醫務衛生署年報 Medical and Health Department Annual Report 1952-1953

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13973

HONG KONG

ANITARY

LIBRARY

ANNUAL

DEPARTMENTAL

REPORTS

1952-53

RBB/40L

PRICE: $6

DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL

AND

HEALTH SERVICES

22501293445

HONG KONG

ANNUAL DEPARTMENTAL REPORT

BY THE

DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL

AND HEALTH SERVICES

FOR THE

FINANCIAL YEAR 1952-3

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER,

HÙNG HÙNG.

WELLCOM. N. [ITUTE

Coll

Call Anney

No.

WA28

THE 477

1953

CONTENTS

I. GENERAL

Introduction

Staff

Legislation

II. VITAL STATISTICS

Population

Births

THI

Deaths

Infant Mortality

Maternal Mortality

Principal Causes of Death

III. PUBLIC HEALTH

Introduction

Hygiene and Sanitation

Rural Health

Communicable Diseases

Anti Epidemic Measures

Port Health Administration

Social Hygiene ...

Maternal & Child Health

School Health

Malaria and Mosquito Control

Tuberculosis Control

+ ··

Paragraph Number

1 - 12

13 - 17

· 19

---

-+-

29 -

31 - 38

47 -

85 - 92

93 - 101

102 - 109

110 - 126

127 179

IV. HOSPITALS

Introduction

Government Hospitals

Queen Mary Hospital

Kowloon Hospital

St. John Hospital, Cheung Chau

Tsan Yuk Hospital ...

Eastern Maternity Hospital

Sai Ying Pun Hospital

Lai Chi Kok Hospital

JLI

Paragraph Number

180

181

182 - 185

186 - 189

190 - 191

192 - 194

195

Wanchai Social Hygiene Hospital...

196 - 198

199 - 202

203 - 204

Mental Hospital

205 - 209

Stanley Prison Hospital

210 - 214

Lai Chi Kok Female Prison Hospital

215

Government Assisted Hospitals

Tung Wah Group Hospitals

Nethersole Hospital...

Ruttonjee Sanatorium

Private Hospitals

V. GENERAL OUT-PATIENT SERVICES

216

217 - 220

221

222

· 7 ·

223

224

225

Urban Areas

226 - 234

J - -

235

237

New Territories

VI. MIDWIVES & MATERNITY HOMES

238 - 241

VII. SPECIAL SUB-DEPARTMENTS

Dental

Pharmaceutical

...

Pathological-including Mortuaries

Chemical Laboratory

Almoners

...

Paragraph Number

242 - 246

247 - 251

252 256

257 - 259

260 - 268

269 - 273

274 - 276

...

277 - 278

279 - 281

282 - 287

Radiological

Stewards including Transport &

Ambulance Services

Births & Deaths Registration...

VIII. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

IX. TRADING OF PERSONNEL

X. ACCOUNTS

Occupational Therapy Fund

Samaritan Fund

Nurses Rewards and Fines Fund.

XI. MAPS

XII. APPENDICES 1 - 20

iii

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Introduction.

I. GENERAL

　　　　1. During the year under review all sections of the Department worked at high pressure. Attendances at hospitals and clinics showed no slackening and accommodation, which was sufficient to meet the pre-war requirements of the Colony, was subject to such pressure, in view of the considerable increase in the population since the war, that conditions were unsatisfactory and staff worked under the most adverse circum- stances. Night sessions at certain out-patient clinics continued to operate in an endeavour to keep up with the demands placed upon these institutions, but even this expedient did not prove to be sufficient and there were instances when clinics were, in any particular day, unable to deal with the numbers attending.

2. The pressure on hospital accommodation was equally severe and there was no material increase in the number of beds available. The two main Government hospitals were, in fact, institutions for acute cases and there were substantial waiting lists for admission. Nevertheless excellent work was carried out and high-standards were maintained.

　　　　3. Tuberculosis continued to be the Department's major problem and as much attention as was possible was paid to anti-tuberculosis measures. Although much was achieved one cannot feel confident that the general problem was affected to any great extent in view of the extremely overcrowded condi- tions under which so large a proportion of the Colony's population lives.

　　　　4. Visits were paid to the Colony by Professor F. R. C. Heaf, Tuberculosis Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Colonies and Miss F. N. Udell, Chief Nursing Officer, Colonial Office.

　　　　5. A new Casualty Department was opened at the Kowloon Hospital in April, 1952. This will improve the faci lities for the treatment of accident cases on the mainland.

6. Work on the Leper Settlement on Hay Ling Chau progressed so well that it was possible to transfer there at the end of September, 1952, all the lepers from the temporary settlement on Hong Kong Island. The Settlement is proving a satisfactory institution and is being efficiently organized and run by the Hong Kong Auxiliary of the Mission to Lepers. Financial grants are given to the Mission by the Hong Kong Government.

7. The foundation stone of the new Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital was laid by Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent in October, 1952. This new hospital of 200 beds will cater primarily for the poor of the Colony. Funds for the construc- tion and equipping of the hospital were generously provided by the Hong Kong Jockey Club.

　　　In December 1952, a small hospital and dressing station was opened at the site of the new reservoir at Tai Lam Chung, New Territories, for the benefits of labourers who are working on the new Dam.

9. A clinic was opened in March 1953, in the new block of Police Quarters in Kowloon, for the police and their families. A doctor and nurse are in full time attendance.

　10. During the period under review, two Blood Banks for the collection, storage, and distribution of blood were opened at the Queen Mary Hospital and Kowloon Hospital. The local branch of the British Red Cross did excellent work in the collection of blood from a panel of volunteer donors for these two blood banks, which distribute the blood free to any hospital requiring it for emergency cases.

　11. During the year it has been found possible to provide limited ophthalmological, dental, maternal and child health and social hygiene facilities for the inhabitants of the rural areas of the New Territories.

12. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund and the World Health Organization continued to provide assistance on the following projects:

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunisation,

Maternal and Child Health.

Diphtheria Immunisation.

In addition certain hospital equipment was provided and also free milk powder for distribution to poor children.

Staff.

　　　　　13. In July 1952, the Director of Medical and Health Services attended the conference of Heads of Colonial Medical Services arranged by the Colonial Office at Oxford. In September 1952, he also attended the World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Committee Meeting in Saigon, as an adviser to the United Kingdom delegation,

　　　　　14. On 28th June, 1952, Dr. J. M. Liston, M.B., Ch.B. (Glas.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.), D.P.H. (Lond.), on transfer from Sarawak, arrived in Hong Kong to take up the appointment of Deputy Director of Medical and Health Services.

15. The following local staff were sent to the United Kingdom for courses of study:

1 Nursing Sister

1 Nurse

1 Laboratory Assistant

1 Assistant Almoner

1 Dental Mechanic

1 Executive Officer (births and deaths registration).

16. The establishment of the Medical Department as at

31st March 1953, is shown in Appendix 1.

17. The numbers of registered medical and dental practi- tioners and ancillary medical workers registered under local enactments, are as follows:

Registered Medical Practitioners (excluding

Government personnel)

408

Registered Dentists (excluding Government Dental Surgeons and Service Dentists)

334

Registered Pharmacists (excluding Government

Pharmacists)

Registered Nurses (excluding Government

Nurses)

739

Registered Dressers (excluding Government

Dressers)

++ |

Registered Midwives (excluding Government

Midwives)

Legislation.

743

18. The most important legislation affecting the public health enacted during the year was the Undesirable Medical Advertisements Ordinance, 1953. This Ordinance was neces- sitated by the widespread practice of advertising quack cures in the vernacular press. The legislation was modelled on Nigerian and United Kingdom enactments.

19. A substantial number of regulations, bills and orders were brought into force. These are listed in Appendix 2.

II. VITAL STATISTICS

(Note. All statistics in this report are in respect of the calendar year 1952).

Population.

20. The estimated population of the Colony at the end of the year was 2,250,000.

Births.

21. During the year 71,976 births as compared with 68,500 in 1951 were registered. There was however a drop in the birth rate from 34 to 32 per thousand. The number of attended births (ie. attended by a doctor or midwife) was 69,491 as compared with 67,444 in the previous year. of these attended births are set forth in Appendix 3.

Details

Deaths.

22. The number of deaths registered during the year was 19,459, a figure representing a drop of 1,121 as compared with 20,580 deaths registered during the year 1951. The death rate calculated by using the estimated population is 8.6 per thousand as compared with 10.2 per thousand in the previous year.

Infant Mortality.

23. There were 5,546 deaths of infants under one year during the year as compared with 6,285 in the year 1951. There was a welcome drop in the infant mortality rate, the figure of 77.1 per thousand live births comparing with 91.8 per thousand live births in 1951.

　　　　　24. Whereas in 1951 the deaths in infants under one year provided 30.5% of the total deaths, the infant deaths in 1952 only provided 28.5% of total deaths.

25. The following Table shows the infant and neo-natal deaths and also the neo-natal death rate per thousand live births for the years 1951 1952,

TABLE 1.

Neo-natal Mortality Rate.

Age Period

1951

1952

0-1 day I-7 days

1-4 weeks

4 weeks-3 mouths

3-6 months.

6-9 months.

9-12 months

----

391

282

814

735

936

873

1,238

1,001

1,151

874

967

935

708

846

Total under I year.....

-------------------

6,285

5,546

Infant Mortality rate......

91.8

77.1

No. of deaths under 4 weeks Neo-natal Mortality rate

2,141

1,890

31.3

26.3

Maternal Mortality.

26. A drop of 0.45 in the maternal mortality rate was noted when 1.14 per thousand live and still births was recorded as compared with 1.59 per thousand live and still births in 1951.

27. The following Table sets out births, live and still, maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates per thousand live and still births during the years 1951 and 1952.

TABLE 2.

Year

Live Still Births Births

Total Live and

Pregnancy and Child bearing

Abortion

Materna! Mortality Rate

Rate

Still

Births

No. of Death

per 1,000 Deaths

No. of

per 1,000

No. of Deaths! 1,000

per

Births

1951

68,500 1,180

69,680

109

1.56

0.03 111

1.59

1952

71,976

1,157 73,133 80

1.09

0.05

1.14

28. The following Table gives the figures of deaths from toxæmias of pregnancy for the years 1951 and 1952:-

TABLE 3.

Deaths from Total Births

Death rate

Year

Toxaemias of

(including

Pregnancy

still-births)

per thousand

1951

69,680

0.5

1952

-----

73,133

0.3

Principal Causes of Death.

29. The following Table shows the principal causes of death for the years 1951 and 1952.

Causes of death

TABLE 4.

Number of Deaths

1951

1952

Beri-beri

Bronchitis

Cancer, malignant diseases

Cerebro-spinal fever

Diphtheria

354

260

----

795

807

+++ ITI

121

157

Diseases of the heart

982

998

Other diseases of digestive system

Enteritis and diarrhoea

Influenza....

Intracranial lesions of vascular origin

Malaria

Non-venereal diseases of genitourinary system

Old age, senility

Other diseases of circulatory system -

Other diseases of nervous system and sense orgsas

2574

2940

410

480

328

379

174

195

154

509

580

Other diseases of respiratory system

328

373

Pneumonia (all forms)

4964

4249

Premature births, congenital malformations and diseases of

early infancy

1644

1436

------

Smallpox

Syphilitic diseases

----utub

PITILI

Tuberculosis of respiratory system

Tuberculosis (other forms).

Violence (accidents, suicide, homicide, etc.)

3006

2461

1184

1112

778

776

Other defined diseases

-------..............................------------

Ill-defined caUBGS....................................THE

796

724

1164

1133

Total......

20580

19459

　　　　30. Further statistics relating to infectious diseases are set forth in Appendices 4 and 5.

III. PUBLIC HEALTH

Introduction

　　　　31. The Director of Medical & Health Services is respon- sible for public health administration throughout the Colony. However, the Urban Council exercises control over matters of general sanitation in the urban areas of Hong Kong and

Kowloon. Senior public health personnel of the Medical Depart- ment are seconded to the Urban Council for duty in the urban areas over which the Urban Council has jurisdiction.

　32. A medical officer of health advises the District Administration in the New Territories which is a rural area containing several small townships.

Urban Areas.

　33. Under the control of a Senior Health Officer, two Health Officers, seconded to the Urban Council, have respon- sibilities on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon. Also in those areas are Senior Health Inspectors and Health Inspectors employed by the Urban Council. This staff is generally supervised by the Deputy Director of Health Services,

　34. For purposes of public health administration the urban areas are divided into districts and these in their turn into sub- districts each of which is the responsibility of a Health Inspector. In Hong Kong there are sixty-two sub-districts and in Kowloon twenty-five. The Health Inspector is responsible for the general sanitary supervision of his sub-district, the investigation of infectious disease and the carrying out of dis- infection and disinfestation.

35. A pest control officer is responsible for anti-rodent measures in the urban areas.

　36. The department is also responsible for anti-epidemic work, health education of the public, port health work, the operation of maternal and child health services which includes a school health programme, social hygiene work, tuberculosis and malaria and mosquito control.

Rural Areas.

　37. The Medical Officer of Health, New Territories has under his jurisdiction an area of some 350 square miles which includes numerous islands and has a population of about 200,000.

38. His staff consists of a Senior Health Inspector and five Health Inspectors each of whom is responsible for a district of the New Territories wherein he supervises all public health matters.

HYGIENE & SANITATION.

Refuse Removal & Conservancy Services.

39. In the urban areas of Victoria and Kowloon respon- sibility for environmental hygiene lies with the Urban Council. In the New Territories this work is directly the responsibility of the Medical Department. Throughout the Colony public health staff were faced during the year, as in the previous year, with problems of greater magnitude probably than those encountered in most other cities of the world. The capacity of virtually every building in the urban areas and in the townships of the New Territories was over-taxed and gross overcrowding was general. In these circumstances the work of the health inspector was anything but easy and it is not surprising that in certain areas in the Colony the general sanitation left much to be desired. Refuse removal and conservancy services operated satisfactorily but in the circumstances of overcrowding which exist it cannot be expected that conditions were entirely satis- factory in those areas in which the bucket conservancy system operated. Disposal of night soil was in general satisfactory but a certain amount of unmatured night soil undoubtedly found its way to the fields of cultivators.

40. Refuse removal and disposal in the urban area were carried out efficiently but in certain of the townships in the New Territories these services left much to be desired as these town- ships have grown rapidly in recent years and have outstripped the cleansing organization.

Housing.

41. Building activity during the year was very considerable but, with the exception of houses built in squatter resettlement areas, to which reference will be made later, and a few blocks of workmen's flats, the vast majority of the domestic premises erected were of an expensive nature and did little to meet the needs of those most requiring accommodation.

Water Supplies.

　42. The city's water supply is, though qualitatively excel- lent, quantitatively totally inadequate. This necessitates an interrupted, and for a large part of the year an extremely limited, supply and the utilization by a large part of the popula- tion of other accessible supplies such as wells, streams etc. Preliminary construction work on a new reservoir in the New Territories, which when completed will provide the city with an adequate supply, has been initiated, but there can be little doubt that the present inadequacy of the public supply is an important contributing factor to the current high prevalence of intestinal infections.

Squatters.

　43. These unauthorized occupants of vacant Crown and privately owned land are ubiquitous and are met with virtually everywhere in the Colony. They live in the most insanitary circumstances and their presence constitutes one of the Colony's major public health problems. Their resettlement is a gigantic task but considerable progress in this regard was made during the year.

Areas for resettlement have been set aside and a non-profit making organization, partly financed by Government, has erected simple houses in those areas to which squatters are moved by the Resettlement Officer. Such houses may be purchased by the occupant outright for $1,600 (£100) or by hire purchase at a monthly rental of $35. In the resettlement areas roads have been constructed and public water supplies provided and, in addition, in certain areas electricity has been installed. Public latrines have also been provided.

　44. Difficulties have however been encountered in persuad- ing squatters in some cases to enter the resettlement areas, as their present shacks have been erected near their places of employment and their removal to relatively remote resettlement areas raises problems of transportation. It is clear that arrangements for employment in, or near to, the resettlement areas is very necessary and that the clearance of temporary factories, established in these squatter areas, to the resettlement areas must form an essential part of the resettlement scheme. Certain resettlement areas have been provided for those who

can afford to build a house. In these areas the settler is permitted to build his own house from such materials as he can obtain but he has to site it according to a plan which has as its purpose the reduction of fire hazards to a minimum. These areas, too, are provided with roads, public water supply and public latrines by Government.

45. Public health staff devoted much energy throughout the year endeavouring to improve sanitary conditions in the squatter areas, and as much time as possible was spent on health education of the inhabitants.

46. The total number of persons resettled during the year was approximately 35,000.

Rural Health

　　　　　47. The year under review has seen a continuation of the steady development of the New Territories. This has shown itself in two forms-gradual building of new houses in market towns-some replacing old ones and some breaking new ground, and the building of residential bungalows in certain areas.

　　　　　48. An excellent liaison is maintained with the Military Authorities in keeping their establishments free from fly and mosquito nuisances. Attention has also been directed to rodent control in and around these establishments.

　　　　　49. Several important public works were completed during the year.

　　　　　　　　Coolie lines and a hospital were built in preparation for work to start on the new reservoir at Tai Lam Chung. Two new markets were built at Sai Kung and Sha Tau Kok respec- tively.

Conservancy,

　　　　　50. A scheme of nightsoil distribution has been brought into operation by the Agricultural Department. This means that supplies of matured nightsoil are available in greatly increased quantities, and greater control is exercised over the distribution and storage.

Communicable Diseases

　51. For the sixth year in succession, the Colony has been free from any major epidemic.

　52. In 1952 there was no case of cholera, plague, epidemic typhus, relapsing fever or yellow fever. There were however 3 cases of smallpox, two of which were imported. One local sporadic case occurred one month after the first imported case, but investigation of this case, which had travelled widely in the Colony whilst in the infective stage, showed no possible focus. Prophylactic measures were adopted immediately. Whether as a result of this, or as is more likely due to the immunity con- ferred by the high vaccinal state of the population, no second case occurred.

　53. Six cases of scrub typhus were notified, all of which occurred in Military personnel.

54. There were 1 human and 6 animal fatal cases of rabies notified, all occurring in the New Territories. Control of dogs was strictly enforced in the urban area. In the rural areas, this problem proves much more difficult, because of the widely scattered homesteads.

Enteric fever.

　55. There were 1,230 cases with 158 deaths compared with 1,024 cases with 134 deaths an incidence increase of 20.1%. The fatality rate has dropped from 50% in 1946 to 12.8% in 1952.

　56. The source of infection is widespread as shown by scattered distribution of cases all over the Colony. There was no explosive outbreak in any particular area thus making difficult the tracing of the possible foci of infection. The squatter population accounted for 16% of the total, whilst the non-squatter population at the lower economic levels accounted for 50% of the total number of cases notified. The latter came mainly from the congested tenements of the city, where poor

personal hygiene, water restriction and economic stringency contributed to the increase in this disease. Immunization against typhoid fever was offered to the population, but the response was discouraging.

　　　　　57. About 50% of the cases occurred in the 15-34 years age group. The disease continued to be particularly fatal to young male adults.

Dysenteries.

58. Amoebic dysentery notifications registered an increase of 30.5%, whilst bacillary dysentery showed a decrease of 10.2% as compared to the previous year. It will be noted that this is the reverse of 1951. There were 201 cases of amoebiasis with 7 deaths and 336 cases of bacillary dysentery with 22 deaths as compared with 154 cases of amoebiasis with 9 deaths and 374 cases of bacillary dysentery with 29 deaths in 1951.

Poliomyelitis.

　　　　　59. There were 19 cases notified with 4 deaths as compared with 28 cases with 3 deaths in 1951. This disease does not reach epidemic proportions in Hong Kong. The Chinese popu- lation do not appear to be highly susceptible to it.

Diphtheria.

　　　　　60. During the year there were 987 cases reported com- pared to 574 in 1951, an increase of over 70%. The month of December had a record notification of 282 cases. During the year there were 157 fatalities as against 121 in 1951. The disease mainly affected children in the 0-5 age group which comprised 48% of the total number of cases.

61. An immunization campaign was initiated with U.N.I.C.E.F. assistance towards the end of 1952. The object was to immunize 200,000 children in 2 years. This figure how- ever was exceeded before the end of March excellent response of the public.

1953 due to the

Leprosy.

62. There was no indication that there was a true increase in the incidence of this infection in the Colony during the year although it is known that a number of leprosy patients entered the Colony from China to seek treatment. The number of cases admitted to the Leprosarium was no true indication of the prevalence of the infection, as the temporary settlement on Hong Kong Island dealt merely with part of the problem. The increased accommodation in the new settlement on Hay Ling Chau was rapidly taken up and, by the end of the year, the number of inmates was 301.

　63. The number of new cases recognized at out-patient clinics was 190.

Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis.

　64. There were 12 cases notified with 5 deaths as compared with 26 cases and 13 deaths in 1951.

Measles.

　65. There were 674 cases with 77 deaths-a fatality rate of 11.4% compared with 528 cases with 39 deaths in 1951.

Pertussis.

　66. There were 452 cases notified with 5 deaths, giving a fatality rate of 1.1%, as compared with 747 cases with 20 deaths in 1951. This shows a marked decrease in incidence.

Chickenpox.

　67. There were 176 cases notified with 4 deaths as com- pared with 281 cases with 3 deaths in 1951, showing a consider- able fall in incidence.

Scarlet Fever.

　68. This disease is comparatively rare in the Colony. Four cases were notified with no deaths.

Puerperal Fever.

　69. Six cases were recorded with 1 death compared with 7 cases and no deaths in 1951.

Malaria.

70. There were 1,010 cases with 46 deaths recorded in 1952, as compared with 526 cases and 35 deaths in 1951. Most of the cases gave a history of having contracted the disease outside the area in which routine anti-malaria measures are in force.

Tuberculosis.

　　　　　71. There were 14,821 cases of all forms of Tuberculosis recorded during the year with 3,573 deaths, as compared with 13,886 with 4,190 deaths in 1951. It is noted that there was a welcome fall in the fatality rate to 24.1% for this year as com- pared with 30.2% in 1951.

　　　　　72. The six leading causes of deaths from communicable diseases are:-

Diseases

Cases

Total

Deaths

Fatality Rate

Chinese

Non-Chinese

1. Tuberculosis

2. Enteric fever

3. Diphtheria

4. Measles

+++

14778

14821

3573

24.1%

-------➖ ➖ ➖➖ ➖

1211

1230

158

12.8%

979

987

157

15.9%

647

674

11,4%

5. Malaria

962

1010

4.6%

---+-------- +

6. Bac. Dysentery

269

335

6.2%

Anti-Epidemic Measures

73. The anti-epidemic work consisted mainly of immuniza- tion against smallpox, cholera and diphtheria. A campaign against typhoid fever was also initiated. With assistance from U.N.I.C.E.F. a special campaign against diphtheria was

against inaugurated, the object being to protect 200,000 children in two years. Publicity was started early and by the end of the year 65,008 1st doses and 33,332 2nd doses were given. Before 31st March, 1953, however, the target figure of 200,000 had already been exceeded.

　74. Appendix 6 sets forth details of protective inoculations and vaccinations carried out during the year.

Port Health Administration

　75. The port was free from any quarantinable diseases during the year under review, with the exception of 2 imported cases and one local case of smallpox.

　76. Constant vigilance was exercised by Port Health Officers to prevent the introduction of plague into the Colony. Vessels from the mainland and plague infected ports were care- fully inspected and all cargo of such a nature as would attract and harbour rodents and fleas was disinsected or deratted as was found to be necessary.

　77. In fifty-two ships incoming cargo was inspected before unloading, and 3,703 bales of duck feathers and human hair were disinsected during the year.

　78. The number of vessels dealt with during the year was 3,268 and the numbers of passengers and crew were 44,710 and 186,940 respectively. The corresponding figures for the previous year were 3,742, 82,816 and 191,838.

　79. Due to travel restrictions, the number of persons who were inspected entering the Colony by its land frontier decreased to 163,695 as compared with 523,456 for 1951 and 1,452,698 for 1950.

　80. The Port Health Office continued to maintain very close liaison with the Epidemiological Intelligence Station, W.H.O., Singapore, throughout the year. Weekly telegrams reporting firstly, the health of the Port, and secondly, the restrictions imposed or withdrawn against other countries, were sent to W.H.O.

　81. The inspection of unberthed deck passengers travelling as emigrants was continued. Due to more rigid restrictions. imposed against travellers by most imigrant ports, and the limited number of contracted labour permitted, the total number of emigrants for the year was 5,276 as against 13,487 for 1951.

82. Bills of Health were still being sought by ship masters although most ports have, on the repeated recommendation of the W.H.O. abolished this requirement. The number of such documents issued during the year was 2,957 as compared with 2,769 during 1951.

　　　　　83. All passengers and crew of arriving aircraft were medically inspected, and the International Civil Aviation Organization's recommendation regarding the routine spraying of aircraft before arrival was insisted upon.

　　　　　84. There was a great decrease in the number of pas- sengers examined, only 18,992 being dealt with as compared with 32,669 in 1951,

Social Hygiene

　　　　　85. The anti-venereal disease organization is operated by the Senior Social Hygiene Officer who has to assist him, 5 medical officers and 25 other technical staff. Five clinics were operated, 2 in Kowloon and 3 on Hong Kong Island and, in addition, a small hospital with 28 beds was maintained for female cases.

　　　　　　　　　　　　Six beds for acute male cases were also available to the Senior Social Hygiene Officer in the Queen Mary Hospital.

　　　　　86. A close link was kept with ante-natal infant welfare and maternity services. In June, a new service for pregnant women, referred to the Social Hygiene Clinics by private mid- wives, was provided. Pregnant women desiring a blood test are given priority at the Clinics. Under the scheme 3,263 specimens were taken, out of which 91 were positive, giving a rate of 2.7%. Any pregnant woman found to have a positive test and who did not return for treatment was carefully and confiden- tially followed up. Routine pregnant blood tests were taken in all clinics and institutions. There was a total of 18,960 tests with a percentage positive rate of 3.3%.

87. The number of new cases dealt with was 23,565, of which 8,878 were females. The number of new cases in the previous year was 17,934. Total attendances during the year were 149,237 and 1,106 female patients were admitted to hospital.

88. The work of the Social Hygiene Health Visitors proved of value. Their duties consist of (1) tracing of contacts reported to the anti-V.D. section, and (2) follow-up of prostitutes who default from treatment. Contacts are reported by:

all branches of the armed forces,

clinic medical officers and other government

Medical officers,

private practitioners.

89. During the year, 1946 contact notifications were received, of which 895 (47.2%) were received during the last four months of the year, and 747 visits were made by the health visitors. Successful identification was achieved in 47.9% of contacts notified.

90. The follow-up of prostitutes who defaulted from treat- ment for syphilis was carried out in 111 cases. Success was achieved in 24 cases (21.6%). In over 66% of cases the patient had either changed her address or given a fictitious one. In 6 cases (5.4%) the patient did not act on the advice given by the health visitor.

91. A special effort was made to introduce a wider publicity on Venereal Disease. The distribution of posters, leaflets etc. was extended and in addition special lectures and film shows were given to many large commercial firms and Government departments.

92. Two surveys and reports by W.H.O. consultants in venereal diseases were made and many of the recommendations in both reports have been implemented.

Maternal and Child Health

93. The staff engaged on this work consisted of the Medical Officer-in-charge, 3 Medical Officers the Supervising and Train- ing Officer for Health Nurses and one health visitor. In addition, there were 28 health nurses. in operation during the year was 3. satisfactory and, in fact, were greater

The number of clinics Attendances were very than could be adequately

dealt with, with the staff and accommodation available. Plans for the expansion of this work were developed and, with the assistance of W.H.O. and U.N.I.C.E.F. a degree of expansion will be effected in the near future.

　　　　　94. The Maternal and Child Health medical staff, together with the Acting Supervisor and Training Officer of Health Nurses, attended a four weeks theoretical and practical obstetric course organized and conducted by the Obstetrical and Gynæcological Department of Hong Kong University Faculty of Medicine in collaboration with the staff of the Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital.

95. Following their refresher course the doctors jointly with health nursing staff organized a three weeks refresher course for Government District Midwives. Emphasis was placed on techniques, the role of the midwife in health education and her liaison function between the family and Government and voluntary social services.

96. A vigorous drive was also organized to stimulate midwives in private practice to encourage pregnant women to seek ante-natal care earlier and more often. Midwives were requested to report the state of health during the neo-natal period of each infant delivered by them,

　　　　　97. Midwifery Training Schools sent 57 pupil midwives to Health Centres for a one week health course. Welfare workers, teachers, social science students, teachers-in-training, senior school girls and others related to the health of the family unit attended specially prepared courses and paid observation visits. The total number of participants in this aspect of the pro- gramme was 1,230,

98. New attendances at Infant Welfare Sessions increased by 1,000 and revisits by 23,000. by 200 and revisits by 1,000. visits.

New ante-natal visits increased Health Nurses paid 11,160 home

99. Health Education techniques included puppet shadow plays and this novelty was appreciated by mothers, who with others related to family and community health were interested in simple talks, group discussions, demonstrations, film and film strips and competitions.

100. Undernourished pregnant women, nursing mothers and babies, as in former years, were given diet supplements from Government resources. Congee meals to the number of 36,095 were provided in the three main Centres and, as available, ovaltine drinks, chicken essence and chocolate bars were dis- tributed at all Centres. Milk drinks provided by U.N.I.C.E.F. were also distributed to the number of 186,380.

101. In Appendix 7 are set forth details of attendances at ante-natal and infant health clinics.

School Health

102. Students in Government and Subsidized schools pay $5 and those in Private and Grant-in-Aid schools pay $15 annually to participate in the School Health Scheme. Teachers from the Subsidized, Private and Grant-in-Aid schools are now also permitted to enter the scheme for an annual fee of $15. Teachers in Government schools receive free medical attention by virtue of their conditions of service.

103. Participants in the scheme are entitled to free medical and dental treatment and free spectacles when necessary. When hospitalized, only maintenance charges have to be paid.

104. Although the number of schools taking part in the scheme has increased from 314 to 356, there was no correspond- ing increase in the number of students participating. Of a total school population of 201,148 only about 20.4% took advantage of the scheme.

105. The numbers being dealt with at present are as much as existing facilities can cope with and any material increase in these numbers will necessitate an increase in clinics and staff. To provide in some measure for an anticipated increase and also

to improve existing facilities, provision is being made for new clinics to be incorporated in the plans of certain Government schools which are being built.

　　　　106. A total number of 56,285 medical inspections were carried out during the year, 21,533 on new entrants to the scheme, 9,399 at later ages and 25,353 re-inspections.

　　　　107. These inspections disclosed little change from the previous year in the general state of health of school children. No apparent defects were detected in 26.79% whilst 51.62% were found to be suffering from minor defects requiring them to be kept under observation. The remainder required clinical treatment. Dental caries was again the commonest single defect.

108. The nutritional standard of new entrants was prac tically as in previous years, namely 82.36% were normal, 16.83% slightly below normal and only .81% poor.

　　　　109. Routine inspections of school premises were carried out during the year by the School Health Inspectorate which also dealt with 197 fresh applications for premises to be used as schools.

Malaria and Mosquito Control

110. The population at risk in the areas controlled by the department is approximately 2,250,000 Chinese, and 25,000 Europeans the latter figure does not include the Services. The cost of the work, which is by larval control methods is equivalent to some 20 cents per head of the population per annum. This also includes the cost of control of nuisance mosquitoes. In addition to the protection of the civilian population, much con- sultative work is done, and many surveys are carried out on behalf of the Services in the New Territories and outlying islands.

　　　　111. In addition to these control measures, investigations were carried out to determine the level of immunity of the rural population in the New Territories, and the value of DDT as a residual spray in the control of rural malaria. Work was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of several new larvicides.

CONTROL

Imagocides

112. Residual spraying by DDT was made use of in the following circumstances:

areas.

(i) As a supplementary barrier check in Chinese villages on the perimeter of the larval controlled This was done at three-monthly intervals. (ii) The perimeter villages surrounding five Army Camps in the New Territories, in an attempt to minimize the number of latent Benign Tertian infections among the troops taking paludrine prophylactically.

(iii) All Government quarters in the New Territories.

Control of Breeding.

113. Control was effected by spraying with water miscible Gammexane. Excellent results were obtained with this insec- ticide, and after two years use, no larval resistance appears to have developed as has been the case here with regard to the common house fly.

114. In addition to this routine work, the area of control was extended for one mile round the Airport in connexion with the resettlement of squatters in the neighbouring area of Ngau Tau Kok. Further, in the New Territories, many miles of drainage, stream training, etc., was carried out to protect the personnel engaged in the construction of the Tai Lam Chung Dam. These areas are also under routine spraying with Gammexane.

Result of Control.

115. Numerous checking catches and surveys were made by anti-malarial staff in the controlled area. Except in two isolated instances on private property, no anophelines, either larvæ or adults, could be found. Incoming aircraft were similarly searched with negative results.

116. This does not mean that the larval control programme can be relaxed in any way. A sharp reminder of this fact occurred on three occasions during the year when, outbreaks

　　　of malaria occurred in three areas on the Island. Further, checks have shown that heavy vehicular traffic from the New Territories, the Railway, and some 400 junks, are daily pouring their quota of mosquitoes into the controlled area,

Malaria Incidence.

117. The civilian European population at risk is approxi- mately 25,000 and from these 15 cases of malaria were notified during the year as compared with 12 cases in the previous year. From the 2,250,000 Chinese in Hong Kong and Kowloon, 951 cases were reported as compared with 526 in the previous year.

118. Forty-six deaths were attributed to malaria in the Colony as a whole, constituting .23 per cent of all deaths. In 1932, 454 deaths were attributed to malaria accounting for 2.28 per cent of all deaths,

Insecticides.

　　　　　119. W.H.O. has asked for the active co-operation of Govern- ments and field workers in the development of insecticides for malaria control. Following reports from Malaya of the success of emulsion concentrates and high spread DDT in oil, as larvi- cides, experiments were carried out in the New Territories by a combined team from the Malaria Bureau, the Army Hygiene Unit from Malaya, and the Asiatic Petroleum Co.

120. The results were inconclusive and did not determine the most important point, namely the phytocytic effect of the concentrate on growing rice. The Malaria Bureau has agreed to continue experimenting, using the concentrate emulsion on selected areas of paddy in the New Territories for the control of both first and second crops i.e. from April to the end of November.

Laboratory.

121. In addition to the routine checking, much work was done on two intimately connected problems, namely the possible use of residual spraying of DDT or Gammexane as a method of malaria control in the New Territories, and the investigation

of the high level of immunity among the native New Territories population together with the progressive lowering of the trans- mission rate of this disease since the Japanese occupation.

122. In regard to the former, morning catches of mosquitoes were made daily in selected villages in the New Territories. Some were in villages in flat areas where A. hyrcanus prevails and some in hillfoot villages where A. jeyporiensis and A. minimus predominate. Altogether 9,445 anophelines were dissected but none were found to be infected. In the morning catches, after very careful search, it became increasingly clear that A. minimus and A. jeyporiensis were only to be found resting in houses where cattle or pigs were also housed, whereas any number of well fed C. fatigans were obtained without difficulty in the dwellings containing no cattle.

123. Confirmation of this habit of the local species largely resting where cattle were housed was confirmed in the results of precipitin tests on blood taken from the mosquitoes. In 322 tests carried out, 198 were positive for cattle, 17 for pig, 13 for dog, and only 21 for human blood. This means that propor- tionately only about some 600 of the 9,445 dissected mosquitoes are likely to contain human blood. Further confirmation of this point is available from observation of the night biting habits of the local anophelines. Over a period of 20 days the number of anophelines biting two human bait in a nissen hut in the New Territories was observed from dusk to dawn. There were no cattle in the hut, and in this period, 757 anopheline mosquitoes were counted biting. A subsequent morning search of the building revealed only two anophelines. However, it is proposed to spray two entire villages where catching has been carried out for a year, and to observe the effect on the morning catches of . mosquitoes, and the blood parasite rate of the inhabitants.

124. In regard to the natural immunity of the New Terri- tories population to malaria, this is undoubtedly high. It was found that new cases now largely occur among incoming Northerners and other non-immunes.

125. Recent examinations in the New Territories villages show a very low blood parasite rate, an average of 4.33% in October and 1.51% in March. This immunity does not appear to be obtained at the expense of a high infantile mortality rate.

Tải Lam Chung.

126. At Tai Lam Chung Dam, malaria control work com- menced six months before the coolie lines were occupied. The value of this precaution is evidenced by the fact that no cases of malaria have so far occurred amongst the present labour force of 240.

Tuberculosis Control

127. Some idea of the magnitude of Hong Kong's tuber- culosis problem may be obtained from the fact that tuberculin testing indicates that almost 95% of the population above the age of 14 years has already been infected by the disease. The large numbers of unemployed and the consequent low standard of living, added to overcrowding almost without parallel, gives rise to a set of circumstances in which one might expect to find the disease in epidemic form. More than one-third of the deaths from tuberculosis occurred in children under the age of 5 years, mainly from progressive primary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis. With these facts in mind a B.C.G. programme was commenced with the ultimate object of attempting to offer vaccination to all new born children. In adults morbidity was highest in the 30 - 35 age group, and mortality greatest in middle and later life. The high racial resistance of the local population prevents the disease from exacting a higher toll of life but produces at the same time a type of disease which gives rise to a large proportion of infectious ambulant cases, which, in view of the type of housing and the degree of overcrowding, pass on the disease to their numerous close contacts. In these circum- stances a realistic control programme is virtually impossible. Satisfactory home isolation is impracticable and hospital isolation is impossible because of the shortage of hospital beds. While the tuberculosis services may, with their present resources, do much to assist the individual sufferer, the present scale of operations is unlikely to affect the problem as a whole.

'25

Rehousing, of necessity on the same sites, on the same total area, and at an economic rent, but providing separate accommodation for families and members of families, would probably do more to reduce the tuberculosis morbidity and mortality figures than any other measure.

128. The relative importance of tuberculosis as a cause of death in the Colony has increased steadily since 1948, reaching its peak in 1951. The year under review showed a decrease. Below the same trend is shown in the death-rate from tuber- culosis per 100,000 estimated population.

Year

% deaths due to tuberculosis

D/R per

100,000

1948.

14.6

108.9

1949.

16.0

140.6

1950.

17.7

144

1951 1952.

20.0

200

+++

18.4

158.8

129. It is probable that the sharp rise in the mortality rate in 1951 resulted from the sudden rise of population in the preceding year, the effects of which are now decreasing, with a resulting fall of the rate to a more normal figure.

130. The age distribution of deaths from tuberculosis (all forms) remained substantially unchanged. Tuberculous meningitis, however, accounted for an increased percentage of the total, whilst tuberculosis, other forms, remained unchanged. Respiratory tuberculosis still accounted for the majority of deaths. The greatest mortality from respiratory tuberculosis occurred in infants under 5 years of age, female deaths being more numerous than those in males. At all other ages deaths among males were more numerous, this being particularly noticeable in the 40-44 age group where male deaths reached their highest level.

131. In appendices 8, 9, 10, are set forth notifications and deaths from tuberculosis.

Morbidity.

132. The number of notifications received showed a slight increase as compared with last year, by far the majority originating in Government institutions. Notifications from private practitioners still constituted a surprisingly small proportion of the total. The figures for 1951 and 1952 are as follows:

Government Tuberculosis Clinics

Government Institutions

Non-Government Institutions

Private Practitioners

Total

1952

1951

Harcourt 3,948

3,858

-------11

Kowloon

3,534

3,038

6,144

5,522

301

624

894

944

14,821

13,886

tuberculosis

showed

133. Notifications of respiratory

　　　maximum incidence in the 20-40 age group, falling off gradually thereafter. The incidence was higher in males at all ages, the disparity being less marked in the younger age groups. This was probably due to the marked preponderance of males in the Colony. This male preponderance is due to men coming to the Colony in search of work but leaving wives and families behind in their villages in China. This factor does not affect the younger age group so that among children the incidence rates for males and females are more closely approximated.

Out-patient Facilities.

}

　　　　134. The only large scale free diagnostic service was provided at two Government Tuberculosis Clinics in Harcourt Health Centre and the recently constructed clinic in Kowloon, Each employed four medical officers who were also available for staffing the four additional sub-clinics operated in outlying districts which were open once per week. One medical officer visited St. John Hospital, Cheung Chau, to carry on the treat- ment of tuberculosis patients there.

135. Combined attendances at all clinics showed a slight drop as compared with last year, the decrease being due to a reduction in first visits of voluntary attenders. Revisits showed a further increase, a fact which was also noted in the previous year. Details of attendances are as follows:

1952

1951

First Visits

28,284

34,838

Return Visits (Consultation only)

----

73,706

69,596

Total Visits:

101,990

104,434

136. The figure for return visits does not take account of the number of treatment visits recorded during the year, of which accurate details are not available. (These have, however, increased at least threefold as compared with the previous year). Again, it does not take account of the 14,940 visits made for milk powder nor the return visits, numbering about 300 - 350 per day, made by patients for symptomatic treatment.

137. The origin of new patients was as follows:

Voluntary attenders

1952

1951

22,751

28,459

Contacts

1,143

1,801

Referred by

{

Private practitioners

Hospitals

591

530

\+++

1,524

1,472

Government Servants-

Surveys (non-Government)

Private School Teachers

Routine

Voluntary

742

483

Survey

129

+ L

1,894

1,078

271

128

Total:

28,284

34,838

138. Condition of new patients on first attendance:

(1) Examination incomplete

a) Attended but did not complete examination

b) Examination or diagnosis incomplete as

31.12.52

(2) Examined and found to be non-tubercular

(3) Examined and found to be suffering from tuberculosis:

a) Active

b) Quiescent

c) Arrested

Total:

2,269

1,412

3,681

14,999

5,793

2,613

1,198

9,604

28,284

139. Although there has been a drop of 17% in the total number of cases of tuberculosis diagnosed during the year the distribution of cases according to extent of disease remains unchanged. The number of active minimal cases attending for the first time was 2,233. Only a small percentage of these were able to obtain treatment in hospital.

Radiological Examinations.

140. All radiological examinations were carried out for the Tuberculosis Service by the staff of the X-ray department work- ing under the control of the Senior Radiologist. In Hong Kong the X-ray examinations were carried out in Queen Mary Hospital and in Kowloon in the Tuberculosis Clinic. All new patients except young children, on first attendance were examined on 35 m.m. film. Details of the work done are as follows:-

35 m.m.

Large films or paper

Harcourt Tuberculosis Clinic

Kowloon Tuberculosis Clinic

31,854

18,856

15,111

15,437

Bacteriological Examinations.

141. Bacteriological investigations are carried out by the Government Pathological Institute. Details of the examinations

are as follows:

Sputum

Materials examined

Gastric Contents...........

---- ILEHHHHH.....................

Pleural fluid

PETITINTI-

Positive

Negative

Total

3,116

10,361

13,477

104

131

Out-patient Treatment.

142. The following are the details of out-patient investiga- tions and treatment carried out in the clinics.

1952

1951

Blood Sedimentation Rate

-------T-b-T-L

34,241

No record

Artificial Pneumothorax-

Initial

Refills

1,307

546

Completed treatment

Abandoned (unsatisfactory)

Artificial Pneumoperitoneum-

Initial

Refills

2,765

875

Completed treatment

Abandoned (unsatisfactory)

ILJI -JILI

Pleural Aspirations

143. As a direct result of the shortage of hospital beds increasing resort was had to out-patient treatment with specific drugs, which has been accepted as an unsatisfactory alternative.

Treated by Iso-nicotinic Acid (INAH) Hydra-

zide 3 months course ................

Failed to complete

Still under

Completed

treatment

171

Treated by Sodium Para-amino Salicylate

(P.A.5.) (alone) 3 months course

223

Treated by Sodium Para-amino Salicylate

and streptomycin 6 months course......

　　　　　144. Treatment by INAH was started following a trial series of 20 cases. The results of this trial indicated that in about 50% of cases radiological and clinical improvement could be obtained in selected cases in 3 months without hospital treat- ment. The cheapness and palatability of the drug were an advantage in local circumstances. Although certain of the apparently improved cases subsequently relapsed, the results obtained were considered sufficiently encouraging to justify treatment of a further series of cases.

145. PAS alone has been made use of for some considerable time and results in early cases, if not dramatic, justify the time and money expended. Also many hospital admissions have, as a result, been avoided.

146. Treatment with streptomycin and PAS in combination was started in the latter part of the year in an attempt to reduce to some extent the number of infectious cases at large in the community. It is too early as yet to evaluate this form of outpatient treatment.

Hospital Treatment.

147. Hospital admissions for investigation of lung conditions or treatment of proved pulmonary tuberculosis were arranged as follows:-

1952

1951

Ruttonjee Sanatorium

Priority cases

----------|

Through the clinics 213

189

Government Hospitals

Priority cases

213

210

General Public

265

273

Total

773

724

Kuttonjee Sanatorium.

148. This Sanatorium operated by the Hong Kong Anti- Tuberculosis Association, has again expanded during the year from 140 to 163 beds. Only cases of pulmonary tuberculosis are admitted and apart from priority cases who are mainly employees of the principal subscribers to the Association, all cases are admitted through the Government Tuberculosis Clinics. After admission the Association is responsible for treatment and aftercare, but financial assistance is given by the Government Tuberculosis Almoner. The Association publishes its own report on the results of treatment.

Government Hospitals.

149. The beds available in Government Hospitals are located as follows:

1. Queen Mary Hospital:

Special class and general ward accommodation for surgical and investigation cases

Lai Chi Kok Hospital (including 10 cots)

St. John's Hospital, Cheung Chau

(Minimal or convalescent cases only)

208

150. It is obvious that the widespread distribution of the beds adds considerably to the administrative problems of the Government Tuberculosis Service. Owing to the type of accom- modation available, no occupational therapy is possible though a start has been made with diversional therapy.

151. Steady improvement in the standard of treatment has been apparent but, for various reasons, surgical treatment has been limited although the amount carried out was considerably greater than in the previous year.

152. Details of admissions and discharges are as follows:

1952

1051

Remaining in hospital at last day of previous year

285

293

Admissions

*478

483

Re-admitted after temporary transfer

+ LI

Discharge:

(a) Completed treatment-

(i) Improved

(ii) Materially unchanged

(ii) Worse

(b) Against medical advice

(e) Died

　　　(d) Transferred to other hospitals Remaining in hospital at end of year

350

351

309

286

　　　　153. There has been a slight increase in the average dura- tion of hospital treatment. This is in part due to the increasing amount of surgical treatment being undertaken which, while it requires slightly longer convalescence, appears to produce more satisfactory results.

154. The large number of discharges under (a) (ii) of para. 152 above, is principally accounted for by cases admitted for investigation and found to be suffering from other untreat- able chest diseases.

155. The low number of deaths occurring in hospital results from the careful selection of patients for admission. The majority of the deaths occurred in dependents of government servants who are regarded as priority cases and admitted regardless of condition. The majority of these are in an advanced stage before seeking treatment.

156. The following is a summary of treatment given in hospitals:

* including 52 re-admissions

1952

1951

Induction

ILIIL

195

A. P. T.

Refills

Pneumolysis

Abandoned

1,889

306

Induction

158

+++

A. P. P.

Refills

2,753

351

Phrenic crush

207

...

Thoracoplasty

Bronchoscopy

Number of patients treated by Streptomycin &

PAS

154

136

157. It is obvious from the above that much more energetic treatment is being carried out in the hospitals and that, contrary to fashion elsewhere, A.P.T. still enjoys considerable popularity. It is the conviction of all medical staff engaged in treatment, that results from A.P.T. are much more satisfactory than in A.P.P. No case of pyopneumothorax following A.P.T. occurred during the year. This, it is belived, was due to the careful selection of cases and their subsequent careful management. At the same time the type of disease encountered in adults in the Colony is of a less acute type than is found in many other parts of the world and thus the occurrence of this grave com- plication is much less likely.

158. No untoward result occurred following thoracoplasty but failure to convert the sputum occurred in two cases. These had giant cavities and, in other circumstances, might have been treated by lobectomy.

159. The administration of streptomycin with PAS was carefully controlled and this form of treatment was carried out in about one-fifth of the total number of cases treated.

Social Work.

160. All social case work in connexion with the tuberculosis patients is carried out by the Tuberculosis Almoner who, with her four assistants, constitutes the link between the purely

　　　medical side of the work in the clinic or hospital and the patient and his family in the home. All patients, as soon as the diagnosis of tuberculosis is made, are interviewed in the Almoner's department and details of social and economic circum- stances recorded for future reference. The social problems which normally beset the tuberculosis sufferer are considerably aggravated in the Colony because of the widespread overcrowd- ing and lack of employment and the burdens on the Almoners' section are very considerable. Funds amounting to $30,000 were made available initially for assisting patients for the year as compared with $100,000 in the year 1951-52, so that a drastic cut in the help given had to be made in the first 4 months of the year. Subsequently an additional $70,000 was made avail- able. The money from this fund is used in several ways and may be issued in the form of cash payments for dependents and for assistance in rehabilitation, or in the form of milk powder which is issued principally to patients undergoing out-patient treatment, and to contacts. A scale of weekly cash allowances has been laid down for guidance but these allowances are available only to early cases under treatment in hospital and who have been obliged to give up work to undergo treatment. The scale of allowances is as follows:

First Second

Dependent

Third Subsequent

$15

$12

$ 9

$ 5

49 49 69-

　　　　　161. Allowances are also made for such fixed charges as rent, school fees, etc. The maximum amount paid must not exceed 75% of the worker's wage. Often the allowance may be considerably less than this figure.

162. Re-employment of patients on discharge from hospital is not easy.

A few firms are prepared to give sick leave, with or without pay, to their employees and undertake to re-employ them when fit. In the majority of instances, however, sickness means loss of work with no hope of re-employment on restora- tion to working capacity as the market is already flooded with fit and healthy unemployed. As a result, the only available means of assisting hospital patients on discharge is by the

provision, for individuals who qualify, of hawkers licences, although, in view of the competition in this sphere, it is not easy to make a livelihood in this way. These facts contribute materially to the tuberculosis problems, increase the relapse rate and constitute a major worry for the Almoners' department.

163. The work of the Almoners' Department is summarized below:-

Number of patients interviewed

Admissions to hospitals arranged

12,116

773

Transfers between tuberculosis hospitals

238

Blood donors arranged

Number of families given financial assistance

101

Average weekly grant

$23.02

Milk powder distributed (1 lb. per patients per week)

14,940

Home visits

606

Hawkers Licences oblained

Patients (or relatives) placed in employment

Tuberculosis Visitors.

164, The Tuberculosis Visitors, 23 in number, work under the direction of the Almoners. These girls have no training in nursing but have had special training within the Department to equip them for the work. Their principal functions are to make reports on home conditions, to arrange contact examina- tions, and to educate the patient, in his own home, in simple methods of limiting spread of infection. In addition to the visitation of cases attending the clinics, visits are also made. to cases of tuberculosis notified from other sources.

165. A summary of work done by this staff is as follows:

Total number of first visits made

Total number of revisits

Addresses not found

Contact examinations arranged

Number of patients known to have---

(a) Died

(b) Left the Colony

10,083

3,315

+++++

1,401

11,980

1,114

289

Contact Examination.

　　　　166. Examination of contacts is so arranged that only contacts under 8 years of age need attend the tuberculosis clinic for tuberculin test which, if positive, is followed by X-ray examination, and, if negative, is followed by B.C.G. vaccination. Contacts over 8 years of age attend the X-ray department and only if the findings are positive need they attend again.

167. The results of contact examination were as follows:-

Tuberculin Tests of contacts 8 years and under

Clinical findings in contacts

　under 8 years who have had positive Mantoux test

Clinical findings of contacts over 8 years of age sub- sequent to X-ray

amination

Active tuberculosis

Inactive

Suspicious

+++

Active tuberculosis

Inactive

ex-

Suspicious

Free of tuberculosis

Total number of contacts all ages X-rayed

Contacts under 8 years with negative tuberculin test Grand total of contacts examined

B.C.G. Campaign.

2,930

200

320

275

164

452

5,260

7,555

1,526

9,081

168. The B.C.G. Campaign commenced on 1st April, 1952 with assistance from U.N.I.C.E.F. and W.H.O. Three teams, each consisting of three vaccinators and one clerk, were provided by the department and trained by W.H.O. personnel. Con- currently a team was recruited and maintained by the Hong Kong Anti-Tuberculosis Association at the Ruttonjee Sana- torium to provide facilities for the general public down to the age of 2 years. For convenience this unit is referred as

Team IV.

169. The plan of operation of the government scheme was arranged to take place in the following phases:

(1) Vaccination of all school children.

(2) Mass campaign among the general public and

organized groups.

(3) Vaccination of pre-school children and, if a suit- able method could be determined, newborn children.

170. Phase 1. All schools were dealt with systematically and each child was given an explanatory leaflet to take home to his parents. In all cases where parents did not object, children were tuberculin tested and negative reactors vaccinated. The speed of this operation exceeded all expectations and all schools were dealt with in less than one year, after which plans were made for vaccination of all new entrants.

171. During school holidays various temporary centres were set up at widely scattered locations in the Colony but, despite publicity, the response was disappointing.

172. Phase 2. Largely as a result of the experience of Team IV which found that over 94% of adults (ie. 15 years and upwards) were tuberculin positive, it was decided to modify the original scheme as planned by deleting phase 2 and proceeding to phase 3

173. Phase 3. This phase of the campaign continued in operation at the end of the year. B.C.G. vaccination was offered on a house to house basis to all, irrespective of age but with the particular object of dealing with all pre-school children. At the same time vaccinators attended Infant Welfare Centres, so that those who so desired might have their children vaccinated without delay. There was also one vaccinator carrying out vaccinations of newborn babies at the Queen Mary Hospital, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Nethersole Hospital and Eastern Maternity Hospital.

174. Vaccination of newborns would appear to be the procedure of choice in view of the high mortality from tuber- culosis of very young children.

175. Investigations have been carried out to determine a method of vaccination which is suitable for newborn children and which will produce minimum complications. Intradermal inoculation in newborn children presents some

presents some technical

difficulties and requires highly trained operators if complications are to be kept to a minimum. Other methods were explored but the results are not yet available. Eventually it is hoped that all children born in the large maternity institutions will be vaccinated before discharge, while those born elsewhere can be attended to at the child welfare centres.

　　　176. The details of tuberculin testing and vaccinations carried out up to 31st December, 1952 are as follows:-

Completed Tests

Period Starting covered

Newborn babies

test

Positive

Negative Vaccinated vaccinated

Total vaccinated

From 7.4.52

206,828 138,490

38,238

38,173

3,120

41,293

to 31.12.52

X-ray Surveys.

177. Surveys were carried out on a limited scale as it was considered that they serve no useful purpose unless it is within the scope of available facilities to assess and deal with the cases found by X-ray. The mobile X-ray unit has a capacity far beyond the other services and as a result is only in part time use. Each year a survey of Government employees is carried out, the results of this examination during the year under review are as follows:

Total number X-rayed

Total requiring clinical check-up Left service

Non-tubercular

---L

19,611

2,640

629

(a) Active

212

Tuberculosis: (b) Quiescent

[[+++

1,293

504

Total

+++++

2,640

178. The number of new cases of tuberculosis found as a

result of survey was 78.

179. Survey work was carried out on behalf of private firms on request and subject to certain conditions. The number of firms and private organizations dealt with totalled 27 and the composite findings were as follows:

Total number X-rayed

Total number requiring clinical check-up

10,461

1,632

554

1,078

393

110

385

154

1,078

Total referred to firms Medical Officer for examination Total number examined by Tuberculosis Clinics Failed to complete examination

Non-tubercular

+++

a) Active

Tuberculosis: (b) Quiescent

Total

IV. HOSPITALS

Introduction

180. The Government maintains and operates eleven general and special hospitals and provides financial assistance to five other hospitals operated by voluntary organizations. In addi- tion, there are in the Colony ten private hospitals which do not receive financial assistance from Government. The numbers of beds available in the three groups are 1836, 1494, and 938 respectively. Details of the categories of beds available in these hospitals and the numbers of in-patients treated are shown in Appendices 11 and 12. In Appendix 13 are details of in-patients treated in Government and Government assisted Hospitals during the year classified according to the International Standard Classification (Intermediate List of 150 causes). The military and naval authorities maintain three hospitals for their personnel.

Government Hospitals

181. The Government Hospitals comprise three general hospitals, two maternity hospitals, two infectious diseases hospitals, a venereal disease hospital for women, the mental hospital and two prison hospitals. Brief comments on each of these institutions follow:

Queen Mary Hospital.

182. This institution, the largest and best equipped general hospital in the Colony, is situated on Hong Kong Island. Com- pleted in 1938, it has 580 beds and serves as the teaching hospital for the Medical Faculty of Hong Kong University. It is also the main Government Nursing Training School. The medical staff consists of 38 and, in addition, there are 10 house officers. Excluding the house officers, rather less than 50% of the medical staff is provided by the University of Hong Kong,

　　　　183. In view of the pressure on hospital beds in the Colony, this institution was, generally speaking, a hospital for acute cases and the volume of work undertaken was very considerable indeed, showing a substantial increase on that of the previous year. The number of beds in the hospital was not increased during the year and the only notable addition to the buildings was the new premises, completed towards the end of the year, to accommodate the Blood Bank and a Central Surgical Supply Service. This new building, specially designed and equipped, provides adequate facilities which were lacking in the past.

184. A notable addition to the hospital's equipment was a Telecurie Therapy Apparatus (Cobalt Bomb) which was installed but not yet in operation by the close of the year.

185. The number of in-patients treated during the year was 10,618 as compared with 10,322 in the previous year. Out- patient facilities are not normally provided at Queen Mary Hospital but the number of out-patient attendances during the year was 20,273 which was largely accounted for by attendances at special clinics and for dressings.

Kowloon Hospital.

186. This hospital with 230 beds is the general hospital for the Mainland. During the year, there was a considerable increase in the volume of work achieved. Overcrowding occurred and there were long waiting lists for admission, clear evidence of the inadequacy of the hospital to meet the needs of the population of Kowloon.

187. The total number of in-patients treated was 8,651 which was an increase of 111% on the figure for the previous year. As in the case of Queen Mary Hospital, the majority of cases dealt with were acute and it is noteworthy that of all admissions, excluding maternity admissions, 35% were accidents, assaults, attempted suicides or attempted homicides.

188. There was no significant increase in the in-patient accommodation during the year but improvements were effected in the out-patient department where a new Casualty Department was erected. This relieved accommodation in the general out- patient department for a short time but this space was rapidly taken up by increased attendances. Total out-patient attend- ances numbered 640,701, a figure some 11% greater than that of the previous year, and more than four times the attendances in 1947. Of the total attendances, 545,259 were new cases. To deal with the large number of attendances it was necessary to operate the out-patient department in two shifts which extended from 9.00 a.m. to 12.00 midnight daily.

189. An important addition to the hospital's facilities during the year was the provision of a Blood Bank which opened in November, 1952. This was an immediate success and met a longstanding need.

St. John Hospital, Cheung Chau.

190. This hospital of 101 beds, situated on the island of Cheung Chau, to the west of Hong Kong Island, serves the fishing population of the island and the large floating population based thereon. In addition, patients come for treatment from the villages on the neighbouring islands. The hospital is owned by the St. John Ambulance Association but is, at present administered and operated by Government under a 5-year agree- ment which terminates at the end of 1954.

191. As with all other medical institutions, there was an increase in the work carried out during the year. In-patients. numbered 1,683 and out-patients 16,830 compared with 1,593

in-patients and 13,945 out-patients in the previous year. Of the total number of in-patients 379 were maternity cases. Nearly half of the beds, in fact 42, were reserved for tuberculosis cases admitted, not only from the population served by the hospital directly, but transferred for convalescence from other institu- tions in the Colony.

Tsan Yuk Hospital.

192. This maternity hospital of 85 beds is situated in a con- gested area of Hong Kong Island. With even this small number of beds it is the largest maternity hospital in the Colony. The buildings are old and unsuitable but in spite of this, a very large amount of work was carried out, the standard of which was very high. Nevertheless, it is gratifying to know that planning of a new 200 bed maternity hospital to replace the present institution is now well under way. A sum of $3,500,000 has been presented to Government by the Hong Kong Jockey Club to build and equip this new institution, work on which, it is hoped, will commence during 1953.

　　　　193. Throughout the past three years, the work of the present hospital has shown a steady and great increase and, during the year under review, this trend continued, there being 7,216 admissions and 6,737 deliveries as compared with the corresponding figures of 6,199 and 5,819 in the previous year. These large figures were only possible by seriously restricting the length of stay in hospital of individual patients. The average length of stay was 3-4 days. The practice was to transport to their homes as many normal patients as possible on the first or second day after delivery to receive domiciliary care by visiting midwives. This arrangement was not accepted as a satisfactory one and was only made use of to meet in part, the very great demands on the hospital. In spite of all this, the hospital's performance was very satisfactory as is reflected in a maternal mortality rate of 0.7 per thousand, a still birth rate of 13.2 per thousand births and a neo-natal death rate of 12.2 per thousand live births.

194. The hospital continued to be the most important train- ing centre in the Colony for medical students and midwives. All medical students from the University, in groups of five or six undergo a month of resident training in the hospital. The number of pupil midwives in training during the year was 32.

Eastern Maternity Hospital.

195. This hospital, situated in the eastern district of the city of Victoria, has 24 beds but this number was frequently exceeded by the addition of temporary beds. Admissions during the year numbered 2,706 and there were 2,626 deliveries. The corresponding figures for the previous year were 2,331 and 2,288. During the year, the maternal mortality rate was .038 per thousand, there being only one death. There were 16 still births and 20 neo-natal deaths, providing rates of 6.1 per thou- sand and 7.7 per thousand respectively.

Sai Ying Pun Hospital.

196. This is the Infectious Diseases Hospital for Hong Kong Island. It has 88 beds but this number was, at various times during the year, considerably exceeded when it was necessary to install temporary beds. Throughout the year, all available beds were filled-in summer, mainly with cases of gastro-intestinal infections and, in the cooler months, with cases of diphtheria and infections of the upper respiratory tract. The diphtheria epidemic which occurred towards the end of the year threw a considerable strain on the hospital. The number of cases of this infection admitted was 466, among which there were 48 deaths, a mortality rate of 10.3%.

197. The second most important cause of admission was typhoid fever, of which 173 cases were dealt with. In this group, there were 15 deaths, a mortality rate of 8.6%. The total number of in-patients treated during the year was 1,761 as compared with 1,632 in the previous year.

198. The hospital is not large enough to meet the needs of the Island population, and the type of accommodation is not entirely suitable. A new and larger Infectious Diseases Hospital is an obvious requirement which should be met in the very near future.

Lai Chi Kok Hospital.

199. This hospital with 490 beds is the Infectious Diseases Hospital for the Mainland but it has additional functions, part of it being used as a Tuberculosis Hospital and part as a Con- valescent Hospital for cases from Queen Mary Hospital and Kowloon General Hospitals.

　　　　　200. The Infectious Disease Section has 102 beds and a total of 1,308 cases were treated during the year. This was an increase of 315 cases on the previous year. The two most important causes for admission to this section were again typhoid fever and diphtheria, of which there were respectively 423 and 354 cases. Measles accounted for 240 admissions and meningitis for 68. The large majority of the cases of meningitis were of tuberculous origin and there were only four admissions of meningococcal meningitis.

201. The Tuberculosis Section of the hospital consists of 208 beds and these were filled to capacity throughout the year. The total number of cases treated was 577, of which 371 were new admissions. Admission of all cases was arranged through the clinics operated by the Tuberculosis Service. They were care- fully selected and priority was given to early and active cases.

202. The section of the hospital devoted to convalescent patients consists of 180 beds. During the year 2,131 cases were treated, the majority of which were orthopaedic cases. No major alterations or additions were made in the hospital but there were a number of minor improvements which added to the amenities of the institution.

Wanchai Social Hygiene Hospital.

203. This hospital is situated in a congested area of Victoria in an old and, in many ways, unsuitable building. The property is in need of extensive repairs but it was not found possible to effect these as it is in the charge of the Custodian of Property, and it has not yet been decided whether or not Government will acquire it.

204. Accommodation available consists of 20 beds and 8 cots and they were kept fully occupied throughout the year. The number of admissions was 1,111 as compared with 1,074 in 1951.

Mental Hospital.

205. The Mental Hospital is situated on Hong Kong Island and occupies out-moded buildings with less than adequate accom- modation. Reasonable accommodation exists for 140 patients but the year commenced with 224 and ended with 260, Over- crowding was very serious and the cause of great concern to the staff responsible for the institution.

206. In the past, when there was free movement between the Colony and China, many families sent mentally afflicted relatives back to their villages on the Mainland and, in addition, there was an arrangement whereby citizens of China suffering from mental illness were transferred to the Mental Hospital in Canton. This pattern is entirely changed and today the Colony's Mental Hospital, has perforce, a heavier burden to carry than that for which it was designed. Again, with the influx of very large numbers of refugees to the Colony, the population now to be served by the Mental Hospital is very much greater than before.

207. A new and modern Mental Hospital, providing a con- siderable increase in accommodation, is urgently necessary and plans for the provision of a new institution are under active consideration.

208. During the year, there were 646 first admissions and 204 re-admissions. From this number it was possible to dis- charge 464 persons with their symptoms fully remitted and a further 193 with symptoms partially remitted.

209. In spite of the unsatisfactory conditions in the hospital which would tend to make the institution merely a place of restraint a large amount of useful therapy was undertaken. All recognized modern methods of treatment were made use of, including leucotomy. In spite also of the limitation of space, a considerable amount of occupational therapy was undertaken,

the main activities being rattan work and tailoring, but selected patients performed laundry work, sewing, mending and general ward work. Recreational facilities were limited, but badminton and table tennis were available and cinema shows were, from time to time, given by the United States Information Service and the British Council.

Stanley Prison Hospital.

210. This hospital, with three wards of 16 beds each and 6 isolation cells, is situated within the precincts of the Colony's main prison. The daily average population of the prison was 2,770 and during the year 7,539 persons were admitted to prison, All new admissions were examined by the Medical Officer.

211. Admissions to the prison hospital numbered 914 which were classified as follows:

General Cases

Infectious Cases

Tuberculosis Cases

Mental Cases

651

167

　　　　212. The total number of prisoners reporting sick was 55,922, the daily average being 153. A considerable number of prisoners were found to be suffering from pulmonary tuber- culosis and a medical officer of the Tuberculosis Service paid a weekly visit to the prison to see these cases. The daily average number was 39 but with the introduction of routine X-ray examination of new entrants, it can be anticipated that this figure will be increased.

　　　　　213. Venereal diseases continued to be of considerable signi- ficance in the prison population and a medical officer of the Social Hygiene Service conducted weekly clinics throughout the year. Average daily attendances numbered 64 and the total number of new cases encountered during the year was 4,262,

214. Dental treatment was provided by a Government dental surgeon who regularly attended the prison twice each month. A total of 821 cases were dealt with.

Lai Chi Kok Female Prison Hospital.

215. This small hospital of 12 beds is situated within the precincts of the Colony's female prison. Medical attention is provided by one of the medical officers from the near by Lai Chi Kok Hospital. Total admissions numbered 129, of which 7 were maternity cases.

Government Assisted Hospitals

216. These are five in number. They are operated by charitable associations, namely, the Tung Wah Hospitals Advisory Board, the London Missionary Society and the Hong Kong Anti-Tuberculosis Association.

Tung Wah Group of Hospitals.

217. The Tung Wah Board of Directors, whose charitable activities are not restricted to medical matters, are responsible for the running of three hospitals, two on Hong Kong Island, namely, the Tung Wah Hospital and the Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, and one in Kowloon, the Kwong Wah Hospital. The first named with 495 beds is the largest, while the Kwong Wah Hospital has 404 beds and the Tung Wah Eastern Hospital 250. The administration of these hospitals is vested in the Tung Wah Hospitals Medical Committee which consists of the three prin- cipal members of the Board of Directors, the Medical Superin- tendents of the three hospitals and two advisors. The Director of Medical & Health Services is the Chairman. The object of these institutions is to provide for the sick poor, and treatment is free, but there are, in each hospital, a small number of private beds for which charges are levied.

218. Although the bed strength of these institutions is as stated above, invariably there are considerably more persons. being treated than these figures would indicate, even to the extent of 200 or more. In certain sections of the hospitals, particularly those devoted to tuberculosis cases and cases of chronic illness, overcrowding is extreme.

219. Each of these hospitals has a nurses training school which is recognized by the Colony's Nursing Board. The medium of instruction is Chinese.

220. Standards of equipping and staffing these institutions are not as high as in the Government Hospitals but, nevertheless, extremely fine work is carried out and the value of the hospitals to the community is very great indeed. During the year, the total number of in-patients treated in the three hospitals was 43,782, as compared with 45,441 in the previous year. Total out-patients attendances numbered 218,509, as compared with 174,395 in 1951. The Government subvention to this group of hospitals for the financial year 1952/53 amounted to $3,750,000,

Nethersole Hospital.

　　　　221. This hospital is owned and operated by the London Missionary Society but receives financial assistance from Government. For the financial year 1952/53 the Government subvention amounted to $111,700. The hospital has accommoda- tion for 145 general in-patients and for 40 maternity cases. During the year under review, the hospital was busier than ever before. Admissions numbered 5,306 as compared with 4,932 in the previous year. In the maternity section there were 1,593 births and maternal deaths numbered 2. Out-patients treated numbered 45,924 as compared with 44,101 in 1951. Resident medical staff numbered eight. The hospital is a recognized school for the training of nurses.

Ruttonjee Sanatorium.

222. This institution is owned and operated by the Hong Kong Anti-Tuberculosis Association, but the day-to-day manage- ment is vested in a Sanatorium Management Board of which the Director of Medical and Health Services is a member. The number of beds available was 160 and these were reserved for the pulmonary form of the disease. Priority of admission is given to the employees of the principal subscribers to the Asso- ciation but, as has been stated earlier in this report, all cases are admitted through the Government Tuberculosis Clinics.

223. The number of admissions during the year was 352 as compared with 256 in 1951. There is also an out-patient depart- ment which is attended by patients after discharge from hospital and the total number of attendances here was 5,145.

Private Hospitals

224. There are ten private hospitals in the Colony, having a total of 938 beds. Of these seven are on Hong Kong Island, two in Kowloon, and one in the New Territories. There is consider- able difference in the sizes of these hospitals, ranging from the smallest with 34 beds to the largest with 233 beds. The majority are operated by missionary and other charity organizations. The total number of in-patients treated in this group of hospitals during the year was 17,699 as compared with 17,586 in the previous year. Out-patients numbered 59,204, as compared with 46,861 in 1951.

V. GENERAL OUT-PATIENT SERVICES

225. Details of attendances at the various out-patient in- stitutions are set forth in Appendices 14 to 17 inclusive. General comments on these institutions follow,

URBAN AREAS.

Sai Ping Pun Out-patient Department.

226. This is situated close to the Sai Ying Pun Infectious Diseases Hospital in the Western district of Victoria. It is the largest organization on the Island providing services to out- patients. General clinics are held in the mornings and evenings and in the afternoons there are special teaching clinics conducted by University and Government staff. The accommodation avail- able is inadequate for the great volume of work undertaken. Space is so limited that, in certain instances, two doctors share a single consulting room and see patients at the same time. Total attendances at this out-patient department numbered 262,198, as compared with 242,635 in 1951.

227. Here, as at all other out-patient institutions, patients are charged $1 for each visit but this charge may be waived when it is considered to be beyond the means of the patient.

Violet Peel Polyclinic.

228. This clinic is situated in a heavily populated part of the Eastern district of Victoria. It has a staff of four doctors and, in addition, sessions are held from time to time by various

specialist officers from Queen Mary Hospital. In addition, evening clinics are held from 6.00 p.m. to midnight for which two additional doctors are available. Throughout the year, the pressure on this clinic was extreme and, on numerous occasions, crowds were so great that all the patients presenting themselves on any particular day could not be dealt with. The number of attendances during the year was 235,740 as compared with 171,805 in the previous year.

Public Dispensaries.

229. In the urban areas there are ten public dispensaries, five on Hong Kong Island and five in Kowloon. In most cases, the premises are old and out-moded and the accommodation is insufficient to meet the demand. Attached to six of these dis pensaries are midwives who undertake a domiciliary midwifery service in the surrounding areas.

230. Total attendances at these dispensaries numbered 414,084, of which 260,019 were new cases. Details of atten- dances are shown in Appendix 16.

Families' Clinic.

　　　　231. This clinic is operated in Victoria for the benefit of Government employees and their dependents. The staff consists of a medical officer and a nursing sister and it operates only in the mornings. Attendances numbered 7,904 as compared with 7,284 in 1951.

Police Medical Post.

232. This post is maintained for the convenience of members of the Police Department and their dependents. It is situated in the Central Police Station, Victoria, and is under the charge of a part-time medical officer. Attendances numbered 27,873.

Dispensary, Victoria Remand Prison.

　　　　233. This dispensary provides for prisoners on remand before they are transferred to the Colony's prisons. It is operated by the medical officer who is also in charge of the Police Medical Post. The number of attendances at this dispensary was 12,834.

Dispensary, Marine Department.

234. This dispensary, situated in the Marine Department building, in part of the premises occupied by the Port Health Administration, operates for the convenience of the Marine Department. Attendances numbered 1,144.

New Territories.

235. Including the out-patient department of St. John Hospital, Cheung Chau, to which reference has been made earlier in this report, there are eleven establishments in the New Territories providing out-patient treatment facilities. Excluding Cheung Chau, three of these have resident doctors and there are facilities for the treatment of general in-patients and maternity cases as well. At the remaining dispensaries there is a small number of maternity beds under the charge of resident midwives.

236. In addition, two travelling dispensaries operate in the rural areas from the two main centres of Taipo and Un Long, one serving the western part of the Mainland and the other the Eastern districts. Many of the islands have no regular medical attention but weekly visits are paid by the doctor stationed on Cheung Chau, to the island of Ping Chau.

237. The dispensaries in the New Territories provide not only curative services. Infant welfare, ante-natal and various special clinics are held in them by staff from the city and weekly visits are paid by officers of the Tuberculosis and Social Hygiene Services as well as by dentists and ophthalmologists.

VI. MIDWIVES AND MATERNITY HOMES

238. During the year, 16 district maternity centres were in operation. These were staffed by 25 Government Midwives. Of these district centres, 11 have small maternity homes attach- ed. A total of 6,649 deliveries was carried out during the year, of which 2,987 were domiciliary cases. The corresponding figures for the previous year were 6,417 and 2,873.

　　　　239. The number of registered private maternity homes in operation during the year was 132 and, of these, 56 were located in Hong Kong and 76 in Kowloon and the New Territories. These homes are generally very simple institutions and the number of beds available in each ranges from one to seven. The total number of cases delivered in the private maternity homes in 1952 was 22,666 compared with 22,338 cases in the previous year. The cases dealt with amount to about a third of the total births in the Colony.

240. The private homes are visited and supervised by the Supervisor of Midwives who is also the Medical Officer in charge of Maternal & Child Health Services.

　　　　241. Midwifery practice is governed by the Midwives Ordinance which provides for the regulation of the activities of the midwives and for their registration. The number of midwives registered in 1952 was 980, as compared with 903 in the previous year. Of those registered only 213 were in active practice. The Supervisor of Midwives throughout the year carried out regular inspections of the records and equip- ment of those in active practice.

VII. SPECIAL SUB-DEPARTMENTS

Dental

242. The activities of this sub-department, which is super- vised by the Senior Dental Surgeon, are divided broadly into two, namely, the General Dental Service and the School Dental Service. The former provides attention to Government em- ployees and pensioners and their families, in-patients of Government Hospitals and the prisons and, within its resources, those members of the general public unable to afford the services of private dental practitioners. The School Dental Service provides attention to pupils in Government and Government- aided schools who, on payment of an annual fee of $5.00, participate in the scheme and obtain medical and dental at- tention. This applies also to pupils of private schools who pay an annual fee of $15.00.

243. Professional staff available for the General Dental Service consisted of the Senior Dental Surgeon, two dental surgeons and one assistant dental surgeon. For the School Dental Service there were available 5 assistant dental surgeons, four of whom were in temporary employment. This staff was hard-pressed and not able to meet fully demands for treatment. It was necessary to maintain a waiting list and the average waiting time before routine dental treatment could be provided for a Government servant or his family was as much as 6 months.

244. There was no substantial change in the organization of the School Dental Service in the year under review compared with the previous year. No routine dental examinations were carried out for Government and Government-aided schools. Emergency treatment was available daily for those pupils paying the $5.00 per year medical fee. A certain amount of con- servative work was carried out for this class of patient in the Harcourt Health Centre Dental Clinic, where a full time assistant dental surgeon was continuously employed. During 1952, 8,362 visits were made by school children for dental treatment at this clinic; 5,040 deciduous teeth and 1,240 per- manent teeth were extracted; 306 deciduous teeth and 1,704 permanent teeth were filled. Although this is a very good year's work for one dental surgeon, it is, unfortunately, but a small proportion of the work urgently required by Government school pupils in Hong Kong. In Kowloon, no conservative work was possible for Government schools, and extractions were per- formed where necessary.

245. A very good year's work was carried out for private school pupils who joined the School Health Service. All such pupils were dentally examined at six monthly intervals, all necessary extractions were carried out, and a great amount of conservative work was also performed. During 1952, of 20,819 children examined, 15,553 were found to require dental treat- ment, a percentage of 74.7. For the 15,553 children found to require treatment, the following operations were performed:- extractions of deciduous teeth-13,240, of permanent teeth- 1,804; permanent fillings of deciduous teeth-841, of permanent

teeth-2,965. The high proportion of extractions compared with fillings is partly explained by the fact that so many children seem to leave the health service after one or two six monthly periods and they are replaced by other children who have not previously had the benefit of dental treatment. If a higher proportion of children remained continuously in the health service throughout their school life, a greater proportion of fillings compared with extractions could be performed.

246. A summary of the dental work undertaken by the Government staff during 1952 is shown in Appendix 18.

Pharmaceutical

247. This sub-department, under the charge of the Chief Pharmacist, had available to it, 4 pharmacists and 37 dispensers. This staff is responsible for the Central Medical Store and for the pharmacies in various departmental institutions. The number of institutions supplied by the Central Medical Store during the year was 136, an increase of 5 over the previous year's total. The Central Medical Store functioned on the whole, very smoothly, although from time to time, difficulties did arise owing to the absence of a similar store in Kowloon. The store manufactures all intravenous fluids for the Depart- ment's institutions with the exception of Queen Mary Hospital which manufactures its own requirements. In addition, many of the injections required in the Department's institutions were manufactured in the Store. The following figures indicate the extent of the manufacturing function of the Central Medical Store:-

Bulk Intravenous Fluids-Litres

Injections, various, in 20 ml. containers Bulk Ointment, lbs.

Bulk Mixtures, etc., concentrated, lbs.

1951

1952

19,648

30,192

22,135

28,539

4,605

6,443

283,230

304,195

248. The sub-department is responsible for the issuing of licences to, and the supervision of wholesale and retail dealers in pharmaceuticals. The number of licences issued during the

year as compared with the previous year are shown below, together with the numbers of pharmacists and the premises registered and visited.

Wholesale Dealers Licences Listed Sellers Licences

Registration of Pharmacists

1951

1952

424

465

218

222

328

895

Registration of Authorized Premises

Premises visited

249. In addition to the licences recorded above, 204 general and 93 restricted penicillin (anti-biotics) permits were issued. It will be noted from paragraph 248 above that a much more satisfactory degree of inspection of licensed premises was carried out in 1952 than in the previous year. As a result of these inspections, 18 convictions for offences against the Pharmacy & Poisons and Penicillin Ordinances were obtained.

250. During the year 2,400 seizures of dangerous drugs were made by Police and Revenue Officers. The majority of these consisted of very small quantities of opium prepared for smoking and small quantities of heroin. There were, however, several large seizures of good quality raw opium. A portion of this was disposed of through the Crown Agents for the Colonies and the balance was dumped at sea.

251. The last evening pharmacy class completed its 4 year course in September, 1952, and the last final examination for the chemists' and druggists' certificate was held in October. At this time, the new course for a Diploma in Pharmacy was instituted at the University.

Pathological (including Mortuaries)

252. The pathological sub-department consists of the Pathological Institute in Victoria, a subsidiary institute in Kowloon Hospital, a small laboratory in Queen Mary Hospital and two public mortuaries in Victoria and Kowloon. The central institute, having acquired during the past 5 years most of the equipment essential to its work, is now up-to-date and, as far as limitations of space and staff permit, operates satisfactorily.

253. The staff available consisted of the Government Pathologist, three Pathologists, a Senior Laboratory Technician and fifteen Laboratory assistants.

254. Pressure on pathological resources continued to in- crease and, owing to insufficiency of staff, the sub-department was not on every occasion, able to meet the ever-increasing demands for services from other sub-departments. The total number of specimens examined in 1952 was 214,026 as compared with 207,646 in the previous year.

255. An important function of the Pathological Institute was the preparation of vaccine lymph and other vaccines. The following table indicates the volume of this work:

Anti-smallpox vaccine

cholera

... - +

TABLE 5

Vaccine prepared 55,510 ml.

Vaccine issued

T.A.B.

plague rabic

rinderpest

Diluted tuberculin

(2%) (4%)

ז . .

Grand Total

------

29,580 ml.

391,750

64,800

85,400

4,660 82,080

59,240

54,760

94,530 46,500

81,930

46,500

341,180 ..

756,060

256. The examinations undertaken by the sub-department during the year are summarized in Appendix 19 and a summary of the work carried out in the public mortuaries is set forth in Appendix 20.

Chemical Laboratory

　　　　　257. This institution is under the care of the Government Chemist who had the assistance of 4 qualified chemists and a total staff of 16. It undertakes analytical and consulting chemical work for all Government Departments and a very considerable amount of similar work for the Services, public bodies and the commercial community. Non-government work is charged for according to a prescribed tariff.

258. The laboratory is situated in the central district of Victoria in the same building which houses the Department of Commerce & Industry. It is well-equipped and it is only rarely that work has to be declined because the means to under- take it are not available.

259. In spite of the current trade recession, the volume of work in the laboratory increased during the year and it is of interest that the number of commercial samples was only some 10% less than the number examined in the most prosperous years following the war. The continuing high level of commercial examinations is occasioned by the requirements of the authorities on the mainland of China for certificates of genuineness and quality from the Chemical Laboratory for a large variety of imports, notably drugs and chemicals. The table below summarizes analyses and examinations performed by the Government Laboratory in 1952, compared with the previous year:→→

Public Health

TABLE 6

Chemico-legal

Commercial

Materials

Revenue Control, Narcotics, Strategic

++++

Miscellaneous Government Work

Total

זי

1951 8,307

1952

9,256

700

815

1,841

1,839

6,400

6,657

320

284

17,568

18,851

Almoners

260. The staff of this, sub-department consisted of the Principal Almoner, three Almoners and thirteen Assistant Almoners, distributed among the department's hospitals and other institutions. Great demands were placed upon this staff and, in certain instances, they worked in less than adequate accommodation. Nevertheless, much good work was done. The resignation of the Principal Almoner and one Assistant Almoner increased the difficulties of the sub-department during the latter part of the year. In the following paragraphs, brief reference is made to the medical-social work undertaken.

Rehabilitation of Persons Discharged from the Leper Settlement.

261. In September, 1952, with the closing of the temporary leper settlement on Hong Kong Island and the transfer of the institution to the island of Hay Ling Chau, the almoners were faced with the difficult task of assisting 40 persons, considered to be cured, who were not transferred to the new settlement and were thus discharged. In spite of very great efforts, it was only possible to find employment for very few of these people, in view of the prejudice against leprosy among the local inhabitants.

Artificial Limbs and Other Surgical Appliances.

　　　　262. Since the establishment of the Orthopaedic Depart- ment, more appliances were made for and supplied to patients. During the year, splints, belts or supports, artificial legs, artificial eyes and calipers, costing a total of $2,328.00, were provided to patients.

Repatriation.

263. In prevailing circumstances, it has been virtually im- possible to repatriate Chinese patients to their native villages in China and the only persons to be repatriated as a result of the almoners' activities were two elderly British ladies who were sent to a nursing home in the United Kingdom.

Financial Assistance.

　　　　　264. The almoners are able to provide financial assistance to those in need from the Samaritan Fund and a departmental vote for the after-care of tuberculosis patients. During the year, the amounts disbursed from these two sources amounted to $21,192.00 and $68,930.00 respectively.

Employment.

265. An important activity of the almoners is to assist former patients to obtain suitable employment, a difficult matter today in view of the overcrowding in the Colony and the present economic recession. In spite of these difficulties, however, up to 40 persons were assisted in obtaining employment in Govern- ment Departments and with private firms throughout the year.

Psychiatric Social Work.

266. The Assistant Almoner at the Mental Hospital resigned during the year and this was a serious loss as, up to the end of the year, it was not possible to appoint a replacement with experience in this special work.

Tuberculosis Work.

267. Apart from the administration of the departmental vote for the after-care of tuberculosis patients to which refer- ence has already been made, the tuberculosis almoner carried out much useful work. The Children's Home for contacts which was operated by a Mission Organization in the New Territories, was closed down in June and this threw additional work on the tuberculosis almoner. During the year, 101 families received financial assistance and a sum of $68,930.00 was disbursed. In addition, 4 tons of powdered milk were purchased and dis- tributed to children and patients receiving out-patient treatment.

Occupational Therapy.

268. There was still no trained occupational therapist in the Medical Department but, as in the past, the Physiotherapists and the Principal Almoner, assisted by the members of the Occupa tional Therapy Fund Committee, did what they could to provide occupational therapy for long term cases. Various voluntary workers, including members of the local branch of the British Red Cross Society undertook instruction in knitting, sewing, etc., in various government hospitals. In addition, two rattan instructors continued to teach patients at the Mental Hospital and the Lai Chi Kok Hospital.

Radiological

269. The staff of this sub-department consisted of the Senior Radiologist, one radiologist, eleven radiographers and sixteen radiographic assistants. In addition, the Senior Radiologist was administratively responsible for the staff of physiotherapists, numbering 7. The work of the sub-department showed a further increase and its burden was made the heavier in the earlier part of the year by the shortage of staff, owing to resigna- tions and leave. Nevertheless, in spite of the burden of X-ray

　　work, considerable attention was paid to teaching of govern- ment radiographic staff and, to a lesser extent, of staff of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals and the Nethersole Hospital. Assistance in this regard was also given to the Ruttonjee Sana- torium and to the Army. The work of the sub-department falls into the following sections:-

　　　　270. Radio-Diagnostic-The increase in the volume of this type of work was not reflected in the total number of investiga- tions carried out. This was actually some 10% less than in the previous year but the increased number of large film investiga- tions and major and special investigations did, in fact, mean an increase in work. The total number of investigations carried out was 141,694, as compared with 157,552 in the previous year.

271. Radio-Therapeutic-The total number of cases treated was 313, as compared with 259 in 1951. Of these, 212 were treated by deep X-rays, 73 by superficial X-rays and 28 by radio- cobalt or radium.

　　　　　272. In December a 24.9 Curie Radio-Cobalt Telecurie Unit arrived in the Colony. It was being installed in the Queen Mary Hospital at the end of the year and it will be ready for routine use early in 1953.

273. Physiotherapeutic-In this section, too, there was a considerable increase in the amount of work carried out and demands were constantly greater than available resources. A total of 5,354 persons were dealt with as compared with 5,486 in 1951. Of these, 953 were in-patients and 4,401 out-patients and the number of treatments totalled 47,176.

Stewards

(including Transport and Ambulance services)

274. This sub-department is under the care of the Chief Steward who was assisted by two stewards and four steward's assistants. Their responsibilities included the care and dis- tribution of hospital stores other than pharmaceuticals, the supervision of menial staff, the operation of departmental transport and the general ambulance service.

275. There was a considerable improvement in the equip- ment supply situation, certain items outstanding for a consider- able period having been received. However, in view of the general increase in prices, particularly of surgical furniture, local manufacture, in certain instances, was undertaken. The costs of these locally made items compared very favourably indeed with those obtaining in the United Kingdom.

276. The transport and ambulance services operated with reasonable smoothness, particularly as four new trucks and two new travelling dispensaries were received in replacement of worn-out vehicles. During the year, after considerable discus- sion, it was decided to centralize all Government ambulances under the administration of the Chief Officer of the Fire Brigade and arrangements were being made at the close of the year, to transfer vehicles operated by the Medical Department, together with the necessary staff. The ambulance service answered 11,682 calls as compared with 26,085 calls in 1951. The number of patients carried was 19,985 and the mileage covered 143,608 miles. The corresponding figures for the previous year were 27,907 patients and 161,280 miles.

Births & Deaths Registration

277. The Births & Deaths Registration Ordinance provides machinery for the registration of these events. The Director of Medical & Health Services is the Registrar of Births & Deaths. The General Registry Office is situated in the centre of Victoria and there are a number of branch registries throughout the Colony.

278. There was again a considerable increase in the work undertaken by this sub-department resulting largely from the much greater number of applications received for birth certi- ficates. The number of birth certificates issued in 1952 was 69,883 as compared with 46,616 in 1951.

VIII. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

279. During the year under review, the Department received useful assistance from the World Health Organization and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.

Certain projects, in which assistance from these organizations was received, have already been referred to elsewhere in this report, namely, the anti-diphtheria campaign and the B.C.G. vaccination campaign. In addition, assistance was provided in a Maternal & Child Health project under which the Senior Health Officer was sent on a fellowship overseas to visit various countries in North Europe and the United States to study Maternal & Child Health work. This project also provided for an international team to come to the Colony to strengthen Maternal & Child Health Services but, unfortunately, the inter- national personnel had not arrived by the end of the year.

280. Apart from providing diphtheria toxoid and B.C.G. vaccine, U.N.I.C.E.F. provided a not inconsiderable quantity of equipment for Maternal & Child Health Clinics and hospitals and, in addition, supplies of dried milk were received for dis- tribution to children.

281. Visits from W.H.O. short-term consultants in trachoma and venereal disease were of considerable value to the depart- ment and helped to focus attention on these particular subjects.

IX. TRAINING OF PERSONNEL

282. In addition to the overseas training referred to in para. 15 training of personnel was undertaken in the Colony as follows:

Doctors

283. Under-graduate medical training is undertaken by the University of Hong Kong whose medical degree is not only acceptable for registration in the Colony but is accepted by the General Medical Council in the United Kingdom for registration there. The number of medical graduates during 1952 was 33.

Nurses & Dressers

284. Training schools for nurses (female and male) are operated by Government in its two main general hospitals where teaching is conducted in the English language. In the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals and the Nethersole Hospital there are

also nurses' training schools in which the medium of instruction is Cantonese. The products of all these schools are accepted for registration in the Colony and their qualifications are accepted by the General Nursing Council in the United Kingdom. There is thus full reciprocity in this regard between the Colony and the mother country. The number of nurses graduating during the year from Government and non-Government train- ing schools is shown below:

Government

Non-Government

Total

Midwives

285. Midwifery teaching is undertaken both in Government and in non-Government hospitals. The most important training school for midwives is in Government's Tsan Yuk Hospital where the teaching is under the supervision of the University Professor of Obstetrics. The number of midwives trained in the Colony during the year was 32.

Health Inspectors.

286. There is a local Examination Board of the Royal Sanitary Institute and the Director of Medical and Health Services is Chairman of this Board. Training of Health Inspectors is undertaken by Officers of the Medical, Sanitary and Public Works Departments and, on passing the local examination, certificates of the Royal Sanitary Institute of England are granted.

Others

287. In the department, training of other types of technical personnel is undertaken, namely dispensers, radiographic assistants, physiotherapists and laboratory assistants, and the following Table indicates the various categories and the number of persons who received training during the year:

TABLE 7

Appoint- ment

Resignation

Strength at 31.3.53.

Passed

Probationer Assistant Physiotherapist. Probationer Radiographic Assistant... Probationer Dispenser...

　　　　Probationer Laboratory Assistant....... Probationer Nurse....

124

Probationer Dresser...

Pupil Midwife

K. C. YEO,

Director of Medical & Health Services.

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FUND

Statement of Receipts and Payments for the year ending 31st March, 1953,

RECEIPTS

Description

Amount

PAYMENTS

Description

Amount

To Balance brought forward

To Donations

To Sale of rattan ware

6,102,30❘ By Purchase of rattans, materials & etc.

805,45

To Repairs of rattan furniture.....................

296.00

5,360.00 By Transport for Occupational Therapists 2,118.50 By Salaries for Leung Ming, rattan instructor... By Honorarium for Miss J. R. Hopkins

373.80

3,075.00

1,322.58

To Repayment of Advance from British Red

By Balance carried forward

8,399.97

Cross Society

100.00

J➖➖➖➖➖ ➖ ➖ ➖ ➖➖ ➖ ➖ILIJIPILIT |------

Examined.

13,976.80

Sd. P.H. JENNINGS, Director of Audit,

14th July, 1953.

Certified correct.

Sd. UJAGAR SINCH

13,976.80

p. Director of Medical & Health Services,

SAMARITAN FUND

Statement of Receipts and Payments for the year ending 31st March, 1953.

RECEIPTS

Description

Amount

PAYMENTS

Description

Amount

To Balance brought forward

To Donations

To Compensation for Szeto Kwok

12,136.73

By Providing maintenance and capital grants, clothing, food and etc. to patients......

20,772.00

12,562.14

By Loan to patient

120.00

100,00

By Compensation for Szeto Kwok.

100.00

To Compensation for So Kiang

200,00

By Compensation for So Kiang

200.00

To Repayment of loan in previous year and $120 during this year

480.00 By Balance carried forward

4,286,87

25,478.87

Examined.

Sd. P.H. JENNINGS, Director of Audit, 14th July, 1953.

Certified correct.

25,478,87

Sd. UJAGAR SINGH

p. Director of Medical & Health Services.

NURSES REWARDS AND FINES FUND

Statement of Receipts and Payments for the year ending 31st March, 1953.

RECEIPTS

Description

Amount

PAYMENTS

Description

Amount

To Balance brought forward

1,323.07 | By Purchase prizes for Nurses and Dressers.

478.95

To Forfeiture of deposit from Miss Jeanette Louis

By Purchase frames, photographs, teas & etc.

700.30

200.00

By Balance carried forward

543.92

To Forfeiture of deposit from Miss Mary Hung....

200.00

Examined.

Sd. P.H. JENNINGS, Director of Audit,

14th July, 1953.

1,723.07

Certified correct.

Sd. UJAGAR SINGH

1,723.07

p. Director of Medical & Health Services.

NEW TERRITORIES MEDICAL FACILITIES.

COLONY OF HONG MEDICAL FACILITIES MAP 1952

CHINESE

TERA TORY

DEKP

}

CASTLE

PEAK

*Y*

SHA TAU KOK DISPENSARY

TA KU LING

LOK MA CHAU

SHEUNG

SHUL

HOTLEG DISPENSARY

FAN LING

UN LONG DISPENSARY

KAM

TIN

SAN HUI 'DISPENSARY

SILVER MİNE BAY- DISPENSARY

TAI O DISPENSARY

LANTAO

TAI PO DISPENSARY

NEW

TERRITORIES

TING

SHATIN MATERNITY HOME,

SAI KUNG DISPENSARYA

[HAY LING CHAU PLEPER SETTLEMENT

HONG

KONG

(Sve Joporate Map)

"CHEUNG CHAU

JOHN HOSPITAL

Fear

INCITIA

HONG KONG ISLAND MEDICAL FACILITIES.

HÙNG KHO ISLAND MEDICAL FA

LITIES

LING YUET SIN INFANTS' HOSPITAL

TSAN YUX HOSPITAL

MENTAL HOSPITAL

TAI WO HOSPITAL

SAI YING PỤN HOSPITAL & OUT-PATIENT DEPT.

TUNG WAH HOSPITAL

NETHERSOLE HOSPITAL

PORT HEALTH INOCULATION CENTRE

CENTRAL DISPENSARY

POLICE MEDICAL POST

G. P. O. FAMILIES CLINIC

STATUE SQUARE INOCULATION CENTRE

נו

HK CENTRAL HOSPITAL

MILITARY HOSPITAL

ST. FRANCIS HOSPITAL

VIOLET PEEL POLYCLINIC

EASTERN DISPENSARY & MATERNITY HOSPITAL

RUTTONJEE SANATORIUM

HONG KONG

WANCHAL $ H. HOSPITAL

HARCOURT HEALTH CENTRE

76 MATILDA HOSPITAL

ST. PAUL'S HOSPITAL

QUEEN MARY HOSPITAL

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE CENTRE

ABERDEEN DISPENSARY

TUNG WAH EASTERN HOSPITAL

SHAUKIWAN DISPENSARY

H. K. SANATORIUM & HOSPITAL

30 STANLEY DISPENSARY & MATERNITY HOME

NAVAL HOSPITAL

STANLEY PRISON HOSPITAL

Lai Chi Kun]

KOWLOON PENINSULA MEDICAL FACILITIES.

KOWLOON PENINSULA

LAI CHI KOK HOSPITAL

FEMALE PRISON HOSPITAL

PRECIOUS BLOOD HOSPITAL

SHAM SHUI PO PUBLIC DISPENSARY

MONGKOK CLINIC

KOWLOON CITY DISPENSARY

KOWLOON HOSPITAL & OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT

MILITARY HOSPITAL

ST. TERESA'S HOSPITAL

HUNG HOM PUBLIC DISPENSARY

TSIM SHA TSUI HEALTH CENTRE

KOWLOON TUBERCULOSIS CLINIC

KWONG WAH HOSPITAL

YAUMATI PUBLIC DISPENSARY

MILITARY HOSPITAL

16 ASHLEY ROAD SOCIAL HYGIENE CLINIC

MEDICAL

FACILITIES

KOWLOON BAY

APPENDIX 1

Establishment of the Medical Department, 1952

Director of Medical and Health Services

---

Deputy Director of Medical and Health Services

Deputy Director of Medical Services

Deputy Director of Health Services.

Secretary

JIL

-- J

Senior Medical Officer

Senior Health Officer

+14

---

+++

ITI

Senior Specialist (Medical)

Senior Specialist (Malariologist)

Government Pathologist

Surgical Specialist

---

Senior Radiologist

Tuberculosis Specialist

---

- IT

---

TIT

JLJ

---

...

+1+

---

TII

Tut

I+L

ITL

+1+

FI+

---

ITI

· L ·

Senior Port Health Officer

Senior Dental Surgeon

+-+

• +

+--

Gynæcological & Obstetrical Specialist

Senior Social Hygiene Officer

Ophthalmic Surgeon

J+

---

...

+ L

ITI

ILI

- - 1

...

JLI

---

-- J

...

168 8

Medical Officers, Assistant Medical Officers, Women Medical Officers,

Assistant Women Medical Officers and House Officers Dental Surgeon and Assistant Dental Surgeons Pathologist and Assistant Pathologists

Radiologist

Government Chemist

---

...

• +

Chemist and Assistant Chemist

Principal Matron

Nursing Staff

Principal Almoner

+74

---

LIT

---

ILI

---

TIG

TIT

TII

664

TIF

+..

+++

178

---

•

---

1+1

---

48 1,871

3,125

Almoners

ILI

Executive Officers

Clerical Staff

I+I

LII

---

TII

H+

---

•++

Chief Pharmacists, Dispensers, and Dispensary Supervisors Superintendent Radiographer, Radiographers, and Radiographic

Assistants

TII

+IT

H+

-- J

ILI

· + -

LII

Physiotherapists and Assistant Physiotherapists

+++

- J-

Senior Laboratory Technician, and Laboratory Assistants Chief Steward and Stewards Health and Malaria Inspectors Dietitian

Public Vaccinators Other Staff

...

LIL

+ H

...

TOTAL:

+74

---

APPENDIX 2

Orders, Rules, Regulations and By-laws promulgated in 1952

(a) The Dogs & Cats (Amendment) Regulations.

(G.N.A. 71 of 1952).

(b) The Dogs & Cats Ordinance-Inoculations Fecs. (G.N.A. 75 of 1952).

(d) The Slaughter-houses (N.T.) Rules. (G.N.A. 86 of 1952).

(Amendment) Regulations, (G.N.A. 98 of 1952).

(f) The Markets (Amendment) (No. 2) By-laws. (G.N.A. 105 of 1952),

(g) The Dangerous Drugs (Amendment of Schedule) Order. (G.N.A. 109

of 1952).

(h) The Nurses Registration (Amendment) Regulations (G.N.A. 125 of

1952).

(1)

(j)

The Fees (Pharmacy and Poisons) (Amendment) Regulations.

(G.N.A. 133 of 1952),

The Hawkers (Amendment) By-laws. (G.N.A, 181 of 1952).

(k) The Public Health (Sanitation) (Amendment) By-laws. (G.N.A. 182

of 1952).

(2)

The Pharmacists Holding Diplomas (Registration) (Amendment)

Regulations. (G.N.A. 186 of 1952).

(m) The Course of Training, Study and Examination for Applicants for Registration as Pharmacists (Amendment) Regulations. (G.N.A. 187 of 1952).

(n) The Markets and Market Areas (N.T.) (Amendment) Rules. (G.N.A.

194 of 1952).

(0) The New Territories (Amendment) (No. 2) Rules. (G.N.A. 195 of

1952).

(p) The Markets (Amendment) (No. 3) By-laws. (G.N.A. 207 of 1952).

(g) The Dogs and Cats (Amendment) Regulations. (G.N.A. 1 of 1953).

(r) The Poisons (Amendment) Regulations. (G.N.A. 18 of 1953).

(8) The Poisons List (Amendment) Regulations. (G.N.A. 19 of 1953).

(1) The New Territories (Amendment) Rules. (G.N.A. 42 of 1953).

(x) The Nurses Registration (Amendment) Regulations.

1953).

(G.N.A. 54 of

APPENDIX 3.

Births attended by a doctor or a midwife, 1952.

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

Queen Mary Hospital

117

390

719

1.164

1,580

Kowloon Hospital

1,910

1.998

979

1.261

1,289

1,287

1,576

2,175

2.545

Tan Yuk Hospital

2.645

3,826

4.458

4,223

5,012

5,781

6,740

Eastern Maternity Hospital

868

1,633

1,831

1,783

1,995

2,254

2,650

Lai Chi Kok Female PHO

Hospital

St. John Hospital.

379

360

Private Hospitals

Government Dispensaries

(Attended by Midwives)

Private Maternity Homes

4,058

9.066

12,161

15,387

16,333

20,002

21,163

640

1,260

1,582

2,013

2,633

3,544

3,662

110

9,536

13,150

14,324

18,730

21,226

22,338

22,666

Totel births delivered in hos

pitals and maternity homes 18,893

30,594

36,264

44,587

50,355

58.390

61,790

Domicilliary cases delivered

by Midwive

--JJ----------

5,628

9,237

10,120

8,991

9,125

9,054

7,701

Total Number of Births

attended.....

24,521 | 39,831 46,384 53,578

59,480

67,044

69,491

APPENDIX 4.

Notifiable Diseaser

Notifications and Deaths-1951-52,

Total No. of Notificatione

Total No. of Dentha at all ages

Diseases

1951

1952

1951

1952

Amoebiasia

154

201

Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis

Chickenpox

281

176

ايت

Cholera

Diphtheria

574

987

121

157

Dysentery (Bacillary and clinical)

374

336

Enteric Fever

1,024

1,230

134

158

Malaria

526

1,010

Measles

528

674

JILL

Plague

Poliomyelitis

Parrperal Fever Rabies Humen Rabies Animat Relapsing Fever

Scarlet Fever Smell-pox Tuberculosis. Typhus Fever

- - - - - - - - - -

Whooping Cough.... Yellow Fever

'rrי

יי

3,573

13,886

14,821

4,390

452

| A |

APPENDIX 5.

Age Group and Sex Distribution of Notifiable Diseases-1952

Under 1 year

1 yr. to 3 yr.

4 ym. to 9 yrs. |10 yms. to 14 yrs.

Over 14 yrs.

Total

M. F. Total

Total❘ M. P. Total

Total

----

Amoshinala

Cerebro-spinal Mozigitis.|

106

------------

167|

130

201

Chickenpox

100

176

Diphtheria

14 37

158

127

285

221

256

427

24. 47

117

480

507

987

Dysentery (Bacillary

and Clinical.)..

Enteric Fever

59 157

Human Rabies

Malaria

Mendler

Poliomyelitis

Puerperal Fever

Scarlet Fever

-------

Small-pox

Tuberculosis

Typhus Fever (Scrub).....

Whooping Cough

Total.....

154

197

336

135

573

350

923

474

1,230

91 33 14.

642

173

815:

765)

245

1,010

101

189

162 351

105

69 174

371

294

674

151 170 321

880

75$1,635 135

558 1,293 1,293 | 106

106) 85)

78 151

108

207

199

9.9784,893 191 8,056 3,325 | 11,981; 9,973) 4,893 | 14,821

233

452

294.

593 | 1,425 | 1,200 | 2,625 |1,407 | 1,157 |2,564 | 260|

48219,6344,040 13,674| 13,015| 6,913 | 19,933

Nil return for Cholera, Plague, Epidemic typhus, Yellow fever and Relapsing fever.

APPENDIX 6

Inoculations and Vaccinations carried out during 1952

Anti-diphtheria

Anti-typhoid

Month

Anti- Anti- Anti- Anti- Smallpox Cholera typhus | tetanus Vaccina inocula- inocula- inocula- tions tions tions tions

inoculations

Anti-plague inoculations

Anti-rabies inoculations

1st

2nd

1st

2nd

1st 2nd

1st

Other

dosea

doses

January

104,973 3,367 437

1,202

9,301

1,654

2,253

267

1,736

February....

March

April

May

------------

147,482 2.754 620 172,795 2,902 551

60,359 19,840

16,739 173,949 623 |

1,242

5,926

8,025

2,575

120

297

1,567

1,229 6,610

5,537

2,576

266

1,652

557

1,314 | 10,483

4,366

2,756

370

2,231

1,587

4,325

4,936

4,794

301

358

2,759

June...

11,427 145,061

607

1,787 1,253

2,292

4,670

1,200

329

1,918

July.

14,077 107,614 439

1,827

1,154

916

3,842

1,286

384

2,214

August

14,246

61,247

431

1,982

2,569

1,698

5,194

932

350

2,247

September

October

147,648

6,353

397

1,973

643

499

4,320

1.799

229

250 1,640

158,826 4,399

412

1,876

858

402

2,802

1,016

127

353 1,902

ᅡ

November

December

147,405 2.720

397

1,519

5,312

703 8,820 5,780

234

1,485

78,085 2,423

440

1,532

16,574

2,304 10,231 7,390

268

1.459

| 1,074,060 532.629

5,911

| 19.07

19,070

65,008

33,332 | 54,833 | 19,875

705

3,726 | 22,810

APPENDIX 7.

Attendnures, etc., at Ante-natal Clinics during 1952.

Without Defect

Some Abnormality

Total Attendance.

Centres

% of Defect

New Rev. Total

New

Rev.

Total

New

Rev.

Total

Harcourt.

340

1,068

1,416

174

424

1,166

1,590

10.93

·---- - - - - -

Kowloon .................

476

2,157 2,633

108

171

279

584

2,328

2,912

9.58

Western

1,678 | 1,973

129

213

421

1,762 2,186

9.74

TOTAL..

1,119

4,903 | 5,022

313

353

666

1,432

5,256 6,688

9.95

Infant Health Clinics.

Without Defect

Some Abnormality

Total Attendances

% of Defect

Centrer

Total

New

Rev. Total

New Rev. Tatal New Rev. Total New Rev.

0-1 yr.

Harcourt..

Kowlona.

2,741 31,012

33.

753

385 1,351 1,736 3,126

32,363

35,489 12.32) 4.17

4.89

Western

-----

2,545: 24,735 2,715 25,276

27.280

Aberdeen

Stanley

206, 1,629

27,991

499 1,347

777 2,382 3,159) 3,322)

1,840 3,208

27.117

30,439 23.38

8.78

10.37

26,623

29,831 15.37

4.90

5.85

1,835

51 159 210) 257

1,788

2,045 | 19.84

8.89

10.27

120 1,457.

1,577

31 112

151

1,569

1,720 20.53

7.14

8.31

Shaukiwan

1,061 7,011

8,072

106

423

1,167

7.434)

8,601 9.06

5.69

6.15

Shamshuipe

256

2,016,

2.272

134

295

150

13.22

6.23

7.07

Kowloon City...

129

1701

137

320 5.

7.10

0.56

TOTAL.....| 9,773) 93,306

93,306 103,079 1,890 5,921 7,811 11,663

99,227 110,890 28.83 12.29

14.14

1-2 yrs.

Harcourt...

123

6,358 6,481) 31 184

154

6,5421

6,596 20.13

2.81

3.21

Kowloon

---

7,857

7,951

17!

495 512

8,352

8,463 15.31 5.92

6.04

Western

*++---

6,605,

6.692

294

109

6,899

7,008 20.18İ 4.26

4.51

Aberdeen

5091

SL6

560,

570 20.00) 9.11

9.47

Stanley

694

697

46.

7341

743 66.67 5.45

6.19

Shaukiwan

2,822

2,900

128

2.9501

3,040 13.33 4.34

4.61

Sham,buipo

520

522 50.00 4.23

4.40

Kowloon City..

27:

44 11.76

4.54

TOTAL... 408 25,370 25,778

94 1,214 1,308) 502

26,584 27,086 36.92 9.49

10.10

Torala

Harcourt

Kowloom

Western

Aberdeen

Struly

Shaukiwan

Shamehuipo

2 864 37,370 40,234 2,639 32,592) 35,231 2,002 31.881 34,683

SI5 641

213

2,138 2.351

54 210

123 L.139

-IL

143

2,151 2,274 9.853 10,972 257 2,534| 2,771 197

341

152

551

40 156 196 10 13

1541

416 1,535 1,951 3,200 38,905 794 2,877

3,433 35.469 3,317 33,522

267 2,348 2,615 20,22 8.94 160

2303 2,463 23.11 1,257 10.384 11,641 9.30 5.31 5.75

2,670

13.46! 5.84 6.60 210

364 6.49 6.19 6.31

42,185 12.68 38,902 13.12 36,639 15.52 4.90

3.95

4.62

8.11 9.43

5.85

10.1

4.60.

7.67

Kowloon City.

TOTAL... 10,191 118,676| 128,857 1,984|| 7,135| 9,119|12,165 125,811 137,976 29.32 11.66

13.61

APPENDIX 8

Tuberculosis (all forms), 1952

Notifications and Deaths.

Year

Estimated population

Notificatons

Deaths

D/N Ratio

Rates per

100,000 estimated population

1920

648,150

2,082

321.2

1921

625,116

1,894

303.1

1922

638,300

1923

667,900

1924

695,500

1925

725,100

1926

710,100

1927

740,300

1920

766,700

1929

802,900

1930

938,800

1931

840,473

1932

900,812

1933

922,643

1934

944,492

1935

966,341

NOT

NOTIFIABLE

2,096

328.3

2,108

315.6

2,358

339.0

2,291

315.9

1,912

269.2

2,123

286.7

2,537

330.9

2,158

268.1

1,994

237.7

1,983

235.9

2,042

226.6

2,225

241.2

2,179

230.7

2,237

231.5

1936

988,190

2,416

244.5

1937

1,281,982

4,028

314.2

1938

1,478,619

4.920

332.7

1939

1,750,256

7,591

4,443

1 to 1.7

253.8

1940

1945

1946

1,600,000

2,801

1,752

1 to 1.6

109.5

1947

1,750,000

4.855

1,861

1 to 2.6

106.3

1948

1,800,000

6,279

1,961

1 to 3.2

108.9

1949

1,857,000

7,510

2,611

1 to 2.8

140.6

1950

2,265,000

9,067

3,263

I to 2.8

144.0

1951

2,013,000 13,886

4,190

1 to 3.3

208.0

1952

2,250,000

14,021

3,573

1 to 4.1

158.8

Age Group

APPENDIX 9

Deaths from Tuberculosis of Respiratory System

by Age and Sex

1950 to 1952

1952

Male

Female Person

Malc

I 95 1

1950

Femalt Perioni

Male

Female Perrons

Under 1.......

1........

++LI

IHH...

2..

3...

10 14.

15 19..

20 - 24.

29.

139

* * * * * * =RX À

110

SEBES #

105

111

104

145

139

209

152

207

209

107

316

128

205

34..

176

255

236

123

359

166

100

266

39.

194

279

252

124

376

158

240

217

291

201

288

162

220

45-49.

160

229

172

219

122

177

5054..

141

184

147

219

101

156

―

55 59.....

135

100

143

112

64..

117

125

6569...

70-74.

79.

84...

]

1 1

85 & over awarenes Unknown

Total:

1,582

879

2,461 1,899 1,107

3,006 1,333

832

2,165

APPENDIX

Notifications of Respiratory Tuberculosis by

Age and Sex for the years 1950 to 1952

1 9 5 2

195 1

19 5 0

Age Group

Male Female Perood

Male

Female Pac:00:

Malc

Female Persons

Under 1..........

184

178

118

LLJJ

1...

169

168

337

163

132

295

156

205!

140

353

177

182

359

156

215

176

391

189❘ 168

357

124

4...

184

160

344

177

143

320

126

9....

417

289

706

435

303

738

172

14.

92 |

170

101

188

100

19.

LJILJ JIL

410

237

647

349 | 206

555

199

[15

314

20-24...

1,330

424

1,754 1.089

406

1,495

706

246

952

1.488

506

1,994 | 1,279

481

1.760 088

377

1,265

30 34.

TUT

35 39......

45 49.

П-

5054...

55 59.

1.334 537

1,871 1,216 543

1,759

003

403

1,206

---

1,117 464

1,581 985 453

1,438

665

313

978

44..

892 367

1,259

732 409

1,141

480

225

705

565❘ 249

814

479

235

714

321

177

498

409! 168

577

361

239

600 217

163

380

ז..

173

144

317

205

148

353

114

205

60-64

121

103

224

111

113

224

140

65-69

49 |

102

· 14..

75-79

13!

80-84.

84....

壁

85 & over

Unknown

44 ! 8

Total:

9,332 4,390 13,722 8,268 4,439 12,707

5,046 2,695

7,741

APPENDIX 11.

Available Hospital Beds--1952.

Name and Location of Hospital

Queen Mary Hospital,

Pokfulam Road,

Hong Kong

Kowloon Hospital,

Argyle Street, Kowloon......

Mental Hospital,

High Street, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong

Sai Ying Pur Hospital,

Queen's Road West,

Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong

Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital, Western St., Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong

Lai Chi Kok Hospital,

Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon

Eastern Maternity Hospital,

Stone Nullah Lane, Wanchai, Hong Kong

Wanchai Female V.D. Hospital,

Wanchai Hoad, Wanchai, Hong Kong

St. John Hospital,

Cheung Chau Island

Prison Hospital, Stanley

(Male)

LILI

Prison Hospital,

Lai Chi Kok (Female)

No. and Category of Beds

Re- marks

Gen- Obatat- Tuber Infect- Mental

eral rics culoria ious

479

182

180

▬▬

208

102

}

------TIT

140

TOTAL

933

203

332

235

141

APPENDIX 12

In-patients admitted into Government and Government Assisted hospitals 1952.

including cases remaining in hospital from the previous year.

NAME

Queen Mary Hospital

Kowloon Hospital.

Sai Ying Pun Hospital

Tsan Yuk Hospital

Mental Hospital........

Stanley Prison Hospital

Eastern Maternity Hospital.

Wanchai Social Hygiene Hospital

Lai Chi Kok Hospital

St. John Hospital.

Lai Chi Kok Female Prison Hospital

Bede

General Infectious

Tuber-

culosis

Maternity Mental

Total

cases

case:

CASCA

cases

caics

580

7,717

164

648

2,081

10,618

230

5,477

147

128 2,887

8,651

664

1,144

1,857

817

1,293

8,110

140

1,074

651

167

914

2,850

1,111

490

2,039

1,254

723

101

1,181

135

༴| །

4,016

379

1,731

118

129

Total Government Hospitals New Territories Dispensaries Tung Wah Group Hospitals Nethersole Hospital Ruttonjec Sanatorium

----------++++

Grand Total

1,844

19,775

193

2,914

1,750

15,497

1,125

41,061

2,971

3,166

1,149

20,595

234

4,430

18.523

43,782

185

3,599

105

117

1,612

5,433

160

493

3.393

44,162

3,254

6,791

38,603 1,125

93,935

APPENDIX B.

In-patients treated in Government and Government Assisted Hospital, 1952, Classified according to International Standard Classification Intermediate List of 150 Causes.

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Inter.

mediate

List

Number

Deaths 1952

Detailed

List

Number.

Cause Groups

Govern

Govern-

ment

meat

Hospitala

Govern-

mcot Assisted

Hospitals

Hospitels

Govern

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Whole Colony

Male Female

knowo

Bax Uni) Total

A 1

A 2

010

001-008 Tuberculosis of respiratory system Tuberculosis of meninges and

1,202

3,637

1,743 1,582

879

2,461

A 3

011

central nervous system...u Tuberculosis of intestines, peri-

153

960

625 422

381

803

A 4

012013

A S

014019

toneum and mesenteric glands. Tuberculosis of bones and joints... Tuberculosis, all other forms

214

126

134

248

123

215

--J-LI

A 6

020

Congenital syphilis.

021

Early Syphilis...

183

024

Tabea dorsalis.

025

General paralysis of insane

A 10

022, 023

All other syphilis

101

026 - 029

A 11

030 035

Gonococcal infections.

674

A 12

040

Typhoid fever.....

701

290

156

A 13

041-042

Paratyphoid fever and other

Salmonella infections..

A 14

043

Cholera.

A 15

044

Brucellosis (undulant fever).

16 (a)

045

Bacillary dysentery

151

الرحام

046

Amoebiasis

121

(0)|

A 17

050

dysentery Scarlet fever

Carried forward..

3,859

5,482

305 | 2,528 | 2,369 : 1,464

3.83 3

"Among three, 1 dind of A107-Other diseases of digestive system.

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Inter-

mediate

Detailed

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

List

Number

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

Govern

Govern-

tment

ment

Hospitals

meat Assisted

Hospitals

mment

Auristed

Hospitals

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Mala Fomale

¡Sex Un-j known

Total

Brought forward...

3,859 5,482

305

2,528 | 2,369 2,369 | 1,464

3,833

A 18

051

Streptococcal sore throat

A+

A 19

052

Erysipelas

+------

A 20

053

Septicaemia and pyaemia.

A 21

055

Diphtheria

879

125

157

A 22

056

Whooping Cough

--------------

057

Meningococcal infections

058

Plague

I-HI

A 25

060

Leprosy

A 26

061

Tetanus

HI+E+

A 27

062

Anthrax

| 2. [

A 28

080

A 29

042

A 30

Acute poliomyelitis

Acute infectious encephalitis

081, 083 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis

and acute infectious encephalitis

A 31

084

Smallpox

A 32

085

Measles......

430

A 33

091

Yellow fever

A 34

092

A 35

094

Rabies

A 36 (0)

100

(b)

101

(c)

104

105

102, 103

A37(a)

106 - 108

110

Infectious hepatitis

Lonse borne epidemic typhus

Flea-borne epidemic typhus

(murine)

Tick-borne epidemic typhus... Mite-borne typhus

Other and unspecified typhus

Vivax malaria (benign tertian) Carried forward...

105

I was wo

K AN

++++

5,557

5,715

564

2,572 | 2,574 | 1,635

4,210

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

APPENDIX 13-Continued

דו

Casca

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Deathe 1952

Govern-

ment

Hospitals

Governs

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Govern

ment

Hospitals

Govern

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Whole Colony

Male Femalo

[Sex Un-

known

Total

Brought forward.

5,557 5,715 564

2,572 2,574 | 1,636

4,210

A 37 (b)

Ill

{e)!

112

(d)] 115

e),113, 114

116, 117

A 38 (o)

123.0

tobium)

(b)

123.1

Mansoni)

(c)

123.2

(d)]

123.3

Schistosomiasis vesical (S. haema-

Schistosomiasis intestinal (S.

Schistosomiasis pulmonary

(S. Japonicum)

+++++

Other and unspecified schis-

tosomiasis

A 39

125

Hydatid disease

A 40 (o)

127

Onchocerciasis

(b)]

127

Loiadis

127

Filariasis (bancrofti)

(d)

127

Other filariasis

A 41

129

Ankylostomiasia

A 42 (0))

126

{b}| 130.0

Ascariasis....

(d)|124, 128

A 43 (a)

130.1, 130.2

037

Tapeworm (infestation) and other

cestode infestations

Guinea Worm (dracunculosis)

Other diseases due to helminths...

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Malariae malaria (quartan)

Falciparum malaria (Malignant

tertian)...

259

Blackwater fever

Other and unspecified forms of

malaria...

-------------

105

20.1

| | |

Carried forward.

--------

103

بت

HI-------

188

| 10

5.905

6,557 | 569

2,603 | 2,603 |1,653

4,256

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

ment

Hospitals

Brought forward.

A 43 (b):

038

(c); 039

(d)! 049

(e) 071

(5)

072

¡Granuloma inguinale, venereal..... Other and unspecified venereal diseases

Food poisoning infection and intoxication.

Relapsing fever

Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica

(Weil's disease)

Govern-

ment

Assisted

Hospitali 5,905 6,557 569 2,603 2,603 | 1,653

Govern

Govern-

1020

Hospitals

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Whole Colony

Male

Female

Sex Un.

known

Total

4,256

1 1

(8);

073

Yaws

097

Chickenpox

(i)

090

Dengue.....

(095

Trachoma....

-----+

(k) | 096,7

Sandfly fever

(D) 120

Leishmaniasis

(m) 121 (a)

Trypanosomiasis gambiensis..

(b)

Trypanosomiasis rhodesiensis

------

(c)

Other and unspecified

trypanosomiasie

(n)

131

Dermatophytosis

135 Scabies

p) 036,054,059, All other diseases classified as

063,064,070, infective and parasitic

259

-----TTITH

(074,086,088,

089,093,

[096.1,096.6

096.8,096.9,

122,132-134,

136-138.

Carried forward.

6,261

6,580

574

2,603 2,609 | 1,653

4,262

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern

Govern-

Govern.

ment

Hospitals

mcot Assisted Hospitala Hospitals

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Whole Colony

Male

Female Sex Unio known

Total

Brought forward.

6,261 6,580

574 2,603 2,6091,653

4,262

A 44

140148 Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity and pharynx

107

A 45

150

A 46

151

Malignant neoplasm of oesophagus Malignant neoplasm of stomach

141

852

110

127

A 47

152,153

Malignant neoplasm of intestine,

except rectum

A 48

154

A 49

A 50

161

162,163

Malignant neoplasm of rectum Malignant neoplasm of larynx Malignant neoplasm of trachea,

សទិ

A $1

170

A 52

171

and of bronchus and lung not specified as secondary Malignant neoplasm of breast Malignant neoplasm of cervix

-----

A 53

uteria

172 174 Malignant neoplasm of other and

unspecified parts of uterus

140

122

A 54

177

Malignant neoplasm of prostate

A 55

190 191

Malignant neoplasm of skin.........

IN FA

A 56

196, 197

Malignant neoplasm of bone and connective tissue

A 57

155 160

Malignant neoplasm of all other

164, 165,

and unspecified sites

180

174

168

249

175, 176,

178-181,

192 - 195

A 58

198 - 199

204

Leukaemia and aleukaemia

Carried forward.

6,992 1 7,445

715 | 2,977 | 3,042 | 2,042

5,084

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Cases

Treated 1952 Govern- Govern-

Deaths 1952

Govero-

meat

Hospital

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Govern.

witat

Whole Colony

Hospitals

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Male

Female

Sax Un-j

known

Fotal

A 59

Brought forward.......

200 203 Lymphosarcoma and other

neoplasms of lymphatic and

6,992 7,445 715

2,977, 3,042 2,042

5,084

205

haematopoietic system

कर्म

A 60

210 239

Benign neoplasms and neoplasms of unspecified nature...

668

230

A 61

250, 251

Nontoxic goiter

A 62

252

Tyrotoxicosis with or without goiter

123

A 63

260

Diabetes mellitus

A 64 (a)

280

Beriberi

132

(b)

281

Pellagra

------

HH D

(c)

282

Scurvy

A 65 (0)

290

(d) 283 - 286 Other deficiency states

Pernicious and other hyperchromic

130

anaėmias

{b}

291

Iron deficiency anaemias

(hypochromic)

anaemias

227

A 66 (4);

241

¦Asthma

286

(b)

240

242 - 245

¡All other allergic disorders, endocrine, metabolic and blood

253, 254

270-277

287 - 289

294- 299

diseases.

-----

160

Carried forward.

9,356 | 8,585

771 3,090 3,193 2,162

5,355

APPENDIX

Inter-

mediate

Detailed

List

Cause Groups

13-Continued

Cases

Treated 1952

Govern

Deaths 1952

Govern-

Covers-

Bent

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Number

ment

ment Assisted

Hospitais

Hospitals

Assisted

Hospitals

Male Fomal.

|Sex Un-

known

Total

Brought forward..

8,356

8,585

771

3,090 3,193 | 2,162

5,355

A 67

300 - 309 Psychoses...

719

++++

* 15

A 68

310-324 Psychoneuroses and disorders of

326

personality

292

A 69

325

Mental deficiency

A 70

330 - 334

Vascular lesions affecting central

nervous system

139

329

A 21

340

Noameningococcal meningitis

68 |

215

284

196

A 72

345

Multiple sclerosis

A 73

353

Epilepsy

480

A 74

370 - 379

Inflammatory diseases of eye

A 75

A 76

385

Cataract

387

Glaucoma.

A 77 (a)

390

Otitis externa

(b)

391-393

394

A 78

Otitis media and mas toiditis Other inflammatory diseases of ear 380-384 All other disease and Conditions

➖ ➖ ➖ ➖ ➖➖

[

386, 388

389

of eye

Carried forward....

9,854

9,254

887 | 3,324 3,324 | 3,507 | 2,384

5,891

Among there, 2 died of A2-Tuberculosis of meninges and central nervous system. 1 died of A20-Septicaemia and pyaemia.

1 died of A64-(a)-Beriberi.

5 died of A70-Vascular lesions affecting central nervous system.

2 died of A91-Primary atypical, other and unspecified paeumonia.

1 died of A107-Other diseases of digestive system.

I died of A114(-)-AU other diseases of the genito-urinary system.

I died of AE147(+)-All other accidential causes.

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

mcot

Hospitals

Govern

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Govern-

ment

Hospitals

ment

Assisted Hospitals |

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Male Female

|Sex Un-

known

Total

Brought forward.

9,054 9,254

887

3,324 3,507 | 2,384

(b) 341-344 All other diseases of the nervous 350 - 352 | system and sense organs

166

| 20

5,891

354 - 357

| 360 - 369

395 - 398

A 79

400 - 402

Rheumatic fever.....

A 80

410 416

Chronic rheumatic heart disease.

190

352

155

126

160

286

A 81

420 - 422

Arteriosclerotic and egenerative

heart disease ....

598

220

274

236

510

A 82

430

A 83

434 Other diseases of heart.

440 443 Hypertension with heart diseases..

142

259

107

A 84

444 - 447

Hypertension without mention

of heart...

A 85

A B6

450

456

Diseases of arteries

++++

460 - 468

Other diseases of circulatory

system

205

388

A 87

470 - 475

Acute upper respiratory infections

437

337

A 88

480 483

Influenza

113

310

A 89

490

Lobar Pneumonia ....

662

185

235

150

385

A 90

491

Bronchopneumonia.

505

3,550

190

1,797

1,859 1,907

3,766

A 91

492, 493 Primary atypical, other and

unspecified pneumonia

404

A 92

500

Acute bronchitis.......

202

A 93

501, 502

A 94

510

adenoids

A 95

Bronchitis, chronic and unqualified' Hypertrophy of tonsils and

518, 521 Empyema and abscess of lung

447

105

165

222

TI-IT---T----

243 /

Carried forward.

12,563

16,907

1,218 : 5,836 6,405 $,205

11,610

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Inter-

mediate

Detailed

Cases

Treated 1952

Deathe 1952

List

Cause Groups

Number

Govern-

ment

Hospitals

Govern-

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Govern

Govern-

mcat

10900

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Hospitals

Assisted

Hospitals

Male

Female

Sex Ung

known

Total

Brought forward.

12,563

16,907

1,218

5,836 6,405 | 5,205

11,610

A 96

519

Pleurisy

130

168

A 97 (4).

523

Pneumoconiosis

(b)

51-517

All other respiratory diseases

241

110

520 - 522

524 - 527

A 98 (a)

530

Dental Caries

(b)

531-535

All other diseases of teeth and supporting structures.

A 99

A 100

540

Ulcer of Stomach

214

371

541

Ulcer of duodenum

244

A 101

$43

Gastritis and duodenitis

310

A 102

$50 553 Appendicitis

684

380

FgསྐྱུC9

A 103

560, 561, Intestinal obstruction and hernia.

465

189

570

A 104(o)

571.0

Gastro-enteritis and colitis,

between 4 weeks and 2 years...

573

2,365

155

1,359 1,026 | 1,232

2,258

(b)

571,1

Gastro-enteritis and colitis, ages

2 years and over

384

620

282

346

227

573

(c)

572

Chronic enteritis and ulcerative colitis

110

A 105

581

Cirrhosis of liver

118

230

----

131

163

A 106

A 107

584 585 Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. 536 - 539 Other diseases of digestive system

174

630

802

78 125

190

542, 544

545

573 - 580

582 - 583

586, 587

Carried forward..

16,546 22,666

1,562 | 7,747 8,372 6,937

15,309

Iater-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

List

Cause Groups

Govern-

Number

Govern-

mcat

meat

Hospitals

Govern-

ment Assisted Hospitals Hospitala

Govern-

tatat

Assisted

Hospitals

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Bale Female

1Sex Un-|

trown

Total

Brought forward,

16,546

22,666

1,562 7,747

8,372

6,397

15,309

A 108

A 109

A 110

600

A 111

602, 604

A 112

A 113

A 114

610

620, 621

Hyperplasia of prostate

(a)

613

nephritis

590 Acute nephritis

591 594 |Chronic, other and unspecified

Infections of kidney

Calculi of urinary system.

Diseases of breast

!Hydrocele

634 ¡Disorders of menstruation 601, 603 |All other diseases of the 605, 609 genito-urinary system

611, 612

614-617

622 - 633 |

640-641, Sepsis of pregnancy, child-birth

163

788

205

190

151

341

↓

130

| |

110

1,000

952

635 - 637

A 115

681, 682.

and the puerperium

684

A 116

642, 652 Toxaemias of pregnancy and the

685, 686

puerperium

$72

112

A 117

643, 644 Haemorrhage of pregnancy and

670 - 672

childbirth.

320

230

A 118

650

Abortion without mention of

sepsis or toxaemia

488

819

A 119

651

Abortion with sepsis

Carried forward..

19,556 | 25,898 1,602 7,997.8,586 17,161

15,747

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

meat

Hospitals

Govern

went

Assisted

Hospitals

Govern-

meot

Hospitals

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Male Female

¡Sex Un-

known

Total

Brought forward..

19,556 | 25,898

1,602

7,997 | 8,586 17,161

15,747

A 120(a), 645 - 649

673 - 680

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

3,705 1,062

10 F

683

687 - 689

(b)

660

Delivery without complication.

11,046 19,146

A 121

690 - 698

Infections of skin and

subcutaneous tissue

377

804

A 122

A 123

720 - 725

726, 727

Arthritis and spondylitis Muscular rheumatism and

315

F+TTINET

rheumatism, unspecified

+++++

109

A 124

730

Osteomyelitis and periostitis

150

的

---

4 125

737

Ankylosis and acquired

745 - 749

musculoskeletal deformities

A 126 (a)

715

Chronic ulcer of skin (including tropical ulcer).

342

(b)

700-714

All other diseases of skin.

225

289

中

716 E

(c)

731-736 All other diseases of

738 - 744

A 127

751

A 128

754

musculoskeletal system

Spina bifida and meningocele Congenital malformations of circulatory system

ז...

A 129

750, 752

All other congenital malformations

134

753

755 - 759

A 130

A 131

760, 761

762

Birth injuries

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis

Carried forward.

177

35,754 | 48,137

1,688

8,066 | 8,711 | 7,274

15,985

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Detailed

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Caser

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Liat

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

ment

Govern-

ment

Assisted

Govende

ment

Hospitals

vern-

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Male Female

Sex Un

known

Total

Brought forward.

35,754 48,137

1,688 8,066

8,711 7,274

15,985

A 132(a)

764

Diarrhoea of newborn

!(under 4 weeks)

109

الرحام

765

Ophthamia neonatorum..

(c),163,766-768 Other infections of newborn

189

139

126

109

235

A 133

770

Haemolytic disease of newborn

וי

A 134

:769,771,772' All other defined diseases of early

infancy

179

271

111

A 135

(773-776

Ill-defined diseases peculiar to

early infancy

504

573

392

KAREH

403 423

906

A 136

794

Senility without mention of

Psychosis

347

109

811 114

195

A 137(a)

(b)| 793

788.8 Pyrexia of unknown origin Observation, without need for

further medical care

316

All other ill-defined causes of

788.1-789.7

morbidity.

173

160

601 516 16

1,133

788.9

1789 - 792

795

Total-carried forward.

37,034❘ 49,607

9,607

1,828

8,755 · 10,090| 8,577

16 18,683

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Cases

Inter-

mediate

List

Number

Deaths 1952

Treated 1952

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

Govern

Govern-

ment

mtot

Govern-

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

ment

Aaslated

Hospitals

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Male Female

[Sex Un Total

known

Brought forward..

37,034

49,607

1,828

8,755 10,090 8,577

16 18,683

AE 138 E810 E835 Motor Vehicle Accidents

845

901 19

109

AE 139

E800 - E802,Other transport accidents.. E840 - E866

373

20.

+++

AE 140

E870 - E895 Accidental poisoning

AE 141 E900 - E904 Accidental falls

897

861

111

AE 142 E912

Accident caused by Machinery

AE 143 E916

Accident caused by fire and

explosion of combustible material.

130

AE 144 E917, E918 Accident caused by hot substance,;

corrosive liquid steam and

radiation

196

AE 145 E919

Accident Caused by firearm...........

AE 146 E929

Accidental drowning and

submersion

110

AE 147

(a) E920

Foreign body entering eye and

adnexa

(b) E923

Foreign body entering other orifice

Accidents caused by bites and stings of venomous animals

and insects

Carried forward.

39,842 49,666 1,998

8,755 | 10,397 8,671

1619,084

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Inter

mediate

List

Number

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Detailed

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern-

mat

Hospitals

Govern-

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Govern.

meat

Hospitals

Govern

ment

Assisted

Hospitals

Deaths 1952

Whole Colony

Mala Female

Sex Un-

known

Total

Brought forward..

39,842 | 49,666

1,998 8,755 10,397 8,671

16 | 19,084

(d) E928

Other accidents caused by animals

(e) E910, E911, All other accidental causes

493

56 13

E913-E915,

E921-E922,İ

E924-E926,|

E930 E965

AE 148 E970 - E979 Suicide and self-inflicted injury AE 149 E980-E985 Homicide and injury purposely

inflicted by other persons (not in war)

AE 150 E990-E999'Injury resulting from operations

of war

494

225

154

112

266

GRAND TOTAL

41,061 | 49,708 2,114 8,75710,634| 8,809

16 19,459

APPENDIX 13-Continued

Inter-

mediate

Cases

Treated 1952

Deaths 1952

Detailed

List

Number

List

Number

Cause Groups

Govern.

ment

Hospitals

Govern-

ment

Govern

Govern-

Whole Colony

pleat

Assisted

Hospitala

Hospitals

Assisted

Hospitals

Male

Female

Bex Vo-|

known

Tota!

AN 138 N800 N804 Fracture of skull

297

AN 139 N805 - N809 Fracture of spine and trunk AN 140 N810 - N§29 Fracture of limbs .... AN 141

AN 142

370

H+H

918

N830 - N839,Dislocation without fracture N840- N848 Sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscle

112

2493

149

191

AN 143

AN 144

N850- N856 Head injury (excluding fracture)... |N860- N869 Internal injury of chest, abdomen and pelvis

493

| *

AN 145

AN 146

AN 147

- N870 N908 Laceration and open wounds N910 - N929 Superficial injury, contusion and crushing with intact skin surface N930- N936 Effects of foreign body entering through orifice

618

157

117

AN 148

N940 - N949|Burns

245

AN 149

N960 - N979-Effects of poisons ............

451

AN 150

N950- N959 All other and unspecified effects

IN980 N999 of external causes

118

182

253

TOTAL.

4,027

101

286

544

232

776

APPENDIX 14.

Out-patients-1952

Total Attendances at Government and Government Assisted Hospitals, Clinics and Dispensaries.

INSTITUTIONS

Central Chil-

Dres-

sings

Out- dren's patients Clinica

Ante- Post-Cynasco Social Natal Natal logical Hygiene

Eye

Now &

Throat

Tuber-

eutosis

Mental

Total

Hospitals:

Queen Mary

Kowloon...

Tian Yuk

St. John.....

Stanley Prison

+----utted---

6,207. 8,6811

2,299; 324 2,110

372.701 232,987| 5,694

13.153;

100 2,492

276

9,218

183

4,356)

193

20,273

640,701

10,273

21,846

867|

32,986

8,478 11,051 9,058 14,551 55,922,

99!

170

28,856

4,042,

1,101

75,616

9,638,

9,630

1,153

L. C. K. Female Prison..

Mental

Clinics and Dispensaries :)

Sai Ying Pun

Violet Peel...... Harcourt T.B.

Kowloon T.B.

Social Hygiene

J-JJILL

9 Public Dispensarica

12 New Territories Disp.

Families Clinic

JJJILLLLIJJJJI

Police Medical Post.

Victoria Remand Prison.

Mong Kok Clinic..

Port Health

Health Centres i

39,117, 109,854,

86,165, 4,384

170

3,865)

16,765

74.352 87,305) 72,410,

1,878

1,673.

262,198

235,740

50.766

50,766

48,590

48,890

149,237,

149.237

51,706, 116,167 169,559!

47,458

76,065 1,234

5,616,

3,016'

9,446.

3-52,85L

3,887! 1,345

2011

1,384

134,594

7.904

7,904

3.793

10,179 12,047;

207

149

213,

690

27,873

1,361; 10,388

267|

481.

206

131

12,834

26,067

6,070

29,096

61.233

1,144

Western

Kowloon

2,186)

2,186

2,912

Harcourt

1,590

677

2,267

Total of Government

Institution

645,791

Tung Wah Group of Hospa.;

Netherole Horp.

743,355 395,540. 57,308j 15,842 97,853 $7,457 10,931 8,519 12,080 7,175,

1,461

965

18,232) 157,646 29,380, 9,442 102,544 2,205

11,741

1,153

2,161,852

23,216,

10,925

219,509

45,924

Ruttoujee Sanatorium..............]

5,145

GRAND TOTAL..... 670,152, 853,288′ 458,443)

458,442;

75,4141

2.426

157,646 $2,258 157,646| 52,596!

9,442 118,614

1,153

2,431,430

APPENDIX 15.

Out-patients--1952

New Cases at Government and Government Assisted Hospitals, Clinics and Dispensaries.

INSTITUTIONS

Dret-

tings

General Chil- Out- dren's paticots Clinica

Ante-

Natal

Port- Gynaeco- Social Natal logical Hygiene

Eye

Ear.

Note &

Throat

Tuber.

culosis

Mental

Total

Hospitala

Queen Mary Kowloon..

Tian Yuk

----ILLLLLJ-L-LL

St. Joha.......

Stanley Prison

L. C. K. Female Prison...!

Meata!

Clinics and Dispensaries

Violet Peel..

Sai Ying Pun

Kowloon T.B.

6,2071 7,787

386

617

335,708) 194.238

3,329

2,586;

4,291

8,039

100 1,228

403

276)

6,173,

183

1,807

193.

15.649

545,259

12,733

г г 1 1 т г г г г-г- - - -

3,986) 6,667 3,953

6,023

16,830

45,846

9,638

3.401

54,001

9,638

290

42,91B

7,100

63,157 53,700

715

71,573 59,254 1,682

160,490

158

1,507:

3,397

604

145,275

48.590!

Harcourt T.B.

48,890

Social Hygiene

50,766!

50,766

23,565,

9 Public Dispensaries

23,565

13,617

73,718 119,297

3,154

3,834

224

12 New Territories Disp.

16,435

46,758!

214,268

736

1,419

749:

201

410

Families Clinic

67,650

➖ ➖ ➖ ➖ ILLI

679!

Police Medical Post....

679

2,426

6,227

6,120,

172

791

86.

3191

345

Victoria Remand Prison.....

23:

15,000

486

4,837

121-

185

Mong Kok Cinic..

107|

5.284

16,105

4.397.

25,249

Port Health

45,751

962

Health Centres

Westerd

Kowloon..

Harcourt

++ke+

124

584

424

584

Total of Government

Institution9

Tung Wah Group of Horps.

Nethersole Hosp.

448,9391 535,934 277,999 6,490 42,848 26,344 9.738! | 4,842 1,436; 2,080)

19,282

661! 7,349 27,922

1,260

11,371

6.494

4,279, 101,136) 2,402|

290

1,435,212

97,476

9651

6,3201

15.643

GRAND TOTAL..... 455,429 583,674 305,679 31,100 1,626 14,929

27,922

19,865

4,279| 103,538|

290

1,548,331

APPENDIX 16

Attendances at Public Dispensaries-1952

Out-Patients

Deliveries

Public Dispensaries

Children

Adults

Total

New

Cases

Atten- dances

Cases

Atten- dances

Total In-pat- Dom- ients iciliary

Vaccina- Inocula- tions tiona

Central

-JLI

15,904 24,878

8,871 20,178)

5,147

749

Eastern

11,732

15,935 9,276 21,058

14,512

4,502

Shaukiwan

Aberdeen

Shamehaipo

24.132

34,247| 34,247

12.411

24.185

557

4.931

1,763

5,510 6,826

4,908:

8,061

455! 2,460

794

23,732 39,145 30,716

57,892)

488

21,716

1,618

Yaumati

HI+------

10.594 15.138; 8.685

21,631

260

8,762

1,575

Hung Hom

Stanley.

Kowloon City

Mongkok

11,603, 14,766)

989, 1.315 15,101, 17,309, 17,309 25,249

8,315

14,766

3,606

930

1,389 10,400| 10,400 16,148 29,096 20,502 32,137

5.373 256

18:

1,023

1,020

838

2,132

819

Total......... 144,546, 198,655 115,473 215,129.

256 2,616 64,289 13,775

APPENDIX 17

Attendances at Medical Centres New Territories-1952

―

Out-patients

Deliveries

Dispensaries

New Cases

Total Attendances

In-patients

Domiciliary

Tai Po

Ho Tung Shataukok..... Un Long Sun Hui

Sai Kung Shatin Tai O

17,641

35,937

704

1,495

5,006

294

670

2,572

140

16,897

30,509

927

1,507

3,721

267

3,819

7,485

143

4,317

7,506

165

100

7,953

18,919

374

Silver Mine Bay

2,330

4,905

Ping Chau

Travelling (West)

1,580

3,721

Travelling (East).

5,439

8,332

3,972

5,981

67,650

334,594

3,052

368

100

101

APPENDIX 18

Statistical Summary of Dental Treatment Carried out during 1952

A. General Dental Service.

Type of Patients

Visita Extractions

Surgical

Operations

Fillings

& Crowns

Conserva-

tive

Dressings

Dentures,

Prophylaxis Obturators

Numbers

rendered

etc.

Dent. Fit

Government Ser

Vants

6,331

3,336

163

2,181

409

595

351

744

Government Ser-

vants & Families..

4,879

2,459

1,413

232

289

176

525

General Public

12,277

14.906

458

Total.

23.487

20,701

683

3,614

682

915

$41

1,269

B. School Dental Service (All grades of schools)

Visits

No. of children!

examined No. of children found to require Extractions

treatment

Other Surgical Operations

Fillinge

& Crowns

Conservative

Dressings

Prophylaxis

29,386

20,819

15,553

21,474

1,576

5,966

1,801

343

Private School only.

APPENDIX 19

Pathological Sub-Department Summary of Examinations carried out in 1952

Agglutination

NATURE OF EXAMENATION

Salmonella gui

Br. mediter

Br. aberta

Wal Felix reacti

Seriological reaction for syphila

Blend emer

Haematology

Culture

卡

examination

Faces

Ret

-----JLLLLLU ‒‒¶¶‒‒‒‒‒‒¶TTE

----זזייי

11TTTTITITI'TT-

-----L..

--TO-IT

ALLLOOOL-ALLIIT

LITT

---ML

-L

LILIIILL11---------

--------------------

- -L-LL

--זיזיםויוי---

L. L.----------

arageal runks (C. diphthe

for pathogenic

-------

are (exctric organies

JJILI - - - - - - - -- -- -

Bome

IIIJL▬▬▬▬ILILLI‒‒‒¶¶¶TL- IIILLI ----

Intestinal parasites

Bruns for Negri bodien Sperlo

. LI

------

-----

יזיויי

---ח-זזוו-זזו וחו1זז11וחווויוז!!!!1ז11זיי

TI- 117

Smears for 11. kepene

· LLLL S LILLII--LLLL-LILL-I-LLLLLL---

Pas & body Qui

Grine (Routine, cho

---------

Preghiacy tests:

Bacte

-17------TITII-

ו --זיזייזזויייי

Grand total.......

102

'זז!

bagical

Hospital

Magical

1.205

土

纂

1,15

程

ནཱཡཉྩ བྷཱ།ནྣཎྜཀྐནྡྷབྷཱཝཙནཱ

ཙི བྷུཎྜོ བྷཱཝཡངྒཱ བྷཱུབྷཝ ཀཱབྷཱབྷམཱRནུ་ུནཔ༔1ལྷརྨཱ

26:1

** * *3 $2,2 80"

2,454

HUSI

བྷཛིཏཱིནཱཏྟཱ །

5.214

ཆུ 38 རྨཱ8ཎཱ སྐྱུ: 61ནམྦ⪜བྷཱུཉྫཱཐབཎྞ།

149,564 ILOS 57.177 234,026

APPENDIX 20

A Summary of the work done at the Hong Kong and Kowloon Public Mortuaries, 1952

Total No. of Post-mortem Examinations performed during the year

No. of male bodies examined

No. of female bodies examined

-----

Sex unknown owing to decomposition

No. of claimed bodies sent from hospital, etc.

No. of unclaimed bodies, mostly abandoned

No. of bodies cremated

No. of Chinese bodies examined

No. of Non-Chinese bodies examined

No. of Medico-legal Cases

3,671

2,159

1,495

793

2,878

1,059

3,650

471

Male

Female

Total

No. of bodies under 2 years of age

---------++-

1,030

953

1,983

No. of bodies over 2 years of age

+++ I

1,129

542

1,671

No. of bodies received from the following sources:

(Hong Kong)

Victoria District

Shaukiwan

Infant Hospitals

Other Hospitals

Marine Police

Total

+++

г. г.-

103

י.

404

+++H

202

181

873

(Kowloon and New Terriories)

Water Police

Station

T. Land

Yaumati

Mongkok

129

+++

503

403

Shamshuipo

Kowloon City

Hunghom

Tsun Wan

Castle Peak

Pingshan

Lok Ma Chau

Kam Tin

Pat Heung

Sheungshui

Takuling

Shataukok

Tai Po

Shatin

Sai Kung

Tai O

Cheung Chau

H. O. (K)

Hospitals, etc.

Total

1,352

+++

2,798

No. of rats caught and brought to mortuaries

No. of rats examined

No. of rats' spleen smears taken for examination

No. of rats infected with plague

➖ ➖ ➖➖ --------T--------T--.UNTUUT11

104

232,054

LLJL--

16,167

Nil

OMON SHOW

LESS

ته

OVT.