not know whether the Chinese Police Force includes the detectives. I should say the detective is a separate and independent branch.

Q.--Do you know the wages in the Police Force?

A. From $12 to $16.

Q. Do you know the wages of the detectives of the Police Force?

A.-No, but they can make a great deal of money..

Q.-Who ?

A.-The detectives in the police service.

( 103 )

-Outside of their wages ?

A. Yes.

Q.-The detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk cannot ?

A.-They have less chance.

Q.-How so, can you explain please?

A.-Because a Chinaman cannot approach a European Police officer, but a Chinaman can approach easily the members of the Pó Léung Kuk Committee, and, where he could bribe, the Pó Léung Kuk detectives could not, because people can at once go to head quarters. If a Chinaman is in trouble and the detective wants to squeeze him, the Chinaman can go to the Pó Léung Kuk Committee and explain things, but if a Police detective goes to him and says something, the Chinaman is afraid of him, even though he is perfectly innocent, and he would be quite willing to give "palm oil," as it is called, in order to be kept out of trouble. That feeling the Chinaman has not toward the Committee of the Pó Leung Kuk. The Pó Léúng Kuk detective is in an entirely different position from the detective of the European Police--the Chinese detective, I mean. The Chinese detective of the European Police has every opportunity of making a fortune; the Chinese detective of the Pó Léung Kuk has very little chance that way, because, if he does anything wrong, he is every moment liable to be found out, while, in the case of the detective in the European Police Force, there is very little chance of his superior officer finding out about his doings.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Of course in one case there is difficulty of access and communication?

A.—Yes, the want of confidence also is another difficulty.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you know intimately the whole working of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-No.

Q.--Do you

know anything of it?

A.--I know very little of the Pó Léung Kuk. I hear now and then the Chinese talking about it, but I really know nothing of the Pó Leung Kuk since 1881.

Q.--You are of opinion that the work should be carried on under Government control, under the control of a Government officer?

A. Yes.

Q.-And that officer?

A.-Should be the Registrar General and no one else. Q. Why?

A.-Because the control, if irksome to the Chinese, will defeat its object. The moment the control is of a nature which is disagreeable to the Chinese, injuring their self respect, showing a want of confidence, lacking in sympathy with the Chinese people and lacking in real advantages to the Chinese, then in that case the Chinese will simply become apathetic or refuse altogether to do anything.

Q.-Will the Registrar General in his official position as Registrar General control the work more effectively in connection with the Pó Léung Kuk or if the Registrar General is Chairman of the Committee?

A.—I do not think it necessary that the Registrar General should exactly be Chairman, but he should have the veto on the resolutions of the Pó Leung Kuk and have access to their Committee meetings whenever he chooses to, and to the records and documents of the Society.

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Q.-If the Registrar General was not connected with the Pó Léung Kuk, would he not be better able to supervise?

A.-No. Why, he would know nothing about it! I think the Ordinance—I had not read it before, but I received it yesterday, and I read it very carefully-I think this Ordinance is an improvement on the original scheme which was drafted by Mr. FRANCIS, and I had myself a good deal to do with the original arrangements. I think it is an improvement upon the original plan.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-With the one provision you have made for a veto?

A. Yes.

Honcurable Ho KAI. -You mean to say that the veto should be exercised by the Registrar General?

A. Yes. I have another idea to propose. I would propose to add to paragraph 8, at the end, these words, "But no resolution of the Permanent Board shall be valid unless it has been signed by the President, who shall have the right of veto, subject to appeal to the Government.' If you wish it, I can make another suggestion about another point which you have not asked me about and that is relating to the elective Committee of the Board of direction.

The CHAIRMAN.-The Permanent Committee?

A.-It is called elective Committee, and, according to paragraph 8, it will have the functions of a working Committee.

The CHAIRMAN.-There is a Permanent Committee and an Elective Committee. The Board of direction is called the Permanent Committee.

A.-The Permanent Committee is called the Board. I would suggest that in paragraph 5 the words "who shall from time to time appoint one of their body to be Chairman" should read "whose Chairman shall be appointed from time to time by the Permanent Board of direction." My reasons for the suggestion are these. The Bill does not show whether a member of the Board of direction may also be elected on that Committee. As the Bill reads, the elective Committee, consisting of from six to twelve members, are to be deputed, or may be deputed, to do all the work, but none of them may be on the Permanent Board. That is to say that none of them may be a man of such high position as these members of the Permanent Board are the high position implying also wider views.

T

The CHAIRMAN.--And more experience?

A.--Yes, and more experience as to the relations which ought to exist between the Government and the Chinese community. Secondly, I think it would be well if one of the Board of directors-being one of those who make the regulations for the working of the elective Committee-should be also on the elective Committee, to see that the purposes of the resolutions of the Permanent Board are really carried into effect. As I read the Bill, suppose there is nothing to hinder the Chinese Community from electing any member of the Permanent Board to this elective Committee. If so, of course what I suggest would not be necessary. In that case, if you were to adopt my suggestion, the Permanent Board would naturally select a member for the elective Committee to be their Chairman. I think it would tend to a more direct connection, and would ensure the carrying out of the spirit of the resolutions of the Permanent Board.

The CHAIRMAN.- Under the old regulations just referred to by you, drafted by Mr. FRANCIS, and in which you had a share, the Government had no control whatever?

A.-I have not been reading it over, but my recollection is that the detectives had to report constantly-every day-to the Superintendent of Police. That was one safeguard. Another was, so far as I remember, that the Committee meetings and the records of the 'meetings of the Pó Léung Kuk should always be open to the Registrar General. I think that was in the original draft.

t

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+

Honourable HO KAI.-Or to the Government?

A. Yes, Government inspection.

The CHAIRMAN.-Were these embodied in the final regulations approved by the Secretary of State?

A.—I think that these things were omitted from the Ordinance which was passed.

Q.-That is so. You think, Dr. EITEL, that there ought to be some Government control over the Institution?

A.-I think it is necessary.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-And if the Government insists upon the Registrar General having the right of veto, and the Chinese do not agree to that, and will abandon the Pó Leung Kuk Society, what would you propose then?

A.-I believe the Chinese will not object to this veto.

Q.-If they do object?

A.-Well, I consider the action of the Chinese so important in this matter, that I would rather yield something to them in the extent of the Government control, and seek to obtain the control in some indirect way, in some other way. But I think two things are absolutely necessary, one that the work should be done by the Chinese, and, secondly, that the Government should have a good hold on the Chinese doing the work.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-And that work which you would entrust to the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk would extend to the powers of arresting and detaining persons?

A. Yes, I think the Chinese might be treated a great deal more on the principle of their own country. This European idea of the liberty of the subject is harmful in the case of the Chinese. I do not actually propose class legislation, but I think that if the representatives of the Pó Léung Kuk Committee, which will be really, through their elective Committee, representing the whole Chinese people, if they had the right to detain a China- man for a day or two, depend upon it, it is all right.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I am afraid you could not make that exception.

A.-I would not apply the privileges of the English subject, which are fit only for the Englishman, wholesale to Asiatics. They do not understand it, they are not fit for it, and they are also apt to misjudge it.

Q.--If a man were found stealing or squeezing, would you approve of the aggrieved party knocking him down as would be done in some parts?

A.-If I found a man stealing in my premises, I would not hand him over to the Police.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-What would you do?

A.--I would ask him "Will you have castigation administered by myself or be handed over to the Police." I would urge him to accept the castigation.

The CHAIRMAN.-You believe in governing the Chinese according to the best Chinese methods?

A. Yes, I think altogether the European principles of the administration of the law are not applicable to Asiatics, at present at any rate.

· Honourable F. H. MAY.-You would have to change the whole constitution of the Colony, and might do away with the Police Courts.

A.-I would not recommend any wholesale change. I would have things go on as at present, but I would allow such little anointings of the wheels as is possible under the proposed new arrangements regarding the Pó Léung Kuk contained in the draft

( 106 )

Ordinance. If a Magistrate has a case brought before him of a violation of the liberty of the subject, let him deal with it, and inflict his punishment, but all the same I would not be harsh with the Chinese Committee detaining a woman or possibly a man for a day or two, when their intention is to bring that woman up to the Registrar General as soon as possible.

The CHAIRMAN-You think it is wise to encourage respectable members of the Chinese community to cooperate with the Government?

A.--Yes, and necessary, because in the future we may not always have an entente cordiale between the Chinese and the European Government. Happily the Chinese have not yet learnt what political agitation is, but they may learn it by and by when municipal government and that sort of thing come in. Then the relations between the Chinese and the English Government will not be as smooth as now.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—If this Ordinance had been passed, it would have given the Board of the Pó Léung Kuk power absolutely to deal with the disposal of the case of a woman brought before it. The case would have been decided by the majority of the Committee.

A.--I do not see that this Bill gives such power. Nothing is said about it.

The CHAIRMAN.-You say the entente cordiale at present existing between the Chinese and the European Government is strong. Do you think that discouraging the Chinese from cooperating with the Government would tend to destroy it?

A. Yes, certainly. We see the Chinese mandarins have been trying, and always have been trying, to get hold of the leading members of the Chinese community, and to use them for their own purposes, when there are no differences between the Chinese and the European Government.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You will see in section 11, it says "All questions which

may arise at any meeting of the Board of Directors shall be decided by the majority of votes; in case of an equality of votes the President shall have the casting vote.'

The CHAIRMAN.-Dr. EITEL has referred to that.

A.-I read it carefully, but I did not see how that gives the Pó Léung Kuk any power to detain people,

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—But to dispose of women or girls sent to the Home of the Society.

A.-By the Registrar General? I would throw the whole burden of the Home and of the management of the inmates of the Home, the whole burden of the management,

the Chinese exclusively. upon

Q.-And over the disposal of the girls?

A. Entirely. I think it is not in harmony with the fitness of things that the Registrar General should find husbands for girls whom he knows are utterly unfit for marriage so called. I have not discussed the matter with the present Registrar General at all, never so far as I can remember, but I do not think he relishes having such duties put upon him. And I know a good deal of the applications he receives, and the troubles he must have in connection with that affair. I remember very well when this Society was first organised, in 1878 or 1879. This question then arose. The Government said "We shall have numbers of girls thrown on our hands. What is the Government to do with the girls?" I said at the time "leave the girls to the Chinese; they will dispose of them." And I would trust this Committee of respectable Chinese merchants, Chinese gentlemen elected by the whole community, superintended by a Board of direction, and trusted by the Government, I would leave it to them without asking any questions.

·

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-A little while ago you said the Registrar General should have a veto?

7

( 107 )

A.-Not on the disposal of these girls. What I meant by veto was a veto on the regulations which the Board of Directors make for the conduct of the work of the elective committee, the working Committee, and for similar resolutions of importance. The disposal of these girls should be left in the hands of the Committee.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-That constitutes the greater part of the work of the present Committee and the Registrar General. If you hand over the girls to the Pó Léung Kuk, I am sure that, if I were the Registrar General, I should be delighted.

A.—I would trust the Chinese Committee to dispose of these girls and women properly according to Chinese notions.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Practically to cut the Society adrift from all control. I mean it appears to me that is one of the very things that the Government aims at, to supervise the dealing with these girls, and see that they are properly looked after.

A.-These things according to European notions become very difficult to manage. The Chinese say "We cannot work; we have our own ways of dealing with women and girls, and you interfere with the unnecessarily complicated forms required by the European government, which hinder the whole business, so that no good is done.”

The CHAIRMAN. You think that a Committee of respectable Chinese gentlemen can be safely entrusted to do the best they can for the girls given into their care?

A. Yes, to men like the members of this Board of direction. And I do not see, after all, why the Registrar General should not have in this matter also his yeto. He need not exercise it in every little detail, but he might reserve it for matters of principle.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Do you know the Chinese customs very well? Do you know whether a Chinese family-though they may be poor--would allow a son or a member of the family to take as his first wife a girl who had been a prostitute?

A. Certainly not. It would damage the reputation of that respectable family, even if he took such a one as his second wife, recognising the children as his. I think we Europeans have far too little confidence in the conscience of the Chinese about such matters. Their conscience is not as delicate as ours is, but they have a conscience about these things.

Q.-Would it therefore be difficult to marry off the girls or dispose of them as such? A. Yes, of course, it is difficult.

Q.-Suppose that a man here were to marry one of these girls as his first wife--and it is a rule that they should do so--what would probably happen if she were taken home?

A.-At present I believe the Registrar General has the direction of the whole thing. Without any desire at all to reflect on the Registrar General, I do not believe that he always secures the effect that the woman is married as a first wife.

Q.-Only outwardly?

A. He will be bamboozled about it. As regards little children there may be no difficulty about it, little ones that have not reached the age of maturity. But, as regards those who have seen much of an immoral life, there will be great difficulty in getting them married off as first wives. They are not fit to be.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you know that before a man can marry, he has first to find security and enter into a bond, and in that bond it is distinctly stated that he takes the girl as his first wife?

A.-I was aware of that.

Q.-Well, would it be possible to ascertain whether these girls in some cases have been taken nominally as first wives and have afterwards become second wives?

A.-The Registrar General is a European and he is dependent for his information upon his clerks and interpreters.

( 108 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Who are Chinese ?

A.-Who are Chinese who, through their contact with the Europeans, have deteriorated as regards their national conscience. If you know a Chinaman, not the servant of a European, he is more to be trusted than the Chinese in the Government service.

The CHAIRMAN.--But in the matter of these marriages the Registrar General does not take the advice of his own staff. I wish to tell you what is done. A girl is in the Pó Léung Kuk, who is to be married. The fact is reported by the Pó Léung Kuk Committee; the security is mentioned by the Pó Leung Kuk Committee, and the Registrar General enquires into the validity of that security, so the preliminaries of the marriage are arranged by the Pó Léung Kuk. All that the Registrar General has to do is to be satisfied that the security is valid and that the man is coming forward as a bona fide husband.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--From whom does the Registrar General obtain that information?

The CHAIRMAN.-The information as to security he obtains through his own department.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Can you tell us what the channels are for obtaining information?

The CHAIRMAN.-Of whether the security is valid? I turn up my books. I find that the firm has perhaps been established for some years, and I myself have a good idea of its business. It is only a question of $200 or $300, not a large amount like $10,000. Witness.-There is nothing more difficult than to ascertain whether a man is a partner in a shop or not.

The CHAIRMAN.-No man is taken unless he produces his registration ticket. Witness.-Yes, but the man in the shop may lend it to him.

The CHAIRMAN.-The owner may be called at any time; he is made responsible. Honourable Ho KAI.-I don't think that is exactly Mr. WHITEHEAD's question. He wanted to know how you arranged for the security, how you know that the wife is to be taken as first wife.

The CHAIRMAN.I take the man's word for it.

Witness. Yes, you have to put that trust in the Chinaman, and you might as well put that trust in the Permanent Board of the Committee and leave it in their hands. The Registrar General, if he gets this veto, has quite enough power. When he hears of any abuses he can make enquiries.

The CHAIRMAN.-We have the power to call at any time for the production of these women who have been married under the bond.

Honourable F. H. MAY.—To hark back to the question of the Police. It is part of their duty to suppress kidnapping, is it not? The whole suppression of kidnapping is not in the hands of the Pó Léung Kuk, is it?

A.—I don't suppose it is. The Pó Léung Kuk are only to aid the Government.

Q.-According to what you have been recommending, the Police are of very little value indeed and the Pó Léung Kuk are the only people who can put the kidnapping down. Don't you think that the Pó Léung Kuk might benefit by being associated with the Police more? The Police must count for something, they are a large force.

A. Yes, I think it would be beneficial to the interests of the Government if it could be done, but I don't think it can be done. I don't believe you could get the leading Chinese residents to assist the Superintendent of Police in the way in which they would work with the Registrar General.

7

( 109 )

Q.-You have had Superintendents of Police, who had a knowledge of Chinese, and you may have so in the future. There is no reason why the Superintendent of Police should not have as good a knowledge of Chinese and of the Chinese community as the Registrar General.

A.--The Registrar General, by the nature of his duties, is in touch with the Chinese if he is the right man in the right place, gives them sympathy and understands them. The Superintendent of Police is not, naturally, a man of that sort at all, and if you divide this bond of sympathy which now ties together the Chinese community and the European Government, you will weaken it and annul it.

Q.-The Superintendent of Police is responsible for the suppression of all species of crime in the Colony, and do you not think that the Superintendent of Police might feel aggrieved--in fact I should think possibly he has in the past-at a large section of what are really his duties being handed over to an outside body under the supervision of a totally distinct head of department, and carried out without any reference to him whatever?

A. I don't think this case should arise. I don't think these duties are carried on without any reference whatever. Under paragraph 19 the detectives will be placed under regulations to be made by the Governor and he could make such regulations that the detectives are after all under the supervision of the Superintendent of Police. But as regards your question, allow me to point out this. I was once on a commission with reference to the Contagious Diseases Acts, and we had before us the Superintendent of Police. I believe you will find it in the printed report, but he stated that he had always been of the opinion and still held to the opinion that Police constables should have nothing to do with the supervision of prostitution, because, he said, if you give policemen these duties, you will lower the morale of the Police; bribery and corruption will be too great for them. Therefore the Superintendent of Police was of opinion that there should be separate detectives about these unregistered brothels.

-That is a different subject.

A.--No, and the same about the district watchmen. In my opinion they are natur- ally under the Registrar General. I know that was a bone of contention in former years. The two Government Officers can work together very well, very harmoniously in a matter which is purely Chinese. The Superintendent of Police need not feel that his self respect is hurt, is at all interfered with by having the Pó Léung Kuk Committee working under the head of another department, merely to try to prevent a particular Chinese crime and aid in the detection of it. There is nothing in this Ordinance which prevents the Super- intendent of Police doing what he can.

Q.-Don't you think that the Superintendent of Police ought at least to know what is being done by these private detectives-in fact, I should say, he could render them valu- able assistance ?

A.—Yes, that was in the original bill that the detectives should report every day.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. In the statute drafted by Mr. FRANCIS ?

A.—Yes, that statute was simply putting into legal and logical form what the Chinese themselves recommended.

Q.-Could we have that statute?

The CHAIRMAN.—Yes, I have a copy of the blue book.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I was going to say that the Superintendent of Police, from the very fact of the position in which he is placed, may be presumed to be a man who has a special knowledge of Police duties. The Pó Léung Kuk have a large amount of detective duties to perform, and I should have thought that not only might they assist him but he might assist them.

( 110 )

A.--I don't think he could assist them. Their work, as I take it, is so entirely preliminary to the point where the work of the Police really comes in. The prevention of crime attempted by the Pó Léung Kuk need not interfere with the Superintendent of Police more than if a citizen of Hongkong in one Terrace were to appoint a vigilance Committee. There is one Terrace I know where every night thieving is going on, where the Police are utterly unable to detect it. The residents may make their own arrangements and not interfere with the Superintendent of Police.

Honourable F. H. MAY.--You think the Pó Leung Kuk should report to the Super- intendent of Police ?

know what, and how, and when, to I think he might be safely left to do

A.-I think the Registrar General will communicate with the Superintendent of Police. that. The Registrar General would bring in the Police as soon as there was any need for it. And besides the detectives might, under the regulations made by the Governor, be put under some supervision on the part of the head of the Police; but I think it necessary for the successful working of the Pó Léung Kuk that the Pó Leung Kuk should have to do with the Registrar General and him alone as the representative of the Government.

The CHAIRMAN.-With regard to the question of marriages. Do you think that even if these girls are married as second wives that the life they are likely to lead will be such a one as will be happy under ordinary circumstances?

A.-There is no necessity why it should not be. Polygamic households exist in China, and if the secondary wife is discreet and does her duty, there is no necessity why she should be particularly unhappy. Families, where there are several wives, are generally well-to-do, and in a well-to-do family as secondary wife a woman may have a much happier lot than as the first wife of a coolie.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-With regard to the meetings of the Committee of the Pó Leung Kuk, do you think that Justices of the Peace should be at liberty to attend those meetings?

A.--European?

Q.-Or that the whole of the work of the Pó Léung Kuk should be carried on in private?

A.—I don't think that there would be any good derived by European Justices of the Peace interfering in these things. It is an affair entirely for the Chinese community. There is no occasion at all for Justices of the Peace to go. They do not understand the thing, they do not understand the underlying customs and feelings of the people. What good can they do? I think that all that Justices of the Peace could do will be done much better by the Registrar General.

Honourable Ho KAI.-You mean only admission but not interference?

A.-It would do no good and it would lead perhaps to unpleasantness on both sides. I think there is no necessity for the interference, but this occurred to me that as regards access to the buildings of the Committee, the access should not necessarily be confined to the Government. Paragraph 14 says "All the meetings and premises of the Society shall be open to the Governor and any other person whom His Excellency may appoint." I dare say that the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk would not object to Justices of the Peace-European or Chinese-going in at any time, saying that he wants to see what is going on.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you know the building where the Girls are at present housed ?

A.-I think I know where they are housed.

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( 111 )

-In the Tung Wah Hospital?

A.-Yes.

Q.-You know the upper storey?

A. Yes, I have seen them.

Q. Do you think it is a proper place for Girls to be housed? Q.-Do

A.-I have sometimes taken the liberty to march in without any reference to the Registrar General or any one else, and the Tung Wah Hospital people never objected. I have taken ladies in and they have seen the Girls and spoken to them, and I have, seen no reason to think they are not properly placed. There is apparently little ventilation, and they see very little of the outside. I always got the impression that the Girls were perfectly happy, and I have seen them a great many times.

Q.-Don't you think it would be wise to separate the older and younger girls?

A. Yes, certainly, but that is not always possible. I have often urged upon the Government to separate juvenile offenders from confirmed offenders, and in this case it is very necessary. I dare say this Committee, if they had the power to do it, would do it at once. They know as much about that as we do.

-Do you think it desirable that they should have a proper building?

A.—I think it is highly improper that the Pó Léung Kuk should be left without the building which was promised to them and has been promised ever since 1879.

Q.-There was a building promised?

A. Yes the ground and the building. Q.-They have never got anything?

A.-No.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There was a building offered them the other day and they would not have it?

A.-The Chinese know better than we do what is suitable for them.

Q.--The Government built the premises a year or eighteen months ago.

A.-In that place you could not keep the girls from looking out of the windows and communicating with the people in the street.

Q.-That was not ascertained before the building was finished?

A.-I don't know the details of the construction of the building.

Now the girls in

the Tung Wah Hospital are segregated as a whole, but communication can be had with them by any respectable person.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you think it is a good thing to have girls in the middle of a Hospital?

A.-No, it is not advisable, but there is no better place at present, and in the place in which they are now in, they can be kept under lock and key.

Q.-You think they are comfortable ?

A. Yes, quite happy and contented, and they have quite enough freedom for prac- tical purposes, except that they ought to have a place to move in the open air, which is not possible there, but, as far as available localities go, I think they are in a very suitable place.

The Committee then adjourned.

( 112 )

EIGHTH MEETING

Held on the 9th September, 1892.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, (Registrar General), Chairman.

F. H. MAY, (Acting Colonial Treasurer).

C. P. CHATER.

""

Η ΚΑΙ.

11

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

>>

The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed.

The CHAIRMAN.-The printer has not sent me the minutes of the last meeting; we can have them read at the next meeting if there is no objection. With regard to the witnesses asked to attend to-day we have been rather unfortunate in procuring their attendance, only one, Mr. SIN TAK-FAN, being here. I have received letters from others excusing their attendance, which I will read (Letters read).

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD submitted a list of additional witnesses he wished

to call.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There is a letter* which I have received from Mr. TSAU WAN which I should like to be put in and have read-the man you will remember who was in the Customs at Canton and about whose concubine there was some trouble

here.

The CHAIRMAN.-We had better have it circulated among the Committee.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I think so.

The CHAIRMAN.--I will circulate that letter and certain documents* I have bearing on the case.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I also received a letter from Mr. EDWIN MACKINTOSH, expressing his views on the subject, after he left the Colony. I should like that inserted in our appendix and circulated if possible.

The CHAIRMAN.-I will have a copy made and circulated among the members.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I should also like to put in, to form part of the proceedings, the documents which I asked for in Council in May last. It all bears on the subject of the Pó Léung Kuk- a petition from FUNG MING SHAN, dated November, 1878, for permission to form an anti-kidnapping association; the report and recom- mendations of the Committee consisting of Messrs. CREAGH, DEANE, EITEL, and FRANCIS ; and the statutes drafted by Mr. FRANCIS. I should like to have these printed and put in.

The CHAIRMAN.-I will have them printed from the Blue Book.‡

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There was also certain correspondence from the Colonial Government to Lord KIMBERLEY, who was then Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the subject of the Pó Léung Kuk.

The CHAIRMAN.-There is a rather thick Blue Book on the subject. If you like I will send it to you.

* See Appendix 38.

† See Appendix 32.

See Appendix 39.

*

( 113 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Of course, if it is a voluminous correspondence I do not want it put in. I understood there were only two or three despatches more particularly the despatch from the Home Government sanctioning the formation of the Pó Léung Kuk Society.

The CHAIRMAN.-If you send a memo of the documents you would like published in our proceedings I will have them printed.

Mr. SIN TAK-FAN called.

The CHAIRMAN.-You are in the office of Messrs. EwENS and REECE ?

A. Yes.

-You were Vice-President, I think, of the Pó Léung Kuk Society in the years 1884-85 ?

A.-I think it was about that time.

Q.-Having been Vice-President you know something of the working of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you think that the Pó Léung Kuk does good? A. Yes, I think So, if it is properly managed.

Q.-Then do you think the Chinese are in favour of it?

A. Yes, I think so. That is why it was established.

Q.-You say "if it is properly managed." Do you think the management of it might be improved?

A.-Certainly.

Q.- Have

À.-Yes.

you read the draft Ordinance ?

Q.-Do you think it is an improvement?

A.-I cannot say one way or the other.

Q.-Then how would you suggest improvement?

A.-Well, I remember when I was vice-president of the Pó Léung Kuk, our duties were very simple, but from what I have heard now and what the Committee are doing at present they seem to be doing something different from what we did before.

Q.—What used you to do?

A--In my opinion if they confined their duties in accordance to the rules laid down for the management of the Pó Leung Kuk, it would be all right. If they confined themselves to their proper sphere of duty, I would call that proper management.

Q.- -When you state that it might be improved you are speaking from your experience of the management in 1884 and 1885 ?

A. Yes, I remember we had written rules.

-In what way then would you suggest that it might be improved?

A.-I may say that during the years I was vice-president, I think the Pó Léung Kuk was in its most prosperous times. We had very little to do and no complaint from anybody.

ment.

-But in what way would you suggest improvement now?

A.-I think the Ordinance might be passed in the way of improving the manage-

Q.--You think its passing would improve the management of the Society?

A.-I think so.

( 114 )

Q.-You think it would be a good thing to have a permanent Committee of Chinese residents who are well known ?

A.-That is objectionable, I think, I object to that permanent Committee.

Q.--Why do you object to the permanent Committee?

A.-Well, take the first man for instance mentioned in the Ordinance, CHAN PAN- Pó. I have no personal objection to him, I think he is a very good man, but, supppose he is dismissed or transferred to somewhere else, how could you have him on the permanent Committee? Is he then to remain as a member of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk? Suppose any one of these gentlemen is dismissed from their respective firms for misconduct, would they be on the Committee?

The CHAIRMAN.--I would say certainly not. Is that your only

Is that your only objection to the permanent Committee?

A.-I think so.

Q.-If that objection were removed, do you think the permanent Committee would be a good thing?

A.--I think so. My idea is that this Committee should offer themselves for re- election once in

every three

years.

.. -That members should be at once removed if anything is found against them and that the Committee should be put up again for re-election at the end of every three years ?

A. Yes, I think so. If you were to make the appointment once in every year as they have been doing hitherto, I think it would prove a failure, because I think as a matter of fact—I am speaking from my own experience-some of the people are appointed as a matter of honour and not on account of the individual's ability. Suppose I am appointed this year, it is a matter of favour.

Q.-You think the permanent Committee would be an advantage?

A.--Yes, I think so.

Q.--Is it not your opinion that the Committees differ so far as their powers of work are concerned-that some are better than others? One year you get a good Committee and the next year you don't get one as good?

A. Yes, that is why I say have it elected for three years.

Q.--I am talking of the present Committee, as they are elected annually now.

A.-I don't know who they are.

Q.-I mean the present system of electing the Committee annually.

A.--I think it is a bad system.

.---You think that if the Committees have two or three years' experience that they will become more able to cope with the evil to meet which the Society has been founded?

A.-Certainly, if they have done their work satisfactorily, I think they will surely be re-elected after three years.

Q. Do you think that a Committee of Chinese gentlemen is well able to be of assistance to the Government in checking kidnapping?

A.--I do not think so.

-You do not think so.?

A.--No, they cannot render any help at all. They cannot render any assistance. They simply remain in the Pó Léung Kuk and send their two detectives on board steamers for the purpose of detecting kidnapping. They do nothing of the sort themselves. You cannot expect them to go on board steamers themselves to find kidnappers.

( 115 )

115)

Q.-Don't you think that a Committee of Chinese gentlemen is likely to get a good deal of information with regard to the doings of kidnappers?

A.--No, I don't think so.

Q.-Not get information with regard to their doings?

A.—I am afraid their information will not be taken as evidence before a Magistrate. Q.-You are looking at the legal point of view. Don't you think that a body of Chinese gentlemen are likely to get information with regard to a crime of that kind if they are appointed to co-operate with the Government to suppress kidnapping?

A.-My opinion is that they cannot do much. The Chinese Committee can do very little to help the Government to suppress kidnapping.

Q.-What do you think the use of the Pó Léung Kuk is?

A.—The use is to benefit women and children that may have been kidnapped. That is their proper duty.

Q.-You think they are of use in looking after these women and girls ?

A. Yes. As the name Pó Léung Kuk implies-protection of women and children -their duty is to find assistance for women and children who are kidnapped.

Q.-You think they are of use in finding out the relations of such people?

A.—Yes.

-Do you think it could be well done without the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.-No. Without the Pó Léung Kuk I think you could hardly find anyone who would like to have such trouble.

Q.-You think the Pó Léung Kuk is useful as a Home for women and girls?

A.-I think the Pó Léung Kuk has done good work, and will do, in that direction.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--As a benevolent institution ?

A. Yes. Suppose a kidnapper is brought before the Magistrate, the case is disposed of, and the girl or boy who was kidnapped sent to the Pó Léung Kuk, after the case is disposed of, to be dealt with by the Committee. The Committee find out the native country of the boy or girl and send him or her back, or if the native country could not be found then maintain and bring the child up.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How long have you been in the office of Messrs. EWENS & REECE?

A. Since 1881.

-And how many years were you the Deputy Chairman of the Pó Léung Kuk? A.-One year.

Q.-Who was then Chairman?

A.-Mr. Ho AMEI.

Q.-During that year you say the fame of the Society was at its zenith, that it had reached a higher point than ever before?

A. Yes.

Q.-To what, may I ask, do you attribute that?

A.—Well, we simply confined our duties to the rules and regulations.

Q.-Laid down for the management of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes.

Q.-Are you of opinion that that has not been done since in any one year?

A.-I cannot say exactly, but I have been informed-of course that is a matter of hearsay that sometimes...

( 116 )

The CHAIRMAN-I think that really we have had quite enough of hearsay. I don't know what the other members think?

WITNESS.-It is not evidence, of course, but I have heard that they have assumed some judicial functions.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Are any judicial functions conferred upon them?

A.-None whatever.

Q. Do they exercise any police or judicial functions at the present time?

A.—I cannot say exactly. When I say judicial functions I mean this, that when they get hold of a kidnapper instead of sending him straight to the Police to be dealt with, perhaps they would have him brought to the Pó Léung Kuk, put a few questions to him and keep him for some hours, as they did in a recent case.

-Referred to by the Police Magistrate?

A. Yes.

Q.-You have read Mr. WODEHOUSE's remarks as Police Magistrate in connection with the working of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I have not read the whole of it but I think I have read the remarks made by Mr. WODEHOUSE.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I have a copy of the Daily Press* containing an account of the Magistrate's remarks on the workings and methods of the Society which I should like to put in to form a part of our proceedings and I should like to question the witness on several points therein stated.

Honourable Ho KAI.--I don't see how we can do that.

The CHAIRMAN.-What has this witness to do with the case?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In connection with the magisterial statement of the Pó Léung Kuk Society.

Honourable Ho KAI.- You had better produce the Magistrate here again then. For my part I should like very much if he came. This denunciation has nothing to do with the enquiry.

The CHAIRMAN.-We can have the Magistrate here again if you like.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I am quite agreeable to have Mr. WODEHOUSE called. I should like this put in our proceedings.

The CHAIRMAN.-After he has been called.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD (to witness).-How is the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk elected, and by whom?

A.—They are generally elected by ballot at a public meeting of the Pó Léung Kuk held at the Tung Wa Hospital.

Q.-Composed of whom?

A.--Chinese merchants and gentlemen.

Q.-All being members of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.—No, a number of them are members of the Tung Wa Hospital, what you might call the Chinese gentry of Hongkong.

Q.-Although they are not members of the Pó Léung Kuk, they have a voice in the nominating and electing of the Committees of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes.

* See Appendix 44.

( 117 )

Q.-There is a ballot you say?

A. Yes.

Q. -How often did you attend on an average the Committee meetings?

A.--I attended almost every Sunday every week.

Q.- -How many members of the Committee were present at those meetings? A.-Generally six or seven.

Q.-

--Did it happen occasionally that there were a fewer number present?

A. Such meetings were simply informal. We had nothing to do with the other meetings.

Q.-At that time-the time you were vice-president--did the Pó Léung Kuk exercise, with the consent of the Committee, Police functions?

A.-What do you mean by Police functions?

Q.-I mean the arresting of any individuals, men or women, and detaining them at the Pó Léung Kuk quarters.

A.---I do not know what they may have done at present but during our time they generally called upon the Police to give the men or women into the custody of the Police.

Q.--I wish you to answer my question. Did the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk Society authorise and sanction the detectives of the Society arresting any individuals-man or woman?

A.-I don't know.

The CHAIRMAN.Had you any detectives during your term of office?

A. Yes, we had two.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Did you ever issue any instructions to arrest or detain anyone?

A.-Never.

Q.—A supposed offender?

A.--No.

Q.-You are not aware they ever did so?

A.-I am perfectly certain that they never did so during my term. They might have arrested one if they supposed him to be a kidnapper, but we never authorised our detectives to bring a man to the Pó Léung Kuk and keep him there.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Did they ever arrest supposed kidnappers? A.In the absence of any Police, anybody has a right to arrest.

The CHAIRMAN.-Hadn't you detectives then?

A. Yes, two.

Q. What were they for.

A.--To find out kidnappers.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-As Deputy Chairman did you ever of your own responsibility authorise the detectives to do certain things?

A. We simply authorised the detectives, in case they found kidnappers or found any women or men in the custody of men of suspicious character, to bring the parties to the Police or to give them into the custody of the Police.

Q.—Were those instructions embodied in any books of record of the Society?

A. I cannot remember exactly, it is so many years ago.

(118)

Q.-Did the Committee sit in private?

A.--During the Sunday Meetings?

Q.-Yes.

A.--No, I don't think they sat in private.

Q.-Did anyone outside the Pó Léung Kuk Committee have any right to appear at those meetings?

A.-The Tung Wa Hospital Committee held their meetings every Sunday and we all sat together.

Q.-Did the members of the Tung Wa Hospital take an active part in the manage- ment of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--No, there were different tables about the room and a few members sat here and there. We had a Committee round one table discussing our business.

Q.-Did you keep a record of your transactions?

A. Yes.

Q.-A complete record?

A. Yes, I think so.

Q.-Was any publicity ever given to the records of the Society?

A.-No.

Q.-Never?

A.-No.

Q.-Minutes were kept?

A.--Yes.

Q.-In a minute book?

A. Yes.

Q.-Were the proceedings of the Society equivalent to a system of espionage over the liberties of the Chinese subjects in Hongkong?

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you understand the question?

Witness.-There is a word I do not understand.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You don't understand the word "espionage?"

A.-No.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Say prejudicial interference.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you understand the word "spy"? I think that is about the meaning.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Were the proceedings of the Pó Léung Kuk, when you were Deputy Chairman, equivalent to a system of spying over the liberties of the Chinese subjects in Hongkong?

A.-Not at all; never.

Q.—Are not their proceedings regarded so in any way?

A.-No.

Q.--Might the powers of the Society be put to any improper purposes through

their detectives?

A.-They might.

Q.-Can you explain how?

A.-I think the detective can, if he likes, abuse his power.

( 119 )

Q.-A few minutes ago you said that you could not say one way or the other whether the new Ordinance would be beneficial or the reverse?

A.-Nothing is said about the detectives.

Q. And afterwards you contradicted that statement and expressed yourself in favour of the new Act?

A. Yes, when Mr. LOCKHART pressed for a reply to his question "what means could be devised for the improvement of the Society," I said I thought the Act might improve it, might improve the management.

Q. How could it do so if there are rules and regulations already established and sanctioned by the Government?

A.-I think this Act would make them understand their duties better.

Q.- -It would give them larger powers?

A.-No.

-It would not?

A.-No.

Q. Have you read the Act carefully?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you think it a right thing that any body of Chinese with a Governmental status, which this new Act confers, may conduct any private investigation into the social concerns and family life of the Chinese?

A.-There is nothing said here about that.

The CHAIRMAN.-Would you let us know, Mr. WHITEHEAD, what section of the Ordinance gives those powers?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It is contained in the Act.

The CHAIRMAN.-I do not know whether any members know which clauses are referred to?

WITNESS.-It is very vague,

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—It may contain such powers.

WITNESS.-Paragraph 3 says: "The corporation is erected for the purpose of establishing and maintaining a society for assisting the Government in carrying out the laws for the protection of women and children; for aiding by correspondence and other means in the detection and bringing to justice of persons guilty of kidnapping and other kindred offences; for helping to restore rescued women and children to their relatives and guardians; for providing a home for destitute women and children until proper provision is made for their marriage, adoption, settlement in life or otherwise for their welfare; and for affording temporary accommodation for persons who are friendless and aiding them to return to their homes."

Honourable Ho KAI.-Which part is vague? What part do

you

call vague?

A.-The whole of paragraph 3.

Vague? What do you mean?

A.-I mean it is not properly defined.

Q.-Take it point by point then.

A.-I take it generally.

Q.-Take the first object. Will you read that please?

A.-"For the purpose of assisting the Government in carrying out the laws for the protection of "women and children." There is nothing about the means by which it is to be done. That is what I mean by vague.

)-

( 120 )

Q.--You mean vague, because it does not define the ways and means?

A.-Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--The powers under the Ordinance will be very large? A.-I don't think so--no powers at all.

Q.-This new Ordinance would confer a legal status to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--I don't think that either.

Q.-You don't think that under certain circumstances this new Ordinance might be establishing a secret form of Government in the Colony which might do much mischief?

A.-No.

Q.-How many members were in the Society when you were Deputy Chairman?

A.-I cannot remember.

Q.-Have you any

idea?

A.-I never ascertained the fact.

Q. How many, roughly speaking; might there be 50 or 100?

A.--I cannot tell.

Q.-Have you any idea how many members there are now?

A.-No.

Q.-Is the Society self-supporting?

A. Yes, now, I think so.

Q.-It is not dependent upon subscriptions from the Man Mo Temple and the Tung Wa Hospital?

A.-It was.

Q.--But not now?

A.--No. Recently the Society got some large contributions from the Chinese community-a

-a very considerable amount. But formerly it depended solely on the Tung Wa Hospital and the Man Mo Temple.

Q. —Do you regard the Pó Léung Kuk Society as a purely benevolent one?

A.--That was the original intention.

Q.-The Society exercises no administrative functions?

A.--None whatever.

Q.-It did not do so when you were Deputy Chairman?

A.-No.

Q. Are its duties confined to philanthropic work or do they extend to Police duties as well?

A.—If you get a copy of the rules you will see that their duties are very simple.

Q.-I wish you to answer the question.

A.-I think they should confine their duties to the rules and regulations.

Q. And that those duties should not appertain to Police duties?

A.-No.

-Have you any suggestions to make with reference to this new Ordinance, by way of improving it?

A. Yes. I made one suggestion a moment ago. Instead of having a permanent Committee I think they should offer themselves for re-election once in every three years.

-1

( 121 )

Q.—Are you of opinion that the election of the Committee should be confined to the members of the Society?

A.-No.

Q.-Or

-Or that the election of members should be made by ballot?

A. According to this Ordinance, if a man can be elected a man must qualify himself by becoming a member of the Pó Leung Kuk, so that you must have members of the Pó Leung Kuk as members of the Committee.

Q.--Whom would you have the Committee elected by?

A.-I think they ought to be elected by public meeting.

Q.-Would you allow outside Chinese to attend, persons who were not members of the Society, and allow them to have a voice in the election of the Committee of the Society?

A. Yes, I think so. I think it would be more advisable to have the appointment made by the public and not by the members of the Pó Léung Kuk themselves.

Q.-You would not place any limit on the number of people who would have the election of the Committee. Would you like all the members of the Tung Wa Hospital?

A.-I think the members of the Tung Wa Hospital should vote.

Q.-And the members of the Pó Leung Kuk?

A.--Also.

Q.--And the Man Mo Temple? Is there any Society there?

A.-I think most of the members of the Man Mo Temple are members of the Tung Wa Hospital.

Q.-Therefore, you think that the Tung Wa Hospital members should aid and assist in the election of the Pó Leung Kuk Committee?

A. Yes. I think the members of the Pó Léung Kuk fairly represent the whole community.

The CHAIRMAN.-They do?

A. Yes, I think so.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Are you aware that the Police Magistrates have on occasions condemned the actions of the Pó Leung Kuk detectives?

A.-On one or two occasions, I think.

Q.-Have you known Mr. WISE, formerly Police Magistrate, to so condemn the detectives?

A.-No.

.--Have you known Mr. WODEHOUSE to publicly do so?

A. Yes, recently in a case brought before him, he did so. Q.-Did you read the remarks of Mr. WODEHOUSE?

A. No, I have not done so.

Q.-This spring did you see a report by the Registrar General on the petition sent in which he recommended increased powers and a grant of money for the Pó Léung Kuk? The CHAIRMAN.--I should like to know to what document you refer in which the Registrar General recommended increased powers.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. This new Ordinance-I refer to your report. The CHAIRMAN.--I have no recollection of having recommended increased powers.

( 122 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—I think you will find it embodied in that report, the report on the petition, in which you recommended the Government to meet the wishes of the Pó Leung Kuk Society. I view it as increased powers.

Witness. I have not read the report.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Section 7 of the enclosure No. 1, in that report says:"Last spring, the Government deeply moved with anxiety for the future of the Society, advised the late Directors to attempt to raise a subscription. Accordingly, after consultation with the members of the Tung Wa Hospital, it was decided to do so. In the 6th moon, the management of the Society was handed over to Petitioners, and they have since been urged repeatedly by Your Honour to exert themselves to raise the subscription. Up to date, a sum of more than 30,000 dollars has been promised by charitable persons. This may be fairly considered a success and it is owing to Your Honour's assistance that it has been subscribed with so much good will."

When the Pó Léung Kuk say that it is owing to the Registrar General's assistance that the sum of $30,000 has been subscribed with such good will do you understand the Pó Léung Kuk Committee to say that the Registrar General exercised his official position and influence in aiding the Society in receiving subscriptions?

A.--I don't think so.

Q.-Can you tell me what they do mean by that statement?

A.—I am afraid they do not understand what they mean themselves. They simply do so by way of eulogising the Registrar General.

Honourable Ho KAI.-It is complimentary?

A.--Yes.

Q.-That is the usual mode with the Chinese?

A. Yes.

Q.-Is it not true that in sending a letter to a friend when you may have succeeded in doing something with which he had absolutely nothing to do you would use the expression that you are dependent on his good luck or his kind assistance-although he might have nothing to do with it at all?

A.-Exactly, yes.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You say you became Deputy Chairman of the Pó Leung Kuk Society?

A. Yes.

Q. How did you become so?

A.-I was appointed.

Q. Who appointed you?

A.—I don't know how the appointment was made. I was not present. I received an intimation that I was appointed, asking me whether I would accept.

Q.---By whom were you invited?

A.—In the name of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q. What gave you the information? Who wrote to you?

Q.—What

A.-In the name of the Pó Léung Kuk, the chop of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.-Did the Secretary?

A.--Nobody sent it; simply the chop.

Q.-That you were appointed Deputy Chairman?

A. Yes.

( 123 )

Q.-And

Q. And you served twelve months?

A.-Yes.

Q.-Will you tell us the working of the Pó Léung Kuk during that year-what were your duties, and how were they performed?

A. As I said before we confined ourselves to the rules and regulations, and what we did was simply this. We exercised no police or judicial functions. If a case was brought before a Magistrate and disposed of, the party who was kidnapped would have been sent to the Pó Leung Kuk for final disposal. Our duties would be to find out the native country of the kidnapped person, whether he or she would like to return to their native country or whether he or she would like to remain in Hongkong and get married. We did according to the parties' wishes.

to

Q.--Will you give us an example of a case? How were you apprised of a case sent you? Was it by the Registrar General? How was the case brought before you?

A.-While a case was pending, the party who was kidnapped would be sent to the Pó Léung Kuk for temporary shelter. In that case we simply kept the person until the case was disposed of by the Magistrate.

Q.-Didn't you have any investigation?

A.—No, nothing of the sort. We did not exercise judicial functions in connection with the case. We left the whole thing to the Magistrate.

Q.-After the man had been acquitted or punished, you had the charge of the girl -supposing it was a girl-in the Pó Léung Kuk?

took

A. Yes.

Q.-How did you go about the case? What did you do? Did you have a meeting? A.-Sometimes we had a meeting, or sometimes the Chairman or Vice-Chairman upon himself the responsibility of finding out from the parties.

Q.-Investigating?

A. Yes, by himself. Q.-By himself?

A. Yes.

Q.-You didn't call a meeting of the members of the Committee?

A.--No.

Q.-Simply the Chairman or Vice-Chairman made enquiries and dealt with the case

himself?

A. Yes.

Q.-Were any records kept of this investigation?

A. Yes.

Q.-By whom?

A. We had minutes kept at every meeting held on Sunday showing what we had been doing.

Q.-During the week?

A. Yes.

Q.—These meetings on Sundays were for the general management of the Society? A. Yes, I will tell you. Suppose I was Vice-President. I find out the native place of the girl and every thing about her, and, at the meeting on the Sunday following, I laid before the members of the Committee the facts of the case, and then we decide what to do, in strict accordance with the wishes of the girls. If the girl expresses a wish to

home we did our best to send her back.

go

>

.:

( 124 )

-Did you send the girl back or to the Registrar General? A.-We were simply under the control of the Government. Q.-Did you send the case to the Governor then?

A.-No, we had full power to deal with it.

Q.-

-You did not refer the case to the Registrar General?

A.-No.

Q.-You dealt with it yourself?

A. Yes.

Q.-And the investigation was carried on by the Chairman or Vice-Chairman and submitted to the full board on the Sunday following and then the girl was dealt with in accordance with what was arranged at that meeting?

A. Yes.

Q. And generally the recommendations of the Chairman or Vice-Chairman were carried out?

A. Yes.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Without any reference to the Registrar General at all?

A. Yes. That was before the Ordinance for the protection of women and children was passed.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-You say you read this Ordinance?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you know that by the Ordinance now where a case is investigated the decision of the majority will be the decision of the Board? That is under Section 11. Do you think that is an improvement or otherwise?

votes.

A.-I think it is an improvement. All things should be decided by the majority of

Q.-Irrespective of what the Registrar General-the Chairman-should say on the

subject?

A.—I think that all questions should be decided by the majority.

Honourable Ho KAI.--You don't know the members of the Tung Wa Hospital?

A.-I know some of them.

Q.-Members of the Tung Wa Hospital are as undefined as those of the Pó Léung Kuk? You don't know them all?

A.-I think it would be impossible to know all of them. Q.-There is no record to show who are really members?

A.-I think they have records.

Q.-Yes, of the subscribers but not of the original members.

A. I think they have a list of all the members of the Committee.

Q.-You were in the Colony when the movement was started to establish the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you know the reasons for such a movement?

A. Yes, by establishing it they thought that they could assist the Government in preventing kidnapping and helping women.

Q.-Two objects ?

A. Yes, to suppress kidnapping, and assist and protect women.

:

( 125 )

The primary object was two-fold then-to assist the Government to put down the crime of kidnapping and to establish a Home for boys and girls who were rescued ?

A. Yes.

Q.-The rules and regulations were drawn up and approved by the Secretary of

State?

A. Yes.

Q.-Did you know those rules during the term of your vice-chairmanship--did you act up to those rules?

A. Yes.

Q.-In those rules it was stated that the first object of the Society was to assist to suppress the crime of kidnapping and provide for the protection of kidnapped women and children. You stated that during the time you were Vice-Chairman you did not do anything to accomplish the object of suppressing kidnapping.

A.-We did so by sending the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk on board the river

steamers.

Q.-You did?

A. Yes, to see whether there were any kidnappers or women or children who were kidnapped on board.

Q-Is that the whole extent to which you went?

A. Yes.

Q.--And whenever you heard of any case either personally or through your detectives you gave instructions to have the kidnapper arrested and handed over to the Police?

A. Yes.

Q.--And do you not think that a Society of Chinese gentlemen here sending their detective on board and arresting the criminal, or communicating with the Police and handing him over to the Police, is of great assistance to the Government?

A. Yes it is.

Q.-Is it not likely that the Chinese will hear more about the doings of these kid- nappers than the Superintendent or Inspectors of Police?

A. Yes. I think that without the detectives and without the Pó Léung Kuk most of these kidnappers would escape unpunished.

Q.-So that in reality the assistance of the Pó Léung Kuk has been the means of arresting these kidnappers before they could get away?

A. Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-The detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk assist the Government in the detection of kidnappers. Could the detectives employed by the Police not do that work equally as well as the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--I think the Pó Léung Kuk would do it better in this respect-supposing a man at Canton has lost a child and believing that the child has been kidnapped comes down by the river boat to Hongkong, he would send up to the Pó Leung Kuk much easier than to the Police. How do you expect Cantonese people to understand communicating with the Hongkong Police? But they can trust the Pó Leung Kuk.

Q.-Then, if it is a simpler method in that way, why not continue the Pó Léung Kuk as a purely benevolent Society and immediately the Pó Léung Kuk receives a telegram to the effect that a kidnapper is coming down, or a child has been kidnapped, why not send it to the Superintendent of Police? Why should not the Pó Leung Kuk do that instead of issuing instructions to their own detectives? Why not go direct to the Police?

A.-I don't think it makes any difference.

( 126 )

Q.--Is it necessary to continue to supply the Pó Leung Kuk with detectives ? A.-I think so. The detectives, I think, are indispensable.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Many members of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk are not personally known to the Superintendent of Police, are they?

A.-I think the great majority of them are not known.

Q.-The majority could not speak or write English?

A.-No.

Q.-So there would be some difficulty in communicating direct with the Superinten- dent of Police ?

A. Yes.

Q.—But they could do so with the Registrar General ?

A. Yes.

-Now about the Pó Léung Kuk detectives. You say they might do evil, they might accept bribes, be corrupted, &c.?

A. Yes.

Q.-Is there so much chance for them to become corrupted as in the Police Force?

A.-Quite as much I think.

Q. Are they not much more open to detection when they are under a Committee of Chinese gentlemen who know most of their tricks pretty well? Take your own case. When you were Vice-President of the Pó Léung Kuk, don't you think you were in a better position to detect crime of that sort in your detectives than the Superintendent of Police could in his force?

A.—Certainly, because if we heard anything suspicious we might dismiss him.

Q.-But I mean in detecting it. Don't you think that being Chinese you are in a better position to detect crime of that kind in your detectives?.

A. Yes.

Q.-Accordingly, your detectives, or those placed under you would have less chance of doing evil, because they are more easily detected?

A.—I don't think so. They might be more easily detected, but they would have just as many chances.

Q.-Would they dare to take those chances? Suppose you are more liable to detection you would be unwilling to take the risk so much. Do you think that the detectives employed by the Pó Leung Kuk, knowing that the Pó Léung Kuk Committee could receive information direct from the parties aggrieved or that they could hear of the facts much more easily, dare accept bribes to any great extent?

A.—I do not see why they dare not.

Q.—Is it not a matter of fact that people won't do so much evil if they know that detection is more certain? Is it not-as a philosophical question?

A.-It may be so.

.

Q. -Reasonably you would expect that a man will not so readily commit a crime if he is easily detected 'than if he knows that detection will be difficult?

A. Yes.

Q.--Now in the case of the Pó Léung Kuk detectives. As a matter of fact you know the easy detection under ordinary circumstances?

A. Yes, it would to a certain extent prevent corruption.

127)

Q-Is it not the general rule that the Pó Léung Kuk Society meet every evening when there is any case to refer to them?

A. Yes, but we generally met on Sundays.

Q.-Suppose any case was brought up during the week days, didn't you meet in the evening to discuss the case?

A.--If there was anything necessitating our meeting.

Q.--During your term of office did you meet during the week days to despatch

business?

A. We had some meetings during the week days, but very seldom.

The CHAIRMAN.-Not as a rule?

A.-Very seldom. I think we only met once or twice in the course of my time. Honourable Ho KAI.-During your time, do you remember whether your detectives assisted the Police in bringing the kidnappers to justice?

A.-I think a lot of cases have been brought to the notice of the Magistrate through our detectives.

Q.-Do

you remember whether they arrested persons in the first instance and handed them over to the Police?

A.-In cases where the Police did not happen to be there.

Q.-Do you remember the actual fact that they have done so?

A. They might have done so.

-If they did so they would be assuming Police functions?

A.—Yes, but it was a matter of necessity.

Q. When you say "judicial functions" you mean some enquiry?

A.-I mean before the Magistrate heard the case.

Q.--You don't mean by "judicial functions" that they try the man?

A.-No.

Q. What do you mean by judicial functions?

A.-I mean that they should not enquire into a case like a Magistrate.

Q.-Suppose I was a friend of yours, and you have a case in Court. If I come and enquire into it do you consider that I am exercising judicial functions ?

A.—I mean instead of sending a case direct to the Police they would have the man detained in the Pó Leung Kuk and enquiry into the case--of the girl or the party kidnapped-as to how she was kidnapped and so on.

Q.-Judicial functions mean more than that, they include decisions.

A.-I did not mean that.

Q. -You only mean investigation?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you think investigation is wrong in that case?

A.-Wrong.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--Before it goes before a Magistrate?

A.-Yes, they might enquire afterwards.

Q.-You would not have them enquire at all?

A. No.

J

( 128 )

Honourable Ho KAI.-How would you know whether the man is suspected of being a kidnapper or not?

A.-It is not their business to know.

Q.-Then how are they to assist the Government ?

A. That is for the Magistrate to decide.

Q.-You would exercise judicial functions through the detectives?

A.-The detective does nothing but give the man to the Police. Suppose he finds a girl crying on the steamer; he enquires and hands the man over to the Police.

Q.-Is not that investigation?

A. He would have to ask a few questions of course.

Q.-That is investigation, is it not? The Committee of Pó Léung Kuk only put questions?

A.-I don't know what they have done but they have no business to do anything of that kind before the case is brought before the Magistrate. As to the detective he is bound to ask certain questions of the party before he knows what the case is.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-I take it that he means that the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk should not do anything more than the Police can do. The Police cannot keep a man in the Police Barracks until they find out whether the man is guilty or not. If the Police arrest a man they have to put him on the charge sheet or discharge him.

Honourable Ho KAI.-You have no objection to the permanent Committee being appointed if it is understood that they can be removed if anyone of them misconducts himself?

A.--Certainly.

The CHAIRMAN.-You have been acquainted with the Pó Léung Kuk Committees for years I suppose

Ι

A. Yes.

Q.-And you consider them representative men of the Chinese community?

A. Yes, I think so.

Q.- -And respectable men?

A. Yes.

Q.-With large business connections?

A. Yes, they must be respectable before they can connect themselves with the Tung Wah Hospital or the Pó Léung Kuk.

Q.-It has not been very easy to get people to serve on these Committees ?

A.-No.

Q.-They haven't been eager to serve?

A.-No, that is why I say the appointment should be made by the public and not by the limited number of members of the Pó Léung Kuk-there may be very few of them.

Q. They have found the duties onerous?

A.-Rather complicated.

( 129 )

Q: -The community have not been anxious to be members of the Pó Léung Kuk in order that they might pose as Mandarins or persons with great power?

A.-No.

-You think that they have been actuated by a desire to do good?

A.—Yes, good to the public. When I say they exercise judicial functions I mean that they have misunderstood their functions.

7

Honourable HO KAI.-You think the more their duties are defined the better?

A. Yes, the better for the management.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—And you are further of opinion that the members of the Committee should vote and decide as to the disposition of girls?

A. Yes.

Q.-Assuming that this Ordinance is passed into law and the Registrar General is President of the Pó Léung Kuk, suppose he finds himself in a minority-say, eight members out of ten or twelve decide upon a certain course and he is in the minority- should the decision of the eight members be carried into effect?

A. I think so, but the Registrar General will seldom if ever be in a minority. Q.—That the Registrar General should have no veto whatever?

A.-No.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-In the early part of your examination, if you may call it so, you stated in answer to Mr. WHITEHEAD that the Pó Léung Kuk could do nothing whatever to assist the Government in the detection of kidnappers. That is what I understood you to say and quite recently, in answer to Dr. Ho KAI, you say that the Society has rendered great assistance.

A.-I did not say great assistance, I said some assistance.

Q. Which opinion do you wish to be final?

A.-I don't think the assistance has proved quite a success. They might have rendered some assistance.

Q.-You stated that during your own time-while you were Vice-President- through the instrumentality of your detectives some men were brought before the Magis- trate. Surely this is a measure of success a very considerable measure of success.

say

You

that you do not think that the Pó Léung Kuk have rendered any assistance, and yet the latter part of your evidence goes to show that they have rendered much assistance.

A.-I quite understand you. I don't call it great assistance.

-Are you prepared to admit that they have rendered some assistance?

A. Yes. I don't see that in any way kidnapping has been suppressed. I don't suppose you will ever suppress it.

Q. Are you prepared to go so far as to say that they have rendered assistance which could not have been rendered by the Police?

A.--I should certainly say so.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Will you explain how they have rendered service which the Police could not have done?

A. I think the Police would not have such information as they give to the Pó Léung Kuk. I think the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk have greater facilities to get information.

( 130 )

Q.-If they communicate with the Police or the Registrar General, would the detection of crinte have been as great as under the auspices of the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.—I think in some cases a great deal of time would have been lost.

Mr. SIN TAK-FAN then withdrew.

The CHAIRMAN. I have had the wife of SIN MUN brought here to-day. In Inspector's STANTON's evidence you will remember he said that SIN MUN was in partnership with KWONG CHEUNG. *

The CHAIRMAN (to witness) (Dr. Ho KAI interpreted).-What is your name?

A.-LEUNG I.

Q.--Who are you?

A. I am third concubine to a man called SIN MUN.

Q.-Where do

you live?

A.—I live in Wing Lok Street.

Q. Where is your husband?

A.-In Penang.

Q.--When did he leave Hongkong?

A. On the 27th of the 1st Moon of last year.

Q. -Has he been in the Colony since that date?

A.-No.

Q.-Was your husband ever in partnership with a man named Kw'ONG CHEUNG?

A.-No.

Q.-You are quite sure?

A.-Quite.

Honourable C. P. CHATER (to witness).-Did your husband always tell you his business transactions?

A. Yes.

Q.--Although you are only third concubine?

A.--I lived with him a long time. Why should he not tell me?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How long have you been the third concubine of SIN MUN?

A.-Six or seven years.

Q.--What did

you do before you were third concubine of this man?

The CHAIRMAN.--I do not think we ought to go into the private life of this woman. I don't think it is a proper proceeding.

* See Appendix No. 25.

( 131 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I wish to test what the woman's testimony is worth. You get satisfied on one or two little points that you want to know. I want to know a little more.

(To witness) Was it not possible for your husband or master to have bad business transactions without communicating them to you?

Witness.--He would be sure to tell me.

Q.-Did he tell all his concubines what his business transactions were?

A.- No, some of the concubines were elsewhere.

Q. How

-How many has he altogether?

A.-Five or six.

Q. What is his income?

A.-Not much.

Q.-Who was your husband?

A.-SIN MUN.

Q.-What did he do?

A. He was a boarding-house keeper.

Q.-Had he been in the Police?

A.-No.

Q. How do you remember that he left on the 27th of the 1st moon last year?

A. When my husband goes away from the Colony I ought to remember that.

Q. How many other concubines had he in the Colony?

A. None.

Q.-His first wife was here?

A.-She went home yesterday.

Q.-

-What do

you

do now?

A.-Nothing but needlework.

Honourable HO KAI.-The whole matter is that KW'ONG CHEUNG was still in the Police Force when SIN MUN had gone to Singapore so that KW'ONG CHEUNG could not have been a detective in the Pó Léung Kuk while SIN MUN was in the Colony because he was at that time in the Police Force. That is the point.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--What was the date?

The CHAIRMAN.-March 7th 1892.

The Committee then adjourned.

( 132 )

NINTH MEETING.

Held September 30th, 1892.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART (Registrar General), Chairman.

""

C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

""

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

"

The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.

The CHAIRMAN read letters regretting inability to attend the Committee and give evidence before it, from Mr. Woo LIN YUEN and Mr. CHOW PING, and explained that Mr. NG CHOY would also be unable to give evidence having recently left the Colony, and that a letter he had addressed to Mr. CH'AN LONG-HIN, inviting him to attend had been returned with "Gone to Shanghai" inscribed on the cover.

Mr. N. J. EDE called.

The CHAIRMAN.-You are Secretary of the Union Insurance Company?

WITNESS.-Yes.

Q. Are you acquainted with the Chinese language?

A.-No, I am not.

Q. Are you personally acquainted with the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I am not.

Q.-Are you personally acquainted with the working of the Pó Léung Kuk ? A-No.

Q.-You have had no practical experience of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-None whatever.

Q.--Have you made any special study of the question of kidnapping among the Chinese ?

A.-No.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In the Hongkong Daily Press of Saturday, April 23rd last, a letter appears headed "The Bill for the Incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk" signed by you, Mr. EDE. I refer you to that date. Is that your letter?

A. Yes.

Q.-Was it drafted and prepared by some one else or by yourself? A.-By myself.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Mr. CHAIRMAN, I desire that this letter* in the Daily Press should be inserted in the appendix to our proceedings. (To witness) Have you carefully read the proposed bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes, I read it carefully before I wrote that letter.

* See Appendix

( 133 )

Kuk?

Q.-Are in favour of the bill in its present shape?

you

A.-Has it been modified? If it has not been modified, I am not.

Q.-Are

Are you in favour of a Governmental status being conferred on the Pó Léung

A.-I am not.

Q.-Are you aware whether any such Society in England, America, Australia or the other colonies, or elsewhere, has such Governmental status given to it as is proposed by this Bill?

A.-I think not; I have never heard of one.

Q.-If the proposed Ordinance was passed, could the Committee and Board of the Society sit in private and exercise police functions?

A.-I contend so, from the internal evidence of the Bill; from the absence of any provision for them doing otherwise.

Q.-Seeing that the Bill provides for the loan of constables and detectives, is there any security that the Society's functions will be exercised properly and without injustice towards any one whom the members of the Society or its employees may think proper to suspect?

A.--I do not think that there is any security. I may mention that I have said all these things in my letter.

Q. Will the return of annual accounts and reports to the Colonial Secretary, or the inspection of the Society's premises by the Governor, or the presidency of the Registrar General provide the necessary security?

A.-I do not think so.

-Does the proposed Bill give power to the Society to deal with the liberties of person in this Colony and establish a secret system of espionage over them which is repugnant to the principles of British Government?

A.-I think it does.

Q.--Is the enactment in direct violation of the principles of British liberty which purposely provides the great safeguard of publicity in all such matters?

A.--Certainly; that is my opinion.

Q.-Do you think it possible that the powers proposed to be given to the Society might be put to improper uses and that the liberty of the subject may be affected?

A. Certainly I think it is possible.

think

Q.-From the recent cases which have appeared in our Police Courts, do you that the Society is exercising powers in excess of those conferred upon it at present?

A.—I think I recollect a case where the Magistrate, Mr. WODEHOUSE, expressed the opinion that they had detained some one in the Pó Léung Kuk and had no right to do so but should have handed them over to the Police at once, and that they had no power to exercise, I think he called it, judicial functions. I have not read the letter recently, but there was one case which I recollect in which the Magistrate expressed that opinion, and I certainly concur with him.

-You read his remarks as they appeared in the press?

A. Yes, I read them in the press.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I have here a copy* of the Daily Press of August 1st, containing a report of the remarks of the Magistrate.

* See Appendix 44.

( 134 )

The CHAIRMAN.-The question of that report came up once before, and, if you recollect, we decided to invite Mr. WODEHOUSE to attend the Committee again.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I should like to have the views of the witness on these remarks.

Witness.-I concur on those points.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. I will put the question again. From recent cases which have appeared-cases which have appeared in our Police Courts--do you think that the Society has exercised powers in excess of those conferred upon them?

A.-They certainly appear to have done so in that case. I do not know anything of the case personally, my knowledge is only obtained from the published reports.

Q.-Are you of opinion that any body of men or any Society with a Governmental legal status should be allowed to conduct in private investigations into the family life and social concerns of the people?

A.-No, certainly not.

Should such judicial powers be conferred on any body corporate? A.-No, I think not.

The CHAIRMAN.-Which judicial powers?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Those which the proposed Ordinance will give the Society.

Witness.--No powers of that sort should be granted, I think--no powers to carry on a private investigation into the life and social concerns of the people.

Q.-If conferred would they tend to create an imperium in imperio?

A. Yes, I think that stands to reason,

Q.-Will you give us some explanation of what you thereby mean?

A.-It is giving powers which are not constitutional and which are contrary to the constitution of our Government, enabling people to do things which are outside the regularly constituted course or outside the regularly constituted powers and which violate the principles of British freedom. That is what I consider would be an imperium in imperio, a power within a power, a government within a government; that is all.

Q.-If the proposed Ordinance were enacted, would it mean a public confession and proclamation to the Chinese and to the world that the British Government, through its legitimate and publicly recognised machinery of the Police and open Courts of law, is unable to protect women and children and condescends to the unconstitutional method of creating a Society, which, though not a secret one in name, practically operates as such?

A.-That is my opinion.

Q. Do you think that a

think that a Society so constituted might terrorise over Chinese families, and that the Police and the public will know nothing about it until much inquiry may have been done?

A. Yes, the love of power is innate in all men, and I think it perfectly possible.. Q.-Although the members of the Board of Directors, and Committee are respectable men, and none of them at all likely to use their influence improperly, might not their subordinates or even individuals trading on the Society's proposed semi-governmental status, use their position to coerce people into acquiescence with their own personal schemes by threats of exercising the powers of the Society?

A.-I think it is probable.

Q.-In making new laws should legislators count with human nature ? A. Of course.

Bay

7

( 135 )

-Even if the Registrar General was President of the Society, would he know everything that takes place

A.--I do not think it is possible that he could.

Q.—Are you aware that the present Society has been recognised and its rules and regulations approved by the Government ?

A.-I have read that. I have read the rules.

Q.-Is anything more needed for the purposes for which the Society was founded? A. I should think not. I understand that it is a benevolent institution. There might be perhaps a few rules altered.

Q.- -Are you aware of the powers which the Government has conferred on the Society in its present shape?

A.-I cannot say that I have studied them.

Q.-Are you of opinion, from the recent case in the Police Court, that the Society has exceeded its powers?

A.-According to the decision of the Magistrate they seem to have done so. If I recollect rightly, he said they had exceeded their powers.

Q.—If the Legislature were to confer Governmental authority on a body corporate, would that be conferring immensely greater powers and authority than is either desirable or necessary

?

A.-I think so. I think that, especially with Orientals, it carries an immense amount of weight to have a status conferred on them by the Government. It does so with everybody but very much more so with the Chinese that we have amongst us-- and it would with the Oriental mind generally.

Q.-If such Governmental authority was conferred, would not the Chinese, and especially the lower classes, regard and look upon the acts of the members of the Society as the acts of the Government ?

A.-I think they would to a great extent. I do not think that the masses can distinguish very exactly. They would simply know that this was done under the authority of Government. A great many things that were done they would naturally infer were being done by the Government.

Q. Are the Chinese unwilling to complain or come into collision with the authorities for fear of unpleasant consequences?

A.-I have always found that to be so during my 30 years' experience. Whenever I have suggested to a Chinaman to take action when aggrieved he has shrunk from it. Once or twice in my experience a man has come to me and said "I have an injury done When I have endeavoured to put it through for him he has been very backward. The Chinese generally, I think, are afraid of coming forward.

to me.'

""

The CHAIRMAN.-You mean to prosecute people?

A. Yes, or complaining when they fear they may get the worst of it and perhaps by and by incur the displeasure of somebody in authority, or anything of that kind. I have found that to be so as a general thing.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Would the granting of the proposed Govern- mental status amount to erecting in our midst a secret form of Government which may do much mischief?

A.-I think so.

Q.-Does the proposed Ordinance provide for the publication of the names of the members elected from time to time on the Committee or Board, or for such elections being held in public?.

A. I think not.

( 136 )

Q.-Is the register of the members of the Society to be open to the public?

A.-I saw nothing of that kind in the Bill. Might I, however, say that in these writings I criticised the Ordinance as it stood, and, in making the law, if there is any omission of that kind, I take it there would be rules made afterwards, but according to that Ordinance there was no provision.

Q.-Does the Government provide that the annual accounts and report are to be published?

A. The Ordinance does not provide for that.

Q.-Does the law insist upon registered commercial companies publishing such particulars?

A. Yes certainly. All registered commercial companies have to publish their affairs.

.Q.-In such a serious matter as this affecting the social and family life of the Chinese, should these things be done in private ?

A. No. I think that we are here to encourage the Chinese to work upon constitutional methods such as we understand them rather than we should adopt what I consider is the oriental method of dealing with these things. I think in the long run we should get to understand the Chinese better than we do, and the Chinese would get to understand us better if we encourage them to follow out the constitutional methods of Government in every way, and appeal to the regular authorities, and have publicity in all that they do and say. According to this Ordinance, I take it, a man who is brought before them has not even got the security which is offered to the lowest criminal-that is of having his evidence taken in public. I think that at once the Chinese should be taught that no such thing is allowed.

The CHAIRMAN.-Will you show us the section in the Ordinance which gives the Pó Léung Kuk power to compel people to come before them?

A.-I do not know that it is in any particular section, but through the whole Ordinance there runs the want of publicity.

Q.-With regard to that point you were just mentioning, on the subject of having people brought before them and taking evidence, I should like to see the section of the Ordinance which touches on that point. Can you refer us to the section?

A.-I do not know that I can.

an enquiry.

Q.-I am talking of the Ordinance.

But take the case quoted. There they did hold

A.-I cannot say that it is in the Ordinance specifically.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There is nothing in the Ordinance which precludes it?

A.-No, not that I saw. There is nothing which gives them power I admit but they are to have police and detectives at their service. I was referring more to the general tendency of the Ordinance whereby they may have police and detectives and so on, and then bring people to justice. From what I have seen, and cases lately that have occurred, they certainly make enquiries first. Well, I am of opinion that that enquiry should be public-the first enquiry into anything of that kind should be public. It is the security to the individual.

Q.-Is there any provision that the buildings of the Society are to be open to the subscribers or the public?

A.-I do not think there is.

Q.-Does the proposed Ordinance occur to you as if secrecy were its underlying principle?

A.-Yes.

1

( 137 )

Q.-Should anything affecting the public be conducted in secret assisted by specially told off constables ?

A.--No.

Q.-Are

you aware that the Secretary of State did not consider legislation necessary when the subject came before him on a previous occasion?

A.--I saw that in the report.

The CHAIRMAN.-It is a matter of fact.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You are not opposed to the Pó Léung Kuk carrying out its benevolent work?

A.--Certainly not; I should encourage them with much pleasure.

Q. Are you opposed to secrecy in matters which affect the public welfare?

A.-Certainly-absolutely.

Q.---Could the work of the Pó Léung Kuk be conducted otherwise than in secret î A.--I do not know enough of the Pó Léung Kuk's working-but I certainly was told on one occasion that it would be difficult to conduct it otherwise.

Q.—It would be difficult to conduct the methods of the Pó Léung Kuk otherwise than by secrecy ?-

A.--That was what I understood from conversation with a gentleman here present before this Ordinance ever came up, and that was one of my reasons for writing this letter, particularly because I thought that, if these things could not be carried on openly, it was time to try and get them done openly. I do not know enough of the working of the Pó Leung Kuk to say whether they can or not, but I should say that they ought to be able to.

to it ?

Q.-Do

you

think that the Society should have police functions and duties entrusted

A.--I think that as soon as the detective has discovered something wrong he should hand the person over to the Police, and leave the rest to the regular Magistrates.

Q.-And that the proposed enactment should contain a clause to that effect and render illegal the Society carrying on investigations into a case, that they should be carried out in a properly constituted way ?

A.--I think the Magistrates' Courts are the proper places for these things.

The CHAIRMAN.-For which things?

A.-For holding enquiries.

Q.-Into what ?

A.-Into any alleged misdemeanor or crime of any kind. If the detective finds a man doing wrong he should hand him over to the Police so as to bring him before the Magistrate in the same way as is done in every case here.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Are you aware that the Police do make certain enquiries before bringing a man before the Magistrate?"

A.--Of the man himself? I am certainly not aware that they make what you call an enquiry. I do not think a man can be arrested and have his conduct enquired into by the Police.

.--But they enquire from other people concerning certain things before they make sure of the man and bring him before a Magistrate?

A. That is right, but not of the man himself. I suppose they work up their cases of course.

( 138 )

Q.-In the case of the Pó Léung Kuk, have you ever been to one of their meetings?

A.-Never.

Q.-Do you know as a matter of fact that they have men arrested and brought before them, and that they exercise magisterial functions?

A.--I do not know as a matter of fact.

Q.-So your opinion is formed from fancy?

A.-It is my opinion, not fancy.

Q.-Or from information you have received?

A.---I do not accuse the Pó Léung Kuk of having done anything of that kind. I say that the Ordinance enables them to do so, that is to say it does not prevent them from doing so. It gives them a status, and they have detectives under their entire control. Whatever they choose to do with regard to these detectives, and however they choose to deal with the individual, there is nothing to prevent them.

Q.-You say the Ordinance allows them to do it ?

A.-I withdraw that. I say there is nothing in the Ordinance to prevent them.

Q.-Is there an Ordinance that prevents you from taking a little drop too much in your own house?

A.--No.

Q.-Is there an Ordinance to prevent you from creating a row in your own house -breaking furniture and so on?

A.-I think there is.

Q.-

-Not unless you make a nuisance of yourself to the neighbours ?

A.-No.

Q-Because the Ordinance is silent on certain points you are not supposed to be allowed to do anything upon which the Ordinance is silent, are you? Because the Ordinance does not expressly forbid it the Pó Léung Kuk is not supposed to be allowed to, say, commit burglary or murder?

A.-The cases are not at all parallel. As far as I understand it, I will tell you what power the Ordinance gives them. It gives them power, under the status of the Government, to aid, by correspondence and other means, in bringing persons kidnapping to justice, and to help to restore the rescued women to their families, &c., and assist the Government to carry out the laws. Then added to that it provides that certain detectives and Police shall be at their disposal for their use in carrying out these things. Now, if it was a simple benevolent body, the Police and detectives would not be necessary

in my opinion.

Q.-My question is what power does it give to them to conduct a magisterial enquiry over the accused?

A.--That is another question. It does not give them power directly, but, as it says nothing about it and you confer on them a status enabling them to bring to justice certain persons and give them police and detectives to help them, I say the Ordinance is defective inasmuch as it does not prevent them doing these things.

Q.--I will put you a parallel case. Suppose the Ordinance is silent on the point that they should not conduct private enquiries, that they should not murder, steal, or exercise a thousand other functions which are ultra vires, you surely don't expect the Ordinance to include all that ?

A. But when the Ordinance confers powers it has to hedge them about.

*

"

The CHAIRMAN.-What powers

( 139 )

A. --The police and detectives under their control. What is the use of the detectives unless they are for detecting crime of a certain character? When you give a body of men or an individual power, and give him a status, and entrust to him a detective, official, or policeman, you have to hedge that power about with securities by distinct words for the sake of the liberties of those who are going to be dealt with.

Q. Are you aware that this Society has been in existence for many years?

A.--Yes.

Q.-Are you aware that they had powers as set out in that Ordinance ?

A.-I am not aware of it.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Take the Superintendent of Police; he has power conferred on him over the police and the detection of crime. He has however no power to hold a magisterial enquiry into any case.

A.--No, he has not, but does not the Police Ordinance say that the moment a man is arrested he shall be brought before a Magistrate ?

Q.-Within twenty-four hours, if you please.

A. Yes, if the Police do not do that, they are amenable to the law.

Q.-But that Police Ordinance does not state that they shall not hold an enquiry and shall not do this and that ?

A.-No, it does not.

Q. What do you mean by Police duties? Do you think Police duty includes the power to arrest ?

A. Yes.

Q.-And you do not object to the Pó Léung Kuk Committee having that power, if they bring the offender before the Magistrate?

A.-If the offender is immediately brought before a Magistrate, I see no objection. Q.-No objection to their exercising Police functions to that limit? You do not object to the Pó Léung Kuk doing that?

A.-My great objection is the want of publicity all through their doings. That is my great objection. That is the groundwork of my letter--the want of publicity.

Q.-You understand my meaning-you do not object to them helping the Govern- ment to arrest offenders as long as....

A.—As long as they do it through the proper channels. I am not sure that I would like to have detectives. You are of course asking merely for my opinion?

Q.-Certainly, you do not know anything of the working of the Society? A.-No, I know nothing of that, but I have been here a number of years, and I have received general impressions of course.

you

Q.-I do not quite gather what you mean by Police functions, whether intend that term to include all private enquiries, or any kind of prevention of the crime of kidnapping and other kindred offences, whether you object to the Pó Léung Kuk exercising that power at all?

A. They may exercise the power just in the same way as any man who might see a crime committed and arrest the individual. I should have no objection to that, but when it goes further, to having detectives who are to be allowed to go into people's houses....

( 140 )

The CHAIRMAN.-They cannot.

A.--If it is so, I should certainly object. The Ordinance gives them Police powers, and it does not define clearly what those powers are to be. The last section says "It shall be lawful to direct a certain number of constables and detectives to be placed at the service of the Society as His Excellency may direct." I say that the Ordinance when it comes into law, should distinctly state what those terms and conditions are.

Honourable Ho KAI.-If the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk were to conduct themselves in a legal manner, you would not object to them performing Police functions? A.--Not at all. I think it is a very good thing if they assist the Government. Q.--Do you know that the Pó Léung Kuk was started twelve years ago, in 1880 ? A.--I know it was some years ago. Q.--You were here at the time?

A.--Probably, I do not remember. Q.-I mean living here?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you know that one of the chief objects of the Society at its formation was to assist the Government in the detection of the crime of kidnapping and kindred offences?

A.--Yes, but more especially, I understood with regard to the protection of women and girls.

The CHAIRMAN.--You will see the two objects very clearly stated in Rule No. 1. Honourable Ho KAI.-The two principal objects are stated: 1st to assist the Government in the suppression of the crime of kidnapping and kindred offences and 2nd to find a Home for rescued women.

A.--I do not know what you call "kindred offences "-"kidnapping" it says.

Q.-You know very well that there are certain rules which have been approved of by the Secretary of State?

A.--Yes.

2.--You say you perused them?

A.-About the same time as I did this Ordinance.

Q.--Are you aware that these rules allow constables and detectives to be placed at the disposal of the Society?

A.--Yes, I think that is so.

Q.--Why did you not object then as you do now?

A.--In 1880 ?

Q.-I mean just now you said that it would work all right under the old rules?

A. Yes.

Q.--I hold that they are identical?

A.-There is the important point of giving the Pó Léung Kuk a status, á Govern- mental status, which turns them almost into a Government Department, and gives them a position they had not before. I think that is a very important addition. I also think, if I may say so, that in this Ordinance it proceeds to state what the Pó Léung Kuk had to do after getting that status, and it provides for no means of publicity as to their acts, and when you constitute a body of men almost a Government Department, affecting the liberties of the subject as it would, I think there should be something to provide for that publicity.

( 141 )

Q. I think you expressed the opinion that the Chinese are very backward in coming forward to prosecute, or maintain their rights?

A.-I think they have a feeling of that description. It is merely my opinion.

Q.--It is a very correct opinion as far as I know. Do you know that another characteristic of the Chinese is that they are very afraid to do anything for the Govern- ment here in case they offend the officials, or men in high position in Canton or the Empire of China?

A.-I believe that the feeling exists. I have heard it spoken of before.

Q.--You have associated a good deal with the Chinese during your residence here?

A.--I have known a great many in business, and very frequently I have taken an opportunity of talking to them on political and social matters, and I have taken rather an interest in ascertaining their views on these things.

Q.--Do you

know as a matter of fact that the Chinese require this Ordinance to protect them, want the Government to give them status in order to protect them from interference or from any evil consequences which might fall upon them in China on account of their discharging this important duty in Hongkong? The Members of the Committee of the Society having to deal with kidnappers here of course necessarily make a great many enemies. They are afraid, when they go to China, that they will have no protection from the officials there, and that is one of the chief reasons why they want the Government to give them a Governmental status in order to show to the officials in Canton that they are acting bonâ fide. Have you heard that?

A.--I did not know that.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How do you view that phase of the question ?

A.-I should say that it might protect them from their own people when they get to their own country, but whether it is expedient to do so, I doubt.

You think it is not expedient?

Q.-I do not quite understand you.

A.—I do not know whether it would be. That is a question which requires think- ing out on general grounds of policy and I am not prepared to answer the question at

the moment.

Q.--If it is likely to arise, what has just been suggested, namely, that the Chinese Officials in Canton and elsewhere may interfere with the members of the Pó Léung Kuk Committee for carrying out these functions here, would it not be better that the Colonial Government of Hongkong should carry out those Police functions through the properly constituted channel of the Police Force, and if the Force at present is not sufficient, to get more Police ?

A.—I am entirely of opinion that it should be done by the Police upon general grounds. I think it would be far better to have the whole thing detected by the Police. Q.-You object to the Pó Léung Kuk obtaining this legal status, having police under them, because you think it is possible for them to abuse the

power conferred them ?

A.-Without publicity, yes.

upon

Honourable Ho KAI.-Now I come to your main objection; your main objection is that their proceedings are not public?

A.-My main objection is that.

Q.-Suppose there is a clause in the Ordinance making their proceedings as public as possible, what would your objection then be?

A.-If their proceedings were public.......

( 142 )

The CHAIRMAN.-Such as our Police Court proceedings ?

A. Yes, as the Magistrate's Court or the Supreme Court. I think my main objection is removed at once.

Honourable Ho KAI.-And all other objections removed?

A.-That great objection.

Q.-But as far as the other objections ?

A.--As to conferring a status still I think there is an objection to that, because as I have stated, the masses would consider that as a sort of Government Department.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-And regard its acts?

A.-As part of the Government.

Honourable Ho KAI.-What harm would be done? You know in every Chinese town and village there are leading citizens to whom the masses look up and who transact their business for them ?·

A.-I say my main objection is overcome if there should be absolute publicity, if any house established, where girls were detained, was open to inspection at all reasonable times by Justices of the Peace, and members, and others. I think then that it might be allowed, might be worked.

Q.-Now, one thing I do not understand. Mr. WHITEHEAD asked you whether it would be well to permit enquiry into the private life, and family, and social concerns of the Chinese. Do you know as a matter of fact that that is done by the Pó Léung Kuk Society?

A.-I do not know.

Q.-Have you asked any Chinaman whether that was done?

A.—I have heard sometimes that girls were interfered with. That is what I referred to by "their family and social life.”

Q.-You don't call the life of girls in Taipingshan "family life," do you?

A.--Suppose a man is suspicious that a girl in a house is a kidnapped girl. If there are any enquiries set on foot and are carried on in private I think it is interference.

Q.--That would occur if there was no Pó Léung Kuk in existence?

A.-That is all right, if that interference results in anything and is brought to light- by publicity it can pass perhaps, but the whole thing rests upon that. If the people have a status given to them, police and detectives at their service, and no publicity, I should say

it is possible, not only in China but in England, that there would be inter- ference with the social and family life of the people.

Do

The CHAIRMAN.-You have said a good deal about the "status" of the Society. you know that the Pó Léung Kuk has at present a status, a Government status?

A.-I know that its rules have been recognised by the Government.

-And published in the Gazette?

A. Yes.

-What would be the difference then between these rules, and the rules embodied in an Ordinance ?

A.-There would be a difference, I think, in the eyes of the Chinese.

Q.-Would you tell us what the difference would be in the eyes of the Chinese?

A.---The difference would be that a law has been made and published giving this Society its status, and I consider that the masses...

Q.-The Chinese ?

( 143 )

A. Yes. The masses would certainly attach more importance to that than to these rules which I suppose are not known to some of them.

Q.--We have 250,000 Chinese here. Do you think that they know the difference between a law approved by the Secretary of State, and rules approved by the Secretary of State ?

A.-I should say that it would gradually get among them, much more having an Ordinance than if it was done as hitherto.

Q.-You think that the Chinese here understand the difference between rules approved by the Secretary of State and an Ordinance passed by the Council and approved by the Secretary of State?

A. -I cannot say that, but my opinion is that the effect on the Chinese would be much greater were you to establish the Society by a law. For instance, suppose a case occurred which was taken up by the Pó Léung Kuk under this Ordinance.

Q.--What kind of a case?

A.-Any kind of case.

Q. How would the Pó Léung Kuk take up the case?

A.-Suppose they took it up, it would soon become known that this is an institution which is now under law and is working by law, which is recognised by the Government.

Q. What do they say now with regard to the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.--I do not know.

-Do they say that it is working under rules recognised by the Government ? Are you aware that the idea of a difference between rules and laws approved by the Secretary of State is perfectly strange to the Chinese ?

A. The Secretary of State, yes, but I do not think it is strange.

Q.-There is a minute difference only, after all, between these rules and the Ordinance ?

A.--I think there is a considerable difference.

Honourable Ho KAI.—Are you aware that the translation of the word "law" and "rule" in Chinese would be practically the same?

A.-No, I did not know that.

The CHAIRMAN.--The Society at present has a status-or do you say it has not a status ?

A. As I understand it, it has not a status.

Q. You regard the rules approved by the Secretary of State as giving the Society no status at all?

body.

A.-Not what I call a Government status converting it into a specially incorporated

Q. Are you aware that this Society could apply to the Supreme Court and become an incorporated body to-morrow?

A. Yes.

Q.-So that your objection to the legal status for this Society only refers to that given by the Ordinance, because they could obtain a legal status without an Ordinance? A.---I don't know how far, in that case, they would have to publish certain things.

( 144 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. They might go to the Court here and obtain legal incorporation, but, I presume, you are aware that the Court would have, and has, no power to give them administrative powers or powers of a judicial nature?

A.-I do not know about that, because I have not studied the question.

The CHAIRMAN.--Will you point out in that Ordinance, which you have studied so carefully, where the Society is given judicial powers? Will you point out one section in that Ordinance which gives the Society judicial powers

A. No, but I say the whole of it does.

Q. Will you point out one section?

1

A.

There is no section.

You have asked me that before.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—The act as a whole?

A.--The Act as a whole confers powers. I must state that I do not see that it particularly and directly by any special wording, confers judicial powers. I do not see

that.

The CHAIRMAN.-You think that it gives judicial powers on the principle that "silence gives consent"?

A.-No. I replied to that when Dr. Ho KAI asked me a question, namely, the whole tenour of the Ordinance does confer on them certain powers without any security for the manner in which they are to be exercised.

Q.--Will you point out to me any powers given in the Ordinance which are not in the rules already approved by the Secretary of State?

A.—I cannot say.

Q. -It has not struck you that any new powers were given in the Ordinance which are not included already in the rules?

A. No, I did not look into that.

.--You talk about investigations into the family concerns of the people. This Society has been in existence for 12 years. Have you ever heard of any complaints from the Chinese of espionage or investigations into their social concerns?

A. No.

Q.-During 12 years ?

A.--Yes.

Q. Do you not think that if there was any cause of complaint the Chinese would have complained, that they would have presented a petition to the Government stating that their family concerns were unnecessarily interfered with?

A.—I don't know. The probability is that, if it went very far, they might have done so.

But I think they have objections to do that sort of thing.

Q. -You may remember a deputation during Governor BowEN's time which laid before him certain complaints on the part of the Chinese. Was there any

Was there any complaint of this Society?

A. I do not remember that there was.

Q.-You know that privacy of life is the palladium of the Chinaman?

A.--Yes-it ought to be.

Q.-Don't know that it is?

A. Yes.

you

:

Q.-Don't you think that if that privacy had been interfered with by this Society, it would have been complained of on the occasion I refer to, among other things?

A.--Perhaps so.

+

( 145 )

Q. If this Ordinance and these rules differ so slightly, how it is that there is going to be this prying into privacy which never existed under the old rules?

A. I look on that new Ordinance as conferring powers on this institution.

Q.-Powers that they never possessed before?

A.--Perhaps they have possessed them before, but I don't know that they were able to exercise them as freely as they would under this Ordinance, and having a Government status.

Q. Will you tell us how they can exercise them more freely than under these rules?

A.--I should think that when an Ordinance has laid these things down-that they are to be lent Police and so on--it is distinctly different, to my mind, to rules made in a general sort of way.

Q. In a general sort of way? The rules are approved by the Government.

-

A. Yes, but it is not the law of the land. It is an executive law, those rules are as far as I can understand them. The rules have been accepted by the executive.

Q.-

-And approved by the Secretary of State?

A.-I do not think they came before the Legislative Council.

Q.-In your letter you say "conferring immensely greater authority and powers." In what way?

A.--I consider that, the moment you give a man power under an Ordinance, you place him in a totally different position and give him much greater authority than he would have under a set of rules.

Q.-You think that would be the effect on the Chinese community?

A. In the course of time I think that would permeate through the greater part of the Chinese community.

Q.--You talk about the action of the Pó Léung Kuk affecting the liberty of the subject. Do you know that the object of the Pó Léung Kuk is to protect the liberty of the subject?

A.--I said it might do so.

Q. Do you know that the primary object of the Pó Léung Kuk is to protect the liberty of the subject?

A.-I did not know that, I thought the primary object of the Society is to prevent people being kidnapped.

Q.-Don't you think that is protecting the liberty of the subject?

A. To a certain extent, but it also acts in an opposite manner, and that is to say that the moment one is allowed to interfere in such matters as they do, it affects the liberty of other people as well as those who are kidnapped.

Q.--Rescuing kidnapped people affects the liberty of others?

A.--The process of doing so may, and does, affect other people.

Q.-Yes, sometimes a kidnapper is sent to gaol. That is affecting his liberty?

A. That is why I wrote so much in favour of having these things in public. If you consider that the main object of that letter was to ask for publicity, I think it would be unnecessary to ask me some of these questions. It all hinges on that. I want the liberty of the subject protected. If a man has done wrong, have him out and let us see it. That is what I mean by the liberty of the subject being affected.

( 146 )

-You talk about other places not having a Society of this kind. Are

Are you aware that in Singapore there is a Pó Léung Kuk Society based on the same lines as the one in Hongkong?

A.--Yes, I know that, but when I spoke about this kind of Society I meant in European nations.

Q.-Are you aware that the Government aids and subsidises that Society?

A.-I believe that it does.

Q.--Do you think the Chinese ought to be encouraged to suppress kidnapping? A. Yes.

Q.--That it is a good thing to encourage?

A.--Certainly.

Q.--And you think that a Committee of respectable Chinese gentlemen are able to assist the Government in this direction?

A.-- I do.

-You think they ought to be encouraged?

A. Yes, certainly.

Q.--You made some reference to Orientals. Don't you think that Orientals are more likely to know more about their own affairs than Europeans?

A.-I think they are.

Q. And that, knowing more about them, they are more capable of dealing with them?

A.-Not in a constitutional manner-No.

Q.-With regard to kidnapping, don't you think that a body of respectable Chinese are more capable than any other body in this Colony to find out information with reference to kidnapping, and to detect it?

A.-I think they are.

Q.--You think then, as far as the detection of kidnapping is concerned, that the Society would be more useful than any other body in this Colony?

A.—Yes, I think so, a body of respectable Chinese.

So far as the detection of kidnapping goes you have no objection?

A.-No, certainly not.

Q.--You think they ought to be encouraged?

A. Yes.

Q.-You think that when a man is detected he ought at once to be brought before the Police ?

A.--Yes, brought into Court.

Q.-Do you know the present mode of proceeding on the part of the Pó Léung Kuk-that when a man is arrested he is taken to the Police, and the victim is taken to the Pó Léung Kuk? I presume you have no objection to the Pó Léung Kuk asking the victim questions with a view to getting information against the man?

A.-No objection at all. What do they do with the victim?

Q.-They keep her there until the case comes on.

A.--I think the victim should be free to go where he or she likes.

Q.-You mean the rescued woman? And fall into the hands of kidnappers again?

A. If the woman wishes by all means let her.

( 147 )

Q.-How about a poor woman who comes here quite destitute and friendless? Is she not to be kept in the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-I say there would be no objection to that form of proceeding if the place was opened freely to inspection.

Q. Have you ever applied to the Pó Léung Kuk to enter the place?

A.-I have not.

.—Then you don't know whether it is open to anybody?

A.I dont know.

Q.-So that if the place is opened by this Ordinance you would not know that that was not the practice at present?

A.-I don't know what takes place at present. I may say that I must correct myself on one point. I did on one occasion ask if I might go down to the Pó Léung Kuk. I asked it through my old compradore, and he enquired and said "No, they don't like you to come."

Q.--That information is second hand?

A.--I asked purposely on that one occasion.

-You say you asked your old compradore to enquire?

A. Yes, and he came back and said they did not wish anyone to go.

Are you sure the compradore ever did ask?

A-Of course if you ask me for evidence I cannot bring it. The compradore is dead. It is not likely that he did not ask. I doubt that very much.

Q.-If you can give me the year I can ask the Committee if there is any record of such refusal.

A. Of course I cannot. It is not of any importance. I mention it merely to correct what I stated-that I had never asked.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Are you under the impression that their proceedings have been carried on in secret?

A.--My belief is that there has been nothing published about their meetings or sittings. I have never heard of it.

The CHAIRMAN.--You are not aware that they publish every year an annual statement and account of every girl who has entered the Institution, and what has been done with her? *

A.-No, I was not aware of that.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Are you aware that there is in Hongkong a benevolent Society managed by a Committee of ladies ?

A. Yes.

Q.-If the Pó Léung Kuk's duties were confined to benevolent work and the police functions, which they now carry out, entrusted to the Police, would it not be preferable?

A.-I think that is not the object. The two things are totally different. The Benevolent Society gives relief to those who ask for it, but they do not undertake to find out kidnappers.

The CHAIRMAN.-Do you know that only last month the Pó Léung Kuk and the Benevolent Society co-operated?

A.-I think the Benevolent Society confines itself to giving help.

* See Appendix 42.

( 148 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. Do you know that there is a strong feeling against the attempt to give a political status to this benevolent Society?

A.-I cannot say.

Q.-This new Ordinance gives this Society administrative powers which hitherto they have not possessed?

A.--I understand that they have been carrying out these administrative powers under those rules.

The CHAIRMAN.-Will you point out, Mr. WHITEHEAD, in what section the admi- nistrative powers are conferred?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD-They are- contained in the Ordinance, if you will read it.

The CHAIRMAN.-I have failed to discover them.

Mr. KAW HONG-TAKE called.

The CHAIRMAN.---You are a Justice of the Peace?

WITNESS.-Yes.

Q. How long have you been a resident in Hongkong?

A.-Nearly eight years.

Q.-Do you know the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes, I have heard about it.

Q. Are you a member?

A. No, I never was a member.

Q.-Do you know anything about its working?

A.--I have heard about its working.

Q.--But you have no practical experience of it?

A.--No, I am not a member, I am not on the Committee.

Q.-Do you think it does good work?

A.-Well, from what I hear it is not properly worked. It is very badly managed. Q.-In what way is it badly managed?

A.-About the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk arresting men and doing all kinds of things.

Q. Can you give us a single case where they have arrested a man improperly? A.—Well, I know some cases where they have been on board steamers sometimes. One case was that of Tsau Kung Wan's concubine.*

Q.-Will you tell us about that case? You say that the Pó Léung Kuk detective arrested Tsan Kung Wan's concubine and took her on shore?

A. Yes.

Q. You are sure?

A.-I don't know. It must be.

Q.--Why?

A. Because I heard so. They said that she was arrested by the Pó Léung Kuk, but whether the detective went himself, I do not know.

Q. Do you know that it was a European inspector who brought that girl to the Registrar General's office?

A.-I did not know that.

* See Appendix 38.

j

( 149 )

Q.--Will you tell us, please, about this case of Tsau Kung Wan?

A. From what I learnt from Wong Sing Tung himself, Tsau Kung Wan's con- cubine was going from Canton to Shanghai. She was brought on shore and detained in the Pó Léung Kuk for some reason. His number 4 concubine was entrusted to get this concubine for him at Shanghai, and this number 4 concubine has done something wrong I think. Of course they had some suspicion of her taking the girl to Shanghai, and so they brought her here and detained her here for some time. From what I heard, a member of the Committee asked this girl where she was going, and, of course, she said "I am going to Shanghai to find my husband there" and one of the Committee said "Why should you go and marry such an old man. It is no use. This is Hongkong, a British Colony, you can do as you like" and of course the girl said "My mother consents. They bought me in Canton. I am going up there" and then they brought some photographs of the old man to show the girl, and they told the girl that it was no use to go to such an old man. Afterwards the girl changed her mind, and would not go. I understood that after the girl had gone back to her mother in Canton, that one of the ex-members of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk took her for his concubine.

Q. Do you know that of your own knowledge, because the man himself denies it?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The ex-member of Committee denies it?

The CHAIRMAN.-Yes. (To witness). How do you know all this?

A. One of the men who had some interest in it. Of course he told me confident- ially. He said they were disgusted with the Pó Léung Kuk because it interfered with private family life.

Q.-Is that the only case?

A.--I have heard that the Pó Léung Kuk have detained some brothel girls from Canton sometimes two or three weeks, and make the girls pay the expenses which sometimes were $50, $60, or $100, and when they get out they get registered again.

Q. Can you give us one case?

A.-There was Só MUI.* Her sister was So FUK.

Q. What happened to her?

A.--In her case she went in the usual way to the registry office, and she told me that she met a European gentleman and his interpreter, and as soon as he saw her he told her to stand by.

Q.---Who told her?

A. The interpreter in the presence of the European. She stood there for a while and then the man said "send her to the Pó Léung Kuk" and she was detained there for three weeks, and members of the Committee asked her questions, and said "you are too young" but the girl said she was willing to go into a brothel. She was detained there and the holder of the register of the brothel made her pay expenses —'ricksha, interpreter, and so forth--amounting to nearly $100.

Q.-She had to pay?

A. Yes.

Q.-To whom?

A.-To the head man of the brothel.

Q. What expenses?

A. The expenses of obtaining her release.

Q.-Paid to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.--Somebody must have received the money.

* See Appendix 37.

( 150 )

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The brothel keeper paid the money ?

A. The sister paid, I believe.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Do you say the sister of this So MUI paid the brothel keeper $100 for expenses?

A. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.-What expenses?

A. An inmate of the brothel said the brothel keeper said for getting her out of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The money then was supposed to have been paid to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes, the brothel keeper said he had paid that to get her out.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you enquired into the case?

A. Yes, and I think we found that the brothel keeper was connected with a man you dismissed.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--Recently?

A. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.--That was MOK LAI CHI.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Is he still here?

A. I do not know.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I think we might have him up.

He told me so.

The CHAIRMAN.-I understand that you have interviewed him.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-He wrote a letter to me and called at my office.

The CHAIRMAN (to witness).-Did this girl say that she gave anything to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-Not directly; the brothel keeper took the money from her.

Honourable Ho KAI-As I understand it there were two girls in a brothel. So FUK and So MUI, the latter was taken to the Pó Léung Kuk and So FUK paid the brothel keeper $100 which the keeper said he received and gave away in order to get So MUI out of the Pó Léung Kuk.

The CHAIRMAN.-Where is So MUI?

A.--Still here.

Q.-In a brothel ?

A. Yes.

Q.--Have you any other cases?

A.

Some other cases that I don't know about, but in this one Mr WONG SING TUNG assisted a great deal in getting the girl out.

man.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Who is he?

A. He was a member of the Committee of last year. He is a very respectable He assisted to get this girl out and he told the members of the Pó Léung Kuk not to detain her, and therefore she got out. We had a dinner party and so I found out.

The CHAIRMAN.-Have you any other cases?

A. I heard of several cases but I took no interest in them.

( 151 )

Q. When were the cases?

A.--About the same time.

Q. Can you give us names or dates?

A.-I

A.

I don't know personally myself, but in regard to this case I mention Mr.

WONG SING-TUNG. He helped the girl out.

Q.-Have you seen the girl herself?

A.--Yes.

Q. Has she told you the story herself?

A. Yes, and her sister also, and Mr. CHOW PING also.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.--And Mr. WONG SING TUNG told you?

A.--Yes.

Q. And did he say it cost the girl $100?

A. No. Mr. WONG SING-TUNG did not say that, but the girl said it in his presence and in Mr. Cнow PING's presence also.

Q. Do you know how that money was supposed to be spent?

A.-I do not know, but the way the brothel is carried on is open to very great temptation. The head mistress of the brothel never uses her name to the register as It is a very the owner of the house. They get an amuh to be the registered owner. bad system because this woman can do what she likes with the girls. hear when the girls are taken to be registered, there are some fees to be paid to the Clerks.

The CHAIRMAN.-Registration is quite free, there is no fee.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.—What fee is it?

A.--There is a fee to the clerk I hear of $2 or $5.

The CHAIRMAN. -Who said so ?

A. The girls said so.

From what I

Q.-You say that because they had not arranged the fees So MUI was detained?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you know that every girl who comes to the office has to be brought before the Registrar General ?

‘A.--No, I did not know that.

Q. Do you know that the Registrar General is the person who detains the girl, and nobody else?

A.-No, I did not know.

-Do you know that it is the Registrar General who gives the order to send the girl to the Pó Léung Kuk, and nobody else?

A.--I don't know exactly. This brothel keeper told the girl that he had had to pay some fees.

Q.-I want to bring that out clearly. Do you know that every girl is questioned personally by the Registrar General ?

A.-No.

Q. Are there any other cases ?

A.-No other cases.

( 152 )

Q. Do you think that the Pó Léung Kuk does any good here?

A. Yes. I think the institution does good in rescuing these distressed children and women and all that.

Q.--You think it does good?

A.-A very great deal of good.

Q.-Have you read the new Ordinance?

A.-No I have not seen it.

---Have you any suggestions to make with a view to the improvement of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. As for myself, I take no interest. I have no knowledge of how they work. I have only heard it is not worked properly and the Committee are young men and have no experience, and I don't think they work satisfactorily.

Q.-You don't think so?

A.-No.

Q.-Why?

A.-They have not much experience.

Q.-Who were the young men of last year ?

A. There were one or two who are less than 30 years old. There was WAI LONG SHAN.

is 36.

Honourable Ho KAI.-He is about two or three years older than I am, and that

A.-I did not know that.

The CHAIRMAN.-You think they are too young?

A. When they are young they go their own way, you know.

Q.--Is that the only improvement you have to suggest, that they should have older men?

A.-I have no other suggestion, but if you discuss the thing properly, have the old members and new members here and discuss freely and openly. I think that is best.

Hon. Ho KAI.-Do you know TSAU KUNG WAN personally?

A.-No, only by name.

-Do you mean to say that TSAU KUNG-WAN is not your friend?

A.-I never had any correspondence with him.

Q. Do you know that he has been down here twice lately?

A.-I do not know. I never met him.

Q.--Don't you know that he has been down here and stayed at the On Tai Insurance Company's place recently?

A.-No.

-Do you know how many concubines he has ?

A.-I heard from a friend that he has ten or twelve.

Q.-Do you know what age he is ?

A. He is 70, I think.

Q.—And do you know whether his fourth concubine has been caught on a former occasion taking girls away and alleging that she was taking them to be concubines to TSAU KUNG-WAN, and that afterwards it was found that she had sold them?

A.-No.

X

( 153 )

Q.-You said just now, however, that TSAU KUNG-WAN'S fourth concubine had done something wrong?

A. Yes.

(6

Q.-Were you aware that that was the something wrong"?

A.-No.

Q. Are you a member of the Tung Wa Hospital?

A.-No.

Q.--Do you know whether there is a record of that case in the Tung Wa Hospital* records ?

A.-I do not know, but I did hear a man say that she had done wrong.

Q.--Do you know Mr. WONG SHING's son ?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you know that Mr. WONG SHING's son is a member of the Kwong Shiu Kung Sho at Shanghai ?

A.--No.

Q.--Do you know, whether as a matter of fact, that two girls supposed to be con- cubines of TSAU KUNG-WAN were sold as prostitutes ?

A.- No.

Q.-Suppose you yourself had evidence before you that a woman was in the habit of procuring girls and alleging that they were to be the concubines of an old man in Shanghai whereas the woman was selling them as prostitutes, would you not as a member of the Committee arrest that woman and suspect her?

A.--Yes, I would.

Q. And when you have got a man from Shanghai such as Mr. WONG SHING'S Son who says that he knew of those two cases against TSAU KUNG WAN or his fourth concubine, would you not think that the Committee were justified in keeping this girl?

A.--Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.--With regard to this case of TSAU KUNG-WAN'S concubine, the girl said she did not wish to go?

A.—I said that at first she was willing to go, but after she had got some information she would not go..

Q. Do you know that the girl was detained by the Registrar General and not by the Pó Léung Kuk ?

A.-I did not know.

Q. It was by order of the Registrar General that she was brought from the ship and detained, and I can show you the correspondence.

A. Allow me to ask, do the Pó Léung Kuk possess the right to go on board a ship and arrest people? Do they go as constables?

The CHAIRMAN.-No Pó Léung Kuk detective goes on board now without a European inspector.

A. I understood the Pó Léung Kuk detectives could go and arrest anyone they liked. Can the detectives go into private dwelling houses?

The CHAIRMAN.-Nobody can enter a private house without a warrant, it is illegal.

A.--I heard that the Pó Léung Kuk detectives had been inside people's houses annoying the inmates. It is only hearsay. I have no practical knowledge of it myself.

* See Appendix 38 (D, and E.)

( 154 )

Honourable Ho KAI.-They are not really Pó Léung Kuk detectives, but they are persons who impersonate Pó Léung Kuk detectives. We had a case recently.

The CHAIRMAN.-You think that the Pó Léung Kuk ought to be encouraged to do its work?

A. I think so.

Q. -With little older men on the Committee?

A.--That is only my own suggestion. If there are proper men to work the Society, it is no use having so many. People do not like to join the Pó Léung Kuk because they have too much to do.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Don't you think it would be a good thing to have a permanent Committee consisting of older men like yourself and Mr. WAI YUK?

A. It would be a benefit to the Pó Léung Kuk. For instance some of the Committee now are merely salesmen, and what do they know of the management.

The CHAIRMAN.-Some of the Committee are?

A. Yes, some of the hongs do not like to go, so they send a salesman.

Q. You think it would be a good thing to have a permanent Committee?

A. Yes, but it depends on what kind of men you have. You must have a proper Chairman to supervise the thing.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Have you any objection to the Registrar General being appointed Chairman?

A.-I think that is very good.

Q.-Have you any objection to the representative of the Chinese being Vice- president?

A. No, a man who understands English and knows how to work it properly.

Q. -And five or six members who are old residents here, men like Mr. WAI YUK, to be on the permanent Committee?

A. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.-You think that the Chinese are in favour of the Pó Léung Kuk?

A. Yes but I tell you candidly the Pó Léung Kuk interfere too much.

Ilonourable Ho KAI.-I think you had an intimation that the girl who was to have been TSAU KUNG-WAN's concubine, was got by an ex-Committee man? Would you be surprised to hear that she was married instead to a man named WONG NGOK TING?

A.--I heard quite a different story the day before yesterday.

The CHAIRMAN.Do you know that it is utterly untrue? that she is married to a man named WONG NGOK TING? *

A. I don't know.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Then had this ex-Committee man anything to do with it?

The CHAIRMAN.-Nothing whatever to do with it.

The Committee then adjourned.

* See Appendix 38 (II).

-

( 155 )

TENTH MEETING.

Held January 6th, 1893.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART (Registrar General), Chairman.

F. H. MAY, Esq., (Assistant Colonial Secretary).

Honourable C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

""

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

""

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed.

The CHAIRMAN.-Gentlemen, a considerable time has elapsed since our last meeting, which is owing to a variety of reasons. Many of the members have had a great many other matters to attend to. But we have met at last to-day and I should like to hear from the members of the Committee whether they consider themselves satisfied with regard to the evidence they have heard, and the documents which have been placed before the Committee; whether they consider themselves fully informed and are prepared to draw up a report answering the questions which have been asked in the letter from the Colonial Secretary to this Committee. What do you think, Mr. CHATER ?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I do not wish for much more information, I think we have all that we want. Perhaps, as was suggested by Mr. WHITEHEAD to me just now, some information from the Secretary of the Pó Léung Kuk might be forthcoming, but that could be gained without our meeting here, I think.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Dr. Ho KAI has suggested that some members of the Committee might look into the records and books of the Society and report to the Committee how they found matters.

Honourable Ho KAL.-Assuming that it is desirable, I said that if the Pó Léung Kuk people were to bring up all their books here it would take up a great deal of time of the Committee because there will have to be interpreters, questions put, and so on. If Mr. WHITEHEAD requires any information on any subject which could be obtained from the Secretary and the records and books, I should think the best way would be to appoint two or three members of this Committee and one afternoon we could get the Secretary to come up or go to whatever place we might desire to meet at in town, and bring all the books. We could then go through them and pick out any information we want. I think that will be simplifying the matter. the final report of the Committee.

After that we could consider

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I cannot but express my regret that the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk have refused our applications to attend at our meetings. At the seventh meeting of the Committee, Mr. CHATER was very strong indeed on the subject and referred to the fact of our having twice asked the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk, or several of them, to attend in order to give some evidence, but which they refused to do. That being the case and if they still refused, Mr. CHATER stated that he would no longer be a party to the Committee of enquiry, in which I fully agreed, and it was my intention to-day to have moved a resolution that we do not proceed further until the directors or one or two of their members should attend. But I do not care to bring that motion forward now as the proceedings have dragged on for a very long period and it takes up

( 156 )

a vast amount of our time, which we can ill afford to spare. Then with regard to the petition of the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk to the Government, I suppose that was sent in, in August or September last. I do not know whether, Mr. Chairman, you can tell us when that petition was sent in?

be?

The CHAIRMAN.-It is dated the sixth intercalary moon. What date would that

Honourable HO KAI.-August.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-When that petition was circulated, after perusing it, I saw it was a very important document and I had a copy of it made and there are certain expressions in that petition to which I really cannot but take most serious exception. It imputes to the members, or some of the members, of this Committee the most improper motives. The document is most disrespectful in regard to those members of the Committee. I am extremely sorry that such a document should have been sent in by the members of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk.

The CHAIRMAN.-What are the expressions to which you take exception?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-One is as follows:- «*** Those who are "enquiring knew this quite well and acted purposely in this way in order that the "directors might be induced to express themselves in a hasty and confused manner." To accuse any members of this Committee of doing what is a most improper proceeding is a most improper course for the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk to follow, and a most improper and most unfounded charge to prefer against any member of this Committee.

Honourable Ho KAI.-They have done nothing more than some members of this Committee have themselves been doing.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD dissented-and said they state that our conduct seems to be imbued by a most unfair spirit in all our proceedings. I do not know what the Government has done in regard to this petition, but I am certain that if the unofficial members had laid such a document as that upon the table of the Legislative Council it would have been returned to them by the Governor. I consider this petition is most disrespectful, as it imputes most improper motives to one or more of the members of this Committee.

Honourable Ho KAI.-It is not presented to this Committee.

The CHAIRMAN.--No, it is presented to the Government.

Honourable Ho KAI.-They can express any opinion they like regarding any member of this Committee.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-This petition, I think, should form a portion of our proceedings.

The CHAIRMAN.-It is in the appendix-No. 34.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-- Another thing is this-but perhaps we had better confine ourselves to what I have said about this petition. I am exceedingly sorry that such an uncalled for charge should have been preferred against any member of this Committee. Perhaps, Mr. CHAIRMAN, you could state what the Government has done?

The CHAIRMAN.-No, I cannot. I do not think that is before the Committee for enquiry. This Committee asked that they might be supplied with a copy of the peti- tion. I think it was first of all referred to in one of the letters of the Pó Léung Kuk in which it was said that if this Committee wished to see the petition they might get it from the Government. Upon that the Committee, or some member of the Committee, said he would like to see the petition, and that is how it came before us. But I think it is outside the province of our enquiry to ascertain what the Government has done with regard to the petition.

(157)

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I should like to know whether you, as Chairman of this Committee, have taken any notice of the charges which have been preferred against one or more of the members of this Committee.

The CHAIRMAN.-I have taken absolutely no steps.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It did not occur to you to take any steps?

The CHAIRMAN.-The petition comes before us as part of our enquiry in connection with many other charges made against the Society, but the statements in it do not appear to me to be nearly so serious as many of the charges made against the Pó Léung Kuk such as neglect of duty, detaining women, and squeezing. I might just as well have taken notice of each of them separately. These matters are really now sub judice and we are considering them as a whole without investigating into each case by itself. I take it this petition forms part of the general proceedings of the Committee. If in our report you desire to make comment on it you are perfectly at liberty to do so, but I think to single out one of the documents of our appendix for special report is not quite in accordance with the usual mode of procedure in an enquiry such as we are now holding.

Honourable Ho KAI.-The paragraphs referred to, as I understand, contain the complaint of the Pó Léung Kuk directors to the Government that they have been unfairly treated, and so far as they knew they thought they were purposely treated in that way. The complaint they wished to make is simply this, that they were asked to come up here as witnesses more or less against themselves before the witnesses who were supposed to come forward to substantiate the charges against them were called, and, if you remember, Mr. CHAIRMAN, as a member of this Committee I protested against it as being unfair. As an impartial judge in the matter I thought that was an unfair proceeding, and I put my opinion on record at the time. No wonder those who are attacked think such a proceeding coming from the Committee, composed of men who are supposed to be more or less impartial, as very unfair and in their opinion tantamount to having been purposely done. I am sure they are quite at liberty to express their opinion on the matter, and I am certainly in sympathy with them.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--In imputing improper motives to members of this Committee?

Honourable Ho KAI.-No, not at all.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-This petition imputes improper motives to Members of this Committee.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I am in sympathy with them as regards the injustice and unfairness of the proceeding, and to their minds it is tantamount to having been pur- posely done.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-An arrangement was arrived at as to the mode of proceeding at an earlier meeting and it is not now within Dr. Ho KAI's province to come forward and again harp on a matter which was previously settled.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I only offer an explanation of how I read the sentences in the petition.

The CHAIRMAN.-I would also point out that in presenting this petition to the Government the Petitioners resigned their positions as directors of the Pó Léung Kuk. That was the object in presenting the petition.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There must have been some deliberate object in imputing improper motives to the members of this Committee. I am sorry indeed that they have done so.

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The CHAIRMAN.-I think you will agree with me that perhaps it is best to treat this petition as part of the general proceedings of the Committee instead of selecting it for special treatment and if in the report you wish to draw attention to it you are at liberty to do so.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Is it part of the proceedings?

The CHAIRMAN.-Yes, it is referred to in the evidence and it comes in as part of the appendix.

6C

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD,-In their letter to you of the 20th of September they said:"We have recently presented a petition to the Government regarding the Society, and shall be glad if your Committee will ask to see it.” They thereby invited our attention to the improper motives they had attributed to one or more of us. I should like to include in the proceedings a note I wrote to you on October 4th in connection with that petition. I wrote asking that it should be sent round to us and you replied that it should be sent round if the other members agreed, which they did.

The CHAIRMAN.--I did not know it was intended to be treated as a formal note, but I will look through my papers for it. I have no objection to its being put in.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I would like it put in.

The CHAIRMAN (to Mr. F. H. MAY).-Mr. MAY, are you in a position to give your opinion on the points which have been referred to the Committee? Do you want any further information ?

Mr. F. H. MAY.-I require no further information,

The CHAIRMAN.-I take it Mr. CHATER does not. Do you, Dr. Ho KAI ?

Honourable Ho KAI.-No.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD (to Mr. CHATER).-Beyond these particulars that you require from the clerk of the Pó Léung Kuk?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Yes.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There is one point and that is as regards the remarks of the Police Magistrate, Mr. WODEHOUSE, with reference to the working of the Pó Léung Kuk. I offered to put them in as part of the proceedings at a previous meeting, but the Chairman overruled me and said it could be left to a later stage I am still desirous of including those remarks of the Police Magistrate on the working of the Pó Léung Kuk.

The CHAIRMAN.-I said that we should have to recall the Police Magistrate, but I have no objection to the report of the Daily Press being put in, if the other members

agree.

(Members a cquiesced and the "Daily Press" report of the Police Magistrate's remarks on the working of the Pó Léung Kuk were put in the proceedings of the Committee.) *

The CHAIRMAN.-With regard to these particulars which are required, do you know, Mr. WHITEHEAD, what they are?

how

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I will frame them. I should like to know the number of members there are in the Society. How many there were, the first year, many the second year, and how many in each year up to date, and a few other particulars-I forget what they are.. I asked the Chairman of the Directors if you remember when he was here, but he could not tell me. He had no idea of the number of members in the Society.

The CHAIRMAN.-I would suggest that Mr. MAY and Dr. Ho KAI be requested to procure this information for the Committee, and circulate their report among the members after which we might have a meeting and finally decide upon our report.

* See Appendix 44.

f

T

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With regard to our last meeting I may mention we had Mr. KAW HONG TAKE before us who male certain statements with regard to a certain gentleman called TSAU KUNG- WAN and the inmate of a brothel. You may remember that at the end of his evidence Dr. Ho KAI asked Mr. KAW HONG TAKE whether he knew that the former concubine of Mr. TSAU KUNG-WAN had been respectably married and he said he did not. Members agreed that the documents in the case* should be shown to him. Mr. KAW HONG TAKE did call at my office and I showed him the documents which have been circulated among the members of the Committee both with regard to the concubine and the inmate of the brothel, and Mr. KAW HONG TAKE expressed himself as fully satisfied. He said he had been labouring under a misapprehension and he would take steps to contradict the false statements. I have also circulated among you since the last meeting, the annual report of the Pó Léung Kuk for last year with a short abstract in English and I think it would be well if that was included in our appendix. †

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-The whole report?

The CHAIRMAN.-No, the abstract which shows the numbers and so on. I have also circulated a paper with regard to a gentleman who summoned a Pó Léung Kuk detective before the Magistrate, and a letter § from the Colonial Secretary dated December 5th. asking us when the Government may expect our report and calling attention to the fact that the Committee was appointed on April 28th, and that in justice to the Society against which such serious allegations were made, we should submit our report as soon as possible. These are sentiments with which all the members will heartily agree.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Yes, certainly.

The CHAIRMAN.-We will try to get our report drawn up as soon as possible, whether it is unanimous or not, Mr. MAY and Dr. Ho KAI having undertaken to get the particulars required.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I hope I am not the only member of the Committee who wishes to know how many members there are in the Society.

The CHAIRMAN.-Mr. CHATER, Dr. Ho KAI, and Mr. MAY have said they are satisfied.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I thought that instead of having the Secretary of the Pó Léung Kuk up here we might get the information through two members of the Committee.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-But you are all of opinion that it is desirable to have it ?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Yes.

The CHAIRMAN.-I am sure it must be very gratifying to us all to feel that we are within measurable distance of the conclusion of our enquiry.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Yes, although I cannot but deplore that the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk have not come forward and given us the information of which we were so much in need.

Honourable Ho KAI-I am not quite sure that they refused to come absolutely. I think that at the end of our enquiry they might come up.

The CHAIRMAN.-Every member has stated that he is satisfied with the information We and I do not know what would be the object of having the directors before us. have heard just now from every member that they are ready, perfectly ready, to give their opinion on the points submitted except that they would like to be furnished with

* See Appendix 38.

† Sec Appendix 12.

See Appendix 11,

§ See Appendix 40.

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one or two more particulars which are to be obtained by Mr. MAY and Dr. Ho KAI. Satisfaction being the order of the day I do not see what useful purpose would be served by prolonging our sittings.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-We cannot go back on what we have expressed at previous meetings.

The CHAIRMAN.-I am pleased to see that satisfaction has been arrived at.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--It has not, it has not been arrived at. By the directors having refused to come our report cannot be satisfactory or complete. Mr. CHATER said that he would not be a party to any further proceedings if they refused to attend. They have refused to attend yet we are still here. This is the first meeting we have held since we knew that they had refused for the third time to attend.

The CHAIRMAN.-The chief point is that the members are satisfied and are in a position to report on the points referred to us by the Government and I congratulate the members of the Committee on having at last arrived at such a state of feeling and I now propose that we adjourn until Mr. MAY and Dr. Ho KAI have kindly obtained the information required.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I cannot concur for one moment with the remarks you have made.

The CHAIRMAN.-Then I have misinterpreted your meaning, Mr. WHITEHEAD.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Dr. Ho KAI has said that the directors may still come forward and if they will I should be very glad indeed.

Honourable Ho KAI--Instead of Mr. May and myself going there let the directors come here. If they do so I should think there could be no dissatisfaction.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-If I have caused any dissatisfaction I should like to take the opportunity of removing it. I have not intentionally caused any annoyance to anyone.

Mr. F. H. MAY.-Dr. Ho KAI and I might arrange as to how to get the informa- tion and see whether the directors like to come.

Honourable Ho KAI.--I thought that as Mr. WHITEHEAD only required the list of members &c. I should only be too happy to get them for him, but if he still con- siders that notwithstanding the information we can extract it will still be unsatisfactory I simply refuse to act. I would rather the clerk of the Pó Léung Kuk or one of the Pó Léung Kuk Directors come up here.

The CHAIRMAN.I think this Committee will have perfect confidence in any in- formation procured by yourself, Dr. Ho KAI, and Mr. MAY. I am sure I am represent- ing the feeling of the Committee in saying that.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I should quite approve of any information as to its accuracy or reliability-certainly-but as regards the attendance of one or two members of the Board of Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk I still think that they ought to come and give us the information we ask for.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-We asked them to come and they refused. The matter is at an end. It is on record that they refused to appear before us; what is the use of going into the question again? They have definitely declined to come and the thing is over. Now we want some other information from the Secretary of the Society which Dr. Ho KAI and Mr. MAY are going to obtain for us and then will come the question of our report.

The Committee then adjourned sine die.

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ELEVENTH MEETING.

Held February 10th, 1893.

Present.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART (Registrar General), Chairman. F. H. MAY, Esq., (Acting Captain Superintendent of Police).

Honourable C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

EAD.

Minutes.

D

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed.

The CHAIRMAN said. Since we met on January 6th, I have circulated among you the report* which Dr. Ho KAI and Mr. MAY kindly drew up after having examined the records of the Pó Léung Kuk Society. I do not know whether there is any other information that you desire to have.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In regard to the report I wish to say that I owe the Committee an apology for not having supplied Dr. Ho KAI and Mr. MAY earlier with the particulars which I was desirous of obtaining, but the pressure of work on business men during January and which will continue until after China New Year has been such that I have been working very long hours daily. It was, therefore, utterly impossible to attend to the matter of this Pó Léung Kuk during that period. I can assure you I have done my level best to give it attention but I have not been able to spare the time. Mr. CHATER will agree with me that we have had an exceptionally busy time-an exceptionally troublous and trying time.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-There is no doubt about that.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-And in addition to our ordinary work the unofficial members of Council had during that period to prepare a memorial to the MARQUIS OF RIPON in connection with the excessive and constantly increasing cost of the administra- tion of the Government of the Colony. Under the circumstances I am very sorry indeed, but it was utterly beyond my power to begin to go further into the question of the Pó Léung Kuk. Our time is very valuable and had the Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk acceded to our request at an earlier date, towards the end of the year when we had more leisure time we could have gone into the matter, but during January and until after China New Year our time is more than fully occupied.

Honourable C. P. CHATER (to the CHAIRMAN). The particulars and information given by our two friends are all there are they not?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I have read the report over, but it does not give the answers to the questions I asked. One of the questions which I put to a Director of the Pó Léung Kuk and which I repeated at the last meeting of this Committee was in regard to the number of members in the Society during the first year and in every subsequent year up to the present time.

Honourable HO KAI.-We can answer that now. We stated that we found the original record at the beginning of 1881 showed 120 members, I think, in that year, and we found no record of membership beyond that one book.

*. See Appendix 43.

( 162 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Then you do not know how many members there are in the Society to-day?

Honourable Ho KAI.-No, except by the new list of subscribers issued last year. Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--You refer to the special subscription of $30,000 ? Honourable Ho KAI-Yes, but they become members as soon as they sub- scribe a sum of more than $10. A subscription of $20, $30, or $100 entitles them to membership. We are not dealing with the new members and no doubt many who subscribed last year were members in 1881. We found no other book from 1881 until last

year which had any reference to membership. We should have mentioned it if we had found any. We specially asked the Clerk of the Pó Léung Kuk and he said that there was no other book.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-That being so possibly the Clerk could be called up at our next meeting to give us that information as to the number of members.

The CHAIRMAN.-But we have got it.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I should like to know the number of members during the first and second and every other year.

Honourable Ho KAI.-They do not know themselves.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. If they do not know they can state that they cannot give it.

Honourable Ho KAI.-They have stated it to us.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-That does not appear in your report.

Honourable Ho KAI.-No, but you can put the question to us and we can answer it because we asked the Clerk about it.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It is positively the case?

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Yes, they said there were 120 members the first year.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-And no members have since been enrolled as members of the Society-no Chinese have been enrolled in any one year since the first year until 1892 ?

Honourable Ho KAI.-I do not say that. I say there is no record in the Clerk's books to show.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Although there may be no record it is possible that there were members enrolled?

Honourable Ho KAI.-There has been no enrolling. If there are no records there cannot be any enrolling. I think the history of the Society is that first of all the work was carried on-before the Society was formed-by the Tung Wa Hospital and when the Society was formed they carried on the operations in part with the Tung Wa Hospital. The inmates of the Society were put into the Hospital at the expense of the Hospital. Consequently all the members of the Tung Wa Hospital became members of the Society, since they had to support the Society at an annual expense of $3,000 or $4,000. I think the Chairman can tell us whether it is generally the case that the Chairman of the Tung Wa Hospital was also Chairman of the Pó Léung Kuk Society. I think you will find that it was stated to be so.

The CHAIRMAN.-No, I think as a rule they had separate individuals; not the same person as Chairman of both Institutions.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-The Chairman of the Pó Léung Kuk when he was

among before us said that it was always done by election themselves.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I think I remember that when Mr. WONG SHING became Chairman of the Tung Wa Hospital he was also elected Chairman of the Pó Léung Kuk

( 163 )

Society, but he refused to act. The same with Mr. WAI YUK. Mr. WAI LONG SHAN was Vice-Chairman of the two Institutions.

The CHAIRMAN.--I think as a rule during the existence of the Society that the Chairman and Vice-Chairman have been chosen from the Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen of the Tung Wa Hospital and it often happened that the gentleman who had been Chairman of the Tung Wa Hospital became Chairman of the Pó Léung Kuk the next year. I do not think they carried on both positions simultaneously.

*

Honourable Ho KAI.-I know that there is some such practice among them. I noticed it particularly.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-As regards membership and subscriptions paid by members during the various years since the Society has existed if the Clerk were called could he not give us some information?

The CHAIRMAN.-We had all the accounts of the Society at the very beginning of our proceedings.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In regard to the number of members?

The CHAIRMAN.-The accounts show what the subscriptions were.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There are donations then outside of subscrip- tions. If the Secretary could be called for a few minutes he might give us information.

The CHAIRMAN.--I think we have it.

Honourable Ho KAI.--The Secretary has only been two years in the service of the Society.

The CHAIRMAN.-You will find in Appendix 15 that we have the whole of the accounts from the first year up to the year this enquiry started, and you will find that the revenue was chiefly made up of loans from the Man Mo Temple.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Certain subscriptions were given and possibly they might be able to say how much was from new members.

The CHAIRMAN.—I think that you will find that there were no subscriptions from new members.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How many members are there in the Society

to-day?

The CHAIRMAN.-That can be shown. I have here their last report* which is included in our proceedings. There are 793 names of subscribers. A sum of $29,204 was sub- scribed.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-That is scarcely what I want. It is a list of the yearly subscribers to the funds of the Society.

The CHAIRMAN.-These are subscriptions to the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-These are donations, more donations than sub- scriptions. A subscription is a sort of entrance fee. I want those who have paid an entrance fee if there is such a thing.

The CHAIRMAN.--Membership is acquired by a person giving $10 or more. In this subscription 793 have paid more than $10. Before that I think as a rule it was only the directors themselves for the year being who contributed. The rest of their revenue was derived through loans from the Man Mo Temple.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Some time ago you promised to write to Singapore and Shanghai with reference to any similar institution in either place.

The CHAIRMAN.--The full account of how the Home at Singapore is worked is in our appendix. †

* See Appendix 42.

† See Appendix 36.

( 164 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-The description does not state whether the Society there has a Government status similar to that which is proposed to be given to the Society here by the proposed Bill.

The CHAIRMAN.-The Home there is established under the law for the protection of women and children. Under that law there is a special provision regarding the Home for Girls, and the Home in Singapore is established under that Ordinance.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Is it merely a Benevolent Society or is it a depart- ment of the Government with power to administer laws and carry them out, to assist the Government in carrying them out, as the Act which we are now considering proposes to give to the Society here?

The CHAIRMAN.-I do not quite understand that interpretation of the proposed Ordinance.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--The police here are a department of the Govern- ment and the Society as is proposed to constitute it under the new Ordinance will become a kind of department of the Government; that is to say it will be a separate department from the police and have Government status and power.

The CHAIRMAN.It would aid in the good government of the colony most decidedly. The object of the Ordinance is to put the Pó Léung Kuk on a more satisfactory footing than at present, to enable it to carry on the work which it has carried on, in a more effective manner. That is, I take it, the object of the Ordinance.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Is the Society in Singapore similarly constituted?

The CHAIRMAN.--I do not know that there is a special Ordinance incorporating the Pó Léung Kuk, but it is recognised by Government and performs much the same work in Singapore as the Pó Léung Kuk does here.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--The Society there has no Government status, no status in consequence of any Ordinance passed?

The CHAIRMAN.--It is recognised, I believe, under the Ordinance for the protection of women and children as helping in the management of the Home to which girls are sent. It is therefore recognised by law.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--The Ordinance which is before us is one which gives a Governmental status and power to the Society, that is to say that it will be part and parcel of the Government of the colony.

Honourable Ho KAI.-That is only an inference on your part.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I view it as such because it is outside of the police, and the police is a department of the Government.

The CHAIRMAN.-That is a point really more for embodiment in our report than for discussion now.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I want to know what Singapore does.

The CHAIRMAN.-If my explanation is not clear I should like to make it clearer. Honourable C. P. CHATER.--Singapore is under a different Ordinance to what is proposed here. It is under the Women and Children Protection Ordinance and the Society is part and parcel of the requirements for carrying out that Ordinance.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Would it not be well to follow Singapore? Honourable C. P. CHATER.-These women are got together by the Chinese them- selves and they say "We want to have a place to put them into." They won't be dictated to.

The CHAIRMAN.-It is a distinction with very little difference. Both Societies are under an Ordinance in so far as they are recognised by Ordinance. As a matter of fact,

( 165 )

Singapore has followed Hongkong's lead. The Pó Léung Kuk was first established in Hongkong and some years ago Singapore followed suit and established a Pó Léung Kuk there.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It was for information I was asking.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Singapore applied for a copy of the regulations of the Hong- kong Society I believe.

The CHAIRMAN. Yes, the Singapore Pó Léung Kuk Society adopted the rules of the Society here, the same regulations under which the Pó Léung Kuk has worked for years here. They passed their Women and Girls Protection Ordinance before us and we largely imitated them when our own Ordinance was introduced.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I know from a legal practitioner at Macao that application was made to establish a Pó Léung Kuk there similar to the one here, and the Government declined to give them any Governmental status.

Honourable Ho KAI-I should think so because they allow young girls to go into brothels there. I was disgusted when I went to one of the Clubs there-the only Chinese Club-last year, to find that young girls were allowed to go in under 12 and 13 years

of age.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--Was that recently ?-because I think things have changed.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Yes, last year.

The CHAIRMAN.-Because Macao refused to grant any status is no argument why we here should not do so.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I know the Government there does very peculiar

things.

Honourable Ho KAI.-They have no Women and Girls Protection Ordinance or any law anywhere near it.

The CHAIRMAN.-In Appendix 36 you will see a memorandum from Mr. HARE of Singapore giving the rules, &c., under which the Society works there.

Honourable Ho KAI.-Does not the Pó Léung Kuk here also look after male emigrants?

The CHAIRMAN.-Yes, it does. It takes care not only of females but of distressed and destitute males.

Honourable Ho KAI.-That is one reason then why the Macao Government did not allow such an Institution. I believe that emigration is free there.

The CHAIRMAN.-Had it not been for the Pó Léung Kuk it would certainly have been necessary to have had some Government Institution like a Poor House. Distressed Chinamen arrive and they are immediately sent to the Pó Léung Kuk who find the men board and lodging and very often, if he is destitute, defray his expenses home. The Tung Wa Hospital have of course assisted the Society a good deal and the Tung Wa Hospital are now, not unnaturally, desirous of getting rid of the Pó Léung Kuk and this expense.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How does Shanghai deal with the matter?

The CHAIRMAN.-I have not heard. I wrote a private letter to a friend of mine there, but I got no answer. I wrote to Mr. MCEWEN, the Superintendent of Police. The letter, I may say, dealt with two subjects and perhaps he overlooked the second portion. I have asked several people, however, casually and they do not seem to be aware of any such Institution.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I have lived in Shanghai and I know of no such Institution. I have also made enquiries here from those who have been resident there recently from one who was Chairman of the Municipal Council-and they know of no such Institution.

$

(166)

The CHAIRMAN.--There is no law there for the protection of Women and Children and the suppression of kidnapping?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I don't think so.

Honourable Ho KAI.-They have an Institution among the Chinese. I met a man the other day who had been Chairman of it.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Purely Chinese ?

Honourable Ho KAI-Yes. It may develope into a Pó Léung Kuk because I know it has helped young girls back to Hongkong and places in the North, and also found them husbands and so on-rescuing them from brothels.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—At our next meeting I wish to make a statement as to what I really meant and intended when I stated in the Legislative Council in April last that I regarded the Pó Léung Kuk as a Secret Society and I shall be prepared to make ample explanation and apology for any want of clearness in the language I then used and any annoyance which unintentionally has thereby been caused. I am not prepared to go into it to-day.

The CHAIRMAN.-Perhaps you might make it in writing. It would save time.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Yes, I am quite prepared to do so.

The CHAIRMAN.-Members will agree to Mr. WHITEHEAD making his statement in writing?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. Then I would wish further to call you, Mr. Chairman, as a witness at our next meeting or at any time which would suit your convenience, for the purpose of your having the opportunity of contradicting certain statements which have been made to me, verbally and in confidence, and as I have already stated in the letter which I wrote to the Colonial Secretary on May 7th last.

The CHAIRMAN.I don't quite understand, Mr. WHITEHEAD, to what you refer.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-The paragraphs in my letter I refer to.

The CHAIRMAN.-Let me know clearly what has been said with regard to me and the names of your informants and I shall be perfectly prepared at the proper place and time to deal with those statements in the proper manner, but I do not consider that they form any part of this enquiry.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-But I submit that they form a most important part of this enquiry. It is in connection with the special subscription raised last year. The Chinese come to the Government and say "We have raised so much money we now want a Home," and it is a very important matter for this Committee to know how the money was raised. Several of the Chinese have informed me, and I also have a letter here which I should like to read which bears on the subject and which has been referred to at one of our previous meetings. It is dated July 15th last and reads :--

35, POTTINGER STREET,

HONGKONG, 15th July, 1892.

SIR,

Being aware that you are busily making private enquiries regarding the Pó Léung Kuk, I beg to offer you my private assistance.

I had been interpreter in the Registrar General's Office for some time. I was discharged in May last. As a matter of fact I did not know upon what ground the Government dispensed with my service. The Government has done great injustice in my own case.

As regards Pó Léung Kuk I think it is my duty as a ratepayer to furnish you with all the information I can give regarding the working of the Pó Léung Kuk and the Registrar General's Office. The following is a short sketch of the information I can give which can be proved either by documents in the Registrar General's Office or the Pó Léung Kuk, or by witnesses that can be easily obtained :-

1. The Registrar General sent for Chinese merchants by scores day after day last year, to go to his office during office hours, and asked them to subscribe to the Pó Léung Kuk fund.

( 167 )

2. The Registrar General made use of his opportunities when he saw any merchant or well-to-do person, in his office, by asking him if he had subscribed to the Pó Léung Kuk. If the answer was no, he would ask him to subscribe quickly and liberally.

3. A great number of the destitutes especially males contained in the annual report for 1891

were not actually disposed of by the Registrar General as is stated in the report.

I have no ill-feeling toward any one, but I think it is only fair that you should know it.

I shall be always ready to be of service to you if you think it necessary. If you desire a private interview with me, I shall come and see you with much pleasure.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD,

Chartered Bank.

Believe me, I am,

Yours most sincerely,

MOK LAICHI.

I do not know the man. He came to my office and he told me distinctly that the official influence of the Registrar General had been brought to bear in the raising of this subscription from the Chinese.

The CHAIRMAN.-I say that I consider this question quite outside our enquiry. If there is a desire to investigate the conduct of the Registrar General at any time that of course can be done. I think it is quite beside the question for me to say whether I object to such investigation or not. I consider that letter from a dismissed clerk in the Registrar General's Department has certainly nothing whatever to do with the Pó Léung Kuk and I am perfectly certain that the other members of this Committee will agree with me on this point.

Honourable Ho KAI.--When was the clerk dismissed?

The CHAIRMAN.--I forget the date-in May last year I think.

Honourable Ho KAI.--He writes on July 15th last year, that is after his dismissal. The CHAIRMAN.-I should also like to ask the members of this Committee whether they think the proceeding on the part of a member of this Committee is in accord with propriety, when he interviews a clerk dismissed from my department in his private office without bringing the matter before this Committee. I don't know what

I don't know what your views on the matter may be.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Perfectly justifiable and perfectly proper.

The CHAIRMAN.--It strikes me as being a proceeding which is, to say the least of it, most improper and one that I am surprised that a gentleman, who represents the commerce of this Colony in the Legislative Council, should ever have adopted.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—I regret extremely that you think it necessary to make any such gratuitous remarks. They are utterly uncalled for and utterly impro- per and I protest against them most emphatically as being most improper and most uncalled for. I submit that I was perfectly justified in getting any information which would enlighten me further in connection with the Pó Léung Kuk and I shall continue to do just what I think is right and what is likely to promote the welfare and interests of the Colony generally, and of the Pó Léung Kuk, and I am perfectly sure that if those who represent the trade and commerce of the colony did not have implicit confid- ence in me I should not occupy the place I do in Council as their representative.

The CHAIRMAN.-Gentlemen, I should like to know what your opinion on this point is and whether you desire this enquiry to be further postponed, or the report drawn up.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I submit that the manner in which this subscrip- tion was collected has a most important bearing on the question which this Committee has been asked to enquire into-a most important bearing--as pointed out in my

letter to the Colonial Secretary.

The CHAIRMAN.-What is your opinion, Mr. CHATER?

( 168 )

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-It has a bearing on the enquiry certainly, but I do not know that we can very well lengthen this much more. You see the member who presses this forward made a statement and that statement has been flatly contradicted to-day. For my part I do not want any further information on the subject. I am satisfied with what has taken place and I am prepared to go on with the report to the Governor.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. You said a statement had been contradicted-

which statement ?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Your statement.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD. No statement has been contradicted.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-About raising the money.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-No statement has been contradicted.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I thought that the Governor said in his letter to you

that no forced measures were taken by the Registrar General.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-No such contradiction. My only desire was that the Registrar General should have the opportunity of contradicting the statements which had been made respecting the mode in which the money was collected.

Honourable Ho KAI.--I was under the impression that it was contradicted.

The CHAIRMAN.-I do not understand what is required to be contradicted. Is it that the Registrar General has been extorting money from the Chinese? Is that what you mean, Mr. WHITEHEAD?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.--I never said such a thing.

The CHAIRMAN.-Is that what you mean?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I never said, or used language which could convey any such impression, and I am sorry you do not pay a little more attention to the words which have been used. To ask me such a question as that is quite unjustifiable, and is totally uncalled for. I would refer you to my letters to see whether any such interpre- tation can be put upon them. I submit it cannot be. My words are there and explain themselves.

letter your

say

?

The CHAIRMAN.-What does

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-You have my letters before

The CHAIRMAN.-I want to know what has to be contradicted.

you.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.—I only wish to give you the opportunity of doing so.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-As far as I can make out it was that pressure was brought upon the Chinese to subscribe this $30,000.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-The course followed is stated in my letters.

The CHAIRMAN.-I don't understand it. In what way was pressure brought ? Honourable C. P. CHATER.-Cannot you turn up the letters? I think he explained what he meant by "forced measures or something to that effect.

""

Honourable Ho KAI.-I think the word "influence" was used. But certainly the statement made by the Governor is totally different.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I think Mr. WHITEHEAD wrote to the Governor to explain what he meant.

The CHAIRMAN.-" Official Influence" I see are the words used.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-That is the letter of Mr. WHITEHEAD to the Governor ?

( 169 )

Honourable F. H. MAY.-That does not form any part of the questions referred to the Committee?

The CHAIRMAN.-There are nine points referred to the Committee.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I think it said something about "undue pressure which an honourable member had suggested.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-To whom does that refer?

The CHAIRMAN.-To the Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I never made such a statement as undue pressure. The CHAIRMAN.-You have contradicted it ?

""

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I will at any moment declare that I never made such a statement.

The CHAIRMAN.-I think it is better that there should be no feeling about it-I mean personal feeling.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I must protest against any remarks which are unjustifiable or improper as some of yours have been.

The CHAIRMAN.-If I understood what the honourable member meant exactly we might see a way of arriving at an explanation of the matter. I am perfectly certain that the honourable member does not mean to accuse me of having told the Chinese that they must subscribe or that something dreadful would happen to them, but that unfortunately is the meaning which has got attached to the matter.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In whose minds ?

The CHAIRMAN.-In certain minds. The Chinese themselves have told me that the terms "lak sok" which mean "squeezing" have been applied to me. That is the impression that has got abroad. I am perfectly certain that Mr. WHITEHEAD does not wish me to contradict such a statement as that. Therefore I do not understand quite what he exactly wants me to say. If he wants me to say that I have not used my official influence to aid this Government in every possible way in suppressing kidnapping and protecting women and children, I may at once say that I intend to use my official influence as long as ever I can for good and directly my official influence ceases to be exerted for good it will be quite time for me to retire from the public service.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Was that question asked of the Committee? The CHAIRMAN.-Yes.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-Mr. WHITEHEAD has withdrawn that expression.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-How can I withdraw it if I never used it. I never said that pressure had been exercised.

Honourable F. H. MAY.-What do you want the Registrar General to deny then?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-It has been said that his official influence has been brought to bear upon the Chinese to induce them to subscribe to this Society or to its funds.

The CHAIRMAN.-In what way?

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-In your official position. I have been informed in confidence by Chinese who have contributed-they will not allow me to disclose their names that they have been sent for by the Registrar General and when in his office he discussed the question and advised them, asked them, to subscribe to the funds of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-He does not deny that.

The CHAIRMAN.-I advise every Chinaman that I meet, if I think my advice will have any effect, to subscribe to the Pó Lêung Kuk, or any equally good object.

( 170 )

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-He said that he never used his official influence.

Honourable Ho KAI.-The Registrar General admits that he asked to subscribe to the Pó Léung Kuk, or any other good object.

Thẹ CHAIRMAN.--Most decidedly.

every

Chinaman

Honourable HO KAI.-You use those words "official influence," Mr. WHITEHEAD, but Mr. LOCKHART has an individuality.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-I do not refer to Mr. LOCKHART, but to the Registrar General.

Honourable HO KAI.-Mr. LOCKHART asked certain friends to subscribe to a good object. It might have been the Famine Fund or anything else and a man might come out of the office and say "The Registrar General asked me to do so." That is not right. It so happened that Mr. LOCKHART happened to be the Registrar General when be asked them to subscribe to the Pó Léung Kuk. Suppose it is a cricket or football or recreation club or anything of that sort of which Mr. LOCKHART is President and he asked any one to subscribe to it might it be said that he used his official influence to induce people to subscribe to the clubs. That is nonsense.

The CHAIRMAN.-If this $30,000 has been subscribed because I advised subscrip- tions to it, all I can say is that it is one of the most successful bits of work I have ever done since I have been in the colony and I should be glad in any similar case to be again so successful. I am afraid, however, that I cannot lay the flattering unction to my soul of having been the only person who advised the subscription to be got up because as a matter of fact I know that for the last 10 years the Chinese have been advised to get up a subscription to the Pó Léung Kuk, and the advice took a long time to mature into actual figures. With regard to the Colonial Secretary's reply I may say that I have long been of opinion that there should be a subscription and I have frequently expressed my opinion to many Chinese. I do not see why these gentlemen who have given this information should have been ashamed to give their names. If I advised them to subscribe and they did subscribe I am glad to hear that they took the advice, but if I advised them to subscribe and they did not, well, nothing dreadful as far as I know has happened to them. I do not know whether any members require further information on the various points we have to consider.

Honourable Ho KAI.—I should think, Mr. WHITEHEAD, you are satisfied with that answer. I think the mistake was to put the Registrar General's title and to say that he did this and that in his official capacity. It perhaps suggested in the minds of some that he used improper influence, but I would point out that our Chairman is also Chairman of a Committee for getting up some exhibits for the Imperial Institute and if by persuad- ing people to contribute he is using "improper influence" I think he had better resign.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-There is some difference.

Honourable Ho KAI.-I am going to propose that the Chairman be asked to proceed with the report at once as the report will be a pretty long one and I think the Chairman should be requested to proceed with it immediately so that we can get it read the next meeting of council.

Honourable C. P. CHATER.-I should think the Chairman could make out the report. Honourable Ho KAI.-You second my proposition?

Honourable C. P. CHATER.—Yes.

The Committee then passed to consider the various points referred to them in the letter from the Colonial Secretary, and agreed that the Chairman should draft the report, in accordance with their views and circulate it among the members for their consideration.

The CHAIRMAN asked whether members desired the discussion to be printed. Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD stated that he wished the discussion to be printed, and the other members did not dissent.

The Committee then adjourned sine die.

"

་འ

Appendix 1.

Letter from the Honourable the Colonial Secretary respecting the appointment by His Excellency the Governor of a Special Committee to investigate and report

on certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation

of the Pó Leung Kuk.

No. 736.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 28th April, 1892.

SIR,

I am directed to inform you that His Excellency the Governor has been pleased to appoint you to be Chairman of a Special Committee consisting of the Honourable Acting Colonial Treasurer, the Honourable C. P. CHATER, Honourable Ho KAI, Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD and yourself for the purpose of investigating and reporting on certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk presently before the Legislative Council.

The points on which His Excellency more particularly requires a report are as follows:-

1. Whether it is advisable to give the Society a legal status.

2. A. Whether provision should be made for such status in a Bill similar to

that under discussion or B. whether, as suggested by the Secretary of State 10 years ago, the Society should be formed under the Companies Act of 1865 and its rules and organisation formally approved by the Local Government.

3. Whether it is in any sense as suggested by the Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD

"Secret Society."

a

4. Whether any of the subscriptions have been obtained by "pressure or

"order

as asserted by the same Honourable Member.

5. Whether some of the Runners are disreputable and squeeze as suggested

by a Member of the Police Force.

6. Whether a grant not exceeding $20,000 should be made by the Government or whether it would not be preferable to hand over the block of houses situated in New Street, including the first floor and the site, to the Society instead of making them a grant in money.

7. Whether the Proceedings, Books, Buildings, &c., of the Society should not at all times be made accessible to Justices of the Peace, Magistrates and others.

8. Whether the last clause of the Bill should not be omitted altogether.

9. Whether in any case a suspending clause should not be attached to the

Ordinance.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable

THE REGISTRAR GENERAL,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Colonial Secretary.

[ii]

Appendix 2.

BANK BUILDINGS,

SIR,

HONGKONG, 30th April, 1892.

I am retained and instructed by the Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk to represent that association in any inquiry that may be instituted by the Government, and to support their claims before the Legislative Council, or before any Committee of that body, to incorporation and recognition.

I understand that you have been appointed Chairman of a Committee of Inquiry. May I beg that I may be furnished with a copy of your instructions, if any, or with a memorandum shewing the scope of the inquiry about to be made.

I have further to apply on behalf of the Pó Leung Kuk to be heard before your Committee and to be permitted to examine and cross examine witnesses if needful.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient humble Servant,

The Honourable

THE REGISTRAR GENERAL,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

SIR,

JNO. J. FRANCIS, Q.C.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 3rd May, 1892.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 30th ultimo, which I will lay before the Special Committee, appointed to inquire into certain matters connected with the Pó Léung Kuk, at its first meeting which has not yet been definitely fixed.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

J. J. FRANCIS, Esq., Q.C.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

SIR,

35, QUEEN'S ROAD, HONGKONG, 10th May, 1892.

We have the honour to inform you that we have been instructed by the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk to represent them and instruct Counsel on behalf of the Society at an enquiry to be held with reference to certain charges made against the Society.

Will you favour us with a copy of the letter of instructions, or the Commission issued or given to the Committee, or with such extracts from it as may be necessary to show us the full objects and power of the Committee of enquiry?

We will also thank you to let us know the time and place where the Commissioners intend to meet.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servants,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman of the Commission,

&c., &c., &c.

WOTTON & DEACON.

"

SIR,

[iii]

Appendix 3.

HONGKONG, 13th May, 1892.

With reference to your letter No. 736 of the 28th ult., I have the honour to inform you that all the members of the Committee appointed to inquire into certain points connected with the Pó Léung Kuk met yesterday when a question arose as to whether they have been appointed members of a Special Committee of the Legislative Council, or of a Committee which, though it happens to be entirely composed of members of the Legislative Council, is not a Committee of that Council.

2. As Special Committees of the Legislative Council have to be chosen by the members of that Council, and as the present Committee has been appointed by His Excellency the Governor, it. would appear that we are not members of a Special Committee of the Legislative Council, but, on behalf of the members of the Committee, I beg to be definitely informed what the status of the Committee really is, and, when that has been decided, whether such status confers upon the Committee the power of compelling the attendance of witnesses and renders it necessary to allow Counsel for the Pó Léung Kuk, the representatives of the Press, and the general public to be present at its meetings.

3. The members of the Committee desire to be allowed the services of a Secretary, and I would suggest that, if it is decided that the Committee is not a Special Committee of the Legislative Council and that Mr. THOMSON is not bound to attend the meetings of the Committee in his capacity as Clerk of Councils, he be requested to act as Secretary. 4. The Committee also desires to employ a short-hand writer and has requested me to apply for authority to engage one, to the granting of which I presume there will be no objection.

I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

No. 868.

SIR,

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 14th May, 1892.

I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th instant, and to inform you in reply that your Committee is not a Special Committee of the Legislative Council; that it has no power to compel witnesses to attend; and that the questions of allowing Counsel to appear, and the admission of the public, and representatives of the Press, are matters that should be decided in the Committee.

I am to add that you may engage the services of a short-hand writer and a Secretary, but that Mr. THOMSON is unable to undertake the duties of the latter post.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman of the Committee of Enquiry on the

Pó Léung Kuk.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

?

Colonial Secretary.

SIR,

[iv]

Appendix 4.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 28th April, 1892.

I am directed to inform you that His Excellency the Governor has been pleased to appoint you to be a member of a Special Committee consisting of the Honourable Acting Colonial Treasurer, Honourable C. P. CHATER, Honourable Ho KAI, and yourself, with the Honourable Registrar-General as Chairman, for the purpose of investigating and reporting on certain points in connection with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk presently before the Legislative Council.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.

. HONGKONG, 29th April, 1892.

SIR,

I have the honour to acknowledge receipt to-day of your letter dated yesterday. Will you permit me to point out, for the consideration of His Excellency the Governor, that a Commission presided over by the Honourable the Registrar-General will not be considered satisfactory by the public.

Mr. STEWART LOCKHART is officially the mouth-piece and representative of the Pó Léung Kuk, and the mover as well as the strong advocate, of the proposed Bill. On his report and recommendation the new Ordinance was brought forward.

Furthermore, one of the points to be enquired into by the Commission, as per your letter to the Registrar-General No. 736 of yesterday, paragraph 4, is to ascertain whether any portion of the monies ($30,000) subscribed in support of the Pó Léung Kuk Society has not been absolutely and entirely subscribed voluntarily.

The Registrar-General being personally concerned in this matter, it having been suggested that his official influence was brought to bear on certain subscribers, it is surely not advisable that he should be asked to preside over the Commission.

Under these circumstances I would suggest that either the Honourable Colonial Secretary or the Acting Chief Justice be appointed Chairman of the Commission.

I have shewn this letter to the Honourable Mr. C. P. CHATER, and I am authorised to say he concurs herein.

I have the honour to be,

Sir.

Your most obedient Servant.

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

Τ

[v]

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 3rd May, 1892.

SIR,

Your letter of 29th ultimo suggesting that the appointment of the Registrar- General as Chairman of the Committee appointed to enquire into, and report on, certain questions connected with the Bill before the Council for the incorporation of the Pó - Léung Kuk be cancelled, and another Chairman appointed in his stead, has been laid by me before the Governor.

2. His Excellency has read your letter with some surprise, and he directs me to acquaint you in reply that he is unable to adopt your suggestion.

3. The Registrar-General is of all persons in the Colony the one who is the most interested in securing a free, full, and impartial enquiry into the allegations that have been made against the Pó Léung Kuk. He is also the one who from his official experience is the most capable of assisting and directing such an enquiry; and for these and other reasons he is obviously marked out as the most suitable person for appointment as Chairman of the enquiry.

4. The Governor is unwilling to believe that the proceedings of a Committee consisting of the gentlemen who have been appointed to serve on it, and presided over by the Registrar-General, will fail to command the confidence of the local public; but even if this should unfortunately prove to be the case, His Excellency would still feel it to be his duty to take other considerations also into account, and in view of these considerations would not see fit to alter the constitution of the Committee which has been appointed after due deliberation.

5. As regards the suggestion thrown out in the fifth paragraph of your letter, His Excellency desires to say nothing beyond expressing his regret that you should have allowed yourself to give currency to it, and adding that he is sure that on further reflection you will yourself share his regret.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

། :

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

SIR,

Colonial Secretary.

HONGKONG, 7th May, 1892.

I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter No. 772 of the 3rd instant, in which

you

inform me that His Excellency has read, with some surprise, my letter of the 29th April last, suggesting the removal of the Registrar-General from the post of Chairman of the Committee appointed to consider and report on the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk, and that His Excellency is unable to adopt that suggestion for the reasons stated in your letter. These reasons are that the Registrar- General is the person most interested in securing a full, fair, and impartial enquiry into the charges against the Pó Léung Kuk, and at the same time the person whose official experience renders him the most capable of assisting and directing such an enquiry. You also hint at the existence of other reasons which would prevent His Excellency from altering the constitution of the Committee, even if he were satisfied that as at present constituted it would fail to command the confidence of the public.

[vi]

In the last paragraph of your letter you express His Excellency's regret, and his expectation that I will on reflection share in that regret, that I should have permitted myself to suggest as a reason for the Registrar-General's removal from the Chairmanship of the Committee, that he is charged with having used his official influence to obtain subscriptions for the Pó Léung Kuk.

To deal with this last question first, as perhaps the most important of the points raised by your reply, I have the honour to state for the information of His Excellency that after reflection, and after consultation with those best competent to advise me, I see no reason to regret that I pointedly called attention to what, in the absence of explanation or contradiction, I have reasonable grounds for believing to be true. I have been myself informed by more than one well-to-do Chinaman in this Colony that he would not have subscribed to the fund recently got up for the Pó Léung Kuk, but for the persuasion of the Registrar-General. I find this statement confirmed by the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk in their petition to the Registrar-General, enclosed in his report of the 1st February last.

The petitioners there say in paragraph 7, speaking of the subscription of $30,000, that it was owing to the Registrar-General's assistance that it was subscribed with so much good will. The Chinese who gave me the information above referred to (privately and in confidence) refused me permission to give their names.

Will you be so good as to explain to His Excellency that in repeating the statements made to me and putting them forward as a matter for enquiry I do not for a moment impute to the Registrar-General any unworthy or improper motive. I know him to be animated by the highest and best motives. Neither do I suggest that he used any influence whatever, that, if he had been dealing with Europeans, could have been designated as in the slightest degree improper, or as implying pressure. But I do entertain the opinion, and many others in the community agree with me, that any attempt at persuasion by a Government official, and especially by the Registrar-General, does in fact put pressure on the Chinese, even the best of them, and that it ought not to have been used, especially in this case, and that if it has been used in any form--if any Chinaman has because of the interposition in any form of the Registrar-General subscribed to the Pó Léung Kuk who would not have done so, or who refused to do, on the application of his fellow countrymen,-it deprives the subscription of the element of spontaneity of which so much is being made. It is a curious additional fact, if true, that the petition states that the subscription was got up by the Pó Léung Kuk only after they had been repeatedly urged by the Registrar-General to do so.

I am very decidedly of opinion that this seventh paragraph of the petition of the Pó Léung Kuk needs explanation, and that, if the statements in it are correct, their application for incorporation and for a money grant wears a very different aspect from that put before the Council.

Was it held out to the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk that if they raised so much money they would get a Government grant, or were they told that it was useless to ask for one until they had shown a greater interest in the cause by raising a subscription

If it is shown to the satisfaction of the Committee of Council and of the public that the action of the Chinese has been purely voluntary, and that they have not been urged on and assisted by the Registrar-General, no one will rejoice more than I shall, but again I must say that I do not think the Registrar-General should preside as Chairman over the Committee of Enquiry. His official position and experience undoubtedly render him most capable of assisting and directing such an enquiry, but the fact that he is the person most interested in securing a free, full, and impartial enquiry is the strongest possible argument against his presiding over the Committee entrusted with that duty. That he should be a member of the Committee, yes; the advocate on the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk, yes. He is the person who advised and urged the Pó Léung Kuk to move in the matter, who helps them to get together their fund, who receives, forwards, and recommends with all his power their petition, who frames the Bill, and proposes it in Council. He is necessarily committed to certain views and opinions. It is not in

5

[vii]

human nature that he should not be biased in favour of them.

How can he act as Chairman of the Committee, direct a possibly hostile enquiry, question witnesses, resolve questions of procedure, hold the balance between contending opinions, determine by his vote as between two members opposed to the Bill and two members for it, how any disputed question is to be determined? I give the Honourable the Registrar-General every credit. I have the strongest belief in his honour and honesty, but it is not a position in which he or any other man should be placed.

I again ask His Excellency to reconsider the matter. I understand that it is difficult, the appointment having been made public, to alter the arrangement, but the difficulty is not insurmountable. If a Commission instead of a Committee of the Council were now appointed to consider and report on the whole question of the existence of the Pó Léung Kuk, there could arise no sound objection to its being otherwise constituted.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant.

T. H. WHITEHEAD,

SIR,

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 10th May, 1892.

I am directed by the Governor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 7th instant in which you disclaim all intention of imputing any impropriety of conduct to the Registrar-General, but reiterate your opinion that that officer ought not to preside over the Committee that has been appointed to enquire into certain allegations that have been made against the Pó Léung Kuk Society.

2. In the fifth paragraph of your letter of 29th ultimo you stated that the Registrar- General was personally interested in the matter-i.e., in the subject matter which had been referred to the Committee for enquiry and report—"it having been suggested that his official influence was brought to bear on certain subscribers." As you proceeded to urge this as a reason for cancelling his appointment as Chairman of the Committee, it was naturally, I might almost say necessarily assumed that you intended to imply that the Registrar-General had made some improper use of his official position, and that an enquiry into this impropriety on his part would fall within the scope of the Committee. His Excellency has great pleasure in accepting your disclaimer of any such intention.

3. The matter then stands as follows:--Certain allegations have been made against the Pó Leung Kuk Society, and they have been referred to a Committee for enquiry and report. Those allegations, or some of them, are of such a nature that, if they are proved, they may materially influence the views of the Government in regard to the Bill now before the Legislative Council for the incorporation of the Society. The suggestion above mentioned is not one of those allegations, and it has not been referred to the Committee. Further, the "suggestion as now explained in your letter under acknowledgment does not appear to His Excellency to have any bearing on the question whether the Bill before the Council should or should not be passed. Assuming, as is highly probable, though I have no direct information on the point, that the Registrar- General has long been of opinion that for various reasons it was desirable that funds should be subscribed for the purposes of the Society, and that he has expressed his opinion to others, that would not in His Excellency's opinion afford any reason why the Bill should not be passed.

[viii]

4. You admit that the Registrar-General is very competent to usefully assist in the enquiry, but you question his competency to direct it impartially, inasmuch as apart from the suggestion referred to above he is an "interested" party. In this you are under a misapprehension, and you clearly have misapprehended the bearing of the remark in the 3rd paragraph of my letter of 3rd instant that the Registrar-General is of all persons in the Colony the one who is the most interested in securing a free, full, and impartial enquiry into the allegations which have been made against the Society. His interest in the Society is notorious, he must of course be aware that the allegations against it point to the existence of abuses which must be most prejudicial to its usefulness and for which, if they exist, a remedy is imperatively required for the sake of the Society itself; and in proportion to his interest in its welfare must be his anxiety that the enquiry shall be so conducted as to place its freeness, fullness, and impartiality beyond any room for doubt or cavil.

-

5. Under these circumstances His Excellency is unable to adopt your suggestion that the appointment of the Registrar-General as Chairman of the Committee should be cancelled, or that a Commission with some one else as President should be substituted for the Committee which has been appointed.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD, &c., &c., &c.

SIR,

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

HONGKONG, 13th May, 1892.

I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter No. 824 of the 10th instant which came to my hand rather late on the 11th. I note that His Excellency is unable to adopt my suggestion for the removal of the Honourable the Registrar-General from the Chairmanship of the Committee appointed to enquire into and report on the Bill now before the Council for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk. I have therefore nothing further to urge on that point. I can only express my great regret that I have troubled His Excellency to so little purpose.

I note further from your letter that it is not now an instruction to the Committee to enquire as to the truth or otherwise of the suggestion that the official influence of the Registrar-General was brought to bear on certain subscribers to the subscription in aid of the Pó Léung Kuk, and that even if it were true that such influence had been brought to bear it would not afford any reason in His Excellency's opinion for rejecting the Bill.

I desire to remind you that in the Legislative Council on 25th ultimo, His Excellency the Governor when referring to certain charges which had been preferred against the operations of the Pó Léung Kuk Society specially mentioned the one in question, and is reported to have said—" Another is that the $30,000--which is mentioned by the Registrar- "General as the amount of the subscription gathered in aid of the Society-of that amount a certain portion has been obtained by means which could hardly be called "justifiable. I think as such very grave charges are hanging over this Society, a "Society which has done very good work, it would be the wish of the members themselves "that the matter should be thoroughly enquired into. If these statements are proved "it will be a very serious matter, and if they are disproved the hands of the Government "and the hands of the Pó Léung Kuk Society will, I think, be immensely strengthened."

Y

1

[ix]

His Excellency is further reported to have then said "I therefore propose, if the "Council does not see any objection, that we defer consideration of this Bill in the "meantime, and under the standing orders, that it be referred at this stage to a special "commission, consisting of the Registrar-General, Dr. Ho KAI, Mr. CHATER, Mr.

WHITEHEAD, and the Acting Colonial Treasurer, for consideration and report."

66

In the instructions circulated to the Committee in your letter to the Registrar- General dated 28th ultimo, this point was included, and I hope that it will not now be withdrawn.

Without wishing to enter into any controversy on the point will you permit me to again state that it still seems to me to be a proper question for the Committee to enquire into.

The Pó Leung Kuk are asking for a grant, a large grant of public money on the ground that they have raised a still larger sum by public voluntary subscription from the Chinese community for the purposes of the Society, that the amount raised is insufficient for the needs of the work, and that this voluntary effort on their part ought to be met by a corresponding liberality on the part of the Government. The suggestion is that this has not been altogether a voluntary subscription got up by the Chinese among the Chinese for a purely charitable purpose and which ought to be met in the same spirit by the Government and by the general public, but is in part at least an officially suggested subscription, got up with a view to the present application. Surely it is a question for the Committee whether there is any truth in that suggestion, and equally. if there is it will afford a good reason for refusing the Bill or will help towards that end.

The preamble to the Bill and all the statements in it are, I conceive, the proper subject of the enquiry.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 14th May, 1892.

SIR,

I am directed by the Governor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 13th instant and to acquaint you in reply that His Excellency has nothing to add to the observations contained in my letter of 10th instant beyond stating that he cannot see any incompatibility between those observations and your quotations from his address to the Legislative Council, and that the instructions, to which you refer, to the Committee of enquiry have not been altered.

I have the honour to be,

*

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Colonial Secretary.

[ x ]

Appendix 5.

SIR,

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 28th May, 1892.

With reference to your letter No. 736 of the 28th ultimo, I have the honour, on behalf of the Members of the Committee appointed to inquire into certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk, to request that you will kindly furnish them with the name of the Member of the Police Force, who has suggested that the runners of the Society are disreputable and squeeze, as all the Members of the Committee say they do not know who the person in question is.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

Chairman.

No. 972.

SIR,

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 31st May, 1892.

In reply to your letter of the 28th instant, I am directed to acquaint you for the information of the Committee that I am not in a position to state the name of the member of the Police Force who is responsible for the suggestion to which you refer.

I have the honour to be,

The Chairman of the Committee

on the Pó Léung Kuk,

&c. &c., &c.

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

[xi]

Appendix 6.

RETURN showing the number of Kidnapping Cases brought AT THE INSTIGATION OF THE PÓ LÉung Kuk under the Women and Girls' Ordinance 11 of 1890, from the 1st January, 1891, to 31st May, 1892, in which there were convictions.

Date.

Name of defendants.

Offence.

How disposed of.

Police Court Case Nos.

1891.

12th April. Cheung T'sung-ling,

30th

P'ún I,.

8th June. Wong Tak,

20th July.

*

Chung Ü,

10th Aug. | Ng Kí,

29th

Ch'an Kan,

....

Bringing 2 Women into the Colony

for the purpose of Prostitution.

Bringing Leung Chan into the

9 Montlis hard labour.

No. 4,671.

1 Month

Colony for the purpose of Emi-hard labour. gration.

Bringing Pat Ngan into the Colony for the purpose of Emigration.

Unlawfully detaining 3 Women for

the purpose of Prostitution.

Bringing Li Shing-ying into the Colony by fraudulent means.

Unlawfully taking away Wong Tsoi with intent to deprive her pa- rents of the lawful possession.

12th Sept. Li Tung-Shing, Ho T'soi- Bringing Liu Lin-kam and Tsui

kam,

8th Oct.

Lau Pan,.

19th

Li Yau,

29

27th

""

Ip Lau,

1892.

7th Mar.

Ch'an Ch'un-hi,

25th

39

Sz into the Colony for the pur- pose of Prostitution and tak- ing part in the sale of the said 2 Women.

Buying Mok Fún for the purpose of

Prostitution.

Receiving and harbouring Lam Sz- mui knowing that she had been sold for the purpose of Prosti- tution.

Bringing Siu In-lán into the Colony by fraudulent means for the purpose of Prostitution.

Knowingly receiving and harbour- ing Tang Hó for the purpose of Prostitution.

6 Months hard labour.

4 Years hard labour.

6 Months hard labour.

6 Months hard labour.

6 Months hard labour.

No. 6,030.

Criminal Sessions.

No. 9,172.

No. 10,039.

No. 10,839 No. 10,840.

6 Months hard labour.

No. 12,015.

No. 12,369.

3 Months hard labour.

6 Months hard labour.

No. 12,969.

6 Months hard labour.

No. 2,923.

No. 3,678 No. 3,679.

6 Months

Tsui Hó, Ng On, ......... Bringing Só Mui into the Colony

for the purpose of selling her hard labour. for the purpose of Prostitu- tion.

1st April. Sün Hó,

1st

Ch'an Yung,

""

7th

Ng I-mui,

25th May. Ip Sau-hing,

7

Stealing Wong Kam-hó 12 and try-

ing to sell her.

Bringing Wong T'soi into the Colony for the purpose of selling her for the purpose of Prosti- tution.

1 Year hard labour.

No. 3,954.

1 Year

No. 3,955.

hard labour.

1 Year

Taking part in selling Ch'an Cheung

for the purpose of Prostitu- hard labour.

tion.

Bringing Wong Tsoi-fún into the Colony by fraudulent Means for the purpose of Emigration.

No. 4,152.

9 Months hard labour.

No. 6,044.

* Chung U was an ex Pó Léung Kuk detective, who had been dismissed from the Service of the Society.

Summary of six

[xii]

Appendix 7.

of six cases, illustrating the working of the Pó Léung Kuk.

I forward herewith for the information of the members of the Committee a summary of six cases, which have come under my notice within the last few days and which fairly well illustrate the usefulness of the Pó Léung Kuk and the manner in which it co-operates with this Department. If members of the Committee can find time to call here before our next meeting, I shall be pleased to show them the records of this Department connected with the Pó Léung Kuk and to give them any other information they may desire.

HONGKONG, 4th June, 1892.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

Case No. 1.

A woman CH'AN LUK sentenced to imprisonment for kidnapping, had a child in arms, which she could not nurse. The Convents were willing to take the child, but refused to undertake to hand it back to the woman when discharged from prison. The child was accordingly sent to the Pó Léung Kuk and a nurse provided for it.

Case No. 2.

A girl named NG YUK, who appeared at the Emigration Office, and stated she was going to Singapore to be a prostitute, was detained, as on being questioned she was unable to give satisfactory answers, and sent by order of the Registrar General to the Pó Léung Kuk, with a request that the Committee would inquire into her case. The Committee did so and ascertained that the woman was not going to be a prostitute, that she had said she was, because she thought she would be passed more easily by the Emigration Officer, that she was a married woman, that her husband wished to take her to Singapore, and that the statements made by husband and wife agreed. A copy of the girl's statement was taken down and forwarded to the Registrar General, who handed the woman over to her husband.

Case No. 3.

A girl CH'AN CHUN Ho, aged 19, was detained at the examination before the Emigration Officer of female emigrants, brought to this office, and sent to Pó Léung Kuk to be cared for pending further enquiries. The Committee reported that the girl wished to be married and that a respectable man was willing to secure the person whom the girl wished to marry. The parties appeared before the Registrar General, who questioned the girl and having ascertained she wished to marry the man in question, and having made enquiries regarding the surety, approved of the marriage. A bond was accordingly entered into by the person about to marry the girl and by the surety, the conditions of the bond being that the person about to marry the girl will properly care for her, will not ill treat, nor sell, nor make a prostitute of her nor allow her to enter any brothel. Before the marriage takes place, the documents usual in Chinese marriages will be presented and recorded in the Registrar General's Office.

Case No. 4.

An Annamese girl was found on board the S. S. Cicero, and sent by the Captain Superintendent of Police to the Registrar General, who forwarded her to the Pó Léung Kuk with the request that a home might be found for her and enquiries made regarding her case. Inquiries were made by the Pó Léung Kuk accordingly and the girl's statement taken down and sent to the Registrar General who forwarded it to the Consul for France with a request that he would kindly take steps to send the girl back to Annam. The Consul replied by sending a passage ticket and a letter for the Captain of the Steamer by which the girl will be taken back.

Case No. 5.

LAU HI, a girl aged 19, was detained by the Registrar General, when applying to be registered as a prostitute as he had doubts regarding her freedom, and sent to the Pó Léung Kuk for inquiry and report. Through the exertions of the Committee the father of the girl was found and it was discovered that the girl had never been a prostitute before, but had been brought into this Colony for that purpose by an old As the father wished to take back his daughter to the country to have her married, she was handed over to him by the Registrar General under a bond taken under section 14 of Ordinance 11 of 1890, the condition of which is that the girl will be produced within 24 hours when required. The security in this case was Mr. LAU PIK T'ONG of the CHONG Woo, Silversmith Shop, Queen's Road Central.

woman.

[xiii]

Case No. 6.

In the year 1890, 17th November, a girl named Ho KAM YUK, aged 15, was found on board a steamer going to Sandakan, and brought before the Acting Registrar General to whom she stated that she did not wish to go to Sandakan. The girl was handed over under security to a woman LEUNG YAU and had to come to the Registrar General's Office every quarter. A few days ago a man came to this office and said he wished to marry Ho KAM YUK and take her to Singapore. The man was not known to this office, so the Pó Léung Kuk was requested to make inquiries, which was done, and a report received saying that there was no doubt regarding the bona fides of the man in question. The Registrar General accordingly approved of the marriage and the bond usual in such cases was duly signed, sealed, and delivered.

Appendix 8.

Case of Lau Ts'oi-lin.

5

As the accompanying case illustrates how the Pó Léung Kuk succeeds in detecting cases of kidnapping and bringing the kidnappers to justice, I circulate it herewith for the information of the members of the Committee. The facts of the case are briefly as follows:-On the morning of the 9th instant, a Pó Léung Kuk detective was at the Canton wharf awaiting the arrival of the night steamer from Canton. After the steamer had arrived he saw a woman and a girl land, and, his suspicions being roused with regard to them, he asked the woman who the girl was, to which the woman replied that the girl's mother had requested her to take her daughter to Annam to meet her husband. The detective, then, questioned the girl, and as she did not speak the same dialect as the woman and was in a great fright and did not want to go with the woman, he took the woman and the girl to the Pó Léung Kuk, and they were sent from there to the Registrar General. The Registrar General questioned the girl, who made the following

statement:-

'I am aged 16. I am a native of Kwong Sai, Kwai Lam. My father is dead. 'My mother is alive. She is very poor and lives in Kwai Lam. She "sold me.

I do not know for how much. I was married to a man who “is in Annam. His name is WONG TSOI. He sent for me to go to "Annam. The woman outside brought me to Hongkong. She lived "next door to me. She was going to take me to Annam to my husband. "I have ten cents. I have no other money. My husband will pay my expenses when I get to him. The woman outside is going to pay for She will pay my passage money which will cost 50 taels. The "woman told me it would require 50 taels to get me to Annam."

"L

"me.

The statement made by the girl seemed to indicate clearly that she had been brought into the Colony under false pretences for the purposes of emigration, so the Registrar General gave directions to have the woman charged before the Magistrate and the girl placed temporarily under the care of the Pó Léung Kuk. The case was tried by Mr. WODEHOUSE, on the 10th June. A copy of the minutes of proceedings is attached, from which it will be seen that it came out in evidence that the girl had been purchased for $250 by the defendant, who is a keeper of a brothel in Annam, and was being taken to that country for the purposes of prostitution. The defendant was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment with hard labour.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

HONGKONG, 13th June, 1892.

[xiv]/

IN THE POLICE COURT AT VICTORIA IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.

MINUTES OF PROCEEDING.

Reg. on Complaint of Inspector JOHN LEE, Complainant.

Vs.

LI SUN HI, Defendant.

Charge.-Fraudulently bringing into the Colony one LAU CHOI LIN for the purpose of Emigration on the

9th instant, at Victoria in this Colony.

LAU CHOI LIN declared and states:-I am sixteen years of age, and am unmarried. I am a native of Kwong Sai and live with my aunt in Kwong Sai. I have no father or mother. About a month ago, a man decoyed me from my native place and sold me to the defendant, who is keeper of a brothel in Annam. Two days ago, the defendant brought me down to Hongkong with the intention of taking me to Annam to be a prostitute. She told me so when she bought me. She gave two hundred and fifty dollars for me. I wish now to marry some one in Hongkong. I have no friends in the Colony.

No question.

MOK CHI declared and states:-I am detective to the Pó Léung Kuk. On the 9th June, at 1 A.M., I was at the wharf when the S. S. Pasig arrived from Canton. I saw the defendant and complainant come from the steamer. I asked the defendant who the girl was. She said "the girl's mother has told me to take her to Annam to meet her husband," I asked the girl. She did not speak the same dialect as the defendant. She also appeared in a great fright. She said she did not want to go with the defendant. I arrested the defendant.

No question.

Defendant made no defence, nine months with hard labour.

H. E. WODEHOUSE.

Appendix 9.

Another case which came before the Police Magistrate to-day, in which the defendant was sentenced to one year's imprisonment with hard labour, is circulated for the information of the members of Committee.

Yesterday, one of the detectives of the Pó Léung Kuk informed the Registrar General that two girls had been brought into the Colony to be sold and were in a house in Wellington Street: On receipt of this information the Registrar General issued to Inspector JOHN LEE an order to search the house in question and remove therefrom any woman or girls liable to be dealt with under the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance No. 11 of 1890. In accordance with this order, Inspector LEE searched the house in question and found there a woman and two girls, whom he brought before the Registrar General. The Registrar General questioned the two girls and, being satisfied from their statements, that the woman in whose custody they were found was liable to be dealt with under the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, instructed Inspector LEE to charge the woman at the Magistracy and to remove the girls in the meantime to the Pó Léung Kuk. These instructions were duly carried out, and the case came on for hearing this morning, when the defendant was found guilty and sentenced to one year's imprisonment with hard labour. The girls have been removed to the Pó Léung Kuk where they will remain until proper provision can be made for the protection of their interests and liberty.

HONGKONG, 15th June, 1892.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

.

[ xv ]

Appendix 10.

SANITARY BOARD ROOM,

HONGKONG 14th June, 1892.

SIR,

In furtherance of your request, made a few days ago, that I should inspect the two rooms in the Tung Wa Hospital Building, which are said to be mainly occupied by young girls under the protection of the Pó Léung Kuk Society, and give you my opinion as to the suitability of these rooms, from a sanitary point of view, for the purpose for which they are being used, I have to inform you that I was able to inspect the rooms in question this morning.

I am clearly of opinion that the rooms are unsuitable for the housing of healthy young girls, inasmuch as they are in direct communication with the two wards below, where men are lying ill from various diseases some of which are, or at any time may be, of a communicable character. Therefore, apart altogether from the maxim that it is unwise to house healthy persons, more especially the young, with sick persons, there is here a very considerable risk that the girls placed in these rooms for their good may at any time be infected with disease from the wards below and have their lives thereby endangered.

I am, Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Sanitary Superintendent.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

No. 1187

Registrar General.

Appendix 11.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 27th June, 1892.

SIR,

I am directed to transmit to you, for the information of the Committee of enquiry into the affairs of the Pó Léung Kuk, a short précis of the history of the Home for Girls.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable,

THE REGISTRAR GENERAL,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Colonial Secretary.

Précis of correspondence re Home for Girls.

The Pó Léung Kuk, which came into existence in 1880, had no Home of its own. A portion of the Chinese Recreation Ground was granted to the society early in its career, but this grant was subsequently cancelled by order of the Secretary of State. By permission of the Tung Wa Hospital management, the Pó Léung Kuk was allowed to

!

[xvi]

occupy part of the Tung Wa Hospital, where there were no arrangements for the separation of the older from the younger girls, and no attempt at education, and where the girls were, not unnaturally, cause of annoyance to the Tung Wa Hospital patients. Complaints were received from the Tung Wa Hospital on this subject, and a request made to have the girls moved to some more suitable place. This led to a suggestion being made by the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk and other influential Chinese that a Home should be erected by the Government and maintained by private charity.

Five Chinese houses were accordingly erected near St. Stephen's Church in accordance with plans which the Pó Léung Kuk Committee had seen, and which, it was understood, they approved. The houses consisted of 3 stories, the upper story being intended for a Home, and the two lower stories for shops and tenements.

The top story was so constructed as to provide accommodation for 20 women and 30 girls in 2 day rooms and 3 bed rooms.

The cost of building these houses was $8,000; the land on which they stand was valued at about $12,000.

There seems to have been some misunderstanding with regard to the rents to be derived from the lower floors, the Pó Léung Kuk Committee thinking that they were to go towards the maintenance of the Home, while the Government decided that they were to be paid into the Treasury.

When the buildings had been completed the Pó Léung Kuk objected to move into them, because they considered them unsuitable and because, having no funds available for their maintenance, they did not wish to sever their connection with the Tung Wa Hospital, which had hitherto supplied the society with a Home and funds.

Appendix 12.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 17th June, 1892.

SIR,

On behalf of the Special Committee appointed to enquire into certain points connected with the Pó Leung Kuk, I have the honour to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of the 14th instant, containing a report on the suitability, from a sanitary point of view, of the rooms in the Tung Wa Hospital in which women and girls under the protection of the Pó Léung Kuk Society are housed, and I am to ask if

you

will kindly furnish the Committee with a similar report on the houses near the Tung Wa Hospital, built by Government, the top-floors of which were intended for a Home for Girls.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

H. MCCALLUM, Esq.,

Sanitary Superintendent.

[xvii]

SIR,

SANITARY BOARD ROOM, HONGKONG, 22nd June, 1892.

Adverting to your letter of the 17th instant, I have to inform you that I have this day inspected the upper floors of the five houses in New Street, near to the Tung Wa Hospital, which I understand were intended for a Home for girls. There are really two sets of rooms, one set comprising three of the five floors, the other two. Each room or floor with its attached kitchen is the complete upper floor of the house it forms a part of. Apart from the kitchen, none of the rooms or floors has any place where closet accommodation can be provided for the people who may be occupying these floors.

I am of the opinion that, so far as the rooms are concerned, they are in a fair sanitary condition and suitable for bed-rooms, but, if they are viewed as complete dwellings, then the mere fact that there is no closet accommodation and that the kitchens are the only places where such accommodation can be provided is a grave sanitary defect. So far as I could see water is not laid on to these floors, and, as the stairs giving access to them are very steep, this must be viewed as a sanitary defect of importance, for the carrying of a fair supply of water up these stairs for the number of persons the rooms can accommodate would be a considerable undertaking.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Registrar General.

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Sanitary Superintendent.

Appendix 13.

HONGKONG, 30th June, 1892.

SIR,

We have the honour to state for the information of the Committee appointed to enquire into certain points connected with the Pó Léung Kuk that we were present at the last meeting of the Committee in accordance with your request to attend, but were not called upon to give any information. Since that meeting, a memorandum has been drawn up by the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk, which embodies their views on the subject of the Society, and explains fully its working, and which, we understand, will be forwarded for the information of the members of the Committee in a day or two. We have read the memorandum, and as we entirely agree with it, we do not think it will be necessary for us to appear again before the Committee. But, if after receipt of the memorandum, the Committee should desire to question us on any of the points contained in it, we shall be happy to give any further information we possess and the Committee wishes to obtain.

Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Chairman, Pó Leung Kuk Committee of Inquiry.

Your most obedient Servants,

LAU WAI CHUEN.

LEUNG PUI CHI.

[ xviii]

Appendix 14.

HONGKONG 30th June, 1892.

The Committee appointed to enquire into certain points connected

with the Pó Léung Kuk.

SIRS,

As some of you may not be thoroughly acquainted with the working of the Chinese Society for the Protection of Women and Children, we, the Committee of that Society for the present year, venture to ask you to read the following memorandum.

The Society owes its origin to the fact of the late Sir JOHN SMALE having, when passing sentence in a certain kidnapping case in the Supreme Court in the year 1878, called the attention of the public to the evil practice, then existing, of kidnapping, and of buying and selling women and children as if they were commodities, and impressed upon the community the necessity of taking steps to put a stop thereto. The Chinese residents were so deeply moved by His Lordship's remarks that a numerously signed memorial was got up under the auspices of Mr. FUNG MING SHAN and others, and presented to the then Governor Sir JOHN POPE HENNESSY now deceased, in which they asked permission to form an association for the purpose of assisting the Government in the suppression of the crime of kidnapping and kindred offences, and in the restoration of the kidnapped to their relatives. This memorial was duly forwarded to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and His Lordship was not only pleased to give the memorialists permission to form the proposed association, but also to direct that the rules and organisation of the association should be made known and approved by the local Government with a view to the Society being officially recognised. The notice of the formation of the association and its rules were published in the Government Gazette, Notification No. 318 of 1882, to which we would respectfully crave a reference. As the Society had no place of its own, the Committee of the Tung Wa Hospital kindly placed at its disposal a portion of the hospital premises for the temporary accommodation of the destitute women and girls, and provided them with food out of the funds of the Hospital. This hospitality on the part of the management of the Tung Wa Hospital, though it was originally intended to be temporary, and though the Directors of the Hospital have frequently desired the Pó Léung Kuk to find a Home of its own, has been extended to the inmates of the Society up till now.

In order to give some idea of the amount of work done by the Society, we beg to refer to the return which appeared in your Chairman's report on the Society shewing that the number of persons entrusted to the care of the Society during the last 4 years amounted to 2751. The figures contained in that return show that the work of the Society is increasing, and that it has never been greater than since the present Committee entered on office. In order to secure properly the welfare of one individual no small amount of time and labour is requisite. An increase in the numbers saved naturally entails additional labour and time on the Committee, who have spent many hours each day in connection with the work of the Society.

It may not be out of place to give the personnel of the Society and to describe our mode of procedure in conducting its business. The Committee of the Society consists of eight members, who are selected annually. The Society employs 2 clerks, 2 detectives, and 3 messengers.

Before any steamers or other vessels leave the Colony, the detectives have to go on board and sce that no woman or girl is taken away against her will. Formerly, they used to board such vessels by themselves, but since the passing of the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, they have been accompanied by a European Inspector of Police,

[ xix]

acting under the authority conferred on the Registrar General by the said Ordinance, and the present system seems to be more satisfactory. The Committee have been fully alive to the temptations to which Chinese detectives, as a class, are liable, and have, from time to time, dispensed with the services of the detectives though they have never been able to obtain proof of any case of extortion on the part of their employés. The follow- ing is a list of the ex-detectives of the Society together with their period of service and cause of leaving the service of the Society:-

Name.

Date of joining the service.

WONG MAN IU,... May-June 1881.

Date of leaving the service.

August to September 1884. Resigned.

November 1884.

September-October 1886.

MOK KAI,

Do.

WONG IU,

March 1884.

MA MUN,

FUNG SHAN,

CHUNG Ü,

November 1886.

September 1886.

April 1887.

October 1887.

At end of three months, period for which

he was engaged.

March 1889.

November-Dec. 1888.

10th April 1892.

Reason.

Dismissed for neglect of

duty. Dismissed.

Dismissed.

Dismissed.

AU PUN,.

Returned to duty as district watchman.

About the beginning of this year, the question of detectives was discussed with the Registrar General, and it was agreed that, in order to prevent abuses, the detectives should be changed as frequently as possible, and it was thought that might be done by borrowing the services of District Watchmen, who would be paid by the Society, and who could be employed for short periods, at the end of which they could be sent back to their regular duty in the District Watchmen Force. Both the present detectives Mok CHI and KWONG CHEUNG belong to the District Watchmen Force. The former has been employed in the work of the Society since November 1888, and his services have been retained on account of the good work he has done, and of the great number of convictions he has obtained in kidnapping cases. The records of these cases can be found among the Magistracy archives. The latter has been employed by the Society for 2 months. He has performed his duties well. It is intended that he should come under the short service system described above, and be sent back to duty in the District Watchmen Force ere long. Though one of the rules approved by the Secretary of State expressly states that detectives and other constables may be placed at the service of the Society by the Governor, that rule has never been put in practice, the Society having always employed and paid for its own detectives. It will be seen, therefore, that we have tried, so far as we have been able, to increase the efficiency of the Society, and, at the same time, have also endeavoured to prevent abuses arising.

The Society meets in a building opposite the Tung Wa Hospital, which has been kindly placed at the disposal of the Society by the Directors of that Institution. That building is open to any respectable visitor at all times. It is in that building that we have our meetings and hold our inquiries. At such inquiries, it is necessary that at least two of the Committee should be present, and all reports of such inquiries must be signed by two of the members of the Committee-a rule introduced by your Chairman as Registrar General several years ago. As a matter of fact, there are generally more than two present, though the work of the Society, for which all the members of the Committee are responsible, generally falls upon a few of the most active members--a state of things which, we understand, is not uncommon among similar societies in other countries. No woman or girl ever comes under the protection of the Society without the authorities being acquainted with the fact. Every woman or girl is brought before the Registrar General before being entrusted to the care of our Society. On rare occasions, girls are sent to us direct by the Police authorities, though, as a general rule, such girls also go to the Registrar General in the first instance, and are sent by him to the Society.

[xx]

The idea of Under these

An illustration will perhaps show more clearly how the Society carries on its works. Supposing the detectives of the Pó Leung Kuk have ascertained that there is a woman or girl in the Colony liable to be dealt with under the Women and Girls' Pro- tection Ordinance, they have, in the first instance, to communicate their information to the Committee, who, in their turn, report to the Registrar General. If that officer is satisfied with the information, he issues an order to a European Inspector of Police to enter the house where the girl may be, and remove therefrom any person liable to be dealt with under the Ordinance. As a rule, when a girl is brought before the Registrar General, she will not tell her true story. She has either been coached as to what to say or she has been so long under duress that she is afraid to speak the truth. her being a free agent is so novel to her that she can hardly realize it. circumstances, it is not surprising that it requires time to elicit the truth. The girl is detained by the Registrar General, and entrusted to the care of the Society. The Committee, who are her countrymen, are able to ascertain the truth with regard to her more easily than could be otherwise done. They find out where her relations are in China through one of the various charitable societies in China or through inquiries among Chinese from the same district or village from which she comes, and arrange for them to come to Hongkong to take back the girl, but not without the sanction of the Registrar General, who is invariably consulted; or, if the girl is friendless, arrangements are made for her adoption or marriage after consultation with the Registrar General, in whose presence a bond is entered into by respectable persons recommended by the Committee and approved by the Registrar General. If the relations of the girl are too poor to pay for her passage, the Society defrays the cost of it. And this brings us to the financial position of the Society.

During the first two years, viz., Mo Yan and Ki Mau years (1878 and 1879), the expenses of the Society other than the cost of providing its inmates with food were borne and paid out of the pockets of Mr. FUNG MING SHAN and other members of the first Committee of the Society, and so no books of account for these two years were kept. In the Kang Shan Year (1880), owing to the large increase in the work of the Society as well as in its expenditure, a meeting of the Chinese residents was held, when it was resolved that each member of the society should contribute the sum of $10 towards its funds. We enclose for your information a statement of the receipts and disbursements* for the twelve years from the 6th moon of the Kang Shan year (July-August 1880) to the 6th moon of the San Mau year (July-August 1891), from which you will observe that when we entered on office last year, we only had handed over to us the sum of $28.50, so that it was with great difficulty that we managed to keep the institution going. The question may be asked why the Chinese had been so backward in subscribing towards the Society if it did good work. For this, there are several reasons. One reason, which, for some time, prevented subscriptions coming in, was the resumption by the Government of the site in the Chinese Recreation Ground which had been granted. This caused a good deal of discontent. As a consequence, no one cared to endeavour to raise subscriptions among the Chinese Community. Another reason was that many of the Chinese considered that, as the Society was aiding the Government, it should receive assistance from the public revenue. But in answer to frequent appeals for Government aid, the Committee were told that before the Government could do any thing, the Chinese Community must first raise a subscription in aid of the Society. A still further reason' was that each succeeding Committee did not like to undertake a duty which their predecessors had avoided, even though the Committee of the Tung Wa Hospital wished the girls to be housed in some more suitable place, and though the Government, through the late Dr. STEWART when Registrar General, had frequently urged them to try to raise a subscription. When your Chairman returned to his post last year, he again urged the Committee to raise a subscription and though they felt disinclined to do so, in view of the depression existing in the Colony, and because they did not care to attempt what their

* See Appendix 15.

[xxi]

predecessors had not done, his words so encouraged them that they felt emboldened to undertake the task, in which they succeeded far beyond their anticipations. Had it not been for his kindly advice and assistance. no subscription would ever have been attempted. As it is well known, a sum of over $30,000 was raised. If the Chinese Community were formerly backward in subscribing towards the Society, they have now more than compensated for past omissions in this respect, and have enabled the Society to have a fund of its own, which, if aided by the Government, will be sufficient to relieve it from being a burden on the Tung Wa Hospital, which has so long maintained it. The Committee of the Hospital cannot be expected to do the work for ever, and, as a matter of fact, the accommodation which it has so charitably afforded the Society is not at all suitable. The girls have to live in the Hospital, and complaints have often been made of their disturbing the patients. Besides, the girls, having to live near the sick, run a risk of catching disease.

Having obtained funds, the Society is now in a different position from that which it occupied when it was dependent on the Tung Wa Hospital for the maintenance and housing of the girls entrusted to its care. For this reason and also because the constitution of the Society as laid down in the Rules approved by the Secretary of State has not proved itself best adapted to meet the objects for which the Society was formed, the Society desires that its position and status as laid down in those Rules should be altered so as to be in conformity with the form which the Society has gradually assumed, and which practice has proved to be the most effective for carrying on the work of the Society. That form is laid down in the draft Ordinance incorporating the Society. The main difference between that Ordinance and the present Rules of the Society is that in the former a responsible Government Officer is made President of the Society, whereas the Society has hitherto by its constitution been free from all official connection, though, as a matter of practice, it has acted in concert with the Registrar General. We consider it very desirable that the connection between the Government and the Society should be clearly laid down in an Ordinance, and that the Society should not, as at present, be able to act independently of the Government. If the Society is associated with the Government in the manner we propose, we feel sure that it will gain more confidence among the public, and kidnappers will be afraid of molesting the families of the Committee in the interior. Another difference between the present Rules and the Ordinance is the establishment of a permanent Committee. In practice, it has been found absolutely necessary to consult former members of Committee, whose experience and position entitle their opinion to greater weight than the Committee elected from year to year, who are often inexperienced and want guidance. We consider the creation of a permanent Committee of well known Chinese residents will not only inspire confidence among the public, but will also help to increase the efficiency of the Society.

Objections have been made in certain quarters to the secret manner in which the Society conducts its operations. From the very nature of the Society, the chief object of which is to aid the Government in detecting and suppressing the crime of kidnapping, it is necessary that its work, to a certain extent, should not be carried on too openly, or else it would defeat its own ends. But so far as the premises of the Society or its records or the girls entrusted to its care or the inquiries of the Committee are concerned, the Committee have nothing to hide, and have never attempted to act with secrecy. All their acts are known to the Government, and they have never objected to admit to their meetings or to the inspection of their premises, any respectable person whose object is not to spy out the land, but who wishes to see how their work is carried on or to give a helping hand in the rescue of poor women and girls saved from a fate almost worse than death.

In conclusion we hope that you will see your way to aiding the Society by requesting the Government to place it on a more satisfactory footing, and to grant it a sum of money, so that a suitable Home may be built, and the girls no longer made to live in the centre

[xxii]

of a Hospital, where there is danger of infection to themselves, and where they are an inconvenience to the patients.

We have the honour to be,

Interpreted in the Chinese language by

HO FOOK,

Sirs,

Your most obedient servants,

陳璧泉

伍譚王

斗傑星星

卿東如

i. e. WAI LONG SHAN.

LAU WAN KAI.

TONG SING U. ·

劉芸階

WONG SING TUNG.

TAM KIT HING.

NG TAU SHAN.

CH'AN PIK TSÜN.

Justice of the Peace.

韋朗山

Appendix 15.

KANG SHAN YEAR.

Receipts.

Expenditure.

To Subscriptions from the Directors,......$ 880.00

*1

By deposits in the Shan On Bank, ......$ 800.00

Expenses of Detectives & Informers,

57.12

857.12

Balance in hand,................

22.28

$ 880.00

880.00

SAN TSZ YEAR.

To Subscriptions from the Directors,......$

50.00

By 2 Detectives' wages, 10 months,

.$ 400.00

??

Receipts from the former Emigration

">

Enquiry Society,

340.00

""

Subscriptions from the Lai Hing Firm,

100.00

1 Maid-servant's wages, 7 months,... Rewards for Informers, Clothes for

Destitutes and Sundries,

21.00

118.32

29

Interest from the Shan On Bank,

68.41

""

Balance brought forward from the

Kang Shan Year,

539.32

22.88

Balance in hand,...................

41.97

$ 581.29'

$ 581.29

YAM NG YEAR.

To Repayment of a deposit by the Shan

By 2 Detectives' wages,..

320.00

On Bank,

.$

300.00

39

1 Maid-servant's wages,

24.00

Interest from the Shan On Bank,

54.69

29

Lawyer's fee for making a Title

""

وو

Balance brought forward from the San

Tsz Year,

Deed paid through Fung Ming

41.97

Shan,

15.00

Rewards for Informers & Sundries,...

31.29

390.29

Balance in hand,...

6.37

$ 396.66

$ 396.66

To Re-payment of a Deposit by the Shan

[xxiii]

KWAI MI YEAR.

By 2 Detectives' Wages,

Rewards for Informers and Sundries,

On Bank,

.$

""

Interest from the Shan On Bank,

500.00 21.06

"

19

Balance brought forward from the

Yam Ng Year,

6.37

$ 527.43

.$ 240.00

25.93

Balance in hand,......................

$ 265.93 261.50

$ 527.43

KAP SHAN YEAR.

$1,000.00

By 2 Detectives' Wages,

99

50.00

Deposit in the Yik Lung Bank, Journey Expenses of Destitutes,

$ 124.67 1,000.00 36.03

To Government Grant,

Grant by the Registrar General of money forfeited by Lam So,......... Balance brought forward from the

Kwai Mi Year,

261.50

To Re-payment of Deposit by the Yik

Lung Bank,

""

19

Interest from the Yik Lung Bank, Charges for Meals supplied to Di-

rectors,

Balance brought forward from the

Kap Shan Year,.

Receipts.

To Balance handed over by the previous

Directors, Interest,

To Balance handed over by the previous

>>

""

Directors,

Interest, Contributions,

$1,311.50

$1,160.70

Balance in hand,....

105.80

$1,311.50

UT YAU YEAR.

By 2 Detectives' wages,

$ 171.00

.$1,000.00

"

Clothes for distressed persons,

7.40

79.58

Rewards for informers,

5.00

"

6.00

,, Passage for Destitutes and Sundry

Expenses,

75.21

150.80

259.61

Balance in hand,..................................

...་

976.77

$1,236.38

$1,236.38

PING SUT YEAR.

Expenditure.

By Passages for Destitutes, males and

$ 976.77

females to their houses,................................ .$

36.65

97.20

>>

Sundry Expenses,

13.70

""

Wages for Wong In Detective for

4 months,

60.00

""

Wages for Ma Mun Detective for

7 months,

105.00

215.35

Balance in hand,............

858.62

$1,073.97

$1,073.97

TING HOI YEAR.

.$ 858.62

66.72

10.00

935.34

By Passage for Destitutes, males and

ور

وو

females, Sundry Expenses,

.$

15.17

28.34

Wages for Ma Mun Detective for 15

months,

225.00

""

Wages for Fung Shang Detective

for 3 months,

36.00

""

Wages for Chun Yu Detective for

3 months,

24.00

328.51

Balance in hand,..................

606.83

935.34

To Balance handed over by the previous

99

Directors, Contributions,

[ xxiv]

MO TSZ YEAR.

By Passages for Destitutes, males and

females,

$

606.83 50.00

.$. 56.40

Hire of Jinrickshas and Boats in-

""

curred by the Detective,

19.47

Special Meals for the distressed

persons on festival days,

15.75

22

Sundry Expenses,

51.80

"

Six Whistles,..

6.00

""

Wages for Leung Lun Sang Acct.

10 months,

153.00

""

Wages for Cheung U, Detective for

10 months,

84.00

""

Wages for Male attendant Fung

Tsan, 9 months,

9.50

""

Wages for Female attendant for

5 months and 1 day,

15.10

""

656.83

Wages for Chung U, Detective, for the 7th moon of last year paid on behalf of the former Committee, Wages for Ma Mun for the 7th moon of last year paid on behalf of the former Committee,

KI CHAU YEAR.

8.00

15,00

434.02

Balance in hand,...................

222.81

656.83

Receipts.

To balance handed over by the previous

Expenditure.

By passage for Destitute males and fe-

directors

.$ 222.81

Contributions

80.00

29

males Hire of jinrickshas and boats and

97.58

"

Loan from the Tung Wa Hospital..... 1,000.00

passage money to Canton incurred by

Detectives

41.00

""

Special meals for the distressed persons

on festival days

11.80

Summer and winter clothes for dis-

""

tressed persons

26.89

*

Decoration and repairs (labour and

materials)

29.84

Ten whistles

7.50

"

5.65

$ 1,302.81

"

One furnace for detecting leprosy Additional articles bought on account of celebrating the Coronation and marriage of the Emperor of China and of setting up of certain goods together with other miscellaneous expenses

114.92

>>

200 printed copies of Return of dis-

tressed persons.....

41.00

>>

Wages of the accountant Leong Lun

Shang for 12 months

218.00

""

Wages of Detective Chung Ü9 months.

108.00

Wa

Vages of Detective Mok Chi 6 months.

64.67

Wages of Detective Au Pün...............

58.67

""

""

Wages of servant Tung Tsan 9 months. Wages of servant Wong Mün 10

months,

9.00

10.00

A

Wages of servant Li Lok 3 months...

3.00

""

Wages of an additional nurse

7.60

855.12

Balance in hand.......

447.69

$1,302.81

:

Receipts.

To balance handed over by the previous

"

Directors.....

Contributions from Directors

Loan from Man Mo Temple through

the Tung Wa Hospital .....

Receipts.

To Balance handed over by the previous

[XXV ]

KANG YAN YEAR.

$ 447.69

80.00

1,000.00

Expenditure.

By wages of Clerk Leong Lun Sang for 13

>>

months

1.00 10.00

.$ 260.00 wages of Detective Mok Chi for 13 months 156.00 ,, wages of Detective Au Pün for 13 months 156.00 ,, wages of Servant Wong Mun for 1 month ,, wages of Servant Li Lok for 10 months ,, wages of Servant Lum Mün for 12 months ,, wages of Servant Lam Hin for 3 months Sundry expense and additional furniture ,, passage for Destitutes, males and females hire of jinrickshas and boats incurred by

Detectives

""

دو

12.00

3.00 96.36

101.10

38.24

""

special meals for the distressed persons

on festival days...

10.72

Stationery

26.65

""

Decoration and repairs of the trans-

parent tiles, sunshades and gutters

(labour and materials)

49.97

""

200 printed copies of Return of dis-

tressed persons

Cotton Clothes for Si Yuk Tong, Canton

16.58

45.00

982.62

Balance in hand.....................

545.07

$ 1,527.69

1,527.69

SAN MAU YEAR.

Expenditure.

By Wages of Clerk Leung Lun Sang for

Directors,

$ 545.07

3 months,

..$

60.00

Contributions,..

80.00

""

""

Loan from Man Mo Temple through

Tung Wa Hospital,

Wages of Clerk Leung Chan Tung

for 1 month,

20.00

600.00

Wages of Clerk Pun Hok Ko for

8 months,

158.00

19

month,

Wages of assistant clerk Lau Yuk

Chi for

4.00

.99

Wages of assistant clerk Lo Ning

Shan for 2 months,

16.00

""

Wages of Detective Mok Chi for

12 months,

174.00

Wages of Detective Au Pun for

12 months,

174.00

Wages of Servant Hü Kan for

12

months,

16.50

"

Wages of Servant Lam Un for 9

months,

12.00

Wages of Servant Chan Po for 3

months,

3.00

Wa

99

Tages of Servant Ho Tsun for 2

months,

2.50

""

Hire of Jinrickshas and Boats incurred

by Detectives,

47.42

Sundry Expenses and additional fur-

niture,

229.73

"

Passage for Destitute males & females,

40.05

>>

Special Meals for the distressed

persons on festival days,

10.50

Cotton Clothes through Oil Yuk Tong,

Canton,

17.91

Whistles,

7.44

99

Decorations and Repair (labour and

materials),

31.66

Ground Nut Oil,

15.72

33

Kerosine Oil,

8.73

"

Stationery,

7.50

وو

Subscription Books,

61.91

""

Advertisement in Chinese papers for

raising funds,

28.00

""

200 printed copies of Return of dis-

tressed persons,

50.00

1,196.57

Balance in hand,..

28.50

$1,225.07

$1,225.07

[xxvi]

Appendix 16.

POLICE OFFICE, 1st July, 1892.

MY DEAR LOCKHART,

With reference to your enquiry as to what member of the Police Force stated to His Excellency that the Pó Léung Kuk runners were in the habit of "squeezing," I do not know who made such a statement to His Excellency."

Yours sincerely,

A. GORDON.

Appendix 17.

Translation.

HONGKONG, 18th July, 1892.

SIR,

We have the honour to have received your invitation requesting certain Members of the Committee of last year to attend a Meeting of the Pó Leung Kuk inquiry Committee, and have considered it at a meeting of the members of last year's Committee. The members of that Committee are unable to see what useful purpose can be served by their attendance, seeing that their Chairman, who represents their views, has already appeared before the Committee, and answered all questions put to him, and that the Committee have sent in a memorandum which sets forth in detail all they have to say on the subject of the society. If there be any points in that memorandum which are not clear, they may be informed of them, so that they may consider them, and answer them to the best of their ability.

We have the honour to be,

try to

Sir,

Your most obedient Servants,

伍斗山

HOR

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman, Pó Léung Kuk,

Inquiry Committee,

&C., &C.,

&c.

*BI

譚傑卿

陳璧

劉芸階

i. e. WAI LONG SHAN.

TAM KIT HING.

CH AN PIK TS‹ÜN.

LAU WAN KAI.

NG TAU SHAN.

WONG SING TUNG.

".

SIR,

[xxvii]

Appendix 18.

POLICE DEPARTMENT, CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 19th July, 1892.

I am instructed by Government that the confidential Report referred to in my examination before your Committee cannot be produced to the Committee, being confidential.

Inspector STANTON, however, can be examined by the Committee if desired.

I am, Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

A. GORDON,

Captain Superintendent of Police.

The Chairman, Pó Léung KuK COMMITTEE.

Appendix 19.

HONGKONG, 26th July, 1892.

GENTLEMEN,

With reference to your letter of the 18th instant, I have the honour, on behalf of the Committee appointed to inquire into certain points connected with the Pó Léung Kuk, to state that the Members of that Committee will be glad if you can see your way to alter your former decision, and if three of you will attend the next meeting of the Committee to be held in the Council Chamber on Thursday, the 28th instant, at 3 P.M.

I have the honour to be, Gentlemen,

Your obedient Servant,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

Chairman, Pó Léung Kuk Committee.

WAI LONG SHÁN, Esq.,

SIR,

And the other Members of last year's

Pó Léung Kuk Committee.

HONGKONG, 27th July, 1892.

We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday's date, requesting the presence of the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk at a meeting to be held in the Council Chamber on the 28th instant, at 3 P.M.

We most respectfully beg you will excuse our presence at such meeting and, in the event of the Committee appointed to inquire into certain points connected with the Pó Léung Kuk wanting any additional information to that already given by us, in writing, we will be happy to answer same to the best of our ability.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman, l'ó Leung Kuk Inquiry Committee,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

韋朗山

陳璧泉

伍斗山

劉芸階

譚傑

~

[xxviii]

Appendix 20.

SIR,

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, HONGKONG, 3rd August, 1892.

In reply to your letter of 2nd instant, inviting me to attend at 3 P.M. on 5th instant, a meeting of the Committee appointed to inquire into certain points connected with the Pó Léung Kuk, I have the honour to inform you that I shall be most happy to attend as requested, but, to save the Committee's time, I have drafted a memorandum embodying my views concerning the problems involved in this inquiry, as a basis for any questions

be put to me to answer orally.

that may

I beg to request you, therefore, that you will favour me by bringing the enclosed memorandum to the notice of the Committee, and if possible, before the meeting is held.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman, Committee of Pó Léung Kuk Inquiry.

E. J. EITEL.

MEMORANDUM

in re Pó Leung Kuk.

(1.) I have no personal or direct knowledge of the working of the Pó Léung Kuk since 1882.

(2.) But I have some indirect knowledge of the results of the Pó Leung Kuk's work in a certain direction. Before the Pó Léung Kuk was established, kidnapping (of girls especially) was so common and a matter of such everyday occurrence, that--

(a) in the local schools it was a common thing to see girls dressed in boys'

clothes.

(b) at the street corners, offers of reward posted up concerning lost girls were

a daily sight.

Since the establishment of the Pó Léung Kuk these symptoms of the rampancy of kidnapping have gradually disappeared and are now a rare sight.

(3.) Although post hoc is not always propter hoc, I am morally certain that the decrease which has taken place in the public dread of kidnapping and the increased sense of security is due to the effective working of the Pó Léung Kuk.

(4.) Kidnapping is one of several congenital diseases of the Chinese social organism. It cannot be extirpated. It can only be reduced to a certain minimum. These remarks apply not only to the people of China, but also to the Chinese population of Hongkong. Indeed more particularly so, because Hongkong is a centre of emigration, and kidnapping is the natural parasite that lives on every form of Chinese emigration as well as on the ordinary national practices of adoption of children (by purchase) and of the pledging, buying, and selling of children, concubines and wives.

(5.) Owing to the deep roots which the practice of kidnapping has in the peculiar domestic habits of the Chinese, and owing to the general ignorance of Europeans as to

+

2

[xxix]

those habits, and finally owing to the low character of the Chinese element of the Hongkong Police Force, I am decidedly of opinion,-

(a) that none but a Committee of respectable Chinese residents can effectively

and safely grapple with the shades of difference between kidnapping and selling, and cope with the tricks of Chinese kidnappers and Chinese anti-kidnapping detectives;

(b) that the local Police Force, including its Chinese and Detective contingents, could not possibly, either effectively or safely, repress Chinese kidnapping; (c) that an abolition of the present Pó Léung Kuk system and an attempt to do its work by means of some amendment of or addition to the Police Force organization would result not only in an overwhelming flood of kidnapping crimes, but exasperate and seriously alienate the mass of the Chinese population by indiscreet interference with Chinese family life (the privacy of which is quite as sacred a palladium to a Chinaman as the liberty of the subject to an Englishman), and introduce an additional source of corruption into the local Police system.

(6.) I have no doubt there are drawbacks connected with the system of the Pó Léung Kuk, and that, perhaps, the principal drawbacks are—

(a) ignorance on the part of a Chinese Committee of the elementary principles of English law, or rather adherence to the divergent principles of Chinese law and custom, and

(b) more particularly the temptations of bribery to which the detectives of the

Pó Leung Kuk are exposed.

(7.) But a Chinese Committee's ignorance of English and preference for Chinese principles of law would at least be equalled by Police ignorance or disregard of Chinese habits of social and family life, whilst the temptations of detectives would be even more powerful in the case of Police Officers and bribery would be far more difficult to bring home to them.

(8.) Whatever other drawbacks may attach to the present system represented by the Pó Léung Kuk, I believe that greater power given to the Registrar General in his supervision of the work of the Committee and to the Superintendent of the Police in his control over the Committee's detectives, and particularly a continuance of the cordial cooperation of these two Officers, will reduce those drawbacks to a safe minimum.

E. J. EITEL, PH. D., Inspector of Schools.

Appendix 21.

Case referred to by Mr. Wodehouse and Inspector Kemp.

Translation of statements made in the Pó Léung Kuk.

LI SHING-YING and Ú HONG-FUK, a boy, aged 6, were brought to the Pó Léung Kuk on the 28th of the 6th moon (21st August) by YAU WAI, watchman in Bonham Strand.

LI SHING-YING states,-

I am 33 years of age and a native of Ü Ün District. My husband's name was Ù HING-T'ONG. I have a son called HONG-FUK. My husband was a "mun sheung" (attendant) to the Magistrate of Nam Hoi. Since the Magistrate left his post, I have lived in Ko Shé Street in Canton. I lost a maidservant named LIN HI on the 21st of the 5th moon (27th of June). I offered a reward of $55, but I could not find her. A man, whom I knew by sight but not by name and whom I had heard telling my servant that

[xxx]

he belonged to her village, told me that he could take me to find my missing maidservant. On the 24th (29th July) he took me to Honam to look for her. My adopted mother went with me, and we stayed there until the 27th (1st August) but could not find any trace of her. The man then told me that he had heard that the maidservant had been taken to Hongkong. He asked me to go with him to Hongkong to look for her. My godmother then returned home and told her son NG KING-WAN to accompany me and my son HONG-FUK to Hongkong. We arrived at Hongkong this morning. After landing, I discovered that he had previously arranged with a woman to wait for us in the street. The man whispered something to the woman. I followed him through several streets. He then took me again to the Praya and told me to get into a small boat to go to Kaulung where I should find my maidservant. I asked the boatman, and he told me that his boat would take us to the Kong Mun passage boat. I immediately refused to go. He thereupon wanted to take me somewhere else, but I began to suspect that he wished to kidnap me, so I refused. He then said that I owed him money, and we began to quarrel, and a watchman took me to the Pó Léung Kuk.

NG KING-WAN states,-

I am aged 26 and a native of Ting Chau in Fukien. I live in the same house as LI SHING-YING in Ko Shé Street at the foot of the KUN YAM SHAN. My mother has adopted LI SHING-TING as her daughter. Hence she calls me her adopted brother. LI SHING-YING lost a maidservant and took her son. with her to go with a man whom she knew very slightly to Hongkong to look for her. My mother was very suspicious of this, and she directed me to accompany her and her son to Hongkong. I intended to find a comfortable place for them or see them to a lodging house and then return to Canton. Unexpectedly, the man wished to kidnap LI SHING-YING and her son, so I accompanied them as they went along. The watchman then brought us here.

NG Kỏ states,-

I am aged 51, and a native of Pó Chung in Tung Kun. I live in Tai Ping Fong at the end of Honám. I was coming to Hongkong to visit NG SUI-SHANG. I met a woman named A-ÜT on board the steamer. She belongs to the same part of Tung Kun and also lives in Tai Ping Fong in Honám. When the steamer reached Hongkong, A-ür took the woman, and the boy ashore and she asked me to go with her, I accompanied her through several streets and then to Saiyingpun market, and from there down to the Praya. A-Ür told me to engage a small boat and to go with them to the Kong-Mun passage-boat. But they refused, and then we walked again through several streets. They then told me not to follow them. I told them that they owed A-Ür money and that I must watch them and prevent them going elsewhere. Because at that time A-ÜT had gone to look for a place for them and told me to watch them until her return. They refused to allow me to follow them and we made a disturbance. A watchman took us to the Pó Léung Kuk. I have been to Hongkong in the 2nd moon of this year to visit NG SUI- SHANG, and I then lived in the Alice Memorial Hospital. I now want to take them to Sayingpun to see A-ÜT because they have borrowed money from her. At first, when they saw me follow them, they said if they had borrowed from A-ür, they could not pay it to me, but only to A-ÜT. I was afraid, if they went away, I could not look A-ür in the face as she asked me to follow them and I therefore did so.

The above three persons were taken to the Central Police Station at 8 P.M. on the 28th of the 6th moon (2nd August) by AU PUN and MOK CHI and were sent back to the Pó Léung Kuk at 9.30 P.M. On the afternoon of the 4th of the 7th moon (8th August) the Registrar General directed them to be brought before the Magistrate for trial. On the 6th of the 7th moon (10th August) NG Kó was sentenced to six months hard labour.

CHAN FUNG Came to the Pó Léung Kuk on the 3rd of the 7th moon (7th August), and stated,--

I am 56 years of age and a native of Kwong Sai. I have been married to NG SHAU-YUNG. I bore two children. The first is called KING-WAN. I live in the same house as my adopted daughter LI SHING- YING and my adopted grandson Ü HONG-FUK in Hung Kiu at Siu Pak Mun in Canton. On the 21st of the 5th moon (27th June) my adopted daughter lost her maidservant LIN HI. She had offered a reward of $55 for her recovery, but no trace of her had been found. On the 24th of the 6th moon (29th July) my adopted daughter told me that a man surnamed No from Honám informed her that her maidservant was in Honám. I then went to NG Ko's house with my adopted daughter. NG Kỏ took us to make enquiries. I returned home the same evening. On the 27th (1st August) a little after 2 P.M., I called again at NG Ko's house. NG Ko's wife told me that my adopted daughter and adopted grandson had gone on board the night steamer to Hongkong. I was very suspicious of this, and at once went home and directed my son NG KING-WAN to go on board the steamer to accompany them to Hongkong. I do not know what took place between them in Hongkong.

LI SHING-YING, my adopted daughter, NG KING-WAN, my son, and Ü HONG-FUK, my adopted grandson, were handed over to me on the 6th of the 7th moou (10th August).

1.

¿

4

[xxxi]

Statement by Inspector Lee with reference to the case referred to by

JOHN LEE, Inspector, states:-

Mr. Wodehouse and Inspector Kemp.

19th July, 1892.

I remember a case against a man NG Kỏ. It happened last August. Two men and a woman were brought to the Registrar General's Office from the Pó Léung Kuk. I think they were brought to the Registrar General's Office on the 4th August, which was a Tuesday. I was called in to the Office by the Registrar General, while the three persons were in the presence of the Registrar General, who asked the three parties if they were willing to go to the Pó Léung Kuk to allow the Pó Léung Kuk to enquire into the grievance whatever it might be. At that time there was nothing to show there was any offence committed. All the parties said they were willing to go to the Pó Léung Kuk. I saw nothing of the parties until Saturday, the 8th August, when the Registrar General instructed me to charge NG Kó under the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance. I charged the man under section 11. I had him taken to the Charge Room and his name was put on the Charge Sheet. The case came before the Magistrate, Mr. WISE, On Monday the 10th. The defendant was sentenced to six months hard labour. The man never said anything about being illegally detained in the Pó Léung Kuk.

Depositions in Case referred to by Mr. Wodehouse and Acting Inspector Kemp.

IN THE POLICE COURT AT VICTORIA IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.

MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS.

Reg. on Complaint of LI SING FU wife of U HING TONG, Complainant.

Vs.

NG Kỏ, 51, of Tung Kun, Butcher, Defendant.

Charge. On the 2nd day of August, 1891, unlawfully did bring into Victoria in this Colony by fraudulent means one LI SING Fu for the purpose of emigration contrary to Ordinance 11 of 1890. LI SING FU declared :-

I am wife of U HING TONG, a servant at Nan Chun. On June 27th I lost a servant girl. I offered a reward of $55 for her recovery. On July 29th the defendant came and said he had heard the girl was in Canton. I went to Canton with him. On July 31st or August 1st he said he heard the girl was in Hongkong, I came down with him to Hongkong on August 2nd. I walked about with defendant on the Praya. A woman came up and spoke to defendant. Defendant then asked me to go on board a boat to go and search in Kowloon. I asked where the boat was going to and the boat people said it was going to Sun Ng, so I refused to go and had a row with defendant in the street. I was taken to the Pó Léung Kuk. I never saw the servant girl again.

No questions.

NG KING MAN declared :-

We came to

I am a servant to a mandarin. I came to Hongkong with complainant and defendant. look for a servant girl who had been lost. The defendant said he heard the girl was in Hongkong.

No questions.

YAU WAI declared :—

On August 2nd, at 5.30 P.M., I saw complainant and defendant quarrelling, and from what complainant said I arrested defendant.

No questions.

Defendant denies.

6 months hard labour.

ALFRED G. WISE.

[xxxii]

Appendix 22.

Case of the Blind Man and his Wife.

Mr. WODEHOUSE, in his evidence before the Committee given on the 14th July, 1892, stated as follows:-

Another case which I can refer to is one in which a woman, who was a concubine, ran away from her busband, and she was taken up in Hongkong by a European. After a time her husband came looking for her and in the meantime he bad become blind. The Pó Léung Kuk sent for this woman and insisted on her paying $50 for the maintenance of the man on account of his blindness. That I consider irregular.

Q. Do you know this case of your own knowledge?

A.-Not my own knowledge.

Q.-Will you give your authority? You are only giving the information second hand, and it is only fair to all parties concerned that the names should be given.

A.--With regard to the woman who ran away from her husband I am not quite prepared to give my authority at this moment.

Inspector STANTON in his evidence before the Committee, given on the 22nd July, stated as follows:-

Q.-You say there are a good many things which the Committee of the Po Leung Kuk have done which would not be tolerated in England. Will you name one example?

Inspector STANTON.- —.............. Then there was the case of which I spoke when a woman, formerly a prostitute in Canton, was redeemed by a man and taken as his concubine. This man subsequently became blind. Afterwards he was unable to support her, and she then came to Hongkong and took to living with a boy in the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank. After she had been two years living here, her husband came down. I don't know how it was, but on account of this information the woman was taken to the Pó Léung Kuk and told that she ought to support her husband: and she was kept there a fortnight until she had paid $20.

Soon after Mr. WODEHOUSE had given his evidence, I caused enquiries to be made regarding this case. I saw both the blind man and the woman, and they both denied that the Pó Leung Kuk Committee had ever compelled or suggested that the woman should pay the man money, but that she had paid him $20 of her own free will. In connection with this case I attach a statement made by the woman to Dr. Ho Kai, and I also attach a brief history of the case, which shows that it was brought to the notice of the Pó Léung Kuk Committee by the Registrar General, who thought that the Committee might be able to effect a reconciliation between the two parties. They failed to do so, and the Registrar General informed the woman, in the presence of her husband, that she was free to do as she liked. No mention was ever made of a monthly payment.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

August 6th, 1892.

Statement of Chu Ying made before Honourable Ho Kai.

A woman by name of CHU A-YING was sent to me on the 21st day of July, 1892, by the Honourable the Registrar General, and, on being questioned by me in Chinese, gave the following statement :-

"I know CHAN SING, commonly known as Blind SING. I was his concubine. He was partially blind when I entered his house about ten years ago. He took me away from a brothel at Canton by force, and, after much talking, paid the mistress of the brothel about Taels 25. He opened a sly brothel in Canton a year after having taken me. He then became a melon-hawker and I a hairdresser. He pledged my daughter several times. He came to Hongkong about 6 years ago. He smoked opium, and, with his knowledge, I became a prostitute, and all my gains I used to hand over to him. We quarrelled a good deal

[xxxiii]

during this period, because he wanted 4 dollars a week from me, and I could not earn so much. At the Kung On Club I paid to him $15. I had many times asked him to release me for a small sum.

He agreed that I should pay him $50 altogether, and the $15 I paid him at the Kung On Club were part of the $50. I was summoned to appear before the Registrar General last year and I had to pay him $20. This $20 were paid to him of my own free will, and no one in the Pó Léung Kuk asked me to do it. This is to be a final settlement, and he gave me a written receipt and release for it."

HO KAI.

August 5th, 1892.

Brief history of the Case.

In January last a blindman, named CH'AN SHING, came to the Registrar General's Office and complained that his wife, named CHU YING, had deserted him. The Registrar General sent for CHU YING, who denied that she was the wife of CII'AN SHING. As it occurred to the Registrar General that there might have been some domestic squabble between the parties, for which perhaps both were to blame, he requested the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk to try to arrange an amicable settlement between them. The Pó Léung Kuk inquired into the matter and ascertained that CHU YING was not the legal wife of CH'AN SHING, but that she had been taken by him out of a brothel in Canton; that she had had to earn a livelihood for them both for some time, and that, as CH'AN SHING became more exacting, she had left him. The Committee were unable to effect a reconciliation between the parties, CHU YING declaring that she would have nothing more to do with CH'AN SHING; so the Registrar General, in the presence of CH'AN SHING, informed CHU YING that she was free to do as she liked.

Appendix 23.

Case of Hak Kwat Mán referred to by the Honourable T. H. Whitehead in his questions answered by Inspector Stanton.

Extract from Evidence given by Inspector Stanton.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you know anything of HAK KWAT MAN who is supposed to carry on a large trade in women ?

A.-I have heard of him.

Q.-Do you know whether he tried, some time ago, to pass a woman for Singapore?

A.-I heard so.

Q.-Was that woman taken afterwards to the Pó Léung Kuk?

A.-She was.

Q.-Was she afterwards liberated on the payment of a certain sum of money?

A.-I heard so.

Q.-What amount did you hear it was?

A.-$20.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 10th August, 1892.

MY DEAR GENERAL GORDON,

Will you kindly ask Inspector STANTON if he has found any clue which will enable me to trace the case of HAK KWAT MAN and the woman he is alleged to have taken out of the Pó Léung Kuk on payment of $20 ?

Yours truly,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

Inspector Stanton,

Please report to me.

Hongkong, 10th August, 1892.

[xxxiv]

Minutes by General Gordon.

Honourable Registrar General,

Inspector STANTON's report herewith.

Hongkong, 11th August, 1892.

A. GORDON.

A. GORDON,

Captain Superintendent.

Captain Superintendent,

CENTRAL POLICE STATION,

HONGKONG, 11th August, 1892.

The woman HAK KWAT MAN is alleged to have taken out of the Pó Léung Kuk on the payment of $20 was named CH'AN A YUK, aged about 25, small-footed, and a native of Macao. I am informed she was taken to the Pó Léung Kuk last year from a sly brothel kept by a woman named KWAI-CHA NG, who was subsequently killed while attempting to escape from a house in Circular Pathway when entered by a Brothel Inspector. I am further informned that, in the second Chinese month of this year, A YUK was sent to the Pó Léung Kuk from the Registrar General's Office, when she went to be registered as a prostitute in the Tak Shing brothel, in A Wa Lane, and kept there a few days. The $20 were, it is said, paid in the third or fourth month of this year. It is said MOK CHI, the Рó Léung Kuk detective, took her from the Harbour Office to the Pó Léung Kuk, that she was detained a day or two and relcased on payment of the sum stated. Before going to the Harbour Office she had been living with HAK KWAT MÁN and his wife on the second floor of a house in Hollywood Road, part of which is occupied by Mr. Lo MUK-KIU, Interpreter in the Registrar General's Department. I am informed that on her release from the Pó Leung Kuk, she went to Singapore with HAK Kwat Mán, and he told people he paid $20 to get her out. A Tung Kun woman, formerly employed in the Tak Hing brothel, returned from Singapore a short time and told HAK KWAT MAN'S wife that she was employed in Singapore a month by A YUK. This woman is now absent from the Colony. I have heard that A YUK has returned from Singapore and was seen in this Colony last month. She had a daughter two years old, but I do not know if the child was ever in the Pó Léung Kuk with her.

ago

Honourable Registrar General,

For

your information.

Hongkong, 11th August, 1892.

W. STANTON,

Inspector.

A. GORDON, Captain Superintendent.

M

[ xxxv ]

Captain Superintendent of Police,

Will you kindly ask Inspector STANTON to let me know-

1. Where he got his information ?

2. Who HAK KWAT MAN is ?

3. Where his wife can be found?

4. Whether the woman was known by any other name than that of CH'AN YUK?

5. To whom the $20 were paid?

Hongkong, 13th August, 1892.

Honourable Registrar General,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

With reference to your queries:--

1. I do not consider it desirable to record in a minute the sources of informa-

1

tion of the detective staff. They are various.

2. A gambler and dealer or agent in Prostitutes.

3. Stated in the Report.

4. Not known.

5. Not known.

Hongkong, 15th August, 1892.

Statement of Wife of Hak Kwat Mán.

A. GORDON, Captain Superintendent.

15th August, 1892.

SHIU MIN states :--

I live in Hollywood Road. My husband's name is T'ONG MAN. He is also nicknamed HAK KWAT MÁN. My husband is not in Hongkong. He left Hongkong on the 5th of March of this year (7th of the 2nd moon). He left Hongkong because he was afraid of being arrested. He kept a gambling house called the CHI HING LUNG by which he earned his living. He also kept the MAN SHING sundries shop. His accountant embezzled his money, so the shop was closed. He left the Colony with one of his wives called A KAM. He married her in the 12th moon, 20th day, the year before last. She lived with me till the 4th moon of the following year, when she went to live opposite the KUNG Wo shop. I have been living in the house in Hollywood Road since the 2nd moon of this year. I live on the 2nd floor. I rent a room. Since I have been living in this house, no one has even lived with me except my three daughters. I know a woman —a small-footed woman called A YUK. She was an inmate of an unregistered brothel in I On Lane and I used to dress her hair. She lived with me for a week. She came to my house once. I found her in my room, when I came back. I do not know why she came to my house. I said I was poor and could not keep her. My husband did not know A YUK. He had never seen her. My husband never came to see me after A KAM and he left to live in Taipingshan. When A YUK came to my house, my husband had left the Colony. He never, so far as I know, ever asked anybody to get A YUK out of the Pó Léung Kuk. If anybody says he paid anything to get her out, it is entirely false. He was not even in the Colony at the time. I do not know where A YUK is. She had a daughter two years old. I have not seen A YUK since the 2nd of the 3rd moon (29th March). A YUK did not go away with my husband. He did not even know her, and she was at my house after my husband left the Colony. I do not know any Tung Kua woman who used to be in the Tak Shing brothel. No woman has come back recently from Singapore and informed me that she had been employed there by A YUK.

SHIU MIN,

X

Her Mark.

SIR,

X

[xxxvi]

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

16th August, 1892.

With regard to the statement made by Inspector STANTON that HAK KWAT MAN paid $20 to get a woman named CH'AN YUK out of the Pó Léung Kuk, I beg to state as follows:--

1. Inspector STANTON says that CH'AN Yuk was sent to the Pó Léung Kuk from an unregistered brothel in Hollywood Road some time last year. There was no woman sent from a sly brothel in Hollywood Road last year to the Pó Léung Kuk.

2. Inspector STANTON says that the said CH'AN YUK came to this Office about the second moon of this year to be registered as a prostitute in the Tak Shing brothel in Wa Lane and was sent to the Pó Léung Kuk. There was no woman of that name who came to this Office to enter the Tak Shing brothel as a prostitute and no woman of that name was sent to the Pó Léung Kuk.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

No. 1,563.

&c.,

Registrar General,

&c.,

&c.

JOHN LEE.

Appendix 24.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 18th August, 1892.

SIR,

I am directed by the Governor to state, for the information of the Committee of Enquiry, that a petition has been received from the Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk in which they state their reasons for not appearing personally before the Committee in compliance with a request made for their attendance, after their Chairman had attended and been examined, to be that their various occupations will not admit of their personal attendance without extreme inconvenience.

They at the same time express their willingness to answer in writing any questions which the Committee may desire to put to them, and they call attention to the fact that the Committee has for some time been in possession of a memorandum on the management of the affairs of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Under these circumstances His Excellency is of the opinion that the written answers of the Directors may be accepted by your Committee.

I am to take this opportunity of enquiring when the proceedings will be terminated, and a report submitted to the Government.

I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

-1

The Honourable THE REGISTRAR GENERAL,

Chairman of the Committee of Enquiry into the Pó Léung Kuk, &c., &c., &c.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Colonial Secretary.

:

L

[ xxx vii]

Appendix 25.

STATEMENTS, &c., REGARDING KW'ONG CHEUNG, HEAD DISTRICT WATCHMAN, AND PÓ LÉUNG KUK DETECTIVE.

Kuk ?

Extract from evidence of Inspector Stanton.

Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.-Do you know Kw'ong Cheung, now a detective of the Pó Léung

A. Yes.

Q.--Was he formerly in the Police Force?

A.-He was.

Q.-Was he reduced in rauk for doings in connection with the banishment of boiler-makers in Hunghom Dock?

A. Yes.

Q. How long ago was that?

A. That was in 1889, I think.

Q.-Subsequent to severing his connection with the Police Force and previous to his appointment as Head District Watchman, was he assistant to a Coolie Boarding-house keeper named SIN MUN?

A-Yes, I have heard this. SIN MUN cleared to Singapore.

Q.-Was it reported there was a warrant out for his arrest by the Chinese Authorities? A. It was reported so.

The CHAIRMAN.--With regard to Kw'ONG CHEUNG, when he left the Police Force, what was his character?

A.-I suppose it would be fair. I could not say.

Q.-You don't know the character of the man when he left the Police Force?

A.-I could not say. I know he was a detective for some years.

Q. How many years?

A.--A long time.

Q.-Was he considered satisfactory for many years

A. He was for a long time.

Q.--And his connection with SIN MUN you only know by hears ty?

A.-That is all.

Statement by Kw'ony Chéung.

KWONG CHEUNG states,-

I left the Police Force on the 14th August, 1891, and returned to Canton on the 18th, where I stayed in the Watch House of the four temples in Sai Kwán till the 14th September, when I returned to Hongkong. On the following day I came to see the Registrar General. On the 18th, I returned to my country to repair my house, and came back to Hongkong on the 16th October for money, (which I drew from the Hongkong and Shanghai Savings' Bank). On the 19th, I returned again to Canton and stayed in the same place as before. On the 17th November, I came back to Hongkong. On the 1st December, I was appointed Head Watchman of the District by the Government on the recommendation of the Káifong, and subsequently, on the 10th April of this year, I was transferred from the watch force to the Pó Loung Kuk for service as a detective.

My dear General GORDON,

[xxxviii]

With regard to Police Certificates of discharge on pension, &c, can you tell me how they are classed? There is a man who is Head District Watchman with a certifi- cate certifying his conduct as good. To what class would it belong?

5th August, 1892.

Discharge characters are:--

1. Very good.

2. Good.

3. Fair.

4. Indifferent.

5. Bad.

Yours truly,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART.

Kwong Cheung's Certificate of Discharge.

A. GORDON.

POLICE DEPARTMENT,

VICTORIA, HONGKONG, 27th August, 1891..

Certified that P.C. 192, Kw'ONG CHEUNG, joined the Police Force on the 14th August, 1871, and was pensioned on the 14th August, 1891.

Character good.

GEO. HORSPOOL,

Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

Statement by the wife of Sin Mun.

31st August, 1892.

LEUNG I states,-

I am the 3rd concubine of a man called SIN MUN. I live in Wing Lok Street. My husband is in Penang. He left Hongkong on the 27th of the 1st Moon of last year (7th March, 1891). He has not been in this Colony since that date. My husband was never in partnership with a man called Kw'ONG CHEUNG.

LEUNG I.

X

Her Mark

The above statement was taken in the presence of the Registrar General, Mr. SUNG SING, 1st Clerk and Interpreter, Registrar General's Office, and Ü YUN-TSUNG, Head District Watchman, this 31st day of August, 1892.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

i

[xxxix]

Appendix 26.

(Translation).

A Petition from Wai Pó-shán, Leung Hok-ch'áu, Hü Wai-shan, Lo.Tsz-tsʻung, Ch'an Lán- hin, Li Chuk-k'ai, Lam Yat-hing, Chan Shut-ch'o, Ng Seung-pó, Li Pák-shun, Ch'an Him-kuk and Wai Ch'i-shan, Directors of the Tung Wa Hospital, complaining that the noise made by rescued persons under the protection of the Pó Leung Kuk disturbs the patients to an unbearable degree, and praying that arrangements may be made for their removal elsewhere to ensure the comfort of the patients.

Petitioners humbly beg to state that this Hospital was established solely for the treatment of patients, and no regulation was ever made for the reception of rescued persons. In the

year 1881, the Pó Léung Kuk was established with the sanction of a previous Governor. At that time, the Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk suggested that as the Society was only then being started, it would take some time to raise funds, and to erect buildings, and asked for the temporary loan of accommodation from the Hospital, in which to house those who came under the protection of the Society. This was merely a temporary arrangement made to meet the circumstances of the case, and further the Directors promised that when the working of the Society had been fairly started, they would take steps as soon as possible for the erection of buildings in order that the Hospital might be freed from being mixed up with the Pó Léung Kuk. Seeing that their object was a benevolent one, the Hospital Directors were willing to comply with the wishes of the Pó Léung Kuk for a time, but had not the intention of permitting those who come under the protection of the Society to live in the Hospital for ever. But though six

years have now elapsed since the accommodation was lent, it has never been handed back to the Hospital, and the successive Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk have been content to follow existing arrangements, as if they were permanent. This is certainly not in accord with the promises previously made to the Hospital and is in direct opposition to the wishes of the Government. To the sick quiet is of supreme importance, whilst noise and disturbance must be avoided above all things. If they are disturbed, they become uneasy, and uneasiness produces feverishness, which in its turn intensifies their sickness. Under these circumstances, it is the duty of the Directors to take compassion on them. Unfortunately, the number of females under the protection of the Pó Léung Kuk increases daily. They sing continuously at night, and cry in the day time, and make all sorts of noises which baffle description; nor, to petitioners great annoyance, do they pay any attention to the mild remonstrances and exhortations of the doctors and managers of the Hospital.

Upon the day that the present Directors took over the management of the Hospital, the patients presented a joint statement to them, complaining that the noise made by the persons under the care of the Pó Léung Kuk was unbearable, and caused great annoyance, and praying that measures might be devised to prevent it. This petition was presented to the Honourable Registrar General with a request that he would submit it to His Excellency the Governor.

The practice of kidnapping males and females, and taking them abroad, is on the increase. The audacity of the kidnappers is great, and they attempt no concealment. Their tricks are varied every day. Formerly they were deterred to some extent from showing themselves, but now the bad characters, who carry on a traffic in human beings, have openly associated with each other to spend money in doing evil. They engage lawyers to fabricate stories to scare people, and even bring lawyers' letters direct to the Hospital, falsely accusing the Hospital of imprisoning rescued women, and limiting the

[XL]

day for their production. Such proceedings are exceedingly vexatious. This Hospital only admits rescued persons on behalf of the Pó Léung Kuk, and would not venture to confine them without authority. It is evident that the stories out of which are made such false accusations are concocted. The following are among their most hateful practices. Whenever a woman, who has been kidnapped or sold to a brothel, has been taken by a Constable before the Registrar General for investigation, the kidnapper does not only trust in the protection afforded by a lawyer, but he bribes an old woman to declare the girl to be her daughter or her relation, telling a falsehood, with the hope that this may alter the aspect of the case, cruelly rejoicing in doing injustice, and inventing endless devices. If a kidnapper is not punished severely, he cannot be made to fear. In every case of a rescued woman, the kidnappers invariably bring accusations against the Directors. The Directors are business men, and are occupied every day with their affairs; in addition they inspect the Hospital and attend to the comforts of the patients. They have thus no leisure, and if they have to wait at the Court, whilst false charges are brought against them, their time is wasted and their business is neglected. They are constrained, therefore, to bring their case to the notice of His Excellency the Governor, and to pray His Excellency to be graciously pleased at the earliest opportunity to grant a piece of ground, on which the Pó Léung Kuk may erect buildings for the distressed males and females, so that there may be uniformity and the two institutions may be separated, a favour for which, not only the patients, but the Petitioners will be ever grateful.

To His Excellency the Governor for his favourable consideration and reply.

17th September to 16th October, 1887.

Translated by

A. W. BREWIN,

Acting Assistant Registrar General.

SIR,

Appendix 27.

Report on a petition from the Pó Léung Kuk or Society for the Protection of

Women and Children.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 1st February, 1892.

I have the honour to forward herewith, for submission to His Excellency the Governor, the translation of a petition from the Chinese Society for the protection of Women and Children, commonly known as the Pó LEUNG KUK, praying that the Government will be pleased to devise some means of making a grant to the Society, which will enable it to meet its expenditure, and to place the Institution on a firm and lasting basis.

[XLI ]

2. In order to facilitate the consideration of the request made by the Petitioners, a short sketch of the origin of the Society may be found useful.

3. In the year 1878, public attention was drawn to the question of traffic in human beings and the evil practice of kidnapping by the late Sir JOHN SMALE, who was at that time filling the office of Chief Justice. The discussion, to which his utterances from the bench gave rise, created much interest among the Chinese community, which led to a numerously signed memorial being presented by the Chinese residents to the Governor, Sir J. POPE HENNESSY, praying for permission to form an association for suppressing kidnapping and kindred offences. This memorial was forwarded to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and in reply the EARL OF KIMBERLEY stated that the memorialists should be allowed to form an association of whatever kind they desired, and that, in order to obtain official recognition, its rules and organisation should be made known and approved by the Colonial Government. Before the receipt of these instructions a society entitled the Pó Léung Kuk had already been constituted informally and was reported to have rendered much practical assistance to the Government. The Acting Chief Justice, Mr. SNOWDEN, stated that he found the society of great help in the detection of kidnappers and the Governor expressed his conviction that its operations and influence would do more than anything else to put an end to whatever was really bad in the native customs to which Sir JOHN SMALE had drawn so much attention. Rules of the society were drawn up and it was proposed that an Ordinance giving them legislative force should be introduced. The Secretary of State did not consider legisla- tion necessary and suggested that if the society required corporate powers, the Associa- tion could be formed under the Companies Ordinance and formal approval could be given to its rules and organisation by the Local Government. Incorporation of the Society at that time was found impracticable and it was agreed that publication of the rules as amended would meet all practical purposes. The following notice and rules were accordingly published in the Government Gazette of the 5th August, 1882.

GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.-No. 318.

A number of Chinese Gentlemen, resident in the Colony, having formed themselves into an Associa- tion called the PÓ LÉung Kux, with the object of assisting the Government in carrying out the laws for the protection of women and children, His Excellency the Administrator has been pleased to approve of the following rules which are hereby published for general information.

Colonial Secretary's Office,

Hongkong, 5th August, 1882.

By Command,

FREDERICK STEWART,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

Rules for the Society for the Protection of Women and Children.

1. The object of the Society is to assist in the suppression of the crime of kidnapping, and to provide for the rescue and restoration of kidnapped women and children.

2. The Society shall consist of members who subscribe ten dollars or upwards, residents in the Colony.

3. The Society shall have an Office in Hongkong.

4. The affairs of the Society shall be managed by a Committee of ten members, who shall be residents in the Colony.

5. The Committee shall be elected annually, but vacancies caused by death or absence from the Colony may be filled up from time to time.

[XLII]

6. Members of the retiring Committee will be eligible for re-election, but no member can be a member of the Committee for more than three years in succession.

7. The names of members elected on the Committee shall be submitted to the Governor within a

week after the election.

8. The Committee shall elect from amongst its members a President, a Vice-President and a Treasurer. During the temporary absence of any of these Office Bearers the next senior member of the Committee will take his place.

9. The President or Vice-President or Treasurer and two other members shall form a quorum of the Committee.

10. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the Society to be held at the Office in the month of.......................

11. At the Annual Meeting, the election of the Committee shall take place, and the outgoing Committee shall present a report of its proceedings for the preceding year, including a complete statement of the financial position of the Society, duly audited.

12. The Society will endeavour by correspondence and inquiry to assist in the detection and bringing to justice of persons guilty of kidnapping and kindred offences. The Society will also endeavour, by the establishment of a Home in Hongkong, to provide temporary accommodation for destitute women and children who may be rescued from illegal custody. The Society will also endeavour to restore rescued women and children to their relatives, and in case of those who are friendless, to make such provision as may be proper for their welfare.

13. Detectives and other Constables may, from time to time, be placed, at the service of the Society upon such conditions as may be sanctioned by the Governor.

14. Detectives and Constables employed by the Society shall act only under written instructions signed by the President or Vice-President of the Society.

15. The Committee first elected shall appoint four of their number to be Trustees, and such Trustees shall be the Lessees of any Crown Lease granted for the purpose of the Society. In case of the death of a Trustee, the Committee for the time being shall elect one of its members to take his place.

16. A Minute Book shall be kept for recording the proceedings of the meetings of the Society-and before proceeding with the business of any subsequent meeting the minutes of the previous meeting shall be read and confirmed-and signed by the President, Vice-President or person filling his place.

17. The Committee may, from time to time, make and revoke rules for the management of the affairs of the Society; such rules being submitted for the approval of the Governor before they are put into operation.

These rules were approved by the Secretary of State. The names of the first officially recognised Committee of the Society appeared in the Gazette of the 12th August, 1882, since which date a Committee has been elected annually and recognised by the Government.

4. Having briefly traced the origin of the Society, I think it will not be out of place to describe the work which it performs.

5. The work of the Society is performed by a Committee of eight (8) persons. The present Committee is made up of the following gentlemen, who are well known members of the Chinese community, the mention of whose names is quite a sufficient guarantee for their respectability :

WAI T'ING-PAN, President and Treasurer, of the Wai Tun Shin Tong,

Compradore, Eastern Extension Telegraph Company.

Lưu Tsó-IN, Vice-President, of the Tái Fung Shun, Nám Pak Hong.

CH'AN WAI-HI of the T'ái Cheung, Piece Goods Firm.

SHAM Ü-FAI of the T'ai Shing, Foreign Goods Firm.

NG Ü-Ü of the Ts'eung Ki, Nám Pak Hong.

T'ONG PING-LUN of the Kwong Ch'eung Lung, Californian Goods Firm.

WONG KAI-MING of the Sui Ch'eung Wing, Nám Pak Hong.

T'AM KWOK-YING of the Sun Shing, Contractor's Firm.

[XLIII]

This Committee, acting on behalf of the Society, co-operates with this department in detecting cases of kidnapping and kindred practices, and in bringing to justice the offenders in such cases; it provides a temporary home for men, women, and girls who have been inveigled into the Colony under false pretences for the purposes of emigration; for women and girls brought into the Colony for improper purposes, but who are found to be unwilling to enter on or who wish to abandon a life of shame; for children who are being brought up in vicious surroundings by persons who have no legal claim to them; for destitute women and girls found by the Police or sent back from places outside Hongkong, such as the Straits and San Francisco.

But the work of the Society does not only consist in aiding in the detection and bringing to justice of kidnappers and in the prevention of the traffic in human beings and in affording food, clothing, and shelter for rescued women and children and desti- tutes. It also co-operates with this department by correspondence and other means in making inquiries with a view to discovering the relations of those entrusted to the care of the Society, and finding out other particulars regarding them. For this portion of their duties the Committee are specially qualified, for they are either personally acquainted with the locality in China where inquiry has to be made or have reliable friends to whom they can entrust the work of investigation, or can refer the matter to one of the many charitable institutions which exist in China, and which have always been ready to help in such inquiries. Indeed, it is difficult to see how this work of investigation could be carried on, except through the instrumentality of a body of Chinese gentlemen such as the Pó Léung Kuk. If inquiry leads to the discovery of the relatives of those rescued, due precautions are always taken by this Office, if necessary after consultation with the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk, to secure that the interests of the woman or girl handed over, are properly safeguarded.

It is not, however, always possible to repatriate all the women and girls who are rescued and who find a temporary home in the Pó Léung Kuk, either owing to their having no relatives or friends or to other reasons. Consequently other arrangements have to be made, if practicable, for having them respectably and comfortably settled in life. These are as a rule of two kinds, though in some cases, young girls are sent direct to the Victoria Home and boys to the West Point Reformatory, where they are well cared for and educated. The women are married and the young girls are adopted. And here again the usefulness of the Society is manifest, for without its aid, this department would find it almost impossible to carry out this portion of its work and the Government might find itself permanently burdened with the expense of maintaining a large number of rescued women and girls. No one is allowed to marry or adopt a girl from the Pó Léung Kuk until he can find satisfactory security approved by the Registrar General and enter into a bond before him in which the rights and welfare of the girl are carefully protected.

In order to give some idea of the number of persons who have been assisted by the Pó Léung Kuk, in the manner which I have described, I have had the following return drawn up, giving the statistics for the last 4 years of the number of males and females received by the Society and showing how they have been dealt with.

RETURN SHEWING

MEN, WOMEN AND GIRLS RECEIVED BY THE PÓ LEUNG KUK AND HOW THEY HAVE BEEN DEALT WITH.

Sent home or handed over to relatives or otherwise dealt

Married under the auspices of the Registrar General's Office.

Adopted.

Died.

Dealt with by the Police.

Dealt with by the Magistrates.

Grand

Total.

Males.

Females. Total.

Total. Males. Females. Total.

Males. Females. Total.

XLIV ]

1

4

423

612

3

582

:

3

13

16

628

6

13

506

38

46

16

5

11

16

14

29

43

2,751

Year.

with by the Registrar General. Males. Females. Total.

Total.

26th Oct., 1887, to 14th July, 1888,

210

136

346

48

1

12

13

4

15th July, 1888, to 14th July, 1889,

339

188

527

61

11

11

3

1

15th July, 1889, to 27th July, 1890,

350

179

529

38

6

6

4

28th July, 1890, to 11th July, 1891, 12th July, 1991, to 31st Dec., 1891,

377

188

565

39

1

1

2

3

258

187

445

32

6

14

2

:

.:.

:

Total,.....

1,534

878

2,412

218

00

I

[XLV]

From this return it will be seen that during the past 4 years, no fewer than 2,412 males and females have been sent to the Pó Léung Kuk and restored to their relatives: that 218 women have been married, and 46 children have been adopted and that the total number of persons dealt with has been 2,851. A glance at the figures contained in the return will shew that the figures for the period from the 12th July, 1891, up to the end of 1891, or a period of less than six (6) months, amount to a total of 506, by far the largest number for such a period since the Society was first established. This increase in numbers is to a great extent due to the increased powers given to the Registrar General under the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, which came into force last year,

and to the unremitting exertions of the present Committee, who, though business men whose time is much occupied by their own affairs, have contrived to devote an amount of energy and time to the work of the Society which has increased its efficiency and has been of the greatest assistance to this office. Such zeal in the cause of humanity is, I submit, not only worthy of support but should also receive some formal recognition from this Government.

The Committee, however, does not ask for reward or favour, but, in the petition which I am forwarding, requests that the Government may grant the Society some aid in order that it may have a suitable place for housing and maintaining those who are entrusted to its care, and this brings me to the question of a Home.

The Pó Léung Kuk has hitherto had no Home of its own, the persons placed under its care having up to the present time been quartered in a portion of the Tung Wa Hospital, which the management of that Institution kindly placed at the disposal of the Society. The accommodation thus afforded has been for long recognised as insufficient and in no way suitable for the purpose for which it is now used. Both the Government and the Society have been fully alive to the defects in the present arrangements and steps were taken many years ago to find a site, but the difficulty was to find one suitable, a difficulty intensified by a feeling of soreness which existed among some of the members of the Society owing to the Chinese Recreation Ground, which had been granted as a site, being resumed by the Government under instructions from the Secretary of State: Mr. CHADWICK, the Sanitary Commissioner sent out by the Colonial Office to Hongkong, having strongly recommended the retention of the site in question which the late Sir RICHARD MCDONNELL described as the "Lungs of Taipingshan." In 1887, another site, a vacant piece of ground immediately behind the Tung Wa Hospital, which is now built over, was applied for, but it was finally decided that the Government should build a row of houses, the top-floors of which could be used as a Home and the other floors let out as shops or residences. These houses were accordingly constructed, but when completed the Society represented that they were not suited for a Home, and when I returned from leave at the end of 1890, I found the Pó Léung Kuk still located in the Tung Wa Hospital and the question of a Home still undecided.

On viewing the houses, the top-floors of which had been built for a Home, I reported that I agreed with the members of the Society in considering the proposed accommodation unsuitable. The idea of utilising the top-floors of the houses in the manner proposed has been abandoned, and the question of the erection of a suitable Home has not yet been definitely settled.

The Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk and the Tung Wa Hospital now offer a solution of the difficulty.

Opposite the Tung Wa Hospital is Lot No. 361, which was granted to the Tung Wa Hospital Corporation by the Government 'for the lawful and charitable purposes of the said Corporation.'

Only a small portion of this lot being used by the Tung Wa Hospital for hospital purposes, the members of that Corporation, at a meeting held on the 13th December last, resolved :-

"That on Lot No. 361, where the Kwong Fuk I Tsz stands, which was given "by the Government to this Hospital, a plot should be marked out for the "site of the Pó Léung Kuk.'

""

[XLVI].

I attach the translation of a letter handed to me by the Chairman of the Tung Wa Hospital,* which contains the above resolution, and which adds that "if in the future the "Pó Léung Kuk should find a more suitable place to which to remove, the plot of "ground with the building on it will revert to the Tung Wa Hospital for charitable

"purposes," a condition which may require some slight modification.

The Pó Léung Kuk Society considers the site will be in every way suitable for the purpose of a Home and it is conveniently situated for those who are interested in the work of the Society.

A plan of the building which it is proposed to erect is attached.†

If there is no objection on the part of Government to the granting of the site, and if the plan of the building is approved generally, the question resolves itself into one of ways and means.

With regard to the financial aspect of the matter, I would point out that according to Ordinance 11 of 1890, the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, it was evidently the intention of the Legislature that a Home should be provided out of the public revenue, and that the persons lodged in it should be maintained at the public cost.

Section 17 of that Ordinance seems clear on that point:-

"It shall be lawful for the Governor in Council, out of moneys to be provided.

"by the Legislative Council for that purpose, to provide a suitable building "or buildings for the purposes of temporarily housing and maintaining women and girls detained under the provisions of this part of the "Ordinance and as the Asylum for them during such detention."

46

I should also mention that at Singapore and other places in the Straits Settlements, where Homes have been established under the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance, the cost of the building and the expenses of the upkeep have been and are being defrayed out of public moneys, and no subscription, like that raised in Hongkong among the Chinese, to which reference is made in the petition from the Pó Léung Kuk, has been collected in the Straits in aid of the Homes there.

The principle of Government support of a Home having been thus affirmed by the Legislative Council and embodied in one of the Ordinances of this Colony, which has received the sanction of Her Majesty the Queen, it would seem that all that now remains to be done, in the direction of giving aid towards the establishment of a Home and the maintenance of those entrusted to its care, is to consider the amount of financial assistance which the Legislative Council would be justified in affording to the Pó Léung Kuk and on what conditions such assistance should be given.

As is pointed out in the petition from the Committee of the Pó Léung Kuk, a subscription in aid of the Society was started among the Chinese community about the beginning of last year, and, notwithstanding the general depression in commercial circles, which was so prevalent during the past year, a sum amounting to $30,000 has been subscribed. The interest on this sum will only help to defray a portion of the annual expenses of the Society, which are estimated at from $5,000 to $6,000, and that is the reason why the Committee now apply for Government aid.

I understand that it is the intention of the Government to sell the five houses, the top-floors of which were intended for a Home. Their value together with that of the ground on which they stand has been estimated by the Surveyor General at $21,000. I would, therefore, recommend that the Legislative Council be requested to vote that sum towards defraying the cost of building a Home, which if constructed in accordance

* See Enclosure No. 2, page XLIX.

† Not printed, but see Enclosure No. 3, page 1, for a description of the building.

[XLVII]

with the plan referred to above will, I am informed by the architect who made the plan, require an outlay of about $15,000. This would leave a balance of $6,000 which might be given as a grant-in-aid to the Society. I feel certain that, if the Government supports the establishment and maintenance of a Home as I suggest, the Chinese community, which has already subscribed so generously, will be willing to give still further substantial proof of its charity by annually subscribing towards the maintenance of those who come under the care of the Society. It is at present impossible to say whether those subscriptions together with the interest on the other funds will be sufficient to meet the expenses of the Society, but even if they are not, I presume the Government would be willing to make regular grants in proportion to the amount of the subscriptions from the Chinese community.

The Society also asks that it may be placed on a more satisfactory footing.

footing. At present it is recognised by the Government and the Rules referred to above have been approved by the Secretary of State. Seeing, however, that it is now a Society possessed of large funds, and that it will have to deal (if my recommendations are approved) with moneys granted by Government, I think it would be well to grant the request of the Society, and have its position and status defined by law in the same way as was done in the case of the sister institution, the Tung Wa Hospital. If this be approved, I shall be glad to place myself in communication with the Acting Attorney General and give him all the information he may require for drafting an Ordinance.

In conclusion I have only to remark that the work which the Pó Leung Kuk does gratuitously, and for the performance of which it has received little or no recognition from the Government and that portion of the public which is ignorant of its working, is much appreciated by the Chinese residents of the Colony, as is shown by the large sum which they have subscribed towards it, and to point out that if it were not for the existence of the Society and the hearty manner in which its members co-operate with this office in endeavouring to suppress kidnapping and other kindred offences and in providing a refuge for destitutes and rescued women and girls, the burden which it now voluntarily undertakes would have to be entirely borne instead of being shared by Government. This would most certainly entail an increased expenditure for the salaries of those who would have to be employed to carry on the duties now so excellently performed by the Society and necessitate the placing on the annual estimates of a large sum for the maintenance of destitutes and others, and in the end the work would not be so effectively or so satisfactorily performed as at present.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, Registrar General.

2

Honourable W. M. GOODMAN,

Acting Colonial Secretary.

Enclosure No. 1.

WAI T'ING-PAN (), LAU TSO-IN), CH'AN WAI-HI (E), SHAM U-FAI (4), NGU-U (L), TONG PING-LUN(), WONG KAI-MING (I), and T'AM KWOK-YING (H), Directors of the Pó LEUNG KUK present a petition praying that the Government will be pleased to devise some means of making a grant to the Society which will enable it to meet its expenditure, and requesting that such emendations be made to the laws at present in force as will give petitioners the power to perform their duties and establish the institution on a firm and lasting

basis.

[ XLVIII].

2. The Pó Léung Kuk was established in the Mó Yan year (1878-79) by the Directors of the Tung Wa Hospital. In the Kang Yan Year (1890-91), a petition was presented by the Directors to the Government asking that regulations might be framed under which they might perform their duties.

3. In the Ting Hai Year (1887-88), owing to the large increase in the work of the institution, it was resolved at a public meeting to reserve the old lecture hall of the Tung Wa Hospital for the use of the Pó Léung Kuk.

4. Since then, thanks to the unsparing efforts of the officers of the Government and to their fatherly protection, large numbers of men, women and boys and girls have been rescued from being kidnapped, and there is no Chinese either here or elsewhere who does not feel deeply grateful.

5. But however thorough is the protection which is afforded, the evils of kidnapping are more and more on the increase.

6. As there was no room for the accommodation of the increasing number of destitute persons detained in the institution and no fund provided to meet the ever-growing expenditure, the Pó Léung Kuk has hitherto made use of the P'ing On room and Fuk Shau room belonging to the Tung Wa Hospital. To meet the annual expenditure, the usual contributions of the Directors have been supplemented each year by a loan made by the Managers of the Man Mó Temple from their surplus revenue.

7. Last spring, the Government deeply moved with anxiety for the future of the Society, advised the late Directors to attempt to raise a subscription. Accordingly, after consultation with the members of the Tung Wa Hospital, it was decided to do so. In the 6th moon, the management of the Society was handed over to Petitioners, and they have since been urged repeatedly by Your Honour to exert themselves to raise the subscription. Up to date, a sum of more than 30,000 dollars has been promised by charitable persons. This may be fairly considered a success and it is owing to Your Honour's assistance that it has been subscribed with so much good will.

8. In the 11th moon, (December 1891), Your Honour and His Excellency the Administrator, General BARKER, graciously visited the Pó Léung Kuk and discussed plans for enlarging the buildings of the Society. His Excellency considered that, though the space at their disposal was certainly too limited, yet as the Hospital and the Pó Léung Kuk were both charitable societies, there should be no distinction of ground between them.

9. Accordingly a meeting was held of the past and present Directors of the two institutions and of the Kai Fong at which it was resolved to carry out the benevolent intentions of the Government and to enlarge the Pó Leung Kuk by erecting a building on Lot No. 361, where accommodation could be provided for destitutes. This lot was granted by the Government to the Tung Wa Hospital. On it stand the two rooms formerly used as a lecture hall and a small-pox ward.

10. As to the erection of the building, more than $10,000 or one-third of the subscriptions must be devoted to this purpose and when the building is completed, the annual expenditure will be very great. The average daily number of destitutes in the Pó Léung Kuk is over 60, for whose support about 15 cents a day for each person is required. Consequently if will be necessary to spend under this head from $200 to $300 a month. The total expenditure of the institution including the cost of sending destitutes back to their homes will be from $5,000 to $6,000 per annum. The interest produced by the remaining portion of the sum which has been promised, does not amount to half of this sum, and it is evident that it will be impossible to provide for the regular expenses from this source alone. Thus even though petitioners exhaust all the resources of the Pó Léung Kuk, it will be impossible without the aid of the Government to afford the protection which it is desired to extend over women and girls.

11. To grant this protection it is necessary after rescuing the kidnapped to punish the kidnappers. For "if you want to make a turbid stream clear, you must first purify the source." On the occasions when at the instance of the Society a kidnapper is brought before the Magistrate, he frequently engages a lawyer who appears in Court and argues points of law which he has carefully studied and manages to turn the crooked into straight and to enable the kidnapper to escape through the meshes of the law. Thus the evil grows uninterruptedly. If the existing law is not to be amended, the evils of kidnapping will certainly increase to the lasting injury of the Chinese community in the Colony.

12. The approval by the Government of the establishment of the Pó Léung Kuk was founded on a desire to benefit all classes. In performing their duties, the Directors must trust to the energetic guidance of the Hongkong Government to help them, by the removal of evils, to benefit the community. It is most necessary if petitioners wish to uphold the good and put down the wicked that they should perform their duties with a whole heart. If Petitioners could not manage the work satisfactorily, they would not dare. to face the officials of Hongkong nor would they be repaying the kindness of the Government.

13. They fear that the discussion of their affairs must be very troublesome, but they are unable to keep silence. At the commencement of this undertaking it is right to remove the old and establish the new, and Petitioners have thought right to give a full statement of the most important affairs in one petition to Your Honour.

[ XLIX]

14. To sum up, the expenditure of the institution depends upon the decision of the Government and Petitioners trust that when the institution has been reorganized, there will be no anxiety regarding a deficit. Petitioners know that the existing laws ought not to be altered, but it is believed that in this case the law punishing kidnapping might be amended with advantage.

Petitioners earnestly pray that the Government will be especially gracious so that in the future the kidnapped may have a place to live in and the kidnappers may not escape punishment. Petitioners will be infinitely grateful if their requests are granted and reverently pray Your Honour to recommend their case to the favourable consideration of His Excellency the Governor.

To the Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Registrar General (for submission to His Excellency the Governor.)

Enclosure No. 2.

TUNG WA HOSPITAL,

HONGKONG, 12th day of the 12th Moon of the San Mau Year,

(11th January, 1892).

SIR,

The lot, next to the Kwong Fuk Í Tsz where the students' hall, the old small-pox ward, and the free dispensary stand, was graciously granted by the Government to this hospital for charitable purposes.

The Pó Léung Kuk was established by the Directors of the Hospital in the Mó Yan Year, (1878), and rooms were lent to that institution for the accommodation of destitutes. This action was taken owing to the natural want of completeness in all the arrangements at the commencement of the undertaking and was only intended to meet the exigencies of the moment. Since then much work has been accomplished by both societies and the increasing number of cases of destitution which it has been necessary to provide for in the very limited space at our disposal has caused no little trouble and annoyance to both institutions. A short time ago a public meeting was held to discuss the position of the Pó Léung Kuk. It was resolved that a fund should be raised to defray the expenses of the Society, and we are happy to say that more than $30,000 was promised by charitable persons for the construction of a building, but unfortunately no suitable site could be found. On the 13th day of the 11th moon, (13th December, 1891), a further meeting was held and it was unanimously resolved that on Lot No. 361 where the Kwong Fuk Í Tsz stands which was given by the Government to this hospital, a plot should be marked out for the site of the Pó Léung Kuk. On the left of the Kwong Fuk Í Tsz are some rooms which are at present used for the performance of surgical operations and for vaccination. It is here that it is proposed to erect the new building, the ground- floor of which will still belong to the hospital and be used for surgery and vaccination. An architect was engaged to prepare a plan and mark out the boundaries for the information of the public. This plot of ground was presented by the Government to this hospital for charitable purposes. To give it to Pó Léung Kuk is also an act of benevolence. If in future the Pó Léung Kuk should find a more suitable place to which to remove, the plot of ground with the building on it will revert to the Tung Wa Hospital for cha- ritable purposes.

A plan is annexed.

To the Honourable J. H. STEWART-LOCKHART,

Chopped,

TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

Registrar General (for submission to Ilis Excellency the Governor).

2nd Floor.

1st Floor.

Ground Floor.

Room. Length. Width. Height.

Cubic No. of No. of

feet.

Windows. Persons.

A

35′.0"

18'.6" 27'.6"

15,056

open

B

22'.0"

12′.0" 15′.0"

3,960

2

C

21′.6"

12′.0" 15'.0"

3,870

2

D

15′.6′′ 12.0′′ 12'.0"

2,232

3

E

20'.6"

15'.6"

12′.0"

3,813

Enclosure No. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF BUILDİNG FOR THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK.

:.

Purpose for which the room is to be used.

General Meetings of the Society.

Committee Meetings.

Clerks' Office, &c.

Quarters for men, (with space for

bathing, &c.)

95

""

7

12

F

20'.6"

15'.6"

12'.0"

3,813

12

99.

99

་་

G

Q2

15'.6"

15'.0"

12'.0" 2,790

4

9

""

ΓΗ

22'.6"

12'.0"

13'.0" 3,510

J

22'.0"

12'.0" 13'.0" 3,432

N

:

:

Quarters for Clerks, &c.

"J

K

16′.0"

15'.6" 12'.0" 2,976

4

9

Quarters for Men, 1st floor.

L

16'.0"

15'.6" 12'.0" 2,976

9

Quarters for Women, 1st floor.

M

16′.0"

15'.6" 12′.0" 2,976

99

""

K

16'.0"

15'.6" 12′.0"

2,976

4

9

2nd floor.

>>

"

L

16'.0"

15'.6"

M

16′.0" 15'.6"

12'.0" 2,976

12′.0"

9

""

3

99

وو

2,976

4

9

""

"

N

15.6"

9'.0" 12′.0"

1,674

:

N

15'.6" 9'.0" 12'.0"

1,674 2

0

30'.6" 21′.0" 13'.0" 8,326

4

P

30'.6" 22′.6" 13'.0" 8,924

10

5

29

:

:

150

Bath room for women, 1st floor.

Kitchen for women, 2nd floor.

27 Quarters for women.

Reserved by the Tung Wa Hospital.

"

[L]

[LI]

Appendix 28.

A BILL

ENTITLED

An Ordinance for the establishment and incorpora- tion of the Chinese Society for the Protection of Women and Children commonly

WE tled "

known as

"The Pó Léung Kuk."

HEREAS in the year 1878 a Chinese Society enti- The Pó Léung Kuk was formed in this Colony for the protection of women and children and the same has been supported and carried on by voluntary con- tributions up to the present: And whereas the said Society has from time to time rendered assistance to the Government in the detection and suppression of the crime of kidnapping and kindred offences and in the rescue and restoration or maintenance of kidnapped women and children: And whereas it is desirable to give to the said Society a perma- nent and legal status and to endow the same with funds out of the Public Treasury: And whereas certain members of the said Society have applied to His Excellency the Governor to grant them an Ordinance of Incorporation which His Excellency has consented to do under and subject to the conditions and provisions hereinafter contained. Be it therefore enacted by the Governor of Hongkong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-

1. This Ordinance may be cited for all purposes as The Pó Leung Kuk Incorporation Ordinance.

2. The said several persons whose names and descriptions are set out and contained in the schedule of this Ordinance together with such and so many other persons as shall from time to time become donors of any sum not under ten dollars to the funds of the said Society and whose name shall be entered upon the register of members hereinafter provided, shall be one body politic and corporate, in name and in deed by the name of "The Pó Léung Kuk" with perpetual succession and a common seal, and with power to purchase, hold, take, and enjoy to themselves and their successors all houses, buildings, lands and hereditament which they may require for the purposes of the said Society; and shall and may sue and be sued in their corporate name in all Courts whether of Law or of Equity.

3. The corporation is erected for the purpose of establish- ing and maintaining a society for assisting the Government in carrying out the laws for the protection of women and children; for aiding by correspondence and other means in the detection and bringing to justice of persons guilty of kidnapping and other kindred offences; for helping to restore rescued women and children to their relatives and guardians; for providing a home for destitute women and children until proper provision is made for their marriage, adoption, settlement in life or otherwise for their welfare and for affording temporary accommodation for persons who are friendless and aiding them to return to their homes. 4. The affairs of the Society shall be managed and its various functions discharged by an Elective Committee of members under the supervision and direction of a Permanent Board of Direction.

;

5. The Elective Committee shall consist of not less than six and not more than twelve members of the Society, to be elected as hereinafter mentioned, who shall from time to time appoint one of their Body to be chairman; and every member of the said Committee shall hold office for the term of one year only, but shall be re-eligible at the expiration thereof.

6. The members of the said Committee shall be elected from time to time as occasion shall require by a majority of votes of members of the Society who shall be within the Colony at the time of such election, and every such member of the Society shall be entitled to one vote only.

7. The Permanent Board of Direction shall consist of not less than five and not more than eight persons including the Registrar General who shall be ex officio the President and also the Member of the Legislative Council for the time being representing the Chinese who shall be ex officio the Vice-President. The first Permanent Board of Direction

Preamble.

Short title.

Grant of Corporation.

Power to hold lands and sue and be sued in corporate

name.

Object and purpose of incorporation.

Management of the Society.

Elective Committee.

Committee how elected.

Permanent Board of Direction.

Power of Board of Direction.

Further powers.

Power to alter rules and regulations.

Votes.

Interpreta- tion.

Erection of buildings, &c.

Inspection.

Register of members.

Report and

statement of accounts.

Incorporation when determined.

[LII]

shall consist of the persons whose names are contained in the schedule to this Ordinance with the addition of the two ex officio members as above provided. Vacancies in this Board shall be filled up from time to time by the Governor who may call upon the continuing members of the Board for their recommendation.

8. The Board of Direction shall, subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, have full power and authority to govern, direct and decide all matters whatsoever connected with the administration of the affairs of the Society and the accom- plishment of the objects and purposes thereof, and may at discretion depute a portion or the whole of its power and authority to the Elective Committee who shall, under such rules and regulations as may from time to time be made by the Board of Direction in that behalf, undertake and exercise the immediate supervision and management of the Society.

9. The Board of Direction shall have power, with the consent of the Governor, to change or vary the corporate name and the common seal of the Society, and the amount of the donation to the funds of the Society herein before prescribed as a qualification for becoming a member thereof, and may, with such consent as aforesaid, refuse to admit any person as a member of the Society or may expel any existing member, and cause his name to be erased from the register.

10. The Board of Direction shall have power to make, and when made, cancel, change or vary rules and regula- tions for their procedure in the transaction of business and the maintenance of good order at their meetings, and for the guidance of the Elective Committee, and generally for all matters relating to the administration and management of the Society, and the discharge of its various duties. Pro- vided always that a copy of such rules and regulations shall, from time to time, be furnished to the Colonial Secretary, and every such rule or regulation shall be subject to disallowance at any time by the Governor.

11. All questions which may arise at any meeting of the Board of Direction shall be decided by a majority of votes, and in case of an equality of votes the President shall have a casting vote.

12. In case any doubt or ambiguity shall arise and any controversy shall take place among the members of the Board of Direction as to the interpretation of this Ordinance the same shall be referred to the Governor whose decision thereon shall be final.

13. The Board of Direction appointed under this Ordi- nance shall, with all convenient despatch after the passing thereof, cause all buildings and works required for the purposes of the said Society to be erected and executed out of the funds of the Society from whatever source de- rived upon the site opposite the Tung Wa Hospital and approved by His Excellency the Governor. Such buildings and works shall be kept and maintained for the objects and purposes specified in section 3 out of the voluntary sub- scriptions to the Society and out of such income or money as the Society may derive from any source whatsoever.

14. All buildings and premises of the Society shall be open at all reasonable times to the inspection of the Governor and of any other person whom His Excellency may appoint in that behalf.

15. The Board of Direction shall cause a register to be kept in which every person desiring to become a member of the Society and being duly qualified shall, subject to the provisions of section 9 be entitled to have his name in- scribed, and also shall cause proper books of account to be kept which shall be open at all reasonable times to the inspection of members of the Society and of any person whom the Governor may appoint in that behalf, and also shall within one month after the expiration of every year transmit to the Colonial Secretary a full report of work done during the previous year together with a true statement of the assets and liabilities of the Society and an account of their receipts and disbursements during the previous year, and such statement shall if required be verified on oath or by declaration before a Justice of the Peace by two members of the Board.

16. In case it shall at any time be shown to the satis- faction of the Governor that the Society has ceased or neglected or failed to carry out in a proper manner the objects and purposes of its establishment as set forth in section 3 hereof or the objects and purposes of this Ordi-

:

[LIII].

nance or to fulfil the conditions thereof, it shall be lawful for the Governor, by an Ordinance to be passed for that purpose, to repeal this Ordinance and to declare that the Incorporation hereby granted shall cease and determine and become absolutely void.

17. In case the Incorporation hereby granted shall cease under the provisions of the last preceding section, all the property and assets of the Corporation shall become vested in the Crown subject to the rateable payment thereout of the just debts and liabilities (if any) of the Society, to the extent of such property and assets and in such manner as shall be provided by the repealing Ordinance or by any Order to be made in that behalf by the Governor in Council. 18. To enable the Society to provide the building or buildings mentioned in section 17 of Ordinance 11 of 1890 and to carry out more successfully its objects and purposes it shall be lawful for the Governor to authorize the pay- ment to the Society of a sum not exceeding twenty thousand dollars.

19. It shall be lawful also for the Governor in his discretion to direct a certain number of detectives and constables to be placed at the service of the Society on such terms and under such conditions as His Excellency may sanction.

Property, &c. to become vested in the

Crown.

Government grant.

Detectives

and constables to be placed at the service of the Society.

SCHEDULE.

Permanent Board of Directors.-Section 7, Pó Léung Kuk Draft Ordinance.

Name.

Ex Officio Members. Registrar General.

Member of Legislative Council representing the Chinese.

No.

I

Chan Pan-pò(陳彬甫)

2

4

5

10

6

Lau Shai-chák(劉世澤)

Lau Wai-ch'ün (HD),

Leung Lung-chéung (E), Sham U-fai (X),

Wai Ting-pan (韋廷),

Other Members.

Occupation.

No. of Years

resident

in Hongkong.

Remarks.

Manager of the Chu Wing On (*) About 30

Firm which has been established in the Colony since the year 1869.

Manager, Hop Hing (A) Firm

opened in 1867.

Partnerin the Tung Shang Wo(東生和) Firm, California & Singapore Merchants. Partner in the Shiú Fung () Bank. Partner in the Tái Shing () and Kwan Tái (t) opened in 1875 and 1871, Compradore's Firms. Compradore, E. E. Telegraph Compy.,

14

""

""

""

30

20 Naturalized British sub- ject and Justice of the Peace.

37

""

A British subject born

in Hongkong.

up

[LIV]

Appendix 29.

Speech made by His Excellency the Governor, Sir William Robinson, K.C.M.G., at a meeting of the Legislative Council held on the 25th April, 1892.

Before proceeding to the orders of the day I should like to make a few remarks in reference to the Ordinance which is down for second reading, entitled an Ordinance for the establishment and incorporation of the Chinese Society for the Protection of Women and Children commonly known as "The Pó Léung Kuk." I was certainly under the impression that this Bill would have been well received and thoroughly approved of by the community as well as by the unofficial members of the Council, but I regret to say that it appears the Bill does not recommend itself to the community or to all of the unofficial members. Although the objections which have been raised by the hon. member for the Chamber of Commerce might have been anticipated, still they have been backed to a certain degree by the senior member of the unofficial body, for whose opinion, I may say, I entertain great respect. I think it is admitted on all hands that this Pó Léung Kuk Society has done an immense amount of good work within recent years, work which had it not been performed by that Society must have been undertaken by the Government itself at very considerable expense. I think it also is very gratifying to find that so many leading residents of the Colony, members of the Chinese community, have been able and are willing to assist the Government in this good work. It is my most anxious desire, I may say, to encourage all respectable Chinese in this Colony to work hand in hand with the Government in all matters that may be for the general benefit of the community. This Bill I propose for the present to postpone for reasons which I shall explain a little further on. The Bill, I think, has been thoroughly misunderstood. It is not only a Bill to give the Society legal status. The real intention of the Bill is to place the Society more under the control of the Government than it has ever hitherto been. This view appears not to have been taken by the gentlemen who have opposed the Bill or by the community, who are stated to have strong objections to it. I may say that had the Bill come on for the second reading to-day I was perfectly prepared to modify it in certain particulars. I should have struck out the last clause, I should have amended the Bill so that the meetings of the Society and the buildings and establishment of the Society should be open at all times to any Justice of the Peace, and so have removed it from the odium of the charge brought against it by the member for the Chamber of Commerce, namely that it was a Secret Society. I should also have requested the official members not to regard it as a Government measure. I had also in view the addition of a suspend- ing clause in order that the Secretary of State might have considered the Ordinance most fully in all its details so that it would not have come into operation until his decision had been forwarded to us. But since last meeting of Council, when the hon. member for the Chamber of Commerce stigmatised the Pó Léung Kuk as a Secret Society, very serious charges against the operations of the Society have been made to me. One of them is that the subordinate members of the Society are not disinclined to exercise what is known as the practice of squeezing if an opportunity occurs. Another is that of the $30,000, which is mentioned by the Registrar General as the amount of the subscription gathered in aid of the Society-a certain portion of that amount has been obtained by means which could hardly be called justifiable. I think as such very grave charges are hanging over this Society, a Society which has done very good work, it would be the wish of the members themselves that the matter should be thoroughly inquired into. If these statements are proved, it will be a very serious business, and if they are disproved the hands of the Government and the hands of the Pó Léung Kuk Society will be immensely strengthened. I think the leading members of the Society are most respectable-gentle- men who have been resident in this island twenty, twenty-five, or thirty years, and that they would wish that we should defer the consideration of this Bill until these matters

A

[LV]

have been satisfactorily settled-settled to the satisfaction of the Council and the com- munity at large. I therefore propose, if the Council does not see any objection, that we defer consideration of this Bill in the meantime, and under the Standing Orders that it be referred at this stage to a special commission-consisting of the Registrar General, Dr. Ho KAI, Mr. CHATER, Mr. WHITEHEAD, and the Acting Colonial Treasurer-for con- sideration and report. After the Bill has been considered, the question-which is certainly a most important one-of how much grant, if any, should be made will come up

for discussion. With reference to that point I think the Council is pledged to a certain extent to make a grant of money corresponding to the assistance given by the Society to the Government. I now propose to refer this Bill to a Special Committee.

Appendix 30.

Translation of Pó Léung Kuk Circular

Dated Kwang-sü 17th Year 4th Moon.

The co-operation and assistance of good citizens are essential to all successful Gov- ernment. And the perishing and submerged should be rescued without distinction of race or country. This is a matter of common humanity in which all should help with one heart and united strength. And in proportion to the greatness of the misery caused to human beings by kidnapping is the merit of rescuing its innocent victims.

Let us sketch briefly their practices to shew that kidnappers have the hearts of vipers and wolves.

1. Their male victims.-They entrap them by false promises of pleasure and gain into an inextricable maze. They lend them money to meet their gambling debts on interest, and straightway pursue them like lost sheep for repayment. Or they attach them to themselves by presents, so that they stick like flies to a horse's tail, till some dark night they gallop off and their victims are sold in a foreign land. Thus a present desire is gratified at the expense of robbing the family nest, and on pretence of entertain- ing strangers they are sold as pigs. Henceforth the victims are severed for ever from their own flesh and blood, and none knows whether they are living or dead.

2. Their female victims.-They charm them by promises of marriage and fine clothes; but instead of a bride chamber they find a prison. They are to be ladies' maids, or nurses in rich families, or they are to travel together over the world, and flutter in unbridled pleasure like birds of the air. But, alas! the pleasure is short-lived, the faded flower is crushed in the treacherous hand, and the forlorn heart is the sport of the heartless. They go forth into the dew and the wind with their broidered hair like queens for a palace, but anon look back with the remorse of lost souls. They are the wretchedest of the wretched-their condition is the bitterest of all bitterness. While our hearts are pained to the uttermost how can we fold our hands in peace?

This class of people who make a regular business of kidnapping make Hongkong their basis of operations. They haunt this Colony as crocodiles used to haunt Chao Chou or as fish haunt a stream.

stream. For this reason it was that Officials and Merchants combined

[LVI]

to establish a Society, calling it rightly the "Good-Protecting." Though working with greater zeal at the present time, ours is not a new institution, having been begun in 1878, in connection with the Tung Wa Hospital, and made a separate establishment in 1887. Its rules of procedure have become gradually more numerous and more minute, and its scope and pursuits more extensive, everywhere on land and water, and with the help of many old and young of both sexes secretly seeking out the vile vermin, and saving their victims-intercepting them in their course, taking care of the rescued, hand- ing cases over to the authorities, carrying out instructions, getting some married, and sending others home to their friends.

But the granary is empty and the hungry still crowd round waiting for its opening. The fountain is dry and the drawers of water still clamour for the digging of wells. Therefore the new and the old members of our humble institution had a meeting in the Tung Wa Hospital of the gentry and merchants to discuss the question of collecting funds, and making application far and near from Canton to Foochow to all generous people in all wealthy places. And to such we now make our appeal. Fill your pens, and open your purses. Let us have large subscriptions, like timely rain falling on the parched trees. Let the funds flow in like full streams that fill the rivers and the sea. Sow liberally and you will reap liberally. Who is there who has no parents, and does not know that by bringing comfort to others' parents we bless our own? Who is there who has not a wife and children, or does not know that in saving others' children we protect our own? And be sure that virtue while seeking no reward always gets one in the end; things will work round to this equitable adjustment, just as surely as the clouds result in rain. No one lives a virtuous life merely for the present advantage to himself; but as the evil doer will ultimately be extinguished in shame and ignominy so certainly the good will be glorified. In hope of a seasonable response, we bow our heads and open our hearts by means of these few humble remarks, which we venture respectfully to put forth.

Notice.-The Tung Wa Hospital is authorized to collect and receive all monies sub- scribed for the purposes of the Pó Léung Kuk.

of the Pó Léung Kuk. All contributors are therefore respect- fully requested to pay the amount of their contributions to the Treasurer of that Hospital who will issue receipts for the same.

Translated by

J. CHALMERS, LL.D.

(Signed) The Members of the

PÓ LEUNG KUK.

*

Appendix 31.

(4.)-RETURN of CASES forwarded by the Magistrates of Abduction and Sale of Women and female Children, attempting to sell Children or having Children with intens to sell, Child-stealing, Enticing, Decoying or by force or fraud bringing to or taking away Men or Women from the Colony, forcibly detaining or taking away adults with intent to obtain ransom, and kidnapping with intent to send abroad, during a period of Sixteen Years, from 1st January, 1865, to 31st December, 1880, inclusive.

DEFENDANTS IN EACH CASE, AND SENTENCE, DECISION, OR ORDER MADE.

YEAR.

Ordered to FIND SECURITY.

TO BE IMPRISONED.

IN LIEU OF FINE OR SECURITY.

PEREMPTORY.

Fined.

REMARKS.

M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F.

M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F.

:..

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

***

:

:

:

:

:

T:.

Record destroyed by white-ants.

5

5 1

...

7

13

3

1

M. F.

| M. F. M. F. M. F.

M. F.

1865,

55

:

:

:.

:.

:

:

:

1866,

62

1867,

44

1868,

41

1869,

22

1870,

1871,

27

1872,

·

1873,

74

DINING

...

...

...

...

40 37 29 9 4 13 20 9

33 27 22

...

1 13 18

57 31 21 6 21 16

1874,

33

21

29

6 5 5 13

1

1

1

1 1

1

1875,

45 22 45

12 13 21

1876,

33

26

41

16 18 21

1877,

44

24

52

1878,

50 43

58

1879,

61 47 42

1880,

64

48

59

- 3 6 6

8 15 38 6

1

5

25 40 10 11

2

3

19 24 12 12

2

...

1

17 23 15

22

44

2

Magistracy, 20th July, 1892.

:

I

6

11

3

...

1

: 10

...

:

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

9 4

Do.

:

...

1 1

6

21

6

6 | 11

16

8

1

...

3

1

1

[LVII]

(B.)-RETURN of CASES forwarded by the Magistrates of Abduction and Sale of Women and female Children, Child-stealing, Decoying (Men or Boys, Women or Girls) into or away from the Colony, or imprisoning or detaining them for the purpose of Emigration, or for any purpose whatsoever, forcibly detaining Women or

female Children for the purpose of carnally knowing them, forcibly detaining or taking away persons with intent to procure a benefit for their

· liberation, receiving or harbouring improper Chinese Emigrants, and Breach of Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance,

during a period of Eleven Years, from 1st January, 1881, to 31st December, 1891, inclusive.

DEFENDANTS IN EACH CASE AND SENTENCE, DECISION, OR ORDER MADE.

ORDERED TO FIND SECURITY.

TO BE IMPRISONED.

YEAR.

Number of Case as

Recorded.

Total Number.

Convicted and

Punished.

Discharged.

Committed for trial

at the Supreme

Court.

Committed to Prison

pending Orders of the Governor.

To keep the

Peace.

To be of good

behaviour.

To keep the Peace

and be of good behaviour.

To answer any

charge.

M. F. M.

P. M.

F. { M. \ F.

M.

F. M.

F.

1881,

60

51

52

1882,

51

41

43

1883,

33

27 26

1884,

31 23

23

M. F. M. F. M. F. M.

748

6 14 39 34

24 13 10

20

22 22

1

19

19 1

1

1885,

55

50 34

38 27 4

1886,

59 54 40 1.7

28 25 4

1887,

105

101 38 25

1888.

101

[113

30

26

1889,

95

83 31 21

1890,

46 39

29

1891.

117 65 52 32 26

222

ལས

2

*2742

44 22 25

54 19 32.

45

20 9

763

30

23

27 24

Total,.

753

647 398 142 77 333 239 137

62

1

Magistracy, 21st April, 1892.

:

:

3 4

1

:

2

Undecided.

M. F. 1. | M.

4

5

6

1

1

2

1

~ ::

2

4

2

1

co

NN:

2

2

2

26

17

:

:

1

3

IN LIEU OF FINE OR

SECURITY.

Simple.

With Hard

Labour.

F. \ M.

| M. F. M.

3

:

...

4

2

2

1 18

7

1

PEREMPTORY.

Simple.

With Hard

Labour.

Fined.

F. M. F. M. F.

3

3

10

21

23

1

20

1

2

31

22

3

...

:

:

1 123

66

:

3

[LVIII]

[LIX]

Abstract of the Return showing the number of cases of Abduction and Sale of Women and Children, &c., brought before the Police Court and the number of persons convicted and punished in the same Court from 1865 to 1891.

Number of persons

convicted and punished.

Total.

Number Average

Years.

of

number

cases.

yearly.

Males.Females.

Average number

of per-

sons con-

victed & punished

each year.

Remarks.

1865-1869,

224

44.8

Records destroyed.

1870-1874,

207

41.4

37

16

53

10.6

**

1875-1879,

233

46,6

30

44

74

14.8

of 1871 [destroyed.

1880-1884,

239

47.8

22

15

37

7.4

1885-1889,

415

83.0

92

33

125

25.0

1890-1891,

163

81.5

34

30

64

32.0

1,481

215

138

353

Abstract of the Return showing the number of cases of Kidnapping tried in the Supreme Court, the number of persons convicted and punished, and the number acquitted from 1868 to 1891.

Number Number

Number Average of per- of per- No. pris-punished

Total Average

Remarks.

oners.

yearly.

Years.

of

cases.

No. yearly.

sons con- sons ac-

victed.

quitted.

1868-1869,

18

9.0

21*

4

25

10.5

Previous records

1870-1874,

13

2.6

14

3

17

2.8

[destroyed.

1875-1879,

27

5.4

34

12

46

6.8

1880-1884,

37

7.4

51

15

66

10.2

1885-1889,

26

5.2

29

14

43

5.8

1890-1891,

5

2.5

5

0

5

2.5

126

154

48

202

(C.)—Return of Kidnapping cases tried in the Supreme Court from 1868 to 1891 inclusive.

Year.

No. of cases. No. of Prisoners.

Convictions.

Acquittals.

1868,

12

1869,

1870,

264

13

13

12

8

6

4

4 2.

1871,

4

1872,

3

4

1

1873,

1

1

1

1874,

1

2

2

1875,

2

2

1876,

1

3

1877,

5

9

1878,

ة

12

4

1879,

14

20

18

1880,

17

29

25

4

1881,

17

34

24

10

1882,

3

3

2

1

1883.

1884,

1885,

3

4

4

1886,

2

2

1

1

1887,

11

20

10

10

1888,

8

15

13

2

1889,

2

2

1

1

1890,

4

4

4

1

1

1891,

Supreme Court, 19th August, 1892.

C. F. A. SANGSTER, Deputy Registrar.

MY DEAR WHITEHEAD,

[LX]

Appendix 32.

..

My time was too much occupied before leaving to write you a few lines, as I promised I would, upon the Pó Léung Kuk Society, which was again prominently brought to notice by your letters to the Government on the appointment of the Chairman of the Committee to sit upon the Society. I need hardly say I cordially agree with you that the Chairman of that Committee should be entirely disassociated from the Society, and though there would be less objection to the promoter of the application for a Government grant sitting as one of the Committee, I go so far as to think he would be even better placed as a witness to be called by the Committee. The question of the contemplated Government grant to the Society, I would like to comment upon. In no analogous community in Great Britain, or perhaps even in its dependencies, I venture to think, does a similar grant exist, nor would it receive sanction if proposed. There are hundreds of rescue societies operating in the United Kingdom, having a scope much on all fours with the Pó Léung Kuk; all are supported voluntarily, none receive Government grants-in-aid. Breaches of the law they unearth are brought by them before the proper tribunals to be dealt with and we do not hear that they fail in the prosecution of their objects. Should enlarged legislation be necessary to accomplish a closer suppression of crime, Parliament is easily moved to grant what may be needed. The Pó Léung Kuk Society seeks to do much the same as the home Societies. The legal machinery also exists with us to punish offenders that may be brought to public notice, and the returns of the convictions obtained as recorded in the Registrar General's report (17 convictions out of 20 prosecutions) shew a very fair average of success. Should, however, the law be defective in any particular, there can be no objection in drawing the meshes closer to prevent as little escape as possible. Official machinery also exists to detect and bring to conviction the very class of offences the Pó Léung Kuk seeks to control; if it needs strengthening let it be, done, but don't let the Government give an official status to a private institution or subsidise it, as is proposed, by a gift of public money. The ways of the Natives are sufficiently devious and obscure even to those who have the longest experience of them, without clothing them with an authority in a private undertaking which admittedly needs the aid of detectives and other secret influences to attain its objects. We are not many years removed from the time when the honesty of the Native Police was called in question, and I would strongly deprecate incurring extra risk in this direction by augmenting that body with a Government sanctioned private institution. Additional securities to those which prevail in the Colony of Hongkong also help to safeguard the interests watched over by the Pó Léung Kuk Society. For all emigration from the Colony has not only to filter through our own officials but emigration is permitted to British possessions solely. At those ports of disembarkation ample official protection steps in to prevent abuse and though it is possible, out of the thousands of emigrants that leave Hongkong, a few cases of injustice may occur, their number is insignificant and arise mainly from the stupidity of the Chinese themselves who do not avail of the opportunities for redress that exist. If a rescue Society, such as the Pó Léung Kuk is, becomes a recipient of Government funds, it seems to me that other societies in the Colony equally deserving should receive similar grants. Let the Pó Leung Kuk work out its ends by voluntary contributions. Chinese are those mainly benefited and if they see the Society doing good they will not be backward with their subscriptions. In these times of talked of and really necessary retrenchment, it does appear anomalous that a vote of $20,000 should be proposed almost in one breath for the Pó Leung Kuk, while a sanctioned expenditure of $32,000 on public works that would be a boon to the community is disallowed and is paraded as an evidence of retrenchment.

You can make what use you like of this letter.

Saghalien,

At Sea, 19th May, 1892.

Yours sincerely,

E. MACKINTOSH.

L

[LXI]

Appendix 33.

Extract from China Mail, 28th November, 1892.

THE POWERS OF THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK.

CHARGE AGAINST ONE OF THE SOCIETY'S OFFICERS.

Before Mr. WISE in the Police Court to-day, Mок CHI, a detective of the Pó Léung Kuk Society, was charged with having assaulted and falsely imprisoned a man named CHAN PAO SHAN, on board the s.s. Memnon on the 14th inst. Mr. DENNYS appeared for the prosecution and Dr. Ho KAI for the defence.

The complainant said--I have lived in Hongkong for about ten years and have known defendant for the last two or three years. On November 14th I and my wife and mother-in-law went on board the s.s. Memnon to proceed to Sandakan. At 6 p.m., I was in the second-class cabin packing up some watches when the defendant came and spoke to my wife, asking her 'Who is this man?' The defendant then told me to leave the cabin, and when I said 'wait a minute till I lock up my watches' he seized me by the queue with one hand and struck me twice on the body with the other. He dragged me along the passage. A compradore met us in the passage and asked defendant what he had arrested me for. Defendant said I was a kidnapper. He took me aft and after showing a piece of paper to the Chief Officer ordered me to get into a boat. I did so. My wife came with me. We were both taken to the Tung Wah Hospital, where we were examined by the gentry of the Pó Léung Kuk. The defendant had hold of my queue while we were going through the streets. I did not obstruct or resist the defendant in any way.

Cross-examined—I joined a firm in Sandakan recently and I came here to take back goods. I was a money-lender while in Hongkong and I was also a broker for the engagement of labourers to send to Sandakan. There were no young girls on board the steamer. The woman I have called my wife is my

lawful wife.

The evidence of the complainant's wife and his mother-in-law substantially corroborated his own, and a Chinese Police Sergeant said he saw the defendant holding the complainant by the queue while they were on their way to the Tung Wah Hospital.

LO WAN KAI, vice-president of the Pó Léung Kuk, stated that information had been given to the Society that the complainant was taking five women to Borneo. The defendant was instructed to go on board the steamer and to arrest the complainant if he found anything suspicious. The defendant was furnished with written authority to do this. The authority was given under the regulations of the Society which were approved by the Government.

His Worship said he was satisfied that the defendant had authority, but the question was did he exercise it in a reasonable manner.

Dr. Ho KAI asked for a remand in order that evidence could be given as to the nature of the infor- mation against the complainant, the principal witness on that point being at present in Canton. He also desired a remand in order to get the evidence of persons who were on board the steamer.

His Worship declined to grant a remand. He thought the best course would have been to bring this matter before the Civil Court, in which case a remand would no doubt have been granted but he could not possibly grant it in this case. He took into account that the defendant was provided with certain authority from the Pó Léung Kuk, but he did not think he had exercised his powers properly. He did not want to punish him severely, however, and he thought a fine of five dollars would be sufficient.

Appendix 34.

Translation.

To His Excellency

THE GOVERNOR OF HONGKONG.

The humble petition of the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Sheweth,-

That the Pó Léung Kuk was established more than ten years ago, that since then the successive directors have exerted themselves unsparingly to maintain the Society, and that the number of women and girls who have been rescued and the number of kidnappers who have been detected and brought to justice is considerable.

That of late years, despite the fact that every endeavour has been made to bring the work of rescuing to a high standard of efficiency, the number of women and children

. [ LXII]

kidnapped is on the increase, and that although petitioners' efforts to detect kidnapping are unremitting, the kidnappers grow more audacious than ever. That the reason for this is that whenever kidnappers either male or female are arrested and sent to the Protector of Chinese for investigation and by him to the Police Magistrate they engage forthwith solicitors to appear for them in the Court and exert themselves in argument with a view, by some good chance, of obtaining their acquittal. That it is a source of deep regret that in consequence of this the evil can never be removed. That petitioners have already in the 11th and 12th moons repeatedly prayed the Protector of Chinese to move His Excellency the Governor to amend the law with a view to the suppression of kidnapping.

That the directors, ever anxious to carry on the work and regardless of the hatred which they incur and the toil which they undergo, use their utmost endeavour to devise some method of accomplishing their task, nor have they ever withdrawn from fear of difficulties, knowing that this Society was established by the Government out of its kindness to afford protection to women and children and to bring kidnappers to justice.

That in these cases, in order that good may be promoted and evil discouraged, reliance must be placed on the Officers of the Government rendering their best assistance. That the directors must also carry on their work with the sole intention of exalting the upright and lowering the wicked. That otherwise if the directors neglect to do their work properly and the Officers of the Government to strictly administer justice, neither side can repay the Government for its favours or be worthy to appear before Her Majesty the Queen.

That the directors have neither received official rank nor emolument but owe their appointment as managers of the Society to the recommendations of the gentry and merchants of Hongkong, and subscribe towards the work which they carry on, in which they must be animated by no other desire than that of the public good.

That during the spring and summer of last year, as the Society was short of funds, the directors started a subscription to provide for the expenditure, in which they were actuated solely by a regard for the general weal. That when the subscription had been almost satisfactorily completed, unexpectedly idle and slanderous stories were started to the effect that the directors had recourse to extortion in order to raise the money, and doubts were thrown on the Society of being a Secret Society. That as the establishment of the Society was sanctioned after deliberation by the Government, it would seem useless to discuss the question whether it is a public or secret Society, and that as regards the charge of raising subscriptions by extortion, the mirror of Ts'UN has been held up

and the Government has graciously appointed a commission to hold an inquiry, which after sitting for some months has not found the slightest particle of evidence to substantiate the accusation.

That as an enquiry into the Society has been thought necessary, the person who brings the charge of using pressure to raise subscriptions against the Society is as it were the prosecutor, and the Society the defendant. That in law, the prosecutor must open out the whole of his case before the defendant replies. That the enquiry has lasted a long time, and petitioners would like to ask what evidence the prosecutor has produced in support of his charge and to what the defendant has to reply, and yet to every one's surprise the prosecutor insists most unjustifiably on the defendant replying, though he himself is at a loss to find any instance to substantiate his accusation.

That it came to this, that some days ago the Chairman of the Pó Léung Kuk was summoned by letter to attend at the Council Chamber and explain in detail before the commission the method in which the Society has hitherto conducted its work: that fortunately he made no slip in giving his evidence and no opportunity was given to worry him. That though the directors may be fools and improbable though it may appear, they think they can throw some light on this proceeding. That the directors

1

[ LXIII]

1.

A

are business men and not acquainted with law, and are in addition so occupied in many matters that they have to be very careful of their time. That, if they attend at the Council Chamber and are kept waiting to be examined at length, their business will be interfered with and much time wasted before anything is accomplished. That those who are inquiring, know this quite well, and act purposely in this way, in order that the directors may be induced to express themselves in a hasty and confused manner which would fall in with the prejudices and private objects of those who wish to entrap them That this conduct seems to be actuated by a most unfair spirit. That if the directors' supposition is correct, how is it that the commission, who have been for some time in possession of a memorandum of the management of the affairs of the Society, if they feel that there is any point which still requires explanation, have not addressed a question in writing to the directors, to which they would have received a straightforward answer, instead of insisting on the presence of the directors in order to undergo a per- sonal examination. That it is for this reason that the directors have not attended in response to the second request, but they are willing to reply to any letter that is addressed to them.

That Police cases with which the Society has been connected have been looked over and searched with the impression that mistakes must have been made. That the directors reflect that the Society has been established to co-operate with the Government in securing protection (for women and children), and that the sole reason why the directors have sacrificed their time, interfered with their business, and spent money on the management, is that they wish to do good and earnestly desire to do some service on behalf of the Government, in its work of rendering the people contented: that the establishment or abolition, the existence or non-existence of the Society is a matter of no personal importance to them. That the directors have long wished to express their opinions, but out of gratitude for the kindness and sympathy of the Government have refrained up till now from disclosing their sentiments.

That on Sunday the 24th July the detectives of the Society discovered four desti- tutes. That two of these, named T'sUI KWAN-TSUNG and KONG CHEUNG, asked im- mediately to be provided with passage-money and sent home, whilst the other two, named CHUNG ÚN and WONG SHING alias WAN TIN, mutually accused each other of kidnapping. That the directors not knowing whose story to believe sent both the men to the Protector of Chinese on Monday for inquiry. That subsequently the Protector of Chinese sent the two men to the Police Court for trial. That the case was remanded, and the Police Magistrate sent a European Police Officer repeatedly to the Society's Office and to the Tung Wá Hospital where he made enquiries on many points. That the directors were then subpoenaed to attend at the Magistracy. Those who knew would think that they hastened there on public business, but the ignorant would think that they went there as criminals. That no one's dignity can be preserved after he is treated in this way. That not only was their conduct suspected and they themselves cross-questioned, but they were in addition severely reprimanded, and the Magistrate refused to believe their statement that there were four destitutes and said that he thought that there were only two and that the story of the directors was false and brought forward as an excuse. But that as a matter of fact the two destitutes, KwÁN TSUNG and KONG CHEUNG, had been provided with passage-tickets by the Tung Wá Hospital and sent on board the S.S. Powan and had left for Canton on Sunday evening. Further that a register is kept in the Society's Office in which the names of destitutes and the circumstances and date of their admittance and the date of their discharge are entered, and that this register is open for inspection. That there is no reason for saying that these men had never existed.

That the Police Magistrate further said that the detectives of the Society could not - make arrests and that they certainly ought not to send offenders before the Protector of Chinese but bring them direct to the Police Court. That if the detectives of the Society cannot make arrests there is no use in employing them; that they were transferred from

[LXIV]

the district watch force, where they had been charged with the duty of making arrests, for service under the Pó Léung Kuk, and that if what the Police Magistrate said is true the seventeen rules received by the Society from the Secretary of State are altogether a matter of form and of no possible use.

That it has hitherto been the practice to send all kidnappers and their victims of either sex before the Protector of Chinese for him to decide what course is to be pursued, and that the directors have never had any communication with the Police Magistrates: the reason being that they might avoid the circumlocution which would arise owing to neither party understanding the other's language.

That although it is only a month since the present directors have taken over the management of the Society, they know that they must act with reason, and that in the matter of the two persons CHUNG UN and WONG SHING there was no occasion why they should be partial to one and unfavourable to the other.

That the Police Magistrate is invested with authority to decide each case and exercise his discretion as to whether punishment is to be inflicted or not, and it is certainly not within the province of the directors to offer any criticism whatever. That there was no reason why the Police Magistrate should avail himself of the occasion to harass the directors and why he should have instituted such an inordinately minute inquiry in order to hector and worry them to such an extravagant extent.

That it is impossible for men so incapable as the directors to be able to carry on this work. That they well know that the enmity and jealousy with which the Society is met is unavoidable.

That if it is insisted that the Society should be maintained and its work continued, it is to be feared that there will be such opposition to their views and such obstruction to their acts as will render that impossible. That they therefore present this petition praying that they may be permitted to resign and further beg Your Excellency to choose other gentlemen of more ability to fill their place and to furnish them with instructions for their direction and guidance—a course which they submit is recommended both by justice and expediency.

And your petitioners will ever pray,

&c.

(Signed)

6th intercalary moon, YAM SHAN year.

KWOK YIK-CHI CHÚNG MAU-TONG

LI YIK-CHI

NG KIM-TONG

LEUNG TSUNG-TSING

HO SUI-NG

NG TAU-SHÁN

YAM CHI-NAM

CH'AN SUI-T'SUN WAI LONG-SHÁN

T'ONG SING-Ü

LAU WAN-KAI

CH'AN PIK-T‘SÜN

TAM KIT-HING

7

L

GENTLEMEN,

[ LXV]

Appendix 35.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE, 30th August, 1892.

With reference to previous correspondence, I have the honour on behalf of the Committee appointed to inquire into certain points connected with the Pó Léung Kuk, to acquaint you that the Committee has received a communication from the Honourable the Colonial Secretary informing its members "that a petition has been received from the "Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk in which they state their reasons for not appearing "personally before the Committee, in compliance with a request made for their attendance "after their chairman had attended and been examined, to be that their various occupations "will not admit of their personal attendance without extreme inconvenience."

The members of the Committee are well able to appreciate the inconvenience caused to persons, whose time is much occupied, by having to attend to matters which do not directly fall within the sphere of their own business relations, for, in conducting the present inquiry, they themselves are experiencing an inconvenience of that very nature. But, while they are desirous to incommode as little as possible the Directors of the Pó Léung Kuk, they are most anxious to have an opportunity of personally questioning them, or at any rate two or three of the representatives of the Directorate.

Without such personal attendance and without such examination, some of the members of the Committee feel that it will be difficult to form a satisfactory opinion on the draft incorporation bill, which has been referred to them for inquiry and report, and on the general working of the Pó Léung Kuk.

Under these circumstances the Committee feels sure that the Directors will not be unwilling, on further consideration, to attend in person even at the risk of a certain amount of inconvenience, which it is hoped may be minimized by the Directors selecting a day and hour which will be most suitable for them to be present at a meeting of the Committee, and by the Committee endeavouring to render it unnecessary for them to attend on more than one occasion.

The Directors,

PÓ LÉUNG KUK.

SIR,

I have, &c.,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman.

HONGKONG, 20th September, 1892.

We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 30th ultimo, and, in reply, to acquaint you that, owing to the absence from the Colony of some of us, we have not had an earlier opportunity of meeting together to discuss the subject matter thereof. We are very much obliged to your Committee for not wishing to cause us more inconvenience than necessary, but, at the same time, we cannot help expressing our surprise that, after the Committee have had submitted to them from us a memorandum on the working of the Society, and after our Chairman has appeared before them and been examined thereon, they are still desirous of having an opportunity to question two or three of us. We regret that we cannot bring ourselves to agree with

[ LXVI]

those members of the Committee, whose idea is that, without such examination, they will find it difficult to form a satisfactory opinion on the draft incorporation bill, and on the working of the Society, as, in our opinion, unless they treat our memorandum as waste paper, and disbelieve the statement of our Chairman, they should have no difficulty whatever in coming to a conclusion as to whether or not the Society is an institution deserving every support. We have recently presented a petition to His Excellency the Governor regarding the Society, and shall be glad if your Committee will ask to see it.

In conclusion, we may add that we are prepared to answer the charges which have been alleged against the Society as soon as they have been substantiated.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servants,

譚伍王唐劉

劉韋 傑斗星星芸

鄉山東如階 階山

i.e. WAI LONG-SHÁN.

LAU WAN-KÁL.

T'ONG SING-Ü.

WONG SING-TUNG.

NG TAU-SHÁN.

TÁM KIT-HING.

Directors of the Pó Leung Kuk for last year.

Honourable J. H. STEWART Lockhart,

Chairman of the Pó Leung Kuk Enquiry Committee.

Appendix 36.

Memorandum by Mr. Hare, Acting Protector of Chinese, Singapore.

1. The Home was originally part of the Local Hospital. It was converted into a Home at a cost of some $1,000 to $1,500. It contains the Matron's quarters, dormitories holding about 40 inmates, offices and work-rooms for sewing and studies. The Home stands in a large grass compound fenced off with high wooden palisades, about 300 yards by 250 yards in area. Government built the Home.

2. The annual upkeep depends on the number of inmates resident. On the

On the average, we have about 30 inmates. But another part of the Home (segregated from the part used by Residents), is also used by the casuals, some 150 odd a year, so that the annual upkeep really represents the expenses incurred by those who go to the Home temporarily as well as those permanently there. Both together cost, about $250 a month including salaries, &c. See report attached, which gives cost of the girls rescued only.

i

·

[LXVII]

3. The Government subscribes $2,000 a year, and the Chinese subscribe sums varying from $200 up to $500 odd a year. The fact is the Chinese will not subscribe more because they know the Government is sure to pay. In any emergency we can always get sufficient money to meet an extraordinary demand.

4. The staff of the home consists of a lady matron, a watchman, a gardener, an embroidery and needlework teacher, two ayahs and a maid of all work or cook, and a cooly.

5. A Ladies Committee appointed by Government looks after all internal affairs connected with the girls, clothes, bedding, washing, teaching, work, &c.

6. The Pó Léung Kuk,—the Chairman (Protector of Chinese) and others of the Chinese Committee-visit the Home regularly. There is a roster fixed. In cases of marriages they also attend and take the bride to the bridegroom's house: that, here, is held to make the marriage legal. We keep a Register of the girls unmarried with their 'lives.' The Chinese Consul always witnesses these marriages, and signs the Marriage Register. 7. The Home has been found here to be a practical success. Since 1889, 50 of the juvenile inmates have been well married in the town and have given no trouble. The institution is now fully understood by the Chinese and applications for marriage are

. numerous.

8. I enclose, (1) A list of the Inmates of the Home in 1891; (2) Rules of the Pó Léung Kuk; and (3) Regulations for the Establishment of a Home.

(1)

DOMICILED INMATES OF THE CHINESE GIRLS' HOME, KANDANG KERBAU,

for the year 1891.

Daily average number of boarders in the Home, 28.

Diets 10,220-at cents 10 per diet,......

Tea, and extras for the Children,

Oil for lighting,...

Matron's Wages,

Chinese Ayah, Teaching Embroidery,.......................

Do.,

for Cooking,

Gardener, Water Carrier and Watchman,

Singapore, 2nd February, 1892.

Provisions, &c.

Service.

.$1,073.10

36.00

24.00

$ 720.00

144.00

168.00

228.00

TOTAL,..........

$2,393.10

(2)

RULES

FOR THE

SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

1. The object of the Society is to aid in the suppression of the crime of kidnapping and to provide for the rescue and restoration to their families or friends of women and children who may require assistance or protection.

2. The Society shall consist of Members who, being residents of the Colony, subscribe two dollars

a year.

3. The Society shall be managed by a Head Committee sitting in Singapore and by Sub-Com- mittees in Penang and Malacca. Each Committee shall consist of not less than five nor more than ten members. Three members shall form a quorum.

[LXVIII]

4. The Protector of Chinese in Singapore and the Assistant Protector of Chinese in Penang shall be ex-officio members and Chairmen of the Committees in those Settlements, and the Chief Police Officer shall occupy the same position in Malacca.

5. The Committees (with the exception of the ex-officio members) shall be elected annually by sub- scribers of the Society at a meeting to be called in January in each year. Vacancies, in default of election, may

be filled up by nomination of the Governor.

6. The Committee shall elect one of its members to be Secretary and Treasurer, who shall keep a record of the working of the Society, Minutes of the Meetings of the Committee, and the accounts of the Society, which shall be submitted to the Government to be annually audited.

7. The Society will endeavour by correspondence and enquiry to assist in the detection and bringing to justice of persons guilty of kidnapping and kindred offences. It will adopt all available means to restore rescued women and children to their relations, and in case of those who are friendless to make such provision as may be proper for their welfare. The Home already established by the Government in Singapore will be at the disposal of the Society.

8. The Committee may, from time to time, make, vary, or revoke rules for the management of the affairs of the Society and its servants; but no rule shall have effect until it has received the approval of the Governor.

31st March, 1885.

(3)

GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION-No. 785.

The following Regulations made by His Excellency the Governor in Council for the Establishment of a Home as a place of safety under Part II of "The Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance 1888," are published for general information.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

Singapore, 20th December, 1888.

By His Excellency's Command,

A. M. SKINNER, Acting Colonial Secretary.

REGULATIONS

MADE BY

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL

FOR THE

ESTABLISHMENT OF A HOME AS A PLACE OF SAFETY UNDER PART II OF

GIRLS' PROTECTION ORDINANCE 1888."

"THE WOMEN AND

1. The Home established at Kampong Kerbau, Singapore, and the Home at George Town, shall be the places of safety to which the Protector may order any woman or girl to be detained under the provisions of the Ordinance. Until a Home is established at Malacca, women and girls may be sent from Malacca to the Home at Singapore.

2. The Committees at Singapore and George Town, respectively, of the Society known as "Po Leung Kuk" shall have the charge of the management of such Homes.

3. No woman or girl shall leave the Home in which she is detained except under the written order

of the Protector, or unless she is accompanied by the Matron.

4. No woman or girl detained in any Home shall behave in a disorderly or noisy manner.

5. Every woman or girl detained in any Home shall obey all lawful orders and commands of the Matron, and shall perform such work as may reasonably be required of her by the Matron acting under. the general instructions of the Committee of the Po Leung Kuk.

6. The Committee of the Po Leung Kuk may delegate such of their powers of management as the Governor shall from time to time approve to a Committee of Ladies to be nominated by the Governor for that purpose.

FRED. G. PENNEY, Acting Clerk to the Executive Council.

COUNCIL CHAMBER,

Singapore, 19th December, 1888.

L

[LXIX]

Appendix 37.

CASE OF TÁM SÓ-MUI.

Extract from Registrar General's Letter No. 345 of the 28th December, 1891, to the Pó Léung Kuk.

I have detained a girl named TAM Só-MUI, who has applied to be registered as a prostitute, and whom I now send to your Society. I shall be obliged if you will kindly make inquiries, and try to persuade her to lead a virtuous life.

:

Letter No. 3 from the Pó Léung Kuk to the Registrar General, 4th January, 1892.

We are in receipt of your letter No. 345, in which you inform us that you were sending here the prostitute TAM Só-MUI, and request us to try to persuade her to reform, and to report on the case for your information. We have the honour to inform you that the said girl states that she is 18 and a native of the boat-population in Canton; that her parents are dead; and that since the age of 15, she has been a prostitute in the Tái Chiin Brothel-boat near Hoi Chi at Canton. Recently, in consequence of the cold weather and the wind on the river, there have been few feasts at the Brothel. She has, therefore, come to Hongkong to find another resting-place, and wishes to be admitted into the Tsoi Fung Brothel, of which SHO-T'AU MUI is the keeper.

We have repeatedly urged and advised her to reform, but she is firmly attached to a life of prostitution, and her determination is so fixed that even one, possessing the persuasive powers of SHANG KUNG, would labour in vain to change it.

We respectfully submit this for your perusal and decision, and avail ourselves of the occasion to wish for you health and promotion.

Extract from Registrar General's letter No. 1 of the 4th January, 1892, to the Pó Léung Kuk.

As the prostitute TÁM SÓ-MUI does not wish to reform, she may be permitted to go as she wishes.

Extract from Pó Léung Kuk's letter No. 5 to Registrar General, 5th January, 1892.

Further, we are in receipt of your letter No. 1, ordering us to permit TAM SÓ-MUI, the prostitute, to leave as she wishes. We have directed TÁM SÓ-MUI to be taken to your Office to await her discharge.

Extract from Registrar General's letter No 5. of the 5th January, 1892, to the

Pó Léung Kuk.

*

The prostitute TÁM SÓ-MUI has been discharged. Kindly have her name cancelled.

[ LXX]

Appendix 38.

CASE OF TSAU KUNG-WAN AND HIS CONCUBINE.

I.

Letter from Mr. Tsau Wan alias Tsau Kung-wan.

HONG KONG, 27th May, 1892.

The Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD.

DEAR SIR,

Understanding that you are one of the Commissioners appointed to sit and enquire into the affairs of the Pó Leung Kuk, I beg to lay before you my complaint, relating to a woman bought as my concubine, but was afterwards detained and disposed of by the Members of the Pó Léung Kuk for $200.

The case is as follows:--

In the month of July 1891, my wife, by my wish, went to Canton and procured a young woman named LUK MUI as my intended concubine, for whom my wife paid to her mother the sum of $380, on the 6th November. My wife accompanied LUK Mui, left Canton by S.S. Fushun on their way to Hankow. The Fushun arrived Hongkong on the 2nd December.

On the following day, a foreign policeman came on board, and accusing my wife of having kidnapped LUK MUI, my wife and LUK Mur consequently were taken ashore to the Pó Léung Kuk. There they were subjected to many questions, afterwards they were brought before the Registrar General, and after having been questioned by the Registrar General, they were taken away by some of the members of the Pó Léung Kuk, and strong pressure was then put on the said LUK MUI not to marry me, at the same time showing her my photograph, and stating that I was about 75 years old, and that she would be better off by marrying in Hongkong to some younger man. At first she was willing to go to Hankow, until pressure was put on her. She, at last, changed her mind and refused to go with my wife. Although the price my wife paid for the girl was $380, but under threats and advice from Mr. WAI TING-PAN, President of the Pó Léung Kuk, my wife was obliged to receive back $200 only, otherwise she would lose all.

Under the circumstances, therefore, you will see that I have suffered the loss of $180, price paid for the girl, besides $126 expenses for dresses, &c., &c., for the said LUK MUI.

Now, Sir, I think it is but fair and honourable, for the Registrar General or the President of the Pó Léung Kuk, that as soon as they found out the charge of kidnapping was not proved, and the said LUK MUI was legally bought or contracted in the eyes of Chinese law, they should order LUK MUI to be released at once and restoring her to my wife. Instead of which, they illegally detained her, and after pressure put on her causing her to change her mind at last for another man. Now, may I ask, by whose information my wife was charged with kidnapping? Under what authority the said LUK MUI was detained? Has the Registrar General or the President of the Pó. Léung Kuk any power to detain LUK MUI after having found out that she was not kidnapped? By whom the $200 was paid? Has the President the power to resell the said LUK Mur in Hongkong by taking the $200 and then forcing my wife to take it back? Evidently it seems to me it is a sale with authority which is illegal in Hongkong. It is for the above questions, I beg to submit to you my case in the hope that the Commission sitting may take steps to find out the high handed way in which the members of the Pó Léung Kuk manage their affairs, with a view that not only my own grievances may be ventilated,

[LXXI ]

but, that some means should be found to check the actions of the members of the Léung Kuk in future, thereby, that it may not stand in its name only. At present if it is allowed to carry on as it is, I consider it is more mischief done than protection.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Yours faithfully,

TSAU WAN.

II.

Précis of papers connected with case of Tsau Kung-wan and his concubine.

On the 7th December, 1891, a Chinese girl named CHEUNG LUK, aged 15, and a woman named CHEUNG T'SING, aged 51, in whose charge she was, were brought to the Registrar General's Office from the S.S. Fushun by Inspector HORTON* who was duly authorised to go on board that steamer. They both expressed their willingness to pass that night in the Pó Léung Kuk that an opportunity might be given for making enquiries. They were accordingly sent to the Pó Léung Kuk,† and the next day were brought to the Registrar General's Office. After being questioned the girl CHEUNG LUK was sent to the Pó Leung Kuk, the Committee being asked to take care of her until her mother had been communicated with. On the 10th CHEUNG LAU SHI, the mother of CHEUNG LUK, came from Canton to the Pó Leung Kuk, § and, on learning the circumstances of CHEUNG LUK'S detention, returned the same day to Canton. The next day she returned with a written statement (Enclosure A) in which she stated that she was the mother of CHEUNg Luk and wife of CHEUNG SHAM, master of the "Sham Kei" paper-box shop in Canton. In order to defray the expenses attendant on the illness of her husband, they had been com- pelled to pledge their daughter for fifty taels to a marriage-broker, who had ultimately arranged her marriage as fifth concubine with TSAU KUNG-WAN, chief clerk in the Chinese Customs, Hankow, for $290, the greater part of which sum had been expended in paying the loan and in expenses connected with the marriage. Now she had heard that TSAU KUNG-WAN was much older than was originally stated and that CHEUNG TSING on return- ing from Shanghai had brought back a girl whom TSAU KUNG-WAN had refused to take as his concubine, and she desired that her daughter should he given back to her.

On the 12th the directors of the Pó Léung Kuk reported || that CHEUNG LUK positively refused to go to Hankow. They enclosed in their letter a copy of a statement made by CHEUNG T'SING (see Pó Léung Kuk letter No. 363) in which she said that she was the fourth wife of TSAU KUNG-WAN and that her husband was 63 years old and had married seven wives. As CHEUNG LUK, on being brought before the Registrar General, persisted in her refusal to go to Hankow, she was sent back to the Pó Léung Kuk, ¶ and given into the charge of her mother on the 24th December. **

On the 30th of the same month CHEUNG LAU SHI appeared once more at the Pó Léung Kuk. She said that the bridal present on the occasion of her daughter's marriage had been $230, and produced $200 which she asked the directors to hand to CHEUNG T'SING, explaining that she had deducted $30 as the value of the clothes provided for her daughter, which had been kept by CHEUNG T'SING. On the 2nd February CHEUNG T'SING, TSAU WAN-KUK, a distant relative of TSAU KUNG-WAN, and CHEUNG LAU SHI came to the Pó Léung Kuk. The sum of $200 was accepted and the ceremonial cards were cancelled and returned to CHEUNG LAU SHI.†† CHEUNG LUK was afterwards married to an acquaint- ance of her father's, a Chinese doctor named WONG NGOK-TING alias WONG FUK who had studied medicine under Dr. KERR at Canton, the marriage being arranged by her own parents.

* Inspector HORTON'S Report Book.

+ R. G. O. Letter No. 327.

-++ca

R. G. O. Letter No. 328.

P. L. K. No. 201.

P. L. K. Letter No. 363. P. L. K. Letter No. 333. ** P. L. K. Letter No. 34. †† P. L. K. No. 201.

[LXXII]

From enclosures marked C. D. E., translations of which are attached, it appears that this is not the first time that TSAU KUNG-WAN'S name has been before the Chinese Community in Hongkong in connection with his marriages. In 1883 two Cantonese gentlemen, Mr. LAU and Mr. LEUNG, on visiting a brothel in Shanghai, heard one of the inmates crying in her room and recognised the voice as that of a native of the Shuntak district. They entered her room, and on enquiry she told them (see Enclosure C) that her name was CH'AN CHAN and that she had been married as a concubine to TSAU KUNG-WAN at Canton. Some days after the marriage she had been taken to Shanghai by the fourth wife who told her that their husband had preceded them thither, and shortly after her arrival she had been sold to the mistress of the brothel in which she then was, but had refused to prostitute herself. The two gentlemen interested themselves in the matter, and, through their efforts, she was redeemed from the brothel, a sum of $400 being paid to the mistress, was provided with clothes, and sent to the Tung Wa Hospital at Hongkong.

;

CH AN TSAI-CH'ÜN a native of the same village as CH'AN CHAN, who has been en- gaged in the "Sain Shing" lacquer-ware shop in Hongkong for 20 years, was sent for and took her home to her parents, after entering into a bond (see Enclosure E). CH‘AN TSAI-CH'ÜN is still in Hongkong and his statement will be found in Enclosure D. From a statement made by Mr. WONG YUNG CHING, son of Mr. WONG SHING, it also appears that the fourth wife of TSAU KUNG-WAN was connected with a somewhat similar trans- action when four Cantonese girls were brought by her to Shanghai ostensibly to be . married to TSAU KUNG-WAN by whom they were seduced. Two of them afterwards married Cantonese policemen; the other two were put in brothels. One of the girls brought her case to the notice of the Magistrate of the Mixed Court by whom it was referred to the KWONG SHIU KUNG SHO, in whose archives a record of the case is believed still to exist.

A. W. BREWIN, Acting Assistant Registrar General.

17th October, 1892.

Extract from Registrar General's letter No. 327 to Pó Léung Kuk, 7th December, 1891.

I now send to your Society a girl CHEUNG LUK and a woman CHEUNG T'SING, who were brought from the steamer Fu Shun, and I shall feel obliged, if you will report on their case, and send them to my office to-morrow,

Extract from Registrar General's letter No. 328 to Pó Léung Kuk, 8th December, 1891.

I am sending back the girl CHEUNG LUK to be under the charge of your Society until her mother arrives when her case will be decided. If CHEUNG T'SING wants to go, she may; but there is no objection to her remaining if she wishes to do so.

Extract from Pó Léung Kuk's letter No. 363 to Registrar General, 12th December, 1891.

CHEUNG LUK has been sent back and we are in receipt of your letter No. 328 in which you instruct us that she must await here the arrival of her mother, before her case can be decided. We are informed that CHEUNG LUK has been purchased from her mother by CHEUNG T'SING for $290 with the intention of taking her to Hankow to be the concubine of her husband TSAU KUNG-WAN. The mother of CHEUNG LUK has come to our office

1

-

[ LXXIII]

and stated that her family was in very great poverty and that she had been thus compelled to send her daughter to a distant place to be married. As the girl CHEUNG LUK positively refuses to accompany CHEUNG TSING to Hankow, we have ordered an officer to take CHEUNG LUK and her mother CHEUNG LAU SHI to your office and have directed CHEUNG T'SING also to attend there. We respectfully await your decision.

*

CHEUNG T'SING states:-I am 51 years of age and a native of Fa Ün. I am married to TSAU KUNG-WAN, who is aged 63 and is principal clerk in the Custom House in Hankow. I am his fourth concubine. My eldest son is CHO HANG. He is at present in the Kung Tai Hong Printing Office in Hankow. My second son keeps a druggist shop in Kwo Ló Wan in Macao; and my third son is studying English in a school in Shanghai. I returned to Canton with my husband's younger brother TSAU WAN-KUK on the 13th of the 6th moon of this year (18th July, 1891), and married (on behalf of my husband) LUK MUI the sixth daughter of CHEUNG SHAM KI, who keeps a paper-box shop in Má Tsó-pó, to be his concubine. The go-between, who negotiated this marriage, LUK SHAM, lives in Wai Ün Yik in Canton. I have paid $290 for her. The marriage was contracted on the 7th of the 10th moon (8th November, 1891), and she lived with me in P'ún Lung Lane at the back of No. 10 Ward. On the 1st of this moon (3rd January, 1892), I and my husband's younger brother together with CHEUNG LUK-MUI and an amah went on board the S.S. Fu Shun. After the arrival of this steamer at Hongkong it received some damage by a storm, and I had decided to move our luggage to the S.S. Meifoo to-day. The amah had asked me to find security and to increase her wages to $6 a month and. I refused. Thereupon she unexpectedly went ashore, and later on, for some reason, she brought a constable, who took me and CHEUNG LUK-MUI here. My husband first married LI SHI to be his first wife, and on her death married PAU SHI. The second concubine LAM SHI, the third LEUNG SHI, and the fourth CHEUNG SHI were all prostitutes. The fifth concubine CHAU SHI is small footed and a native of Shun Tak. The sixth concubine CH'AN SHI was a prostitute in Ló Ki Cheung in Shanghai, and the seventh concubine CH'AN SHI is also small-footed. They all live in Tong Fong in Canton. Now CHEUNG LUK-MUI of Hoi Ping has been married as fifth concubine.

CHEUNG LUK states: -I am aged 15 and a native of Hoi Ping. I lived in Má Tsó-pó. My father is named SHAM. He keeps the Cheung Sham Kei paper-box shop in Má Tó-pó. My mother is surnamed LAU. She is small-footed. The woman who took me down to Hongkong is also surnamed CHEUNG. I call her Sz Nár. She is now taking me to Hankow to be married to her husband TSAU. My mother has received $290 as my price. I am very grateful for being informed of the conduct of this woman on a previous occasion. I beg that my mother may be sent for to this Society.

Registrar General's letter No. 333 to Pó Léung Kuk, 12th December, 1891.

CHEUNG LUK positively refuses to go to Hankow. I therefore send her to you and request you to kindly take care of her for the present.

Extract from Pó Leung Kuk's letter No. 34 to Registrar General, 25th January, 1892.

LIST.

CHEUNG LUK. This girl was handed over to her mother CHEUNG LAU-SHI on the 24th December, 1891.

*

T

[LXXIV]

Extract from Pó Léung Kuk's letter No. 201 to Registrar General, 20th May 1892.

CHEUNG LUK and the woman CHEUNG TSING who were, according to the latter's statement, the concubines of TSAU KUNG-WAN, were sent to the Society on the 8th December, 1891, and we received at the same time letter No. 328 informing us that CHEUNG LUK was to await the arrival of her mother in Hongkong before her case could be decided; and that CHEUNG T'SING might be allowed to leave if she desired to do so. On the 10th CHEUNG LAU SHI, the mother of CHEUNG LUK, came to the Society where she learned of the circumstances under which CHEUNG LUK had been detained. She then went back to Canton and the next day she returned and presented a written state- ment that CHEUNG T'SING had deceived her into contracting an unfortunate marriage for her younger daughter to a very old man, and requesting that CHEUNG LUK might be restored to her that she might be married to another person and promising to return to CHEUNG T'SING the betrothal money which she had received from her. She also presented a statement written on behalf of CHEUNG LUK explaining her grievances. We questioned CHEUNG LUK, and she positively and firmly refused to accompany CHEUNG T'SING to Hankow to be married to that old man. On the 12th, we gave instructions to have CHEUNG LUK and CHEUNG LAU SHI taken to your Office and reported on the case to you in our letter No. 363.

CHEUNG LUK was then sent back to us with your letter No. 333 stating that CHEUNG LUK had refused to go to Hankow and directing us to take care of her temporarily. The next day CHEUNG LAU SHI left and on going said that after she had found some relatives she would return and ask that her daughter CHEUNG LUK might be handed over to her to be taken home, probably with the intention of more easily selecting a son-in-law. On the 24th CHEUNG LAU SHI returned, and, after making a full statement, asked permission to take CHEUNG LUK to Canton to select a husband, and said that after her daughter had been married, she would come and report to the Society. Having ascertained that her statements were true, we immediately complied with her request and then repaired to your Office and informed you of it. On the 3rd CHEUNG LAU SHI came to Hongkong and visited the Society. She produced $200 which she said was the betrothal money of her daughter CHEUNG LUK. Originally the betrothal money was $230, but the clothes which had been bought for her, had been all taken away by CHEUNG T'SING, and she had therefore been compelled to deduct $30 in order to partially provide for a bridal outfit. She asked that the remaining $200 might be temporarily kept for her and that when CHEUNG T'SING came, we should try to persuade her to accept the $200.

On the 2nd February, 1892, CHEUNG LAU SHI and CHEUNG T'SING with TSAU WAN-KUK, a relative of TSAU KUNG-WAN came to the Society on the same day. We thereupon produced the $200 of CHEUNG LUK's betrothal money deposited with us by CHEUNG LAU SHI and informed CHEUNG T'SING and TSAU WAN-KUK of what CHEUNG LAU SHI had said about providing for the expenses of her daughter's marriage. Both CHEUNG T'SING and TSAU WAN-KUK agreed without hesitation to this. CHEUNG T'SING then received back the $200 betrothal money and produced CHEUNG LUK's presentation card and her betrothal present card and they were cancelled by TSAU WAN-KUK and signed by CHEUNG T'SING with her finger mark and handed back to CHEUNG LAU SHI. This case was thus settled.

In answer to your request we now respectfully beg to submit a full account of the way in which the case was dealt with from the commencement to the end and as in duty bound, we also forward for your perusal a copy of the statements of CHEUNG LAU SHI and CHEUNG LUK on record in our Office and present our best compliments to you.

* See Paper A.

† See Paper B.

#

[ LXXV ]

(A)

Statement of Cheung Lau Shi.

CHEUNG LAU SHI states:-I live in the Sham Kei Paper Box Shop in Má Tsó Pó in Canton. My daughter was induced under false pretences to marry an old man. As I fear that it will be the cause of injury to her in the future, I beg that a satisfactory decision may be given. My husband keeps a paper box shop in Canton, and has always acted rightly. At the end of the 6th moon of last year (in August, 1890), my husband was very ill, and as we were in extreme poverty, we were obliged to pledge our daughter A LUK for 50 taels to a marriage broker in Pó Wán San Street. The conditions were that we should pay interest at the rate of 3 fan per tael per month, and give 1 tael and 2 mace per month for food. At that time we were in urgent want of money to provide medicine and pay the doctor's fees, and though the interest was heavy, we were obliged to act as we did. In the 7th and 8th moon of this year (August and September, 1891), the broker A K✿ kept pressing me continually for payment of the whole sum, principal and interest, but we could not manage it. In the first decade of the 9th moon (October, 1891), she asked me to go to her house. There I saw a woman sitting who called herself Mrs. CHeung No. 4. She said that her husband TSAU KUNG-WAN was over 50 years of age and was Chief Clerk in the Custom House of Hankow. He wished to take a concubine and she was asked to choose a girl to be his fifth concubine. He would pay $290 as a betrothal present. I considered that the place was very far away and I hesitated to come to a decision, but as A Kú kept pressing me continually for payment of the money, I was compelled to consent to the betrothal of my daughter to be TSAU KUNG-WAN's concubine. After deducting the 50 taels borrowed from A KÚ, the interest on the loan, the cost of my daughter's food, cosmetics, the broker's regular commission and the sum extracted from me in addition, there did not remain as much as 100 dollars of the betrothal money, and this I used to prepare the bridal necessaries for my daughter. On the 1st of this moon (1st December, 1891), Mrs. CHEUNG NO. 4 took my daughter with her on board the Shanghai steamer. On reaching Hongkong, the steamer had to be laid up owing to damages received in a storm. Subsequently the English Official despatched a Constable on board to search for kidnappers and we were summoned for investigation and then sent to the Pó Léung Kuk. As my At first I did daughter is betrothed, she ought to keep to her engagement, but she now refuses to do so. not expect that she would not like to marry TSAU KUNG-Wan. I now, to my surprise, hear that TSAU KUNG-WAN is a man of over 60 years of age and not a little over 50 as was said, and that in the 6th moɔn of the present year (July, 1891), on Mrs. CHEUNG No. 4 returning from Shanghai, she brought back to Canton a woman whom Mr. TSAU refused to take as his concubine. I am afraid from this that future misfortune may be brought on my daughter. I beg you, gentlemen, to do justice to her and rescue her, or to give her back to me to be betrothed again, so that the betrothal money which I may receive, may be returned to Mrs. CHEUNG, who I hope will not refuse to accept it. In this way my daughter will not be compelled to marry against her will.

CHEUNG LAU SHI,

10th December, 1891.

her mark.

Signed by CHEUNG KWOK-TSEUNG

on her behalf.

Statement of the loan borrowed from the marriage broker Wong, to secure repayment of which my daughter was pledged to her in the 6th moon of the 16th year of Kwong Sui (July and August, 1890).

Amount of loan,

Interest of above at the rate of 3 fan per tael per mouth, for 17 months,

To food for daughter whilst in lender's house at 1 tael and 2 mace per month, for 17 months,.. Re-paid to Mr. KONG,......

Broker's fee,......

Hush money,

Expenses for Cosmetics,

Bridal Outfit,

Betrothal money $290~~

Balance,...

taels 50. 0. 0

25. 5. O

""

....

20. 4. 0

""

15. 0. 0

""

20. 1. 6

وو

7. 2. 0

10. 0. 0

22

25. 9. 2

174. 1. 8

taels 208. 8. 9

34. 6. 2

Paid by CHEUNG SHAM to Mr. KONG as interest (rate 3 fan per tacl), and for sundry cxpenses more than 20 taels.

Balance in hand after the marriage of my daughter a little over 5 taels.

[ LXXVI]

(B)

Statement of Cheung Luk.

CHEUNG LUK states:-My family was poor and was pressed for payment of debts. Pressure was put on me to marry an old man. I am unwilling to do so, and I beg that justice may be done to me. I used to live with my mother LAU SHI and father CHEUNG SHAM in Má Tsó Pó, outside the West Gate. The family lived in great poverty. My father was dangerously ill in the 6th moon of last year (July- August, 1890), so I was pledged to a marriage broker, WONG A KÚ, for 50 taels at the rate of 3 fan interest per tael per month. One tael and two mace were to be paid per month for food. A short time ago, A Kú pressed my mother for the payment of the loan of money and introduced me to a woman Mrs. CHEUNG, a fourth concubine. She said her husband TSAU KUNG-WAN was 50 years of age and was Chief Clerk in the Custom House of Hankow. He wished to marry a fifth concubine. When she saw me, she took a liking to me and took me to a Mrs. TSAU's house in the tenth ward. When I was living in her house, I heard that he had seven concubines, but as my fate was so destined, I could say nothing, but only wished to live comfortably. On the 1st of the present moon (1st December, 1891), I and the servant A SHIN took passage on board a Shanghai steamer. After arriving at Hongkong, the steamer was damaged by a storm and had to be laid up there. Mrs. CHEUNG came to Hongkong by a night steamer to catch the Shanghai steamer. Unexpectedly, the Hongkong Authorities sent a Constable to bring me to Court for investigation. I was then frightened, not knowing that the reason for this action was a desire to detect kidnapping cases and protect women and girls. Now, I have heard the questions put to Mrs. CHEUNG and her answers, and I understand that her husband TSAU KUNG-WAN is an old man of over 60 years of age. His life is like the light of a candle flickering in the wind about to be extinguished. I feel sad and disappointed. Further I remember that the words spoken by Mrs. CHEUNG are different on different occasions and false, and that the proceedings between the marriage broker and Mrs. CHEUNG were suspicious. In case any misfortune should happen afterwards, I shall be left in a distant place. What shall I have to rely on? So after deep consideration I refuse to go and I beg that my statement be submitted to the English Authorities in order that I may be rescued from a danger which would affect my whole life. I shall be ever grateful.

CHEUNG LUK,

her mark.

Signed by CHEUNG KWOK-TSEUNG, the father of CHEUNG LUK,

on her behalf.

10th December, 1891.

(C)

Statement of Ch'an Chan.

CH'AN CHAN states:-I am now 24 years of age and a native of Nám Long in Shun Tak. My father is named KÜT YAN, and my mother LEUNG ON. I have no elder brother but one younger brother named SHAU KI, and one younger sister A. Lin. My parents are poor, and so they took me to Canton to be married as a concubine to Mr. TSAU KUNG-WAN. I heard some one call him TSAU WAN-KUNG. After my marriage, I slept with him several nights, but not so long as a month. He had a concubine, who told me to call her SZ NAI (lit. concubine No. 4). She informed me that our husband had gone to Shanghai, and that she would take me there. Afterwards she went with me to Shanghai, where, for some reason, she sold me to a brothel. I was originally small footed, but owing to my feet not being tightly bound, they were four or five inches long. Sz NAI told me to remove the bandage from my feet, and put on large shoes, and told me to become a prostitute in a brothel in Sz Ma Lo. I was not willing to be a prostitute, and one night on the brothel-keeper telling me to receive a visitor, I refused to leave my room and began to cry there. Two gentlemen named LAU and LEUNG heard me crying and speaking the Shun Tak dialect. They asked me my story and I told them. They told me there was no need to be frightened, and asked me for how much I was sold to the brothel. I told them that I did not know, and begged them to rescue The next day, Mr. LAU and Mr. LEUNG came with a number of men. Some said that they were constables, but I do not know whether that was so or not. They took me at once to a large house, which looked like an official's house. There were several gentlemen there and Mr. LAU asked me to go forward, and to kowtow to them. Afterwards I saw Mr. LAU and Mr. LEUNG hand $400 to the keeper. They said that there was really no need for them to give her a cash, and that it was merely because they wished to do a benevolent deed that they gave the $400 to her. The keeper took away all my clothes and ornaments, and it was not until Mr. LAU and Mr. LEUNG had bought some clothes for me that I could go on board the steamer. I am very thankful to Mr. Lau and Mr. LEUNG for bringing me to the Tung Wa Hospital, and I beg the Directors to inquire for me whether there is any one who belongs to the Nám Long village doing business in Hongkong, and if there is I beg that he may be asked to come and see me, so that I may ask him to undertake to take me home, for which I shall be very grateful.

me.

[ LXXVII]

(D.)

Statement of Ch'an Tsai-ch'in (7th June, 1892).

CH'AN TSAI-CH'ÜN states :-I am engaged in the Sam Shing Japanese Lacquerware shop. I have been there more than 20 years. I am a native of Nám Long in the Shun Tak District. I remember the Kwai Mi Year, (1883). In that year a young girl, CH'AN CHAN, was brought from Shanghai to Hongkong. At that time I was not in Hongkong, but Mr. LEUNG ON wrote to me and asked me to come from the country. Mr. LI TAK-CH'EUNG also took an interest in the matter. The letter told me there was a young girl in the Tung Wa Hospital, who belonged to my native place, and he wanted me to see if that was the case. I came to Hongkong and went to the Tung Wa Hospital. I saw the girl there and I asked her about her case. I recognised her at once as CH'AN Chan. She told me she went to her aunt's (A-1)

to be married. She was married to TSAU KUNG-WAN as the 4th concubine. This was in Canton, and the marriage was celebrated in the house of her aunt (A-1). She was then taken to Shanghai. She had not been there a month when she was sold into a brothel by TSAU KUNG-WAN. She had not been in the brothel long--a month-when she happened fortunately to meet Mr. LAU and Mr. LEUNG. Mr. LAU's name was SHUT-TING. He was father of a TSUN-SZ. Mr. LEUNG was the 2nd son of LEUNG ON. He is in Hongkong and was in the Shiu Hing Company. The two men met the girl in a brothel. They heard her crying and having found out the facts of her case redeemed her with a sum of money and brought her to Hongkong and handed her over to the Tung Wa Hospital. I saw her in the hospital, and, at the request of the Directors, I took the girl back to Nám Long. I signed the document produced (marked A) and chopped it with the chop of the Sam Shing firm. The document is dated Kwai Mi year, 7th moon 21st day. (23rd August, 1883).

(Signed) 川濟陳

i.e. CH AN TSAI-CH'ÜN.

(E.)

This bond is made by Ch'an Tsai-ch‘ün.

Whereas the girl, named CHAN, was married sometime ago as a concubine to TSAU KUNG-WAN in Canton, and was taken to Shanghai within ten days after the marriage, and whereas the said girl was, for some unknown reason, afterwards rejected and sent to a brothel in Sz Ma Lei; and being unwilling to lead such a life, was rescued by LAU and LEUNG, who generously gave her money, and saved her and took her to the Tung Wa Hospital in Hongkong, in order to be handed over to her relatives. Now, I being her clansman, make this bond, and I undertake to take her to her native village, and hand her back to her parents so that the family may be reunited—a favour for which, not only A CHAN, but her parents and other relatives will be ever grateful. This bond is made, and handed over to the Tung Wa Hospital for record.

(Signed)

CHAN TSAI-CHÜN, Chop SÁM-SHING-WING.

21st day of the 7th moon in the Kwai Mi Year, (23rd August, 1883).

(F.)

Statement of Wong Yung-ching.

Mr. WONG YUNG-TS'ING states:-About two years ago when I was in Shanghai in the China Merchants' Office, I was a member of the Kwong Shiu Kung Sho. I remember a case in which the 4th wife of a gentleman called TSAU KUNG-WAN alias TSAU WAN-KUNG brought four Cantonese girls to Shanghai. The girls were brought to Shanghai ostensibly to be married, but as a matter of fact the girls were all seduced by TSAU KUNG-WAN. Afterwards two of them married two Cantonese policemen, and two others were put in brothels. The case was brought by one of the girls before the Kwong Shiu Kung Sho. That is how we got to know the matter. There is a record of this, I think, in the Kwong Shiu Kung Sho.

The case was brought first before the Mixed Court Magistrate who referred it to the Kwong Shiu Kung Sho. The feeling against TSAU KUNG-WAN among the Cantonese in Shanghai at that time

was very strong.

(Signed)

WONG YUNG CHING.

[LXXVIII]

Appendix 39.

EXTRACTS FROM THE

CORRESPONDENCE RESPECTING THE ALLEGED EXISTENCE OF CHINESE SLAVERY IN HONGKONG.

PRESENTED TO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BY COMMAND OF HER MAJESTY, MARCH 1882.

No. 1.

Governor J. Pope Hennessy; C.M.G., to the Right Hon. Sir Michael

Hicks Beach, Bart.

GOVERNMENT HOUSE,

HONGKONG, January 23rd, 1880.

SIR,

*

13. Three or four months after this incident occurred some of the leading Chinese residents presented a memorial to me, praying that they might be allowed to form an association for suppressing kidnapping and traffic in human beings. They recited the fact that repressive measures had repeatedly been taken against the crime of kidnapping, but that much still remained to be done as girls were being forced to become prostitutes and boys were being sold to become adopted children. I have the honour to enclose, for

your

information, a copy of this memorial, and of the various minutes and proceed- ings in connection with it.

14. In my minute of the 12th of November 1878 I expressed the opinion that this was a very praiseworthy proceeding on the part of the Native gentlemen who originated it, and I gave instructions that a committee should be formed of the two Police Magis- trates, the Captain-Superintendent of Police, and Dr. EITEL, together with the leading petitioners, to draw up for my approval some scheme for checking the crime of kid- napping.

15. On the 3rd of October last the committee completed their labours and forwarded their proposed scheme to the Colonial Secretary. I shall submit some observations to

you

in a separate Despatch on the details of this scheme. Speaking generally, it shows an earnest desire on the part of the Government officers, as well as the Chinese gentle- men on the committee, to put down the evils to which the latter drew my attention in their memorial.

*

*

Memorial of Chinese Merchants, &c., praying to be allowed to form an Association for suppressing kidnapping and traffic in human beings.

To His Excellency the Governor.

The humble petition of the undersigned residents and merchants of Hongkong, being natives of the Tung-kún district, viz. LO LAI-P'ING, SHI SHANG- KAI, FUNG MING-SHÁN, TSE TÁT-SHING, and others, of Bonham Strand, No. 3, in the matter of uniting to offer rewards on account of the daily increase of crimes of kidnapping, praying for the issue of a warrant with a view to make endeavours to stop these crimes, and to pacify the well- behaved people,

Showeth,

That there are strict regulations in Hongkong forbidding the sale of honest people through kidnapping or deceit, and that, thanks to His Excellency the Governor repeatedly

!

[LXXIX]

taking repressive measures against kidnappers, the latter know well that they must be careful as to their movements, and consequently this great evil became well nigh extinguished.

That, however, quite lately the minds of some people have become perverted in deceit, pretending to obey the law and secretly disobeying it, pursuing a dangerous secret game, and moving about between east and west, the worst being go-betweens and old women who have houses for the detention of kidnapped people, and, as it may be, inveigle virtuous women or girls to come to Hongkong, at first deceiving them by the promise of finding them employment (as domestic servants), and then proceeding to compel them by force to become prostitutes, or exporting them to a foreign port, or distribute them by sale over the different ports of China, boys being sold to become adopted children, girls being sold to be trained for prostitution, it being altogether impossible to explain in detail all their varied plans of wickedness.

That your Petitioners are of opinion that such wicked people are to be found belonging to any of the (neighbouring) districts, but in our district of Tung-kún such cases of kidnapping are comparatively more frequent, and all the merchants of Hong- kong, without exception, are expressing their annoyance.

That, therefore, a meeting for the discussion of the matter has been held, and it is proposed to raise subscriptions, which may either be paid into the Colonial Treasury or entrusted to some house of business, to facilitate general publication of offers of reward, and the employment of special detectives with a view to eventually stamp out this crime of kidnapping, and to make it impossible for the kidnappers to carry on their tricks.

That, moreover, we, natives of Tung-kún, can get comparatively more reliable information regarding Tung-kún kidnappers, leaving no room for miscarriage of justice.

That this, however, being a matter of repressing the dishonest and protecting the honest, may be an interference with official regulations, wherefore your Petitioners dare not proceed in the matter without a warrant from your Excellency (authorising them to do so), and your Petitioners are thus constrained to present this present petition conjointly, humbly praying that your Excellency may be pleased to yield to the wishes of the people, and issue a warrant to authorise your Petitioners at all times to institute inquiries, and, if they meet with kidnappers, immediately to request the co-operation of the police in arresting them and forwarding them to the proper tribunal to be tried and severely dealt with, those who succeed in arresting kidnappers receiving a reward, and the kidnapped persons being supplied with means to return to their homes, whereby honest people will be saved from ruin, and kidnappers will be unable to carry out their schemes at random; thus also our native city will be benefited, and Hongkong will derive equal advantage.

And your Petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray.

Appended are five regulations which are respectfully submitted to His Excellency. In the fourth year of Kwangsui, 1878.

[Here follow the Stamps of 62 different Shops.]

Hongkong, 9th November 1878.

Translated by E. J. EITEL.

Enclosure in Petition of Messrs. Lò Lai-p'ing, Shi Shang-kái, Fung Ming-shán, Tsé-Tat-shing, and others.

1. Kidnapping is a crime which is to be found everywhere, but there is no place where it is more rife than Hongkong, nor is there a time when it developed so rapidly as of late, the reason being that there have been floods and drought alternating for some

[LXXX]

years, whereby many of the people were impoverished. Thus it happened that evil- disposed persons had an opportunity to set their wicked plans for inveigling and kid- napping people in operation. Ignorant women fell an easy prey to their schemes. If once they entered the trap there were but few who could extricate themselves again.

Now it is proposed to publish everywhere offers of reward to track such kidnappers and have them arrested. If once they are in custody they will be severely dealt with. Perhaps these kidnappers, hearing this news, will mend their ways. Thus the grace and favour of His Excellency the Governor will not only put under obligation the people of Hongkong, but all the poor people of the inland districts will, with one voice, praise his goodness.

2. Hongkong is the emporium and thoroughfare for all the neighbouring ports. Therefore those kidnappers frequent Hongkong much, it being a place where it is easy to buy and to sell, and where effective means are at hand to make good a speedy escape. Now, the laws of Hongkong being based on the principle of liberty of the person, the kidnappers take advantage of this to further their own plans. Thus they use with their victims honeyed speeches, and give them trifling profits, or they use threats and stern words, all in order to induce them to say they are willing to do so and so.

Even if they' are confronted with witnesses it is difficult to show up their wicked game. Now we, the undersigned, will use natives of the Tung-kún district to track the kidnappers of Tung-kún, and although their wicked schemes are very deep, yet they will find it difficult to escape a careful search.

3. The undersigned merchants, engaged here in trade for many years past, have lately noticed that the crimes of kidnapping are increasing from day to day. Many of both the kidnappers and of their kidnapped victims are natives of our native district (Tung-kún). Seeing this to be the state of affairs, it is unbearable to think that these villains take this hospitable Colony for a convenient refuge. A meeting has therefore been held, and it is proposed to raise subscriptions with a view to publish everywhere offers of reward. For every one who brings a kidnapper to trial, whether man or woman, provided they (the kidnappers) are Tung-kún people, and irrespective of the place to which the kidnapped persons may belong, there will be, for each person brought to trial and sentenced, a reward paid to the amount of 20 dollars, and if the kidnapped persons are natives of the Tung-kún district, and the kidnappers belong to other districts, the reward will also be paid as above.

4. The money raised has been subscribed by Tung-kún people, and it will be settled hereafter where the money is to be deposited. But three persons of good repute will be elected to act as managers; and when any case of kidnapping turns up, as soon as the case is tried and proved, the amount of the reward will forthwith be paid by the managers; and as regards the kidnapped persons, whether they came far or near, the managers will arrange and provide means for their being sent back to their homes.

5. This statement has originally been drawn up with a view to be forwarded as a petition which may be kept on record, praying that the Government issue a warrant. For the kidnappers keep their movements enveloped in secrecy; but if, on information being obtained, the authorities have first to be requested to send detectives to inquire or arrest, it will necessarily take some days, and the kidnappers will meanwhile make good their escape. It is therefore necessary to request the Government to issue a warrant, so that the moment information is given the kidnappers can then and there be given into custody on the spot, whereby the kidnappers will all at once be deprived of their resources and be unable to escape. Should this arrangement be carried out kidnapping will soon be stamped out.

Translated by E. J. EITEL.

Hongkong, 9th November 1878.

[LXXXI]

Suggestions by Mr. John J. Francis for the Organization of the proposed Chinese Society for the Protection of Women and Children.

1. That the promoters form themselves into a Company under "The Companies Ordinance, 1865." Any seven persons associated together for any lawful purpose may do this. It need not necessarily be for any trading or manufacturing purpose.

2. All subscribers of 10 dollars to the funds of the Association should be members thereof, with power to vote, &c., but should not be liable for any further subscriptions or for any contribution during the existence of the Society, but, in the event of the Company being wound up, and money being needed to pay off any liabilities, all existing members ought to become liable to pay a further sum of 10 dollars each.

(a.) This would be a Society or Company limited by guarantee.

(b.) The advantages of forming a company are manifold. The Association

would thus obtain-

Corporate existence and definite legal status, Perpetual succession,

A common seal.

and with this, more prompt and cordial recognition from the Government and the public.

3. That the objects of the Society should be the protection of women and children generally :-

1. By labouring for the suppression and detection of kidnapping and kid-

nappers.

2. By undertaking the restoration to their homes of all women and children decoyed or kidnapped into the Colony for purposes of prostitution, emigration, or slavery.

3. By providing for the maintenance and support of women and children

pending investigation and restoration to their homes.

4. By undertaking to marry or set out in life women and children who could

not safely be returned to their homes or families.

The establishment of a refuge for homeless women and children.

The raising of funds for all or any of these purposes.

The propagation by books, fly sheets, &c. &c., of a knowledge of the English law on the subject of kidnapping and slavery among the Chinese here and on the mainland. 4. That the Society be managed by a Committee of seven members. The first members to be the signers of the memorandum of association. Two to retire annually, and their places to be filled by election by the votes of the shareholders.

5. That the Governor have a veto on the election of any member.

6. That the proceedings of the Committee be regularly recorded in detail, and be always open to inspection of the Government.

7. That annual accounts be furnished to the Government.

8. That the Society engages and pays its own officers and detectives, who, if approved by the Government, and guaranteed by the Society in the sum of $100 each, be sworn in as special constables, but to be used for the sole purpose of suppressing kidnapping and detecting kidnappers.

Such detectives to report daily to the police superintendent, but not to be otherwise under his orders.

.

I

[LXXXII]

9. That all rewards be paid by Government out of Government funds under existing regulations, upon the recommendation of a judge or magistrate.

An

There are many other points that would have to be considered and provided for, but here is, I think, a framework upon which all else needful could be built. Association thus constituted would have a position and standing before the Government and public which would entitle it to great consideration and liberal support.

The Government would have a substantial entity to deal with, solid guarantees against the abuse of any powers it might confer, and legalized means of contracting and directing.

The subscribers would have legal rights, and could exercise efficient supervision over of the management of the institution and the disposal of its funds.

Subscriptions would be voluntary, and no liability to pay would arise, except in the event of the Company being wound up and unable to pay its debts.

SIR,

Copy of Letter from Chinese Secretary to Colonial Secretary.

HONGKONG, 3rd October, 1879.

I have the honour to address you in the name of the Committee appointed by His Excellency the Governor, under date of 12th November 1878, to inquire, in concert with certain Chinese gentlemen, into the matter referred to in their petition of 11th. November 1878 (C.S.O. 2641), and to draw up some scheme, for the approval of His Excellency, to check the crime of kidnapping.

The Committee now submit to His Excellency the papers I forward under this enclosure, which contain not only information as to the character and extent of kidnapping practised in Hongkong, but also a detailed scheme for the suppression of this crime by means of the aid which an organized Native Society for the protection of women and children would render to the Executive.

The Committee beg to urge upon His Excellency the Governor to sanction the proposed Association, and to authorise the Chinese gentlemen who are the promoters of this excellent organization to take the necessary steps to carry out their ideas.

The Honourable W. H. MARSH,

&c.,

Colonial Secretary,

&C.,

&c.

I have, &c.,

E. J. EITEL.

Minute by His Excellency the Governor.

I shall have much pleasure in submitting the details of the proposed Association for the consideration of Sir Michael Hicks-Beach.

I have recently expressed to Mr. FUNG MING SHAN and the other Chinese gentlemen who nearly 12 months ago brought this important matter to my notice my best thanks. for their valuable co-operation in checking kidnapping and the disgraceful traffic in human beings.

7th October 1879.

J. POPE HENNESSY.

[LXXXIII]

N. 3.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Kimberley to Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G.

SIR,

DOWNING STREET, 20th May 1880.

1. I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Despatch of the 23rd of January, and enclosures, including the extrajudicial declaration of Chief Justice Sir JOHN SMALE as to "Slavery in Hongkong."

2. The points presenting themselves for consideration in these papers are—

a. kidnapping,

*

*

*

4. With regard to kidnapping, the provisions of the local law (Ordinances 4 of 1865, and 2 of 1875) ought to be sufficiently stringent, but it appears that the practice being on the increase certain Chinese gentlemen in November 1878 asked permission to form themselves into an association for its prevention, and that a committee appointed by you to inquire into the subject suggested that the petitioners should form themselves into a company for the purpose under the "Companies Ordinance 1865.". It does not appear that anything further has been done in the matter, and I regret that so much valuable time has been lost. I therefore request that you will at once thank these Chinese gentlemen for their offers of assistance in repressing this form of crime, and that you will allow them to form themselves into an association of whatever kind they desire. But, in order to obtain official recognition, its rules and organisation should be made known to and approved by the Colonial Government. You will, of course, give them such assistance as you may find practicable, and especially you will instruct the police to co-operate with them in bringing to justice all offenders whom they may succeed in tracing. If the association as at first organised should be found insufficient it will be time then to consider what other steps should be taken.

*

*

*

*

*

No. 6.

Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G., to the Right Hon. the Earl of Kimberley.

MY LORD,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 23rd June 1880.

In the Despatch of the 20th ultimo, relating to kidnapping and similar offences affecting the freedom of Chinese women and children, your Lordship desires me to thank the Chinese gentlemen of the Colony who offered their essistance to the Govern- ment, and wished to form a Society for checking such crimes; and you instruct me to allow them to form themselves into a Society or Association, of whatever kind they desire, with that object, subject to the approval of the Colonial Government.

2. Your Lordship's decision on this point will, I have no doubt, be received with great satisfaction by the whole community, as it has been by myself and my advisers. The Chinese gentlemen in question have already expressed much gratification at finding their views and labours appreciated by Her Majesty's Government.

3. In connection, however, with the formation of such a Society, a slight misconcep- tion has arisen, for which I am probably to blame. Your Lordship says, in the Despatch of the 20th of May 1880, "It does not appear that anything further has been

[LXXXIV]

"done in the matter (the offer of the Chinese to form themselves into a Society for the "Protection of Women and Children), and I regret that so much valuable time has "been lost." In my Despatch of the 23rd of January last I ought to have mentioned that, whilst awaiting the decision of the Secretary of State on the specific proposal therein submitted, I had taken the responsibility of allowing these Chinese gentlemen to constitute themselves provisionally and informally into a Society of the kind; and from time to time the local Government have obtained practical assistance from them. For instance, in the enclosed papers your Lordship will see that Mr. Consul GILES, writing from Amoy on the 30th of April, calls the attention of the Hongkong Government to a suspicious case in which a child was sent to this Colony. After a reference to the head of the police and the emigration officer, the case was put, on the 10th of May, before the Chinese Society for the Protection of Women and Children; the Attorney General advised that the child should be detained (though he did not think that a case of kid- napping had been made out) pending the enquiries of the Society. Those enquiries elicited all the necessary facts. Mr. FUNG MING SHAN and the other gentlemen of the Society were duly thanked in a letter from the Acting Colonial Secretary on the 31st of May, and in a few days after the child was restored to the custody of his relatives.

e

4. The rules and organisation of the Society have been under the consideration of Mr. NG CHOY, and they will be submitted before long to Mr. O'MALLEY, the Attorney General, for official recognition.

The Right Hon. the EARL OF KIMBERLEY,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

I have, &c.,

(Signed)

J. POPE HENNESSY.

No. 8.

The Right Hon. the Earl of Kimberley to Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G.

SIR,

DOWNING STREET, August 27th, 1880.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Despatch of the 23rd June, relating to the formation of a Chinese Society for the Protection of Women and Children.

I shall be glad to receive copies of the rules when they have been revised by the Attorney General.

Governor Sir J. POPE HENNESSY.

No. 10.

I have, &c.,

(Signed)

KIMBERLEY.

Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G., to the Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley.

MY LORD,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, September 3rd, 1880.

*

4. I am happy to say that, in forwarding the criminal calendar on the 7th of July 1880, the Chief Justice, says :--

"The diminished number of serious crimes in the Colony is as creditable to the police as it is satisfactory to the public."

L

[ LXXXV]

In the same letter the Chief Justice expresses his satisfaction at the proposal which your Lordship has sanctioned) of the Chinese community to assist in putting down kidnapping.

*

*

*

*

No. 12.

*

Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G., to the Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley.

(Extract.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE,

HONGKONG, November 13th, 1880.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's Despatch of the 29th of September 1880 with reference to my Despatch of the 23rd June, on the subject of brothel slavery in Hongkong.

Having quoted an extract from my Despatch to the effect that the existing law against slavery, if properly enforced by the police, should be sufficient to secure the real freedom of the Chinese women referred to, your Lordship expresses the opinion that I cannot have formed any distinct plan for grappling with this long-standing evil, and that the Despatches I have written have reached no further than exposing the abuses connected with the Government brothel system I found here, and especially the employ- ment of informers. I venture, however, to point out to your Lordship that, in addition to the agency mentioned in the extract from my Despatch, I indicated, in paragraph 5, another source to which the Government would have also to look in dealing with this subject, that is the co-operation of the leading members of the Chinese community.

I take some blame to myself for not having stated this more emphatically, as, in fact, upon it depends the possibility of securing any beneficial effect in this important matter, quite as much as upon the proper action of the police.

On receipt of the Despatch now under reply, I called for a précis of the recorded views of the leading Chinese, and a statement of what the Chinese Society your Lordship had sanctioned in Despatch of the 20th May 1880 had actually accomplished in this matter, and on receiving this information I shall forward it without delay, when it will, I think, be made clear to your Lordship that a beneficial effect has already been secured by the action of the leading Chinese residents.

No. 14.

1

Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy K.C.M.G., to the Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley.

MY LORD,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 15th June 1881.

With reference to my view of certain legal questions relating to the so-called slavery in Hongkong on which, as your Lordship points out, I differed with the late Attorney General, Mr. PHILLIPPO, I have had some opportunities of considering them in consultation with Mr. O'MALLEY, the present Attorney General, and the result is that, whilst I am clearly of opinion that there is nothing illegal in the ordinary mode of adoption of Chinese children in this Colony, I still think that, in the particular case of TSANG SAN FAT's child, I was not wrong in instructing Mr. PHILLIPPO to prosecute LEUNG A TSIT, as in that case there appeared to be some evidence that the child was about to be taken out of the Colony, against the wish of the parents, to be sold in Canton. This seemed to me to involve an offence at common law.

[LXXXVI]

2. In reply to your Lordship's further questions I have the honour to state that renewed enquiries confirm me in the opinion that the description given by the Chinese community, and by Dr. EITEL in his report of the 25th of October 1879, of the adoption of children and domestic servitude in Chinese families, is correct; and that any abuses that may occur will be exposed by the Chinese Society, with which, under your Lordship's instructions, the police are co-operating; that no further change is needed in the executive machinery now dealing with this matter; and that no alteration of the law on this subject is required.

The Right Hon. the EARL OF KIMBERLEY,

&c.,

I have &c.,

J. POPE HENNESSY.

&c.,

&c.

No. 16.

Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G., to the Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley.

MY LORD,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 15th June, 1881.

With reference to your Lordship's Despatch of the 27th of August 1880, I have the honour to report that the rules of the Chinese Society for the Protection of Women and Children have not been finally revised yet. I have waited for an opportunity of consulting Mr. RUSSELL, who, before his recent visit to Europe, had dealt with some of the points in question.

2. Meanwhile I am happy to say the Society works smoothly and is doing good. 3. The Acting Chief Justice tells me that he finds these Chinese gentlemen of great assistance in the detection of kidnappers. Their operations and influence will, I am convinced, do more than anything else to put an end to whatever was really bad in the native customs to which Sir JOHN SMALE objected.

I have, &c.,

(Signed)

J. POPE HENNESSY.

The Right Hon. the EARL OF KIMBERLEY,

&C.,

&c.,

&c.

No. 19.

Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G., to the Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley.

MY LORD,

*

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 31st August, 1881.

7. It will no doubt be gratifying to Her Majesty's Government to notice that the final words of Chief Justice Sir JOHN SMALE in the Supreme Court of Hongkong testify to the practical value of the Chinese Society your Lordship has done so much to promote. It is only due to Sir JOHN SMALE to add that his own action has greatly contributed to foster the healthy public opinion of the native community, which induced him, when quitting the Supreme Court, to take a hopeful view of the future of this important subject.

I have, &c.,

(Signed)

J. POPE HENNESSY.

&c.,

&c.

The Right Hon. the EARL OF KIMBERLEY,

&c.,

LXXXVII]

No. 20.

Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G., to the Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley.

MY LORD,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 31st August, 1881.

Adverting to the Despatches noted in the margin, I have the honour to lay before your Lordship some printed copies of the rules, as revised Governor of 23rd June 1880. by the Attorney General, of the Chinese Society for the Protec-

Secretary of State, of 27th

August 1880.

tion of Women and Children.

2. I entirely concur in the concluding paragraph of the paper framed by the Chinese Society on the 28th of September 1880, and recommend your Lordship to sanction an Ordinance giving legislative force to the regulations and corporate existence to the Society.

I have, &c.,

(Signed)

J. POPE HENNESSY.

The Right Hon. the EARL OF KIMBERLEY,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

!

No. 21.

The Right Honourable the Earl of Kimberley to Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy, K.C.M.G.

SIR,.

DOWNING STREET, 3rd November, 1881.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Despatch, of the 31st of August, forwarding printed copies of rules which have been drawn up for the Society for the Protection of Women and Children, together with the Attorney-General's criticisms upon them and alternative rules which he has drawn up.

2. Judging from the previous correspondence on the subject, I conclude that the rules which Mr. O'MALLEY has submitted have received the official recognition of your Government, and if this be the case it only remains for me to reply to the second paragraph of your Despatch, in which you recommend that an Ordinance should be sanctioned "giving legislative force to the regulations and corporate existence to the Society."

3. I am unable to see the necessity of passing a special Ordinance as you suggest, and it appears from the Attorney-General's Note, No. 14, that he is of the same opinion; nor do I understand why the Association requires corporate powers. If, however, such powers are required, it would seem to be sufficient that the Association should be formed under the Companies Ordinance of 1865; and that formal approval should be given to its rules and organisation by the Local Government. I expressed my opinion to that effect in paragraph 4 of my Despatch of the 20th of May 1880.

I have, &c.,

(Signed)

KIMBERLEY.

Sir J. POPE HENNESSY.

[LXXXVIII]

No. 2147.

SIR,

Appendix 40.

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 5th December, 1892.

I am directed to enquire when the Governor may expect to receive the report of the Committee appointed by His Excellency to investigate certain points connected with the Bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk.

I am to remind the Committee that it was appointed as far back as the 28th of April, and to observe that, in justice to the Society against which such serious allegations have been made, the completion of the enquiry should not be unnecessarily delayed.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Chairman, Pó Léung Kuk Committee.

Appendix 41.

Minute by the Registrar General.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

Captain Superintendent,

I forward herewith a petition which has just been presented to me. It accuses a man called CH'AN PÒ-SHAN alias TAK HING-TSAI of having sold Petitioner about eight years ago. I should feel much obliged if you would kindly allow me to be furnished with a report.

Minute by the Captain Superintendent of Police.

Inspector STANTON,

For enquiry.

A. G.

20.9.92.

Minute by the Captain Superintendent of Police.

Honourable Registrar General,

Herewith report.

A. G.

28.9.92.

J. H. S. L.

20.9.92.

[ LXXXIX]

CENTRAL POLICE STATION,

28th September, 1892.

Captain Superintendent,

I have made inquiries respecting the charge made in the attached Petition against a man named CH'AN PO-SHAN alias TAK HING-TSAI.

The petitioner CH'AN SAM has been a sly prostitute in this Colony for 6 or 7 years, except at short intervals when she has been the kept mistress of Chinamen. She is at present living with a man of very doubtful character named Tò CHAN-MING, and, I am informed, she still earns money by sly prostitution. Some time ago CH'AN PO-SHAN gave a gold watch to Tò CHAN-MING to sell for him for $18.50. Tò CHAN-MING has not paid the money nor returned the watch, and CH'AN PO-SHAN has been to the house, 25, Aberdeen Street, several times trying to get one or the other. On the last occasion, shortly before the Petition was written, he had a row with Tò CHAN-MING. I think it likely that the complaint is made in consequence.

If there is any truth in CH'AN SAM's statement, she might have charged CH'AN PO- SHAN, who is a notorious character amongst the class she has associated with, and his whereabouts must have been known to some of her associates if not to herself, any time during the last few years.

She is unable to refer me to a single person to corroborate her story of her having lived a day or two with CH'AN PO-SHAN or of the drugging and kidnapping.

Minute by the Registrar General.

}

What is known of CH'AN Pò-SHAN?

J. H. S. L.

8.10.92.

Minute by Inspector Stanton.

W. STANTON,

Inspector.

Captain Superintendent,

CH'AN PO-SHAN has been known to the Detectives for several years as a gambler, and he sometimes associates with TIN SZ-KUK swindlers. He used to keep a gambling house in Heung Lane. I have been informed that he and a man surnamed LAU conducted Potsze gambling in a house in I On Lane, and won over a hundred dollars only a few nights ago. CH'AN PO-SHAN, is the man who summoned Moк CHI, the Pó Léung Kuk Detective, for assault last year and got him fined $5.

W. STANTON,

Inspector.

12.10.92.

[xc]

Appendix 42.

Précis of the Annual Report of the Pó Léung Kuk from the 7th day of the 6th moon of the Sanmau year (12th July, 1891,) to the 10th day of the

Pages.

1.

2-7.

6th moon of the Yamshan year (3rd July, 1892).

Introduction.

Names of the directors from the foundation of the Society up to

the Sanmau year, being a period of fourteen years.

8.

9-32.

Names of subscribers to the Society and the amount subscribed.

Through the Registrar General out of balance of Hongkong

Jubilee Fund,

$

220.00

2 subscribers of $400.00

800.00

2

59

of $300.00

600.00

1

of $250.00

=$

250.00

9

of $200.00

$ 1,800.00

12

14

of $150.00

$ 2,100.00

10

5

of $130.00

650.00

"}

4

of $120.00

=$

480.00

50

of $100.00

=$ 5,000.00

1)

2

of $ 80.00

160.00

1

of $ 75.00

-$

75.00

"

2

of $ 70.00..

$

140.00

""

21

of $ 60.00

$ 1,260.00

""

71

of $ 50.00

$ 3,550.00

"}

127

of $ 40.00

""

$ 5,080.00

1

22

of $ 35.00

=$

35.00

50

>>

of $ 30.00 .....

24

of $ 25.00

108

1

49

1

of $ 20.00

13

$ 1,500.00

600.00

=$ 2,160.00

of $17.00

17.00

of $ 15.00

735.00

""

of $ 12.00

12.00

144

of $10.00

$1,400.00

27

4

of $ 8.00

32.00

2

9

of $

7.00

14.00

12.

of $

6.00....

54.00

82

of $

5.00

410.00

15

6

of $ 3.00

18.00

1

39

of $ 2.00

=$

2.00

Total,.... ...793

$29,204.00

Miscellaneous subscriptions collected by individuals

385.29

$29,589.29

[XCI]

Pages.

35-36.

Names of men, women and children remaining in Pó Léung

Kuk at the commencement of the year. Number

52

37-42.

Girls sent to the Society by the Registrar General and married under the auspices of the Society, security being taken by the Registrar General,

47

42-78.

Destitute women and girls sent to the Society by the Registrar General. Particulars, stating how disposed of. (Sixteen girls adopted under security),

339

78-80.

Women and girls sent to the Oi Yuk T'ong in Canton to be

sent home,

17

80-82.

Men and boys sent to the Oi Yuk T'ong to be sent to their

homes,..

18

82-93.

Males sent to the Society by the Registrar General. Usual particulars, stating how disposed of. (Ten boys adopted under security),.

104

93-94.

Males received into the Society, who were dealt with by the

Police Magistrate,

18

94-96.

Do., females,

18

96.

Females received into the Society, who were dealt with by

the Police,

1

97-102.

Women and girls received into the Pó Léung Kuk in Hong- kong or sent from other ports, who were sent home or restored to their relatives by the Society,

102-141.

Do., men and boys...........

Total number of persons,

51

399

1,005

141-142.

N.B.-The following particulars are given in each case:~the name of the person, and of his or her native district, and the dates of entering and of leaving the Pó Léung

Kuk.

In the case of boys or girls adopted the name of the adopted father, and in the case of marriages the name of the husband is given.

When security is required, the name of the surety and that of his shop or firm.

In the case of those persons restored to their families the name of the relative into whose charge they are handed.

Deaths,

3

Number remaining in the Society at the end of the period,... 46

143-172.

Detailed statement of receipts and expenditure, showing every

item. :-

Receipts, Expenditure,

.$2,945.65

1,978.94

Balance in hand,..............

$ 966.71

The subscriptions to the Pó Léung Kuk are at present in charge of the Directors

of the Tung Wa Hospital.

:

}

[XCII]

Appendix 43.

REPORT ON THE BOOKS KEPT BY THE PÓ LÉUNG KUK.

After having waited in vain for a fortnight for the notes and suggestions which one Member of the General Committee promised to send in to us, we the undersigned on the 21st instant examined the books of the Society which had been brought to the Registrar General's Office for inspection by Mr. Lo MAN-SANG, Clerk to the Society.

The records were found to consist of the following:-

A Book, marked by the undersigned A, containing Minutes of Proceedings at various Meetings of the promoters of the Society, the discussions at the Meetings, the Regulations proposed and adopted, and the names of the persons present. Also the records of some important cases brought before the Meetings from 1880 to 1886, and copies of letters received from the Government.

A Book, marked B, containing the names of the original Members of the Society

in 1881. They were 122 in number and subscribed $10 each.

Fourteen Books containing copies of official correspondence with the Govern- ment from 1878 (before the Society became a distinct institution from the Tung Wa Hospital) to 1886, together with records of cases dealt with from 1885 to 1886.

Seven Books 1887-1888, (from 6th Moon of Ting Hoi year to the end of the

5th moon of the following year).

In 1887, a regular set of books was instituted which have been kept up ever

since. The seven books comprised :-

(1) Correspondence with outports.

(2) & (3) Records of election of Directors, employment of Detec-

tives, cases enquired into i.e. transactions of the Society.

(4) & (5) Correspondence between the Registrar General and the

Society.

(6) Records of cases sent from the Police and from the Registrar

General's Office.

(7) Records of cases sent to the Society from elsewhere.

Six Books 1888-1889, (from 6th Moon Mo Tsz year to end of 5th moon of the

following year), comprise :-

(1) & (4) Correspondence with outports.

(2) Cases sent to the Society by different Government Departments. (3) Cases sent to the Society from elsewhere.

(5) & (6) Correspondence between the Registrar General's Office

and the Society.

Nine Books 1889-1890, (from 6th Moon of Kichau year to end of 5th moon

of following year)

(1) (2) (3) & (4) Correspondence with the Registrar General's

Office.

(5) Record of cases sent to the Society by the Registrar General's

Office.

(6) Record of the Society's transactions.

(7) & (8) Record of correspondence with outports.

(9) Cases sent to the Society from outports.

[XCIII]

Five Books 1890-1891, (6th Moon Kang Yan year to end of 5th moon of

following year):

(1) & (2) Correspondence with Registrar General's Office.

(3) Correspondence with outports.

(4) Record of cases sent to the Society by the Registrar General's

Office.

(5) Record of cases sent from outports and elsewhere.

Seven Books 1891-1892, (from 6th Moon of San Mau year to end of 5th moon

of following year):

(1) & (2) Correspondence with the Registrar General's Office.

(3) (4) & (5) Record of cases sent to the Society by the Registrar

General's Department.

(6) & (7) Record of cases sent from outports and elsewhere.

We examined the above books and found them neatly and methodically kept and they appeared to be genuine books and records of the Society. Not having received any communication or suggestion from any member of the General Committee up to date, we concluded our enquiry and beg now to send in our report.

25th January, 1893.

Appendix 44.

HO KAI.

F. H. MAY.

Į

44

Extract from The Daily Press" of 1st August, 1892.

WONG LING was charged with bringing a man named CHUNG MUN into the Colony against his will. The charge was brought at the instance of the Pó Léung Kuk.

The complainaut, recalled, said he did not want to go on board the steamer which brought him to Hongkong. The defendant asked him to go on board to have a look at it and as soon as he got on board the ship started. No force was used to get him on board.

LI YIK CHI, cigar dealer, one of the committee of the Pó Léung Kuk, said-I went to the Tung Wa Hospital on Sunday, 24th, and saw one of the clerks of the Pó Léung Kuk, who told me that Moк CHI had arrested four "vagrants." Some other members of the committee who were present said, "Send for them and let us question them." Two of the vagrants, those who were let go, said they did not wish to stay in Hongkong. The complainant and defendant were the other two. The complainant accused the defendant of kiduapping him. They made a noise. The committee told them to be quiet and that they would be sent down to the Registrar-General to be questioned, after which they would be sent before the Magistrate, who would decide the case. Next day they were sent to the Registrar-General. MоK CHI is one of our detectives. He has orders to go on board ships as they arrive and to arrest people whom he suspects of kidnapping. He is not a constable.

MOK CHI-I was formerly a district watchman. I am not sworn in as a constable.

Inspector STANTON-I went to the Pó Léung Kuk about 8 p.m. on Monday, 25th, under the orders of the Capt. Superintendent of Police. I was shown the room where the prisoner was detained. It was No. 7 cell in the Lunatic Ward. The walls were padded below. The room is about 9 feet by 6 and about 14 feet high. It has two small barred windows high up in the wall. The windows had venetians which were closed. At the entrance were upright bars with a strong door outside. I was told that while the prisoner was in the room the bars were locked and the outer door double bolted. I was shown the room in which the complainant was confined. It was an ordinary sick ward. it. There is a kind of a gate to it to keep anybody from leaving it.

There were no patients in

[XCIV ]

MOK FUI (caretaker at the Tung Wa Hospital)-I showed the rooms to the last witness. The door of the room in which the defendant was confined was not locked. I did not tell the Inspector that it had been locked, nor that the uprights had been bolted. He asked me about it. The prisoner was at liberty to go any time he liked. He did not go.

Inspector STANTON, recalled-I have not made any mistake. The last witness did tell me about the room being locked. Inspector QUINCEY was present and heard the conversation.

Inspector QUINCEY-The witness MOK Fur told us that the door of the cell in which the prisoner was coufined had been locked. He also showed us how the upright bars and the door were locked.

LI YIK CHI, recalled-The letter shown is the one which was sent to the Registrar-General about this case.

NG KUM SING, Police Court interpreter-The letter in question contains a statement by the com- plainant and one by the prisoner.

LI YIK CHI, recalled-I told the men before they made their statements that they must speak the truth and not tell any falsehoods.

This concluded the evidence.

Mr. WODEHOUSE said—I shall not call upon the prisoner to make his defence. The complainant who brings the original charge has varied his statement so much from time to time that it is impossible for me to attach credibility to what he says. The whole case bears the appearance of the complainant having voluntarily come down to Hongkong on the promise that employment would be found for him there by the prisoner, and of his having changed his mind upon the arrival of the steamer and finding it was possible that he was going to be kidnapped and sent abroad. Had he made that statement in the box in all probability the prisoner would have been convicted. But I am bound to take his evidence as he gives it, and if he chooses to give me some other story, which he thinks is better calculated to secure the This is an conviction of the defendant, but which is not true, the defendant must get the benefit of it. ordinary case of a man being brought into the Colony--whether for an improper purpose or not is not in question now-and its chief interest lies in the part that has been taken in it by the Pó Léung Kuk. In what I am going to say now I have not the least intention of saying anything against the motives by which that Society is actuated nor against the organisation of the Society. I confine myself entirely to this case.

And I am sorry to say that the impression left on my mind is a very disagreeable one. I consider that the action of the Society has been altogether irregular, and I may say that in their efforts to make out that they have been proceeding in a legal way I think the truth has not been adhered to. The simple facts of the case appear to me to be that a detective of the Society, in what he no doubt considered to be the discharge of his duty, found this man on board a steamer, being brought into the Colony by the prisoner, and that he thereupon arrested the prisoner and took both men to the Pó Léung Kuk; that there the prisoner was locked up, and, the day being Sunday, was kept there until the following day, when he was sent down to the Registrar-General's office, and from there to the Police Station. I am extremely doubtful as to the existence of the other two men. They have disappeared. Nobody has seen anything of them. In the statement contained in the letter which was forwarded to the Registrar-General there is not a word about anybody except the prisoner and the complainant, and it seems to me rather as if the detective MoK CHI, thinking he might have exceeded his duty, has tried to resolve the matter into a squabble between four parties, with the view of giving the impression that they remained in the Tung Wa Hospital at their own pleasure and were in no way detained. It is most important that the Pó Leung Kuk should understand that action of this kind that I am supposing to have taken place is wholly illegal. They have not the slightest right to detain anybody on any charge. Their duty was to hand the man over to the Police at once. The more direct the road to justice the more probable it is that justice will be done; and if this kind of tortuous course is pursued and a circuitous road taken to bring a man to justice the difficulties in finding out the truth of the matter are greatly increased. I gravely doubt The fact that he is a detective of a whether the detective has any right whatever to make these arrests. Society organised for certain charitable purposes does not in the least give him the functions of a policeman. Whatever he does in the detection of crime must be in the direction of assisting the Police and not as an independent act of his own. Had the detective, on suspecting the defendant of bringing the complainant into the Colony for an improper purpose, immediately handed him over to the Police the case would have 'been disposed of without any difficulty. As it is, a great deal of evidence has had to be taken irrelevant to the main issue but at the same time having au important bearing on the case, and I think it would be well that the Pó Léung Kuk should clearly understand that the performance of Police and semi-judicial functions of this kind is beyond their powers, and that, while they might be of great assistance in aiding the Police in the detection of special crime, if they ignore that body and exercise irregular functions in the manner indicated in this case, their action is calculated to do more harm than any good that might be derived from their charitable intentions. They must know perfectly well for what objects the Police Force exists, and they must also know perfectly well that the ordinary course of things is that the man should as soon as he is arrested be taken straight to the Police in order that he should be at once charged. Not only do they detain him for more than twenty-four hours, but even then, when they consider that a charge is made out against him, they do not hand him over to the Police but send him to the Registrar- General. This further increases the irregularity of the proceedings. The Registrar-General had no more

**

[ xcv]

to do with this case than anybody else in the Colony, and they might as well have sent the defendant to the Postmaster-General, the Surveyor-General, or to any other official here. It was not a matter pertain- ing to the functions of the Registrar-General at all. The Police are here-a properly constituted body for dealing with crime-and it is to them that they should have banded over this man.

His Worship then, addressing LI YIK CHI, through the interpreter, said-I have been saying that this action of the Pó Léung Kuk in detaining this man and sending him to the Registrar-General is quite irregular. It is one of the first principles of justice that a man accused of a crime shall be brought speedily to trial. Not merely is this the practice of English law but it is a principle affecting the liberty of the subject everywhere, and your detective when he suspected the prisoner of having brought the complainant into the Colony for an improper purpose, should have at once handed him over to the Police and not taken him to the Tung Wa Hospital, whence he was afterwards sent to the Registrar-General. He should not have been brought before the Registrar-General at all, but immediately handed over to the Police. The delay which has been occasioned, and the proceedings which have taken place without the knowledge of the public, have greatly increased the difficulty of getting justice done. How can I decide whether the prisoner has had fair play? He may have had statements extracted from him, which would tell against him, which might not have been legally obtained. With regard to the evidence of the whole case I am afraid that a great deal of it is untrue. I think the real truth is contained in the simple statement sent to the Registrar-General, and that all the evidence we have had since of what has gone on at the Pó Léung Kuk has been given more or less with an idea there must have been something irregular in the proceedings there, and therefore they are not entitled to full credit. I hope you will bear in mind also that in a Colony like this, with a large Chinese population, it is very important that they should know what is the constitutional method of obtaining justice, and that anything which causes them to think that by irregular proceedings of this kind they are more likely to obtain the end in view is quite wrong. In what I have said I have no desire to make any reflection on your institution. I am merely dealing with this particular case and I am dealing with it from the prisoner's point of view. He is not defended and is therefore entitled to all that can be said in his favour and to the discrepancies in the complainant's story. The result has been that, whereas I think that if the matter had been brought forward in the ordinary and simple way in which it ought to have been and the complainant left to tell his story as it actually occurred, a conviction would certainly have been obtained; as it is I think the prisoner has not been proved guilty and he is discharged.

?

Appendix 45.

CASE OF LI FUNG.

Translation of extract from Pó Léung Kuk records.

Saturday, 5th March, or 7th day Second Moon.

Brought from 1st floor No. 9, Aberdeen Street, by Inspector LEE and district watch- man, PANG SHING.

LI FUNG states-I am 18 years old. I am a native of Canton. I was married to a man named P'UN who is now dead. At the end of last year, I came to Hongkong with my elder brother АH FUK and lodged in a relative's house whose name was CHAN SZ. I then desired to sell myself to be a prostitute. I gave my price as $500. A man had already been introduced by a go-between to see me and had offered $380 for me. CHAN SZ acted for me in arranging the price. On the price being settled, the money was to be paid to CHAN Sz.

On being examined again on the 20th day of the second moon (18th March) Li Fung continued-Several years ago, my mother sold me and sent me to Swatow where I lived as a prostitute in a brothel. In the 9th moon of last year (October 1891), I received a new visitor named LIU TSAI-TIN and we had intercourse with each other for several nights, in consequence of which I became pregnant. Since that time I felt very weak and became sick. In the 12th moon of last year (January 1892), I came by steamer to Hongkong and by inquiry I found LIU TSAI-TIN. He consented to take me to his own house and there obtained medical attendance for me. When I had almost recovered, I was arrested

[XCVI ]

by a constable and brought to the Pó Léung Kuk. I wish to be a concubine of LIU TSAI-TIN and I beg that I may be released or that LIU TSAI-TIN be asked to find a security and take me back to his home.

[Restored to LIU TSAI-TIN on 26th day of 3rd moon (22nd April) on security by per- mission of the Registrar General].

CHAN SZ alias SHAM SUI states-I am 28 years old and a native of Fu-mun. My husband is LIU TSAI-TIN. I bore a daughter named CHUN FA. The woman, who has come here with me, is my husband's concubine. Her name is LI WONG-HI. LI FUNG at first came to my house with a small-footed woman and rented the 2nd room from me. The small-footed woman (did not live there) but was always coming and going. When the constable came to my house to search the other day, LI FUNG told me that I should say that she and I were sisters and not that we were merely inmates of the same house (and nothing else). I refused to tell a falsehood.

[Restored to her husband LIU TSAI-TIN on security on the 9th day of 2nd moon (7th March) by permission. of the Registrar General].

LI WONG-HI States-I am 18 years old and a native of Fatshán in Namhoi. I am married to LIU TSAI-TIN as his concubine. The woman who has come with me is my husband's first wife. LIU CHUN-FA is her daughter. LI FUNG came to Hongkong with her mother and rented the 2nd room of the house in which we are living at present. They then earned their livelihood as seamstresses. Now LI FUNG's mother has gone back to Canton.

[Restored to her husband LIU TSAI-TIN on security on the 9th day of the 2nd moon (7th March) by permission of the Registrar General].

LIU CHUN-FA states-I am 8 years old. I don't know where my native place is. [No further evidence; restored to her father LIU TSAI-TIN on security on the 9th day of the 2nd moon (7th March) by permission of the Registrar General].

LIU TSAI-TIN states-I am 36 years old and a native of Ka Ying Chau. I opened a boarding-house in Tsung Sau, East Street, under the style of Wai Tai Lung. The capital is a little more than $2,000. My own share amounts to several hundred dollars. I draw a salary of $6 every month, which added to the bonus gives a sum of about $200 a year. My wife's name is SHAM SUI alias CHAN SZ. My concubine is called LI WONG-HI. My son is called HING LUNG and my daughter CHUN-FA. We all live in the same house in Aberdeen Street, the number of which I have forgotten. There is also a woman called WONG I' Ku, living in the house with us. My wife has known her for some time. It was at the beginning of the 1st moon of this year that WONG I' KU and her mother came to my house to live with us. I don't know what their antecedents are. I have come here to obtain the restoration of my wife, concubine and daughter and I have found a druggist shop under the style of Sin Hang Tong to be security. Formerly I had very bad luck and so I opened a Tin Sz Kuk and a gambling den to swindle people for a little more than a year. Now I dare not open such places.

Letter No. 17.

SIR,

PÓ LEUNG Kuk,

Monday, 7th March, (9th day, Second Moon.)

We beg respectfully to inform you that on the 7th instant (5th March), an inspector brought to the office three women named LI FUNG, LI WONG-HI and CHAN Sz respectively and a girl named LIU CHUN-FA.`

On being questioned LI FUNG said that she married a husband of the surname of PUN since dead. At the end of last year she followed her brother АH FUK to Hongkong and lived in a relative's house, whose name was CHAN SZ. She desired to sell herself to

[XCVII]

be a prostitute and gave $500 as her price. A man was introduced to her by a go-between and offered $380. CHAN SZ acted for her in negotiating the price. If any money was to be got, it was to be handed to CHAN SZ.

TIN.

'

LI WONG-HI was then questioned. She said that her husband was called Liu TSAI- She was his second wife. The woman who had come in company with her was her husband's first wife. LIU CHUN-FA was CHAN Sz's daughter. LI FUNG came to Hongkong with her mother and rented the 2nd room of witness's house to live in. They earned their livelihood as seamstresses. LI FUNG's mother had then gone back to Canton. CHAN SZ was then examined. She also said that her husband was LIU TSAFTIN. The girl LIU CHUN-FA who was in company with her was her daughter. LI WONG-HI was her husband's concubine. At first LI FUNG came to her house with a small-footed woman and rented the second room. The small-footed woman did not live there, but came and went. When the constable came to her house to make a search, LI FUNG asked her very earnestly to acknowledge her (LI FUNG) as her sister and not to say that they were merely inmates of the same house. But she would not agree to tell a falsehood.

When LIU TSAI-TIN, the husband of CHAN SZ and LI WONG-HI, came to our office, he called LI FUNG, WONG I' Ku. He said that she knew his wife and that was the reason why she came to live with her. He knew nothing of her former life. On reviewing the evidence of these persons, we find that it varies so much that we cannot decide what there is behind it. But there is no doubt that CHAN Sz is the first wife, LI WONG-H1, the second and LIU CHUN-FA the daughter of LIU TSAI-TIN, and it would be well to wait until LIU TSAI-TIN has found good security and then send them to your department to be handed back. With regard to LI FUNG we leave it to your honour to decide whether she should be detained in the Pó Léung Kuk pending investigation. With reference to this we await your instructions.

Your obedient Servants,

(Signed)

To the Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

WAI LONG SHAN. SHAM CHEUK TONG.

Registrar General, &c., &c., &c.

Answer of same date received from the Honourable the Registrar General.)

Letter No. 57.

I am in receipt of your letters Nos. 76 and 77 and beg to inform you in reply that the woman LI WONG-HI has already been permitted to go and that CHAN SZ, LIU CHUN-FA and CHAN SU have been given back on the production of security. I have sent back Li FUNG to your office to be detained temporarily.

,2

Letter No. 152.

SIR,

PÓ LEUNG KUK, 20th April.

With reference to our letter No. 77 in re the detention of LI FUNG in our Pó Léung Kuk pending investigation, we beg respectfully to inform you again that LI FUNG has been again very minutely questioned about her affairs. She said that several years ago, her mother sold her to be a prostitute in a brothel at Swatow. Of all the visitors whom she received, there was seldom one whom she really liked. At the end of last year, LIU TSAI-TIN came to Swatow and happened to visit the brothel. As butterflies to flowers, so they became attached to one another and on account of their having intercourse together for several nights, she became pregnant. After that she gradually became weak and felt sick and in the 12th moon of last year, she came to Hongkong by steamer and immediately found LIU TSAI-TIN who gladly took her home and exerted himself to obtain medical assistance for her. When she had almost recovered, she was arrested by a constable. Now all day she thinks only of Liu TSAI-TIN and would gladly go through

[XCVIII]

T

life with him. Although she is only to be a concubine, still she will be quite satisfied, if her wish can be obtained.

We are informed that LIU TSAI-TIN's conduct has always been bad, but unfortunately LI FUNG is firmly attached to him. When he came to our office the other day, he himself admitted that he was stained with evil and promised to do his best to turn over a new leaf, and said that he was willing to take back LI FUNG and to fulfil his promises towards her. He also offered as surety CHAN WING, the master of the Wing Hing shop No. 79, Praya West, who, he said, was willing to secure him. We beg to lay this report before you and await your decision.

Your obedient Servants,

(Signed)

WAI LONG SHAN. CHAN PEK-TSÜN.

To the Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, Registrar General, &c., &c., &c.

Letter No. 99 dated Friday, 22nd April, from the Honourable J. H. Stewart Lockhart.

The woman LI FUNG has already been handed over under security. Kindly make a record to that effect.

IN THE POLICE COURT AT VICTORIA IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.

MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS.

Reg. on Complaint of LU CHI TIN, Boarding House Keeper, Complainant.

Vs.

LEUNG CHEUNG, Defendant.

Charge.-Demanding and receiving five dollars from the complainant by means of menaces on the 7th, 8th and 9th instant, at Victoria in this Colony.

LU TSAI TIN declared :—

I am a boarding house keeper. On March 5th I was away from home. I went out a little after noon. I returned at night. I found my wife had gone and my concubine and daughter. I made inquiries with- out effect. On March 7th, I went to Registrar General's Office, and he wanted me to find security. I said I could get it. On March 7th, I gave security and got my people out from the Pó Léung Kuk. At 2 P.M. on my getting home from Registrar General's Office, I was told something. At 11 A.M. on March 8th, the defendant came and said he had not said anything against my wife, that I ought to give him $8 or $10 for shoe money. I refused. The defendant then said he was a detective of the Pó Léung Kuk and that he could get me arrested and get 6 or 12 months. I said I had no money. I promised him $5 in consequence of the threat.

The defendant went away. At 9 A.M. on March 9th, I reported to the police. I was given a note by the inspector. I gave it to my wife. At noon on March 9th, the defendant came. I invited him to smoke. He did so and looked round the place. I told my wife in defendant's hearing to hand over the note. My wife gave me the note in Court and I gave it to defendant. He looked over the verandah and evidently saw the inspector. He said I had reported the matter, and he took out the note and put it down and said he had nothing to do with it. The inspector came.

No question.

CHAN SZ declared :—

with us on February 8th.

The

I am a married woman, wife of complainant. The matter arose out of a new lodger that came to live On March 5th, between 1 and 2 P.M., I, the concubine and my daughter were taken to the Pó Léung Kuk. The defendant went with us. I asked defendant why we were arrested; he said it was nothing serious. On March 7th, we went to the Registrar General and were released at 4 P.M. defendant came and said I had been very lucky for not going to gaol. He said it would be just if I gave him $8 for shoe money.

The defendant said the next time he got me arrested he would get me 12 months or 6 at least. On March 8th at 11 A.M., the defendant came again and told my husband he must give him some shoe money or if not he would get him imprisoned. My husband promised him $5 and told him to come next day. On March 9th, at noon, the defendant came. My husband asked ine for the $5 note and I

gave it to my husband and he gave it to defendant. I heard defendant say that my inspector. The defendant then put the note on the table.

No question.

husband had got the

WM STANTON, Inspector, sworn :-

[XCIX]

At 9.30 on March 9th, the complainant made a report and I gave him the note in Court and tialed it. About noon, I went with P. C. 326 to a pawnshop in Aberdeen Street and waited for a short time. I went up to 1st floor of 9 Aberdeen Street and in the front room I saw complainaut and defendant sitting on a bed and the note in Court was on an opium tray. Each accused the other of putting

the note there.

No question.

Defendant denies but states he went to the house at complainant's request. Three months hard labour.

Denies touching the note.

ALFRED G. WISE.

1.

Statements made before the cting Assistant Registrar General in August, 1892.

LIU TSAI-T'IN states.-LI FUNG went to Cantou on the 8th of this moon. I took her to be my concubine from a brothel in Ch'iachau. I brought her to Hongkong. She lived here in the same house as my wife.

I wish to give the story from the beginning. In the 9th moon last year I was at Swatow and went to a brothel where she was a prostitute and engaged her. I engaged her for a fortnight. She then said that she wanted to follow me, and I wished to take her. I returned to Hongkong in the 10th moon. She came to Hongkong in the 12th moon on account of sickness. On arrival she went straight to my house. She used to live in Hongkong. I did not tell my wife that I intended to get a concubine. LI FUNG rented a room from my first wife. I looked after her whilst she was sick.

(In answer to question).

WONG I KU is the same person as LI FUNG. It is the name by which LI FUNG passed at Swatow. My wife knew her before she went to Swatow. LI FUNG returned to Hongkong at the end of the twelfth No one came with her. I did not see her mother. The woman referred to in the statements made

moon.

at the Pó Léung Kuk was not her mother, but a friend. When she came to my house she came alone.

Afterwards a small-footed woman came to see her.

My wife was frightened when she was taken to the Pó Léung Kuk, so she did not know what to say. Before my wife went there, she did not know that LI FUNG was my concubine. I never slept with LI FUNG in Hongkong.

LI FUNG has gone to Canton to visit her mother. I do not know where she lives. My servant went with her. I have known LEUNG T'SEUNG more than 10 years, but have not been on friendly terms with him. The information which he gave was false. After coming from the Pó Léung Kuk, Li FUNG told me that a woman who was selling eggs went to see her, and told her that a man wanted to buy a woman for five or six hundred dollars. She at first took no notice, but the woman kept bothering her, so she promised to consider the matter. The woman said that it was a relative of hers, a brothel keeper at Yaumati who wanted to buy a girl. At 12 o'clock, LEUNG T'SEUNG came to the house with the woman. The woman and he had a conversation about the price. LEUNG T'SEUNG offered $380, but the woman said she wanted $500. When LI FUNG told me this, I asked her "Did you consent to sell yourself ?”

On the 9th of the 2nd moon, I saw LEUNG T'SEUng. I was sitting on the bench outside the Registrar General's Office. I did not know then about his connection with the case. He asked "what is the matter?" I said nothing. I went out to the portico. He followed me. He asked me again. So I told him about it. He asked where I lived. I told him I lived in Aberdeen Street. He said "I did/ not know that I caused the arrest." Then he said:"Oh! never mind! I will not go against you at the Court, as we are friends, but will you give me some shoe-money?' I did not reply. The Registrar General sent for me. He said :- "Have you security?" I said “ yes.' Then he told me that CHUN FA would be permitted to go under security.

LEUNG T'SEUNG went the same day to my house and told my wife that it was very lucky that he did not go against me, and asked for money. My wife refused. He said "Another time I obtain a warrant you'll be kept in prison for two or three years." On the morning of the 10th (8th March), LEUNG T'SEUNG came again. I was at home. He said again :--"it is only fair to give me $10." I said :— "The Registrar General didn't ask you any questions. Anyway, I'll give you five dollars. I have no money at present. Come to-morrow at noon. I told a friend, and he advised me to tell a policeman."

N.B.-The following statements were made after an interval of some days.

CH'AN SZ states.-LI FUNG was a prostitute supported by my husband.

Now she is his concubine.

I did not know her when she was in Hongkong, before she went to Swatow. When she returned from Swatow, she told me that she was a prostitute, and wanted to live with a man, as his mistress. She did not tell me whom.

LI FUNG states.-I am a native of Canton. I lived until 10 in Hongkong, with my mother. My mother died two or three years ago. My mother took me to Swatow when I was ten years old, and gave me to a woman to be a "peipátsai” (ie, to be brought up to be a prostitute). I was a prostitute at Swatow. I met LIU TSAI-T'IN and wished to live with him. I came to Hongkong in the 12th moon. I

[ c ]

searched for LIU TSAI-T'IN.

He had told me the name of his shop. I sent one of the servants from lodging-house to find him. My mother came back with me from Swatow. LIU TSAI-T'IN came to see me. Then he took me to his house. My mother then went back to Swatow. LIU TSAI-T'IN took me his house himself. He said to his wife that we were friends. I rented a room. On the 7th day of the 2nd moon (5th March) the woman who sold eggs came to see me for the first time. She brought a man with her. I was combing my hair on the verandah, and the woman pointed to me with her finger and said that is the Then she came up with the man. She asked whether there was any one to be sold. I said it was a private-house, and there was nothing to do with selling women. Then LEUNG T'SEUNG asked what the price was. He said some-one wanted me to be a concubine. I would not allow myself to be sold. After that they went away. In a quarter of an hour the woman brought an inspector to the house. No woman came to visit me from the 12th to the 2nd moon. No small-footed woman. My Swatow mother is small- footed.

one.

I have never left Hongkong since I arrived from Swatow in the 12th moon.

LIU TSAI-T'IN states :-LI FUNG came back yesterday.

WONG A I, the servant, states :- -I have not been to Canton lately. I went with LI FUNG a few days ago, to see her mother, who lives outside the city near Hoimei Street. We went up on the 8th and returned yesterday by the day steamer.

LI FUNG re-called.-I returned from Canton yesterday by the day steamer. I went to see my brother's wife who lives in Fatei. My mother is dead.

I returned by myself.

LIU TSAI-T'IN recalled :-Before I left Swatow I told LI FUNG where I lived. She came by herself to my house. She was accompanied by I-má. I-má then went away.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE,

SIR,

HONGKONG, 10th February, 1893.

I have the honour to report for your information as follows:-That on the 5th March, 1892, at about 2 P.M., I received authority to search the 1st floor of No. 9, Aberdeen Street. I went with LEUNG CHEUNG and I found three women and one female child aged eight years and on account of it being Saturday afternoon and the Registrar General's Office closed, I took the three women and child to the 'Pó Léung Kuk and left orders to have them brought before the Registrar General, on Monday, the 7th March. Herewith attached the authority.

P

I have the honour to be, Sir,

The Honourable J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Registrar General, fc., &c., &c.

Your obedient Servant,

JOHN LEE.

To

*

THE WOMEN AND GIRLS' PROTECTION ORDINANCE, 1890.

Authority to Search

[Under Section 23 Sub-section 1.]

IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S OFFICE.

No. 90.

Inspector JOHN LEE.

♦ By virtue of the powers vested in me by Section 23 of The Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, 1890, I hereby specially authorize you the said JOHN LEE to search No. 9, Aberdeen Street, 1st floor and remove therefrom and bring before me any Woman or Girl who is or may be liable to be dealt with under the provisions of Part II of the said Ordinance.

Dated this 5th day of March, 1892.

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART, Registrar General.

}

[CI]

Appendix 46.

Letter to the Editor of the " Daily Press."

SIR,--The Bill for the incorporation of the "Pó Léung Kuk" Society is to come before the Legislative Council next Monday, and I beg leave to call attention to this matter in the hope that the bill will not be passed or, at all events, not in its present shape.

The expenses of the Government of this Colony are already high and nothing should be done to increase them. Apart, however, from the question of funds for the endow- ment of this Society, there are very grave reasons against "legal status" being conferred upon it. No such Society that I am aware of has a legal status either in England or America, Australian or other Colonies or Shanghai, and it would be an exceedingly bad precedent to commence such a thing here.

The Board and Committee of the Society are apparently to sit in private and are evidently to exercise police functions, seeing that the Ordinance provides for the loan of constables and detectives.

There is no security whatever that the Society's functions will be exercised properly and without injustice towards any whom the members of the Society or its employés may think proper to suspect, and neither the return of annual accounts and reports to the Colonial Secretary, nor the inspection of its premises by the Governor, nor the presidency of the Registrar-General, will in my opinion provide any such security.

It is to deal with the liberties of persons in this Colony and to establish a secret system of espionage over them, which is repugnant to the principles of British Govern- ment. It is in direct violation of the principles of that British liberty which purposely provides the great safeguard of publicity in all such matters.

The powers of the Society may be put to improper uses which may affect the liberty of the subject, and nothing of this kind should be allowed unless all its sittings be held in public.

The very fact that any body of men with a "legal status" may conduct in private, at their will and pleasure, investigations into the family and social concerns of the people, carries with it its own condemnation.

It will create an imperium in imperio, and there are those in this Colony, who think that we have quite enough of this already in the Registrar-General's department.

This Ordinance, if passed, will amount to a public confession and proclamation to the Chinese, and to the world, that the British Government, through its legitimate and publicly recognised machinery of police and open Courts of law, is unable to protect women and children, and condescends to resort to the unconstitutional method of creating a Society which, though not a secret one in name, practically operates as such.

This Society may terrorise over Chinese families, and the public will know nothing of it till much injury may have been done.

Although the members of the Boards of Direction and Committee, who would probably all be respectable men, may none of them use their influence improperly, their subordinates or even individual members of the Society trading on the "legal status" may use their position to coerce people into acquiescence with their own personal schemes by threats of exercising the power of the Society.

In making laws legislators must count with human nature.

[CII]

It is true that the Registrar-General and a Board and Committee will have some control, but they cannot know everything that takes place.

The Registrar-General's report of 1st February, 1892, on the Petition of the Society, gives particulars of the rules which have been approved, and shows that the Society has been recognised by the Government.

Surely nothing more is needed for the purposes for which the Society was founded. Further rules might, if necessary, be made, submitted to the Governor for approval and published for general information, but to confer legal status on a body corporate is to confer immensely greater authority and powers, and by the Chinese, and especially the lower classes, the acts of the members of the Society will be looked upon as the acts of the Government.

We all know how unwilling Chinese are to complain or come into collision with such authority for fear of unpleasant consequences, and the granting of legal status amounts to erecting in our midst a secret form of Government which may do much mischief.

The Ordinance does not even provide for the publication of the names of the members elected from time to time on the Committee or Board, nor for such election to be made in public. The register of members is not even open to the public, nor does the Ordinance provide that the annual accounts and reports are to be published, though they are to be sent to the Colonial Secretary.

Even in registered commercial companies these things are insisted upon by law, and in such a serious matter as this, affecting family life, all is to be private.

There is not even a provision that the buildings are to be open to the subscribers of the Society, nor to the public at proper times, but only to the Governor or his nominee.

It certainly reads as if secrecy were the underlying principle; and that anything affecting the public should be conducted in secret, assisted by specially told off constables and detectives, is in my opinion utterly wrong.

Mr. WHITEHEAD announced his intention of opposing the Bill, and I hope he will be supported by other members of Council, including officials, for I take it that this is not a purely Government measure in favour of which official members are bound to vote. I trust also that the community generally will disapprove of the proposed enactment.

It should not be forgotten that the Secretary of State did not consider legislation necessary when the subject came before him on a previous occasion.--I am, Sir, yours faithfully,

Hongkong, 22nd April, 1892.

Appendix 47.

N. J. EDE.

Statement of the Honourable T. H. Whitehead.

In making the remarks on the 11th April, 1892, in the Legislative Council, which I did, on the first reading of the Bill entitled "An Ordinance for the establishment and "incorporation of the Chinese Society for the protection of women and children, "commonly known as The Pó Léung Kuk,'"

I spoke entirely on the spur of the moment, and in using the words "Secret Society" in connection with the Pó Léung Kuk I had absolutely no intention whatever of branding the Society in any sense of the word as being criminal, or as being organised or conducted in any way that could

[CII]

bring it within the shadow of such an imputation. I intended simply to convey my Pinion and belief that it carried on its work of detection and enquiry privately and not publicly, that its officers were of private appointment and not responsible to any public authority; and that while the Society appeared to exercise semi-judicial functions, its researches and enquiries were carried on in places not open to the public as our Police Courts are, and not subject to the control of public opinion.

I am sorry that I made use of a phrase liable to misconstruction, and I apologise to the members of the Pó Léung Kuk for having spoken without full consideration of the meaning and the possible effect of my words. I cannot believe, however, that any one can have seriously misunderstood the sense in which I used the phrase.

Indeed, it is quite clear from the speech of His Excellency the Governor in the Legislative Council on the 25th April 1892, (Appendix 29), that he did not misunder- stand me.

His Excellency said,-

(3

"I may say that had the Bill come on for the second reading to-day, I was perfectly prepared to modify it in certain particulars. I should have struck out the "last clause; I should have amended the Bill so that the meetings of the Society and "the buildings and establishment should be open at all times to any Justice of the "Peace, and so have removed it from the odium of the charge brought against it by "the member for the Chamber of Commerce, namely, that it was a secret society."

Hongkong, 20th March, 1893.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

}

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE FOR 1892.

77

No. 9

4

93

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 8th February, 1893.

No. 24.

POLICE DEPARTMENT,

CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 19th January, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to submit, for the information of His Excellency the Governor, the Police Report for the year 1892.

2. The total number of cases brought to the notice of the Police during the year was 9,730 against 10,869 in 1891, being a decrease of 1,139 cases, or a decrease of 10.47 per cent.

Subdivided into serious and minor offences (so-called) there were in 1892, 2,983 cases of the former class against 2,994 in 1891, shewing a decrease of 11 cases or 0.36 per cent., and in the latter class 6,747 cases against 7,875 in 1891, giving a decrease of 1,128 cases or a decrease of 14.32 per

cent.

3. During the year there were 3 cases of murder, the victims being a boatman named CHEUNG CHI, an Indian watchman named RAMSAMMY, and a man named CHUNG Ho. In connection with the second case two Indians were committed for trial, and acquitted: in the other two cases the Police were unable to effect any arrests.

4. There were two serious cases of manslaughter during the year. In connection with the first two coolies were arrested, but there was not sufficient evidence to obtain a conviction: in the second case the assailant made good his escape, before his arrest could be effected.

5. Of the Highway Robberies the most flagrant case was that which occurred on the 11th July, when two men employed by the Dairy Farm Co. were waylaid and robbed by five men unknown on the Pokfulam Road. The Police had no means of tracing these men, and no arrests were made.

6. The facilities for leaving the Colony and the proximity of the mainland of China added to the reluctance of respectable people to lay information against criminals or to come forward as witnesses against them render it very difficult for the Police to bring the guilty parties to justice. In many instances the offender has made good his escape, before the Police have received information of the offence, and on many occasions a case has broken down through the reluctance of witnesses to come forward and give evidence.

7. Only three cases of Piracy have been reported during the year, all of which took place in Chinese waters. Several arrests were subsequently made by the Portuguese and Chinese Authorities in connection with these piracies.

Every precaution has been taken against a repetition of the Namoa calamity, and steamers carrying Chinese passengers have been regularly searched before leaving the port.

8. All the Police Stations are in good repair. The new station at Kennedy Town was occupied by the Police on the 31st December.

9. The health of the Police Force has been good, only 7 deaths occurring, including one European. There has been a marked decrease in the number of casualties, there being only 87 as against 142 in 1891.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

A. GORDON, Captain Supt. of Police.

Colonial Secretary,

&C.,

&c.,

&c.

1892.

January,

TABLE A.

Return of SERIOUS and MINOR OFFENCES reported to have been committed during the Year 1892, with the Results of such Reports.

Robberies with Violence

from

the Person.

Burglaries.

Larcenies in Dwelling

Houses.

Assaults

Felonies

not

with Intent

Larcenies.

already

Assaults

and

Disorderly

Unlawful

Gambling. Kidnapping.

Possession.

11

to Rob.

given.

Conduct.

Piracy.

Euro-

Miscellaneous

Offences.

peans

and

Ameri-

Indians. Chinese.

Total.

cans.

ex

4

୫ 11

:

:

:

:

:

225

2325

126

14 9

7

3 89 136 14 50 167 5 7

8601

53 43 48

79 102 23 38 94 1 8 16 5 31 31

or

..

:

..

31

44 14

10 55 10

:

3

16

947

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Drunkenness.

Nuisances.

No Pass or Light.

Cases reorpted.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

February,..

..

..

..

1

March,

2 2

3

April,

2

3

A

..

:

May,

9

13

**

5

..

H

June,

3

3

:

6

2

July,

August,

1

:

4 1

..

..

1 1

September,

2

2

9

2

:

..

October,

9

9

3

1

**

2

:

:

:

I

:

TOTAL

OF

ALL

CASES.

**

:

:

..

:

2

4

:

:

:

88383

98

19

1

:

*73]

13

194

..

207

102

198

··

94

22

8 ..

6

85 117 22 50 111 18 7 7

3 32 32 5..

180

26

2 ** 5 107 142 38 38 92 5

8..

3 26 17 13

:

181

17

5 4

*179

94

43

394

464 14 18 3

65

968 68

158

79

20 5

..

..

:

429

684

24 18

8 12 2 726

68 756 78

197

197

119 21

6

7

86 124

16 47 113 ..

4 5..

45 42 7

:

..

26 35 18

461

32 38

2

..

78

08

184

96

32

4

I

2

78 107

20

17 55 175 16 7

7

3 46 46 7 .. ..

16 25 4

360

27 18

..

1

105

}

197

105

905

25

I

..

1 115 161 29 44 151 11 8 4

4 41 36

204

98 21 5

A

2

97 133 21 73 188 50 958 49 46

6

6

:

:

:

:

28 35 3

..

86

31

6

3 109 132 21|| 71 | 122 30 11 10 6 36 31 11..

**

11 30 5

12 38

.9

800

26

2

1

3 104 125 17 47 157 15 10 9 6 21 15 13 ..

:

:

..

21

30

༔ ་ྒུ་ཎྜནི

33 34 4

4

I

923 109

1990

100

106

961

800

45

or

5

LA

I

5

1996

111

889

388

30 20 6

8

2

124

80

437

80 23

4

14

893

106

:

..

10 19

401

20

25 |

5

4

..

738

90

767

467

95

..

2

89 116 30 39 255 3 3 5 2 21 14| $1

:

:

:

:

20 22 1 344 343 28

18

3

4

5

664

799

113 686 121

20 44

8

319

22 19 1

4

8

778

85

97 748 95 10

9

8

00

8 20 17 4. ..

..

..

16 22 4 821 405

28 18

4

..

701

94 723 95

10

9

.. 2,304 1,179 298 47

29 28 1,111 1,492 255 595 1,720 141 86 81 46 411 875 | 102 |

..

..

2:1 399 80 4,841 5,033

230

333 259 42 58

20 || 9,656 1,159 | 9,973|1,221 9,730

November,

December...

5 3

.. 2 .. ..

3

7

3

..

8

1

TOTAL,........ 49 38 10 58 19

:

:

:

..

:

:

:

..

1

1

".

1

7 25 2 1

8

Police Department, Hongkong, 19th January, 1893.

* 1 case undecided.

A. GORDON.

Captain Superintendent of Police,

78

A

January,... 13 14.. 120 122

February,.. 59 84

March,..... 15| 14| 3 122 126

6 6

131 133

B

..

··

10

10

9 1

8 9 .. 44 84 ..106 129

988..

4

6..

4

4

39 39

ON

1

..

15 17 1 1

18

8

8

1 10 12 ..

36 59 11 14 18

2 13 12 1 6

6

52 54 2

3

2

1

11

11.. 6 2

3

2

11

1

5

22

14 18 1 3 3 1 26 52

1112 124

18 6 5 1 9

8

00

1

34 34

..

1 1..

2

1

1

20 21 16

5

2

6

161

April, ................ 38 45.. 90 91

I

1

2

6 ..

15 14 2 7

7

**

23

27

5

73 93 13 6 7.. I

1

:

35 36

21 1..

1

3

..

7

7

2

3

..

6

May,.

June, ......

July, ......

August, ....

September,. 15 19

18 18 1 128 124

7 4 4

19 .. 14 19 4 16 19

..

47 115

2

67

81 13 6 5 1 1

28 27 1

2

to

1

16

...

....

22.. 4

5

10

..

9

41 31 11

5..

Į

8

10 ..

107 | 103

4

1 1

8..

3 2

2

8

..

64|111| 15 79 85

22.. 5 4

*

33 30

5

2 2 1

2 ..

12 12

2

1

1

11 13 3 1..

27

29

132 130

I

I

2

2

14 11 3 7 7 1 36 64 4 84 93

9

6 5 1

4 4

25 24 3 4 5 1

4

2

19 29

4 8

6

..

H

10

7 8

186 134

4

**

..

..

2

7

6 16

1 45 44 1

60 | 122

12

3

35

95 110

10

83 3

8

7 1

25

25 24

I

3 4..

5

10

6

2 10 12.. 10 3 5

5 61. 3

105 111

5 1

1

15

1

17| 25 .. 15 14

+

39 63 5 82 89

9

2 2.. 5

29 30

..

5

22..

9 2

9 15..

5

10

5

1 1).

October,.... 22

24

1 108 105

7

9 9

5 5

10 12 1

19 19..

21 22 2 102 | 104

74

3 3 3

4

13 14 2

2 3

..

-

12

9 3 3 3

-

November, 19 21

December,..

..

89 69

9

co

1

82

08

2

3

2

2

4 6 1

8 11 ..

10 11

18 25 .. 72 74

8 6 8 3 4

4

.. | 47 46 3

-

..

2

..

16 19 2 4 3 8 6 15

14

5

7

7 2 8 D

H

8

11 .. 54 137

09

62

3 3 3.

3

3

015

**

40 46

ח

..

..

:

..

16 14 2 5

4

3 2....... 3... 31

20

~

-

5

ON

T

-

H

=

-

2 2

:

+

321

28

3 3

295

••

22

10

وع

~

w

C

4

..

343

133171

3 3

:

..

343

20

1.. 1 344

28

520

30

-

CO

M

Cases reported.

1892.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of

Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted. No. of Persons discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted. No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted. No. of Persons discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted. No. of Persons discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted. No. of Persons discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons-discharged. Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted. No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

Co

"

No. of Persons convicted:

:

Co

Q

~

464

14

6835

429

24

1

461

82

3 2

1 316 360

27

c=

386 487

33

99 1 359 410 45

[6] 6..

388

8888

429

80

No. of Persons discharged.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Mendicants.

Hawking.

Cries.

Unlicensed

Street

Breach of Spirits

Ordinances. and Opium

Breach of Registration Ordinance.

TABLE B.

RETURN of MISCELLANEOUS OFFENCES reported to have been committed during the Year 1892, with the Results of such Reports.

Desertion,

Refusal and Neglect of

Duty.

Rogues,

and

Vagabonds, Suspicious Characters

& Vagrants.

Breach of

Public

Vehicles

Ordinance.

Breach of

Merchant

Shipping Consolidation

Ordinances.

Breach of Police, Gaol, Deportation

and

Prevention

of Crime

Ordinances.

Breach of Pawnbrokers, Markets, and Weights and Measures

Ordinances.

Intimidation, Extortion, Bribery and

Conspiracy.

Cutting

Trees

or

Obtaining Goods or

Money

by False

Earth.

Pretences.

Damage to

Trespass.

Spurious Coin.

Property.

Commit Attempt to Suicide.

Cruelty to Animals, & Furi- ous Driving. Contempt of Court and

False Charge.

Breach of

Dangerous Goods and Arms Ords.

Totals.

TOTAL,.. 247 290 |

6 1,330 1,327 88 30 30

50 109

12277

3127 154 17 156 165

4 468 881 55946 1,062 103 64,58 954 | 49

100

3400 404 19 20 21 3 27 32 10 163| 188 |

52 38 18

Police Department, Hongkong, 19th January, 1893.

58 71 10 12 5 741 50 831 34 415 17 35048 4 4,341 5,033 333

A. GORDON,

Captain Superintendent of Police.

79

TABLE C.

COMPARATIVE RETURN of OFFENCES coming under the Notice of the POLICE, during the Years 1890, 1891, and 1892.

SERIOUS.

MINOR,

NUMBER OF PERSONS.

NUMBER OF CASES.

DESCRIPTION.

Convicted.

Discharged.

NUMBER OF PERSONS.

NUMBER OF CASES.

DESCRIPTION.

Convicted.

Discharged.

1890. 1891. | 1892.

1890. 1891. | 1892. | 1890. 1891. 1892.

Murder,..

*

Robbery with Violence from the Person,

42

18

49

Burglary or Larceny from Dwelling,

80

52

83 26

Assault with Intent to Rob,

.2

...

Kidnapping,

43

71 86

Piracy,

2

4

Unlawful Possession,.

344 500 411

282

19823 8

1

...

10

38

6

...

52

81

478

375

Larcenies,..

Felonies not already given,

48

44

2,537 |2,300 |2,304 |1,067 |1,109 |1,179 42

12

29

29

1824 23

13

11

- oo co

4 Assault,

10

Gambling,

8

Miscellaneous,

5

1

...

Drunkenness,

54

56 46

Nuisance,......

14

3

No Pass or Light,

123

72 102

371

262 298

28

44

24

Total,...

3,100 2,994 2,983 1,4121,687 1,728

616

444

492

Police Department, Hongkong, 19th January, 1893.

∙1890. | 1891. | 1892. | 1890. | 1891. 1892. | 1890. | 1891. 1892.

80

1,032 |1,335 |1,111|1,055 1,723 | 1,492 29 523 595

500 247

10

62 1,623 1,720 3,952 |5,656|4,341|3,890 |5,974 (5,033 703 150 133 221 111 140 399 50 88 80

255

65

141

361

333

No analysis of Convictions & Discharges.

Total,..

5,324 |7,875 |6,747 |5,007 |9,320 [8,245 |1,213 673

729

A. GORDON,

Captain Superintendent of Police.

·

Table D.

1.-RETURN of SERIOUS OFFENCES reported to the POLICE, during the 10 Years ending 1892, showing the Number of Prisoners Arrested, Convicted and Discharged.

Murder.

Robbery with Violence

from

the Person.

Burglary

and

Larceny in

Assault with

Intent to Rob.

Dwelling House.

Kidnapping

Piracy.

Unlawful Possession.

Felonies

Larceny.

not already given.

YEAR.

1883,

*2

30

17 15

32 81 21 4

25

1

2

pavé

04

49 13

00

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No, of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted,

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

1

1

30

7

42

4

8

12

254

217

81

298 1,980

887

...

1884,

4

26 26 52 18 8 26 47 15

24

9

2

1

...

:

1

32 4 39 43 9 16

28

44

298

262

109

371 2,153

949

322 1,271 55 32 19

1885,

3

:

2

2

35

701 35 105

96

67 28

7

35 3 1

1

53

58 25 60 85 17 13

20

33

229

165

96

261 1,927

952

300 1,252

1886,.

3

2 2 64 33 15 48 68 32

6

to

38

4 5

1

6

78 63 55 118 10

1 10 11 291

287

65

352 1,898

898

278 | 1,176

1887,

1

1 1

31 23

3 26 60

11

8 19

90 54

72 126

8 18

14 32 327

263

120

383 1,985

815

280 | 1,095

76

312 1,199 82

Total No. arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

8 + HENNo. of Persons discharged.

Total No, arrested.

25

22

47

51

45 36

76

84 70

40|110

50

68 | 118

...

...

Total,..

13

1888,..

2

32

76 18 2

1889,.

2

4

4

66

24 35

...

1890,..

3

1

1 2 42

22

1891,.

1892,

1

3

1

1 18

...

4

4

49

38 10

9 13

10 3 13 52 6 3

48 83 21

59 98 37 22 1 2

80 26 11 37 7 2

7 2 9 283 153 268 421 57

31 33 1273161| 76 |237|328 | 107 | 34141 10 72

2 10 12 45 19 13

28

32

52

80 132 1,399 1,194

4711,665 | 9,943 4,501 1,492 5,993 342 213 189 402

20

4

3 14 37

91

96 133 12

:

4 4 254

208

99

307 1,878

59

2 75 37 79 116

4

1

2

3

313

252

99

3 43 13 54

1

67

2

14

14 344

282

123

9

71

52

56 108

4

3

3

6

500 478

72

...

...

8

29

29

3

5

10

5

...

86 81

46 127

411 375

102

351 | 2,236

405 2,537 1,067

550 2,300 1,109

477 2,304 1,179

776

991

284 1,060 74

314 1,305 98

371 1,438

53 47100

65 63 128

42 12 28

262❘ 1,371

48

29 44

298 1,477

44

29 24

& 2 + 200

40

73

53

...

...

...

...

2 | 14|366 | 220 | 331 | 551| 22

4

23 27 1,822 |1,595

4952,090 11,255 5,122 1,529 6,651 306 188 206 394

2.6 0.0 6.2 6.6 54.6 32.2 15.2 47.4 64.6 21.4 6.8 28.2 2.0 1.4 0.4 1.8 56.6 30.6 53.6 84.2 11.4 10.4 16.0 26.4 279.8 238.8 2.2 0.6 4.0 |4.6 44.0 20.0 14.8 34.8 77.8 21.6 9.2 30.8 3.0 2.4 0.4 2.8 73.2 44.0 66.2 110.2 4.4 0.8 4.6 5.4 364.4 319.0

94.2 333.0 1988.6 900.2 298.4 1198.6 68.4 42.6 37.8 80.4 99.0418.0 2251.0|1024.4 305.81330.2 61.2 37.6 41.278.8

Total,.

11

3

Average of 1st period,....

Average of 2nd period,.

20 | 23 | 220 100| 74 | 174 389 | 108 | 46 | 154 | 15 | 12

* In one case the Murderer committed Suicide.

81

1888,

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892,

1883,

· 1884,

1885,

1886,

1887,

YEAR.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons

convicted.

No. of Persons

discharged.

Total No.

D.

2.-RETURN of MINOR OFFENCES reported to the POLICE, during the 10 Years ending 1892, showing Number of Prisoners Arrested, Convicted and Discharged.

ASSAULT.

GAMBLING.

MISCELLANEOUS.

DRUNKEN-

NESS.

NO LIGHT

NUISANCES.

OR PASS.

arrested.

Cases

reported.

No. of Persons convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

Total No.

arrested.

Cases reported.

No. of Persons. convicted.

No. of Persons discharged.

7730

852

299 1,151

86

358

166

524

2,629

2,804

559

3,363

158

527

1,135

1,118

1,513

397 1,910

104

594

124

718 2,441

2,636

581

3,217

202

790

2,896

753

973

273

1,246

255

736

58

794

1,901

1,998

426

2,424

323

690

387

1,031

1,486

225

1,711

248

762

31

793

3,735

4,209

416

4,625

373

470

479

1,101

1,425

335

1,760

99

766

211

977

3,941

4,119

668

4,787

231

340

192

Total,.

4,733

6,249 1,529

7,778

792

3,216

590

3,806

14,647

15,766

2,650

18,416

1,287

2,817

5,089

958

1,187

329

1,516

62

489

67

556

3,905

4,096

709 4,805

229

399

125

1,212 1,484

470

1,954

69

140

51

191

2,807

2,905

610

8,515

165

252

63

1,032 1,055

500

1,555

29

62

10

72

3,952 3,890

703

4,593

150

111

50

1,335

1,723 247

1,970

523

1,623

65

1,688

5,656

1,111

1,492

255

1,747

595

1,720

141

1,861

4,341

5,974

5,033

361 6,335

133

140

88

333

5,366

221

399

80

Total,..

5,648

6,941 1,801 8,742

1,278

4,034

334

4,368

20,661 21,898 2,716

24,614

898

1,301

406

Average of 1st period,... Average of 2nd period,.

946.6 1249.8 305.8 1555.6 158.4 1129.6

643.2

118.0

761.2

2929.4 3153.2

530.0 3683.2

257.4

563.4

1017.8

1388.2 360.2 1748.4 255.6

806.8

66.8

873.6

4132.2 4379.6 543.2

4922.8

179.6

260.2

81.2

Cases

reported.

#

ގ

82

.D.

3.-CASES REPORTED TO POLICE.

SERIOUS OFFENCES.

In 1883,

.2,423 cases.

In 1888,

1884,

.2,652

">

وو

1889,

1885,

.2,466

">

1890,

....

1886,

..2,500

1891,

""

"9

1887,

.2,577

99

,, 1892,

12,618 cases.

MINOR OFFENCES.

In 1883, 1884,

....5,265 cases.

In 1888,

.7,551

""

92

1889.

1885,

.4,309

1890,

وو

""

1886,

.6,336.

""

99

1887,

.5,904

""

1891,

1892,

29,365 cases.

83

..2,436 cases. .2,893 .3,100

""

39

.2,994

"3

..2,983

""

14,406 cases.

Increase of 0.04 per cent. in second period.

.5,678 cases.

4,568 .5,324 .7,875 ...6,747

>>

33

"

30,192 cases.

Increase of 2.80 per cent. in second period,

In 1883,

""

**

1884, 1885, 1886,

,, 1887,

Altogether.

7,688 cases.

In 1888,

10,203

""

6,775 8,836

""

"

1889, 1890, 1891,

...

""

8,481

1892,

""

>>

41,983 cases.

8,114 cases.

7,461 8,424

10,869 9,730

29

99

44,598 cases.

Increase of 2.88 per cent. in second period.

4.-DETAIL OF CASES REPORTED TO POLICE,

SERIOUS OFFENCES.

1883 to 1887.

Yearly Average.

1888 to 1892.

Yearly Average.

1. Murder,

13

2.6

11

2.2

2. Robbery with Violence,

243

48.6

220

45.0

3. Burglaries & Larcenies in Dwellings,

323

64.6

389

77.8

4. Assault with Intent to Rob,.

10

2.0

15

3.0

5. Kidnapping,

283

56.6

366

73.2

6. Piracy,...

7. Unlawful Possession, .......

8. Larcenies,...................

9. Felonies not already given,

57

11.4

. 22

4.4

1,399

279.8

1,822

364.4

9,943

1,988.6

11,255

342

68.4

306

2,251.0 61.2

.....

MINOR OFFENCES.

1883 to 1887.

Yearly Average.

1888 to 1892.

Yearly Average.

10. Assault,

4,733

946.6

5,648

11. Gambling,

12. Miscellaneous,

13. Drunkenness,

14. Nuisances,

15. No Pass or Light,

792

158.4

1,278

1,129.6

255.6

14,647

2,929.4

20,661

4,132.2

1,287

257.4

898

179.6

2,817

563.4

1,301

260.2

5,089

1,017.8

406

81.2

In 1883,

""

1884,

""

1885,

""

1886,

1887,

""

...་་

5.-NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED BY POLICE.

FOR SERIOUS OFFENCES.

.1,663 persons.

In 1888,

.1,857 .1,859 .1,861 ..1,799

1889,

23

1890,

""

""

1891,

""

1892,

99

In 1883,

9,039 persons.

FOR MINOR OFFENCES.

Excepting Nos. 13, 14 and 15 (See Table 2) of which no details are given.

In 1888,

1884,

"

"

1885,

"9

1886,

""

1887,

5,038 persons.

5,845

""

4,464

.7,129

:::7,524

30,000 persons.

""

1889,

"

1890,

33

1891,

""

1892.

.....

.1,672 persons.

..2,027 ..2,028 .2,131 ..2,220

99.

99.

55.

??

10,078 persons.

.6,877 persons. ..5,660 ..6,220 ...9,993 ..8,974

*

"

29

37,724 persons.

84

Altogether excepting Nos. 13, 14 and 15,

In 1883,

..6,701 persons.

In 1888,

""

1884,

.7,702

29

**

1889,

1885,

.6,323

1890,

39

1886,

..8,990

1891,

"9

"7

1887,

..9,323

دو

"9

1892,

39,039 persons.

6.-DETAILS OF NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED.

FOR SERIOUS OFFENCES.

1. Murder,

2. Robbery with Violence from Person,

3. Burglaries and Larcenies from Dwellings,

4. Assault with Intent to Rob,

5. Kidnapping,

6. Piracy,.....

7. Unlawful Possession,..

8. Larcenies,

9. Felonies not given,

:

10. Assault,

11. Gambling,

12. Miscellaneous,

13. Drunkenness,

14. Nuisances,

15. No Pass or Light,

8,549 persons. 7,687

39

8,248 12,124 11,194

39

**

47,802 persons.

1883 to 1887.

1888 to 1892.

33

23

237

174

141

154

9

14

421

551

132

27

1,665

2,090

5,993

6,651

402

494

9,033

10,178

FOR MINOR OFFENCES.

1883 to 1887.

1888 to 1892.

7,778

8,742

3,806

4,368

18,416

24,614

1,287

898

2,817

1,301

5,089

406

39,193

40,329

7.--NUMBER OF PERSONS CONVICTED AND DISCHARGED.

FOR SERIOUS OFFENCES.

Convicted.

Discharged.

Convicted.

Discharged.

In 1883, 1884, " 1885,

1887,

.1,178

485

In 1888,

.1,116

556

.1,297

560

"1

1889,

.1,409

161

1,298

561

1890,

.1,412

461

""

39

1886,

..1,389

472

""

1891,

1,687

· 144

.....

1,234

565

1892,

..1,728

492

"

6,396

2,643

7,352

1,814

FOR MINOR Offences.

Convicted.

Discharged.

Convicted.

Discharged.

In 1883,

4,014

1,024

In 1888,

.5,772

1,105

1884,

..4,743

1,102

1889,

4,529

1,131

1885,

.3,707

757

99

""

1890,

5,007

1,213

1886,

..6,457

672

1891,

.9,320

673

92

1887,

.6,310

1,214

وو

1892,

8,245

729

25,231

4,769

32,873

4,851

Altogether excepting Nos. 13, 14 and 15.

Convicted.

Discharged.

Convicted.

Discharged.

In 1883,

....5,192

1,509

In 1888,

6,888

1,661

""

1884,

.6,040

1.662

1889,

5,938

1,749

"

1885,

.5,005

1,318

1890,

6,419

"

1,829

1886,

.7,846

1,144

""

1891,

11,007

1,117

""

""

1887,

.7,544

1,779

دو

1892,

11,228

1,221

31,627

7,412

41,480

7,577

TABLE E.

RETURN shewing the STRENGTH, ENLISTMENTS and CASUALTIES in the Police Force during 1892.

85

Strength of the Force.

Enlistments. Deaths.

Resignation through Sickness.

Resignation through expiry of term of service or

Dismissals

or

Desertions.

Total Number of Casualties.

otherwise.

European,

128

7

1

1

7

Cr

5

14

Indian,

226

26

3

12

10

25

Chinese,

342

61

3

ลง

22

21

48

Total,

696*

94

7

3

41

36

87

* This number includes the Police paid for by other Departments and Private Firms but is exclusive of :-

1 Captain Superintendent,

1 Deputy

Do.,

Grand Total, 754.

4 Clerks,

52 Coolies,

Police Department, Hongkong, 19th January, 1893.

A. GORDON, Captain Superintendent of Police.

203

No. 15

93

HONGKONG.

THE ACTING POSTMASTER GENERAL'S REPORT FOR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency

the Governor, on the 25th May, 1893.

No. 16.

GENERAL POST OFFICE,

HONGKONG, April 7th, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward the following report on the British Postal Service in Hong- kong and China during the year 1892.

2. On the 16th April, I took over charge of the Department, consequent upon the departure of Mr. TRAVERS on furlough.

3. The Postal Union Convention, which was ratified at Vienna on the 4th July, 1891, came into force on the 1st July, 1892. Under this Convention the dimensions of Sample Packets have been increased from 20 centimetres by 10 by 5 (8 in. by 4 in. by 2 in.) to 30 centimetres by 20 by 10. (12 in. x 8 in. x 4 in.); the limit of weight, which under the Convention of Paris was 250 Grammes (8 oz), was left to be arranged between individual Offices of the Postal Union, and through the representations of the London Office, it was arranged that from the 1st October, packets of patterns or samples of Merchandise of a maximum weight of 350 Grammes (12 oz.) might be exchanged between British Colonies and the following countries :-Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Congo Free State, Costa Rica, Egypt, France, Greece, Guatemala, Hawaii, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, Luxemburg, Mexico, Portugal, Roumania, Salvador, Servia, Siam, Switzerland, Tunis, and the United States.

4. On the 1st July, the British Colony of Natal entered the Universal Postal Union. During the year the French Post Office established agencies in Madagascar, at Ambositra, Andevoraute, Fenerive, Fiaranantsoa, Foulpointe, Ivondro, Maevatanana, Mahambo, Mahanoro, Mahela, Maintirano, Mananjary, Morotsangana, Nossi-vé, Antananarivo, Vatomandry and Vohemar. Correspondence to and from these places, as also to and from the French Post Offices at St. Mary, Tamatave and Majunga is subject to the conditions of the Postal Convention.

5. The past year will be ever remembered as that in which the Mail Steamer Bokhara was wrecked on Sand Island (Pescadores) on the 10th October, and all but 23 lives lost. The Mails lost by this disaster were as follows:-

FROM.

BAGS.

Boxes.

REMARKS.

Shanghai,

9*

10

1 Bag for H.M.S. Fleet.

Do.,

French, P.O., ....

6

Do.,

German, P.O., ...

6

Total,.......

* 3 of these contained

empty bags.

21

10

Forming part of these Mails there were 76 Registered Articles from Shanghai and 29 from the Agencies North of Shanghai. There were also 65 Parcels for the United Kingdom. A small packet of correspondence was received at the end of the month from Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at Tainan which had been recovered from the wreck. One of the letters in the packet was found to contain a Bank Note for $10. This letter was duly forwarded to the addressee, a poor woman resident in Macao. Three others it was also possible to forward to their destination, the remainder of the Package consisted principally of press copies of letters.* In February last a second package was received through the P. & O. S. N. Company which also consisted principally of press copies in a more or less torn and illegible condition.* In this packet a few leaves of a Bible were found in a fairly good state, but unfortunately there is nothing to show to whom the Book belonged. It is, I think, doubtful whether anything further will be recovered.

* Most of these have been returned to the senders.

204

6. The Pillar Letter Boxes referred to in the 5th paragraph of the Postmaster General's Report on 1891 arrived, and were set up in the places suggested by him, except that one was placed at the East end of the town in Percival Street instead of near the Tramway Station. This change was made in view of the fact that letter boxes are attached to the Tramcars and the placing of a Pillar Box at the Station seemed unnecessary, and would have left the East end of the town unprovided for. The wooden Letter Box at the Police Station at Tsim Shatsui is still retained. Those formerly erected in the Peak District have been withdrawn. Collections from the Pillar Box (No. 1) at the Kowloon Wharves commenced on the 8th August, and up to the 20th the letters collected amounted to 448. The collections from Pillar Boxes (Nos. 2 to 6) at Magazine Gap and the Peak District commenced on the 12th August and up to the 20th, the letters collected amounted to 64. Unfortunately the collections from these Boxes have not been recorded separately, and they are therefore not included in the annexed Table A. which shows the number of letters collected from the Pillar Boxes in the town from August 15th, the date on which collections commenced, to the end of the year. The collections from the Pillar Boxes in the town from August 15th to 20th amounted to 201 letters.

7. Table B. shews the number of letters received from and sent to Kowloon and the Peak District during the year. Up to the end of the year by the courtesy of the High Level Tramway Co., our Postmen have been allowed to travel free.

8. Telegraphic communication between the Post Office and the Light-houses at the Gap Rock and Cape D'Aguilar has been established, and operations commenced on the 1st October. From this date to the end of the year 1936 messages were received at this Office. Of this number there were 262 signals of approaching vessels from Cape D'Aguilar and 53 from Gap Rock. In some instances two or three steamers have been signalled in the same message. The messages are transmitted through the Office of the Eastern Extension Australasian and China Telegraph Co. and the Observatory to Tsimshatsui where signals are hoisted. The substance of the message is also notified on a board facing Queen's Road. The remaining 1621 messages consisted of Meteorological Observations which are received four times a day from the Gap Rock and every hour from the Peak. Communication with the Gap Rock was interrupted on October 6th from 10.50 to 11.32 A.M., and again on November 26th 6 A.M. to December 14th 7.30 A.M. The Telegraph Clerk at this Office is on duty continuously from 6 A.M., to 6 P.M., for seven days of the week on a salary of $30 per month. The hours are altogether too long. The Clerk has to be on the watch not only for signals from the Lighthouses but also for the Meteorological reports for transmission to the Observatory. Twelve consecutive hours duty is too much to demand from any one, and I am of opinion that there should be two Clerks attached to the Post Office, one to be on duty in the forenoon and the other in the afternoon. As the summer approaches and daylight consequently lengthens both in the morning and evening, the signals of passing vessels can be seen at the lighthouses at a much earlier and much later hour than 6 A.M. and 6 P.M., and the convenience to the Post Office and Shipowners of having the earliest and latest possible information of approaching vessels is obvious. But it would be unfair to expect still longer hours of duty from the clerk attached to this Office than he has already. The Clerks at the Light- houses enjoy I believe the advantage of assistance from the Lighthouse keepers in the detection of approaching vessels. The Clerk at this Office has no one to assist him in receiving the messages that come in. The appointment of another Clerk at $30 per month for duty at the Post Office can hardly be regarded as extravagant. Of course he would have to take his turn at the Lighthouses with the

others.

9. Table C shows the number of Parcels received and despatched during the year. The heaviest outward mail was the New Year's Mail which consisted of 530 parcels. The heaviest inward mail was also the New Year's Mail which consisted of 832 parcels. The Christmas Mails numbered 508 parcels outward and 602 inward. The total number of parcels received and despatched in 1891 and 1892 was as follows:-

'N

PARCELS RECEIVED.

From.

1891. 1892. Increase. Decrease.

United Kingdom,

Germany,

Other Countries,

10,078

10,290

212

383

389

6

239

872

633

Total International,

Coast Ports,

10,700

11,551

851

...

2,600 3,200

600

:

Total,..

13,300 14,751 1,451

To.

PARCELS DESPATCHED.

..

1891.

1892.

Increase. Decrease.

United Kingdom,

5,240

6,461

1,221

Germany,

160

175

15

Other Countries,

2,200

787

1,413

Total International,

7,600 7,423

1,236

1,413

Coast Ports,

5,000 4,450

550

Total,........... 12,600 11,873

1,236

1,963

DEDUCT INCREASE,.

TOTAL DECREASE,

1,236

727

10. Table D shows approximately the Statistics for the year. Compared with 1891 there has been an increase under all heads except two, that of "Letters on Postal Business" which shows a decrease of 1,250 and that of "Registered Articles with Return Receipts" which shows a decrease of 1,460. Table E gives the figures for the past seven years.

11. The total number of Mails received and despatched in 1891 and 1892 was as follows:-

Received, Despatched,

....

1891. .2,511 ..3,001

1892.

3,796

4,366

Increase.

1,285

1,365

12. As was the case last year, much annoyance has been caused to the Department and the Public by the want of adhesiveness in the Postage Stamps. This is more particularly the case as regards the two-cent stamps, and is perhaps more felt in the dry season than at other times. The matter has been repeatedly brought to the notice of the Crown Agents. The same trouble is, I understand, experienced in other Colonies situated within the tropics.

13. It would greatly facilitate the work of returning Dead Letters to the writers, if they would give their addresses, and sign their names in full, and if this were done on the covers, the letters would be returned unopened. As it is, the greater number have to be opened to discover the name and address of the writer, and it is frequently found that the letter is signed with initials only, or with a Christian name only, and this in cases where there are enclosures of value. The letters have conse- quently to be perused in the hope of obtaining some clue to the identity of the writers.

14. In his report on 1891, reference was made by the Postmaster General to a Board appointed. by His Excellency the Governor to enquire what means could be devised to stop the illicit Chinese Post Offices that abound in the Colony. The Board submitted its report in August last.

Chinese correspondence arriving in or sent from the Colony may be classed as follows:—

A. Correspondence originating in the Colony and destined for places in China other than

the Treaty Ports where the General Post Office has Agencies.

B. Correspondence originating outside the Colony, as at Saigon, Singapore, &c., and destined

as A.

C. Correspondence originating in the interior of China destined for Hongkong, or Treaty

Ports, or places outside Hongkong where there are regularly established Post Offices. D. Correspondence exchanged between places where regular Post Offices exist e.g. Hongkong

and Bangkok.

It was considered that nothing could be done as regards Class A until the establishment of an Imperial Postal Administration in China to which such mail matter could be sent for delivery, the General Post Office of this Colony having no means of delivering such correspondence. As regards Classes B, C & D, there being no means of detecting such correspondence as does not pass through the Post Offices of the country of origin, it was considered nothing could be done beyond the issue of a Proclamation in Chinese explaining the requirements of the law. This was done, but it is doubtful if any good effect has resulted. In those places where persons landing have to pass through the Customs e.g. Japan, something can be done to detect correspondence that has been carried to them in

205

206

an irregular manner and when found such correspondence is handed over to the Postal Authorities, and double the deficient postage levied, in accordance with the rules of the Postal Union, on delivery to the addressees; or it is returned to the Post Office through which it should have passed in the first instance. Under the Convention of Vienna the deficient postage and fine on returned correspondence is recoverable from the sender, and when possible it is recovered, but it does not often happen that the sender can be discovered in such cases. In the event of such correspondence being found to have been sent through the Agency of one of these illicit Post Offices perhaps a prosecution might have some good effect. The law having been explained to them they cannot now plead ignorance of it.

15. The need of more suitable accommodation for carrying on the work of the Department is every year becoming more urgent. The simultaneous despatch of heavy mails such as the English and American, the French and the Canadian is becoming more frequent, and, at such times, not only is the work of closing the mails considerably hampered for want of sufficient room in which to deal with them, but the inconvenience to the public is very great owing to the impossibility from the same cause of providing extra facilities for the sale of Stamps. And when, as often happens in the summer, the inward French Mail arrives while the outward French Mail is being despatched, the want of room renders it impossible to deal with the arrival as expeditiously as we desire. And not only is the accommodation inadequate for the work that has to be got through, but the Office is so dark that much of the work has to be done by gas light, which is not only a source of much discomfort to the Staff, but is also very detrimental to health. Strangers passing through the Colony who are acquainted with the commodious Post Offices in other towns to which the City of Victoria does not hold second rank have often remarked upon the darkness and incommodiousness of this Office. It is to be hoped that measures will be soon taken to provide lighter and more roomy Offices in which the ever-growing work of the Department can be carried on, not only with less detriment to the health of the Staff, but also to the greater satisfaction of the community at large. The present building may have sufficed in the early days of the Colony when mails were less frequent than they are now, but no unprejudiced person will I think deny that it is not sufficient for the requirements of the present day.

16. Mainly from the necessity of having to perform so much of the work of the Office in an atmosphere overheated by gas and laden with dust stirred up by handling the large number of Mail Bags that are almost constantly being received and despatched, the health of the Staff has, as in former years, been very unsatisfactory and hardly a week has passed without the absence through sickness of one or another of the Staff at a time when he could ill be spared. This could be remedied by lighting the Office with the Electric Light, as was shown by the Postmaster General in his Report last year.

17. Table F shews the Revenue and Expenditure for the year as compared with that of 1891 :-

The Revenue in 1891 was,

$142,770.03 $ 157,699.03

$ 14,929.00

in 1892

""

27

17

Increase,

The Expenditure in 1891 was,

..$ 140,165.01

in 1892

""

"1

29

.$ 154,248.30

Increase,

$ 14,083.29

14,929.00

....

If we deduct this from the Increase of Revenue,...$

The nett increase of Revenue is,

$ 845.71

The increase of Expenditure is due to the low rate of Exchange, and the change in the system of accounting referred to below. During the year a sum of $1,171.66 on account of transit charges due to this Colony for the year 1891 was collected. This amount as well as a sum of $171.18 interest on Money Order transactions has been passed to the credit of 'Miscellaneous Receipts' instead of being credited to Postal Revenue as in former years. If these sums had been credited to Postal Revenue, the total amount of Revenue for last year would have been $159,041.87, and there would have been a nett increase to the Revenue of $469.78.*

*

Revenue 1891,

[Refund of Postage,..

.$142,770.03 1,568.42

Revenue 1892, Refund of Postage,

.$157,699.03

1,171.66

Interest on Money Order Fund,.

150.35

Interest on Money Order Fund,..

171,18

$144,488.80

$159,041.87

Deduct Revenue 1891,

144,488.80

Increase,

Deduct Increase Expenditure,

Nett Increase Revenue,

Formerly included in Postal Revenue, since 1891 carried to “Miscellaneous Receipts."

14,553.07

14,083.29

469.78

207

18. Local deliveries to the Town, which had hitherto been made three times a day were last year made every two hours commencing at 8 A.M. and finishing at 6 P.M. For this purpose the Town is considered to be that portion of the City lying between Ship Street and Bonham Strand West, and between the Sea and Robinson Road. The portions beyond are regarded as Suburbs. Deliveries to the Suburbs are made three times a day and to the Peak and Kowloon twice a day. These deliveries cannot be regarded as effected at present in a perfectly satisfactory manner. The experience of the past year has satisfied me that the causes of this are:-

1stly. The want of sufficient room in which to carry on the work. This is especially felt on the days on which the French, English and American Mails are despatched when local correspondence is liable to get mixed with that intended for the outgoing mail and is only found when the correspondence for that mail is sorted, which is probably not until after the delivery hour has passed. With a view to remedy this, Special Drop Boxes have been provided for posting Local Correspondence. But the remedy is not an effectual one as Local Letters are still posted in the same Drop Box as letters for the outgoing mails.

2ndly. These deliveries have been attempted without the appointment of the full Staff which the late Mr. LISTER, after careful consideration, deemed necessary for the efficient carrying out of this work, and for which provision has already been made in the Estimates.

3rdly. The difficulty that is experienced in making the Postmen understand where private residences, such as Marlingford, La Hacienda, and Glenifer, are situated, and the further difficulty in cases where the Private Residence is known to them, of inducing them to depart from the old custom of delivering letters at the nearest place of business. Dismissal of the Postman for delivering at business places letters which are addressed to Private Residences has no good effect, for the new Postman has to be taught his District, and while he is learning it the deliveries are more unsatisfactory than they were with the man who has been dismissed.

Another cause which contributes to the unsatisfactory nature of these deliveries is to be found in the fact that a Town which extends for at least three miles in length and has two large and important suburbs like Kowloon and the Peak has to be served from a single Post Office, where the Staff is fully occupied during the entire working day from 7 A.M. to 5 P.M. with the despatch and receipt of Mails to and from places situated all over the world.

To remedy the defects in the Local deliveries, I would strongly recommend the establishment of Branch Post Offices at the Peak and Kowloon, and in the Eastern and Western Suburbs. The powers necessary for this are contained in Ordinance 1 of 1887, § 2.

The advantages of having such Offices are many and are sufficiently obvious to render an enumeration of them almost superfluous. But, by way of illustration, take the case of the Peak District. At present, deliveries are effected by means of two Postmen who leave the Post Office at 11.30 A.M. and 3.30 P.M. daily, one of these after delivering letters to a portion of the Peak District has to go on to Magazine Gap, and besides delivering letters they have to clear the Pillar Boxes. It is found that it takes the Postman whose deliveries are confined entirely to the Peak, as a rule, from two to two and a half hours to effect his deliveries and return to the Post Office, while the other Postman takes, as a rule, from two and a half to three hours, and if they have many letters to deliver it takes longer. The consequence is that letters posted in the Pillar Boxes before noon never reach the Post Office in time for the Noon Delivery, and very often not until after the Postmen have started for the 2 P.M. Delivery. It is the same thing in the afternoon. If there were a Post Office at the Peak, letters posted there, or in the Pillar Boxes, could be got ready to hand to the Postman on his arrival at Noon and 4 P.M., and he could at once return to the General Post Office, leaving the mails he has brought up to be distributed by the Peak Post Office. The letters from the Peak would be received at the General Post Office, sorted according to the several delivery districts, and could be sent out at once, and the delay necessitated by sorting them when they reach the General Post Office would be avoided. On mail days also it would be possible to make provision for letters being posted up to say a hour before the mail is closed in the General Post Office, and it would also be possible to provide the convenience of additional deliveries at the Peak. The same argument applies to Kowloon, and the Eastern and Western suburbs of the Town. Take the case of these latter.

Take the case of these latter. A person living in the Western suburbs posts a letter for the Eastern suburbs in one of the Pillar Boxes at 8 A.M.; it is cleared by the Postman in the course of his rounds with the 9 A.M. deliveries, and perhaps, does not reach the General Post Office till 11.30 A.M.; it is sent out again at Noon. The reply is posted in a Pillar Box shortly after, but cannot reach the General Post Office until the return of the Postman from his 5 P.M. deliveries by which time the Post Office is closed and the letter does not get delivered till next morning. With Post Offices in these suburbs a letter posted in the West before 8.45 A.M. would reach the General Post Office in time to be sent to the Eastern Post Office at nine, and the reply would be in time to be

208

despatched to the Western Post Office at Noon. And, indeed, it would under these circumstances be possible to arrange for two-hourly, if not hourly, deliveries all over the Town; while on mail days the convenience to residents in the suburbs would be very great.

The deliveries would also be expedited if there was a letter box attached to the door of each house into which the Postmen could drop the letters, and pass on without the loss of time involved in finding some one to take delivery.

Whether any improvement would result from the substitution of Indians or the poorer class of Portuguese for Chinese as letter-carriers could only be ascertained after trial. At any rate the difficulties of contending with old custom would disappear, and there would be greater certainty that letters addressed to Private Residences would be delivered as addressed, and not taken to the addressees' Offices.

19. The Postal Work at the Agencies at the Coast Ports has been carried on in a most satisfactory manner. During the year there were several changes in the personnel of the Agencies. Mr. E. T. C. WERNER, who for a long time had rendered most efficient service at Canton, resigned on October 21st, on transfer to Tientsin, Mr. G. D. PITZIPIOS being appointed to succeed him; he, however, left for England on November 28th, and the duties of the Agency were undertaken by Mr. F. S. A. BOURNE during the remainder of the year. On November 1st, Mr. H. A. GILES handed over the Ningpo Agency to Mr. P. F. HAUSSER, at whose request Mr. C. KILGOUR was on the 18th appointed Postal A gent. On December 13th, Mr. R. W. HURST resigned the Agency at Foochow, and Mr. E. C. WILTON was appointed in his stead.

20. Table G gives the particulars of Money Order transactions during the year. The question of a direct exchange with the United States is under consideration. It is hoped that arrangements for the issue of Postal Notes for Local use will be completed before long.

21. My thanks are due to the Officers in charge of the Postal Agencies and to the Staff of this Department for the ready assistance rendered to me in my endeavours to meet the convenience of the Public and at the same time keep down expenses.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary.

Box No.

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

G. STAFFORD NORTHCOTE,

Acting Postmaster General.

Table A.-Return of Correspondence collected from the Pillar Letter Boxes in Town from

August 15th to December 31st, 1892.

Locality.

No. of Letters.

7

8

9

10

11

12

Arsenal Street,

Harbour Office,...

Albany and Robinson Roads,

Seymour and Castle Roads,

Old Bailey Street,....

Robinson and Bonham Roads,.

13

Percival Street,

14

No. 7 Police Station,

804

479

98

174

403

146

19

949

Total Number of Letters,

3,072

G. STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, Acting Postmaster General.

General Post Office, Hongkong, April 7th, 1893.

Table B.-Return of Correspondence received from and despatched to the Peak District and Kowloon during the Year 1892.

209

1891.

1892.

Increase.

Decrease.

Received,

364

498

134

Peak District,

Despatched,

4,876

5,390

514

Received,

159

1,282

1,123

Kowloon,

Despatched,

2,068

3,346

1,278

General Post Office, Hongkong, April 7th, 1893.

Table C.-Statistics of Parcels for the Year 1892.

G. STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, Acting Postmaster General.

Despatched.

Ordinary

Insured

Received.

Ordinary

Insured

Parcels.

Parcels.

Parcels.

Parcels.

To United Kingdom,.

6,279

182

From United Kingdom,

9,970

320

», India,

520

23

India,

392

86

Germany,

175

99

Germany,

389

39

Australia,

162

55

Australia,

83

Ceylon,....

52

Ceylon,

47

""

Egypt,

20

"

Egypt,

242

"

Gibraltar and Malta,.

10

""

Gibraltar and Malta,......

22

""

Coast Ports,......

4,450

25

Coast Ports,

3,200

Total,......

11,668

205

Total,.....

14,345

406

General Post Office, Hongkong, April 7th, 1893.

Table D.-Approximate Statistics for the Year 1892.

G. STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, Acting Postmaster General.

International.

Local.

Comparison with 1891.

Description of Correspondence.

Total.

Des- patched.

Received.

Des- patched.

Received.

Total in 1891.

Increase. Decrease.

Ordinary paid Letters,

636,300|635,900 76,200

87,050

1,435,450 1,346,050

Unpaid or Short-paid Articles,

8,950 31,300

350

880

Letters on Postal Business,

2,550 1,130

1,650

1,170

Post Cards,..

13,900 14,000 3,900

2,250

culars, &c.,

Newspapers, Periodicals, Books, Cir- 287,050 653,750

48,200

33,250

Patterns,

Registered Articles,

10,300 29,300 40,550

83,350

Do.,

with Return Receipts,. 200

260

200 4,450 60

6,500 34,050 23,350 10,700

1,022,250

70

39,870 6,000 134,350

|

89,400

41,480 28,750

12,730

7,750

1,250

100

1,001,250

21,000

31,700 8,170

114,900 19,450

620

2,080

1,460

General Post Office, Hongkong, April 7th, 1893.

G. STAFFORD NORTHCOTE,

Acting Postmaster General.

210

Table E.-Comparative Postal Statistics for each year from 1886 to 1892.

Description of Correspondence.

Difference

1886.

1887.

1888.

1889;

1890.

1891.

1892.

between 1886 & 1802.

Ordinary Paid Letters,........

Unpaid or Short-paid Articles,

Letters on Postal Business,.....

46,000

4,000

1,095,000 | 1,120,000 1,147,000 1,283,700

44,000 46,000 39,180

4,400 5,405

22,800 28,750

1,325,750 | 1,346,050 | 1,435,450 | +340,450

41,480

4,520

8,350

8,100

7,750

6,500+ 2,500

Post Cards,

9,900

12,500 14,375

13,700

24,300

23,350

34,050 + 24,150

Newspapers, Periodicals, Books, &C.,...........

716,100

760,500

798,575

920,000

949,350 | 1,001,250 | 1,022,250 | +306,150

Patterns,

8,000

9,500

9,775

23,700

20,000 31,700

39,870 + 31,870

Registered Articles,

58,900

62,500

69,125

96,400

110,600 114,900

134,35075,450

Do.,

with Return Receipts,

4,500

5,500

6,325

2,200

Parcels,

8,506

13,123 17,030

1,450

25,050

2,080

620

25,900 26,624 +18,118

3,880

Total of all Descriptions,

1,950,906 2,018,900 | 2,109,703 | 2,404,260 | 2,487,400 2,581,730 | 2,741,194 +790,288

General Post Office, Hongkong, April 7th, 1893.

Table F.-Revenue for the year 1892.

G. STAFFORD Northcote,

Acting Postmaster General.

Receipts.

1891.

1892.

Increase.

Decrease.

Expenditure.

1891.

1892.

Increase. Decrease.

Sale of Postage Stamps,

Unpaid Postage,

Boxholders' Fees,

Commissions on

Money Orders,................)

131,287.87 144,149.84 12,861.97

5,086.40 5,431.71 345,31

2,418.34 2,360.00

Share of United }

Kingdom,

23,200.07

27,999.85 4,799.78

Share of other

Countries,

(a) 28,749.24 | (6) 27,327.43

1,421.81

58.34

Commission on

737.79

972.30

234.51

Money Orders,

Contributions to-

3,177.36

3,841.06 663.70

wards P. & O. Sub-

37,770.50

42,326.07 4,555.57

sidy,.

Profit on Exchange on Money Order Transactions,

Conveyance of Mails,.

6,909.34

800.06

1,916.42 1,116.36

Working Expenses,

42,798.07

7,836.21 47,786.44

Balance,

2,605.02

3,450.73

926.87 4.988.37 845.71

...

***

Total,....

142,770.03

157,699.03 14,987.34

58.34

Total,.

142,770.03

157,699.03 16,350.811,421.81

Revenue 1891,...

1892,..

Increase,..

.$ 142,770.03 157,699.03

14,929.00

(a) $23,373.58 paid to France for the years 1889 and 1890.

$ 4,143.23 Germany

1891.

??

"

General Post Office, Hongkong, April 7th, 1893.

G. Stafford Northcote, Acting Postmaster General.

Table G.-MONEY ORDER BUSINESS, 1892.

No. of Orders.

Amount.

Colonial

211

Total

Com- Commis- mission. sion.

In Sterling.

£ S.

d.

$ cts.

$ cls.

Do.

Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies on United Kingdom,

Queensland,

2,084

8,335.19. 2

267.76

29

105.16. 6

1.67

Do.

New South Wales,

80

290.11. 6

7.56

Do.

Victoria,

37

118. 7. 0

4.07

Do.

South Australia,

11

25. 4.11

1.13

Do.

Western Australia,

1

10. 0. 0

0.80

Do.

Tasmania,

2

17. O

0.14

Do.

New Zealand,

6

14.15. 3

0.53

Total Outward Orders in Sterling,.

2,250

8,901.11. 4

283.66

283.66

United Kingdom on Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies,

791

2,600. 2. 5

182.34

Queensland,

New South Wales,

Victoria,

South Australia,

Western Australia,

Tasmania,

New Zealand,

Do.,

228

1,240.19. 1

100.09

Do.,

415

2,117.19. 6

161.04

Do.,

204

1,316. 5. 3

100.53

Do.,

35

168.16. 4

16.53

Do.,

38

217. 5. 0

Do.,

203

1,387.15. 0

103.14

Do.,

12

41.17. 6

3.06

Total Inward Orders in Sterling,

1.926

9,091. 0. 1

666.73

666.73

In Dollars.

Hongkong on Shanghai,

Do.

Coast Ports,

$ cts.

108

1,892.10

42.00

30

282.55

6.40

Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies on Canada,

31

608.40

9.57

Do.

Japan,

532

13,126.18

138.00

Do.

Straits Settlements,

133

1,565.22

35.60

Do.

Siam,

11

129.48

1.50

Do.

British North Borneo,

16

219.35

3.20

Total Outward Orders in Dollars,

861

17,823.28

236.27

236.27

Shanghai on Hongkong and Coast Ports,

89

1,469.60

33.60

Canada on Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies,

123

4,012.75

20.07

Japan

Do.,

73

1,023.03

0.93

Straits Settlements,

Do.,

226

3,329.57

9.95

Siam

Do.,

23

168.39

5.05

British North Borneo,

Do.,

80

914.61

9.22

Total Inward Orders in Dollars,

614

10,917.95

78.82

78.82

In Rupees and Annas.

Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies on India,

India on Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies,

Rs. as.

2,547

209

19,022.12

185,984.10 1,117.17 1,117.17

44.79

44.79

In Rupees and Cents.

Rs.

cts.

Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies on Ceylon,...........

17

664.36

3.72

3.72

Ceylon on Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies,......

15

406.80

0.89

0.89

Postal Orders on United Kingdom.

£ s.

d.

1/0 Orders,.

1,059

52.19. O

1/6

982

73.13. O

Sold at Hongkong, Shanghai and Agencies,

5/0

767

191.15. 0

10/0 20/0

1,170

585. 0. 0

3,066

3,066. 0. 0

7,044

3,969. 7. 0

401.68

401.68

TOTAL,

$2,833.73

General Post Office, Hongkong, April 7th, 1893. .

G. STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, Acting Postmaster General.

F

73

2

No. 93

HONGKONG.

CORRESPONDENCE RESPECTING THE PROPOSED LOAN.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 25th January, 1893.

To the Secretary of State for the Colonies, No. 39 of 2nd February, 1892.

MY LORD,

I have the honour to transmit for Your Lordship's consideration copy of the* speech I addressed to the Legislative Council on its re-assembling on the 25th ultimo.

From this document Your Lordship will observe that I do not concur in the opinion expressed by Major-General BARKER that the necessity for raising a loan has not yet arisen. When the Committee referred to in my speech has reported, I will address Your Lordship again on the subject.

I have, &c.,

WILLIAM ROBINSON.

To the Secretary of State for the Colonies, No. 140 of 19th April, 1892.

MY LORD,

With reference to my despatch, No. 39 of the 2nd of February last, I have the honour to transmit for Your Lordship's information copies of the report* of the Committee of the Legislative Council which I appointed to consider the advisability of raising a public loan.

Although I do not agree with the conclusion arrived at by the Committee, yet in view of the financial authority of most of its members, I decided not to press the matter further immediately. I am nevertheless quite satisfied that the raising of a loan cannot be deferred longer than a few months, and that it will be found more advantageous to raise the loan in gold in London than locally in silver; and I have therefore to suggest, with a view to avoiding delay whenever it may be decided to raise the loan, that the Crown Agents be now desired to state all the particulars which are not already in their possession and which they will require to enable them to draw up the prospectus of the loan.

I have, &c.,

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

No. 39 of 2nd February. No. 140 of 19th April.

SIR,

To the Governor of Hongkong, No. 200 of 29th July, 1892.

I have had under my consideration your despatches noted in the margiu, and have decided to sanction the raising of a loan by the Hongkong Government of an amount not exceeding two hundred thousand pounds for the purpose of con- structing those of the proposed public works which it is most urgently necessary to proceed with.

* Already presented to the Council.

[

74

2. The works which may be charged wholly or partially to the loan are the completion of the Central Market, the Praya Reclamation, and the Water and Sewage undertakings which have already been begun or are in contemplation, and also the improvements of the Gaol accommodation which are under consideration.

3. It will be desirable that the money should be raised by Inscribed Stock, and not by Debentures as was the case with the last loan. I enclose drafts of the following documents which the Crown Agents have prepared at my request with a view to raising a loan in that manner and converting the existing Debenture issue, viz. :-

(1) General loan and Inscribed Stock Ordinance ;

(2) Order in Council authorising the Crown Agents to make the decla- ration identifying the Stock under the provisions of the Colonial Stock Act 1877;

(3) Declaration by the Governor under the provisions of the General Loan and Inscribed Stock Act as to conversion of existing loans; (4) Request to Crown Agents to act as Agents for management of

Inscribed Stock and Conversions;

(5) Ordinance authorising an issue under the General Loan and Inscribed Stock Ordinance, where the contribution to the sinking fund is to commence from the date of issue of the stock; and

(6) Ordinance authorising an issue under the General Loan and

Inscribed Stock Ordinance, where the date of commencement of contributions to the sinking fund is deferred.

4. It is important to adhere closely to the wording of the enclosed drafts, more especially as regards Nos. (2), (3) and (4). As the public works to be con- structed under the loan now authorised will not be immediately remunerative, it may be well to use the form of Ordinance which defers the contribution to the sinking fund, and to allow such contributions to commence (say) three years after the date on which the interest begins to accrue. The Ordinance should state that the loan is "for the purpose of constructing the public works set forth in the schedule to this Ordinance," and the works specified in paragraph 2 of the present despatch or such of them as you decide to charge to the loan should be mentioned in the said schedule.

5. With reference to the last paragraph of your despatch No. 140 of 19th April last, I have to request you to furnish the Crown Agents with the following particulars, viz.: the statistics of revenue and expenditure and the amount of the shipping at Hongkong for the last ten years, and for the first half of the current year, and the present amount of the public debt.

6. I should have wished that the issue could have been deferred, but as the balances are already exhausted, and as the existing commercial depression would preclude the realization of assets by the sale of land, any further postponement of this step may be undesirable.

7. In any case I should not be prepared to approve the suggestion-made by the Committee that further advances should be obtained from the local banks. The disadvantages of that method of raising money, and the comparative advantage (on the whole) of borrowing in this country in gold when borrowing becomes necessary, were pointed out in the Secretary of State's despatches No. 5 of the 30th June, 1885, and No. 21 of the 2nd February, 1886.

I have, &c.,

KNUTSFORD.

HONG KONG. No. 80.

375

No. 93

24

HONGKONG.

CORRESPONDENCE RE ISSUE OF LOAN UNDER ORDINANCE No. 2 OF 1893.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 19th June, 1893.

SIR,

DOWNING STREET,

5 May, 1893.

I have the honour to transmit to you, for your information, with reference to my despatch No. 43 of the 9th of March, a copy of the correspondence noted below respecting the issue of £200,000 Hong Kong Government 3 per cent. Stock. I have the honour to be,

The Officer Administering the Government of

Sir,

Your most obedient humble Servant,

R. H. MEADE, for the Secretary of State.

(Copy.)

26 April,

5 May,

HONG KONG.

Date.

Description of Document.

Copy of a letter from the Crown Agents.

Copy of reply.

DOWNING STREET,

26th April, 1893.

HONG KONG,

SIR,

With reference to your letter of the 9th instant I have the honour to enclose two copies of the advertisement which we issued on the 19th instant for Tenders for £200,000 Hong Kong Government 3 per cent. Stock, authorised by Ordinance No. 2 of 1893. The tenders called for by this advertisement were opened yesterday, and amounted to £625,500 ranging from the minimum of £98 up to £102.1.0. The average price realised was £100. 12.7.

2. We telegraphed this result to the Colonial Secretary yesterday, and we think it inay be regarded as satisfactory. Hong Kong 3 per cent. Stock has secured a position surpassed only by the similar stock of Canada and the Cape, both large, well known and marketable issues. We have not overlooked the suggestion made by the Governor in his despatch No. 9 of the 13th January that, having regard to the price quoted for Ceylon 3 per cent. Stock, a three per cent. Hong Kong Stock would probably be well received. It appears to us that the position of the two Colonies as far as they are known as borrowers here is not quite identical, Ceylon Government Securities having for many years ranked among investments of the highest class, while Hong Kong is known only by its single small issue of four

per cent. Debentures. Moreover the Ceylon three per cent. Stock was issued during a period of great inflation and, even then, was not placed without some difficulty.

The Under Secretary of State,

Colonial Office.

376

Any considerable further issue at the present time would undoubtedly depress the stock to a figure which taken as a basis for estimating the probable result of a similar issue for Hong Kong would give a price at so great a discount as to leave a saving in interest, as compared with a 33 per cent. Stock at par, altogether insuffi- cient to compensate the Colony for the loss in repaying the debt.

3. The conversion of the four per cent. Debenture loan into the new Stock will be taken into consideration as soon as we have secured a Stock Exchange quotation for the Stock.

4. The original enclosures to your two letters of the 9th ultimo are returned herewith.

(Copy.)

I have, &c.

(Sd.)

M. F. OMMANNEY.

DOWNING STREET,

5 May, 1893.

GENTLEMEN,

I am directed by the Marquess of Ripon to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 26th ultimo and to convey to you an expression of his Lordship's pleasure at the satisfactory price which has been obtained for the recent issue of £200,000 Hong Kong Government 3 per cent. Stock.

The Crown Agents

for the Colonies.

I am &c.

(Sd.)

EDWARD FAIRFIELD.

7

109

No.

9

93

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS FOR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 22nd March, 1893,

No. 117.

PUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, 7th February, 1893.

REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1892.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward you a report on the works carried out by this Department during the past year. Owing to the amalgamation of the Surveyor General's and the Water and Drainage Departments early in the year, I propose to deal in this report with the whole of the Public Works previously in charge of these two departments.

ANNUALLY RECURRENT WORKS.

2. Repairs of Buildings.-The following new Buildings were completed in 1891. The Civil Hospital Coolie Quarters, Lunatic Asylum for Chinese, Police Stations at Aberdeen, Kennedy Town and Quarry Bay, and the District School Saiyingpun, the maintenance and repair of which therefore became chargeable during the past year to this vote.

3. The old Central School has been removed, the site being utilised for the erection of "The Belilios School for Girls."

4. The total number of Buildings of all description now in charge of this Department is one hundred and twenty-nine.

The whole of these, with the exception of Mountain Lodge which has practically been abandoned, have been maintained in a satisfactory condition.

5. Extensive repairs to the roof at Government House and the floors of the Supreme Court House were carried out during the latter part of the year.

During the repairs of the Supreme Court temporary accommodation was provided at the Masonic Hall in Zetland Street.

6. The construction of a small addition to the Magistracy mentioned in my last report was completed in the month of April.

7. The following buildings have been painted externally, Shektongtsui Market, Stanley Police Station, Taitam Police Station and Saiyingpun Market.

8. The re-drainage of the Harbour Officers' Quarters and of the Government Office Stables has been effected.

9. The contractors for the work done in connection with the repair and maintenance of Govern- ment Buildings during the past year have been Mr. A Hok for work within the City of Victoria and Messrs. CHAN A TONG & Co. for work outside the city.

10. For the purpose of checking the expenditure incurred by this Department on buildings in occupation by other departments, separate departmental accounts have been kept during the past year.

The following list shews the several headings of account and the expenditure against them :—

Department.

(1) Government House, Government Offices, Supreme Court, Botanical

Department,

(2) Police Stations, and Magistracy,

(3) Gaol,.

(4) Educational (Schools),

(5) Sanitary Board,

(6) Medical (Hospitals and Asylums),

(7) Miscellaneous,

....

(8) Harbour (Office and Powder Magazine),

Total,

Amount.

$10,037.74

8,241.61

1,586.04

1,912.17

4,269.20

3,714.77

3,131.25

1,087.87

.$33,980.65

11. Maintenance of Telegraphs.-During the past year a good deal has been done towards the more efficient maintenance of the Telegraph lines; iron poles have been substituted for wooden ones wherever the latter have required renewal.

110

12. In August last, C.S.O.

810

2, I submitted a report on the present system of Government telegraphs and suggested certain alterations, including the more general introduction of Telephones, for the improvement of electrical communication between the several Police Stations and Government Buildings throughout the Colony.

Provision has been made in this year's estimates for meeting to a large extent the expenditure involved in introducing these improvements.

13. Public Cemetery -The Public Cemetery has been maintained in a satisfactory manner without involving any exceptional expenditure.

The number of interments during the year has been eighty-two.

14. Maintenance of Praya Wall and Piers.-The usual repairs have been carried out and the Praya Wall and Piers maintained in a satisfactory condition.

15. A settlement has occurred in the Praya Wall in front of Marine Lots 177-181 Praya West. This settlement does not at present endanger either the safety of the wall or roadway but it will be necessary shortly to raise the wall to its original level. Upon this subject I shall address you a separate communication.

16. The new pier at Yaumati was completed in March last, at a cost of $4,274.27.

17. Maintenance of Lighthouses.-The Lighthouses are in an efficient state of repair and no extra- ordinary expenditure has been incurred on their maintenance.

18. Maintenance of Disinfector.-The Disinfector has been maintained in good working order though seldom required during the past year.

19. In the month of December last the Disinfector was placed in charge of the Sanitary Board as the department most frequently requiring its use. The building and apparatus is still periodically inspected and maintained by this department, and any expenditure incurred for this purpose is charged against the vote "Repairs to Buildings."

20. Dredging Foreshores.-During the past year 48,200 cubic yards of material have been removed from the harbour at a cost of $8,075.39 including the cost of ordinary maintenance of the dredger. Exceptional expenditure has, however, been incurred on repairs to the machinery and hull of the dredger amounting to $884.87.

9

The annual contract for the removal of material dredged was let to Messrs. CHAN A TONG & Co. 21. Miscellaneous Works.-Several minor works have been carried out the more important of which are:-the construction of a Block House at Samsuipo, Contract No. 2, by TSANG A SIN; the construction of a fire-proof room for the use of the Supreme Court and Land Office; the con- struction of a gravel Tennis Court at Government House, and the erection of twelve Post Office Pillar Boxes in the City and Hill Districts.

22. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Victoria.--The Roads and Streets have been maintained in as satisfactory a condition as the extensive works of sewerage and water supply carried out by this Department and the works carried out by the Telegraph and Gas Companies during the past year would admit.

23. Garden Road has been concreted, Praya East, Bonham Road, Caine Road and Queen's Road Central have been macadamized, and Bullock and Cross Lanes, Wanchai, have been formed, channelled and kerbed.

Granite paving has been laid at some of the more important street crossings in the City.

24. The Bridges have been maintained in a satisfactory state of repair without involving any exceptional expenditure.

25. A new approach road has been constructed to Kennedy Town Police Station, Contract T832, by Mr. Foo SIK,

26. The annual contract for repairs to Roads and Bridges in the City was let to Mr. CHING LAI KEE. 27. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges out of Victoria.-Plantation and Mount Gough Roads in the Peak District have been concreted, the road from Aberdeen to Stanley thoroughly repaired, and the portion as far as Little Hongkong macadamized.

28. General repairs have been carried out on most of the Roads and Bridges in the outlying districts.

29. The Bridges at Deep Water Bay and Tsin-shui-wan mentioned in my last report have been reconstructed of iron and concrete, as have also the Bridges on the Little Hongkong New Road and the one at Wong-nei-chung which was damaged by the rain-storm of 1889.

30. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Kowloon.--These have been maintained in an efficient state of repair without involving any exceptional expenditure.

31. Maintenance of Water Works The whole of the works enumerated in my annual report dated the 13th of January, 1892, under the heading Existing Works together with those new works described therein as complete have been maintained in a satisfactory condition without any exceptional expenditure.

111

32. The Wong-nei-chung and Mint Dam reservoirs have been utilized for the supply of water to the East Point and Bowrington Sugar Refineries.

33. During the winter of 1891-92, steps were taken to measure the minimum supply obtainable during the dry season from the Mint Dam works. From the measurements made it appears that a minimum supply of 100,000 gallons per diem can be relied on during an ordinary dry season.

34. Satisfactory arrangements have been made during the past year by which the long pending question as to the rights of Messrs. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co. over the Mint Dam Works has been settled, the Government undertaking, in consideration of Messrs. JARDINE, MATHESON foregoing all rights over these works, to supply free of cost, 100,000 gallons per diem to the East Point Works.

The

35. The Taitam and Pokfulam Filter Beds have been in constant use throughout the year. quantity of water filtered at the former being 843,010,474 gallons and at the latter 260,364,100 gallons, giving an average rate of filtration of 848 gallons per square yard per 24 hours in the case of Taitam and 708 gallons per square yard per 24 hours in the case of Pokfulam.

36. The total expenditure on the maintenance of the Water Works including those of the Hill District during the year 1892 has been $9,996.75 divided as follows:- -

Maintaining Taitam Reservoir, Conduit and Filter Beds including supplying Sand and

cleaning Filters, $2,900.95.

Maintaining Pokfulam Reservoir, Conduit and Filter Beds including supplying Sand and

cleaning Filters, $1,038.48.

Maintaining the Distribution Works including cost of pumping water to the higher levels

of the City and the Hill District and inspection of House Services, $6,057.32.

37. The total quantity of water supplied to the City and Hill District was 1,183,647,574 gallons so that the cost per 1,000,000 gallons supplied has been $8.45.

38. The tabular statement in Appendix A shows the quantity of water abstracted from the Taitam, Pokfulam, Wong-nei-chung and Mint Dam Reservoirs during the past year.

39. In Appendices B and C will be found diagrams prepared from the annual report of the Director of the Government Observatory dated 15th April, 1892, shewing the monthly rainfall for the last 39 years and the rainfall for the months of September to May inclusive and for the months of October to April inclusive over the same period.

The portions coloured brown represent the actual rainfall and that coloured blue the average rainfall.

40. The ordinary dry season may be said to extend over the months of October to April inclusive or a period of 212 days, the average rainfall for that period being 18.74 inches.

41. When the rainfall for the months of September to May inclusive or over a period of 273 days falls much below the average as was the case in 1890 and 1891, and in 1885 and 1886, and 1886 and 1887, such period is one of exceptional drought, but their somewhat frequent occurrence points only too clearly to the necessity of exercising the utmost economy in the use of water and the most careful watchfulness against its misuse or waste.

42. A comparatively low rainfall or one much below the average during the months of September and October generally indicates an unusually lengthened period of drought.

43. As will be seen from the diagrams the rainfall during the dry season (October to April) of 1891 and 1892 was considerably above the average and the rainfall from September to May was also above it, consequently the scarcity of water experienced during the early part of 1891 and referred to in my last annual report was not again experienced during the early part of 1892.

(6

44. In view of the mistaken idea that seems generally prevalent in the Colony that now that the big reservoir at Taitam" has been constructed there cannot possibly be any scarcity of water I make no apology for entering rather more fully into the most important question of the capabilities of the present sources of supply and storage reservoirs to meet the ordinary requirements of a population of some 146,000 persons.

45. To take the most favourable circumstances let us say that both the reservoirs at Taitam and Pokfulam are full on the 1st of September, that is to say we have a supply of 378,000,000 gallons, to this must be added the dry weather flow into these reservoirs which amounts approximately in the case of Taitam to 150,000 gallons per diem and in the case of Pokfulam to 100,000 gallons per diem, (I say approximately for it is only recently that means have been available for ascertaining the dry. weather flow at Pokfulam and in the case of Taitan no means are as yet available,) neglecting evapora- tion we get a total supply available from these sources of 446,250,000 gallons during the period of 273 days or at the rate of 1,635,000 gallons per diem giving an average allowance of 11 gallons nearly per head per diem for a population of 146,000.

46. On examining the Table 42 annexed to my last report and Appendix A it will be seen that the consumption during the months of September to May inclusive was 763,645,000 gallons or at the rate of 191 gallons per head per diem.

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47. The supply obtainable from the Taitam and Pokfulam Catchment areas during a dry season of 273 days' duration is therefore insufficient to meet the present requirements of the City.

48. In November 1890, there being every appearance of a protracted dry season certain streams along the Taitam Conduit were intercepted.

During the last two years some further streams have been diverted into the Taitam and Pokfulam Conduits. The dry weather yield of these springs may be taken approximately at 350,000 gallons per diem or a total of 95,550,000 gallons during a protracted dry season of 273 days' duration.

49. Adding this to the supply obtainable from the Taitam and Pokfulam Catchment areas we get a total supply of 541,800,000 gallons or 221,845,000 less than the requirements of the City during such a period.

50. Though the matter is receiving careful consideration I am not at present in a position to make any definite proposal for materially increasing the quantity of water available for distribution within the City during such seasons as I have above described, and which do actually occur from time to time as was only too evident in the winter of 1890 and 1891 when the intermittent system of supply had to be resorted to during the months of February, March, April and a portion of May.

51. It is obvious from the foregoing that if the time has not actually arrived when steps for increasing the water supply should be taken in hand it cannot be very far off if the population of the City continues to increase. It therefore behoves every water consumer to exercise the greatest vigilance against the waste and misuse of water and to banish from his mind at once the idea that the supply contained in the "big reservoir at Taitam is inexhaustible.

17

52. Quality of Water.-I am indebted to Mr. W. E. CROW, Government Analyst, for monthly analyses of the Pokfulam and Taitam Water before and after filtration. The results of these analyses are contained in Appendices E and F, an examination of which will shew that the filters have acted effectually during the past year and the high standard of purity of the water distributed has been maintained.

53. Consumption of Water-Various details as to the consumption of water during the past year will be found in Appendix D from which it will be seen the total consumption in the City and Hill District amounted to 1,183,647,574 gallons the maximum obtaining during the month of August and the minimum during the month of February.

54. Taking the resident civil population at 152,000 and deducting the water supplied exclusively for trade purposes, and also that supplied for the Public Gardens and Markets, and to the Military (22,701,000 gallons) and Naval Establishments (5,044,000 gallons), we obtain an average consumption by the Civil Population for domestic purposes over the whole year of 19 gallons per head per diem.

55. In accordance with Section 14 of the Water Works Ordinance, meters have been fixed for the supplies of several Government institutions. These are enumerated in Appendix G.

56. During the past year the services to 2,069 houses have been inspected, of which 1,035 were found defective. These have now been put in order, though I regret to say that several instances have come to my notice where after the owners of property have gone to the expense of laying on water to premises, putting taps and fittings in order for the convenience of their tenants and the prevention of waste the improved fittings have been removed and defective ones substituted.

57. Doubtless the improved fittings had been removed and fixed in adjoining premises by unscru- pulous persons for the purpose of putting the water services in order by the time came for their inspection.

58. If occupiers of premises would, say even once a week, inspect the taps and fittings they would be saved a great deal of trouble and annoyance due from the loss of their property, the constant presence of workmen in their houses and the possibility of the water being temporarily cut off owing to the great waste taking place on account of the existence of defective taps and fittings.

59. In Appendix J will be found diagrams shewing the hourly consumption of water during period of 24 hours in the months of August and December, 1891, and March, June and December, 1892.

60. The consumption of water during the night doubtless strikes many not acquainted with the habits of the population as very large, but it is in a great measure accounted for especially during the summer months by the various trades the Chinese carry on during the night. The premises in which these trades are followed are gradually being singled out and meters fixed on the services. Further the lavish use of water by the nightsoil coolies for the washing out of utensils is another factor tending to swell the consumption during the night.

61. These causes do not, however, account for the whole of the night consumption. By the use of Tylors waste detecting meters, houses have been found in which taps have purposely been left run- ning, probably for the greater part of the night, owing to the erroneous impression that such a dribble of water flushes out the house drain. I have not the slightest hesitation in saying that one bucket of water poured rapidly down a drain will do more good by way of keeping it clean than 100 buckets wasted by allowing taps to run in this manner. A further source of constant waste is the prevalent practice of turning on taps and washing clothes and other articles by allowing the water to run freely over them instead of filling a bucket or tub and washing articles in such bucket or tub.

113

62. These are matters that can only be dealt with by the occupiers of premises and unless such careless waste of water is prevented by them I can only suggest that all occupiers be called on to take their supply by meter, pay meter rent, and pay for the quantity of water actually consumed.

63. Meters. During the year, 66 meters have been fixed varying in size from ths of an inch to 3 inches, making the total number now in use 130.

64. The quantity of water supplied by meter will be seen on reference to Appendix D.

65. House Service. The demands made on this department to lay on water to private tenements and repair existing defective services still continue large, 507 applications having been received and attended to during the past year, the cost being paid by the applicant.

66. The total number of houses now connected with the water mains in the City of Victoria is 3,463 and in the Hill District 79.

67. Maintenance of Sewers.-As the new sewerage works progress the old sewers in the higher levels of the City are rapidly becoming storm-water drains only. The diversion of the sewage proper from those in the lower levels will be a work of time, but until this is done we cannot hope to get rid of the effluvia that sometimes arises from gully gratings especially during the dry season..

68. The construction of gullies which intercept a large quantity of road detritus and other material finding its way into the side channels has doubtless caused a marked improvement in the condition of the large storm-water drains in some portions of the City.

in

69. The cleaning out of these gullies and the removal of the deposit from them is, as pointed out my last annual report, a matter of considerable importance. This work is included in the Scavenging Contract and is under the supervision of the Sanitary Board and its Officers.

70. The whole of the sewers and storm-water drains have been maintained in a satisfactory condition without incurring any exceptional expenditure, except in one instance where a portion of the Robinson Road sewer, Kowloon, had to be taken up and re-laid on account of the roots of trees having found access into it.

71. Though trees along the sides of roads are very useful for shade purposes they (especially banyan trees) very much interfere with the maintenance of roads and drains, and I am of opinion the planting and growth of trees along the road sides within the built area should not be further encouraged.

72. The expenditure on account of Annually Recurrent Works will be found in Appendix M.

73. Street Lighting. The lighting of the City by Gas and Electricity has been satisfactorily carried out under the contracts with the Hongkong and China Gas Company dated 4th January, 1892. and the Electric Company dated 15th October, 1890, and 10th April, 1891, for periods of three years, 74. Gas lamps have been erected in the roads and streets of Yaumati and Tsimshatsui, Kowloon, and were first lighted on the 1st of November.

75. The total number of Gas lamps lighted in the City of Victoria is 641 and in Kowloon 78. 76. The total number of Electric lights in the City of Victoria is 75.

LAND SURVEY BRANCH.

77. During the past year 13 land sales have taken place, the area leased being 4,129,143 square feet, including Kowloon Farm Lot No. 13 of an area of 53 acres. The premiums realized amounting to $113,562.00.

78. A portion of Kowloon Farm Lot No. 13 has been converted into Inland Lots and 1,477,700 square feet of the adjoining property has been granted to the lessee of this lot partly as Inland and partly as Marine lots subject to special conditions as to construction of roads, sewers, &c. (C.S.O. 581).

79. Extensions to existing lots of a total area of 267,367 square feet have been granted, premiums realized being $12,506.21.

80. Leases have been issued for the New Marine and Inland Lots reclaimed in front of the Wharf and Godown Co.'s premises at West Point comprising a total area of 85,386 square feet, and also for the New Marine Lots reclaimed at Kennedy Town comprising a total area of 202,409 square feet.

81. Surveys have been made, boundaries corrected and plans and particulars forwarded to the Land Office for the issue of 253 leases.

82. Surveys have been made of the villages of Pokfulam, Little Hongkong (old and new), Tai Hang Tsun, and the Chinese cemeteries at Mount Davis, Aberdeen, Stanley, Sheko, Shaukiwan, and Caroline Hill.

83. As will be seen from the tabular statement on the next page, 1,880 squatter's licences have been issued, the fees for which amount to $6,380.89.

84. Considerable difficulty has been experienced in the collection of fees from the squatters, several continuing to occupy Crown Land without taking out or renewing their licences.

:

114

85. It is, however, to be hoped the steps now being taken and the consideration given by the Squatters Board to the claims of many squatters in the villages, with a view to definitely defining their holdings and granting leases where practicable, will eventually place the occupation of Crown Land in the outlying villages on a satisfactory basis.

86. The claims in respect of Wongneichung, Aberdeen and Pokfulam have been considered. The lease plans and particulars for the issue of the leases in the first of these villages have been forwarded to the Land Office and the same information in respect of the two latter villages is in course of pre- paration.

87. The construction of New Roads in Kowloon has rendered practicable the settlement of some of the long outstanding questions respecting the conversion of certain Garden Lots situated in Tsim- shatsui into Inland Lots.

WORK UNDER THE BUILDING ORDINANCE.

88. During the past year 8 plans for 11 European houses, 38 plans for 221 Chinese houses, 41 plans for miscellaneous structures, and 129 plans for alterations to existing buildings have been sub- mitted, making in all 216 plans deposited under Section 69 of Ordinance 15 of 1889.

89. Two hundred and twenty-two (222) buildings have been certified under Section 53 of Ordinance 15 of 1889.

90. Permission has been given to erect 41 verandahs and 12 piers over Crown Land.

91. Notices have been issued to remove or repair dangerous structures in 117 instances and to remove verandah enclosures in 3.

92. Seven hundred and ninety-five (795) miscellaneous notices and permits for the erection of scaffolding, opening roads, &c., &c., have been issued.

93. Forty-eight (48) permits have been issued for the erection and repair of monuments and enclosures in the Colonial Cemetery, the fees for which amount to $88.16.

94. All plans deposited have been duly registered and numbered; the registers are complete up to date.

Summary of Squatter's Licences issued for 1892 and amounts received.

Village.

No. issued.

Amount received.

Village.

No. issued.

Amount received.

$

C.

C.

Aberdeen, Aplichau,

Ah-kung-ngam,

Bowrington, Chai-wan,

30

79.74

Brought forward,

1,036

3,875.97

92

354.20

Quarry Bay,

5

10.49

7

54.32

Sandy Bay,

35

161.58

5.92

Sham-sui-po,

55

264.49

...

7

7.37

Shallow Water Bay,

2

2.50

Chung Hom Bay,

2

2.66

Shan-ki-wan, E.,

26

50.59

Coffee Plantation,

49

72.60

Deep Water Bay,

5.57

Sheko,

Fo-pang,

41

46.30

Fui-tu,

7

22.51

Do., W

Shek-shan,

Shui-ching-wan,

114

532.69

5

5.94

21

39.91

17

64.38

Fui-tu, South of

1

10.66

Stanley,..

12

21.75

Hau-pui-lung, ¦•

15

34.33

Sun-shan,

19

58.46

Ho-mun-tin,

45

139.45

4

Tai-hang,

32

57.24

Hung-hom,

15

430.50

Tai-shek-ku,

10

41.52

Hok-yuen,..

Ho-pui,

Kailung-wan,

Kau-pui-shek, Kennedy Town, Kwat-tsun-loong, Kwo-lo-wan,. Little Hongkong, Ma-tau-chung, Ma-tau-wei,

109

568.10

Tai-shu-wan,

3

2.14

1

3.75

·

Tai-kok-tsui,

173

420.22

2

37.90

Tin-wan,

6

18.52

32

54.20

Tai-min-tin,

1

0.86

24

21.62

To-kwa-wan,

200

305.26

12

25.60

Tong-po Island,

10

5.68

35

53.69

Tsat-tsz-mui,

30

132.89

4

4,57

Tso-pai,

1

1.76

56

168.53

Tung-lo-wan,

13

16.72

135

186.78

Tytam,

2

2.84

Ma-ti,

99

166.43

Ty-tam-tuk,

9

5.45

Mong-kok,

56

120.14

Victoria,

13

170.60

Mong-kok-tsui,

62

1,053.57

Wo-lui,

3

3.36

·

Ma-tau-kok,

Pak-shui-wan,

42

66.02

Wong-nei-chung,

9

56.09

2

6.65

41

72.29

Wong-kok-tsui,

Yau-ma-ti,

16

42.49

2

8.50

Pok-fu-lam,

Carried forward,

.. 1,036

3,875.97

Total,.

1,880

6,380.89

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EXTRAORDINARY PUBLIC WORKS.

3

95. Central Market. -The difficulty experienced in getting the contractor for the construction of the foundations and walls of this building to the level of the plinth to complete his contract, delayed the entry of another contractor to complete the building until the middle of August last, though the tender of Messrs. CHAN A TONG & Co., Contract No. T, for the completion of the building was accepted in May. Since August the work has proceeded rapidly and in a very satisfactory manner. The walls are now up to within about 4 feet of the level of the upper floor and the columns, 94 in number for supporting the floor, have been erected.

96. The whole of the ironwork for the upper floor has arrived, and the erection of the girders, &c., will be proceeded with very shortly. The work already done under the present contract includes the building of 1,000 cubic yards of brickwork and 8,000 cubic feet of dressed granite, in addition to the

erection of the columns before mentioned.

97. The area of the site occupied by the market is 51,274 square feet and the floor-space on each floor is over 30,000 square feet.

98. The Gap Rock Lighthouse.-This work was practically completed by the 1st of April last on which date the light was first exhibited.

99. The steam tender Fame has been maintained in good order and since the completion of the Lighthouse has been used for conveying men and materials for the erection of additional quarters for the telegraph clerk now stationed at the Rock in connection with the signalling of vessels, and for the relief of the lightkeepers.

100. The Fame was handed over to the Harbour Department in September.

101. Reclamation in front of Marine Lots 240 to 246 Kennedy Town.-This work has been carried out by this department on behalf of the owners of the above lots. During the past year 14,500 cubic yards of filling, 517 cubic yards of concrete have been deposited in this work and 4,200 cubic feet of masonry set. The work is now practically completed.

102. Training Albany Nullah and Branches. This work was completed in June last. It has, however, been found advisable to extend the substantial masonry invert through the tunnel under the Albany service reservoir, and this extension is now in hand.

103. New Roads and Preparatory Work Kennedy Road Sites.-The MacDonnell Road has been completed as far as it is at present proposed to carry it, but before this road is much used it will be necessary to improve its approach from the Garden Road by extending the road for its full width to join the Garden Road, necessitating re-arranging and re-constructing the Gardeners' Cottages.

104. The re-arrangement and re-construction of the Gardeners' Cottages will not only make a reasonable approach to the MacDonnell Road practicable but will place at the disposal of the Botanical and Afforestation Department sanitary buildings for the accommodation of its workmen and will effect a long-needed improvement in the much frequented neighbourhood of Garden Road.

105. Re-construction of Praya Bridge over Bowrington Canal.-This work was completed and opened for traffic in March last.

106. Cattle Depôt Extension.-The extension of the Cattle Depôt at Kennedy Town providing additional accommodation for 120 head of cattle was completed in June last. The total accommodation at this depôt now being for 480 head. The work was carried out in a satisfactory manner by Mr. CHEUNG NAM.

107. A shed, 65 feet long by 20 feet wide, has also been erected for the storage of fodder.

108. Slaughter House, Pig and Sheep Depôt.-The preparation of the site for these buildings was completed in June last. Plans and detail drawings for the buildings have been prepared and their erection will be commenced very shortly. A report on and detail plans of this work were forwarded to you on the 26th of June and adopted by the Sanitary Board on the 21st of July.

109. Slaughter House, Kowloon.-This building was completed in June last and meets a want long felt by the residents in British Kowloon.

110. Public Laundries.-The ten public laundries, which were in process of erection when I wrote my last annual report, have been completed and three are at present occupied at a rental of $15 each per month.

111. Civil Hospital Staff Quarters.-After considerable trouble with the contractor I am glad to be able to report this building was completed and occupied in June last.

112. Quarters for Superintendent of Botanical and Afforestation Department. This building was completed in February last by Mr. YEE HING in a very satisfactory and expeditious manner.

The old quarters, which had become beyond repair and practically uninhabitable, have been

removed.

116

113. Vaccine Institute.-This establishment was completed in March last and handed over to the Medical Department.

114. Additions to Government House. The installation of the Electric Light and internal decoration of this building have been completed during the past year. The electric lighting and decoration of the Ball room was finished early in the year, the remainder of the work was postponed till the summer.

115. Telegraph Cable to Gap Rock.-Providing telegraphic communication between the City of Victoria and the Gap Rock Lighthouse involved the construction of 5.25 statute miles of land line, and the laying of 29.80 nautical miles of cable.

116. The land line constructed of galvanized iron wire No. 7. B.W.G. commencing at the Post Office is carried on iron poles along Pedder Street, the Praya, Zetland Street and Albert Road to the High-Level Tramway, then across Crown land on the west of the Tramway to Bowen Road, along the Bowen and Stanley Roads to Little Hongkong, and hence across Crown land to the Eastern Extension Telegraph Cable House at Deep Water Bay.

117. A connection is made with the Eastern Extension Telegraph Office for the convenience of testing. The test made on its completion gave the following results :-

Insulation resistance 1 Megohm. Conductivity resistance 67 Ohms.

118. The Cable connecting Deep Water Bay with Gap Rock is of the type known as type E (7-ton cable), the core being 130lbs. of gutta percha and 130lbs. of copper per knot protected by a brass ribbon, and was laid by the cable Steamer Store Nordiske.

Commencing from the Gap Rock the following lengths of cable were laid, viz. :——

25 fathoms covered with 10 iron wires No. 00. B.W.G.

50 fathoms covered with double covering of 10 iron wires Nos. 00 and 6. B.W.G.

50 fathoms covered with 10 iron wires Ño. '00. B.W.G.

29.68 miles covered with 10 iron wires No. 2. B.W.G.

making a total of 29.80 nautical miles and giving a slack of 2 p. c.

119. The test made on its completion at the Cable House, Deep Water Bay, gave the following results:

Copper resistance 9.40 ohms per nautical mile 75°. Fah. Insulation resistance 2314.4 megohms per nautical mile. Inductive capacity .35 microfarads per nautical mile.

120. The whole of this work was done by the Eastern Extension and Great Northern Telegraph Companies and completed in March.

121. Morse Instruments are fixed to the terminals of the line at the Post Office and Gap Rock. 122. Gaol Extension. The question of Gaol Extension was referred by His Excellency the Governor to a Special Committee in August last.

123. The Committee reported on the 15th November as to the best means of complying with the definite conditions laid down in the Secretary of State's despatch dated the 7th of July, 1892, and submitted detail plans of the proposed works.

3

1

124. The despatch and Committee's report have already been published. (Sessional Paper 7.) 125. No expenditure on account of the proposed project has as yet been authorised.

126. Kowloon New Roads. (C.S.O. 9).-Detail plans and estimates were laid before a meeting of the Public Works Committee held on the 23rd of May for the construction of Des Voeux, Granville, Cameron, Carnarvon, East and Middle Roads, also for the construction of roads south of Inland Lots 525, 574, 609 and 442. These were unanimously approved and a contract (No. 2) was entered into with Mr. KUM LAM for carrying out the proposed works.

127. The roads when completed will give easy means of access to many of the new Inland Lots, and Des Voeux Road, 45 feet in width skirting the western shore of Hung Hom Bay, will doubtless be a popular resort for the residents in Kowloon.

128. During the year 400 lineal yards of the sea wall protecting Des Voeux Road have been completed and backed up to the formation level of the new road.

129. The improvements to East Road have been practically completed and the construction of Cameron, Carnarvon and Granville Roads has been commenced.

130. Re-construction of Governor's Peak Residence.-Detail plans and estimates have been prepared and tenders obtained for the preparation of a site immediately to the west of Mountain Lodge and for the erection of the new building.

117

131. The proposed building is two stories in height occupying a ground area of 9,830 square feet, the coolie quarters and offices, which are one story in height, occupy a further area of 5,128 square feet. The area of the whole site, exclusive of the present site and adjoining grounds, is nearly one acre.

132. No expenditure on this work has as yet been authorised so that the actual work of con- struction is delayed for the present.

133. Government Offices Extension.-Plans and Estimates have been prepared for the erection of a new two, storied block immediately to the west of the present Government Offices.

134. A report giving particulars as to the proposed accommodation, &c., was submitted on the 9th of November.

135. No expenditure on this project has as yet been authorised.

136. New Water Mains and Distributary System of Victoria Water Works.-The New Water Mains and Distributary System has been completed during the year so far as the present requirements of the City necessitate.

137. The following is a brief description of the City of Victoria Water Works.

138. The two main sources of water supply are the Taitam and Pokfulam valleys in each of which reservoirs are constructed with overflow levels of 496.30 and 551.86 feet above Ordnance Datum, the former having a total capacity of 312,000,000 gallons and the latter 66,000,000 gallons.

The catchment areas are respectively 680 and 416 acres.

139. From these reservoirs the water is conveyed to the City by covered masonry conduits contour- ing the hillsides, except for a distance of 7,344 feet in the case of the Taitam Conduit and for a distance of 663 in that of Pokfulam, where the hills have been pierced by tunnels.

The length of the Taitam Conduit is 43 miles and that of Pokfulam 2 miles.

These conduits, however, intercept several perennial springs above the built area of the City which materially increase the supply available for distribution.

140. The conduits terminate in the Filter Beds constructed at the Albany and at West Point (at levels of 469 and 388 feet above Ordnance Datum respectively) for the purpose of filtering the water from Taitam and Pokfulam respectively.

141. After filtration the water is received into the service reservoirs constructed in close proximity to the filter beds. The capacity of the Albany service reservoir is 5,700,000 gallons and that of the West Point 940,000 gallons.

142. The Taitam reservoir, filter beds and service reservoirs were completed in 1888 and a detail description of these works, written by Mr. J. ORANGE, Resident Engineer, will be found in Volume C of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 1889-90.

143. The Pokfulam reservoir was constructed in 1866, the Conduit in 1877 and the Filter Beds and Service reservoir in 1890, a description of the two latter will be found in my annual report (Water and Drainage Department) dated 7th February, 1891.

144. Distribution Works.-For the purpose of distributing water throughout the City cast and wrought-iron mains have been laid within reasonable distance of the whole of the built area. The total length of mains now existing is 30 miles.

145. The City has been divided into four zones and special means have been adopted to insure ample water pressure being available in the higher level and to prevent excessive pressure occurring in the mains traversing the lower levels.

146. The upper zone between the 600- and 450-foot contours is supplied with water from a reservoir constructed at a level of 700 feet above Ordnance Datum on the west side of the Peak Road.

147. A 6-inch cast-iron main, reducing to 4 inches in the Peak Road, is laid from the Hydraulic Motor in Garden Road to the Peak Road reservoir through which the water is pumped by the motor, houses en route being supplied direct off this main.

148. The next lower zone between the 450- and 300-foot contours is supplied with water from the reservoirs constructed south of the Belilios Terrace and Pokfulam Filter Beds, the former at a level of 500 feet and the latter at a level of 600 feet above Ordnance Datum and containing 112,000 and 105,000 gallons respectively.

149. A cast-iron main varying in size from 6 to 4 inches in diameter is laid between these reservoirs along the Robinson and Richmond Roads from which branch pipes are laid in the several streets of this district.

150. The water is pumped up into the above mentioned reservoirs by Hydraulic Motors erected in the Arbuthnot and Bonham Roads pumping stations.

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151. The next or third zone between the 300- and 200-foot contours is supplied direct from the Albany and West Point service reservoirs. The eastern portion by a 14-inch main laid from the Albany reservoir along Upper Albert Road to Arbuthnot Road where it bifurcates, a 12-inch branch supplying the Arbuthnot Road Motor and a 6-inch branch traversing Caine Road. The western portion by a 12-inch main laid from the West Point service reservoir to Bonham Road Pumping Station where after supplying the motor it is reduced to 10 inches in diameter and traverses the Bonham Road ultimately connecting with the 6-inch main in Caine Road.

152. The remaining portion of the City or lowermost zone is supplied with water discharged from the exhausts of the Hydraulic Motors, that from Garden Road and Arbuthnot Road motors serving the eastern and central portions as far as Sutherland Street and that from the Bonham Road Motor the portion west of Sutherland Street, the principal mains being laid down Garden Road, Hollywood Road, Queen's Road, the Praya and Wing Lok Street, varying in size from 12 to 6 inches in diameter.

153. The Hydraulic Motors installed in the Bonham Road and Arbuthnot Road Pumping Stations were supplied by Messrs. HATHORN DAVY & Co., of Leeds and London, and consist of two power cylinders and two differential pumps.

The principal dimensions are as follows:---

Diameter of Power Cylinders,

Diameters of Differential Pump ram,

Length of revolution,

Bonham Road.

....1'.2′′

.59.33"

6′.8"

Arbuthnot Road.

1'.2′′ 63'.41"

6'.8"

154. The Hydraulic Motor installed in the Garden Road Pumping Station was supplied Messrs. WORTHINGTON & Co., and consists of two power cylinders and two double acting pumps :-

Diameter of Power Cylinders,

Diameter of Pump Plunger,

Length of revolution,

.181"

5"

.20"

155. In all the machines the motion is horizontal. In those at Bonham Road and Arbuthnot Road each power cylinder and pump is complete in itself so that one half the machinery can be worked independently of the other half.

156. The levels of the Pumping Stations floors are respectively 162, 185, and 246 feet above Ordnance Datum.

157. Back Pressure is maintained in the exhausts so as to give a maximum pressure in the dis- tributary mains equivalent to 250 feet head of water.

158. When the Motors are required to work during the night and the consumption of water in the City is insufficient to reduce the pressure in the exhaust to the required limit the motors are allowed to exhaust into No. 2 Tank situated in the centre of the western and central districts at a level of 218 feet above Ordnance Datum; the water stored in this tank during the night is utilized for the supply of the City during the following day.

159. Intimately connected with these works are those for the supply of water to the Hill District, a description of which will be found in my last annual report (Water and Drainage Department) dated 13th January, 1892.

160. The mains throughout the City have been divided into districts commanded by valves so as to facilitate the execution of repairs without causing the shutting off of the water over extensive areas. They have also been arranged so that water can be pumped into the Peak Road and Belilios service reservoirs by any one of the three Hydraulic Motors.

161. Four hundred and twenty-three Fire Hydrants have been fixed, the general rule followed being to fix one at the junction of every street and where these are more than 300 feet apart one in between. Their position is indicated on the walls opposite by the letters F.H. in white on black ground.

162. One hundred and eight Public Fountains of the Madras pattern, as manufactured by Messrs. STONE & Co., have been erected for supplying water to the occupiers of tenements who have no water laid on within their premises.

163. The annexed tabular statement (Appendix K.) gives-

(a) The details of the works included in Mr. CHADWICK's report dated the 28th of December,

1889, and the estimated cost.

(b) The works actually executed and their cost as estimated.

(c) The further works required probably in the near future to complete the scheme and their

cost as estimated by Mr. CHADWICK.

164. From this it will be seen that out of the 25 miles of mains which it was originally antici- pated would be required 22 miles nearly have been laid. The Morrison Hill and Kennedy Town reservoirs have not yet been built, as there appears to be no necessity at present to construct them.

119

It will, however, doubtless in the near future be necessary to replace some of the old pipes which are now in use especially those along Caine Road, though on examination their condition did not appear at present to justify the cost of replacing them.

165. The estimated cost of the works executed was $164,516.14 and the actual expenditure has been $164,023.66.

166. Peak Water Supply.-The works for the supply of water to the Hill District were completed in 1891. The expenditure under this heading of account has been incurred for the purpose of discharg- ing outstanding liabilities for works executed towards the end of the last year.

T

6

58

167. Sewerage Works, City of Victoria.-During the past year the Sewerage Works in Districts Nos. 4 W. and 5 W., Contracts and TT respectively, have been completed. The sewerage of these districts, a portion of which was completed in 1891, involved the construction of eleven miles of pipe-sewers ranging from 6 to 24 inches in diameter, at depths varying from 3 to 15 feet, provided with manholes, ventilators and flushing arrangements.

21

168. In the month of November, Contracts Nos. 12 and 12 were entered into with Mr. Foo SIK for the Sewerage of Districts Nos. 2 W. and 3 W., and Contract No. 1392 with Mr. CHING LAI KEE for the Sewerage of District No. 1 W.

169. Under these contracts the following works.have been executed, viz. :-

In District 2 W. the laying of one-third of a mile of pipe-sewers ranging from 9 to 12 inches

in diameter.

In District 3 W. the laying of about half a mile of pipe-sewers ranging from 9 to 12 inches

in diameter.

In District 1 W. the laying of about one-quarter of a mile of pipe-sewers ranging from 12 to 15 inches in diameter making in all nearly eleven miles of pipe-sewers ranging from 6 to 24 inches in diameter with manholes, ventilators and other necessary adjuncts completed during the past year.

170. Four hundred and fifty gullies have been fixed in the High-Level District and Districts 1 W., 2 W., 3 W., 4 W., 5 W. and 6 W.

6 5 1892

171. Sewerage of Yau Ma Ti.-In February last a Contract No. 9 was entered into with Mr. Foo SIK for the construction of these works.

The whole of the works including one and a third miles of pipe-sewers ranging from 12 to 6 inches in diameter provided with the necessary manholes, ventilators and flushing arrangements as well as the improvement of the out-falls of the storm-water drains have been completed.

172. Water Supply, Kowloon Peninsula.-During the early part of last year the observations and surveys necessary for the preparation of a definite project for a public water-supply to British Kowloon were completed, and in June last I submitted a report (Sessional Paper No. 2) embodying the results of the observations and details of the proposed project.

are-

31

173. Miscellaneous Minor Works.-The only works under this heading calling for special notice

(a) The completion of the extension of the Victoria Gap out-fall. (b) The improvement of Taitam Telephone Line.

174. The former work involved the laying of 1,300 lineal yards of 6-inch pipes connecting the Peak Sewerage System with that of District 6 W. The latter the substitution of iron poles for the old wooden ones and re-fixing 24 miles of telephone wire completing telephonic communication between the Garden Road Motor House and Taitam Reservoir.

SUPPLEMENTARY WORKS.

175. Yau Ma Ti Praya Wall.-This work was completed by Mr. TSANG SAM, under Contract No. in March last.

16

1891

176. Erection of Gas Lamps in British Kowloon.-The establishment of Gas Works at Yau Ma Ti by the Hongkong and China Gas Company having rendered the adoption of gas for street lighting practicable, 78 gas lamps have been erected on the Praya, Tsim Sha Tsui, Robinson Road, MacDonnell Road, Chater Road, Garden Road, Kimberley Road, Elgin Road, Austin Road, and in Station Street, Third Street, Second Street, Temple Street, Reclamation Street, Battery Street, and Praya, Yau Ma Ti. These were lighted by gas on the 1st of November last.

177. Repairs to St. John's Cathedral. The works involved in the thorough repairs of St. John's Cathedral prior to its being handed over to the Church Trustees were-

(a) The re-construction of the greater portion of the roof. (b) Relaying the floors of the Nave, Aisle and Transepts. (c) Colour-washing the building internally and externally.

178. The whole of these works were completed in November last without necessitating the temporary closing of the Cathedral.

120

179. Improved Signalling for Ships. After the completion of the Gap Rock Lighthouse and the telegraph cable it was considered advisable that ships approaching Hongkong from the South should be signalled from the Gap Rock and those approaching from the North, from Cape D'Aguilar. This necessitated the construction of telegraph clerks' quarters at the Gap Rock and Cape D'Aguilar also the fitting up of a telegraphic receiving room at the Post Office and the construction of a short telephone line from the Post Office to the Central Police Station.

These works were completed in September last.

SUMMARY.

180. The following Summary shews briefly the works, other than the Praya Reclamation, completed during the past year and the condition of those in course of execution :-

Central Market,

Gap Rock Lighthouse,

{

In progress.

Walls and iron-work completed to within 4 feet of

upper floor.

....

nedy Road Sites,.

Bowrington Canal,

Cattle Depôt Extension,..

Site for Western Market,

Training Albany Nullah and Branches, ...Completed.

New Roads and Preparatory Work Ken-

Re-construction of Praya Bridge over

Slaughter House, Sheep and Pig Depôts,...Site completed.

Completed. ..Completed.

} Completed.

Completed.

..Completed.

Slaughter House, Kowloon,

....Completed.

Public Laundries,

...Completed.

Civil Hospital Staff Quarters,

..Completed.

Quarters, Superintendent Botanical

and

Afforestation Department,

ad} Completed.

Vaccine Institute,

.Completed.

Additions to Government House,

Telegraph Cable, Gap Rock,

.Completed. .Completed.

Kowloon New Roads,...

{{

New Streets, Kennedy Town,

....

..Completed.

..Completed.

Completed.

In progress. East Road and a portion of Des

Voeux Road completed.

Repair of Rain storm Damages, Yau Ma Ti,...Completed.

Erection of Gas Lamps, Kowloon,.

Repair of St. John's Cathedral,

Improved Telegraphic and Telephonic)

Communication, Gap Rock and Cape Completed.

D'Aguilar,

City of Victoria Water Works,

Sewerage of Victoria,

Sewerage of Yau Ma Ti,.....

Kowloon Water Supply,

.Completed as far as at present required.

In progress. Portion West of Garden Road nearly

completed. Completed. Experiments completed.

181. From this statement it will be seen that, with the exception of the Central Market and Sewerage Works, City of Victoria, the whole of the Extraordinary Public Works in progress at the commence- ment of 1892 have been completed.

182. Though the attention of the staff engaged on Extraordinary Public Works has been mainly directed towards the completion of those works commenced prior to 1892, it will be observed that the following new works have been taken in hand, viz. :-Telegraph Cable to Gap Rock; Kowloon New Roads; Erection of Gas Lamps, Kowloon; Repair of St. John's Cathedral; Improved Telegraphic and Telephonic Communication with Gap Rock and Cape D'Aguilar; and the Sewerage of Yau Ma Ti. With the exception of Kowloon New Roads, these have all been completed.

183. Expenditure.-The expenditure on account of Extraordinary Public Works will be found in Appendix M.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

184. Section No. 1.-The rubble foundations for 969 lineal feet of wall and 976 lineal feet of storm- water drains and embankment together with the earth backing required for same were completed in July last in a satisfactory manner by Mr. CHAN YING CHEUNG under Contract No. 1991-

8

185. The setting of concrete blocks in this section will be proceeded with when the plant now engaged in block setting on section 2 is available.

186. Section No 2.-The rubble foundations for the wall and storm-water drains together with the earth backing for same were completed in April last by Mr. TSANG KENG under Contract No. 1396 187. The weighting of the foundations of the wall with concrete blocks has been proceeded with and 600 lineal feet are now ready for the removal of the blocks and re-levelling for permanently setting the blocks on.

121

13

188. A Contract No. 1 was entered into with Mr. TSANG KENG in July last for the construction of the wall above the level of the concrete blocks, filling in the foreshore and other works necessary for the completion of this section. Fair progress has been made with the preparation of the stone required for the wall at the quarries and 66,057 cube yards of filling have been deposited.

189. Re-construction of portions of the storm-water drains in Queen's Road West, Eastern and Centre Streets has been rendered necessary by the reclamation of this portion of the foreshore. A Contract No. for the execution of this work was entered into with Mr. TSANG SAM in September last and the work is being proceeded with.

12.

190. Section No. 3.-The rubble foundations for the wall and earth backing were completed by Mr. TSANG KENG under Contract No. 1 in June last, and the levelling of the foundations for concrete blocks is being proceeded with.

191. A Contract No. 2 for the construction of rubble foundations for the prolongation of the existing storm-water drains in Sutherland Street, Queen's Street and Bonham Strand West was entered into with Mr. TSANG KENG in March last. This work is completed.

2

192. The filling in of the foreshore below Datum in this section is being performed by the Hopper Barges. A Contract No. 1 for excavating and filling the barges was entered into with Mr. TSANG KENG in April last, and 68,117 cubic yards have been deposited by Hopper Barges and Junks from Dredger, &c.

193. Sections Nos. 4, 5 and 6 have not yet been commenced, but it is proposed to proceed with the eastern portion of No. 6 as far as Pottinger Street early this year.

194. Section No. 7.-The rubble foundations for the wall over a length of 1,157 lineal feet and for 1,797 lineal feet of storm-water drains together with the necessary earth backing for same were completed in December, 1891, by Mr. TSANG KENG under Contract No. 1890.

195. The construction and laying of the footing courses and plinth were also completed by Mr. TSANG KENG in December, 1891, under Contract No. T

196. The construction of the wall, filling in the foreshore and other works necessary for the completion of this section are being satisfactorily proceeded with by Mr. CHAN A TONG under Contract No. The wall and filling in has practically been completed and the construction of the roads will be proceeded with as soon as the gas, water, and sewer pipes have been laid.

197. The construction of the storm-water drains in Ice House Lane and Murray Road rendered necessary by the reclamation of this section have been completed by Mr. CHAN A TONG and Mr. Tsang KENG respectively under Contracts Nos. TT and TT.

198. It is proposed to proceed early next year with the completion of the western portion of this section in connection with the work of reclaiming the eastern portion Section No. 6.

199. A Contract No. 15 was entered into with Mr. CHAN A TONG in November last for the construction of a pier opposite Ice House Street. This pier is for the purpose of accommodating ferry and other traffic now plying from Pedder's Wharf during the completion of this section and the eastern portion of Section No. 6.

I

GENERAL.

200. Contract No. 2 has been entered into with Mr. CHAN A TONG for the construction of a pier at Causeway Bay for the purpose of affording facilities for the loading of barges and junks with filling to be obtained from the adjacent hills.

201. During the past year 240 tons of cement have been received from the Green Island Cement Company for use in the foregoing works.

202. Reclamation in front of Wharf and Godown Premises, West Point.-This work was completed by Mr. TSANG KENG in April last.

Of

203. Concrete Blocks and Plant.-1,354 concrete blocks have been made during the past year. these 672 have been faced with granite ashlar for the front of the wall. 1,241 blocks have been temporarily placed on the foundations of the wall on Section No. 2 on the top of which rails have been laid and the eight-ton travelling crane run over 600 lineal feet whilst proceeding with the further laying of blocks.

204. The contract with the Dock Company for the construction of two Hopper Barges was completed and the barges taken over in February last.

205. The whole of the plant has been maintained in a satisfactory state of repair without involving any extraordinary expenditure.

206. Old Praya Wall.-The Old Praya wall has been removed in front of the Wharf and Godown Premises at West Point and in front of the eastern portion of Section No. 7.

207. Appendices.-In Appendix L will be found a statement shewing generally the amount of work executed in the more important items up to the 31st of December, 1891, and during the past year. In Appendix N will be found a statement of accounts. The outstanding liabilities amount to $37,570 and are chiefly on account of the money retained pending the completion of the term of maintenance under the several contracts in progress during the past year.

122

208. In March last Mr. NICOLLE, Local Auditor, was appointed Auditor, C.S.O. 2132 and C.S.O. 818, since which date the whole of the accounts from the commencement of the Praya Reclamation have been audited and are complete to the 31st December, 1892.

309

STAFF.

209. I regret to have to report the death of three officers, Mr. A. CRONON, Overseer of Buildings, which occurred in May (C.S.O. 1892), that of Mr. A. CRAWFORD, Engineer on board the steam tender Fame, which occurred in November (C.S.O. 2715), and that of Mr. SIMMONS, Custodian, Wongneichung Recreation Ground, in December.

892/1

210. Mr. J. T. H. SAMPLE, Assistant Engineer, resigned on the expiration of his agreement in January last, and his duties have since been arranged for departmentally. (C.S.O. 1§§2.)

64

211. Mr. J. COTTA, Assistant Foreman, resigned in July and his duties have been arranged for departmentally. (C.S.O. 1785.)

212. Mr. E. GRIFFIN, Master of the Dredger (C.S.O. 284), and Mr. C. MARANDE (C.S.O. HH) resigned in September, and were succeeded by Mr. A. THOMAS and Mr. D. FRASER respectively.

213. The following officers returned from leave during the past year.

Mr. R. F. DRURY in March, after 11 months' absence. (C.S.O..)

Mr. J. MINHINNETT in October, after 7 months' absence.

Mr. S. T. MOORE in October, after 6 months' absence.

92.

214. Mr. A. H. RENNIE left in September on six months' leave of absence. (C.S.O. HII.) Mr. CHAN SING FONG and Mr. CHEUNG Yow, Tracers, have been granted three and four weeks' leave of absence respectively. (C.S.O. 7 and C.S.O.

12

1892

2919

3.)

215. Mr. J. SAMPSON was temporarily appointed Assistant Land Surveyor in March and resigned- in December to take up an appointment in Cape Colony. (C.S.O. .)

316

216. Mr. C. BIDGOOD commenced his duties as Overseer, Praya Reclamation Works, on the 26th of January, 1892. (C.S.O. 1991.)

3001

217. I also regret to have to report that several officers have been temporarily incapacitated for duty owing to sickness due, with one or two exceptions, to climatic influences which are especially trying to those whose duties involve much exposure to weather during the summer months.

218. The amalgamation of the Surveyor General's and Water and Drainage Departments involved a general re-arrangement of staff and duties and a somewhat heavy year of work especially in the clerical branches of this department.

219. The following tabular statement shews generally the duties of the senior officers.

ENGINEERING BRANCH.

Mr. BOWDLER assisted by Mr. BOULTON and Mr. MUDIE (for part of the year), Praya Reclamation Works.

Mr. CHATHAM assisted by Mr. GIBBS, Extraordinary Public Works other than Praya Reclamation, Gap Rock Lighthouse, Kowloon New Roads, Re-construction of Bowrington Bridge, Erection of Gas Lamps Kowloon, and Repairs to St. John's Cathedral.

Mr. MUDIE. Gap Rock Lighthouse, and Harbour Works.

Mr. TOOKER assisted by Messrs. DRURY and HAZELAND, Annually Recurrent Works, Kowloon New Roads, Re-construction of Bowrington Bridge, Erection of Gas Lamps Kowloon, Repairs to St. John's Cathedral, and Work under the Building Ordinance.

Mr. QUILL. Maintenance of existing and construction of New Water Works.

Mr. CROOK. Maintenance of existing and construction of New Sewerage Works.

CROWN LANDS AND SURVEY.

Mr. MALSCH assisted by Mr. PROSSER and Mr. SAMPSON. In charge of Crown Lands and Surveys.

Mr. RENNIE. In charge of correspondence.

OFFICE.

Mr. Wood. In charge of accounts and stores.

220. It is my agreeable duty to place on record my high appreciation of the manner in which the whole of the staff, with few exceptions, have performed the duties assigned to them and of the interest and energy that they have shewn in carrying out the several works entrusted to their charge.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Honourable

COLONIAL SEcretary.

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Director of Public Works.

Appendix A.

HONGKONG WATER WORKS, 1892.

POKFULAM.

ΤΥΤΑΜ.

MONTH.

Quantity in Reservoir on 1st of Month.

Discharge Collected

Quantity in

Discharge

into

in

Consumption.

Tunnel.

Streams.

Reservoir on 1st of Month.

into

Tunnel.

Collected

from

Streams.

Consumption.

Wongneichung

and Mint

Dam Reservoirs, Grand Total.

Quantity Distributed.

Rainfall.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

January,

52,793,180

23,830,200

22,549,500

273,000,000

47,856,000

14,539,570

62,395,570

7,642,000

92,587,070

0.52

February,

35,449,244

21,767,400

20,593,000

229,000,000

44,996,000

11,616,526

56,612,526

4,331,000

81,536,526

1.25

March,....

19,983,706

13,681,400

1,039,600

14,721,000

186,000,000

54,814,400

8,526,358

68,340,758

4,909,000

82,970,758

3.90

April,

14,250,017

15,191,840

1,269,160

16,461,000

131,000,000

48,501,600

16,546,524

65,048,124

6,245,000

87,754,124

11.59

May,

66,330,180

23,706,120

21,909,000

164,000,000

49,222,700

22,491,776

71,714,476

7,437,000

101,060,476

8.57

June,

66,041,118

25,962,120

24,427,000

179,000,000

57,976,400

18,492,856

76,469,256

6,738,000

107,634,256

34.38

July,

August,

September,

October,

66,330,180

66,041,118 26,930,880 66,330,180 23,760,280 66,330,180 17,281,000

27,641,520

98,880

27,740,400

312,000,000

43,713,000

33,946,225

77,659,225

8,192,000

113,591,625

10.78

1,237,120

28,168,000

312,000,000

50,265,000

29,124,148

79,389,148

9,466,000

117,023,148

12.09

705,320

24,465,600

312,000,000

42,343,900

32,182,927

74,526,827

8,612,000

107,604,427

7.00

5,842,000

23,123,000

312,000,000

55,233,200

15,663,967

70,897,167

6,106,000

100,126,167

0.02

November,

60,548,932 16,088,000

2,089,600

18,177,600

281,000,000

59,454,000.

12,276,832

71,730,832

6,613,000

96,521,432

0.34

December,

52,793,180 17,336,000

693,000

18,029,000

236,000,000

59,999,400

13,227,165

73,226,565

3,982,000 95,237,565

0.51

Total,..

253,176,760 12,974,680

260,864,100

:

614,375,600

228,634.874

843,010,474

80,273,000 1,183,647,574

90.95

123

Appendix B.

HONGKONG RAINFALL, 1853 TO 1892.

[Diagram not printed].

Appendix C.

HONGKONG RAINFALL, 1853 тo 1892.-For Months of September to May (inclusive) 273 days.-For Months of October to April (inclusive) 212 days. [Diagrams not printed].

Appendix D.

HONGKONG WATER WORKS, 1892.

Wongneichung and

124

POKFULAM SUPPLY.

TAITAM SUPPLY.

TOTAL SUPPLY.

Mint Dam

Grand Total.

MONTH.

City of Victoria. Unmetered.

Hill District.

Metered.

City of Victoria. Unmetered.

Waters supplied

Metered.

by Meter.

Unmetered.

Metered.

Mean

Minimum

Temper-

ature

0° Fah.

REMARKS.

gallons.

gallons.

January,

Febuary,

March,

April,

May,

June,

22,295,500*

19,892,000* 14,327,000*

16,015,000* 21,090,000* 23,735,000*

July,

26,385,400*

Not measured.

gallons.

254,000

701,000

894,000

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

57,850,570 4,545,000

7,642,000

80,146,070

12,441,000

92,587,070

55.3

2 Fires.

51,778,526

4,834,000

4,331,000

71,670,526

9,866,000

81,536,526

57.8

.....

58,097,758 5,243,000

4,909,000

72,424,758

10,546,000

82,970,758

57.9

1 Fire.

446,000

58,075,124 6,973,000

6,245,000

74,090,124

13,664,000

87,754,124

66.5

2 Fires.

819,000

67,593,476

4,121,000

7,437,000

88,683,476

12,377,000 101,060,476

72.1

1 Fire.

692,000

72,388,256

4,081,000

6,738,000

96,123,256

11,511,000

107,634,256

76.3

1 ""

1,355,000

70,720,225

6,939,000

8,192,000

97,105,625

16,486,000 113,591,625

77.6

August,

25,955,504

1,257,496

955,000

73,330,148 6,059,000

9,466,000

100,543,148

16,480,000 117,023,148

76.6

2 Fires.

September,

22,863,820

1,102,780

499,000

70,273,827

4,253,000

8,612,000

94,240,427

13,364,000 107,604,427

74.0

1 Fire.

October,

20,484,470

1,474,530

1,164,000

61,941,167

8,956,000

6,106,000

83,900,167

16,226,000 100,126,167

67.3

November,

15,897,010 1,238,590

1,042,000

64,591,832

7,139,000

6,613,000

81,727,432

14,794,000

96,521,432

65.8

1 Fire.

December,.

16,496,683

988,317

544,000

69,005,565

4,221,000

3,982,000

86,490,565

8,747,000

95,237,565

65.5

3 Fires.

Totals,..

245,437,387 6,061,713

8,865,000

775,646,474

67,364,000

80,273,000

1,027,145,574

156,502,000 1,183,647,574

:

14 Fires.

* NOTE.-Includes that supplied to Hill District.

Appendix E.

CITY OF VICTORIA WATER WORKS.

Analyses before and after Filtration of the Pokfulam Water 1892, Grains per imperial Gallon.

January.

General appearance,

Appearance in 24" tube,...................

Total solid matter dried at 212° F., Chlorine,

Hardness (chalk grains),

Free Ammonia,

Albuminoid Ammonia,.

Oxygen absorbed in 4 hours,..

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November. December.

b

a

b

a

b

α

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

α

b

a

b

a

b

a b

a

D

M T C T Y Y Y S.Y.

C D C

T

C V.T.

C

S.T. C

P.Y. P.Y.P.Y.

Y

C

C

3.1 4.2 3.1 4.2 3.6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8 1.9

.9 1.9

4.1 3.4 3.9 .6 .6 .7 .7 .9 1.9 .8 2.0 .9 2.1

3.1

3.9

6.4

4.5

.7 .7

ד.

C S.D. C S.D. F.Y. F.Y. F.Y. F.Y. P.Y.|F.Y.│P.Y.│P.Y. | F.Y.

4.5 3.6 4.8 3.6 3.1 4.2 3.4 4.2 2.5 3.9 .7 .7 .7 ,7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .9 1.9 1.1 2.0 .9 2.0 1.0 1.9 .9 1.6 .8 1.9 1.0

S.D. C S.D. C

S.D. C

2.8

C

3.4

S.T. C.F.Y.

1.9

.0021 None.0028 None .0028 | None None None].0007 | None].0028 |None .0021 [None].0007 | None .0014 None .0021 None None None .0021 | None |.0042 |.0021 |.0098 .0042 .0077 .0035 .0021 |.0014 .0049 .0014.0196 |None .0070 |.0042 |.0028 .0014.0028 1.0014|.0042 ].0014 |.0042 |.0042 1.0042 |.0014 18 .008.005.018 .013 .032 .013.017 .013 .042 .018 .167.008 .023 .016.028 .027 .015] .015] .020| .015 .020 .010 .015 .012

EXPLANATION.-C indicates clear. D deposit. T turbid. Y yellow. S.D. slight deposit. M milky. S.T. slightly turbid. V.T. very turbid. P.Y. pale yellow. F. Y. faint yellow. S.Y. slightly yellow.

Appendix F.

CITY OF VICTORIA WATER WORKS.

Analyses before and after Filtration of the Taitam Water 1892, Grains per imperial gallon.

General appearance,

Appearance in 24" tube,.....

Total solid matter dried at 212° F. Chlorine,

Hardness (chalk grains),

Albuminoid Ammonia,.

Free Ammonia,

Oxygen absorbed in 4 hours,.......

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August. September. October. November. December.

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

a

C C D C D C D C P.Y.P.Y.P.Y.F.Y.P.Y. P.Y. P.Y. P.Y.

T

C

T

C S.D.

C

S.D.

C

Y

C

T

P.Y.

C

Y

C

3.4

3.6

4.2 3.4 4.2

2.8

3.4

.6

.6

.9 1.8

S.T. C T C S.D. C P.Y. F.Y. Y C F.Y. 3.4 3.9 2.8 3.9 2.0 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 1.0 1.7 .9 1.8 1.0 1.7 .8

S.D.

C S.T.

3.6 2.5

C

C

00

3.1

.6 .6 .6

.6

1.4 1.0 1.9 .9 1.9

3.6 4.5 3.1 4.2 2.5 4.2 3.4 3.9 3.1 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .9 1.7 .9 1.7 .8 1.8 .8 2.0 .9 1.9 .0021 None None None .0014 | None None None .0007 | None .0014 | None .0014 | None.0007 None .0014 | None.0021 None None None .0014| None |.0028 |.0014 .0028 .0014 .0035 |.0014 |.0021 |.0014 |.0056 |.0021 .0056 |.0028 |.0056 |.0042 |.0021 |.0014 |,0042 .0014 |,0056 |.0014 (.0014 | None.0042 | None .001 None .003.003| .014 None .017.013.027| .017| .023.008 .027| .018.026| .021 .016 .007 .003 | .015 .009| .019|.009| .011 .008

EXPLANATION.-C indicates clear. D deposit.

D deposit. T turbid. Y yellow. S.D. slight deposit. S.T. slightly turbid. P.Y. pale yellow. F. V. faint yellow. Results in column b are before filtration, in column a after filtration.

125

126

Appendix G.

HONGKONG WATER WORKS 1892.

Colonial Government Institutions and Buildings supplied by Meter.

Name.

Departmental Total Gallons.

Grand Total Gallons.

Consumption

Department.

in

Gallons.

When first measured during 1892.

Botanical & Afforestation,.... Garden Road,

1,008,000

January

Albany Road,

62,000

January

Robinson Road,

173,000

January

1,243,000

Educational,

Victoria College,

167,000

March

167,000

Fire Brigade,

No. 5 Station,

169,000

January

169,000

Gaol Department,

Victoria Gaol,.

6,272,000

January

6,272,000

Government Offices,.......

Govt. Office & Stables, .

1,340,000

February

1,340,000

Harbour Department,

Harbour Office,.........

102,000

January

Harbour Wharf,

394,000

January

Harbour Quarters,

154,000

January

650,000

Medical Department,

Civil Hospital,

3,275,000

January

Lunatic Asylum,

361,000

March

Medical Quarters,.

165,000

April

Mortuary,

648,000

February

4,449,000

Mountain Lodge,

23,000

January

23,000

7

Police Department,

Central Station, No. 1

1,803,000

April

176,000

January

دو

No. 2

95,000

January

""

No. 3

113,000

January

"

No. 5

118,000

January

""

No. 7

658,000

January

35

No. 8

217,000

"

January

Pokfulam

54,000

April

""

Mount Gough Station,...

31,000

August

Police Wharf,

403,000

January

3,668,000

Post Office, Treasury and

Supreme Court, ......

2,752,000

June

2,752,000

Registrar General,

Chinese Recreation Gd.

200,000

August

200,000

Sanitary Board,

Central Market,

5,615,000

January

Western Market,

211,000

January

Taipingshan Market,

219,000

January

Saiyingpun Market, .....

90,000

January

Sokonpo Market,

128,000

January

Wanchai Market,

602,000

January

Chinese Recreation Gd.

Latrine,

30,000

January

Public Laundries,....

194,000

March

Vaccine Institute,

23,000

January

7,112,000

28,045,000

January,

February, .....

March,

April,...

May,

MONTH.

Not measured.

Not measured.

Not measured.

Appendix H.

HONGKONG WATER WORKS, 1892.

Water pumped to the Hill District and Higher Levels of the City of Victoria.

HILL DISTRICT.

Total Pumped

to

Hill District.

Peak Road

Reservoir.

Belilios Terrace Reservoir.

Motor.

Engine.

Reservoir

South of the

Pokfulam

Filter Beds.

Total to

Higher Level

Total

of

Pumped.

City.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

Not measured.

June,

July,

August,.

September,

October,......

1,227,234

30,262

1,257,496

897,073

2,730,574

64,451

3,692,098

4,949,594

951,360

151,420

1,102,780

552,925

2,292,018

Nil.

2,844,943

3,947,723

965,313

509,217

1,474,530

532,662

2,003,051

Nil.

2,535,713

4,010,243

November,......

840,793

397,797

· 1,238,590

472,160

2,159,170

Nil.

2,631,330

3,869,920

December,

724,955

263,362

988,317

410,457

1,893,055

Nil.

2,303,512

3,291,829

Totals,..

4,709,655

- 1,352,058

6,061,713

2,865,277

11,077,868

64,451

14,007,596

20,069,309

Not measured.

Not measured.

127

Not measured.

Not measured.

129

Appendix J.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centre.

August 24th, 1891.

10

6. A.M.

t212

5

NOON

2

M

2

·

M

MIDNICHT

6.P.M.

1 inch

SCALE.

60,000 Gallons.

NOTE. Total Consumption = 3,367,390 Gallons.

Average hourly

140,307 Gallons.

Appendix J.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centre.

December 14th, 1891.

GAM

LO

10

NOON

2

MIDNICHT

SCALE.

1 inch · 60,000 Gallons.

NOTE.-Total Consumption

2,786,004 Gallons.

Average hourly

116,082 Gallons.

ふた

Be

SPM

131

Appendix J.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centre.

March 30th, 1892.

1

6AM.

CH

10

2011 hora

NOON

MIDNIGHT

M

9

10

1 inch

SCALE.

60,000 Gallons.

NOTE.-Total Consumption =3,020,358 Gallons.

Average hourly

125,848 Gallons.

+

8

5

6PM

133

!

Appendix J.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centre.

June 14th, 1892.

6.AM!

M

10

N

NOON

MIDNIGHT

SCALE.

1 inch

60,000 Gallons.

2

NOTE. Total Consumption= 3,693,500 Gallons.

Average hourly

153,896 Gallons.

135

6.P.M

137.

Appendix J.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centre.

1

8

6.R.M.

5

10

3

2

September 30th, 1892.

NOON

כא

MIDNICHT

10

1 inch

SCALE.

60,000 Gallons.

NOTE. Total Consumption

Average hourly

3,125,019 Gallons.

130,209 Gallons.

7

6.P.M.

:

Appendix J.

DIAGRAM SHEWING HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE CITY OF VICTORIA.

Consumption each hour is plotted radially from Centre.

December 16th, 1892.

6RM

1

8

Co

4

3

"

10

MIDNICHT

NOON

I inch

SCALE.

60,000 Gallons.

NOTE. Total Consumption

= 3,251,751 Gallons.

Average Consumption =

135,490 Gallons.

2

9

10

C

A

7

6P.M.

CA

5

139

Appendix K.

CITY OF VICTORIA WATER WORKS.

Statement of Work Executed 1890, 1891 and 1892.

L

ORIGINAL ESTIMATE.

ESTIMATE OF WORKS EXECUTED.

ORIGINAL ESTIMATE.

ESTIMATE OF WORKS EXECUTED,

DESCRIPTION.

DESCRIPTION.

Length in

Yards.

Rate.

Amount.

Length in

Yards.

Rate.

Amount.

No.

Rate.

Amount.

No.

Rate.

Amount.

Cast Iron Pipes

$

$

$

$

$

$

with Specials,... 3"

7,737

1.66

12,843.42

7,291

1.66

12,103.06

Brought forward,...

4"

9,021

2.20 19,846.20

7,233

2.20

15,912.60

"

Valves and Covers, 1"

....

Included in Contingencies.

145,874.58

Included in Contingencies.

9

Included in Contingencies.

5"

5,616

2.75

15,444.00

4,625

2.75

12,718.75

11

1

"}

""

"

"

$

123,131.73

Included in Contingencies.

""

6"

10,029

3.64

36,505.56

7,033

3.64

25,600.12

"}

"

...

7"

...

2,460

4.20

10,332.00

2,153

4.20

9,042.60

ลง ลง

2′′

"

39

"

3"

45

9.68

435.60

9.68

503.36

"}

8"

1,470

4.92

""

...

7,232.40

1,480

4.92

7,281.60

4"

43

11.63

500.09

49

11.63

569.87

...10"

3,936

6.00

23,616.00

3,981

6.00

23,886.00

5"

41

13.43

580.63

37

13.43

496.91

"

.12"

1,680

7.90

13,272.00

1,330

7.90

10,507.00

6"

"

"

67

17.48

1,171.16

48

17.48

839.04

...14"

714

9.50

6,783.00

640

9.50

6,080.00

7"

20

22.55

451.00

19

22.55

428.45

Wrought Iron Pipes with Specials,...1"

8"

9

27.42

246.78

12

27.42

329.04

59

Included in

Included in

Included in

Contingencies.

Contingencies.

Contingencies.

1,017

Included in

Contingencies.

Included in Contingencies.

10"

24

33.08

793.92

27

33.08

893.16

.1′′

166

"

"}

""

""

12′′

9

44.39

399.51

5 44.39

221.95

643

""

"

""

"

"}

14"

2

73.25

146.50

1 73.25

73.25

.4′′

750

""

""

"

""

""

Fountains,

Hydrants and Covers,

Reservoirs, Belilios Terrace,.

550

3.55

1,952.50

423

3.55

1,501.65

400

10.00

4,000.00 108

10.00

1,080.00

1

3,000.00

1

...

3,000.00

Peak Road,

1

672.00

1

672.00

Morrison Hill,

1

Kennedy Town,.

1

West Point,

1

:

6,000.00

3,000.00

2,000.00

...

1

Hydraulic Motors & Build-

ings,

Contingencies,..

: co

14,576.00

14,199.73

3

2,000.00

...

14,576.00

14,199.73

Carried forward,....

$ 145,874.58

$123,131.73

TOTAL,..

$ 200,000.00

$164,516.14

141

Appendix L.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

Statement of Work executed, December 31st, 1892.

To 31ST DECEMBER, 1891.

DURING 1892.

TOTAL TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1892.

SECTIONS.

Contract

No.

Rubble. Filling. Ashlar. Concrete. Rubble.

Filling. Ashlar. Concrete.

Rubble. Filling. Ashlar.

Concrete.

cubic yards cubic yards cubic feet cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards cubic feet cubic yards cubic yards cubic yards cubic feet cubic yards 66,893

REMARKS.

142

Section No. 1,

91

13,425

34,924

80,318

84,924

No. 2,

Fo

116,222

30,339

779

21,915

117,001

52,254

>>

No. 2,

92

66,057

632

23

66,057

632

23

No. 2,

:

:

2,175

19

2,175

19

>>

No. 3,

910

182,733

3,675

8,790

73,789

141,523

77,464

No. 3,

>>

19232968

21,795

21,795

No. 3,

32

1,004

68,117

:

69,121

Deposited by

Barges, &c.

>>

No. 7,

of & DI 124,342

75,616

34,814

1,298

6,735

10,384

131,077

86,000

34,314

1,298

"

No. 7,

...

13,675.

402

3,778

1121

17,453

514

"

No. 7,

3 -

661

21,468

5,458

96

6,525

300,443

62,664

3,406

7,186 321,911

68,122

3,502

No. 7,

...

3,350

114

5,836

194

9,186

308

440,851 132,102

56,797

1,910

58,049

575,629

75,085

3,754

498,900 707,731

131,882

5,664

Appendix M.

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT 1892.

Head of Service.

Annually Recurrent.

Amount.

Head of Service.

143

Amount.

$ C.

$9

C.

Establishment,

73,977.67

Brought forward,.......

136,222.21

Other Charges,

10,716.89

Miscellaneous Works,

4,554.12

Repairs of Buildings,

33,980.65

Maintenance of Roads & Bridges in Victoria,...

25,242.19

Maintenance of Telegraphs,

1,176.53

out of

18,860.80

""

of Public Cemetery,

1,222.01

in Kowloon,

""

""

6,142.83

of Praya Wall,

4,521.40

of Piers,

">

of Lighthouses,

1,280.79

of Disinfector,

386.01

Miscellaneous Services, Maintenance of Water Works,

of Sewers, Lighting of Lamps Gas,.....

3,221.72

9,996.75

1,999.26

22,740.40

Dredging Foreshores,

.8,960.26

"

Electric,

22,432.76

Carried forward,..

136,222.21

Total,....

251,413.04

EXTRAORDINARY PUBLIC WORKS EXPENDITURE.

Head of Service.

Prior to 1892. During 1892.

Total.

Estimated.

$

C.

$

C.

$

C.

$

C.

Central Market, excluding cost of site $158,058,

37,908.73

59,996.79

97,905.52

Gap Rock Lighthouse including cost of Fame $45,000,

161,662.97

27,372.31

189,035.28

250,000.00 180,000.00

Praya Reclamation,

100,000.00

10,000.00

110,000,00

429,678.07

Contribution to Reclamation in front of Marine Lots 95 to 105,...

5,525.00

5,525.00

11,525.00

Site for Western Market,................

77,789.66

10,263.65

88,053.31

91,000.00

Training Albany Nullah and Branches,..................

21,869.33

7,484.13

29,353.46

38,000.00

New Roads and Preparatory Work Kennedy Road sites,

5,923.62

4,259.19

10,182.81

15,000.00

Reconstruction of Praya Bridge over Bowrington Canal,

3,944.23

2,405.98

6,350.21

7,000.00

Improvements Recreation Ground Happy Valley,

15,179.88

799.28

15,979.16

40,000.00

Cattle Depôt Extension,

1,266.89

8,562.75

9,829.64

10,000.00

Slaughter House Pig and Sheep Depôt site,

13,497.81

15,369.80

28,867.61

Slaughter House Kowloon, ....

837.26

5,662.65

6,499.91

6,500.00

Public Laundries,

12,353.04

8,856.30

21,209.34

25,000.00

Civil Hospital Staff Quarters,

55,485.67

8,896.54

64,382.21

66,000.00

Civil Hospital Alterations and Additions,

1,897.74

750.50

2,648.24

7,131.00

Police Station Aberdeen including $4,615 expended on site,

28,263.90

2,457.38

30,721.28

32,115.00

Police Station Quarry Bay,.

5,588.53

584.89

6,173.42

7,000.00

Quarters for Superintendent Botanical & Afforestation Dept.,

15,093.34

3,742.50

18,835.84

20,100.00

Vaccine Institute,

1,812.77

1,617.48

3,430.25

3,500.00

District School Saiyingpun,

6,911.55

50.75

6,962.30

10,000.00

Additions to Government House,

33,192.90

6,894.18

40,087.08

40,000.00

Telegraph Cable to Gap Rock,

87,253.33

87,253.33

86,666.00

Gaol Extension,

15.96

15.96

Kowloon New Roads,

5,680.52

5,680.52

25,000.00

Reconstruction of Governor's Peak Residence,

1,975.52

1,975.52

62,000.00

Repair of rainstorm damages Yaumati,

36.00

6,305.69

6,341.69

7,000.00

New Streets Kennedy Town,

35,058.61

4,116.20

39,174.81

50,000.00

Prolongation of drains Centre and Eastern Streets,

2,685.12

2,685.12

Erection of Gas Lamps Kowloon,

1,016.58

1,016.58

3,000.00

Repairs of St. John's Cathedral,..

5,495.59

5,495.59

6,000.00

Addition works Kennedy Town Reclamation,

4,083.30

4,083.30

Improved Telegraphic and Telephonic communication Gap Rock

and Cape D'Aguilar,

1,461.66

1,461.66

2,850.00

New water mains in City of Victoria,

146,018.04

18,005.62

164,023.66

200,000.00

Peak water supply,

28,892.39

3,692.71

32,585.10

32,780.00

Sewerage of Victoria,

67.678.87

69,371.07

137,049.94

282,500.00

Sewerage of Hunghom,

Sewerage of Yaumati,

Sewerage Kowloon Point,

Kowloon water supply,

Miscellaneous minor works,.

House Connections (sewerage),

Peak Sewerage,

House Service Account,

Water Account,

8,120.63

....

8,120.63

10,000.00

129.57

8,495.40

8,624.97

13,000.00

6,184.50

937.35

7,121.85

5,701.66

3,167.52

8,869.18

180,000.00

2,220.69

2,220.69

...

1,262.34

2,136.81

3,399.15

9,635.43

1,637.94

11,273.37

10,646.36

4,738.64

15,385.00

2,446.89

2,446.89

Total,....

919,844.22

428,492.161,348,336.38

Contributions

SECTIONS.

Received to 31st December,

1891.

Appendix N.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

Statement of Accounts to December 31st, 1892.

Contributions

Received during 31st December, 1892.

1892.

Interest

Account to

Expenditure

Total

Receipts.

to

31st December, 1891.

Expenditure

during

1892.

Total

Expenditure.

Balance

to

Balance

to

Debit of Fund. | Credit of Fund.

$

$

$

$

$

$

Section No. 1,

77,468.45

29,497.36

3,450.32

110,416.13

49,147.98

43,791.64

92,939.62

17,476.51

No. 2,

42,671.75

132,938.85 Less* 738.93

174,871.67

90,467.89

49,612.81

140,080.70

34,790.97

No. 3,

113,103.59

116,585.69

13,083.03

242,772.31

71,712.99

112,573.89

""

184,286.88

58,485.43

>>

No. 4,

37,635.10

14,299.07

5,178.23

57,112.40

9,666.66

7,019.62

16,686.28

...

40,426.12

No. 5,

64,901.50

3,360.00

8,293.51

76,555.01

14,191.79

14,215.46

"

28,407.25

48,147.76

>>

No. 6,

130,947.14

16,604.49

147,551.63

22,507.39

27,669.30

50,176.69

97,374.94

>>

No. 7,

79,067.11

62,321.19

8,426.70

149,815.00

53,605.94

77,925.38

131,531.32

18,283.68

545,794.64

359,002.16

959,094.15

311,300.64

332,808.10

644,108.74

:

314,985.41

Government Section No. 4,.

9,683.60

337.18

10,020.78

1,257.91

1,260.26

2,518.17

7,502.61

No. 5,.

13,807.45

241.36

14,048.81

3,938.71

>>

4,213.30

8,152.01

5,896.80

>>

>>

No. 6,

No.

11,704.25

352.87

12,057.12

2,155.47

2,119.82

4,275.29

7,781.83

64,804.70

10,000.00

"

""

Less* 4,642.61

70,162.09

80,776.47

111,086.04

191,862.51

121,700.42

100,000.00

10,000.00

55,967.69 Less 5,881.54

106,288.80

88,128.56

118,679.42

206,807.98

121,700.42

21,181.24

645,794.64

369,002.16

50,586.15

* Interest chargeable to Section No. 2 and Government Section No. 7.

2

399,429.20

451,487.52

850,916.72

121,700.42

336,166.65

Add Stock on hand,.

2,341.45

Less Crown Agents A/c. not paid yet,

853,258.17

16,438.95

836,819.22

Balance Cash on hand,

228,563.73

1,065,382.95

1,065,382.95

144

511

No. 93

28

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF THE PUBLIC WORKS DURING THE FIRST HALF-YEAR 1893.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency

the Governor, on the 29th August, 1893.

No. 715.

PUBLIC WORKS OFFICE, HONGKONG, 15th July, 1893.

SIR,-In accordance with instructions contained in C.S.O. 79, I have the honour to forward you a brief report on the progress of Public Works during the first half of this year, viz., from January 1st to June 30th.

ANNUAL RECURRENT EXPENDITURE.

2. Maintenance of Buildings.--All Government Buildings at present in occupation have been maintained in a satisfactory state of repair without incurring any exceptional expenditure.

3. The Superintendent's Quarters and outbuildings at the Gaol have been redrained and the drainage of these premises is now in a satisfactory condition, C.S.O. 21.

4. The building known as Crosby Store now used as a store for this Department and offices for the Educational Department is fast approaching a condition that, unless it is to be abandoned altogether, extensive repairs will have shortly to be carried out.

5. The old Police Station and Harbour Office at Aberdeen is being re-roofed and other minor repairs carried out. It has been decided, C.S.O., to utilize a portion of this building as a Government School.

6. The roof of the Stanley Police Station has been a constant source of trouble specially during the rainy season, and it will be expedient during the coming winter to replace the present flat roof by a ridged one.

7. Maintenance of Telegraphs.-As stated in my last annual report, provision has been made in this year's estimate for partly meeting the expenditure to be incurred in the more general introduction of telephones in the place of telegraph instruments, as a means of communication between the several Police Stations, and other Government buildings throughout the Colony, and effecting other minor improvements set out in my report, C.S.O. 10.

This work has proceeded very satisfactorily, the lines in Kowloon have been constructed through- out as has also the line from Causeway Bay to Shaukiwan, and the whole of the telegraph instruments with the exception of the ones at the Post Office and Gap Rock, in connection with the Gap Rock cable, have been replaced by telephones.

ture.

8. Public Cemetery.-The Public Cemetery has been maintained without any exceptional expendi-

The number of interments have been 37.

9. Maintenance of Praya Wall and Piers.--The usual repairs have been carried out and no exceptional expenditure incurred.

10. Maintenance of Lighthouses.-The Lighthouses have been maitained in a satisfactory state of repair.

11. Maintenance of Disinfector.-The building and apparatus is in a satisfactory state of repair and no expenditure has been incurred on them during the current year.

12. Dredging Foreshores.-The dredger has been mainly employed at Causeway Bay from which 21,458 cubic yards of materials have been removed and deposited in the Praya Reclamation Works. The Dredger and Machinery is in a satisfactory state of repair.

13. Miscellaneous Works.-The principal works carried out under this heading have been :- Providing and fixing anemometer at the signal-man's hut at the Victoria Peak including alterations to the hut. The provision of drying rooms at the Government Civil Hospital. The erection of iron railings at the Lunatic Asylums, and the construction of two wells at Yau Ma Ti and Hung Hom.

Contracts have been entered into, C.S.O. 1983, for the reconstruction of the Magazine Gap Road Bridge, and for the construction of a Telescope House at the Observatory, C.S.O. 158.

512

14. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Victoria.-During the period under review the following roads have been re-macadamized and the side channels and kerbs straightened and improved, viz.: Queen's Road West to New Street, Wing Lok Street, Jervois Street, Queen's Street, Bonham Strand West, Mercer Street and Cross Street. Minor repairs have been effected in various parts of the city.

15. Maintenance of Roads out of Victoria.--The surfaces of Mount Kellet Road from the Aberdeen Road to Des Vœux Villas and the Peak Road from Mount Austin Hotel to Rural Building Lot No. 59, the lower portion of the Bowen Road and a portion of the Aberdeen New Road have been concreted with lime and cement concrete.

The Main Street of Aberdeen has been macadamized, kerbs and channels fixed where required, and surface drainage improved. Minor repairs have been effected in various parts throughout the island.

16. Maintenance of Roads and Bridges, Kowloon.-Bulkeley Street Hung Hom has been macada- mized, kerbed and channelled as has also a portion of Station Street Yau Ma Ti. Minor repairs have been effected in various parts of the Peninsula.

17. Maintenance of Water Works.-The water works have been maintained in a satisfactory manner without any extraordinary expenditure.

18. The scarcity of water that again prevailed during the months of March and April however necessitated the introduction of the intermittent system of supply.

There is not the slightest doubt that the scarcity experienced during that period and during the months of February, March, April and May, 1891, was mainly due to the waste and misuse of water by the inhabitants of the City of Victoria and Hill District generally, though at the same time the rainfall during these periods was considerably below the average.

66

19. Under section 5 of the Water Works Ordinance, "It shall be lawful for all persons occupying or owning any tenement to construct services for the supply of water from the Water Works... "and on the completion of the service to the satisfaction of the Water Authority it shall be connected "by the Water Authority to the water works."

The owners of 4,431 tenements have availed themselves of this privilege, and the consumption of water for domestic purposes averaged during 1892 for the whole population of the City and Hill Districts the high figure of 19 gallons a head per diem, clearly shewing that the privilege has been grossly abused.

20. In framing the above quoted section of the Ordinance the convenience of the public generally was evidently the first consideration, and it is with regret that I have to record that after 18 months experience the facilities for obtaining an ample supply of water thus offered have only resulted in its wholesale waste and misuse. The occupants of premises are the persons who clearly have it in their power to reduce this waste and misuse and they have failed to do so. Consequently it has been found necessary to enforce the provisions of Sections 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the Water Works Ordinance.

21. The City has been divided into 45 districts, and meters are being fixed for the purpose of ascertaining the consumption in every tenement or block of tenements in these districts, and the "Pres- cribed domestic quantity" is also being fixed in respect of such tenements. Owners and tenants of property will doubtless experience some inconvenience from the adoption of this course, but it must not be lost sight of that the Government have given them every opportunity to reduce the waste and misuse of water by ordinary means, they have failed to do so, and the Government have been forced to adopt exceptional measures for the protection of the Public Water Supply.

22. The following tabular statement respecting the consumption of water under the constant and intermittent system may be of interest.

Month.

Date.

Hours of Supply.

Total Consumption.

Gallons.

Consumption per head per diem.

March,

1st to 8th

Constant

2,881,350

19

March,

9th to 13th

5 A.M. to 9 P.M.

2,460,360

16

6 A.M. to 9 A.M.

March,

14th to 16th

1,537,725

10

6 P.M. to 8 P.M.

March,

17th to 23rd

6 A.M. to 10 A.M.

1,466,464

91

April,.

April,.

24th to 30th

7 A.M. to 10 A.M.

1,431,048

9212

513

N

23. It will be seen from the foregoing that the minimum supply during the period of scarcity was an average of 94 gallons per head per diem, more than ample to meet the ordinary domestic necessities of the population.

24. In appendices A and B will be found detailed information respecting the water supplied by the reservoirs and streams during the dry periods of 1892-1893 and 1890-1891. The particulars speak for themselves and are conclusive evidence of the absurdity of a story that has found some credence to the effect that there is a serious leakage through the Tytam Dam.

25. Maintenance of Sewers.-The sewers throughout the Colony have been maintained in a satis factory condition without any exceptional expenditure being incurred.

26. Lighting of City of Victoria and Kowloon.-The lighting contracts have been satisfactorily carried out by the Gas and Electric Companies in their respective areas.

27.- Maintenance of Public Recreation Ground.-The Public Recreation Ground has been main- tained at a small cost.

28.-Land Survey Branch.-During the year, five land sales have taken place, the area leased being 14,880 square feet, and 45 lease plans have been forwarded to the Land Office. In addition to the above, plans and particulars of leases have been sent to the Land Office for the preparation of the leases recommended by the Squatters Board in respect of the village of Aberdeen.

29. Surveys of the Villages of Ah-kung-ngam, Shaukiwan (East and West), Fuk Tsun Heung and Mongkok, have been completed.

30. Inspection of Buildings.—During the current year, plans for 9 European houses, 15 Chinese houses, 20 miscellaneous structures, and 78 for alterations to existing buildings have been deposited.

One hundred and fifteen buildings have been certified under Section 53 of Ordinance 15 of 1889. Permission has been granted to erect seven verandahs and two Piers over Crown Land. Notices have been issued to remove or repair dangerous structures in 39 instances and to remove verandah enclosures in one.

Three hundred and ninety-five miscellaneous notices and permits have been issued.

EXTRAORDINARY PUBLIC WORKS.

31. The Central Market.-Considerable progress has been made with this building during the last six months. The walls have been carried up to an average height of 8 feet above the first floor level, and all the girders and flooring plates fixed.

32. Contribution to Reclamation in front of Marine Lots 95-8 and 105.-This work was completed last year and the expenditure incurred during the present year is the balance due under the contract. All liabilities on account of the construction of this work have now been discharged.

33. Training Albany Nullah and Branches.-The extension named in my last annual report has been completed.

34. Slaughter House, Pig and Sheep Depôts, Kennedy Town.-Detail plans and estimates were laid before and approved by the Public Works Committee on the 8th March last and adopted by the Council. A contract has been entered into, C.S.O. with Messrs. CHAN A TONG & Co.; the whole of the foundations have been completed and the walls of the several blocks carried up to an average height

of about two feet.

18921

35. Kowloon New Roads.-The construction of this work was unfortunately delayed during the early part of this year but was recommenced in April last and satisfactory progress has since been made towards its completion.

36. New Water Mains.--A small expenditure has been incurred under this heading in relaying the pipes from the North East corner of Happy Valley to the East Point Refinery.

37. Sewerage of the City of Victoria.-The sewerage works in Districts Nos. 1 W., 2 W. and 3 W. have been completed with the exception of a short length which is awaiting the completion of the Storm Water Drain in Eastern Street.

38. Water Supply Kowloon.-Details, Drawings and Estimates have been prepared for the carrying out of this scheme and subject to the recommendation of the Public Works Committee and the approval of Council it is proposed to commence the work very shortly.

39. Extension of MacDonnell and Austin Roads, Kowloon.-Detail plans and estimates of this work including the lowering of a portion of Station Street, Yau Ma Ti, were laid before and approved by the Public Works Committee at a meeting held on the 25th of May last, and adopted by Council. The contract is now being prepared and the work will shortly be proceeded with.

514

40. Cattle Depôt, Kowloon Peninsula.-Plans have been prepared for the construction of a Cattle Depôt in Kowloon Peninsula in close proximity to the existing Slaughter House as recommended by the Sanitary Board. These plans were approved by the Public Works Committee at a meeting held on the 5th of April last and adopted by Council. It is proposed to proceed with this work early next

year.

41. Proposed Works.-Plans and Contracts are being prepared for an extension to the Volunteer Quarters, for the extension and improvement of the Victoria Gaol, and for the reconstruction of the Government Piers interfered with by the Praya Reclamation.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

42. Section 1 Eastern Portion.-A contract has been entered into with Mr. CHAN A TONG to level and concrete the rubble foundations on a length of 930 feet, ready for the reception of the concrete blocks. This work is proceeding fairly satisfactorily.

13

43. Section No 2.-13,630 Cubic yards of filling have been deposited under contract 32, 764 lineal feet of the rubble foundations levelled and concreted ready to receive the concrete blocks, 736 lineal feet of the first course and 589 lineal feet of the second course of concrete blocks set,

14

The reconstruction of the storm water drain in Queen's Road, Eastern and Centre Streets, Contract No. 1, has proceeded very slowly, and some difficulty has been experienced with the contractor.

Satisfactory progress has been made with the removal of the old Praya Wall.

44. Section No. 3.--82,201 Cubic yards of filling has been deposited in this section. A contract No. T has been entered into with Mr. TSANG KENG for levelling and concreting the rubble founda- tions of the eastern portion (720 lineal feet); and this work is proceeding satisfactorily.

17 1893

10

45. Section No. 7, Eastern Portion.—A contract P.W.D. No. 9 has been entered into with Mr. CHAN A TONG, for the construction of the necessary sewers, and arrangements are being made to lay the necessary water and gas pipes; after which, concreting, kerbing and channelling the roads will be proceeded with, and this portion completed.

The widening of the street east of the City Hall, and the construction of the boundary wall to the Cricket Ground have been practically completed.

The pier at the end of Ice House Lane has not yet been commenced owing to the loss of the timber at sea on its way from Manila.

STAFF.

46. During the year Mr. A. M. QUILL, on the expiration of his agreement in February last, resigned and his duties have since been discharged by Mr. CROOK with the assistance of Mr. BAMSEY, who was appointed draftsman on Mr. QUILL'S retirement, C.S.O., C.O.D. 268, and C.O.D.3.

47. Mr. A. H. RENNIE returned from leave on the 3rd of March, C.S.O. 1912.

30

Mr. MALSCH left on the 20th of February on nine months leave of absence, C.S.O. 1893, and his duties have been performed by Mr. PROSSER.

Mr. MUDIE left on the 3rd April on six months leave and his duties have been performed by Mr. BOULTON, C.S.O. 2572.

Mr. THOMPSON, Overseer of Cemetery, was granted two months leave from March the 6th, C.S.O. 45%, and Mr. CARROL six months leave from the 1st of April, C.S.O. 54, their duties being under- taken by Mr. ALMEIDA and Mr. MASON.

T8931

Mr. SING QUA was granted one month's leave from June the 5th, C.S.O. 19.

1893*

48. I regret to have to report that Mr. KING, C.S.O. 219, was absent for ten weeks from the 22nd of December last on account of sickness, and that the Chinese foreman Fu LUNG died in January last.

EXPENDITURE.

49. I attach Statements shewing expenditure to the 30th of June on account of Annually Recur- rent and Extraordinary Public Works and also on account of the Praya Reclamation.

The Honourable

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

FRANCIS A. COOPER,

Director of Public Works.

1

POKFULAM.

Appendix A.

HONGKONG WATER WORKS, 1892-1893.

TYTAM.

RAINFALL.

DATE.

DATE.

Quantity

in

Discharged

Collected

Quantity

Reservoir.

into

Tunnel.

from

in

Streams.

Reservoir.

Discharge

into

Tunnel.

Collected

from

Streams.

Average

During Period.

of

last 30 Years.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

inches.

inches.

October

5th, 1892,...

66,330,000

October 6th, 1892,...

312,000,000

15,336,000

4,600,000

45,650,000

13,000,000

0.02

5.36

November 1st, 1892,.......

60,550,000

November 1st, 1892,...

281,000,000

16,088,000

2,089,600

59,454,000

12,276,832

0.34

1.17

December 1st, 1892,...

52,800,000

December 1st, 1892,.

236,000,000

17,336,000

693,000

59,999,400

13,227,165

0.51

1.00

January 1st, 1893,...

39,800,000

January 1st, 1893,.

164,000,000

February 1st, 1893,...

29,400,000

16,143,000

15,904,000 Included in Tytam

454,000

60,175,000

10,382,000

1.53

0.98

February 1st, 1893,...

102,000,000

54,008,000

9,418,000

0.46

1.32

March

1st, 1893,...

16,300,000

March

1st, 1893,...

46,000,000

12,970,000

1,393,000

39,976,000

6,520,000

3.39

3.24

April

1st, 1898,...

8,700,000

10,941,000

3,031,000

April

28th, 1893,...

5,000,000

April 1st, 1893,...

April 28th, 1893,...

14,000,000

24,125,000

7,175,000

3.03

5.27

5,000,000

Total,.

104,718,000

12,260,600

Period-206 days.

Period-205 days.

343,387,400

71,998,997

9.28

18.34

515

POKFULAM.

Appendix B.

HONGKONG WATER WORKS, 1890-1891.

TYTAM.

RAINFALL.

DATE.

DATE.

Quantity

Discharged

Collected

Quantity

in

into

Reservoir.

Tunnel.

from

Streams.

in

Reservoir.

Discharged

into

Tunnel.

Collected

from

Streams.

During Period.

Average

of

last 30 Years.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

gallons.

inches.

inches.

September 9th, 1890,...

66,330,000

August 22nd, 1890,...

312,000,000

12,078,000

19,048,000

October 1st, 1890,...

61,128,000

September 1st, 1890,...

308,750,000

17,064,000

55,667,000

1.94

12.65

November 1st, 1890,..

50,549,000

October 1st, 1890,...

281,983,000

12,960,000

50,322,000

0.02

5.36

December 1st, 1890,...]

39,949,000

November 1st, 1890,.......

235,730,000

12,323,000

50,280,000

9,160,000

0.01

1.17

January 1st, 1891,...

31,906,000

December 1st, 1890,.......|

187,100,000

9,709,000

893,000

51,792,000

10,838,000

1.37

1.00

February 1st, 1891,...

22,331,000

January 1st, 1891,...

130,000,000

8,770,000

806,000

49,988,000

14,658,000

0.04

0.98

March

1st, 1891,...

14,910,000

February 1st, 1891,...

77,237,000

10,303,000

299,000

37,301,000

6,272,000

0.24

1.32

April

1st, 1891,...

12,000,000

March

1st, 1891,...

37,900,000

9,396,000

864,000

29,177,000

4,524,000

2.67

3.24

May

1st, 1891,...

4,085,000

April

1st, 1891,...

14,625,000

626,000

6,000

21,189,000

7,793,000

3.24

5.27

May

3rd, 1891,...

3,000,000

May

1st, 1891,...

4,250,000

1,028,000

1,000,000

May

3rd, 1891,...

4,250,000

Total,.

Period-237 days.

93,229,000

2,868,000

7

Period-255 days.

365,792,000

54,245,000

9.53

30.99

516

Personal Emoluments, Other Charges,

HONGKONG, PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

Statement of Expenditure to 30th June, 1893.

ANNUALLY RECURRENT.

517

WORK.

Repairs to Buildings,

Maintenance of Telegraphs,

">

>>

>>

Public Cemetery,

Praya Wall and Piers, Lighthouses,

Disinfector,

Dredging Foreshores,

Miscellaneous Works,

Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Victoria,.

>>

""

""

""

""

out of Victoria,

in Kowloon,

""

Maintenance of Water Works,.

""

Sewers,

Miscellaneous Services,..

Gas Lighting, City of Victoria,

Electric Lighting, City of Victoria,

Gas Lighting, Kowloon,

Maintenance of Public Recreation Ground,

Central Market,

*

· •

EXPENDITURE DURING 1893 TO 30TH JUNE.

C.

30,366.06 4,227.76

$

34,593.82

13,170.69

3,173.74

208.87

466.25

212.77

1,206.79

2,711.96

10,278.21

4,669.85

5,716.57

2,906.61

1,123.07

635.75

HONGKONG, PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

Statement of Expenditure to 30th June, 1893.

EXTRAORDINARY PUBLIC WORKS.

WORK.

Contribution to Reclamation in front of Marine Lots 95-8 and 105,.

Training Albany Nullah and Branches,.

Improvements, Recreation Ground, Happy Valley, Slaughter House, Pig and Sheep Depôts,

Kowloon New Roads,

* Reconstruction of Governor's Peak Residence,

New Water Mains,

Sewerage, City of Victoria,

Water Supply, Kowloon,

+

$

11,398.00

11,231.14

1,353.60

167.55

70,631.42

EXPENDITURE.

TOTAL.

Prior to 1893.

During 1893.

c.

$

C.

$

C.

97,905.52

47,276.59

145,182.11

5,525.00

6,000.00

11,525.00

29,353.46

1,777.65

31,131.11

15,979.16

15,979.16

28,867.61

3,337.95

32,205.56

5,680.52

8,903.73

14,584.25

1.975.52

1,975.52

164,023.66

1,415.75

165,439.41

140,449.09

27,624.84

168,073.93

8,869.18

114.15

8,983.33

498,628.72

96,450.66

595,079.38

* This expenditure was on account of rent for "Craigieburn."

518

Lotholders,-

Section No. 1,

Section No. 2,

Section No. 3,

Section No. 4,

Section No. 5,

Section No. 6,

Section No. 7,

Government,-

Section No. 4,

Section No. 5,

Section No. 6, Section No. 7,

...

HONGKONG, PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

Statement of Expenditure to 30th June, 1893.

PRAYA RECLAMATION WORKS.

WORK.

EXPENDITURE.

TOTAL.

Prior to 1893.

During 1893 to 30th June.

C.

C.

C.

92,939.62

12,472.13

105,411.75

140,080.70

14,864.55

154,945.25

184,286.88

17,039.22

201,326.10

16,686.28

803.40

17,489.68

28,407.25

1,398.11

29,805.36

50,176.69

2,187.03

52,363.72

131,531.32

4,939.61

136,470.93

2,518.17

123.92

2,642.09

8,152.01

403.02

8,555.03

4,275.29

210.02

4,485.31

191,862.51

6,842.46

198,704.97

Total,..

850,916.72

61,283.47

912,200.19

No. 1.

REPORT OF

OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 8th March, 1893.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER), Chairman.

>>

"}

the Colonial Treasurer (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

CATCHICK PAUL Chater.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

61

The Honourable THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

The Committee considered the plans for the proposed Slaughter-House and Pig and Sheep Depôts at Kennedy Town, and recommended that they be adopted in the event of the work being proceeded with.

The Committee is then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 22nd day of March, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

F. A. COOPER, Chairman.

No. 2.

C.S.O. 2552 of 1892.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 5th April, 1893.

63

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER), Chairman.

the Colonial Treasurer (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

>>

""

""

""

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHItehead.

The Committee considered the plans for the proposed Cattle Depôts at Kowloon, and recommended that they be adopted.

The Committee is then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 25th day of May, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

F. A. COOPER,

Chairman.

No. 3.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 25th May, 1893.

65

C.S.O.

600 of 1893.

Do.

C.S.O.

788 of 1893.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER), Chairman.

the Colonial Treasurer (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES).

;;

>>

99

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

ABSENT:

The Honourable CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

The Committee considered the plans for the proposed construction of Murray, Pedder Street, and Pottinger Street Wharves, and the extension of MacDonnell and Austin Roads.

MURRAY WHARF.--The Committee recommended that the plans be adopted.

PEDDER STREET WHARF AND POTTINGER STREET WHARF.-The Committee recommended that Plans and Estimates for the construction of Pedder Street and Pottinger Street Wharves in iron be prepared, and that pending their consideration no expenditure should be incurred in respect of these Wharves.

EXTENSION OF MACDONNELL ROAD AND AUSTIN ROAD.-The Committee recommended that the plans be adopted.

The Committee was then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 2nd day of June, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH,

Clerk of Councils.

F. A. COOPER,

Chairman.

No. 4.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 17th July, 1893.

67

C.S.O.

1566 of 1893.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (Francis Alfred COOPER), Chairman.

the Colonial Treasurer (NORMAN GILBERT Mitchell-Innes).

>"

""

CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

JAMES JOHNSTONE KESWICK.

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

""

""

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELILIOS.

The Committee considered the plans connected with the Kowloon Water Supply project, and recommended that they be adopted.

The Committee was then adjourned.

Laid before the Legislative Council this 29th day of August, 1893.

ARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.

F. A. COOPER,

Chairman.

No. 5.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE

At a Meeting held on the 25th September, 1893.

69

C.S.0.

PRESENT:

The Honourable the Director of Public Works (FRANCIS ALFRED COOPER), Chairman.

the Colonial Treasurer (NORMAN GILBERT MITCHELL-INNES). CATCHICK PAUL CHATER.

A

""

"1

""

THOMAS HENDERSON WHITEHEAD.

EMANUEL RAPHAEL BELIlios.

The Committee considered,-

1943 of 1893.

C. S. O. 600 of 1893.

(a) The plans of the Gaol Extension, and recommended that they be adopted, approving of the expenditure of $2,500 on a wall at the Reformatory, subject to the plans and work being approved by the Director of Public Works.

(b) The designs in stone and iron for the proposed piers at Peddars Street and Pottinger Street to abut on the proposed new Praya, and recommended that the designs for the construction of the piers in stone be adopted.

The Committee then adjourned.

253

No. 20

93

HONGKONG.

REGISTRAR GENERAL'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 1st June, 1893.

Registrar GENERAL'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 23rd May, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward herewith my report on the work of this department during the year 1892.

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

The cost of the establishment of the Registrar General in 1892 was $22,278 as compared with $22,765.79 in 1891.

These figures do not include the half pay of the Assistant Registrar General, which is being drawn at home, as that Officer is at present on leave.

The revenue collected by this department amounted to $77,388.17. In Table I will be found a comparative statement of the revenue for the years 1891 and 1892 together with a detailed statement of the revenue derived from boats and markets. The revenue for 1892 shows an increase of $1,211.06 over that of 1891. The chief increase is in the revenue derived from boats which amounted to $15,066.25, or $3,262.75 more than the previous year. This increase is due to the provisions of Ordinance 26 of 1891, under which lighters, fish-drying hulks, etc. have now to pay annual licence fees, from which they were formerly exempted. The chief decrease-$2,268.50-appears under the head "Hawkers' Fees." Hawkers' licences are annual and the licence fees were collected annually up till the end of September, 1892, when a change was made and the fees commenced to be collected quarterly, so that the year 1892 is credited with the fees for one quarter instead of for a whole

year. The number of hawkers' licences issued in 1891 was 2,171 and in 1892, 3,029, or an increase in the latter year of 858.

The total number of licences of various kinds issued during the year 1892 was 8,004 as compared with 6,770 in 1891.

WOMEN AND GIRLS' PROTECTION ORDINANCE (11 of 1890).

This Ordinance has continued to work satisfactorily. Under it there have been 80 prosecutions involving 91 persons (see Table II). In these cases 12 of the defendants were discharged, 2 were called upon to find security, and 66 were found guilty, and either fined in sums varying from $1 to $100 or sentenced to terms of imprisonment varying from six months to one year.

Under Part II of the Ordinance 260 women and girls were detained. Of this number two died and nine were still under the care of the Pó Léung Kuk or Society for the Protection of Women and Girls at the end of the year. The remaining 249 were dealt with as follows:---

Left,

Restored direct to parents or relatives, Restored to husbands,.

..42

.82 ..46

??

""

**

>>

guardians, native place,

6

7

9)

19

through charitable institutions in

China,

..16

Sent to Victoria Home,

Sent to Haiphong through the French Consul,

Sent to the Italian Convent,

Sent to Alice Memorial Hospital,

Adopted, Married,

4

9

5

2

5 25

249

Of the girls secured by bonds, the validity of which is protected by section 19 of Ordinance 11 of 1890, during the past year, one was sent to school, one was relieved from presenting herself at this Office quarterly, fifteen were married, one died, and two absconded. The number of these girls is now reduced to 103.

254

As regards Part III of the Ordinance and the Regulations made under Part IV section 33, dealing with the subject of the registration of brothels, returns are given in Table III A & B showing the number of prostitutes and servants who entered and left registered brothels during each month of the year, and the number of registered brothels and inmates at the end of each month during the year. The total number of prostitutes who entered brothels for Chinese was 1,144 and of those who entered brothels for others than Chinese 180.

There were 49 prosecutions against unregistered houses during the year in 41 of which convict- ions were obtained (see Table II).

FEMALE EMIGRATION.

In Table IV will be found a return showing the number of women and girls and boys passed by the Emigration Officer, assisted by an Officer from this Department, during 1892. The total number was 6,550, showing an increase over 1891 of 323 persons.

HOME FOR GIRLS

The women and girls rescued under the Ordinance have continued to find a home in a portion of the Tung Wa Hospital. As I pointed out in my report last year, the accommodation there is both insufficient and unsuitable. The question of the erection of a Home better adapted to meet the require- ments of the Ordinance and to afford greater comfort to its inmates has been referred to a Special Committee appointed by His Excellency the Governor, the members of which are also considering a draft bill for the incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk or Society for the Protection of Women and Girls, by which it is proposed to place the Society on a more satisfactory footing and thereby to increase its efficiency.

During the past year I have received great assistance from the present Committee and other members of the Pó Léung Kuk in carrying out the provisions of the Women and Girls Protection Ordinance. Without such assistance I doubt whether it would be possible for the Ordinance to work effectively, and I am certain that, in the absence of the co-operation and advice of the leading members of the Chinese community, it would be impossible to secure properly the welfare of the large number of women and girls who are rescued.

VITAL STATISTICS.

The estimated population on the 31st December was as follows:-

British and Foreign (including Army and Navy).

10,590.

Chinese.

221,072.

Whole.

231,662.

This estimate is based on the average increase in the population between 1857 and 1891, which was 3.152 per cent.

MARRIAGES.

The total number of marriages in 1892 was 75 as compared with 87 in 1891.

BIRTHS.

In Table V, Return A, will be found a return of the births registered during 1892. Among the British and Foreign Community, the total number of registered births was 183-males 99, females 84 -which shows a decrease of 22 compared with the births in 1891. Among the Chinese Community there was an increase in the number of registered births, the total being 1,660 in 1892-males 943, females 717-and 1,529 in 1891.

DEATHS (ORDINANCE 7 OF 1872).

Table V, Return A, contains the number of deaths during the year 1892.

The deaths among the British and Foreign Community numbered 184 or 7 less than in the previous year: among the Chinese, 4,722, as compared with 5,183 in 1891.

The annual death-rate per 1000 was lower last year than in 1891. Among the British and Foreign Community it was 17.37 in 1892 and 18.20 in 1891: among the Chinese 21.36 in 1892 and

24.18 in 1891.

BURIALS.

Of the 3,830 deaths which occurred among the Chinese in Victoria, 3,586 bodies were buried in the Colony, leaving 244 to be accounted for which were sent out of the Colony. The number of dead bodies brought from other places and buried in the Colony amounted to 61.

EXHUMATIONS.

248 permits were granted to exhume dead remains and remove them to China. In each case a reference was made to the Superintendent of the Sanitary Board before the issue of a permit.

INFANTILE MORTALITY.

A reference to Table V, Return C, will show that the total infantile mortality last year was larger than in 1891. During 1892 the number of deaths under one year was 1,539 or 31.37 per cent. of the total mortality for the year. For the British and Foreign Community there was a decrease of deaths under one year, the number being 22 as compared with 29 in 1891, but among the Chinese community there was an increase of 13, the figures being 1,504 in 1891 and 1,517 in 1892.

ד:

255

HOSPITAL DEATHS.

In 1892 out of a total of 4,906 deaths for the whole Colony, the Hospital deaths amounted to:-

i

Tung Wa Hospital,

Government Civil Hospital,.

Alice Memorial Hospital,.

Royal Naval Hospital,

Military Hospital'

Gun Lascar Hospital,

Peak Hospital,

or 24.99 per cent. of the total mortality for the year.

Total,

.1,103 55

28

6

30

4

..1,226

Table VII gives the number of patients under treatment in the Tung Wa Hospital during 1892 and shows that the total number under treatment in the Hospital during the year was 2,566; the total discharged 1,351: the total of deaths 1,103 or 44.95 per cent. of the total number admitted. The out-patients during the year were:-

Male, Female,

Total,

151,158

78,313

229,471

MORTALITY DURING LAST SIX YEARS.

The following table shows the number of deaths and the death rate per 1,000 during the past six years :-

Estimated Population.

1887.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

British and Foreign,.

10,552

10,692

10,832

10,972

10,494

10,590

Chinese,

....

.175,410

179,530

183,650

187,770

214,320

221,072

Whole,

185,962

190,222

194,482

198.742

224,814

231,662

Deaths,

....

5,317

6,034

4,597

4,553

5,374

4,906

Death rate per 1,000.

British and Foreign,..

23.31

23.28

17.54

17.13

18.20

17.37

Chinese,

28.90

32.22

24.00

23.25

24.18

21.36

"..

Whole,

28.59

31.72.

23.64

22.90

23.90

21.18

REGISTERED CAUSES OF DEATH AND MEDICAL CERTIFICATES.

In Table V, Return B, will be found the causes of death. Of the total number of deaths, 482 or 9.82 per cent. have been certified to by medical certificate or by the Magistrate performing the duties of Coroner.

my

In Table IX will be found a report which I forwarded to the Government last year containing views as to how more reliable returns of the real causes of death might be secured and what steps might be taken to provide the poorer classes of the Colony with the benefits of Western medical assistance and medicine should they desire to avail themselves of them.

VACCINATION ORDINANCE, 5 OF 1890.

A reference to Table VI will show that, during the year, 1,060 notices calling upon persons to have their children vaccinated were served and that 1,176 certificates of successful vaccination were received.

There was only one prosecution for failure to produce the certificate required under this Ordinance, in which a conviction was obtained.

ORDINANCE FOR THE REGISTRATION OF BOOKS PRINTED AND PUBLISHED IN

HONGKONG (10 or 1888.).

During 1892, 29 books were published as compared with 29 in 1891. Lists of these have already been published in the Government Gazette.

REGISTRATION OF HOUSEHOLDERS.

Under the law regulating the registration of householders, the actual tenant or occupant of the whole of any building or tenement in a district of Victoria, or, in cases where there is no such person, the immediate landlord of the whole of a building or tenement (persons other than Chinese not being

256

included, unless a portion of their house is rented by Chinese) and in the case of companies, the Secretary or Manager has within 15 days after becoming a householder to register the following par- ticulars:-

(1) Name of street and number of house.

(2) Name, address, profession, or trade.

(3) Name, condition, or occupation of any person renting any portion of the house for any

period not less than a month:

Should any change occur in the tenancy of any portion of the house after it has been registered, a report has to be made within one week of such change.

Table VIII contains a return showing the number in each district of

(a) the first registration of householders.

(b) the re-registration of householders.

(c) the extracts from householders' registers. (d) the removals of householders.

(e) duplicate householders' certificates issued.

(f) changes in tenancy reported.

The same Table, return B, shows the number of Chinese shops, together with the nature of their business, opened and closed during 1892. The number of shops opened was 1,148, and closed 983, leaving a balance of 165 in favour of shops opened over those closed. The number of shops opened and closed in 1891 was 932 and 876 respectively.

MARKETS.

Table 1, Return C, shows the number of occupied and vacant shops and stalls at the end of the year together with the annual revenue derived from each market. The total revenue derived from markets during 1892 was $54,088.57 as compared with $53,514.96 in 1891, showing an increase of $573.61.

During the year 121 shops and stalls were put up to tender, 82 of which were let. For 39 no tender was received. The total number of shops and stalls occupied was 634, unoccupied 145. Con- siderable progress has been made with the new building for the Central Market, which it is hoped will be ready for occupation in a year.

NIGHT PASSES.

During the year 65 applications for quarterly passes and 28 applications for special and annual passes were recommended. The total number of quarterly passes issued by the Police during 1892 was 15,917 as compared with 18,836 in 1891, and of annual and special passes issued by the Colonial Secretary 368 as compared with 381 in 1891.

PERMITS (ORDINANCE 13 OF 1888, CHAP. V.)

The number of permits issued during the year was as follows:-

To erect sheds for religious ceremonies,

To fire crackers,

To hold processions,

To perform theatricals,

.100

....119

25

5

Total,.....

246

SURETIES REFERRED FOR REPORT.

Departments.

Harbour Master's,

The following is a list of the sureties referred for report to this department during 1892 :-

Number.

.516

Magistracy,

Police,

Treasury,

Sanitary Board,..

Crown Solicitor's, ...

Botanical and Afforestation,..............................................

Total,..............

....146

.....459

60

30

8

3

.1,222

DISTRICT WATCHMEN (ORDINANCE 13 OF 1888, CHAP. IV.)

The Committee appointed to co-operate with this Department in the administration of the District Watchmen's Fund has, as was anticipated, not only proved of great assistance in increasing the efficiency of the District Watchmen's Force, over which it has been found possible, through the aid of the Committee, to exercise a closer supervision, but has also by its advice on several important questions connected with the affairs of the Chinese community been a great help to this Department. The personnel of the Committee is the same as in 1891 with the exception of one member, Mr. SHAM CH'EUK-T'ONG, who died during the year. The high respect in which he was held was attested by

257

the unusually large number of the members of the Chinese community who attended his funeral. Mr. LEUNG P'UI-CHI was appointed by the Governor to fill the vacancy in the Committee caused by the death of Mr. SHAM CH'EUK-T'ONG.

The Committee held nine ordinary meetings and one extraordinary meeting during the year. New Rules were drawn up under Ordinance 13 of 1888, Chap. IV, Section 19, with the advice of the Committee, for the regulation and guidance of the District Watchmen, and approved by the Governor in Council. Copies of these rules have been distributed among the contributors to the District Watchmen's Fund, by whom more interest seems to be evinced in and more assistance asked from the Force than formerly. The Committee has also had under consideration the improvement of the Force by an increase of the present rate of pay with a view to obtain a better class of recruits and by introducing a scale of rewards for especially good service in order to stimulate the efforts of the members of the Force to help to maintain the peace and good order of the Colony.

The Annual accounts of the Fund have already been published (see Government Gazette, Notific- ation No. 87.). The number of cases brought before the Magistrates by District Watchmen was 286, in all of which convictions were obtained. Most of these were cases of petty larceny and of unlawful possession. The Force consists of six Head Watchmen and forty-two Ordinary Watchmen, an addition of three men having been made during the year. Four watchmen have been dismissed and three have resigned. The vacancies so caused have been filled up.

LEGISLATION AFFECTING THE CHINESE.

Of the 15 Ordinances passed by the Legislative Council during the year 1892, there is only one which more particularly affects the Chinese, viz., Ordinance 3. Under it a fee of $1 is charged for the issue of a duplicate annual pass, and of 50 cents for the issue of a duplicate quarterly pass.

A Bill for the Incorporation of the Pó Léung Kuk or Society for the Protection of Women and Girls was read a first time and has been referred to a special Committee consisting of the Honourable C. P. CHATER, Honourable Ho KAI, Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD, the Acting Colonial Treasurer (Mr. F. H. MAY,) and the Registrar General for report.

TRANSLATION WORK.

The amount of translation work has been about the same as usual. It consists of translations of Chinese petitions presented to the Registrar General and transmitted to the Colonial Secretary and other departments, the translation and revision of documents received from other departments, trans- lations of notices for the Gazette, the issue of notices in Chinese, and the translation of some Ordinances. In Table X will be found a return showing the number and subject of the Chinese petitions presented during 1892.

THE CHINESE RECREATION GROUND.

The buildings, etc., on the ground have been put in thorough repair by the Public Works Depart- ment at a cost of $416.89, the greater part of which amount was expended on making arrangements for providing water and on paving with granite the space inside the cooking stalls.

In December, 56 of the 81 small shops round the ground were let and 16 out of the 24 cooking stalls. The 20 tables set aside for letter writers were all let as was also the story teller's pavilion. For some time during the year the pavilion was rented by well-to-do Chinese who paid a lecturer to deliver lectures there.

Two Indian Watchmen and one Chinese are employed to keep order on the ground.

The revenue derived from the stalls, etc., during the year was $2,457.88, and the expenditure $1,161.13 of which the sum of $744.24 was ordinary recurrent expenditure. The balance in hand at the end of the year was $1,296.78 which goes towards paying off the loan of $6,000 advanced by the Government to cover the cost of levelling and planting the ground and erecting stalls.

STAFF.

Mr. MADAR was appointed Second Clerk in place of Mr. E. S. SUTTON, who was acting in that post. Mr. MOK LAI-CHI, Chinese Clerk and Interpreter, Mr. CH'AN U-TS'ÜN, Chinese Writer, and Mr. IP PING-KWAN, Chinese Clerk and Shroff, were dismissed. Mr. SUNG SING was promoted to the post of 1st Chinese Clerk and Interpreter. Mr. Lo MAN-YUK, was appointed to the post of 2nd Chinese Clerk and Interpreter, rendered vacant by Mr. SUNG's promotion. Mr. Ho WING-HO was appointed Chinese Clerk and Shroff, and Mr. YAU K'I-TUNG, Chinese Writer.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

J. H. STEWART LOCKHART,

Registrar General.

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

&c.,

Colonial Secretary, &c.,

&c.

258

Table I.

A.--Comparative Statement of Revenue during the Years 1891 and 1892, respectively.

ORDINANCES UNDER WHICH

RECEIVED.

DESCRIPTION.

No. OF LICENCES

AND CERTIFICATES| REVENUE

ISSUED.

Ordinance 21 of 1887,

Regulations under Ordi- nance No 8 of 1879,

Hawkers,

Chinese Undertakers, Rowing Boats, Water Boats, Fish drying hulks & Cinder, &c., boats,... Cargo Boats, Lighters,

& other boats,.. Householders,

Re-registration,.............

Ordinance 13 of 1888,

Removals,

Extracts,

Bonds,

Ordinance No 9 of 1867,

Ordinance No 21 of 1887,

Money Changers,..

Ordinance No 7 of 1872,...

Births and Deaths,

Ordinance No 14 of 1875,... Marriages,.

Markets,

Ordinance No 17 of 1887,

Cattle Shed,

Ordinance No 17 of 1891,... Arms Licences,...

Laundries,

Miscellaneous,

IN 1891.

REVENUE IN 1892.

INCREASE. DECREASE.

1891.

1892.

$

ር.

C.

C.

2,171

3,029

4,340.50

2,072.00

13

12

130.00

120.00

2,268.50

10.00

1,668

1,843

4,980.50

5,708.25 727.75

1,059

97

82

1,558 6,823.00 9,358.00

291.00 246.00

2,535.00

45.00

1,205

977

1,205.00

977.00

228.00

75

88

18.75

22.00

3.25

320

265

80.00

66.25

13.75

5.00

40.00

35.00

118

114

590.00

570.00

20.00

86.40

:

:.

108.40

22.00

...

357.00

270.00

87.00

53,514.96 | 54,088.57

573.61

:

2,760.00

2,400.00

360.00

44

36

220.00

180.00

40.00

:

:

403.70

403.70

50.00

53.00

3.00

725.00

705.00

20.00

Sale of Chinese Gazette,

Estreatment of Bonds,...

TOTAL,......

6,770

DEDUCT DECREASE,

8,004 76,177.11 77,388.17 4,303.31 3,092.25

...$ 3,092.25

Cargo Boats, Lighters,....

TOTAL INCREASE IN THE YEAR, ́

.$

1,211.06

B-Fees from Boats.

$ 7,189.00

1,060.00

Other Boats,

Rowing Boats,

Water Boats,

Fish drying Hulks,

1,109.00

4,260.00

455.50

772.50

Cinder, Bum and Hawker Boats,

220.25

TOTAL,

.$15,066.25

C.--Revenue from the Markets and the Number of Shops and Stalls Occupied and Unoccupied at the end of 1892.

Shops and Stalls.

Revenue.

Occupied. Unoccupied.

Central Market,

$22,741.35

179

9

Western Market,

18,423.94

162

3

Taip'ingshán Market,

2,087.96

34

40

Saiyingp'ún Market,

5,462.07

64

4

Wántsai Market,

1,727.35

37

14

Sókónpó Market,.....

512.40

23

18

Shektongtsui Market,

179.30

12

18

Shaukiwán Market,..

554.26

29

1

Yaumati Market,.

1,380.45

44

32

Hunghom Market,

1,019.49

50

6

TOTAL,

.$54,088.57

634

145

Table II.

Prosecutions instituted during the year 1892.

259

How disposed of.

Number Number

Ordinance.

of

of

cases. persons.

Offence.

Convicted and punished.

Dis- charged.

Secu- rity.

11 of 1890,

14

14

Women and Girls'

Having Children in Brothel and keeping incorret list of in-

14 (a)

Protection.

Do.

17

28

mates.

Bringing into or taking away from the Colony or purchasing or selling &c. any women or girls for the purpose of prostitution.

Keeping unregistered Brothels,....

11 (b) (c)

10

5

1

Do.

49

49

41 (a)

7

1

7 of 1892,

Registration of Births

15

15

Registration of births after the

prescribed time.

14 (a)

1

and Deaths.

.5 of 1890,

1

1

Breach of Vaccination Ordinance,

1 (α)

Vaccination.

13 of 1888, Regulation of Chinese.

1

1

Neglect to furnish particulars for registration in the Household- ers' Registers.

1 (a)

:

(a) Fined.-Fines ranged from $1 to $100.

(b) Imprisoned.-Various terms from 6 months to 1 year.

(c) 2 Cases defended by Counsel or Solicitor.

Table III.

A.-Return showing the number of Prostitutes and Servants who entered and left the registered Brothels in each month of the year 1892. (Ordinance 11 of 1890.)

Brothels for Chinese.

Month.

Prostitutes.

Servants.

Brothels for other than Chinese.

Prostitutes.

Servants.

Prostitutes.

Total.

Servants.

Entered. Left. Entered. Left. Entered. Left. Entered. Left. Entered. Left. Entered. Left.

January,

78

74

8

9

19

15

2

2

97

February,

49

35

212

73

12

13

7

6

61

888

89

10

11

48

219

79

March,

April,

≈ 888

66

is g

89

47

223

11

15

4

4

77 104

51

26

78

43

37

16

10

87

53

37

16

May,

78

55

41

31

29

19

00

8

4

107

74

49

35

June,....

130 61

45

232

16

5

2

2

146

66

47

34

July,

129 67

85

48

16

18

3

1

.145

August,

119 77

15

55

40

17

19

4

6

136

September,

114

81

33

October,....

89

94

56

November,

126

106

December,

88 84

888

59

On Co No

25

17

16

2

2

131

15

59

85

96

888888

49

59

46

97

35

11

14

2.

100

108

20

35

27

58

37

58

12

10

3

1

138

116

62

59

35

21

11

18

2

2.

.99

102

37

23

1,144 866

713

410

180 172

39

32

1,324 1,038

752

442

260

Table III.

B.-Return showing the total number of registered Brothels and Inmates at the end of each month of the year 1892,

(Ordinance 11 of 1890.)

Months.

Brothels.

BROTHELS FOR CHINESE.

BROTHELS FOR OTHER THAN CHINESE.

TOTAL.

Prostitutes.

Inmates.

Servants.

Brothels.

Prostitutes.

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

to 8 8 8 8

87

1,216 1,014

51

271

86

1,231 1,153

51

271

89

1,211 1,178

93

1,245

1,199

96

1,268

1,209

June,

104

1,337 1,222

July,

111

1,421

1,259

August,.

114

1,464

1,274

September,

117

1,497

1,282

2 2 2 2 N 7 8

51

268

51

267

51

277

52

288

52

286

51

284

50

285

October,

122

1,492 1,303 50

282

November,

129

1,518

1,304

50

284

December,.

128

1,522

1,318

50

277

Inmates.

Servants.

Brothels.

Prostitutes.

Inmates.

Servants.

78

* 2 2 2 8 8 8 8 8 x

138 1,487 1,092

79

137

1,502

1,232

79

140

1,479 1,257

79

144

1,512

1,278

83

147

1,545

1,292

83

156

1,625

1,205

85

163

1,707

1,344

83

165

1,748

1,357

83

167

1,782 1,365

83

172

1,774

1,386

185 185

179

1,802 1,389

178

1,799

1,403

Table IV.

Return showing the Number of Female Passengers, Boys and Girls examined and passed at the Emigration Office under "The Chinese Emigration Consolidation Ordinance, 1889," during the year 1892 at which examination an Officer from the Registrar General's Office was present.

Countries.

Women.

Boys.

Girls.

Total.

For Honolulu,

», Mauritius,

San Francisco,

>>

Straits Settlements,

Vancouver B.C.,

39

,, Victoria,............

130

105

37

272

6

15

1

22

148

31

16

195

4,749

718

567

6,034

1

13

14

1

12

13

Grand Total,..............................

5,035

894

621

6,550

DISTRICTS.

Table V.

A. RETURNS OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS FOR THE YEAR 1892.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE.

GRAND TOTAL.

BIRTHS.

DEATHS.

BIRTHS.

DEATHS.

BIRTHS.

DEATHS.

Sex

Boys.

Girls. Total. Males. Females.

Total.

Boys.

Girls.

Total. Males. Females.

Total.

Unknown.

Victoria,..

93

78

171

122

42

164

769

569

1,338

2,243 1,584

3,830

1,509

3,995

Kaulung,

5

6

11

15

16

62

43

105

271

190

467

116

483

Shaukiwán,

1

1

1

1

2

58

56

114

123

91

215

115

217

Aberdeen,

2

2.

45

37

82

89

83

172

82

174

:

Stanley,

:

:

9

12

21

23

15

38

21

38

TOTAL,..

99

84

183

140

44

184

943

717

1,660

2,749

1,963

10

4,722.

1,843

4,907

DEATHS.

BRITISH & FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

DEATHS IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.

ESTIMATED POPULATION.

Annual Birth-Rate Annual Death-Rate per 1,000.

per 1,000.

Europeans, exclusive of Portuguese,.

51

Of the Deaths in Victoria, there were in the-

Males. Females. Total.

British and Foreign Community,..

10,590

17.28

17.37

Portuguese,

29

Tung Wa Hospital,.

877

214 1,091

Indians, &c.,

49

Chinese,.

Italian Convent,

150

286

436

..221,072

7.50

21.36

Non-Residents,

55

Asile de la Ste. Enfance,...

298

475

773

Whole Population,

231,662

7.96

21.18

TOTAL,

184

TOTAL,.

1,825

975

2,300

201

262

Table Nb.-RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN

COMMUNITY.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA DISTRICT.

DIVISION.

CLASSIFICATION OF CAUSES OF DEATH. (IN GROUPS.)

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Sokonpo.

I.-General Diseases.

Bowrington.

Wantsai.

Hawan.

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

Kennedytown.

Harbour.

:

Group A.,

B.,

""

C.,

25

D.,

3073

10* 2:

1

22::

9:

15

15

2

15

1

16

171

54

349

66

6

16

3

2

1

16

9

13

1

8

198

5

1

4

5

1

10

:

12:

**::

28

II.-Local Diseases.

The Nervous System,

12

1

7

10

The Circulatory System,

5

3

The Respiratory System,...

40

2

The Digestive System,

14

The Urinary System,....

11

The Generative System,

1

22:

22

1

50

323

2:82::

530

6

320

207

35

1

9

2

1810

1

1 13

5

49

11

133

475

123

9

3 72

72

5

58

6

1

3

1

:

:

:

::

1

2-2:::

1

Ι

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

1

:

2

1

:

:

:

:.

10

10

:

1

:.

:.

:

1

:

4

4

1

...

Co

3

10

1

2

1

186

85

1

3

30 9 56

Affections connected with

Pregnancy,

Affections connected with

Parturition,

Affections consequent on

Parturition,

Diseases of the Organs of

Locomotion,

III.-Morbid States and Pro-

cesses,

IV.-Ill-defined & Undiag-

nosed,

...

2

1

19

TOTAL, ALL CAUSES,...145

CAUSES.

I.-General Diseases,

A.-Specific Febrile

Disease.

Exanthemata.

Small-pox,

Measles,

:

2

10

5

19

2

59

48

80

1

10

5

88 846 29

808 1,440 394

21

10

133

1

35

1881

10

5

Diphtheria,

Fever, Simple Continued,

Choleraic Diarrhoea,

Dysentery,

2

Influenza,

...

...

3 6 1

...

...

2

163

1

13

69 12

1

46

246

1

1

4

Malarial.

Fever, Intermittent,

Remittent,

3

Malarial Cachexia,.

1

261

...

Beri-Beri,

1

a::

5

in có

:22

7

CO -

1

co:

3

3

16

96 17

4

7

7 10

11

95 13

:

1

94

::

...

:2

10

Septic.

Erysipelas,

1

1

...

Septicæmia,... Puerperal Fever,.

1

Syphilis,

Venereal.

Zoogenous.

Hydrophobia,

1

:.

:

::

:

:

:::

1

:.

:

:

:

:

1

:

:

:

:::

:

:

Total Group A,... 15 15 2 15

1

3|:

16

171

8

54

349 66

6

1 28

1

REGISTERED DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1892.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

263

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

KAULUNG SHAUKIWAN ABERDEEN STANLEY DISTRICT.

DISTRICT. DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

GRAND TOTAL.

109

95

7

8

128

: :

1

39989985

256

1

1,061

64

10

2

91

117

263

10

3

15

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Under 1

Month.

Over 1 & under

12 Months.

Over 1 & under 5 Years.

Over 5 & under 15 Years.

Over 15 & un-

der 45 Years.

Over 45

Years.

Age Un-

known.

:

...

:

734

251

229

36

20

10

1

1,281

: : : ܗ: :

1

21

11

33

...

2

6

27

40

537

604

1,214

4

60

31

15

74

74

253

1

3

...

12

5

5

99

46

57

51

6

3

3

3

19

15

1

:

::

2:::

20

31

1

1

918:

1

17

888

98

Ι

3

: co

3

17

1

1

...

...

72

27

1622

35

6

13

4

6

15

6

1

33

18 13

24

52

10

14

23

20

2

7 2

...

::

:..

:

4

2

:

:.

:..

:

:.

.:.

:..

4

37

36

1

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

.

4:

:

:

:

:

:

:

ลง

306 161 121

1

:

1

1

2

10

5

:

:

:

:.

94

59

113

31

A

2

1

:

1

20

20

ลง

2

6

4

13

...

1.

:

:

292

4,906

s

13 57 46

2

345

52 104

22

58

54

1

126

68

~

951

*588 459 214 1,491 1,197 6

33333

5

25

8

6

44

1

1

2

1

1

2

16

90

73 46

133

89

447

:

2

...

:

::

1

1

1

2

1

41

25

70

1

1

3

1

1 2

5

20

136

58

220

19

67

34

123

2

2

::

:..

1

89

47

137

1

1

HQ

4

::

...

242

...

...

91

44

6

5

12

20

...

...

2

: 28::

6

2

10

12

39

34

...

...

2:::

8

00

10

AD

...

:::

:

:

1

99

46

:

1

:

57

51

20

:

:

31

6

1

1

...

:

:

...

:

2

3

...

:

17 98

18885

109

95

485

256

1

1,061

1

264

CAUSES.

RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

BRITISH

AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA DISTRICT.

DIVISION.

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Sokonpo.

Bowrington.

1

Brought forward,...| 15 15 2

General Diseases,-Conta

B.-Diseases dependent on

Specific External Agents.

(1.)-Parasites.

Worms,

(2.)-Poisons.

Vegetable-Opium,

Unknown (Narcotic),...

Carbolic Acid,...

(3.)—Effect of Injuries.

Burns and Scalds,

...

:

1

1

15

4.

Heat-Apoplexy,

Asphyxia, Drowning,..

2

"9

Strangulation,

Unknown,

Injuries (Unclassified),

1

2

~ ::

2

1

1

to Head,

""

to Neck,

to Spleen,

"

to Intestine,

""

دو

to Femorial Artery,

Wounds, ...

6

1

2

1

:

Wantsai.

...

Hawan.

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

Kennedy-

town.

Harbour.

16 171

8

54 349

66

: : :

:

2

1

2

1

...

:

2

::

~ ::

...

7

1 2

H

:

6

1

2

...

2

3

I 28

:

:

:::

...

3

1

...

3

1

10

5

2

2

1

16

9

13

1

...

2

...

Fractures and Contusions,...

(4.)-Errors of Diet.

Alcoholism,

2

3

Total Group B.,... 16

C.-Developmental

Diseases.

Immaturity at Births,

Debility, .................

Senility,

Congenital Mal-formation of

Heart,

Total Group C.,...

D.-Miscellaneous

2

4

G+:

1

: ܗ:

:

7 2

Diseases.

:

:

:

:

Scrofula,

Anæmia,

Malignant New Growth,....

12:

~::

1

Total Group D.,... 3

1

II.-Local Diseases.

A.-The Nervous System.

:

1

::

:::

Hydrocephalus,

1

Meningitis,

Encephalitis,

1

2

Carried forward,... 41

1280

:

:

:

:

:

:::

:

:

:

:

1

N N

00

198

8

198

+4

1

::

...

1

1

LO

5

1

1

1

4

4

4

10

5

1

...

2

...

: ~ :

2

...

...

:

:

:::

...

:

...

:

***

...

1

00

8

17

1

ཚ།:

16

173

10

81:

2

...

82

561

85

8

3 32

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 1892,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

265

485 256

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

KAULUNG SHAUKIWAN DISTRICT..

ABERDEEN STANLEY DISTRICT. DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

GRAND

TOTAL.

98

109

95

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Under 1

Month.

Over 1 & under

12 Months.

Over 1 & under

5 Years.

Over 5 & under

15 Years.

Over 15 & un-

der 45 Years.

Over 45

Age

Years.

Unknown,

66

46

57

51

:

20

31

:

{

6

21

2

1

17

::

:

6

:

-

:

:

::

3

3

3

6

:

:

19

1

15

Co

:

:

1,061

8

1

:.

:

1

n

12

:

- ♡

3

14

5

...

:

5

:

:

:

::

18

124

3

1

3

2

dd OC

2 3 10 10 TNN Ind ca punt pris 10 00

:

:.

:

-I

1

10

13

11

:

17

:

:

2

8

64

10

2

91

:

:

128

42

22:

:

:

:

1

13

4

5

215 42

1

co::

བ:

~

:00

10

Co

263

3

1

11

15

- CO

2

2

10

5

66

116 104

687 386

3

1,430

266

CAUSES.

NUMBER

RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

BRITISH

AND

FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA DISTRICT.

DIVISION.

Civil.

Army.

Brought forward,... 41

Local Diseases, Cont

The Nervous System.

20

20

Navy.

Sokonpo.

Bowrington.

Brought forward,... 2

1

Myelitis,

Brain, Abscess of,

1

25

Hæmorrhage of,

2

Apoplexy,

Paralysis,

Hemiplegia,

...

Paraplegia,

Infantile Convulsions,

5

Eclampsia,

Tetanus,

Trismus,

1

Epilepsy,.

Insanity,

Mania,

Total Nervous System,... 12.

The Circulatory System.

Heart Disease, (Undefined),. Mitral Stenois,

Incompetence,

5

:

3

∞ : :

Wantsai.

Hawan.

8 17

1

16 173

1

1

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

town.

Kennedy-

Harbour.

10

82

561 85

2

8

3 32

1

1

2

...

...

...

...

1 12

5

48

6

108

157

2

2

16

2

18

21

477

186

2

...

11

1

1 7

10

530

6

320

207 85

1

1

:::

1

4221

2

Cx

Total Circulatory System,... 5

3

:

:

1

9

2

5

The Respiratory System.

Laryngitis,

1

Bronchitis,

4

1

Asthma,

Pneumonia,

II

1

Phthisis,

22

Lung Disease, (Undefined),. Pleurisy,

...

2

2

N: ∞ ∞ ai

6

9

1

8

17

23

37

22

50

$190 co

6

2-20:

3

2

21

120

26

1

2

1

66

239

42

43

113

54

49

11

133

474

123

Total Respiratory System,... 40

The Digestive System.

Throat Disease, (Undefined),

...

Gastritis,

1

Diarrhoea,

3

3

2

Colic,

...

Cirrhosis of Liver,

1

...

Hepatitis,

1

Hepatic Abscess,

2

Jaundice,

...

Peritonitis,

Enteritis,

Colitis, (Gangrenous),

2

1

*

1

...

1

Melæna,

Abscess in Sub-peritoneal

Tissue,

Total Digestive System,... 14

Carried forward,...112

...

...

1

2

71

3

58

1

...

...

1

--- co⠀⠀

3

1

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

1

4

2

:

2

72

5

59

6

29

9

48

2

78

825 27 549 1,303 304

18

:

imai: -:

...

...

13

1

1

13

3

...

6

18

2

3 38

6

:

:.

~

3

...

72

122

...

***

...

...

...

...

118

1

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st DAY OF DECEMBER, 1892,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

267

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS.

KAULUNG SHAUKIWAN ABERDEEN STANLEY

DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

GRAND TOTAL.

N

124

64

55

33

20

33

13

4

35

99

116

104

687

386

3

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Month.

Under 1

Over 1 & under

12 Months.

Over 1 & under

5 Years.

Over 5 & under 15 Years.

Over 15 & un- der 45 Years.

Over 45

Age

Years.

Unknown.

• N

· 10

N

:

35

6

w

:

:

4

N

N

6

*

:

1,430

1

1

244

228

491

32

band

57

664

2

11

::

1

734 251 229 36

20

10

1,281

:

6

:

:::

:

2

:

:

333

:

18

:

CO

3

14

:::

+

N

::

:

:

19

6

1

222

21

11

...

33

.

cm 2:

++

1

149 1

:

260 8

4

14

7

13

221

600

227

325

1

2

2

6

26

39

536 603

1,210

:00-

::

:

10

:

264

17

:

4

60

69

22

...

237

221∞ ∞ THE

:

:

:

:

2

2

2

4

:

18

:

19

75 75

262

107

31

6 773 416 403 196

1,3391,085

4

4,216

2

55

20

26

92

118

114

268

7 118

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

town.

Kennedy-

Harbour.

RETURN SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CAUSES OF DEATHS REGISTERED

CAUSES.

BRITISH

AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

VICTORIA DISTRICT.

DIVISION.

Hawan.

...

...

48

2

78 825

27 549 1,303 304 18

Civil.

Army.

Navy.

Sokonpo.

Bowrington.

Wantsai.

29

6

:

1

1

:

...

...

...

...

1

...

1

:

:

::

...

21

:

...

:

...

3

:

::

::

:.

:

:

:

:

1

...

...

...

...

:

:

1

:

:

:

2

I

:

2

1

Brought forward,......112

Local Diseases,--Contd.

The Urinary System.

Nephritis,

Bright's Disease,

Calculus,

Diabetes,

10

6

1

Total Urinary System,... 11

The Generative System.

Amenorrhoea, Menorrhagia,

Urethra, Stricture of,...

Total Generative System,...

Affections connected with Pregnancy.

Abortion,....

Affections consequent on Parturition.

Thrombosis,

Abscess, Pelvic,

Unknown, Died within a month after delivery,

Total Affections consequent

on Parturition,

Diseases of the Organs of Locomotion.

Arthritis Suppurative,

Synovitis Suppurating,

Spine, Caries of,... Bones, Necrosis of,

Hip-joint Disease,

Disease of Bones and Joints

(Undefined),.

Total Diseases of the Organs

of Locomotion,

III-Morbid States and

Processes.

General Atrophy,

:::

...

::

:

:

1

1

2

...

...

Dropsy,

:

:

...

...

...

:::

...

...

10

...

...

...

...

:

...

:

1

1

4

5

:.

:

::

1

::

Co

3

1

4 5

1

1

...

1

:

:

...

1

:

1

...

...

...

:

:

:

:

:

LO

5

:

::

-:

Ni

2

1

1

2

1

1

:

:-

:

::

:

...

:

(Marasmus),... 1

Total Class III.......... 1

IV.-Ill-defined and

Undiagnosed.

Abscess, Ulcers,....

Gangrene, Acute Moist, .... Undiagnosed,

...

19

Total Class IV.,... 19

...

...

:

:

I.

...

169

17

85

Ai

4

186

85

4

1

...

:

3

1

...

7

2

4

19

2

49

56

t

10

2

LO

5

19

2

20:28

~O

2

0

1

36

59 48 80 1

8:

1

I

78

1

co: : :

...

3

10

3 10

5

88

846

29

808

1,440 394

21

10 133

GRAND TOTAL,. 145

30

6

DURING THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st DAY OF DECEMBER, 1892,—Continued.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

269

TOTAL AT THE DIFFERent Age Periods.

KAULUNG SHAUKIWAN ABERDEEN STANLEY DISTRICT. DISTRICT. DISTRICT.

DISTRICT.

GRAND TOTAL.

-

:

:

3

8

264

118 114

92

66

55

107

31

773

773

416

403

196

1,339

1,085

4

4,216

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Land

Population.

Boat

Population.

Under 1

Month.

Over 1 & under 12 Months.

Over 1 & under

5 Years.

Over 5 & under

15 Years.

Over 15 & un-

der 45 Years.

Over 45

Years.

Age Un-

known.

:

:

:

:

:::

:

:

:

::

6

221

5

10

:

;

:

:

:

:

4

2

:

:.

221

5

:

:

4:

:

:

:.

2

:

:..

:

:

:

4

2

:

.

:..

4

1

19

...

.:.

21

22

:

:

:

:

1

19

21

2

3

- 1 2 -N

3

co

1

2

6

:

6

13

101

17

170

Co

3

5

2

58

54

122

52

104

22

2

58

54

292

:

...

:

3235

::

I.

I..

::

:

5

10

2

2

2

::

10

:}

306. 161 121

94

59 113

37 36

4:

4:08

229

126

126

951

-

2.∞

3

6

19

1

d

2

319

N

345

4,906

12

47

40

13

ed

57

46

333

459 214 1,491 1,197 6

270

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER OF DEATHS THAT OCCURRED IN THE UNDERMENTIONED INSTITUTIONS,

During the Year ended the 31st day of December, 1892.

THE TUNG WA HOSPITAL.

THE ITALIAN CONVENT.

THE ASILE DE LA STE. Enfance.

Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

Causes.

No.

Small-pox,

24

Fever, Simple Continued,...

3

Fever, Simple Continued,

62

Tetanus var. Trismus,

186

Fever, Simple Continued,... Tetanus var. Trismus,

162.

477

Intermittent,

81

Atrophy (Marasmus),

169

Convulsions (Infantile),

38

""

Dysentery,

44

Convulsions (Infantile),

39

Diarrhoea,

69

Beri-beri.

87

Senility,

2

Paralysis,

1

Debility,

192

Epilepsy,

2

Lung Disease,

26

Infantile Convulsions,

83

Phthisis,.

18

Tetanus,

3

Dropsy,

9

773

Insanity,

11

Ulcers,

Eclampsia,

8

Worms,

1

426

Scrofula,

1

Malignant New Growth,

4

Bronchitis,

Phthisis,

...

Lung Disease,

Diarrhoea,

94

177

66

56

Unknown,-Died within a

month after delivery,

3

Dropsy,

Abscess,

Ulcers,

82

2

10

1,091

Table V.

C.-Return showing death-rates in different groups of ages for the year 1892.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

CHINESE.

AGES.

Deaths.

Per Cent. of whole.

Deaths.

Per Cent. of

whole.

Under 1 month...

.9

4.89 .

942

19.95

Over 1 and under 12 months,

13

7.06

575

12.18

Over 1 and under 5 years,

8

4.35

451

9.55

Over 5 and under 15 years,

5

2.72

209

4.43

Over 15 and under 45 years, Over 45 years,,

109

59.24

1,382

29.27

36

19.57

1,161

24.59

Unknown,

4

2.17

2

.03

TOTAL,...........

184

100.00

4,722

100.00

Victoria,

Kaulung,

Shaukiwán,

Aberdeen,

Stanley,

Table VI.

Return showing Number of Notices issued and Certificates of Successful Vaccination received under

Ordinance 5 of 1890 during the

Notices served to have

year 1892.

Children vaccinated.

Certificates of Successful Vaccination received.

Districts.

Total.

Total.

European,

Chinese.

European.

Chinese.

92

799

891

177

807

981

44

44

37

37

:..

:

...

76

76

42

42

40

40

113

113

9

9

.:.

Grand Total,...

92

968

1,060

177

*999

1,176

Table VII.

Report of the Number of Patients under treatment in the Tung Wa Hospital during the

Year ended 31st December, 1892.

Remaining in

Hospital on December

Admitted

Total under

31st, 1891.

during 1892.

Treatment.

Discharged.

Deaths.

Patients.

Private

Destitute. Paying

Patients.

Destitute.

Private Pay-

ing Patients.

Destitute.

-Private Pay-

ing Patients.

Destitute.

ing Patients.

Private Pay-

Destitute.

Private Pay-

ing Patients.

Remaining in Hospital on December 31st, 1892.

Destitute.

Male,

98

1

2,030

Female,

13

32 2,128 33

376 16 59

1,178 18

864 16

85

389

16

153

2

210

13

27

111

1

2,406 48 2,517 49

1,331 20 1,074 29

112

Total,...

112

2,454

2,566

1,351

1,103

Out-Patients, during the year, Male,

Female,

....151,158

78,313

112

Private Paying Patients.

271

Table VIII.

A.—Return of Householders' Certificates issued and Reports made to this Office of changes in tenancy, under Ordinance 13 of 1888, during the year 1892.

DISTRICTS Nos.

...

First Registration of Householders, Re-registration of Householders, Extract from Householders' Register, Removals of Householders,..... Duplicate Householders' Certificates,. Reports of Changes in Tenancy,

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

34

5

16

6

4

23

19

60

33

GND WO

262

193

95

257

71

55

2

10 N

68

18

78

79

4

1

30

9

27

12

1

5

2

2

5

...

...

1,426

1,074

264

2,089

421

332

2

33

B.-Return compiled from the Houscholders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1892,

SHOPS OPENED.--Districts Nos.

SHOPS CLOSED.-Districts Nos.

272

BUSINESS.

Total.

Total.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

9.

10.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

1

3

1

9

Bamboo-ware Dealers,....

Bakers,

J

Banks,

Barbers,.

2

Bean-curd Sellers,

Betel-nut Sellers,

Bird Sellers,

1

...

...

Bird's-nest Seller,...........................

...

...

Blacksmiths,

1

1

1

1

Block Makers,

Boat Builders,

2

:

Bookbinders,

Brick and Tile Dealers,

Broom Seller,

Building Contractors,

Butter Seller,

Cabinet Maker,..

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

1

I

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

I

6

1

2

10

1

::

::

Carried forward,.

3

21

18

9

20

9

1

I

9

1

**

1

6

...

1

4

...

1

2

4

2

12

9

6

43

9

9

2

9

2

NAN:

2

3

...

8

1

39

14

5

1

1

2

...

...

2

...

1

2

...

2

3

8

1

I

...

2

4

1

...

...

...

2

1

...

2

1

3

...

I

N

35

95

8

00

19

17

11

20

8

11

...

:

:

94

*

BUSINESS.

SHOPS CLOSED.—Districts Nos.

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1892,-Continued.

Total.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

SHOPS OPENED.-Districts Nos.

Total.

Brought forward,................

3

2

24

24

18

9

20

8

9

ลง

2

95

:

00

8

19

17

11

20

8

00

11

:

Candle Dealers,

...

1

1

Canvas Maker,.

Carpenters,

2

15

10

3

8

2

Cattle Dealers,

3

Caulkers,

1

Chandlers,

10

1

25

9

2

10

ON ::

7

1

47

...

2

13

10

3

16

7

6

3

4

...

2

3

...

...

9

1

72

2

1

23

9

1

11

10

Cigar Dealers,

2

2

5

1

:

Clothiers and Drapers,.

2

2

11

1

20

1

...

4

5

1

1

...

Coal Dealers,

2

1

1

10

21

1

6

4

...

Coffee Shop Keepers,

1

2

1

...

Coffin Makers,

1

1

1

Coke Dealers,

3

94

:

2

57

4

I

62

2

12

11

1

2

3

Confectioner,...

Coopers,

1

12

2

Cotton and Yarn Dealers,

1

7

2

Cotton-Quilt Makers,

2

5

2

Dried Duck Seller,

Druggists,

13

Dyers,

1

...

:~:

174

3

30

1

11

5

...

1

3

: :

9

2

...

1

1

7

1

3

28

Earthen-ware

and Porcelain

Dealers,

3

Eating House Keepers,

10

:

:

:

9

5

3

1

3

21

2

1

11

:6

6

1

Egg Dealer,

Feather Dealers,

Fire Arms Dealers,

...

...

Electric Motor Boat Co.,.

...

Firewood Sellers,.

Flour Dealer,

Foreign Goods Dealers,

Fruiterers,.....

Furniture Dealers,

General Goods Dealers,

Commission

1

:

4

...

3

4

2

3

3

2

...

8

12

12

1

-280

1

15

5-

1

10

I2BOT

1

...

5

I

1

7

16

42

...

3

11

...

4

28

1

4

14

2

2

...

...

1

1

2

2

1

2

3

1

11

1

...

...

32

2602

7

12

25

2

10

...

3

.3

13

...

:

7

5

24

1

HIHH 20076

co:

3

General Goods

Agents,....

Ginseng and Cinnamon Dealers,|

Glass-ware Dealers,

...

2

4

:

...

1

1

Carried forward,......

14

9 142

63 78

102

242

...

...

49

424

N:

...

2

4

1

1

1 484

3

15

115

57

60

97 32

12242

:

6

2

423

273

BUSINESS.

SHOPS CLOSED.-Districts Nos.

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1892.—Continued.

SHOPS OPENED.-Districts Nos.

Total.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

པ་

Total.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

274

Brought forward,...... 14

9

142

63

78 102

24

49

2

1

484

3

15

115

57

60

97

32

42

:

2

423

Gold Merchants,

1

1

2

2

4

...

Green Grocer,

...

::

1

Ground Nut Sellers,

Haberdashers,

...

1

...

Ham Dealers,

...

2

1

3

1

3

4

2

4

2

Hemp Bag Dealer,

...

1

Husk Powder, Dealer in

1

2

2

Incense Stick Sellers,

I

1

11

10

I

...

I

12

Iron, Copper & Lead Dealers,..

5

1

12

1

5

5

10

2

31

3

12

3

6

2

26

ON INNG

6

2

2

Ivory-ware Maker,

1

1

:

...

...

Jade Stone Sellers,

Jinrickshaw Maker,.

Lacquered Ware Dealers,

1

...

1

2

1

1

1

Lamp Seller,......

Lantern Makers,

Leather Dealer,

1

1

1

1

1

...

...

3.

2

2

...

4

:

Leathern Trunk Makers,..

...

2

I

1

1

I

1

5

1

1

:

1

10

11

6

26

:6

2

6

1

46

2

15

6

8

2

1

4

37

1∞

8

2

11

17

17:

CHONOW: G:-- Zvoni

...

2

1

2

1

16

3

2

1

9

6

9

20

3

o w::

1

2

1

1

37

2

5

1

5

9

7

83

2

6

15

1

...

10

2

9

21

:

1

Lodging House Keepers,.

Lye Sellers,

Machinist,

Marine Delicacies, Dealers in Masons,

Mat Seliers,

Mat Bag Sellers,

1

1

:

4

2

3

15

1

6

1

Matches, Dealers in

2

...

Matshed Builders,

Medicinal Herb Sellers,

2

1

2

1

...

Medicinal Wine Maker,

...

Merchants,

27

5

6

Milkmen,

1

1

Mirror Sellers,

Money Changers, ..

15

Oar Makers,

Oil Dealers,

Oil Paper Maker,'.

:20:0

3

8

9

4

2

1

ward,.......

20

15

263 96 116 142

29

60

2

1

744

6

21

226

86 100

135

34 47

Old Clothes Dealers,

Carried forward,.......

:

མཁ

3

658

BUSINESS.

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1892,—Continued.

SHOPS OPENED.-Districts Nos.

SHOPS CLOSED.-Districts Nos.

Total.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9. 10.

Total.

Brought forward,..........

20

15 263 .96 116 142

29

60

2

1

744

6

21

226

86

100

135

34 47

Opium Dross Dealers,

2

3

3

8

2

...

3

1

...

Opium Farmer,....

Opium (Prepared) Dealers,.

Painters,

: ܗ: :

1

1

1

6

3

I

1

3

19

...

1

4

1

7

1

4

1

2

1

3

Paper Box Makers,

3

Pastry Sellers,

1

4

...

Pawnbrokers,

1

2

Peppermint Oil Sellers,

2

...

Photographers,

Picture Frame Makers, Piece Goods Dealers,.

Pig Dealers,

9

2

...

...

17

1

3

Co

3 658

1

1

3

2

3

3

6-84 :** Q *

4

2

2

3

14

1

:

:

...

...

Pill Seller,

Plumbers,

2

Portrait Painters,

1

4

2

1

3

Post Office,

Poulterers,..

1

Printing Offices,

...

Rattan Ware Makers,

12

Rice Dealers,

1

2

13

Roast and Dried Meat Sellers,

Sandalwood Dealers,

1

2

2340

Sapan wood Dealers,..

3

Sauce Dealers,

1

Seroll, &c., Makers,....

A

Second-hand Goods Dealers,

...

Sharks' Fin Dealers,

Sheep Dealer,

Ship Charterers,

Shoe Makers and Dealers,

Ship Compradores,

Sign-board Makers,

Silversmiths and Engravers,

:

2

...

18

2

35

5

21

3

11

1

2

1

13

2

2

I

21431

25

44

3

2

1

38

24

6

8

1

1

2

1

3

3

1

...

1

4

4

4

9

I

3

5

8

...

1

1

...

4

1

1

...

...

4

3

...

1

4

3

3

...

:

Slipper Sellers,....

Soap Makers,

6

2

.1

1

Spectacles Dealer,

i mi vi

1

1

:

Carried forward,..

23

24 330 128 154 192

54

66

2

1

974

7

29

276

107

134

185

62

57

23

8

4

6

12

1

31

2

2

16

2

1

4

2

13

2

5

1

1

3

1

1

:..

3 860

275

BUSINESS.

B.-Return compiled from the Householders' Registers of Chinese Shops opened and closed during the Year 1892,-Continued.

SHOPS OPENED.-Districts Nos.

SHOPS CLOSED.-Districts Nos.

Total.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Total.

276

Brought forward,.......

23

24 330

128 154

192

54

66

2

974

7

29

276

107

134

185

62

57

Spirit Merchants,...

1

1

1

6

Stationers,

3

4

2

4

13

co co

3

Steam-launch Company,

1

: co

...

860

.6

6

Stone Cutters,

2

Sugar Dealer,

3.

1

...

Sweetmeat Sellers,

3

1

1

1

Syrup Maker,

I

Tailors,

11

Tea Dealers,

Tea Saloons,

Timber Merchants,

1

477

1

2

3

32

co:

3

A:

4

10

:

Tinned Fruit and Fish Manu-

factures,

Tinsmiths,

6

Tobacconists,

Umbrella Makers,

426

1341

:

1

1

4

:

:

4

1

: co co

1

I

1

1

1

8

I

15

20

1

1

2

10

1

1

21

2

1

6

1

14

1

14

7

4

2

24

7

21

~::

Varnish Dealer,

Vermilion Dealer,..

...

...

I

Walking Stick Dealers,.

1

Washermen,

Watchmakers,

2

1

:

1

6

2

14

6

3

3

1

1

1

1

11

1

4

1

2

9

5

1

I

1

1

14

3

Wax Bead Maker,

1

1

...

Wood Carvers,

2

:

...

...

TOTAL,..

24

28

223

375 161 180

229

72

122

74

2

3

1,148

9」| 31

305

131

146

218

75

1123

65

3

983

Table IX.

277

Report on the subject of securing more reliable returns of the real causes of death, and furnishing medical aid to the poorer classes of the Colony.

I have read and carefully considered the scheme of the Colonial Surgeon on which I have been asked to report.

So far as I understand the scheme it has two chief objects in view :--

1. To secure more reliable returns of the real causes of death.

2.—To furnish medical assistance and medicine to the poorer classes of the Colony.

As regards the first of these two objects, there can be no doubt that it would be highly advant- ageous to have the real causes of death certified by properly trained medical officers or practitioners. But in considering this matter, it must be remembered that the Chinese as a whole are not in favour of Western medical methods and that they would offer strong opposition to any system of improved registration of the cause of death which would necessitate anything in the nature of an invasion of the privacy of Chinese domestic life, on which they lay so much stress. If properly certified certificates of death are to be made compulsory, I do not see how interference with Chinese domestic life can be avoided. Such interference would, in my opinion, only tend to intensify the prejudice existing among the Chinese against Western methods and, so far from succeeding in accomplishing its object, would almost of a certainty defeat its own ends. The Chinese might be encouraged to procure properly certified certificates of the cause of death, but anything in the form of compulsion ought to be avoided, especially at the commencement of the attempt to introduce among them the benefits of Western medical science. At present many of the deaths occurring among the Chinese are accompanied by certificates. The attached Table (see Enclosure I,) shows the number of deaths in Victoria in 1891, and how many were accompanied by a certificate. If the deaths in the convents are included, and I think it is not unreasonable that they should be seeing that European doctors attend those institutions, this Table shows that 66% of the deaths in Victoria are accompanied by certificates. It is true that the majority of these certificates which were given by Native doctors in the Tung Wa Hospital are in many instances too general, but the Colonial Surgeon, who has the right by Ordinance to enter that Hospital at all times, might be able to suggest to the Native doctors how the certificates issued by them might be improved and made of more value for statistical purposes than they are at present.

As regards the second object which the scheme has in view, the furnishing of medical assistance and medicines to the poorer classes of Chinese residents of the Colony, I think every one will agree that that is an object which should receive every encouragement. Indeed, I think that

this Government is bound to help the Chinese in this direction, for the present medical service costs this Colony in round figures about $40,000 a year, and the Chinese who as rate-payers contribute the larger portion of that sum, derive comparatively but small benefit from that service. The expenditure involved in the scheme of the Colonial Surgeon would, I venture to think, be justified on equitable grounds alone; but however justifiable such expenditure might be, I am inclined to think that a less expensive plan than the scheme of the Colonial Surgeon should be adopted in the first instance as a tentative measure, for, as the Chinese are as a rule opposed to Western medical science, it cannot be foreseen with certainty how free Western medical attendance and drugs will be received by them. We have institutions like the Alice Memorial Hospital to guide us to a certain extent, and, judging from the attached statistics (see Enclosure II,) with which Dr. THOMSON, the Superintendent of that Hospital, has kindly furnished me, it would appear that the Chinese are gradually overcoming their disinclina- tion to seek the help of Western doctors at the Alice Memorial Hospital. Instead of adopting the complete scheme drawn up by the Colonial Surgeon, I would suggest that, as a preliminary measure, two dispensaries be established, one in Victoria and one in Kowloon where, though the population amounts to over 25,000 persons, including the boat population, there is not a single qualified medical practitioner; that the two licentiates of the Chinese College of Medicine be placed in charge: that the two dispensaries be either affiliated with the Alice Memorial Hospital and subsidised by Government, the management of that Hospital being responsible for the supervision of the work carried on, or that they be entirely under Government control, the whole expense being borne by Government: that drugs and medicines be distributed free of charge and that medical advice be given gratis at the dispensaries to applicants whose inability to pay is undoubted: that, in addition to giving medical advice, dispensing medicines, and treating patients at the dispensary, the licentiates should attend without fee all cases where their services may be required: that no fee should be charged or accepted without the permis- sion of Government and then only in cases where no doubt exists as to the ability of the patient to pay, and that the Licentiates should give certificates of death free of charge in all cases in which they can certify to the cause of death.

278

If after a year's trial it is found that the services of the Licentiates are appreciated and that they have more work to do than they can overtake, the advisability of extending the scheme and increasing the staff on the lines recommended by the Colonial Surgeon might be then considered.

Enclosure I.

Total Chinese deaths, 1891, Victoria,.

""

Certificates,.

4,075

....

1,499 or 36.78 per cent.

Without Certificates,

.2,576 or 63.21 per cent.

of which 1,251 or 30.70 per cent. were deaths in the French and Italian Convents.

Certificates from European Doctors including Government Civil Hospital

and Alice Memorial Hospital,..

Magistrates Inquiry Notes,

""

Burial Orders,

Certificates from Tung Wa Hospital,

""

""

other Chinese Doctors,

46

36

229

1,173

15

1,499

Enclosure II.

ALICE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL STATISTICS.

OUT PATIENTS.

New Cases.

IN PATIENTS.

New Cases.

1887,

1888,

1889,

....

....

7,685

533

7,090

544

6,726

569

1890,

1891,

8,356

771

.8,929

848

Table X.

Return of petitions received during the year 1892.

279

Subject.

Kerosine Oil Licences, Spirit Licences,

Number.

Pawnbrokers' Licences, Eating-house Licences, Marine Store Licences, Distillery Licences,

Grocers' Licences,

Arms Licences,

Carriage Licences,

Theatrical Permits,

Cracker Firing Permits,.

Religious Ceremonies, &c.,

Processions,.....

206

72

49

9

20

12

1

16

73

122

12

Naturalization,

Departmental,

2

19

Markets,

District Watchmen,

Chinese Recreation Ground,

Tung Wa Hospital,

5

58

23

8

Pó Léung Kuk,

Night Passes.

1

10

Sanitary,

Police and Excise,

Squatters,

""

Business

Theatres,

Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance,.

Licences under Merchant Shipping Ordinance,

Applications for charity,

,, compensation,.

Applications for medical treatment,

Disappearance of wives,

Domestic Disputes,..

Cases in Chinese Courts,

4

38

;

13

16

25

6

6

14

2

37

""

children and young girls,.

13

33

15

16

Petitions for reversal of sentence, remission or reduction of fees, &c., Unclassified,

24

16

TOTAL,...

1,005

281

21

No. 93

HONGKONG.

CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE SECRETARY OF STATE ON THE SUBJECT OF RETRENCHMENT AND THE MEMORIAL OF THE UNOFFICIAL

MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

DATED 12TH JANUARY, 1893.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 2nd June, 1893.

Governor to Secretary of State.

(Confidential.)

No. 112.

3rd June, 1893.

MY LORD,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 8th June, 1892.

Before I received Your Lordship's despatch No. 112 of 3rd ultimo, the question of the expenditure on the clerical establishment in this Colony was already engaging my attention, and on 28th ultimo, I requested by my despatch No. 189 that a decision on the classification scheme forwarded with despatch No. 88 of 15th March last might be deferred until I should have had an opportunity of re-consider- ing the suggestion made by Mr. MITCHELL-INNES and of addressing Your Lordship further on the subject.

2. As Your Lordship is aware, it will shortly have to be decided in what directions reductions may be effected in the expenditure without creating hardship or impairing the efficiency of the public service. I have come to the conclusion that the civil service is over-officered, that the cost of the Police might probably be with safety reduced, and that the clerical service is probably over-manned and certainly overpaid. Reductions in the strength of the civil service will have to await vacancies, and I am not as yet prepared to submit definite proposals for reducing the Police force; but the present is a convenient opportunity for placing the clerical branch of the service on a proper footing.

3. The enclosed minute, which the Colonial Secretary has drawn up at my request, exhibits the average of the clerical salaries in Hongkong, Singapore, Mauritius, and Ceylon; and his further minute of 6th instant, (copy enclosed), prepared by him by my desire after I had communicated to him Your Lordship's despatch No. 112 of 3rd ultimo, contains a proposed scheme of classification which shews a saving of some $31,000 per annum on the existing expenditure. Your Lordship will, I am sure, recognize the thoroughness displayed by Mr. O Brien in the compilation of these two minutes.

4. I have carefully considered the scheme submitted by him, and I concur in thinking that it makes a very liberal provision for the clerical establishment. It divides the establishment into six classes and assigns salaries ranging from $360 rising to $480 in the lowest class, to $1,800 rising to $2,400 in the highest. Taking into account the number of clerks which it is proposed to place in each class, and assuming the average salary in each class to be half the total of the maximum and minimum salaries of the class, it gives an annual average salary for all the clerks of about $823. This average exceeds that in the Singapore and Mauritius establishments by $88 and $79 a year respectively, and is a great deal more than double the average of the Ceylon establishment. The salaries provided by the scheme are also far more liberal than those given by the best private firms in Hongkong, even apart from the consideration that Government grants pensions while those firms do not.

The Right Honourable

THE MARQUESS OF RIPON,

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State

for the Colonies,

}

Sc.,

&c.,

&c.

282

5. Personally I am of opinion that an average salary of $750 would be suffi- cient, but I find it difficult to arrive at this result without disregarding what I understand to be considered as desirable by Your Lordship, viz., that periodical increments should be provided for every class, and that the lowest salary in each class should exceed the maximum salary of the class immediately below it.

6. I submit this scheme for Your Lordship's approval, though I should prefer one shewing an average salary of $750 a year instead of $823. I concur in the opinion expressed by Your Lordship that it is undesirable to create an inter- mediate class between the civil service proper and the Portuguese staff of clerks by importing Englishmen to fill certain of the clerkships; and I think that Your. Lordship will agree that for native Portuguese and Chinese the salaries proposed are, if not excessive, at all events abundantly liberal. For such clerks Hongkong is not a specially expensive place; climatic influences do not affect them in the same way as they affect Englishmen ; they are free from the expense which has to be incurred by Englishmen in remitting money to their families in England and paying for passages when they have to go on leave; and in many ways they are able to live much more cheaply, as well as more comfortably, than Englishmen occupying corresponding positions in the Colony.

7. The scheme, if sanctioned, would of course not affect vested interests: it would not be retrospective, but would be introduced gradually on the occurrence of vacancies. The question of reducing the number of clerks employed must also be a work of time it requires further consideration, and is in any case dependent on the opportunity of vacancies.

8. The scheme does not include Interpreters, Translators, and Chinese Writers. They stand on a different footing and must be dealt with separately on their merits; but I may here note that I am of opinion that some of the Interpreters are paid too much, and some, if not all, of the Chinese writers too little.

9. Pending a reply to this despatch I defer taking action on Your Lordship's despatch No. 113 of 3rd ultimo, relating to the salaries to be assigned to the 3rd and 4th clerks in the Treasury.

I have the honour to be,

My Lord,

Your Lordship's most obedient,

humble servant,

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

Minute by the Colonial Secretary to the Governor.

CLERICAL ESTABLISHMENT.

YOUR EXCELLENCY,

In despatch No. 72 of 1891 the Secretary of State suggested the framing of a scheme for the classification of clerical salaries on a uniform system and provision of periodical increments in the case of certain posts so as to obviate the necessity for giving personal allowances.

With 488 the Treasurer submitted a scheme, providing periodical increments in all cases.

It was sent to the Secretary of State with despatch No. 88 of 15th

March last.

You subsequently requested the Secretary of State to defer decision on it until he had heard from you further.

The Treasurer's scheme provides for 63 clerks, and shews a slight estimated increase of expenditure over the total of the existing salaries of the clerks in ques- tion. There are in all, excluding Interpreters, Chinese writers, &c., &c., who may

|

283

be left out of account, 85 clerks to be considered. This discrepancy appears to be an objection to the Treasurer's scheme, and another objection is the aggregate cost of the proposed establishment, and the excessive rates, in some cases, that are assigned.

On looking at our Estimates I have been astonished at the scale of clerical salaries ruling here. I have had the corresponding figures taken out for Singapore, Mauritius, and Ceylon. I shall refer to those for Singapore and Mauritius at the end of this minute; meanwhile I will deal with the comparison with Ceylon with which I am more familiar.

In Ceylon the clerical service is divided into three classes-the first drawing over Rs 600 a year, the second, Rs 600 or $266, (I take the official equivalent of Rs 24 to the dollar throughout), and the third, under Rs 600. The average salary drawn in Ceylon by the 300 clerks in the departments coming first in the Blue Book is Rs 840, or $373.

Here the average drawn by our 85 clerks is $1,189. The highest salary drawn by a clerk in Ceylon is Rs 3,000 or $1,333. Here it is $4,536. In Ceylon there are only 4 clerks drawing $1,333, here we have one drawing over $4,500, 2 more drawing over $3,300, 9 more drawing from $2,200 to $3,000 and a number drawing close on $2,000..

Meanwhile official salaries other than clerical are higher in Ceylon than here, e. g., the Colonial Secretary draws Rs 24,000 or $10,666, and is given a house rent free.

The Attorney General draws Rs 18,000 or $7,999, besides private practice which is worth about as much again. The Auditor General draws the same and allowances. The Treasurer do., do. The Assistant Colonial Secretary Rs 12,000 or $5,333. &c., &c.

In view of these and other considerations the scale of clerical salaries here appears to me to be absolutely preposterous.

We have here a clerk, to take the most signal example, who is drawing more than our Auditor, a great deal more than his official superior, the Assistant Colonial Secretary, nearly as much as the Treasurer, who is a member of the Executive Council, and more than the second class of the Ceylon Civil Service. Ceylon civil servants have to pass a very stiff competitive examination, it takes them on an average 20 years' service to reach the second class, and the salary of that class is Rs 9,600 or $4,266. Here we have a clerk drawing $4,536 I

In Singapore the average clerical salary is......$ 735 In Mauritius...

In Ceylon

In Hongkong

In the Treasurer's scheme

and he has, as I say, omitted some 22 clerks altogether.

744

373

1,189

1,239

3/6/92.

Minute by the Colonial Secretary to the Governor.

YOUR EXCELLENCY,

Since I wrote my minute of 3rd instant, I have seen the Secretary of State's despatch No. 112 of 3rd ultimo, and I now submit, in accordance with your direct- ions, the following minute upon it and in continuation of my previous minute.

As I do not wish to send it in to the Office, I am unable to have my figures checked. I hope they are correct.

In the following tables* I have entered in 6 classes all the clerks appearing in the Estimates for 1892, placing in each of the first five classes the clerks drawing as much as, or more than, the average salary proposed by the Secretary of State

*Not printed.

284

for the class, but less than that proposed by him for the next higher class; and in the sixth class I have placed all who draw less than $720, the average proposed by him for the fifth class.

The foregoing tables shew an expenditure of $101,176 on 85 clerks, or $1,190 a piece on the average; and according to classes an average of-

$3,276 for 1st class.

$2,348 2nd

>>

$1,693 3rd

27.

$1,208 4th

$ 808 5th

12

$ 475 6th

>"

"}

>>

If we distribute the 85 clerks into 6 classes according to the numbers in each of the classes just mentioned, and assign to each class the salary contemplated by the Secretary of State, taking as the average pay in each class half the total of the minimum and maximum pay thereof, we arrive at the following result:

1st class clerks 6 average $2,340 = $14,040

·---

2nd

27

3rd

25

4th

5th

6th

13

135

>>

7

11

$1,800 = $12,600

15

9

18

30

""

$1,380

*

$20,700

""

$1,020

= $9,180

3

39

$ 720

$12,960

$ 420

$12,600

$82,080

This gives an average yearly salary of about $965 for each clerk, and shews a saving of $19,010 on the present expenditure.

The Treasurer's scheme in C.S.O. 488, forwarded to the Secretary of State with despatch No. 88 of 15th March last, provides for 63 clerks. It is not quite clear what he intended the pay of the sixth class to be, but assuming it to be $48 a month, the scheme shews an average yearly salary of $1,239 for each of the 63 clerks.

It will be seen therefore that the average yearly salary as provided in the Estimates for 1892 for the clerks (85 in number) is $1,189; that according to the Secretary of State's scheme it would be $965; and that according to the Trea- surer's scheme (for 63 clerks) it would be $1,239.

In my minute of 3rd instant, I shewed that in Singapore the average clerical salary is $735, in Mauritius, the equivalent of $744, and in Ceylon, the equivalent of $373. I see no reason why in Hongkong it should greatly exceed the highest of these amounts. I entirely agree, if I may be allowed to say so, in the opinion expressed in a despatch which I have recently seen by the Secretary of State that it is undesirable to bring out men from England to fill clerkships in this Colony; and for Chinese and Portuguese clerks I consider the existing rates of pay to be, almost without an exception, altogether excessive. The rates shewn in the sub- joined table, which I submit for consideration, are in my opinion amply liberal.

Monthly pay.

1st class 6 clerks $150 to $200, average $175

2nd

7

120 to 140,

130

$1,050 $910

""

""

""

3rd

15

80 to

";

""

100,

90

""

$1,350

4th

9

60 to

70,

65

$ 585

""

5th

18

45 to

>>

3

55,

50

>"

*

6th

30

30 to

40,

>>

=

35

$ 900

$1,050

$ 5,840

12

$70,080

285

This gives an average annual salary of about $823, and shews a saving on the existing expenditure of $31,010.

It will be observed that the proposed average pay is $79 per annum in excess of that given in Mauritius, $88 in excess of that given at Singapore, and a great deal more than double that given in Ceylon. The pay of the several classes ranges from $30 rising to $40 in the lowest class, to five times those amounts, or $150 rising to $200 in the highest.

The rates compare very favourably with the salaries given by private firms in Hongkong. And it must be remembered that these firms do not grant pensions, whereas Government does.

From every point of view therefore I consider the scale which I suggest to be abundantly sufficient. Nor is either the quantity of the work demanded of our clerks, nor the quality of their work such as to justify extraordinary rates of pay.

As regards the amount of work they have to do, I am satisfied that it is in many cases not sufficient, and that the number of our clerks may presently be reduced. I am not yet in a position to submit definite proposals in this behalf; but as regards my own Office I may say that I could certainly dispense with the Chief Clerk (now on leave), and probably with another clerk in addition.

6/6/92.

Secretary of State to Governor.

HONGKONG.

No. 270.

SIR,

DOWNING STREET,

28 November, 1892.

With reference to my Predecessor's despatch No. 112 of 3rd May last, and to your despatch No. 189 of 28th May last, regarding the classification and revision of the salaries of Clerkships in the Hongkong service, I have the honour to inform you that I have had under my consideration the amended scheme of salaries, which, with the concurrence of your Executive Council, you have since submitted to me, and which may be summarised as follows:--

1st Class, including six Clerks, salary $1,800 rising to $2,400 a year ; 2nd Class, including seven Clerks, salary $1,440 rising to $1,680 a year; 3rd Class, including fifteen Clerks, salary $960 rising to $1,200 a year; 4th Class, including nine Clerks, salary $720 rising to $840 a year; 5th Class, including eighteen Clerks, salary $540 rising to $660 a year; 6th Class, including thirty Clerks, salary $360 rising to $480 a year.

2. I have no objection to the gradual introduction of this scheme, as vacancies occur, in lieu of the scheme approved in my Predecessor's despatch No. 112 of 3rd May last, if the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council concur in your view that the proposed salaries are sufficient.

3. You will remember that the salaries of these officers were recently raised 20 per cent. above the rates of pay fixed in 1875, because it was represented in the Report enclosed in your Predecessor's despatch No. 389 of 23rd December, 1889, that the cost of living in Hongkong had grown very considerably in the case of officers domiciled in the East, as well as in the case of officers appointed from England. That Report stated in effect that the cost of living generally had within ten years increased 20 per cent. for Europeans, and 10 per cent. for non-Europeans, and it was accordingly recommended that European officers should be given what was practically as estimated in dollars a rise of 35 per cent. on their 1875 rates of pay, and non-European officers a rise of 20 per cent. over the rates prevailing in 1875.

286

4. Under the scheme now proposed the salaries will be more or less restored to the 1875 rates. The inference seems to follow that, in the opinion of yourself and your Executive Council, the cost of living for non-Europeans is not materially if at all greater than it was in 1875. If so, I can only assume that the state- ments in the above mentioned Report as to the increased cost of living were exaggerated; and if there was exaggeration in the view taken as to non-Europeans, there was presumably also some exaggeration as regards the case of Europeans.

For instance, both classes of officers alike must to some extent live on imported food and use imported clothing, the price of which (according to the Report) increased "generally speaking in proportion to the fall in exchange," a statement which was hardly borne out by the statistics of prices of various articles of food, which were given in the Appendices to the Report.

5. It would therefore appear to follow that the increase of 35 per cent. granted to the higher officers in the service was unnecessarily liberal, if viewed simply in the light of the increased cost of living, even including the cost of remittances to England.

6. I request you to lay this despatch before the Legislative Council, when the revised scheme of the Clerk's salaries is submitted to that Body.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient, humble servant,

Governor

SIR W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

E

&c.,

(Confidential.)

&c.,

&c.

Governor to Secretary of State.

GOVERNMENT HOUSE,

RIPON.

HONGKONG, 13th July, 1892.

MY LORD,

*

*

9. In the circumstances which I have stated, I have naturally given my careful consideration to the question of the possibility of effecting retrenchment in the ordinary expenditure of the Colony. I do not consider that the ordinary recurrent annual expenditure on Public Works can be reduced without unduly impairing efficiency, and entailing neglect which would subsequently have to be retrieved at a large outlay; and I am of opinion that the Public Works staff which I have reported to be permanently required is not in excess of what is actually necessary. But in other directions, which I will proceed to indicate, I think that retrenchment may be effected with advantage as opportunity may offer.

10. The higher officers, or civil servants proper, are not in my opinion overpaid, regard being had to the cost and conditions of living for Englishmen, and especially to the cost of house rent in Hongkong. But I have no hesitation in saying that the civil service is over-manned, that the clerical service is largely overpaid, and that the cost of the Police is unduly high.

11. With my confidential despatch of the 8th June, I submitted a scheme of reorganization by which an ultimate saving of some $31,000 a year can be effected. It is a feature in that scheme that Englishmen should not be sent out to fill posts in the clerical service; and whatever Your Lordship's judgment may be on the scheme as a whole, I trust that this point will commend itself.

287

12. The following are the reductions which I think might be made in the cost of the civil service proper.

By the amalgamation of the post of Registrar General with that of Colonial Secretary, a saving of about $6,000. To which may be added, by the abolition of the Chief Clerkship and another Clerkship in the Colonial Secretary's Office, a saving of $3,000, apart from the saving to be effected under the general scheme of clerical reorganization.

By the amalgamation of the post of Postmaster General with that of Treasurer, a saving (allowing for an increase to the salary of the Treasurer) of some $4,000.

By the abolition of the post of Assistant Harbour Master, a saving of $3,000.

By reductions in the cost of Observatory department which is now to a great extent occupied with observations of no particular importance to the Colony, $4,000.

By reductions in the subordinate branches of the Supreme Court $3,000. By the abolition of one Magistrate, the work of the Court not being too heavy for one energetic officer, about $5,000.

By the combination of the post of Superintendent of the Gaol with that of the Assistant Superintendent of Police, a saving of about $3,500.

By the reduction of the Cadets to two, a saving of about $3,500.

Total saving about $35,000.

13. The strength of the Military force now quartered in Hongkong renders it possible to discount to a great extent the contingency of the Police having to deal with a local émeute. The present cost of the Police considerably exceeds 10 per cent. of the gross revenue, and is in my opinion unnecessarily high. The Captain Superintendent, General GORDON, has not yet been able to elaborate the details of a scheme of reduction; but he has informed me that he considers that it will be feasible without risk to effect an ultimate saving of $15,000.

14. The possible saving on the existing cost of the establishments therefore amounts to $31,000 on the clerical service, $35,000 on the civil service proper, and $15,000 on the Police-or $81,000 in all. But assuming that Your Lordship concurs in the propriety of these reductions-a point on which I shall be glad to receive an expression of Your Lordship's opinion-they obviously can be effected only as vacancies occur: they can, but very partially, be realised in the near future, and their complete fulfilment cannot be obtained before the lapse of a considerable period. They therefore afford no argument against the urgent necessity for raising a loan at the earliest possible date.

The Right Honourable

THE MARQUESS OF RIPON,

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State

for the Colonies,

F'c.,

&Co

&c.

*

*

*

I have the honour to be,

My Lord,

Your Lordship's most obedient,

humble servant,

*

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

288

HONGKONG. (Confidential.)

SIR,

Secretary of State to Governor.

DOWNING STREET,

24 October, 1892.

I have had under my consideration the suggestions made in paragraph 10 to 13 of your Confidential despatch of 13th July last, for reducing the expenditure on establishments in Hongkong, as vacancies occur and opportunities arise.

2. Of the clerical staff I will only say, pending the receipt of a reply to my predecessor's Confidential despatch of 5th August last, that I concur in your view that Englishmen should not be sent out to fill posts in this branch of the Govern- ment Service.

3. Turning to the higher appointments, I am unable, as at present advised, to approve the suggestion that the posts of Colonial Secretary and Registrar General should be combined. The Registrar General's Office should not in my opinion be merged in any other, but hold its present distinct position, as being intended for, and only concerned with, the special needs of the Chinese population. If under the present arrangement the time of the Colonial Secretary and of the Registrar General is in neither case fully occupied, it appears to me that the sub- ordinate staff of each department should be reduced, possibly by abolishing the posts of Assistant Colonial Secretary and Assistant Registrar General.

4. The posts of Treasurer and Postmaster General were separated but two years ago, after very careful consideration; and it is therefore premature to con- template anew the amalgamation of those two offices. Here again economy should rather be looked for in the direction of reducing the staff of one or both of the Departments, and of holding the Chief Officers responsible for efficient and constant control of the work of their subordinates.

5. I am prepared, although with some hesitation, to accept the view, expressed in your despatch No. 252 of 3rd August last, that the work of the Harbour De- partment can be efficiently performed by one Officer with the assistance of a Cadet, and with a view to abolishing the office of Assistant Harbour Master, I have noted Captain HASTINGS' name for transfer to employment in another Colony, should any suitable vacancy occur.

6. With reference to your proposal to reduce the cost of the Observatory, I would remind you that the staff of the Observatory was recently increased on the recommendation of, and after exhaustive enquiry by, a local Committee. I should therefore in any case be opposed to making a reduction in the establishment at the present time; moreover valuable work appears to have been done by this Office, the importance of which in the eyes of the Astronomer Royal may be gauged from the enclosed letter *, and I am not prepared to admit that this work is of a kind which is of no special value to the Colony itself.

7. You do not state in what direction you contemplate making a slight reduction in the establishment of the Supreme Court, but I am content to leave this point to your discretion.

8. The promotion of Mr. WISE offers an opportunity for trying the experi- ment of carrying on the work of the Police Court with one Magistrate alone, though I am very far from confident that the experiment will prove successful. You do not state what emoluments you propose to give to Mr. WODEHOUSE, if called upon to perform the work, which has hitherto been divided between two. Magistrates; and I assume that it will probably be found necessary to relieve him of his other duties, those namely of Coroner and Superintendent of the Fire Brigade, so as to allow him to devote his whole energies to the Magistracy. In that case it would seem fair to continue to him personally so long as he holds the Fosts of sole Magistrate, the aggregate salary now drawn by him in his three offices, leaving the question of his successor's salary to be settled hereafter on

* Not printed.

:

1

*

289

vacancy. If this course is adopted, however, the saving caused by the abolition of one Magistracy would for the present be reduced from $5,000 to $3,000 a year. The duties of Coroner might perhaps be given to the Superintendent of the Gaol, and you could doubtless select some other officer to undertake the duties of Super- intendent of the Fire Brigade. The abolition of the second Magistrate will apparently require an amendment of Ordinance 10 of 1890.

you

9. In regard to the proposed combination of the post of Superintendent of the Gaol with that of the Deputy Superintendent of Police, I have to remind that General GORDON stated, in a Report dated 16th April, which formed an enclosure to your despatch No. 148 of 27th April last, that for the efficient carry- ing out of the duties of the Hongkong Police, it was in his opinion necessary that there should be two superior officers whose whole time should be devoted to Police duties. I am disposed to concur in this opinion, and am therefore not satisfied that the duties of Deputy Superintendent of Police could be efficiently performed by the Superintendent of the Gaol. If, however, the latter officer's time is not fully occupied, he might perhaps be given some additional work, e.g., that of Coroner, as suggested above.

10. I have already stated that I do not view with much confidence the experiment of entrusting the Magisterial duties of the Colony to a single Officer, nor am I wholly satisfied that the Assistant Harbour Mastership can permanently be dispensed with, although both in the one case and in the other you have my authority to make the reduction when opportunity offers. I cannot but think that in Hongkong as in other Colonies such amalgamation will not improbably imply a present increase of pay to the surviving officer and a re-establishment of the abolished appointment in the near future.

The fact seems to be that in more than one department in the Colony there is too much work for one officer and too little work for two, inviting to some extent re-distribution of duties but forbidding any extensive abolition.

11. You are at liberty to reduce the number of Cadets to two. If that number should hereafter be found insufficient to supply the vacancies which arise whether in permanent or acting appointments, it will be easy to increase the number again.

12. As to the Police, I would refer you to the 3rd paragraph of my predecessor's Confidential despatch of the 5th August, in which stress was laid upon the necessity for great circumspection in dealing with any proposals for reducing the strength of the force. You might, however, consider whether any changes are advisable in the specially favourable Pension Regulations of the Police, all of whom (European, Indian and Chinese alike) are allowed to retire after only 15 years' service. In the Straits Settlements there is an additional proviso to the effect that a member of the Force must have attained the age of 45 before he is allowed to retire on pension (except on grounds of ill-health); and it might be desirable to introduce at any rate this provision into the Hongkong rules, so as to some extent to reduce the heavy charges for Police pensions. Any change in the Pension Rules could, of course, only be applied to men hereafter appointed to the Force.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient, humble servant,

Governor

SIR W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&c.,

&c.,

S'e.

RIPON.

290

No. 344.

Governor to Secretary of State.

GOVERNMENT HOUSE,

HONGKONG, 21st December, 1892.

MY LORD Marquess,

I have the honour to transmit for Your Lordship's consideration the enclosed protest by the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council of Hongkong against the Appropriation Bill for 1893 as passed by the Council.

2. The Memorialists contend that the Bill, as passed, was not legally passed, inasmuch as the Official Members were incompetent to vote on a question in which they had a personal interest, viz., their own salaries, that consequently the official votes are ipso facto null and void, that if they be so reckoned, as they should be, it will be found that the reductions of salaries moved in each case were legally carried by a majority of the Council, and that the Bill has really been passed subject to those reductions, and that such should have been declared to be the case.

3. The contention, if sound, would obviously necessitate an alteration in the constitution of the Colony, for otherwise it would always be in the power of the Unofficial Members of Council to bring the Government to a deadlock by refus- ing to vote any salaries until any demand they might happen to have made had been conceded. But I imagine that the argument that Official Members are disqualified from voting for their own salaries is not sound; and even if it were, it is clear that the contention that the Bill has been legally passed subject to the stated reductions of the salaries is untenable. For as Your Lordship will see from the minutes of the proceedings, of which I enclose a copy, the items for each department were separately moved and carried; and even if the vote of the Official Member concerned in each case (e.g., the vote of the Colonial Secretary in the case of the item for the Colonial Secretary's department, the Treasurer's in the case of the Treasury, and so on) be counted as null and void, every item will neverthe- less be found to have been legally carried and passed and every amendment for reduction to have been legally rejected, by a majority of the Council.

4. As to the substantive merits of the motion for the reduction of salaries, I would beg leave respectfully to refer Your Lordship to my despatch No. 336 of 5th instant, with which I had the honour to forward the Bill.

5. I have now the honour to submit that the protest which I forward contains nothing to prevent Her Majesty's gracious confirmation and assent being given to the Appropriation Bill for 1893.

I have the honour to be,

My Lord,

Your Lordship's most obedient,

humble servant,

The Right Honourable

THE MARQUESS OF RIPON,

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State

for the Colonies,

&C.

&c.,

&c.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

HONGKONG.

No. 25.

Governor

Secretary of State to Governor.

291

SIR,

DOWNING STREET,

15 February, 1893.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 344 of 21st December last, forwarding a protest by the Unofficial Members of the Legis- lative Council against the Appropriation Bill for 1893 as passed by the Council.

I request you to inform the Memorialists that the course which the Official Members of the Council pursued in voting on the question of the reduction of their salaries was correct, and in accordance with the practice of the House of Commons; and that this being so, I see no reason on that account to advise Her Majesty to disallow the Appropriation Ordinance. I have addressed you separately in regard to that Ordinance and the Estimates for the current year.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient, humble servant,

SIR W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&c.,

&C.,

&c.

Governor to Secretary of State.

RIPON.

No. 12.

Enclosure No. 1.

MY LORD MArquess,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 17th January, 1893.

With my despatch No. 344 of 21st ultimo I had the honour to forward for Your Lordship's consideration a copy of a protest made by the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council against the Appropriation Ordinance for 1893 as passed the Council, and I have now the honour at their request to forward the enclosed copy of a Memorial connected therewith addressed by them to Your Lordship.

2. The object of the Memorial is two-fold-first, to prevent the Royal Assent being given to the Appropriation Ordinance, and as a corollary to secure the im- mediate reduction of certain salaries; and secondly, to obtain the appointment of a Commission to investigate and report on the cost of the local Administration.

3. Your Lordship will already have gathered from my despatches Nos. 336 and 344 of 5th and 21st ultimo, forwarding the Appropriation Ordinance for 1893 and the protest thereagainst by the Unofficial Members, that I consider that no case has been made out either for disallowing the Ordinance, or for effecting the immediate reductions moved for in Committee on Supply in certain salaries; and I see no reason to alter the opinion which the Colonial Secretary, by my direction, expressed in opposing a motion made on the 9th May last for the appointment of a retrenchment Commission, that the appointment of such a Commission is unneces- sary and undesirable. But it will probably be convenient to Your Lordship that I should deal seriatim with the various representations and contentions contained in the Memorial, and I shall accordingly proceed to do so, referring to the numbers and letters which, for the sake of easy reference, I have prefixed to its several para- graphs and sub-paragraphs.

292

4. Paragraphs 1 and 2 with its sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) set out certain circumstances connected with the passing of the Appropriation Ordinance, and pray that the Royal Assent may be withheld from the Ordinance. I have no remarks to offer on them.

5. Paragraph 3 contends that the votes of the Official Members were illegal and void inasmuch as those members were incompetent to vote by reason of the direct and personal pecuniary interest which they had in the rejection of the amendments for the reduction of salaries, and that consequently those amendments should have been declared to have been carried. On this point I would solicit reference to my despatch No. 344 of 21st ultimo (copy annexed) from which Your Lordship will see that even if the contention that under the constitution of this Colony Official Members of Council are disqualified from voting for their own salaries, (which I doubt) the conclusion that the Appropriation Ordinance as passed was not legally passed does not follow from the premises. For each item in the Bill was separately moved, and each amendment thereto likewise; and if the vote of the Official con- cerned in each case be counted as null and void, that of the Colonial Secretary, for example, in the case of the item of the Colonial Secretary's establishment, that of the Treasurer in the case of the Treasury, and so on, it will be seen that none the less every motion for the several items as moved by the Colonial Secretary was legally carried, and every amendment for reduction legally negatived, by a majority of the Council.

(C

6. Paragraph 4 with its sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) purports to submit a short history of the increased salaries question," and by way of so doing it relates some utterances by Sir W. DES VEUX regarding the condition and prospects of the Colony, recapitulates certain circumstances connected with the increase of the Military Contribution, asserts that Lord KNUTSFORD "directed the payment for 1891 of the increased rates of salary on the allegations that house rent for Europeans had increased from 100 to 150 per cent., and for Chinese 100 per cent.," and states that the Officials had notice that the increases of salaries were subject to future revision. The last point will be more conveniently dealt with in connection with the succeeding paragraph (5) of the Memorial. As regards the other points I would observe (1) that Sir W. DES Vaux's utterances have no bearing on the question unless the revenue has fallen away since they were made, which fortunately is precisely the reverse of the actual fact; (2) that the decision of Her Majesty's Government to increase the Military Contribution of Hongkong did somewhat illogically produce the demand made in 1891 by the Unofficial Members for the cancellation of the recently granted increases of salaries, and is also largely answer- able for the similar motions for reduction in Committee on 1893 Supply; and (3). that the allegation that the Secretary of State directed the payment of the increases of salaries in 1891 on the ground mentioned, is a mis-statement.

7. Paragraph 5 contends that the civil servants have no vested interest in the increases, and that the Unofficial Members have done right in moving the reduction thereof. The civil servants have, in my opinion, the same right, no more but no less, to expect a continuance of the payment of their present rates of salary while the Colony is able to pay them and the circumstances under which they were fixed have not materially altered, as civil servants elsewhere have to expect the payment of the salaries that have been assigned to them. I have never questioned the right of the Unofficial Members to move reductions of salaries; what I do question and most emphatically deny is that they have made out a fair case in support of their motion. My view on this head is clearly stated in the subjoined extract from the Colonial Secretary's speech in Committee on Supply.

"The side of the Unofficials is that the financial condition of the Colony requires that the salaries should be reduced, and they contend that they have a right to move such reduction. In support of their contention they quote the dictum of a previous Governor-it is quite unnecessary, their right being inherent and not requiring any such support. Your Excellency's predecessor pointed out that, as there was no longer a fixed Establishment Ordinance in the Colony, the Unofficial Members would annually have an opportunity of moving the reduction of salaries whenever they thought that such reduction was called for by circumstances. That opportunity has now come round, and they have availed themselves of it. They have a perfect right to do so--nay more, it is their bounden duty to do so if circumstances demand it; the only question for them to consider is whether circumstances do demand it. As to that, let us examine a little."

293

8. Paragraph 6 asks the question whether "there is any justification now for the present endeavour to reduce the increased salaries to the 1890 level," and its sub-sections (a) to (k) contain the reasons which apparently have induced the Memorialists to answer the question in the affirmative. I proceed to notice each sub-paragraph separately.

Sub-paragraph (a) recurs to certain before mentioned utterances by Sir W. DES VEUX. They are relevant only if the revenue has declined: the revenue has steadily increased.

Sub-paragraph-(b) "Land has not improved in value; it is lower now than it has been for a number of years; and land sales have fallen off."-There is un- questionably no longer the rush for land that there was in the heyday of the gambling mania in Hongkong, land does not now change hands at the inflated prices which it then often commanded, and owing to the losses sustained by not a few of the non-Chinese residents through gambling in many descriptions of shares the present would undoubtedly be an inopportune time for the Government to attempt to realise its assets by disposing of land on a large scale. But land re- quired for bonâ fide business purposes commands a fair price-we obtained only the other day a sum of $67,000 for a lot of waste land only 19,200 square feet in extent and land sales have realised in 1892 $121,828 as against $51,761 in 1891 and $16,338 in 1890.

Sub-paragraph (c) asserts that the general trade of the Colony is in an un- satisfactory condition, and that several of the oldest established mercantile houses have collapsed, and it draws especial attention to the fact that the oldest exchange bank in the East, by which I presume is meant the late New Oriental Bank Cor- poration which succeeded the old Oriental Bank Corporation, has fallen, and that another banking institution (the Chartered Mercantile Bank) has collapsed.

The real condition of affairs and the causes of the losses sustained by some of the non-Chinese mercantile houses are very fairly stated in the following letter which has recently been published in the China Mail:-

THE MARINE LOT-HOLDERS' MEMORIAL.

To the Editor of the

"CHINA MAIL."

January 14.

SIR,-Will you allow me, as an old resident and property-owner in this Colony, to enter my strongest protest against the deliberate and gross misrepresent- ations as to the position of the Colony made in the above memorial. Surely, the very limited number of persons interested in the Praya Reclamation are not justified in representing their interests as being of public importance; nor are they justified while seeking relief by trying to force Government into making a loan for their special benefit. To class themselves as all merchants and traders is, to say the least, wide of the truth. The attempt to say that the present widespread ruin in the Colony is due to the depressed condition of trade is utterly untrue and misleading. The honourable member who alluded to this memorial in Council knows better than anyone else that the true cause of the present wrecked condition of the Colony is attributable almost solely to the deplorable gambling mania that was created in the floating of the Land Investment Company, the Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company, the Borneo Companies, the Charbonnages du Tonquin, &c., &c.

I contend that the commercial prospects of this Colony are thoroughly sound and that the future of Hongkong will be far brighter than the past, if only the recent lessons are remembered. Fortunes made in legitimate business have been sacrificed to the calamitous gambling mania that was so unscrupulously led by a gang of men who had little to lose so far as their own reputation was concerned, but who could, and did look on and see hundreds ruined with complacency.

Hongkong can and will right itself without resorting to such means as the memorialists demand. Judging from the past I am firmly convinced that there are other motives behind the memorial that will develop themselves if the money is found by the Colony.

The soundest criterion of the condition of the Colony is the position of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, and both are reported to be able to employ their whole funds in sound and legitimate trade advances. Trade, instead of being monopolised by a few large firms as formerly, is now divided between a numerous body of merchants.-Yours,

A.B.C.

294

A dispassionate view of the actual position may also be gathered from the appended extract from the editorial of 2nd ultimo in the other leading local paper, The Hongkong Daily Press:-

(6

'No self-respecting Government or legislature can afford to play fast and loose with the salaries of public servants, and when an increase is granted it is not expected to be taken away a year afterwards. The statement made at the time the general increase was granted in Hongkong, that the salaries would be liable to reconsideration in subsequent years, was not equivalent to a promise on the part of the Government that they should be reduced. If the state of the Colony became so bad that there was no money to pay the salaries with, the Civil Servants would have to go without them altogether, but happily we have not arrived at that point yet, nor even at a point where a reduction in the salaries is absolutely necessary. Nevertheless the Colony's state is such that every opportunity ought to be taken, as vacancies occur, of reducing the number of officers, and, when a supernumerary is transferred from one department to fill a substantive appointment in another, to reduce the salary if the office is one of those which appear to be overpaid.”

"The necessity for retrenchment does not arise from any falling off in the general trade and prosperity of the Colony, but from the fact that the community has seen a considerable portion of its accumulated savings swept away and is now appreciably poorer than it was a few years ago. Hence the pressure of taxation is more severely felt and is borne with greater impatience, an impatience that is increased by the knowledge that the Colony has to support an army of Civil Servants far in excess of its requirements. The Colonial Secretary says that 'while individuals in the Colony have in recent years lost heavily by gambling 'the condition of the community at large is sound and progressive." But the individuals who have lost heavily by gambling are a pretty numerous class, and there is a still more numerous class of bonâ fide investors who have seen their property largely depreciated in value and who if they are compelled by circum- stances to realise can only do so at a heavy loss. All this means curtailment of private expenditure, a smaller custom for the stores, and the depression which any community experiences when the practice of small economies is forced upon it by inexorable necessity. But our difficulties are of a temporary nature and are already, we hope, beginning to disappear. As to trade generally, there is no doubt it is expanding and is bound to go on expanding. Of course no one looks for very large profits in these days of uncertain exchange, small commissions, and keen competition. But in judging whether a community is advancing or receding in prosperity the only reliable test is the increase or decrease in the volume of its trade. In Hongkong we have no statistics available to give us the value of the trade from time to time, but information is obtainable which gives a general idea of whether it is increasing or declining. There are the shipping returns, for instance. These show an increase. But, we are told by the pessimists, the ship- ping returns prove nothing, that it is all a delusion about shipping being the life blood of the Colony, that ships only come here because it is cheaper to run them at a loss than to lay them up, that they bring only part cargoes and that the bulk of these they take on with them to Shanghai or Japan, leaving only an infinitesimal quantity here. With no figures to show what the ships actually do bring those who desire to represent the trade of the Colony as falling off have a free hand when they indulge in talk of this kind. But when we look at the returns of the Chinese Customs we are on rather more certain ground. Mr. McLEAVY BROWN'S report on the trade passing the Kowloon Customs stations last year showed that at all events the portion of the Colony's trade coming under the notice of the Foreign Inspectorate had increased, and the last quarterly returns tell the same tale. The number of junks passing the stations inwards last quarter was 6,451 as against 6,291 in the same quarter of 1891 and 6,240 in 1890, and there has been a corresponding increase in the number outwards. These figures show that there has been not even a temporary falling off in the general trade of the Colony, while as to the future, the magnificent geographical position of the place not only renders any permanent decline practically impossible but ensures a steady growth. We do not know if financiers at home are likely to be much affected by the speeches of the Unofficial Members on Wednesday, but if they choose to use their own judg- ment and intelligence they will readily see that the stock of the proposed loan will form a first rate investment. The various companies in which several of the Unofficial Members are interested as directors would be glad to take it all up as an investment for their reserve funds if the loan were floated locally in silver."

295

There is also, I submit, much force in the following observations made by the Colonial Secretary in speaking to Supply in Committee.

"We have here no statistics of exports and imports and it is therefore impossible actually to prove the volume of our trade by the irrefragable evidence of incontestible figures. In default of such we must have recourse to inferential indications. These are not wanting. One of them is the amount of shipping frequenting the port. It must be presumed that ships do not come here for nothing. In 1890 the shipping of the port exceeded that of any previous year; it was, however, surpassed by that of the following year, and the present year bids fair to eclipse the record of 1891. Another indication is the amount of bank notes in local circulation. So far from this amount falling off, the returns show that it has largely increased. In November, 1882, it amounted to $4,757,055; in November, 1890, to $5,565,538; in November, 1891, to $5,702,198; at date it is $5,999,712. Then again, to take an article which has come rather prominently before the public lately, petroleum. My Office has been recently besieged with applications for temporary licences, the usual accommodation being quite insufficient for the supply. I am aware that there was an exceptional glut in the island owing to some alteration of the lekin in China, but the figures with which I was made acquainted in connection with recent applications for temporary licences show that the trade is simply enormous. In addition to this my honourable friend on my right, the senior Unofficial Member, has applied for leave to erect extensive premises in Kennedy-town to be permanently licensed for the storage of petroleum.

And as if this were not enough, Messrs. ARNHOLD, KARBERG & Co. are erecting tanks for storing importations in bulk on a scale sufficient to supply a large portion of Southern China. This is but one item; if we knew as much about others we should perhaps gain a clue to the explanation of the extraordinary increase in the shipping of the port. To take another item: a correspondence which I have recently had with those concerned in connection with the amount of water they require from Government for their business shows that the out-put of sugar is on a vast scale. As to the coal trade of the port and the immensely important and extraordinarily favourable prospects that await Charbonnages in the immediate future, my honourable friend on my right has himself given me some very interesting information, but as it was given in the course of conversation, I do not feel at liberty to repeat it. I should only weary the Council if I were to dilate further on this branch of the subject, but before leaving it I would like to draw attention to a very significant circumstance, and that is that the Manager of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank recently stated in public that in the month in which he was speaking the Bank had received more applications for bank shares than had been received in any single previous month during the whole period of his connection with the Bank. What inference are we to draw from these circum- stances? That there is a general depletion and stagnation of legitimate business ? Trade is usually considered a good thing to have and it would seem that we have it in abundance; shipping has often been termed-especially by the honourable member who represents the Chamber of Commerce-as the "life-blood of the Colony"-if so the Colony is not in any present danger from anæmia; and the circumstance mentioned by the Manager of our principal bank points to no lack of general confidence. The inference that I draw is that while individuals have in recent years lost heavily by gambling, the condition of the community at large is sound and progressive. Turning now to indications from revenue, what do we find? In 1882 the revenue was $1,227,847; for the five years ending with 1886 it averaged $1,291,407, and for the following five years ending with 1891 it averaged $1,863,229. In 1889 the revenue largely exceeded that of any previous year; for 1890 the revenue exceeded that of 1889 by $33,584; the revenue for 1891 exceeded that for 1890 by $13,443; and it can be already said with certainty that the revenue for the current year will exceed that of 1891. So far, that is up to the moment at which I am speaking, I can find no evidence of a shrinking, dwindling revenue; on the contrary, what I find is a continuously expanding revenue. It would unduly tax the indulgence of the Council if I were to proceed to analyse the component details of the revenue. I have done so for my own satisfaction and the result has served to confirm the impression that the annually increasing revenue connotes a steady increase of the prosperity of the community taken as a whole. The year 1891 has been described as a year of terrible depres- sion; so far as the revenue returns afford a criterion, the fact would appear to be that during that year, as also in 1890 and 1889, in spite of some persons in the Colony having lost a lamentable amount of money through speculation, the Colony as a whole progressed. The revenue exclusive of land sales for 1889, 1890, and

296

1891 averaged $1,930,769; for 1891, it was $1,973,540; for 1888 it was only $1,557,300, and in 1887 it was $1,427,485. As already stated the average revenue, including land sales, for the five years ending with 1886, was $1,291,407. As compared with this the revenue, excluding land sales, for 1891-which we are told was a year of terrible depression-was $1,973,540, which shows an increase over the average revenue for 1882-86, including land sales, of more than 50 per cent. So much for the past and present.

""

And lastly, in reference to this branch of the question I would solicit Your Lordship's especial attention to the very significant returns, quoted by the Colonial Secretary in speaking to the Loan Bill, under the revenue heading of "Assessed Rates and Taxes."

"In speaking to Supply in Committee I showed that the Colony, taken as a whole, had progressed and was bound to continue to progress and I grounded my statement largely but not exclusively on the revenue returns. It was then neces- sary only to state the broad results that the revenue had more than sufficed to meet the ordinary expenditure and that it had continuously increased, and although it is impossible within the limits of a speech to set out all the component details it may be well for me now to supplement my statement by drawing attention to some of the more important items. Postage receipts are generally recognised as affording some criterion of the condition of the community. They have increased in Hongkong during the ten years from 1882 to 1891 from $100,793 in 1882 to $142,770 in 1891, showing an increase of about 40 per cent., and that in spite of large reductions in the postal rates during that period. The item Markets,' again, furnishes some test as regards a large section of the community. It has increased from $57,950 in 1882 to $83,592 in 1890 and $96,354 in 1891, showing an increase in the last over the first year of over 66 per cent."

"Honourable T. H. WHITEHEAD-Indirect taxation, for we pay more for what we get from the market."

"The COLONIAL SECRETARY-It is in any case a fair indication of the condition of a large section of the community. To take another item. Rent of leased lands shows an increase of 28 per cent., the figures being $140,467 for 1882 and for 1891 $180,158. But which, sir, of all the items that compose our revenue supplies the most trustworthy answer to the question whether the Colony as a whole is progressing or not? Unquestionably the item of assessed rates and taxes. And what, sir, does that item show? It shows an increase in 1891 over 1882 of more than 80 per cent., the figures being for 1882 $252,937, for 1886 $306,131, for 1889 $374,857, for 1890 $414,392, and for 1891 $464,242. These, sir, are very eloquent figures. They speak for themselves and require no comment. Rates were increased on July 1st, 1885, from 12 per cent. per annum to 13 per cent. in Victoria. The increases in the other divisions, of the Peak District and the villages, are not worth considering as more than five-sixths in value of the whole rateable property in the Colony lies within the limits of Victoria. It would be interesting to know how many towns there are in the British Empire in which, with so trifling an addition to the rates as one-twelfth the revenue derived from the assessment of rateable property has in the ten years increased by over 80 per cent."

The references to the failure of the New Oriental Bank Corporation and the collapse of the Chartered Mercantile Bank are quite irrelevant unless it be intended to imply that these are attributable, to some material extent at all events, to losses incurred in Hongkong by those institutions. In view of the fact that the circumstances which led to the downfall of the New Oriental Bank Corporation and those which have necessitated the reconstruction of the Chartered Mercantile Bank are very generally known, it is astonishing that a banker-(one of the signatories of the Me- morial, Mr. WHITEHEAD, is the Manager of a local Bank)-should have referred to the cases of the two banks in question as affording an argument in favour of the reduction of certain official salaries in Hongkong. The principal and incomparably the most important bank in Hongkong is the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank. Its accounts for the last half-year have not yet been published, but I have unimpeach- able authority for stating that its transactions for that half-year have been the most satisfactory and profitable that it has had for many years past. The Chinese banks in the Colony also find no difficulty in employing their funds to advantage.

In sub-paragraph (d) the Memorialists quote certain figures from the returns of the revenue of the Chinese Imperial Customs, and they argue therefrom a de- crease in the trade of China, and inferentially, it may be presumed, a decrease in

Enclosure No. 2.

297

the trade of Hongkong. I regret that I have not had time, being anxious to des- patch the Memorial by the out-going mail, to thoroughly analyse the items which make up the totals quoted; but I have analysed them sufficiently to satisfy myself that the argument advanced is very misleading. The Memorialists state that "the Chinese Customs revenue may safely be regarded as an index to the variations in trade." This is entirely erroneous. To take for example one very important item -petroleum-the Chinese Customs revenue from this article has largely diminished at some ports in 1892, but so far from the importations having diminished they have enormously increased. The explanation is that the "Battery" tax was re- duced from 40 cents a case in 1891 to ten cents a case in 1892, thereby diminishing the revenue from this source, supposing importations to have remained unchanged, by three fourths. The falling off in the Kowloon revenue does not therefore necessarily imply a corresponding decrease in importations; as a matter of fact 7,700,000 gallons paid duty at Kowloon in 1892 as against 4,600,000 gallons in

1891.

A considerable portion, again, of the falling off in the Chinese revenue derived from Opium is attributable to increased smuggling (not necessarily from Hong- kong) into various parts of China, and the accidental circumstance of a good harvest accounts for a large loss of revenue by way of duty on imported grain. The above considerations may suffice to shew the inaccuracy of the statement that "the Chinese Customs revenue may safely be regarded as an index to the variations in " (China's) "trade; and it is almost superfluous to add that even if it might be so regarded, it would for obvious reasons by no means follow that it might be regarded as an index to the variations of the trade of Hongkong.

I may take this opportunity to invite attention to the enclosed letter published in the China Mail of 31st ultimo shewing the great development of the yarn trade in Hongkong, and I may add that I learn from reliable sources that there has been a considerable development in other branches of commerce also.

In sub-paragraphs (e) and (ƒ) an attempt is made to minimise the benefit which the Colony derives from the Shipping frequenting its port. It can hardly be necessary for me to insist on the self-evident fact that the Colony must benefit and does benefit by its shipping. The amount received by way of light dues supplies no adequate measure of that benefit, but as a matter of fact they have in 1892 brought in the sum of $92,309, or nearly $3,000 more than in 1891.

Sub-paragraph (g) points out that the revenue derived from Opium has dimi- nished. This is so, but the variations in the amount realised by the Opium Farm depend on a number of considerations which do not, as regards many of them, by any means connote a correlative condition of prosperity or the reverse amongst the community at large, or even amongst the Chinese portion of it. What it is im- portant to notice on this head, (and the Memorialists have failed to notice it) is that in spite of a falling off in the Opium revenue, the total of our general revenue has steadily increased-a matter for unmixed satisfaction.

In sub-paragraph (h) the falling off in the revenue derived from the profit on the sale of Subsidiary Coins is mentioned. The remarks on the preceding sub- paragraph are equally applicable here, and I may add that the demand for our subsidiary coins has recently revived in a remarkable degree, and that the profit realised in 1892 amounts to about $45,000.

Sub-paragraph (i) comments on the alleged want of elasticity and productivity in the revenue. As already repeatedly stated, the revenue has continuously in- creased, and the revenue for 1892 considerably exceeds that of any previous year. The fact that it no longer exhibits the previous large surpluses over ordinary expenditure is due to a variety of causes which the Memorialists are careful to omit to mention. These causes are the increase of the Military Contribution, the fall in the value of silver which has necessarily increased the expenditure in several directions, and the growing needs of a growing community. The increases of salaries granted in 1891, which is all that I am at present specially concerned with, forms but an infinitesimal fraction of the total increase of expenditure. As regards the Estimates for 1893, it should further be noted that provision is therein made for the new item of the charges on the proposed loan. It should also be borne in mind that there is every probability that the financial results of 1893 will be more favourable than those appearing in the Estimates, as for the reasons stated in the following extract from the Colonial Secretary's speech in Committee on Supply the revenue for 1893 has been estimated with extreme caution :-

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"As regards the coming year I should state in the first instance that the revenue, which has been put at $1,906,396, has been estimated with great caution in view of the fact that the Colony was about to contract a loan. It was obviously my duty in the face of that fact to be very careful that my estimate of revenue should be moderate, cautious, and practically certain of realisation. I have every con- fidence that it will be realised, and I shall be disappointed if it is not exceeded. But moderate as it is, that estimate of revenue shows a surplus over thees timated ordinary expenditure. And this estimate of ordinary expenditure, be it observed, is far larger than that of any previous year. As I stated in moving the first read- ing of the Bill, it provides for loss on exchange a sum of $77,651 in excess of the provision made in the Supply Bill for 1892. It also includes an entirely new item of $40,000 to meet charges in 1893 in connection with the proposed loan, a larger provision for pension by $5,400, and a more liberal provision for Hospital expenses by $7,623,-and yet the estimate of revenue, as compared with this unusually large estimate of ordinary expenditure, shews a surplus which there is every reason to hope may be more than realised. Really, sir, I can see here no ground for alarm and foreboding: rather I see reason for congratulation and satisfaction."

Sub-paragraph (j) mentions the increase in the ordinary expenditure. I have dealt with that subject in the preceding sub-paragraph, and I have only to add my concurrence in the views expressed by the Colonial Secretary in the appended passage from his speech on the Loan Bill.

"Attention has more than once lately been drawn by Unofficial Members to the fact that the ordinary expenditure has increased in recent years and it was argued the other day in Finance Committee by the honourable member, Mr. BELILIOS, who has indeed followed the same line of argument to-day, that if a certain reduction were effected in that expenditure it would not be necessary to raise the loan. Well, sir, the complaint of increasing expenditure is one with which Chancellors of Exchequer in growing communities are unfortunately only too generally familiar. The expenditure of growing communities has an awkward knack of increasing, and in most countries so circumstanced it is generally considered to be matter for congratulation if the revenue also simultaneously increases and it is found possible to confine the former within the latter. We, Sir, are in that fortunate position. In spite of a very severe and protracted fall in the value of silver which has necessarily increased our expenditure in various directions, the revenue for the last two years has more than sufficed to meet the ordinary expenditure, and I have no manner of doubt that it will similarly suffice during the current year also. It will not suffice to cover the cost of public works extraordinary in addition, it has not done so in the past, such cost having been largely defrayed from balances arising from the special fund derived from sources of income which are no longer available and from our previous loan; and it will not do so in the future. Nor is there any reason to regret that it is not practicable to cast the whole cost of great public works, which will endure for generations and largely benefit posterity, on current revenue, that is to say, on the existing body of taxpayers. I will go further and say that even if practicable it would still be wrong to do so. If the revenue sufficed to cover the cost of the public works extraordinary in addition to the ordinary expenditure the proper course would be to readjust the revenue so as to cover only the latter and provide a reserve fund for emergencies, such as extensive damages by typhoons and floods, and when that had been secured, and provision made for the public works extraordinary by a loan, to reduce taxation to whatever extent it might then be found practicable to reduce it. To expect or require the current revenue to cover the cost of relatively vast public works extraordinary in addition to the ordinary expenditure would be as mistaken in principle and policy as it is erroneous in fact to represent the revenue as inadequate for the ordinary expenditure. That the ordinary expenditure admits of reduction has already been stated by Your Excellency, and you have indicated the directions in which you consider that it may properly be reduced; but that any feasible reduction would suffice to provide the requisite funds for the public works ex- traordinary during the next 3 or 5 years as suggested by the honourable member opposite, is a wholly chimerical imagination. And even if it were otherwise, that would afford no valid argument against raising the loan, though it might furnish an argument in favour of reducing taxation when the loan had been raised."

Sub-paragraph (k) refers to the fall in house rents. The Senior Unofficial Member in a proposal which he very recently made to the Government (and in which he was entirely supported by another Unofficial Member, Mr. WHITEHEAD)

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that it should borrow the amount required to complete the Praya Reclamation and advance it to the Marine Lot Owners on their undertaking to repay their advances within twelve months of the completion of their respective sections, stated inter alia that the fall in the rents of houses was purely temporary and would soon rectify itself. But even, as it is, rents in Hongkong are in many cases extremely high. The Colonial Secretary informs me that he pays for a six-roomed house (dining-room, sitting-room and four bed-rooms) more than four times what he paid for a very commodious house in Colombo; and the rent demanded for this year for my residence at the Peak, a very insufficient and unsuitable house, is $2,400.

The statement that "the annual valuations have hardly yet been altered" is perfectly true for the very sufficient reason that the value of house property has not generally depreciated as the Memorialists wish it to be believed. ́A ́valuation is made every year, and every house-holder has an appeal against the valuation. The mis-statement that "it was solely on the ground of the great increase in house rents in the Colony that Lord KNUTSFORD sanctioned the increased salaries,' is of a character on which I prefer not to comment.

>>

9. Paragraph 7 quotes a passage from my address to the Council on opening the Session, and adds that I recognised the need for retrenchment in every direc tion. I have only to observe that I did not recognise the need for retrenchment in

every direction.

10. Paragraphs 8 and 9 profess to detail my views as to the directions in which economies may properly be effected and repeat the demand for the immediate reduction of certain salaries. The latter point I have already dealt with, and I need not go over the same ground again. As to the former, the paragraphs are misleading in so far as they seem to imply that I am of opinion that the civil service proper is generally overpaid. I have never expressed that opinion, and I do not hold it. On the contrary I am unable to see any sufficient reason for pay- ing the Members of the Executive Council, for example, in Hongkong, where the cost of living is much higher than at Singapore or Colombo, lower rates of salary than those drawn by the corresponding Members of Council in the Straits Settle- ments and Ceylon. The only apparent exception is the Attorney-General, and it must be remembered that he is debarred from private practice in Hongkong. I may further state that it strikes me as anomalous, to say the least of it, that while steps are being taken in those Colonies to compensate the civil servants for their loss by the further depreciation of silver, the opportunity should be seized in Hong- kong to move the reduction of official salaries, and the fall in silver urged as a reason for such reduction!

11. Paragraph 10 states that I have admitted in my address that the financial position is not entirely satisfactory and that the necessity for economy and retrench- ment is imperative. I am of opinion that in the absence of a loan for the public works extraordinary the financial position is not satisfactory, that a loan for that purpose is absolutely and iminediately necessary, and that when the loan has been raised the position will be satisfactory. I may add that the revenue prospects have materially improved in several directions since I prepared my address to the Council. I have already stated to Your Lordship what economies I consider may be judiciously effected in the ordinary expenditure.

12. Paragraph 11 is not a little curious and difficult to understand. It states that the Unofficial Members are the guardians of the public purse, and that it was in vindication of their rights and powers as such, as well as for the protection of the interests of the Colony that they were compelled, on account of the treatment they had received "on many financial questions," to move the immediate reduc- tion of certain salaries. This is not the first occasion on which it has been con- tended that the Unofficial Members not only have in common with their Official colleagues, as Members of the Legislative Council, a responsibility in regard to the expenditure of public funds, but that they are in some special and peculiar sense the guardians of the public purse in contra-distinction to, or even, as it would seem, to the exclusion of the Official Members. The resolution moved by Mr. WHITE- HEAD on the 7th December, 1891, stated that the Unofficial Members are lawfully constituted guardians of the public purse," and it based on this assump- tion a request for the appointment of a Retrenchment Committee "composed of Members exclusive of Government officials.' The assumption that the Unofficial Members do not merely share a responsibility which devolves on the whole Council, but have an especial responsibility which is not equally borne by the Official Mem- bers, involves a strange misconception which I am quite unable to account for.

"}

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The only distinction that I am aware of in this respect between Official and Un- official Members of Council is in the nature of a limitation of the rights of the latter, and precludes the Official Members from proposing any increase of expend- iture without the previous authorisation of the Governor. Starting, however, from this misconception, the Memorialists state that they were compelled to move the reduction of certain official salaries "in vindication of their own rights and powers," as well as for the protection of the interests of the Colony. The admis- sion that they were actuated by some other motive besides the very sufficient one of a regard for the interests of the Colony renders it highly probable that the other motive which they have admitted was the real and effective cause of their motion. They felt, as they say, that they must "vindicate their own rights and powers,' " and they were "compelled to take this step" by reason not only of "their position in the Council," but also of "their treatment on many financial questions." In other words, they moved the reduction of salaries not so much because such reduction was, in their opinion, right and necessary, as because the motion appeared to them a convenient method of asserting their "position," vin- dicating "their own rights and powers," and protesting against the treatment which they had previously met with "on many financial questions." The treatment to which they refer consists, as explained in the rest of the paragraph, of their being used when required, and disregarded when not required, of their being "too often ignored," and "given to understand that their votes and opinions are value- less." I have had the honour of administering several Governments, and I think I may safely claim to be free from any tendency to ignore Unofficial Members of Council or to regard their votes and opinions as valueless. At the same time it must sometimes happen that my duty prevents me from accepting the opinions of the Unofficial Members, and this was the case in regard to the motion for the reduction of salaries. I carefully examined the financial position and prospects of the Colony, and I arrived at the conclusion that the circumstances neither required nor justified the motion made by the Unofficial Members in Finance Committee, and I accordingly directed the Colonial Secretary to oppose the motion if it were brought forward in Council. I had the less hesitation in doing so because the representation of the financial position, on which the motion for reduction was based, was completely at variance with other representations that had only a short time. before been made to me in another connection by the Senior Unofficial Member and endorsed by his colleague, Mr. WHITEHEAD. Your Lordship will most con- veniently be placed in possession of the circumstances to which I allude by a peru- sal of the annexed passage from the speech of the Colonial Secretary on the second reading of the Loan Bill.

The

"The senior Unofficial Member, though not very decided in his opposition to the Bill, for he does not counsel abandonment of the proposal but merely postpone- ment, has given expression to some doubts as to the prudence of borrowing now, and has also given vent to some forebodings as to the present unprosperous state of affairs. It is a disappointment, sir, to find that the honourable member has not seen fit to give the second reading of the Bill his cordial support, for from what- ever other quarter opposition might come it might fairly have been expected that he at least would have heartily supported the Government in this matter. prospects of the Praya Reclamation are involved in the Bill, and so keenly did he realise very recently the vital importance to the Colony of speedily completing that great work, which he has done more than any other man to effectuate, that only last spring he officially proposed to the Government that it should borrow the amount required to complete the work and advance it to the marine lotholders on their undertaking to repay the advances within twelve months of the completion of their respective sections."

"Honourable C. P. CHATER-In Hongkong in silver."

"The COLONIAL SECRETARY-And he is now in favour of borrowing in gold, but I fail to see how that affects the point. He had then, sir, no doubts as to the prudence of Government immediately borrowing: in fact he reversed Polonius's advice, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be," and counselled the Government to immediately both borrow and lend. He based his proposal on the ground that some of the lotholders might find it difficult to meet their calls, and that to the rest of them it would be a boon to be enabled to place the amounts in immediately remunerative undertakings. (He would appear, by the way, to have been mistaken as to his first reason, for since then there have been two calls, one of which has been paid practically in full, and the other is in the course of satisfac- tory settlement.) He pointed out the practical impossibility of suspending the

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work, the Government being under a legal obligation to complete it, and he dwelt on the injury to the work already done, the serious public inconvenience, and the grave sanitary complications which suspension would involve. On 29th August he again wrote in to shew why, 'in my opinion, the Government need not hesitate to make such a loan, and why they may consider its repayment as well assured.' He said, 'there are not wanting signs of an approaching recuperation.' After giving his reasons for this he proceeds to state that the fall in the rents of houses (of which we heard a good deal the other day) is purely temporary and will soon rectify itself. On this head he writes-The fall of rents has been due to too great haste in building, which has caused the supply of houses, especially of those for Europeans, to exceed the present demand. This, however, is a matter that will be cured by time, especially as the population of the Colony is steadily increasing.' In saying that the fall in the rents of houses would be cured by time, he must have had a very short time in his mind, for under his proposal some of the advances would have been repayable within two years. I may point out in passing that all this materially corroborates the position taken by the Government in regard to the recent motion for the reduction of certain salaries. And as lately as the 20th of last September he wrote: 'the risk run by the Government is really nil. The amount that was required to complete the reclamation, and that consequently Government was under his proposal to borrow from time to time and advance to a very small section only of the community, the marine lot owners, was $2,491,198, or say in round numbers 25 lacs; and the outstanding liability of the Government, supposing every lot owner punctually to repay his advances when repayment became due, would at one time have exceeded 8 lacs, the exact figure being $811,000. Such was the operation which he pressed on the Government as involving absolutely no risk, and yet to-day he is disposed to question the prudence of the Government's proposal at the present juncture to borrow some 14 lacs only on behalf of the whole community by a loan the repayment of which will be distributed over a period of 50 years. On this question of prudence I appeal from his doubts of to-day to his confidence of the 20th September last and I venture to ask him whether, in view of the proposal which I have mentioned and of the arguments by which he supported it, he cannot see his way to voting for the second reading."

It is, to say the least of it, very embarrassing to be assured that the financial position justifies the Government in borrowing an enormous sum and lending it to a very small section of the community, that signs of "approaching recuperation are not wanting," and that the fall in the rents of houses is purely temporary and will soon rectify itself-and then very shortly after to be assured by the same authority that the financial position is so desperate that it is essential, especially in view of the fact that the rents of houses have fallen, to effect a (net) saving of some $35,000 by the immediate reduction of certain salaries.

13. In paragraph 12 the Memorialists mention that they have frequently objected to the creation of new offices, but as they refrain from specifying those offices, I am not aware to what offices they refer. No new offices have been created since I assumed the administration of the Government. They also object to "the appointment of additional Cadets when there are Cadets still unprovided for;" they have already been informed that there is no intention of appointing any additional Cadets. And lastly, they object to "the appointment of new men to official posts in the Colony when there are officers in the Colony already quali- fied to fill the vacancies without work to do." The only "new men appointed to offices in the Colony since I came here are the Colonial Secretary and the Super- intendent of the Gaol. I am not responsible for either appointment. I am not aware of any "Officers in the Colony without work to do:" if it be meant that some existing offices might with advantage be amalgamated, I have already recom- mended such amalgamations to Your Lordship when opportunity may offer.

""

14. Paragraph 13 relates that the Unofficial Members have repeatedly asked for the appointment of a Retrenchment Committee. As it also draws attention to the "Hansard" reports of the debates on the several motions, I have only to observe that my reasons for not acceding to the only motion made in that behalf during my administration will be found in the report of the 9th May, 1892. The paragraph further gives the total cost of the establishments in each year since 1886. I enclose a * list shewing the details of the additions to establishments, and may here repeat that I have already submitted to Your Lordship my views as to the reductions that may be effected therein.

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15. Paragraph 14 admits that "there may possibly be some difference of opinion in the Colony on the question of official salaries." It would be more correct and explicit to state that the motion for the reduction of the salaries in question has found no support in the Colony outside the Council. It proceeds to state that "there is no division of opinion as to the necessity for a reduction in the cost of administration, and for economising generally by the amalgamation of certain offices." In this opinion, as Your Lordship is already aware, I concur. And finally, it asserts that there is a similar consensus of opinion as to the necessity "for a reformation in the constitution of the Legislative Council, and as to the uselessness in the Council as at present constituted of the presence of an Unofficial element which is habitually over-ruled by the Official vote. The question of the constitution of the Legislative Council is a very large question, and I do not pro- pose at present to discuss it; but I gladly avail myself of this opportunity of testifying that I have, during the short time that I have been here, frequently derived advantage and benefit from the presence of the Unofficial element in the Council, and of expressing the hope that I may frequently derive similar advantage and benefit in the future.

16. Paragraph 15 asks Your Lordship's special reference "to the proceedings in the Council as reported in the Hongkong Daily Press of 8th and 22nd December ultimo and posted herewith." No copies have been received with the Memorial; and the issues of 8th and 22nd ultimo of the Hongkong Daily Press contain no report of any proceedings in Council, nor is any report of any proceed- ings in Council contained in the issue of December 22nd, 1891; in that of 8th December, 1891, there is a report of the proceedings (since published in "Hansard") in Council on the 7th of that month. If the papers which are said to have been posted to Your Lordship's address contain anything calling for comment by me, I shall be obliged if Your Lordship will be so good as to draw my attention thereto.

17. In paragraph 16 the Memorialists ask for the appointment of a Retrench- ment Commission "consisting of the members of the community unconnected with Government, or at least of a majority of such persons." I see no reason to alter my conviction that the appointment of such a Commission is unnecessary and undesirable, and I am for many reasons, which it is needless here to detail, of opinion that if it were necessary to appoint a Commission, it should consist of per- sons unconnected with the Colony.

18. The concluding paragraph of the Memorial desires Your Lordship to reply "direct to the Unofficial Members or to their doyen." The reason given for this request is as remarkable as the request itself is unusual. It is stated that "We had occasion within the last year or two to address several letters to the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and have received neither ac- knowledgment nor reply. It was only in answer to questions in Council that we learned that there had been any communication at all on the subject of our letters." Since I arrived in the Colony the Unofficial Members have addressed no letter, previous to the present Memorial, to the Secretary of State through me. In 1891

find that they addressed three memorials to the Secretary of State, viz.: (1) on the subject of the Military Contribution-the Secretary of State's reply was duly laid on the table of the Council; (2) on the subject of the increases of Salaries— the Secretary of State's reply was duly sent to the Senior Unofficial Member, the late Mr. RYRIE; and (3) on the subject of the Sunday Cargo Bill-the Secretary of State's reply was duly sent to Mr. RYRIE. I am not in a position to say what Mr. RYRIE did with the replies.

19. Having now dealt seriatim with every allegation and contention contained in the Memorial, I may briefly state my conclusion on the whole matter. I con- sider that it has been conclusively shewn by the Colonial Secretary that while a certain number of persons have lost heavily by gambling in recent years, the com- munity taken as a whole has progressed, and that it is bound to continue to pro- gress; that the financial position of the Colony is satisfactory; that a loan for the public works extraordinary is immediately necessary, and that the fact of this necessity does not in any way controvert the soundness of the financial position; that no case whatever has been made out in support of the motion for the imme- diate reduction of certain salaries, and that it is to be regretted that the motion was made; that there is evidence in the Memorial, as well as elsewhere, that the reasons urged in the Finance Committee and the Council in support of the motion were not the sole or the mainly operative reasons for the motion being made; and lastly,

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that the appointment of a Retrenchment Committee is neither necessary nor desirable I have therefore the honour respectfully to advise Your Lordship not to accede to the prayers of the Memorialists.

20. I have also to beg Your Lordship to pardon the inordinate length of this despatch. If more time had been available, I might have been able to curtail or compress it, but I was anxious not to lose a mail in forwarding the Memorial to Your Lordship, and although the Appropriation Ordinance was passed in Council on the 30th November, 1892, and the protest thereagainst presented as long ago as the 14th ultimo, it was only on last Monday afternoon that I received the Memorial.

I have the honour to be, My Lord,

Your Lordship's most obedient,

humble servant,

The Right Honourable

THE MARQUESS OF RIPON,

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State

for the Colonies,

&c.,

fc.,

&c.

Enclosure No. 1.

WILLIAM ROBINSON,

Governor.

MY LORD MARQUIS,

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL CHAMBER,

HONGKONG, 12th January, 1893.

1. We, the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council of Hongkong, have the honour to hand you herewith enclosed copy of a protest, dated Hongkong the 13th day of December ultimo, laid by us on the table of the Council for record in the Minutes of Council, under the provisions of Rule No. 32 of the Standing Rules and Orders. This protest is the formal expression of our dissent from the decision of the Council in reading a third time and passing, by means of the official majority, the Appropriation Ordinance for 1893-(Ordinance No. 12 of 1892)-in the form in which it has been assented to by the Governor and forwarded to your Lordship.

2. We pray your Lordship to take this protest into consideration, and to give effect to it. We pray you further to advise her Most Gracious Majesty the QUEEN to refuse her Assent to that Ordinance.

(a) The main question debated in Council on the consideration of this Appropria- tion Bill, was whether the salaries of the principal Civil Servants of the Colony should or should not be reduced to the scale in force in the Colony in 1890, or whether provision should be made for their payment in 1893 at the rates authorized for 1891 and 1892.

(b) In the Finance Committee all the Unofficial Members (five) of Council voted unanimously for the reduction of the salaries, and carried Resolutions amending the Estimates for 1893 in that sense, and reducing the corresponding items in the Appropriation Bill. In Committee of Council, where the Official Members are always in a majority, these votes and items, as originally proposed, were restored by this Official majority, against the unanimous vote of the Unofficial Members; the Bill was thus reported in its original form and not as amended in Finance Committee, was read a third time, and passed. It has since been assented to by His Excellency the Governor, in the name and on behalf of the QUEEN, and published in the Hongkong Government Gazette of 3rd December ultimo.

3. The Unofficial Members submit, for your Lordship's consideration, that in Committee of Council on the Appropriation Bill for 1893, the votes of the Official Members-each of whom were directly and personally interested from a pecuniary point of view in the rejection of the Amendments proposed and supported unanimously by the Unofficial Members for reduction of salaries generally-should not have been

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tendered or accepted; that their votes were illegal and void; that the Amendments proposed by the Unofficial Members should have been declared to have been carried, and should have been embodied in the Bill as reported from the Finance Committee. The Unofficial Members believe that on principle and by every rule of Parliamentary practice and procedure, the Official Members of Council were disqualified from voting on the occasion in question, and submit that the Bill should have been allowed to pass as amended by the Unofficial Members in Finance Committee of the Council.

4. The Unofficial Members of Council beg further to submit, for your Lordship's consideration, a short history of the increased salaries question, so that in dealing with it you may have before you not only the official view but also the popular aspects of it, and that you may be able to understand the connection which un- doubtedly exists between this special question and the general financial condition of the Colony, and the repeated efforts unavailingly made for some time past by the Unofficial Members to get from the Colonial Government an independent examination into the steady and constant increase in the aggregate cost of the administration of the Government, which we regard as exceptionally heavy if not excessive.

(a) In 1888 and 1889 this Colony was undoubtedly, so far as appearances went, in a very prosperous condition, and there was no reason to anticipate any serious alteration in its financial position in the immediate future. We need not do more than refer your Lordship, in proof of this, to Sir WM. DES VEUX's exhaustive despatch of 31st October, 1889, to Lord KNUTSFORD, then Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies.

(b) In that despatch our late Governor was able to refer to the great wealth of the Colony, to the increased market value of the shares in all registered Companies in Hongkong, to the enormous rise in the value of land, and to the certainty of a further increase therein, leading to a great enhancement of revenue from land sales, crown rents, and an increased volume of taxation, and to a vast commerce in a healthy state of progress, etc., etc.

the

(c) A proposal was made at that time and most cordially supported, not only by the then Unofficial Members of Council but by the community generally, to improve pay of the Civil Servants, compensating them in some way for the then rise in the cost of living in the Colony generally, but more especially in the item of house rent. The value of land in the Colony at that time was indeed very great, and rents were higher than they had ever been before. Early in 1889 a Commission, composed entirely of Unofficial Members of Council (the Chairman only excepted), recommended a general advance in salaries all round. The then Secretary of State for the Colonies approved of the recommendations with various alterations and modifications and after prolonged consideration and discussion in despatches and in Council a revised scale was approved and introduced into the Estimates for 1891: But, during the two years that had elapsed since the first proposals were made, great changes had taken place in the financial condition of the Colony. In his speech in the Council, on 19th March, 1891, Sir G. W. DES Vaux forcibly pointed out that the Colony was suffering largely from three causes which had hit Hong- kong extremely hard--one was the restrictive legislation against Chinese in the Australasian Colonies and in America; another was the increased cultivation of the Poppy in China, which had diminished our Opium Imports; and the third was the decline in the export of Chinese Tea owing to the competition of India and Ceylon. Land had fallen greatly in value; we were largely over-built in the City of Victoria, at the Peak, Magazine Gap, and at Kowloon; house rents were going down considerably in almost all instances; immense sums of money had been lost through unprofitable trade in tobacco planting in British North Borneo, mining ventures in the Malay Peninsula and elsewhere, and a number of the new local enterprises had not yet yielded any return on capital invested, while many others were in course of liquidation; the unprecedentedly violent fluctuations in the gold value of silver had paralyzed and rendered Export and Import trade not only un- profitable but disastrously bad, resulting in heavy losses, and the Colony's revenue showed every symptom of a serious falling off, more particularly the revenue deriv- able from the Government's Opium Farm, which was at that period about one fourth of the Colony's total income. This state of affairs was aggravated by the Military Contribution to the Imperial Government from the Colony being increased from £20,000 to £40,000 per annum, or to nearly one sixth of our total annual revenue, on the ground that an increased Garrison was essential.

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Under these circumstances, and while the proposed increase in salaries was under consideration of the Secretary of State for final approval, the Unofficial Members of Council by telegram and by letter entreated his Lordship in the then generally unsatisfactory condition of the Colony to withhold his sanction from the proposed increase, and allow the whole matter to stand over until it was seen whether the Colony could or would recover from its then state of financial and general depression. The payment of the enhanced rates of salary in the Colony was actually suspended for nearly six months pending the result of this appeal to the Secretary of State, and the Civil Servants were expressly warned by the Governor that if payment was made it would be only for the year, and that the whole question of salaries was open for reconsideration and revision in the next and following annual Estimates. Lord KNUTSFORD finally directed the payment for 1891 of the increased rates of salary, on the allegations that house rent for Europeans had increased from 100 to 150 per cent., and for Chinese 100 per cent. Distinct official caution was given to the officers concerned that it was not to be looked upon as a permanent increase, but as an increase that was open to reconsideration and reduction in the next or any following year, if there was no improvement in the financial condition of the Colony.

5. This being a brief history of the question of the increase in official salaries, can it be maintained, as it has been, that the Civil Servants have a vested interest in these increased salaries and that the Unofficial Members are guilty of a grossly inequitable attack on vested interests in moving now for the reduction of these salaries to their former level? We submit that it cannot be so maintained. The power to re-examine and re-adjust them if necessary was specially reserved, and the recipients were officially cautioned that they were not to look upon the increased salaries paid in 1891 as a permanent improvement.

6. Is there any justification now for the present endeavour to reduce the increased salaries to the 1890 level?

(a) The three causes, referred to by Sir G. W. DES VEUX, viz., restrictive legislation against Chinese in Australasia and America; the increased cultivation of the Poppy in China, which diminishes our Opium Imports; and the decline in the Export of Chinese Tea, owing to the competition of India and Ceylon, are still causing the Colony to suffer more largely and more severely than before, and whether any improvement can be looked for in the immediate future is extremely

doubtful.

(b) Land has not improved in value; it is lower now than it has been for a number of years; and Land Sales have fallen off. It is improbable that the value of Land will improve for some time to come, as we are already largely over-built generally throughout the Colony, and the Reclamation of new land, along the Praya central westwards from the sea, will be available for building purposes sooner or later.

(c) Is the general trade of the Colony either amongst Chinese or Europeans profitable or even satisfactory? Undoubtedly not. Here (as in many other places) it is bad, and has been for the last two years, probably worse than at any time in the Colony's history. There has been, unfortunately, continued general commercial and financial depression, apprehension, anxiety, and suspense; there is a general want of confidence, credit is seriously contracted, and several of the most respectable and oldest established of our mercantile houses have, under the strain of continuous heavy trade losses, collapsed, while the violent fluctuations in Exchange and the unprecedented decline in the gold value of silver have been the chief factor in bringing about the fall of the oldest Exchange Bank in the East, as well as largely contributing to the collapse of another Banking Institution whose Banking Assets recently were upwards of Ten and Three-quarters Millions of Pounds Sterling.

(d) The trade of the adjoining Province, Kwangtung (Canton), has not shewn any increase in the first nine months of 1892 as compared with the corresponding period of 1891; on the contrary, the Chinese Customs Revenue shews a decrease of almost ten per cent., or over Taels 415,000. The published Returns of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs give:-

Revenue for the first nine months of 1891....Taels 4,244,994.24 Revenue for the first nine months of 1892,... 3,829,906.57

The decrease for the first three quarters of 1892 as compared with the same period of 1891, at Canton being over 5 %, at Lappa (Macao) over 15 %, and at Chinese

306

Kowloon over 20 %. The Chinese Customs Revenue may safely be regarded as an index to the variations in trade, and even the decreased volume thereof, for the reasons before mentioned, has in many instances resulted unprofitably. Trade cannot improve while the gold value of silver continues shrouded in boundless uncertainty and violent fluctuations in Exchange are taking place.

(e) Returns may shew some increase in the tonnage of shipping frequenting the harbour, but it is notorious in the Colony that a number of the steamers calling here have not been paying their running expenses, while nearly all have suffered pecuniarily in sympathy with the exceedingly unsatisfactory state of shipping all over the world. Shipping is undoubtedly of the very first importance to the Colony, but the alleged increase of tonnage can in no measure be reasonably construed as shewing any increase of prosperity in trade here. Such a deduction is more or less fallacious. According to the Estimates the revenue from Light Dues is on the decrease. The figures are:-

In 1891,

Revised Estimate for 1892, Estimate for 1893,

.$89,656.69

87,142.31

87,000.00

(f) The destination of nearly all the Rice and other Imports from the Northern Ports is Canton. The Steamers carrying these merely pass through our waters, but the inclusion of their tonnage in our Harbour Statistics has led and leads to erroneous deductions. A large number of the Ocean Steamers to and from Europe, America, &c., in like manner swell the official tonnage returns, but in reality may add little to our revenue, and many of them contribute nothing to the trade profits, the steamers having in many instances to call, even with little or nothing to land in, or take from the Colony. They have to call for the sole purpose of transhipment of Cargo and Branch Line requirements.

(g) The Colony's Revenue from Opium has not increased or even been maintained. The rent from the Opium Farm has fallen from $389,900.00 in 1891, and $519,000.00 estimated for 1892, to $340,800.00 per annum for the next three years. The revenue from this source is of a most uncertain and precarious nature.

(h) The Revenue obtained from Subsidiary Coinage shows a large decrease. In 1890 it was $90,217.87, in 1891 $73,347.09; the revised Estimate for 1892 is only $8,500.00, and the Estimate for 1893 is $17,000.00.

(i) The Revenue of the Colony is not as productive and as elastic as when these augmentations in salaries were recommended. There was then a large surplus Revenue over Ordinary Expenditure. The surpluses were:-

In 1889,

In 1890,

In 1891,

Estimated surplus in Revenue in 1892,

Estimated possible surplus in Revenue in 1893,

$519,107.57

541,638.27

157,229.25

115,216.00

6,785.00

(j) Ordinary Expenditure, in spite of all the efforts of the Unofficial Members, continues to increase annually, and, we think, out of proportion to the real needs of the Colony. The figures are as follows:-

In 1889,

In 1890,

In 1891,

.....

.$1,459,167.16

1,470,221.00

·

1,868,073.26

The latest estimate for 1892 is..

While the estimate for 1893 is.......

1,882,000.00 1,899,611.00

(k) House rents are lower now than they were in 1889-1890. The fall has been great; though the effect of this on the Revenue has not yet been felt. The annual valuations have hardly yet been altered. It was solely on the ground of the great increase in house rents in the Colony that Lord KNUTSFORD Sanctioned the increased salaries. (See his Lordship's Despatch of 3rd April, 1891, more par- ticularly para. 12.)

307.

7. The Governor recognized plainly in his statement to the Council at the opening of the present Session the need of retrenchment in every direction, and said :—

"In the public service vested interests cannot be disregarded, and all "retrenchments consequently must be more or less of a prospective "nature. I have publicly stated that when opportunities arise I "will take advantage of them, but time is required to effect all such "reforms. The Civil Service is to a certain extent over-officered, "and the salaries of the clerical service are capable of reduction as "vacancies occur.'

"

8. In his despatches to your Lordship he tells us that he has recommended reductions of salaries, amalgamation of offices, abolition of appointments as oppor- tunities offer, and has had to ask your sanction for a loan. He evidently agrees with us that the present rates of salary are high, for he has recommended and carried a very considerable reduction in the salary of the new Registrar of the Supreme Court, and he proposes to do the same with all offices as opportunities

occur.

9. The Governor confesses that there is need of retrenchment and reform, that some of the salaries are too high and ought to be reduced, and that the official staff is too numerous. We are also decidedly of His Excellency's opinion and consider that the circumstances which appeared to justify the 1891 increase no longer exist; that an annual economy of $35,000 or $40,000 or more may be easily effected without delay and without hardship, and that as increases were granted and paid upon the express condition that they were open to early reconsideration there is no vested interest to be affected by their revision, and that there is nothing unjust or inequitable in our moving accordingly.

10. In his Excellency the Governor's address herein before referred to he admits that the state of affairs now, so far as finance is concerned, cannot be considered entirely satisfactory. We quite share in this view, and as to the future we keenly feel the imperative necessity for economy and retrenchment.

11. The Unofficial Members beg leave to point out to your Lordship that their position in the Council, and their treatment on many financial questions by the Government and by the Official Members of Council is such that they are compelled to take this step for the protection of the interests of the Colony, and in vindication of their own rights and powers as guardians of the public purse. If any increase of expenditure is proposed locally and it happens to meet with the approval of the Unofficial Members of Council they are consulted and their opinions are cited to your Lordship as justifying the expenditure. It is they who have voted for it. If they disapprove they are too often ignored and given to understand that their votes and opinions are valueless and that their presence in Council might well be dispensed with, and that it is for the Executive Government and for your Lordship to determine what is necessary and proper. If a demand is made on the public purse for any purpose disapproved of by the Government or not cordially supported, the responsibility of rejecting it is thrown on the Unofficial Members.

12. The Unofficial Members have recently objected and objected frequently to the creation of new offices, and the consequent increase in the public charges without their ever being consulted, or having even an opportunity of expressing an opinion on the matter. They are asked to vote the money needed when it is impossible to refuse it. They object to the appointment of additional Cadets when there are Cadets still unprovided for, and to the manufacture of posts to give them salaries when they become too old to be styled as Cadets. They object to the appointment of new men to official posts in the Colony when there are officers in the Colony already qualified to fill the vacancies without work to do.

13. The Unofficial Members have asked the Colonial Government on three different occasions since April last for a Commission to enquire into the whole question of public Expenditure. We refer your Lordship to the debates in Council on 10th April, 1891, 7th December, 1891, and 9th May, 1892, as reported in the Hongkong Hansards, 1890-91, and 1891-92.

The cost of the salaries and personal allowances alone has risen as follows:-

In 1887, 1888, 1889.

$547,650

$552,875

$602,183

""

1890,....

.$655,233

>>

1891,....

$758,139 (estimated).

308

Estimated for 1892 about $774,000, and possibly a still larger estimated amount for 1893, hence our motion for reduction to the 1890 basis, with the view to general retrenchment, and the strictest economy which we regard as absolutely necessary.

14. The Unofficial Members of Council beg to point out to your Lordship that although there may possibly be some difference of opinion in the Colony on the question of official salaries, there is no division of opinion as to the necessity for a reduction in the cost of administration, and for economising generally by the amalgamation of certain offices, as well as for a reformation in the constitution of the Legislative Council, and as to the uselessness in the Council as at present constituted of the presence of an unofficial element which is habitually overruled by the Official vote.

15. We further beg to ask your Lordship's special reference to the proceedings in the Council as reported in the Hongkong Daily Press of 8th and 22nd December ultimo, and posted herewith.

16. We ask that an independent Commission, i.e. one consisting of the Members of the Community unconnected with Government or at least of a majority of such persons, should be appointed with full power to investigate and report on the cost of the Administration.

17. We venture to hope that your Lordship will reply to this letter direct to the Unofficial Members or to their doyen. We had occasion within the last year or two to address several letters to the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies and have received neither acknowledgment nor reply. It was only in answer to questions in Council that we learned that there had been any communication at all on the subject of our letters.

We have the honour to be,

My Lord,

Your Lordship's most obedient

humble Servants,

(Signed)

C. P. CHATER.

(

}

HO KAI.

(

)

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

}

E. R. BELILIOS.

>

J. J. BELL-IRVING.

We, the undersigned Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council of Hong- kong, both nominated and elected, desire to place on record our unanimous protest against the Appropriation Ordinance for 1893, entitled--

An Ordinance enacted by the Governor of Hongkong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, to apply a sum not exceeding Two millions Two hundred and Fifty-six thousand Three hundred and Seventy-five Dollars to the Public Service of the Year 1893.

numbered 12 of 1892 and published in the Hongkong Government Gazette of the 3rd instant as having been passed by this Honourable Council on the 30th day of November, 1892, and as having been assented to by His Excellency the Governor, in the name and on behalf of the Queen, on the 3rd day of December instant.

We protest against the inclusion in that Ordinance, contrary to the unanimous votes and opinions of all the Unofficial Members of the Council in the Finance Committee and in the Committee of the Council, of large sums for the salaries of the Civil Servants of the Colony in excess of the amounts voted and approved by all the Unofficial Members in the Finance Committee and reported to the Council, and far in excess of what, in our opinion, are necessary or the Colony can reason- ably afford to pay.

We protest against the Colonial Secretary and the Official Members of Council voting in Committee of Council, and in Council on the third reading of the Bill, in support of votes for their own salaries in excess of the amounts approved by us in the Finance Committee as reported.

309

Members of Council are legally incapable of voting on questions in which they are directly pecuniarily interested. They are disqualified on principle and by the law of Parliament formally declared in a recent case in England, and we protest and declare that the votes of the Official Members of Council on the Appropriation Bill, so far as the question of official salaries was concerned, were null and void and of no effect.

We claim that the amendments proposed in Committee of Council for the reduction of official salaries to the scale in. force in 1890 were duly carried by a majority of legal votes; that the votes recorded against the amendments were null and void and ought not to have been counted and that the Appropriation Bill ought to have been reported and passed with these amendments.

For the reasons above given we formally and unanimously protest against the so-called Appropriation Ordinance for 1893 as published, and declare it not to have been duly passed by this Honourable Council and not to be law.

Dated Hongkong, this 13th day of December, 1892.

(Signed) )

(

(

35

""

C. P. CHATER.

HO KAI.

}

)

E. R. BELILIOS.

T. H. WHITEHEAD.

-

Enclosure No. 2.

THE BOMBAY YARN TRADE IN Hongkong.

Mr. P. EDULJEE, in his annual report on the Bombay yarn trade in Hongkong, says:-

"The trade in Indian Grey Yarn continues to advance with rapid strides, and the year just past shows an exceptionally prosperous period both to dealers and importers with a substantial increase in volume and price. Total imports to China and Japan which amounted to 389,862 bales in 1891 show an increase of 54,012 bales in 1892 or nearly 14 per cent. In Hongkong alone receipts increased from 218,732 bales in 1891 to 247,569 bales in 1892 or over 13 per cent., whilst direct shipments to Shanghai and Japan advanced to 196,305 bales as against 171,130 bales in 1891 or nearly 15 per cent. Consumption has also kept pace with arrivals, and whereas Hongkong shows an increase of 57,660 bales or nearly 35 per cent. during the past year over that of the previous twelve months, sales in Shanghai have increased from 144,337 bales in 1891 to 184,386 bales in 1892 or nearly 28 per cent. and in Japan from 14,439 bales to 25,337 or over 75 per cent. During the first six months prices were very slow to move and showed a fluctuation of $1 to $2 per bale, but during the latter half of the year the market took a decidedly upward turn, and in spite of one or two ineffectual attempts to bear prices, values have steadily advanced, and during the year the appreciation may be estimated at $15 in No. 6s. and 8s., $13 in No. 10s. and 12s. and $10 in No. 16s. and 20s., and although rates in India showed a corresponding advance, the margin on costs has been more or less considerable. In closing the last annual Report it was re- marked that since the introduction of the trade into China there has been no more disastrous period both to importers and native dealers than the year just past.' Not only have supplies increased during the last twelve months, but consumption has in- creased from 161,504 to 219,164 bales, the country being in a better position to absorb more imports, having been happily free from droughts or floods during the period under review."

.

"The Northern Ports, more especially the large neighbouring markets of Shang- hai, have greatly contributed to our advancement, and indeed during the first half of the year were it not for the heavy exports to that port, and the large orders received therefrom we would not have been able to report so good a progress in our market. To give a vague idea of how the trade in Shanghai has expanded during the last four years it is only necessary to mention that whereas in 1839 only 55,401 bales were consumed in that market the consumption last year shows 184,386 bales or an increase of nearly 129,000 bales or over 230 per cent."

310

In November 1890, when the new system of clearance in 3 months was adopted by the principal Indian importers in Hongkong, fears were entertained in certain quarters as to the advisability of the movement, and all sorts of evils to the trade were prognosticated. The system has had now a fair trial of over two years, and not only have the croakings of the pessimists not been verified but the market has assumed a healthier aspect and every fictitious element which led to inflated sales and spurious prices in the past have been eliminated from the trade. During the last twelve months the productions of two new mills have been introduced into our markets, namely, the Coimbatore (in Madras) and Raja Nagar (in Amebabad). Three new mills are in course of erection in Bombay island, namely, the Bomanjee Petit Mills, The Hope Mills, and Jacob Sassoon Mills, one in Calcutta and four others in as many commercial centres of India, making a total of eight new mills, whose production we may see imported into our markets during the ensuing year. The trade with Japan has last year unexpectedly taken an upward turn, as is evidenced by the increased consumption of nearly 11,000 bales over that of 1891. The scarcity of Raw Cotton has been the principal factor at work in the altered circumstances of the trade. This improvement, however, may not be taken as a criterion, as, given another prosperous year and cheap long-stapled raw material, the Japanese bid fair to drive the foreign article from the country at no distant date. Already there is a talk of a contemplated addition of one hundred thousand spindles to the productive powers of local Mills. This would mean an increase of about 175 bales a day or close upon five thousand bales per month to the local out-put. At the close of 1889 the number of Mills throughout Japan was 34, running an aggregate of 268,988 spindles, increasing to 37 mills in 1890 capable of running 382,976 spindles. It is estimated, however, that only 270,000 spindles on an average were employed during the year producing only 110,000 bales of 400 lbs. In 1891 the number of Mills was reduced to 36, and at the close of the first half of last year they stood at 35 with 324,800 spindles producing 102,500 bales as against 110,000 bales in the whole of 1890 and 110,625 bales in 1891. Whilst this is being written, telegraphic news has been received from Japan of the total destruction by fire of two Mills in Osaka containing 30,000 spindles. The great drawback to the local industry in Japan is the unsuitability of the Home-grown Cotton for spinning either alone or after mixing with other staple on account of its harshness and shortness, and the cost to which the Mills are put in supplying themselves from foreign markets. Notwithstanding these drawbacks the country is advancing with steady progress both in the volume and quality of the manufacture suited to its require ments, and in the course of a few years Japan will not only offer an exceedingly poor outlet for Indian yarns, but be a no mean competitor with Bombay Mill-owners in China markets. In lieu of the manufactured article, however, Japan is now a large buyer in India of Raw Cotton, and the pace at which the trade is advancing since its commencement some two years ago gives promise of a no inconsiderable ex- pansion in the near future."

HONGKONG.

No. 71.

Secretary of State to Governor.

DOWNING STREET,

21 April, 1893.

SIR,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 12 of the 17th January last, forwarding a Memorial from the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council in support of their Protest of the 13th of December, and praying that Her Majesty should be advised to refuse her assent to the Appropria- tion Ordinance (No. 12 of 1892), and that a Commission should be appointed to investigate and report upon the cost of the local administration.

2. I have already, in my despatch No. 25 of 15th February, dealt with the Protest itself, and in my despatch No. 24 of the 14th February, I informed you that Her Majesty would not be advised to disallow the Ordinance, and that I was satisfied that no sufficient reason had been shown for reducing the salaries of any of the existing officers of the service.

311

3. I have now again carefully considered the position as presented by the Unofficial Members in their "Memorial," and will proceed to explain the reasons which confirm me in the view that my decision was the right one. I fully admit that the reduction of salaries of Civil servants is a measure which may be taken under stress of financial necessity, but I do not see that the condition of the finances of Hongkong justifies such an exceptional step. The Revenue has steadily improved every year for the last nine years, rising from $1,193,000 in 1884 to a sum (omitting exceptional windfalls) of about $2,100,000 in 1892, a rise of 76 %. It is true that the Expenditure has largely increased in the same period, a result, I may observe, due more to the addition to "Services exclusive of Establishments" than to the growth of Establishments which have only increased by 37 % against a rise of 76% in Revenue. But I see nothing in the existing financial position which can not be remedied by ordinary measures of prudence and retrenchment not involving hardship to existing holders of office.

4. Before discussing the question of retrenchment it may be well to make clear what has been the attitude taken up on the salary question by successive Secretaries of State, and by the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council respectively.

5. In 1883 a Memorial was received from a number of Civil servants, apply- ing for a general increase of pay; the answer of the Earl of Derby was a decisive refusal to accede to the application, (as will be seen by reference to the corres- 19.3.83. pondence noted in the margin). For the next five years the question appears to 8. of S. No. 93 12.5.83. have remained in abeyance.

Gov. No. 68

6. The question, however, was raised afresh in connection with the Estimates for 1889, and the proposals then put forward were supported by the Unofficial Members, or at all events by some of them, who expressed an opinion in favour of an increase amounting to 20 or 25 % all round. In dealing with this phase of the question, my Predecessor refrained from committing himself to any approval of such general increase, confining himself in the first instance to a suggestion that a Committee composed of Officials and Unofficial Members should be appointed to investigate and to report upon the general cost of living under specified heads of expenditure, in the years 1874, 1879, 1884, and 1889 respectively.

7. The suggested Committee, with the exception of its President, was composed wholly of Unofficial Members; and in its report it was unanimous in expressing the opinion that there had been a rise not only in house rent, but also in the cost of living generally since 1874, and in recommending that the salaries of the higher officers should be restored to their sterling value, taking the dollar at what was its exchange value in 1875. This recommendation, had it been adopted, would have had the effect of immediately increasing salaries by 35 per cent. in dollars, an increase that would by now, owing to the further fall in the sterling value of the dollar, have even exceeded 35 per cent. The claims of the Civil service being thus vouched and recommended by the Unofficial Members of Council, who may be regarded as in some degree special guardians of the public purse, and there being; moreover, a quantity of evidence, tending to prove that the views of those on the spot were based on fact, Lord Knutsford could not well have taken any other course than that of accepting in principle what was being urged upon him. But he declined to go so far as to sanction the somewhat hazardous proposal of fixing the salaries in sterling, and adopted what has proved the more cautious alternative of a fixed addition in dollars not exceeding 35 per cent. to the salaries as they stood in 1875. His Lordship's views were embodied in great detail in his despatch No. 110 of the 19th of June 1890, and the conditions and exceptions therein laid down were, I would point out, almost entirely in the direction of restricting the operation of what the local Government proposed, and afford strong evidence of a desire to protect the public purse.

8. The despatch of the 19th of June, together with the revised scheme of salaries which it authorized, came before the Legislature in connection with the Estimates for 1891, at a time when, I may observe, the members were fully aware of the demand made by the Imperial Government for a larger Military Contribu- tion, but notwithstanding this knowledge the Council voted the increases; and these were in due course, but subject to certain criticisms and exceptions, sanctioned by the Secretary of State in his despatch No. 71 of 3rd April 1891. Shortly after that despatch was posted, he was made aware by a telegram from the Unofficial Members that they had altered their views on the question, but when the reasons on which that change of opinion was based came to be examined by him, they did not appear to him to justify a reversal of a decision which had been arrived at largely in deference to the views put forward by Unofficial Members.

312

9. This decision may be taken to have been for a time at least accepted, but the Unofficial Members seek to re-open the question on grounds with which I shall briefly deal. I cannot admit the accuracy of the view that my Predecessor agreed to the increase of salaries simply on the ground of the increase in house rent. In his despatch of 19th June 1890, he intimated that his decision was based on the increased cost of living generally; and the 12th paragraph of his later despatch, dated 3rd April 1891, so far from bearing the construction put upon it by the Unofficial Members rather shews that his Lordship thought the increases permis- sible, notwithstanding a certain amount of doubt on his part as to the alleged grievance about house rent. There is not sufficient information before me to enable me to form a final and unhesitating opinion as to whether at the present time rents have fallen or not in comparison with 1889, but however this may be, I would point out that it is not the crucial question. What the Unofficial Members ought to have shown in order to establish their point, is that the rents of 1892 are as low as those of 1875, which was notoriously a period of depression in the real-property market.

10. Certain observations made by Sir W. DES Vœux shortly before quitting the Colony in 1891, as to the power of the Legislative Council to revise and reduce salaries in future from year to year, appear to be relied on in the Memorial. Their application appears not free from ambiguity, but, whatever may have been their scope and intention, they were not adopted by my Predecessor, and are not binding on Her Majesty's Government. To act on them-or rather on the interpretations assigned to them-would be to treat the remuneration of Civil servants on a principle which appears to me objectionable. It would be saying in effect that salaries may be made to rise and fall with the rise and fall in the prosperity of the Colony and even with the rise and fall of share values in the local money market.

11. Even if it could be shown that the Civil servants have been more fortunate than the facts as to house rent and other items in the cost of living would have justified, it must be remembered that owing to my Predecessor's refusal to fix the salaries on a sterling basis the Civil servants are, through the fall in exchange, now losing some of the advantage which it was thought at the time and on the spot, that the settlement would give them. I am prepared indeed to admit that they were treated with liberality, and the settlement of 1890–1 should (unless in the case of some change at present totally unforeseen) be deemed to exclude the consideration of any further claims which may be advanced on the ground of increased cost of living, fall of exchange, or other similar causes.

12. But whilst I am thus unable to meet the views of the Unofficial Members as to existing holders of office, I may observe that my attention has for some time been directed to less questionable methods of Retrenchment. In my despatch of 24th October last I expressed myself in favour of abolishing certain of the higher appointments; and in my despatch No. 270 of 28th November last I approved certain considerable prospective decreases in the Clerical Establishment.

13. I have further come to the conclusion that, notwithstanding what has already been decided in the direction of economy, additional advantage would be derived from instituting a comprehensive enquiry affecting all Departments in the Service, so that the facts and the possibilities of reduction in the future may be placed on record, and thus no opportunity of effecting retrenchment allowed to slip by.

14. I desire therefore that you will appoint a Committee for this purpose, over which the Colonial Secretary or the Chief Justice might preside, with one or two other Government officers and certain Unofficial Members of the Council as collea- gues; it being clearly understood that the reference to the Committee does not extend to the question of reducing the salaries of existing officers.

15. You will be good enough to communicate this despatch to the Unofficial Members by sending a copy to the Senior among them and by laying it on the table of the Council together with my two despatches referred to in a previous paragraph (No. 12).

I have the honour to be, Sir

Your most obedient, humble servant,

Governor

SIR WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

&c.

&c..

&c.

RIPON.

HONGKONG.

STATEMENT SHOWING THE TOTAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN T

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Go

REVENUE.

COLONY OF HONGKONG.

Return of REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31s

Amount Total Estimated. Revenue.

More than Less than Estimated. Estimated.

EXPENDITURE,

$

C.

LIGHT DUES,

85,000

92,264.70

$ C. $ C. 7,264.70

LICENCES AND INTERNAL REVENUE NOT OTHERWISE SPE-

CIFIED:-

Arms Ordinance,..

Assessed Taxes,

200

440,000

180.00 458,153.27

20.00

18,153.27

Auctioneers' Licences,

Billiard Tables and Bowling Alleys Licences,

Boarding-house Licences,

Boat Licences,......

Cargo Boat Licences,

Carriage, Chair, &c., Licences,....

Chinese Passenger Ships Licences,

Chinese Undertakers' Licences, Emigration Brokers' Licences,... Emigration Tenement Licences, Fines,

Forfeitures,

Hawkers' Licences,

Junk Licences.

Marine Store Dealers' Licences,

Marriage Licences,..

Money Changers' Licences,

Opium Monopoly,

1,800

1.800.00

1,300

1,200.00

100.00

150

175.00

5,000

7,877.25

25.00 2,877.25

7,000

7,189.00

189.00

45,000

39,324.10

5,675,90

300

285.00

15.00

130

120.00

10.00

1,200

1,000.00

200.00

10

10.00

16,000

1,000

32,841.21

3,761.71 2,761.71

16,841.21

4,500

2,072.00

2,428.00

20,000

26,036.20

6,036.20

900

900.00

400

270.00

130.00

700

670.00

130.00

519,000

407,900.00

111,100.00

Pawnbrokers' Licences,.

Shooting Licences,

Spirit Licences,

Stamps,...

Steam-Launch Licences,

POSES, AND REIMBURSEMENTS IN AID:—

Bills of Health,

Births and Deaths, Registration of...

Cemetery Burials,

Chinese Gazette, Sale of

Companies, Registration of

Convict Labour and other items,

Deeds, Registration of

Discharge of Crews and Seamen,

14,000

15,750.00

20

44,000

180,000

125.00 50,865.11 151.388.37

1,750.00 105.00 6,865.11

28,611.63

400

2,130.50

'1,730.50

FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC PUR-

2.000

2,220.00

220.00

Cargo Boat Certificates,

Cemetery Fees from Public Cemeteries for Chinese,

100 1,200 600

109.43 1,653.30

9.43

453.30

661.91

61.91

...

924.50

924.50

...

50

53.00

3.00

...

2,000

2,062.00

62.00

...

4,000

4,189.02

189.02

...

4,000

4,336,00

336.00

...

...

7,177.20

7,177.20

Examination of Masters, &c.,

Fees of Court,

Fees on Grant of Leases.

1,500

2,637,50

1,137.50

13,000

12,372.19

627.81

200

570.00

370.00

Gaol Expenses recovered,.

1,000

549.36

450.64

Gunpowder, Storage of.....

5,000

5,158.30

158.30

Householders, Registration of

2,000

1,351.25

648.75

Imperial Post Office, Contribution from

3,408

6,304.40

2,896.40

Lock Hospital, Grant-in-Aid from Admiralty,.

500

Medical Examination of Emigrants,

Medical Registration Fees,

15,000 10

705.43 16,940.00

205.13 1,940.00

Medical Treatment of Sick Seamen,

12,000

Official Administrator, Assignee, &c.,.

3,000

50.00 12,848.78 1,698.80

40.00 848.78

1,301.20

Official Signatures,

150

Printed Forms, Sale of

1,200

203.00 81.00

53.00

1,119.00

Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent for

2,430.00

2,430.00

Registry Fees, (Merchant Shipping Act),

300

210.00

Shipping Seamen,

9,000

7,735.80

90.00 1,264.20

Sick Stoppages from Police Force,

800

883.75

83.75

Steam-Launches, Surveyor's Certificate,

Subsistence of Seamen, &c., in Gaol,

Survey of Steam-Ships,..

Trade Marks, Registration of

1,300 300 10,000 400

1,340.00

40.00

312.75

12.75

Victoria College, Fees from Scholars, School for Girls,

12,000

Do..

300

Sunday Cargo-Working Permits,

T

1800 |

8,645.43 811.07 12,342.00 430.50 5,000.00

1,354.57

411.07

342.00

130.50

5,000.00

2.172 63

372.63

Charge on Account of Public Debt, Pensions,

Governor and Legislature.

Colonial Secretary's Department, Audit Department,....

Treasury,

Public Works Department,. Water and Drainage Department, Post Office,

Registrar General's Department, Harbour Master's Department, Lighthouses,

Observatory,

Stamp Office,

Botanical and Afforestation Department,

Legal Departments,

Ecclesiastical Department,

Education,

Medical Departments, Magistracy,

Police,

Gaols,

Fire Brigade,

Sanitary Department, Charitable Allowances, Transport,

Miscellaneous Services,. Military Expenditure, Public Works Recurrent,

....

No. 18

93.

HONGKONG.

G THE TOTAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN THE YEAR 1892.

›y Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 25th May, 1893.

COLONY OF HONGKONG.

ND EXPENDITURE DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1892.

Total Revenue.

More than Less than Estimated. Estimated.

EXPENDITURE,

Amount Total More than Less than Estimated. Expenditure. Estimated. Estimated.

$ 0. 92,264.70

$ 0. $ C. 7,264.70

$

$ G.

1

180.00

20.00

458,153.27

18,153.27

1.800.00

1,200.00

100.00

Charge on Account of Public Debt, Pensions,

Governor and Legislature,

Colonial Secretary's Department, Audit Department,...

Treasury,

Public Works Department,.

96,860

105,326.16

$ C. 8,466.16

$

65,200

67,086.54

1,886.54

40,879

43,803.12 2,924.12

35,616

37,440.94 1,824.91

10,000

9,433.38

566.62

27,376

29,876.69 2,500.69

72,760

65,395.12

7,364.88

175.00

25.00

7,877.25

2,877.25

Water and Drainage Department, Post Office,

27,366

21,983.52

5,382.48

118,976

154,248.30 35,272.30

7,189.00

189.00

Registrar General's Department,

25,490

26,090.76

600.76

39,324.10

5,675,90

Harbour Master's Department,

58,811

61,844.46 3,033.46

285.00

15.00

Lighthouses,

14,648

10,341.22

4,306.78

120.00

10.00

Observatory,

12,852

14,495.44

1,643.44

1,000.00

200.00

Stamp Office,

4,318

4,563.32

245.32

10.00

Botanical and Afforestation Department,

21,842

22,705.52

$63.52

32,841.21 16,841.21

Legal Departments,

71,308

80.732.49 9,424.49

3,761.71 2,761.71

Ecclesiastical Department,

5,490

2,985.00

2,505.00

2,072.00

2,428.00

Education,

84,120

87,258.47 3,138.47

26,036.20

6,036.20

Medical Departments,

75,648

89,338.62 13,690.62

900.00

Magistracy,

25,124

27,045.75

1,921.75

270.00

130.00

570.00

130.00

Police,

Gaols,

227,284

244,209.28

16,925.28

57,682

59,771.40

2,089.40

407,900.00

111,100.00

Fire Brigade,

20,482

19,348,64

1,133.36

15,750.00

125.00

1,750.00 105.00

Sanitary Department,

59,792

64,996.01 5,204.01

Charitable Allowances,

5,000

8,474.10 3,474.10

50,865.11 6,865.11

Transport,

4,500

5,824.55

1,324,55

151.388.37

28,611.63

Miscellaneous Services,

124,802

133,161.30

8,359,30

...

2,130.50

1,730.50

Military Expenditure,

264,632

269,005.27 4,373.27

...

Public Works Recurrent,

115,060

115,689.12 629.12

2,220.00 109.43

220.00 9.43

1,653.30 661.91

924,50

53,00

453.30

61,91 924,50

3.00

...

2,062,00

62.00

4,189.02

189,02

4,336,00

336.00

7,177.20 7,177.20

2,637,50 1,137.50

12,372.19

627.81

570,00

370.00

549,36

450.64

5,158.30

158.30

1,351.25

648.75

6,304.40

2,896.40

705.43

205.13

16,940.00

1,940.00

50.00

12,848.78

40.00 848.78

1,698.80 203.00 81.00

1,301.20

53.00

1,119.00

2,430.00 210.00

2,430.00

7,735.80

90.00 1,264.20

883.75

83.75

1,340.00

40.00

312.75

12.75

8,645.43

1,354.57

811.07

411.07

12,342.00

342.00

430.50

130.50

NA

Cargo Boal incences,

Carriage, Chair, &c., Licences,. Chinese Passenger Ships Licences, Chinese Undertakers' Licences, Emigration Brokers' Licences,. Emigration Tenement Licences, Fines,

Forfeitures,

Hawkers' Licences, Junk Licences.

Marine Store Dealers' Licences, Marriage Licences,.............. Money Changers' Licences,

Opium Monopoly,

Pawnbrokers' Licences,..

مالی از اون لا

300

1) I 49 me 'I. A

285.00

15.00

130

120.00

10.00

1,200

1,000.00

200.00

10

10.00

16,000

32,841.21

16,841.21

1,000

3,761.71 2,761.71

4,500

2,072.00

2,428.00

20,000

26,036.20

6,036.20

Lighthouses,

Observatory,

Stamp Office,

Botanical and Afforestation Department, Legal Departments,

Ecclesiastical Department,

Education,

Medical Departments,

900

900.00

Magistracy,

400

270.00

130.00

Police,

700

570.00

130.00

Gaols,

519,000

407,900.00

111,100,00

Fire Brigade,

11,000

15,750.00

1,750.00

Shooting Licences,

Spirit Licences,

Stamps,.

Steam-Launch Licences,

20

44,000

125.00 50,865.11

105.00 6,865.11

180,000

151.388.37

28,611.63

400

2,130,50

'1,730.50

Bills of Health,

Cargo Boat Certificates,

Cemetery Burials,

FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC PUR-

POSES, AND REIMBURSEMENTS IN AID :—

Births and Deaths, Registration of...

Cemetery Fees from Public Cemeteries for Chinese,

Sanitary Department, Charitable Allowances, Transport,

Miscellaneous Services, Military Expenditure, Public Works Recurrent,

.....

2.000 100

2,220.00

109.43

220,00 9.43

1,200

1,653.30

453,30

600

661.91

61.91

924.50

924.50

Chinese Gazette, Sale of

Companies, Registration of

Convict Labour and other items,

Deeds, Registration of

Discharge of Crews and Seamen,

50

53.00

3.00

2,000

2,062.00

62.00

4,000

4,189.02

189.02

4,000

4,336.00

336.00

7,177.20

7,177.20

Examination of Masters, &c.,

Fecs of Court,

Fees on Grant of Leases.

1,500

2,637.50

1,137.50

13,000

12,372.19

627.81

200

570.00

370.00

Gaol Expenses recovered,.

1,000

549.36

450.64

Gunpowder, Storage of......

5,000

5,158.30

158.30

Householders, Registration of

2,000

1,351.25

618.75

Imperial Post Office, Contribution from

3,408

6,304.40

2,896.40

Lock Hospital, Grant-in-Aid from Admiralty,

500

705.43

205.13

Medical Examination of Emigrants,

Medical Registration Fees,

15,000 10

16,940.00

1,940.00

Medical Treatment of Sick Seamen,

12,000

50.00 12,848.78

40.00

848.78

Official Administrator, Assignee, &c.,..........

3,000

1,698.80

1,301.20

Official Signatures,

Printed Forms, Sale of

Do..

Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent for

Registry Fees, (Merchant Shipping Act), Shipping Seamen,

Sick Stoppages from Police Force, Steam-Launches, Surveyor's Certificate, Subsistence of Seamen, &c., in Gaol, Survey of Steam-Ships,..

Trade Marks, Registration of

Victoria College, Fees from Scholars,

School for Girls,

150 1,200

...

203.00

53.00

81.00

1,119.00

2,430.00

2,430.00

300 9,000

210.00

90,00

7,735.80

1,264.20

800

883.75

83.75

1,300

1,340.00

40.00

300 10,000 400 12,000

312.75

12.75

8,645.43

1,354.57

811.07

411.07

12,342.00

342.00

300

430,50

130.50

Sunday Cargo-Working Permits,

5,000,00

5,000,00

Refund of Police Pay, &c.,

1,500

2,172,63

372.63

Refund Cost of Police Stores,

1,000

1,659.47

659.47

POST OFFICE :--

Postage.......

140,000

157,699.03

17,699.03

RENT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY, LAND AND HOUSES:-

Buildings,

600

Laundries,

660.00 403.70

60.00

403.70

Lands not Leased,

9,000

8,864.60

135.40

Stone Quarries,

20,000

16,700.00

3,300.00

Leased Lands,..

170,000

189,867.44 19,867.44

Slaughter House,

40,000

37,464.00

2,536,00

Markets,

52,000

54,088,57

2,088.57

Cattle Shed,..

2,700

2,400.00

300.00

Piers...

1,100

2,207.09

1,107.09

INTEREST,

359.57

359,57

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS:~

Condemned Stores, &c.,.

1,500

3,596.13

2,096.13

Interest for use of Furniture at Government House,

150

376.57

226.57

Night Soil Contract,

20,000

20,475.00

475.00

Other Miscellaneous Receipts,

10,000

35,133.56 25,133.56

Profit on Subsidiary Coins,

80,000 68,940.65

11,059.35

TOTAL, exclusive of Land Sales and Water Account,...$ 2,044,178 2,032,244.10 | 160,683.55 | 172,617.45

LAND SALES,

WATER ACCOUNT-Ord. 16 of 1890,

TOTAL,..

Treasury, Hongkong, 10th May, 1893.

100,000 121,828.84

82,860.43

21,828.84 82,860.43

$2,144,178 2,236,933.37 | 265,372.82 | 172,617.45

Public Works, Extraordinary,

Do.

Do., defrayed

TOTAL

285.00 120.00

15.00

Lighthouses,

1,040

10.00

Observatory,

12,852

14,195.14

1,643.44

1,000.00

200.00

Stamp Office,

4.318

4,563.32

245.32

10.00

Botanical and Afforestation Department,

21,842

22,705.52

$63.52

32,841.21

16,841.21

Legal Departments,

71,308

$0.732.49 9,424.49

3,761.71

2,761.71

Ecclesiastical Department,

5,490

2,985.00

2,505.00

2,072.00

2,428.00

Education,

84,120

87,258.47

3,138.47

26,036.20 6.036.20

Medical Departments,

75,648

89,338.62 13,690.62

900.00

Magistracy,

25,124

27,045.75 1,921.75

270.00

130.00

Police,

227,284

244,209.28

16.925.28

570.00

130.00

Gaols,

57,682

59.771.40

2,089.10

407,900.00

111,100.00

Fire Brigade,

20,482

19,348.64

1,133.36

15,750.00

1,750.00

Sanitary Department,

59,792

64,996.01 5,204.01

600

000

000

000

000

700

.000

29999

2228 9888 888888888888 888888888 8 8 8 888 8888

125.00

50,865.11

105.00 6,865.11

Charitable Allowances,

5,000

8,474.10 3,474.10

Transport,

4,500

5,824.55

1,324.55

151.388.37 2,130.50

28,611.63

Miscellaneous Services,

124,802

133,161.30

8,359.30

'1,730.50

Military Expenditure,

264,632

Public Works Recurrent,

115,060

269,005.27 4,373,27 115,689.12

629.12

2,220.00

220.00

109.43

9.43

1,653.30

453.30

00

661.91

61.91

924,50

924.50

53.00

3.00

2,062.00

62.00

4,189.02

189.02

4,336,00

336.00

7,177.20 7,177.20

00

2,637.50

1,137.50

00

12,372.19

627.81

570.00

370.00

00

549.36

450.64

00

5,158.30

158.30

1,351.25

648.75

6,304.40

2,896.40

00

705.43

205.13

00

16,940.00

1,940.00

10

50.00

40.00

12,848.78

848.78

1,698.80

1,301.20

50

203.00

53.00

81.00 2,430.00

...

2,430.00

1,119.00

.00

210.00

00

7,735.80

90,00 1,264.20

:00

8$3.75

83.75

1,340.00

40.00

312.75

12.75

100

8,645.43

1,354.57

100

811.07

411.07

12,342.00

342.00

300

430.50

130.50

5,000.00

5,000.00

300

2,172.63

372.63

000

1,659.47

659.47

000

157,699.03

17,699.03

660.00

403.70

60.00 403.70

8,864.60

135.40

16,700.00

3,300.00

000

189,867.44 19,867.44

37,464.00

2,536.00

54,088,57 2,088.57

2,400.00

300.00

100

2,207.09

1,107.09

359.57

359.57

500

3,596.13

2,096.13

150

376.57

226.57

20,475.00

475.00

,000 35,133.56 25,133.56

,000

68,940.65

,178 2,032,244.10|160,683.55 | 172,617.45

11,059.35

,000

121,828.81

21,828.84

82,860.43 82,860.43

,178 | 2,236,933.37 265,372.82 | 172,617.45

1,773,918 | 1,882,474.49 | 129,815.61

21,259.12

Public Works, Extraordinary,

Do.

Do.,

defrayed from Water Account,

680,078377,502.34

219,715,23

82,860.43

TOTAL,.

.$ 2,453,996 2,342,837.26 129,815.61 240,974.35

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES,

Treasurer.

249

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE COLON

1892.

INCREASE,

DECREASE,

EXPENDITURE.

Charge on Account of Public Debt... Pensions,.

Governor and Legislature,

Colonial Secretary's Department, Audit Department,

Treasury,

Public Works Department,

Water and Drainage Department, Post Office,.

Registrar General's Department,........... Harbour Master's Department,

Lighthouses...

Observatory,

Stamp Office,

Botanical and Afforestation Departn Legal Departments,

Ecclesiastical Department,

Education,

Medical Departments, Magistracy,

Fire Brigade,.

Sanitary Department,

Charitable Allowances,

Transport,.

Miscellaneous Services,

Military Expenditure, Public Works, Recurrent, Public Works, Extraordinary,

REVENUE.

1891.

$

c.

$

C.

C.

$

C.

LIGHT DUES,

LICENCES AND INTERNAL REVENUE NOT OTHERWISE

89,656.69

92,264.70

2,608.01

SPECIFIED :—

Arms Ordinance,.

220.00

180.00

40.00

Assessed Taxes,

397,755.42

458,153.27

60,397.85

Auctioneers' Licences,

2,100.00

1,800.00

300.00

Billiard Tables and Bowling Alleys Licences,

1,050.00

1,200.00

Boarding House Licences,

150.00

175.00

Boat Licences,.

4.980.50

7,877.25

150,00 25.00 2,896.75

Cargo Boat Licences,

6,823.00

7,189.00

366.00

Carriage, Chair, &c., Licences,

21,223.20

39,324.10

Chinese Passenger Ships Licences,.

260.00

285.00

18,100.90 25.00

Chinese Undertakers' Licences,.

130.00

120.00

Emigration Brokers' Licences,.

1,200.00

1,000.00

...

10.00 200.00

Emigration Tenement Licences,

Fines,

32,630.50

32,841.21

Forfeitures,

3,313.83

3,761.71

210.71 447.88

Hawkers' Licences,...

4,340.50

2,072,00

2,268.50

Junk Licences,

22,602.50

26,036.20

3,433.70

Marine Store Dealers' Licences,

960.00

900.00

60.00

Marriage Licences,

357,00

270.00

87.00

Police,

Money Changers' Licences,

590.00

570.00

20.00

Gaol,

Opium Monopoly,.

389,900.00

407,900.00

18,000.00

Pawnbrokers' Licences,.

16,800.00

Shooting Licences,

35.00

Spirit Licences,

49,487.82

15,750,00 125.00 50,865,11

1,050.00

90.00 1,377.29

Stamps,.

172,608.21

151,388.37

21,219.84

Steami-launch Licences.....

477.50

2,130.50

1,653.00

Bills of Health,.

Examination of Masters, &c.,.

FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC

Births and Deaths, Registration of..

Cargo Boat Certificates,..

Cemetery Burials,..

Cemetery Fees from Public Cemeteries for Chinese,

Chinese Gazette, Sale of...

Companies, Registration of

Convict Labour and other items,

Deeds, Registration of

Discharge of Crews and Seamen,..

Fees of Court,

Fees on Grant of Leases,..

PURPOSES, AND REIMBURSEMENT IN AID :-

2,055.00 86.40 1,177.00

2,220.00 109.43 1,653.30

165.00

23.03

476.30

1,059.48

661.91

397.57

924.50

924.50

...

50.00

53.00

3.00

3,655.50

2,062.00

1,593.50

3,745.63.

4,189.02

443.39

3,889.00

4,336.00

447.00

7,177.20

7,177.20

1,990.00

2,037.50

647.50

14,985.23

12,372.19

2,613.01

375.00

570.00

195.00

Gaol Expenses recovered,

650.54

549.36

101.18

Gunpowder, Storage of

5,555.46

5,158.30

397.16

Householders, Registration of

1,599.75

1,351.25

248.50

Imperial Post Office, Contribution from

3,352.14

6,304.40

2,952.26

Lock Hospital, Grant-in-Aid from Admiralty,

865,57

Medical Examination of Emigrants,

14,435.50

Medical Registration Fees,....

Medical Treatment of Sick Seamen,.

14,584.17

705.43 16,940.00 50.00 12,818.78

160.14

2,504.50

50.00

1,735.39

Official Administrator, Assignee; &c.,..

3,643.04

1,698.80

1,944.24

Official Signatures,..

234.00

203.00

31.00

Printed Forms, Sale of

1,420.00

Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent for.

Registry Fees, (Merchant Shipping Act),

275.00

Shipping Seamen,

11,695.00

81.00 2,430,00 210.00 7,735,80

1,339.00

2,430.00

65.00 3,959.20

Sick Stoppages from Police Force,

1,099.74

883.75

215,99

Steam-launches, Surveyor's Certificate.

1,040.00

1,340.00

300.00

Subsistence of Seamen, &c. in Gaol,

547.57

312,75

234.82

Survey of Steam-ships,

8,643.77

8,645.43

1.66

Trade Marks, Registration of

532.20

811.07

278.87

Victoria College, Fees from Scholars,.

12,237.00

12,342.00

105.00

School for Girls, Fees from Scholars,

366.00

430.50

64.50

Sunday Cargo-Working Permits,

2,150.00

5,000.00

2,850.00

Refund of Police Pay, &c.,

2,177.15

2,172.63

4.52

Refund Cost of Police Stores, &c.,

2,303.06

1,659.47

643,59

POST OFFICE :-

Postage,

142,770,03

157,699.03

14,929.00

RENT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY, LAND AND HOUSES:

Leased Lands,

Buildings,

Laundries,

Lands not Leased,

Stone Quarries,

Slaughter House,..

449.86

8,065.56

660.00 403.70 8,864.60 18,200.00 16,700.00 180,158.25 189,867.44

210.14

403.70

799.04

1,500.00

9,709.19

40,080.00 37,164.00

2,616.00

? THE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE COLONY OF HONGKONG IN 1891 & 1892.

1892.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

EXPENDITURE.

1891.

1892.

INCREASE.

DECREASE.

$

$

C.

C.

$

C.

$

C.

$ C.

c.

92,261.70

2,608.01

Charge on Account of Public Debt,.. Pensions,.

95,140.26

105,326.16

10,185.90

52,451.24

67,086.54

14,635.30

Governor and Legislature,

42,318.64

43.803.12

1,484.18

180.00

40.00

Colonial Secretary's Department,

39,252.75

37,440.94

1,811.81

458,153.27

60,397.85

1,800.00

300.00

1,200.00

175.00

150.00 25.00

Audit Department,

Treasury,

Public Works Department,

7,812.23

9,433.38

1,621.15

22,226.97

29,876.69

7,649.72

62,839.27

65,395.12

2,555.85

Water and Drainage Department,

30,790.41

21,983.52

8,806.89

7,877.25

2,896.75

Post Office,.

140,165.01

154,248.30

14,083.29

7,189.00

39,324.10

285.00

120.00

..

1,000.00

366.00 18,100.90

25.00

10.00 200.00

Registrar General's Department,..

21,834.73

26,090.76

1,256.03

Harbour Master's Department,.

59,299.54 61,844.46

2,541.92

Lighthouses..

5,882.00

10,341.22

4,459.22

Observatory,

11,688.91

14,495.44

2,806.53

Stamp Office,

4,012.03

4,563,32

551.29

...

Botanical and Afforestation Department,

20,836.52

22,705.52

1,869,00

32,841.21

210.71

Legal Departments,

70,255,97

80,732.49

10,476.52

3,761.71

447.88

Ecclesiastical Department,

6,010.90

2,985.00

3,025.90

2,072.00

2,268.50

Education,

72,982.67

87,258.47

14,275,80

26,036.20

3,433.70

Medical Departments,

73,368,31

89,338.62

15,970.31

900.00

60.00

Magistracy,

25,454.61

27,045.75

1,591.14

270.00

87.00

Police,

224,219.68

244,209.28

19,989.60

570.00

20.00

Gaol,

54,059.66

59,771,40

5,711,74

407,900.00

18,000.00

Fire Brigade,.

17,712,39

19,348.64

1,636.25

15,750.00

1,050.00

Sanitary Department,

56,428.21

64,996.01

8,567.80

125.00

50,865.11

151,388.37

2,130.50

90.00 1,377.29

1,653.00

Charitable Allowances,

3,001.00

8,474.10

5,473.10

Transport,.....

4,083.29

5,824.55

1,741.26

21,219.84

Miscellaneous Services,

126,660.50

133,161,30

6,500.80

Military Expenditure,

421,002.01

269,005.27

151,996.74

Public Works, Recurrent,

93,283,55 115,689.12

22,405.57

Public Works, Extraordinary,

581,013.00

460,362.77

120,650.23

2,220.00

165.00

109.43

23.03

1,653.30

476.30

661.91

397.57

924.50

53.00

924.50 3.00

2,062.00

1,593.50

4,189.02

443.39

4,336.00

447.00

7,177.20

7,177,20

2,037.50

647.50

12,372.19

2,613.01

570.00

195.00

549.36

101.18

5,158.30

397.16

1,351.25

248.50

6,304.40

2,952.26

705.43

160.14

16,940.00

2,504.50

50.00

50.00

12,848.78

1,735.39

1,698.80

1,944.24

203.00

31.00

81.00

1,339,00

2,430.00

2,430.00

210.00

7,735.80

883.75

1,340.00

...

65.00

3,959.20

215.99

300.00

312.75

234.82

8,645.43

811.07

12,342.00

430.50

5,000.00

1.66 278.87 105.00 64.50 2,850,00

2,172.63

1,659.47

4.52 643.59

157,699.03

14,929.00

3

660.00 403.70

210.14

8,864.60 16,700.00

403.70 799.04

1,500.00

189,867.44

9,709.19

361600

Opium Monopoly,

Pawnbrokers' Licences,.

Shooting Licences,

Spirit Licences,

Stamps,..

Steami-launch Licences,

DOJAJU

16,800.00 35.00

**

15,750.00 125.00

1,050.00

49,487.82

50,865.11

90.00 1,377.29

172,608.21

151,388.37

21,219.84

477.50

2,130.50

1,653.00

FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC

PURPOSES, AND REIMBURSEMENT IN AID :—

Bills of Health,.

Births and Deaths, Registration of..............

2,055.00 86.40

Cargo Boat Certificates,...

1,177.00

2,220.00 109.43 1,653.30

165.00

Sanitary Department, Charitable Allowances, Transport,..

Miscellaneous Services,

Military Expenditure, Public Works, Recurrent,.

Public Works, Extraordinary, .....................................

23.03

476.30

Cemetery Burials,.

1,059.48

Cemetery Fees from Public Cemeteries for Chinese,

661.91 924.50

-

397.57

Chinese Gazette, Sale of................

50.00

53.00

924.50 3.00

Companies, Registration of

3,655,50

2,062.00

1,593.50

Convict Labour and other items,

3,745.63.

4,189.02

443.39

Deeds, Registration of

3,889.00

4,336.00

447.00

Discharge of Crews and Seamen,

7,177.20

7,177.20

Examination of Masters, &c.,

Fees of Court,

Fees on Grant of Leases,.

1,990.00

2,637.50

647.50

14,985.23

12,372.19

2,613.04

375.00

570.00

195.00

Gaol Expenses recovered,

650.54

549.36

101.18

Gunpowder, Storage of

5,555.46

5,158.30

397.16

Householders, Registration of

1,599.75

1,351.25

248.50

Imperial Post Office, Contribution from

3,352.14

6,304.40

2,952.26

Lock Hospital, Grant-in-Aid from Admiralty,

865.57

705.43

160.14

Medical Examination of Emigrants,

14,435,50

Medical Registration Fees,.

16,940.00 50.00

2,504.50

50.00

Medical Treatment of Sick Seamen,

14,584.17

12,848.78

1,735.39

Official Administrator, Assignee, &c.,..

3,643.04

1,698.80

1,944.24

Official Signatures,.

Printed Forms, Sale of

Private Moorings and Buoys, Rent for.

Registry Fees, (Merchant Shipping Act), Shipping Seamen,

Sick Stoppages from Police Force, Steam-launches, Surveyor's Certificate. Subsistence of Seamen, &c. in Gaol,

Survey of Steam-ships,

...

234.00

203.00

31.00

1,420.00

81.00

1,339.00

275.00

11,695.00

2,430.00 210.00 7,735.80

2,430.00

1,099.74

883.75

65.00 3,959.20 215.99

1,040.00

1,340.00

300.00

547.57

312.75

234.82

8,643.77

8,645.43

1.66

Trade Marks, Registration of

532.20

811.07

278.87

Victoria College, Fees from Scholars,

12,237.00

12,342.00

105.00

...

School for Girls, Fees from Scholars,

366.00

430.50

64,50

Sunday Cargo-Working Permits,

2,150.00

5,000.00

2,850,00

Refund of Police Pay, &c.,

2,177.15

2,172.63

Refund Cost of l'olice Stores, &c.,

2,303.06

1,659.47

4.52 643.59

POST OFFICE :—

Postage,

142,770.03

157,699.03

11,929.00

RENT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY, LAND AND HOUSES:-

Buildings,

449.86

660.00

210.14

Laundries,

403.70

403.70

Lands not Leased,

8,065.56

8,864.60

799.04

Stone Quarries,

18,200.00

16,700.00

1,500.00

Leased Lands,

180,158.25

189,867.44

9,709.19

Slaughter House,.

40,080.00

37,464.00

2,616.00

Markets,

53,514.96 54,088.57

573.61

Cattle Shed,

2,760.00

2,400.00

360.00

Piers,

1,980.00

2,207.09

227.09

INTEREST,

2,021.39

359,57

1,661.82

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS :--

Codemned Stores, &c.,

1,557.64

3,596.13

2,038.49

Interest for use of Furniture at Government House,

768.82

376.57

392.25

Night Soil Contract,

19,710.00

20,475.00

735.00

Other Miscellaneous Receipts,

19,514.26

35,133.56

15,619.30

Profit on Subsidiary Coins..

73,347.09

68,940.65

4,406.44

LAND SALES,

51,761.47

121,828,84 70,067.37

WATER ACCOUNT,

66,486.61

82,860.43 16,373.82

TOTAL,..

.$ 2,025,302.512,236,933.37

263,506,55

51,875.69

TOTAL

Deduct Decrease,

.$ 51,875,69

Nett Increase,

.$ 211,630.86

Treasury, Hongkong, 10th May, 1893.

407,900.00

15,750.00

1,050.00

125.00

50,865.11

90.00 1,377.29

Fire Brigade,

Sanitary Department, Charitable Allowances, Transport,.......

14,012,39

19,348.64

1,036.25

56,428.21

61,996.01

8,567.80

3,001.00

8,474.10

5,473.10

4,083.29

151,388.37

21,219.84

Miscellaneous Services,

5,824,55

1,741.26

2,130.50

1,653.00

126,660,50

133,161.30

Military Expenditure,

6,500.80

421,002.01

269,005.27

Public Works, Recurrent,

151,996.74

Public Works, Extraordinary,

2,220.00

165,00

93,283,55 115,689.12 22,405.57 581,013,00 460,362,77

120,650.23

109.43

1,653.30

23.03 476.30

661.91

397.57

924.50

53.00

924.50 3.00

2,062.00

4,189.02

4,336.00

7,177.20

2,637.50

12,372.19 570.00 549.36

...

443.39 447.00

7,177.20

647.50

***

195.00

1,593.50

2,613.04

101.18

5,158.30 1,351.25

***

397.16

248.50

6,304.40

2,952.26

705.43

160.14

16,940.00 50.00

12,818.78 1,698.80 203.00 81.00

...

2,504.50

...

50.00

1,735.39 1,944.24

31.00

1,339,00

2,430,00

2,430.00

210.00

65.00

7,735.80

3,959.20

883.75

215.99

1,340.00

300,00

234.82

1.66

312.75

8,645.43

811.07

12,342.00

430.50 5,000.00 2,172.63 1,659.47

157,699.03

278.87 105.00 64.50 2,850,00

...

14,929.00

4.52 643.59

660.00 403.70

210.14

403.70

8,864.60

799.04

16,700.00

1,500.00

189,867.44

9,709.19

37,464.00

2,616.00

54,088.57

573.61

2,400.00

360.00

2,207.09

227.09

359.57

1,661.82

3,596.13

2,038.49

376.57

392.25

20,475,00

735.00

35,133.56 15,619.30

68,910,65

4,406.44

121,828.84 70,067.37

82,860.43 16,373.82

2,236,933.37 263,506,55 51,875.69

51,875.69

211,630.86

TOTAL,..

2,419,086.26 | 2,342,837.26

180,042,57 286,291.57

Deduct Increase,

180,042.57

Nett Decrease,.

106,249.00

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES, Treasurer.

HONGKONG.

REPORT OF THE SANITARY SURVEYOR FOR 1892

93

No.

6

93

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 8th March, 1893.

.

1892.

SANITARY BOARD OFFICE, HONGKONG, January 26th, 1893.

SIR,-I have the honour to forward you the following report for the year ending December 31st,

1. The tables given below shew :—

(a) The work carried out during the past year.

(b) The work carried out since the passing of the Public Health Ordinance.

Table A.

No. of Houses

YEAR.

No. of Houses Re-drained.

No. of Houses Plans of which have been cancelled.

Total.

for which Plans have been received.

No. of Houses in hand.

1891,

80

1892, 1st Quarter,.

63

-2nd

131

14

12

""

-3rd

158

***

*:::

74

154

198

...

""

""

-4th

145

497

18

32

529

693

"

Totals,.........

577

...

44

...

164

106

683

891

208

Table B.

YEAR.

No. of Houses for which Plans have been received.

No. of Houses re-drained.

No. of Houses Plans of which have been cancelled.

No. of Houses carried forward each year.

No. of New Houses certificated.

1889,

1890,

1891,

1892, ........

Totals,..

799

573

500

529

681

643

693

577

106

87888

226

175

190

409

30

198

475

208

228

2,673

2,322

143

1,287

2. Referring first to Table A. It will be seen that of the one hundred and ninety eight (198) houses incomplete at the close of 1891, eighty (80) have been finished and the plans for seventy- four (74) cancelled, leaving forty-four (44) to carry forward to 1893.

3. Of the six hundred and ninety-three (693) houses, plans for the re-drainage of which were received and duly passed in 1892, four hundred and ninety-seven (497) are finished, and the plans of thirty-two (32) have been cancelled leaving one hundred and sixty-four (164) to carry forward, which with the forty-four (44) of 1891 makes a total of two hundred and eight (208).

4. The drainage plans of a large number of houses have been cancelled during the past year; these have in almost every instance been those of new buildings and more than two-thirds (3) were deposited during or previous to the year 1891. They have been cancelled in consequence of fresh plans being deposited chiefly owing to alterations in the building plans.

94

5. Table B gives a summary of the work which has been carried out under the superintendence of the Sanitary Survey or since the passing of the Public Health Ordinance. The year 1892 which has just passed, compares favourably with previous years, the record of drainage plans of houses received and the number of houses re-drained being much the same. The decrease during the year in the number of houses certified under Section 74 of the Public Health Ordinance, which appears in the last column, seems to point to a return to a normal state after the exceptional activity in building operations obtaining during the years 1890 and 1891.

6. The total number of houses in Hongkong and Kowloon (including the villages and Hill District) is approximately eleven thousand, six hundred and fifty (11,650). Two thousand three hundred and twenty-two (2,322) have been drained in accordance with the Bye-laws, and one thousand two hundred and eighty-seven (1,287) are certificated, the former being 20 % of the total number and the latter 11%.

7. Special attention has been paid to the condition of the down-pipes and cook-house floors. In the old houses the former are almost invariably constructed with the common Chinese clay-pipes, without any sockets; no jointing material has been used in fixing them and they are merely plastered over, the walls to which they are fixed being generally saturated in consequence of such defects; added to this they are frequently broken off to a height of 2 or 3 feet from the ground. It is by no means an uncommon occurrence to find the pipes completely choked by the dirt, vegetable refuse, &c., which has been forced into them.

8. In all cases of re-drainage care has been taken that these down-pipes should be renewed, with heads fixed at all inlets, gratings being fixed inside the cook-houses to prevent the new pipes being choked by refuse which they are not intended to take.

9. The cook-house floors have also received my careful attention. Where they are paved the paving usually consists of red tiles or flags carelessly laid and imperfectly jointed, but many instances have come under my notice where nothing but the rough earth forms the floor.

10. The red tiles are in my opinion too soft for the purpose; they wear in the centre of each tile, forming small basins which hold the water thrown on to the floor. Owing too to their soft nature the tiles become much broken by the chopping of wood which is usually performed in the cook-house. I believe that where these tiles are used the life of the floor might be considerably lengthened by providing a piece of stone in some corner of the cook-house where the tenant could chop his wood. Hard stone seems to me the only material which will effectually resist constant wear of this nature.

11. During the past year permission has been granted to connect the water-closets at the Mount Austin Hotel, Hongkong Hotel (New Wing) and French Sanitarium at Pokfulam to the house-drains; these connections are now completed. In consequence of these applications and of the progress made in the main sewerage of the city, bye-laws were drawn up under Section 3 of Ordinance 12 of 1891 to regulate the construction materials and fittings of water-closets and these bye-laws were approved by the Legislative Council on November 30th. I would venture to hope that owners and occupiers of property will see the advantages and appreciate the improved state of domestic sanitation to be obtained by the more general introduction of the water-carriage system in place of the existing pail system, and that in the course of the next few years the latter will have entirely disappeared, at least in all European houses.

12. The records which were started in 1888 have been maintained and are complete to date.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

The Secretary

SANITARY BOARD.

J. ROWLAND Crook,

Sanitary Surveyor.

1

213

No. 16

93

HONGKONG.

SANITARY SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 25th May, 1893.

To the President and Members of the

SANITARY Board.

SANITARY BOARD ROOM, HONGKONG, 25th March, 1893.

GENTLEMEN,-I have the honour to submit this the fourth annual report, year 1892, concerning the work done by the Sanitary Department.

DRAINAGE Works.

2. In addition to the work carried out by property owners of their own motion a considerable number of houses which were found on inspection to be in an insanitary condition have been re-drained at the request of the Board. I append a tabular statement (A) showing:-

(a) The locality in which the houses so found to be insanitary are situated.

(b) The number of houses so found at each such locality.

(c) The houses so found for which plans for their re-drainage have been submitted. (d) The houses so found at which the work of re-drainage has been completed.

The statement also shows those houses the drains of which were found defective prior to 1892 and the owners of which have not yet re-drained them.

3. Although not to the same extent as in 1891 yet it has frequently happened during the year that comparatively new pipe drains have become choked and this has in most instances occurred through their misuse. The quiet but persistent manner in which Chinese servants will pass solid matters into the drains is the primary cause of the choking of the drains. The iron gratings covering the inlets to the drains are frequently broken by them so that solids may more readily be passed into the drains. Inasmuch as the object of these gratings is to keep solids of any size from entering the drains their breakage at any house simply means that either the tenant or the owner of such house will soon be put to considerable expense in clearing the drains, which expense is not unfrequently greater than it should be, and this arises mainly through the want of skill on the part of those under- taking to do work which they do not properly understand.

MARKETS AND SLAUGHTER HOUSES.

4. The new slaughter-house for the Kau-lung District was opened in July and adequately meets all the requirements of the District. When the depôt for the reception of animals imported into the Peninsula for slaughtering purposes has been provided the needs of the district,-so far as proper provision for the control of the meat supply therein is concerned,-will be fairly well met.

5. On the 28th March, the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon reported an outbreak of Rinderpest among some cattle on their importation into Kau-lung. The Board met the same day and gave directions for the diseased animals to be destroyed. The whole of the Peninsula was declared a place infected with Cattle Plague and the necessary steps were at once taken to give effect to this declaration. No further cases of Rinderpest occurring, Kau-lung was declared to be free from that disease on the 7th April. I think there can be no question but the prompt action taken was the means of preventing the spread of this virulent disease to other animals in the Colony and consequently was a great boon to the various cattle owners and a direct saving to the rate-payers.

6. Only a very few cases of disease other than those just referred to werer eported during the year and none of them were of a character requiring special action to be taken.

7. Thirty sheds capable of housing 849 head of cattle, eight sheds capable of housing 267 head of goats and 299 pens capable of housing 1,714 head of swine were licensed during the year. With the exception of two temporary sheds at Wong-nai-chung all the cow-sheds in the Colony have been licensed. A few head of cattle are kept for agricultural purposes in some of the outlying villages where no licensed sheds exist but the animals do not appear to be housed although in very wet weather they may be placed temporarily in some of the houses in the villages. So far as is known all the goats in the Colony are now kept in licensed sheds or pens. A very great many swine-pens are still unlicensed but the law is being gradually enforced and by the end of 1893 it is hoped that most of the pens will be so constructed as to entitle them to be licensed.

214

8. The sheep and swine imported for slaughter are still kept in houses in the Sai-ying-poon district and this must continue pending the construction of the public depôts at Kennedy Town. These temporary places are not licensed.

MORTALITY STATISTICS.

9. The attached tabular statements (B) show:--

(a) The death-rate for 1892 for

1. The British and Foreign community.

2. The Chinese community on land in each Registration District.

3. The Chinese community afloat in each Registration District.

4. The Chinese community on land in the Colony.

5. The Chinese community afloat in the Colony.

6. The total Chinese community in the Colony.

7. The British, Foreign and Chinese community combined-Army and Navy excluded. (b) The number of deaths occurring under each of the seven groups into which it has been deemed expedient-in view of the system of death registration in vogue--to classify in the summary the causes of death.

(c) The total number of deaths occurring among the British and Foreign community in each month of each year--1888 to 1892 both inclusive--under six disease groups. These groups are the same as in (b) only 6 and 7 groups are amalgamated.

(d) The same as (c) but for the Chinese community.

(e) The total number of deaths occurring in the Colony-those in the Army and Navy excluded in each month for the past six years together with the death-rate for the estimated population.

10. The attached diagrams show :-

(a) The number of deaths which occurred each month under each of the groups referred to

above.

(b) The mean temperature for each month. ·

(c) The rainfall for each month.

(d) The number of deaths registered during each month of the years 1888 to 1892 as also

the mean temperature and rainfall.

11. It will be observed that the number of deaths registered during 1892 is very considerably less than in 1891 and that a decrease appears under all the group headings except "Other Causes" where there is an increase of 88. The principal decrease appears under the headings Fevers (182) and Bowel complaints (192).

12. The decrease in the number of deaths recorded as occurring from fevers is deserving of special attention chiefly because of the widely believed theory that soil disturbance, even when the soil is practically of a purely mineral character is the, or rather one of the, principal factors in the causation of malarial fevers. During the year under review there has been a very great deal of soil disturbance more especially in Kau-lung, yet the deaths recorded from fevers have been less than usual. It is no doubt true that the number of deaths caused by any particular disease is not a thoroughly reliable index to the number of cases of sickness that may have occurred but it is an index and the only one which we at present possess so far as the Chinese community is concerned. It is perfectly clear that some important factor in the causation of malignant malarial fevers has been during 1892 less powerful than usual and it is quite evident that that factor is not that a smaller quantity than usual of soil disturbance has taken place.

13. The death-rates for the year have been calculated from the figures obtained by the Census taken in May, 1891, plus an estimated increase to the population since then. This estimated increase to the population is based on the average annual increase which has been shown to have taken place between the years 1857 and 1891. It is somewhat doubtful if this rate of increase has been maintained during the past year, but in the absence of proof to the contrary it appears to me to be the only estimate of the population which can fairly be given.

14. In considering the death-rate the nature of the population should be remembered i.e. it is not a normal population, but a population in which the male sex in the prime of life largely predominates.

215

15. The number of deaths registered as occurring from infantile convulsive diseases and marasmus is again more than a fourth of the total deaths registered during the year. A large majority of the deaths registered as being caused by these diseases occurred during the first month of life and nearly all during the first year. As remarked last year this relatively large infantile mortality indicates insanitary conditions in the surroundings, nursing or treatment of the infants in some form.

16. The remarks made in my report for 1890 with reference to the registration of the actual causes of death are still applicable inasmuch as no improvement, so far as the Chinese community is concerned, has taken place in this branch of death registration. This is, in my opinion, to be regretted for it may, nay probably will, lead to the expenditure of a considerable sum of money in organizing hurriedly a temporary medical service to meet as far as possible the requirements of the Colony should it be visited by cholera or other virulent communicable disease and should such disease assume the proportions of an epidemic throughout the Colony. This is viewing the question from a financial stand-point. The more important points of obtaining fairly reliable information regarding the diseases which actually cause the deaths which occur and the affording the people we govern facilities for the rational treatment of the diseases from which they suffer are referred to in previous reports.

HEALTH DISTRICTS.

17. Cemeteries.--The bye-laws for regulating the Cemeteries came into force on the 1st January, 1892. It was anticipated that the public Cemeteries for Chinese would have been laid out by then in the manner indicated by the bye-laws, but unfortunately this was not done and some inconvenience and expense has been the result. However, no hitch of importance has arisen and steps are now being taken to lay out these Cemeteries.

18. The following are the number of burials which have taken place up to the 31st December, 1892, in each of the public Cemeteries for Chinese since they were placed under the charge of the Sanitary Department in February, 1892, viz. :-

Mount Davis Cemetery,.

Mount Caroline Cemetery, Kau-lung Cemetery, Shau Ki Wan Cemetery,

Aberdeen Cemetery,

Stanley Cemetery,

Shek-Ŏ Cemetery,

.....

Total,

547 burials

278

""

321

""

155

,,

148

31

""

3

""

1,483 burials

19. During the same period the fees collected amounted to $924.50 and the total expenditure in connection with the Cemeteries amounted to $1,896.70. Through the Cemeteries not being laid out the great majority of the burials have been made in the free section. It is too early to express a decided opinion as to the success of this new departure in the management of the Cemeteries, but that it is a move in the right direction appears to me to be beyond question and one which I feel sure commends itself to the Chinese Community.

20. Laundries.-The Board was informed in March that the first set of public laundries were nearly ready for occupation and steps were taken with a view to letting them. Six public washermen entered into occupation of six of the laundries on the 1st of June. One of the six gave up his tenancy at once and two others at the end of the first month's occupation. The other three are still in occupation of a laundry each. Seven of the laundries are vacant and I am inclined to think they will remain vacant so long as public streams can be used free of charge for the business purposes of public washermen and while the ironing and dressing of clothing so washed is permitted in the bed-rooms of the washermen. 21. Bakeries.—A special report on the sanitary condition of the bake-houses in Victoria was made in March. This report led to the making of bye-laws for regulating bake-houses. These bye-laws did not come into force during 1892.

22. Common Lodging Houses.--The bye-laws for licensing and regulating these are in abeyance pending the fixing of a day by the Board on which they will come into force.

23. Infectious Disease.-Seventy-one cases of small-pox were reported during the year, viz.:-9 cases from ships in the Harbour, 2 from the Eastern, 15 from the Central, 41 from the Western health districts of Victoria, 3 in Kaulung and 1 in the Hill district. In every case on shore the disinfection of the premises in which it occurred as well as of the bedding, clothing, etc. was carried out as far as practic- able under present conditions.

24. Three cases of hydrophobia were reported all of which ended fatally. One of these cases was not seen by any qualified medical practitioner and although the death is recorded as having resulted from hydrophobia, I doubt very much if the person ever suffered from this disease.

216

25. One case of Choleraic Diarrhoea was reported and it ended fatally.

26. Two cases of Diphtheria were reported and both ended fatally. In one instance the disease appears to have been contracted in the Colony, in the other it is clear that it was contracted elsewhere as the person was found to be suffering from the disease on arrival here.

27. A native of Stanley was found to be suffering from leprosy and arrangements were made by which the leper was transferred to a so-called lepers home in the neighbourhood of Canton. The hut in which the leper lived was demolished and everything combustible was burned.

28. Contracts.-The following contracts expired or were about to expire in 1892, viz. :----

1. The City Conservancy Contract.

2. The City Scavenging Contract.

3. The City Animal Manure Contract. 4. The Kau-lung Scavenging Contract.

5. The Shau Ki Wan Scavenging Contract. 6. The Aberdeen Scavenging Contract.

7. The Stanley Scavenging Contract.

29. In each instance before tenders for these new Contracts were called for the specifications were carefully considered and amended as the experience gained during the past three years showed to be desirable.

30. The tenders accepted for the new Contracts are very much more advantageous than those accepted in 1889 and 1890. The sums to be received annually amount to $23,280 as against $19,740 received under the old Contracts i.e. an increase of $3,540 a year. The sums to be paid annually amount to $25,680 as against $29,820 under the old Contracts i.e. a decrease of $4,140 a year. In addition to these Contracts there are also the Slaughter-house and Cattle-depôt Contracts both of which were let for 1893 for $40,236 and $2,460 respectievly as against $37,464 and $2,400 respecti- vely for 1892, i.e. an increase to be received of $2,832. It will be observed that in letting these contracts, amounting in the aggregate to a money value of $91,656, there is a money gain of $10,512 a year compared with the sums received and paid under the old contracts. If the work to be done under these new contracts is performed in the same satisfactory manner that the work under the old contracts was done then the letting of these can only be viewed as being highly satisfactory.

STAFF.

31. The following changes, etc., took place during the year :-

32. Surveyor.-Mr. J. R. CROOK, Civil Engineer, was appointed in February Sanitary Surveyor, vice Mr. F. A. COOPER who had been appointed Director of Public Works.

33. Senior Inspector of Nuisances.-Mr. J. R. GERMAIN, owing to ill-health, was granted four months vacation leave of absence and subsequently three and a half months leave of absence on half pay. During the absence of Mr. GERMAIN, the duties of Senior Inspector were performed by Mr. J. J. CLERIHEW.

34. Assistant Inspector of Markets.-Owing to the long and serious illness of Mr. GEO. RAE, the duties of this post were performed during the whole of the year by Mr. WM. FISHER who was appointed, permanently, Assistant Inspector of Markets when Mr. RAE was invalided as unfit for further service in October. Very soon after being invalided Mr. RAE died. He was an intelligent steady and trust- worthy official who had been in the service of the Colony for a little over twenty years.

35. Inspectors of Nuisances.-Police Constable HENRY SMITH acted for Mr. WM. FISHER in the eastern health district from January till October when he left the service having secured a more lucrative appointment in Hankow. Mr. GALBRAITH MOFFAT was appointed to the post rendered vacant by the transference of Mr. WM. FISHER to the markets. Police Constable R. PATTERSON acted for Mr. CLERIHEW in the western health aistrict of Victoria for two and a half months.

36. Market Watchmen.-J. NORONHA absconded, MAHOMET ALLI and SEETHA RAM were dismissed. A. B. SOUZA and CHUNAM SHAH were appointed.

37. Market Scavengers.--One died, two resigned and one was dismissed. Four other men were appointed to the vacancies thus created.

I am,

Gentlemen,

Your obedient Servant,

HUGH MCCALLUM, Sanitary Superintendent.

217

Table A.

Return showing the houses the drains of which have been opened and inspected under the provisions of the Health

Ordinance during the year 1892, and the owners thereof requested to re-drain them.

Street.

Lot. No.

No. of Houses.

If plans submitted.

If work completed.

Remarks.

Mosque Street,

Inland 347, 345A.,

12

344 & 717.

Queen's Road Central,..

Inland 25.

00

Fuk San Lane,

Inland 747.

Yes.

Yes.

""

""

No.

Kitchen floors not yet

repaired.

Yes.

Bonham Strand,

Jervois Street,

Marine 6.

Do.

7

33

25

Tung On Lane,....

Inland 100a.

10

"

""

Hollywood Road, ·

Inland 60.

4

:

39

""

Lower Lascar Row,

Inland 70A. & 166.

10

""

""

East Street,

Inland 26.

12

A

""

U-Yam Lane,

Do.

6

>>

""

Jervois Street,

Inland 202.

4

19

""

Queen's Road Central,

Do.

4

وو

39

Pok-fu-lam Road,....

Inland 747.

7

Pottinger Street,

Marine 14.

16

Chinese Street,.

Do.

16

Queen's Road Central,....

Do.

4

Praya Central,

Do.

6

"

"

Graham Street,......

Inland 112 & 113.

10

5

Market Street,

Inland 406 & 407.

12

No.

Tank Lane,

Inland 277.

3

35

Square Street,.

Do.

3

وو

Market Street,

Inland 701.

6

""

""

Pound Lane,

Do.

11.

""

3

Fuk On Lane,

Ping On Hong,..

Possession Street,.

Hollywood Road,

Queen's Road Central,..

Do.

7

وو

Inland 701A.

CC

"

Inland 212 A., B.,

15

A

& C., & 568.

Inland 568.

1

"

"

Inland 619.

10

Yes, for eastern Yes, eastern half. Inspected prior to 1892.

half.

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Sanitary Superintendent.

Tables B.

MORTALITY STATISTICS,

For the Year 1892.

219

BRITISH AND FOREIGN COMMUNITY.

The whole Colony, Death Rate, Civil Population,.....

20.7-per 1,000 per annum.

:

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

Victoria Registration District, Death Rate,-Land Population,

23.9

per 1,000 per annum.

Boat

7.2

}}

""

""

Kaulung

Land

14.0

>>

""

""

34

""

2

Boat

25.0

Shaukiwán

39

Land

15.7

"

"}

""

Boat

""

19

"

""

24.5

Aberdeen,

Land

""

>>

:)

20.3

""

""

"

Boat

28.4

""

""

"}

Stanley

""

Land

""

""

32.61

Boat

27

""

29

....

12.3

The whole Colony,

Land

22.4

Boat

""

15.3

""

"}

:

SANITARY BOARD ROOM,

HONGKONG, 31st January, 1893.

Land and Boat Population, 21.4

British, Foreign & Chinese

Community, excluding 21.3 Army and Navy,...........

""

""

HUGH MCCALLUM, Secretary.

220

A SUMMARY OF DEATHS AND THEIR CAUSES REGISTERED

EUROPEAN AND FOREIGN

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

COMMUNITY.

Civil.

Army. Navy.

DISEASE.

Esti-

Esti-

Esti-

mated

mated

mated

Popula- tion.

Strength. Strength.

7,000

...

Convulsive

J

Infantile (Convulsions,

10

5

...

:

Diseases,

Trismus Nascentium, .

Throat Affections,

J Acute,

1

3

...

GO

...

Chronic,

...

...

...

Acute,

16

2

Chest Affections,

Chronic,

19

...

...

Cholera,

Cholera Nostras,

Cholera Infantum,.....

Bowel Complaints,

Diarrhoea,

Choleraic,

""

Dysentery,

...

...

...

3

3

...

...

2

6

...

...

:

...

:

Colic,

...

...

Remittent,

3

9

...

Malarial,

Intermittent,

...

...

...

Simple Continued,

Fevers, Puerperal,.

Typhoid,

...

Exanthe-

Measles,

...

matous,

Small-pox,

1

...

Marasmus,

Other Causes,

...

1

VICTORIA DISTRICT.-

Sokonpo.

Bowrington.

Wantsai.

Hawan.

Sheungwan.

Chungwan.

Táip'ingshan.

Estimated Population,

ما

...

CO

6

16

...

...

7 48

1 479

6 108 157

204 21

1

...

...

...

9 3

2 23

120

1

41

46

9 109

354

...

...

2

...

...

...

5

Co

9

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

2

71

3

58

...

...

1

46

...

...

...

6

Co

1

10

7

LO

5

7

3 13

96

1

2 163

1 13

69

...

:

...

...

...

...

...

1

...

1

...

...

...

...

91

10

8

12 3 15

29

TOTAL,................................ 145

SANITARY BOARD ROOM,

HONGKONG, 31st January, 1893.

30

9

56

200

5

1

...

1

1.

...

1 35

169

7 152 475

88 846

29 808 1,440

DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1892.

CHINESE COMMUNITY.

DIVISION.

Saiyingpun.

Shektongtsui.

Kennedytown.

Estimated Population.

Harbour.

154,500

7

...

Kaulung Sháukiwán

Aberdeen

District.

District.

District.

Stanley District.

Estimated Population.

Estimated Population.

Estimated Population.

Estimated Population.

Land. Boat.

Land. Boat. Land. Boat. Land. Boat.

18,350 21,800 6,450 7,700 3,830 2,900 3,980 950 570

TOTAL.

221

GRAND TOTAL.

67

1 1

12

31

10

5

10

3

8

15

2

...

491

1,212

2

1

1

4

721

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

1

2

...

...

5

:

...

...

...

...

7

2

...

...

...

26

97

1

13

...

...

:.

12

41

1

275

1,204

8 3 59

72

30

18

13

12

11

9

2

929

...

...

...

...

...

3

1

6

CO

...

:

:

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

25

...

...

4

...

...

14

...

...

23

20

...

...

2

...

...

...

...

:.

:

2

6

...

...

...

...

2

1

2

...

...

...

...

237

308

1

69

1

.

10

1

4

39

34

129

...

...

...

...

...

17

4

...

9

6

2

10

12

8

10

3

1

215

12

2

...

1

91

44

6

10

5

12

20

4

447

1

838

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

10

5

...

143

...

...

5

LOO

...

:

:

1

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

10

5

31

78

62

12

7

5

...

...

...

...

...

2

...

44

...

...

...

170

170

6

4

4

1,167

1,167

394

21

10

133

306 161

121

94

59 113

31

7

4,906 4,906

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Secretary.

Sanitary Board Room, Hongkong, 31st January, 1893.

MONTH.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

'1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS.—(EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, CIVIL.)

Infantile Convul- Throat Affections. Chest Affections. Bowel Complaints.

sive Diseases.

Fevers.

Other Causes.

Total Deaths.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

January,

February,

1

:

March,

1

1

April,.

2

May,

:

3 1

June,

2

1

:

...

1

2

:

July,

...

لسر

1

1

August,

September,

3 1 2 1

2

1

:

1

:

...

:

:

:

...

:

1

1

***

1

1

1

...

:

1 2

61811

3

2

...

4

2 3 2

2 6 315

3 2 3 7 5 2

1

2 1

24

++

2

:

:

:

12

...

3

8

11

9 40

13

12 19

6

Co

12 3

5

10

11

15 15 7

15

:

~

H

2 4

2

4 6 1

4 16 2

:

:

:

لسر

1

1 1

1

...

1

2

2

4 2 6

1

:

-

:

+

-

LO

LO

8

6

Co

15 12 15

8

4

4

13

11

9

8

00

:

4

9 6

CO

8

6 13

14 14 12

12 74.8 23.9 21.7 33.3 20.7 16 28.0 27.6 12.7 26.2 27.6

8 28.0 22.0 27.1 13.9 13.8

17 20.5 16.5 14.1| 14.0 29.2

13 24.2 25.6 25.2 21.0 22.3

ลง

I

9

5

8

6

CO

October,.....

November,......

December,

1 1 2 1

1 1 1

...

1

...

I 2

ANG

:

:

:.

:

:

:..

:

.:.

:

:

:

:

...

...

3

3

Co

:

N

10

1

3 1 2

1

1

613

4

2 2

3

3

2

1 7

510

6

Co

1

9

...

7

4

13 7 23 19

888

7 29 9

18

14

14 53.9 16.5 32.4 22.6 24.0

16

21

11 42.7 35.3 28.8 36.6 18.9

HA

:

1 2

2 1

1

2

2 4 2

1

1

-J

7

9 11

10 7 16 17

3

2

2 1 2

~J

7

6

8

8

00

7 16

10 17

2220

14

12 29.7 31.0 35.9 24.3 20.6

10 14 29.6 18.2 30.5 17.4 23.9

03

4 3 2 1

1 1

2 Ι

1

8

5

12

7

CO

8 14

:

:

...

Ι

...

1

1

5

...

3 3 2

:

...

I 2

1

...

:

...

3

:

3

2 6 5

4

233

14 22 12

:

...

...

:

3

3

10

2

2

2

:

3 1

5

10

11

5

10

8 7 10 17

13 13

8 18

12 25.9 25.5 39.4 20.8 20.5 814.8 7.3 23.3 22.5 13.7 818.4 30.8 14.3 31.1 13.6

Total,..

11 710 7 6

3

1

...

1

3 25 21 44 | 33 | 35 | 45 19 12 12 5 49 22 28 20 480

1892.

1888.

81 81 91 92 210 153 171 164 145 32.3 23.0 25.5| 23,8| 20.7

HUGH MCCALLUM, Secretary.

Death-rate per 1,000

per Annum.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

222

Sanitary Board Room, Hongkong, 31st January, 1893.

MONTH.

Infantile Convul-

sive Diseases.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS.-(CHINESE COMMUNITY.)

Throat Affections. Chest Affections. Bowel Complaints.

Fevers.

Other Causes.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

Total Deaths.

95 91 745 296 217 418 372 50.3 19.5 20.5 24.1 20.7

60 108 118 457 269 262 484 437 30.7 17.7 16.9 27.7 24.2

90106 298 292 317 | 388 | 380 | 20.8 19.2 20.4 22.2 21.0 71 92 300 319 335 324 367 20.1 20.9 21.4 18.5 20.3 92| 105 | 446 | 407 | 341 370 | 417 | 29.9| 26.7 21.8 21.1 23.0 83 92803 444434 | 414 | 403 | 53.9 29.0 27.7 23.5 22.2 84 127 107 | 573 454 401 | 566 | 364 | 38.4 30.3| 25.6 32.1 19.9 79 102 86483|396|385|549|384|32.2 25.8 24.5 30.9 21.0 54 83 85 113 472 368 424 447 | 431 | 31.4 23.9 27.0 25.1 23.5 83 94 489 | 413 444 421 | 378 32.4 26.8 28.2 24.0 20.6

73 121

08106 1 91 83 83 98 54145 42 38 82 27 88 108 106 106 66 57 100 75 58 74101 90 54 49 32 94 30 95 93115123 74 115 75

January,

138 67 94 81 72 1

February,.

89 76 59 81117 2

...

:

سا

لسم

:

...

:

March,..

73 87 67 76 73 2 1

N

86 81 76132125

77 70 75152|129 17 18 15 34 17180 46 52 109 56 92 59 82 78 96121118 28 19 16 24 13 61 54 82 75 70

28

25

28

24

22406

61

51

85 62

86

623893

67

8

52

53

56

April,.

55 97 76 68 84 1 1 3 1 1 82 68112 110 100 34 17 15 19 23 58 62 62

55 67

70 74

*

67

May,

95133 90114112

...

:

1

93

1 2 103 71 87 80 95 77 22 29 15 20 78 88 61 68 83

93

73

June,

118126115119128 1

1

130 85 69 80 79311 40 51 39 31 122105109 92

88

89

8 5 2 88

July,

August,

September,

October,.......

November,..

December,

56120 90 152109 1

85 129

144121 85129104

139 119 103 126144 2

125 130 119 126 94 1

1

1

...

:

:

:

:

:

93107 56107] 82

1

2

1

...

:

ลง

1

:

:..

:

87 84 76 84 87 1

2

:

...

...

86 73 80 93 80 55 33 37 50 25 89 89121 93

99 77 80 90 89 44 34 38 39 29108 78125 82 72 94 90 94 90 85 38 42 30 34 21 69109 91 74 61| 82 90112 98123 25 27 24 25 36 72 54 74 86 73 69 53

112

93

82

87

8 No 8

*

89

6898

28

74

Total,...

1,212 1,267 1,030 1,263 1,206 12 8

CO

99 89 383 437 346 404 | 338 | 25.4| 28.3| 21.9 22.6 18.3 73 105 134 336 310 359 398 453 22.2 20.0 22.7 22.2 24.5

4 1,087 924 1,038 1,245 1,167 856 368 353 479 294 1,426 947 1,049 1,048 826 1,057 891 887 1,140 1,227 5,785 4,405, 4,365 5,183 4,724 32.7 24.5 23.3 24.5 21.4

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

1888.

1889.

1890.

1891.

1892.

HUGH MCCALLUM, Secretary.

223

Death-Rate per 1,000

per Annum.

Table showing the Total Deaths for each Month in the Years 1887 to 1892 inclusive and the Death-rate for estimated Population, (Army and Navy excluded).

REMARKS.

224

Estimated Population,

182,500 187,000 192,000 197,000 218,800| 225,500

DEATH-RATE PER 1,000 PER ANNUM.

Year,

1887. 1888. 1889. 1890.

1891.

1892.

1887. 1888. | 1889. | 1890. 1891. | 1892.

1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. | 1892.

January,

302

785

309

329

437

384

February,

289

472

284

269

500

19.9 50.4 19.3 20.0 453 19.0 30.3 17.8 16.4

March,

351

313

304

332

396

388

23.1 20.1 19.0

20.2

21.9

24.3 20.7 Deaths from causes other than Small- 27.7 24.4 pox and Choleraic complaints, .................

20.8

5,020| 5,233| 4,548| 4,535| 5,320| 4,824

April,

326

311

328

344

332

384

21.4 20.0 20.5

20.9

May,

397

459

421

355

382

430

26.1 29.4 26.3

21.6

21.1

22.9

18.3 20.5 Deaths from Small- pox and Choleraic complaints,

265 762

11

I 27 45

June,

518

832

453

452

427

417

34.1 53.5 28.3

27.5

23.4 22.2

July,

494

596

473

417

587

375

32.5 38.2 29.6

25.4

32.1

19,9

August,

534

499

413

405

563

396

35.1 32.0 25.9

24.7

30.7 21.0

September,

459

488

379

441

457

445

30.2 31.3 23.6 26.9

24.9 23.5

October,

437

503

427

466

433

390

28.7 32.3

26.7 28.4

23.5 20.6

November,

520

391

441

359

417

346

34.1 25.1 27.6

21.9

22.5 18.2

December,

658

346

327

367

416

461

43.3

22.2 20.4

22.4

22.5 24.2

Total,

5,285

5,995

4,559

4,536

5,347

4,869

29.0

32.1 23.7 23.0 24.4 21.3

Total,..... 5,285 5,995 4,559 4,536 5,347 4,869

Sanitary Board Room, Hongkong, 31st January, 1893.

'

HUGH MCCALLUM, Secretary.

Contract.

Name

of Contractor.

Butchers.

Foremen and Watch-

men.

Table C.

Boatmen.

18

85

16

48

Victoria, Scavenging, Hü A-tso, ...............

Victoria, Conserv-

ancy,

Kaulung, Scavenging

Chan Pui,

and Conservancy, Pan Im,......

Shaukiwan, Scaveng-

ing and Conserv- ancy,

Aberdeen, Scaveng-

ing and Conserv- ancy,

:

:

2

Kwok Chau,...

1

Chan Yu

Cheung,...

Stanley, Scavenging

Do.,

and Conservancy,.

Slaughter-house,...... Hü A-tso,......

:

:

Cattle Depôt,

Tsang Keng,...

Animal Manure,

Chun I,

Total,........

18

:

1

1

LO

Cartmen.

:

1

Basketmen.

Sweepers.

Channels & Clean- sing Sewer Traps.

Men for washing Side

Other Workmen.

155 133 82

:

6

6

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

10

со

:

4*

36

24

2

:

:

:

:

:

:

225

Nightmen.

Attendants at Latrines and Urinals.

Total.

:

:

:..

:

:

:

:

:

533

45

10

119

:

:

2272

15

14

:

:

36

9

1

6

1

4

:

:

45

16

15

18

46

141

161

139

106

36

75

45

16

783

Note.-1. Estimated number of Nightmen employed by Householders in Victoria, 500.

2. Estimated quantity of house and trade refuse, street sweepings, &c., removed by Scavenging Contractors.

from Victoria, Hill and Kaulung Districts during 1892, 30,000 tons.

3. Estimated quantity of Nightsoil removed by Conservancy Contractor from Victoria, Hill and Kanlung

Districts during 1892, 11,500 tons.

HUGH MCCALLUM,

Sanitary Superintendent.

ΤΟ

80

60

45

50

40

40

35

90

تف

100

55

No. of

Deaths.

150

90

140

85

130

80

120

75

Mean

Temperature.||

January,

DEATHS FROM CONVULSIVE DISEASES.

227

May.

1892.

June

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

16

110

70

65

14

__60

12

HIGHEST,

76

79

80

84

88

90

90

91

TEMPER-

ATURE.

LOWEST

46

49

46

57

64

70

74

74

338

90

88

83

78

66

64

52

BAROMETER

MEAN.

30.20 30.03 30.01 29.95 29.87 29.76 29.74 29.82 29.76 |29.99 30.16 30.22

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

6

8

10

18

December.

20

34.

RAIN- FALL.

Inches.

28

24

40-

No. of

Deaths.

55

50

85

45

80

35

Za

25

60

15

50

N

75

90

Mean

Temperature.

January.

DEATHS FROM THROAT AFFECTIONS.

February.

May.

1892.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

14

30

65

10

20

55

10

45

35

40-

HIGHEST,

76

79

80

84

88

90

90

91

90

88

83

73

TEMPER-

ATURE.

LOWEST

46

49

46

57

64

70

74

74 66

64

52

44

BAROMETER

MEAN.

30.20 30.03 130.01 29.95 29.87 |29.76 129.74 29.82 |29.76 29.99 30.16 30.22

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

4

6

12

November.

16

18

December.

20

20

34. RAIN-

FALL.

Inches.

28

24

229

80

K

No. of

Deaths.

150

90

140

85

130

80

120

75

DEATHS FROM CHEST AFFECTIONS.

April.

May.

1892.

June.

July,

November.

„December,

16

110

70

100

90

65

14

60

12

55

10

70

50

60

45

هـ

40

35

40

HIGHEST,

76

79

80

84

88

90

90

91

90

88

83

73

TEMPER-

ATURE.

LOWEST 46

49

46

57

64

70

74

74

66

64

52

14

BA

AROMETER 30.20 | 30.03

30.01 29.95 29.87 29.76

29.74 29.82 | 29.76 | 29.99 | 30.16

30.22

MEAN.

2

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line raiu-fall in inches.

18

31. RAIN- FALL.

Inches.

28

20

24

231

40

50

30

50

20

45

3

10

40

0

35

No. of

Deaths.

Mean

Temperature.|

110

90

100

85

90

80

80

75

DEATHS FROM BOWEL COMPLAINTS.

April.

May.

1892.

*June:

July.

November.

16

ΤΟ

70

60

65

14

60

12

55

10

HIGHEST,

76

79

80

84

88

90

90

91

90

88

83

73

TEMPER-

ATURE.

LOWEST

46

49

46 157

64

70

74

74

66

64

52

44

BAROMETER

30.20 30.03 30.01 29.95 29.8729.76

29.74 29.8229.76 29.99 30.16 30.22

MEAN.

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

2

4

6

8

18

December.

20

34. RAIN-

FALL.

Inches.

28

24

233

!

80

90

100

70 50

60

45

50

40

40 35

No. of

Deaths.

Mean

Temperature.

January.

150

90

140

85

130

80

120

75

February.

March.

DEATHS FROM FEVERS.

April.

1892.

August.

September.

October.

November.

:

December.

110

70

16

65

14

60

12

55

10

HIGHEST, 76

79

80

84

88

90

90

91

90

888

83

73

TEMPER-

ATURE.

LOWEST

46

49

46

57

64

70

74

74

66

64

52

44

BAROMETER MEAN.

30.20 30.03

30.01 29.95 29.87 | 29.76

29.7429.82 29.7629.99 | 30.16

30.22

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

2

4

6

8

18

20

24

34.

RAIN- FALL.

Inches.

28

235

40

237

DEATHS FROM CAUSES OTHER THAN CONVULSIVE DISEASES, THROAT AFFECTIONS, CHEST AFFECTIONS, BOWEL COMPLAINTS AND FEVERS.

1892.

No. of Deaths.

Mean

Temperature.

150

90

140

85

130

80

120

75

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

110

70

16

100

65

14

80

55

12

90

60

70 50

60 45

50

40

253

HIGHEST,

76

79

80

84

88

90

90

91

90

88

83

73

TEMPER-

ATURE.

LOWEST

46

49

46

57

64

70

74

74

66

64

52

44

BAROMETER

30.20 30.03 30.01 29.95 29.87 29.76 29.74 29.82 29.76 29.99 30.16 30.22

MEAN.

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

4

6

8

10

December.

18

20

20

34.

RAIN-

FALL.

Inches.

28

24

No. of

Deaths.

Mean

Temperature.

January.

600

90

550

85

500

80

175

450

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES.

1892.

Q== coung

July.

November.

December.

34.

239

RAIN-

FALL.

Inches.

28

24

_20___

18

70

16

-425-

65-

400

60

12

375

350

55

3

325

45

300

40

277

35

HIGILEST, 76

79

80

84

88

90

90

91

90

88

83

73

3

TEMPER-

ATURE.

LOWEST

46

49

46

37

64

70

74

74

66

64

52

14

BAROMETER MEAN.

30.20 | 30.03

30.01

29.95 29.87 | 29.76 29.74 29.82

29.76 29.99 30.16 30.22

10

6

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

DEATHS DURING THE YEARS 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, AND 1892.

241

No. of Deaths.

6,000

5,900

5,800

5,700

5,600

--5,500-

5,400

5,300

-5,200

5,100

-5,000

4,900

4,800

4,700.

4,600

1886.

1887. 1888. 1889. 1890.

1891.

1892.

|

NOTE.-Plain line shows death from all causes and Dotted line shows death from all causes exclusive of small-pox and

choleraic diseases.

200

No. of Deaths.

750

600

90

590

88

580

86

570

84

560

82

650

80

540

78

530

22 23

76

620

74

510

500

OGF

480

470

2 2 3 3

68

72

70

64

460

62

450

60

440

58

439

56

420

54

410

52.

400

50

390

48

088

46

870

44

360 42

350

40

99

325

38

800

36

275

HIGHEST, 72 70 78 87

89 88 90 91 88 83

83

75

68

76

TEMPER- STURE.

Mean.

Temperature.

January.

February.

42

March.

1888.

DEATHS FROM

FROM ALL CAUSES

49 inches

1889.

April.

May.

June.

September.

August.

July.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

7

8189,90 92, 90.90 87

78.77

!

June.

July.

September.

August.

October.

November.

76 77

81

68

90

92 90 99 87

78

78

68

76 75 84 90 92

00: 06

91 94/183

76

79

74 81

83

90

قالا

February.

March.

April.

49 inches

June.

July.

1889.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

Jannary.

February.

March.

April.

IS FROM ALL CAUSES FOR THE FIVE YEARS ENDED 31ST DECE

May.

June.

July.

1890.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

1891.

、、*

NDED 31ST

DECEMBER, 1892.

1891.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

--

Angust.

September.

October.

November.

December.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

on

00

LU

+

-

2

3

+

3

1892.

34

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

Rainfall.

6

19

18

17

16

10

14

B

12

11

10

28

Unches.

26

25-

600

3

00

590

88

580

80

570

84

560

550

80

540

78

530

76

520

74

510

72

500

70

400

68

480

66

470

64

460

62

450.

-60..

440

58

430

56

420

54

410

52

400

50

390

48

380

46

870

44

860

42

350

40

325

38

300

36

275

34

HIGNEST,

72 70 7887

89

88

90

TEMPER-

ATURE.

91 88 83 83

7079 76 73 68

75 68 76 77

61 53 52 43 54

81 8900 92: 00

90 87

78

3

3

LOWEST, 45 42 54 60 69

BAROMETER

MEAN.

61 72 71 78 76 76170:63

30.17 30.14 30.05 29.92 29.85 29.68 29.69 29.71 29.89 30.04 30.10 30.14 30.19 30.15 30.08 29.93 29.86 29.78 29.74 29.74 29.88 20.99 30.05

NOTE.-Plain line indicates the n

V

0.92 00

L

78

76

90 87 78 | 78

7670 63 53

6876

75

47 56: 40

84 90

929090

60 72 72 72 172

91 19483 81

66 6055 5350

76

79 74 81

88

90

90 93 9089

4551

566673

R

2888

74 173 73 168 57

79

49

.78 29.74 29.74 29.88 29.99 30.05.30.15 30.15 30.08 30.05.29.95 29.84 29.77 29.73 29.77 29.80 29.98 30.46 29.02 30.14 29.85 30.03 29.59 29.88 29.72 29.68 29.74 29.79 29.97 30.10 30.

1

-Plain line indicates the number of deaths, the Curved line mean temperature, and the Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

Inches.

26

2-

24

23

21

20

19

18

17

16

14

13

-12

11

10

100 IN

5

31 767974

81 83

90

9093

90

8982 79 | 76

79 80 84

88

90

3150

45.151 56

33

00 173

R

74 73 73 168 157

R

74 74 66 ; 64

.02 30.14 29.85 30.03 29.59 29.88 29.72 29.68 29.74 29.79 29.97 30.10 30.22 30.20 30.03 30.01 29.95 29.87 29.76 29.74 29.82 29.76 29.99 30.16 30.22

49 46

49 46.57 64

33

70

38888

*

90 91 90 1 88831 73

52

888

44

Dotted line rain-fall in inches.

2

1

529

No. 32 93

HONGKONG.

DEFALCATIONS IN THE TREASURY.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 12th September, 1893.

(Governor to Secretary of State.)

Enclosure No. 1.

Enclosure No. 1.

Enclosure No. 2.

April 11, 1893. Enclosure No. 3.

April 22, 1893.

Enclosure No. 3.

MY LORD MArquess,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG, 26th April, 1893.

I regret to have to report the occurrence of serious defalcations in the Treasury. On the 2nd of February last, the Treasurer informed the Colonial Secretary that ALVES, the first Clerk of the Treasury, had disappeared, and that the Local Auditor had discovered defalcations in the Accounts. On the 15th of February, the Local Auditor reported that defalcations amounting approximately to the sum of $59,000 had been committed. As his report disclosed that the local Audit was itself not free from blame in the matter, I appointed a Commission on the 20th of February, consisting of Mr. ACKROYD, Puisne Judge, Mr. THURBURN, Man- ager of the Chartered Mercantile Bank, and Mr. BIRD, a gentleman who has acted as Auditor of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, to investigate and report. The scope of their enquiry is shewn in their letter of appointment, copy of which is appended to their report. On the 4th instant the Commission sent in their report. On the 18th instant ALVES was tried on a number of charges, pleaded guilty to larceny, falsification of documents, and the theft of a book belonging to Govern- ment, and was sentenced to six years' imprisonment with hard labour.

2. On receipt of the report of the Commission, copies of which and of the evidence taken by them are herewith forwarded, I had it printed and caused copies of it to be forwarded to Mr. MITCHELL-INNES, Colonial Treasurer, Mr. WODEHOUSE, and Mr. MAY, with letters calling on them to shew cause why they should not be held pecuniarily responsible for the amounts misappropriated during their several tenures of the office of Treasurer. Copies of these letters, and of their replies, and of a further correspondence with Mr. WODEHOUSE and Mr. MAY on the subject, are enclosed. I also caused a separate letter, of which I enclose a copy, to be addressed to the Colonial Treasurer, commenting on his neglect of duty disclosed by the report of the Commission and the evidence recorded by them, informing him that the matter would be laid before the Secretary of State, and requesting him to furnish any explanation or statement that he might wish to be considered by Your Lordship. Copies of his reply, and of a separate statement which he has asked to be submitted to Your Lordship are enclosed.

3. It will be seen from the report of the Commission that the defalcations extend over the years 1888-92 inclusive, and amount to some $62,817, that the books have been balanced and no defalcations discovered in excess of the sum stated, and that there is no reason to believe that any misappropriations have been committed by any one in the Treasury except ALVES.

4. The first question that I have had to consider has been whether the amount misappropriated or any, and what, portion of it can be recovered, and from whom such recovery can be made. It has been ascertained that ALVES is practically insolvent, his property being mortgaged for more than its full value, and as the Crown has, as I am informed, in Hongkong, no preferential claim, there is no prospect of recovering any portion of the defalcations from his estate. Mr. LISTER, who is dead, was Treasurer during the first six months of 1888, Mr. WODEHOUSE

The Right Honourable

THE MARQUESS OF RIPON,

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

530

relieved him till January 18th, 1890, Mr. LISTER resumed duties from that date until the 21st June of the same year when Mr. WODEHOUSE again acted until the end of the year. Mr. MITCHELL-INNES was appointed Treasurer and assumed duties on January 1st, 1891, and he has been in charge of the Treasury since then up to date with the exception of six months' absence on leave in 1892, during which Mr. MAY acted for him drawing no salary for the first four months and half salary for the remainder of the period.

5. Primâ facie Mr. LISTER'S estate and his sureties, to the extent of the bond of $10,000 given for the faithful discharge of his duties, are liable for the amounts misappropriated during the portions of 1888 and 1890 for which he was in charge of the Treasury. He left, I understand, no estate; but I am advised that his bond is still valid and that his sureties are good for $10,000. There are, however, two considerations which, in my opinion, preclude the possibility of recovering at law from the sureties on the bond. The first is that although the total of the amount misappropriated during 1888 and 1889 has been ascertained, it is impossible to state the amount misappropriated during any given portion of that period in consequence of the absence of certain Books which ALVES has made away with. The second consideration is that it would not be practicable after so long an interval, and with Mr. LISTER no longer here to speak for himself, to establish such negligence on his part as would induce a Court of law to give judgment on his bond. It is important in this connection to remember that Mr. LISTER held the office of Treasurer as an adjunct appointment only, and with an almost nominal salary, in conjunction with his substantive appointment of Postmaster General.

6. The same considerations for the most part apply in the case of Mr. WODE- HOUSE. I am unable, however, to accept either the conclusiveness or the relevancy of some of the arguments which he advances in his letter of the 20th instant. With reference to his letter of 24th instant I must observe that when Government moneys have been stolen in a Government Office it devolves on the officer in charge to discover and report how the theft was committed; but I am of opinion that, apart from the present impossibility of stating what portion of the total amount misappropriated between the beginning of 1888 and the end of 1889 was misappro- priated during the time for which in those years he acted as Treasurer, the fact of his not only having inherited a loose system of accounting in the Treasury, but of his having also held the acting office on an almost nominal salary in conjunction with his substantive appointment, the duties of which may be supposed to have occupied nearly the whole of his time, may properly be considered as a sufficient reason for absolving him from pecuniary responsibility for those misappropriations and also for those which occurred during his tenure of office in 1890. For these reasons I have the honour to recommend that the amount of the defalcations up to the end of 1890 be written off.

7. The defalcations which have been committed since the beginning of 1891 stand in a different category. On the 1st of January, 1891, the appointment of Treasurer was established as a separate and substantive post, and since then the Treasury has always been in charge of an officer whose whole time has been avail- able for the duties of the office, and the Treasury Staff has been strengthened by the addition of one clerk at the beginning of 1891 and of a second subsequently. Further, I am informed that from the books which exist the exact amounts misap- propriated during the tenure of each of the two officers, Mr. MITCHELL-INNES and Mr. MAY, who have been in charge since the commencement of 1891 can readily be ascertained. It is also on record that the Local Auditor urged on both these officers the necessity of balancing certain books, and that if his suggestions had been complied with ALVES' previous defalcations would at once have been discovered and his subsequent misappropriations prevented. There are therefore reasons, which do not obtain in the cases of Mr. LISTER and Mr. WODEHOUSE, for enforcing the pecuniary responsibility of Mr. MITCHELL-INNES and Mr. MAY for the misap- propriations which have occurred during their respective tenures of office as Treasurer and Acting Treasurer.

8. There are, however, several considerations which make strongly in Mr. MAY's favour, and which I feel it to be my duty to state, though for reasons which I need not specify he has not seen proper to advance them himself on his own account. I cannot, indeed, accept his statement, though I have no doubt that it is honestly made, that it was the Rent Roll for 1891, and not that for 1890, that the Local Auditor desired him to have balanced. The Commission are of opinion that on this point Mr. NICOLLE's statement is correct, and Mr. MAY's recollection at fault; and, indeel, the circumstances forbid any other conclusion, Nor can I admit

531

the validity of his technical plea that Government money which reached ALVES in the Treasury did not "reach the Treasury." But it is only fair to him to mention that when I offered him the acting appointment of Treasurer he asked to be allowed to decline it on the ground that he had never had any experience and had no know- ledge of Treasury work. No other arrangement being feasible in order to allow Mr. MITCHELL-INNES to go on leave, I pressed Mr. MAY to accept the appointment, and it was under these circumstances that he consented to act. Soon after he assumed the duties of the office he informed the Colonial Secretary confidentially, for my consideration, that three out of his four principal subordinates were either past their work, or wholly incompetent, and that it was impossible to get anything approaching a fair day's work out of any of them. The result of these representa- tions was that the three officers in question were compulsorily retired at the end of the year,

He also worked very hard and with signal success in getting in arrears of revenue. Under these circumstances it is not, I think, to be wondered at that he failed to exercise such supervision in certain directions as was required to stop the system of misappropriation that had been going on unchecked for many years. may also mention that for four of the six months of his acting tenure he drew no salary as Acting Treasurer, and for only two months half salary. In view of these considerations I would beg leave to recommend that he be absolved from his pecu- niary responsibility, and that the amount misappropriated during the time that he was acting as Treasurer be written off.

I

9. There remain the questions of Mr. MITCHELL-INNES' pecuniary responsibility for the amount misappropriated while he was in charge of the Treasury, and of the judgment to be formed of the manner in which he has discharged, what I conceive to be, his duties as Treasurer. The two questions are, of course, more or less con- nected, but they are distinct questions and require to be separately decided. For when Government money has been stolen in a Treasury, it may be the case that the Treasurer may deserve to be held pecuniarily responsible, and yet that he has not, either so generally, or so culpably neglected his duties as to render him unfit to be continued in his office. I therefore directed the Colonial Secretary to keep the two points distinct, and he accordingly wrote two letters to the Treasurer, the one requesting him to shew cause why he should not be held pecuniarily responsible, and the other inviting his explanation of the fact of his never, either by checking his books, or in any other way, having taken any steps to fulfil his primary duty of ensuring that the revenue which reached his Office was all placed to the credit of the Government. The second of these letters is, as Your Lordship will observe, written on the assumption that it is the first duty of the Treasurer to check receipts. If it is his duty to systematically check receipts and of the Local Auditor to check expenditure then the Treasurer appears to have gravely failed in his duty. If on the other hand, as there appears reason to believe, the Treasurer is entitled to look to the Local Auditor for such systematic checking of receipts, concerning him- self more with the checking of expenditure, then Mr. MITCHELL-INNES' conduct does not appear to me so open to censure; but I shall deal more fully with these points later on.

10. In his reply to the first of these letters the Treasurer confines himself to explaining why he did not have the Rent Roll for 1890 balanced. His explanation is that 1891 was a very busy year, and that the Local Auditor only drew his attention once to the fact of the Rent Roll not being balanced. Mr. NICOLLE, in his evidence before the Commission, states that he called his attention on several occasions; he has subsequently been questioned on the point by the Colonial Secretary and he is very positive that he did call Mr. MITCHELL-INNES' attention on several occasions to the necessity of having the book balanced. The latter, however, denies this.

11. To the second letter of the Colonial Secretary the Treasurer replies in effect that the only neglect of duty with which he can properly be charged consists in his not having had the Rent Roll for 1890 balanced, that the checking of receipts has always been regarded as the duty of the Auditor, and that in his letter of March 22nd, 1892, (copy of which was duly forwarded to Lord KNutsford) he pointed out that the "systematic checking of receipts" could not be properly per- formed by the Treasurer with his existing Staff.

12. In the separate statement which he has asked me to submit to Your Lordship he repeats his contention that the duty of checking receipts is no part of the Treasurer's duties, but devolves solely on the Local Auditor, and he again refers to his letter of March 22nd, 1892. He expresses regret at not having had the Rent Roll balanced, and as regards the fact that ALVES habitually received

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Government moneys which ought to have been received only by the shroff, he says that he was not aware of the circumstance, and that if he had noticed it, it would probably have occurred to him that ALVES was receiving the moneys on his personal account from private debtors of his own. He adds that the work of the Treasurer is heavy, that it is increased by frequent references from the Colonial Secretary's Office on financial matters, and that Mr. MAY found his work as Acting Treasurer much more arduous than he finds his present work as Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

13. Dealing with his two replies and his separate statement together, I have to remark that looking to the amount of ALVES' misappropriations, and to the reasonable presumption that he misappropriated only a small fraction of the total moneys that reached his hands, it is clear that Government moneys were impro- perly received by him habitually, and the observation by the Commission that the Treasurer, if he had exercised proper supervision, would have been cognizant of the practice, is a reasonable one. Mr. MITCHELL-INNES' rejoinder that if he had noticed it, he "might well have imagined that it was a private payment from some of the tenants of his own houses," argues a somewhat strange conception of his duties, for it implies that he would, in the event supposed, have been content to allow his subordinate to transact his private money affairs in the Treasury and during Office hours. It is almost superfluous to add that the most casual investi- gation would have shewn him that the moneys in question were not private, but Government moneys.

14. As regards the amount of the Treasurer's work, it is not quite clear whether Mr. MITCHELL-INNES is referring to what he now does, or to what he did before the defalcations were discovered. But assuming that he refers to what he is now doing, which includes the signing of all receipts (vide his evidence before the Commission, pages 5 and 52), it is not, in my opinion, more than could easily be performed by an experienced Treasurer considerably within the limits of the official working day. The references from the Colonial Secretary's Office, which he mentions, need certainly not occupy more than a few minutes of his time daily on the average, and looking to the smallness of the Treasury transactions here as compared with those of some other Colonies, and to the simplicity of the Cash Book, I have reason to believe that, if his work were continuous, the Treasurer could exercise all necessary supervision and perform the whole of his daily work in the Treasury, including the signing of all receipts, within three hours per diem on the average. As his work is not continuous, he would, of course, have to be in the Treasury for a considerably longer time daily, and his surprise visits to other departments, his work in connection with the Executive Council, and his attend- ances in the Legislative Council, would give him occupation in addition to what I have described as his daily work in the Treasury. The circumstances under which Mr. MAY found the work of the Treasury so arduous are described above in paragraph 8.

It may be convenient here to observe that Mr. MITCHELL-INNES appears to entertain incorrect notions as to the length of time required for properly dealing with books. On page 54 of the Evidence, attached to the Report of the Commission, he states that "Mr. NICOLLE and an ordinary Portuguese clerk took three weeks to do it" (ie., to balance a certain Rent Roll), "and they did nothing else, and I believe Mr. NICOLLE is pretty quick at this sort of thing." As a matter of fact Mr. NICOLLE had nothing whatever to do with the balancing of the Rent Roll, and estimates that he could do it unassisted in 10 or 12 days. This, however, is merely by the way, as it is not necessary that such work should devolve on the Treasurer, perfect security against fraud being obtainable by the Treasurer's sign- ing every receipt himself after personally satisfying himself that the corresponding amount has been duly entered in the collection book, and seeing on the following morning that the totals of the daily collection books have been duly entered in the Cash Book, and that the total of the Cash Book corresponds with the total amount credited to the account of Government by the bank.

15. Coming now to Mr. MITCHELL-INNES' pleas in explanation or justifica- tion of the neglect of duty which rendered possible the misappropriations committed while he was in charge of the Treasury, I feel that I need say nothing in regard to his failure to have the Rent Roll balanced, for in that particular he admits his fault and expresses regret for it. But on his general contention that it was no part of his duty to check receipts, or to take any steps to secure the placing to the credit of Government of all Government moneys that reached his Office, it is my duty to make a few observations,

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16. It is so obviously the duty of every Treasurer to take some steps to prevent Government moneys being stolen in his Office that I should not have thought it possible for any Officer appointed to such a post to imagine that he was free from all responsibility in that respect. The raison d'être of the establishment of the post of Treasurer in Hongkong as a separate and substantive appointment, and of strengthening the subordinate Staff of the Treasury, as described above in paragraph No. 7, was in order that the late system, which had previously obtained when the post of Treasurer was held as an adjunct office in conjunction with another appointment, might be superseded, and that the Government might have the security of its interests being safeguarded by an officer whose whole time would be available for the purpose. That Mr. MITCHELL-INNES, who was inexpe- rienced in Treasury work, should have failed to introduce all the reforms that were required in the Office might well admit of excuse; but that he should have been content to take no precautions, and that he should have considered, as he himself states, that it was no part of his duty to take any, affords ground for legitimate complaint.

On page 7 of the Evidence he states: "the system itself was supposed to be a check."

But the slightest investigation would have sufficed to show him that a system which allowed receipts to be signed by the clerk who made them out, a practice which he personally confirmed in writing when it was brought to his notice (vide page 52 of the Evidence), was fraught with danger. And a little consideration would have made him alive to the fact that if such a system were subjected to the strain of the same clerk's also receiving Government money, it would then become perilous in the extreme.

17. In his defence he appeals to his letter above mentioned of the 22nd March, 1892, and he points out with truth that he there distinctly stated that he could not possibly, with his existing Staff, do all the work of a thorough Audit of his own books, and that if he were required to do such work, which though it was imposed on him by the Financial Instructions, he contended that the Secretary of State had not intended that he should undertake, he would require an addition to his Staff. This would be a fair defence if he were charged with not having performed such work; but as has already been shewn, this is not the case. If he had done what he is doing now, that is, if he had signed all receipts himself and taken the other precautions mentioned at the end of the last paragraph but one, he would effectually have rendered defalcation impossible without necessitating any addition to his Staff. On the whole I deeply regret that, with every desire to take the most favourable view of his case; I am unable to acquit him of blame.

18. As stated in the Colonial Secretary's letter of 11th instant, it became my duty, after reading the Report of the Commission and the Evidence taken by them, to consider whether it was necessary in the public interest to interdict Mr. MITCHELL-INNES from the discharge of his duties as Treasurer. I decided that it was not necessary. He has had a sharp lesson, the Rent Rolls have now been balanced up to the end of 1892, and he is now exercising a proper supervision over his department and signing all receipts himself; and this being so, I did not consider that there was any such risk of further misappropriations as to necessitate his interdiction from duty during the time that must elapse before the settlement of his case.

In the next place, I had to consider whether it was my duty to take steps under the Colonial Regulations with a view to his suspension from office. On that point I decided that it was not, but that it would be sufficient to lay the case fully before Your Lordship for your decision as to what course should be taken.

19. My reason for arriving at this conclusion was as follows:-On the one hand it is unfortunately beyond question that up to the time of the discovery of the defalcations he neglected to take ordinary precautions for the safeguarding of the Government moneys that reached his Office, and that the result of his neglect has been that a large sum of public money has been misappropriated. On the other hand it should be remembered that when he was appointed Treasurer he had had no previous experience of Treasury work; that the dangerous system of allowing the clerk who was in charge of the Rent Roll and prepared the receipts for payments of rent to sign the receipts (which largely contributed to the facilitation of the frauds) was established by his predecessor; and that he was burdened with an in- competent Staff whom he was reluctant, out of deference for their standing and length of service, to report to Government. In view of all the circumstances, includ- ing his letter of March 22nd, 1892, his case should in fairness be judged not by the

534

light of the obligations cast upon him by Financial Instruction No. 2, but by the light of the ordinary obligations that devolve ipso facto on a Treasurer, by reason of the nature of his office, in the absence of any special instructions. It should also, in my opinion, be judged on the basis of his having honestly, though mistakenly, entertained the view that he was not responsible for the safeguarding of Government moneys in his Office. Further it should be borne in mind that there has never been the faintest question of his personal integrity; and it is also to his credit that as soon as the defalcations had been discovered and he realised the result of his not exercising supervision over his department, he set vigorously to work and has since then done all in his power to repair his previous omission. Under these circumstances I consider that it would be harsh to ruin him by dismissal, and I shall be very glad if Your Lordship concurs in that opinion. As regards enforcing his pecuniary responsibility for the sum misappropriated during his tenure of office, that would involve a punishment little short of ruin. The amount is large, and his salary is small, unduly small, I may say, for an officer in his position, and for obvious reasons it is especially undesirable that a Treasurer should be crippled with debt and under heavy obligations to others for pecuniary assistance. On the whole, I would venture to suggest that if Your Lordship concurs in the view which I have taken, the best solution of the case would be to remit his pecuniary responsibility, and if possible, should the case appear to Your Lordship to warrant so severe a punishment, to provide him with suitable employ- ment elsewhere.

20. In addition to the points I have already dealt with, the Commission refer in their Report to the Local Auditor and Mr. CARVALHO, the late Chief Clerk, as being to blame in connection with the defalcations, and they have been good enough to make certain suggestions with a view to preventing the recurrence of frauds in the Treasury. As the Local Auditor is not a servant of this Govern- ment, and as his case is in the hands of the head of his department, I have not thought it proper to call on him for any explanation, though I consider he is greatly to blame for not having reported to the Officer then administering the Government that he could not obtain the Rent Roll of 1890 from the Treasury with a view to its being balanced. As regards Mr. CARVALHO, I hardly think that there are sufficient grounds to warrant the reduction of the pension that was recently assigned to him on his retirement. In regard to the steps that should be taken to prevent the recurrence of frauds, I propose to address Your Lordship in a separate despatch. In the meanwhile, I may mention that I have provisionally instructed the Treasurer to post up notices in conspicuous places in the Treasury warning the public that money is to be paid to the Shroffs only, and that no receipt for money paid in is valid, unless it bears the signature of the Treasurer (or, in his absence, that of the Chief Clerk) and the stamp of the shroff; to sign every receipt himself except such as may be urgently required during his absence on duty from the Treasury, in which case the receipts may be signed by the Chief Clerk; to make it his first duty, on returning to the Treasury from absence on duty elsewhere, to examine the counterfoils of all receipts issued during his absence, and satisfy himself that the corresponding amounts have been duly entered in the appropriate daily collection books; to habitually take the precautions described at the end of the 14th paragraph of this despatch; and finally to give effect to the recommendations of the Commission with regard to the form of the Rent Roll and Assessed Taxes Roll, and the keeping of his books.

I have the honour to be,

My Lord,

Your Lordship's most obedient,

humble servant,

}

W. ROBINSON.

.

Enclosure No. 2.

(Colonial Secretary to Messrs. Mitchell-Innes, Wodehouse and May.)

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

535

HONGKONG, 11th April, 1893.

SIR,

I am directed by the Governor to transmit confidentially, for your inform- ation, the enclosed copy of the Report of the Commission appointed to enquire into the defalcations in the Treasury, and to call upon you to shew cause why you should not be held pecuniarily responsible for the amounts shewn to have been

of the office of Treasurer.

tenure

misappropriated during your acting tenure

Pending the trial of ALVES, and the presentation of the Report to the Legis- lative Council, I am to desire you to consider the Report as strictly confidential.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

The Honourable the COLONIAL TREASURER,

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Esq., C.M.G.

F. H. MAY, Esq.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

SIR,

(Mr. F. H. May to Colonial Secretary.)

POLICE DEPARTMENT,

CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, HONGKONG, 20th April, 1893.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your confidential letter of the 11th instant forwarding, for my information, a copy of the Report of the Commission appointed to enquire into the recently discovered defalcations in the Treasury, and calling upon me to shew cause why I should not be held pecuniarily responsible for the amounts misappropriated during my acting tenure of the office of Treasurer.

I find that the Commissioners state that they consider that I indirectly allowed the frauds to be committed because I did not carry out Mr. NICOLLE'S requirement as to the balancing of the book. By the book is meant the Rent Roll of 1890, and the Commissioners state that they think I was mistaken in saying in my evidence that Mr. NICOLLE referred to the Rent Roll of 1891 when he drew my attention to the delay in balancing a Rent Roll.

I can only repeat that I understood the Local Auditor to refer to the 1891 Rent Roll.

I did my best to get ALVES to balance that book, and as I found on enquiry that the Rent Roll of a previous year had never been balanced till the very end, at the earliest, of the subsequent year, I thought that the delay, though extremely undesirable, was not of an extraordinarily serious nature.

536

Mr. NICOLLE appears to be as positive that he referred to the 1890 book as I am that he referred to the book of 1891. It is unfortunate that nothing passed between us on the subject in writing, and all I can say is that had I been aware that the 1890 book had not been balanced I should have used every endeavour to have such arrear wiped off.

It was,

I submit, only natural that on taking over charge in March 1892, I took if for granted that the books prior to 1891 had all been closed.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

F. H. MAY,

Acting Captain Superintendent of Police.

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

&c.,

Colonial Secretary, fc.,

&c.

SIR,

(Colonial Secretary to Mr. F. H. May.)

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 21st April, 1893.

I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 20th instant, and to point out that it affords no reply to my letter of 11th instant calling on you to shew cause why you should not be held pecuniarily responsible for the amount of Government money misappropriated in the Treasury during your tenure of office as acting Treasurer.

Your letter under acknowledgment explains why you did not get a certain book balanced which, if balanced, would have revealed defalcations committed prior to your taking charge of the Treasury, but it is silent as to the defalcations which occurred while you were in charge.

It is the primary duty of a Treasurer to see that Government moneys which reach the Treasury are all duly credited to Government, and not stolen in his Office, and I am accordingly to request you to explain why you failed in this duty, and what steps you took with a view to discharging it.

His Excellency desires that your answer to this letter may be returned with such despatch as may be compatible with your careful consideration of the matter. I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

F. H. MAY, Esq.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

SIR,

(Mr. F. H. May to Colonial Secretary.)

POLICE DEPARTMENT,

CAPTAIN SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 22nd April, 1893.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 21st instant and to point out to you that in my letter of the 20th instant I advanced the reason for which I consider that I should not be held pecuniarily responsible for the only neglect of which the Commission of Experts appointed by the Governor to inquire into, and advise him as to, the Treasury Defalcations have pronounced me guilty.

1

.

537

In your letter under acknowledgment you state as your opinion that it was my primary duty as Treasurer "to see that Government moneys which reached the Treasury were all duly credited to Government and not stolen in my Office," and you request me to explain why I failed in this duty and what steps I took with a view to discharging it.

In reply I beg to state that I did fulfil my duty as Treasurer in seeing that the amounts which reached the Treasury were credited to Government, and in support of my statement I beg to remind you that the payments on behalf of Crown rent which reached the Cashier were correctly entered in the collection books of both ALVES and the responsible shroff and were duly paid into the Bank, a fact of which I satisfied myself by comparing the monthly collectors account with the Bank receipts.

It is true that a comparison of each counterfoil receipt made by ALVES with the Rent Roll would have shewn discrepancies; but I did not, when at the Treasury, and do not now consider that in view of the Treasurer's letter of 22nd March, 1892, such detailed comparison could fairly be considered as part of my duties.

The sums stolen by ALVES never reached the Treasury. They were impro- perly paid by the Public to him personally in his private room without my know- ledge, and I fail to see how they can be said to have reached the Treasury or how I can be held responsible for them any more than if they had been paid to ALVES at his private residence.

I have the honour to be,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

&c.,

Colonial Secretary, &c.,

&c.

Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

F. H. MAY.

(Mr. H. E. Wodehouse to Colonial Secretary.)

HONGKONG, 20th April, 1893.

SIR,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your confidential letter of the 11th instant, and to make the following observations on the report of the Commission appointed to enquire into various matters connected with the defalca- tions by ALVES.

2. I desire to respectfully submit that the observations of the Commission, so far as they relate to me, are not fair, and that they are not supported by the evidence.

3. In the first place, I am extremely doubtful whether in my time it was the duty of the Treasury to balance the Rent Roll other than by adding it up and totalling it, and my strong recollection is that this duty devolved upon the Audit Office and not upon the Treasury.

4. I took over the Treasury as an acting appointment from Mr. LISTER who for many years had held the permanent post, and who was a businesslike and a painstaking officer and thoroughly acquainted with the duties of the office. In explaining the duties to me he never once mentioned the matter of balancing the books as a part of those duties. Mr. CARVALHO, the permanent chief subordinate officer of the department, who gave me every assistance in mastering the details of the Office never alluded to this duty. He says himself, in his evidence, that it was the duty of the Auditor to balance the Rent Roll, and my recollection of what went on in my time is entirely confirmatory of this statement.

5. Moreover, had it been the Treasurer's duty to carry out this work, Mr. LISTER on his return would have seen that it had not been done and would have rectified the omission, and when I again resumed the office six months later would have drawn my attention to the matter.

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538

6. Nothing of the kind, however, occurred. I expressly asked him if he was satisfied with the way in which the Office had been conducted in his absence, and he stated that he was, and did not make a single suggestion of alteration in any respect.

7. It is significant again as corroboratory of this impression, that the only signatures to the balancing of the Rent Roll are those of the Auditor General and his assistant, and that the signature of the Treasurer does not appear.

22

8. In other years prior to 1887 the signature of the Treasurer appears at the end of the Rent Roll undated, and in another part of the page is the signature of the Auditor General or his Assistant dated with the words "Examined and found correct. The figures are in the handwriting of ALVES, and the inference I shall draw from this would be that while the Treasury prepared the books for examina- tion it was the Audit Office that did the balancing, and in fact that such examina- tion was the balancing.

9. Even the Commission do not distinguish the two when bringing their charges of neglect against the Treasurer. They refer to the late dates at which the Treasurer balanced the Rent Rolls and give various dates in different years as illustrating the delay. But the dates which they give are the dates of the Audit examination and not of Treasury balancing which may have been done at any time previous to the examination, and if there was a separate balancing by the Treasurer, they show only the delay in the Audit Office, as there are no dates to show when the Treasury balance was made.

10. Moreover, as bearing out what I say about the balancing, it is very signi- ficant that the Treasury Ledger was posted by the Audit Office in a building remote from the Treasury, and a copy only of it kept in the Treasury, seeming to point to the idea that it was desired not to leave in the hands of the Treasury the mani- pulation of its own books, but to obtain an independent check such as would be afforded by an examination of the results arrived at by a Rent Roll addition on the part of the Treasury and a Ledger addition on the part of the Audit Office.

11. This is conjecture only and in the absence of a detailed enquiry, I am unable at this distance of time to make a positive assertion; but I think I have a right to complain that without making any enquiry into the system in force in my time, without any knowledge as to how the frauds were committed, and without any reference to the Rent Rolls which are both missing, the Commission should commit themselves to a definite accusation of this kind in a report which purports to be the outcome of a full and complete enquiry, nor do I think it is fair to em- phasize that neglect by referring to instructions which did not come into force until after I had ceased to be Treasurer. They even, moreover, throw in the year 1887, the Rent Roll of which it is proved was balanced and found correct, and which cannot therefore have assisted the frauds.

12. Without therefore denying that I may have been negligent in respect of the years mentioned, I must decline in the existing state of the evidence to accept the charge, and I think that His Excellency the Governor will agree with me that before it can be endorsed I am entitled to a further enquiry.

13. Then, again, assuming for the moment that I have been negligent with respect to the Rent Rolls of 1887, 1888 and 1889, I submit that it is not reason- able to single me out as responsible for the non-balancing of the Rent Roll for the years 1887, 1888 and 1889 when by the practice prevailing for years past, such balancing would have fallen to my successors and not to me.

14. I commenced to be Treasurer in the middle of June 1888, and ceased to be Treasurer in the middle of January 1890, and therefore by the standard set up by the Commission neither the balancing of 1887 nor that of 1889 would have fallen to me, and setting this aside generally the duty being a continuing duty if not done by me would fall with cumulative obligation on my successors who nevertheless are not mentioned in connection with these years. I should cer- tainly have thought that before the balancing of a later year was taken in hand that of a previous year would be first taken in hand, and in fact that the arrears should be brought up to time.

15. The Commission, however, appear to deal with each year as a complete cycle, and if one year was not completed to pass on to the next and ascertain whether that was completed. In this way I am made to be responsible for three years, while the other Treasurers who succeeded me are only made responsible for

one year.

!

4.

-

539

16. In paragraph 29 of their Report the Commission say that the defalcations commenced in my time and might have been detected by some vigilance on my part.

17. I have the honour to enquire how it is known that the defalcations com- menced in my time. I have looked through the Evidence, and so far as I can see the whole of the defalcations put down to 1888 and 1889 may, for all that is shown to the contrary, have taken place in the first half of 1888 when I was not Treasurer, and under any circumstances I should think that it is very improbable that all the defalcations, that occurred in 1888, occurred in the last six months only of that year.

18. How, moreover, can it be asserted that with some vigilance I might have detected them. It is not even known in what way they were committed, and Mr. NICOLLE himself says that if they were done in the way that he suggests as most likely by the issue of false receipts, neither the Treasury nor the Audit Office could have detected them until the books came to be examined.

19. It must be remembered that I was a temporary officer with other duties that kept me away from the Treasury during the greater part of the day, and if therefore the frauds going on continuously for five years have eluded the vigilance of the Audit Office, the sole raison d'être of whose existence is the prevention of such occurrences, and have also eluded the observations of my successors who no longer labour under the disadvantage of combining Treasury work with other duties, I fail to see on what grounds the Commission assert that I might have detected them with some vigilance.

20. Where I do see that they might rightly have made remark is on Mr. FREIRE'S evidence.

21. In the absence of the Rent Rolls and Counterfoil books and other records it is difficult to hazard any opinion, but I must say that I think_great_weight attaches to Mr. FREIRE's admissions that he did not examine the Rent Roll for 1888 nor that for 1889, that it was his duty to have done so, and that he made no complaint to me as to any difficulty he encountered in obtaining the books. In these admissions appears to me to be contained the key to the whole situation, and had he either made the examinations as he reports was his duty or reported his inability to do so, if unable to obtain the books, I do not see why these frauds should not have been discovered at an earlier date. It is impossible now to round upon the Treasury and to say that he did not report that the books were not written up because he thought that the Treasurer knew of it, Such explanations, I submit, are no longer admissible so far as they bear on the proper share of blame to be attached to particular individuals, and the time for making them has passed, and I submit that the Commission would have been more just in making particular note of this evidence than in passing it over without comment and asserting only that I could have discovered the frauds by the exercise of some vigilance.

22. It must be remembered, finally, in this connection that every month was submitted to the Audit Office the Collector's account showing the whole of the Treasury receipts and disbursements, and that these were continuously audited and were invariably signed "examined and found correct together with the date of

examinations.

""

23. Considering therefore that in those days the Treasurer was for the most part an absentee Officer, that his Officers were tried and valued servants, that there were no a priori grounds for suspecting dishonesty, and that there was no departmental machinery for the purpose of checking frauds other than what the system in force supplied, I do not think that it is surprising that their commission escaped detection, especially when it was not the duty of the Treasurer then, as it has been since, to provide his own checks independently of the Audit.

24. In the absence therefore of the books, and in the want of direct evidence to show in what way the frauds were committed and in the light of the failure of every one else to detect them, including Mr. LISTER, I submit that there is no sufficient ground for alleging that with some vigilance I could have detected them.

25. With regard to the other allegations made by the Commission regarding me, I do not admit, as stated in paragraph 27, that balancing the books is the only check. I should say that its value as a check depended upon circumstances, and

540

that if done by the clerk who is desirous of defrauding, as would have been the case in the instance of the Rent Roll, its value would be rather problematical. To make it of value it ought to be accompanied with an independent examination, and as such only do I consider that it would be valuable as a check.

26. I entirely deny that I did not furnish the Audit with the necessary books, and I certainly furnished them with all that they required. I do not admit that I did not see that no arrears of rent were being allowed to accumulate, and I state in my evidence that I constantly examined the books for the special purpose of guarding against this contingency. Further, I did not accept ALVES's excuse that he had too much work, and I expressly state in my evidence, that I had no recollection of his making such excuse; and lastly, I did not repose unlimited con- fidence in ALVES, whom nevertheless I knew to be an old and valued servant of the Government of unblemished repute and tried integrity.

27. I have now, I think, gone over the whole of the ground traversed by the Commission in their report so far as it affects myself, and I have the honour to submit that the lines upon which the enquiry has been conceived and carried out, and the loose fragmentary character of the evidence, afford no proper basis upon which either to formulate charges of neglect or to deduce from them pecuniary responsibility. In many respects the findings of the Commission are actually opposed to the evidence and where they are not so the evidence is too inconclusive to justify their endorsement. In the present stage of the proceedings, therefore, I disclaim any blame for what has occurred and I desire further enquiry before judgment is given.

28. I have the honour to request that my letter may be published concurrently with the report of the Commission, and I desire to thank His Excellency the Governor for the opportunity which he has given me of meeting their charges.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

H. E. WODEHOUSE.

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

SIR,

(Colonial Secretary to Mr. H. E. Wodehouse.)

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 24th April, 1893.

I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 20th instant (received on the afternoon of 21st instant) and to point out that, except in so far as it urges that while you were in temporary charge of the Treasury the greater part of your time was occupied in the duties of your other and substantive appointment, it affords no reply to my letter of 11th instant calling on you to show cause why you should not be held pecuniarily responsible for the amount of Government money misap- propriated in the Treasury during your tenures of office as Acting Treasurer.

2. In your letter under acknowledgment you point out the difficulty of stating with precision, in the absence of certain books, the exact amounts misappropriated during each of the broken portions of the years in which you acted as Treasurer; and you also argue at length the unfairness of a finding of the Commission in regard to your not having had a certain book balanced. For the reasons stated in the next paragraph the Governor does not think it necessary at present to enter into a discussion of these points.

3. The question whether you should be held pecuniarily responsible for the amount of certain defalcations, or relieved of such responsibility, is quite distinct from the precise ascertainment of that amount; neither does it in any way depend on any finding of the Commission other than that which establishes the fact that Government money was misappropriated in the Treasury while you were acting as Treasurer,

4

541

4. The obvious and primary duty of a Treasurer is to see that all Government moneys which reach the Treasury are duly credited to Government, and not stolen in his Office; and the fact of Government moneys having been stolen in the Trea- sury while you were in charge of it having been established beyond room for question, it remains for you to explain why you failed in this primary duty, and what steps you took with a view to discharging it.

5. His Excellency desires that your answer to this letter may be returned with such despatch as may be compatible with your careful consideration of the

matter.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

H. E. WODEHOUSE, Esquire, C.M.G.

SIR,

(Mr. H. E. Wodehouse to Colonial Secretary.)

HONGKONG, 24th April, 1893.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your confidential letter of the 24th instant, and to report that in writing my letter of the 20th instant, I was under the impression that I had dealt fully with the question put before me in your previous letter.

Admitting for the moment that the abstract question of my pecuniary respon- sibility for defalcations occurring in my time is answered against me, I have the honour to enquire on what evidence the Government relies as establishing beyond question that moneys were stolen from the Treasury while I was in charge, and what amounts it is considered were so stolen.

I ask this not for the purpose of evading the question of my pecuniary responsibility but for the purpose of meeting it. I should also like to know in what way it is considered that the frauds were committed.

If the mere fact of being head of the Department at the time when the frauds were committed entails pecuniary responsibility to the amount of such frauds, I can only admit that I was Treasurer from June 1888 to January 1890, and for the last few months of 1890. If, however, I can be relieved of such responsibility by showing that I exercised the ordinary prudence that could be expected from one in my position, it is material that I should know how the frauds are considered to have been committed.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary.

H. E. WODEHOUSE.

SIR,

(Mr. N. G. Mitchell-Innes to Colonial Secretary.)

TREASURY, 22nd April, 1893.

I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter-Confidential of 11th instant-transmitting a copy of the Report of the Treasury Commission, and call- ing upon me to shew cause why I should not be held pecuniarily responsible for the amounts shewn to have been misappropriated during my tenure of the office of Treasurer.

542

2. I find that the Commission appointed for the purpose, inter alia, of report- ing to what extent, if any, I was to blame with regard to the Treasury defalcations, consider that I am to blame for not having had the 1890 Rent Roll promptly balanced.

3. While deeply regretting that my failure to appreciate, on taking up office, the importance of having my predecessor's Rent Roll promptly balanced should have resulted in unduly delaying the discovery of the existence of defalcations, I would beg to call attention to the fact that 1891 was a very busy year, there being constant meetings of Executive and Legislative Council, that my time was much taken up with the transfer of the Opium Farm and the framing of new Opium Ordinances, that every item of Treasury work was a complete novelty to me, that when the Local Auditor drew my attention to the fact that the 1890 Rent Roll had not been balanced I endeavoured to get it made up, but that, as I did not understand that he was unable to audit the accounts properly without it (as a matter of fact the correctness of the 1890 accounts was certified to by the Comptroller and Auditor General last year), I did not insist in the face of ALVES' plea of overwork, on its being at once balanced, that, to the best of my belief, no further reference was made to the matter up to the time of my going on leave when the balancing was 15 months in arrear (which, as shewn in the Report of the Commission, was no extraordinary thing in the annals of the Treasury), and that my locum tenens is positive that the fact of its not being balanced was not brought to his notice while acting for me, though the fact of the 1891 Roll not being balanced was.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient servant,

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES,

Treasurer.

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

&c.,

Colonial Secretary, &C.,

&c.

SIR,

Enclosure No. 3.

(Colonial Secretary to Mr. N. G. Mitchell-Innes.)

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 11th April, 1893.

I am directed to inform you that the Governor has perused the Report of the Commission appointed to enquire into the Treasury defalcations, copy of which has been forwarded to you with my letter of even date, with extreme regret.

2. From the Report and the Evidence attached to it, His Excellency is unable to avoid the conclusion that you have continuously neglected the duties of your office. Quite irrespective of any obligations cast upon you by the Financial Instructions, it was your elementary duty as Treasurer not only to see that the revenue was promptly collected, but to see that when it reached your Office it was all immediately placed to the credit of the Government. This is, in fact, the primary duty of all Treasurers, and it was obviously the primary duty of the office to which you were appointed at the beginning of 1891, and for which you have since been drawing your salary. But the Governor, to his great surprise and regret, learns from the Report of the Commission, and the Evidence recorded by them, that so far as at present appears neither by checking your books, nor in any other way that could be discovered by the Commission, have you taken any steps to fulfil your duty of ensuring that the revenue which reached your Office was all placed to the credit of the Government. His Excellency further learns that the result of this neglect of duty on your part has been that misappropriations of public moneys in the Treasury, which commenced before you assumed charge, remained undetected for years, and continued on a large scale during your tenure of office.

.

3. In these circumstances it has been His Excellency's painful duty to consider whether it was necessary in the public interest to interdict you from office pending the enquiry into and settlement of your case. His Excellency has decided that it In view of the books having now been brought up to date, and

is not necessary.

543

of other circumstances, His Excellency is satisfied that there is no such risk of further misappropriations of public moneys in the Treasury, during the time that will be required for enquiring into and settling your case, as to necessitate your interdiction from office.

4. The Governor has next considered whether steps should be taken under the Colonial Regulations with a view to your suspension from office. On this point His Excellency has decided to lay the matter before the Secretary of State, and I am to request you to be so good as to furnish me at your early convenience with any explanation or statement that you may wish to be considered by the Secretary of State. The nature and bearing of the case, so far as it affects you, are sufficiently indicated in the Report of the Commission, and the Evidence attached to it, and the second paragraph of this letter; but I may briefly summarise them by stating that what requires explanation on your part is your failure to discharge the ordinary and primary duty of your office as Treasurer in taking steps to secure the immediate placing to the credit of the Government of all the Govern- ment moneys that reached your Office.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient servant,

The Honourable N. G. MITCHELL-Innes,

Colonial Treasurer,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN, Colonial Secretary.

SIR,

(Mr. N. G. Mitchell-Innes to Colonial Secretary.)

TREASURY, 22nd April, 1893.

I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter--Confidential of 11th instant-stating that His Excellency learns from the Report of the Commission on the Treasury and the Evidence recorded by them that, owing to neglect of duty on my part in not ensuring that the revenue which reached my Office was all placed to credit of Government, misappropriation of public moneys in the Treasury continued on a large scale during my tenure of office.

2. All moneys shewn in the daily collection book as received for Crown rent have, as a matter of fact, been placed to credit of Government, and the only means (other than the balancing of the Rent Roll) by which I could (as now appears) have discovered that these moneys did not represent the full amount actually paid in, was by checking each receipt into the Rent Roll. Apart from the fact that such checking of receipts has always been regarded as the duty of the Auditor and not of the Treasurer, reference to my letter No. 12 of 22nd March, 1892, (C. S. O. 728/92) will shew that more than a year ago I clearly stated what work the Treasury was actually performing, and pointed out that the systematic checking of receipts could not be properly performed by the Treasury with the existing Staff. To that position no exception has, so far as I am aware, been since taken.

3. I am therefore unable to concur in the statement that the misappropriation of public funds has been due to neglect on my part in this particular, nor, I may observe, has the Commission reported that such is the case except as connected with the non-balancing of the 1890 Rent Roll.

4. For my failure to appreciate on taking up office the necessity of having my predecessor's Rent Roll promptly balanced, and for the deplorable results of such failure, I beg to express again to His Excellency, as I have expressed before, my most sincere regret.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient servant,

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary,

&c.,

&c.,

&c

Treasurer.

544

SIR,

(Mr. N. G. Mitchell-Innes to Colonial Secretary.)

TREASURY, 22nd April, 1893.

With reference to the Report of the Treasury Commission I have the honour to enclose a statement to be laid before His Excellency the Governor. I shall be obliged by your informing him that I should esteem it a favour if he would kindly forward it to the Secretary of State when sending home the Report.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient servant,

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary,

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES,

Treasurer.

&c.,

&C.,

&c.

Statement of the Treasurer (N. G. Mitchell-Innes) with reference to the Report of the Treasury Commission.

22nd April, 1893.

On taking over the Treasury at the beginning of 1891, I found the Depart- ment in a state of perplexity as to its duties. In former years the Treasury had collected revenue and disbursed expenditure, looking to the Audit Office for the detection of errors on both sides. In charge of the various collections were trusted clerks of from 24 to 35 years' service to whom any change in the recognised practice was, naturally, distasteful, and to whom therefore it was in vain for the new Treasurer to look for assistance in introducing new methods.

2. Much difficulty was experienced by me in my endeavours to ascertain to what extent it was intended that the existing system should be modified.

3. In advocating the introduction of a home Audit the Secretary of State had drawn attention to the fact that the Colony would thereby be relieved of all audit work and would have the advantage of having in its midst a trained Auditor devoting his entire time to the checking of receipts.

4. At the same time the new Financial Instructions appeared to lay it down as an axiom that the Treasurer was to place no reliance on the Auditor, but to maintain his own checks and examination as though no such officer existed.

5. In my letter No. 12 of 22nd March, 1892, I clearly pointed out the difficulty in which I found myself. I stated that without an increased Staff it was impossible for me to maintain an efficient check on revenue, and I explained that the practice existing in the Treasury was to check expenditure and conduct occasional surprise visits to other departments, but to look to the Local Auditor to check revenue.

6. This explanation was, I believe, sent to the Secretary of State, as I was, while on leave, questioned on the subject. The reply I then gave was that, in view of the work actually being performed by the Local Auditor, I considered the practice I had described as existing as sufficient for practical purposes. As I have heard nothing further on the subject, I have understood that my views were agreed in.

7. I am still prepared to maintain that they were correct, the recent defalca- tions having been rendered practicable only by the examination of counterfoils by the Auditor having been a "test" instead of a perfect one, and their continuance having been permitted by the failure of successive Treasurers to promptly submit the Crown Rent Rolls for audit,

HONG KONG.

545

8. It is for this failure as regarded the 1890 Rent Roll that the Commission has found me to blame.

9. His Excellency is already aware that, regarding the arrear as I unfortu- nately did, as of a clerical nature only, I allowed myself to be imposed upon by ALVES' plea of overwork, and did not insist, as I should have done, on the book being promptly balanced and submitted for audit. I have elsewhere expressed my deep regret that, by my failure to appreciate the importance of this necessary check, the discovery of the existence of defalcations was unduly delayed.

10 As regards the receipt of Crown Rents by ALVES (the other point on which the Commission consider me to blame) I still maintain that it was perfectly possible for him to take payment repeatedly without my detecting it. Oc- cupying a room by himself as he did, he was only occasionally under my observation, and, even had I detected him in the act of receiving money, I might well have imagined that it was a private payment from some of the tenants of his own houses.

11. With reference to my letter of 22nd March, 1892, it might perhaps have been urged that, as the Treasurer has now only Treasury duties to attend to, he ought to have sufficient time at his disposal to enable him to check revenue, at any rate to a considerable extent, irrespective of whether the same work is being also performed by the Local Auditor or not.

12. I am unable to say with what expenditure of time over their duties former Treasurers were satisfied, but, (apart altogether from the question of the utility of performing the same work twice over) I can unhesitatingly assert that, now that the requirements of Somerset House have to be complied with, and that, owing to the withdrawal of the Audit Office and subsequently the Reference Clerk from the Colonial Secretary's Office, every document connected in any way with finance is now sent to the Treasurer for his consideration, I find, so far, that the work proper of the Treasurer takes longer than that of the Superintendent of the Gaol, the Police Magistrate, or the Registrar General (as all of which I have served,) while my late locum tenens assures me that he found it much more arduous than that of the post he at present occupies-Captain Superintendent of Police.

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES,

Treasurer.

(Secretary of State to Governor.)

SIR,

DOWNING STREET, 26 July, 1893.

I have given very careful consideration to your Confidential despatch of the 26th of April last reporting upon the serious defalcations which have occurred in the Hong Kong Treasury, and enclosing copies of the Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the matter, and of correspondence with Public Officers arising out of that Report.

2. It appears from these papers that ALVES, the late first Clerk in the Trea- sury, embezzled in the course of the five years, 1888 to 1892, nearly $63,000 of public money, and the circumstances which enabled him to do this are very clearly explained by the Commissioners, to whom the Colonial Government is indebted for a very careful and clear Report. I concur in their conclusions as to the persons who, by neglect or omission of duty, allowed the frauds to be committed. Omitting the names of minor delinquents, the officers chiefly to blame were:-

(i) The late Mr. LISTER, for authorizing ALVES to sign receipts, for engaging a Shroff, who could not read English, and for failing to cause the Rent Roll to be made up at the proper time, although this omission was brought to his notice by an Audit clerk.

546

(ii) Mr. WODEHOUSE, sometime Acting Treasurer, for neglect in not causing the Rent Rolls of 1887, 1888 and 1889 to be made up at the proper time.

(iii) Mr. MAY, who acted for a short time as Treasurer, for similar neglect,

to which his attention was drawn by the Auditor, Mr. NICOLLE. (iv) Mr. MITCHELL-INNES, for not causing the Rent Rolls to be made up although his attention was similarly called to the matter by Mr. NICOLLE; for failing to make himself acquainted with the manner in which public business was being conducted in his Department, and for misreading and not enforcing the Instructions laid down for the conduct of business in his Office.

(v) Mr. NICOLLE, for not reporting in writing to the Government the neglect of duty on the part of the Treasurer and Acting Treasurer, which prevented him from duly discharging his duties as Auditor. 3. The officer to whom the heaviest amount of blame must be attributed is unquestionably Mr. MITCHELL-INNES; and I regret to observe that he has not improved his position by the tone and temper of his defence. He, no doubt, mis- apprehended the relative duties of a Treasurer and an Auditor; but in considering the weight to be attached to this excuse, it must be borne in mind that, upon his appointment as Treasurer, he received special instruction as to the responsibilities and duties of his office, namely those conveyed in my predecessor's despatch No. 194 of the 11th of September, 1890; and also that in the same year Financial Instructions for Hong Kong were drawn up, which, if they had been followed with even ordinary intelligence, would have prevented the later defalcations, or at least have led to their earlier detection. Although Mr. MITCHELL-INNES had, prior to being appointed Treasurer, no special financial experience, an officer of his standing and experience must be taken to have been well aware that it is a Treasurer's duty to close and balance his books at the end of the year, and that it is the duty of every head of a department to be thoroughly acquainted with the manner in which the business of his Office is conducted, and to satisfy himself by constant personal investigation that his Staff conform in all respects to the rules and regulations. Further, it might have been expected that a gentleman who after a comparatively short service had been promoted to a new and important position, would have sought to justify the exceptional confidence reposed in him by setting himself to master and improve the administration of his Department, instead of acquiescing in arrangements made by his predecessors, which, as it happens, have proved to be defective, and assuming that those arrangements were being faithfully observed by his staff.

5. As to the action to be taken in the case, I have to observe that whilst I consider that it would be harsh to require Mr. MITCHELL-INNES to make good to the Colonial Government the full amount of the defalcation which occurred during hs icontrol of the Treasury, I must mark my sense of his shortcomings, by direct- ing that, as a condition of his remaining in the public service, he be required to pay into the Colonial Treasury a fine of $1,000 which may, if he prefers it, be paid in such instalments as you may think reasonable. It will also be your duty to convey to him a severe censure from me on his shortcomings in the conduct of his Department and his neglect to comply with the requirements of the Auditor.

1.

6. Further, as he has not justified his selection for the headship of a depart- ment in Hong Kong, it will be necessary for me to arrange, if possible, for his transfer to another Colony. But such transfer will not mean a promotion, but I trust that elsewhere and in the discharge of different duties he will gain the con- fidence of the Government under which he serves, and thus possibly build up a claim to promotion hereafter.

7. Mr. WODEHOUSE and Mr. MAY must also be censured, but less severely for their respective shares in the responsibility for what happened. I am glad, how- ever, to add that I regard the blame which attaches to Mr. MAY as comparatively slight, and I recognise that he showed zeal and capacity in other respects during his short tenure of the office of Treasurer.

8. As regards Mr. NICOLLE's share in the matter, I shall not anticipate the judgment of the Comptroller and Auditor General. It must, however, be recog- nised that his position was a difficult one, and that as a new comer to the Colony, called upon to introduce and carry out a system to which there was strong local hostility, it was intelligible that he should have shrunk from what might seem to others a needlessly rigid interpretation of his duties; and, after all, it was to him that the discovery of the frauds was ultimately duc.

A

Governor

547

9. I presume that ALVES' security bond has been enforced so as to recover a portion of the amount embezzled by him, and I take the opportunity of asking whether this course was actually taken in the BARRADAS case, in accordance with paragraph 11 of my predecessor's despatch No. 194 of the 11th of September, 1890.

10. I have observed with some surprise the confusion of mind exhibited by Mr. MITCHELL-INNES and others as to the relative responsibilities of accounting and auditing officers. Mr. MITCHELL-INNES, for instance, showed a disposition to advance a theory that it is not the duty of the Treasurer but the duty of the Auditor alone to see that the Government is not defrauded of Revenue. The proper view of the responsibilities of a Treasurer was set forth more than once, viz.: (1) in Lord KNUTSFORD'S despatch of the 11th of September, 1890 to which references has just been made, (2) in the Financial Instructions, and (3) quite recently in my despatch No. 70 of the 21st of April last.

I trust that it has now been made perfectly clear to the public service of Hongkong that the Audit of Revenue by the Local Auditor is intended, not to relieve the Treasurer of responsibility, but to secure the performance of his duty, that the Treasurer is responsible for the collection, receipt and safe keeping of Government money, that, if the Auditor finds that the Revenue is being defrauded by the public, it is prima facie evidence of neglect or laxity of duty on the part of the Treasurer, and that if the Treasury Staff ignore financial regulations and em- bezzle public funds, in course either of receipt or of payment, it is the Treasurer who will, unless in exceptional circumstances, be held pecuniarily responsible for the accruing loss.

11. I observe that it is stated in these papers that there is great pressure on the Treasury during the first few days after the dates at which rents or taxes become due. I would suggest that it might be possible to classify the persons. liable to pay rents and taxes, and to arrange with them that they should make their payments at the Treasury during particular weeks or on particular days, within a certain limit of time after the date at which the payments fall legally due. Under present circumstances, these taxes cannot be fully collected in a shorter time than three months, and the Government would not, therefore, as far as I can judge, be seriously damnified by the proposed arrangement, which would have the advan- tage of obviating the pressure complained of.

12. It seems to me doubtful whether the Shroffs at the Treasury, who receive public money,

should be allowed to use private chops for stamping the receipts which are given to the public, and I should be glad to know whether chops could not be provided for them bearing, in addition to their own personal device, the Royal Crown or some suitable public emblem. A die-sinker would presumably hesitate to execute such a chop if asked to do so by a private person, as the pre- sumption would at once arise that he desired to possess himself of a forged chop.

13. It occurs to me, further, that if the Receipts for Crown Rents and their counterfoils are, as no doubt they are, numbered, and if, when a rent is recorded as paid in the Rent Roll the number of the Receipt were entered in that record, the Auditor, would have no difficulty in detecting any case in which a payment there recorded as made had no tally among the counterfoils or in the Cash Book.

14. In conclusion I note that it would seem from the evidence taken by the Commissioners that ALVES' dishonesty was traceable to building speculations on his part, and that these speculations were more or less matter of notoriety. I trust that the rules which were enclosed in your despatch No. 292 of the 12th October last are being rigidly carried out, for it cannot be too soon understood in the Government service that jobbing and speculation in real property will be assumed to be incompatible with honest and honourable discharge of public duties.

15. I am not aware that there is any particular reason why this despatch and the despatch to which it is an answer should be kept confidential but leave the matter to your discretion.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient,

Sir W. ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

St.,

&c.,

&c.

humble servant,

RIPON

548

No. 175.

MY LORD MARQUESS,

(Governor to Secretary of State.)

GOVERNMENT HOUSE,

HONGKONG, 2nd September, 1893.

I have already communicatad to Your Lordship the reply of Mr. MITCHELL- INNES, the Colonial Treasurer, to the letter which I addressed to him in pursuance of the instructions conveyed in Your Lordship's despatch of 26th July last; and I have now the honour to report that the intimations directed in the same des- patch have been conveyed to Messrs. WODEHOUSE and May,

2. In reply to the ninth paragraph of Your Lordship's despatch, I have to state that ALVES gave no security, as in the proper discharge of his duties he had nothing whatever to do with the receipt or custody of money. BARRADAS, late of Post Office, Hongkong, gave security to the amount of $5,000; steps were taken to put his bond in suit, and on the Attorney General's advice a tender of $2,500, by way of satisfaction of the claim against his surety arising on the bond, was accepted by my predecessor. It is doubtful whether, if the case had proceeded to trial, the Government would have recovered anything.

3. The suggestions made in the 11th, 12th, and 13th paragraphs of Your Lordship's despatch will receive careful consideration.

I

4. The rules referred to in the 14th paragraph will be strictly carried out. recently declined to sanction an application made by a subordinate officer for the conversion of a farm lease held by him into a building lease with a view to the

stablishment of a factory on the land.

I have the honour to be,

My Lord,

Your Lordship's most obedient

humble servant,

The Right Honourable

W. ROBINSON.

THE MARQUESS OF RIPON,

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

-

HONGKONG.

REPORT

OF THE

COMMISSIONERS

APPOINTED BY

HIS EXCELLENCY SIR WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G.,

Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Hongkong

and its Dependencies, and Vice-Admiral of the same,

TO INVESTIGATE INTO THE WORKING

OF THE

TREASURY DEPARTMENT,

TOGETHER WITH THE

MINUTES OF EVIDENCE TAKEN BEFORE THE COMMISSION.

DR

HONGKONG:

PRINTED BY NORONIA & Co.,

Government Printers.

1893.

549

REPORT

By letter of the Honourable the Colonial Secretary, dated the 20th February last, we, the undersigned, were appointed members of a Commission to enquire into and report on the defalcations in the Treasury, and to ascertain and report

(a) The amount of the defalcations,

(b) By what person or persons they have been committed,

(c) What other person or persons, if any, may by neglect of duty, or otherwise,

have directly or indirectly contributed thereto, and

(d) The causes that rendered the defalcations possible, and those that prevented

their earlier detection; also to advise what steps should, in the opinion of the Commission, be taken in order, as far as possible, to prevent the recurrence of defalcations, and to ensure their prompt detection if com- mitted.

2. Accordingly we have examined :--

1. Mr. N. G. MITCHELL-INNES, Treasurer.

2. Mr. HILGROVE C. NICOLLE, Local Auditor.

3. Mr. H. E. WODEHOUSE, Sometime Acting Treasurer.

4. Mr. J. A. DE CARVALHO, formerly First Clerk in the Treasury.

5. Mr. F. H. MAY, sometime Acting Treasurer.

6. CHEUNG WAN CHUNG, Second Shroff in the Treasury.

7. Mr. A. R. MADAR, sometime Clerk in the Treasury.

8. Mr. F. FREIRE,

and

>>

""

9. Mr. BRUCE SHEPHERD, Deputy Land Officer.

3. Having considered the evidence given by them and examined certain books and papers which have been produced to us, we have the honour to report as follows.

4. It is impossible, on account of certain books having disappeared, viz.: The Rent Rolls for the years 1888 and 1889; Mr. ALVES' Cash Book of daily collections up to the 31st March, 1892; the Counterfoils of Receipts for Crown Rents up to the end of 1890; and about half of the books of 1891 and 1892, to ascertain the exact amount of the defalcations, as in their absence we have no means of fixing the exact sum received by ALVES.

From the evidence given we have every reason to believe that the only defalcations have taken place in the Crown Rents.

5. We have obtained from Mr. BRUCE SHEPHERD, Acting Land Officer, the amounts which should have been collected for Crown Rents for the years 1888 to 1892 as follows:-

Rent Roll Midsummer, 1888,

Christmas, 1888,

""

Midsummer, 1889,

Christmas, 1889,

Midsummer, 1890,

""

Christmas, 1890,

.

335

21

25

Midsummer, 1891,

Christmas, 1891, Midsummer, 1892, Christmas, 1892,

$86,873.91

90,011.22

93,012.65

94,339.68

93,912.41

94,532.28

96,144.60

96,497.61

97,914.54

97,914.54

Total........

...

$941,153.44

[iv]

From this total some abatements have to be made, but Mr. BRUCE SHEPHERD is of opinion that a sum of $5,000 would cover these.

6. Taking then the amount which should have been received for Crown Rent during the above mentioned years at..

and adding thereto the balance of arrears outstanding on the 31st December, 1887, taken from a Rent Roll of that year, the last which has been added up and audited,

we arrive at a total of

$936,153.44

84,192.51

$1,020,345.95

whereas only the sum of.....

has been paid into the Treasury in respect of these collections, leaving a

balance of.............

which should be outstanding on the 31st December last, whereas the Rent Roll balanced on that day shows arrears amounting to

the difference

873,888.29

$146,457.66

83,639.93

$62,817.73

being the amount which we fix as the total of the defalcations, and we beg to report accordingly. The sum appears to have been taken as follows:-

1888 and 1889

1890

1891

1892

$29,480.07 ... 12,900.98

11,053.49.

9,383.19.

$62,817.73

7. In answer to the second question, viz. :-By what person or persons they have been committed, we beg to state that all the evidence points to ALVES, the second clerk and accountant, as the only guilty party.

8. With regard to (c) what other person or persons, if any, may by neglect of duty, or otherwise, have directly or indirectly contributed thereto, we report as follows:--As stated above, the only defalcations have taken place in the Crown Rents, a branch of revenue respecting which there was an absolute check, as the exact amount which the collector should have received and accounted for was known every six months.

9. The system of collecting or receiving Crown Rents was supposed to be or should have been as follows:

Mr. ALVES was the second clerk and accountant in the Treasury; his duties being to make up the Crown Rent Roll and the Journal, to close up the Colonial Accounts, the Yearly Accounts and also the Crown Agents' Accounts, which Mr. MITCHELL-INNES says was a complicated matter, and he had also to make returns for Somerset House. This last duty we presume was only since the new system of auditing has been in force.

10. The Rent Roll was made up from a return received every six months from the Land Office. It gives the number of the Lot, the name of the Lessee, the amount of the arrears on the 1st January, the amount due for the current year, the amount paid in the course of each half-year, the dates of payment, and the amount outstanding on the last day of the year. This book it was ALVES' duty to make and keep up and balance at the end of each year.

[v]

11. All sums of money due for Crown Rent were to be paid to a shroff specially appointed for the purpose. Persons coming to pay rent would generally bring with them some memorandum of the amount due or their last receipt. The shroff would pass that on to ALVES, or in any case of difficulty would go to ALVES, who, upon being satisfied that the proper amount was tendered, would enter. the amount and the number of the receipt into a small cash book which he kept, he would then fill in a printed form of receipt taken from a book with counterfoil and consecutive numbers and give it to the shroff to make an entry thereof in his cash book, the shroff would then chop the receipt and hand it, when duly signed, to the person bringing the money. At the end of the day the shroff would compare his book with that of ALVES, if both agreed the amount was reported to Mr. CARVALHO, the cashier, who made a memorandum for the bank and the money was paid in at once.

*

12. We have stated above that the receipt should be duly signed, we beg to explain this as follows:-Previous to the 14th December, 1883, all the receipts for Crown Rents, Taxes, Licences, &c. were signed by Mr. CARVALHO, the chief clerk and cashier, but on account of complaint made by CARVALHO that the signing of these receipts took up too much of his time, a change was made and in a memorandum dated the 14th De- cember, 1883, Mr. LISTER, who was then Treasurer, stated that it would tend to the better working of the department if receipts, licences and other formal documents were in future in each case to be signed by the officer responsible for the issue or the correct- ness of the document, instead of being signed by the cashier himself.

From that date accordingly all receipts for Crown Rents were signed by ALVES and chopped by the shroff.

This placed the whole control over the receipt of Crown Rents in the hands of ALVES. 13. It was never intended that ALVES should receive money; he was merely to control and check the receipt of money by the shroff, but if money was sent or paid direct to him (ALVES) there was no control over him, and as he signed the receipts himself it was easy for him, if so inclined, to make away with such money, unless pre- cautions were taken by some checks or surprise visits in the department itself, and unless his Rent Roll was added up and balanced soon after the expiry of the year,

if not at the end of every six months.

14. In the absence of ALVES' cash books it is impossible to ascertain the specific and separate sums embezzled, and even if it could be ascertained it would serve no practical purpose, as the method adopted by ALVES in his defalcations appears to have been as follows:-

15. When money was sent or taken to him, he either-

(a) Paid it over to the shroff;

(b) Paid part of it to the shroff, taking with him the printed form of receipt in which appeared in figures the amount he paid over but in words at length the real amount which had been paid to him. The shroff could not read English but knew English figures, he compared the figures on the receipt with the money handed over to him, made an entry in his cash book, chopped the receipt and handed it back to ALVES, who then made the figures agree with the other part of the receipt and gave or sent it to the payer;

(c) Or else he appropriated the whole amount sent to him and made out a receipt on a printed form of his own, which he must have had printed for the purpose, signed the name, and chopped it with a forged chop.

In the case (b) he made the counterfoil correspond with the amount handed by him to the shroff, and not with the amount paid to himself. In the Rent Roll he entered the full amount which he had received, while in his cash book (or Daily Collection book) he entered only the amount paid by him to the shroff.

:

[vi]

In case (c) he made out no counterfoil nor entry in his cash book, but so far as we have been able to ascertain, he entered the amount in the Rent Roll as paid, thus affording ample proof of his fraud if this book had been added up and balanced as it should have been.

16. The result of this system and want of supervision as to the receipt of money by ALVES has been that he was able, whenever money was paid directly to him, to hand over the whole or part of it to the shroff or to appropriate the whole of it without any chance of detection so long as a discrepancy was not discovered between an entry in a counterfoil and the corresponding entry in the Rent Roll, and so long as the Rent Roll was not added up and balanced.

17. It appears that it was also part of his duty as accountant to prepare the Esti- mates of Revenues. It was therefore easy for him, by under-estimating the Revenue, to abstract a considerable sum every year and yet bring the receipts up to the Estimates.

18. The defalcations appear to have commenced in 1888.

19. The Rent Roll for 1887 was audited and examined only on the 9th May, 1889. There is no evidence that the Rent Rolls for 1888 and 1889 were ever added up or balanced, and everything points to their not having been added up and closed, they have never been audited or examined by the Auditor General.

The Rent Rolls for 1890, 1891 and 1892 have lately been added up, only since the discovery of the defalcations.

20. Mr. LISTER was Treasurer from 1883 till June, 1888, when he went home on leave, being replaced by Mr. WODEHOUSE who acted as Treasurer from June, 1888, till the 18th January, 1890.

Mr. LISTER resumed his duties on that date until the 21st June, 1890, when he was again replaced by Mr. WODEHOUSE who acted till the 1st January, 1891, date of the appointment of Mr. MITCHELL-INNES as Treasurer. Mr. MITCHELL-INNES was absent on leave for six months in 1892, being replaced by Mr. F. H. MAY.

21. With respect to the neglect of adding up the total amount received for Crown Rent and balancing the Rent Roll at the end of each year since 1887, Mr. CARVALHO says that after Mr. LISTER had authorised ALVES to sign the receipts there was no check over him, that the Rent Roll book was supposed to be closed within three months after the end of the year, that it could have been balanced every six months, that if properly balanced it would have been a complete check, and that there was no reason why it should not have been balanced.

He first said it was the Auditor's duty and then the Treasurer's duty to see that the book was duly balanced but it was no part of his duty, that he went after the clerks to balance these books as soon as possible, but they had always some excuse, he did not complain to Mr. LISTER that the books were not balanced. Mr. FREIRE who audited the book told him that he had complained to Mr. LISTER, who told him to mind his own business.

22. Mr. FREIRE says it was his duty to examine the Rent Roll when completed, that was the instruction that he got from Dr. STEWART. He asked for the Rent Roll of 1887 but was told that ALVES had to wait for a certain book from the Land Office or the Surveyor General. Then ALVES said he was always busy and he reported this to Dr. STEWART and Mr. LISTER. He recollected on another occasion when he spoke to Mr. LISTER he told him to mind his own business. This was in 1886 or 1887 and he then reported to Dr. STEWART that the book had not been balanced.

23. Mr. NICOLLE, who was appointed Local Auditor in January, 1890, and who arrived in April of that year, says that a few days after his arrival he went to the Treasury and began his examination. He required for that purpose the counterfoil receipt books, the daily receipts, a book kept by ALVES, the Rent Roll, Cash Book, Journal and Ledger. He does not know whether the books of 1888 or 1889 have been

[vii]

balanced, those for 1890 and 1891 were not balanced. He was responsible for seeing that the books for 1890 were balanced. He called the attention several times of the Treasurer and Acting Treasurer to this fact but he cannot give any dates. He did not do so in writing but only in conversation. He could not audit the books properly until this book was added up. As far as the Treasurer furnished him with books and vouchers he checked the accounts. He did not discover the defalcation sooner because the book was not added up or balanced, and however minute his examination was, the system followed by ALVES would screen him until the book was balanced, or until he -the Local Auditor-by chance lighted upon one of the cases in which the counterfoil of the receipt did not agree with the Rent Roll.

24. Mr. F. H. MAY, who was Acting Treasurer from 31st March till the 7th October, says that Mr. NICOLLE on two occasions spoke to him about the Rent Roll not being balanced. The first time was not long after he took charge and again as far as he can remember in August. He spoke to ALVES, who was very busy and who was working at it. ALVES showed Mr. MAY the book and he (Mr. MAY) regarded it as a clerical arrear which would be soon wiped off. In August he urged ALVES to get on with it as quickly as possible. That was the Rent Roll for 1891. Mr. NICOLLE's words were to the effect "I wish you would hurry up ALVES about the Rent Roll, he has not closed his book yet.

""

25. Mr. WODEHOUSE, in his evidence, states that he relied upon the auditor as the only practicable check. If money was taken to ALVES the only check would be the audit. He constantly examined the Rent Roll and he considered that to enable the auditor to properly check the accounts it was necessary that the Rent Roll should have been written up and balanced. He was of opinion that there was no real check except the balancing and continuous auditing, and he admitted after some questions that if the books had been balanced within a month of the expiry of the year the deficit would have been ascertained at once.

26. Having considered the evidence which has been given on this point, we beg to report as follows:-

The order of Mr. LISTER dated the 14th December, 1883, authorizing Mr. ALVES to sign the receipts, placed the whole control of the receipt of rent in his hands, without any control over him in respect of monies which he might have received personally, and should any fraud be committed in the course of the year, the only means of de- tection lay in the balancing of the Rent Roll at the end of the year. That seeing that the Land Office furnished an account of all monies which ought to have been received, and that the Audit or Treasury Ledger showed what had been paid into the Treasury for the year on account of Crown Rents, the fraud would have been discovered at once, if the columns in the Rent Roll for sums received had been added up soon after the end of the year, for it is proved that ALVES kept these correctly.

27. Both Mr. WODEHOUSE and Mr. MITCHELL-INNES say they now see and ack- nowledge that balancing the books was the only check, but they did not at the time realize the importance, and they looked to the Audit Office to detect any fraud, but they did not furnish the Audit with the necessary books. They both knew of the power which had been placed in ALVES' hands by his signing the receipts.

They were responsible for the proper keeping of the books and accounts; it was therefore their duty to see that no arrears of rent were being allowed to accumulate, yet they did not insist on ALVES adding up and balancing this book.

They should not have accepted his excuse that he had too much work, but should have enquired what the other work was, and have relieved him of it if necessary, and insisted on the book being balanced within a reasonable time after the end of the year.

28. The fact that there was an Audit did not relieve them of the responsibility "that all revenue be properly received, that proper rules are observed and proper pre-

Jury

[viii]

cautions taken to control all receipts by the department;" and if they relied so much on the Audit as they say they did, it was doubly their duty to see that the necessary books and accounts were furnished in due time to the Audit Office.

29. The defalcations, as we have reported, began in Mr. WODEHOUSE's time, and amounted in the years 1886 to 1889 to $29,480, and would have been detected by some vigilance on his part; yet in justice to him it must be observed that he only carried out the system which had been in force for some years, and he did not appreciate then the value or necessity of the books being balanced.

30. Mr. MITCHELL-INNES, who took over the duties of Treasurer on the 1st Jan- uary, 1891, was to devote the whole of his time to the working of this Office. It was his duty to close the account of 1890, to ascertain the amount of arrears outstanding, and to cause the Rent Roll of 1890 to be balanced as soon as possible, especially when his attention was called to it by the Local Auditor. He states that on Mr. NICOLLE speaking to him about balancing the book he spoke to ALVES and was met by the plea of press of work, and he expected it to be brought up to date gradually.

31. The defalcations of 1891 and 1892 would have been avoided if the balancing of this Rent Roll of 1890 had been taken in hand in proper time.

32. We are of opinion that Mr. NICOLLE should have required the Treasurer in writing to complete the book at once, and failing compliance with this request, to have reported the matter to the Governor.

33. In our opinion the balancing of this book is not such a laborious work as it is represented to be, much of it could and should have been done during the course of the

year.

34. The evidence of Mr. BRUCE SHEPHERD disposes of ALVES' excuse that he could not close the account because he was waiting for a certain book from the Land Office.

85. During the years 1888, 1889 and 1890 the Treasurer was always an officer who had other duties to perform, and the working and supervision of the Office would naturally be left more to the chief clerk than if the head of the Treasury had had no other duties to perform. We cannot therefore acquit Mr. CARVALHO of blame. We think that some supervision on his part would have revealed to him the fact that ALVES was daily receiving money. In fact he says in his evidence that he might sometimes have handed a cheque to ALVES and that ALVES might have received cheques; and it is hardly possible that Mr. CARVALHO could be ignorant of the fact that ALVES was in the habit of receiving money. Having been chief clerk so long and acquainted with the work of that Office, he was in a position to appreciate the importance of balancing the books; he should therefore have himself caused the books to be balanced, and in default of this being done, he should have brought the fact to the notice of Mr. LISTER and his successors, and pointed out to them the importance of the books being closed.

36. The then Auditor General is to blame for allowing such a long delay between the end of the year and his examination of the books, thus:—

The Rent Roll of 1882 was balanced on

7/10/81

11

1883

22

1884

>>

11

1885

"2

1886

11

22

1887

.12/11/84

19/12/85

7/11/86

29/ 8/88

The Rent Rolls for 1888 and 1889 have never been balanced.

9/ 5/89

[ix]

37. Mr. MAY should have insisted on the Rent Roll of 1890 being at once balanced, as it was about 15 months in arrear when he took charge of the Office.

We are of opinion that he is mistaken when he says that Mr. NICOLLE referred to the Rent Roll of 1891.

38. We therefore find that the following persons have by neglect or omission of duty indirectly allowed the frauds to be committed :---

1. Mr. LISTER for authorizing ALVES to sign these receipts, for appointing a shroff who could not read English, and for not insisting on the books being balanced soon after the end of every year, especially as the matter was brought to his notice by the Auditor.

2. Mr. WODEHOUSE by neglect in not causing the Rent Rolls of 1887, 1888 and 1889 to be balanced in proper time and thus ascertaining what sums appeared as having been paid in and what amount had actually been received by the Treasury..

3. Mr. MITCHELL-INNES in not causing the Rent Roll of 1890 to be balanced, especially when his attention was called to it by Mr. NICOLLE. We are also of opinion that if ordinary supervision had been exercised by him, he would have discovered that ALVES was constantly receiving money direct from the public.

4. Mr. NICOLLE by not reporting to the Governor the fact that he had not been able to obtain the books properly balanced necessary for his auditing.

5. Mr. CARVALHO, chief clerk, &c. He ought to have exercised greater supervision over all the Clerks, and not have permitted such arrears in the keeping of the books.

6. Mr. MAY because he did not carry out Mr. NICOLLE'S requirement as to

balancing the book.

7. The Audit department for the years 1884 to 1890.

39. With respect to the neglect of Mr. WODEHOUSE and Mr. MITCHELL-INNES mentioned is paragraph 38 we beg to remark that the gentlemen who have in turn filled the office of Treasurer do not seem to have appreciated the absolute necessity of balancing the books as being the only effective check, and they seem all to have relied on the Audit department.

The new Financial Instructions, dated 1891, distinctly say that the Treasurer's checks are to be independent of the Audit.

Mr. MITCHELL-INNES says that the Secretary of State's instructions do not agree with the Financial Instructions and that the Secretary of State had said that the Treasurer would have no auditing to do when the new Audit system came into force ;; that he-Mr. MITCHELL-INNES-wrote a despatch pointing this out and stating that he could not be responsible for the checking of the receipts unless the Treasury staff was increased.

40. (d) The causes that rendered the defalcations possible and those that prevented their earlier detection.

As we have above set out these causes were the complete control given to ALVES over the receipt of money, without any check on him; the appointment of a shroff who could not read the contents of a receipt which he chopped; the non-balancing of the Rent Rolls of 1888 to 1892, and the unlimited confidence which the several heads of the Treasury and the Audit placed in Mr. ALVES.

THE

[x]

41. With respect to what steps should be taken in order as far as possible to prevent the recurrence of defalcations and to ensure their prompt detection if committed, we beg to recommend as follows:-

1. The Treasurer should be instructed to see that proper checks are carried

out independently of the Audit.

2. Whenever practicable more than one officer should be cognizant of and take

part in the receipt of money.

3. Notices should be posted up in the Treasury in English and Chinese to the effect that all monies paid in should be handed directly to the shroff ap- pointed to receive that particular branch of revenue, and that parties paying money to the Treasury should see that they receive a receipt duly signed by the clerk in charge of the branch of revenue and by the Treasurer or chief clerk and chopped or signed by the shroff.

4. All cheques for monies paid in should be to the order of the Treasurer and

crossed Hongkong and Shanghai Bank.

5. The following officers in the Treasury should furnish security:-

(a) The Treasurer.

(b) The Chief Clerk and Cashier.

(c) The Clerks in charge of the Crown Rent, Taxes, and other branches

of revenue.

(d) The Shroffs.

42. With respect to Crown Rents we recommend that the Treasury Rent Roll should be simplified in order that it may be speedily balanced every 6 months. We suggest that the Rent Roll now in use be closed as soon as possible and balanced either at the end of June next or at the end of the year; that a list of arrears then outstanding should be made out and when passed by the Auditor as agreeing with the Rent Roll should be sent to the Crown Solicitor for collection if necessary.

43. The Treasury Ledger should be so kept as to shew the collections for Crown Rents for each separate period of six months.

44. After the 25th June next or at the end of the year the Treasury Rent Roll should be in the form annexed.

SUGGESTED FORM OF RENT ROLL.

No. of Name of Lot. Lessee.

Amount due for first half-year.

Date of payment.

Amount paid.

Amount due second half-year.

Date of Amount paid.. payment.

Remarks.

}

Sp

1

[xi

45. The Rent Roll from the Land Office should be transmitted to the Treasury within one month from the 25th December and the 25th June respectively, extra as- sistance being granted to the Land Office if necessary.

46. It should be the duty of the Treasurer personally from time to time to examine the Rent Roll to see whether it is properly kept, that the corrections sent from time to time by the Land Office are duly made, that the dates of payment of sums received are duly written up, and that the columns of sums paid are added up as far as possible in the course of the current six months.

47. At the end of March and September in each year respectively notice should be inserted in the newspapers calling upon all Crown Lessees who have not paid their Crown Rent to do so within one month from the date of the notice. If necessary a second notice should be inserted at the end of April and October informing Crown Lessees that all Crown Rent unpaid by the end of May and November respectively will be recovered judicially.

By these means we are of opinion that the whole, or very nearly the whole, of the Crown Rent would be paid by the end of May and November respectively, the Rent Roll could thus be easily prepared for balancing.

48. On the 25th June and the 25th December the books should be closed so far as all Crown Rent for the preceding six months is concerned, and at the end of the books the result of the balance should be made to appear as follows:-

Total amount due as per Land Office Rent Roll, ...$

Deductions to be made therein,

$

Additions thereto,

Total sum to be received,...

Amount paid in shewn by Treasury Ledger,

Balance due,

Represented by :-

$

Here set out the names of the Crown Lessees in arrears as follows:-

Lots.

Name.

Amount due.

When paid. Amount paid.

Remainder due.

[xii]

49. We are of opinion that if the Rent Roll be kept in this form and duly written up in the course of the six months, there is no reason why it should not be balanced and finally closed in the form above mentioned in about 3 weeks from the end of each six months. It should be the Treasurer's duty to see that this is done and to report to the Governor if not done. The Treasurer should at once ascertain that the amounts appearing as arrears are really due, and take the necessary steps for their recovery.

50. This system or something on these lines would prevent fraud as far as possible, and if properly carried out would detect any defalcations as soon as the books are balanced.

51. A similar system should be established for the Taxes. The amount thereof can be easily calculated from the Valuation Roll and the account of Taxes received should be so kept in the Treasury as to shew the amount received for each quarter so that the Roll can easily be checked and balanced with the amounts received. It should be the duty of the Treasurer to see that this is done as soon as possible.

52. Licences, &c. In all cases in which money is recoverable at the Treasury on documents issued by other departments and transmitted to the Treasury, such as Licences, &c., a list of the same should be prepared in duplicate by the department issuing them, one copy should be sent to the Treasurer, the other to the Local Auditor. It should be the Treasurer's duty to see that the books and accounts respecting these receipts are properly kept and balanced at stated intervals, and they should be inspected by him from time to time.

53. A similar system should obtain in other departments and it should be the Treasurer's duty to make visits to these from time to time and see that the proper checks are carried out.

54. With respect to the Rates and Taxes due from some of the outlying districts, which in many cases amount to very small sums, and are difficult of collection, we suggest the advisability of making a small increase in the Crown Rent and exempting these small villages from all Rates.

EDW. J. ACKROYD,

Chairman.

JOHN THURBURN.

S. GODFREY BIRD.

4th April, 1893.

EVIDENCE

taken by the Commission appointed to investigate into the working

of the Treasury Department.

FIRST MEETING,

February 28th, 1893.

Present:-Mr. E. J. ACKROYD, Chairman.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Mr. S. G. BIRD.

Mr. F. J. BADELEY, Secretary.

The Secretary read the following letter from the Colonial Secretary

No. 273.

SIR,

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,

HONGKONG, 20th February, 1893.

I am directed to acquaint you that the Governor has been pleased to appoint you to be Chairman of a Commission to enquire into and report on the defalcations in the Treasury. The other members of the Commission are Messrs. J. THURBURN and S. G. BIRD, with whom you will be so good as to arrange for an early meeting with a view to the prompt prosecution of the investigation. The Treasurer has been instructed to afford every facility and information in his power that the Commission may require for the purposes of their enquiry.

2. The scope of the Commission is to ascertain and report,—

(a) The amount of the defalcations,

(b) By what person or persons they have been committed,

(c) What other person or persons, if any, may by neglect of duty, or otherwise,

have directly or indirectly contributed thereto, and

(d) The causes that rendered the defalcations possible, and those that prevented their earlier detection; also to advise what step sshould, in the opinion of the Commission, be taken in order, as far as possible, to prevent the recurrence of defalcations, and to ensure their prompt detection if committed.

3. His Excellency desires me to impress upon you that it is very desirable that the enquiry should be completed and the report of the Commission rendered with the utmost despatch compatible with thoroughness of investigation.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

His Honour E. J. ACKROYD,

&c.,

&c.,

&c.

G. T. M. O'BRIEN,

Colonial Secretary.

(2)

The Chairman (to Honourable N. G. Mitchell-Innes).—Mr. Mitchell-Innes, by virtue of this letter I propose to open this Commission to-day, and I think the first person to be called is yourself. You will give us some information as to how the books were kept and so on, in order that we may see what further evidence we shall require.

Honourable N. G. Mitchell-Innes (Colonial Treasurer) called.

The Chairman.-When were you appointed Colonial Treasurer?

A. At the beginning of 1891.

Q.

Did you take office at once?

A. Yes.

Q.

How long had you been in the service before that?

A. For about 9 years.

Q. What positions have you held?

A. I had been Assistant Registrar General, Assistant Colonial Secretary, Acting Police Magistrate, Acting Superintendent of the Gaol, and Acting Registrar General.

.—When you took over the Treasuryship did you see what books were kept or what was the system of accounts?

A.-I went generally through them.

Q.-What books were kept when you took up the position?

A.-The books then were practically the same as they now are. There is a cash book, journal, and ledger, counterfoil receipt books, and subsidiary books for the collec- tion of different items. There is also a Rent-Roll.

Mr. Thurburn. The system now is the same as it has been for several years past? A. Yes, the general system of book-keeping.

The Chairman.-When you took charge did you make any change in the system?

A.-No. Changes were made as I joined, or just before I joined. The ledger, for instance, used to be kept by the Audit Office, but I do not know whether it was a year before, or just when I took charge, that it came to the Treasury.

Q. When you took charge Mr. Nicolle was in the Colony?

A. Yes.

Q. And the changes you speak of were made in consequence of his being here?

A. Yes.

Q.-What staff had you in the Treasury then?

A.--I had the cashier, Mr. J. A. Carvalho. He was cashier and first clerk. The second clerk and accountant was Alves. The third clerk was Madar. The fourth clerk was E. A. Carvalho. The fifth clerk was Freire.

Q.-Freire had just joined?

A. Not long before, I think. The sixth clerk was young Mr. Silva.

-What money is actually received into the Treasury? I know in a certain

sense that all goes in, but what money actually passes in?

A.-About three-quarters of the revenue of the Colony.

Q.-What does that consist of?

A.-Crown rents, taxes, licences, and the Opium Farm fee. There are some subordinate receipts also.

Q.-But those you have mentioned are the principal?

A. Yes.

(3)

Q.-By taxes, I suppose you mean the 13 % on rent?

A. Yes.

Q.-Was there any document showing the division of duties between these officers? A.-No. You mean as to what part of the work each clerk was to perform? No. Mr. Thurburn.-I suppose it was carried on according to old custom?

A.--Yes, I did not make any alterations when I first joined.

Q.-Were these clerks secured at all?

A.-Clerks through whom money is supposed to pass are secured-the shroff and

cashier.

Q.-That is to say, Mr. Carvalho was secured?

A.—Yes, for $5,000. I am secured for $10,000, and the shroff for $5,000, I think it is.

The Chairman.-Let us take the Crown Rent. Whose duty was it to receive Crown Rent?

A.-Do you mean receive the money?

Q.-Yes.

A.-It was the duty of the shroff.

Q.-There is a Rent Roll sent every six months from the Land Office?

A.-Yes.

Q.--Have you got it here?

A.-I have got our own Rent Roll, but I haven't Mr. Bruce Shepherd's here. I can send for it. (The book was sent for).

The Chairman.-Will you tell us what was the system in force with respect to Crown Rents?

A.—The system which ought to have been in force, and which I believed to be in force, was that monies were paid to the shroff. If, however, they were sent in enve- lopes with a letter they were opened by the cashier and the money passed on to the shroff with the memoranda which showed what the money was intended for, or the letter would go to the accountant, that is the second clerk, in order that he should find out whether it is correct. On finding out that it is correct, he should make out a receipt, pass it to the shroff, who, if he had that amount in his possession, should put his chop on it and pass it to the payer. The amounts should be entered by the shroff in a rough day book kept by him in Chinese, and by the accountant in a day book kept by him in English. At the close of the day the shroff should report to the accountant the amount received by him, the Alves' Day Book and Shroff's rough Chinese Book should be compared, and the cashier informed of the amount to be brought to the credit of the Government. The money should then be taken to the Bank and lodged there.

Mr. Thurburn.-Every day?

A.-Yes.

Mr. Bird.-Did cheques also pass through the shroff's hands?

A. Yes, everything.

Q.-Though made out to your order?

A.--Yes.

Mr. Thurburn.--Could the shroff read English?

A.-No.

-So that he could not check any alteration which might have been made? A.-He could only read figures.

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Q.-Not letters?

A.-No.

The Chairman.--What were the duties of the cashier?

A.--Among the cashier's duties were the opening of letters addressed officially to the Treasury, unless there was anything to show that it was intended to be a private communication to me; and it was his duty to separate the memorandum from the money and see that the former went to the accountant and the latter to the shroff.

Q.-Suppose a Chinaman went there to pay his Crown Rent, who would be the first person for him to go to?

A. He ought to have gone to the shroff.

Q.-He would have paid the amount to the shroff?

A. Yes.

-And who would have made out the receipt?

A.-Alves.

Q.-Upon what--a slip from the shroff?

A.-The person paying the money would generally bring a memorandum with him or the last receipt, and the shroff would pass that on to Alves, and if there was any difficulty would go in and see him. Alves would understand from that memorandum, or old receipt, who it was who paid the money, and for what lot it was, and he would then, if he found it correct, make out a receipt and pass it to the shroff.

Mr. Bird. Had Alves any right whatever to finger any money himself?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn. Did the shroff go out collecting?

A.-Not for Crown Rent.

-You have a list of the Crown Rents due. If the money is not paid who do

you go to?

A.-The Crown Solicitor.

The Chairman.-You have more than one shroff?

A.-We have three.

Q.-Was there one shroff specially detailed to look after Crown Rents?

A. Yes.

W

Q. And there would be nothing to take that shroff out of the Office during Office hours?

A. He would go out of the Office to bank money, and in that case the money received would have to be taken by one of the other shroffs.

Mr. Thurburn.--Suppose a man who owed his Crown Rent sent in a cheque for the amount due, it would go to the chief clerk ?

A.—If he sent in an envelope it might come to me or otherwise would go to the outer office and be opened by the cashier.

Q.--At all events the chief clerk would have to sign the receipt?

A.--He would send an ordinary receipt made out by Alves. He would not give

a receipt to a coolie but would simply sign the chit book.

Q.--What would he do with the cheque? Would he pay it into the Bank?

A. He would hand it over to the shroff.

ས་

4

1

(5)

The Chairman. In the shroff's book would everything appear--the money paid in and cheques received?

A. Yes. It is a very rough book.

Mr. Bird.-In Chinese?

A. Yes. It would simply state the amount.

The Chairman. Suppose a large cheque was received payable to your order, whom would that be endorsed by?

A.--By me now. In Mr. Carvalho's time he used to, be allowed to endorse for the Treasurer. He was secured.

-

Q. Whom were receipts signed by ?

A.-By Mr. Alves.

Q.--Anybody else?

A.-No.

Q.-Is there no regulation about that?

A.-Not that I know of. It was the system I found when I got there and I did not alter it. I found that receipts had been signed for taxes by one clerk, for Crown Rent by another. For some time past I have signed the taxes receipts myself.

Q.-I take it to be this. All the money was supposed to pass through the shroff's }ands and his book was examined every day?

A. Yes.

Q.-By the cashier?

A. Yes.

___

Q.--And Alves was supposed to receive nothing at all?

A.-No. When you say the shroff's book was examined that means that he would read through his book what his calculations were for the day, and having compared them with the accountant, he would take the money to the Bank.

Mr. Thurburn.-Was there any check in the way of balances? After a certain period of time the Crown Rents of course would be supposed to be paid. After three or four months or some stated time, did you have a balance made out of what money had been paid and what was outstanding?

A.--The books ought to have been balanced, no doubt.

Q.-If defalcations were going on, and if after, say three months, you had a balance taken out, you would have discovered anything of the kind?

A. -The books I found were left to be balanced by Alves. In former years Alves was given a very long time, the balancing of the Crown Rent accounts being a very laborious business. I have just had them balanced and it took one man sitting at the work doing nothing else 10 hours a day for three weeks to balance them. It seems to have been in consequence of knowing it to be so laborious, and also because Alves was regarded as the hardest worked man in the Treasury, that he was allowed as long as eighteen months to do it.

The Chairman.--I suppose it was written every day?

A.--I can show you the book.

Q.-Before that I want to come to this. Was there any check on the daily work? I suppose there was a copy of the Rent Roll sent you from the Land Office?

A. Yes. This is one of the books (witness indicates the Treasury Rent Roll). It begins with a column of arrears due and outstanding from last year. It goes on to the amount due for the year. These two have to be added to bring out the third. The date of payment of arrears is put in-the date of payment for the first half-year and

(6)

the second half-year. These are added together and the total brought out. Any abatements that have to be made by changes of tenancy, &c., have to be put in and from the result of these calculations is brought out the balance. That is put down in each case and after that the pages have to be added up and down.

The Chairman (indicating the book alluded to).--Is this book only for 1891 ?

A.--Yes.

Q.-I notice the arrears are pretty stiff.

A.----Anything not paid by December 31st becomes an arrear.

Mr. Bird. They are nearly all in arrear?

A. Yes, it is very seldom otherwise unless they pay in a lump sum.

The Chairman.--When a man comes to pay is the amount entered in this book?

A.-No, it would first be entered in the day book.

}

Q.-If you let the Rent Roll get in arrear it would of course be a very difficult matter to write it up?

A.—I don't know that he wrote it up every day. As I have said it took one man three weeks doing absolutely nothing else but balancing this book. What I mean to say is that as Alves was very hard worked he could not give more than an occasional hour or so to it, and he used to do it at his leisure. The money was not supposed to pass through his hands so it was only regarded as clerical work.

Mr. Thurburn.-There is no such thing as an absolute check?

A.-It is perfectly possible.

Q.-But it was not carried out?

A.-No, it was not carried out for 1892. It ought to have been carried out for 1891.

The Chairman.-You can hardly call them arrears on January 1st when the amounts were only due on December 25th. For 1891 nothing becomes due until June 25th.

A. Yes, June 25th and December 25th.

Mr. Bird. When the man you have just specially employed took the work in hand how much was it behind ?

A. The year 1891. Alves had so little time, but he had been told to get it up once or twice and had been doing it gradually. He was told to do it while I was in England and in consequence of that, I believe, he began to get it up.

Mr. Bird. He was 18 months behind hand?

A. He was about 12 months behind in the 1891 book.

The Chairman.-How far was he behind when you took your position?

A.—I do not know. I cannot say anything about the 1890 book. I did not look at any book previous to the date of my taking my position. I suppose I ought to have done, but I did not. The 1890 book does not appear to have been balanced.

S

Mr. Bird. If it was not balanced in 1890 how did they carry out the balance for 1891.

The Chairman.-That is only the balance for the year.

Mr. Bird. You have to make up the last column before you can begin a new book. How did they begin 1891 if they never balanced the column for 1890?

A.-The book was in his possession. He might have made his trial balance but he did not absolutely finish his books.

7

(7)

The Chairman.-He may have put in his first column the last six months' rent (To Hon. N. G. Mitchell Innes) Did you, when you took possession, examine the books to see what the system was respecting the receipt of money, and to ascertain whether there was any efficient check?

A. Yes, as I got accustomed to the work I have been gradually trying to improve it. When I first took the position I knew nothing of Treasury work and for a time it was in the hands of subordinates.

Q. Did you see what system was in force for the receipt of money?

A.-Yes, I got what assistance I could from subordinates.

Q.-Was there any check respecting the daily receipt of money? Was there any check on the shroff, for instance, or on Alves?

A.-The Auditor does all that.

Q.-In your Department you had no daily check?

A.-No, the checking of receipts is supposed to be the business of the Auditor. Mr. Bird. He does that once occasionally?

A. He comes every month and checks almost everything that passes through the Office.

Mr. Thurburn. It is not a half-yearly or yearly check?

A.-No, I understand that he has to check at any time.

The Chairman.-Who was the Auditor when you were first there?

A.-Mr. Nicolle. He came in 1890 I believe.

Q.-As far as your own Department was concerned you had no check on the shroff or cashier?

A. The system itself was supposed to be a check.

Q.--Let us see what it was. Was there anybody who could tell at the end of the day whether the monies received had been properly accounted for?

A.-No, the receipt passed out of the Department, unless it was entered in the counterfoils. The counterfoils were left out for the inspection of the Auditor and the Auditor could at any time by looking at the counterfoil find whether the amount had gone into the books.

Mr. Thurburn.-In fact, it was his duty to check the money received with every receipt?

A. That was what I always understood. I never quite knew what the Home Authorities wanted the Auditor to do. I understood that my business was to have a preliminary check on the expenditure.

The Chairman. Did you not think that you were at all bound to look after the receipts?

A. It is impossible for the Treasury to audit the receipts; we have no officers for the purpose.

Q.-Did you not think it was your duty to have some check on your own officers? A-I thought that the check of the Audit Office was sufficient.

-Can you tell us how these defalcations have occurred if Alves was supposed never to have received any money?

A.-What I believe to be the case is that a large number of people who, I suppose, were friends of Alves came to him and paid their money to him in person, that when once he was able to handle the money, and as the shroff did not know English--that is to say he only knew figures-he was enabled to get the shroff to put his chop on the receipt. The shroff would do pretty well as he was told. The shroff would return the

:

( 8 )

receipt to Alves and Alves thereupon altered the amount. I mean in this way. Supposing a man to have come to Alves and said "Here is $100 I wish to pay" in bank notes. Alves would make out the receipt like this (printed form produced). He would say "Received from X. Y. 3 the sum of - -," and instead of writing $100 he would write $10 "being the amount of rent due for Lot so and so." As to the written amount as the shroff could not read English he might fill that in in any way he liked, or leave it blank. In the receipt be would write "Lot so and so Received $10." He would then hand the shroff $10, and the other $90 he would put in his pocket. The shroff would put his chop on, and as the person had come to Alves personally the shroff did not know whom to return it to. Alves would then say "If you give it to me I will send it to the man. I know him." The shroff would then hand back the receipt to Alves who would add another "0" which satisfied the holder, and he left the counterfoil untouched. At the end of the day the shroff would come and say "I have received $10, does this correspond with your book?" The cashier would tell him that there was $10 to come in the cash book and it was duly passed in. The Auditor would come in and look at the counterfoil and see "Received $10" and go to the cash book and find the $10 entered.

The Chairman.-Somebody ought to have looked at the Rent Roll.

Mr. Bird. He would have seen that such and such a lot ought to have paid more than $10.

Witness.-The Auditor has told me that with the staff at his disposal he did not see how he could check every item, but he checked very frequently.

The Chairman.-Had you any check on your own men ?

A.-The system was supposed to be checked by the periodic surveys by the Audit

Office.

Q.-It seems that it did not, when a man could put down say "Lot 200 received $10" and that passed when the rent was perhaps $100, and the Auditor might have seen it in a second by looking at the Roll. You say according to your explanation that everything was left in the hands of Alves because the person who received the money did not know English and could not see how much he was to receive.

That is why I asked you whether there was anything to show the shroff how much he ought to receive.

A. He could read figures. I have counterfoils also with a forged chop upon them. Mr. Bird.-Have you counterfoils of $10 when it ought to be $100?

The Chairman.—I should like to see more of these counterfoils with the incorrect

amount.

Witness.--Yes. I am keeping them in the safe. I will bring them round. Mr. Bird.-Is that the only way he could have done it?

A.-The two ways we suppose are: by altering what the shroff had passed and by using a bogus receipt book and forging the shroff's chop. We have some instances of that.

Mr. Bird.-How did he forge the chop?

A. He evidently has done so. The chop has been submitted to Chinese experts -dye cutters-and they say it is a forgery.

Was

The Chairman.--You say it was no part of Alves' duty to receive money. there any check to prevent him from receiving money? How was it that he was allowed to receive so much money if it was no part of his duty?

A.-It is a system in Government Offices for people to walk in and out; and if they went into Alves and paid him money it would not come to my notice, and they would pay him. The cashier, however, ought to have noticed it and put a stop to it. The cashier, however, says that he never saw it done; but that I do not believe.

( 9 )

Mr. Bird.--Are these defalcations confined to Alves?

A. Yes, as far as we know. We have examined all the books. There is one check which of course banks usually employ-and mercantile houses too I suppose-- which was not available in the Treasury very easily, and I believe it was because he saw that the check coming on that gave Alves his first idea that something would be found out. I mean the check of putting different people to different work. When I joined the Treasury I found three or four senior men, none of whom could leave their desks for a moment, and being leading men in the Treasury it was difficult to get them to do anything but what they were accustomed to. At the end of last year I got the new men to work and as soon as that was done I believe Alves made preparations for going.

The Chairman.-Have you ascertained when these defalcations began?

A. We only know by comparison with the Rent Roll which shows what ought to have been collected. Apparently they began at the beginning of 1887 or 1888.

Mr. Thurburn.-The balances ought to have been done periodically.

Mr. Bird. You ought to know the total of the Crown Rents collected and the amount that ought to be collected.

Mr. Thurburn.-That is the mistake in the system.

Mr. Bird.—If the book was not written up who was to see how much was in arrear?

A.-Alves said that he was working overtime and doing it as he could. I am sorry now that I did not get in somebody from outside and have it done by main force, but I did not expect that money was passing through his hands, or that the arrears were really dangerous.

·

The Chairman.-Were any arrears ever reported to you-arrears of money being due?

A. Yes, we used to send notices to people in arrear. Alves constantly told me of people who were in arrear and he would see them or write to them. Sometimes I told them that proceedings would be taken.

Q. -You never saw a regular list of arrears?

A.—No, I don't think I ever saw that. It was supposed to be shown in these books at the end of the year.

*

Q. When you joined in 1891 were any of the previous books made up--the Rent Roll books?

A.-I did not look at the books previous to my year, when I went to the Treasury. I cannot say about previous years, whether they were made up. Those now in the Treasury I can see have been balanced.

Q.-You do not know whether the book for 1889 or 1890 was balanced?

A.-1889 I do not know.

Q.-Nor 1888?

1890 was not balanced. 1889 was missing.

A. No, I believe he took them from the Office a year or two ago with the intention of balancing them.

Mr. Bird.-Did you know they were missing?

A.-No. The books were kept in his desk and I had not the slightest idea when they went. I should think it was about a year ago.

Mr. Thurbury. You would take it for granted, I suppose, that in the books for 1889 everything was closed up?

A. Certainly. I was new to the work and I did not know anything about these

arrears.

( 10 )

since.

Mr. Bird.--Whom did you take the Office over from?

A.-Mr. Lister died, and Mr. Wodehouse was in charge just before I went there. Q.-You never suspected Alves?

A. On the contrary, I thought he was the best Officer in the Treasury.

Q.-You never heard he was speculating heavily?

A.--I never heard anything before he absconded, but I have heard a great deal

Q. You never knew that he was building a Terrace in Kowloon ?

A.I did not know that Victoria View was his until the other day. I heard that he had some building there.

Q.--What is the total amount of his defalcations?

A.-$59,000 as far as we can at present ascertain. It may be a little less on account of payments and things difficult to find out.

The Chairman.--Could you give us a statement of what years those defalcations extend over?

A.-1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892.

Q.--Could you not give us the several amounts?

A.-About $12,000 a year as far as we can make out.

Q.--He appears then to have taken the same amount every year? A.--Yes, as far as we have ascertained.

more or less.

Sometimes it was $1,000 or $2,000

Mr. Thurburn.--Had the cashier anything to do with the receipts ? A.--No, the receipt books were kept entirely in Alves' charge.

Mr. Bird.--Did these Crown Rent counterfoils pass through Mr. Carvalho's hands? A.-No.

Q.--Would not the cashier notice that he had got only $10 instead of $100? A.-No, at the end of the day the amount would be brought up and the total would be brought to the cash book.

Q.-Not entered in detail?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn.--What were the cashier's duties?

A. I always regarded the general supervision of the staff as one of the most important.

The Chairman.-Had he anything to do with the cash?

A.--He had to do with anything that came with money inside. The shroffs really receive the money at the wickets, and money paid in by the public would be paid to the shroffs. If the payer was an Englishman he would probably pay it to the cashier.

Q.-Were the receipts never signed by the cashier?

.A.--They were never supposed to be. They were supposed to be signed by the accountant, who was in charge of that particular branch.

Mr. Bird. I myself have paid money and received receipts and they are all signed by Alves.

A.--Yes, that was so until lately. I sign them myself now. The shroff practically had to sign and put his chop on. In addition to that the accountant had to sign. The Chairman.-Things were really left in the hands of the accountant? A.--Yes, so far as signing receipts was concerned.

( 11 )

Q.-Did the shroff keep any book of the receipts that he signed? For instance, if people went direct to the shroff and paid him, say $50, the shroff would receipt it I suppose, and it would be signed by Alves?

A.-The shroff would hand in the receipt to Alves. For instance, if a man came with $25 Alves would be told by the shroff that $25 had been paid in.

Q.-Suppose the man went to pay without taking any document ?

A.-Then the shroff would tell Alves.

Mr. Thurburn.-I suppose he would simply say "I want a receipt for Crown Rent so-and-so"?

A. Yes.

The Chairman.-What book did Alves keep?

A.--A book like this (Alves' Day Book produced) for his daily calculations. You will see it gives the date of the month, the number of the receipt, and the amount for which it was.

and

Q. That is the number of the counterfoil?

A. Yes. The date was put in afterwards. He would look at the counterfoils

pass

them into this book (The Treasury Rent Roll).

Mr. Thurburn.---Of course he made that correct--I mean in the case in which he received $100 and only gave credit for $10.

A. Yes, the $100 would go into the Rent Roll because if he put only $10 it would be noticed that only $10 was paid whereas $100 ought to have been paid and I should have sent to the debtor and asked him why he did not pay. So Alves kept this book correct.

Mr. Bird. You never saw this little book (pointing to Alves' rough book). A.-No, I did not ask him for it.

The Chairman. It was not a private book?

A.-No, it is one of the Treasury books. I could have got it if I had asked for it. Q.-That is the book for the Crown Rent. Had Alves anything to do with the other receipts also?

A.-No, only Crown Rent. That is not his entire work but that is his only work in connection with receipts.

Q. -Who looked after the taxes?

A.-Mr. Madar used to look after them.

Q.-As far as receipts went Alves only had the Crown Rent to look after?

A. Yes.

Q.-What other books did he keep?

A. He was book-keeper; he had charge of the journal and ledger, and he also had to do all the calculations in connection with the Crown Agents' account. It was a very complicated matter, splitting up all the expenditure among the different departments and making returns for Somerset House. That was

That was really the part that took him longer than anything else.

Q. What is this big book for?

A.-That is for rates.

Q.-Alves had nothing to do with it?

A.-No.

(Ledger produced).

( 12 )

Q.--Had Alves anything to do with the Rent Roll ?

A. Yes, that was Alves' book.

Q.-You do not know when this Rent Roll was written up--whether he wrote it up daily or weekly?

The

A. No, I do not; but I find that he let it slip into considerable arrears. column "Due for the year" could never be entered with absolute certainty because the Land Office did not send in its return for six months.

Mr. Thurburn.-Is there the same sort of thing for the taxes carried out by another mana counterfoil and so on?

A. Yes, the same books (books produced). The system is a little different. The receipts are written entirely through before hand because it would take a long time writing them in when hundreds of people are clamouring to pay. The money is paid

in, the receipt is chopped by the shroff, and I sign perhaps 50 of them in an afternoon and they are given to the people waiting outside. These are the receipts (produced). I can read both English and Chinese so that I can see that they are right.

The Chairman.--You think that the only way Alves defrauded the Treasury was by receiving money directly instead of going to the shroff, and then making out a false receipt which the shroff could not check because he did not understand English?

A.-I think that is one of the ways, and another way was the falsifying of the shroff's receipt. In some cases we found that he tore out receipts at the end of the book. Here is a book of receipts (produced) in which he has torn out four pages, knowing, as he did, that the requirements for the year would not get as far as that.

He has forged the shroff's chop and never passed the money to the shroff at all.

Q.-That is the way in which he embezzled the whole of the amount?

A.-Yes.

Q. When he embezzled only a part he falsified the receipt? A.--Yes.

Q.--He got the shroff to sign for a smaller amount?

A. He falsified the receipt after it came from the shroff.

Q.-First of all Alves made out a receipt. One half was in letters for a larger amount than the figures?

A. I don't know what he did with the letters.

Q.--You say that he would be able to fill in in letters a larger amount than the figures and as the shroff could not read letters he chopped for the figures he saw underneath?

A.--Yes.

Mr. Bird. You do not think the shroff could have been in collusion?

any uneasiness to

A.-I do not think so. I have not seen that he has displayed be examined, and I have not heard of any suspicious circumstance. He is secured by a Chinaman and nothing has reached my ears about him being uneasy about him.

Mr. Thurburn.--Alves would not have forged the shroff's chop if he had been in collusion with him?

A.--No, I should think not.

Q.--Is the Auditor supposed to be there once a week, or at any stated time? A.--He is there from day to day very often, and then it happens that he may be away for a few weeks, and then up again for several days.

Mr. Bird. He could do as he pleased? He had no stated hours?

A. He is his own master under Somerset House.

2.

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The Chairman.-When was the first part of this book (Treasury Rent Roll) supposed to be written up?

A.-It ought to be made up with the rest.

Q.-As soon as you got the Rent Roll from the Land Office?

A.-There used to be a calculation made at the end of the book, in some of them at all events. It was pasted in the end and showed whether the book differed from the Rent Roll as supplied by the Land Office. There were two columns showing whether our books were more or less with references to the reasons. That was caused because the Land Office Rent Roll did not reach us in time and we had to go on the last year's

assessment.

Mr. Thurburn.-It seems to me that the real reason these defalcations were not discovered is owing to a want of balancing. First of all the Auditor should have checked the receipts with the amount that should have been paid.

The Chairman.-The Rent Roll is the basis of everything. What he ought to have done was to check the receipts with the amounts there.

Mr. Thurburn.-You know that for the year there is $192,000 due, there is no swindling about that. That is due at a certain period, say January 1st, then if at the end of three or six months you compared the amount of what ought to have been paid with the cash you have received, the balances would show whether there had been any defalcation. You know how much you have received because it is in the Bank.

A. We could not cook this book if it was properly examined.

Q.--Although swindling might go on during the three months, or any given number of months, it would certainly be found out where it was when a balance was taken,

A.-When the book was balanced at the end of the year it ought to have been found out.

The Chairman.—Mr. Freire examined it before, did he not?

A. Yes. I think the 1887 book is in Mr. Freire's signature and Dr. Stewart's.

Mr. Thurburn. Mr. Nicolle ought to have detected this.

The Chairman.—Yes, you have the amount that ought to be received, you have also got what you have received.

Mr. Thurburn.—The account ought to be exactly balanced periodically. [(To Hon. N. G. Mitchell-Innes) Alves, I suppose, has not pleaded guilty so his trial will have to go through before we ask him any questions?

A. He would have pleaded guilty, but he has been got at and is going to plead not guilty.]

At this stage the Commission adjourned its sitting until 3 o'clock in the afternoon.

Upon resuming, Cheung Wan Chung, was called.

The Chairman.-What is your name?

Witness.-Cheung Wan Chung.

Q.--What are you?

A.-I am shroff in the Treasury.

Q.-And your duties are to receive sums paid for Crown Rent?

A. Yes.

( 14 )

Q.-Did you receive any other monies except Crown Rent?

A. Yes, I also received fees for spirituous liquor licences, pawnbrokers' licences, kerosine oil licences, billiard room licences, and hotel licences.

Q.-Tell us what happens when a man wants to pay his Crown Rent into the Treasury.

A.—I receive the money. Sometimes the fees or monies are paid in bank notes or cheques, or cash, in silver.

Q.-Suppose a man comes to you and says that he wants to pay his Crown Rent and brings the money, what do you first do?

A.-If a man comes with the money to pay into the Treasury, I first receive the money and I look up the old receipts, and then I take the receipt to Alves to see that the correct amount is to be paid into the Treasury.

Q.-What do you mean by "look up the old receipt." got his last receipt. Do you look at anything then?

Suppose Suppose a man has not

A.-If there is no old receipt we have to get at the amount from remembrance. Q.-And then when you have received the money do you make an entry at once in this book? (Shroff's book in Chinese produced.)

A.--No.

Q.-When do you make the entry in that book?

A.-As soon as I get the money I take it to Mr. Alves to ask him to issue a receipt and when I get the receipt then I make the entry in the book.

not?

Q. Do you sign the receipt?

A.--Receipts are not signed but chopped by a Chinese chop. Q.--By you

A. Yes.

?

Q.--You cannot read English?

A.-No.

Q.-Therefore you do not know whether the receipts were properly made out or

A.-I can read figures.

(Witness was tested and correctly read several rows of figures.)

Q.-Did Alves ever receive money ?

A. Yes, there are cases in which people sent money direct to Alves and he receives the money and sends the receipt.

Q.-How do you know that they send the money direct to Alves?

A.-There are cheques that he put in my hands--bank cheques.

Q.-Did Alves ever give you notes or dollars?

A.--Sometimes bank notes, but principally bank cheques.

money ?

Q. What used you to do when Alves brought you these cheques or this A.--When he handed me the bank cheques and the money and receipt I compared the amount stated in his receipt with the amount on the cheque to find whether the sum was proper.

Then I made an entry in the book and handed back the receipt to Alves.

-

Q.-Can you state

any

(15)

of the cases where a cheque was sent to Alves and you

have entered in your book the amount of the cheque ?

A. Yes, in all cases entries have been made when the cheque was handed in by Alves.

Mr. Thurburn-In all these cases was the receipt handed back to Alves or direct to the person who brought the money?

A.-I never gave any receipt to anybody for money received by Mr. Alves.

Q.You always gave it back to Alves?

A. Yes.

The Chairman.--Has it not sometimes happened that Alves has given you a cheque, say for $800, and he has asked you to put $600 in your book and give him back $200 and a receipt for $600 ?

A.--Yes, there are two or three cases each year in which Alves handed me a cheque for $800 for instance and gave only a receipt for $600, and when I compared the amount stated in the cheque with the receipt I found there was a surplus. This surplus I paid over to Alves to keep.

-How often has that happened?

A. I think two or three times.

Q.--Not more?

A.-If you wish for a correct account I can give it. The book there states every- thing.

Q. -Will you

show us one or two cases.

A.(After witness had examined the book.) This entry of January 16th, 1892. The cheque received was for $419.49. Alves gave a receipt for $319.49. Then there was a surplus of $100 and that money was handed to Alves. It is all stated here, the Chinese character Li means Alves.

-When you say that you compared the receipt which Alves made out, you mean you compared the figures on the receipt but you did not know what was in the body of the receipt?

A.-I only compared the figures.

Mr. Bird.-Did Mr. Alves explain why he wanted the surplus paid back to him?

A.--Yes, the reason he gave was in this particular case, that the money had to be refunded to the person who sent it.

The Chairman.--Can you give us any other instances?

A.-Another instance is on January 23rd, 1892. A man named Musso sent a cheque to Alves for $577.66. Alves gave a receipt for $565.02. There was then a surplus of $12.64 and that was handed back to Alves.

Q-Any other instances?

A. Yes. $200 handed to Alves as the surplus of a cheque for $2,380.06. He gave a receipt for $2,180.06. The surplus of $200 was handed to Alves.

Q.-Whose cheque was it?

A. Sharp, Broker, Date March 19th, 1892.

( 16 )

Q.-Did Alves bring you money every day?

A.-No, not every day. He would only do so when money was sent to him by outsiders.

Q.-Was money sent to him by outsiders every day as a rule?

A.--No, it was not an every day occurrence.

Mr. Thurburn.-Did he carry out the rule when licences were paid? What sort of receipt was given then?

A.-Mr. Carvalho looked after those receipts given for fees received for kerosine licences and &c. The receipt was made out by a Chinese clerk and it was signed by Mr. Carvalho.

Q.-All the licences?

A. Yes. Mr. Alves had nothing to do with that.

Q.-And the taxes, what happened to them?

A. They are also looked after by Mr. Carvalho.

Q.-And who signs the receipt?

A.-Mr. E. Carvalho, the son of Mr. J. A. Carvalho.

Q. He signs the receipts?

A. Yes. At least he did last year. Mr. Mitchell-Innes signs now.

The Chairman.-Did you take your book to be examined, or give an account of what you had received, at the end of the day?

A.—Yes, for instance we received say $1,000 on a certain day. A little before the Office closed I added up the amounts and made a total. Then I showed it to Mr. Alves and askedhim to compare. If he said it was correct I took the money to the

Bank.

Q.--You took it yourself?

A.-Yes.

Q.-You had not to pay out any money? You only had to receive money ?

A. I have nothing to do with payments.

Q. And every day you should pay into the Bank all you have received that day?

A. Yes.

Q.-Had you any means of knowing whether Alves paid you over the right amount or not when he brought the money to you?

A.-In every case I simply went by the figures that were put down in the receipt. I took no other means of ascertaining.

Q.-But when the money was paid, not by cheque, but by bank notes or coin?

A.-I did not enquire whether the money was the proper amount or not when it was paid.

Mr. Thurburn. Did you check at the end of the day what money you had got and received with Mr. Carvalho in the same way as you did with Mr. Alves, and then pay the money into the Bank?

A.--Mr. Carvalho has never received any money.

16

( 17 )

Q.--But you said just now that Mr. Carvalho received the money for the licences? A. Yes, in the same way as Alves. If Mr. Carvalho received money from out- siders he handed the money and receipt to me.

Q.-And he balanced at the end of the day and you paid it into the Bank?

A. Yes, I showed the total to Mr. Carvalho and then he sent the money to the Bank.

The Chairman.-Is this a form of receipt for Crown Rent?

(Form produced and identified.)

Q. When Alves brought any money, did Alves bring in this book (receipt book with counterfoils) or only this receipt form?

A.-Only the receipt-not the book.

Q.-Therefore you did not know whether the counterfoil corresponded with the

receipt?

A.-No.

Q. Whereabouts did Alves use to put the figures.

(Witness indicated the centre of the receipt form.)

.-Who made out the slip for the Bank?

A.-The chief clerk, Mr. Carvalho.

Q. Where did he get the figures from?

A. From my foki's report.

Q. Did you report to Mr. Carvalho or Mr. Alves?

A.-It was done like this. I made out the amount and then I put on a slip of paper the total, showed the slip to Alves and then went to my co-employé who would report the amount received during the day to Mr. Carvalho for him to make out the slip for

the Bank.

Q.-Then you would get the slip and take the money to the Bank?

A. Yes. Mr. Carvalho gave me the slip.

Q.-Can you give us any information as to how Alves was able to take

much money?

A.-I cannot give any reason.

Q.-You don't know how it was managed?

A.-No.

away so

(Chop produced.)

Q.-That is your chop, is it not?

A. Yes, that is for chopping receipts.

Whereabouts was Alves' room--anywhere near your room?

A.-No. It is not near my room.

Q.-People could go to Alves and hand over money to him and you would not

see it?

A.-No, I should not. His room is not entered from my room.

1

The Commission adjourned until Thursday, March 2nd, at 11.30 a.m.

( 18 )

SECOND MEETING.

March 2nd, 1893, at 11.30 in the forenoon.

Present: Mr. E. J. ACKROYD, Chairman.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Mr. S. G. BIRD.

Mr. F. J. BADELEY, Secretary.

Mr. Hilgrove C. Nicolle, Government Auditor, called.

The Chairman.-What is your name?

Witness.-Hilgrove C. Nicolle.

Q.-When were you appointed local auditor?

A.-I was appointed from January 22nd, and I arrived in Hongkong on April 14th, 1890.

Q. When did you begin examining the Treasurer's accounts and books?

:

A.--Very soon after I came here. A few days after arriving I went to the Treasury and started my examination.

Q. What books and papers did you require for your examination? Take, for instance, the Crown Rents.

A.-The books I required were counterfoil receipt books, the daily receipt book kept by Mr. Alves, the Rent Roll and this cash book and journal and ledger (all produced) and I traced the items into the cash book and ledger to see that the amounts were duly paid into the Government.

Q.-There is a ledger kept for the Crown Rent?

A.-There is a separate place in the ledger for Crown Rent.

Q.--And what totals are entered in that?

A.-The monthly totals.

Q.--What system did you follow in checking and examining this Rent Roll?

A.-I took the counterfoils and I checked them with what is known as Alves' daily receipt book. I checked the daily totals from that book into the cash book and I checked a certain number, a considerable number, of the counterfoils with this Rent Roll. I also checked the Rent Roll sent up by the Land Office with the Treasury Rent Roll.

Mr. Thuṛburn.--You did not go through the counterfoils?

A.-No, not all.

The Chairman.-Not every counterfoil?

A.-No, not with the Rent Roll.

Mr. Bird.-If you had checked the counterfoils you would have found all this out before?

A.--Well, we have been through the counterfoils in the Office and, as far as I know, there are only two cases in July where there is a difference and there is one case in February last, and these are the only specific cases where we should have found it out if we had checked the counterfoils with this book.

(19)

How do you think the defalcations have occurred then?

A.-I think Alves received money and issued a receipt of his own.

Q.And there were no counterfoils?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn.-Some of the receipts undoubtedly were forgeries, but we understood that the greater number of the frauds were committed by altering the counterfoils in the book.

A.-We only found, I think, four specific cases altogether of the counterfoils differing from this book. There is one on September 23rd, one on December 31st. There are really four different frauds and these are the only cases we could find.

Mr. Thurburn.-And what do they amount to?

A.--About $2,000 I should say.

Q. -The whole deficiency is about-- ? A.-$59,000.

The Chairman.-Then how do you account for the balance?

A.-By false receipts, and there is also another method under which it might be possible, and it is this. In former years, up to the middle of 1891, the counterfoils used to be filled up in advance and I think that in those days he made them agree with this book, and it has struck me that he may have filled in the number and ticked it off as though I myself had done it. Now the counterfoils are all issued in numerical order and have been for some time.

Q.-How has he managed then to make away with this amount; you say that he made out different receipts altogether and never brought the amount into account.

A.--I cannot tell you how he has done it except in specific cases we have found, but, of course, they do not cover anything like the amount.

Mr. Thorburn. The fact that he has destroyed the books, I suppose, prevents you?

A. Yes.

The Chairman.-You say that you have been through the books?

A.-All that he left.

Q.--What years are they?

A.-1891 and 1892.

Q.-Going through all the books for 1891 and 1892 you have only found the instances you have given?

A.-That is all.

Q.-And they amounted to about $2,000?

A.-About that.

Q.-What is the amount of the defalcations for 1891 and 1892?

A.--The amount roughly was $11,949 in 1891 and $7,336 for 1892.

Mr. Thurburn. Then there was about $40,000 taken previous to those years?

A.--Yes.

Q.--How did you find those figures out--by balancing?

A.-The Rent Rolls for 1888 and 1889 are not to be found; they have disappeared. Therefore the only thing one has to go by is the Rent Roll from the Land Office. We have the book balanced for 1887 and I have taken the arrears not paid and the amounts paid to the Treasury during 1888 and 1889. That ought to give you a balance. For the other years I have taken calculations by Alves giving the amounts he says were collected and on the other side I have taken what has been paid to the Treasury.

( 20 )

Mr. Bird. The difference gives the balance?

The Chairman.--Have you made any claim upon those people who do not appear to have paid?

A.-That is not my business.

Q.-Do you

know whether it has been done?

A.-No, you mean people shown to be in arrear on the 31st December, 1892? They are continually paying and I have very little doubt in my own mind that Alves has kept the Treasury Rent Roll correct.

Q.-You think that it is correct, but that he has not paid over all the amounts therein mentioned?

A. Yes, that is it.

Q.-According to the book of 1891 how much ought to have been paid over? Has it been made up?

A.-I don't think any summary has been put into it.

Q.-You have made an examination?

A. Yes, here it is.

Q.-Whose writing is it in ?

A.-Mr. Remedios..

Q.-Is it made up since Alves went?

A. Yes. I see there is a summary of the totals.

-What I want you to give is the total amount received according to him. The Rent Roll shows that the total to be paid in 1891 was $191,198.64. Have you ascertained how much of that has really reached the Treasury?

A. Yes, $180,249.25.

Q.-But according to this book there was a balance due of $88,119.62. Have any steps been taken to ascertain whether this is really correct?

A.-If you take the Rent Roll for 1892 you will find that the greater part of that is paid up.

-Therefore that column was correct?

A.--Presumably. He could not have carried it on if it had not been because he had to deal with the public coming in to pay their taxes and he had to refer to this book every time and he was, in a sense, bound to keep it correct. If you look at the book you will see that there is very little difference between the arrears one year and another.

Mr. Bird.--Who kept the record of the amounts paid into the Treasury, of this $189,000?

A.-It was in a book kept by Alves. It was in the shroff's cash book also.

Q.-Was it anybody's business to check it?

A. It was never balanced.

Q.-Never?

A.--Well, I know nothing about 1888 or 1889.

-Was 1890 ?

A.-No, it was not balanced, nor was 1891.

Q.-You have the book for 1890?

A.-In the Treasury.

( 21 )

-Was it not your business to see that it was balanced, to call attention to the fact that it was not balanced?

A.-I did call attention to it, the attention both of the Treasurer himself and the Acting Treasurer.

The Chairman.--About what time was that?

A.-I did so on several occasions, but I should not like to fix the date on which I said it, although I know that I did.

Q.-Who was Acting Colonial Treasurer?

A.-Mr. May, and I believe he called the attention of Alves to it, but Alves always said he was so busy that he could not do it, and I was weak enough to accept that as a reason, instead of reporting him.

The Chairman.-Am I right in saying that the only means by which he could have taken this money was by issuing receipts which were not in these receipt books? You see, supposing he had used the receipts in these books and supposing the counterfoils were correct then he would have been detected at once?

A.-If the counterfoils had been correct I should have detected it at once, if all the counterfoils were filled out and correct.

Q.-As far as you have seen for 1891 and 1892 the counterfoils were correct with the small exceptions you have mentioned?

A. Yes, with those small exceptions.

Q.-Then these being correct he must have used some other receipts?

A. Yes.

Q. When he wanted to make

--

A. Yes.

away

with money

Mr. Bird. We have had it explained that he tore them out at the end of the book? A. Yes, but he must also have had some blank receipts of his own.

The Chairman. He could easily have them printed?

A. Yes.

Q.-That being the case the only check would have been at the end of the year by balancing the Rent Roll book and comparing it with the actual receipts in the Treasury?

A. Yes.

audit?

Q.-And therefore as long as the book was not balanced there could be no real

A.That is so. As long as the book was not balanced the audit was not complete. Mr. Thurburn.-In the Office itself it is possible to carry out an actual check by having one of the Treasury officers checking these counterfoils with the book?

A-Except as I say if he issued these false receipts and chose to enter them in the Rent Roll. Nobody could check that either the Treasurer or Auditor.

Mr. Bird. If periodical balances were taken out it would be all right.

Mr. Thurburn. Is the system which you have for balancing one that would balance, say once in three months, without taking any long time? If the taxes were paid in as quickly as you told us they were. you would not think there would be a large amount outstanding. Are the taxes due once a year?

A.-Twice.

Q.-Well if you balanced every six months you would be able to discover if any defalcations were going on?

( 22 )

Mr. Bird. -I think that as the Auditor you should have insisted upon the balances being made out.

A. Yes, I ought to have reported the neglect to the Government.

Q.--Did you insist in writing to the Treasurer that the balances should be made out?

A.-No, I simply mentioned it in conversation.

Q.-You really could not audit properly?

A.-No, not unless there was a balance made out. You will allow me to say one thing and it is this. As I have told you before my audit consists in going to the Treasury and checking the amounts received month by month into the Treasury, but there is no annual account ever comes before me for audit. I make a monthly check but there is no annual account. If I had seen the annual account it would have impressed the want of a balance on my mind, although I admit that in neglecting to really insist upon its being done I was wrong.

The Chairman.-You arrived, Mr. Nicolle, in 1890?

A.-In 1890.

Q.-Would you consider it part of your duty to see that the book of 1889 was

balanced?

A.-No, I should not have gone back beyond the time I actually came here. I was given this book for 1890 to examine and I had a look at the 1890 Rent Roll. looked at any book prior to 1890.

-When did you say anything about the want of a balance?

A.-It was during the years 1891 and 1892 that I mentioned that the books were not balanced. I remember distinctly saying once to Mr. May something about it and he spoke to Alves and Alves came to me and said "Well, I am so frightfully busy I must take these books home and write them up there."

you

Mr. Thurburn. That is how he was able to destroy the previous books?

A

A.-That I do not know.

Mr. Bird. He had charge of the books?

A. Yes, the current books were kept in the safe.

Q.--And the old books?

A.-Were lying about.

Q.-Under lock and key?

A.-No.

The Chairman.-So far as you possibly could examine the books and check them, did?

A.--Yes, I did as far as I had time, but please remember that during 1890 my staff consisted of Mr. Ribeiro who was very old and not up to his work. During 1891 before Mr. Taverner came I had to teach him every single thing and take him round to the different Offices to show him the sort of examinations I had to do, and in September I gave him a fortnight's leave to go to Shanghai, and from that time up to January I had no assistance whatever.

Q.-So far as the Treasurer furnished you with books and vouchers you checked as far as you could?

as-you

A. Yes.

Q.--And your checking did not disclose the defalcations because the book was not balanced?

A. Yes.

( 23 )

-And as long as the book was not balanced however minute may have been your examination the system followed by Alves would screen him until the book was balanced?

A. Yes, unless I happened to light upon one of the cases in which he altered the receipt as I eventually did.

Mr. Thurburn.-Is the book for assessed taxes similar to this for Crown Rents?

A.-It is not kept in this form.

Q-Is it a book that can be balanced?

A.-It is now.

Q.--But it was not?

A.-No.

Q.-Therefore the same thing might have happened in connection with that?

A.-It could not now.

Q.-But it could during 1890?

A. Certainly.

Mr. Bird. Mr. Mitchell-Innes signs all the taxes receipts himself?

A.-Only lately he has done so.

Q.-Previous to that do you know whether it was possible that there could be a deficiency like this one?

A.-Quite possible. I have only given a test audit to this, not more than that.

-Who signed the receipts for taxes before Mr. Mitchell-Innes?

A.-The officer in charge of the taxes, formerly Mr. Madar and the chief clerk, Mr. Carvalho. It was during. Mr. May's time that the Treasurer began to sign receipts. On my

visits to the Treasury I asked that the book for the assessed taxes should be altered in order that the balance could be made and the Treasurer said that it could be arranged. They misunderstood me, however, and I had to write in 1892 asking that the book might be altered, and then they started a new form of book.

Q.-You brought the matter to the notice of the Government?

A.-To the attention of the Treasurer. I also reported home to my Chief the difficulties I had.

The Chairman.-Supposing that this book (Crown Rent Roll) was written up day by day how long do you think it would take a clerk beginning on the 1st of January to balance it?

A.—I should think with the present staff about three weeks. A smart man might do it in a fortnight.

(Book produced and examined.)

Mr. Bird. I don't think it matters whether it took one day or three weeks. It ought to have been done.

The Chairman.-If the book was kept up from day to day it would not be a very difficult work to do at the end of the year ?

A.-It is kept up from day to day.

The Chairman.-We have to find out the causes that rendered the defalcations possible and those that prevented their earlier detection.

Witness.-Want of balancing.

Mr. Thurburn. ---Another cause was a want of proper checking in the Office itself.

( 24 )

The Chairman.--You could not have detected the fraud earlier unless the book was balanced?

A.-No.

Q.-How did you actually detect it?

I

A.-I was checking the December account and going through the counterfoils. first checked them with the daily receipt book as kept by Alves. I then checked that with the Rent Roll and I lighted on a name in which there was a difference between the counter- foil and the rent roll.

Q. What did you do then?

A.-I spoke to Alves about it.

Q.-Had he no explanation?

A. He said "It must be a mistake.'

I had always found that he was a careful

man and a good worker. Mr. Ede was the person who had paid the money and he said that he would enquire from Mr. Ede.

Q.-You did not suspect anything wrong?

A.-Not at the moment.

Mr. Thurburn. What day was that?

A.-It was on the Saturday. On the same day I found two similar cases.

Q. Did you suspect him then?

A.-Yes.

Q.-You drew Mr. Mitchell-Innes' attention to it?

A.-I went to the club before tiffin intending to see Mr. Shelton Hooper and ask him to show me his receipts and see whether they really did differ. He said he would send them in during the afternoon, but I did not hear anything from him. On Monday morning I went to the Treasury first thing and Mr. Shelton Hooper produced the receipts and I then saw that the thing was utterly wrong. I waited for Mr. Mitchell-Innes and I went to the Hotel to look for him. Not finding him there I returned and on the met him and I told him then about it.

The Chairman.-On that day was the book for 1891 balanced?

A.-No, that has all been balanced since.

Q.-And the 1890 book?

A. Has been balanced since.

Q.-It was not then?

A.-No.

way I

Mr. Thurburn.-What did Mr. Mitchell Innes do? What did he say to Alves?

A. He came down to the Office between a quarter to 2 and 2 o'clock on Monday afternoon and immediately sent for Alves and asked him what was the meaning of this. In the meantime during the morning I had asked Alves about those other cases and Alves said "they must be mistakes" and he fiddled about the office doing his own work. Mr. Mitchell Innes when he came sent for Mr. Shelton Hooper who came and brought his receipts and we compared them and showed them to Alves.

The Chairman.--What did Alves say?

A. He said "Damn, it must be a mistake I cannot understand it at all.”

Mr. Thurburn.-The suspicion was not strong enough to have him arrested?

A.-I do not know. I handed him over to the executive and had nothing more to do with the matter.

1

( 25 )

The Chairman.-I don't think we have to enquire into why he was not arrested. (To witness) Mr. Mitchell Innes went on leave in 1892, did he not?

A.-I do not know.

Q.-He was away during last year ?

A.-During a portion of last year.

Q.-He was here during the whole of 1891 ?

A.--Yes.

Q.-In 1891 did you ever ask that theRent Roll for 1890 should be balanced? A.-Certainly, I called attention to its not being balanced. It was one of the first things I called the attention of the Acting Treasurer to.

Q.--He only came in 1892 ?

A. Yes.

-And did your observations refer to the book of 1890 ?

A.-My observations referred to the books of 1890 and 1891. Q.--Did any other book particularly require balancing?

A.--No.

Mr. Thurburn. For the assessed taxes there was no book at all apparently? A.-There is now.

Q.-Formerly?

A.-No, formerly they collected the assessed taxes and simply showed the calcula- tions in a lump sum.

Mr. Bird.--There was no way to ascertain whether the taxes were paid in?

A.-If you got a man to work at it for a year he might do it. I have been checking the assessed taxes, during the past day or two, for the villages. All we have been doing is checking the counterfoils with the payments into the Treasury and looking down the assessments book. To do one quarter for the villages alone has taken three days.

Mr. Thurburn.-The book they have now adopted will balance?

A.-Yes.

Q.-And therefore they will have a check upon

A. Yes.

Q.-How often?

it ?

A.-Quarterly--at least it ought to be balanced quarterly.

Q.-Of course the checking of all these other items, (indicating items in the annual financial balance sheet published in the Gazette) most of them apparently, had been in other departments?

A.--Yes.

Mr. Bird.----When they come from other departments they are probably correct, one department checking another?

A.-No.

The Chairman.--The Treasury only knows that the Bank has received so much? A.--Yes.

Mr. Thurburn.-When the Treasury receives so much from the Post Office the Post- master is responsible for that being correct?

A.-Yes.

I

( 26 )

Q.-The Treasurer does not consider himself responsible for the amounts being

correct?

A.-No. You will see what is said about that in the Financial Instructions (produced). The Treasurer receives so much from the Postmaster. It is not possible for him to go and check all the accounts of the different departments. He must trust to their correctness.

The Chairman. I think he ought to make surprise visits.

A.—Yes, he ought to make an occasional test.

Mr. Thurburn.--Each department ought to have their own checks at the same time. The Chairman.-That does not relieve the Treasurer. (To witness) I take it that Alves' Day book only showed the amount he paid in ?

A.--Which was paid in by the shroff.

Mr. Thurburn.--The whole of the Treasury department apparently has been worked by Mr. Alves and Mr. Carvalho for many years? They had no regular Treasurer?

A. That is so.

Q.-They had a man in fact whose whole time was taken up in the Post Office ?

A. Yes.

Q.-Mr. Mitchell Innes was really the first Treasurer?

A.--Yes.

The Chairman.--You say Alves' cash books have disappeared?

A.-There is only one left.

Mr. Thurburn.-Alves had nothing to do with the assessed taxes personally?

A.-No, that work was done by another clerk altogether. To show you that there was an idea that he could receive money it was only the other day that a man told me that when he had money to pay to the Treasury he paid it to Alves and sometimes left him a cheque for assessed taxes.

The Chairman.-To whose order was the cheque made out?

A. To the Colonial Treasurer, I should think.

Mr. Bird.-Had Alves the power to take a cheque?

A.-I think not, unless he was acting cashier..

The Chairman.—The public pays of course at its own risk. In strict law the who pays wrongfully and does not get a proper receipt is liable.

Mr. Thurburn. The receipts are all right.

person

A.—I remember a case that occurred a short time ago in which a public company paid some crown rent and afterwards found out that it had already been paid. It appears that the rent had been paid by a Chinaman and by the Company. One of the men of the Company said to Alves "How is it that if the money was already paid by the Chinaman that you took it from us?" and Alves replied "Oh, the Treasury never refuses any money." It was only a matter of $5.40 so nobody was much the worse.

The Chairman.-As to the amount of the defalcations you have only been able to ascertain actually the sums taken in 1890, 1891, and 1892 ?

A.-Ascertain absolutely, yes, because in the Rent Roll from the Land Office there are always certain adjustments to be made, but I calculate the amount of the defalcations to be $59,731.12, but, as I say, for the period from January 1st 1888 to December 31st 1889, the amount is only approximate as the Rent Roll is not forthcoming. The Treasury Rent Roll for 1887 may be looked upon as correct:

( 27 )

Mr. Bird.--Previous to 1888 was it all right?

A. The Rent Roll for 1887 is balanced and audited.

-And the amount is correct?

A.-The amount agrees with the amount paid into the Treasury within about $5, I think. There is a very small difference between the Treasury ledger and the amount paid

in.

but

The Chairman.-You have the year 1888 for which there is no Treasury Rent Roll you have the Land Office Rent Roll, and you have the amount actually received by the Treasury for rents.

A. Yes. The amount is approximate and there might be some adjustments.

-But not much?

A.-It would reduce the amount rather than increase it.

Q.-In 1889 there was the same thing?

A. Yes.

Q.-Have you the book for 1890?

A.-We have the Rent Roll for 1890.

-Has that been balanced now?

A.-Yes; here is the balance (produced).

-For 1890 to 1892 how much have you ascertained to have been taken?

A.-$31,186.56.

Q. And for 1888 and 1889, ascertained as you have already explained? A.-$28,544.56.

Q.-The total is?

A.- $59,131.12.

-Is there any reason to believe that there are any other defalcations? A.-No.

Q-Don't you think that there are amounts that he has omitted? For instance in 1892, sums that appear as not paid, may not they have been paid?

A.-I think not. I think this book is correct, and of course during the past two months a good many payments have been made and the Rent Roll has been consulted.

Q.-If the book for 1890 had been balanced at the end of January 1891 the defal- cations would have appeared at once?

A.--Certainly, unless he had fudged his book. I don't think he could have done that. He would have had to make some re-arrangement which would have been detected.

Mr. Thurburn.---This book (Rent Roll) would have required re-arranging?

A.-I don't know whether the Treasurer mentioned the date on which the book was balanced. The rent roll for 1887 was balanced in 1889.

Mr. Bird.-Eighteen months afterwards?

A. Yes. That ought not to be; there ought to be a special man put on it if

necessary.

Mr. Thurburn.--What is the system of payments? Is there a chance of similar frauds?

A.-I know nothing of that, but I should not think there is.

Q.-That is audited at home?

A.-Well the whole of the accounts are supposed to be audited at home.

( 28 )

The Chairman.-Is there any other information you can give or anything else you wish to say

?

A.-I suppose you don't want to know about the specific cases as to how the frauds were committed.

Q.-What are the dates?

A.-In December last.

Q. -You say they were committed by altering the receipts?

A. And by issuing a forged chop.

Q.-Forging the shroff's chop?

A.-Yes.

Q.-You think that in the great majority of the cases the money must have been made away with by issuing receipts not in these books?

A. Yes, I think so.

Mr. Bird.---The receipts must have been chopped by a false chop?

A. Yes. If you look at the chops on the receipts you will be able to tell the forged ones at once. (Receipts produced). We have been through the last half year's counterfoils. Why he did not make away with the whole of the counterfoils I cannot make out because he left several that clearly showed that he had done this. This is the only book of counterfoils we have got (produced). It is from September, 1892, to January, 1893.

Q.-Have you any false receipts?

A.-Yes (produced).

Q.--Here is a receipt dated 5th July, 1892, from the Rev. Martinet $844.85. You say this does not appear at all?

A. Yes, it appears for $644.85 and that is the forged chop (exhibited). You will see that it is numbered 772. He passed the shroff one corresponding with the counterfoil for $644.85.

Q.--And when he got the receipt from the shroff he tore up that receipt?

A. Yes, and put a false chop on it.

Q.-Have you an instance in which there is no counterfoil at all, in which he has embezzled the whole amount?

A.-No.

At this point the Commission adjourned until 3 o'clock in the afternoon.

J. A. de Carvalho called.

The Chairman.--What is your name?

Witness.-Januario Antonio de Carvalho. Q.-You have recently taken your pension? A. Yes.

Q.-Since when?

A.--Since January 1st this year.

Q.-How long had you been in the Treasury?

A.--Since August, 1855.

Q.-When you retired you were chief clerk ?

A.-Yes.

( 29 )

Q.-How long had you been chief clerk ?

A.-Since January, 1860.

Q.-We won't go back as far as that, but in 1885 and 1886 and until Mr. Mitchell- Innes' arrival what were your duties as chief clerk? There was no regular Treasurer. There was Mr. Lister who was Postmaster besides?

A. -Yes.

Q.-Under that system what were your duties as chief clerk?

A.-My duties were to open all letters addressed to the Treasury and distribute them to the several officers in charge of particular services, and sign all receipts for the Treasurer.

Mr. Thurburn. All receipts, including Crown Rents?

A.-Yes, all.

The Chairman.-Did you personally receive any money? Had you to receive any money?

A. It was the shroff's duty to receive money.

Q.-But suppose some of these letters contained cheques, what used you to do with them ?

A.-If I saw that a letter was for Crown Rent I would pass the cheque to the shroff and the letter to Alves, and if the cheque was for taxes I would pass the letter to the clerk in charge of the taxes.

Q.-Mr. Alves was under you ?

A. Yes.

Q.-What were his duties?

A.-His duty was to keep the Rent Roll, journal and to close up the colonial account, the yearly account, and also the Crown Agents' account.

Q.-Was it any part of his duty to receive money?

A.-It was in Mr. Lister's time, when he gave a written authority for Mr. Alves and other clerks to sign for the Treasury. For instance, Mr. Alves would sign for Crown Rent and Mr. Madar for rates and taxes.

Mr. Thurburn.-Previously you used to sign?

A.--Yes.

The Chairman.--Why was the change made?

A.--Because I could not do so many things. For instance, the taxes receipts for one Chinaman, like Lai Hing, would take me three quarters of an hour to sign.

Q.-Only once a year?

A.-Every quarter.

Q.--Taxes are collected every quarter?

A. Yes.

Q.-For Crown Rent, how long would it have taken you to sign?

A.-I could not exactly say, but it would not have taken me so long.

Q.--What had you to do? What was your time taken up by?

A.-I had to receive money and witness to payments, contractors, and others.

Q.--You said received no money?

you

A. The shroff received the money.

( 30 )

Q. What was your time taken up by? You said you had not time to sign these receipts ?

A. I had the ordinary duties of the Office, writing up the book, seeing parties receiving money sign in my presence. Now there is a new system and a man before he gets his amount has to sign perhaps twenty times. He will have to sign the voucher in duplicate and the sub-voucher in duplicate.

Q.--Was Alves working in the same room as you were?

A.--No, he worked in a separate room.

Q.--When cheques came, did you not ever give them to Alves?

A.--I might sometimes when a letter comes. Sometimes people sent cheques in an envelope. I would have to send to Mr. Alves or Mr. Madar to ask whether it was for Crown Rent or Water Rate or Taxes or anything of that kind.

Q.--Do you know that Alves was in the habit of receiving money constantly? A.--No, I did not know, not in cash at least. He might have received it in cheques. Q.--Don't you think he received it in cash?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn.--Payers always went direct to the shroff?

A.--Yes.

---And the shroff brought the particulars to Alves?

A.-Alves was to receive for Crown Rent and pass to the shroff and the shroff would receive the money.

The Chairman.-You say that you don't think Mr. Alves received money. Mr. Alves must have received money in order to make away with the large sums missing?

A.-I doubt very much whether he could make such a large amount.

Mr. Thurburn.-You think that he did not? that these defalcations are not wholly his?

A.--Not to the extent they were stated in the paper--I think it was $59,000.

The Chairman.-That is as far we can ascertain the extent of the defalcations and for this reason. We know the amount of the Rent Roll. Take it for 1891.- According to Alves' own book he acknowledged receiving $191,000—that is what he says he has received. He has paid over a sum about $11,000 less than that amount.

A. This total of monies received should agree with the ledger.

Q.---Well, it does not agree by about $11,000?

A.--The amount ought to correspond with the ledger.

Q.-It does not. There is the defalcation, you cannot deny it. We want to find out the total and we have ascertained that in each year about the same amount was taken, and a total sum of about $59,000 is missing. We wish to find out, if we can, how this happened. You say it was no part of Alves' duty to receive money?

A.-No.

Q.--Then how was it that so much money passed through his hands?

A.-He might have received cheques. The only people who used to pay in notes were Messrs. Jardine, Matheson and Co., but that went direct through their compradore.

Mr. Thurburn.-What was the method of receiving the assessed taxes? That was done through another clerk?

A.-Yes, another clerk.

( 31 )

The Chairman.-And for a long time you signed for taxes?

A.-No, I don't remember. I used to sign for Crown Rent and other receipts but since Mr. Lister's time an order was given for each clerk to sign for his own department.

Q.--About what date was that? Was it before 1888?

A.-I think so. You will find it recorded in the Office.

Q.-Before Mr. Lister gave that order there were three clerks then connected with the giving of receipts including the shroff-there was Mr. Alves, whose duty it was to make out receipts, the shroff, and you ?

A.--Yes and Madar.

-You would naturally check Mr. Alves before you signed?

A.-I signed the receipt if I saw the private chop of the shroff.

.---Did you not look at the figures?

A.-No, I simply looked at the shroff's chop.

Q.-Who brought the receipt?

A.-The shroff.

Mr. Bird. The shroff would not know whether the counterfoil and the receipt agreed?

A.—No.

Mr. Thurburn. But Mr. Alves made out the receipt and the shroff brought it for you to sign, but after Mr. Lister gave this order the only people connected with it were Mr. Alves and the shroff?

A. Yes.

Q. And there was no check whatever?

A.-No.

Q.-At that time the Auditor was the Colonial Secretary?

A. Yes.

Q.-And how did he audit?

A.-He audited the totals, and this book (Rent Roll) is supposed to be out within three months of the close of the year.

The Chairman.-Is there any written order or regulation about that?

A.-No, nothing of the kind; when the local auditor was not here this book was supposed to be out within three months.

Mr. Bird. As a matter of fact was it out within three months?

A.-1 cannot say. I think most part of the year it was up.

Q.-Written up?

A.--Yes.

Mr. Thurburn.-And when the local auditor was here, was it one of his duties to see that the book was balanced?

A. Yes, every book should balance. A.-Yes,

The Chairman.-1890, 1891, and 1892 are not balanced.

A.-You could not expect 1892 to be, 1891 ought to be balanced.

-1890 was not balanced?

A.That is very queer, I cannot explain that.

Q,-Is

Is it any part of your duty to see that the books were balanced? A.-No, nothing at all.

i

( 32 )

Q.--Whose duty was it to see that the book was balanced?

A.-The auditor's.

Q.-Or head of the department?

A.-The auditor.

Mr. Bird.-Alves had entire charge of the books?

A.-Entire charge of the Rent Roll, and the power to give a receipt.

-He could take away the books?

A. Yes, I think so.

Mr. Thurburn.-Up to what year do you know of your own knowledge that the book was balanced?

A.-I do not know.

Q.-You only know that it ought to have been?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you see any reason why it should not have been? Should it have taken six or twelve months?

A.—It would take a little time, within three months it ought to be balanced.

Mr. Thurburn.-Who was auditor up to 1887?

A. The local auditor.

The Chairman.-The auditor generally was the Colonial Secretary?

A. Yes.

Q.-The man who actually did the work was Freire?

A. Yes, and Ribeiro. Ribeiro used to audit the Rent Roll. He retired in 1890 and died shortly afterwards.

Q.-Do you know at all how he used to audit, what was his system?

A. He used to compare the counterfoil with the entry in the book, Lot No. so- and-so and look at the Rent Roll and make a tick.

up

Q.-He did not see whether everything in the book was paid into the Bank ?

A.-I don't know. I don't think so..

Mr. Bird. You are not certain whether the book was balanced in 1885, or any year to 1889 within three months?

A.-No, I am not certain.

Mr. Thurburn. It was the Treasurer's duty to see that it was done?

A.-I suppose so.

The Chairman.-Why do you say it should be done within three months? Was there no Government order to that effect?

A.-I say three months because it would take about that time. There is a lot of work in connection with it.

Mr. Thurburn. There is no reason why it should not be balanced twice a year? A.-I don't think so.

The Chairman.-You could have it balanced every six months?

A. Yes, the totals received should correspond with the book.

Mr. Thurburn. If it is properly balanced and compared with the amount paid into the Bank that is a complete check?

66

A. Yes. Besides that there is what is called the Daily Crown Rent receipts. At the close of the day I will ask the shroff What did you receive from Crown Rents?" He would say perhaps "$929.43" and then he will go to Alves and if the amount corresponded with Alves' I will enter it in my book.

( 33 )

Mr. Bird.-What did you enter it in?

A.-I entered it in the cash book.

Q.-You kept the cash book?

A. Yes.

Q.-You did not keep the ledger?

A.-Alves and every clerk kept a general ledger.

The Chairman.-Who made out the slip for paying into the Bank?

A.-I did.

Q.--You used to see that the money was paid in?

A. Yes.

Mr. Thurburn.-You never kept money in the Treasury over night?

A. We had to sometimes. After we closed the book about 2 o'clock the shroff went to the Bank about 2.30 p.m. and if between 2.30 and 4 o'clock, when the Office closed, anyone brought money we were bound to receive it.

Q.-But nothing more than that?

A.-No.

The Chairman. Then you had no means of checking whether the amount they gave you was the correct amount?

A.--No.

Q.--You depended upon the shroff and Alves?

A. Yes.

Q.-And if Alves chose to receive money and not pay it over there was no check, because you could not find it out?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn.-Besides Crown Rents were there any other receipts that direct into the Treasury from the public?

A. Yes, licences were received into the Treasury.

Q.-From where?

A. From the public direct.

Q.-And who gave receipts for them?

A.-The third clerk granted a receipt for spirit licences.

Q.--Was there any check upon that amount?

A. They have a book, the registry book.

Q. -But there is no means of balancing it?

A.-I don't know.

The Chairman.- Who delivers the licences?

A.--The Colonial Secretary, the Treasury receives the fee.

The Chairman. Then you have a check?

Mr. Thurburn.-There is a book of the same kind for other licences?

A. Yes, for pawnbrokers and all sorts.

you received.

( 34 )

Q.-I want to know the check for balancing the pawnbrokers account. Do you get a list from the Colonial Secretary's Office?

A.-Yes.

Q-So that in each case you can have a balance of the book?

A.-Yes, the pawnbrokers licences are payable yearly; the spirit licences are payable monthly, $10.

Q.-If all these books were balanced that would be a sufficient check against fraud?

A.-Yes, of course the totals of the licences book must correspond with the totals in the ledger.

Q.-And you think that if the books had all been balanced regularly that fraud would have been impossible?

A.-I should think so.

The Chairman.-But it would not have prevented the fraud during the course of the year?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn.-It would be sure to be found out in a short time.

The Chairman.-When there was no regular Treasurer, did not you think that you had complete control over the clerks?

A.-I should think so.

Q.-Yet had you no knowledge that Alves was receiving money every day?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn.-Was it not your duty to see that the books were balanced? usually is the duty of the head of an office.

It

A.—I always went after them to balance as soon as possible but they always gave some excuse. I could see that my own book was balanced immediately after the month.

Q.-You had authority over the other clerks?

A.-I had.

.--Was it not your duty as head of the office to insist upon the books being

balanced?

A.--The auditor was supposed to look after that.

Q.-That is not according to the practice of an ordinary commercial office.

A.-We had no written instruction as to the particular duty of each officer in the department.

The Chairman.--Did you never complain to Mr. Lister that the books were not balanced?

A.-No, but I understood from one of the clerks in the Audit Office that Mr. Freire complained. He reported the fact to Mr. Lister.

Mr. Thurburn.-And what did Mr. Lister do?

A.-I think Mr. Lister told Mr. Freire to mind his own business. That is what Mr. Freire told me.

The Chairman.-You say Ribeiro used to do it sometimes?

A.-In the absence of Ribeiro, Freire would do it. Freire reported to Mr. Lister that the Rent Roll was not balanced,

1.

( 35 )

Mr. Bird. You never reported it yourself?

A.-No.

Q.--You have known Mr. Alves a long time, I suppose?

A. Since he joined the Government service.

Q.-

.--You never suspected him?

A.-No.

Q.---You never had any idea that he was speculating heavily, or spending too much money in his private life?

A.--No, I never thought that.

Q.-You never thought that he spent more than he ought to?

A.—No, I was always under the impression that his Kowloon lot would turn out a good concern for him.

Mr. Thurburn.--As regards the money that came in from other departments such as the Magistracy—what was the method of receiving it ?

A.--That goes to the Bank.

Q.--It goes into your books?

A. Yes.

Q.-You get a memo?

A.-I get a receipt from the Bank.

Q. And you did not consider that the Treasury was at all responsible for the accounts being correct for instance the accounts of the Magistracy?

A.-No, I simply took their statements, and the money was paid into the Bank.

The Chairman.-And you gave the Head of the Department a receipt from the Treasury?

A.-Yes.

Mr. Thurburn produced the balance sheet giving the details of receipts as published in the Gazette and witness explained through which Department the several amounts were received and what were paid direct into the Treasury.

Mr. Thurburn.--The only two large items paid direct into the Treasury are the assessed taxes and Crown Rent?

A.--Yes.

-The other things are all checked by the Departments?

A. Yes. In my opinion if Alves had not had the power to sign the receipt he could not have committed a fraud. He had sole power over the book however, and power to sign the receipt.

Q.--You think it was a mistake of Mr. Lister to make that system?

A.-Yes.

Mr. Bird.If there were two officers to sign, it would be all right?

A.-Yes.

Mr. Thurburn.-Except of course if you signed without checking, and without seeing whether the counterfoil was correct?

A. Yes.

( 36 )

Mr. Thurburn explained to the witness the methods by which, it was presumed by the Treasurer and the Auditor, Alves had perpetrated the frauds.

Mr. Thurburn.-Can you suggest any other check than a balance?

A.-I don't think so.

Q.-The balances ought to bring out anything wrong at the end say of six

months?

A.--Yes.

The Chairman. Supposing the system of your signing the receipts had continued, would you have signed them without seeing that the amounts were correct in Alves' book?

A.---I should satisfy myself of the total of the amount received for the day. If the shroff told me that his book corresponded with the total of Alves' Day Book that is sufficient for me.

Q.-Would

A. Yes.

you have been satisfied with that?

Q.--That would not have prevented fraud because you would have signed the receipt on Alves handing it to you?

A.-I would not sign without seeing the shroff's chop.

Q.-Suppose the shroff's chop was forged?

A.-Alves never brought the receipt to me. The shroff always brought it.

Mr. Thurburn.-Therefore you think the previous system was the proper one?

The Chairman. Mr. Alves could still have forged the chop?

A.-He would not dare to because the receipt would go to the shroff first.

Mr. Thurburn. The proper way would be that there should be a rule that the shroff brings the receipt.

Mr. Bird.--The more hands it passes through the better. (To witness) I suppose when Mr. Mitchell Innes took up his position he confirmed Mr. Lister's order?

A.-Yes, it was confirmed by him in writing after it had been brought to his notice.

Q. Did you never point out to Mr. Mitchell-Innes that you did not think it such a good system as the old one?

A.--No.

Q.-I suppose the balancing of the Crown Rent Book was no more difficult than the taxes book?

A.-No, I don't think the taxes book was balanced. It ought to have been, but I think it would take four or five times longer.

Q.-It was never balanced?

A.-I don't think so.

The Chairman.-It would be a very easy thing. You have the ledger account and that would show how much had been received for Crown Rent at the end of the year. How long would it take to add that up?

A.-It is supposed to be added up every month.

.

L

( 37 )

Q.-So the ledger account might have been added up every time?

A.-This book (indicating) which is called a Treasury cash book is not really a cash book. We should call it a day book because from this book they journalise entries.

Mr. Thurburn.-I notice you have no account for each day. You simply bring down the totals.

This book was

A.-No, I had a separate book which I call a "telling cash book." abolished by Mr. Nicolle and Mr. Mitchell-Innes from the 1st of January. It was a book that was found so useful that Sir Cecil Smith wrote from Singapore for a copy, and they followed it there. They tried to abolish it before, but I said that I wanted to keep it.

Q. How do they check it now then?

A.-I don't know what system they are working now. I had this particular book

with the Bank.

Mr. Bird. And you could tell the balance every day?

A.-At any moment.

Mr. Thurburn.-You checked that with the pass book?

A. Every week: And the Bank often made the mistake of debiting the Govern- ment with a private cheque.

Q-Don't they keep such a book now?

A.--No. Mr. Nicolle said last year that he did not see the use of it. In that book I entered the number of the cheque and to whom it was payable. It was balanced every week with the Bank pass book.

Mr. Bird.--- Your idea is that they have done away with that and have now got no detailed account with the Bank?

.

A.-Except the Bank book. Sir Cecil Smith admired my system so much that he sent for copies of the book. From that book I could tell at any moment what the position at the Bank was. From Sir James Russell's time to Mr. Lister's time I was the only officer to sign for the Treasury. Then they found that was too much for me to do and they introduced the system of every officer signing for his own particular work.

Q.-You did not point out to Mr. Mitchell-Innes who was new to the work that it was not a good system?

A.-No.

The Commission then adjourned until Friday, March 3rd, at 3 o'clock.

( 38 )

THIRD MEETING.

March 3rd, 1893

Present: Mr. E. J. ACKROYD, Chairman.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Mr. S. G. BIRD.

Mr. F. J. BADELEY, Secretary.

Mr. F. H. May called.

The Chairman.-We are enquiring into the defalcations in the Treasury, Mr. May, and as you were Acting Treasurer for some months last year we would like to have some information from you.

When did you take charge?

Witness.-On March 31st, I think.

Q.--And you were acting until ?

A.-The first week in October, the 7th I think.

Q.-When you took charge, did you look into the working of the Office at all to see what system was carried out?

A. Yes.

Q.-About Crown Rents, what did you find was the system pursued?

A.-I found that all the money paid into the Treasury was paid into the hands of the shroff, and that the man in charge of the collection of Crown Rent on being informed by the shroff that such a sum had been paid, made out a receipt for the amount, which receipt was handed back to the shroff and upon the shroff affixing his seal to it it was handed to the man who brought the money.

Q.-And the receipt was signed by?

A.- By the man in charge of the Rent Roll.

Q.-Who was in charge of the Rent Roll?

A.-Alves.

Q. Did you never think whether there were any precautions against Alves receiv- ing money and not accounting for it?

A.--No, I never was aware of Alves receiving money direct.

Mr. Thurburn.-Was there any regulation against his receiving money or was there any order that the shroff was the only man to receive money?

A.---I could not exactly say whether there was any regulation, but it was certainly the practice of the Office that only the cashier might handle money, or the shroff, but nobody else.

The Chairman.-The practice has been that Alves has handled money, and to a very large extent.

p

A. In my own case I have often received money sent to me in a letter, as Treasurer. I have always sent it direct to the shroff.

3

( 39 )

Q.--Was your attention ever called to the fact that Alves signed receipts?

A.-No.

Q-At one time all the receipts had been signed by Mr. Carvalho, but afterwards that system was altered by an order of Mr. Lister and Alves signed receipts. Was your attention ever called to that?

A.--No.

Q.--Was any complaint made to you by Mr. Nicolle that the Rent Roll had not been balanced?

A.--Yes, on two occasions.

Q.—Could you give us about the date?

A.-I think not long after I took charge, and again I should say about August, as far as I can remember.

Q. What did you do when Mr. Nicolle first complained?

A.-I spoke to Alves about it. He was very busy and had a great deal to do and he showed me his Rent Roll Book and he was going on with it. He appeared to be working at it every day and I regarded it as an arrear which would soon be wiped off.

could.

Q.-You say he spoke to you again in August. What did you do then?

A.—I took similar action. I simply urged Alves to get on with it as quick as he

Q. -Was that the Rent Roll for 1890 or 1891?

A.-It was for 1891.

Mr. Thurburn.-Did Mr. Nicolle point out that it was one of the necessary checks having that book balanced?

A.-No, I remember his words were to the effect that "I wish you would hurry up Alves with his Rent Roll, he has not closed his book yet.

Q.-He did not point out that it was one of the checks?

A.-Not that I am aware of..

The Chairman.-Do you remember what he said on the second occasion that he complained?

A.-As far as I remember his remarks were to a similar effect.

Q.

-And the book was not balanced when you left the Treasury?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn. Did you ask whether it had been the habit to balance the book before you went to the Treasury?

A.--When I urged Alves on and spoke to him about it he said that he never could get it balanced until about the end of the year. That was his excuse to me. He said he had always so much work to do that he never got it balanced until the latter half of

the year.

Q.-Do you know that there are two years 1888 and 1889 missing; are you aware whether either of those years were balanced?.

A.--No, I did not make enquiries into a year prior to 1891.

The Chairman.---Did you ever hear any complaints of Alves?

A.--No, I always heard him spoken of both by the Treasurer and Mr. Nicolle as the best man in the Office and the hardest worker, and the most obliging.

( 40 )

Q. -Who used to open letters addressed to the Treasurer? Were they sent to Mr. Carvalho as they used to be formerly or did they come to you?

A.--They were opened by the Treasurer.

Q.-By you?

A. Yes.

Q. -And if they contained cheques they would be sent to the respective officers? A.--I used to send the money to the cashier.

Q.--Who?

A.-Mr. Carvalho, and he passed the money to the shroff who was sitting just in front of him.

Q.-You say the shroffs were sitting just in front of him?

A. Yes, directly in front facing him so that he could see exactly what they were doing.

Mr. Bird. You are acquainted with these financial instructions? (produced).

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you know Rule 49 which says that whenever possible two or more officers should take part in every receipt and payment of public money? Did it ever occur to you that Alves was only one officer, you would not count the shroff as an officer?

A. Yes I should.

Q.-You would?

A.-It never occurred to me that large payments were being made to Alves. I never knew that he received money.

The Chairman.--Did you know that the shroff could not write English? A.-No, I was not aware of the fact.

Mr. Freire called.

The Chairman.-What is your name?

A.--Francisco Freire.

Q. What are you?

A.-I am a pensioner. Q.-Since when?

A.-Last month.

Q.-You were attached to the Audit Office?

A. Yes.

Q.-How long were you attached to the Audit Office?

A. From 1879 to 1890.

book?

Q.-It was part of your duty to go round to the different offices and examine the

A. Yes.

Q.-Had you anything to do with the Rent Roll?

A.--I used to have lately, 5 or 6 years ago.

Q.-Could you tell us the first year?

A.--I cannot recollect. (Signature to the Rent Roll of 1887 identified.) That is my signature at the end of the Rent Roll of 1887. Freire, May 9th, 1889."

"Examined and found correct, F.

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-It was your duty to examine the Rent Roll?

A. Yes.

Q. Did you examine it when it was completed or during the course of the year? A.-When completed. That was the instruction I had.

Q.--Whom did you get the instruction from?

A.-From Dr. Stewart.

Q.--Did you ever ask for the Rent Roll of 1887? I see it is only examined in 1889. A.-I did and the excuse was given that he had to wait for a certain book (Land Office Rent Roll) from the Surveyor General or the Land Office.

Q.-Who said that?

A.-Alves-and that he was always busy and he could not give it to me earlier. I reported it to Dr. Stewart and Mr. Lister and I recollect when I spoke to Mr. Lister about it another time he told me distinctly to mind my own business.

Q.--At what date was that?

A.-I cannot say.

Q.-About when?

A.-1886 or 1887, I suppose.

Mr. Thurburn.-It was two years behind then?

A. Yes.

Q.-What did Dr. Stewart say?

A.-He said he would see about it. I recollect a sort of meeting we had but I don't know when it was.

Q.-Whom of?

A.-I said, "The system is not good and besides that I want to examine the account because I propose to examine all the counterfoils-that is the daily work. That is the only way I can see to check it." Dr. Stewart sent for Mr. Alves and Mr. Madar and Mr. Silva; there were three or four of them against me. I recollect what I said to Dr. Stewart. I did my duty, that was all.

The Chairman.-Do you know whether the Rent Roll for 1888 was examined? A.--I don't think so. I could show the Rent Roll for 1890. I only wrote it the other day. I was paid to do that year.

Mr. Thurburn.--Was 1892 balanced?

up

A.-It was balanced by me. 1890 and 1891 were offered to me but the payment was too small and I refused.

The Chairman.-About the 1888 book, I suppose it was your duty to examine that?

A. Yes.

Q.-Did you ever examine it?

A.-No.

Q.-You allowed it to remain. You were examiner during 1889 ?

A. Yes, up to 1890.

Q.-During the year 1888 Mr. Wodehouse was at the Treasury part of the year?

A. Yes.

-Did you ever ask for the book of 1888 ?

A.--During 1889? Yes.

Q.-What answer did you get?

A.-Mr. Alves said the book was not ready because he was waiting for a certain book to complete it.

A

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Q.-Did you make any report of that to Mr. Wodehouse? A.-No, I thought that Mr. Wodehouse knew about it.

Q.-You made no report to him?

A.-No, not to him. I reported it to Dr. Stewart and Mr. Lister in 1886 or 1887. Mr. Thurburn.-As a matter of fact for a number of years this book has not been balanced until about two years afterwards?

A. Always that way, always about two years afterwards. And to prove that, the book of 1890 was only balanced the other day by me. 1892 was also done by me.

Q.-1888 and 1889 were missing. Were they balanced?

A.-I don't think so.

Q.-They were not examined by you

A.-No.

?

The Chairman.-Do you know whether they were examined by Mr. Ribeiro? A.-I don't know. My predecessor was Mr. Ribeiro and after that Mr. Taverner. Q.-During the year 1889 whose duty was it to examine the book for 1888? A.-Mine.

Q. When do you say you reported it to Mr. Lister?

A. In 1886 or 1887, I am not quite sure.

Q.

And you reported it to Dr. Stewart ?

A.-Yes.

Mr. Thurburn.-What about the assessed taxes book?

A. That is another book also which I said had the same defect in it. Q.—And did you report that the assessed taxes book was not balanced?

A.—No.

Q.-Only the Crown Rent book?

A.- When I made my report, I made my report on both books.

Mr. Bird. You were aware that the books were not balanced?

A. Yes. It is impossible for one man to examine this book (Rent Roll) because

I had to attend to seventeen departments and had 15,000 vouchers to go through.

Q. Did you examine that this total received in 1887, $164,074, had been paid into the Bank?

A.-I don't think I did.

Q. What did your examination of this book (Rent Roll) consist of?

A. I really don't recollect now. It is such a long time ago.

Q.-Don't you think you saw whether the $164,074 had been paid in? A. I think I did.

Q.-You checked that off then?

A. Yes-because (indicating) all these are my ticks.

Mr. Thurburn.-Unless you saw that this money was received it would be no check?

A.-Exactly.

M. Bird. You may recollect Mr. Nicolle said that the amount that year had been received within $3 or $4.

The Committee then adjourned until Monday, March 6th, at 3 p.m.

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FOURTH MEETING.

March 6th, 1893.

Present:-Mr. E. J. ACKROYD, Chairman.

Mr. J. THURburn.

Mr. S. J. BIRD.

Mr. F. J. BADELEY, Secretary.

Mr. H. E. Wodehouse called.

The Chairman.-What is your name?

Witness. Henry Ernest Wodehouse.

Q. When were you first appointed Acting Treasurer?

A. In 1888.

Q.-Can

Can you give us the date?

A. In the summer, I cannot say nearer than that-June or July.

Q. And you continued so until?

A. Until the end of 1889.

Q.-Or the beginning of 1890, when Mr. Fleming arrived?

A.-1889 I think it was.

-And you resumed?

A. In the summer of 1890.

Q.-Until?

A. December, 1890.

-Do you remember what leave Mr. Lister originally had; that is to say how long you were to be at the Treasury?

A. I think it was a year or sixteen months, but I could not be sure which.

Q. When you took up your position did you examine the Office and see what books. were kept?

A.-I did.

Q. What sums of money were received?

A. Yes.

Q.-And what checks, if any, there were?

A.-I generally enquired into the administration of the Office..

Q. What did you find in respect to the receipt of Crown Rent? What was the

system adopted, whose duty was it to receive the rent, and so on?

A.-Generally speaking it was the duty of the cashier to receive the money.

Q. Whom do you mean by the cashier?

A.-I mean the Chinese shroff.

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છુ.

-And what control was there over the shroff?

A. Any money he received he paid to the cashier, Mr. Carvalho. The two occupied the same office.

Mr. Thurburn.-That is to say he gave him an account?

A.-And

A. And paid in the money.

Mr. Bird. He received the hard cash?

A.-Yes, as far as I remember, and it was put in the safe for the day and paid into the bank at the end of the day.

The Chairman.-Do you know who used to sign the receipts for Crown Rent?

A.-I should say Mr. Alves would sign the receipts. It would not be my duty because I was absent during the greater part of the day.

Q.-Supposing it was Alves who signed the receipts, were you satisfied that the checks were sufficient to prevent defalcations of money?

A.-The checks I regarded as the auditing.

Mr. Thurburn.-You looked upon the Auditor as the check?"

A. Yes.

Q. Did you read the "Financial Instructions" when they came out?

A. In 1891 there were financial instructions.

The Chairman.-You looked upon the Auditor as responsible for the checks? Are there any instructions to that effect?

A. Not as far as I am aware.

Q.-Then why did you rely on the Auditor?

A. That is the only practicable check.

Q. Did you ever make any examinations, any surprise visits?

A.-I constantly did so.

-These "Financial Instructions" lay down that the audit will not relieve the responsibility of the Treasurer.

A.-Those instructions, I think, have been issued since there was a permanent Treasurer, and that makes the whole of the difference.

Q.-I want to know whether there were any instructions in your time respecting the duties of the Treasurer and Auditor.

A.-There were departmental instructions, that is to say, financial instructions issued from home.

Mr. Thurburn.-Those instructions did not lay down that the Treasurer was to have separate and independent checks of his own?

A.-I am not prepared to say that. They were voluminous instructions but I should imagine that the intention at home was that the Treasurer should keep an independent check.

The Chairman.—Supposing money was received by Alves direct, that is to say members of the public came in and paid money direct to Alves, what check would you have upon Alves?

A.-The shroff only.

When money was taken direct to Alves?

A.-Really only the auditing.

Q.-Did you examine the Rent Roll from time to time?

A.---I was constantly examining the Rent Roll.

Q.--To see that it was properly kept?

A. Yes.

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Would you not consider that to enable the Auditor properly to check the accounts it was necessary that the Rent Roll should be written up and balanced?

A. Yes.

Q. Do you know whether the Rent Rolls for 1888 and 1889 were ever written up and balanced so as to enable the Auditor to check them?

A.-I am unable to say. I do not know.

Q.-But if you examined them as you say you did sometimes, would you not have seen whether they were balanced or not?

A.—I examined them with a view to seeing that the arrears were not getting to excess rather than with a view to see the correctness of the accounts.

Mr. Bird. You thought the audit would cover that?

A. Yes.

The Chairman.-In order that you should see the total amount of arrears at the end of the year was it not necessary that the Rent Roll should be added up?

A.—Yes; that is to say in order to see if there was a correct account.

Q.-And you cannot say whether the books for 1888 and 1889 were balanced while you were at the Treasury?

A.-I cannot say that.

Q. Do you know when the Rent Roll for 1887 was written up?

A.-I do not know.

Q.-Did Alves ever complain to you that he had too much work and could not finish the Rent Roll of 1887?

A.--I think generally he said he had a good deal to do, but I do not know that he made any special complaint of the fact.

Q. Do you know whether the Auditor ever brought to your notice the fact that the Rent Rolls for 1888 and 1889 were not written up?

A.-Never.

Mr. Bird. Who was Auditor in those days?

A.-Dr. Stewart and Mr. Freire. Freire did the general work of auditing and it was to him I looked for auditing.

The Chairman.You cannot tell us the year in which the book of 1888 was balanced or whether it was ever balanced?

A.-No, I cannot.

Q.-You say you were at the Treasury the whole of 1889 ?

A. Yes.

Q.-Therefore the book of 1888 ought to have been written up?

A.-It should have been. Whether it was or not I cannot say

Q.-

-Was it ever brought to your notice that the system of signing receipts had been altered by Mr. Lister; that formerly the receipts were signed by Mr. Carvalho, but that afterwards the receipts were signed some by Alves and some by Madar?

A.-I have no recollection of that.

Q. What was the general time you went to the Office?

A.-That entirely depended upon the work I had to do in other departments.

Q.-Did

you go every day?

A.-Yes, every day.

Q.-And how long would you remain there?

A.-That would also depend upon circumstances.

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You did not sign receipts for taxes or Crown Rent?

A.-No, not as far as I remember.

-What did your duties as Treasurer chiefly consist in?

A.-I should say in keeping the work up to the mark as much as possible, seeing that the different collections were made in time, and so on, and in correspondence and in Executive and Legislative work.

Mr. Thurburn.-Making out the estimates?

A.-As a member of the Legislative Council, attending meetings and so on.

The Chairman.-You cannot tell us that you insisted that the book of 1888 should be balanced?

A.-I cannot. I should think probably I did not.

Q.-Why?

A.-I think I should recollect if I did.

Mr. Bird.-As far as we can make out, the system of balancing was the chief check you had. If it had been insisted upon there could have been no fraud.

the system?

You understand

A.-Yes. What I always felt was the want of a daily audit. One had to trust and rely upon

these visits of the Auditor and what I felt was that every day, from day to day, there ought to be a continuous audit going on.

Mr. Thurburn.—That duty would have been in the Treasurer's own department?

A. Yes, but there was no officer to do it. I say there ought to be an officer.

-You had not sufficient clerks?

A.-They were all busy with their own work.

Q.-In fact it was impossible?

A.-Unless there was a special man.

The Chairman.-That being so, did not you consider that it was very important that the only check which the Auditor had, namely, the balancing of the book, should have been attended to?

A.-I certainly see now after the event that it should be done, but it did not strike me at the time. So much so indeed that I am unable to say whether it was done or not.

Mr. Thurburn.-Did you know that Alves was in the habit of receiving money?

A.—It never came specially to my notice.

The Chairman.-What do you mean by specially?

A.-It was never brought to my notice.

Q.-The system seems to have been to institute a check on the shroff, but there was no check on Alves?

A. Yes.

Q.-Except by balancing the book at the end of the year, and that was not done?

A. Yes.

Q.-So there was absolutely no check upon him?

A.-No.

Mr. Thurburn.-We were told that Mr. Lister altered the system-that formerly Alves made out the receipts and that they were all signed by Mr. Carvalho, and it was owing to Alves not only keeping the register of crown rents, making out receipts and

1

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signing himself that the defalcations arose. If the system had not been altered and Mr. Carvalho had still signed the receipts don't you think that would have been a certain check?

A. To a certain it would have been, but I am of opinion that there is no real check except the balancing and a continuous audit.

Mr. Bird.--But if the receipts and money went through two officers it would be difficult to commit a fraud?

A.-I don't attach much importance to that. That is all very well when you start, but as the men get into grooves they become careless, and I don't think the check is an effective one.

Q. But it makes fraud more difficult?

A. Yes, but the two were in different offices. That alone I consider as objection- able.

Q.--Mr. Carvalho tells us that if that system had been continued he thinks that it would have prevented these defalcations because he said that he would never have signed anything unless it had the shroff's chop upon it and the shroff would not have allowed any false chop to pass.

A.-It may be so, but I doubt it very much. Is it perfectly certain that notwith- standing the balancing of the books nothing took place before these books were examined? Might I ask when the 1887 book was balanced?

The Chairman.-It was balanced in April, 1889.

A. That would be in my time.

The Chairman.-1887 is all right.

Mr. Bird.--1888 has disappeared.

Witness.--Has no reference been made to previous books?

The Chairman.-No.

Witness.To see whether they are balanced?

The Chairman.-No.

Witness.--I should like to make enquiry at the Treasury about them. It seems a very long time for the 1887 book not to be balanced until 1889.

Mr. Thurburn. They say it was always about 18 months after the close of the year before the book was balanced.

Witness.Then I think the balance is no effective check.

The Chairman.—If the balance was made immediately it would show a deficit.

Witness.--Was it ever made immediately?

The Chairman.-No.

Witness. It seems an extraordinarily long time and if such has been the case always I should say the balancing is not the check that it ought to be. My own opinion is that there should be a continuous audit.

The Chairman.-You will find with regard to the Rent Roll that a continuous audit would not have prevented defalcations such as these.

Witness.—I am not confining myself to the Rent Roll. I mean a continuous auditing of the Treasury work. There are rates and taxes, &c., all of which, in my opinion, ought to be checked continuously. It is not possible for the head of the Department to do it, or any other officer as far as I know.

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Mr. Thurburn.—The Rent Roll and taxes, could they both be checked by periodic auditing, balances once say every quarter or six months? The other items of the receipts come from different departments that have their own checks. Everything can be checked by balancing?

A.-It ought to be.

Q.-Has the Treasurer control over the other departments? Had you to visit them and see that the checks were carried out?

A.-No.

-It was not your duty in that time?

A.-No. I imagine since the appointment of a permanent Treasurer things have been altered and the Treasurer has control over all departments.

Mr. Bird. You had not time, I suppose?

A.-No certainly not. You see I was Police Magistrate and Superintendent of the Fire Brigade also.

Mr. Thurburn.-A continuous check such as you talk of, as far as Crown Rent is concerned, would be a daily checking by another officer (apart from the man who keeps the book) of the counterfoils of Crown Rent with this Rent Roll book (produced)?

A.-Yes, it would.

The Chairman.-Alves did not always fill in the counterfoils.

A.-If you had a man specially I think it would constitute an efficient check.

Mr. Thurburn. The only really efficient check is balancing?

A.-Balancing would have to be done of course as a test of the correctness of the previous audit.

year

The Chairman. It was only when the accounts were balanced at the end of the that you could tell the amount of the arrears?

A.-I am not prepared to say that.

Q. How otherwise could you have seen?

A.-By the entries you could see what was paid and what was not.

Mr. Thurburn.-Simply looking through the book?

A.--Yes.

The Chairman. That would not give the total amount ?

A.—No, but it would show you how things stood.

Q.-If the book of 1888 had been balanced in January, 1889, you would have seen that Alves had short paid about $11,000?

A. Yes, but 1887 was not balanced until 1889.

Mr. Thurburn. That is just it. If the balance had been taken out every six months the defalcations would not be very large, if there were any.

The Chairman.—As far as we can ascertain the books of 1888, 1889, 1890 and 1891 were never balanced?

year

A. No.

Q. Whereas if the books had been balanced within a month of the expiry of the the deficit would have been ascertained at once?

A. Certainly.

The Committee then adjourned sine die.

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FIFTH MEETING.

March 16th, 1893. .

Present:-Mr. E. J. ACKROYd, Chairman.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Mr. S. G. BIRD.

Mr. F. J. BADELEY, Secretary.

Honourable N. G. Mitchell-Innes, re-called.

The Chairman:-We wish to ask you a few questions, Mr. Mitchell-Innes, with regard to the system of checking employed in the Treasury. You said that you considered the checking of the Audit Office sufficient. Now the Instructions say that you as head of a department are responsible for the checking in your own department. How long would it have taken to have a check made of the counterfoils with the Rent Roll every day?

A.-I could not say. I never tried to do it.

Q. Do you know about how many payments would be made every day?

A.—No, I should think they vary very largely.

Q-At the beginning of every six months of course they would come in pretty heavily?

A. Naturally they would.

Mr. Thurburn. Is it not possible to institute checks in the department, to have a separate officer to check off the counterfoils with the Reut Roll and see that there were no discrepancies ?

A.-It would be perfectly possible.

Q.-It would not be very much work. It might possibly for a week or two after the end of each half year, when, I suppose, the payments are large?

A. Yes.

Q.-It might be pretty hard work for a few days at that period but most days it would only be a matter of a quarter of an hour?

A. Yes. I might explain with reference to this checking of receipts that when I took up the position of Treasurer the new Financial Instructions were just coming out and of course at that time I was entirely ignorant of Treasurer's duties and I was in doubt as to what financial instructions ought to be like. The Auditor showed me some which he had gone through with Mr. Wodehouse and I was not able to make many corrections or suggestions at the time and they passed into their present shape with very little alteration from me. But there is a dispatch on record in which, after a great deal of correspondence as to what the respective duties were to be, I distinctly said that I declined to be responsible for the checking of the receipts generally in service unless the staff was increased.

The Chairman.We are speaking now only of the receipts in the Department.

A. Yes. I declined to be responsible for the checking of receipts generally.

( 50

Q.-Did that include your own Department?

A. Yes. The Treasury collects about 3rds. of the whole revenue of the Colony. If I did the work properly I should have to do the entire work the Auditor does in my department and the Auditor has already explained that he comes sometimes for a fort- night in the month.

Mr. Thurburn. It is not expected that you personally should do it, but a different and separate officer.

A.-That is perfectly possible.

Mr. Bird. Then you want an addition to your staff?

A. Yes. I may also say that I wrote this dispatch-it was a very full dispatch -pointing out the way the audit had been introduced here, and the fact that the Secretary of State had said that the Treasurer would have no auditing to do when the new audit system came in, and that the auditor would himself be able to do the work of checking the receipts. The Secretary of State's Instructions do not tally with the Financial Instructions. After writing that dispatch I went on leave and while I was at home I went to the Colonial Office. They had my dispatch before them and they confined themselves to asking me what kind of check I thought sufficient and they told me that they had not the slightest intention of increasing my staff if they could possibly help it.

I said that I thought the Auditor's examination of the receipts was sufficient without my also conducting an audit of the receipts.

Mr. Thurburn.-In fact he was to be the check?

A. Yes.

Mr. Bird. And at the same time you refused to take any responsibility so long as the Auditor was doing it?

A. Yes. I could not do it in fact without an increased staff.

Mr. Thurburn.-The Financial Instructions say that the Treasurer is to have a separate check.

Mr. Bird.-That the audit does not relieve the responsibility of the head of a department.

Mr. Thurburn.--It distinctly says that the Auditor is not supposed to check the Treasurer.

Mr. Bird.--Did you receive any reply to that dispatch?

A.--No. The dispatch is on record. I was looking at it only the other day. The original is here.

The Chairman.--About the balancing of the lists sent in to you by different authorities such as licences and others, have those lists ever been balanced with the receipts or checked with the receipts to see whether you have received all the fees for those licences ?

A. That was done in the Auditor's ordinary book. He was to check, so I under- stood, every receipt.

Q. Did you never check them? For instance, if you got a list of licences from the Colonial Secretary's Office or the Police, or wherever it may be from, did you never check them?

A.-No, the general check I kept was that when the estimates of revenue were made up one would find out about what ought to be received, and if you fell below your estimate you would enquire why the amount was not received.

Q.-Who made out the estimates?

A. The accountant.

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I

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Q.-He made out the estimates?

A. Yes.

Q. Did you ever check those estimates?

A.-I used to go over them with him. He used to consult me.

Q.--He practically made them out?

A.-He submitted them to me.

Mr. Bird.--And if he was defrauding the Treasury he would naturally make the estimates less?

A.-Quite so.

Mr. Thurburn. In making our recommendations for the future working of the Office we would naturally say that all these lists, as well as crown rent, could be regularly balanced?

I

got

A. Of course.

Q-Bring out a balance of the lists to see whether any defalcations had occurred?

A. Yes.

Q.--Would that be incompatible with the staff you have?

Q.-The staff has been cut down. At the end of last year, only a few months ago, rid of three of the oldest hands in the Treasury. While this extra work is on I have had to engage two extra men. I have shown a good saving in the Treasury--a saving of $5,000 at present.

Q.-To carry out these checks, this balancing of the different lists, would it be necessary to have an increased staff?

A.--I should like to think over that, and see what the amount of work really was. The Chairman.-This is what we propose. That the Rent Roll should be very much simplified. All you want is a column with the name and the Lot, another for the amount to be received, a column for the date of payment and another for the amount received. You would not want anything for arrears or anything of that kind. At the end of the third month after the amount became due a notice might be inserted in the Gazette calling upon debtors to pay up their Crown rent. At the end of the fourth month another notice stating that if the Crown rent in arrear is not paid up within one month the bills will be handed over to the Crown Solicitor. At the end of the fifth month you would be able to say very nearly what the total amount of arrears was and at the end of the sixth month the book ought to be closed. You would say We ought to have received so much, we have received so much, the difference is accounted for by so-and-so not having paid." The list of arrears would be sent to the Crown Solicitor, the book would be closed and a new one opened. Then there would be no complications of arrears at all. It would not take a clerk very long to do that. There are a great many columns that he ought to add up every day.

(C

A.-There is no intention that with the new staff there shall be any delay. The books can be balanced within reasonable time.

Q.—In the same way with the licences, a book should be kept of all licences issued with the date of payment and balanced.

A.--Yes.

Q.-Did Mr. Carvalho ever say anything to you about Mr. Lister's order directing that receipts should be signed by the clerks in charge instead of being signed by Mr. Carvalho or the Treasurer?

A.-Mr. Lister's instructions were submitted to me within three or four days of my entering the Treasury and I directed that no change should be made, at any rate for the present.

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Q.--Did Mr. Carvalho give you any reason for submitting it? Did he suggest any change?

A.-I cannot remember that he did so.

-Did he say anything to you? Did he ask you to change it, or did he merely submit this order and ask you whether it was to be acted on? Because we understood Mr. Carvalho to say that he disapproved of it and we thought perhaps that he might have submitted the question to you?

A.--I think it exceedingly unlikely. I cannot absolutely say what the conversa- tion was.

I consider it practically impossible that he should have said so to me because I was practically in his hands and I should certainly not have opposed him without good reason.

Q.--I see you have noted in the margin "System inaugurated by Mr. Lister to be continued for the present

A. Yes.

"}

Q.-That does not bring anything to your memory?

A.—No, it does not recall anything very clear. That was on January 3rd and I entered the Treasury on the 1st.

Q.-Have you made any change since about the signing of receipts?

A.-At present

I am signing practically everything in the Department.

Q.--Do you propose that that should continue?

A. Yes, I think if possible. It is only a question of convenience to the public. I think it preferable that it should be continued if it can but it seems to me to be necessary that the chief clerk should also have the power of signing in the absence of the Treasurer. I am up at the Legislative Council for two hours sometimes and receipts would be kept waiting, which leads to dissatisfaction.

Mr. Thurburn. In any case it would be a different man who signed to the one who makes out the receipt. You would alter that system?

A. The receipt now passes through a number of hands before reaching me. In addition to the shroff the clerk in charge initials the receipt and then they come to me to sign. The cashier would be the only man to whom my powers would be deputed.

Q.-Originally it was Alves who made out the receipt and the chief clerk signed it. That was altered by Mr. Lister, and now you have gone back to the old system?

A.- Practically, yes.

The Chairman.-You took over the charge of the Treasury on January 1st, 1891 ?

A. Yes.

-Did you look at the book of 1890 to see whether it had been balanced? A.-No, I cannot remember looking at the previous books.

Q.-Did Mr. Nicolle ever ask you to have the Rent Roll for 1890 balanced ?

A. Yes, he did.

Q. Can you tell us about what time ?

A.-No, I cannot. I have not any idea but I am satisfied that he did ask me sometime, I think, in 1891.

-What did you do in consequence of that request?

A.-I told Alves that his book was required to be balanced, and he pleaded stress of work.

*

+

( 53 )

*Q.-Did you speak to him more than once?

A.-I can only remember speaking once. I spoke to him so often about getting in arrears and different things of that sort that it is difficult to remember whether I alluded to that particular subject more than once..

Q.-As you relied upon the audit for checking your receipts did you not consider that the balancing of this book was important to enable the auditor to check the receipts and payments ?

A.--I am afraid I left that to the Auditor.

Q.--Did you consider it was very important that these books should be balanced?

A.--No, I cannot say that at the time I appreciated the full importance, because I did not know he' was in the habit of receiving money and I looked upon it simply as a clerical arrear, and as the man was really hard worked and a very willing worker I practically left it to him to get it up as soon as he could. I did not insist upon its being done immediately.

Mr. Bird.—The Auditor did not explain to you the importance of having it done? A.--I have no recollection that he did. I think the Auditor will acknowledge that I have carried out everything that he has suggested unless it was a question of principle that I did not approve of. I think he would be the first to acknowledge that I endeavoured to carry out everything that was brought to me and which was necessary for him to carry out his work.

Q.-You said in your evidence that you did not know that the arrears were really dangerous. How could you get at the arrears unless this book was made up?

A.-I meant by arrears the arrears of work not arrears of money.

I meant to say that the arrears in the making up of his book were not dangerous. I looked upon the arrears as simply clerical arrears.

Q.--You said you looked upon Mr. Carvalho as having some supervision over the office staff. Why did you say that?

+

A.-Because he was a man who had been first clerk for a very long time and I take it as natural that the first clerk should have the supervision.

Q. Are there any instructions, or was he ever told that any supervision was required from him over the office?

A.—I don't know of any such instructions.

.-Was it ever laid down?

A.-Leannot find any division of work laid down anywhere.

Q.-Then why did you regard him as having some supervision if it was never laid down that he had supervision?

'A.-It is possible that he did not regard it as his duty but he was practically Treasurer for many years and he has drawn great attention to his importance, and the importance of his work, and I should have thought that when a new Treasurer came in it was his business if it was anybody's business to look after the staff and help the Treasurer.

Q.-I take it you did not look back to those Rent Rolls and see what the arrears really were?

A.-No, it was only gradually that I mastered the different items in the Treasury, it being entirely new work to me.

Q.-Could the shroff speak English ?

A.-Which shroff?

Q.-The man who received Crown Rent.

A.-I believe he could say a few words. I spoke to him in Chinese.

( 54 )

Q.-Did

you ever look into this Rent Roll book to see what amount of work was required to balance it ?

A.--No, I did not, to the best of my knowledge. Probably I had it pointed out to me when I spoke to Alves but I did not take any means to see whether his state-

ment was correct or not.

-You did not look to see whether it could be added up in a long time or a short time?

A. I cannot remember doing so. On the face of it it must be a long job. It has just taken three weeks to do.

Q.-Mr. Bird and Mr. Thurburn who are au fait on these matters are of opinion that it would not take a long time.

A. Mr. Nicolle and an ordinary Portuguese clerk took three weeks to do it and they did nothing else, and I believe Mr. Nicolle is pretty quick at this sort of thing.

Q.-Some of the columns ought to be added up during the course of the year so that at the end of the six months all that has to be added up is the amount received.

Mr. Bird.-A lot of the work should be done as they go along.

A.-I think it might. I must say in the man's defence that he worked very hard; he was far the best worker in the Treasury, and he often worked over hours.

The Chairman.-Was that not a reason why you should have given him some extra assistance ?

A.-I have called attention several times in my report to the fact that he was overworked. My reports will show that I have asked for extra assistance.

Mr. Thurburn.-When we said that the books would not take a long time we did so on the supposition that the book was kept up.

A. In former years he has generally been allowed 18 months to make it up.

The Chairman.-With regard to the taxes. regard to the taxes.

office except this "Valuation book "?

Have you any other book in the

A.-There is the day book.

Q.-Are the columns added

up

?

A. They ought to be. These for 1890 and 1891 are by Mr. Madar.

Q.-Is Mr. Madar in the office now?

A.-No, he has left.

Q.-As long as this book was not added up what check had you that all the amounts which appear here as collected have been paid into the Treasury?

MALI..

A. They would go by the day book, I suppose, unless the totals were brought in. Mr. Thurburn.—Is there any possibility of there being defalcations in this book? A.-The Auditor was much dissatisfied with this system and I urged Mr. Madar to alter it but as he was one of the old stereotyped men he only changed it to a certain extent. It was only when I got a new man that the auditor's suggestions were carried out as he wished, and the books kept to the satisfaction of the Auditor.

The Chairman.-What we want to know now is, can there have been any defalca- tions in the taxes?

A.—I don't think there have. The Auditor has made it his duty to go through the taxes with a view to ascertain if there are any, but he says that the amounts in the ledger practically tally with the valuation table and he cannot see where there can be any defalcations.

1

( 55 )

Mr. Thurburn.-Has he done that for two or three

years?

A.-I believe he has, but I could not say for which years.

The Chairman.-There do not appear to be any arrears of taxes ?

Q.-No, the book does not show any arrears. The book is not closed until the arrears are paid; therefore the book remains sometimes for a year and a half.

Q.-Had Alves anything else to receive except Crown Rent?

A. No receipts, but a lot of other work.

Q. How long do you think the Treasury ought to be open and the shroff in attendance for receiving money from the public?

A.-I should think the Treasury ought to be open much the same as Banks are.

Q-From 10 to 3?

A. Yes, I should think that would do very well. It is practically open until 4 o'clock now.

Q.-The shroff would have to be in attendance the whole of that time?

A. He is there from 10 to 4.

Q.

Does he go to the Bank?

A. Yes one goes to the Bank.

Q.-

-Do you know whether it was the shroff who was in charge of the Crown Rent who went to the Bank?

A. Yes, it was; he goes with a constable.

Q.—I suppose he would be some time at the Bank?

A. He might be an hour or an hour and a half. Q.-Who would receive the money in his absence? A.-Probably the head shroff would receive it.

Q.-We think the shroff who is in charge of the Crown Rent should not go away, that he should be there from 10 to 3. Could that be managed?

A.--Yes.

Q.-If we recommend that all monies should be received only by the shroff care should be taken that the shroff is always there to receive money.

A.--If Crown Rents were paid during the absence of the second shroff the receipt would not be granted then and there but would wait until he caine back, when the money would be handed to him.'

Q.-But then it goes into the hands of another officer and you have no check? A. The second shroff for his own protection won't put his chop on the receipt unless he gets the money.

Q.-Mr. Carvalho said that Mr. Nicolle and you had abolished what was called a Telling Cash Book?

A.-The tellers book.

Q.-What was that?

A.--I should like to look at it.

Q.-Have you now any book which shows your position at the Bank, which shows at any moment what balance you have?

A.--We can always tell that by the Bank Book which is balanced every week.

:

:

( 56 )

Q.--Don't you keep a book in the Treasury?

A--We have a book which shows every cheque that passes out of our hands and the bank account which is sent to the Colonial Secretary's Office every week.

Mr. Bird.-Showing every payment made into the Bank ?

A.-Every day we get a receipt from the Bank.

The Chairman.--Don't you enter that in a book?

A.-It would not go into a book specially kept for the Bank, but into our ordinary cash book.

Q.--In the ordinary book is there not an account with the Bank?

A.-There is one in contemplation.

Mr. Bird.--Sometimes, Mr. Carvalho told us, the Treasurer's private cheques got mixed up with the Treasury account?

A.-It may have done so prior to my time. We can practically at any time tell what our balance at the Bank is.

Q.-What from ?

A. From the entries in the Cash Book and entries in the cheque book.

Q.-You take the Bank's account to be correct?

A. Yes, I can. If I could look at the books I would show you how it is done. Mr. Thurburn. Our idea was that the Bank might put in amounts that were not

correct.

Mr. Bird.-Banks are not infallible.

A. R. Madar called.

The Chairman.-What is your name?

Witness.-A. R. Madar.

Q.--You have taken your pension?

A. No, I have not.

-Are you still in the Treasury?

A.-I am in the Registrar General's Department.

Q.-You have been transferred from the Treasury?

A. Yes.

Q. How long were you in the Treasury?

A.--Twenty-five years.

Q.-Were you in charge of the collection of taxes?

A.-I was.

Is this the book you kept? (produced).

A. Yes. (Witness looks at, and identifies the valuation book for 1890 and 1891).

Q.-Did you fill up these columns ?

A. Yes, for the first quarter.

Q. Where were you in 1891?

A. I was in the Treasury.

1

1

( 57 )

Q.

-Who filled up the other figures then?

A.-A Chinese clerk.

Q.--When did you fill up these figures? at the end of the year or at the end of the quarter?

A. Almost every day.

Mr. Thurburn.--As they were paid?

A. Yes.

The Chairman.--Why were these columns never added up?

A.-Because they were not completed.

Q.--It is completed now?

A. Yes.

Q.-Had you any other book showing the receipt of taxes except this?

A. Yes, a daily collection book.

Q.--Who kept that book?

A.-I did.

Q.-Who received the money ?

A. The shroff.

Q.-Who made out the receipts?

A.—I did.

Q. How could you make out the receipts if the shroff received the

A.--The receipt is made out beforehand.

Q.-They are all prepared beforehand?

A. Yes.

-And signed by you?

A. Signed by me when the money is received.

money

?

Q.-When you received money you entered it in the daily collection book?

A.--Yes.

Q.-And then you entered it in the valuation book?

A.--Yes, I posted it up.

Q.-When did you add up the valuation book?

A. When all the collections had been made.

Q. When would that be? How long after the close of the year would the book be added up?

first.

A.-Sometimes it took a year or a year and a half; you must get all the collections

Q.-Only when every cent is paid?

A. Yes.

Q.-Have you ever added up one of these books?

A. -Yes.

Q.--

--How long did it take you?

A.-About three weeks.

( 58 )

Mr. Thurburn.--Was a book like that kept all the time you were in the Treasury?

A.-All the time.

Q.--Did Mr. Nicolle make any alteration in it?

A. Not to my knowledge.

Q. When did you leave?

A.-In March, 1892.

Mr. Thurburn.-Did you ever take a balance out?

A. Yes.

Q. How often?

A.

Sometimes once a year, sometimes twice a year.

Q.-You balanced it?

A. Yes, in order to know what balance to carry forward for the next year. Q.-The total amount you ought to have received and the amount of arrears should balance with the amount of cash you actually did receive?

A. Yes.

Q.-That balance was taken out more than once a year?

A. Yes.

Mr. Bird.-How did you do that if the columns were not added up?

A.--We knew from the valuation table what we ought to receive and then we went to the ledger and saw what had been received.

The Chairman.-Do you say that when all the arrears were entered the book was balanced?

A. Yes, it was bound to balance.

Q. It was added up?

A. Yes.

Q. You have a lot of trouble to get the taxes in?

A. Yes, in fact we had to trouble the Crown Solicitor every quarter to assist us.

Q. Did you ever receive any money sent direct to you?

A.- No.

Q.-All money came to the shroff?

A. Sometimes a cheque was addressed to the Treasurer.

Q.-Then whom did the cheques go to ?

A. Sometimes they came to me to check with the book and if it agreed I should of course hand the cheque to the shroff. He keeps it until the account closes at 2.30 p.m. for the day and then he hands it to Mr. Carvalho, the cashier.

Q.--And you say all the books prior to 1890 have been added up?

A. Yes.

ledger ?

-Do you know whether they have been compared with the amounts in the

A. Yes.

The Commission then adjourned until Saturday, March 18th, at 11 o'clock in the

forenoon.

ซี

( 59 )

SIXTH MEETING.

March 18th, 1893.

Present: Mr. E. J. ACKROYD, Chairman.

Mr. J. THURBURN.

Mr. S. G. BIRD.

Mr. F. J. BADELEY, Secretary.

Mr. Bruce Shepherd, called.

The Chairman.-What is your name?

Witness.-Bruce Shepherd.

Q.-You are acting Land Officer ?

A. Yes.

Q. Since when have you been connected with the Land Office here?

A. Since December, 1882.

Q. It is the duty of the Land Office to send to the Treasury twice every year the Rent Roll of the Colony?

A. Yes.

Q.-As a rule when do you send it ?

A. Within two months. The Rent Roll is made up immediately after Christmas. It was to be copied and as a general rule it takes about two months to deliver the Rent Roll.

Q.-Before you send the Rent Roll itself do you give the Treasury any note of the changes that have been made?

A.--Notifications of changes are continually being sent in to the Treasurer; when- ever there is a change which has to be acted upon during the half year. At the end if there is any difficulty in getting the Rent Roll copied so that it should occupy more than two months I have sent a supplementary Rent Roll.

Mr. Thurburn.-The Rent Roll you send in say, in February, are those rents due next June?

A. They are rents payable for the coming half year.

Q.-On June 25th ?

A.--Yes.

Q.-From December 25th ?

A. Yes, to June 24th.

The Chairman.-Then a few days after the termination of the six months the Treasurer is in receipt of all information necessary to make up their Rent Roll?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you think your Rent Roll has ever been so much as six months in arrear? A.-No, never the Christmas Rent Roll, but on one or two occasions perhaps the June Rent Roll has been. It was suggested that it was not wanted because they had the supplementary Rent Roll. There are only two instances, I think, in connection

( 60 )

with the Midsummer Rent Roll. The Christmas Rent Roll is delivered as speedily as possible. It takes two days to make up the supplementary Rent Roll. We practically have to make two copies and check them with the books, and that occupies the rest of the time. There are nearly 300 pages to copy.

Q.-Is it correct to say that Alves could not make up his books because he was waiting for your Rent Roll or information from you?

A.-It is certainly incorrect because he never asked for information and has always been able to get it at a moment's notice no matter what it has been.

Q-We are anxious to have this Rent Roll sent in to the Treasurer as soon as possible in order that he may make his book out definitely and close it as soon as he How soon after December 25th and June 25th do you think you can send in your book supposing that you have extra help?

can.

A. If it is made up to date it could be done with extra help within three weeks. But I should say it could be delivered on the day itself because there would be very little else to add during two months.

Mr. Bird.—But it would not be absolutely correct?

A. It would be correct with the supplementary list of any sales that have taken place during the two months. The changes are very few in two months, six sales extra would cover it.

Q.-I should think if the book was delivered correct within three weeks it would be sufficient?

A. Yes.

Q. They could still go on collecting rent from the old book during those three weeks, and in order to do that you will only want extra assistance. You have only one Chinese clerk ?

A. Yes.

The Chairman. And he can only copy out the Rent Roll in his spare moments ? A. Yes, he has to attend to people searching and they occupy a lot of his time. With regard to delivering the Rent Roll they told me at the Treasury that they wanted the Rent P March, and they said that they never wanted it before the end of February. I take it that as they get information of the changes from day to day they could always make up their Rent Roll as quickly as I could, and practically they only want it as a check.

Q.-It has never been as much as six months in arrear?

A.--No, I have never been asked for it.

Q.-Were any complaints ever made to you?

A. No, never.

Q.-About the taxes, you give them notice also of the collection of taxes?

A.-I used to for several years. I made returns once a week, or fortnight, or once a month, but I found it was not used for the purpose I intended and I discon- tinued it.

H. C. Nicolle re-called.

The Chairman.-We wish to examine you about these arrears; the first thing we have to enquire into is the amount of the defalcations. I have got from Mr. Bruce Shepherd a correct list within $1,000 or $2,000 or the amounts that ought to be received for a number of years. I would suggest that we start with December 31st, 1887, when you have as arrears $84,192. Then you would add the years 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, and the first half of 1892.

A. No, both half halves of 1892.

1

4.

(61)

-That would make $1,012,210.46 which ought to have been received. Deduct from that the actual sums received which we make to be $873,888.29, which, less arrears $83,639.93, leaves $54,682.24.

A.—I should like to correct my statement about the deficiency. I stated the deficiency for the years 1890, 1891, and 1892 as being $31,000 odd. It ought to be $33,337.67. There is a further point to consider. In the papers of the Land Officer I do not expect the corrections for the Christmas half year 1892 have been made in the 1892 Rent Roll. They have not got the Christmas Rent Roll in the Treasury yet and there may be certain adjustments to make. It would be impossible therefore yet to give the exact amount of the deficiency.

Q.-You can tell it approximately?

A. Yes.

Mr. Bird. You have not got the Rent Roll yet from Mr. Bruce Shepherd?

A.-No.

Q.-This is March, he said it was always sent in in February.

A.-Alves always used to enter up the Rent Roll when he received it. I think I saw one yesterday, a Midsummer Rent Roll.

The Chairman.--He spoke of the June Rent Roll being sometimes in arrear.

A.-I think I may say I am certain the Christmas Rent Roll has not been received until April.

Q.-About the taxes (Valuation book produced). Do you propose to make any change in this book?

you

It is true at the end had been collected. If you had taken

A.--No. I said this book as it stood could not be balanced. there was a piece of paper showing the totals of the money that But that was perfectly valueless because you could not check it. every counterfoil could have checked it but you could not trace that the money had actually reached the Treasury because the collections were all lumped together in one book every year.

You had no distinction between arrears and what had been collected for the current year, and so the Treasury books only show the lump sum on account of taxes. Sometimes I pointed this out and the Treasurer said the amendment would be made. I asked that each year should be shown separate. Then you take the collection book, compare that with the amount received by the cashier and you make a balance. Madar who kept this book did not appear quite to understand what was wanted. He started what he thought. I wanted to be done, showing the distinction of years and quarters but that was just as difficult because you had to go through the book and pick out the items. Now they have introduced what I wanted and have a book in which they show the collections of every quarter separately, and show separately what is paid into the Treasury. You can now get the amount lodged in the Treasury from the cash book; you come to this book and take the counterfoils and you look to see if the counterfoil is initialled. If you have both receipt and counterfoil presumably the amount has not been paid.

-You add them up and get the amount of arrears?

A. Yes. In addition to this I have also suggested, and I believe it is being done, a revenue file for the taxes of each separate year. The lists sent from the assessor and interim valuations should be filed in that file. Your file would represent anything that has been done with regard to taxes.

Mr. Thurburn. Would you have that book balanced every quarter?

A. No, you could not do that every quarter.

( 62 )

:

Q.--Added up?

A.--You could not add it up, and you would not add it up until everything is

collected.

Q. It would not take long to make out a balance ?

A.--You take the counterfoils and receipts and extract the receipts not issued, add them up and they ought to represent the exact amount on the revenue file. There would be no need to add this book up.

Q.--You think a quarterly balance of that description should be taken out?

A. Yes.

Q.-Mr. Madar said the book was always balanced.

He used to wait until every

A. He called it balancing to add up the totals. thing was collected and then paste on sheets of paper at the end.

Mr. Bird.---When did you suggest your alterations ?

A. Some considerable time ago, with regard to keeping the years separate.

The Chairman.-How long do you think it would take to compare from day to day the counterfoils with the Rent Roll?

A. I should think half an hour's work in the morning would do it easily-some- times much less. It would never be very heavy work; the Crown Rent at any rate would not be arduous; the taxes take much longer.

Q.-The thing is to have a check by the Treasurer himself?

A. Yes.

Q.-Do you think they want an extra man for the purpose of carrying on this daily check ?

A.--I don't think they could do it with the staff at present engaged.

Q. Do you suppose there are any further defalcations?

A. I do not think there are.

Mr. Thurburn. Do you think the licences ought to be balanced?

A. Well, as Auditor I am satisfied with my check.

The Chairman.--Do you consider yourself responsible for the books of 1890 ?

A.--How do you mean responsible.

Q.--For auditing?

A.-Yes.

Q.-You asked the Treasurer for the books of 1890 sometime in 1891, can you exactly remember when?

A.-No.

Q. And you never got them balanced?

A. No.

A.--And consequently you could not audit them as they should have been done?

A.-No.

Q.-And you did not consider your duty extended beyond 1890 ?

A.-No.

M

( 63 )

Mr. Thurburn.--With regard to the other departments-take the Post Office--I suppose it is the Treasurer's duty to see that they have proper checks ?

A.-- Yes.

Q. It would be impossible for the Treasurer to see that every detail was correct, but they could see that a proper system was in force ?

A.--Yes.

The Chairman.--Since the last meeting have you had any reason to change your opinion as to how these frauds were perpetrated?

A.-No.

Q.--That is that Alves gave false receipts to the shroff, or no receipts at all and put the whole amount paid into his pocket?.

A. Yes. In some cases he gave a false receipt to the shroff and in other cases he forged the receipt. He gave the shroff a receipt and when it was returned destroyed it and made out another. There was a case mentioned in court the other day in which he had, after receiving the receipt from the shroff, with the chop upon it, put a figure over the symbol for "$"-in the case I mention the figure "9" which made the receipt $900 more than the receipt chopped by the shroff.

This concluded the evidence adduced before the Commission.

!

245

No. 17

93

HONGKONG.

COLONIAL VETERINARY SURGEON'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1892.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 25th May, 1893.

SANITARY BOARD ROOM, HONGKONG, March 30th, 1893.

SIR, I have the honour to submit for the information of the Sanitary Board my Annual Report for the past year which also includes that for the last quarter of 1892.

The Secretary,

SANITARY BOARD.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient Servant,

C. VIVIAN LADDS, Colonial Veterinary Surgeon.

REPORT.

INSPECTION OF CATTLE.

I am pleased to be able to report that, with the exception of an outbreak at Kowloon, no serious cases of infectious or contagious disease amongst cattle have been brought to my notice during the past year. On March 28th, five animals were taken by their owners to the Yaumati Police Station to report arrival in the Colony in the usual manner and as they all showed signs of sickness they were I found the whole of the five animals detained by the Inspector, who at once communicated with me.

to be suffering from Rinderpest or Cattle Plague and reported to that effect to the Sanitary Board who met that day and ordered the immediate destruction and burial of the diseased animals, and proclaimed Kowloon an infected area. This prompt measure put a stop to the importation of any more cattle for the time being; the diseased animals were slaughtered and buried under strict sanitary precautions and as no fresh cases occurred, the peninsula was declared free again on April 7th.

2. On February 7th, two men were convicted at the Police Court, upon the evidence of Police Inspector HANSON, with having forged the official mark which is placed upon all cattle before they are permitted to enter the slaughter-house. Several convictions have also been obtained upon my evidence against persons at Kowloon for slaughtering animals known to be diseased. The owners of these animals knowing that it would be impossible to escape detection at Hongkong had driven them from across the border direct to the slaughter-house at Yaumati, but thanks to the Police they were discovered. Since these cases the new slaughter-house at Hung Hom has been opened, with a watchman in charge whose duty it is to refuse admission to any cattle not bearing the official mark. Amongst the sheep and swine no cases of infectious or contagious disease have occurred although on June 13th the lessee of a roast-pig shop was charged by the Police with unlawfully having in his possession a diseased pig. After making a post mortem examination I found, however, that the charge was not sustained and the case was, therefore, dismissed by the Magistrate.

CATTLE DEPÔTS.

3. The new wing of the Government Cattle Depôt at Kennedy Town was handed over by the Public Works to this Department on June 21st. It is a substantial building and affords space for 120 additional animals; the depôt providing in all for the accommodation of 480 head of cattle.

4. A new fodder shed has also been erected. The opening of the new wing allowed of the closing of the Cheong Hing Cattle Depôt; a small private place which had long been a nuisance to the inhabitants of the district immediately surrounding it. During the past year, 16,403 head of cattle have been housed in the Government Depôt and passed as fit to be slaughtered for human food, whilst 1,499 were rejected as unfit. On July 8th, I forwarded to the Board a special report upon the proposed sheep and swine depôts at Kennedy Town; it remains only for me to add that these premises when completed will supply a long-felt and much needed want in the Colony, the condition of the present depôts leaving much to be desired both from a sanitary and humane point of view.

246

SLAUGHTER HOUSES.

5. Victoria. Since June last an extra watchman has been stationed here, making three in all. By this addition I have been able to arrange for each of these men to have 8 hours continuous duty daily instead of 12 as before which was much too long. I have already specially reported to the Board upon the proposed new slaughter house at Kennedy Town, (see Report dated July 8th) and I hope before long to see the buildings in hand, the present premises being very cramped and inconvenient in every respect.

6. Hung Hom.--A new slaughter house for the peninsula of Kowloon has been erected at the above village, in place of the old one at Yaumati. It was completed and handed over to the Sanitary Depart- ment in July and so far meets all requirements. It is situated on the sea front within about a quarter of a mile of the western entrance to Hung Hom village and comprises cattle, sheep and swine lairs, attached to which under the same roof are the slaughter houses; all openings between the two being commanded by solid doors. A separate slaughter house for the use of Indians has been also provided. The tripery, cook house, quarters, office, manure pit and latrine appear to be all that is necessary and furnish reasonable accommodation. In the lairs provision is made for from 16 to 20 head of cattle, 15 sheep or goats, and about 60 pigs. The floor area of the cattle and sheep slaughter house is 750 square feet providing for the slaughtering of five bullocks at once. A boiler is conveniently situated in one corner of the building. The floor area of the pig slaughter house is 750 square feet providing for the slaughtering of 30 pigs at once. Three boilers are placed in this building for the purpose of heating water to be used in dressing the carcasses. The floor area of the Indian slaughter house is 170 square feet. It is fitted with one boiler, has a separate entrance, and appears to meet all requirements. The water supply is obtained from a well which is situated a short distance outside the compound. An Indian watchman is stationed here. The hours fixed for slaughtering are 1 A.M. to 6 A.M., 11 a.m. to noon, 2.30 P.M. to 5 P.M. daily.

-

7. Shaukiwan.-No proper slaughter house has yet been erected in this village, but I hope in course of time to see this done.

The total number of animals slaughtered in the three buildings during the past year is as follows:-

Cattle.

Victoria, ......15,732

Hung Hom, Shaukiwan,

...

...

2,208 240

Sheep. 10,750

...

Goats.

821

...

Swine.

114,402

7,254

5,110

126,766

Total, ...18,180

10,750

821

8. These figures show a steady increase in the consumption of animal food year by year, in the number of swine especially. For 1892 an increase of 3.11 per cent. upon the previous year is shown, this fact pointing to a very considerable addition to the native population during that period. Since the year 1888 the number of swine slaughtered annually at the City Slaughter House alone show an increase of 20 per cent. with other animals in like proportion.

DAIRIES.

9. The dairies of the Colony are at present in a very satisfactory condition, the sanitary arrangements of which are carefully carried out under the supervision of the Sanitary Inspectors stationed in the various Health Districts. During the past year no serious cases of disease have occurred in any of these places, and this can only be viewed as being highly satisfactory, more especially when it is well known that Rinderpest or Cattle Plague has been unusually prevalent during this period the whole of the way up the coast or say from Canton to Japan.

10. I believe I am correct in stating that at Kobe the supply of milk was cut off entirely owing to the ravages of this disease amongst the cows. There is nothing to prevent a similar outbreak in Hongkong sooner or later unless something is done to provide a proper Inspection Lair to which all cattle should be driven direct upon landing, there to remain at least 12 hours before being inspected and passed into the permanent depôts or elsewhere. This is the method adopted in the United Kingdom and other countries and even then occasional cases of disease escape detection and so cause wide spreading outbreaks which are difficult to check: hence it will be easy to understand the risk run here with no inspection lairs at all. I reported to the Board upon the danger thus incurred as far back as 1888.

MARKETS.

11. The Central, Western, Taipingshan, Saiyingpoon, Shektongsui, Wanchai, Sokonpoo, Shaukiwan, Yaumati and Hung Hom Markets are all in a good state of repair and amendment; most of the stalls in each (with the exception of Taipingshan) are let, and the general routine work has gone on without interruption. The watchmen from the Central and Western Markets were withdrawn in the month of June, and transferred to the City Slaughter House where it was considered that their services would be more useful.

247

12. During the year 280 convictions were obtained at the Police Court for offences against the Markets Ordinance.

13. These figures as compared with 307 for the previous year show a small decrease.

REMARKS ON RABIES.

14. During the past year a good many cases of mad dogs were reported to me by the Police and each case was carefully investigated. I found that eight of these were undoubtedly true cases of Rabies, one of the animals affected being a native dog of my own. It is a general opinion that to be bitten by a rabid dog means sooner or later a certain death by hydrophobia, but my experience leads me to believe that such is not the case; many bites being disarmed so to speak by their having been through clothing, thus preventing the virus from reaching the wound itself; and I have even known several instances where persons have been bitten upon the bare skin by rabid dogs and no ill effects have resulted. The Police have done much during the last few months to check the spread of rabies by killing off many of the mangy useless curs which until then infested every street of the city. There has been some mention of a system of registration for dogs, but this I am afraid would not answer very well, nor should I recommend it both on account of the cost of carrying it out and the difficulty attending it. Strict attention should be given to the kind of collar which is worn by the dog, (see Section 4 of Ordinance 14 of 1845 providing for this).

15. I have noticed several of late which were simply strips of leather tied round the animal's neck. It is a simple matter to get a properly inscribed plate placed upon a collar and I think that nothing less should be considered to meet the requirements of this Section of the Ordinance as laid down. The cost of a name plate bearing the owner's name and address in English would be but small, considerably less than a registration fee or dog tax; and in my opinion equally as effective if not

more so.

STAFF.

16. Assistant Inspector of Markets. --After a protracted illness extending from October 3rd, 1891, it was decided by the Medical Authorities that Inspector RAE was unfit for further service in the Colony, and he was therefore placed upon the retired list on October 15th, 1892, but I regret very much that he was not allowed to long enjoy his well-earned pension his death occurring at the Civil Hospital about three months later. He was a good and efficient officer and his long knowledge of the Chinese rendered him particularly well suited for the post which he filled.

17. Inspector FISHER who had held the Acting Office was permanently appointed on November 14th. I am pleased to say that he has proved himself a trustworthy and energetic officer and so far has performed his duties entirely to my satisfaction.

18. Interpreter.—Since the appointment upon April 1st of my interpreter I have been able to communicate my views with much greater facility to the natives with whom I am brought in contact than before, and I find him of great assistance in many ways.

19. Watchmen. During the year J. NORONHA absconded, MAHOMET ALI and SEETHA RAM were dismissed. A. B. SOUZA and CHUNAM SHAH being appointed.

20. Market Scavengers.-One head coolie died, two resigned, and one was dismissed, their places being filled by four others.

C. VIVIAN LADDS, Colonial Veterinary Surgeon.

Hongkong, March 30th, 1892.

145

No. 10

93

HONGKONG.

REPORT ON THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' FUND FOR THE SECOND HALF-YEAR OF 1892,

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 5th April, 1893,

HONGKONG, 18th March, 1893.

SIR,--We have the honour to submit the following report on the Widows' and Orphans' Fund for the period from 1st July to 31st December, 1892.

A Statement of Accounts of the Fund to 31st December, 1892, is appended.

On 31st December, 1892, the Funds were disposed of as follows :--

On Current Account, Hongkong & Shanghai Bank,

>>

Fixed Deposit

""

Total,...

""

$ 985.22 7,584.15

$8,569.37

The monthly contributions amount now to about $460.

During the period under review 5 Contributors left the service.

There are at present on the books 98 Compulsory Contributors and 1 Voluntary Contributor. Of these 99 Contributors, 26 are bachelors, 67 are married men, and 6 widowers. There are 183 children on the books.

The average age of the three classes of Contributors (as far as it has been possible to calculate it) is as follows:-

Bachelors,..... Married men, Widowers,

..29 years.

.....A fraction under 36 years.

..46 years and 3 months.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servants,

N. G. MITCHELL-INNES, Chairman.

G. STAFFORD NORTHCOTE.

A. W. BREWIN.

F. MACHADO.

J. G. DA ROCHA.

The Honourable G. T. M. O'BRIEN, C.M.G.,

Colonial Secretary, &c., &c., &c.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT OF THE WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' FUND

FROM JULY, 1891, тo 31ST DECEMBER, 1892.

July to December, 1891,

January to June, 1892,......

July to December, 1892,

RECEIPTS.

EXPENDITURE.

BALANCE.

843.96

843.96

3,901.37

* 4,445.50

57.86

3,843.51

563.60

3,881.90

.$

9,190.83

† 621.46

8,569.37

TOTAL,...........

* Interest not included, ($227.76.)

† Refunds of amounts erroneously levied,..

Working Expenses,

.$ 400.56

220.90

$ 621.46

519

No. 29

93

HONGKONG.

DESPATCH FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATE TRANSMITTING COPY OF A NOTE FROM THE CHINESE MINISTER WITH REFERENCE TO

THE YELLOW RIVER INUNDATION IN 1887.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 29th August, 1893.

HONGKONG, No. 97.

DOWNING STREET,

9th June, 1893.

SIR,

I have the honour to transmit to you, for your information, the document noted below relative to the Yellow River inundation in 1887, which has been received from the Foreign Office.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient humble Servant,

The Officer administering the Government of

HONGKONG.

Date.

Copy.

The

2nd June.......

R. H. MEADE,

for the Secretary of State.

Description of Document.

Copy of a note from the Chinese Minister to the Foreign Office.

CHINESE LEGATION,

June 2nd, 1893.

MY LORD,

In 1887 when, by the inundation caused by the bursting of the banks of the Yellow River, a very large tract of country was devastated and many tens of thousands of the Chinese people were reduced to the direst distress, Sir W. DES Vœux, the late Governor of Hongkong, raised a large fund for the relief of the sufferers.

The Viceroy of the Leang Kiang province, in whose Government the floods principally occurred acknowledged the service the Governor had thereby rendered to China, at the time, but until lately when I brought the circumstance to the notice of the Emperor, His Majesty had not, owing to the subsequent illness and death of the Viceroy, been made acquainted of it, and thus it happens that up to the present no official recognition of His Excellency's philanthropic action has been accorded.

It is now my pleasant duty to repair the omission. The Emperor, my August Master, was profoundly touched with the signal exemplification afforded by the sympathetic conduct of the Hongkong community of the Confucian maxim which asserts the common brotherhood of all manner of men living without the bounds of the four seas; and has commanded me to convey to Sir W. DES VEUX, and through him, to those who, whether by their co-operation or their subscriptions, so nobly seconded him in his benevolent and successful exertions, the expression of His Majesty's heartfelt thanks for the timely assistance they rendered to His then sorely and calamity stricken people.

I have the honour to request that Your Lordship will have the goodness to cause these acknowledgments from my Imperial and August Master to be transmitted to Sir W. DES Vœux and, in order that they may reach the Hongkong Community, to His Excellency the present Governor of the Colony.

EARL OF ROSEBERY, K.G.,

&e.

&c.,

;

&c.

I have, etc.

:

(Signed)

SIEH.


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