醫務衛生署年報 Medical and Health Department Annual Report 1955-1956

Director of Medical

and Health Services

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HONG KONG

ANNUAL DEPARTMENTAL REPORT

BY THE

DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL

AND HEALTH SERVICES

FOR THE

FINANCIAL YEAR 1955 - 56

୮

BRARY

.nE ROYAL SOCIETY OF HEALTH LIBRARY

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY W. F. C. JENNER. GOVERNMENT PRINTER,

AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS,

JAVA ROAD. HONG KONG.

WELLCO

NATITUTE

Coll!

Cail! Ann

No. WE

SHG

1756

CONTENTS

I. GENERAL

Introductory Remarks

General Notes on the Health of the

Colony

Natural Increase of Population

General Environmental Conditions of

Health

Legislation

Expenditure

II. ORGANIZATION AND ESTABLISHMENT

General

Health Division

Medical Division

Establishment

Professional Registers

III. THE HEALTH DIVISION

I · r

Hygiene and Sanitation

Urban Areas

Rural Areas

Epidemiology

Port Health

Tuberculosis

Malaria

Leprosy

Paragraphs

9 - 10

14 - 15

27 31

· J

г I

CONTENTS-Contd.

III. THE HEALTH DIVISION-Contd.

Social Hygiene

Maternal and Child Health Services

School Health Service

Health Education

IV. THE MEDICAL DIVISION

General Survey of Hospitals

Specialist Services

Medical and Surgical Services

г.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology Services

Radiological Sub-Department

Ophthalmic Service

Dental Service

Out-patient Services

The Pathological Service

The Public Mortuaries

г.

The Forensic Medical Service

The Chemical Laboratory Special Ancillary Services

The Medico-social Service

The Pharmaceutical Service

Physiotherapy

Occupational Therapy

Blood Banks

Stores and Equipment

1 ·

Paragraphs

67 76

68 88

82 83

84 - 87

112

90 - 92

100 - 104

105 112

113

114

115

117

118

119 121

122

125

126 - 149

127 129

130 - 131

132 - 135

136 139

140 - 141

142

Auxiliary Medical Service

Medical Examination Board

143

146

147 - 149

CONTENTS-Contd.

Paragraphs

V. TRAINING PROGRAMME

Liaison with the University

Nursing Training

Health Visitors

Technical Training

150

151

7 ·

152

153 - 154

155

156

Fellowships and Scholarships

Liaison with International Organizations 157

VI. BUILDING PROGRAMME

New Buildings opened during the year...

158

159 163

164 171

VII. VITAL STATISTICS

VIII. AccoUNTS

IX. MAPS

X. APPENDICES

iii

Statistical information in this report

refers to the calendar year 1955.

Introductory Remarks.

1. GENERAL

The period under review, April 1955 to March 1956, has again been one of sustained effort against ever increasing pressure of work but has been marked by definite progress and achievement. Nowhere has there been any slackening off and nearly all sub-departments report still further increases in activity and, where the limits of capacity and endurance have been reached, describe an ever increasing demand which they are unable to meet.

General Notes on the Health of the Colony.

2. Once again the Colony remained entirely free of the six major internationally quarantinable diseases, namely, cholera, plague, smallpox, relapsing fever, typhus and yellow fever. There was a slight rise in the number of communicable diseases notified as compared with 1954 but fewer deaths from those causes. The situation in regard to typhoid fever is particularly encouraging, the number of cases notified during 1955 being the lowest recorded since 1950, and the number of deaths, 58, is the lowest figure recorded since 1946. There is still a disappoint- ingly high incidence and mortality, particularly amongst young children, from tuberculosis, diphtheria, both primary and secondary pneumonias and gastro-enteritis. Following the definite halt to the steadily rising incidence of diphtheria reported last year, 1955 has seen a substantial decrease in both cases notified and mortality from this disease following the intensive mass immunization campaigns of the past three years. Tuberculosis, however, continues to be the major health problem and while the present economic conditions and gross over- crowding continue, there is little prospect of achieving any substantial improvement. The death rate from tuberculosis, although falling steadily under modern treatment, is still several times higher than that of the United Kingdom. A distressing

feature of this disease in Hong Kong is that about one-third of the deaths from it occur in children under five years of age. an index of the social and economic conditions. Amongst adults an unusually high percentage of deaths occur in males, probably a reflection of the abnormal sex distribution of the population as well as of the economic stresses. The control of leprosy has shown increasingly good results and progress has been made in the organized rehabilitation of cases in which the disease has been effectively arrested. Special attention was again given during the year to anti-enteric measures and towards increasing vaccination protection against smallpox, An interesting pre- liminary piece of research was done with the co-operation of the University of Malaya on the prevalence of the various types of poliomyelitis virus in the Colony. Results seem to indicate that the poliomyelitis virus is very wide-spread, particularly type 2 virus, and that apparently some 75 per cent of the population have been naturally immunized against this disease in early childhood. These observations must be regarded as subject to further study before they can be accepted as con- firmed. They do indicate however that great caution must be used before introducing any form of mass vaccination as there would appear to be some risk of precipitating active disease in latent cases.

Natural Increase of Population.

　3. The number of births once again exceeded all previous records, being in excess of ninety thousand for the first time in the history of the Colony and showing an increase of almost 9 per cent on the number of births recorded for 1954, the highest figure ever previously recorded. There were 203 fewer deaths from all causes at all ages than in 1954 and in consequence, the natural increase of the population i.e. the excess of births over the total number of deaths from all causes, was 71,431 or very nearly a net increase in the population of 200 each day of the year. This particular aspect of the health of the Colony, although gratifying in some respects, is posing fresh problems of health and severely taxing all the resources of the Colony.

General Environmental Conditions of Health.

　　　　　　There have been as usual a number of fires in squatter areas which produced acute problems of sanitation, relief and rehabilitation. The development of industry in the New Ter- ritories particularly at Tsuen Wan, continued to be an ever increasing problem and constant vigilance is necessary to main- tain even minimal standards of public health. These factors plus the persistent severe shortage of water have been a cause for considerable anxiety during the year and continue to be so. On the other hand, the control of the slaughter of animals for food in the New Territories has been brought under better control with the appointment of trained Government overseers to the two approved slaughter houses, while in the remoter rural areas, sanitation has been improved by an increasing use of aquaprivies.

　　　　5. Steps are now being taken to improve the housing situation and considerable progress has been made but it will be some time before any improvement can be expected to reflect in the health statistics. Although thousands of people have. now been accommodated in reasonably healthy housing, even more still remain herded together in insanitary congestion, where in some cases as many as 80 persons may be sharing one kitchen with one tap which may, when restrictions are at their worst, deliver water for only 23 hours in the 24, and one latrine which, when it is a flushing water closet, is often rather worse than a dry pan latrine because of the shortage of water. Under these conditions it is not surprising to find diseases of congestion such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, measles, pneumonia, etc., and diseases associated with dirt, such as gastro-enteritis and the enteric fevers, stubbornly persisting and taking toll in human lives and vitality. However, in spite of the many difficulties and severe handicaps, it is possible to report that the Colony has enjoyed in general a gratifyingly high level of health during the period under review.

Legislation.

　　　　6. The following legislation was enacted during the year 1955-56:-

Ordinances:

(a) Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases (Amend-

ment) Ordinance No. 38 of 1955.

(b) Penicillin (Amendment) Ordinance No. 50 of 1955. (c) Public Health (Sanitation) (Amendment) Ordin-

ance No. 54 of 1955.

(d) Dentists Registration (Amendment) Ordinance

No. 55 of 1955.

(e) Mental Hospital (Amendment) Ordinance No. 56

of 1955.

(f) Public Health (Sanitation) (Amendment) (No. 2)

Ordinance No. 62 of 1955.

(g) Miscellaneous Licences (Amendment) Ordinance

No. 64 of 1955.

Orders, Rules, Regulations and By-laws:

(a) Domestic Cleanliness and Prevention of Diseases

(Amendment) By-laws (G.N.A. 37 of 1955).

(b) Disease Prevention (Food and Drinks) (Amend-

ment) By-laws (G.N.A. 87 of 1955).

Regulations (G.N.A. 95 of 1955).

(d) Dangerous Drugs (Amendment of Schedule) Order

(G.N.A. 104 of 1955).

(e) Public Bath-House (Amendment) By-laws (G.N.A.

108 of 1955).

(f) Penicillin (and other substances) (Amendment)

Regulations (G.N.A. 112 of 1955).

(g) Mental Hospitals (Amendment) Regulations

(G.N.A. 114 of 1955).

(h) Poisons (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations (G.N.A.

127 of 1955).

(i) Poisons List (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations

(G.N.A. 128 of 1955).

(j) Miscellaneous Licences (Amendment) Regulations

(G.N.A. 1 of 1956).

(k) Penicillin (and other substances) (Amendment)

Regulations (G.N.A. 4 of 1956).

(1) Dentists (Registration and Disciplinary Procedure)

Regulations (G.N.A. 10 of 1956).

(m) Dangerous

Drugs (Amendment)

(G.N.A. 21 of 1956).

Regulations

Action was instituted to effect revision of the following

legislation during the year 1955-56.

1. Midwives Regulations.

2. Medical Registration Ordinance.

Nurses Registration Regulations.

Quarantine & Prevention of Disease (Scale of Charges) Regulations 1951.

Work continued on the framing of the Radio-active Substances Bill, and on the Building Ordinance and Regula- tions.

Expenditure.

7. The Medical Department's actual expenditure for the financial year ending 31st March 1956 was $27,002,382.89 but to obtain a true figure of the Government's expenditure on medical services a further $6,205,682 should be added to this. This sum was paid to the voluntary organizations in the Colony that provide hospital and other public health services. These include the Anti-Tuberculosis Association ($600,000), the Mis- sion to Lepers Hong Kong Auxiliary ($480,000), the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, which receives the main subvention of $4,928,459, and other smaller institutions such as the Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital which receives a subvention of $111,700. Combined expenditure on account of the Medical Department and medical subventions was approximately 8.3% of the Colony's total actual expenditure.

General.

II. ORGANIZATION AND ESTABLISHMENT

　8. For the purposes of administration the Government Medical Department is divided into two major divisions designated respectively the Health Division and the Medical Division, both headed by an Assistant Director. The Health Division comprises the services designed to promote health and prevent ill-health while the Medical Division comprises the curative and investigative services and the Auxiliary Medical Service.

Health Division.

9. The Health Division provides the following services: advice on hygiene and sanitation; an epidemiological service (designed to prevent the spread of preventable diseases such as vaccination and other forms of immunization and advice); a Port Health Service (controlling the risk of importation of diseases and generally supervising the hygiene conditions of the harbour and air port); an Anti-Tuberculosis Service (detecting and treating cases and endeavouring to introduce methods of control and prevention); an Anti-Malarial Service (for the pre- vention and control of malaria); a Social Hygiene Service for the control and treatment of venereal diseases and, as an off- shoot but quite separate, a service for the treatment of leprosy at special out-patient clinics; a Maternal & Child Health Service (seeking to preserve and promote the health of mothers and young children); a School Health Service (to preserve and promote the health of school children and control the hygiene of school premises); health education for all types and levels of the population and recently introduced but not yet fully organized-an Industrial Health Service (to protect and pro- mote the health of workers in industry). Each of these services constitutes a sub-department under the direction of a Medical Officer specially trained for the purpose and experienced in that particular kind of work.

10. The responsibility for general environmental health conditions in the city areas is shared with the Urban Services

Department under the administration of the Urban Council. The Director of Urban Services is the Chairman of the Council and the Assistant Director of Health Services the Vice Chairman and professional adviser on health matters to the Council. The city is divided into two areas (Hong Kong Island and Kowloon) and a supervisory Health Officer is appointed to each area. The Health Officers' work is co-ordinated and supervised by the Senior Health Officer who is concurrently Secretary of the Health Staff Committee, an unofficial consultative body comprised of officers of the Health Division and of the Urban Services Department. In this way a close liaison is maintained with the Urban Council and Urban Services Department at all levels. Also now, through the Industrial Health Officer, liaison is maintained with the Labour Department.

Medical Division.

11. The Medical Division provides hospitals for acute and chronic cases, mental cases and communicable diseases; specialist services in various branches of surgery, obstetrics and gynae- cology, medicine, radiology, eye diseases and dentistry and a very large general out-patient service. Supervision of these out-patient clinics is shared between the Senior Medical Officer and the Senior Health Officer, the Senior Medical Officer being in charge of those clinics, which, broadly speaking, concentrate on the treatment of diseases while the Senior Health Officer controls the clinics where preventive and promotive health work is carried out. The various investigative services, the Patho- logical Institute, the Chemical Laboratory and the Forensic Medical Laboratory also come under this division for purposes. of general administration as likewise do the ancillary medical services, pharmaceutical and dispensing service, almoning service, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and the Auxiliary Medical Service. The investigative services naturally do a great deal of work for the health division, for the Urban Services Department and also for other Government depart- ments, e.g. the production of vaccine for the use of the health division and the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry, the analysis of a great number of samples of food, water and chemicals etc. In addition to the purely Government

institutions the Medical Division is also responsible for main- taining liaison with Government assisted hospitals and institu- tions, voluntary organizations, and the training programme of all medical, nursing and ancillary personnel.

Establishment.

　12. The official establishment staffing and operating the services outlined above consisted of:

Specialists (excluding University Consultants). Doctors (including administrative staff)

Nursing Staff

Other Professional and Technical Staff

Other Staff

267

921

220

2,337

A table setting out the figures in detail is attached at Appendix 1.

Professional Registers.

　13. Medical and dental practitioners together with phar- macists, nurses and midwives are required by Ordinance to be registered before practising their professions in the Colony. The Director of Medical & Health Services is the ex-officio chairman of the Boards constituted under the respective Ordinances. The numbers of persons registered under these Ordinances during the year was as follows:

Registered Medical Practitioners

Registered Dentists

Registered Pharmacists

Registered Nurses

гг 1

504

338

834

908

Registered Midwives

(The above figures do not include the Armed Services' or Government

personnel.)

[JI. HEALTH DIVISIÓN

Hygiene and Sanitation.

　14. Urban Areas. The maintenance of efficient sanitary services is the basic requirement when dealing with increasing population and severe overcrowding. The clearing of squatters

and their resettlement continued to make good progress. A number of fires again broke out in squatter areas (6 on Hong Kong Island and 12 in Kowloon) necessitating the urgent provision of temporary health services for the homeless. Increased supervision of licensed food premises was maintained to ensure reasonable standards of hygiene. In some instances. it was found that the methods of transport and handling of ice cream products was hygienically unsatisfactory-a number of samples taken showed contamination with pathogenic bacteria. One prosecution in this connexion resulted in a fine of $500.00. Two major outbreaks of food poisoning occurred during the year, both involving food prepared in institutional kitchens serving large numbers. In one outbreak, affecting 28 men, pathogenic staphylococci were isolated from ham and cheese sandwiches prepared by a pantry boy and a sick waiter both of whom showed the same organisms in cultures from their nose and throat. The other outbreak involved 24 persons in a relief camp. Bacillus proteus was isolated from the food remnants. In addition to these, a case occurred in Kowloon in which 9 out of 10 persons died after being poisoned with parathion, an organic phosphorous insecticide, ingested with a savoury soup. The sale of this insecticide has now been placed under strict control by the Government.

　　　　15. Special studies carried out by Health Officers and the Health Inspectorate during the year included the following:

(a) A survey of food canning factories in Kowloon- this followed complaints of poor quality canning received from nearby importing countries in South East Asia.

(b) A survey of creches and similar institutions in the Colony and observation of them for one year with a view to formulating future legislation.

(c) A campaign to improve general sanitation in Stanley-action was taken especially to control fly breeding, illegal pigsties, and sumps.

　　　　16. Rural Areas. The continuing rapid expansion of industry and suburban housing in the New Territories is still

causing considerable difficulty in providing parallel public health services as the health staff is insufficient and too thinly spread. Sha Tin and Cheung Chau received government mains water supply for the first time during the year.

　17. The work of Maternal and Child Health Centres showed a considerable increase and reveals a gradual apprecia- tion of their value by people of the remoter villages.

18. A semi-official census of the population was under- taken by the Rural Committees on behalf of the District Administration. Figures resulting, though not yet complete, have given useful information on the age and sex distribution, especially in Tsuen Wan.

Epidemiology.

19. Though the total of 18,142 notifications of infectious diseases received in the year was higher than in 1954 the increase is entirely attributable to the rise in the number of Tuberculosis notifications.

20. Deaths due to infectious diseases were, however, fewer than in the previous year. The mortality rate for communi- cable disease has been dropping steadily since 1950 as is shown in the following table:

TABLE 1

Total No. of

Year

Infections

Disease Cases

Deaths from Infectious

Mortality

Disease

1950

12,532

3,800

30.3

1951

18,162

4,598

25.3

1952

19,938

IJELIL

4,060

20.3

1953

17,319

3,348

19.3

1954

17,008

3,276

19.2

1935

[8.142

3,095

17.1

　　　21. There has been a satisfactory decrease in the intestinal group of these diseases, particularly enteric fever. Preventive measures against this disease received special attention through- out the year: supervision of eating houses and food handlers, tracing and checking of typhoid carriers, inoculation campaigns and health education combined with sanitary housing in reset- tlement areas all helped to reduce the incidence and deaths due to typhoid fever to the lowest recorded since 1950.

　　　22. Diphtheria notifications also showed a considerable decrease of 23.9% compared to 1954. The case mortality rate of this disease was 8.45%, the lowest so far recorded. An anti- diphtheria inoculation campaign directed at children between 6 months and 10 years of age showed good results: a total of 99,448 first doses, 83,647 second doses and 46,144 "booster" doses was given in the year.

　　　23. 51 cases of acute poliomyelitis with 3 deaths were notified. This compares favourably, as regards mortality, with 49 cases and 9 deaths the previous year. 26 of the cases oc- curred in the month of June, and 16 cases were non-Chinese- mostly Services personnel or their families.

　　　24. The incidence of Scarlet Fever, a rare disease in the Colony, was a good deal higher than previously recorded. Most of the cases were of a mild type and 40% of them occurred in non-Chinese.

25. 3 cases of rabies occurred in the New Territories. None had received any prophylactic treatment as they were not reported until symptoms had developed and all died soon after admission to hospital, when the diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory examination. There were 11 cases of animal rabies. Persons bitten by these animals were traced, all completed a full course of prophylaxis and none developed the disease.

　　　26. Appendix 2 shows a detailed list of notifications and deaths from infectious disease in 1955.

Port Health.

　　　27. The Port Health administration is responsible for the prevention of the import of quarantinable diseases into the

Colony. The work is controlled by the provisions of the Inter- national Sanitary Conventions as embodied in the amended Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance.

　28. During 1955 4,073 ships carrying 54,651 passengers and 225,932 crew members were inspected on arrival in the marine quarantine anchorages. At Kai Tak Airport passengers and crews landing from infected airports are examined. 874 aircraft with 25,118 passengers and 6,210 crew members were inspected during this same period. Routine spraying with insecticide of these planes is carried out before arrival. In the frontier quarantine post at Lo Wu 113,871 arrivals by train were inspected as they entered the Colony, and of these 76,954 were vaccinated against smallpox by Port Health staff.

　29. A fumigation service for ships and for outgoing cargo to destroy rats and other pests is provided. Though the use of cyanide is increasing, sulphur dioxide still remains the most commonly used agent for this purpose. In the year, 1,050 dead rats were recovered following fumigation of 72 ships, 25 with cyanide and 47 with sulphur. 134 deratting exemption certi- ficates were also granted after inspection of ships.

　30. 3 centres are maintained to issue official certificates of vaccination and inoculation required for international travel. The centres also provide free prophylactic vaccinations and inoculations for the general public.

　31. A constant check is maintained on the purity of drink- ing water supplied to shipping. Bacteriological examination is made of samples taken weekly from all water boats and dock hydrants. 47 samples out of a total of 527 taken during 1955 did not conform to the required standard of purity, and of 82 samples taken on request from ships' tanks 22 were below desirable standards.

Tuberculosis.

　32. Tuberculosis is one of the principal causes of death in the Colony, accounting for 14.7% of all deaths. The estimated death rate is 120 per hundred thousand of population as com- pared with the figure of 126 for 1954. This is a continuation

of the steady fall which has taken place, with occasional inter- ruptions, for many years. It is of interest to record that Hong Kong has not shared the sudden drop in tuberculosis mortality which has been recorded in Western countries since 1949. Despite the unsatisfactory housing and economic conditions the percentage of the total tuberculosis deaths occurring under the age of 5 years, has for the first time on record fallen below 30%, the fall being entirely due to a drop of almost 50% in the deaths from respiratory tuberculosis in this group. Tubercular meningitis on the other hand has shown a marked increase in mortality below 5 years as well as in other age groups.

33. The incidence of tuberculosis, as shown by the notifica- tions, has shown a marked increase, the total recorded being, with the exception of 1952, the highest recorded. The Govern- ment Chest Clinics, now deal with almost 70% of the total notified cases of tuberculosis.

1954

1955

Government Chest Clinics

7,693

9,843

Other Government Institutions

1,788

1,434

Non-Government Institutions

2,474

2,352

Private Practitioners

553

519

12,508 14,148

34. Of the total tuberculosis notifications, 13,251 relate to disease of the lungs, analysis of which indicates a peak preva- lence in the 25-29 age group, with, except in infancy and old age, a preponderance in males of two to one.

35. The Medical Department operates 2 full time central clinics and 7 branch clinics each holding one session per week. in the principal population centres. All diagnostic and thera- peutic work is free of charge. The increase in attendances in 1955 has been so great as to make restriction on the intake of new patients necessary until additional facilities are available.

36. Attendances at branch clinics increased to almost two and a half times the previous year's figure.

Attendances

1954

1955

Main Clinica

35,738

37,789

New Casen

Branch Clinics

1,273

2,272

Main Clinica

181,794

304,231

Revisits

Branch Clinics

6,675

16,195

Total

225,480

360,487

37. A surgical chest clinic is now operated once a week for patients advised to have surgical treatment for their pul- monary condition and an orthopaedic tuberculosis clinic was also commenced during the year for the benefit of patients found to have bone and joint complications of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Treatment.

38. (a) Ambulatory. In view of the very limited number of hospital beds available for tuberculosis cases in the Colony, ambulatory chemotherapy must be adopted as the principal method of out-patient treatment. The average duration of this type of treatment is about 9 months, and it has shown good results on selected cases.

Category

Completed treatment

Still under treatment

Failed to complete treatment

Admitted to bospital after preliminary

treatment..

1953

1954

1955

1,024

2,018

3,386

485

1,226

2,824

266*

380*

852

266

* Includes those admitted to Hospital before completion of treatment.

39. (b) Hospital Treatment. The Medical Department maintains 318 beds for tuberculosis cases. These beds are all in several multi-purpose general hospitals, as there is no separate Government Tuberculosis Hospital. There is a very long waiting list for admission. During 1955, 507 patients

were admitted, the "bed turnover" figure being 1.6. Treatment by major surgical procedures increased substantially: 115 thoracoplasty operations were undertaken compared to 79 in the previous year.

Prevention.

40. In addition to therapeutic work, preventive measures against tuberculosis are carried out on a considerable scale. These measures are:-

(1) B. C. G. vaccination.

(2) X-Ray surveys.

(3) Contact examinations.

Health Education and social assistance.

B.C.G. Vaccination.

　　　　　41. The emphasis now is on the vaccination of new born infants within a few days of birth for whom no preliminary testing is needed. A special strength vaccine is inserted by multi-puncture. A total of 25,362 vaccinations were done in the year of which 9,587 were for infants. This is a little over 10% of all babies born in the Colony but it is hoped that this figure will rise with increased appreciation by the public of the value of this measure.

X-Ray Surveys,

42. Surveys cannot yet be done for the general population because facilities to deal with the already known cases of tuber- culosis are strained to the limit. Surveys are done for the

following selected groups:

(1) Government employees (on recruitment and

annually);

(2) Private firms and institutions;

(3) Prisoners in H.M. Prisons;

(4) School teachers.

Government Employees.

43. The following table shows results from surveys in the

last 3 years:

TABLE 2

Year

1953

1954

1955

Number X-rayed

24,915

26,255

26,574

Number examined at Clinics

2,746

3,282

3,751

Percentage incidence of active T. B.

0.722

1.017

1.272

New cases of active T. B. found

101

44. The figure for the incidence of active disease is the highest yet recorded but, of the 77 new cases found 57 were of minimal extent. The present general trend in tuberculosis. is one of high morbidity with reduced mortality.

Private Firms and Institutions.

45. Surveys are carried out free of charge on the condition that employees found to have tuberculosis will be given sick leave with pay on an agreed scale. 9,182 persons in this group were X-rayed during 1955 and 100 were found to have active disease a percentage incidence of 1.2% which compared favourably with the previous year's figure of 1.67% and agrees almost exactly with the percentage of active disease found in government servants.

H.M. Prison, Stanley.

46. Overcrowding at Stanley Prison necessitating more than one prisoner in a cell has made it advisable to X-ray all prisoners. The incidence of tuberculosis is high. In 1955, 359 cases were found among 3,613 prisoners examined.

School Teachers.

47. In view of the potential danger to children in contact with teachers suffering from tuberculosis, surveys of this group

are undertaken annually in the case of government school teachers and on first appointment for private school teachers. In 1955, 36 teachers were found unfit to teach on account of pulmonary tuberculosis. Priority treatment is offered for these

cases.

Contact Examination.

48. Contacts of known cases of tuberculosis are examined in two age groups, those over 8 years and those below, The latter have a preliminary tuberculin test with B.C.G. vaccina- tion if found negative.

49. The results of contact examinations made in 1955 are shown in the tables below:

TABLE 3

(1)

Under 8 years of age

Totol

No. Positive

No. Negative

Tuberculin Tested

3,443

2,295

1,148

Positive Test

Active tuberculosis

Inactive tuberculosis

Free from tuberculosis

Cases (2295)

157

308

1,830

Percentage found with active tuberculosis 4.55%

(2) Over 8 years of age

Active tuberculosis

Inactive tuberculosis

Under observation

Free from tuberculosis

Total

Percentage with active tuberculosis 4.75%

Total No. of Contacts of all ages

LIJJ LJIL

Percentage incidence of active tuberculosis

451

228

452

8,380

9,511

12,954

4.69%

Health Education and Social Assistance.

50. A staff of almoners and tuberculosis visitors undertake ever increasing duties in the clinics and in homes of patients. Each diagnosed case is interviewed regarding details of the financial and social status and home and family circumstances. Material assistance is given in several ways, such as weekly grants of cash for patients obliged to give up work in order to undergo treatment, rehabilitation grants and the issue of milk powder and other foods to patients and their families.

51. Health Education is an important function of tuber- culosis visitors and is especially effective as part of their home visiting programme.

Malaria.

52. In 1955 only 431 cases of malaria with 9 deaths were recorded in the Colony. With a population of approximately 2 million at risk in a potentially highly malarious area this is a satisfactory figure, justifying the constant control work which is carried out.

53. Protected areas where active control work is con- tinuous, embrace the whole of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, New Kowloon and selected sites in the New Territories. The latter include the Tai Lam Chung reservoir area, Rennies Mill Camp, Cheung Chau Island, and the Welfare Centre for the physically-handicapped at Shap Long on Lantao Island.

54. Throughout the year surveys were carried out in the New Territories. Spleen and blood examinations for over 5,000 children aged up to 10 years revealed an overall spleen rate of 2.74% and a parasite rate of 1.07%.

55. Recent investigation has shown that since the re- introduction of compulsory notification of malaria in June 1950, cases occurring in the unprotected areas had not been fully reported.

　　　　56. Corrected notifications for the past 6 years are now shown in the table below:

TABLE 4

Year

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

Notified Cases

502

526

1.010

780

475

229

Unreported Cases.......

230

295

119

383

202

Total No. of Notifica-

tious (Corrected)......

552

756

1,305

899

858

431

Leprosy.

　　　　57. The treatment of leprosy in Hong Kong is unusual in that in most countries segregation in a leprosarium is compul- sory and treatment more or less voluntary, but here admission to the leprosarium is purely voluntary and offered only to selected patients in need of special hospital treatment. The vast majority of patients are treated at out-patient clinics and rendered non-infective as quickly as possible by modern treat- ment, i.e. the emphasis is on treatment and not on segregation. This is justified by the fact that it has now been established that the infectivity of leprosy is extremely low. If young children could be effectively protected against risk of exposure to infec- tion, the disease would probably die out in the course of a generation or two.

　　　　58. Four new clinics were opened during the year, making a total of 7. There were 22,012 attendances at these clinics in 1955 and 762 new cases were recorded. 98 patients were admitted on a voluntary basis to the leprosarium administered by the Mission to Lepers on Hayling Island. Also 174 cases of leprosy were treated at Stanley Prison.

59. Familial contacts of all cases are examined and child contacts receive B.C.G. vaccination.

　　　　60. A recent modification of "Dapsone" (Avlo Sulphone Soluble) is being successfully used for cases that show intoler- ance to the original Dapsone, which is still normally employed. A treatment period of approximately 2 years is required to

render an infectious case non-infectious. The problem of the rehabilitation of cured lepers is a difficult one and their absorp tion into the general community is still hindered by prejudice.

Social Hygiene.

61. The incidence of venereal diseases shows an encourag- ing decline compared with the previous 2 years, particularly as regards syphilis:

1953

1954

1955

TABLE 5

Year

New Patients

Total New

Total Attendances

Syphilis Cases

37,392

213,091

6.969

36,652

223,031

6,825

34.853

203,701

4,232

62. A detailed analysis of cases recorded is shown at Appendix 3.

63. Admissions to hospital of cases of infectious syphilis were also greatly reduced as the following comparative returns show:-

TABLE 6

Admissions to Hospital

Year

Primary Syphilis

Secondary

Syphilis

Early Latent Syphilis

Congenital Syphilis

1952

5.8

1953

1954

1955

64. In the campaign against congenital syphilis, routine ante-natal blood tests of expectant mothers were continued. During the year 23,719 tests were undertaken on behalf of such women attending Government clinics and midwives. The positive rate was 4.5%. Private midwives referred a total of

5,439 women for tests and the positive rate for these was 4.2%. Educational propaganda now appears to be having some effect particularly in the lessened incidence of cases showing com- plications when first reporting to clinics.

　　　　65. An investigation of non-gonococcal urethritis in males was started late in 1955. A viral aetiology of this condition has been postulated and this has been supported in Hong Kong by the findings of the Pathological Laboratory in cases before and after anti-biotic treatment. A special staining method (Macchiavello's) has been employed.

66. Follow up by letter or by visits of contact notifications and of defaulters from treatment was maintained with in- different success. No contact notifications were received from private medical practitioners.

Maternal and Child Health Services.

67. The midwifery service operates from 18 centres from which 32 district midwives conducted 10,367 deliveries, 6,670 in the maternity beds of the centres and 3,697 as domiciliary cases. 126 still births were recorded, a rate of 12.1 per 1,000. 195 cases required to be referred to Government hospitals for special management of complicated childbirth. The average annual case load per midwife increased from 259 in 1954 to 323 in 1955, an extremely high figure by almost any standard. At Yuen Long one midwife delivered 738 cases!

　　　　68. A total of 105 maternity beds are available in 12 of the centres. 17 new beds have been added since last year, 14 in an extension to the Maurine Grantham Centre at Tsuen Wan and 3 in the Sai Kung Clinic. Midwives have now replaced Nurse Midwives in all maternity homes in the New Territories with the exception of those at Sha Tau Kok and Silver Mine Bay. One temporary centre provided as an emergency measure for victims of a fire in a squatter area was closed down after resettlement of the squatters.

　　　　69. Private midwives work mainly in maternity homes and deliver over one third of all registered births in the Colony. There are 218 midwives in active private practice. Deliveries

in 1955 totalled 33,084 of which only 1,820 were domiciliary cases. There were 305 stillbirths, a rate of 9.21 per 1,000.

　70. Ante-natal supervision is gradually becoming more appreciated and attendances are rising, although approximately 30% of deliveries are still of mothers who have received no ante-natal attention. In the year there were 19,961 attendances. by 7,192 women, an average of 2,77 visits by each person, This compared well with the attendance rate of 1.31 per case recorded in the previous year. As regards private midwives a somewhat higher percentage of pregnancies are attended ante-natally, as is to be expected with a higher income group, and approximately 20% of births occur without prior supervision.

71. Supervision of all registered maternity homes and midwives is maintained by a system of regular visits by the Supervisor of Midwives. In 1955, 136 private maternity homes were on the register and 831 visits were made to their premises. The records and equipment of midwives are inspected annually.

　72. Instruction in the technique of B.C.G. vaccination, now offered routinely for the new born, was given to 322 midwives by the B.C.G. team of the tuberculosis service at the Tsan Yuk Hospital and the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. 71 private midwives also attended a post-graduate course in ante-natal care given at the Harcourt Maternal and Child Health Centre.

73. Maternal and Child Health Clinics provide care for children under 2 years of age. Regular supervision and advice is given and particularly directed to infant welfare. Most attendances are concerned with those under 1 year old. The whole emphasis is on the prevention rather than the treatment of established disease. 227,662 attendances by 16,089 children were recorded in the year, an average of 14.15 visits by each child.

74. Selected cases of families of the lowest income groups (less than $100 per month) received supplementary meals at Maternal and Child Health Centres in groups of about 50 at a time. 35,366 meals of this type were served. Skimmed milk powder and soap supplied by U.N.I.C.E.F. continued to be distributed at centres to cases selected by Health Visitors.

75. Health Education is a most useful aspect of the work of these centres and clinics. Group talks, discussions, and demonstrations were organized and well attended. Home visits offer the best chance of health propaganda, which can be directed to actual conditions present in the living circumstances of an individual family. 22,487 such visits were made to homes in 1955.

　　　　76. The Maternal and Child Health team from the World Health Organization which had given valuable assistance during the previous 2 years on certain aspects of the Medical Depart- ment's Maternal and Child Health programme, completed its project in March 1956.

School Health Service.

　　　　77. The past year has seen this service unable to absorb all those new entrants to schools who wished to join and it has been necessary, owing to lack of staff and school clinic premises, to limit the numbers served. Since September, 1955, no new entrants have been accepted except from Government schools. The number of pupils participating in December 1955 was approximately 42,000 from 463 schools. The service provides medical examination on entry and at ages 7, 10, 12, 15 and 18 years. There are 4 school clinics which treat minor ailments and deal with cases referred to them from school health doctors, teachers, and parents. A new clinic at the Queen Elizabeth School was opened in November and is capable of expansion.

78. The following tables give the figures for the main activities of the service in 1955: --

TABLE 7

Medical Inspections of Pupils, 1955

New Entrants...

Periodical Inspections

-------L

Re-inspections

Total

16,012

9,221

42,302

67.535

Attendances

New Cases....

Revisits....

Total

TABLE &

Attendances at School Clinics, 1955

General

Dental Ophthalmic

E. N. T.

Clinics

70,536

16,560

4,281

1,866

28,957

21,414

2,574

1,885

99,493

37.974

6,855

3,751

79. The School Dental Service is virtually overwhelmed. A very large proportion of the new entrants are found to be in need of dental attention and in 1955, 79.18% of the 24,785 children dentally inspected at schools were referred for neces- sary dental work, In only 5.8% of the cases could treatment be completed to the extent that the patients could be classed as dentally fit.

　80. Spectacles are provided free for children with refrac- tive errors. 3,203 pairs were issued in 1955. Plastic frames of more cosmetic appeal are now provided in place of the original metal ones. To assist in simple refraction work 3 school medical officers have been trained by the Ophthalmic Specialist. Teachers from private, subsidized and grant in aid schools are also eligible to participate in the service.

81. Apart from preventive and clinical work the School Health Service is also responsible for the inspection of ali schools in connexion with the hygiene and sanitation of their premises, the approval of plans for new schools from the Public Health aspect and for Health Education programmes in schools and Teachers Training Colleges. Inspection visits to premises in 1955 totalled 2,589. These included visits to 188 premises for which applications for new schools had been received.

Health Education.

　82. Some results are forthcoming from general publicity given in the form of posters, pamphlets and films. Somewhat better results appear to come from mobile broadcasting vans in

conjunction with accompanying action such as immunization campaigns against smallpox, diphtheria and typhoid fever. The best results undoubtedly seem to be from home visits by health visitors, health inspectors, and nurses, when health education can be directed to conditions observed on the spot, and from talks to selected groups of persons,-for example, mothers attending ante-natal and infant welfare clinics, school children and teachers in training.

83. Statistics of work done by individual sub-departments in the year are difficult to present as a whole, but details of the methods employed and the attendances recorded by the Mater- nity and Child Health section are given at Appendix 4.

IV. THE MEDICAL DIVISION

General Survey of Hospitals.

　　　　84. There are 27 hospitals in the Colony, 11 of which are run by the Government. The other 16 are run by various private organizations, 7 of them receiving substantial financial assistance from Government in respect of the charitable services they offer. Details of the various hospitals and the beds and services they offer are attached at Appendix 5. Details of work done in Government hospitals and in the assisted hospitals classified according to the International Standard Classification (International list of 150 causes) are given at Appendix 6. Details of in-patients treated in all hospitals during the year are shown at Appendix 7.

85. The 11 Government hospitals provide a total of 1,983 beds, the Government assisted hospitals 2,280 beds and private hospitals 1,008 beds. In addition various Government Dispen- saries provide a further 84 beds, practically all for maternity cases. There are therefore in the Colony a total of 5,355 beds for all purposes including mentally ill patients and for the isolation of infectious diseases. Excluding the 995 beds set aside for tuberculosis, the 141 beds provided for the mentally ill and the 751 beds reserved for the isolation of infectious cases there are therefore 3,468 beds available in the Colony for all

general purposes, medical, surgical, maternity and gynaecolo- gical, or 1.3 beds per thousand of population. In any com- munity it is generally found that out of every thousand persons at least six are in need of hospital attention of some sort at any given time. In Hong Kong this would mean 15,000 beds, or 11,500 more than exist at present. The proposed new hospital in Kowloon now being planned will provide 1,300 additional beds or just over one tenth of what is required. If 9 more hospitals of the size of the new Kowloon Hospital could be built, then Hong Kong would have adequate provision of hospital beds for general purposes, but even this would not be adequate to meet the demands for the treatment of tuberculosis, the mentally ill, or for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Government Hospitals.

　86. The 11 Government hospitals comprise 2 major general hospitals, 1 mental hospital, 2 maternity hospitals, I major hospital for long term cases with which is combined a section for the treatment of infectious diseases, 1 isolation hospital, 2 prison hospitals, 1 small hospital for the treatment of venereal diseases and the St. John Hospital on Cheung Chau on loan from the St. John Ambulance Association. The 2 major hos- pitals are the Queen Mary (593 beds) on the island, and the Kowloon Hospital (245 beds) on the mainland. The Queen Mary Hospital is the largest in the Colony at present and is the main teaching centre for medical students and nurses. These 2 hospitals cater for the acutely ill and are the main casualty hospitals dealing with injuries and accidents. The Mental Hospital with original provision for 140 beds only, is the only institution of this nature in the Colony, and houses never less than 300 patients at any one time, usually considerably more. It is antiquated and inconvenient and it will be replaced shortly with a larger modern institution now building at Castle Peak. The 2 maternity hospitals, both on the island, differ dramatical- ly, the one, the Eastern Maternity Hospital being a small but exceedingly busy little 24 bed hospital attached to a dispensary originally built by the local Kai Fong many years ago and owing its excellent reputation largely to the devoted services of one individual doctor, while the other is the modern 200-bed Tsan

Yuk Hospital recently opened, built and equipped to the latest standards with funds donated by the Hong Kong Jockey Club. This hospital is the main training centre for medical students in obstetrics and gynaecology and the leading school for mid- wives, providing training facilities for 70 midwives at a time. The only other large Government hospital is situated on the mainland at Lai Chi Kok in adapted premises and provides 482 beds, 208 of which are reserved for tuberculosis cases, 94 for infectious diseases and the remainder for convalescent long term cases. This hospital does not normally cater for cases of acute illnesses other than infectious diseases, and accom- modates patients requiring prolonged treatment usually trans- ferred from one or other of the 2 major general hospitals. A large percentage of the work done is orthopaedic and it is at the moment the largest orthopaedic hospital in the Colony. The isolation hospital on the island is housed in antiquated premises, once part of the original Government Civil Hospital, in the most densely populated part of the city at Sai Ying Pun and officially provides 88 beds. It cannot be claimed to be ideal or even satisfactory but it renders very excellent service and the quality of work done is of the highest standard. This hospital is also used for the instruction of medical students. The 2 prison hospitals are located within the 2 prisons, Stanley (for men) and Lai Chi Kok (for women). They are small, the male prison hospital having 70 beds and the female hospital 11, but are generally found to be adequate. A considerable per- centage of the work done is concerned with the treatment of tuberculosis and drug addiction. The Social Hygiene Hospital for women is located in Wanchai in renovated premises, once a private Japanese hospital, and provides 28 beds. With improved modern methods of treatment it is becoming less and less necessary to hospitalize cases of venereal disease but this little hospital still performs a very useful function and is tending to become more of a hospital for difficult skin diseases. The St. John Hospital on Cheung Chau, originally built for the St. John Ambulance Brigade but now run by Government by special agreement, serves as a rural general hospital for the local community and as a tuberculosis sanatorium for light or convalescent cases of tuberculosis. It provides 102 beds but

medical facilities are somewhat restricted and cases requiring major surgery or special attention are transferred to one or other of the major general hospitals.

Assisted Hospitals.

87. The Government subsidizes 7 hospitals run by private organizations. These are, the 3 hospitals of the Tung Wah Group, together providing 1,255 beds; the Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital run by the London Missionary Society and providing 256 beds; the Ruttonjee Sanatorium run by the Hong Kong Anti-Tuberculosis Association and providing 230 beds for the treatment of cases of tuberculosis: the Pok Oi Hospital at Yuen Long with 39 beds, run by a Board of Directors on the game basis as the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, and the Hayling Island Leprosarium and Maxwell Memorial Hospital for the treatment of lepers, which is run by the Mission to Lepers. During the year this centre for the treatment of leprosy provided accommodation for 500 patients but this accommodation is being increased. With the exception of the 2 specialized hospitals the others all deal with general medical and surgical cases, the Tung Wah hospital being particularly useful and extremely overcrowded. The Tung Wah hospitals assist the Government hospitals by taking in a large number of long term patients and the maternity section of the Kwong Wah hospital is perhaps the most popular and by far the busiest in the Colony. Excellent schools of nursing and midwifery are conducted in the Tung Wah hospitals and also in the London Mission Hospital which recently added a large new block to their premises to handle maternity and gynaecological cases.

Specialist Services.

88. Government provides specialist services in medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, ophthalmology, dermato- logy, radiology, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, dentistry and pathology. In addition the Professors of the clinical subjects of the University Medical Faculty offer consultative services in medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, pathology and orthopaedics, the last being a service in which as yet Govern-

　　ment does not provide specialist attention although Government medical officers are in training with the intention of ultimately providing such service.

Medical and Surgical Services.

　　　　89. Close co-operation has been established between the Surgical Unit, the Medical Unit and the Department of Radiology. An out-patient clinic for patients suffering from thyroid diseases was run in conjunction with the University Medical Unit. This arrangement permitted of very careful assessment of patients and pre-operative medication, in con- sequence of which it was possible to effect considerable economy in the time spent in the hospital for pre-operative treatment. Similarly as a result of this close co-operation with the Medical Specialists, cases of splenic and allied diseases could be thoroughly investigated and followed up. Physicians had free access to the surgical wards to which such cases were admitted and attended operations. It is intended shortly to publish certain valuable observations which have been made possible as a result of this team work. Similarly as a result of close co- operation with the Department of Radiology and the University of Pathology more thorough control and investigation and treat- ment of cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was possible. As a sub-department the Thoracic Surgical Unit continued to provide a very good service in close liaison with the Department of Tuberculosis.

Obstetrical and Gynaecological Service.

90. The specialist Obstetrical and Gynaecological service on the island is provided by the University Unit at Queen Mary Hospital and Tsan Yuk Hospital. The Government Obstetrical and Gynaecological specialist is based at Kowloon Hospital and a large part of his work is concerned with out-patient clinics. The number of attendances at these clinics, although limited by the small number of beds available for admission and the limited operating theatre facilities, has continued to rise. The third class obstetric work is restricted mainly to Government servants and their dependents but abnormal cases referred from outside by private practitioners or other Government officers

are also accepted. The attendance of third class patients for ante-natal care is disappointing, largely owing to ignorance of the value of such care before birth, but also because the over- crowded state of the clinics tends to discourage attendance. This lack of ante-natal care is reflected in the maternal mortality figures.

91. All deaths in child birth encountered during the year in the Government obstetric service were emergency admissions that had received no ante-natal care and in addition 90% of the cases of eclampsia occurred among those who had neglected ante-natal supervision. It cannot be stressed too much that regular ante-natal care can lead to the relief of much minor suffering and to the prevention of serious complications. It must also be emphasized that post-natal care is also extremely desirable and can prevent much chronic ill health, which even- tually requires gynaecological treatment. The attendance at the post-natal clinics also is not yet satisfactory.

92. During the year the Army established their own maternity services. This gave considerable relief to the Government obstetrical service, which has hitherto served the armed forces in addition to the civilian population.

Radiological Sub-Department.

93. The Radiological Sub-department comprises the follow- ing sections:

Radiodiagnostic.

Radiotherapeutic.

Physics.

4. The Workshop.

Radiodiagnostic Section.

Part

94. The total volume of diagnostic work handled by this section has again shown an increase. It dealt with 251,198 investigations in 1955 as compared with 233,563 in 1954. of the increase is due to the opening of the new Tsan Yuk Hospital in June 1955. In addition to the routine diagnostic

work this section trains its own student radiographers for the Society of Radiographers' examinations and Medical Officers in radiology. Within the year 3 student radiographers passed the qualifying examination for Membership of the Society of Radio- graphers,

　　　　95. At the Queen Mary Hospital research is being done on the "Radiology of the Biliary Tree" with the full co-operation of the Government Surgical Unit.

the

　　　　96. At the new Tsan Yuk Hospital research "Morphology of the Chinese Female Pelvis" is being conducted in conjunction with the Hong Kong University Obstetrical Department.

Radiotherapeutic Section.

97. This section treated 306 cases in 1955 as compared with 295 in 1954, but saw considerably more follow-up cases. Research in conjunction with the Government Surgical Unit and the University Department of Pathology is being done on the most prevalent cancer in this part of the world, nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Physics Section,

　　　　98. The work of this section increased pari passu with the increase in activities of the Radiodiagnostic and Radio- therapeutic Sections, especially the latter. It consists of the following: -

Carrying out routine measures for the protection of radiological staff against radiation hazards.

Checking and calibration of radiological machines.

3. Assisting the radiotherapists in the planning of

radiation treatment of their patients.

Lecturing to the student radiographers on radio- logical physics. Part of this work is at present undertaken by the University Physics Department pending the appointment of a hospital physicist.

Advising the Government on matters pertaining to the importation and use of radioactive substances and irradiating equipment for medical or industrial purposes in the Colony,

The Workshop.

99. This section is responsible for the maintenance and minor repair of all radiological and physiotherapeutic equip- ment within the sub-department. It also makes many gadgets

and accessory parts for the various machines. By the ingenuity and industry of its staff a considerable saving has been effected.

Ophthalmic Service.

100. The expansion of the sub-department continued during the past year. During 1955, the Government eye clinics dealt with 64,060 attendances for treatment, of which 30,377 were new cases. The Violet Peel Clinic now occupies the whole top floor of the polyclinic giving much needed additional accom- modation. During the year the Kowloon Hospital Out-patient clinic was transferred to the Arran Street, Mongkok, building kindly presented by the Rotary Club. Within half an hour of opening the clinic 93 patients presented themselves for treat- ment and attendances are running at 3,000 per month.

101. Considerable help was received from the Health section in countering two minor epidemics of acute conjunctivitis at the end of the year, especially in getting the public to bring their children promptly for treatment.

102. The number of out-stations visited by teams from the main centres was increased by one (Tsuen Wan) and an im- provised "flying squad" was sent out to three places to operate. upon cataract cases in the New Territories, with excellent results.

103. Some 2,065 operations were performed of the "major or intermediate" type: the majority being carried out in the out-patient theatres of the two main centres. Some 50% of the extractions of cataractous lenses (total 302) were carried out in this method of "office surgery". The rapid turn-over of

दन

New Casualty Reception Centre,

Queen Mary Hospital.

街

New Casualty Block and House Officers' Quarters, Queen Mary Hospital.

די

Central Surgical Supply Service, Queen Mary Hospital.

Radiocobalt Telecurit Therapy Unit, (Cobalt "Bomb"

unit), Queen Mary Hospital.

　　patients continued in the 10 ophthalmic beds available: each bed averaging 30.6 patients per annum.

　　　　104. Sight-testing services could not be further extended to the general public due to lack of personnel. Two sight- testing opticians however refracted school children in two of the school clinics, and three school medical officers were trained as refractionists. The issue of spectacles remained constant at

2,990 per annum.

Dental Service.

　　　105, The Dental Sub-department is organized into two distinct branches providing-

(a) The General Dental Service,

and (b) The School Dental Service.

　　　　106. The General Dental Service is responsible for the treatment of monthly paid Government officers and their families, a commitment which brings an estimated total of over 70,000 persons within this service. This figure will rise with the transfer of large numbers of former daily paid workers on to monthly paid rates. Nine dental officers, one of whom is employed on a temporary basis, were available by the end of the year to operate this service, giving a ratio of 1 dental officer to 8,000 people. This figure should be compared with a ratio in Britain of 1 dental surgeon to 2,300 people; in New Zealand of 1 to 2,600 and in the United States of America of 1 to 1,800. It was inevitable that considerable delays were experienced in providing comprehensive treatment for Government officers and their families due to this heavy commitment and to the small numbers of dental officers available. On Hong Kong island urgent treatment was completed and patients were then placed on a waiting list for the later continuation of less urgent treat- ment. The waiting time rarely fell below eleven months. In Kowloon it was found possible to avoid a waiting list but the two dental officers were unable to offer appointments in under two months except in emergency. The demand for dental treatment continues to rise and has far outstripped the present facilities both of staffing and accommodation.

107. During the year Government officers made 12,414 visits to dental clinics for treatment, whilst families made 10,888, a total of 23,302 visits and an increase of 3,880 over the previous year. 8,680 teeth were filled or crowned and 842 prosthetic appliances were fitted. The ratio of teeth conserved to teeth lost through gross caries or periodontal disease was almost 1 to 1.

108. The General Service, in addition to its treatment of Government officers and families in clinics, is also responsible for the treatment of in-patients of Government Hospitals, and prisoners at Victoria, Stanley and Lai Chi Kok Prisons. A restricted service is also provided for poor people in the urban and rural areas. Special clinics are held for these members of the public; twice a week in both Hong Kong and Kowloon and once a month in Tai Po, Yuen Long, Cheung Chau and Tai O. During the year a total of 15,836 poor persons were seen, 143 of whom had to be admitted to hospital for oral surgery. At these special clinics, treatment is directed solely to the relief of pain and 18,851 teeth were extracted.

The School Dental Service.

109. The number of school children was estimated to be 250,000 and it is calculated that each year a further 25,000 children will become of school age. Of this total, about 50,000 subscribed to the School Health Service. For the dental treat- ment of this large number only 6 dental officers were available by the end of the year, giving a ratio of 1 dental officer to 8,333 children. 24,785 inspections were carried out, and 19,625 children were found to require treatment-79.18% of those inspected. 5,696 fillings were inserted and for every 100 fillings inserted 560 teeth were lost through dental caries which had progressed beyond the point where conservative treatment was possible. These figures are given more realism when compared with the New Zealand figures for school children where for every 100 fillings inserted only 6 teeth are lost through gross dental caries.

110. It is recognized that the service is inadequate. Future participants have had to be limited to 42,000, owing to the

staffing problem, which is under consideration. Several dental clinics were operated by welfare organizations either for their own members or for the poor in their respective vicinities. The Hong Kong Dental Society continued to staff 3 free evening clinics per week in Hong Kong and 1 in Kowloon while the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade despatched a Squad, which included a dental surgeon, to the more remote areas in the New Territories every Sunday, bringing free treatment to poor persons unable to obtain it otherwise.

111. A dental scholarship scheme was introduced in 1954 to ensure that a sufficient number of well qualified dental surgeons will be available to replace the natural losses to the Dentists' Register by retirement or death of the older practitioners in the Colony. In 1955/56, 9 scholarships were awarded. The first year's study is spent in Hong Kong University, the remaining 4 years in the Dental School of the University of Malaya.

Control of Dental Practice.

112. Two dental inspectors were employed on duties in connexion with the control and supervision of private dental practice in the Colony. They regularly inspected premises used, or proposed to be used, by dentists. There were no cases of illegal dental practice during the year.

Out-patient Services.

　　　113. The greatest volume of medical work done in the Colony is handled at the out-patient centres. Because of the shortage of beds many types of cases have to be treated as out-patients which would normally be regarded as in-patient cases.

　　　114. The out-patient services of the Medical Department are conducted by three major general polyclinics, 2 on the island and 1 in Kowloon, 1 specialist polyclinic in Wanchai for chest diseases, physiotherapy and dentistry, 10 dispensaries in the urban area and 12 rural health centres in the New Territories. Many of these smaller dispensaries and rural centres are con- ducted in adapted premises quite unsuitable for the purpose and plans are being formulated progressively to replace them with modern properly designed clinics, which will greatly increase

their efficiency. The first to be so replaced will be the main polyclinic at Sai Ying Pun which is also the main teaching centre for medical students in out-patient practice and for the rebuilding of which the Hong Kong Jockey Club has made a very generous donation. The same generous donor has also provided funds for replacing the rural health centre at Tai Po. The other polyclinic on the island is the Violet Peel polyclinic, at which the main ophthalmic out-patient service on the island operates, in addition to the general out-patient services. Other visiting specialists also conduct special services. The premises are again inadequate and far from convenient for the volume of work done but the clinic is very conveniently situated for the public. The only polyclinic on the mainland is the Kowloon Hospital Out-patient Department which is the most hard pressed of any clinic and at which hundreds of patients have to be turned away daily because of sheer physical inability to handle any more. At all of these clinics and most of the urban dispensaries the medical staff work in shifts from 9 a.m. to midnight. Details of the work done are attached at Appendices 8, 9, 10 and 11.

The Pathological Service.

115. The Government pathology service for the Colony comprises work carried out in the Pathological Institute on the island, and in a subsidiary institute at Kowloon Hospital on the mainland. There are, in addition, 3 small clinical laboratories: 1 at the Queen Mary Hospital, 1 at the Lai Chi Kok Hospital and 1 at the Tsan Yuk Hospital. The Institute's responsibilities also include supervision of the Blood Bank and daily post- mortem examinations in the 2 public mortuaries, Victoria Public Mortuary and Kowloon Public Mortuary. Specimens examined in 1955 numbered 287,823 an increase of 30,730 over the previous year's figures. There has been a steady annual increase since 1946. Serological tests for syphilis alone reached the record figure of 108,807, whilst bacteriological diagnostic work connected with tuberculosis set another record with the figure of 50,584. The VDRL flocculation slide test, the routine test used, continues to be satisfactory. as a confirmatory test in special cases.

The Kahn Test is used There were 11 Friedman

tests and 651 frog tests and 2,015 examinations of an unclassified nature were carried out. These included 15 analyses of anti- biotics for potency. Nasal

Nasal smears

smears for M. leprae: 1,125 examinations gave 426 positive results. 16,490 examinations were made of rat spleen smears for P. pestis, with no positive findings.

　　　116. The following table sets out the growth in the volume. of work done since 1950:

TABLE 9

Annual Number of Specimens Examined

1946

72,799

1947

107,335

1948

LIJL

120,775

1949

128,542

1950

149,259

1951

207,646

1952

214,026

---- 1

1953

239,943

1954

256,593

1955

287,323

117. The vaccines produced in 1955 were:-

Anti-smallpox vaccine

cholera

typhoid-paratyphoid (Adult)

rabic vaccine (2%)

(Children)

(4%)

plague

Rinderpest

Diluted tuberculin

11,184 ml.

102,700

49,970

36,000

83,500

28,150

311,504 ml.

The Public Mortuaries.

118. There are 2 public mortuaries, 1 in Victoria and 1 in Kowloon, both in antiquated premises, that in Kowloon having the additional disadvantage of being located on a main thorough- fare. It is hoped to rebuild it shortly on a more suitable site. At the Victoria Public Mortuary 986 post-mortem examinations were performed, of which 288 were medico-legal, cases, including 73 cases dealt with by the Forensic Pathologists. 19 specimens of post-mortem materials, mostly stomachs and contents were sent to the Government Chemist for toxicological examination. 50 specimens of pathological interest were sent to the Patho- logical Institute for histopathological study and several others were sent to the School of Pathology, Hong Kong University, for teaching purposes. At Kowloon Public Mortuary 3,135 post-mortem examinations were carried out during 1955. This figure includes 362 medico-legal cases, of which 115 were examined by the Forensic Pathologists. 58 specimens of post- mortem material, including stomachs and contents, urine and blood were sent to the Government Chemist for toxicologica! examination. A statistical summary of the work done attached at Appendix 12.

The Forensic Medical Service.

119. To assist the police in investigating the medical aspects of suspected crimes, 2 medical officers with special experience in forensic medicine are seconded to the Police Department. The work falls into 3 categories:-

(a) Forensic

(b) Laboratory

The forensic work covers: -

(a) The examination of victims and suspects connected

with violent and unnatural crimes;

(b) Calls to assist at scenes of crimes especially in

murders and sudden deaths;

(e) Attendance at Court including giving evidence at Coroners' Inquests, Magistrates' Courts, and the Supreme Court;

(d) Medico-legal post-mortems covering both Hong

Kong and Kowloon;

(e) Raids on unregistered medical practitioners, un- registered dentists, sellers of poisons, and manu- facturers of dangerous drugs.

　　　120. The laboratory work deals mainly with examinations of blood and seminal stains, hairs and fibres, weapons and articles connected with crimes. In addition the laboratory staff blood-group all police recruits before they pass out of the Police Training School.

　　　121. Short lectures and demonstrations are given from time to time to police officers at the laboratory showing medico-legal aspects of certain crimes. Lectures are also given to the medical students at the University.

The Chemical Laboratory.

　　　122. The Government Chemical Laboratory carries out analytical and consulting work for Government departments, the Services, and the commercial community. Government work is done free, but for other work fees are charged according to a prescribed tariff.

123. The volume of work dealt with has shown a marked increase over 1954, 30,850 samples being dealt with as against 27,675. The following table shows very briefly the distribution of this work:

TABLE 10

Public Health

Chemico-legal

Commercial

Revenue Control, Narcotics, Strategic

Materials

Miscellaneous Government Work

1954

14,551

1955

13,267

939

966

1,124

791

10,518

701

14,813

855

27,675

30,850

Research.

　124. Several exhibits were examined in connexion with cases of ichthyotoxism and ichthyosarcotoxism after ingestion of the deadly "Kai Po Yue" or "blowfish". The nature of the poison has not been elucidated, nor have chemical tests for it yet been devised. Research into this pressing problem is overdue, and it may be that with the alleviation of the present staff shortage, this work will eventually be undertaken at the Government Laboratory. A considerable amount of agricultural analytic work was done in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. In particular, the spray residue contents of vegetables treated with certain organic phosphorus insecticides were determined.

　125. Aspects of the work of the qualified staff not generally publicized are the frequent appearances in Court as expert witnesses on behalf of the Crown, the ever increasing number of consultations with the Department of Commerce and Industry in connexion with the Importation Exportaton (Specified Articles) Regulations, the regular examination of ships to establish their freedom from explosive vapours, and the visiting of scenes of crimes for the purpose of selecting relevant samples.

Special Ancillary Services.

126. Under this heading are listed those para-medical services without which it would be impossible to run a medical service: the medico-social or almoner service; the pharmaceuti- cal or dispensing service; those special forms of treatment, physiotherapy and occupational therapy; the essential stores and supplies service, which also attends to the maintenance and repair of all the medical equipment and installations; the blood bank and the Auxiliary Medical Service.

The Medico-social Service.

127. This is a most important service that seldom receives adequate notice. Too often the hospital almoner is regarded as a kind of financial detective to make sure no one gets away with paying less for their medical treatment than they can afford. In addition to this duty the function of this group of specially

trained workers is to ascertain what social problems face a patient such as poverty, inadequate privacy, lack of relatives. capable of helping, domestic duties etc., which prevent a patient from carrying out medical instructions properly or which add to his or her burden and often produce disease and nervous breakdown. There has been continued development in this service during the year. The number of patients seen at hospitals and clinics has increased, and the almoners have extended their efforts to understand the social factors of the illness and to take steps to remedy them. The work of the almoners with the tuberculosis service is so closely linked with that of the other staff in the service that their activities are reported in paragraph 50.

　　　128. The special arrangements made possible in the past year by the ready co-operation of the Commissioner for Resettle- ment and his staff, and of the Housing Society, have enabled a number of selected cases to be rehoused, thus discharging from hospital some seriously incapacitated patients who might otherwise never have left the ward, and giving to others the living conditions which their particular condition demands and in which breakdown of health should not occur. The serious nature of many of the accident cases received through the casualty departments makes the planning of their rehabilitation a lengthy matter, often involving prolonged negotiations over the financial compensation on which they and their families must depend for maintenance or re-establishment.

　　　129. More use has been made in the past year of free foods, both as a means of meeting nutritional deficiencies, and as assistance for a patient or his family in a short period of in- capacity and consequent loss of income. This has been made possible by the gift parcels donated by the United States of America as well as milk powder from the United Nations Inter- national Children's Emergency Fund.

The Pharmaceutical Service.

Chief

130. This service, under the direction of the Pharmacist, is responsible for the purchase of bulk supplies of

pharmaceuticals, dressings, surgical instruments and the production of medicinal preparations for use in the various institutions. The Chief Pharmacist also has certain legal responsibilities in connexion with the control of narcotics and dangerous drugs in the Colony. This sub-department also undertakes the training of local personnel in dispensing.

131. Careful supervision of the import and movements of dangerous drugs in the Colony continues to be maintained and routine inspections of all premises where poisons and antibiotics are handled are undertaken. The number of licences issued in respect of poisons and antibiotics continues to show a downward trend. Comparative figures for 1954 and 1955 are:-

1954

1955

Wholesale Dealers' Licences

429

333

Listed Sellers' Licences

238

229

Licences issued to Authorized Premises

(Pharmacies)

Anti-biotic Permits

194

183

Restricted Anti-biotic Permits

Premises inspected

1,092 1,159

Physiotherapy.

132. This sub-department endeavours to teach patients who are seriously crippled or handicapped by injury or disease how best to overcome their handicap and fit them to lead useful lives. The work is seriously handicapped itself by reasons of in- adequate premises and equipment and the volume of work requiring attention far exceeds the physical capacity of the existing staff.

133. Physiotherapy treatment is given in Queen Mary Hospital, Wanchai Polyclinic, Kowloon Hospital and Lai Chi Kok Hospital. The demands of these units vary and cannot be compared. Treatment of in-patients only is carried out at Queen Mary Hospital and the patients are transferred, on discharge, to Wanchai Polyclinic which deals with all the out-

　patients on the Island. Patients from Sai Ying Pun Hospital, the Tung Wah Hospitals and the Mental Hospital are also treated here as soon as they are fit to be moved. There are occasions when the physiotherapist has to visit these hospitals if the patients are not fit enough to come to the out-patient department. The Kowloon department deals with all patients on the Mainland. Cases treated in Lai Chi Kok Hospital are mainly orthopaedic and tuberculosis chest cases who have had major chest surgery. In addition the fever block with its poliomyelitis, tuberculous meningitis and tetanus cases calls for constant attention. A hydrotherapy tank which has recently been installed has assisted greatly in these cases.

　　　134. There has been an increase in the number of cases of hemiplegias treated. These can usually be grouped into children, where 90% of the cases are a result of tuberculous meningitis, and adults. The majority of these cases are treated by hydrotherapy and re-education exercises. An adult class has been started at Wanchai Polyclinic in order to teach these patients how to become physically independent by such means as walking unaided, dressing and feeding themselves.

　　　185. Classes for ante-natal exercises are held at Kowloon and are followed by routine post-natal exercises. These classes are given to the 1st and 2nd class patients only as the 3rd class patients consist mainly of working women who cannot attend the ante-natal classes, and because of the good condition of their muscles post-natal work is usually unnecessary.

Occupational Therapy.

136. This form of therapy is comparatively new in Hong Kong and the possibilities and advantages of it have as yet not been adequately recognized outside of the Mental Hospital where it has long been recognized as a most useful form of treatment. Facilities and space are as yet so limited as to make the work difficult and discouraging. Nevertheless, very gratifying results have been obtained. Occupational therapy was given to selected patients at the Queen Mary Hospital, Lai Chi Kok and the Mental Hospital.

137. The exhibition and sale of work at the Chinese Manu- facturers' Union exhibition on December 4th and 5th, proved very satisfactory and gave an indication of the type of goods in demand by the general public.

138. An incentive payment scheme has been in operation for six months. In Lai Chi Kok and Queen Mary Hospitals patients making articles to fulfil Government or private orders, or for a sale of work, are paid approximately 10% of the saleable value of the article. In the Mental Hospital, patients working in the hospital or making articles in the occupational therapy classes are credited with a small sum. This money is mainly used to provide parties, film shows, or other forms of entertainment, or occasionally, for payment to individual patients.

139. The Red Cross very kindly gave 330 Chinese books to start a library and this has been running satisfactorily for six months. They also provided text books for the English classes and earlier in the year some voluntary workers who did excellent work, particularly in teaching English.

Blood Banks.

140. There are no major changes to report in the facilities offered by the blood transfusion service. Again the greatest difficulty has been shortage of blood and demand far exceeded supply, but continual effort was made to solve this problem. An increase of 3% in Chinese donors was noted. There was also close co-operation with the Armed Services, in particular between the Kowloon Hospital blood bank and the 33rd General Hospital. During the last year the number of special examina- tions connected with the Rh factor increased by more than 100%.

141. Further accessories were obtained for the plasma drying unit in Queen Mary Hospital. A trial run was conducted in December: 4 pints of plasma, which were clinically satis- factory, were manufactured. At the present time shortage of the requisite blood groups precludes the economic manufacture of dried plasma.

Stores and Equipment.

142. Manufacture of special items of surgical furniture continues within the department with very great saving of public money. The staff concerned dealt with 1,346 internal repair items during the year and in addition repaired, faired and sharpened hundreds of surgical instruments, needles, etc. In addition they have made many items of surgical furniture such as Mayo tables, oxygen cylinder trolleys, physiotherapy remedial equipment, anaesthetic trolleys, metal shelves for operating theatres etc. A few items of equipment have been specially designed during the year. These include a special wheeled toilet chair, elbow crutches, and special alloy calipers.

Auxiliary Medical Service.

　　　　143. The Auxiliary Medical Service is set up under the provisions of the Essential Services Corps Ordinance to supple- ment the normal medical services in the event of an emergency, but it is to a large extent autonomous, the Director of Medical and Health Services exercising, in respect of the Service, the functions of Unit Controller. It is not intended that the Service should operate as an independent unit but that it should be integrated into the regular medical service, whose members, for administrative purposes, are eligible to become members of the Auxiliary Medical Service. During the year recruitment con- tinued satisfactorily.

　　　　144. Initial training for new recruits consists of a series of lectures in basic first-aid and basic auxiliary dressing, and the more promising members are selected for ward and theatre auxiliary dressers' courses which are held in Government Hospitals on a full time basis of 4 to 8 days duration, followed by refresher courses. During the month of May, a small train- ing ward was built as an extension to "D" Block, Kowloon Hospital, and a series of refresher courses have been held for auxiliary dressers. Clerk 'telephonists of First Aid Posts, after receiving initial training, were exercised in message writing, and ambulance drivers received an average of 15 hours driving instruction during the year. The staff of First Aid Posts took

part in zonal exercises in conjunction with the Civil Aid Services, and a Colony-wide exercise employing all auxiliary units was held during the month of December.

145. During the year it was found possible to increase the number of beds that would be provided in an emergency. Exhaust fans and emergency generators were installed in all tunnels and institutions as required.

146. Lt.-Colonel C. G. Butcher, Secretary of the Cabinet Civil Defence Planning Committee in the United Kingdom, visited the Auxiliary Medical Service and the system of training was explained to him by the Unit Controller.

Medical Examination Board.

147. During the year the Medical Examination Board continued its work of examining candidates for Government employment, Government officers for promotion and transfer, and members and recruits for Auxiliary Defence Units.

148. The total number of persons examined during 1955 was 12,297. This represents an increase of 2,669 over the 1954 figure. Detailed figures of the examinations carried out are shown in the following table:

TABLE 11

A. New Cases examined in 1955:

1. Government candidates

2. Auxiliary Defence Units

Miscellaneous

г.

5,365

4,085

156

Re-examinations in 1955:

Government candidates

2. Auxiliary Defence Units

1,431

1,258

Miscellaneous

Grand total

12,297

149. Clerical difficulties have so far prevented an exact analysis of causes of rejection, though the percentage of candidates rejected for certain posts, e.g. Police Constable, is considerably higher than for certain others, e.g. Clerk. The main overall cause of rejection however is pulmonary tuber- culosis, and since December, 1955, an exact record of the number of candidates referred to the Tuberculosis Specialist, and found by him to be suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, has been kept. In the period January-March, 1956 (which is the only period for which these statistics are available), 3,352 persons came before the Board, 312 were referred to the Tuberculosis. Specialist, 223 were found by him to be unfit because of pulmonary tuberculosis, 7 had other pulmonary disease necessitating rejection, while in the case of 30 others, either their results are not yet to hand, or they have failed to attend the Chest Clinic. Over 80% of all cases referred to the Chest Clinic were found to be unfit, while 6.6% of all cases coming before the Board were rejected because of pulmonary tuber- culosis.

V. TRAINING PROGRAMME

Liaison with the University.

150. The Medical Department continues to co-operate closely with Hong Kong University in the training of medical students. As already stated the Queen Mary Hospital, the Tsan Yuk Hospital and the Sai Ying Pun out-patient department constitute the main centres for clinical study and experience for medical students attending the University. Many members of the staff of the Government Medical Department act as part-time lecturers to the medical students and during the year the Director of Medical and Health Services continued in his appointment as part-time Professor of Social Medicine. After qualification, graduates of the Medical School are required to do one year's post-graduate work under supervision as a pre- requisite to registration and many posts of House Officer are made available in various Government Hospitals approved by the University for this purpose. Problems arising in the teaching hospitals are dealt with by a Co-ordinating Committee

on which the Professorial staff of the University Medical Faculty sit with senior officers and specialists of the Medical Department.

Nursing Training.

151. An important part of the work of the Medical Depart- ment is the training of nurses (male and female) and midwives. The major nursing training schools are attached to the Queen Mary Hospital and the Kowloon Hospital while the main school for training midwives is the Tsan Yuk Hospital. Excellent schools of nursing are also provided at the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals and the Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, institutions independently run but largely assisted by Government, and the Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, a private institution. Owing to the gradual increase in the nursing establishment over the past few years, particularly as a result of recruitment with a view to training staff for the projected new Kowloon Hospital, a greater number of nurses are graduating each year.

Health Visitors.

152. During 1955 the first officially recognized course of training qualifying for the Health Visitors' Certificate of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health was successfully conducted and concluded. The 9

The 9 candidates

candidates passed the examination. The successful candidates have now been posted to supervisory posts in the Health Nursing Service and the second course has begun and is being attended by 10 specially selected candidates. The school is conducted at the Harcourt Health Centre but for practical experience candidates are attached for limited periods to all of the health services operated by the department. The lectures are given not only by members. of the Medical Department, but also by officers of the Colonial Secretariat, the Social Welfare Office, the Legal Department and the Labour Department and visits of inspection are paid to numerous institutions and factories to study welfare work.

Technical Training.

153. In addition to training nurses, the Medical Department also trains technical assistants in pharmacy, radiography, laboratory techniques, physiotherapy and in medico-social work.

Sai Kung Clinic and Maternity Home.

Maurine Grantham Health Centre, Tsuen Wan.

5. BES

子子

Incubator in Maurine Grantham Health Centre, Tsuen Wan,

Ward in Maurine Grantham Health Centre, Tsuen Wan.

　　　154. The following table lists the work done in this field during 1955:

Probationer Assistant Physiotherapist

Probationer Radiographic Assistant....

Probationer Dispenser.

Probationer Laboratory Assistant

Probationer Assistant Almoner..

Probationer Nurse.

Probationer Dresser,

Pupil Midwife..

Health Visitor

TABLE 12

Appointment Resignation

Strength at 31.3.56

146

Fellowships and Scholarships.

　　　155. In addition to local training, Government provides financial assistance to certain selected persons to take special courses of study abroad and permits certain other officers who so desire to proceed abroad for courses of study at their own expense. This is augmented by the Sino-British Fellowship Trust Funds administered by the British Council and also by the grant of fellowships and scholarships from the World Health Organization.

　　　156. The following table sets out the nature of the appoint- ment and the courses of study of the officers sent abroad for special study during the year:

Appointment

Medical Officer....

Medical Officer.

Medical Officer....

Medical Officer..

TABLE 13

Course of Study

Source of Funds

Thoracic Surgery

Anaesthesia

Maternity & Child Health

Diploma of Public Health

W. H. O.

V. H. 0.

Government Funda

Government Fonds

Appointment

TABLE 13-Contd.

Course of Study

Assistant Medical Officer.... Diploma of Psychiatric

Medicine

Assistant Medical Officer.... Diploma of Public Health

Nursing Sister

I ILI - J -- LJILLJJLJ

Nurse...

Nurse

Almoner....

Certificate of Pediatric Nursing

Certificate of Pediatric Nursing Certificate of Pediatric Nursing

Midwifery Tutor's Diploma

Mental Nursing

ILL➖➖

Almoner's Training

Source of Funds

X. H. O.

W. H. O.

No Pay Leave

W. H. O.

Sino-British Fellowship

Trust Fund

W. H. O.

Sino-British Fellowship

Trust Fund

Government Funds

Almoner........

Social aspect of present methods. W. H. O,

of treating and re-habilitating

the tuberculous

Woman Mental Nurse

Mental Nursing

Government Funds

Senior Dreaser

Mental Nursing

Government Funds

Dresser

Mental Nursing

Government Funds

Dresser

ז-ו-ווזי ו י י

Mental Nursing

Government Funds

Radiographer

Therapeutic Radiography

Government Funds

Pathological Laboratory

Technician

Medical Laboratory Technology

Government Funds

Liaison with International Organizations.

157. Close liaison continued to be maintained with the epidemiological station at Singapore

　　　　　　　　　　　　at Singapore in the exchange of epidemiological information for countries in the South East Asia and Western Pacific areas.

158. The Department maintained a very close relationship with the Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization in Manila. The Director and his advisers visited

Hong Kong from time to time for discussions with the Depart- ment on World Health Organization projects and fellowships. During the year consultants on the following subjects visited Hong Kong:

Maternal and Child Health,

Nursing,

Malaria,

Dental Health,

Child Guidance.

VI. BUILDING PROGRAMME

New Buildings opened during the year.

159. During the year work was completed on the following new institutions which were opened and are now in full operation: --

(a) The new Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital;

(b) The new Sai Kung Clinic and Maternity Home; (c) Extension to the Maurine Grantham Health Centre

at Tsuen Wan;

(d) The new nurses' quarters and preliminary training

school at the Queen Mary Hospital;

(e) The new Casualty Block and House Officers'

Quarters also at the Queen Mary Hospital;

(f) The School Clinic at Sai Yee Street, attached to

the Queen Elizabeth School;

(9) A training ward for Auxiliary Medical Service

personnel at Kowloon Hospital.

　　　160. Site preparation and the building of a new Maternal and Child Welfare Centre began at Homantin during the year and the clinic is expected to be opened early in the next financial year. Site preparation has been undertaken for the new Mental Hospital at Castle Peak.

　161. The transfer of the ophthalmic clinic from the Kowloon Hospital out-patients' department to the premises in Arran Street donated by the Rotary Club enabled the facilities at Kowloon Hospital out-patients' department to be improved by the provision of 2 additional consulting rooms, a dental surgery and a gynaecological clinic,

　162. Certain alterations and redecoration have been under- taken at the following institutions:

(a) Shaukiwan Public Dispensary;

(b) Arran Street Ophthalmic Clinic;

　163. Work is proceeding on the detailed planning of the new Kowloon Hospital and also on the new Sai Ying Pun Polyclinic, funds for the latter having generously been donated by the Hong Kong Jockey Club. Progress has also been made on the plans for a new out-patient clinic and Tuberculosis Centre at Shek Kip Mei, funds for the dispensary and general clinic having been provided by the Kai Fong. During the year work also continued on the planning of the new general out-patient clinics and maternity homes at Tai Po and Yuen Long.

VII. VITAL STATISTICS

　164. The registration of births and deaths is compulsory under the Births and Deaths Registration Ordinance, the Director of Medical and Health Services being the Registrar of Births and Deaths. A central general registry is situated in the centre of Victoria and a number of district registries are dispersed throughout the Colony for the convenience of the public generally. In certain outlying rural and island areas the local police stations act as local registries and transmit reports to the general registry.

　165. During 1955 90,511 births were registered as compared with 83,317 in 1954. Taking the estimated mid-year population

of 2,340,000, this gives the crude birth rate of 38.7 per thousand of population as compared with the rate in 1954 of 36.6 per thousand.

166. There was a further slight drop in the actual number of infants dying under the age of 1 year, 6,012 deaths of infants having been registered as against 6,028 in 1954, but, because of the large increase in the actual number of births registered the infant mortality rate shows a further reduction to 66.4 per thousand live births as compared with a rate of 72.4 per thousand live births in the previous year,-a very gratifying reduction. As was noted in the report for 1954-55, the number of infant deaths in Hong Kong always approximates one third of the total deaths from all causes. In 1955, the deaths of infants under 1 year of age constituted 31.5% of all deaths from all causes as compared with 31.3% in 1954. This ratio of infant deaths to total mortality has been remarkably consistent for many years in fact so long as records have been kept.

　　　167. The following table sets out the figures of infant and neo-natal mortality in detail:

TABLE 14

Age Period

1953

1954

1955

0-1 day

1-7 days

1-4 weeks

JILIJ

4 weeks--3 months

36 months

6-9 months

H-

9 12 months.

278

199

224

795

803

989

875

1,048

882

1,115

1.179

1.148

823

1,112

1,121

879

991

957

795

696

LILL.

691

Total under 1 year

Infant Mortality rate.......

No. of deaths under 4 weeks

5,560

6,028

6,012

73.6

72.4

66.4

1,948

2.050

2,095

Neo-natal Mortality rate

25.8

24.6

23.1

168. Deaths registered in 1955 numbered 19,080, 203 less than the total number of deaths registered in 1954. These figures give a crude death rate of 8.2 per thousand of population for 1955 as against a crude death rate of 8.5 per thousand in 1954. A death rate of 8.2 per thousand is phenomenally low for any population but until the exact population can be ascertained by census, it is impossible to give any satisfactory explanation.

169. Details of the principal causes of mortality are set out in the following table:-

Causes of Death

TABLE 15

Number of deaths

1953

1954

1955

Malignant neoplasma

952

1,000

1,190

Gastro-enteritis and colitis

2,649

2,690

2,264

Pneumonia (all forms).

3,696

3,837

3,821

Premature births

876

921

912

Tuberculosis of respiratory system.

1,974

2,052

1,925

Tuberculosis (other forms)...

965

824

885

170. There has been a slight drop in maternal mortality, the rate for 1955 being 1.16 per thousand deliveries as compared with a rate of 1.24 per thousand deliveries in 1954. There has been, however, an increase in the number of deaths due to toxaemia of pregnancy, 48 deaths being ascribed to this cause in 1955 as against 38 in 1954. The rate per thousand births of deaths from toxaemia of pregnancy for the last three years shows slow but steady increase. In 1953, 25 deaths were recorded and a rate of 0.3 per thousand births. In 1954, 38 deaths were due to toxaemia of pregnancy, giving a rate of 0.4 per thousand births, and in 1955, 48, giving a rate of 0.5

per thousand of births. The following table sets out the maternal mortality figures for the years 1953-1955 in detail :·

TABLE 16

Deaths associated with

Abortion

Total

Year

Live Births

Sull Birtha

Izrgnápcy ánd Chill bearing

Maternal Mortality Rate

Live and

Still Births

Rate

Rule

Rate

No. of deathe

per 1,000 births

No. of deaths

рег

No. of per

1,000

deaths

1,000

births

birthe

1953

LJ-

75.544

1,158

76,702

0.96

0.01 75

0.97

1954

83.317

1,341

84,658 102

1.20

0.04

105

1.24

1955

90.511

MUT---

1,250 91.761 104 1.13

3 0.03

107 1.16

171. Provision is made in the Ordinance for the post registration of births. It has recently been ascertained that at least some 3% of known births are not registered within the first year of life. The majority of these are probably registered later under the provision mentioned above, but the statistical implication is that the number of births registered is not an accurate index of the actual number of children born in any one year. Indeed it has now been ascertained that quite an appreciable number of births are probably never registered and there is some reason to suspect that a certain number of deaths in the remoter rural areas, particularly of young children, are not registered also. These facts are disturbing but until it is possible to make a complete census of the population and provide more facilities for registration and stricter supervision, it will be impossible to produce accurate vital statistics for the Colony.

K. C. YEO,

Director of Medical & Health Services.

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FUND

Statement of Receipts and Payments for the year ending 31st March, 1956

Description

Amount

Description

Amount

RECEIPTS

PAYMENTS

To Balance brought forward (on deposit with

Treasury)

4.327.84

By Travelling expenses for voluntary workers

- - - - - -

Sales of rattan articles and materials

12,627.00

Honoraria to voluntary workers

110.00

Purchase of materials, games & sports

10,509,14

Incentive payments

1,009.60

3,600.00

Balance carried forward:

on deposit with Treasury. rash in hand

$1,139.42

586.68

1,726.10

16,954.84

Certified Correct.

(Sgd.) T. AGAFUROFF,

p. Director of Medical and Health Services.

12th July, 1956.

(Sgd.) M. M. SWAN,

Secretary, Occupational Therapy Committee. 12th July, 1956.

The above statement has been examined in accordance with Condition 7 of the Schedule to Legis- lative Council Resolution dated 24th May, 1950 (G.N.A. 114 of 26th June, 1950). I have obtained all the information and explanations that I have required, and I certify, as a result of this audit, that in my opinion the statement is correct.

19th July, 1956.

(Sgd.) F. E, L. CARTER, Director of Audit.

16,954,84

SAMARITAN FUND

Statement of Receipts and Payments for the year ending 31st March, 1956

Description

RECEIPTS

Amount

Description

Amount

PAYMENTS

To Balance brought forward

Donations...

20,406.83

2,389.90

By Providing maintenance, capital grants, clothing, food, travelling expenses

etc. to patients

ILJ IJL-IIL-JILJ

-----------

10,957.35

W. & O. Pensions (Mrs. Li Shuk Hing, widow of late Mr. Chan Nai Teo, who is an inmate in Mental Hospital)

Balance of pensions and other

monies held on behalf of

581.88

various patients

Balance carried forward

$ 1,546.82

$10,874.44

12.421.26

23,378.61

23,375.61

Certified correct.

(Sgd.) 1. AGAFUROFF,

Director of Medical & Health Services.

18th June, 1956.

(Sgd.) MAURA BENHAM,

Principal Almoner. Medical Department. 18th June, 1956.

The above statement has been examined in accordance with Condition 6 of the Schedule to Legislative Council Resolution dated 24th May, 1950 (G.N.A. 113 of 26th May, 1950). I have obtained all the information and explanations that I have required, and I certify, as a result of this audit, that in my opinion the statement is correct.

19th July, 1956.

(Sgd.) F. E, L. CARTER, Director of Audit.

NURSES REWARDS AND FINES FUND

Statement of Receipts and Payments for the year ending 31st March, 1956

Description

Amount

Description

Amount

RECEIPTS

PAYMENTS

To Balance brought forward

2,053.82

Forfeiture of deposits from Misses Aliena Lee, Stella Ng, Alice Cheng, Stella Chen, Sophia Su, Josephine Wong and Nancy Ho

By Advance for purchase of prizes for Nurses and Dressers, and cost of frames, photographs etc.

600.00

Balance carried forward

2,853.82

1,400.00

Certified correct.

3,453.82

(Sgd.) I. AGAFUROFF,

p. Director of Medical & Health Services.

18th June, 1956,

(Sgd.) M. L. EVERETT,

Principal Matron, Medical Department. 18th June, 1956.

The above statement has been examined in accordance with Condition 5 of the Schedule to Legislative Council Resolution dated 24th May, 1950 (G.N.A. 115 of 26th May, 1950). I have obtained all the information and explanations that I have required, and I certify, as a result of this audit, that in iny opinion the statement is correct.

19th July, 1956.

(Sgd.) F. E. L. CARTER, Director of Audit.

COLONY OF HONG MEDICAL FACILITIES

D***

CASTLE

PEAK

CHINESE

TERRITORY

ISAN HUI DISPENSARY

POR DI

HOSP.

KAM

TIN

YUEN LONG

DISPENSARY.

SHA TAU KON DISPENSARE

TA KU LING

LOK MA CHAU

SHEUNG

SHU

HTLE DISPENSARY

FAN LING

TAI PO

DISPENSARY

NEW TERRITORIES

HAURINE GRANTHAM HEALTH CENTRE

SHATIN

SAI KUNG, DISPENSARY/Z

MATERNITY HOME,

SILVER MINE BAY. DISPENSARY

३०

TALO

LANTAO

DISPENSARY

HAY LING CHAU

LEPER SETTLEMENT

EUNG

PCHEUNG CHAU

ST. JOHN HOSPITAL

WONG

KONG

{ter Japorate Map)

HONG KONG

ISLAND

MEDICAL

TIES

LING TUET SIN INFANTS' HOSPITAL

1 TSAN YUK HOSPITAL

3 MENTAL HOSPITAL

+25

HONG KONG

4 TAIWO HOSPITAL

$ SALYING PUN HOSPITAL & OUT-PATIENT DEPT.

4 TUNG WAH HOSPITAL

7 ALICE HO HIU LING NETHERSOLE HOSPITAL

PORT HEALTH INOCULATION CENTRE

9 CENTRAL PUBLIC DISPENSARY

10 POLICE MEDICAL POST

H. K. FAMILIES CLINIC

12 STATUE SQUARE INOCULATION CENTRE

H. K. CENTRAL HOSPITAL

IS ST. FRANCIS HOSPITAL

14 MILITARY HOSPITAL

16 VIOLET PEEL POLYCUNIC

17 EASTERN DISPENSARY MATERNITY HOSPITAL

IB KUTTONJEE SANATORIUM

19 WANCHAI SOCIAL HYGIENE HOSPITAL

HARCOURT HEALTH CENTRE

21 ST. PAUL'S HOSPITAL

22 ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE CENTRE

TUNG WAH EASTERN HOSPITAL

24 H, K. SANATORIUM & HOSPITAL 25 NAVAL HOSPITAL

26 MATILDA HOSPITAL

27 QUEEN MARY HOSPITAL

ABERDEEN PUBLIC DISPENSARY

29 SHAUKIAN PUBLIC DISPENSARY

30 STANLEY DISPENSARY ↑ MATERNITY HOME

31 STANLEY PRISON HOSPITAL

32 NORTH POINT MATERNAL ■ CHILD HEALTH CENTRE

33. CHAIWAN MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTRE

DE WAN CHAI CLINIC

LAI CHI KOK HOSPITAL

FEMALE PRISON HOSPITAL

PRECIOUS BLOOD HOSPITAL

SHAM SHUI PO PUBLIC DISPENSARY

5 MONGKOK CLINIC

MILITARY HOSPITAL

LI KEE MEMORIAL DISPENSARY

KOWLOON PENINSULA MEDICAL FACILITIES

8 ST. TERESA'S HOSPITAL

KOWLOON HOSPITAL & OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT KOWLOON CHEST CLINIC

11 KWONG WAH HOSPITAL

12 YAUMATI PUBLIC DISPENSARY HUNG HOM PUBLIC DISPENSARY

TSIM SHA TSUI HEALTH CENTRE

15 ASHLEY ROAD SOCIAL HYGIENE CLINIC

16 KOWLOON POLICE MEDICAL POST

KOWLOON-CANTON RAILWAY STAFF CLINIC

18 NGAU TAU KOK MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTRE

19 GOVERNMENT OPHTHALMIC CLINIC-ARRAN STREET

Hong Hom

KOWLOON BAY

APPENDIX 1

Establishment of the Medical Department as at 31.3.1956

Director of Medical and Health Services

Deputy Director of Medical and Health Services Assistant Director of Medical Services Assistant Director of Health Services Senior Medical Officer

··

Senior Health Officer Medical Specialist

Surgical Specialist

Radiological Specialist

Dental Specialist

Social Hygiene Specialist

Tuberculosis Specialist

Gynaecological and Obstetrical Specialist

Ophthalmic Specialist

Psychiatric Specialist

Anaesthetic Specialist

Government Pathologist

г.

Chief Port Health Officer

Malariologist

ייייוייו זו-- יי--

гот г. . . .

Medical Officers, Assistant Medical Officers, Women Medical Officers,

Assistant Women Medical Officers and House Officers Dental Surgeons and Assistant Dental Surgeons

Pathologists

Radiologists

Government Chemist

Chemists and Assistant Chemists

Principal Matron

Nursing Staff

Principal Almoner

Almoners and Assistant Almoners

Executive Officers

Clerical Staff

J +

244

...

· ·

866

LIJ LI

Chief Pharmacist, Pharmacists, Dispensers, and Dispensary Super-

visors

Superintendent Radiographer, Senior Radiographers, Radio-

graphers, and Radiographic Assistants

TIITI

-----------

Superintendent Physiotherapist, Physiotherapists, and Assistant

Physiotherapists

Physicist

Occupational Therapists

Chief Laboratory Technician, Laboratory Technician, and

Laboratory Assistants

Chief Hospital Secretary and Hospital Secretaries

Health Inspectors and Malaria Inspectors

Dietitians

Public Vaccinators

Other Staff

TOTAL

1 23

201

2 9-~ SER

2,128

3,746

Disease

APPENDIX 2

Infectious Diseases Notifications and Deaths

1954 and 1955

No. of Notifications

No. of Deaths

1954

1955

1954

1953

Amoebiasis

236

LLLLL

210

Bacillary Dysentery

535

524

Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis ....

Chickenpox

233

380

Cholera

Diphtheria

Enteric fever

*Malaria

---------10-

1,104

840

116

1,099

735

858

431

597

TITI

543

126

Measles

Plague

Poliomyelitis.

Puerperal fever

Rabies-hunian

animal

Relapsing fever

Scarlet fever.....

Smallpox

Tuberculosis

Typhus

Whooping Cough

гт г г |

Yellow fever .......

切

12,508

14,148

2,876

2,810

130

213

Corrected Notifications.

† Non-louse horne.

1 1

APPENDIX 3

Composite table to show incidence of Venereal Disease in Hong Kong

and work done by Social Hygiene Sub-department

1952

1953

1954

1955

New Cases...

23,565

37,392

36,652

34,853

Total Attendances

...

149,237

213,091

223,031

203,701

Admissions to Elospital

1,106

741 ·

588

704

Total Syphilis (except Congenital)...

3,216

6,969

6,825

4.232

Primary Syphilis

672

634

393

153

Secondary Syphilis

180

132

Early Latent Syphilis

882

2,298

2,209

1,044

Late Latent Syphilis

1,275

3,727

3.983

2,853

111

Congenital Syphilis (under 1 year)

-- г- г

Congenital Syphilis (over 1 year)

Gonorrhoea

8,546

11,625

10,785

11,309

Chancroid

2,400

2,507

2,365

2,468

Lymphogranuloma Venereum.. Non Venereal Disease

11!

208

286

249

6,596

13,616

14,526

14,788

APPENDIX 4

HEALTH EDUCATION

Health Teaching by Maternal and Child Health Staff

Home visits by Health Nurses

--------JLI I■

22,487

Group Health Education at Centres:-

Methods Used

1. Simple Talks

Group Discussions

No. of Sessions

2,691

1,099

934

720

2,864

121

210

218,896

Mothercraft training

Demonstrations

5. Film shows

6. Flannelgraph teaching

7. Audience participation classes

8. Other methods

Total numbers attending

Government Hospitals:

Queen Mary Hospital

Kowloon Hospital

Mental Hospital

Sai Ying Pun Hospital

Tran Yuk Hospital

Lai Chi Kok Hospital

Eastern Maternity Hospital

Wanchai Sorial Hygiene Hospital.

S1. John Hospital

Stanley Prison Hospital.

Lai Chi Kok Female Prison Hospital

APPENDIX 5

Number of Hospital Beds in Hong Kong-1955

Medical

Surgical

Tuber. Gymer-

logical

Mental

cutosis

Maler-

mity

Infections

Observa

tion

Miscel-

Total

207

215

103.

THE

}

י.

1:10

200

137

208

ཎྜཱ།

41 |

{

2 vote

369

-483

345

1.4L

319

228

1 cots

4 cradles

593

245

-L

140

200

182

T ין

102

נוי

1.983

Grant-In-Aid Hospital:

Tang Wah Hospital

195

116

134

Tung Wah Eastern Hospital...........

169

Kwong Wah Hospital..

14000

138

Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole

Flospital

The Hongkong Anti-T.B. Assoria-

tion, Buttonjce Sunatorium

230

Pok Di Hospital

-95

(20

3-10

256

230

Hayling Island Leprosarium..........

150$

1350

500

509

275

99.

196

276

500

1.280

Private Hospitals:

APPENDIX 5-Contd.

Medicai

Surgical

Cynueco- Tuber- logical thesia

Mater-

Infec

Mental

nity

Lione

Observa- Miscel- tion

Total

laneous

Hongkong Sanatorim & Hospital...

17598

Tai Wo Hospital

Precious Blood Hospital

St. Teresa's Hospital

{

37**

St. Francis Hospital

St. Paul's Hospital

300

The Hongkong Central Hospital

Ling Yuet Sin Infants' Hospital

102

Matilde & War Memorial Hospital.;

525

141

154

243

ING

18++

172

}

125

归

120

1,008

Government Hospitals

769

483

345

1.11

319

228

1,983

Grant-In-Aid Hospitals

500

275

496

276

500

2,280

Private Hospitals

525

141

15-1

120

]悲

1,008

GRAND TOTAL

1,463

899

197

995

141

715

761

5,271

Including & beds for Auxiliary Medical Service training.

+ Beds included in the new Casualty wards.

# Including 17 Private ward beda (useil for either Medical or Surgical as required).

§ 150 bede will be increased by the end of the year 1955.

$$ Including beds for surgical & gynaecological enses.

Private rooms.

†† Baby wards.

‡‡ Including beds for gynderulogical casts.

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

Liel

Number

Cause Groups

Govern

APPENDIX 6

In-patients treated in Government and Government Assisted Hospitals, 1955

Classified according to International Standard Classification Intermediate List of 150 Causes

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

Govern.

mcal

ment

Govern-

meal

Govern-

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Hospital

Assisted

Hospitals

Malc

Female

Sex Un

knowu

Tots!

A 1

001 - 008

A 2

010

Tuberculosis of respiratory system Tuberculosis of meninges and

1,433 2,923

1,110

1,313

612

1,925

A 3

011

central nervous systein Tuberculosis of intestines, peri-

133

794

518

327 303

630

012-013

A 5

014-019

toneum and mesenteric glands. Tuberculosis of bones and joints... Tuberculosis, all other forms

130

104

145

174

À 6

020

Congenital syphilis.

A 7

021

Early Syphilis.

A 8

024

Tabes dorsalis.

朝

...

025

General paralysis of insane

----- - -- -

A 10

022, 023

All other syphilis

150

026 - 029

A 11

030-035

Gonococcal infections.

192

A 12

A 13

040

Typhoid fever......

395

188

041 042

Paratyphoid fever and other

Salmonella infections

A 14

043

Cholera..

A 15

044

Brucellosis (undulant fever)

A 16 (4)

045

Bacillary dysentery

296

LUS

¡ | │

- -

! |

(6)

046

Amoebiasis

135

-----

(c)

047, 048 Other unspecified forms of

A 17

050

dysentery Scarlet fever

Carried forward.

3,220

*4,378

160

1,779 1,890 1,098

2,988

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

mcat

Hospitals

mcm1

Assisted

Hospitals

Govern.

Govern

Bient

Hospitals

Govern-

ነዚ

Assisted

Hospitals

Whole Colony

Male Female

Sex Co.

known

Total

Brought foricard.

3.220 4,378

160

1,779

1,890 1,098

2,988

A 18

051

Streptococcal sore throat

LILLILILJ

A 19

052

Erysipelas

]

A 20

053

Septicaemia and pyaemia.

י..

A 21

055

Diphtheria

834

г го тг.

A 22

056

Whooping cough

A 23

057

Meningococcal infections

A 2.1

058

Plague

A 25

060

Leprosy

A 26

061

Tetanus

דנון

A 27

062

Anthrax

A 28

080

Acute poliomyelitis

➖ ➖ ➖ ➖➖

SISS

472

│ │

-T

A 29

082

A 30

081, 083

Acute infectious encephalitis

Late effects of acute poliomyelitis

and acute infectious encephalitis

A 31

084

Smallpox

A 32

085

Measles....

-- L

A 33

091

Yellow fever

A 34

092

Infectious hepatitis

A 35

094

Rabies

170

:15

A 36 (x)

(68)

100

Louse borne epidemic typhus

LOF

390

104

105

A 37 (4)

102, 103

106-108

110

Fles-borne epidemic typhus

(murine)

Tick-borne epidemic typhus. Mite-borne typhus

Other and unspecified typhus

Vivax malaria (benign tertian)

Carried forward..

г. .

4,551

4,954

]

353

1,825

2,079 1,226

3,305

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

meat

Hospitals

Govern-

Incat

Assisted

Hospital

Govern.

Whole Colony

cat

Hospitals

menl

Assisted!

Hospitala

Male

Female

Sex UD-

knowe

Total

Brought forward.

4,551 4,954

353

1,825

2,079 1,226

3,305

A 37 (6)

(0)

(b)

60 36 0 3 0

111

112

Maluciue malaria (quartan)

1LLLL

Falciparum malaria (Malignant

tortian)...

(d)

115

Blackwater fever

JILLJI.

A 38 (0)

113, 114

116, 117

123.0

Schistosomiasis vesical (S. haema-

tobium)

Other and unspecified forms of

malaria...

]

123.1

Schistosomiasis intestinal (S. Man-

soni)

123.2

Schistosomiasis pulmonary

(S. Japonicum)

(d)

123.3

Other and unspecified schis-

tosomiasis

―

A 39

125

Hydatid disease

A 40 (a)

A 41

A 62 (0)

(c)

3900 € 300

127

Onchocerciasis.

(6)

127

Loiasis ......................

-------

Filariasis (bancrofti)

(4)

127

Other filariasis

129

Ankylostomiasis

126

Tapeworm (infestation) and other

cestode infestations

130.0

130.3

(d) 124, 128

037 Lymphogranuloma venereum

Ascariasis

143

Guinea Worm (dracunculosis)

--- LJ

Other diseases due to helminths.

103

130.1, 130.2

A 43 (a)

-1 r.

Carried forward..

4,699

5,351

356

1,829 2,085 1,231

TIT

3,316

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Inter-

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

Detailed

mediate

List

Number

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govero-

Govern

ment

Govern-

Govero-

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

mcot

Hospitals

ment Arxisted

Hospitals

Amisted

Hospitals

Sex Un-

Male

Female

Total

known!

A 43 (b)

(*)

So 8 00

038

039

(d)

049

071

(J)

072

Brought foricard..

Granuloma inguinale, venereal.

Other and unspecified venereal

diseases

Food poisoning infection and

intoxication .....

Relapsing fever

Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica

(Weil's disease)

4,699

5,351

356 1,829

2,085 1,231

3,316

- г г г г

~JJII LOL·L

(g)

073

Yaws

(6) 087

Chickenpox

090

Dengue..............

()

095

Trachoma........

(k)

096.7

Sandfly fever

120

(m)

121 (a)

(5)

Leishmaniasis

Trypanosomiasis gambiensis.

Trypanosomiasia chodesiensis

---

------

(e)

Other and unspecified

trypanosomiasis

(n)

131

'Dermatophytosis

(0)

135

Scabies

(p) 036,054,059, All other diseases classified as

063,064,070. infective and parasitic

074,086,088,

089,093,

096.1,096.6,

096.8,096.9,

'122,132-134.;

136-138

Carried for card.

4,864

5,383

361

1,832 2,091 1,237 !

091/1,237

3,328

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

List

Number

APPENDIX 6--Contd.

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

Cause Groups

Govern-

ment

Govern

Govern-

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

mtot

Incat

Hospitals

Assisted MADI Assisted [fospitals Hospitals Hospitals

Male

Female

Sex Un-

known

Total

Brought forward..

4,864 5,383

361

1.832

2,091 1,237

3,328

A 44

140118 Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity and pharynx

108

169

III

176

A 45

150

A 46

A 47

151

152,153

Malignant neoplasm of oesophagus Malignant neoplasm of stomach... Malignant neoplasm of intestine,

I l

229

86.

150

A 48

154

A 49

A 50

161

162,163

except rectum

Malignant neoplasm of rectum Malignant neoplasm of larynx Malignant neoplasm of trachea,

and of bronchus and lung not specified as secondary

ггт

A 51

170

Malignant neoplasm of breast

147

}

A 52

171

Malignant neoplasm of cervic

uteri

190

243

114

A 53

172 - 174 Malignant acoplasm of other and

A 54

177

A 55

A 56

190, 191

196, 197

unspecified parts of uterus...... Malignant neoplasm of prostate Malignant neoplasm of skin...... Malignant neoplasm of bone and connective tissue

ស

---

ANN

13.

A 57

155 160

Malignant neoplasm of all other

164, 165,

and unspecified sites

203

290

181

242

149

391

175, 176,

178 - 181.

192 - 195

198 - 199

A 58

204

Leukaemia and aleukaemia

Carried forward.

5,862

6,813

534

2,373

2,698 1,848

4,546

Inter-

Detailed

mediate

List

Number

List

Number

Cause Groups

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Cases

Treated 1955

Covero-

Deaths 1955

Govern-

meat

MGAL

Hospitals

Govern-

mcnt Assisted Hospitals Hospitals

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Male

Female

Sex Un-

known

Total

Brought forward.

neoplasms of lymphatic and

5,862 6,813

534

2,373

2,698 1,848

4,546

A 59

200 - 203

205

Lymphosarcoms and other

haerna topoietic system.

A 60

210 - 239

Benign neoplasms and neoplasms

of unspecified nature.

445

272

A 61

250. 251

Nontoxic goiter

A 62

252

Tyrotoxicosis with or without goiter.

147

A 63

260

Diabetes mellitus

A 64 (0)

280

Beriberi

131

--------

(6)

281

Pellagra

(c)

282

Scurvy

(2)

283 - 286

Other deficiency states

279

| "

A 65 (0)

290

Pernicious and other hyperchromic

unaemias

(b)

291

Iron deficiency anaemias

(hypochromic)

+I+ +-------

(c)

292, 293 Other specified and unspecified

anaemias

200

A 66 (a)

241

Asthma

379

(b)

240

All other allergic disorders,

242 - 245

endocrine, metabolic and blood

253, 254

diseases

235

1-4

270 - 277

287 - 289

294 - 299!

Carried forward.

7,145

8,280

588

2,458

2,832 1,948

4,780

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Inter-i

Detailed

Cases

Treated 1955

Death: 1955

mediate

List

Number

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern.

ment

Hospitals

Govern-

ment

Assisted

Hospitais

Govern

Govern-

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

ment

Hospitals

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

! Male

Female

Sex Un-

· known i

Total

Brought forward.

7,145 8,280

588

2,458

A 67

300 - 309 Psychoses.....

885

13*

2,832 1,948

4,780

A 68

310 324

Psychoneuroses and disorders of

326

personality

JILLI

JILL JULI

211

A 69

325

Mental deficiency

1 |

A 70

330 - 334

Vascular lesions affecting central

nervous system

141

556

101

355

369

265

634

A 71

340

Nonmeningococcal meningitis

Fiat1

રી

A 72

345

Multiple sclerosis

A 73

353

Epilepsy

A 74

370 - 379

Inflammatory diseases of

eye

A 75

385

Cataract

184

102

A 76

387

Glaucoma....

A 77 (0)

390

Otitis externa.

(6)

391 393

Otitis media and mastoiditis

IT Pr

(4)

A 78 (0)

394

380 - 384

386, 388

389

Other inflammatory diseases of ear All other disease and Conditions

of eye

Carried forward......

8,929

9,108

718

2,829 3,225 2,241

5,466

Among these, 2 died of Al-Tuberculosis of respiratory system. 1 died of A64(4)-Beriberi.

I died of A71-Nonmeningococcal meningitis.

2 died of A81-Arteriosclerotic & egenerative heart disease.

I died of A82-Other disenses of beurt.

1 died of A90-Bronchopneumonia.

o died of 491---Primery atypical, other and unspecified pacumonia.

1 died of A109-Chronic, other and unspecified nephritis.

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Inter-

mediate

List

Detailed

Coses

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

Number

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

ment

Hospitals

Govern

ment

Assisted

Ilospitals

Govern-

Cavern.

Whole Colony

ment

Hospitals

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Male

Female

Ssx Vo-

known

Total

Brought forward..

8,929

9,108

718

2,829

3,225 2,241

(6)

341 - 344

350 - 352

All other diseases of the nervous system and sense organs

153

111

19 19

5,466

354 - 357

360 - 369

395 - 398

A 79

400 - 402

Rheumatic fever.

A 80

A 81

410 416

Chronic rheumatic heart disease...

269

433

420 422

Arteriosclerotic and egenerative

heart disease

492

142

A 82

430 - 434

Other diseases of heart.

152

518

A 83

A 84

440 443 Hypertension with heart diseases.. 444 447 Hypertension without mention

114

270

18 283

110

146

256

277

226

503

143

110

186

of beart

A 85

450 - 456

Eiseases of arteries

129

г. г г г.

A 86

460 - 468

Other diseases of circulatory

system

187

529

A 87

470 - 475

Acute upper respiratory infections

343

318

A 88

480-483 Influenza...

187

· ·

A 89

490

Lobar Pneumonia

124

894

142

272 152

424

A 90

491

Bronchopneumonia

390

3.880

149

1,853

1,604 1,711

3.315

A 91

492, 493

Primary atypical, other and

unspecified pneumonia

451

A 92

500

Acute bronchitis,

166

146

145

113

258

A 93

501, 502

A 94

510

Bronchitis, chronic and unqualified Hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids

547

3:0

130

312

187

A 95

518. 521 Empyema and abscess of lung

Carried forward.

11,580

18,264

1,002

5,330

6,123 4,930

11,053

Inter-

mediate

Detailed

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Cases

Treated 1955

Liet

List

Cause Groups

Govern-

Number

Govern-

ment

| Govern

Deaths 1955

Govern-

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

ment

Hospitala

Brought forward..

LIL

mcot Assisted

Hospitals 11,580 18,264 1,002

Hospitals

Assisted

Hospitals

Sex Uo-

Mule

Female

Total

known !

5,330

6,123 4,930

. 11,053

A 96

519

Pleurisy

133

48-

A 97 (0)

523

Pneumoconіонів

(6)

511 - 517

All other respiratory diseases

389

159

107

520 - 522

524 - 527

A 98 (0)

530

Dental Caries.....

(5)

531 535

All other diseases of teeth and supporting structures..

169

A 99

A 100

540

Ulcer of Stomach

279

---

626

121

541

Ulcer of duodenum

281

---

A 101

543

Gastritis and duodenitis

465

A 102

550 - 553 Appendicitis

765

411

-----------

A 103

560, 561, Intestinal obstruction and hernia.

483

233

570

A 104 (0)

571.0

Gastro-enteritis and colitis,

between 4 weeks and 2 years...

334

906

1,113

934

948

1,882

(6)

571.1

Gastro-enteritis and colitis, ages

2 years and over

285

2,446

310

186

142

328

(c)

572

A 105

581

Chronic enteritis and ulcerative

colitis

Cirrhosis of liver

179

172

283

138

тог

176

A 106

584 585 Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis....

146

[0]

A 107

536 - 539

Other diseases of digestive system

728

699

130

586, 587

Carried forward.

15,709 25,029

1,217

7,047

7,788 6,269

14,057

542, 544

545

573- 580

582 - 583

Inter-

mediate

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

Detailed

List

Cause Groups

Govern-

ment

Govern.

Govern-

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

Number

10000

Hospitals

Assisted

Hospitals

ment

Amiated

Hospitals

Mar

Female

Sox Uo.

known

Total

A 108

590

Brought forward.

Acute nephritis

15,709 25,029

1,217

7,047

7,788 6,269

14,057

287

A 109

591 - 594 Chronic, other and unspecified

nephritis

135

554

140

192

155

347

A 110

600

Infections of kidney

A 111

602, 604

Calculi of urinary system.

191

A 112

610

Hyperplasia of prostate

A 113

620, 621

Diseases of breast

יי...

A 114(0)

613

Hydrocele

(5)

634

Disorders of menstruation

106

(e)

601, 603

All other diseases of the

605 - 609

genito-urinary system

1,094

1,577

→

611, 612

614-617

622 - 633

635-637

A 115

640 - 641, Sepsis of pregnancy, childbirth

681, 682,

and the puerperium

684

A 116

642, 652

Toxaemins of pregnancy and the

685, 686

puerperium

477

211

A 117

643, 644

Haemorrhage of pregnancy and

670 - 672

childbirth...

342

325

A 118

650

Abortion without mention of

sepsis or toxaemia

474

1,769

A 119

651

Abortion with sepsis

ז..

---------

Carried forcard.

18,695

30,151 1,267

7,293

8,032 6,560

14,592

Inter-

Imediate

List

Number

Detailed

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Casen

Treated 1955

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern

Govern-

Deaths 1955

Govern-

Deaths 1955

Whole Culany

ment

10700

mest

mcnt Assisted

Elospitale

Hospitals

Assisted

Hospitals

Male

Female

Sex Vo.

known

Total

673 - 680

683

Brought forward,

A 120(e) 645 - 649 Other complications of pregnancy,

childbirth and the puerperium

18,695 30,151 1,267

7,293 8,032 6,560

14,592

3,698 2.143

687 - 689

(b)

660

Delivery without complication

11,496 27,838

A 121

690 - 698

Infections of skin and

subcutaneous tissue

481

427

A 122

A 123

720 725

726, 727

Arthritis and spondylitis Muscular rheumatism and

224

H-

rheumatism, unspecified

A 124

730

Osteomyelitis and periostitis

A 125

737

Ankylosis and acquired

745 - 749

musculoskeletal deformities

A 126 (a)

715

Chronic ulcer of skin (including

tropical ulcer)

224

(6) 700 - 714

716

All other diseases of skin.

353

247

All other diseases of

738 - 741

A 127

A 128

751

754

A 129

750, 752

musculoskeletal system... Spina bifida and meningocele Congenital malformations of

circulatory system

All other congenital malformations

------

184

156

103

753

755 - 759

A 130

A 131

760, 761

762

Birth injuries

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis

Carried forward.

3.1

171

124

110

148 111

259

35,578 61,743

1,379

7,493

8,303 6,774

15,077

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Inter

mediate

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

Detailed

List

Cause Groups

Govern-

Gavern-

Govern.

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

10300

Number Number

Focal

Hospitals

nient Assisted Flospitals Hospitals

1201

Assisted

Elospitals

Sex Un.

Malc

Female

Total

known

A 132 (0)

764

Brought foricard.... Diarrhoea of newborn

(under 4 weeks)

(6)

763

Ophthamia neonatorum..............

35,578 61,743 1,379 7,493 8,303 6,774

15,077

185

112

A 133

770

A 134

A 135

773-776

Ilaemolytic disease of newborn

769,771, 772 All other defined diseases of early

infancy

early infancy

289

161

167

120

287

...

236

120

159

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to

385

S72

110

438

499

419

918

A 136

794

Senility without mention of

Psychosis

268

107

114 202

316

A 137 (a)

(b)

788.8

Pyrexia of unknown origin

105

793

Observation, without need for

further medical care

206

677

(c).780 - 787 788.1-788.7

788.9

All other ill-defined causes of

morbidity.

192

141

643 525 11 1,179

789 - 792

795

Total...

36,879 64,121

1,571 | 8,376 9,905. 8,206

11 18,122

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Cases

Treated 1955

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern.

Deaths 1955

Govern. Govern-

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

105tu

ment

Hospital.

Assisted

Hospital

Hospitals

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Male

Female

Sex Un.

known

Total

Brought foricari.

36,879

64,121

AE 138 E810 - E835 Motor Vehicle Accidents E800 - E802 Other transport accidents.

728

ILJ I ILL--

AE 139

·E840 E866

AE 140

E870 - E895 Accidental poisoning

AE 141

E900 - E904 Accidental falls

AE 142 E912

Accident caused by Machinery

AE 143 E916

153

LAL

1,571 8,376

9,905 8,206

11 18,122

107 32

139

140

1,082

316

251

101

}

Accident caused by fire and explosion of combustible material

AE 144 E917, E918 Accident caused by hot substance.

corrosive liquid, steam and

101

121

radiation

AE 145 E919

Accident caused by firearmis

AE 146 E929

Accidental drowning and

submersion

254

]

129

161

AE 147

(a) E920

Foreign body entering eye and

adnexa

(b)

E923

Foreign body entering other

orifice

·1

-----

3 1

Accidents caused by bites and

stings of venomous animals and insects

Carried forward.

39,575

6-1.177 1,768 8,377 10,302 8,380 11 18,693

APPENDIX 6-Conid.

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern

meat

Hospitals

Govern

Deat

Assisted

Hospitals

Govern-

Govern

meut

Whole Colony

Hospitals

Assisted

Hospitals

Male

Female

Sex Un-

known

Total

Brought forward...

39,575 64,177

1,768

8,377 10,302 8,380 It

18,693

(d) E928

E913-E915,

E921 - 1922,

E924-E926,

Other accidents caused by animals

E910, E911, All other accidental causes

583

60 32

316

E930 - E965

AE 148 E970 E979 Suicide and self-inflicted injury AE 149 E980 E985 Homicide and injury purposely inflicted by other persons (not in war)

AE 150 E990 - E999 Injury resulting from operations

of war

317

GRAND TOTAL.

40,828

166 96

262

64,207 1,866 8,377 10,554 8,515 11 19,080

Inter-

mediate

Detailed

APPENDIX 6-Contd.

Cases

Treated 1955

Deaths 1955

List

Number

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

Cover-

mcnt I

Govern.

Deaths 1955

Whole Colony

Hospitals

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

mcat

Hospitals

mcat

Anginter

Hospitals

Male

Female

Sex Vo.

kaowo

Total

AN 138 N800 - N804 Fracture of skull

322

AN 139 N805 N809 Fracture of spine and trunk AN 140 N810 N829 Fracture of limbs

AN 141

AN 142

AN 143

228

907

■

N830 N839 Dislocation without fracture N840 - N848 Sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscle

N850 - N856 Head injury (excluding fracture).. AN 144 N860 - N869 Internal injury of chest, abdomen

}

704

108

149

204

AN 145

AN 146

AN 147

AN 148

and pelvis N870 N908 Laceration and open wounds N910 N929 Superficial injury, contusion and crushing with intact skin surface N930 - N936 Effects of foreign body entering through orifice

101

128

611

}

...

169

N940-N949 Burns

327

AN 149

N960 - N979 Effects of poisons

387

AN 150

N950 N959 All other and unspecified effects N980 - N999 of external causes

LILLI➖➖ILL-

255

31.9

GRAND TOTAL..

3,949

295

649

309

958

APPENDIX 7

In-patients admitted into Government, Government Assisted und Private Hospitals, 1955 including cases remaining in

hospitals from the previous year

NAME

Government Hospitals:

Queen Mary

Kowloon

Sai Ying Pun

Tun Yuk....

Mental

Stanley Prison

Eastern Maternity

Wancbai Social Hygiene

lại Chị Kạ

St. John

Lai Chi Kok Female Prison

Bedla

General Casco

In- Tuber. Mater. fectious culosiv aity

Cases Cases Cases

Mental Caree

Total

59.3 245 i

1.378

621 2.428

12,516

6,599

109

108 2,917

9.752

206

1,051

1,373

200

749

7,082

7,831

140

1,200

521

175

802

103

2,852

2,955

238

191

729

482

100

829

646

1.577

102

1.345

163

1,954

139

TOTAL.....----

1,983 19,420

2,690

1,771

15,702

1,245

40,828

Government Assisted Hospitals :

Tung Wah Group

Alice Ho Miu Ling Netherole

Rattonjee Sanatorium

Puk Gi

Bayling Blund Leprosariumaa

1,255

256 |

23,578

183

3,250

I-ILLI

4,618

103

27,356 2,044

230

685

39 I 500

1,268

580

54,367 6.831 689 1,840

+79

472

TOTAL..........

2,280 29,168

719 4,038

29,982

64,207

Private Hospitals:

Tui Wo.

St. Paul

172

1,116 1,185

1,193

275

879

624

2,963

Ling Yuet Sin Infants"

125

259

152

-ILIJJIILI

417

Precious Blood

Hong Kong Sanatorium

910

2,112

172

176

2.529

243

4.344

136

324

1,243

6,131

St. Francis

72 1.254

1,258

St. Terron's

1.645

120: 130

311

2,206

Hong Kong Central

2,397

322

158

2,830

Matilda and War Memorial..

989

1,106

TOTAL....

1,008 15,301

673

1,770 2,805

20,633

GRAND TOTAL .......... 5,271 64,189

4,082

7,579 48,489

1,329 125,668

Dress-

inga

Generat Chil. Out- dren's patients Cliajer

Ante-

APPENDIX 8 Out-patients- 1955

Total Attendances at Government and Government Assisted Hospitals. Clinics and Dispensaries

INSTITUTIONS

Cynaeco Social Post- natal Total logical Hygiene

Ear,

Nose &

Eye

Throat

Tuber-

culosis

Mental

Total

11OSPITALS:

Queen Mary

Kowloon..

Tran Yuk

St. Jobo........

Stanley Prison

7,462

18,821

2,962

420 4,999

274,357

170,394

7,572

14,673

390 3.I72

23.930

188

5,816

1.18

35,000

500,304

9.474

12,425

31,101

2,233.

55,233

דייוייו

6,993

27,013

22,722

793

1.482

59,062

8.679

32,437

2,103

1.976

45,197

LIJ

JJ-LLII➖➖➖➖➖

ILL

L. C. K. Female Prison.. Mental

CLINICS & DISPENSARIES.

Sai Ying Pun

Violet Pee)............................

Wanchni Chest Clinic...... Kowloon Chest Clinic. Social Hygiene Clinics 10 Public Dispensaries

IIJJEL

Hong Kong & Kowloon. 14 New Territories Dispa... Families Clinic, Hong Kong H. K. Police Med. Fast Kow. Police Med. Pont Victoria Remand Prison....... Port Health

156,093 101,490 86,039

4,956

2,387

38.381

100,964 78.943 4,936

155

4.892

(a) 1,783

1,618

(8)10,100

241,772

14,025

359,967

2.320

+ 1,508

1,308

178,092

163,928

167,928

203,701

97,710

208,114, 306,446

12,688

770

7,365

66,480

143,192 1,67] 13,558 7.102;

3,374

306

6.332

490

2,712

636,601

8,037

213,641

7,102

3,729

9,221. 13,577

306

249

502

682

28.461

1.991

9.728 21,683

399

1,005

189

1,138

1,823

267

38,229

2.190

14,100:

1,825

Govt. Ophthalmic Clinic

HEALTH CENTRES.

Western

Kowloon..

K. C. R. Clinic

L-JIIILLIJI➖➖

Acran Street

1,040, 1,067

1 F !

296

361

221

47,253

1,825

2.196

2,524

2,048

526

4,290

683

Harcourt

יו

Total of Government

Institutiona

3,034

514

| │E

| 1 |

2.521

1.57.1

4,973

3,548

LLIJJJILIM➖➖➖➖

673.628

53,005

880,400 552.145 90,788 5,6971 21,741 29.818- 177,057 94.575 17,276 3,145

231 17,978 7,952 10,579 20,730

2.303

209,738

Tung Wah Group of Hosps. Alice Ho Miu Ling

Nethersole Hospital.. Ruttonjee Sanatorium....

Pak Di Hospital

GRAND TOTAL.....

703,670 1,128,440 651,672 120,946)

(a) Patients seen in Government Eye Clinics.

8,959 46,031 209,738 97,787 13,161 377,742 2,387 (6) Patients seen in Hong Kong University Eye Clinic.

Government Servants & dependants seen by Government Ophthalmologist.

64,086 13.161 355,274. 33,701 13,593

2,387

2,869,045

371, 165

1,233

2,022

58,696

6,875

6.875

418

57,748

3,363,529

APPENDIX 9

Out-patients- 1955

General Chil

Decis

inga

Out- dren' Clinics patients

zatul

New Cases at Government and Government Assisted Hospitals, Clinics and Dispensaries

INSTITUTIONS

Ante- Post- Gyneco Social

natal

Ingical Hygiene

Eye

Ear.

Nose &

Throal

Tuber.

culosis

Mental

Total

HOSPITALS. Queen Mary

7,462

13,429

693

1,341

307

148

23,285

Kowloon.

274,357

144,755 7,527

2,448

390

1,514

10,976 2,042

444,039

Tono Yuk

3,204

3,622

7,300

1,596

15,722

St. John.

5,904

21,953 18,860

361

80%

48,011

Stanley Prison

-------

3,533

14.902

732

403

L. C. K. Female Prison....

4.956

| |

19,570

4,956

Mental

LL.

ין

583

503

CLINIC & DISPENSARIES

Sai Ying Pun

4,709

64,650

$1,345 1,550

151

2,175

(0) 1,095 1

(6) 2,503

-167

138.654

Violet Peel....

84,652

68,327 57,655

7.093

852

218,578

+ 541

541

Wanchai Chest Clinic

20,641

20.641

Kowloon Chert Clinic..

17,148

Social Hygiene Clinics 10 Public Dispensaries

Hong Kong & Kowloon. 14 New Territories Dispe... Families Qinic. HongKong H. K. Police Med. Post Kow. Police Med. Post Victorin Remund Prison

3.1.853

34.853

36,978 122,762 241,047 22,907 107,468 312

495

4,574

1,891 6,679

9,095

257

636

7,171

14,811

367

918

12.809

Port Health

1,497

K. C. R. Clinic

OSB 1,050

Govt. Ophthalmic Clinic

Azrun Streri

HEALTH CENTRES.

Western

Kowloon................................................................

Harcourt

185*

736

406

214

382

105

410.911

| | |

640

3,165

1,779

141,037

342

177

374

395

18.910

426

604

728

133

25,132

16.1

132

14.252

1.497

2.001

1,307

297

430

692

229

770.

388

| | |

1,307

727

921

1.158

Institutions

Alice Elo Miu Ling

Nethersole Hospital

LIII-

Pok Oi Hospital

Total of Government

Tung Wah Group of Hospin,

447,304

11,028

592,748 415,507|

24.599 3,925 9.120 36,393 28,842 5.405

78,363 42.123. 15.538

1,841

13,563

40.430

1,828

5.83

1,404,856

ז-

164,204

6,280 1,915, 2,474 41,301

1,233

5,72%

17,572

773

610

200

42.914

GRAND TOTÁL.. 458,332 718,700 459,545 43,324

(a) Patients seen in Government Eye Clinics.

5,768

16,913 36.393 42,405 5.405 42,250

583

1,829,626

(6) Patients seen in Hong Kong University Eye Clinic.

•

Governmen Servants and dependants seen by Government Ophthalmologist.

APPENDIX 10

Attendances at Public Dispensaries (Hong Kong & Kowloon) 1955

Out-Patients

Deliveries

Public

Children

Adults

Vaccina Inocula

Dispensaries

Total

New

Coses

Atten- dances

New Cases

Atten- dances

Ia-pa- Dom- tione tions tients iciliary

Central..

Eastern

---1-1--TTIG

Shaukiwan

Aberdeen

Shamshuipo Yaumati

Hung Hom Stanley

Li Kee Memorial...

Mongkok

- ➖➖ ➖➖ - ➖➖ ➖

➖ ➖ ➖ ➖ ➖➖ ➖ ➖ I

20.493 32,967 10,502 20,592 20,187 23.279 12.939 22,252 46,508 54,688 21,932' 42.944 12,626 14,016

6,735 3.625

12,309 1,764

520

8,085

2,947

6,301 12,922

447

3,877

2,758

39,974 105,022

591

14,186

11,273 19,451

6.794 13,690

231

8.998

2,621

18,218

1,744 2,507

18,730

9,898 13,037

4,956

1,265

2,822 8,252 271

2,289

1.426

57,708

52,290 72,714 29,308 46,597

68,094 29,394 44,847

1,127

21,379

8,565

TOTAL..... 241,047 306,446 169,864 330,155

271 2.918

82,814

24,971

APPENDIX 11

Attendances at Medical Centres -- New Territories, 1955

Out-patients

Deliveries

Dispensaries

New Cases

Total Attendances

Io-patients

Domiciliary

Tai Po

Hạ Tung

Sha Tau Kok

Yuen Long

San Hui

27,825

46,909

1,109

CITI

1,611

3,985

551

L FIL

3,348

5,940

267

19,726

35,228

1.460

3,533

7,662

491

Sai Kung

12,306

16,723

280

Sha Tin...

3.403

7,300

257

Tai O

25,741

42,953

383

Silver Mine Bay

LIL

3,750

7,234

Peng Chau

3,981

4,718

Travelling Dispensary (East)...

9,377

11,931

LIL-1----

Travelling Dispensary (West)..... Maurine Grantham Health

Centre

Tai Lam Chung

1.012

5,949

22,269

39,633

1,161

3.155

6.389

*ONDES" | | | | 3|

JILL JI

TOTAL.....

141,037

242,644

6,023

292

APPENDIX 12

A Summary of the work done at the Hong Kong and Kowloon Public Mortuaries, 1955

Total No. of Post-mortem Examinations performed during the year

4,121

No. of male bodies examined

2,544

No. of female bodies examined

1,565

Sex unknown owing to decomposition

No. of claimed bodies sent from hospital, etc.

1,288

No. of unclaimed bodies, mostly abandoned

No. of bodies cremated

No. of Chinese bodies examined

No. of non-Chinese bodies examined

2,833

532

4,101

No. of Medico-Legal Cases

650

Male Female

Total

No. of bodies under 2 years of age

1,067 941 2,008

No. of bodies over 2 years of age

No. of bodies received from the following sources:-

1,476

625

2,101

Hong Kong Mortuary:

Victoria District

Shaukiwan District

Infant Hospitals

Other Hospitals

Marine Police Station

Cheung Chau Police Station

Tai O Police Station

502

111

206

114

-----LI

986

Kowloon Mortuary:

APPENDIX 12-Contd.

Water Police Station

Pune----

Tsim Sha Tsui (Land) Police Station

Yaumati

Mongkok

Police Station

Shamshuipo

Kowloon City

Hung Hom

Tsuen Wan

Castle Peak

Ping Shan

Lak Ma Chau

Pat Heung

Sheung Shui

Takuling

Sha Tau Kok

Tai Po

Sha Tin

ILI

LIJ

101

363

385

---

•

Sai Kung

Tai O

Cheung Chau

Maurine Grantham

Health Centre, N.T.

St. Andrew's Mat. Home

Hospitals, etc.

гг. г..г.т

No. of rats caught and brought to mortuaries

No. of rats examined

No. of rats' spleen smears taken for examination

No. of rats infected with plague

1,848

3,135

го гг. і

י.

260,992

16,500

Nil.

HONG

KONG:

Code No. : 3039-56