港史文本 || HK In Texts: CO129/18 - Others

Hory Kong

1845.

Pol: 3 Miscellaneous

blic

Gril

62107

Com

ury

House o

Commor

Copy

RECEIVED

JAN.31

1846

180 HongKong

Resolved,

House of Commons.

Jovis, 29° die Januarii, 1846.

That an humble Address be presented to Her Majesty, that She will be graciously pleased to give directions that there be laid before this House, a Return of the annual Receipt and Expenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong made up to the latest period for which accounts have been received, showing the gross receipts from the various branches of Revenue, under their different heads; distinguishing the amounts levied in the Colony from Parliamentary Grants, and stating the expenditure under its various branches. >j

I H

Foreign Office

noch

H. Frenchan day, Lie

1846

Forvarded by SAN!

#Mundock 31 MEStephen 31 Lord Lyttelton

"SEC Gladstone | 31

2 Febr.1845

Lunedincited. & Mr

Secretung Gladstone to haus mit Wonheceurth

the Copyspace Address

Cong presented to It Me Mutous

Hommons callington

actain returns relative to the Revenue and

Expenditure of the fglong of Hallong.

As the returns

in this Office with not Enable In Gladstone to make a complet

complete retium

to this Address, Same to

request you

dondo Comme

comove the

of the

directions for the

togive dire

preparation opit in their

dardships Dept.

haver

Adr

ard

Agent

Foreign Office

Tom

Off

House

Comm

Agent

House

Comme

Mr. Magen

he made at the

Jusfi0

Admiralty

ما

rd of

Foreign

Towe

sury

Admiralty

}

Thenan

FEB.

M..

1846

aran Gladstone In undland

mind al

the Admically tr

huruths ago,

Counquance of

consight

not

forwarded to the

མ་ Colonial Office

they ought to hum

bren-

bile por

farid enough

send them bech

un when fin

ми

Cam mad thems

физ

Admirals Sanj 2

·8

I anclude this st. Du

Amidad as a

covering

letter the papers as fanucand officially

Wh. Ja31

Papers returned.

3. Jeb746.

Intered

Captain Hamilton R. R.

Forwardedby 1346 Mr. Smith

Stephen Lord Lyttelton

M.SE&Gladstone 25

238

30 January 1846.

With references to letter of the 17 I have

sny letter

altans,

received Mr. Secretar Gladstone's directions

to transmit to

you

the Great Seal of the United Kingdom, prepared in pursuance

3rd of Jan in 1848. a Commission under

Art

Order of Her

of Majesty

in Council

dated the 28.dulto

23rd

Corpowering the Lords Commissionen the Adminally

ہو

Hou Com

Admi

to appoint

Luminal, and

Vice

the Vulge,

Officcis required for

Vice a Court of Admiralty in the

Island of Hong Kong

this

I also hranoun't an Account of the expenses to be advanced from the Funds of Department for payment of the charges in passing the Commission an question, amounting to Thirty via and I am

request

move

you

Sounds, 14791

हर

will

7 the Lords

Patent Office # 15-16. Signet Office 5-5- Crown Office 15-13-

Siguct

3614m

Commissioner of Admnially to give the racesary directions for repaying Iwith, the Chief Clock of this office,

to M

the amount to he advanced for this

sewice

ard

Foreign Office

Hom Of

reasury

House

Comm Admiral

REFCEIVED

FEB 6

1946

238.

23 tháng tông

B. Stephen 8.7

سلام

ود.

édesiatly Hy

4 February 1841

Having laid before

my Lord, Coummison

of the

atty

Jour Letter of the 31 Junery housmitting

by direction of ter Vecretary Gladstone Commission under the

The Great Seal of the lenited Kingdom

ес

empowering

дел

Lordships to appoint

Vie Adencial

Judge

and other

Ледибид

proper Offeines re for a Courts of the

ев

Advically in the

Island of Hong Kong, and requesting

the

theol

Charger for fasting the Commission in

Downing Hesat.

questio

2...y

ury

House Comm

Admiral

question

teng

lotte sum of £36,149

be-repaid to the

may

Colonial department;

acided

by their Drolships & aquarels you for Me Secretary Gladstone's information that directions have been

given to thin folicitin

accordingly-

مه

Jei

Jove most obedient

hulle ju

ها

WORK amitting

6 Fib

This should be shown to hd.

Smith before it is also he

239.

10. Feb. The

publy

question rec? by

FEB 6

Step

1846

4/4.6

'16

Hong

29 tháng động.

ephen Eig

4.4. Colonical office

бе

41 Feb:710116

My Lords Coming

news of the Admioty having been pleased

6 appoint the Chief Justice Johre Walter

Staline Ex or the

Chief Justice for the lince being

Count

badge of the of tire Adenially in the Island of

chạy động,

gee

Governur sie Premis

Davis Bact be be Vie Adenial of

the said Islaved and

its dependent ies I love it in fon

Cam.

to aequariol you

there with for the

informati

Agent

eign

ffice

sury

House Commo Admiralt

information of her Secretary Gladstone

ith reference 6. Jour

unicatio

of the 17 December 1845, and Wet the

Patents of these

Appointments will

Remccaine at the

Registry Office, Doctors Comme

مس

to be taken up

wool bedient

се

hile proment

Boskamiting

Agen

reign

Offic

Hon

ury

House o

Commo

Admiralty

های ته

Former Papers - Vide 238. Aden - _

J Z I

Per W.238 H.K.

97/9369

པལབ་ཡི

Ada

-16.

Gov.

ཀ

299 Sagkung

Admiralty Registry

/Doctors Comment

19th Prb 7 1846

Feb

RECEIVED

FEB.20

1846

افات

beg leave to transmit a Patent which has been prepared in this Registry in obedunce to the Command of the Lords Commissionint of the Admically appointing Schn "Walter Hulme Esquire judge of the Vice Admirally Court of the Island of Hong Kong

the

and

Sami Ma

may

have to Request - What We be forwarded to Hong Kong through the Governor and delivered to Mr. Italine on payment of the Stampe and This due thereupon Amcounting to Lyu.

15.10.

De Iushactions as to the Annual Value of the Office granted by this Patent having

been given the Stamp of £2. has

James Stephen Ery

been

oreign

asury

پر

House o Common

Admiralty

been used as the lowest amoun

of Daly payable under the Act 55th G10: 3rd Cafe 184.

may

If the Emoluments exceed £50 per annum the patent

be returned to the Regist of the Admiralty Doctors Commer with an Intimation as to the Annual Value of the Emclancen in order that the proper Stamp applicable under the Act m

be affixed.

Jam,

Si,

most obedient Ser

ner mot

your

#Whaler

heritan

ར་་

ard

Foreign

Office

Off

reasury

House o Commor Admiralty

20 db Lord Restellend

presume that the proposed

St. ? he made to the for?

In 287

KK.

Peter Smith Ly

1846

ས་

Dr 1. the Fre-Fund of the

High Court of

Court of Admiralty

Tpt 7. To fur for Letters Patent

app & Sohn W. Hulme En Judge of the Vice Aduuially (rect at

Hong Kong, March, I7-15-1.

To Dr Nice Admcials

patent

6.5-10

£14-1-8

oreign

House o

Commor Admiralty

弘

Fide

572 HongKons

RECEIVED

APR 7

1846

S. Aphen Eng

Colonial Office

Adhematty

4 Afiil 1846.

With reference to your

Letter of the 5th November lash requesting the opinion of my

Lords Commissioners of the Adumalty, whether the Law

expenses incurred by Rear

Erdmiral Sie Thomas Cochrane

エス

Hong Kong in prosecuting

the Editor of the Friend Ihina Newspaper for a Libel, should We paid by the Public; I am dam & acquaint you,

commanded t

for Ses. Gladstones information, Looks having

that my

now

received the particular the

occurrence

are

of opinion that

the amount should be defraged

by the Public. Jam,

Com moch obechint

humble Suivant Alimedros

provent

Forcion

easury

Commor

House o

Admiralty

Japul

Former Papers sent dow Governor - 19 July 1845-h? 104

C.O.Khom? 5 hod.

Advisetty 10

C.U. to Teasary

Jessary & Dur.

C.O. to Gors. 15

די

20.174

and bestelling.

apferhund that this holm

"What the holminally

apprized of the correspondence which

has laken place behind this Offic

the Pratory since the Letter

thin 50th hor. (here answered)

was written: and that

they ol?, therifne, be desined to make

whatever are

rangements

mad

machang for thien inderailty of

hi Tho! Cochran against this char

Mr G. 2.Z L.

I should adot

with the letter to the Admiralty

to kan it to

ний пра игрой

concern of ours (2) I do wrote that befficient fund hit so as to imply no opinion upon the inclemification itself for to take such tops in the matter as they think advisable

(1) it is no

is laid for it my ap.

| (330 | | |

ard

Foreign Office

Hom

reasury

House o Commor Admiralty

sury

ibred

572 Skny

Captain Haniellen M

где

1846

Forwarded by

MR. Murdock G. MEStethen

Lond Lyttelton

MSEC Gladstone g

Vedi 24 April 146

C.O.20 Noug45.

Десня

Fry & Demps

And I 17 April 14.

مسلم

D.S. 14. April 146.

Jam dialect lyste. Sunching

Acknowhage the wipe

of thr. Amedoozi Letter the 44 : Instant stating the opinion of the Lude Commiprimers of the Admirals that tho Apences meined

meived by then Adammel bis S. (ochome proskintig

ване

at W. Kors in prookenk g the boctor of the Trendy "China"" Newspaper fore Sibil shulabe deforged

Athi Public.

Gladstone desires mit tranmit, for the eifer - matione alle Lude y

the

the Run

House o Commor

Admiralty

Correspondence or the subject between

this Department and

the Board of

Juanny

And to prest that. Im

biruld

ther

proposes

Inochips to suck

Amangements witho

mitter as

They may

thick advisable.

Lande

April 416.

Jolor-52.27 May 1846

RECEIVED

APR. 18

プ

4X4

Vir

し

Ковал

vatty

17 April 1846

reply & your Letter of the 14. Ies" transmitting Copies of a Correspon do

t of th subject

ori

the see

лесе

expenses incurred by Rear Admiral fir T. Cochaire Mhong Kong

in prosecuting

the Editor of the "Friend of China".

Newspaper and requesting

that seek

angements may

be peoposed in the

etter

A L

the Board

of Admiralty may

think advisable;

Sacre

Jiner Elephone Ext

Colonial Affic

cou

aceded

ard

Foreigu

Office

10 Ο

easury

Housero Commor Admiralty

quaint four for the information of Mir Secretary Gladston that as there fordships have already stated.

their opinion

that the Adencial

acted for

the benefit

of the Public and that

shoreld

the expere not therefore fall

Lime, My Lords

suggest

would s

t le

the Adeniralty.

should pay

the

charge

account and

it under the head

of Law expenses

Varun,

Fir

Jour

most bedient.

humble Dewant

Messamiller

Avent

Foreign

Office

Hom

asury

House o

Commor Admiralty

answer differelend is that this is a questions

on which hd. Gladstone

טטוי

Offer 1.0

Opinion

which he does not conceive himself to have

I'm cerw

and wills

Official

hob he presumes that it will be property adjusted between the Lords landt of the Aiden 2 Uie Londe Cond! of the Prase zu Dr. Gledels

inly.

Crea

to where the

moch Anz Dang ht

Cry

ท

charge tool.

it is not properly liable f MAG. Ap

ap 21

مکلام

14.

709 H. Kong

(aplain Hamilton Athe

де

ہے

Foreign Office

24. Apul 1407

casury

1846

kerurted by arn:

Mendach 22)

vallattalion 2.3 M Sublandsline 237

And . 27) April (46

2846

Jobov: 52.27 may 24t

سال

Sunctury Gladstone of behnowhape the reeiph opuntether of the 77. Intant stating

that the

Snds Commiproners

of the hamirally told hjert that this pences suciined by bir Thome, Cochine at Akong in prosecuting the "Friend " by China" "News Leper Should be paid the holminthe and Chered under the head of Laws spencer.

House o Commor

Admiralty

Ireply Sam Wrequest junto inform then Luostit

Lmoship, part of Un subject-

that this is a question mohich MeGladstone

Can offer no opinion, & with which he does not Conceive himself to have any Official Concern,

The

presumes

but that he presi that

it will be purporting Adquisit " Welween the L. Crytti

Adude and the L. C. ytt

Keene : - One Sledstine

duty on this case

mly Concer

being

Whine the hunny of

نور

17 King prom a Charg

to which it is not superh hable.

لة

725 China

RECEIVED

APR 26 18-6

Les Saphen logs

Colonial Office

Adunatly

21 Jul 176

Aquil.

Foreign Office

Ho Off

I am commanded by my Luis Commissioners of the

Admiralty to transmit to you herewith forth information of

Mor Secreting Gladstone, copy of a letter from Rear Admnial Sie Thomas Cochrane, dated 26th Johnny best, M47, reporting the State of Affai Canton, and furbable delay

Levacuation of the Island of Chutan.

Jorn mostobedient

from the Savant

Many

casury

House c Common Admiralty

人

Agent

rd of

Foreign

Office

Home Of

casury

House o

Commor Admiralty

во

23 April

und bestilting

The hedonically will of course

this to the F. O. I

putty.

have commen

fonsume, therefore, that

MAG. Apr. 23

by ap 24

た

oreign

Office

asury

Copy

1047

China

Egencount at Hong Kong

26th Feb 7 1046

with reference. their Lordships

Communication the 24 Norr lust ho17/

I have the honor

to acquaint you

Heat Here does not.

appear to be any prospects of an early evacuation of the Island of bluusan. The despatches of

Her Majesty's Menspo

toubiary with

tentiary will no doubt Communicate to Ber

Majesty's Gort, the opposition

the Secretary of the made by the people of Adumralls

London

Cantan

House o Common Admiralty

Canton to carry outs the Ready

Treaty of havin

with regard to theat City - and the un- willingness of the authorities to enforce

obedience to itson

their parts and from which quescent State of Thungs I do not see any symptor of a desire to depart

But under any

circumstances there.

is little probability of my being able to remove the Troops and Stres from Chusan before Lune. Suby next. Thom

11.

tome mus calculation,

there has hot been.

Neur

Tonnage enough

here

}

here to carry off the Teas waiting at Canton for Chefment.

and Merchantsure

in vain offering

24 and 40 perton to obtain com

Conveyance Sam informed

that it will be the

change of the monsoon before the arrival

of thises sufficient

to carry off the tens in question, can be calculated co- and a further period before the amount of Zonnage (which I estimate at from.

3 to 4000 Zous) will be disposable for bringing off the staw from Cunsan, and

Conveying

oreign Off

asury

House Commo

Admiralt

conveying On Twoses

to their respective

destinations.

Could Ieven approximate to an opinion asto When the Chinese

Govt may choose

to give effect to the Treaty of Nanking, I might form judgment as to the expellency of, at once, engaging at Calcutlu the proper-

number of Transfiets

for

the com

conveyance

the Chusan

Garrison; but in

021

entire ynirance

this subject I

might incur a

heavy and funtles

expense, wethout

}

Foreign Office

fawarding the object

to which it was

directed

Cleave &

Lyned)

This boekenne

Mear Admiral

asury

House o Commor Admiralty

807 Hongkong

AVCEIVED

APR 28

1846

Gov.

52-27 May 1046

Adrimally

27 April 1846

In reply to th letter of the 20

Jam

сог

6th Sustant

manded by

My Lords Commissionen of the Admiralty to

ladstones information that their Lordships have made this

arrangements

for defraying the expence

incurred

Rear Admiral

fin 7. S. Cochrane in

the Friend prosenting

of Chania Inapaper. and only interoded by then letter of the 17th Instant, to make for Gladstone acquainted with their

annes Stephen Cage intentions in his

Colonial Office

Jam

You

mont obedient Leumble Servant

WORKamille

oreign Office

asury

House o

Commor

Admiralty

28 April Land Lestelling

This closes this correspondence

Arch.ahu. 29

жарга

Add 807.

Gov. Good Hongkong

ཏཾ, ་ ་ ཤD

Si Shu Dain Bert:

1846

Forwarded by MAY.

MR Mondock 26 M&Stephen

ENEC Gladstone

Lord Izitellon 27 27

with

}

27 Mayw46.

причинивут llerpetit ofthe 2. Murd

hell

March

incting the lopy

gesetter from Sir Homes Crehrane in theithe

states that he await the

final decision atte Bendgbeinmalf Elation of the payment of the Costs of the 4-efficio

Libel

prosecution for instituclid in his applection Heuch informys

that arrangement have Stend

been

Cons: of the Dremmily

reign

Office

asury

House o Commo

Admiralt

for defraying

deponzing the Syfones,

سکس شندور

1924 Hongkong

SEP 23

1846

Adumalty, 26th Sep. to7 046.

Having lard befors my Lords

fommissioners of the Admiratty your Letter of

June 1866 the 2nd Instant, with sony of a Dispatch from

1649/

happy. B. You: 35-17

harves wit

Sir !. Davis, reporting the mecesures which he

had an lopted for fitting

out a

fringer to be

employed against divates in the vicinity of

đông đông,

and in the ocasional conv.

of the Mail, Sam

conveyanc

summanded by my Lorchs

fommissioners of the Admiralty to acquaint

your for the information of Earl Greys that

floral Department

тар

Foreign Office

Ho* Of

easury

House Commo

Admiral

my Lorder entirely

his Lordrhess

concu

necessary

Foreign Office

views

the subject, and are

mea

of oscincoin that the

Hom Of /

Jam Sin

easury

Vefel or Vessels to be employed on this

duty

Jour

most obedient Servant

should be attached as an

a Sender or Tenders to the

Ray Ship at Hong Kong, be commanded by

Oficer

or more

of Her Majestys Navy, who might

be apprential by the Admiral from the slay these

for that duty, and that wich bepel or bepels

bemanned by

and ruch au

a certain number of Seamin

Penty of furnice or banellen Mun

سه

or the Harnival might think

посеринку

знаеш

House Commo

Admiralt

29 befe Mr. Dardock

better able than I and to explasis the state of this quashin, which,

C.Oct. See the an

during my absence formes

19244 A. Kong

loso,

29.

This refers to any note of the 27 of Jefes or 1924. I ImStephen

the

Lord

this

In the mouths of Lune they ! 1845. Road Wberdeen transmitted to this Office a proposition Countie J. Davis to fit out to Cruizers for upprepion of Piracy in the vicinity of St. Shong,

Theinausts The Chinese Merchants having offered, if he would to bear the greater part of the experise. Hauly authorized Sir J. Davis to carry

J. scheme into effect. On the 5 Junelust Sir). Davis reported that the Chinese Merchants had withdrawn from their Offer to pay the expense there Cruizers, and that in consequence he had defraged out of the Colonial Revenue howpense of buildings aced fitting out one

Pirates. munger wohermplaged againest!

was a material change of the original flan

This

a de

meniating

не

comme

hat

the Vapel

nevertheless hord grey decided brecommendurically express then concurrence in And

handgrey

We auction it as anexperinwordships opicion, as to the character to the Treasing brauction it as but with a caution this J. Davis not to incertemplaged _ Ipresume, thenfore, that hir his expenditure, and to report on it as soond. Daves should be informed that It Mesod! sufficient experience should have been ot auction the employment of this Cruciger under to the leducts this life firesunt arrangement as avesperiment _ but But in can that had been taken, dord Grey expressed to it if Ashould hereaftir bedecided permanents

such a Vesel, whether it as a

: permanent measure, thremplag

wind any would then be put in tcommand her, Employment of a schooner, manned and any

would she would be placed under the immediate officered the Civil Goud of the Colony,

Naval Commander in of the Naval Commer be so advantageous as the emplagment of or hers commanded fan Officer of the Navy, anation. under the direct authority of the acting meder the

doubt whether if

Admiralty.

aidary

The Freasing

the 18 leto

си

gave ther

sauction to the expense of this Cringes, and

6th Oct. ker. Hawer. 6.00. B

ам

offien of 5.m.

the

Jub.

The CM 4 bet sub

卫

We at the same time benarmitting a copy

the restrictions proposedly LordGrey, and to this litter home the Admiralty pointy But

Now the vessel might be.. fluced under their controle

Intered

1924, không đông

Capt. M. A.B. Hamillon

16.

Mythen 16

Dovitney 18

24. Scloter 1046.

With reference to

your letter of the 26th Alle respecting the meanner to be adopted for fitting out

bruger to be employed

against Inits in the

sury

20.35-17 oct 146.

directed by

Sail

namity of W. Kong, I am Sarl Grey to

transmit to que, for the

information of the L. C. of the Admically, a Copacz fin

in Despatit. which Mis Lordship has adduhet to the four of that Colony on the subject, in aeter

that the recessary instinctions

May

House Comme Admiralt

may be comeged to the Admunal

the Nation

for placing the taffel in question under the Command

of an Officer of the hang,

& M

Manning

her with

cutain number of British Leamen,

as recommended

by their Inships

Jamy

Sir

1324 Hong Mor

Mong I Admiralty

RECEIVED

CCT30

27th Oct? 1846.

In returns to your Letter

of the 24th must enclosing

& Coby

of a Deshatel addressed by Earl Grey to the Governor of the fitting

Stong kongre

Kong respecting

out of a Cruizer to be employed against Pirates in the trainity of that Colony; Jam commanded by my

Lords Commissioner of the Admiralty to state for the information of Lord brey that the beeepery instructions Love been given to Rear Admiral Sin the ? Cochrane for placing

the

James Staplers Ex 2

Colonial Office

Foreign

reasury

کرنے

House o Commor Admiralty

the Cruizes in question under

the command of an Officer in

Her hajesty's havy

ата

Lender

to the Flag Ship at stong kong aud for manning her with

British Leamen & China.

Mamille men.

Lam, Lie

Bons most obedient

Lumble Servant.

Ir & Ward

Foreigu Office

Hom Off

qual

reasury

Hou

Com

Admi

Ihr Haus

Ith communicated tothe Gove

EPO

I think this unnecessary after What has been already written. - Bubby

ов по

1325.

Honey Morg.

TRECEIVED

OCT.30 1346

Adunathy

29th Coctober 1876

Lamn

commanded

by my

Lands

Commisioners of the Admiralty to

aquaint your for the infarination of

Earl

Grey

Hat Rear Adinal Si Homas

Cochrane Leving Submitted hat distinct scale thould be fixed for the

Naval Face the Employed

to be

Amount

and

the Coast of China

on ad

mary occasion,

Lnds have

Zlawes Esque

directed the hear Achennal & consider

to following as the proper face to be

formanently keft ufor the west of

China

Colonial Office

Foreign Office

reasury

House o Commor

Admiralty

China namely -

One repel in each consular Post. Ane Frigate and

Cine Tham

Pipel.

Jam

form mosorted int

humble Servant

&& Ward

дж

}

Agent

Foreign

Office

Home

06729

Hous

Comn Admira

to the Gorming

Joh connanecated

Der Bann

Oct. 30

ан

حید سے

Foreign

Office

H ΟΙ

reasury

Foreman

in John

·B

41.

Davis.

letter

16.

1325 Bughong

Lis

5 N/46

The Loss Commissioners of

the

Aceminetty here apprised

Me that. Rear Admniel Sir Thes : Cochrane having

Submitted thich a distirich

scale should be fixed for the amouich of Naval Force to be employed at Hong

Hong

Chiria

and on

огл

the Coast of

ordenary occasions,

ordinary

thur Lordships have_

Hous Comm

Admira

directial the Pear Kolmical

to Consider the following Proper force to be

as the

permanently kept apron

the Coash of Chiria

One

each Consular Port

Refel in

el sin each

One Fargite and

One them Papal

прое

Shove

Agent

Foreign Office

reasury

House Comm

Admira

Agent

Aust. 28 August 1846

1668

ENCEIVED

AUG 22

huy động

Nr. 5 Cannon Row

21th August 1846

Shave the Honor to acknowledge

receipt of your letter of the 1:t tant, and to acquaint you

reply for the information Carl Grey

that the Cost of the Actionery required, for the of the Goverment of Stongkons

service

according to an Estimate which I have procured from Her Majestys Stationery Office will amount to £134. I have the honor tobe

B. Hawes Eas

Your most Obedient

Stumble kwant Baillie

Foreign Office

How Off

reasury

House o Commor

Admiralty

Agi

Changed Wprose

The legentish Sprin

Stationery.

Cary 26,

боть годов

}

End

Baillie

4. Bouthie Seque

ん

бере

1660 Akong

زرگ

28 August 1846

Fonvasad &

12.46

Mundack 26.

Crest-phen

MPHawes Earl Grey

126

Iam duccted by Earl

rey to ack' the receipt of

Your letter of the 21st Sustent and to

convey to you

lis

Authority for procuring out to Hong Kong

Sending

and

the stationery, specified in

the Requisition, forwarded

by my

letter of the 1st Just.

Jam

Axt

Foreign Offe

easury

House o Commor

Admiralty

Ager

។

177

REGENER

SEP. I 1846

41. A

W:5 Cannon Row

کی بار عیاری

Treas - 18 September - 1846

プ

ری

thave the honor to acknowledge the

receipt of your

letters of the 26: uistant

and to acquaint you

in reply for the

information of

Earl Grey that the

Spence of providing the Materials to

extemiated by

"required for making 123 Great Cont the Hong Kong Police will amount to the sins of £190 keeps" Habbert xC:.

Secturn the

requistest.

amin Hawer K

original Papers

Shave the hour to be

не

Jour most obedient

Humble Jewant

Bailli

له

Foreign Office

ome

Hou

Com

Admi

The

Mettawes

รา

Wolle 1 Sept."

{

Gov: 1640.

1741.

on the Hong Kong.

亏

1964

George Baillie Love

15 October

Foreign

Off

10.46.

Off

Forwardedly Ocr

MR B2 M.Stephen MRHawes Earl Grey

With reference to your

letter of the 31 August lish Same directed by Earl Grey

his Lordships

to convey to you

and

authority for quosiding forwarding to Hong Kong

the Cloth required for the

Blice Sepertrueal in that

Mony.

Have

rana

Treasury

House a Commor Admiralty

Braver hade

Board for

oreign

Office

好吧

asury

House

Commo Admiralt

Board of Trade:

14e4746

258 Hongkong Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade Watchate 9th Feber, 1825

Sir

UFCEIVED

FEB. 11 1946

I am directed. by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 1" Willo inclosing the Hong Hong ordinance for the further regulation of the

Was bour, and I am to acquaint you for the information of Mer secreting Gladstone that : My Lords do not perceive any objection to the confirmation of this ordinance..

The Ordinance, is herewith. returned

I am

Foreign Offic

Hom Offe

dma

Treasury

my indy

Str.

your

Obedient Servant

dames Stefiken Esz L

John Refere

reign

Office

Home

House o

Commor Admiralty

Agen

Board

be confirmed

Kind Restellin

that the Ordinan

1't

Gov:

24-16 Tel746.

Office of Committee f Privy Council for Trade

259 Angking Whitehall 10 Ich 1845

RECEIVED

Sir,

FEB. 11 1846

In reference to your letter of the

27th ulta transmitting the Copy of a despatin

A...

from the Governor of Hong Kong anloring hauscript of an ordinance passed by himself and the Legislative Council of the Colony, entitled "An Ordinance to establish licenced Ghant Seranz in the Colony of Hong Kong, and for the better regulation of Lascars resorting thereto - Sam directed by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade to state to you, for the information of Mr. Secretary Lords see no reason

Gladstone that

Jannes

Stephen Ly

leg

}}

asury

Housed Commor

Admiralty

Age

Board

to object to the confirmation of the

Ordinance by Her Majesty.

OW.

My Lords would suggest that a Copy of the Act 8×9 Victoria Cap. 116 for the protection of Seamen entering board Merchants Ships should be transmitted to the Governor of the clony

for his Informations. Sam

Jam

Your Obeat Fervou

The Fromance is berewith returned

Form Lefure

བ་་ 4

ཅན

oreign

Offic

casury

House o

Commor Admiralty

gen

Board

I presume that the Ordinance sh? be conformed

11 deb and Systelling

and the proposed

unications made to the Gar?

thy

}

477 China

28 March

0.0.

MAR.25 1846

Sin

Price of Committed of Horin Council for Fade Mutchall 24 March 1846.

In compliance with the request

contained in your Letter of the 17 Instant I herewith return by direction

of the Lords of the Committee of Pring Council for Grade M. Montgomery Martin's Report on the Lea Lade.

James Paphenlope

Jam

Sir

Your Obedient Servant,

John Lefure

ዝ

Foreign Office

reasury

House

Comme Admiralt

Boar

25 March

Weilin

Lord bystellin I suppose that the Report

how

be returned to the

Sir

Wide $42

C.O.

AUG.24 1946

1878 không đông

Office of Committer

Privy Counal for Trade, Whitehall 2. July 1846.

In reference to your litter of the

she had letter 15 and 3 May last. I am directed by the Lords of

the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, to transmit to you for the information of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, Copy of a Report from the Commissioners of Customs, stating that the Wessel in question being foreign, it

вто

въ

رومة

Vide to Jemini : & Meist R.

Copy to Gov :

would

are

contrary to the provisions of the Navigation Law to import Coals therein into Hongkong ; but that the Commissioners aware of

bjection to the Vessel proceeding to that place in Ballast, for the purpose of being made use of as a floating Coal Depôt for the supply of any Vessels at Hong Kong with Coals.

My Lords have subsequently ascertained that it is the opinion of the Authorities at the Customs, that if the Vessel in question carry

Coals to Hong Kong, but does not land them there, no - forfeiture will be incurred.

James Stephen Esgre

вс

ке

_____

Foreign Office

Hom Of

Treasury

House Comm Admiral

Boar

on to a

My Lovets accordingly do not perceive

compliance any objection with the request of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company " Conveyed in their letter of the 15th May.

the

لا

Glijeras

am.

Sov

Jp Haves.

Mr. Nor throte's noth armored to the letter with explain

Premipt

the interval beliveen itidale Fre

втор

ted to mon

Top

Ble

Ssuppose

9.25%

24 ay.

should be com

LS. G. E. Stunn

Your obedient Servant-

Shantyferie

Copy

AUGO4

No. 296

In 1676 John 1878 H. Kong.

To the Lords of the Committee of Prey Council for Kader

Mr. Lefevre having by his letter

of the 30th Ultime, signified that he was directed by Your Lordships to transmit to us Copy of Letter from the Oriental and Peninsular Steam Navigation Company, stating their reasons for apprehending some objections at Hong Kong, Danish Vessel purchased by them

to allow a

as a Coal Hulk to lie in the Harbour at that

place, and r

requesting that Instructions may given to obviate such objection, and that he (M. Lefevre)

was to desire that we would report

our opinion for the information of your Lordships Whether we saw any legal or other objection to

compliance with this request. __

a co

In obedience to your Lordships Commands

We report,

That by the 117" Section of the Navigation Act of the 8th 9th Victoria, C.88. it is enacted that no Goods shall be imported into any British Possession in Asia Africa or America, in any Foreign Ships unless they be Thips of the Country of which

the

Foreigu Office

ΟΙ

Oran

Treasury

House Commo Admiralt

Age

Board

the Goods

are the produce, and from which the Goods are importect. - and by the 24th section of the said Act, it is further enacted, that of any Goods be imported, exported or Carried Constrvise, Contrary to the Law of Navigation, all such Goods shall be forfectect, and the Master of the Thip in which the same are so imported exported, or carried Constivise, shall for pit the sum of $100,

That the Vessel in question is Foreign, and it would be contrary to the provisions of the Law before recited, to import Coals therein into Hong Kong. _ But we are aware of nos objection to her proceeding to that place in Ballast, for the purpose of being made use

of as

a floating Coul Depot, for the supply.

as a

of any Vessels at

Vessels at Hong Kong with Coals ..

(Signed) RB Dean

The F. Fremantle

I. Gy Leshingler Thr. P. Dickenson

Custom House

wate

Stephen

ん、

для

ん

Private

SIA

Board of Trade

August 20. 1846

My dear sir

The accompanying letter

was, as you will perceive, written

pist before the

late change in the

Ministry. It was accidentally

detained till after that event

and

has

since been over-looked,

not proceeded with for some

reason.

that as

Dalhousie

Lord Clarendon thinks

it was

was directed by hard

it had better go

present shape.

I. Stephen we

emain

I rem

до

in it

Faithfully yours

Staffed H. Murthacte

6th June 1846

1739 Hong Kong. Office offommitte

RECEN

SEP. 1 1846

of or

Privy format for Teade

Whitehall 315 August 1846.

For: inst. 19 _ 8 September. 1846

Sir_

I am stirected by the Lords of the

Counmitter of Privy Councel for Teade to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 1th bust. transmitting copy of a dispatch from the Governor of Hougtong, drawing the attention of Her Majesty's Government to the which the Imperial but for the

manner in

registering of British tessels affects that Colony & I am directed by thy Lords, in lefoly, to transmit

the enclosed copy of a Report of ther

to you Commissioners of Customs thereon, & I am to Request that in laying this Paper before_ to his Lordships Part Grey you

the

will convey

recommendations of My Lords that the

same should be communicated

Sin Johor Davis for his Guidance

B. Danes E. M. R...

Jam

Sir

Jour obedient Serenits

has

1. 422

House Comm

Admiral

Agq

Board

the report of the

Mtawes

A conserve.

sent

沙

forhi

& offustoms should Spresume,

Toth Nept

5.3

}

In 1929 H. Kong

(Copper) to the Lord of the Committle of Primin

Council for Nade. -_

Mt Lefevre having in his

Letter of the 10th hotaut, hansmitted by Command of your Lordships, for our opinion the enclosed Copy of a Despatch from the foot of Hong Kong, which has been sent to your

Hous-hous Lordships from the Colonial Office drawing the attention of Her Majesty's foot to the Manner in which the Imperial Act for the Registering of British Vessels affecto that Colour, _ be the for?) being advised by Her Majesty'; Attorner feul. at Hong Kong that as there is no Collector. or Controller of Custous at that Port, and as there is no power expressly fiven to the Governor to carry?"

out the provisions

of the Act, Certificates of Registry Cannoty, there given, antithing Vessels owned by parties resident at Hong Kong, to evercise the privileges of British Ships.

In abedience to the desire of

Your Lordships,

e report,

That by the 3rd Section

oreign

Office

How

Off

reasury

چیه

House o Common Admiralty

Agen

Board

of the Act 82 9 Victoria Cap. 89. - for the Registering of British Vessels it is macted that the persons authorized and required to make such registry, and Grant such + Certificates, shall be the several persons Lereinafter mentioned and described (that is tosar !... The Collector and Controller

Port in что нич ofter Majesty's Customo in the Mited Kingdon of Great Britain and Ireland, and in the Isle of Man respectively, in respect of Ships or Vessels love there registered -

The Principal Officers of Hell's Customers in the Island of Guernser or Jersey Logether with the Governor, Lient food or Commander in Chief, oftrose da lands respectively in respect of hips to be there registered. -

аши

The Collector and Controller of Mis Customs of

Post in the British Possessions in Asia, Africa and America, or the Collector

such of any

port at which no apponitment of a Controller hasbeen made - in respect of Thips or Vessels to be there registered. The Collector of Duties at any Port in the derritories under the Government of the last hiria Company, within the limits of the Charter of the Laid Company, or any other person of the rank in the said Company's service of Senior - Merch out, or of six years standing in the

said

Service, being respectively appointed to Act in the execution of this Act by any of the Sovernments of the said Company, in respect of Phips or Vevels toke there registered; and-

The Collector of Irities at aun British Possessions within the said limits and not

under the Govt of the Laix Company, and at which a Custom House is not established. together with the Lovernor, or Commander in "Chief of such Possession, in respect of Pips Vessels tobe there registered-

With reference to the latter Clause the above quoted Section of the Registry Act, it appears tous that it was not intended that "Collector of Customs" "should be the Officer to foin with the foot ar Lient foot in panting Certificates of Registry at the places therein, adverted to masmuch as the Clause refers to Mlaces at which " a Custom House is not established and 'We would therefore submit to your Lordships whether the power was not intended tobe delegated to the Collector of any "local duties he payable at such places, - and if such should be your Lordships" opinion Wedonot any objection to the Governor, in conjunction with the Collector, (if there be any Hong Kong granting Certificates of repstry in respect of Rips or Vessels to be there registered. [(signed) Thot Freemantle & Dawson J. Lushington J. Goulburen

which

dee

may

Custom House 21 Aust 1846)

such at

と

Foreign

Office

Home

Off

cty

Treasury

House

Commo Admiralt

Agei

Board

Lopy to you.

46-24

Koyub.

1464. Hong Honey

Mible Hory offer of Demitters

RECEIVED

NOV 17

Ling

1846

Fring forincil for Trade Mitehall 16 Nov 1846.

"I am directed by TheLords of the Committee of Fring (amcil for trase backnowledge the receipt. & your letter of the 2 September on the subjid

of the Opium Faron Hong Kong, and in reply I am tostate to you, for the information of Earllgray, that it appears to My Lords Matthe system of Licences to the retailers of spium at HongKong is calculated torffect. Mereefold objich praising a considerable revenue upon an article of formsumme forming a very proper subject of

Taxation, of bringing the retail.

B Hawes Ex

又

ات

the

dealers

Foreign Office

Hom

reasury

אוד

House Comp Admira

dealers in an

Age

Board

under

intoxicating drug the superintendence of the Police, sust

and

of checking a smuggling Hongkong and (brina in Quarticle

a somuggling trade between

prohibited in the latter Coruitry.

Newing the Opium, faron. in this light, And considering that the licencesyption is the mode of taxation with which the Natives of China are understood to be

даринки most familiar, My Lods are Espining that its

general principles are notority protipable but commendable, alter in this country a similar system would probably be forend imperiticable.

My Lords observe that the objection. taken to the farm by lup Brustend

Mep

appears

appears tote, that it prevents Hington -being made a depôt for a Foreign Opmind trade, but as the faron does not affect the wholesale trade, but only that carried on insenall packages, Mytons

Even

apprehend that its tendency is only to discourage an illicit traffic, which is permitted might probably cause more serious injury to our Commence by disturbing our relations with China than any that could result from loca the total suppropion of a particular Branch of Grade - The private Enquiries which My Lords have made among parties interested in the trade of China lead them to suppose that the dissatisfaction Expressed by Mup Boustead on the subjich of this Jax is

nor

Foreign Office

rdu

Treasury

House Comm Admiral

Agen

Board o

not participated in by the Commercial

Brody generally.

Fitte references to the comperion drawn by Mep Brustead between the operation of the Farm at ThugKing and Sincapore, My Lordssunoreason for believing that it is lep suition totte circuuistances of the former than of the latter place, Except in so far as Hing

Korg is

more conveniently placed

forasumegzting depit, which My

Lords regard as to reason for taking off

no the restrictions . It would however be

desirable that the attention of the Governor should be directed to the allegation that the provision requiring a search warrant before a Tepel camber

boarded is not strictly enforced;

and

and the several importance of leaving the trade of Houshiong as unfettered as posible ought also to be impressed upon him

Lamy.

Gunsted Servants

John kafene

reasur

Hey hory becoming

deport for the bungles of

opium. Patten incingine by this device they

turned aside the Par. I prepare upon them in this subject. They could want an der ind perhibit

desired

a recad

a trade in opium. They know the peolitition wound be onin. Mut by this local austiction in British Settlement they offered to wild to the class or

offther

enoment. That was founded appen the allegation testin

dug was

immoral.

taste in

but wish

pernicion ayunicat

is utterly unsound. & makes the Trader in

any article responsible pe the excopies of indirded,

Ithink there frue on wong ground

which is abound. Stiinte thun fre

communia tunal

teins usipity untenaber.

And as its opcention is prejudicial to the hade

Немски

tuvenue ofthey bong, it is injuring the breifle other (muty. Her

quanters the Bee Share дити

mot in chat

the best shade made its picoste Inquires, but shove the written testiming

вити osti lugest Stonce enjoyed in the hose ofthere punts dreally at variance with the opinions stained when Rt: estende.

I confess I have still peut don't!

Att.

Whether the decist of the B & Trade

but upon a matter of this kind Inform the God that havf, refured

is a wire one it must be condusive_

his despatch & it's enclorare to the R of Linde I find it is the

8. Find of their Lps that there is no

just bojith to the farm which must therefore be continned, & he will communicate this to mep Master

Laenupy

1oաաo9

Admiralty

Commo

House

gent

Board of

Md. Hawes

I sofferse that this ch? from the basis of this answer to 2.1643 thing dong. Devilbilist I see that in the not's written by yourself. dard Grey on that (Bapolch, a view

and

a view of this question

si taben, differing form legat which is taken by Hi B. of Tende.

17 hoot. The Bound.

Teade supput

Farme the Opicine yound, his Reverse

("/

three

Content

(2)

the real dealers

(3)

брашн

prevention of a Seghany Teache between Hary

Как к

ther cous E

Mbinu

The Revenue is derind

Farm

нескоров

سام

comprise of Officier,

Cour

that. The licenses you

едствен

ut Cretail farai. And as

the

but affect the ulcerall hade_it

Opium might still be required Agunited - farmi is excopy fir

Кто

minute ofthe Are seade the form

the sungli, of Opium - while.

canied

think them for the "furm

Strade. But the forms given to the pu

S ско I

hardly

infle

beteren Ships to

Trade

thrive it away from theny king

денные

пона

dimissiesby

interface

to suffere tual be smuggled to stile

the Revenice, whilst the Expences

Iisquite a delusion

somplica

Opium in Chine

cans Cast change. оріна

touffue best the farmi at thongkong

teade

canned an to pee

ust

вет

divinischer by

by foreign teades & the Chines

cre

Све

Chest of Mer

in opium. This news

cality, is just as effen

Laws of old wre - a

smegling & uphold was

int licences the purent day. an the sumplicary

риерие

o be dealt with дешеви

سن

pe konne ви

cassy

the tele-house

the trade in pinne

other trade. A moderate,

comption, like the las

be expedient. Fest the day by for relying upon the agency for

afely

pe any

good

и теря

Si J. Davis ang

bost ofthat day

Ouse o

Common Admiralty

Agent

Board

I. Board.

858. Angking

RECENES

MAY 7 1946

India Board

für

May 6. 1846.

letter addrefund

Hom

reasury

ای دو

With reference to your

to, In Emerson Tennent on the 3 of July 1845

sprogesting

Copy

tw: 40-13 May

that Chinese Criminals at Hong Kong

should be transported to the Straits Pettlements, am diucted by the Commissioners for the affairs of India to transmit to you of or the considuation If In Secutary Gladstone a copy of a Despatch from the Government of India to the Count of Directions, dated 28th of February last, with its enclosures, from which it appears that while the

arrangement proposed in your

letter

is free from any insuperable objection it is deemed fireferable that such Convicts should be transported to Pinde rather than to the Straits.

I have the honor to be

obedient servant

fir

your

Stephen Eyt

Mahon

}

---

House o

Common Admiralty

Agent

Boar

Copy

of a Letter from the Government of India to the Event the East India Compang

of Duector

Dated 28th February (402)1846.

to acltnowledge the receipt of your

Despatite 40.11 Dalit the 23d of July

last, and

to transmit the accompanying Correspondence,

Dom

And aftellon

presame

that the

Jer of King Kong

gamby

which bus tation place

the subeit

of sending

Convicts in transpentation from Hong Hong

the Shails Settlements. es

Your Novemble Count will perceive that

the Gowrun of these Lettlements,

ал

wele as

the Commissioner of the Tenassesin Proviners,

who have been consultid

thee pero pocite...

have to objection to receive Conweet's prom

་

Itong Kong. We are inclined to believe the the Zonaformin Provinces, would, in many respects, he a more suitable place than the

Shaits

House o Common Admiralty

Agent

Boar

Shanti settlements, but we

the

have xddressed

whether

Gommer of Hong Kong sappecting slather

Governor

The Provnice

• No.64%

Secide would test be preferable

Fren 9.

Bia boley Corore, Bually

ནི་, ཀ་

to bath. Clunèse Luboress would be very

useful in Seende, and Conviels set

fale in with their Country.

meu

liter

Hove the

feeneshment of hausportation to Secride would probably be enere offications than that of transportation to the Straits, or the Tenassanin Proomies, where many

are settled.

Chanese

تو

Sanitary to the Gout of

'Juctio's

Soome. D. pantaven &

The shanetary to the For! of

Ronigal.

Dalech 13th September 184137

Jam directed by the Governor Generale in

your I ha acompangeni leopes

Ccouncil to transme

A lo

of the Floomba loourt's seis fate h

July,

1945

You

{1 ck,

4. S.} dated, 238

it's onelesures relative to a

the Femanes of Hhing King

Jeno

mno poval of

to be authorized, to trans

-fort le buries leveminals to Singapore

Prince of Wales

Is land arch

Mala

orf.

west 1 hat the

request

Right Honble the Governor of Pengue wills &

call upon the Governor of the Straits Settlements to report of the proposal. be observerig of tricel

wride

lei

from from all objection.

leouncil Chamber

I have. You

The 13% Aptember 10,415. 5. pld.) G. A. Bushby,

Joy

India

to the Fort of frech

BLEN

easury

House o Commo

Admiralty

gent

Judicial.

Jamu

No2078

The Under Sory to the host of Pingal,

Joey

d. Bus Aby Ensques,

Lieny to the You? of Indice

Soome Depard merrt

Dalids Hot& William 19′′Exactins.

In compliance, uut 6 thi requisitions

Letter

•

contained in your

vooyo of the 1319

tember Cast. Iam alirected to transmit, for the

"formation of the Hoonlite the President mni Council.

I to accompanying loopy of a letter or 10% of the 2012 Ellime, from the Governor of Punces of Wales Inlared Singap

9、,,,

fierce

and.

•

Halaccar..

I have the honor tolee You

pdf Jumballs

Under Suy to the Portof India

Camp J

Off

easy!

House a

Commor Admiralty

Agent

From The I

You

No. 185

of D. W. Is Candi

Singapore, and,·lialace a

Tuanbull. Es que,

છે.

Under

Jeey

to the Fowl of Bengal.

aury

of your

Fort William

Dated: Lingapore 30th, Cotelier 1884135)

I have the honor to acknowledge

letter under dato l hier 1ch Instan

じ

que

The script

I he copy

ina loung

of a seispate for from the Fortele the Court of scirectors

• No.55. dadads the 23° Jely last. nelative to the prope

by the Governor of Hoong King to be allowed:

-Jaf

Maada

to transport leonoricts to Pingapore, P. W. Island,, and, to report whether the pro-

lealaria, and.

requesting

JILE

-posals is desemering of trial and free from olejiations...

Ther

anc, Colleenidə

arrangerem.

140

ber

A fine Settlements

unolegiotimables, but it appeurs very ques-

tionable, what her transportation to places

kein

- queerted by I have bountrymens

at Singapore during

w the

που

Jarne

Frangnins

слу

nuo. 40

he free.

1200 of whom

were, landed,

the past 12. Mont his would be viewed

Exile amongs

light by 1. his Columcże.

cis

les attended, with the dissuasive influ

Govern

Crimes, ar fucks the Form or of Foong King appeara

to anticipates.

That transportation to Indias is dreaded s

almas p

House o Common Admiralty

Agent

Bow

almost

much

·Ser.

death by the Co broniese, is vroum

po lifeed,

the

every defiscaris was I liver sollements thereby framing salutary effect it has

ard, as

I his class of I her community's it would appear by the enclosure, lo

under date, thri 2.2%, July 18914

leonvicts

and muÃO

muoh

the

azer

ihat lelinever

letter

yo. 12.

desireds at Sevrides. Invat do suggest

the expidurity and efficacy of transporting Connials from Thong kong to that bountry, or to eddon, where they

rid

twould.

If however I he object be amply, to suit the

also probably be acceptables..

Scolony of Foong King of a

certavis number of atrocious

characters the trans poctations of about 100 to Penany.

50 to Malacca

appears

un objectionable,

and

The popele

merced

-time in there settlements respectively is of ar more character than I hat of Singapore.

lush is chiefly

le lunise, but I must again's observes that I conerie, this

parishment will not have the effect intended, from

dread, of all, I his Ferrous consequint

Lunch of

Sing a pore.

Is hould rat fier

20+ Golober 18215

From

SA.

༢༩), (༢)

Exile to as (ท

༥༠་ ༦༩

Foreign Land of Praigners..

I love & be honor to be you

word

}

Pa.) M. I. Battenwart he

1. No. 2005]

Donball. Eisgres

Under Scay to Goal of Bengal.

Do Fourner of PW. Island, Seriya Jure Voltavuora.

panyeng

I am directed to forwards the

bopy, of as sempato he from A la Deantele the count of

49.86 dated, 239, July, last, relatives to as

propwaal,

the Fermace of "Fong kang to be alloweds to

•

mader bys

transport le hurise, Corominale to Lingo puer. Malacca of

will,

dearning

Prince of Wales Islands, and, do request you

what her in your

Junion I be profinals in

all.

of trials, and free from objections

Ford william

fat, cooler ber isidi B

I houver Jea

}

plas

4 Turnbeute

Ловые

Under Luy. Aber hof Berga?s

/num copies/

Jody A Turnbull

Under

Loy

ta Gout, of Bengals

Como Fo

Dalec 14 October 18915

Lis

the

sury

House o Common Admiralty

Agent

Tra

Indian God that t Secure? Copy

༥

N H

}

7.831

وق

Frams &. d. Bushby Eos qros-

མི་ཟ་།

Gly

to the Fout of India

Home Department

Vonetary

to Government of

Venguel,

Dalid, 13'6 December 18945

Judicial

Jud : bous : 13th Decence. 143

Enclose

Judicial

}

Jams dersolids to actinów lodge.

I he reciph

•No 2078 dated,

of albe, Under Secretary Turnbulls better the 19th Ultimo with its conclosure cands in reply.

inquine Depecky

het fur init lu & pinions of the Honble the

Governor it will be advisable to su

sugges

h lo

this authorities at Hong Kong the transportations of

blumise Ccomments to the

leouncil. be ham ber

The 13th December 18445

}

Ferrassersins Provences..

I have your

plaj G. A. Bushley,

Sexy to Fort of Suctio

95 R1846

THAMPT

Pope, accompanying

Comps of

asury

House Comm Admiral

0.233

Freins Craftain's Me. the Qurând,

•

Commipience D. Dr.

To P. I. Halliday

Halliday Eisoper

Sean atury

to the Fort of Bengal,

Dated,

A William

Mon Amiens 2016 January 184le

reasury

In reply to your

▪

letter 7.9650

Dequesting

to reperi

thorities at

to the furpristy of suggesting to the aw- Hong Kong the transportation of Ce lineser

leonvicts to the

Hate That Iseis

burg

?0.

Inade

massonims Provinces, I haves be honor to

ใบบ

objection

hatever to the

suggestions

F-hu

question of

the spondilière, nourreds in

the Keep of rue he becumats and, whatthis by

the Company's

6Ther

дело

воду,

ut fions to be borne

or the Queen's Tournment and

be expenditures would, los fures moves of

tham Isow here does

would

A enter

der into the foregoing

is Comited to the single point

う

04.1

(༤༩1、༩།

Ce hinise Convie to

less

& poncon

w be then I heres of

realid objiction to 1 fie

transport

to I here Panersias I haw to I ke

transfood of Husselman of.

objection to the

mne

# 1

Hindoos from Indian Isee no

Than to the of her, and,

and semes

lollateral.

House Comm Admiral

Icollaterale advantages

Agent

Board

I have, Veer.

all

play] Her ele: Durand,

ло 25%

Commissioner Dr. G.

freiner

leopy forwarded to I hes Govt of India mit he Home

Department complasser and he requisition N1.931 d

.k.

A fir 13" December last

Inverner

By Arcter of & fer. Heonbile. the Deputy Downer of

Bengal...

Frick Williams

The by 16. Felry

jtd. /. Funmbull

}

18416.

* Unetix Sorry to the Geokif' Bingal.

Compfung

{

イ

Fremo

5. A. Bushby

Bus liby rosypes.

Lionetary to the Gurt of Inoticis in 1 bus

alconet any

Judicial

Seri

Sle

Department

Government of Hong Kong

easury

Daleds 28th February 1ssile

The Floobiles the Court of Dvictors of

повечность, the coast Indian Coompany having refermects to the Government of India for consideration

fino position made

by His Excellency the Tonernes of Fleong Kong to thes Jeene lazy

Male on the 29th Jermany 1845 for sending &

le hinese for vists in transportation from thenew to the

Shails Letṭli man la

t fe Iocuble I he President an

- Sacineils has consulted, the Governor of this wiltlements

as will

as the leommisioner of the Tinasserins Primumees the subject. It will be seen from the leorrespons Rauc 1 his letter that t -done w-leh, accon

nλ

mpanied

1 hey

objections to I the proposals, but I hes Prudent ove

Founcil. is inclused, to be levies that he Tenassmen's Pro-

would n

many

Res

hools lea

lian Ilie Straits Settlements.

homever service.

more suitable place

Flow Idonor oni becurseils.

suggest for the consideration of His

Red-for the Provences of Seinde would not

餐

lee

House a

Common Admiralty

Agent

Board of

be preferable to both thoser places. I hinese, Labourer

useful in Loinde, ands loonvicts not likely

would be

very

to ball war wit to their loveinting iners there. I he pene's hment

would probably her more

effecnciouo primenting

cremes

Ford Willemen

I COME HEM!

7. Aus hley

}

18tele.

plast

G. A. Bus

Lory to Goot, of Indian

The 22 Feby woul

2015

Comp Pol

Foreign Offices

Foreign Office

easury

House o

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of

Foreign Office

13 January

1946

Sir,

REC

WEL

JAN. 7 PR46

38 Honking

Freign Affier. January

6.1846.

I have laid before the Earl of

Aberdeen, your letter of the 8th Instant, and Jam directed by this Lordship to ~: Request that you

will acquaint Mr.

Secretary Gladstone that he entirely Noncurs in the opinion that it would be proper at once to take the necessary steps for the erection of a Bishop's See of which the seat should be at Hongtong

mes Stephen by

人

Jam, Sir,

your most obedient,

humble Servant,

A...

Caning.

House o

Common Admiralty

Agent

Board of T

Fore

Offic

7 Janf. M. Hope

suschion

how be

inferend

ari

that the Archbishop of Canterbury "

that

ich the reachtung dunds for sendowzing

still forthcoming

the requisiti slifes for the

fectud

erecting it will immediately be adopted. It sec

this

me that the Palent must

be issued from this Office

Jab.

70.30

trong tay

The Archbishot of fauterbring.

Mytoid

Orounded by JANY

3. Mundock G

Stephen LoLettelton

Mr Gladstone

13 Jannan/46

thith reference to

dow Stanley's letters you

сид

Grave of the hd pic and 12lugt last

are

the onfect

the erection of a Bichsfie of the Church of Eugland at Schlong,

Shave the

honor Dinforme jour

Grace that the Earl of Aberdeen havrecived from

the

Governon of that Colony arport strang adoncating ofauch

the adoption

а теаниче

there circumstances

Under

Ane God! with be perfand AnGod!

to take the neuping steps for the erection of a Bishofer See of which the Lealshand

House! Comm Admiral

Agent

Board of

be at Stellong, wheneven your Grace should be in

a position Watate

كمـ

that the funds necessary for the endowment of met Lee have been

contributed.

havere

8 Jaw

fir,

121 Hongkong

CLIVED

JAN.24 1946

Foreign Office, January

22.1846.

Iam directed by the Earl of Aberdeen

acknowledge the receipt of Your Letter of the 1ch of November last and of its Inclosure, respecting an applicatie

ept 120-29 August/45

Leation

110001)), which has been made to Sir John Davis

11088.)

Copy

the Governor of the Danish Posesions in India for authority for Captain John Burd to act as Danish Consul at Hong Kong; and Iame to acquaint you in reply, for

Famer Hephen Refp.

the

Qui

asury

House Comm Admiral

Agent

Board of

the information of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, that Lord Aberdeen

has referred to Sir John Davis for his opinion the question of greating

permission to Pritisk subjects to act as fonauls for Foreign

вжив

Stater

at Hong Kong_ and that, as soon

he shall receive Sir John Davis's

report,

he will

again communied to

upon this

with mur Gladstone upon

subject. -

Jame, Sir, Your

most obedient

himble Servant

All Addington.

House o Commor Admiralty

Agent

Board of T

Fore

Offic

า

Entend

Sid. Davis

Forwarded! 1846

"Thudach

Lordigiteilon M.SEC Gladstone

27 27

1888 langhong F.0. 121/46)

22 January 1846 Cornis

Liv

16. 28 Jan 1945

Lord Stanter having

дет

the

referred for the consideratio the fail of Aberdeen, question proposed in your despatch of 20, Aug.

blast

No 120, relative Withe appointment of Capt":"John Bund to act as Danish

Consul in

H.Kong,

hansmit, herewith, for

your information, a Cons of

the answer

returned tome & Lord

Aberdenis directions.

dytteline

affinchand that

Jach and

to die folers Paris?

ต

copy of this should be

Le 244

sury

House Comm Admiral

Agent

Board of

For Off

11 Feb 46.

13915 GeV/45

Sir,

REC

C,O.

FEB. 4 1846

193 HongKongs

Foreign Office

February. 3. W46.

With reference to your

Letter of the 144

of January last, I am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to state to you, for the information

of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, that Her Lordship

does not see

any reason, on international

grounds, to question the propricty of the

course adopted by Sir John Davis, as

чи

the

reported

of which a Copy

Despatch from him of which a

Letter, to assert

is inclosed in

your

the

exclusive lovereignty of Great Britain over

the Island of Hongking.

Sir,

I am,

your

James Hephen Eeg

most obedient humble servant,

Alle hessington

urs

Commor

House o

Admiralty

gent

Board of

Office

Torei

44b

and dyttelind

I presume that the for's proceedings may afferoved??

mę 74

now

reasury

House o Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of

ore

Offic

4o. 113.

Sir

262 HongKong

RECEIVE!

FEB. 12 1846.

Foreign Office.

February 11. 1846.

I aux directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to transmit to you for the information

of Mr. Secretary Gladstone. a despatch

from Sir John Davi's

respecting

the

appointment of British subjects to act as Consuls in China for Foreign

and also

respecting

Her Majesty's

Powers,

Exequatur being necesary to enable persons appointed by Foreign Governments to act as Consals for suck,

4 Governments in Houghong; and further relating the employment by british subjects of befels under foreign Hags in their uces Stephen Esq.

trade

House

Commo Admiralt

Agent

Board of

Fore

Offic

trade with the Chinese Ports.

I am also to transmit to you

a copy of Lord Aberdeen's reply

Dairs, inclosing a copy of

Joher

Queen's Advocate's opinion

to her

the

on the

points referred to in his despatch.

Jaw,

Ser

your

most obedient,

humble servant,

Allebolding hand

sury

House o

Commo Adaniralty

Agent

serd of

In 262 1.Kny

Forei

Office

got, 20

this?

And Bytteltin I do not perceive that an

practical question arises on

brane or assim marke abre has but wsoneli- to ri 2.3.

ahy

712

вто

Duplicate.

N. 113.

My Lord,

23rd

Victoria, Hongkong 28th July 1845.

I have the honor to enclose an extract

of a private Letter from Mr Consul Macgregor, relating

to two points on which it would be convenient to be furnished with legal opinion and instructions from England.

The first point has reference to British

ents from

subjects receiving Consular appointments, the Sovereigns or governments of other Christian States. I conceive that the Queen's prerogative

would extend to prohibiting Her Majesty's - subjects generally from accepting these

The Right Honorable,

The Earl of Aberdeen K.J.

Yo yo

&c.

appointments th

sury

House o

Common

Admiralty

Agent

ard of T

Foreig

Office

appointments,

were

- such acceptance found to

be attended with mischievous and embarrassing results. The tendency can scarcely be otherwise in China, where British subjects, being by - Treaty fred from the jurisdiction of the Country in which they reside, should be made as amenable as possible to their own Consuls. But Mr. Matheson as Danish Consul might. consider himself as a Co-ordinate authority with Mr Consul Macgregor, and this assumption, however groundless, might increase the disposition of the rich opium merchants, already sufficiently inflated and independent, to set at nought the laws and authorities of

Country. The

The very individual in-

their

own

of the

question is a systematic opponent of the Colonial government of Hongkong, maintains one "local Papers, and through the agency of Dr_ Bouring, whose son is

whose son is employed in the mercantile house, has everted a secret influence at home.

I presume that within this Colony exequatur from Her Majesty's government would

be indispensable to any person

as a Consul

for a Foreign State ; but that at the Chinese Ports British subjects may

deem themselves at

liberty to accept foreign appointments in the - absence of a prohibitory order in bouncil.

The second point refers to the employment,

by British subjects, of vessels under Foreign flags . From the circumstance of Danish and Swedish ships being chiefly occupied as carriers, they

1 hey have already been made use

by the English opium traders to evade the prohibition against trading to the northward of 32. of Latitude. Were such fraudulent facilities combined with the assumed authority and immunities of a Foreign Consul, the neults might be highly inconvenient; and Mr. Matheson, as Danish Consul, with a number

of Danish ships in his employ, would certainly

MILFS

House o

Commor Admiralty

ent

Foard of T

Foreig

Office

be a

very unmanageable character.

It would lend greatly to lower us in

the estimation of the Chinese government were

British subjects

enabled in this manner to

Their own

evade or defy the authority of their

Sovereign,

and I therefore

am led to consider

the favorable settlement of the two points in - question as of essential importance to British

interests in China.

I have the honor to be,

with the highest respect,

Your Lordships

most obedient,

humble servant,

Ndani

ལ

Extract of a private letter from Mr. Consul.

Macgregor

to His Excellency John Francis Davis

dated. 23rd July 1845.

"Governer Hansen, who has been

that I

"quest since his arrival here, finding that "have no longer authority to secure Danish vessels,

"considers it expedient under these circumstances, to appoint Consuls himself pending the Hing's " pleasure. There being but few Danish subjects

"in China eligible for such appointments, he

" subjects

"contemplates nominating provisionally a British, "subject in the person of Mr. Matheson. Being " doubtful whether the appointment of British in such capacity in China would be "agreeable to our Government, considering " power it would give them of evading our laws in various ways by me

of the control they

means

"would be enabled to excercise over

the...

foreign shipping

House

Comm Admiral

Agent

Board of

Ford

Offic

" hint, in case

I have thought it right to give you a timely

any thing could be done to prevent "such situations being filled by British subjects. "A Swedish Commissioner is expected every day, "who will also no doubt appoint Consuls in the "different Ports of China. The Danes and Swedes having but a limited trade of their

own

and

"great number of vessels for which they seek employment,

abuse of their flag is much

more to be feared than of any other nation.

"The owner of the Schooner "Devil" last "week announced the sale of his vessel to an. American Doctor at Whampoa, a transaction "however, which does not seem to have been

"confirmed by the American Consul Mr Forbes.

"The

owner, a

Dane, is

s now

applying for Danish

Colours to Governer Hanson, whom I have,

however, informed of my claim

upon the vessel,

which must be discharged before the transfer takes place. At the same time I have authorized

Mr.

་་

" Mr. St. Croix at Whampoa to proceed against her

" for the Fine and Tonnage dues, if he finds her

" still in the river. 24 hours after notice has been "given to the person in charge

True Extract Adam MPrakr

Jury

Loky

House

Commor

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Foreign

Office

Inclosure in despatch 113 J1843.

Duplicate.

Mr. Comaul Macgregor

Extract of a private letter from

koor. 20.1845.

Sir

Foreign office.

January 22.1846.

I referred to #th. Advocate. General four despatch to 113. of the 23rd of July last, requesting instructions with reference to two questions which have arisen in China, First, as to Britisk Subjects receiving

Consular appointments in China from the Gook of Foreign Countries; and, Secondly: as to the employment by British subjects of befels under Foreign Flags, and I now transmit to you a copy of the Queen's Advocates report.

upon these points.

Talso inclose an extract of a note which I have received from Count Reventlow, the Danish Minister in this Country, ingening whether #ith goo! would

гид

have

accy objection to recognize this Bonald Matheson ardanish Consul at Auton.

With reference to the questions to which these papers relate and to the opinion of the Queen's Advocate thereupon, I have "John &. Davis Bar

House

Comm

Admiralt

gent

Board of

Torel

Office

to acquaint you that I think it best to leave it to your discretion according to your own well considered operon, and to your conviction of what is required by a due regard to British interests in China, to gracit, or to withhold by special act in the manner pointed out by the Queens Advocate, permission to British subjects to act as Consuls of Foreign Powers in China.

Jalso leave to your decision the quation of permitting or prohibiting, by

same autho

the employment by

the

as Tolo

British subjects of Danish, levedish, or other foreign befels upon the voyages adverted to by you, entertaining, a full confidence, that in this, asia will adopt the preceding matter, you no measure of prohibition without loving first catively satisfied gourself of its imperious necefity in the present state of our relations with China.

you

with perceive that the Queen's

Queen's Advocate is of opinion that, within the Colony of Hongkong,

аи

exequatuer from H. Mh. Goot is indispensable to any person acting as consul for a Foreign State.

To the granting of such permission there does not appear to me, primâfacier

to be any objection, but I prefer to leave this point also undecided until I shall have received your opinion upon it.

you will love no there in reporting to me the course which you may adopt with respect to these matters.

Jamer.

(Regard)

Aberdeen

Ida

Foard

i..

ا ما

jof

Lopy.

Sir John 7. Davis.

Copy.

My Lord,

Doctors Commons.

Kovember 20.1845.

Jace honoured with your lordship's commands sequified in the Addington's letter of the 311t Ultimo, stating that he was directed to transmit to me a despatch and its enclosure received from bir John Davis, requesting your Lordship's instructions with reference to two questions which have arisen in China;

First, as to British Subjects receiving Consular appointments in China from the Goots of Foreign Countries, and,

Secondly, - as to the employment by British Subjects of besels under freigh Hags; and to request that I would take the same into consideration, and report to your Lordship my opinion, on the points adverted to by sir Joker Davis.

In obedience to your Lordship's commands I have taken into consideration the despatch The Earl of Aberdeen M. J.

ре

да

Ande

sury

7.0. January

Inclosures.

22.1846.

foreig Office

and its enclosure, and have the honour to report that same of opinion thats t

within the Colony of Hongkong an" Frequatur "

any from #.th. Goo! is indispensable to person acting as Consul for a Foreign state, but. I think that at the Chinese Ports, british subjects are at liberty to accept the appointment of Consul for a Foreign State without such Exequatur, until a prohibitay law shall be pased by competent authouty. By the statute 6th & 7th Bict: ch. 80. a Law to that effect might, if deemed expedient, be paked by the Governor of Loughong with the advice of the Legislative Council

the emploquent by British Subpets of Danish, Swedish, of foreign befels

bogages adverted to by John Davis, might likeurie be

apon

the

prohibited by the same authority, but how far it would be advisable to

кар

kass.

a Law for the purpose, same not furnished with sufficient ways of

forming a judgment.

I have yo

Signed

J. Dodson.

House o Commo

Admiralty

gent

...ard of

Forei

Office

No 1. to his Joker Davis .

1846.

Fr.

Queens Advocate

November 20.1845.

1264

OCT17 1846

Bong

Kong

Foreign Pfice.

betober 16.1846.

A. 86. July 1. 1846.

też,

I am directest by Viscount Palmerston to transmit to you, for the information

of Earl Grey, Copies of a decpated and it's hielosures received from die John I. Davis, containing a Report of the Proceedings at the bland of Chusan,

on the surrender

جو

If the Government that bland into the hands of

the Chinese Officers.

I am, sir, Your most obedient

Stethen Exgle

humble Lervant

Allchddington.

Hou Com

Board

Tor

Off

80.

House Comm

Aduural

Agent

Board of

Förel

Office

17 Oct for Hawers. De daffron Pal

the

POPI

Copy

Me 86.

My Lord,

In 1264 4. Kong.

Leitoria Hongking

July 1. 1846.

Since the departure of the

last mail, the enclosed Report

was delivered to me by Major General D'Aquilar, being Brigadier Camphetis account of his reception of 1

Chinese Officers, woke

of those

were deputed

to receive back from him the

Civil Government of the blund.

They

Come over

the "hemesis Steamer, accompanied

Earl of Aberdeen K. S.

from kingpe in

ore

Offic

very

by Mr Consul Shom, and were handionely received by the Pigadier,

to whom they expressed in warn terms their sense of the wild

and equitable rule, which had

buy

us over the

been exercised by Inhabitants of Chusan during

our troops.

it's occupation by There can be no doubt of this leaving a permanent and most favourable impresion four character of the bunds of the Chinese Government and people Brigadies Campbell ipued

a lase proclamation to the Sahabitants

of Chursan, informing them that they were restored to the rule of their

own officers, and thus the Government

kland was transferred. A

of the

portion of the Indian force.

Indian force was to

leave forthwith in the Sapphire troop ship, and the transporte. being ready to proceed for the 98th Regiment, I shall embark Ayself for Chusan immediately in the Vulture Steam repel. My principal object is to see that

people quit the blands,

all our

and

House

Commo Admiralt

Agent

Board of T

Foreig Office

and that no demands are made

on the Chinese Government for

Compensation on account of buildings,

I have to announce to

to keying

the restoration of Chusan by the

melosed hote.

I have a

(Ligned) J. F. Davis .

P.S. Since the above was written,

I have received the inclosed

reply from keying to thy hote, expressing his satisfaction as

the proceedings

at Chutan.

(Ligned) 2.0..

ཏི' ཏཾ-----

asury

Copy

Siri

In 1264. H. Kong

RECEIVED

OCT. 17 1846

Chusan. June 6. 1846.

I have the honour to receive

Your Letter of the 16th lettino, inclosing one from this lectuny tir John. T. Davis, to the Major General Commanding, and directing me by order of the latter, in pursuance of the destructions contained in the Letter of this Excelency, to admit the Chinese officer bien.ling, together with his buite, into

Chusan, and further to allow him

Apistt Adjutt General Hongkong.

Hous

Comm Admira

Agent

Board of

Forer

Offic

: to exercise Chinese Civil Jurisdiction.

Inmediately upon the receipt of the Orders of the hajor General, I wrote tokien. ling and the other Commissioners to inform them

of the

orders I had received, and at the same time I invited them to Come over at once to Linghae,

that I might deliver

over to their

Civil Jurisdiction the bland of

Chutan.

The Commisioneri

were obliged

to postpone their vogage, in

расское

Consequence of the boisterous

Саладней

state of the leather, and the

wind

મ

wind being unfavourable, and-

aware.

of their apfechensions of a tea Voyage, it accurred to me that if Captain Rupell, commanding 4.2.7 . Cr Steamer hemesis, then lying at

42.J.Cr

kingko,

were to offer to convey them

acrop, they

would not only

only consider

it a high compliment, but an act

of Great kindness and consideration. wrote to Captain hupell,

Paccordingly

who most obligingly entered into

my views, and made the proposal to the Commissioners to convey them

to Chusan in the hemeris, which

they

ury

Hou

Com

Admir

Agent

Board of

Fore

Offi

easury

dost joyfully and thankfully

they

Hey

accepted.

arrived here festerday at

They

20. Clock p.m.

were Laluted

on their departure from the steamer,

were received

and on their landing by a Captain's Guard of Honour of the goth Regiment, with the Band of that Corks, and a detachment of the Madras Artillery with their

Suns.

they

and

Immediately upon landing

came direct to my quarter. through the Thom, ter Majesty

Солкие

Consul at kingks, who had been to

as to come over with them, they

Good

repreped in very

warm terms their

sense of the Wildness and equity of

our Rule in Chutan, and of the kind manner in which the rehabitants

had been treated by the Froops

in that kland.

during

aur

ttag

They afterwards did me the favour to dine with me at the tep of my Regiment: They as upon landing, with a Guard

They were received

of Honour of ther Majesty's 98th Regt,

goth

and a falute upon their arrival before

House o

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

before dinner, and in the same

way upon their departure in the

evening.

даму

Immediately after the termination

interview with Kien

a ling,

and

the other Commipioners upon their landing, I ipued a Proclamation

to the Gentry and other Inhabitants of the Island, (a Copy of which I Melose) and which I know gave the Commipioners auch Latisfaction,

I have

only to hope that

what I have done whon this

approbation of this Excellency the John J. Davis, and the Krajer

General Commanding.

I have in

(signed) C. Campbell

Brigadier.

Command? Field Force. Chutan

True Copy

(Ligured) A. R. Johnston

Sasury

occasion may

meet with the

approbation

House of

Commor

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

d. Sir F. Davis; No 86

$ 1846.

Copy

Сору

In 1264 H. Kong.

WED

C.D.

OCT. 17 1846

keying high Imperial Commisioner

Wwung, dient houernor of Kwangtung.

the received just how the despatch If you, the Honourable Envoy, which conveys to us the intelligence of the Island of Chusan being restored on the 5th of June to teenting and

other fficers deputed by

us, and

that it will be entirely evacuated the Froops within a fortnight

or so. No news could have given

joy as these.

these. You, the

us to beach joy

Honourable Envoy, have thewa good

farth

asury

House

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

faith in your engagements for the preservation of harmony and the

carrying into effect of the treaty.

The perpetual Treaty of Amity

and Peace between our

two

Countries will henceforth be everlasting, eternal, and

without end.

We feel greatly obliged that

Steamer was despatched to

kingko to bring

Consell, in

Aver

company

Our thom, the with the

fficers deputed by es, as well

讨

for the honourable treatment

the

the latter Experienced on their

arrival at Chutan.

Whilst forwarding this reply, much happiness, and

we with

You

address the same to

His Saceluncy Wer Mitannie Rajestzit Plenipotenting. Lis Jpba. 5. Davist

John

Tcoukwang 26th fear, the intereslay mouth, 320 day.

(26th of June 176.)

Received 29th

que Nanslation

(signed) Charles Gutstaff

Chinese Secretary.

hure Copy

(signed) A.B. Johnston.

House o Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

& bin J. J. Davis's ke 86

81846.

Сору

Copy

No 44.

kes Excchiny!

вал

Meney

In 1264 H. Kong.

Victoria Wrongkong. June 25. 146.

I have the honour to acquaint

Your Excellency that a despotad has been received from Brigadier Campbell at Cheran, slating that

the Island was delivered over to

bica. ling

and others on the 5thast.

The weather being rough, a steam lepel was employed to convey the Chinese Gicers from hinghs, accompanied by the Corsal thom,

Reg

were received at Chusan

Rezing, high Iuperial Commisioner.

ん

with

House o Commor

Admiralty

asury

Agent

Board of Tra

Foreign

Office

with all the honours due to their rank, and the Government off the kland immediately delivered over to them. I portion of the British force has already quitted Chusan,

how

and all the ships being prepared, the whole force will

have left it in about a week.

I beg to renew the apurances, a,

(signed) J. J. Davis.

Zue

сору

(tigard ) A.R. Johnston

૬

Nome Office

House o Common Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

April #9

9707

May

espatch &romance turned h° 14 of 184.

12.9 Jout 45

بد

RECEIVED

MAY. 1 1846

Whitestell

30th April 1846

With reference to your

or instant, transmitting a

from

Letter

of the

copy of a Despatch

home the Governor of Hong Kong

with

- Erdinance to make provision for the frecervation of good order and

Iam directed by Secretary Sie

the Colony.

cleanliness in

:James Grahame to transmit to you

the enclosed

Report thereon by the Commissioners of

Metropolitan Police, and to

request

that you

will submit the same to Mr. Secretary Gladstone.

Jam

Your obedient Servant

1. Stephen Ey

House Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Ti

Foreign Office

Metropolitan Police Offic 1 Whitehall Place

April 297 1846.

130

The Commissiouns of Polier

of the Mekopolis have to actuenledge the recapt o

letter of the 147. Instant, enclosing a copy of

Dispatch from the Governor of Hong Kong, with a Ordnance to make provisions for the preservation of good order and cleanliness within that Colony.

The Commingssionen having

carefully considered the provisions of the Ordinance do tact fund that any remarks thereon are called for by them, and the Ordinance seems to be properly framed

affect the objects, intended.

F. M. Phillipps Esq

the

The

I have the honor to be,

Your most obedient Servant,

reury

House Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of T

Foreig

Office

131

House Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Boar

Foreign Office

arry

Conformed?

زاده کا

автор

me that the Ardimmer

and Kestelling

}

May

May 146.

Vicle to Mr

874 Hongkong

MAX B

1246

Whitehall May 7 th 1946.

132

Sam directed by Secretary fir Ames Graham to hansmit to for the an cloud Sotilin of R. Montpemory Meetin Ey, with it's Enclosures. __ And Sam br desire, that you will submit the same

the Consideration of the Secretary of State for the Monial Department, and acquaint the

Sherton with his decision thereon

Our Media Kuwant

Samer Hyphen By

در

For

Bellappes

と

103

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

calid to hd. Inarhis

Crys

And Etheltin

that Mr. Martin sh? be informed that When und heure pleased to exfer to het. Ses? Gladstone Cle Pilitin hand withiend 6 W. M. by W. dr. but that, form

This reasons

In his conspice with this Office, drd. Gladstone

has not been able to advise W. Me b

'I may I пирима

werde to his sequest.

ле

aluady

74 Hory thing

134

"The Queen's Most wallent Majesty

The humble petition of

Robert Montgomery Martice Late Fessly

Assajesty's

Treasurer for

the Colonial, Consular and

Diplomatic Services in Chine &a Member of 14/11 Legislation

Connel.

bly Sheweth_

Humbly

12t That Your Majesty

was

graciously pleaked to apporist Petitioner Treasurer at Nong-Hong on 20 Jauz 1864.

2nd Nat Puttioner having ducted

That

devoted his life to an investigation of the British Colonial Possessions and Com -mercial interests deemed that the would be fulfilling his diety to your in all their Mapety by ixancining, Relations, our Position & Prospects in Mine

پور

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Boar

Foreign Office

Off

That the accompanying Publier de

-cuments were therefore fromtime. to time transmitted to tour Majesty's Ministers, _ & it is respectfully sub_ -mitted they testify the Petitione acted as a faithful, industrious & useful servant of the (yown in China,

4th / That Petitioner deeming erroneous course of polic

poling hat beou pursued, which if not timely, rectified would be productive of Great National injury, theing de- -sirous of checking a wasteful

expenditure of public to the Thich

Corild only effectually be done by his unmediate returne to England, was most reluctantly compelled to tercer the Conditional resigna - tion of the Commission with Which Your Majesty was graciou pleased to invent himi, in

order

order that he might bring the whole state Your affairs in China under the early your Majite Ministers, the on the spot to explaine personally the Amendments Pre- -Frenchments which he was, & iv, -

Oterious Consideration of

prepared to prove -tinely required in China.

impera-

"That for their acting in de

-cordanced with what he believed, tobe his duty an

as autouent Stewar of the trust reposed in him, for refusing to remains silent & quiment When silence &quiescence would bethinks have been a Crime,

Petitioner has been deskrived of his position in Your Majestys

service, and all redress or

enquiry has been denied hine While Your Mapety's Gout have derived the benefit of his informa -tion experience

asury

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Off

Suureign

6th / What Petitioner des peetfelly

respectfully declares he feels conscious that purichment is Unmerited, he is most anxious to

- have the fullest scruting into every part of his Conduct, &f the most searching

his manstigation into the truth of statements, _ And looking to his

as the source of justice Petitioner carnestly prays the gracious interposition of your Majesty to prevent the refliction fabbrong which does not alone Affect

au tumble individual but which, if sanctioned, destroys the Moral Christian responsibilty

of the (nown, expe

of the Lerviants.

ек

- cially when acting Consciente - -outly in the distant Provinces

this vast Empire

And Your Majesty's Petitioner

as in duty

London 1 May 1846.

bound

Will von Pray.

alued

HO. 874. Werfthing

R. Montgomery Statii leg

1846

Koreanled by Max.

dock

& Stephen Londlyttelton

Mo Gluistone

Tary 166.

ور

Lii

12 May. 1046.

136

Lave directed & Mr.

Sees Gladstone Winform Othat the Lucen harbeen

Save

pleased Brefer thin the Retition which free adduped WIMS on the 1st Mistant,

mazing for accensuing

uite

your conduct, and

of theses

into the truth

the several

communication, which have addrefed to M.

Sou

God! on the von feet of Klang Sanito inform you the rearousalueak

that for

explained)

Hated old are in

the

in which coverpondence be

Office Me Gladstone has

been meable toadvice HMS warede & the frage. of the Retition :

Your

Thave

House o

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boy

Foreign Office

لهنا

Ordnance

137

House o

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Off

Ordnance

138

reasure

Treasury

House

Comm

Admiral

Agent

Board of T

Foreig Office

Treasury

3.941.

}

{

F-

وگی

8. Hong Kong Scamme

Tresserry

17 January 18/76.

With reference to your

of the 6th Ultime Jam

col

Letter

cred

by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasures to request that You

You will enggest. to its Secretary Gloddetine that Sourner Sir John Davis should be wired to furnish without decry even specific Returns of the Appointinents and Rected off. Sectory or Allow comprized in the Exsiments of Expenstitueres submitted in his Des reetch detect the 25th June Leest. (N=87) as will shew. for

Patchen Eng

wriaet

House

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Treg

Boa

Foreign

Office

Off

what poirticular purposes the Excess of threet Expenditione in the Lifferent. Despartments beyond

for them in

the Provision made.

the Perlicementevey Extimate

has been incurred, and Sihuvise

Likewise.

to furnish the particuleurs of the peryments constituting the leorge. aidetitional Amount, beyond those Deportmenteel Excesses, which is inserted in his letimate under

the head of Provisional

Provisional Paturies.

and Temporeory Appointments.

treit

Jam

cum state further to clacto

My Lords have had

acasion to mache épurifie

comez

ination to the Secretary

of State regarding the Expenditure for Public Buildings or Works et

Hong Kong cent

the several

110

subjects culvertect to in the Duspected No 88 it has not appeared to Them to be necesscous at presents to runwch further

these points.

Jun

yourdhuchient Servent Car muchon

Nong

House o

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Boar

Foreign

Office

Offi

2 Jan:

образа му

The Grr. should, of

courte,

be instruclid

I a 3

man

my 184

9-23

Jove

3th

C.O.

RECENT

JAN.20

See reply

09 Hong Kong Treasury Chambers

19 January 1846-

to your letter, dated

of Serstant, and its Enclosure, relative

111

to the trummeration to be granted to Mr. Sarucoub for his services as forover of

Hong Kong for a period of two Year's and

half, I am

аш

commanded by the Lords Commission of ther Majesty's Terrach

acquarist

Specretary

you for the information of M Gladstone that, under the circumstance

represented in Governor Sir J. Davis's

Despatcher, and in the application from Mr. Farucomb, Lord's concur in opinion

with Mr. Gladstone that the paquents of

Stephen Exgf.

Two

House d

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Off

Two Hundred Vounds to Mr. Farucomb,

suggested by 'The Governor, should be

تلك

sanctioned, with the intimation proposed by Mr. Gladstone-

аш

Siri,

Your obedient Servant.

Ew Cardente

20 fans. douch destellow The Gor. should, of.

course,

be mishuched

org my

پیچھے

for 200

5.225

to Sod. 12. _ 24 January

6046

RIVED

C.O.

JAN.20

Go Hong Kong

Measury Chamber

19 January 1846 -

112

With reference to your letter, dated by the Ultimo, and its enclosure, respecting

the Establishing of a Stram Packet communication between Hong Kong and

the

Shanghai, I am commanded by Lords Commissionier of Her Majesty's

Treasury

to transmit for the information

of Mr. Secretary / Gladstone the Enclosed

copy of a Report

on the Seebject from

the Vostmaster General, dated the Goth Ulterio

I am, Sir,

Youro obedient Servant.

Carduck

Bo Dec. 1845.

Stephen Reg.

году

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Boar

Foreign

Office

Off

the applicants ? Efisher

In 20.

20 Janch. And destelloner

shr. be

presume that the

an enor how-

Autwin

on from the massag

:cated to the Applicant's.

In P.M. Juural bills the Traking I do not fel sure but that thire menghembu that the matter lies howen that Bel Mer

Adenty

Meis

the Treasing sundsham.

This wo haielly supply Un manuals

cun amoure bv

butt picited cut-

my my

[

End

Fr 9 mthongtong 246 Jarmanfuet

R. 2020/45

The p? Rawson Norton &

Gruttemen

Comarded by

346

Murdoch 23

Im Stepher. Iseamly know whethin

mis is the comme

113

Theth reference to Mr

Hope's leten of the Welling

Janidirected & M Leek

Gladstone Winforms you

that neither the Post Master General norang

ther Dept.

McGladion of Ame Godt popep al pecanst

Tho mencer

would with lobe tathew, but

Woking 15the heamayletter

I do not an how are any decision

ofaxentaining

or extinating thobxtent of can be come to unlesindeed the correspondence between

its were decided at once tonegatione

M.p. Rawomis suggestion. The sglong of St Shong

tem

Edito dov: 12. and 19

and

Shanghai. Thegare,

Therefore,

any

meable to foun

picion on your

suggestion

That & Wortal.

Communication should.

be cotablished & menusoh Steamer Vesels betwee St. Kong and that Port,

Im Beadstone, has referred but they

will refer you inferred

letter of the to koin last

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Kreign

Office

for the consideration. of

the Govenor of St. thoug

८

ад-м

Irace herewith the Copy of a lette addropped to Lord Stanle 6. Mepr Rawson Norton Ha serggesting the Cotablishment

of a Portal comm

creation.

Steam Repels

and

beleven. H. Kong Roughai and the M Ports of China now open

the

15 Bontich Frade. Food

Lord Stanley had refered This letter for the cousiduation of the Lords Commi? of The Learny and the Bost Martes Sencial, but ich appears that in neither. of those Departinin's

12 24 Janu

No 30.

Man -25.

Davis

10 November 18845.

2220 R.,

(2220

1.4

there the menus of aver

Fanning

on even

en estimeating

Murstent dimportance of

the correspondence betive,

Nikong and the other Ports FM Godt have of Chica

been, therefore, unable to come tany decision on Napr. Raween the 'r

The

Inoposition, but I would request Joue

Weauxider

and to furnich

me with

The fullest information which you may heable

wesket on

and with

the subject_

your spiccion as to the feasibility of the plan suggested & thepr

здосвід у Rawson- or if thatch? not appear to you preactinker

as to the manner in which, if such a communication should appear to you necessary, it might mat advantageously be sstäbliched.

Than

House o

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Foreign

Office

卧

in 90 4Kong.

115

To the Griffet Honorable the Lords

Commiss

My Lords,

RECE

JAN.20

ry of Her Majesty's Teeasury.

returning to Your Lordships the accompanying letter from the Colonial Office, with its ruclosure, I have the honor to inform you,

that the question of Establishing Steam Packet Communication between Hous

Koul

Ка

and

Shanghai is one entirely for

The consideration of your Lordships

and the Board of Admiralty.

I have

- пожал

means of knowing

The Extent or importance of

of the

correspondence between those

places

House o

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Foreign

Office

places without reference to thang houg;

and even then it would be a

serious question how far your Lordships would be justified in incurring

The Expence which would attend

the

measure recommended by

mes Rawson Norton & C

さと

I have the honor se

Signed) Lonsdale.

Jeneral Semanal Post Office

30th December 1845.)

246 13/2.

}

)

}

1846

10-23

Si,

SERIVED

JAN. 21 1846

105 Hong

Конд

Treasury Chambers,

20tan? 1846.

116

Jam commanded by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Teaser to request that

you

will state to

W. Bcretary Gladstone that my Lords having had under consideration representation submitted to the Several officer Commanding at Hong Kong by the Staff Officer- of the Madhar Troops respecting, the mode of issuing the bay of Share Troops, have observed that

therein stated with reference the Sterling

Copisto Sommier

rigined

Rupee by

value

to the East India Compramps

of 1/10 Her Majesty's

Proclamation

that "the Chinese in the Bazaar

"Fake

our

Shilling Sterling

the

"Equivalent only of half a Rupee "thereby acknowledging the Rupee to be worth 2/

other

words

"Her Majesty's warrant fixes the Equivalent of the Shilling at

James Stephen Ergte

House o Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Off

288 Cash

576 for 2/_, but at the

2/-;

"rate of 1/10 the Rupees would- only be

worth 528 Cash cach

"whereas the Chinese of their

"own accord

accord by taking

us the

Rupee give 576 for the latter, being

difference Sovunment rate of

Herling. Avverting

over and above the

t rate of 48 Cash,

2d Ster

to which statement

My Lords have to suggest to M

Gladstone that the attention

the Governor of Hong Kong should be called for the allegation it contamis, and

if the same be well founded that he should be Enjoined to take care that no

such enhancement of the value of the Rupee is

any

recognised by

Public Deportment a Tribunal

in the Island, and that no comparative undervaluation of British Silver

Com

a Fender in this Ordinary

}

{

Batuur Nousuctions Bahaar

117

Flier

contravention of the provisions of Her Majesty's Proclamation ding to the Cussiney

currency is permitted.

You

Your obedient sewent

When Young

House Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Boar

Foreign

Office

Offi

21 Jenf. Ford Systellin

hurame that a copy of this oh". he communicated

to the God. for his reformalioned and genden

1206.539

י}

}

نة

Дамет

1846

Fonwanted by pr

Murdock 23 #Stephen | 23

Gyllelion

Msic Gladstone | 23

20 Jan

1846

By 105 Hongkong 10

118

23 Janman 146.

Stranamist topon

herewith the Copy of a letter

addressed to this Dept by direction of the Lords Comm? of the Treas

the

dufect of the value at which Momper papes in Schong

in transactions between

the (finere and ther

British Merchauti and thes. In compliance

with this docdchips

Shave to desine Suggestions

Theat

"Jour with not recognize augl

enhancement

Мимеешься the

or peritian of the real value of Rupee as fixed Zoo. Mis prvelaciation regarding the Currency of the (dary

aug with ang

in a

transactions

Public Fribrand

Department, in the

House d Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Offi

hanavy comparative mide waluation of British

Silver Coin.

Вилен

}

24.891

}

いほ

کار

Sin

RECEIVED

JAN.22 1846

With

100 Hongkong.

Treasury Chambers

21 January 1846 -

119

further reference to the subject

of your letter of the 22 th d Ultimo, I am commanded by the Lords Commissioners of

Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you

Secretary

for the information of Mr Herstory Gladstones Lords have informed Her Majesty's

that My

Vortmaster Grural that it would be inexpedient

that any

Measure should be adopted for

general extension to all, the Colonies of the

Troviseries of the Act of 3.84. Veit : cup : 96

for enforcing the

the delivery

to the local

Tostmasters of all Letters arriving

on)

Shipboard; but that My Lords will be

I. Stephen Esq.

prepared

House o Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

prepared to issue the requisite Warrant for giving effect to there Provision in

the case

of Hong Kong, if the Vortmaster

Seural thick it advisable that this should

be done

22 Jauf, dad dytelling

I apprichand tigt this shi stand over until the result

is ascertained?

22% by

I ain, Sir,

انسه

Your obedient Servant

Law Candorte

24.997-

นาย

کار

Graft- sue the 31+

RECEIVED

JAN.24 1846

118 HongKong Treasuvas

rovers

BJanuary 1846.1.20

With reference to your

leover.

ие

Letter f

4. 115-25 autopy of a destrutits from the Governor

(1883)

to for

Hong Kong, and other Documents lating to the employment of un litional Clerk in the Cauclitors

partment in that Colony, Jum

nded by the Lords Commiss

Her Majesty's Treasury 5 transmit to you the enclosed Copy of a Report froom the Commissioners

of Audit dated the 23d Ultimo

relating thereto, and I am to request that the same may subenitted to Mr. Secretary Gradstone;

and that

7. Stephen Erop

You will obsowe & time

Trait

House d Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

that My Linds

concur in the

the Suggestion of the Commissioners that it would

have been desirable that the

Governor in replying to the Reference. which had been made to him,

should have instituted

се пог

squific Enquiry into the State of the Business of the Auditor's Depenrtment and have reported his impression from the results of such Enquiry as to-

or otherwise for coldling

the necessity

to the Establishment of it.

that

I am further to request You will state to Mr Secretary Gladstone that in the absence of such Enquiry and Report, and on considering the other concumstances adverted to by the Commissioners of. Audit, My Lords deem it sufficient, that the Governor should be

empowered.

}

empowered, as proposed by the Commissioners, to autorize the fil temporary Employment of c additional - Clerk in the Andlit Office at Hong Kong for such period; as, after due investigation,

he may consider

to be necessary, subject to his furthen Report for

the

Zer

information of Har

Majesty's Government-

{

Jan

your obuetient Servant

23 Funky

ہے

House

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of T

Foreign

Office

La 24

Fide 110-45 J27..

And hyttelling

Course

be mit huclid accordinglang

Copy

INCENED

JAN24

ཀིམ༣༨ སྨུpea

My Lords,

in 118 Hongkong

Audit Office

122

982 December 1845-

We have the honor to acknowlery

order

the receipt, under Your Lordships of the 2e ultime, of M. Stephen's Letter, dated 31. October last, transmitting the Copy of a despatet from Sir I. &. Stanis

dated 28th August 1845, with an encloses Letter of Mr Shelley, Auditor at Stong Kong, referring

former Memorandur

to a

of - August 1844, respecting the establishnes

clicks required for carrying on his

duties in Shich accordance with

with

from air

не

24. Och

lis Instructions; and stating reference to some Extracts from Report to Your Lordships of 24 =

the subject, that having considered whether he really

1845 on

дол

on without

The Lords Commissioners

of Her Majesty's demony

山

Can

additionall

any

afsistarad

House o

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Off

" assistance, he has come to the "conclusion that one more Cleck is "absolutety necessary, that he had been paying for

one occasionally

out

"of his own pocket. _ and he addy that

"great adva

dvartage

it would be of great

"to the Public Service generally if, a any rate for the next

the next geado

yead or two, an

"adatitional and efficient black

"were allowed."

The Governor remarks in forwarding this Letter, according to the request of the Auditor, that he

abstains from any

his

own,

observation of

considerings

"that with

" the facts before them, the Board of the Lords Commissioners

studit and the Lords

of Sher Majesty's Treasury will, from their experience of other Colonies, be

"better qualified to form an opinion

and " than himself -

It appears to us however, that,

is general experienced

whatever

may

be the

añ

но

informater

Authorities

123

ation possessed by the stome as to the Establishments

of Governed is essential to forming a

other Colonies, the opinion of the

conclusion as to what is

just conclusion

necessary for the efficient performance of the duty in the Auditor's Office. at Stong

The Governor conan the spot call for all the "Books which the Auditor Keeps, and compare them with the generals recommendations contained

former Report of 24th January 1845, to which the present letter of the Auditor has reference; _ Le can also

مس سمند

ascertain to what extent the Amount

the

of labor has become diminished by

gradual better understa

understanding of the principles and details of Account; the quicked delivery of

the Accounts; and the avoidance altering

Accounts when they

are once

made up, in consequence of real

حمه

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

Off

ara

assumed

errors; and by

the

consequent

diminution of correspondence, independently of the diminished

Amount of writing

and

Axying to

which latter point and Report of 24th January 1845 particularly adverted._

tous it

us it would certainly appear that the required labor must have greatly diminished, in proportion as the difficulties have, in a great measure ceased: __ the Consuls Accounts which, at the time the Auditor wrote, of examination to the extent of fifteen Sets";" Love

were in arread

been now received, with the explanations

the Superintendent thereon; the Treasurer's Accounts for the quarter to June 1845 appead to have been received by the Auditor on the 3rd July 1845; and, after passing examination by him, they were transmitted to this Office

не

the 29th August 1845 . _ Aching B the System of making Imprests was as seen by the Accounts of that quarter, effected very

much in accordance

with the Supplementary Instructions

and upon which

suggested by us, and

луна,

we reported on the 19th Instant

The Revenue and Expenditure of

the Colony are limited, excepting to for

regards the expenditure incure for Public Works, and these are chiefly if not entirely perfor Contract, thus obviating

the

linder

necessity

of lengthened Computations, and examination of detailed Bills, for

Materials and Labor

whether the

It may therefore be doubtful, employment of a second. Cleck in the Auditor's Office coulding

required for any continuanced but, at the same time, as it is very

important

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Toreign

Office

Off

For

important that the duties of the Auditon Office should be efficiently performed, and as it is difficult, when not

on the Spot, to pronounce

accurate opinion

مه

to the aid

required for the efficient performance of duty by any particular Officer,

we think it would be desirable

that the Governor should be empowered to authorise the temporary employment

Second Clark, as requested by of a the Auditor, for so long.

the Governor may

a time as

deen arressary.

after carefully examining the meints of the application, reporting however to the Secretary of State, the directions which he may gine in the matter, with such particulars be necessary for

For Your may Lordships' information. _

as m

We take this opportunity of

observing

{

125

observing in reference to the Andition remark that it is necessary to Copy

the Accounts Current, (because the badness of the paper precludes the record of the duplicated Accounts in

Guard Books, for any purpose of

after reference that we experienced the same difficulty here, in consequent приво of the Accounts

being

made out on

being

which occasions

very large thick Paper, and folded and refolded,

the Paper to crack. - This however

be obviated, by making

arch

Bray the Accounts on Foolscaps, and the Accounts might then be don't flat,

when afterwards

half

only folded once, and when it placed in Guard Books, bound, they

would at all times be

available records for future reference.

The object of the large Paper Las probably been to Their the whole

}

کار

Copy to Gov. 15.

27 January 1846

RECEIVED

JAN.? + 1246

I am

119 Hongkong 426

Trea

Jury

Chamber B January 1846 -

335

are commanded by the Lords Commissioner of Her Majesty's Treasurch to transmit herewith as Supplementary Sestuctions to the Auditor of Accounter

at Hong Kong, signed by Their Lordships, In order that the may be submitted to Mr. Secretary Gladstone in the My Lorde

request that he will cause, the same. to be forwarded to the Governor of Houg kong with directions to let them be duly conformed to-

transmit

J. Stephen Reg.

I aur at the same time to

Extract from the Report of

au.

the

House o

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

of the Receipts and Payments at one new, but this could be only

required in the case of

Financial Statement

(signed)

We have te

an annual

W.D. Herries

Henry Arbuthnot

Edw

Law? Romilly

24.991 24.992

17.483

4:99745

House d Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boar

Foreign

Office

Hon

Offic

Ord

Tre

The Communist of Audit of 29th August last in explanation of the trunciples upon which these Supplementary Sustructions have been framed, and I ame to request you will obverve to Mr. Secretary Gladstone

Hong.

that it has appeared from recent accounte and communication received frome Kong that in several respects the Provisions.

of them have

have already

noted

been acted

upon.

by the Colonial Officer; but that it

nevertheless desirable th

they

should be

forwarded to the Governor, with directing

to consider the whole of the Regulation

they comprize

authority

น

(

Established by My Lorde

air, Sin

acie

Your obedient Servunt.

kho

Candurte

127

Dochart of a Report from thes

Commissioners

missioners of Audit, date

August 18415.

We have carefully considered the whole of the Correspondence and documents,

no good purpose to animadvert on the erroneous views and opinions, which, according our judgment, may

and due think it would answer no

have been entertained

in the -

5 Colony. It will be more useful, after Collecting from the several documents, what are the difficulties which have been experienced,

and what are the laund Circumstances bearing

to suggest

bearing upon each point,

the course best calculatect

to attain what is desired, without deviating from the Spirit of you -Lordships Instructions, and, with this object, we proceed at once to explain

жете

and own mewas.

فال

House a

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Boa

Foreign

Office

Hon

Offic

Ori

Tre

The Ger¬

Vide 118/4672.

and Systellin

Course

be instinalid

1015

ادما گریه و

{

赴

Sin

મ

JAN.26

..., ཨརིཏཾ, ( )

125 Hongkon

Treasury Chamber

24 January 1846-

In reply to your

your communications

128

dated 14th Sustant, respecting the rrection

mer desp: 144-2

24 October 1845 ) 2258-

yor: 28-20 26746.

rusd 31 Jar

Vide to

sons I are commanded

of a Church at Houghton an

by the Lords Commission of the Majorstign Treasury to request you will states to

4. Secretary bladstone that, ou adverting

the apparently large amount of the Estimated Expence of erecting a furch

cording to Mr. Hardwick's Naus,

Compared with the accommodation for which it is proposed to provide, and to

the vague, Nature

the information upon

which that Pestimate would seem to have

been found, My Lord's conceive it to be

. Stephen reg.

ке

advisable

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of T

Foreign

Office

advisable, before authority is given for defraying two thirds of the Expence of the Building from the local Revenue Fund, that the Governor of Hong Kong should be called repon to report specifically what would be the cost of carrying Mr. Hardwick's Rai into effect, according to the actual

prices of Work at Hong Kong, or of the

Courte

suction of such other Building of a

secbstantial and respectable description

without

any

exeeberance of ornament

the Governor, on cour

consulting with the

(gumanding Royal Regener, may

deen

to be necessary for the due accommodations

of any congregation littlich to affemble

in it 1

likely

The Several sets of Vans

which

affixed to Desph

die Dept. Mr. Handwrites Plan ( Далай

Returned)

letter are herewith

which accompanied your

I am, Sir,

Your obedient Servant -

129

873f

до буз

پیوست

Northe

hmong

ng my my

men & my moody. nomark/

mmm no

geen gert einhegen

House

Comm

Board of Agent

Admiral

Office

Foreign

and dyshelled

This

27 Jauf.

thi

Suarany.

without

over.

is one.

of a way

ruch the recomm

numerot

undations.

class

of the

in which

cater he

The Head

of this Office

any previous private intimation that they are about to do so When once the decision is formally announced the difficulty of oblarning a retractations becomes almost insuperable. These collisions of authority are, I think, not quite seemly, nor at all necessary of W. Brande, through whose hands all there master pass,

excurly,

Joe ve

hd.

authorized to apprize

suodified

this Office privalily of every such difference of opinion sorry konsumendalin's might be sitter withdrawn or In objections befor any

case all. I

unwelcome

so astmeet

one was committed to the maintenance of a

I have, however, been unsuccessful in my

attempts to

less authorletion

any suggest is that W. Gladstone should homself send sitroduce such a pracher of private communications. In the fissent

for and dec Hr. Brande. I do not think that

satisfied to acquiese in this decisions

25 Jauh. And Lyttelton

If Mr. Gladstone

of this hearing, the Gov. oh! I

suppose

be mis huclid

hun

Would it is possible to induce the Treasury to gur any conditional authority who wo mable the Gurrum to let this Church be begin? In instance - if they would allow me by a quant that they were ready to authoring a contribution from The public Funds ofther Colmy, that such antribution might reach "/oogte whole exprience of tepee reaining salterniser. satisfied that it was erottum them warranted & Mabit wi to so laid ontas. mation they

In occasion

excud -

call,

list that in

they

to obture with accommodation to an adequate that they must reseron their judgments as to the propertion to be torun by the public until had recind the fuelle information for which unsundrine preparations might be might h made is as bosan time, & the building, cummenced pro- to centrihete

rided pentus there won chuste trinh bit russ to ammumer. above described as bother responsibility undusbanding often public,

willing

& that the Gro

with the

Entend

Snow Syy 17/6/

CS. Freuchenden Sie

1846*

Fortefied by panÉ

hurdock 20,

Tor Helion

Shon

bylam

6.57969146

(2371

31 Jan 3846.

Lunnectedly

directed f

ち

acknowledge the receipt

letter opthed 4

Infecting Gladolomito

of game

statineg

that advection

horde Comme " of the Meaning

the opinion of the

thed & Rest

Imm

The pspored Squishal

of tichy pense of

W the large

Mong.

report as to the expense of themes, before

of the folong for a specific

thane places should be referred to the Goverm

would beadvisable that had been prepared, it on which the plaurofit native of them formation

aced the indefinite

completing

defraging 2-87 of the

authority is given for

alty

Expense from the public

ле

Revenue. The

илел

howevu ih the

Палику

Rondo of the Frearmy

propose to punane would

Nee

ок

mpaich moolaba vey Grealdelag in the commence

meul

the Church -

and

M. Gladstone is of opinion

that it is such the derived

Thotang.

such de

delay

should

ih posible, be avoided

•

While therefore, he arguins, in the propel of referring the plans of the theat Church quepard & Me Hardwicke for the Governor's Report, he would, unless the Lord, of the hearing shouldolgil wruch a course, accompany that reference ( an internation.

131 adhere

AM that IM Godt state au W their decision to contubing

а биш. Я

notwending 2.5° expense towns

of the whole.

The trection of the Church,

the

povede d. that is for seeing his for the report they should be vaterfeeds that I would

such

алашни

not be more there the occasion warranted, & that it would be applied in Leech a manner as to provide accommodation wave adequate calent M. Gladatorke would and that

Gladecorquali.

A&M Godt must meertheles

their finale

Eeserve

judgment as to the fun.

portion to be contributer, If the public, until they should receive the further

tion called for,

information

ши

but that in the meantime

preparations might be

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

made so as Wrave time

hereafter, and this buildings berven commen id, pes. vided that the Inhabitant,

of the glong

should be

W contributes and

that the Govercion should

think it safe to commence

upon

the

frecendiing

which Infer specified

a. W the

aderstanding Responsibility of the

Government.

Phace

1.509

RECEIVED

JAN.3 1

1945

Ausd 7 Feb746.

Feby 46.

Lipy of the!

16. Hong Kong

Treasury Chambers 132

W Canuary 1846 -

I am commanded.

by the Lords

(gumisseries of Her Majesty's Treasury to

transmit herewith in order that

be suburitted for

the consideration

they may

of Mr

Secretary Gladstone, and for such directions

as he

may see fit to give thereon, Copier of a Report from the Commifs " of Audit,

dated 21th Prestant, and

its Enclosure),

ofiti

respecting the high price of Statimury at

Hung hông,

and the

Expediency of forwarding

Supply from this Country

I am Seri

Your obedient Servant.

er Trumbu

I. Stephen Eig.

ural

d T

す

{

133

House d

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign Office

Off

Ord

foof"

dood hyttellid

I think that the Agent should be wishuched to purchase.

ordinary

and slich, a sufifty of the ordin

Arliches

of Statinery for

amplion; and

that the God. sh? be told what has suggested this Aden

Kong Hong, equal to about half & grai's consen

and should be

desired to

report fully

чо

the salject.

吆

7.2

Inteed.

Fr. 174 4 Kong.

G. Baillie Cay

Forwarded

· 1846 1

Mr Merindan kl q ysStephen | 4

MESE Gladstone 4

to Freast letter 30 Jan 2/46

1761

Sie 9 Jet: 1046434

Suneducated &M.

Lee! Gladstone. Wo transmit herewith the City ofer

Ware

letter addressed to the

Comme to

of leedich of the

Auditor General of Achong,

to be havergant

representing

Colony

Statenary in that

and suggesting that

a gear's supply, the particular, of which he specifies shorts be sent out whine from this Country. MiGladstone with take au cant opportung рети

Safeel with the Gordsh

A.Kong,

thi

but in the meantime.

he desires that goes with

you

Moure and ship to that Colong at once, one

half

of the Supply sherified

in MrShelley; letter to the

-----

House d Commo Admiralty

Agent

oard of Tra

Boa

oreign

Office

Conn = of leudit.

Ravere

Lii

The Lords fommets of the

Reaney

haver

that

to me a letto addressed to the Commiss?" of ludibly, Exelinditor Gent of Pithory, :pecanting Phototravagant

in that. Rice of Statemery liony, andanggesting

gear's supply, of which he "pecifics the particulars, should be acut out from the Country. To prevent

mconvenience

Expense I have desired.

ле

воленд

ther

the Agent abonce wand out half the supply required Mr Shelly - and is the neantime Incest request you to infoun

ne whether

20-

Aus?

22 May/466-58

Intered

. Davis

Jeb: 1046.

Entered

днел

135

consider that it would

be advantagious to this public service that the Stationery requireds & the God? Officer in St Kong should be un future be supplied fromettes County, Ярка, If so, it would be necessung

же...

that free should furnistoun

Jace with an annual calatague of the ancount which wild be required sufficiently Early

wallow of its reaching St. Thong before the stock on hand is & hausted; and quest point out to you that These requisitions, as well a, all others of every desciftin. should be forwarded Gyoung, lonce, and should not be addressed & subordinates of your God! to subordinatio Offices in this Country.

Mavere

CS. Levelgandy. Lir

Soundiested. & Mr. 7. Jeb: 1046. sees Gladstone Wacker the

Hous

Comm

Admir

Agent

Board of

Foreig Office

receipt of gom leten of the solllline, encloring an fort from the Comme & oflendit, qua requisition, for Stationery

pared to them. & the tlukter. Several of Nikong. Jane to date to you for them forme

addie

of the IT Mail Ins

of the L. C. of the

ladstone has called on this havea

Govenor of R. Rays for a

Koup de port as to the pressuiety of future fumiching ferme Mai Country the Stationery required for the public. Officer n. that ecology, and that in the meantime. Brevent

inconvenience and

has desceted the legati to

hocure and chip, me

of the

есле

half

the suffly specified tim Her Colley's letter 15 the Count

вилин

Shavk

Copy/

in 176 Whong

My Lords.

RECEIVED

JAN.SI 1946

Audit Office

136

21. January 1846_

We bey leave to represent to your

Lordships that we have received from the

Auditor at St

Hong Song a letter, dated

31. October last, of which a Copy is enclosed,

advecting to the high price of Stationery als

đang đang of Sending

and

out a

suggesting Supply;

the expediency

The Auditor

at the same time states what quantity

of Stationery would probably be required for his Office in connection with that of the black of the Council's Office during

the next twelve month

We have in reply to this lettem. informed the Auditor that the consideration

of every matter relating to expenditure

rests with

goud Lordships

Lordships and the

of State, and that all

Secretary of State,

representations and

The Lords Commissioners

of Sher Majesty's Treasury

以

suggestions on such points

House d Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

"oreign'

Office

Hon

Offic

Ordi

Trea

points should be made to the Chief

Secretary in order to the question being. brought

under the notice of the Governor,

and reported upon by the Governed to the Secretary of State; but that in the

present instance we had submitted a Copy of his Letter to Your Lordships,

with

Copy

रा

Gentlemen,

and

137

Auditor General's Office Victoria. Hong Kong

31 October 1845

The amount of the Stationery

- printing Bills of this department in

Connexion with that of the black of Councils Office are to

Instructions being

will not

the

a view to any given to the Agent General

Subjects which goud Lordships might

deem necessary.

We have tim

(digna)

1.2. Herries

A. J. Luttrell

Henry Arbuthnot

that

heavy has I

any longer defer callingen

Sen

тут

Your attention to them.

Annual Report which I transmit in

February Sshould naturally do so.

Ihave been obliged

Cleck

the enormous hein

of Councils to pay of Twenty two dollars for ream of common foolscup,

Single

and

of the others Departments have paid 15 and 16 Hollars, the present market price

is $12; it has been as low as $8 for

a cvery inferion Article.

he Commissionens

For Auditing Public Accounts

London

House d

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Scalinlate Ishall want in the course

twelve months as follows:

Good Foolscap

2056.

}

12 Reams

Common

Letter

کار

Ord

Note

Draft paper

mg/n

287.

207 song long

Treasury Chambers

RECEIVEL

PFC

FEB 6 1846

138

5 - February 1846-

With reference to your letter, dated

31th Ultimo, further

on the dee

bjich of t

thes

Common for printing

forms & Ordinances

With Envelopes.

And if you

think fit to order

Supply to be Stent out to me

of perhaps to ffer bent might I hope

be effected.

In addition to the above I should

be glad to be furnished with 4

4 good

penknives, 2 paper Krrives, some Indian

rubber and some Indian

eating was

and a ream or two of laye thicker

wrapping papers

and blos

blotting paper, and

a few sheets of Elephant size papers

for Fabular Statements and Returns.

Shant

(2) Adolphus b. Shelley

Auditor Generat

20-20

Jeby 46.

Expence of the proposed Church at Hong

Kong, I an

commanded by the Lords

Exemmissioner of Her Majesty's Treasurch

to acquaint you, for the information of Mr. Srenetary

Gladstones, that My Lords

have not seen reason to dissect from

the teruss of the communication which Mr. Gladstone propover to make to the Governor of Hong Kong respecting the contribution from the local Komunes Fund towards the construction of the said

I. Stephen Reg.

Thurch

Hous Comm

Admira

Agent

Board of

Foreig Office

Church -

I am Sir

Your obedient Servant_

винетовидн

139

HOUS

Com Admir

Agent

oard of

Foreig

Office

дза

Lord dyttelties

now proceed

ume

that the proposed

his

7.6.

dushucho's sh

734 1/20

}

and 25-17 July46.

RECEN

FEB. 10 1846

all

Treasury Chambers.

7th by 1846.

commanded

110

માં

རྟགས།

by the Lords

Commissioner of Her Majestyoder to acquaint you for the information of Mr. Beretury Gladstone with

letter of the 274

reference to

your

wed. last, that their Ladshuser hadr Copy of the Instructions

caused a

given by the Court of Werectors of the East India Company to Lesit: Walles to be sent to the Officer in Charge of the Commissariat in New South Wales, by which dustuctions Lint. Walles is directed to apply to the Officer Commanding in that Colony to sauction advances from the Commissariat Chest of such further as may be required by lui for the object for which he has bun specially deserted to New S. Wales -

Seuns

James Stephen Eiph

Hous

Comn

Admira

Agent

Board of

Foreig Office

My Lords have also directed that

Copy of the dustuctions to Lunt: Wallas be Hausmitted to the Officer in Charge of the Commissariat at Hong Kong by which he will perceive that the croit to the Extent of £20.000 opened in favor of Lunt. Waller with the Government of Hong Kong, the drafts on account of which

were to be paid from the Commissariat Chest, with be cancelled from the date of the meist by Lunt. Waller of the said Instructions

I am

Your obedient Servant.

•

111

House o

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boar

Foreign

Office

Hom

Ice

Ordr

reas

10 deb and achtellin

informed.

273 Hong Kong Transang Chant

Fir

the

RENCEIVEL

FEB. 15

1846

Levey

10th February 1840.

the reference to ever

گریه

Letter of

26th Ultimo Jam commandeal by

the Lords Commissioons of

Ther

Majesty's Trensions to request that You will observe to Mr Secretory Gladstone that according to the Statement untouined therein of the Colonial Revenue at Hong Kong, for

the current. Year & the 38th of Search,

it appears that Nevenue will be

fully sufficient, to defrey Lunceforwurd the Expenditure of the Govermen for Public Buildings and Works

You

conet for Contingencies, and th will therefore suggests to Mr

Seuratury

2. Steptron Ent

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

Off

Ord

Tre

Seculary Ciludstone that it will be unnecessiory to include any Provision for that Expenditure in the botes for the Service of the Colony for which leflication will be mude to Perlicument, and will move Mr. Glantstone to give the requisite Directions in this respect as records the preparcition of the Extimate for the boto for the insering Year.

Jam

Jiri,

berleent Servants

your obeleent

là tình y

1873

Bach and Lyttelton

me that the Extiniali sh? be revised

7.13

I presume

chine

10.

之

Juri : 26-18 Fely 416.

276 Anything

RECEIVEL

FEB. 14 1846

Tremury Chambers

18 February 1966 -

113

With reference to your letter, dated,

28th Ulttimo, and its Enclosures, I am commanded by the Lords Commissioner of

Her Majesty's Treasury to acquint,

you

for the informations of M. Leritary Sladstone,

that My Lords

recommended

Salary

concur in the sanction

him for the Enercases of to the Police (forker, the Clentin of the

Worker, and the flecks of 1

flerks of the Land Registry

at Hong Kong, which were reported in the

Neturi

forwarded to this Board, in Mr. Hope's letter of 12 th August last, and are

how explained by the Despatch from

. Stephen Rep.

Governor

}

House Comm Admiralt

Agent

Board of T

Foreign

Office

Governor Sir J. Davies, Nr. 155, of 28th -

November last.

14. tit. Former Papers sukdown Iffe.

hid. Devis 4:46. 10thful 1045

C.D. to Jury - 12 Anj

h: 138

.LT. 4 Sie J. Dein

6 Sept.

I am, Sir, Your obedecict Servant -

(.0. to Tranny - 28 Jan. 1840.

Sir J. Davis 2:155.28 Na

Calmudyan

by 714.

548

}

27-19 Jeb746

プ

Vile to

278 Honghong Terasury Chambers, 134

RECEIVED

FEB. 14 1846

With

13 February 1866.

reference to your letter,

dated 8th Elttimo, and its Enclosures,

the Lords Commifseniers

and commanded by the Lords

of ther Majesty's Treasury to acquaintiques,

the information of Mr. Szeritury : dstone, in reply thereto, that My

Pladstone,

سلام

you,

concur in the sauction recommureded

Mr. Gladstone for Expenditures for

Repairs of Ronds referred to in the Despatch from: The Inversion of Houghông, No.137, of

13th October last,

as well as in the

Sustructions Mr. Gladstone propover

to the Lovercon

that

propoves to address subject.

. Stephew Esq.

де

an, Seri.

ал

Your obedient Servant

Wer mulig

487

House d Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Honie

ffice

Ordnan

Treasu

13.991/45 / 303 Nyong them

RECEIVED

FEB.23 1846

песе

recesury

21. February 1846.

Letter

With reference

to your

14 Febs Lord Lyttelton

The Go

bold,

hithy

are

ch 146.

78-05

dated the 8th Dumber Cast Jam commanded by the Lords Commi of Her Majesty's Treasury to request that You will observe to Mr. Secretary Gladstone that the Arreeny ements

ents therein aclvertect to

respecting, the Superannuation of Parties who have hitel Offices under the Civil Government, of Ceylon

were sunctioned, with reference to the puction Constitution of the livil Establishment of that Seland

and the me

in which it

has been determined that

Appointments to the Civil Service

House o Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Foreign

Office

in that Colony

oire

I've made; and

that it does not appear to My Fords that this Coorangements is in cins respect applicable to the Nolders of Office at Hong Kong,

Tre

осrе

any circumstances

or that there

ttaching to

the Position of these last mentioned Perties which should render it mcessory to modify the Regulations in regard to their Retirement. which have been already proposed by this Bound & the Suntary of Korte

Jam

Jir

Your obechient Pervcent

Edmundly an

146

House a

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Ordn

reas

23 Zub

Former Papers_sunt slower 7/1/

Freasmy

Governor

bdev. 1843

Lastenley Thorn 30

Camry 7-012

La Stanley ASN.

Gmenor

Kearny

C.D. to Juany

Learney

་

pv. 23 17 June 1844 2:15

24 Dee'

1 Actshe

поръ

5 dana

30 Sept.

10 hw.

C.U.t Tray - & Dev.

Draft &propined

(In Vol: 1.7 1043)

drift/

b9i4-shor

ma)

चनिय

(no drift)

Despatch for. I

The

28 deb Lordsetteller

of this dat

120

et and effect object

is to show thent.

adhere to their

rich the

decisions must be

ann

onneed to the Gor. of H. Bronze

by 724

Inarmy

argament aged agamist it. I

decissin & con

Insferse

Ky mif=

this

there

11896 2/1

Sang trọng

Treasury Chamber

IVED

MARG

1846

5M March 1846-

147

With references to Mr. Gladstone's letter, dated 29 the Samary last, I ams commanded by

The Lords

Commissioners of

Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you for the information of the Secretary of

State, that My Lord's have given directions to the Tagmarter of Civil

P. the

Services to pay to Mr. R. Smith,

Cheif Clerk of the Eglanial Officer, the Sue of £35-8-6 in repoquant of Expences inerred in paffing & Commission for the trial at Hong Kong of Offences

Stephen Eng.

Committed)

House o Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

Fro

Offi

Ord

Committed ou

the High Sear

the Vouchers rucloxed in

Mr. Gladstone's letter are herewith

ritururd

I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant

Cab mandagen

2.2

118

House d

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

he Smith

bay

received

Account re

Euanch.

3.450

ند امد

Ansd 14

Vide to Try" 5 Accg/46.

380 Hove

RECEIVED

MAR. 9

1846

Treasury Chambers

Bharch 1846-

119

With reference to your letter, dated

New

25th Ulteens, transmitting Potence of hand Appointments, the, at Hong Kong for the

Quarter Ending 3 1 . Orcember 1845, I am

The Lords Commissioner of

Commanded

Mr Minjecting's Treasury to requent you will

Move Mr Seere

Serstary

Gladstones to cause

Lords to be informed whether the representations

stated to have been seebenitted by Governor

Despatch, No. 150., of

Sir J. Davis in a Despatch,

12th November last, have appeared to M. Gladstone to afford, any sufficient grounds

for the alteration of the Establishment of the Supreme Court at Hong Kong by the separation

Stephen Eg.

JAX

House

Commo Admiralt

Agent

Board of T

Foreign

Office

Ord

Tre

the Offices of Judges Eleck, and Click

of the Courts, at an increased Expences of

L. 150. per

C Мишина

I am, Sir,

Your obedient Sewant-

веститовидн

130

House Comm Admiral

Agent

Hoard of T

Foreign

Office

young p

The former papers

Mytephen

for ich observe

Nathy Mr. Gladstone's despatch of 20 Jandstart; Sir J. Davis has been already called on for a report on the point rained Fanny the previous canelpondence

the Reamy.

ttt. so manch

11 March and. Lestelling

he so

What thin

I apprehend

inferend. H

выхожу

Wifhich

زار

Satered

Hd. Fnochenken sin

1846

Forwarded by MAR

Murdock or

Stephen 12 Londlyttelton

Msec(ladstone 12

To Gov: 17-29 Jan146.

14 Mank 148

146.

151

Juve directed GM

bees Gladstone Back.t receipt of goue beter of the

lecoy 7 mall and lostate topon

in answer, for the informat

of the

the Lords Comm

That on the RG

Kearney,

Sand Cast,

of Lid J.

ore.

the receipt

Davis Despatch.

of 12 nos. No180, Im Gladstone requested fir J. Davis 15 furnish a feuther report on the deparation of the Offices

deck, and Stark of Judges Cleck, of the Count, Gehiet, The er penses of the Count would bemneresed off th perammer. Entilan auswer to McGladstones

despatch has been viived

House

Commo Admirali

Agent

Board of T

Foreign OfficeTM

resouxideas hat the decision of MMGodt or this arrangement should

The suspended.

Chavezi

290 2

RECEIVED

MAR. 1 1 1846

I am ev

Commusumeer

си

Treamy Chaniber

152

10 March 1846

mmanded by the Louds

Her Majesty's Treanny to

hausurit, in compliance with the request contained in your Letter of the 2. lettino, the Returns which harheen prepared by the

andet, of the

Commissovers of

of the Revenue and

ofthing

Expenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong, together

with

-Copy of a Report from the Commissioners

on this suheit. -

Lam

stephen. Egy

Jou obedient Servant

law Candurte

House o Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Toreign

Office

Hon

Office

Ordna

Treas

bohrt. Magen

with

to the

March

So he giver

153

My dear Sir,

The accounts commected

with the China.

marey

have not

get teen finally adjusted, and it is therefore necessay to give

as to the payment of

Memorandum.

Expences mained at

Hay kong,

which will be charged against the

Grants of Packament as soon as the Accounts are completed.

thope the rettime in its present

form with

: heame

an sover the prpose.

avery tirty yours

21 april

brafer

Boa

In 250 4king

134

Andis séffice

6th March 1846.

}

by Lords

In obedience to

Your Fordoliger

mmands

signified_ to me in a letter from her landwett Of the 5th Mine, be have prepared and he wwith Lanomit a Retum, in cuplicate, of the Receipts and Expenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong from the 15 July 1843.

when that Island was reded to the

Crown, up to the 30! September 1945, the latest period to which accounts have been

rendered to this office.

We have thought it right to append

to the above Retunn am botract marked

A of the receipts and disbursements at

the 1st May 1841, the late

Hong Kong from

of the occupation of the Island by the Bilich Authenties, up to the 30? June 1843; in order to enable your Lordshiper,

you should think is proper, to lay that additional information before the Houve : For this last mentioned pe od

in cave

however no bonchers have accompanied

The Lords Coming to

of. A. Mr. Freavery

the

Hou

Com

Admin

Agent

Board of

Foreig Office

Harefore to give the same particulars of

the accounts; and we are

unable to

the various Brancher of Expenditure,

in the Setum for thei

which we

have

e given

peiod from 10 July 1843.

We have

rijned

{

ho.

H.. Genes

4. F. Luttrell.

A grant.

"Return of the annual Receipt

155

Receipt and Expenditures of the Colony

of Hong Hong, made up to the latest period for which Accounts huur heen received, showing the gross Receipts from the various Braucher "of Revenue under their different, heads; distinguishing the Amounts " levied in the Colony from Parliamentary Grants, and stating the "Expenditure under its various Branches"; prepared in pursuance of directions contained in a Treasury Letter, sated 3rd February 1846, and to

Address of the House of Commons of 29th January 1846.

NAL C

Receipts

1th July 1843 to 31th March 1844-

44114.112

Pents of Land.

Magistrates Courts ...

330-15.44.

Spirit Licences.

21u2u6

Market Ments.

390.8.07

Pines, Fees & : in Magistrates Courts.

Hent of Quarters occupied by Military 32.2.8

Officers .

Aides levied in the Colong

1215 136

From the Canton Ransom Fund

556258

12350.0.0

From the East India Company's] Paymaster.

From the China Indemnity Fund.. 18327-8-8 36237 14

Expenditure

Subvries.

Total Receipt ₤37/455 7 10

Wages to subordinate persons in the Departments of

b. 11322.6.6.

Police.

Marine.

Land.

11 58 12... 5

366.2.11 32,3,.1.

Other Departments.

1354.0

22,16.16.0

276.10.10

3981.10.3

17544-1819

Contingent Expenses in the several Departments.

Hent of Houses used as Offices.

Eriction and Repair of Buildings . Formation of Avads..

Compensation for Loss by Fire.

Payment for Gun-Boats.

65.0.0

134.6.8

Lofs by alteration in the current value of loin. 206-2-2.

Post Office. Expenses.

coward of Hong Kong, war cidio is the mon

412 × 86

22,352 199

Int. 10413.

2202

مي

Military Works ..

Brought forward 22352 19

470811 Aid lovied in the Colony,

27064 10

(

✓.

Brought forward ... 14523 11 10

From the Chinx Indemnity Freud :

Total Receipt

156

96012172

110,566 20

Advanced on account of Expenditure defrayed by H.M. Superintendent of Trade. (X)

Advances to the following Consulates :

Cantow. Shanghai

Ningpo.. Amoy

C...

Macao.

2766.13..44

4239, 13

፡፡

2490 "O "G 1825.00 1458116.8 931. 13. 14

(A) In addition to the above, & further sum of # 1363. 12.5 was expended for the Establishment

of the Superintendent of Trade - to meet which, Bills were drawn on the Luds of the Treasury.

Receipts

Expenditure

Salaries.

273 13.0.0

Wages to subordinate Persons in the Departments of

Police.

26941911

Marine.

13510

9934410

Land..

459.12..11.

Other Departments

272-8-4

Total Expenditure £40872 6:

1th April 1844 to 31,the March 1845:

Land Rents.

Market Ments..

Fees on granting Leases of Land . Hees on appointment of Serangs. Fees on Marriage Licences.

egistering Boats.

Hees on r

Fees, Fines, and Horfeitures Judicial Courts... Licences to tublicans and.

Spirit Dealers.

Pawn Brokers.

•

Auctioneers. Salt Brokers. Billiard Booms.

Opium Farming.

•

Stoul Quarrying.

Sale of a Houser.

Sale of Stores .

мо

Passes and Sailing Letters granted

by the Superintendent of Trade. Post Office.

Sumé recovered.

•

£. 8507-4.1% 977.14.974 878.16.6744

65.0.0 5..12..

s. d.

137.10.14.

} 1062.10-7/

640.5.0 270.16.8 86.13.4 75.16.44 10.16.8 153.16.8

173.6-8.

409"

99 18.9

68.17.11

667-17-1

591-22-174

111,523 410

Contingent Expenses of the several. Departments 273.8.1.10 Stire of Houses used as Offices. -Purchase and clearing of Lands.

Evenpensation to Land Owners and Householder d. 463.3.

on their recitoval to a new Location. Formation of Hoads, Bridges, Drains &c:. Erection and Repair of Buildings . Commission on, Sales at e tuction. Formation of a Burial Ground. Transportation of Convicts.

•

Bounty & Money to Men engaged for the

Police (Force.

Post Office Expenses.

1201..15.8

3543 16... 7/12

8..

16652.16.7/2

4208.18/2

48.3.4 238.7

150 0.0

2010.0

570..10.6 65642.

Payments ou account of the Department | 5978.8.19%

of A. M. Superintendent of Tradé

Payments on account of the following Consulates

Cantow. Shanghai. Wingpo..

Amoy . Foochoo foo.

Macao

6291-19.8%

6486. 14.074 4786.9.84 5742. 18.5/2 3144.14.1/4

519.4.10

}

329504

198593 2 11.

Total Expenditure . £ 98593

1th April to 30th September 1845.

Receipt:

Land Fents.

Warket Ments.

Rents of Buildings Fees on grants of Lenses.

011

Olle

011.

appointment of Serangs.

Marriages and - Burials..

registering Boats.

Fries, Fees &c : in Magistrates Courts

Licences to Publicans and

Spirit Dealers.

Pawnbrokers..

Auctioneers.

Salt Brokers.

Billard Room..

Expenditure

Salaries.

- 80 81 702- 260.8.4

.. 72.60.1.07

Wages to Subordinate Persons in the Departments of

13981-18-74

Police.

2097.16.0/2

Marie.

367.1843

Land.

20214.2

Other Depart

98.2.6

Rations supplied to Police .

328. Jul

2.92.16.12

Purchase and clearing of Land.

Contingent Expenses of the several Departments 1840.17.10

Formation of a Burial Ground.

52.1.8

Formation of Poads, Bridges &c :

62.18.1174

85.121.7 481.0.74

443u15.0

4411912

8781..15.07

2089.13.6

1614.15.11

82.8.14-22

1800.32

}

32,5.8.10/2

يرو

JJ 41.55 26.06 -226.0.10

3.5.. bNo

Opinen Farming... 1162-3-11

Stour Quarrying

Dutyou, Sales at Auction.

Sailing, Letters and Passes granted

by the Superintendent of Trade.

Sale of Stores

Post Office..

Sums recovered..

Aid levied in the Colony

351" 0"10

199.5.972

13.19.2

59112.8,2

590.0.10

159v3.4

1251613

From the China Indemnity Fund..

the l'evice

Tatal Receipt

account as

орна

2557595

Repairs of Hoads damaged by a Storme Erection and Repair of Buildings. Hire of Buildings ofor offices Commission ou Poles at Auction

Transportation of Convicts. -Post Office Expenses..

150.0.0

461-44-10/2

Loss by alteration in the rate of the Dollar 919. 2. 1/2

and other foine

ج کے جلی ہے۔

Payments on accouutiof the Departintuly 1876.12.20 Hth. Superintendent of Frade..

Payments su account of the following Consulates

Audit Office ₤380922, 6 March 1846

6th

In addition to the preceding Meturn If the ceipt & Expenditure from the date of the esseen of the Iland of Hong Kong to the

Amoy.

402719.69% 1140.5.62

1655-11.7%

1844.14.972

137

1 3 4 8 28 3

Cantow..

Shanghai.

Neugpo.

ForChoo foo.

2799.10.95

Macão.

550.J

133995

8227130

Total Expenditure. 82

British Government, expenses were incurred

The Jums stated in this ac applied towards the Experlitive, out of the China Indeminty find, will be replaced to that fund from the Grants off Parkament for

of the colure of Hery Kory, and for the consular Acabament ring the previous period of its occupations

Estable "the advances fome the China redemity fund were madidas a merely temporary meas been occanored by drawing Bulls upon buy land for the whole of the Expenditent.

wille w to save sapere hauklo, and delay which would have suspended so far as the same can the

Eng

in China.

with a

The

a Expence,

Lt. Aeries F. F. Luthell

Aleuritis

the British Forces, of which an account A

I made and from Accounts in the Audit

office

In 250W

Abstract of the Receipts and Disbursements of the Government of Hong Hong:

From 12 May 1841 to 30th June 1843.

138

Receiptes :

Pines and For fertures in Magistrates Courts 1.063.12.3

Spirit Licences.

Market Pents..

Sale of a Houser.

Penalties for breach of Contract ..

Pent of Quarters occupied by

Military Officers ..

56,5.0

5411812

117.11.3

184.10.0

272.18.6

2.23859

Mides

From the Canton Raitoin Fund.... 54.760.15.5 From the East India Company's Paymaster 33.840-0-0 From Bills on Her Majesty's Treasury

Total Receiples.

3.000.00

91.600 15 5

93.83707

Disbursements

Salaries.

5,101,87

Wages and Contingent Expenses

General Department... 3.105.6.8/2. Chief Magistrates Department.. 3.258.19.8% Marine Department.... 1.202...0...8% Land Department

including (ivil Worker 26.144.17.8.

• Military Works .

Aijedit Office 6th March 184.6

Total. Disbursements. nt tinies

H. J. Luthell

38,879, 73 4

49.462.16

(88.374 11/10

Hỏ

Adm

Age

oard

For

Off

4736 2/3

vit

- March -

35. 30 March 446

C.O

MAR.25

1846

139

Treasury Chambers

24 March. 1846.

Jam commanded by the

Lords Commissioners of Ster Majesti;

wry to transmit herewith,

order that they may be submitted

I Secretary Gladstone, an

зо

op Report from the

with the queries.

missioners of Audit, and the

xxen of Return to which it refers, dad the subject of the Accounts

Colonial Treasurer at

Hong Kong,

"My Lords request that Mr Gladstone will cause them to be forwarded to Governor Sir J.

Davis, with directions to let The

answers and replanations, required by the Lueries, and

Stephen Eug

the

Boar

ffie

House

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

OfficeTM

Home

Office

Ordnand

Preasu

the Returns relating to the Land Revenime, be from ished without

delay.

Jam, Soi,

Your Abedient Servant.

130

Lank

House d Commör Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Hon

Office

Ordn

Treas

25 March And Lestelling

shr, of c

спл

be withached accordingly

End

Hr. 404 Hong Kong

کوئی

131

Hi Lohn Davis M.

ہو

1846

Forwarded by a

Mundoch 30

MEStephen Lordfyllelion

Eszc Cladstone

1-78- 20 June

6571

(1991)

781

(I Caldwellte)

S946 (Rent Roll)

or Teeny Letter of 248 Purchas

DS..

30. March 1846

tenomik bym

ith an behest ga

Report

да

made to the L. C.

of the hucony by the Commipuiners & Audit

enetroing Lueries, and Terms of Return, on the bewonits of the bucourers at Stoughing frome sit April 1844 to 30 Lue 1845-

"Lane

and Thurts dreit

to Cause the

answers.

་

and explanctiones legumed

by the Lueries, and the

Acturnos

House

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of T

Foreign

Office

Ord

Pre

Returns relating to

the Land Avenue

to be farmales

delay-

Lands

without.

6.45714

679 Dighong

CEIVED

APR 18 1846

Treassons Canivers

17 Amil 1846.

132

3D - 23 April_1846.

гез

With reference to your Letter

of the 2t Instant. I have it in command to cuquecint You, for the information of Mr Surelary Gladstone, that the Lords Commissioners of Uhr Meijestys Precesury have been pleased, in

Concurrenc

with his

nee o

to authorge the lectmission of the Expenditure to be incurred for the Werks at Hong Kong Extimates for

transmittal in the

which

were

Despectate from the Governor of that Colony

1. Stethen bot

dated the 12th January East.

Jam Tir.

your obclient Serot

par:

Hous

Comp

Admira

Agent

Board of

Foreig Office

The Gr. sh?, of course, be so mishuclid?

18 April Lad Gettiltin

ар

20:

614421/4

Sor,

RECEIVED

APR.22

717 Hong Kong- & Falklands Treasury Chambers

28th April. 1846.

133

With reference to the points adverted To in Lord Lyttelton's letter of the 27th Ultimo respecting such of the Annual Estimates for Colonial Services for the year ending 31 March 1847 as differ from those of the Current year, a appear to require further & xplanation, Jam

commau de d

the Lords

види

oras

Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury

to request that

it you

will observe to

Mr. Secretary Gladstone,

1°E As regards the Estimate for the Establishment and Expenditure.

Her hong, that my &

Lords have

not seen reason Babject to the inser is.

for the present year of

the sum

insertion

the

of £4000

116phen Beg

House d

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnan

Treasu

Radi

£ 4000 under the head of provisional

Salaries and

to meet

Contingencies, with a brew t' any portion of the augmented Departmental Expenditure, upon which explanation has been required, that it

it may eventually be found necepary to sauction.

And 2ndly, that in the case

case of. the Falkland Islands, My Lords entirely, approve of the proposed provision for Public Works out of such proceeds may be derived from the Public Herds and Property, under the

ат

under the agreement with

Mr Lafone, to which Lord Lyttelton has adverted, or from the other sources of local receipt referred to by Governor Moody. My Lords also apprehend

the

which was

134

the arrangement for the periodical transmision of Supplies from this Country,

notified to the Secretary of State in a communication from this Department of 23d August last, will Government from the heavy charges for Freight, to which the Governor anticipated be should be exposed, and obviate the

relieve the local

necessity _ for either increasing the

Estimate

this Account, or en

entering

wito arrangements for the periodical Engagement of Freight from this country by private Vepels -

Jam, Sie,

Four.

ал

Obedient Servant

Елитвидеть

wez

House d Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Honie

Office

Ordnan

Treasu

}

22 April

Lnd testtellän

I presume that nothing

amain's to be done

MIG. Apr. 23

My ap 2

"Na{wY,1- v\+N£སཱུ གདནཾ,

1835-

24724 Sting Kong

ir.

ECEIVED

(.0.

APR. 23 1846

Chambers

22-April 1846.135

April-146

تمها

With reference to your

Letter

of the 6th Instant I have it in

at to anquant You, for

the information of Mr Secretary

ladstone, that in concurren.

теже

with his proposition the Lords

missioners of Her Majesty's

Treasury

сече

pleased to cuithorize

the Salary of the Registreer of the Supreme Court, at Hong Kong

6758% _ bring incorused to Jeven hundred

and fifty-Pounds per

Pounds pur Cennum.

Jam

Sir

Jourobe

obedient Snor

House d

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boar

Foreign

Office

Hom Office

Ordna

Treas

Оверност С

The for. oh., of course, be mishichid

MAG. AM

ünkheit Lnd Sestaltio

My apr 24

76181/5

Pst Hong

Sis,

RECEIVED

C.O.

MAY. 7 1846

136

Treasury Chambers 5th May 1846

Jam commanded

ве

the

Lords Commissioners of Her

Lov:

47-12

pages tys Treasury to transmit

Kerewith for

the

Laud

Board

information of

1770

& Secretary Gladstone an

Extract of a Report from the Postmaster General, dated the

18th Ultimo, and

вору Copy of the

correspondence between M. Stead and the Postmaster at Hong Kong,

relative to an alteration made in

the departure of the Contract Packet conveying

conveying the mails from and I am to request

the t

Hongkong.

1. Stephen. Esg

んん

Offic

House d Common Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

oreign

Office

Offi

(Orchi

Prea

that directions Me

a to Sir I.

may be given

Davis in accordance

contained therein.

to the request

Damn, Sir,

Gour

Obedient Servant

Law Cardark

137

Book

17270

Offic

House Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnan

Treasu

من 7

MrG. May

that the for. must be mit huched

And Estellan

rachching.

8am by

End

22--2-y

Fr 059 Very Mong

Di Marthains Bert!

138

47.

Les

12. May 1945.

1346 LAY.

Pravarded by sax.

Mundock 11. Stephen 11

〃

Lord Lyttelton //

SEC Gladstone 12

Magist

the Copyspa

Letter promette

Lunching to the Hand of Suiting Kuning excting andshart

qa Meport from the Post- Mister General & Copert a Correspondence hihmeen the Axeminelly Agent at Braganza

and the Post

Mister at St. King Whelans

tan allenation medeath

Jun Consume

ce in the

depertine of the Contact

Jackets Comming the this

کی

from

House a Commo Admiralty Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnance

Treasury

Noughing & Point de fall. beit appears that mul

inconven recesived Ithis altention

не

Thenet durch that you

will abstion proang interference гутово

the time fixed the

the departme

дл

ytte

Packets Conveying

the Mich, except on

occasions othe putest

hergering,

ри

Responsible

in cuckhere

of came Lald

Her propriety of

こ

infy

2854 18 kang

169

Exhast of Report ofport Master General to the Londs Commissioners of ton's Treasury dated, the 18th April 1846.

Shave the honor to hausmiet. to your Sondships, copy of a letter dated the

andel

ft sistaut, with its enclosures received from the Admiralty, relative to au alteration

made in the departure of the Contract Packet conveying the mails pon Hong Kong, beg to state, that Sentirely agree with the Lords of the Aduccialty, that this alteration. was injudicious; and I would suggest therfore that orders should be despatched to the Governor of Hong Long not to uiterfere in any manner as regards the time pied by the Admiralty (with whom alone the arrangements rest, for the departure of the packets Except on occasions of the greatest energency, in which cases, he

should be given to underst and he will be held responsible for any directions he may issue,"

Land:

زندان

Post office Victoria

23o January Hob

The Merchants of fauton having

Referesent

House o

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign Office

Hon

Ordi

Trea

represented that the sailing of the mail Steamer at daylight on the t of the mouth, causes them serious inconvencence and that it evolves the risk of their Correspondence not reaching in sufficient

Hong tive to be forwarded in the Hong Kon mail made up on the last de of the

day month ; His Excellency the G

the Governor has been pleased to ducet that in future the Steamer shale take her departure at 2 pm, unstead of at daylight on the 1th of each month, provided that it does rest in any way infringe the terms of the Contract with the Jeninsular and Cucutal Company.

Steg to farmish you with a Copy of this Excellency's Commands to me

the subject.

/ Signed / Thomas Nyland

St J. 8. Head Ka.

Ademralty Agent-

Braganza"

Copy

زندان

Boshmaster

Colonial Office Victoria

Hong Kong 20. Jau til.

Irreply to your letter of the 19th Instant, Enclosing a proposal from the merchants at Cauton, that the Overland

Thomas Hyland loope

Joshuarter

mail

Copy

mail in future may.

170

may be despatched in the afternoon of the day appointed prits departure, nistead of at daylight as

beretofore; Jau directed by H.8. the

that as far Governor to inform you,

it can be done without uiterfering with the terms of the contract, 1.6. entirely

approves of the suggested alteration.

Jer

Signed, Fred? to a Bence

Colmal Sear

C.S. C. Braganza Hong Kong

30. January 1846.

Sbeg to forward you Avo letters

received from the Postmaster General at Hong Kong, and to state for your information that the time of departure pou heull as been heretofore at daylight on the of the Month; and as the mail is for the. future to be despatched at 2 pm. that day, there will be a positive loss of light

hours from hence to England.

The Calcutta packet has in every instance been ready for Sea. before on arrival at point de Galle.

On the receipt of the enclosed letters, I waited on his Excellency the four = in Chief, who said he could not interfere,

there

Capt. Ellice Superintendent of packets.

Southampton

House d Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Boar

Foreign

Office

Home

ice

Ordnan

Freasu

there being no specified time mentioned in the Contract, or in my wishuctions.

The Admiral desired me ser,

to state, that in his opinion the packet - should leave at daylight on

the first

- The Calcutta packet being always detained

for the Chiriamail.

می برکات

(Signed) F. J. Head

Aduxeralty Agent

جون

A. & Braganza

ریم

802855

رید

Gov. 49-14 May

C.0.

MAY. 9 1846

Sir,

Kong

171 Chambers

097 không hỏng

Treasury Cha 8 may

Wiete

184-6.

er letter

reference to your

the 23d Ultimo respecting the reduction of the Salary of the Colonial Surgeon

Jam

a at

r of

at Hong Kong,

the Lord

commanded by Commissiouers of Her Majestify Treasury to acquaint you for the information of Mr. Secretary Glads que, that, as persons

to the Police at Hous

I belong ing Kous

who en

may require Medical Treatment cannot be received into the

the Military Hospital.

Lords are

to the rate.

are not prepared to djat

of Salary which it is

proposed in Governor Sir J. Davis

I. Stephen Esg=

Di's patch

んん

ん。

Fed

House d Commo

Admiralty Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnanc

Treasur

Dispatch of 5th February to assign to

Dr Dill for attendance

the

Police Force and the other Medical

Duties to be performed for the Girl

Government:

Jam, Soi,

Your

obedient Servant.

Ел титовидн

I hary

And Lestelling

The Gw.

I suppose,

be mishichid accordingly,

Mer

8814 155-

970 Amy King

Sir.

RECEIVED

0.0.

MAY. 19 1846

18th

Treasury Chambers. Mayn 1846-

172

;

22 May 1846

reply to your letter of the 2nd

Instant recom

те

mending that the Chief Justice at Hory Rouch should be exonerated from the Expence of the repairs of his residence, Sam commanded by the Lords Commissioner of Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of M. Secretary Gladstone, that, as

it would appear that the stipulated rent for the House occupied by The Chief Justice

at &

Hang Kany will amount to about 14 plcent-

the whole cast to the Government

прои

The purchase, alteration and

repairs, My Lords do not object to

J. Stephen Seg

ん

んん

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Hon

Offic

Ordn

Trea

the proposed payment from the Colonial Funds of the rxpence, to the amount of £80_, stated to have been

incurred under the head of repairs.

Jann, Soi,

Your obedient Servant.

Cal Mulyan

19.

Long

and destellin

When Jr. sh., of course, be so mithunched?

пирим

990319/45. Sumisiate.

Gov.) 57. 23 Me

173

gia trong trong

Treasury Chambers,

20th May 1846.

of the

RECEIVED

MAY 21 1846

you

Jam commanded by the Lower Commissioners of Her Majesty's Jeasury to transmit to perewith for the information of W. Scentury Gladstone Coper

following documen to relating to a frand which has been committed upon Her Majesty's Government in reference to the sixth instalment of the Chinese Indemnity by the substitution of a box contain ing Lead for a box containing

шу

Selven, von?

Letter from the Master of the Mini't dated 4th May 1846 -

Copies of Minutes of this Board

of the 5th and 8th Keny thereon

James Stephen Expre

ん

House o Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home Office

Letter from Wes " Ass? Come " Und

Routh to W. Archer dated Dublin

Jr May -

Letter from the Admiralty

Ordnan

Treasu

dated 11th May

and its mclosure

да

from Capte. Mwillà dated V. May

Copy of a muinte.

of this Bound of the 12th May Therion -

Letter from the Master of the Munt dated the 184. May with the following me losures, von ? Letter from Capth Revell; dated

рот 11. May-

Letter from Wes?" Ass? Commen" You Routh dated the 13th May

and

My Lords request that you will move W. Gladstone, to transmit Copies of them even - ments by the mixt Mail to the Governor of Hasing Kong,

with instructions to vinstitute

ス

}

174

searching investigation into the circumstances of the

frand, with a

our to the

detection and purushiment

of the Offenders

and the

ricovery of the value of the Syce Silver which has been abstracted

The substituted box and its contents and two of the other boxes will be sent to

Hong Kong by the next mail Steam Bucket consegured to the Officer in Charge of the Com -missariat who will be_

directed to give sir John Beas all the assistance in his power in the progress of the investigat

Jams Sir,

Your obedient Sowant

Chuchan

House a

Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnance

Treasur

Cory 10

and Astellin

The Ger. sh. of course, be wishuclid

гг

May

....

Copy

No.5%.

20 May 146.

Sir

175

Darning Theat

باشه

May

1846.

" hansmit to you, herewith, für zour

information the lipy of a letter from the e: to the Dt of Teasing enclining Copier Several. Documents relating to a fraud. which We Gost in reference

has been committed

to the 6 Inolatinent of the Chinese Indemnity by the substitution of a Box- containing Lead for a Box containing Sihan.

I have to duit that you will mich bite.

searching investigation into the arces

the Fraved with

功

new to the detection

punishment of the offenders, and the

recovery of the calice of the Sycee Siber

which has been abstractist, and that

you will

report to me the result,

sesligation.

. J. J. Dainis M.

O..

result of such

(girl) Mr. Gladstan

House d

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Hom Office

Ordna

Treas

Copy

In 670 St. Kong Mint Office

Sor

An opening

one

1+. May 181,6

176

of the Boyes containing

the Sycee Lilver brought to this Country by

#MS "Serpent" and deposited at the Mint

discover

vered

Thuraday Evening, it has been dis. to be filled entirely with lumps of Lead, insteal of Silver. The Officers of the Mint are incline to think from the appearance of the Boy. that the pand has been committed in China previously to the shipment; but

the Treasure, was

to an

ук

changed pom

nother, and "considerable delay

in the

one

مه

Ship

ensued

voyage, it is impossible to form any correct opinion, as to the time or the persons who one parties to the robbery.

may

Under these circumstances the Master of the Mint has directed that the matter be immediately communicated for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, in order that such be given for further enquiries

instinctions

по

• may

may be judged expedient.

C. E. Trevelyan Eaque

Greasy

Boa

7270

House

Comm

Admiral

Agent

Board of T

Foreign

Office

Off

Ord

Pro

I enclose

Extract poin the Invoice,

showing the number of the Box, and Statement of the Gross Weight of the Lycee Silver it should

contain, and the weight of the Lead found

therein; being

excess of $3 280. 15 dists

280. 15 dots Troy- FB280.

the estimated value of the Lycee Lilies which should have been deposited in the Box is

about $1000.

hav

Boves

nearly one fourth of the number of Bo-

but no other deficiency

now been

opened,

has been found. It is however possible that the pand may have been effected upon some other of the Boxes containing the Treasure

It is submitted that it might be desirable that the Lieutenant-

о доти

the

Officer belonging to the "Serpent", should

inspect the Box at the Mint. _

I have be

( Siz . / Sa. M. Morrison

Statement

177

cement of the Number and' particulars of the Box found

being opened to contain Lead instead of Syeee Lilver

Box h.130. Grop Weight

Mint Office

asfeer Invoice I

Gross Weight

by Mint Leala

Excess - the

Average Net Weight of

the Lycee Lilver in

the-Aroundup?

271

297

each Box- by Mint Leale)

Net Weight of the 16 pieces

03: Troy

3380

of Pig Lead found in the 3660.15

Box

May 1846.

Exuso

मु

17 - 280.15 dis

Boar

House Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office(r)

Ordnanc

Treasur

Copy of Treasury Minute dated

5th May 1846.-

of the

to the

8726 - Transmit a Copy of this litter and accompanying Statement to the Secretary Admiralty and request that he will move the Lords Commissionus to dinct the Commanding. Officer of the Serpent to furnish all the information in his power on the subject to which they relate

after

he has inspected the box at the Mint _ _

Copy of Treasury

Minute dated

8th May 1846. -

Write to the Master of the Mint that

Capt. Revile late Commander oft ms Serpent" And Dep? Ass! Com : Gen. Routh now serving in Ireland, who assisted in the receipt & examination of the Treasure, have been directed to attend at the Minit for the purpose of giving all the information

nation in their power calculated to elucidate the manner in which this prand has been perpetrated-

Also transmit the following documento relating to the receipt & disposal of the othe Instalment of the China Indemnity -

Original letter from Freign Office dated 30 October 184,5 with various enclosures from

Lis

Six S. Davis and Invoice and kill of Lading.

178

2. Their Lordships Minute thereon

dated 4 hovember 1845.

3 . . Letter pour Dep Com : Gen? Miller dated 25 July 1865-enclosing an account of Expenses incurred at Canton in recovering and the shipping the 6th Instalment_

4. Mr. Miller's letter dated 28th January

1846.

the

5. Copy of letter from Defs? App! Com : Gen! Routh to M. Archer dated Dublin 7 May 1846 describing manner in which the Treasme was received by the Offices of the Commissariat, examined and transferred to the Naval Offians appointed to receive it. _ Their Lordships desire that the Master of the Mint will pom the

es of information above indicated and from any be available to him, strictly

others that

enay

sources

investigate the circumstances connected with this prand so far as they

ascertained in this

this Country

can

and report

the result in detail to this Board in order

that

Board

2270

House

Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnance

Treasury

that Instructions

be sent to the Governor

may be

of Hong Kong by the next mail to complete the investigation on the spot and if possible to recover the value of the Sycee Silver abstracted and to bring the Perpetrator of the prand to

Justice. -

✡

Copy

My sear Sir,

Dublin Castle

I may

179

7 May 1846

Iam quite surprised at

hearing of the deficiency appeasing at the Mink in the July Instalment of the Chinese ind

indemnity, anx Ingut it is not im my power to explain how

it has arisen.

Money

Sam persuaded that the was transfured by this Department all correct, to the Navy. It was,

1 perfectly

impossible for any portion of the money

to have been changed, or abstracted while

it was in our cute

and Mr. Bagan

: of

Custody - Mr Goldsmith

were present the whole

Ichchen by If the time - at the holes where the

Fica

ard

WAX

House o Commo Admiralty

Agent

oard of Trad

Boar

Foreign

Office

Hone

Office

Ordnan

Treasu

money

was weighed and throffed

in their presence and afterwards put.

into bags and tied up before them; this

done, Mr. Goldsmith

" Goldsmith and Mr. Pagan both superintruded the transfer of the

to me, and I saw every bag money immediately put into the boxes, nailed Morosi and clamped = I was assisted in this duty by the Clerk of the "Castor,

Mr. Andrews, and as the boxes were closed, we placed. Sentries over them who also looked over the Chinese with us whilth

into the boke

frigate,

they placed the money and closed them before us. It was thus

perseelly out of

the question and impral -

Cokerson - treable that with to. many

and precautions, any of the boxes would

have been opened after once

180:

being

closed, nor could my exchange of

the

bags have been made in their hautfer to me, accompanied as

they evere "Goldsmith and Mr Fagan the whole way and so carefully looked after by

them prior to this, at their weighing,

Shroffing

and

When

tying up in the bagsit

boxes had been thus

гд

a suspicient member got together, Mr Andrews and myselfe had

them colighed in that state, and we both took notis of the weights which in

comparing afterwards we found totally. The boxes were then placed in the open

Court attached to the

over them, and one

Boug

with a

Mutty

Storkeepers,

Board

House Comm Admiral

Agent

Board of T

Foreign

Office

Offic

Ordn

Mr. Barnes, whose duty it was to check

the numbers of the boxes as they lame

out of the Seale and to assist the Sentry

in broking after thein Thus wery

precaution that could possibly be taken

was resorted to by us ; the place

where the mohly

was

left after

the

weighing of the boxes was besides no.

our where

more than 15 @ 20 yaras poui-

Mr. Andrews and I stood, and laun

convinced no perton could have

muddled with the mon

money

in the

whilst

Hong so immediately

eyes

wittorril our dis

under

discovering it

us ener

Mither of us

left the

Moniz

مر

Hong

181

till the money had been basely

handed over to the Naval Officer who

came with an escort to take

Ships. Mr. all

properly

and as

-assisted in seeing

stowed. an

it to the

the loker

ay in the boat,

away

far as my recothction serves invariably took a receipt from

mu invan

the Naval Officer for the number of

boxes taken oher by tim daily - I presume that the responsibility of this Department could not be brid to extend after the shipment of the monty into the boats, when the

responsibility .

would seem to appection

to the Navy. The fact of the bags

weighing 20tks more than the Invoiced

weight

House Comm Admiral

Agent

Board of T

Foreig Office

would natur.

weight would

naturally

indicate

that the abstraction took place after

the weighing, and it can be proved

Ithink

very clearly that their was wither

time nor opportunity for

opportunity for the exchange

to be made between the weighing and shipment. That it may have taken

place afterwards, Jame not prepared

usually

to state, for the money was user. put into a chop book towed by the Mary boats,

hoats, but invasiably accompanied by a thong escort in the former. This boat was convoyed at the responsibity

the Navy daily to Whampoa, a

distance of seven.

miles, and it will

جبكم

4.4

182

be for them to show that such

pusantions were taken by them as

the importance of the service demanded

Proight and that this money

was afterwards transhipped three times from the "Castor" / "# to the "Viken" 2nd to

the "This " . 5th to the Terpent" making fou shipments altogether besides the boot shipment at Canton - Thus the survey was in the custody of the Navy from July to January (the rate of the last Shipame a period of marly nine months, tom

4, conting the time occupied by the homeward trip of the Spent whilst each portion of the Sycee which was saily shipped by

this Department at Canton nevn

umsined in our charge longer than

Six

ฟ

Hou

Com

Admin

Agen

Board of

ore' Offic

Six homsat at time.

Affair

It is indeed an awkward

but I am satisfied on investigation

it will be found that we

precaution in our posol -

(St) L. Routh

tooker

couy

Shane written this in a sax hurry presuming

would be autions to get my

that you answer as soon as possible. They therefore excuse this serawol and also forgine j in my hurry I have not made

intelligible as I wished

she

mushelf

Copy/

Lis

183

Admiralty - 11 May 184,6.

With reference to your Letter of the to the Instant, & its enclosure, relating to one of the Boves Containing the Lycee Silver brought to this Country

board the Serpent having been discovered to contain Lead instead of Silver I am commanded by My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to send you herewith for the information of the Lords Commissioner of Her Majesty's Treasury a Copy of a Letter from Capt. W. Nevill dated

the subject and to that this Officer has been

the 5th Instant on

acquaint you

directed to come to London relative thereto

and is now at Morley's Hotel, Trafalgar Square.

C. E. Trevelyan reque

Treasury

I am be.

/ Sig. AllsHamilton

Η δυ Com

Admir

Agent

Board of

Torei

Offic

Copy

Winsloop Serpent

Portsmouth 6 May 1846

Sir,

I have the honor to acknowledge the

4th Inst: conveyers receipt of your letter of the tithe Inst:

Conveying enclosures from the Treasury, likewise from

that on opening

Her Majesty's Mint stating

one

- of the Boves of Syeee Liber brought by WM.

Hoop Serpent under my

the said box was

lunips of

Lead

hand

comma

that

found to be filled with

instead of Silver

I have the honor to inform you Sir- that I was on deck at the time I received

the Treasure from 4M Ship Iris at Singapore and the whole of the Boxes came on board in a perfect state . I was likewise on deck when

transhipped from this sloop, to be

they

were

landed at Weeval, and perfect state as

they.

were

in the same

when received, which M. Byron's

(of the Treasury / Certificate to me

amply shows.

Ibey to asure their Lordships that not any one

of the Treasury Boxes could under any

circumstances have been opened while under

184

my change.

The Seals, and other marks upon it

doubtless will clearly show that the

contents of the Box are the shipped at Canton. _

The Secretary

of the Admiralty

London

I have be

Rame

avo

1 Ligned / Mrr Nevill

Copy of a Treasury

dated 12th May 1846. -

9431 - Transmit a

and

Minute

when

Copy of this Letter:

of ito enclosure to the Master of the Mint for his information, with reference to the Letter from this Board dated

th Instant. -

9th

LIF

Hou

Com

Admir

Agent

Board of

Forei

Offic

Coping

Sir,

Mint Office

In Jeuronance of the

16 May 1846

corr

wands of

letter to the Master

the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty Treasury signified in your of the Mint on the 9 Inst, acquainting him that Capt - Revill, late Commander of Ams "Serpent," and Dep? Ass! Com: Gen? Routh had been desired to attend at the Mint for. the purpose of giving all the information in their power relating to the prand which had been committed in the Sycee Lilver brought to the Mint on the 30 <. & also transsmitting Certain Papers, in original, in respect to the receipt and disposal of the 6th Instalment of the Chinese Indemnity and desiring

the pom these sources of information, circumstances commited with the prand far as they can be ascertained here may be strictly investigated, and the result, in detail, reported to their Lordships Board, in order that instructions

be sent to the may Governor of Hong Hong to complete the examination on the spot.

that

185

I have the honor by direction of tir Grage Clerk to submit for their Lordship ro information, the following observations which have recured to the Officers of the Mint in the consideration of the subject. -

Among the papers which have been transmitted to the Master of the Mint is a letter from Dep? Ass : Com: Gen? Routh, who assisted in the receipt of the Treasure at Canton to the Arches dated Dublin 7 May describing in detail the

the Treasure

re was

manner in which weighed, shroffed, and

were nailed down

put into the Boves, which and clamped in the presence of himself and other Officers of the Commissariat aficted by the Clerk of the "Castor " Frigate, and he is of opinion that it was then perfectly impracticable that with so lookers on and precautions, any

of the Boxes could be opened, or the Treasure execharger

one

many

es letter from Captain Revill, the Cornmandu of the "Serpent " has also been received,

and dated

addressed to the Admiralty, Portsmouth the the Instant, wherein, after

stating

four:

که

House Comm

Admiral

Agent

Board of T

Foreign Office

Offi

Ordn

Trea

stating that the Boxes were all shipped in his presence

from the "Iris " on board the

"Serpent" at Singapore, in a perfect state, and that they

were all landed at Weeval

in the same perfect state as when received,

which Mr. Byron's ( of the heasury / Certificate to him amply shows - We assures their

Lordships that not any

Roves could under any

one

of the Treas

Treasury

circumstances.

been opened while under his charge. _

Between the period of the delivery of the Boves at Canton by M. Routh and the shipment of them at Singapore by Capt. Revill, there is

history than the statement in

other history

M. Routh's letter that the Money,

delivery

the

was

the

put into a Chop Boat, towed by

havy Boato, and that it was afterwards translipped shree times; from the "Castor " pat, to the "Vixen" 2" to the "Iris" "3" to the "Serpent" making four shipments altogether, besides the boat shipment at Canton. The Boat was conveyed at the responsibility of the Navy Whampoa,

a distance of seven miles. That

have taken place in this

the Robbery, may hapage, M. Routh is not prepared to state,

صه

tha

136

the money put into the Chop Boate in invariably accompanied by a strong excort.

It seemed under these representations to be desirable to ascertain the identity of the

found; and

Boy in which the Lead

was

accordingly Captain Nevill and Mr. Routh, a divcted by their Lordships, have attendid at the Mint, when they

were

requested in addition to

dition to any

particularly other information

they might be able to furnish, to declare, whether, in their opinion, the Box diffleed

any

in any

respect from the others, or as to the possibility of an exchange of Roves having been effected in some part of the passage between's Canton & Singapore.

made by

всем

A Report thereon hav consequently been. by Mr. Routh, in which he that the Roy marked h:130 admits of

such doubt or su

suggesto

The dimensions

suspicion. The

of it do not conrespond with the dimens of the other Roves. The two last figures of the number "130" have apparently been put in

after the now hoops had been attac

to the

Mannes

in the other

cached, contray

Cases,

where the

lastle

LARG

Boar

hürch

MiA Offic

House Comm Admirali

Agent

Board of

·Bo

Foreign

Office

Ordi

Tre

: last figure is sometimes partly hid by the crow; the ink of the " 30" is of a different shade

and

of blackness.

that the Rope

Captain Nevill also says forming the handles of the suspected Rox is

and the knots. are tied in a different manner. Moreover the Lead is not of the description of the Big

board Her Majesty's

not of the samma teative of garn,

lead which is received on

Ships of War ; and the pieces of Birch word weed in the stowage of the Box, are declared

by M. Routh to be such as are

a frequently applied for fuel at Canton It is further suggested the letters marked or stamped in, upon

that sevnal

of the Cut pieces of Lead, forming when placed 2 Ingots

be the mear

together a distinct name, may of discovering the manufacturers

C.W. Ful 1 Ingot M or vendors stuttleg

B. 7.

1. Prein m

that metal, which is considered to be American Lead. For their Lordships further to tell information these points I and to transmit

the enclosed Copice of letters from Capt. Revill and Mr. Routh, marked A and B.

that.

After the fullest consideration & enquiries

Car

the Master

be made in this Country, of the Mint submits to their Lordships that

the

187

the Box h. 130 should be repacked with the Lead and the other substances it contained

and in

inclosed in an Outer case with two of the other Roves to afford the

Meanw

of a

comparison, to be consigned at the earliest

order

be supplied, and the investigation completed

that the evidence now.

Opportunity to the Governor of Hong Kong,

wanting may

hara

Offic

the

spot : value of the Lycee Silver abstracted, and to bring the perpetrator of the frand to justice.

so as to recover, if possible, the

I have be

(Sij . 1 Ja. M. Morrison

The Papers transmitted in original

are herewith returned. _

درصد این بازی به شکوری

Hous Comp

Admira

Agent

Board of

Foreig

Office

ར་

Siv

you

Copy.

188

Tuntry's hold hafalgue quare 117 May 1846

I have the hour t'inform

that in compliance with you

directions Ihave been to the Mint and

inspected the treasure bee which contained Lead in lies of Sylee Silver, and am

decidedly of an opinion that the box

but Lead hive contained anything

for

and was prepaud and substituted. the bok which actually did contain the Silver. I should say the box had never been opened after the first time of nailing down until to done at the Minh; judging from the appearance Sir George black Bar =

NEW

House d Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnanc

Treasu

the nail holes in the lower part.

The box is diferently

made

from the others which have their sides

and ends evidently sason pome the same plank, whereas the box containing Lead has its ends vity considerably thicker

than its sides and therefore not cut pom the same plank, the wood of the box is

puch together

in x.

rougher

State, the

all

rope beckets or handles differ pome the others, being of another quality and

much stouter, and the knots of them on

differently formed the inside of the case an from those on the cases containing

Klver.

the.

There au Chinese characters

on the upper inside edge of the

good

boxes, which I consine to be the makeit

name,

substituting the person substitutit

the

189 box of

Lead could not of course see this, and

therefore that box is deficient of these character

I should

mar

вам

hed the good

Say

the painter who. boxes, also marked the

box one, from the peculiar tail of the 1 in OR, and also from the form of the figure

зи 3 it having two sort

line of that figure

upper

horus in the

that figure similar to that in the other 8's _ the Pigs of Lead

3's-

are

covered with fine River Mud, as though

they had been in the bottom of a

One Dig

boat.

is marked Hockley & t·BE, two Dare Dr, Fullar; one Dr_D: L. Lee. and there are three pieces of Rig Lead

without marks. From the Mint Hearn

: that they have taken an opinion on the Lead and it is declared to be American.

name

Board

Offi

House d Commor Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

ffice

Ordnance

Treasur

I have not the leath doubt

but that this pand has been committes.

by Chinese alone, but when and where it is impossible for me to say, being unacquainted with the manner of its first shipment.

I have He,

[ P4 / H. Neville Captain

Lake W. Mr. Strop Serpent ".

Copy

Sir

130

London 13 May 1846.

I have the honor to report to you

that

in conformity to your instructions, I did Imyself the honor of waiting this forenoon. the Rt Hon : Sir G.

"Clerk by whom I was

one

referred to Mr Morrison at the Royal Mint whither I proceeded accordingly to inspect the Rox marked 2:130 lately landed ex AMS " Serpent from China, forming 500 boves of Lycee Lilver received in July last at Canton as the Lirth instalment of Chinese Indemnity)

and which

opened at the Mint was

Lead instead of Lycee.

On a careful

the

being

found to contain

careful examination of the

Boy in question it appears that it differs from the other boxes in the following

particulars.

The box is in many respects of smaller dimensions, the breadth in the inside being 3/4 of an inch narrower, whilst the length is upwards of an inch shorter, and although the outward bulk of the box

apparently, the same as

C.C. Trevelyan lagt.

compared with

some

Boar

hurch

Offic

ве

House d Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boar

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnan

Treasu

some of the Boves this has been effected by

the ends of thicker plank. making Notwithstanding this there still exists a manifest difference in the outward length and breadth of the Bow which

car

only be

ве

ascertained by actual measurement, and which I did by placing the lids of several ou the top of the counterfeit Bor.

The dovetails also are smaller and better fit in, in the other boxes. It is also are marked with

remarkable that they

Chinese Characters on the edges of the Boves

themselves

well as on the lids, whereas

entirely wanting

those characters are entirely

box under comment.

the

It appears to me also that the number on the boy was inserted after it was closed, for the nought at the end of the 130, on the removal of the clamps, is in an e

unfinished

state, which leads me to believe that the

Counterfeit box

was

ready prepared to ship into the place of the true one at some opportune time after the Boves had been placed in the Chop Boat, but that the thief being

of the h . of the box he might thes uncertain of

kaw

191

exchange had left the two last figures of the number blank thus FR 2: 1 _ and filled them up afterwards. I am further inclined to adhere to this supposition from the fact that the two last figures (370) are written in darker ink than the first which would

abh th aby Routh plains that the

asure tras

that they

lead to the surmise that

were

and

recent insertion than the first . The other boxes were all numbered beforehand

instances the clamps convaled many ener

their

the numbers which however

removal were dister My legible.

The cords at the extreme endo also are

stouter

inter and differently manufactured rope.

of stouter

seyed prom Canton

The Box itself does not appear to me

to have been made

it being of a

by the

same Carpenter

slovenly constinction.

hampoo by daily. The box besides is evidently

to in a Chop boat,

ed by, a Boat

old

orre

bearing all the appearance of previous ping to me, the number of nail holes on the edges of

stor"; and that

the Chop bost

the Boy, not corresponding with those in sisting

as well the lid. The Boves in which the Squee The recollects, of

nes, at quand received on that occasion pom the Chinese

commanded

Semple

ad by

of the Cache Government was

fure was also a mate on a

idshipman

new under his Command.

sparked

were all new

House d Commo Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tra

Boar

Foreign

Office

Hon

Ordna

Treas

and had never been used before for any purpose whatever.

The box in question is therefore in

dubious a description that

estimation of so dur

I am convinced

that it

never formed portion of those shipped by this Department, but I am not prepared to state how and where the substitution took place, unless it was

on the transit to the frigate at effected Whampoa and which is not altogether

as I recollect hearing that the boat was several hours reaching

impossible,

asion

occasion

on one

: the ship having got aground, and if any of

the boves were then disturbed it is not improbable the substitution

was

made

then, whilst it remains to be proved whether

the this detention was not premeditated by Chinese boatmen with this object, or whether

it was the result of accident, on the

which points of course it is out

of my

the contrary,

kower to pronounce

pinion.

Letter

I beg respectfully to refer to my to. M. Archer dated Dublin the 7th Instant in which I trust I have entered into sufficient details to prove that every posible precaution

192

was taken by this Department that could that it was perfectly

be resorted to, and that it a

impracticable that the robbery could have

been

effected during the short time in which it was in chaye of the Commissariat. The Lead found in this Box bears the name of two Mercantile houses C.M. Fuller (?? I Stackley &C. B. F. I think that important disclosures might be brought to light if this

lead was returned to China with orders to

Miller to cause

to be mada

Dbl.

to the

enquiry

in Cheira

names of the Mercantile Establishmento and othus who are dealers in lead. It might be thus traced where this lead was sold, by whom it was cold, and also the parties who became the purchasers. This course it is hoped might lead to the discovery of the defrander.

I think it desirable that the bore itself together with the wood which covered the lead to fill the box, was also returned to China, and one or two of the other boxes with a view to their local examination

there

مجمدة

House

Comm

Admiral

Agent

Board of T

Foreign

Office

Offic

Ordn

Trea

there. The wood above referred to is such as neually sold by the Chinese as fireword, and this circumstance, I think tends to prove that the robbers were hatives of China.

It would not be difficult I imagine to find, thro' the Commissariat Compradore Achen at Hong Kong the boatmen in a hose chop boat the treasure was conveyed to the "Castor Frigate,

arifid investigation instituted

and

the part of the Maidarins might clucidate important facts.

In conclusion I trust I may be pardoned for suggesting to you for their Lordships consideration the additional advantage.

and

security which would accrue to the

of future consignments of Treasure by WM Ships, the Captains

Public if in cases

instructed to pass the boves through the

Seales, as they

of ascertaining

come on

board, with a view

that the gross weight of each

correspond with that stated in the Invoice-

I am sensible that this

anangement would

be attended with much delay and trouble,

but

193

but their Lordships will admit that if this course had been purened in the present instance the excess of weight in : the counterfeit bou could not have passed unnoticed, & an immediate investigation

ban and examination of the contents of the Boy would have naturally ensued, which

would most probably have led to the discovery of the thief

and the

the recovery

of the original box, by which the present loss would have been obviated. -

I have be

(Lij. 1 L. Routh Daly

Boa

Offi

Hous Com

Admira

Agent

Board f

Foreig Office

Ord

***

897219/5 903 Hougting

のた凸

59 - 20 May

Sor,

•CEB

2.0

MAL22 1846

194

Treasury Chambers

21 May . 1846.

With reference to your letter

the 5th Instant, I am commanded the Lords Commissioners of Iter Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you,

for the

information of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, that, under the circumstance stated by Governor Sir d. Davis, My.

Lords have not seen reason to

disapprove of the arrangements reported in his dispatch of 24 De Hebmary last, hore of a house for

regarding the

tha

his our residence

and the appropriation of his late

residence for the use

Court.

. Stephen Esq.

for

of the Supreme

Jam, Soi,

они

Your obedient Servous

Calenda

Turc

Offi

h.he.

1627

House Comm

Admiral

Agent

Board of I

Foreign

Office

Off

Ordu

Trea

ung and bestellones The Gr. che, of c

Why my

8960 19/5-

2281

さ

из

100% tingkung

Treasury

Sir.

ECEIVED

MAY 23 1846

Witte

195

Chambers.

25. Mach. 1846.

reference to your

to your letter the 6th Instant, Iam commanded

the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to request that you

will acquaint Mr Secretary Eladstone that My Lords have had under

Consideration the documents therein

forwarded to them, relating

to the

organization of the Police Force

and that, adverting to

the apparently well-forded sérjections,

on the one hand, to a disturation

the rates of pay - between oldand

rewly rulisted members of that Force,

increas

and on the other, to an incr

I. Stephen Log.

ん

he.de.de

of the

Established

House Commo

Admiralt

Agent

oard of T

Foreign

Office

Hon

Offic

Ordna

Established rates of pay in substitution

for

the vested right

right to retiring

to retiring Pension,

Trea

Lords concur in M. Gladstones

that, in accordance with

tion that, in

Suggestion

the recommendation of Sir S. Davis, the original arrangement, detailed

in the report of the Superintendent submitted in the Governor's Despatch of 21st May 1845 (W. 64),

یای /2

whereby

The European Serjcants and

in the service 10 years

Constables "being in

out in the service" will.

and worn out o

become entitled to a

retiring pension

of half their Pay, should be permitted

to remain maltered.

Asney

ards the proposed.

deposit in the "Oriental Bank" of

the

.196

the Finds derived from Superannuation. deductions and Feines, you will observe to Mt Gladstone that, if investment at Interest of the Funds

in question were requisite, it should made in Government, or some other Equivalent Securities, and not with

such Establis luments as the "Oriental

"Bank" ; but as My Lords apprehend

the Pensions could not be made

dependent upon the produce of any

such investiment, but must be

defrayed, veres pectives of that produce, from the General Revenue of the Settlement, it does not appear to - them that, in the present state

separate of the Revenue, disposition of the Police Fries

, any

and

And Lesttellän

The Gr. oh", of course,

Ег

May

27 May

Hous Comi

Admira

Agent

Board of

Foreign Office

Ord

Tro

and deductions, in lien of paying them into the Colonial Treasuryp

would

be rither advantageous or advisable

10487205

C.O. MAY 29 1846

1863 Hongkong 137

Treasury Chambers

28th

May 1846.

Sir,

Jani, Son, Your obedient Servant.

With reference to your

letter

of the

the 21th Instant, dam the Lords Commissiouers of Her, Majestify Treasury to acquaint you,

a commanded

for the

information.

of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, the at my Lords concur in hussufgestion that the Agent Several for Hong Kong should be authorized to pay

the amount

of the Bills for Stationery, ordered by Sir Henry Pottinger for the use of the Government of that Colony,

which were submuilted to the

Secretary of State in the Letter from the Colonial Secretary at Hong Kong

I. Stephen Seq-

de du

House o Common

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Tr

Foreign

Office

Hon

Offic

Ordna

Prea

to Mr. Hope of 2125 Teeby last.

Saur to return the Bills

ам

which accompanied your

dend Lexwelland

The Agut oh ?, of course, be so möhriched?

Lory

letter.

Jam, Sir,

obedient Servant.

Jour

Eelmuely an

汇

901 = # 1125 Houg Horny Chambers 198

میر

شبك

RECEIVED

0.0.

JUNE. 10 1846

every

9th June 1846.

In reply to sowi

Letter dactedl

the 28th Allione I have it in

Ultime

commanel to auguaint You, for

the informection of Mr Secretary

جال

ladstone, that in

with his Recommendtection the

Quels Commissioners of Her Majesty,

have signified to the

Commissioners of Auchits their Authority for the Achmission of such Expenditure

may be incwored by the Government of

Hong Kong in conformity with the Estimates submitted in Governor

Sir J. Davis Despuelch of the 15th

March last. Jam Sir,

Stephen h

your

Er Tandan

obectient.

من اللادخار النادي طن من

Off

House

Commo Admiralty Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Hom

Offic

Ordna

Treas

The Gar. st., of course, be so instücht

16 Juny

Lund Lestellow

میں عربی

Sin

RECEIVED

Rece

1328 HongKong

esery

Chambers

JULY 8 7th July 1846. 199

1846

Snots

ماگ

со

leek anded by the

Cards Commissioners of The Mujeely, Secusury to transmit to You, for

You:

2.-14

4 Jaly 146.

bec/46.

information of the Colonial. Ceretory of State, the enclosed:

Fies of a Communication from the el. 2.6 Letter Cortonaster Generael, doitedt the 29 = Inne /46- (114633

Ultimo, and its Eisclosures, relative

to an Ircher given by the Governo of Hong Kong to deliver the Mearseilles Portion of the English Meits befor

those forwarded via Southampton.

Stephens 27:

Jam Sir,

Your

declient Servant

ler Tourlyan

To House d

Common Admiralty

Agent

ward of Tr

Boa

Foreign

Office

Hom Office

Ordna

Treasu

S. I. Davis

Jer. 1328 #kong

1846

I wanted by JULY

2. Moordown 10

U. Sternen

M. Wawes

Parkurey

.60

7 July 1846-

Lin

200

14 July 146 Stranamit kon herewith the Copy of a

Cafez o falettin

foun

addressed to the Dep. ( direction of the Lords/ sun. of the Freasing entoring a representation from the Post Master General relative wane order вал

giono Jou to the Post-Master in Hong

Shary

to deliver the

Marciller Portion of thin

English Mails beforethou fouvended via Southausen You with observe from

The

Correspondence ammered Wo the Post Mailer Geutó

McGla

leten, that Me Gladstone had declared his mability

Logive any

orders in thei

matter, without

knowing

from jouself the grounds

Board

House d Commo

Admiralty

Agent

ard of Trad

Board

oreigu Office

Ordnanc

asur

of four panedings. ful equally presteeded

fromgiving you ang purine mistuctions_but

Schould wish weeeeive

ал

explanation of the

Насибо

wheek you

isued the Restuctions of

twhich the P. Mh. Geu! complains.

showing

the advantages

which in

заи

in your opinion.

comsterbalanced the sie denton

other.

increase of labour and the

Conveniences of youn

arrangement, and

Sneed

that

seared impeep on you any interference with the couting of a Dept like

Jadept The Port

Office Exxceptranden

asperial Stemporary Energening without previous

incoultation with the Rost

201

Marter Gent. conseams

са

fail to produce irregularits

Funconvenience

rung

House o

Common Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnanc

Preasur

benz genach

روم

замот

my min

من

mmy

that can

the P.O. cones per

be done

♡

9 July

الله

hot Hawes.

See ht. 1146, with this note

it, and tie draft founded

that hole. I reon would understand what good

Post Office, or any

olli (BDepartint. of tie Gortant,

Car

and the

anticipati

thene Officis at this antipodes in

vend de Miren Arnsflared och the Conduct of a for. there, directing or sucourage

without

aschniging

are

heim an offerlinity of answering thie Ger that inch complaints

about to

من زلة

effect of that practise is to provohe ill-humours in the place

to inflict

needless

self-importance

matter in debat

has had an

the for's self-esteem, or to bring hither a one-sided

to protract this contornsy oppertunity of answing

the

ount of t

Will the for

thie complaint.

sitially u minder all the contronding valbriten of die Heret

here Even yet

it needs to be

July 9. Ip

impotent than it usually

than

чтуу

Copy

RECEIVED

"ULY 8

346

In 1328 Akong

To the Right Honorable the Sonds Commissioners of #M's Treasury.

My Sonds

202

I have the honor to bring under the consideration of your Sonaships, Copy of a correspondence, which I have had with the Secretary of State for the Colonies, relative to an order issued by the Governor of thing Long to the postmaster of that Colony, desering him to deliver the Marseilles portion of the mails from

England before that portion which is Grnwarte by way of South am feton, which circunstance the Poshuaster reported to me incidentally in a letter dated the 27th March last festing

of which I also enclose).

With reference to Mr. Stephend letter, I beg to point out to your Lordships that I am not disposed to give any orders, such as he suggests, as it seems to me.

it was

that

only the auty of the Postmaster of Hong Hong to report what I consider avery unnecessary interference on the part of the Governor, with the munte details of the that, if I have Post Office, Service, and

reason to complain of the Postmaster

any

Boar

$706

MRA

Offic

janat

House Commo

Admiralty Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Honie

Ree

Ordnance

Treasury

at all, it is for having neglected to report the circumstance directly, mistead of incidentally .

Steg to add, that as the

bulk of the Official Correspondence is forwarded in the mail via Southampton, in onder to save the expense of the hauses postage through France, I am yet ignorant whether this order of the Governor has not occasioned the delay of the greater part of the public letters.

It will also be obvious to

Your Lordships, that great labor is by

this

ало

as tivo

rangement thrown upon the Officers of the Bost Office at Hong Kong), sorteigs

of one.

have to be gone through instead

(Signed) Shermans

General post office

29th June tab.

Copy

General Post Office

7th June 1846.

Fio

Long

The Postmaster of Hong Kon having reported to this Department, in

letter dated the 27th March, that by a recent order of the Governor, the correspondance from England reaching Hong Kong in the James Hefluer Expre

Marseilles

}

ཨ་ན་

203

Marseilles portion of the mail is delivered before the portion despatched via Southampton

and

considering, such a procceding highly objectionable, as it tenders necessary two Sortings of the same mail, the postnader. General

has felt it his duty to issue instructions to the Postmaster to discontinue this practice; and I am directed by this Lor aship to transmit to you for the

information of twr. Secretary Gladstone Copy of my letter to Mr. Hy laid upon this subject.

Copy

Jii

(Signed) WL Maberly

General Post Office

4. June 1846

With reference to your report. of 27th March last, in which you state "that" by a recent order of the Governor the correspondence prom England teaching Hong Kong in the Marseilles portion of the mail, is delivered before that despatched dia Southampton; I'am directed to acquaint you,

that his Lordship considers, such a proceeding moolving as it does, toa sorkings of the same Mail, highly objectionate

Myland Expre

Ame Long

|...

and

27°C

House Common Admiralty Agent

Foard of Tra

Boa

Foreign

Office

Hom

Office

Ordnai

Treasi

and his Lordship therefore, desires

desires you

will at once discontine this practice, and you will explain for his Lordship's unformation, why you did not report this arcimistance

immed

mediately upon the receipt of the order from the Governor, ustead of introducing to important a matter incidentally in a report upon a separate subject.

Copy

(Sigued, #2Maberly

Drowing Sheet

16. June 1840.

Shave laid before Mh. Secty. Glaxstone your letter of the 9t instant, Enclosing a copy of the Instructions addressed by the Postmaster General to the Postmaster at Hong Kong, to discontuine the practice, which had been adopted in consequence of an order of the Governor, of delivering the correspondence from England reaching Houg, Rong in the Marsailles portion of the smail before that despatched via Southampton .

Mr. Gladstone directs me to request that you would acquaint the Post Master General, that he has no information on the subject pone Sir John Solol ML Maberly

Davis,

}

די

that he presumes, that if the Goverdid male any such order, it was on some ground, which appeared to hunself weighty and sufficient ; and that the order may perhaps bereitunter and insisted upon notwithstanding the contrary

dan directions of the Portmaster General; &am to add, that in the absence of any Report pon the Governor, it is impossible for Mr. Gladstone to forme any decided opinion as

ught to be taken,

ht to be taken; and that this and all similar in convencences would be obviated if the Officer of the Postmarten Gencial would appried the Governon of his

often as such

to what course

intention, as often as

intention Exists,

and

to address any representation to the fortmatte General against any of the legvernors des and would acquaint the Governor with the purport of such representation, because in that case the Governor's defence the complaint would reach this Country simultaneously; the prequent neglect

of this rule in many different Colonies is a source of inconvenience and delay Public Service, which it rests not with the Secretary of State, but with the Postmaster General to oborate.

( Signes, Jar Stephen

to the

House d

Common Admiralty

Agent

Toard of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Ordnanc

Treasur

13375

13.519 24/7.

Sir

RECEIVED

JULY.30 1846

1938 Hong Kong 205

Treasury Chambers

25 July 1846.

With reference to your

letter

of the 30th ultimo, transmitting copy

Sir John Davis Sir John

35. 19 April 46 of a dispatches from

11220)

How : 9-D. Aery : 1946.

with the Financial Returns of the Colony of Hong Kong for the year

March 1846. I am

ending

commanded

the Lads Commissioners

of the Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you. for the information of rat prey,

that due allowance has

already

been

made for the probable produce from

local revenue at

Hong Kong in

the preparation of the parliamentary

1. Stepher Ey

Estimate

Land

Board

Mil

Offic

House d Commor Admiralty

Agent

ard of Trad

Board

Foreign Office

Ordnance

Treasur

1540KongKong

206

Dreasury Chambers

RECEIVES

the

14.66624

JULY.30 1846

29. Wely.

1846.

for the service of that Colony for

and My Loras only

4, with

present year;

deem it necessary to suggest, reference of the

of the contents of this

opportunity

Dispatch, that an early offactivity

should be taken for effecting

reduction in the

the

"Vide

Survey Department "This hot horn

Али

note on Draft

June

J. Dairs. The 50 f

adverted to by Govenor Son J. Davis

Ian Sin

your dedient Servant

ветствия

Mestower

A dispatch

31.

to this effect to be written with Gode of Shlong ? Twith sopus.

July Scher to the God. ofteng Ang in confirmaty with the Lelear from the

.h my

Habout to Lo Grey, culey

the ate

Expand peascale

this foling

then for tothe

Evry herchical Monac

Compleniny.

Minale justly

Out of the adunctions of

Hangking

сал велам

find fund fr

another Fellt

best fuct

ather world.

Goo

9 Aug:

1846.

Sir,

Wille

reference to your

or letter

of the 24th April last, I am commanded by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to request that you

will state to Earl Grey

Mat My Lords have not

7 found.

that the accounts received from Hong Kong wither by the Commisioners of Audit or by the Bootmaster feueral afford any information as to 183 Rupees claimed The Balance of.

Postmaster

Mr Spring, formerly in that Colony; but My Lords, relying on

I. Stephen. Esg.

The statement in Sir

Jolen

House a Commo

Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Honic

Thce

Ordnance

Treasury

I. Darris' Despatch of 16th February No 17.

that Mr Springs Accounts had

been duly Examined and,

1 found correct, and that Sir I. Davis Considered it would be just to direct the refund applied for, are prepared to concur in the authority to that effect, as

ested in your letter.

Me Hower

Aderpated when effect she becnition. Wie God of

двуит

مع

boy 16

Вва

Jams, Sir,

obedient Servant

Your of

سو

(702)

207

House d Commo Admiralty Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign Office

ace

Ordnance

Treasury

15903

154.25.

208

You musting 1600 Hongkong

RECEIVED

AUG. 14

1846

13TEL

bem.

t106

With oference to your

letter of the 29th Ultims, Pano

Cor

anded by the

Lords

Camminpreisen of the Majesty',

aquaint yow forther

сдела

Treasury to information of barl Grey, that the Paymaster fare mat has be

authoined to ifure to M Peter Swith of the Colonial in

Hannes Rof.

the

Wire

7270

House Common Admiralty

Agent

Board of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Home

Office

Ordnance

Treasury

the

f Shilling

༢--ནས་

teen fou

се

سند

arpayment of evansh lodged in the Commifariat Chest at

May last, for

Harry Rang faces on certaines Colonial appointments.

Jours obedient Sewant

ell Mund you

£19.1.

vide amnese

them

га

Sir

209

Strand, London,

19. August 1846

that we have received on

"We have the pleasures to inform/

your.

Accounts for Fees Stamp

Warrant app. Shelley Auditor lyn. Hong Kong £11.5.6

you

Fees on

appt of Hulme, Judge Vidmiralty Court

Peter Smith Esy!

We ar

Sir

at b

7.15.10 19.1.

6.10

Stamp

Your most obedients. Servants,

Couettes C

House d

Commor Admiralty Agent

Board of Tra

Boa

Foreign

!......

Office

Hom

Tace

Ordna

Treas

1604

1001 không lông

RECEIVEL

16.45528

AUG 25 1846

Sir,

-24 Aug:

1046.

رو

Gov

With

210

Treasury Chambers

24th August. 1846.

reference to Mr Hawes letter of the 5th Instant, Jann

by the Lords

commanded

for

Commipioneers of Her Majestyp Treasury to acquaint you, for the sinformation of Earl Grey, that ty Lords have caused their sanction the admission of the Expenditure, consequent upon the separation of the Offices of Judges blerk, and blerk of the Supreme Court in Hong Kong, to be signified to the

Commissioners of Auxit.

Jane,

Stephen lag

Sir

Your obedient Servant.

Almundan

Lan

Board

บาน

MIA

་

House Commo

Admiral

ard of T

Foreign Office

The

MrHawes

Re Gover

Васко перший Popple 20 any.

но

ら

9.025-

1765 Hong Ko

Gov.

22-14 Sept. 1046

Treusions Chambers

RECEIVED

SEP. 8

1846

7 Planter 1846.

With reference to ac

Letter

from Mr Nauves dated this 26th.

Alleine I have it in command

cuqurcient You, for the information

Cavel Grey, that the Lords

miss.

Rissioners of Her Majesty's

Prusury

have not

Lecer

to dissent from his uncletips recommendation that the Expenditiones for constructing Police Station at Hong Kong, acurating to the Estimate submitted in Governor Jer? Davis' Despatch of the 13th June.

last (N=9 ) ) ), should be sanctioned.

Cashew log

Jam Lei

your

let mundan

House d

Commor Admiralty

Acent

rd of Trad

oreign Office

Ordnance

sury

Whe in stude

The God

прито

ني

له

18.0264/9

Goo = 21--12 September 1846

1706 Kong

RECEIVED

Sir,

SEP. 8 1846

Sie

212

Treasury Chambers.

7 Septem

ber. 1846.

to Mr Hawes letter

Раш

of the 26th Ultimo, Iam commanded by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majestip Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Parl

that my

Grey,

Lords have not

seen reason to object to the

proposed sauction for the purchase

In additional Boat

of an

& for

Olie

Harbour Master's Department

Rong

at Hong Rous reported in the

Houf Despatch from Governor Sir J. Davis N. 75. of 17th June forwarded

Botha's Board in M. Hawes

letter.

J. Stephen bey

ん

Sam, Sir,

our obedient Servant

Gour

lib munden

House o Common Admiralty

Agent

rd of Trad

Board

Foreign

Office

Ordnand

easur

M Hlower

Wobe.

The Gorr

Lep 8. B

ني

p.104-2/

213

1820 Hongkong 1 September 1846.

Trensiory Charmed

26-28 Septr 1846

Ser

19.

With reference to ce

Etter

from Mr. Haver daliets the 26th

Alltions I have it in

воб

auquaint You, für.

information of

the

cincts

Earl Grey, that

the Lucs Commissionons of Ur

seen

Majesty's Treasury have not sun

Eeees.

on to object to the Exlimates of Expenditure of the Government of Hong Kong for the Year ending the 31th March 1847, submitted in Governor Soi J. Davis Despatch of the 20th June, with the understanding however that all Excess of Expenditures for the

Public

House o Commor

Admiralty

Agent

yard of Trad

oard

Foreign

Office

Ordnance

sur

тепе

Hundreds

Public Elablishments beyond the Perlicementery Provision of Thirly six Thousand. Pounds twelve Chillings for the Service of the Colony,

will be defreuped from Local Resources, aund that the Governor will hes cautioned that his Draefts on the Commissariat Chestion Account of the Peorlicementery hots core not to exceed the above-

Amount.

You will also observe to Eavel Grey that it has abreadly been determined that the Expencliture for Colonial Buildings and Works at Hong Kong is to be provided for from the Local Revenue and Receipts; but that- as it would appear from the

talements submillect in Sir J.

Davis'

Dewis Despatch of the 13th Chiril last

Surplus of about

214

(N:35) that ce Thirleen Thousand four Hundred. Jonnels, winch might have been appliceuvre. to Public Works in

unces/propriated

the Year. 1845-6, had remained. tenasprotricited, My Luds do not apsouhend that there is any objection to such Surplus being considered as perts of the Ways and Mecens of the Governments for meeting the Expenditure for Works abrindly lavere's or contemplated during the present. Yeur.

suggest

You will further to Lord Grey that Governor Sir J.

Davis would seem to have

misunderstood the intention

the Secretary of States Isbuuctions

as reports the poriod at whichs the Commusel Eelincels for the Service of the Colonicel Government.

should

есе

στι

the 1 of

Tho Craft.

Mouse d Commor Admiralty Agent

bard of Tray

Boar

Foreign Office

Ordnan

should, be brought under the Consideration of the Local Council, and forwarded for the Consideration

of Her Majestess Governement; and Seat if the Colonieel Financial

Year is to conu

reasu

Ahris, the Extinceles should be submitted to the Courriel before the expirection of the previous Months of September, and not as

in the instance of those now questions in the subsequent Mouth of June.." (iz

се

18.105. 15/11

15tch.

་

Ev. Hawes

presume that this she be made the basis

con Instinction to the Gert.?

منى

Sew-

Your obeclient See

Lebrundian

(1649)

You - 27-29 Sept: _4846

Shir

letter

1842 HongKong Treasury Chambers.

18th September. 184 6.

215

With reference to Mr Hawess

- of the 26th Ultions,

2 6 the Ultions, respecting

the construction of Tanks

and other

Works in the town of Victoriae, Houf

Rong,

Даш

am commanded by the

он

buy

Lor do Commiss covers of Her Majes tip Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Grey,

that, subject to the observations in the letter from this Department of 14 Instant respecting the means defraying Expenditure for Colonial Works at Hong Kong, My Lords пухватно have not seen's reason to dipent

from the opinion signified by his Lordship that inte exccution of the Warks specified in the Estimate and

the report subunit in Governor Sir J. Davis Despatch. No 70 of 10th June last

Should be sanctioned.

Stephen Say

Sam, Sir, Your obedient Servant

GJ Pennington

With

Ord

shuched?

40 Sep. Mr. Hawes

The Gr.ch"; of

course

"House" Comme

Admiral

Agent

ard of T

oreign Office

18.623 15/9

No ?

Sir,

SEP 19

дара

1844 HongKong

Treasury

Chambers.

18 September. 1846.

216

to Mr Haveś

reference to Mr

With reference

the 2 nd Instant respecting

letter of the

the arrangements proposed for suppression of Piracy

the

which has become

prevalent in the neighbourhood of Hong Kong, dam commanded by The Lords Commisioners of ever Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Grey, that, on adverting to all the circum Stances detailed in the correspondence therem submitted to this Board,

My Lords are not prepared to withhold

the sanction recommended

Earl Grey for the proceedings reported 66-28 ! 1645/46 in Sir J. Davis' Despatch of 5th Jane

last, provided the notification of

that

J. Stephen Seg.

House Commo

Admiral:

Agent

ard of T

Foreign

Office

Ordn

That sauction to Sir J. Davis is

accompanied

the further

direction and cantion against

additional Expenditure

mentioned in Mr. Hawe's letter.

Iam, Sin,

ar obedient Servant.

Your

GJ Pennington

-- ---E =

217

dese. Id. Hawes

The Zw.ch', of

course

be so mishuchid?

House

Common Admirali

Agent

ird of frad

Board

oreign

Office

Ordnance

Freasury

5289-15

APP

File to you:

34.8 Oct.

#2 19

1845 Hongkong

Chambers

Treasury

18th September 1846.

218

Witts reference to Mr Hauves

Jam

Letter of the 28th Uttions I com

con

cended by the Lords Commissioners of Ther Majestys

Treasury

to augudent You, for

Earl Grey,

the information

that My Levels concur in the proposed Cuttiority to Governor

to co

Sir J. Davis to

ence the

cration of the Church at Hong Kong

according to the Estimate submitted in his Despalets of

to-ug? 1427 the 22th May lasts, on receiving

sactiofectory Assurance that one third of the Expence will be

provided

15000

House Comm

Admiral

Agent

ard of T

providest by privates Subscription,

and to defray the remaining

two

thirds from the Colonial Treunory.

oreign

Office

Ordi

The Gir. sh? of course, he is withichd

19. teh. Mr. Hawes

Сег

Jer,

your obeclient Servi

Pennington

157

0.228

RECEIVα SEP-19. 1846

Trensevry

me to for. 29.

1 October 1846

1047 Hongkong 219

hambers

108 Peptember 1846.

Jenn

сог

leet by the

Leds Commissioners of Her Meijeti ; Treasury to trees mit & You the inclosed Extrent from

ication of the Commisér

Customs, dacted the 11th Inte

together with Copy of the Supplement (. N° 18' to the List of British Copyright Books, and I can to request that you will lay the same before. Earl Goren and move his Lielship to couver

ссии

the Communication them in

suggested to be male to the

Governor

Their Loog

Hous Comn

Admira

gent

ard of

Foreig

Office

Ord

Governor of Hong Kong in the

proposed

your

Letter

End

to this Department of the 28. July

last.

Jam

* Пассовыми

Tas 1847 H. Kny

29-

220

Newhamn his When Davis Wr

ढ

your obrelients Tent

18461

marded by pas

Mudik 28

بلا

bet 1941.

11046

With reference 25mm.

w's Deck: of 2 dubtart h

nit

fuit, for pur

Pennington

All tint is to be done is to con

those pasion. to the Jud. of drugshage

W cv Vz

/32

lofpof

accomm

pidance,

вору

Books,

this Draft arm of the Supplement timis it for Lofrey's Syrition (hoses) to the List close in std apprette days Bribert Copyright Brothe

й Сах

shḍ

In Two letter 1847

18 Sept 1846

which has been found

Ette Connismen & F. Mi lustimes.

Hou

Com

Admin

Agen

oard of

Fore

Offic

In 1847 Hongkong

221

Extract of Letter from & Scovell Esque dated Custom House 11. September 1840.

I have it in command, with reference to your letter of the titteltinio,

directing that any information it may " appear necessary to furnish to Governors of Colonies should be submitted to the Londs of the Treasury, to haummit herewith

5 topics of the Supplement to the List of British Copyright Works M. 18. published last month; and I am to signify the request of the Board, that then Lordship's will be pleased to give the necessary directions in order that the same may be forwarded to this Excellency the Governor of Hong Kong

as requested.

་་།

79,228

18.2011

SEP 21

446

1993 trong Kong

Treasury Chambers.

10. September. 1846.

222

เ

Eshack

Gov.

28-30 Sept/46

Jam

Ла

a oled

by the

Lords Commissioners of Her

Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Parl

that My Lords have not

Grey,

seen reason to diff out from the authority which his Lordslich proposes to convey to Governor Sir

J. Davis for the formation the road referred to in the

of the

No 73 sf 152. despatch of 15 to June last, forward.

ref.

ed in Air & aweśletter

27th Ultimo.

I. Stephen by

Jam, Sir,

of the

Your obedient Servant

GJ Pennington

Hous Comm

Admira

Agent

ard of

Foreig Office

The God. sh", of course, be to mistinctio

21 Sef. Dr. Stawes

216

1964 19.8032% 19. Many More

Agent mir! 15 Jet 746

Gooi

36-18 och 46.

RECEIVED

Vir,

SEP 29 1846

Treasury

223

Chambers.

28th September. 1946.

reply to your letter of the

18th Instant,

Iam

commanded

by the Lords Commisioners of Ster. Majesty's Treasury to acquaint

you, for the information of Parl Grey, that their Lordships concer

in his Lordships recommendation that the proposed Expenditure,

for clothing for the service of The Police Department in Hong Kong, should be authorized

ваш

Sir,

our chedient Servant.

Your

1. Stephen Pay.

GJ Vonnington

Adu

Age

jard

دار شاخ

ΟΥ

Off

21 bef. Dr. Hawes

The Agent sh., of course,

be mithunched

18.254

9/10.

Sir

RECEIVED

OCT. 3

1846

1215 Hon

Treasury

phong hàng

Chambers

18th October 1846.

With refere

224

eference to the Secutory

of Statis letter of the 28th August last upon the subject of Superannuation Allowances of bint Servants at Hong Kong. I am commanded. by the Lads Countensionses of the Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you for the information of lack grey,

асди

that it appears to My lord's but pist

to those of

the

just

offers of bint Service at Thing Thong who have signified 1. Jakten logee

their

2270

" 3%=exq3

Hous Comn

Admira

Agent

hard of

Foreig

Office

Ord

their desire to avail themselves.

the benefits afforded by the

hr. visions

that

they

of the Act 445 M. 4. C24,

should be allowed the

advantage of their choice.

Lords therefore propose that they

thould be allowed to make the

contributions from their Salaries

prescribed by the Fret, in order

that on their retirement

Service under any

the

from of the circumstacces

contemplated in it's provisions, this Board may be enabled to consider

their clans for Retiring Allowances.

In order to entitle them to

225

this advantage, it will be necessary

that the deductions should date

from the period of their pist Entering the service, and thence - -forward be contoured quarterly,

the receipts of the parties

of the parties in each

Case

pecifying

the deductions made.

There are two individuals who

have signified their assent to the proposition submitted to them bes the Governor, upon whose cases their Landships thuit it necessary to make Recial observation

کن

First. The Attorney General

Say, Londs are not aware whether

or not this officer is allowed to in private

engage

tractive. If he be, it

would

Hou Com

Admin

Agen

ard of

orc

Offic

would not be consistent with the

Rules, under which Superannoration

226

retirement from the Post Office at

Hong Kong may

here after come

Allowances are

granted; to consider

before

this Board.

him admissible as a Claimant

for that brivilege Secondly.

Mr. G. A. Trotter

who has liquified his assent "assuming

відні

that the line be kived in the

London Post Office will be allowed him "

This officer

should be informed that,

under the circumstances

아

his

appointment, such period of

his

service in the Post Office as would

him a claim to a retired

have given allowance, if

he had remained in

this Country, with undoubtedl's he

considered when his clanie to

etirement

In conclusion, I am to request

that

you

will point out to Earl

Grey that although, under the peculiar

arcumstances of

If the Colony of

Hong Kong, Say Lads care

the first instance,

give

were

willing, in

to the Civil officers krving

there

the option of availing themselves, on not, of the terms of Retiring Ausions as Laid down in the bet referred

ed t

it is obviously inextedient to contine a divided practise on the subject;

and that

you

will state to his

dadskip the opinion of this Board

that

Hou

Com

Admin

Agent

rd of

Forei

Offic

that it will be desirable to under

it miperative

may

on all parties who

be hereafter admitted to the

I ain't service that they should

contribute

from

their Salaries to the

Superannuation Fund in the

proportions prescribed by the Act,

in order that when, from age informity, they become unfit for

Guilter service, their canis for

227

Retiring

Pensions may may

be considered.

Jam Si

your dedunt Servant

Calfund you

Hot

Com

Admi

Agen

Board of

Ford

Offi

44 81

Mr. Bawer

to Uher Ger.

be made the basis of a dupalih

лов

من

16359 3

در

1210 không đông

RECEFFER

C.D.

OCT. 14 1846

Treasury Chamber

13 October 1846-

228

With

reference to

to your

letter,

dated 5th August last, and its Enclosures,

am conuuanded by the Lords

4 by

the Lords Commissioner

of ther Majesty's Preasury to acquainte,

you,

for the information of Earl Greys, that My/ Lords have considered the Dispatch of The Governor of Hong Kong, respecting the

Clain

of Mr. Spring for Campervations for

hii Services

acting Postmaster

ай сел

occasions for. Hong Kong

that in a

are

quite

My Lords Colony) to recently

Hong Kong, cremesitance

in which the usual rules

on two

avvare)

Established

arive,

may

ceveral rules as to the

reaueneration of public. Servents must

receives modification

270

you.

and in that posit

rigenie Hawer Exp. Mr. P..

де

House o Common Admiralis

Agent

Mrd of Trad

Foreign Office

Ordnand

asu

229

of view are ready to Mr. Spring-

to Sauctions & gratuity/

they cameots, however, admit that

there, is any

clain on his part for

retrospective payment

on account of Services

temporary.

which ice their Nature were

and for which he has received the enviral

reucneration

amount of remuner.

curation. Neither does

it appear that

any sufficient ground

is laid for imposing, upon the Government

which accrued to her from

and therefore sanction a br

a bratuity of

£ 200. Two Hundred Vounds to that Grutlemens. 送200.

I have the honor to be

Seri

Your obedient Servant-

نوس

the

lof

Outfit in the

way of

Furniture, at all

Events to the account recommendeds

commended by

The Governor-

Nevertheliffs, My Lords, from

and character

a consideration of the good

and

of Mr. Spring,

palous Services of

unwilling to adhere

امت free

rigidly

of the public Service

لعب

to the escal

on this occasion,

auds.

16877.

hure

Mi Off

House o

Commo

Admiralis

Agent

bard of Ti

Boa

Foreign

Office

21.167

be so

город му

inf

вс

ཥ----

happy to You: 37.

87-25

Seri

1846

1259

204 không dùng

Treasury Chamber

I am comme

15th October 1846

230

སྙ

The Lords

Commission of Her Majesty's Treasury

to trawiwit herewith a

Copy of

a letter

from the Vostmaster General, dated 10th Euxtant, and of its Enclosured, requesting

authority for the Totemaster at Stong kong

to obtacie

legal

advice in the Colony whee

userspary, and I am to request

Earl Grey

Love

to cause thes

you

will

instructions to be communicated to the

Attorney Grural at Hong Kong to aid: the Vostmaster by affording him legal advice

His Lordship.

woteer.

422

versary, unles

any

objection to the course suggested

by The Postmaster General

Janne Stephen Reg.

(

I have the honor to be

Seri

obedient Servant.

evrundam

Hous Comp

Admira

ent

ird of

oreig

Office

231

Agent

Admiralty Commor

House o

ard of Tra

Office

Foreign

Boa

Ordna

reas

those of the local Attorney find, we the questions. I w. add that, under such arcumstances, the God. mus? of course consider hinisits at liberty to portfore complying with his ampliance with this dushuchon watil his receipt of further dinchins if there she seem to hire any objections who had not presented itself

Jury to the serohosed lower se of prounding.

& hard

wo. then sand to thin

dus înctions so adiussur adiesser to the Ger.

Oct. 17. Jugen

видел

ird.

Anasing a copy of the

I think it unndursable to repert to the God any object in on the pround of the instruct being zven in thout a shrevious report from the ! it inst therefore only of Mr Stephen't proposed communicat

Virny

beade

Izhmartie

often

he desires.

to obtains the openine of

My przy

Law

Attering Goud of this labe

Oublie fervice, his profer course is arising

that hauch of

hind the Zur) to obtain the

apimine,

which

Gul to give

this God will always

2 A

mishit the

branch

ण

Ger's admin, the Postmartin of they thong

вул за други

propria to Hit Attorn

to be a proper question. Aschner to hand (thie Jord) not

stop here

without the benefor the and injudicions such a question.

anavoida

His dushneth

five add that

Mymy

दृ

under the woher of the Postmaitii Zeneral

Englund, and

having their deprived

Curry

Sen Gede of Une offerrtunity. of reporting, at thi

Jame line,

on views

his

४

16B6. Zd. Haver

237

Govern Sie I. Dairs.

25 72.

15 octiter 1046.

Sir,

232

970 POST

I hausmit to you

the copy of

heciat

to the Port Master of Hono of peenishing legal advice 17 the Treasury on the subject

Secretary to the Lords forms :

reclosures pom the Afistant

a Letter with it's

Kong

to uiform and I have to

wistent. aistract you

кури

год

that as Mon

Post Master of that Colorey

по

be chall

Whorley Genral on

Alsire the opinion of the

ally

the Post Office Dept

question of Law arising in

his

proper course will be to

to you

Main

apply to Mace such spicicon,

Add

Bard

aundingly

which you will always

you

direct the Attincey General to furnish as a brauch of

permish

his public duty unlep it

should appear to you to be proper question

propuse to that Officer.

Ser.

I heees.

noh

6.Narfub C.E Frecely auf.

I have laid your

Letter, of the 15 mistant with it's suclosures before Earl Grey, and I am directed My his dishich to tausmit to you, for the reformation ytte Lewd. (mour. yfter Freamry, the copy of a empatch which

233

be has accused to th..

Governor of Hong Kong instructing

hich as hien

the course which should be adopted for supplying legal advice to the But Mader of the Clary

Port

Я клие

House Commo Admiralt

عنده ساره

Agent

ard of T

Foreign Office

Ordn

Tre

Copy

00.

18-702

Th 1259 Kay Kory

234

To the Night Honorable the Lords Commisscorices of Her Majesty's Treasury.

My Lord

In submitting to your Sortships the accompanying Copy of a letter from the postmaster of Hong Pong, I beg to state that I conceive the application made in it, to be a reasonable one ; and I request therefore, that you

will be pleased to sauction his obtaining legal advice in the Colony, in those cases of Emergency

which will

not admit of the delay that must take place before reference could be made to

this Departures,

(Signed) (lanricarde

General Post Office

10. Act 1800

5),

Adn

card

Copy

Seri

have

Post Office, Victoria .

oh July

1846)

They to report that cases

arsen in reference to post Office matters, in which I have had occasion

to seek legal advice.

The Monos able

the Attorney General has hitherto

aided me in this respect; but in a

recent interview, that

ал

gave sue to understand, that he did not consider humise lf, called upon to interfere in Post Office matters.

hing at the live that

Looking

must necessarily elapse, before I could report home, and obtain instructions

lesson any

case involving a Legal question, Shumbly submit that it is very desirable the Office should have the benefit of Legal

of emergencys and I therefore pust the matter may

advice on the spot in cases

Lt Col maberley

}

be viewed as claiming the early.

of the foot master general.

235

attention

Signed, Thomas Hyland?

2704

VA Offi

House

Comm Admiral

Agent

Erd of

Foreign

Office

21804.

21,167

42-6 Maqui

Ino y

1303.

Hong

20/10 lại 100 Đảng đông.

1846

Samsung Chambers Јасанну

28th October 1846.

236

I ave

commanded.

anded by

the

Lords

and

Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to transmit herewith further Queries Observations of the Commissioners of

the Account of the Colonial

Hong Kong forer 12th to 30th June 1845, aut

Audit Incasuner at

April 1844.

I am to request that

you

more Earl Grey to cause

will

the same

to be forwarded to the Colonial Excasuver

Kong

dụng động

Save

Your Obedient Comment Abhandan

Stephen by

&c.

******

House

Comm

Admiral

Agent

ard of I

Foreign

Office

Ordn

1424

Fo the Gourm

communicated to the

Outing Bit

Treas: 1803 Hong Kong

237

M42.

Daris.

16. Niels

MBB?

17646

Forwamely Nov

ہو

M. Stephen &

MR Hawes 6

Earl Grey &

8. Fundary better

:28bet ~46

I have the hover to transmit the accompanying

to gon

Queries and Abnuations

of the Commissions of

Audit in this Coun

Country

си

шу

the Ruounch of the Corial

hof

Seasurer at Hong Hong

from the 12

April 1844 to

30 Juve 1045- and there to

Чериков

spush you will frownd

Y.A

Hous Comm

Admir

Agent

Board of

Foreig Office

Ord

this document to the

headwred in order that

mish the

be say furnish

Answers and explanations

acquired by the Commupes :

Shov

22.134

Copy to Gor: 45-19 ha746.

7/11

RECEIVED

NOV. 11 1846

1427. Boughong

Preasury

Chambers

10th November 1846.

238

Sin

Lords

I am commanded

to gor

the

Luas Commissioners of Her Majestys Treasing to hausmit to accompanying Extracts prou a Report

you

of the Commissioners of Fundit, dated 22 celtinis, on the subject

charged

in the Accounti

various

of the deting

Treasurer at Hong Kong in respect of

Law Explucces incurred

by the Attorney

for

Stephen

House Comm

Admiral

Agent

pard of T

Foreign

Office

Hon

Offic

Ordna

Trea

for the Gown. And I am to request

that

you

will move Earl grey to give

be necessary the fees paid to the of Official functionscies in the cases referred to ; miless his Ladship should think it necessary to require a previous Explanation from the Gournon of Bong Kong.

such instructions as may be nee for the retion

Jan Sir

your obedient

your

Sewant

A munduan

239

Extracts of Report of Commissionces

of Audit, dated 22. Retoler 182b.

"He beg leave to represent sto

your Lordships, that in the Account of the

the Acting Treasurer at Hong Kong for Quarter from 1r July to 30. September 1845, there is a charge of 339 Dollars, equal to 3.70.12.6 Sterling, for Law Expenses incurred by the Attorney for the Crown, in an Action against M. Can the Editor of the Friend of China Newspaper, for Libel.

Independently of the question which prst presents itself, whether the repent in question has been preported for your Lordships sauction, - a point upon which we are not-

informed; we beg leave to observe that amongst the various charges there are the following, naviely

Sherriffs Fees ---

ed.....

42 Dollars

1-50

Deputy Sherriffs -62- Attorney General's " Chief Magishates &

Certificate

Fassing Costs.

کالم

Your Lordships in your Monate

1097

چاہے

Hous Comm

Admira

Agent

ard f

Foreig

Office

of the 5. December 1879, aesired that it might be under 1000, that the Sase of Salaries settled for the Officers on the establishment. at Hong Kong, should represent the full extent of their Emoluments, and that they should not derive any further incidental advantages of any kind, arising from their Official situations; and

· and we may remark that a sum of 400. Collars paid in October 1844, to the Attorney General for informations drawn up by subsequently refunded under instructions from the Colonial Secretary of State of the 14 February 1845, by which it was directed that the amount of any Fees paid to the Attorney General, from the public Treasury

on account of Government Business, should be repaid

by him.

him, was,

He likewise beg leave to to port to your Lordships that in the account of

Disbursements incurred in the department of the Superintendent of Trade for the Quarks to 30t Sune 1845, there is a Charge of $176. 2450: for Law lxpenses incurred

Action of the frown aganist Deuts

in an

and

and others, in which is included

240

Charge of $50 for Counsels Fee, and also several charges for Fees to public Funstionaries namely,

Registrar for Summons

Sherriff for serving

Judge's Order Fading Costs

do.

Com

1 Dollar

Registrar for Searches

Therrift for severing Subpanas - 5 Subpoenas on the 5 defendants.8.50 Cents

We presume that in this case also, the Attorney General acted as Crown Counsel

and we think it proper for the reasons already stated, to submit there Charges also to you

to your Lordships.

Hous Com

Admira

Agent

ard of

Foreig Office

Ord

13/

Expence _ the adminally having undertaken to se vride für di

Mr. Hawis

to wh.

The action the Colonial Treasing

U sance is here made was, of Sie Tho. Cochrane, the Add val as The hain

I think, that

been

Enfuct of

exonnak?,

ہا

вырожд

to the same

to pe

concler corly

جيها

still it comes

are

thing, for the British

the miny

were ordend le des beat

& the proceedings aut & for all der vices

rendend to that found the valeries of these

Offens

an a sci

pt in full. Com-

=sequently I wish that there

can be ho reason

Wehrend Have Fee

ior 11.

The

refined to thing

why they

Candit - Des. 5. 1843 -

241

Gwernn

hus

17 Nomul

Sir J. Davis .

Sir.

Forwardul Som 16.

MR go

MESIN kom 10 MiMovers | 76

10 Novr

I hausmit to you

herewith the copy of a

a Letter

from the Apistant Secretary

to the Lowes Commissio. < =

of the Treasury reclosing bxtracts from a Report of

the formmissioners of Nudit

this subject of

27.7

certanie

charges which appear in the accounts of the Acting

for

Treasurer of Hong Kong

Law expenses incurred by the Attorney Jutta Crown

in that Colony in me action

brought

- against the Exciter ytte "Friend of China Recospaper for dibel : and in precescaccer

of the evacuement Heat Min

House Comm Admiral

མ ག གནས

Agent

ard of

Foreign Office

Ordr

other Cuil Establishment of

Hong

King should not receive

my incidental advantages

any

beyond

their fixed Salaries

I have to wishuct you

Carry

into offset their Ludrtups

tie

decoctions for procuring

return of the fees paid

the Officers mentioned in

their Letter.

от

22/2

$189 1/2

RECEIVE

C.D.

DEC. 4

1840

1641. Bong Kong.

Treasury Chamber

3 December 1846.

212

✓

No 53-12 Deep 46.

Copy of Beckums to Yor

With reference to your communication

of the 17th September last,

on the subject

of the amalgamation of the Officer of

Авечет

otary

and Auditor Several at Hong

Kong, I am

commanded

The Lords

Emmissioner of Her Majesty's Preasing

fo transmit herewith

洲

#hptr 1846 -

extract-

Extract of a

사

Report from the Commits of Audit,

relative to the performance, after the Union of the Officer, of the Duties

drooling

am to

on the Auditor, and I

request that, in submitting

Same to Earb

the

Earl Grey, you will suggests

Jan Arphand bag.

де

to His Lordship that the Governor

should be instrucated) to caution the

party

who

may

be intrusted with

the joint duties, &gainst any revisen of

on the points adverted to by the

Commiferiver -

Save Shri

амо

Your obedient Servant-

Abulug

реп

John Davis.

Forwardedby

346

FRCAM

Mr. Jo love

M&Stephen J MR Hawes

Earl Grey

Freak 16411. Hong Kong.

Treasury letter & Deerkt

وہی

12 Dec/46.

243

On the 171 of Sifft br

Storing referred the

tary and

Subyech of the amalgation of the Offices of Secuting Auditor General it Hory

вылу

Hony for the consideration

of the Lass Commisss: of

Я почв

the Tussary. Shans mich für

your riformation

Lase

and

what their hardshift hand

Entrich of

ви

Communicated to me

of a

to their them

e to

Report addrefere

Sonashapes by the Coming

for Auditing the Public Aucunt

здат

and Share to ausbruch to

En will

Contion the Officer also

May be extrestest with

the joinch duties agonish

the

any demissness on points adrested to by

the

Commissioners of Audit

Shave

In 1641. Hong Kong

214

Extract from Report of Commin - Ausit dated

28 Septr. 1846.

In respect of any modification of the Auditor's present Regulations,

the event of the Departments of the

and

Secretary and

Auditor ber

being combined,

any change

it does not appear to us that

in the existing distructions would be

necessary.

The Secretary, in his capacity of Auditor, should require the production

with the accounts of all documents and autioties prescribed

by the

Instructions, although, from his position

вет

Secretary, not himself ston ding in

need of the reinformation which might

245

and in

every

other respect

check ufor them in his capacity of

Auditor.

be wanting

he should also follow the course

proceeding pointed out by the distructions.

It will be for your

to decide what weight may

Indships

attach to

arry objection which as Auditors

cannot but entertain, to the amalgamation of the duties of Anditor of a Colony with those of Secretary, an Executive

officer who has to

carry

out the orders

of the Government, for although the

duties of the one and the otter office

may

not be incompatible, cases

may

certamily arise wherein, in consequence

of the

the immucdiate participation of the Semetary in the Acto

the Government

b1⁄2 might omit to Exercise a proper

For

Off

[

The

Pd. Hawes

rh?

course,

aishache.

6134

30 Dev Cost.

Deeps to for 30.

18/12.

lis

the 10

1710 Honey How y

RESENTED DEC. 23

1640

гер

Treasury Chambers

21th December 1846.

In reply to your

nistant,

letter of

246

I am commanded

by the Lands Commissioners of Her

that

Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Grey, My lads concur in opinion with his ! Indship that the grant of the gratents

50 dollars to the Widow of Police Constable Arter, reported in the despatet

James Stephen Expe

fc..

ке

لها

Bard!

of Governor Sir John Dan's, to 117. of

281 September 1846, should be

sanctioned.

•

дил

Mr. Dawes

So hit

inch

лу

I am Sin

your obedient Lis..

lel Munduan

Liv

16.121 음

30 Dear

Gov.

Desp to

Ser

1709. Hong Hone

Treasury Chamber

DEC.23

1846

gay

214 December 1846-

With reference to

247

your

letter,

dated 10th Sestant, I aux commanded:

by the Lords Commissminer of thei Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you,

for the information of Earl Grey,

that

My Lords concur in this Lordshipér recommendation that the expenditure

for preparing the Sitiv

the news

(hurch and Government Building at Hong Kong, according to the Estimate submitted in Sir J. Davis' Despatch

Samer Stephen Wegf.

مل

23 Dev

23 Den

hd. Hawes

sche Zu. ich? be so informed?

5.25/

of 2nd

" Septruber last, should be

Sauctioned

I am, Sir,

Your obedient Servant.

lab mundu

16132

18/12

Desp tolpir 30 Deer Wost

На

VECI

DEC.24

1846

1714 Bong Kong

Treasury

Chambers

23. December 1846.

248

The Loss Commissioners of

Her Majestigs Treasury having had

under their consideration

your

letter

of the 10th instant. hausmitting chies of two despatches pour the Governor of Hong Kong, with fland and Estimates

for the construction Raad between Into

ба

a new line of

Intern and Samley, I by their Lordships

Am commanded

Jances Stephen Erque.

ке

Treas

to acquaint you, for the informations

Lords

of Earl Grey, that by Lwas have not

seen reason to object to the sanction

recommented

his Ladship for

the Expenditure for the alteration and

reconstruction

of the Road in question,

for the Br

aut

Jor

Briage

news

the fish.

place, as

thecified

ノ

named

in the Estimates

which accompanies Sir. J. Davies's

despatcts of 7 April 1846 - And

which the subsequent despatial of

вер

22. Seps^. last has reference.

་་

Ian Sis

249

your

obedient Servant.

leb hunden

до

صدق

W Ha

неле

The Gove.

should of couse

enshueled

24 De

9.24/

Treasury

Affice

་་་་། སྙ

10.

250

Treasury

War

Office

√ Grotiughing

18056

Ans

26.

May 146.

Sir

RECEIVED

MAY. 16 1846

War Office,

231

15 May 1846

Major William (anie, of the Mattached List having applied for permission to receive his Stalf Pay together with his Income as Chief Magistrate at Victoria, Hongkong, I have the Secretary,

at War's directions to request

the Salary

that.

you will

equaint me with the Annual Amount and Emoluments of this Civil Situation, and the date of his appointment

thereto.

I have the honor to be,

Sir

Your most obedient

humble Servant,

Sabian

Stephen Esp. Colonial Office

Treasu

I is the answer in print

fact to this

Bast

ajor Cavice

вмест

appointed & mag

1200 a year - His fees for 1844 were,

Karch 10

The

informed

Course

se, be so

ARG. 21

my 2

1844 ala.

14.5/

"Hell

Salary

when. His Majesty's Service.

Aeption Ey

사

olonial offe

War Office.

thed

برو

955.4Kay.

232

1. Salvindas

1846

rwarded by MAY RecDock 23 VAStephen 23

Lord Lyttelton 23

dalone! 25

por

Sin,

S 20. My 1846

String herligen

Jun Letter otte 15t Intent Sandwicht

в bacquent Im

ups,

for the information the Suntingat War,

that Major Wellin

Came

was

appinta

Chief Magistrate at

Hongking wither

1844

ава

Salony oh 1200 ayer,

صبح سویس

姜

Treasu

and that the Desi

of the Office

amounted

in the Gear 1844 f

£33-14-52.

N100 750 1466 Hong Hong

And L 8 Dec : 146.

کار

RDC

EIVED

C.D.

NOV. 17 1346

Wain

253

16 was

With referen

kompletter ofthe 17 Sept

1844, relative to the soldiers discharged pom the 98 mmt, so the

презид

purpose of being eat at

in the Police

Hong Kong, dan

dicted to send

Paper stuwing

クス

12.

ducision otte Commissione,

ہے

of Chelsea Hospital apon the several claims

ofthe Mon; and

question has

tee

the

raised, whether

Men & whoni Pension,

have been assigend

should receive

while ther

원

Stephen

Cocorial Offic

Ben

are

Serving

For

蛋麵

Off

254

the Police, damdir

& the Lureting at to state, thal,

War

with

sien openabling

the

LIST of INVALIDS à ferned & in Mr Monel J. then to leather, 446

keine Regiments

on the forng

ирт

I duide apren se would be glad to faired with ang.

observations,

reprence to the term приели

upon which the

прт

For

was established; Sha

Carthy mas

sink

harfe to seieich sin

Gener

Chlwan

NAMES

Rate of Pension

ho claim

Anderson

William

Athent Ballard

The claims

Lethe

Jamiche Belker

James

Coulter

David

Con

George Derrington

Henry

Lamet

Hamilton Patrick

John

ham Dicker

1.5

Fullam

Ausgett

Patrick Hussey

Welham

Eulis

To chainf

Robert

Little

〃

Will"

Low

را

| Peter

Mc Cabe

to claim claim

Dennit McCarthy

Lapet Mbrary

MHeren

samet

terry, Mc Klenten Joseph Malison

Maloney Marcety Monaghan

Micha Mal South Newey, conathan Parker Lomal Perthion

To claim

claim

dainf

claim

to claron to claim

•

Regiments

NAMES

Rate of Pension

за

98 bet Willem Patterson

Mech Ryan, whine Olgen Wilham

Migh

sames

Komol

па

win

Tanckaberry

Warner Wellon

Wilhamk Writt

10.

taim

no cla

no clain.

Av C

100750

255

Tre

Mr. Hawes

: insperse the object of this Letter it to oblaid informations usfucting the terms on which this Fores

readily farmis had

was enrolled

27 hot.

вн

that informations

Chr

ntered

1. Sulivan Ge

Forwarded by

Mr. Jadis M&Stephen 3 M&Hawes

Earl Grey 14

31-6 Sept 744.

1466.

256

8 Dec746

With reference to your

Weller of the 16 Wetto Sam Post deinted by East Gary

66-

transmit to you for the

enformabon of the Secretary

at war the

Copy of

Bespratile addressed by

daily Hughes

hid Lordship to the Governor

of Horry Horry respecting the formation of a Blick done, frone which the Sunstargah

Can will barn that the Soldiers discharged from the

thance

Treasury

90 Rugh.

were

e not to ment

the Pensions to which they

might be cutible dt until

they

had ceased to be

employed in the Bice

Joue

Shove

;

Land Bheard

ал

257

Land

Boardi

Treasu

Land Board

}

258

200 Hongkong

RECEIVED

FEB. 5

Lin

Colonial Land thuigation office,

16th February 1846.

draft much

With

reference to

Jour letter

of the 1th of November lath, we

eep 97410 July 45

have

the

horon

to state

that

[1865)

21=

have considered

therein

of stong Kong reporting

the Despate's suclosed from this fovernor

the circumstances

живет

which

had sold r

location

to the people called Fokien at the

average price of Lands, nistead of

exposing them

to general competition

James Stephen Ins

从

анд

259

valuable clap of men.

ind also

stating that some

which had led, we believe, in

hat

the

almost all

Eastern Towns to allotting

distinct

quarters

to people of different

Treasury

themselves

134

Parsees of Bombay, having established

at Hong Kong for

purposes of Commerce, he had granted them

a piece of

races

think that the measure

adopted by the Governor may

be approved. It also appears to

Laud

exclusive place

по

Mat

the

grant of

place of Sepulture

was a

fit

legitimate valuable clap

encouragement

report

Settlers

from Bombay.

to the

risk of

of sepulture for their tribe.

We beg leave

that adverting to quarrels 3 Tribes

ало

known

disorder if men

to dis-agree

Ive have the honor to be

Sin

Jours

had

been exposed

to be mixed

Logether in

the

same locality,

алд

considering the general convenience

which

er obedient

humble Servants

Pendlarmish

(རི་བ་ཡིན་རིར་

Treas

Ford by keltird

The Gar-old., of

cour

mishichid

201 Hongkong

EAVED

C.0.

FEB. 5

260

4. You: 92-7 March 1st.

Colonial Land and Emigration Office

February 1846

Sir,

With reference to tic

the Governor

Despatiue from the

Inyong kong mentioned in the

Herewitty charmed. & attached to respectively Darpateties

No. 114. 20 Agust 1845 N.117.

No121. 30

1845

1345

margin

enclosed

མ་རོལ་

your

letter o

the 6th of November last; the

first transmitting an

==swa •se-ia:

an Ordinance for

charge of the Streets

and

Ewers of the Town of

the future charge of

Victoria, and the others accompanied

Lame Sephen

SÖPAJA

Treasu

•

[

231

of Taxation at

яг

it's general

the

correspondence with the Merchants

scheme

Hong Kong, and

in resolving.

to frame a saw

subject, and

the

that we

Lee

по

reason

why

their

merits as

station for commelœ;

Ordinance should not be allowed.

We have

the

honor to state

At the

same time

ive

we beg leave hez

that

the

former subject has.

to enclose

a copy

copy of the

latterly received

much attention from

Government in this comitry, we thought

it might be advisable to place

rirselves in communication with the

Bealth

Towns Commission.

We have now the honor

to report Colonial Government have judged rightly

that We think the

will

extremely judicions and practical

character,

and

We would therefre

venture to recommend that they

should be forwarded to the Governor

for his consideration. We wond

observations for which we

are

indebted

to the

Health of Towns

Commission, and which we believe

be forma

to be of an

also

Treasur

232

also suggest

that

inggest mate the printed reports

that Commission should be

transmitted

沦

to the Colony as they

must contami much information

lovernor with

the adiric of the

Excutive concil. So I sevis smaids

conclude

with some observation

subject; and it would

his sespatch

this subject;

that would be

very useful to

V in the

bionen in

the bar Commisioner

performance of their duties.

appear that he

dors not attack

much importance to retaining the:

clause in it's present form. We

the

The only clause it which

are

perhap: it i

noce

cepeary we chouet

directly draw attention is the 1804,

disposed to think that as.

Commissioners are to make the

may

be desirable that

they should also appoint persons

rate

regulating

the

Collector of the

apporistuent of Saver Gates.

The

As it is

now pamed that Officer

is to be nominated by the

Loverwor

to collect it; and that if the

Appointments were

with subject to

the approval of the Governor, the

Executive Authority, whilst still exercising

Treasur

233

a control

control in

the matter, would

be free from any claim which

might popwly be

popibly be made upon

Government in the Event of a deficiens

the

Collectors accounts.

now to the other

.1.

Turnnig

bespatches transmitted to us with

the porezons Edinance, be find

At the Murchants remonstrate apsimnet

with

which has been imposed

for paying the Frice, and tot

thes compilami generaing of the schemi

and

off

amount & Supation at dry hong

xito

tempig also the succip of the

Siand si

Commercial tition.

Several

Several of these are

Bpics of a

Да

nure generai naturs than

it belongs

ᄒ

and We belive

to discuss,

tiseus.

that they have

aiready been fully intir the

consideration of Her Majesty' Mommes-

най

can

only state

in general

terms

that

coun

depending mainly on its prospect:

commercial Emporius, be

apprehend that

that all chayis

i772

Shipping and all Import Entics ought obviously to be avoided

as much as posible; and if

direct

Treast

264

Accerne

direct sources of Acvine in

admitted to be preferavie, we conceive Part of Land

the most

I be me of

convenient that could

be decided. They afford a yeariz

Income

to the Public withinct

strictly coming within the descriptions

A moncis

x; and where the interest

is migh, they relieve

persons who require End from the inconvenience of having to pay the

pec - sumpi value of the Soperty.

Withi

流

regard

to the xinornih

may

be observed

Rents, it

that those of earlier tate, settled

under

}

under

the authority of captains Elliot and Mr Johnstu,

were the

subject of very careful revision.

Soara of Officers specially

apporiited for the purpose of doing

pistice in

this matter, and that

all the other Rents have van

volimitarily offered by the Imants

at open

competition. In order the

more effectually to insure the former class of Lesens from

suffering any

injustice, the Governor

provided that any one of them

who deerned his Lot to be valust

too highly, might

might claim to

hold

ich

hold it at

the

average price

Treasury

realized at the

تن

pist Public

Gilles of Leaves; but not one penou ( as appeared from Sir Henry Pottinger's Report)

availed iniwelf of the options. This

question was considered more at our Report dated this

Sngth in

3141⁄2 of September 1844, t which

lii

would aquest have to refer

if more

details

mouth be

required.

With these remarks on the

Ordinance and

Land Fents, which

minjects have

more particularly fallen

within our knowledge at this Sffice,

We abstain from entering into

the

}

235

the

more general questions of the

Taxation at Hong Kong,

advantages as

and of its

a Britton Sony.

We have the honor tobe

Lir

Your obedient

Anmble servants

Thida Mich

ག ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་

In Wond

ᄇ

Treasur

to fall

CHIIA

Dar cous

questions agitatid

There seems to be

ove

(Decpalches

to which this refers

and above this questions

which the Comment refer - and of the questions aferred to

thend there are some

which

scarcely

withins then province. Will pro have the goodness

to enumerate the on

questions proposed by

the for, distinguishing suck

have been decided from incl.

still

wailing

་ན་

decisine ?

theme as

[

LIVED

€.0.

FEB. 5 1846

In 201 Hongkong

266

Observations

in the

Hous

Fronz Ordmance for the damage of

the Town of Victoria.

From want of better

information of the

present amount - X:

condition of the population, I assume

that the Toron of Vectoria, now is or

become a

will shirtly

thickly inhabited district, and should therefre

treated in

the

same

the

manner and on

same principles as the Health

Towns Commissioners have laid mon

their Reports, as necessary

for

Towns

in Great Britain.

general principles it is to be

expected

that

the same

practical meatures

are applicable

applicable to Towns in

all

Clerictes

Climates, and I pind that I am

confirmed in

in this

view by one of the

Health of Towns Commissioners lately

resident at Calcutta, who had the

honor

of being employed to

report m

its

sanatory

condition.

Treasury

that measures are

He informet me

троша

about to be commenced

under the direction of the Lovemor

General of Sidra for improving that

they will be

city, and that on the principles land drow in

based

the

Committimers Reports above alluded to. =

Assuming then that

difference of Cinate will

defirence

in the

for preservruz

make

measures

the health

population, I should

that

the

all

the

237

Supply of Water - It is now fully established by the cast and previous

investigations on the

subject that

the

damage of a Tour,

Town, where so much

gross matte,

рибо

it's way

into the

Lewers, cannot be made effectual

with nut

copines supply of water

carry of the heavy substances._ Lindm the best sewered Town in the Loom

World, teems with instances

accumulatin's

in the sewers, but I

trouble

with examples,

you or of other defects that Towns

need not

either of this have lately been creposed

nece Hary

of the

in this

prst submit

oromance does not embrace

the operations that are necessary.

for that purpose

The prst

and

most important of these

تھے

Supply

Country, because I shall

accompany this letter

with

of the Commisiniers Reports __

copy

If this prst hout is admitted but not otherwise I would

submit kendly for consideration, the propriety of introducing into

the

Ordinance, a power to

canpel

the

prober

Treasur

proper drainage of houses.. If the

main damage of a Town requires Water-

much

more of course.

urle the house

Rains, which

have

not the advantage

}

238

conveyed away by the naiis.-

I would also earnestly

recommend for consideration

the propriety

of making some regulations (ef nove

been made/ relating

Slaughterhouses & Burial grounds. -

have yet

such places should

un be

allowed

Town, and

of being washed

by the occasional

falls of rain . - It caund be necessary

to lay any

stress on the importance

of such additions

wil effects of the

this

Dwelling. - The

absence of them even temperate climate has been

fully proved, and I cannot conceive

that

there will be any difficulty in carrying out this suggestion in a newly built and mereasing Town like

essential matters, Victoria. Besides these

_ within the precincts of - a

then ought / especially the former)

to be placed under

inspection.

herposes

a systemi

Regulations for these

should be made

delay before any

private

wrthnit

rights are

acquired. - Inught extend my observations by urging the

necessity

many

of checking the growth of

nuusances, but having

типо

Sheeped

some

of the grave, eirls,

upon which I think Istrict provision

should be made in the Ordnance

would here observe, that

suficient

stress does not

appear to me

It is

sis

unnecessary

notice

others

laid upon.

the

duts of providing

for the speedy removal of the substantial refuse that cannot be

conveyed

more particularly

I will only add

a hope

that

tis

subeit

will

meet with carly attention, as it

can be

deatt

dealt with much more easily and more

effectually at the

present une

afte

the population

has become

then

habituated to, and careless about these

Waters would their

inclined also

269 thes be excluded. I am

to think that it should

suck, construe-

―

be more clearly stated, but tions as Wharfs and the

intende I to be placed under

are

the

purisdiction of the Commissioners; the breadth of

Streams is pequently

sassowed by such constructions when

erected

by private persons, and the

evils

ance

as cxperience

proves to be

ис

thes Country

the case.

Treasury

These

Chen

are

the

varuus

any

Lavatory

natural

water impeded,

orde

and at the

now venture

to make

It seems

to же...

Ordmanice

that

one

now framed

the power over

the

in.

or livo

thei

dutes to which it appears to me

measure for the

comprehensive Improvement of a

en brace and Iurie

Town ought

to make it effectual;•

remarks upon

the extent of

Jurisdiction of the Commissioners gwen

flow of the

Orduance

and the

cnirte

that

they

are

required

to pursue

eve

the

execution of their duties.

I would prst throw out the limitation

for consideration whether

of the Jurisdiction to tidal rivers, is

not too confued ; Inger Streams falling into such

the River- bank being vested commessioners without enabling

in any way

to grant permission for the erection of such structures, might

are

be justly objectest to. They

the merposes of Trade,

necessary for the purposes and if properly constructed might

be made to assest. the flow of the wate... I would also

suggest

ཀ

Rivulets and even

hat

the crections of mill-danes, and

Weir's

Waters

Treasury

Weirs shined

be placed under

qurisdiction of the Commissioners.

the

して

the

latte,

A provision in

part of the second Clause, brings ene

to the last subjet

trouble

on which I shall

with

упе

any

obervations. - It the Commissioners divide the district into

three or

is there required that

may

mine

Sub - Norsions; this is certainly

equitable provision in principle,

a most

at the works necessary in different

rstricts and the

expences

ken them

ther

that

consquent

will vary

according to local pecuharities, but I submit of the District

the subdursion of the

might to be

made after due consideration

z those peculiarities, and the natural

acvantages which they severally afford

for drainage. These

ascertained

can

arr

area

only be accurate survey of

for damage,

the whole natural

with a

heights of the ground, sinidar

270

to the

plan of Windsor at haze 432, Vol: 2

Report 1..

The evils and excessively

wasteful expenditure of money

caused

by the absence of my general plan

for the drainage of Trons

having been ponitec out

ши

England,

the

Health of Torons Commissioners, induced

them to

recommend that

proper

plan should be procured and

Survey

apkranz

при вир

&vernment Officer

before any general measure

damage be commenced. _ & there fe

be adopted

course should

the plan and

suggest that

tti

and that

dame

survey should be

submitted

approval of the

latter

were insisted

seems to

Governor : If this

on, it

столий

that Clause 4. requiring

the Commissummers to submit for approval.

of the Siverior

Comicil

every

Resolution of the Board, might.

hart be dispensed with

heights

Plan shewning the relative

I feel great- besitation in

making any remark uker, a

a provision

of this kind reîxting to

the

concerns.

of a Country to seperatly exciumstances

but unless it is

should submit that the Connectimers

pom

Treasur

usual and necessary

provision, I

تھے

in their

required

work

to a

plan approved

would be sufficiently fettered in

operations if they were

above proposed, and that they shined

be freed pou the

frequent reference

necessity

to the Governor,

for his assent

to Resolution's

The reasons.

pequently of the most trivial import__

for not requiring ther

pequent consent of the Governor seeme

to be strengthened in refrencz to

the

Sixth Nause which

very

properly

provides for

an appeal

hein

azanist the resolutions of

the

Commuckcovers ._ But it must be

borne

borne in mind that such

ан

is less likely to be effectual after

271 appeal

the

Court appealed to, has made itself a

case, by presuntly groug

party to the

its assent to the Resolution.

The above suggestions for

a proper Survey & plan-

obtaming for damage

tion that

in procuring

are

there

ан.......

made

on the assump-

Dfculty

will be

Engineer Officer fully

competent to furnish it,

it would

to its success of his

carry

greatly contribute services were retained

des the direction

execution under

Commissioners - the same.

The same observation

will apply to the supply of Water

et into

of the

should it be deemed proper

vest

the Commissumers with the

necessary

howers. -

ace

Treasury

RECE

JULY 8 1:246

272

1339 HongKong

Colonial Land Annipation office

8. Forly Hi

Mr Walter 15 Jul

Tre have

acknowledge

295 ultimo

your

the honor is

Letter of the

accompanied by

Despatch from the Governor

of Hong Kong

the subject

of Erc Webster's claim for Land.

In our

Schober

the ground.

Cames Stephen Smy

East

report of the 18?!?!

the explained

which

гис

considered

ん

considered My Webster

compensation;

That

lust

Despatch

entitled to

We Fund

inot

ance

Treasury

John Davis

December

dio

east, Lord Stanley

dated

the 8th of

Frauley

adopt

this view to

沾

is full

Exent

but referred

the

Ce.

with

dome

additionas

socdence

decision

for

the Governors

Lis John

Davis has

Now

decided

afainsh

the Clains

preferred by Er Werster

and we

are

Soh

aware

that

any

further

remark

The

subject is caller

for from this Board.

We have the horror lobe

Sir,

Your beaucich

humble Lervants

Medallist

Clipandresto

KANA

273

{

Treasury

:. : 828 of last gran. A noti

briefly explains the state of the

Fear go

cate.

die back of it From 2.1224

assegund will barn that the Zur. adheres to his original in which opinion, for the reasons

повод - в выпу

of 878167

بهم رسم دره

;

1258

230 trong động.

274

00216 1045

Cojonial Land and Emigration Office

15 October 184/6

Sir

We have

the honor to

acknowledge your letter of the sout

Ulting, accompanied by copies of two letters from Suz

pom zur Robert Webster

subject. of wis

on the

daim arising out of

the resumption of certain Building

Loto it Dong Hong.

For the facts of

this case

We bez to

refer

to irer Report of

which

the 184 October 1845 in

Jamcortephen y

را

Treasury

275

ive

endeavored

to recapitulate all

the

arcumstances

that are material to

decision.

A Bazaar being

Government to proceed with them,

but he

received directions from the Land

states himself to have

much wanted

for

the Troops in

Board

his capacity of Owner

six mouths.

was

ис

longer felt.

The

Finier

the

Lots

had

not

1842 the Lots in question were

granted on condition that the requisite

Buildings should be erected within

expiration o being ended

Bazaar

Pout upon the

that terms, the War

the necessity of

remove

and rebuild certain

Walls which had been built by

the

prior

Owner

which directions

the

{

ถ

finished his buildings,

but was actively engaged in

continuing them, and

not only

was

все

allowed by the

Government

he obeyed.

Sir Henry Pottingers return to

trong tương

it was found that

of having the intended

instead

Bazaar, the

Land

could be more

conversiently disposed of by bake

for other purposes,

the occupant

was summarily ejected and all compensation for his outlay has

ир

when however

оч

- A

276

ance'

dit

this

constantly retired.

has always been

Fine

been

Fur Spinion

In the

that he was

not

trick

the

Land

Treasury

hardly used

and ought to be

present instance we do that Mr. Webster toon question discharjeá

toir

the

condition

indemnified:

but finding that a

on which it

had

contrary ticision

was adopted, we

been granted to Captains

Beck, and we preely admit that

have

امل

wished

to press our

that condition

was broken, and

crieur inreasonably. st. bebster

Mr.

therefore that the Land

was Segally

however having

appeared to Eart

resumable

The Crown, but

Grey, and

Report from to

feel

bound

to repeat

being again

called for, we feel

нев

our

Opinion

that such

але

justice

to lin

夯

spear

the

quision to

resumption unaccompaniet by any

compensation for

which

ive

adhere, leaving the

the outhay incured

the occupant while actively engaged

decision

the

higher authority

in proceeding

of Earl Grey.

Kis

towards the pulfilment

Agreement, would

{

277

hance

Treasury

and

step involving much barithip,

practice.

hardly warranted by the

#he

British

Government in any other part of

the world.

The reasons on which

obtains for

Colonies, vist

forfeiture of Lands in

total abandonment of

the Property

ہو

neglect

to and

inexcusable amount. Secondly, The

Buildings

We ground

this

as follows:-

ал

First

appearance

were

advanced state

when

the

Land

conclusion are.

considerable

очи

them.

was resumed, and a

outlay had been made

Thirdly, The necessity for

earlier completion of the Inuilding

There is every

that

from

the begining

to exist from the time

peace

was

Mr. Webster, though he states himself

to have

been ipsorant of the

Contract with captans heik, had

in fact been

it's provisions,

carrying out

that there

not м

this

cate

The

strong

crason

which usually

Starse

had ceased

Established, and as this

event occurred previously

transfer of the

the condition

considered

importance.

to the

Land to Mr. Webster

to time might be

to have become of less

Fourthly, Mr Webster had

not only been suffered to proced in

his

Operations for

tive months after

the prescribed

time had elapsed,

but the mode

of his proceeding

had been directed

Treasury

The Land

Board without any intimation that it

was

the intention of government

to appropriate the Land on which

be was encourasid

o carry ou

his

Sperations.

Euch are the reasons which

have induced

I think that

equivalent to his purchase

sum

monsy

Expenditure on

and

his subsequent

the Property right

ناک

gravited

to the daimant

out of

tre

Land

Funds of

this

278

the colony.

Sir John Davis is of the

Contrary opinion. The claimant

has appealed

thie

Secretary of

State

and with

the foregoing remarts

We leave

the

ས

case to be determined

by Ais sordolrip's better judgment

We have the honor to be

Sir

Your obedient

Jumble Sevants

thedaleit

Frederikogen.

Treasury

зе

tailer had undertaker to creat

Military wad

by a per

wetherl

Composers to complete it

for Military Composer

What he had allad that day

Thank

the onk I that by this default the work

sales to the Good Ishould have retend my wifinal

opinion that the perfecting was de defined, had it not that Lad Grey

that yn dépens

ealed that oficior.

Oct. 18. Dentirely aque

ses 4.

it left. Hephon

afen

uet

کا

tu conclusion amord

Meet the Gerans but he

Gove hove apeis of

Shaved be mit

W. Webslims Selen

water

Indden.

сово

to spend to thirre abendy be fee this Dept text Ides and him to write family to

вс

beer

lokey. I tow.W.shd.

this time ride. Offf. W. W. shd. be infrnd best this safe is taken ? zer

5.20%

1. That the Govern

Soleants for quotation of the dan

fr . the first time introduce into

17 Jct. Air Mawns the Commissiones now

the

his work after the freautéed pennd had claped_23 dections from the Land Brand

I allowed him to complete

Le re

build extéri

bull by the forme

that he obed these directions.

There

is of cons

End of

Case.

To expres

the forfeiture would be a complete

any

Gost. If the fact

et i

at thank it reason.

Gar

hall

Justice &

Slated how,

hand with

was

for that this Salanal capred

have had ble f

riginally

fine

affectants of continente

credit to it, untel

and

veg.

X..

1847 JAN. 1

C.D.

broy brows:

? December Bieb.

Colonial Land &Emigration Office

Liv,

Ire have the

honor

acknowledge

your

letter

279

DEX

10 St

he 116. 245 Leph Bout,

nistaut

from

the

accompanied by

a. Despatch

fovernor of Long Kong

Desp to Gpor. I

respecting the

collection

Fevik

the

Searchots

property of

the gown

min

that Colony.

With

sexpect

tic Love

which

are

7022042/21

༡༢

there

appear

3 be

aprasz

of the Tenant shoud

James Stephen ing

no difficulty.

not pay his

Deut

し

Treas

230

Rent, the

Roun

ruci

the

Cater

Jame

time

quay

order

have

recourte

the

ufficient

that

the

Crown

may

not

Experience

remede

afforded

in action

Lop by Rents remaining in

Arrear

Covenant

the

Lease

by re-entry.

will

necepary

that they be

Where the brķerty remains

Junctually collected, -

алд

that the

mimproved

lve

apprehend that the

remery

the

Trown popeses be speedily

Fenant

still liable for Bent whether

resorber

in the

Event

of the

the rown

shouts

afterwards

2- cuter

Jenank

making default.

swot

but

ай

many

Cases

For the

The absence

miderstand mat

by Ease Key

If the

above

succios be approve?

apprehend that the

of the

Jenant N

his

want

of means,

Jame

Course

thout be adored indif.

the remedy by action

time

wouts prove miffectual,

Covenant

are

dispored

recommenda

меня

that

who

are

the frown shorts

be satisfied with

the

resumpiton

to property.

far

the

largest

Foreve

simproved

- ferently in ali

perceive that it? Cardine Matherow

stated to be by

Eater, and

لله

lve

that

: served lot was the only proceeding which ought ever to be locker in case of a breach of the Covenants for improves. But

But why broad principle she be so laid down I confess Engelfen to be unable to perceive.

Jy 2. Idome

ше сили

inte kin

question betina W. Suplent

the four.

Вис

But looking at all beling. Externes think

все

the airsofthe

des amplion

ghee and, the aut aut beyfund,

sufficient. And if the cont in

but find theinte domly the

pustie samed

Inque

be ejected.

with E. Replem; kun

ahester. Indian

Me shred be refund the

sume the hose prefected

besten

་

4 Jauf. hr. Hawes. There can, of course, be no doubt that Uie Landlord is

entitled to rent due up to the hon. of the re-entre. But I raschose this Cond?- to rean that the Landlord is also entitled to rent after, & notwithieslandi.

wot their mughing

the n-eating. If that be not their

with them.

accpring have

mugning I hand the

xmiry

And then mabove

упак прину

may

Eifference of ofition

amay 314

احمد benload

732734

xmms

may y

77073

утото

young yo

lund.

эт

joy

717

quite

231

Nen

bank of injugenion

I confess Md Stephen's ex

new

to me

Md Stephen's expirit of the law is I had always Mought that when tenant for non payment of sent he still continued to have a claim fry rent due up to the trime of ejectment when the tenant ceased to be in course afterwards no rent ud

: lord epicted

The land, of is will I understand the CM to

remart founded

on a

Mean

Whehr of

thi

асение

Is not to Stephen's

сив different understands of this reput? /

to & the law is as I understand it state to the God that the Crown to the uneme of rent it to the time of resume results" but hur a right of But it must defend whom rcumstances in each case who then. It is worth which

to enforce that right,

Гил и

& that flounderable

we not allowed to fall into in conceive in jenend of rents-

tempting

the ment with be sufficient

www resumpt" of the land on default

unear

၀၁၇ ခု

monof no

༡༢༢༩

쩝

Q32-༡༢༡/༢༡༡༩

ᏂᎦᏴᏍᏗᏓ

Treas

possession of Land for some gears under Covenants Leich be

reglects to perfor, no may

whithin

subject the owner to Cossed for which the resumptions of the Land 4. afford no consentations. It appears to an unperssible to jude whether ruch actions ought, or ought not; to be bought at ding kung sittin in all these cases or in any пр Евгений thend - There is, inded, such a pusumplices against die werden

case, that it is impossible not to

hing

of bringing an achin in any

lean toward the opinions of this inexpediency on the sontent reasing. But.

one

shr. know all the details & circumstances.

in order to form a safe-judent. I think that the questions must

be left to this local Gormit

вул

nstitution she be made to

what they have paid

at a

I confess may mability to prceive haft? Gardine & Coins & f

kind of penalty for leaving

Coli

unimproved. That consequence might follow from the declaration of the general principles that more resumptive of.

Nawas

Marlians that parions

at King Kong

lended to persons this tot Whens on speculations,

bere under

that of there about 20 lois save

remedy gainst these ressens, geht this remedy

Une Zur subilanhallen is whulter be

been permitted to he wase

How brorised by

ha:

Gjestehunt, as

wie that

Tenant 5. remain loable for rent Even the

The Cond! wind their opinions that the

whether it is expedient that he

ого

The Land

Dissent. If.

penture to die

beach

ofuming from which I must though The konn shd.

Landlord

anly the term.

Covenant

becomes extinct. Rent is an incident to

when tie pohussion

Tühen

The Crown at

morges Gjedi

in the Freehold and his Tenant for

& ceases

Sessor.

The Lefter's

The real

Landing w. be an actions for the

remedy of damage obuche The Coin

mag build wea

have sustained

non - performance of his Covenants, a to such an

aching the

and ejectment

B. be no ruter

A man

Education Church Societies

Education Church Societies,

232

Treas

ance

In Stephen

Horstrom Education

AW 5 Series

233

To answer has been rec?from the London Mussonay Soer___

The other Antwers are Enclosed

26cr /46

34 Oct. Nor Hawes. The

Reall

answers

contemplat

is to thew that some of these Touities are but that none

of them has effeted a sufion Ang kong, in this that flace to China. I Lad Safford the conting. The question had therefore whole cufft to be done in sintheram f Domation et day tog pormance of the Despolcher 498 £1000. ther pear. On referring to the look of

Elcers

theso

Treas

hance

desfalches you will see that exfar as Enspeons and

234

offlemble to this service. Zas or thece Sabonistich

conccond the school is exquord for the Ducation of lo deck bodies of fofgefeende her,

to the Earpean folice & then _

children belongery.

that

that of

en la deten

haining

signe

the thong besy offleed of them to the han

jo futher there len lines the Upplar Government spolen of Donation

Ort. 3. Sager witte holaften. Schonbe

& Wat as far as the Relines are concerned all talis filith wind dieting Puspend in to

ན

Chann

contributor

to part £100 perann

The native ich. As of of which enhebahon it is Red

the effect

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tony.

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conciderable number of pean Hong Kong. The money fir to be pain to the Chinese Schools suns labe Apard not so much to promote Education a patify the feelings of the Chinese. I do not thank that it would be easy to

for that.

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this exferder

to justify complete exftination of the Greenen flows respetory the subguld, & the meshed,

the metted, of leacher Lesfecially eerfuling the bumbers & appo & effen aramolances of Non for the the benefit is desped. Some of the Resinay Societies contempiale the founding of sicher at

Thy shared excunts their intentions they

affare.

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snd be panted in establishing schools! think at all events the annual cost of and maintains them the be depared by May =

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the children

5.5

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1 hp 9/46

RECEIVED

SEP. 9 1846

1769 Hongkong.

235

or draft to Rev.

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6 Forth Place

Edinburgh Soft 7 1846

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1794 Hory Kiny

RECEIVED

SEP. 11

1846

236

33 Ely place tepleys

1846

They to acknowledge, with

печ

muck respect, the receipt of your telter of the 42 cash and in reply to the inguing which you have addressed to

be tion of Earl Neg, bo state, for the inform alere of his Lordship, that the Mission Board of the Moravian Church, -reither have taken nor are proposing to take any steps for the promotion fiducation, by meaux of missionaries, or by any other Hei in the colony of Hong Kong

аделец

with pincero regrete that they find themrally pucluded, from cooperating with then fellow (Iridious, in the lavidable Efforts, now in progress, for the religious instruction of the inhabitants of the China..

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Missions

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1770 Hongkong

бол

Sir,

RECEIV

SEP. 11

1846

237

hurch Missionary House,

I beg to acknowledge

Letter of the 4th bust, in which

Sept. 10, 1846.

you

the honour of your

state that Carl

requests to be informed whether the Church Missimary

Grey requests

Society has taken or contemplates taking any

contemplates taking any steps for the

by other

promotion of education by means of Missionaries or by

means in the Colony of Hongkong.

I have laid your

Letter before the Com-

mitter of this Society, and am directed by them to state that

the Society, sent out two Missionaries, both

hoo years ago. them (lergymen of some experience, the Res George Smith, M. A. Ocon, & the New. The M Clatchie, 13.A Trinity College, Dublin, to China, with a view to decide upon the best position of commenting Missionary operations .

B. Hawes, Esq

Treas

The Res. J. M.-Clatchie is now settled at

Shanghai, where he has commented

a Mission .

The Mein

4. Smith has been compelled to leave China through the failure of his health, and his assival in England

is expected daily .

I have the pleasure of bansmitting copies

of the Reports which Mr Smith has sent home of the

Miserinary prospects in Elina .

The Society will be prepared immediately upon Mr Smith's arrival to take into consideration the question

of commencing Missionary operations in Hongkong, or to

receive

any proposition which Earl Grey may be

pleased to make to them.

Funds to the amount of more than £10,000

are in hand which have been already specially contributed

for the China Mission -

In all the Missionary

the promotion of the education

labours of this Society .

the Natives is a

principal object, a sufficient pooof of which is that

in the vasions

Missions of the Society, there are

(23

800 Schools, comprising

comprising 38,007

Scholars.

238

I have the homens to be

Sir

Your

Neary Lea

Hon. Seer & Med

Obedient Servant

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11 tap.

Add this to this ollin datters that they may

be considered

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then when the series is

comflet.

[FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY]

239

REV. G. SMITH'S SECOND REPORT

CHINA,

IN REFERENCE TO THE

OPERATIONS OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY IN THAT COUNTRY.

LONDONI

CHURCH MISSIONARY HOUSE, SALISBURY SQUARE.

1845.

REV. G. SMITH'S SECOND REPORT,

&c. &c.

REV. G. SMITH TO THE SECRETARIES.

MY DEAR BRETHREN,

Hong Kong, China, March 25, 1845.

Our friend Mr. M'Clatchie, embarked for Shan- ghai on the 20th of February, in company with three American Missionary Brethren, the Rev. Messrs. Loomas, Culbertson, and Dr. Macgowan, and their wives, who proceed with him only as far as Chusan, on their way to Ningpo, their Station.

I hope, (D.V.) to embark in the beginning of April for Chusan, with the favourable change of monsoon, whence I proceed for a few weeks to Ningpo, to make personal observations of its degree of eligibility as a Missionary Station. Thence I expect to depart in time to rejoin Mr. M'Clatchie at Shanghai about Midsummer.

Before I leave Hong Kong, I wish to place on record my present views in reference to our Mission in China. I do not regret the lengthened residence here; as the extensive intercourse with the Missionaries and others, and the view of actual Missionary operations here, are calculated to enable me to take more correct and enlarged views of the principles which should guide our undertaking than I should have been qualified to form if I had gone at an earlier period direct to any particular Station without such advantage. Even prior to completing the exploratory tour, such has been the uniform tendency of the information and advice I have received, and the independent conclusions I have been led to form, that I think it will not be premature in me at once to give a sketch of the plan, principles, and site, of establishing the Mission in China, which I am led to submit to the wisdom and experience of the Committee for their judgment. View- ing, in all its comprehensive bearings, the probable influence

230

of this Mission on the prospects of Christianity in the East- endeavouring to estimate at their just value the existing indications of a progressive movement in the native mind- examining in the mirror of God's Word the present leadings of providence and tokens for good-and, above all, assured of the final subjugation of error, and triumph of Christian truth, I think we must feel that Missionary efforts for the conversion of the Chinese ought to be taken in hand in a spirit of faith, in some degree commensurate with the glorious object in view, and on a magnitude of scale worthy the Church to which we belong.

To concentrate and consolidate our Missionary work on some definite field, which can be strongly occupied, is obviously a preferable course to that of scattering our divided and weakened forces over an extended line of coast, among a diversity of dialects and Native character. To avoid one error, however, it is not necessary to run into the opposite extreme of narrowing our sphere of exertion, so as to limit all our attention to one spot.

If we wish to select one of the newly opened ports of China, and make it the solitary advanced picquet, in invading these vast regions of error, the mind is perplexed between Shanghai and Ningpo. Shanghai promises fair to become the grand commercial emporium of the North, and as a nucleus of foreign intercourse, and in a mercantile point of view already inferior to Canton alone, it offers the advantages of a direct and frequent communication by sailing vessels with Europe without touching at Hong Kong. Ningpo as a quiet Missionary Station, exempt from the usual deteriorating influence of a foreign mercantile com- munity, presents facilities of a different kind. Ningpo approves itself, to most persons, as the more desirable Station, considered solely in reference to Missionary work; but seems to be too retired a spot to be the solitary seat of a Mission. Time, experience, and the course of events will alone show the real superiority of each, separately considered. But if both are occupied, and each place is thus made to blend its peculiar advantages, they present one of the most magnificent fields of Missionary enterprise that the Christian Church could conceive or desire.

On the one hand-

1. SHANGHAI is the port of Loo-chow-foo, from which it is distant about fifty miles-the metropolis of classic literature, of taste, and of fashion-the Oxford of China-a centre of influence, whence the rays of native philosophy are dispersed over the millions of educated Chinese.

2. Looking beyond the events of the present time, and contemplating the probable extension of foreign intercourse with the interior, we regard Shanghai also as the key to Nanking, the old capital of the empire, and distant only about 150 miles.

3. Again, it commands the entrance of the Yang-tsze-kiang, forming, by its junction with the Grand Canal, the vast central artery of wealth and commerce, which supplies warmth and life to the most distant extremities of the empire.

4. Occupying a central position, midway on a line of coast, running nearly 2000 miles from north to south, of all the free ports it approaches nearest to the present capital Peking. It lies within fifty miles of the 32nd degree of north latitude, beyond which British vessels are prohibited, by treaty, from sailing, within a distance of 150 miles from

the coast.

5. If the presence of foreign influence be deemed a valuable adjunct to its other advantages, Shanghai, as before inti- mated, already possesses an extent of commerce exceeding the united amount of all the other free ports, exclusive of Canton; and as such must become an important rendezvous for Native merchants from the interior. The importance of this position for disseminating the Gospel through the interior, by means of a Native agency hereafter, can scarcely be overrated.

6. Lastly, if we take a large view, and extend the eye of faith over the boundless expanse unexplored and unoccu- pied by Missionary labourers, we behold in either of these two Stations the bright spot from which the light of trutlı might penetrate the darkness brooding over Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, and the surrounding Archipelago. To the south- east lie the interesting group of the Loo Choo Islands, almost demonstrated to be open to Missionary efforts, and within To the north-east we two days' sail in either monsoon.

291

292

behold Japan, with its pagan millions, so long shut out by exclusive jealousy from intercourse with Christendom, within little more than two days' sail with a favourable breeze.

On the other hand-

NINGPO, lying about a hundred miles to the south of Shanghai, and enjoying most of its advantages in a modified degree, possesses additional independent facilities.

1. The population, from the limited extent of its foreign commerce, is less exposed to the disquieting, contaminating influences on their simplicity.

2. Its situation on the mainland, opposite to Chusan, and within easy access of a few hours, invests it with an important character under various future contingencies, of which it places us in a position to avail ourselves. In the event of recurrence of hostilities-which most expect before many years have passed; but which may God avert! Chusan would probably, as in the last war, be immediately occupied by British Troops; and once re-occupied, it requires no prophetic wisdom to predict its permanent retention, and its substitution for Hong Kong as the base of British power. This would open Chusan to Missionary efforts, and Mission- aries from Ningpo speaking the same dialect, would be ready at once to enter on this most fertile, salubrious, and populous Island, without destroying, but rather cementing, the com- pactness of the two other Stations.

3. In this event, Chusan would afford to Ningpo, at all times, an immediate refuge from the storms of persecution

or war.

4. In the failure of health, the vicinity of Chusan presents a valuable sanatorium, easy of access. As the British cede the Island to the Chinese in a few months, it is uncertain how far the Native authorities will allow foreigners to reside or even to visit the Island.

5. It is the usual point of access to Hang-chow-foo, distant 60 miles, the great terminus of the Grand Canal, and inferior in importance to Loo-chow-foo.

6. Ningpo also possesses an extensive Native trade with the interior.

Viewing Shanghai and Ningpo conjointly-

1. Missionaries are permitted by the boundary regulations fixed by arbitation to go from either Station, as far as they please into the surrounding country, on condition of their returning for the night to the city; i. e. they may go half a day's journey into the interior.

2. In both places the people are civil and friendly to foreigners, and destitute of that proud arrogance which has so long distinguished their countrymen in the South.

3. The climate is said to be salubrious, though, during two or three summer months, the heat is greater than in other parts of China, and the thermometer stands for weeks above 100.

4. The Mandarins exhibit at present no disposition to oppose, but rather court the acquaintance of Missionaries. 5. Each place is in a different province, Shanghai being situated in the south-east extremity of Kiangsoo; Ningpo occupying the north-east extremity of Chekiang province, which, joined together with Fokien province, forms the distinct government of a different Tsung-Tuh, or Governor General. Thus in the event of one set of Native authorities in one place becoming hostile or opposing a particular measure of Missionaries, there remains the hope of the other Station, within easy reach, and under a different régime, being exempt from such local impediment.

6. The dialects at either place approximate more than elsewhere to the Court dialect, which, in spite of local corrup- tions, is generally, with certain limitations, intelligible in all parts among the higher classes, the literati, and the Goverment officials.

7. Again, though the dialects of each place differ consider- ably from each other, they are said to resemble each other Should more than is the case in any other two consular ports. unforeseen circumstances therefore lead to a change of scene of Missionary labours from one place to the other, the incon- veniences under this head would be considerably diminished.

Viewed, therefore, as combining in themselves the several distinct advantages of salubrious climate, eligible residence, and friendly disposition of inhabitants-direct communication

with Europe-comparatively quiet isolation from foreigners- contiguity to the strongholds of Native science-local prox- imity to the second largest city in the empire-importance in regard to Chusan- central position in reference to the whole of China-and of future bearings of the most magni- ficent order on the evangelization of the surrounding Archi- pelago I cannot hesitate to pronounce the united Missionary Stations of Shanghai and Ningpo as presenting one of the noblest and most promising fields in the East.

I would point to the Map, and, after surveying their mutual compactness, their largeness of scope, and their central position amid surrounding regions, where one unexpected event of Providence may place millions of idolaters within reach of Christian philanthropy, can fearlessly and unhesitatingly challenge any spot on the Chinese coast, now open to us, uniting in itself so many facilities, as these two Stations on either side of the Bay, which forms the embouchure of the Tsien-Tang-Keang. Other circumstances also seem to invite

us in that direction. The present openings in China, in reference either to dialect, native character, or provincial situa- tion, resolve themselves into three divisions-

1. Hong Kong and the City of Canton, together with Масао.

2. Amoy and Foo-chow-foo in Fokien.

3. Shanghai and Ningpo, contiguous to Yang-tsze-kiang and Chusan.

In reference to the First, there is much uncertainty, arising from the insalubrity and general failure of Hong Kong, and the rumoured improbability of its retention on the present scale. It would be next to useless for any Society to enter on a Mission at Canton in the present state of the popular mind, unless at least one of the Missionaries can already speak the local dialect. As an ample field lies before us elsewhere, abounding with superior facilities of every kind, I think it will be well to watch the course of events; and, for the present, at least, to leave Missionary endeavours in connexion with the Church of England at Hong Kong in the hands of the Rev. V. Stanton. I regret to say that he has experienced continued difficulties in obtaining a site for building, and I do not think

there remains the prospect of obtaining scarcely a single suitable site in the Colony for any scholastic or similar Institution. It is also a problem which remains yet to be solved, how far present circumstances render the Missionary work here capable of that peculiar kind, extent, and scale, of operations contemplated by him. We may therefore from choice and necessity regard the zealous plans of our friend as a pilot-balloon, to indicate the current of future circum- Should the Colony improve, and the Society with

stances.

its increasing funds, and, above all, that principal desideratum- a larger number of zealous, well-qualified Missionary labourers- wish hereafter to extend their Mission, it will be time enough to profit by the experience of others, and in the mean time to abide the issue of events.

In reference to the Second, we may hope to leave it also in the hands of the American Episcopal Church for the present. Dr. Boone, formerly of Amoy, is expected daily as Bishop with Six Clergy. Amoy will be one of the Stations as formerly; and an impression exists among us, that they will also occupy Foo-chow-foo. I am anxiously hoping to see Dr. Boone before my departure hence, and wish I could speak definitely of his plans in regard to Foo-chow-foo. Some un- certainty exists respecting that port. The unfriendly, uncour- teous spirit shown by the Native authorities to Mr. Lay, the Consul, and the firm and even menacing attitude which was necessarily assumed by the British Governor to compel a proper reception of the Consul into a fit residence in the City, speak unfavourably of the probable reception of a Missionary destitute of such official power, and deprived, by Lord Aberdeen's Circular to the Consuls, of any expectation of assistance in time of difficulty, except from a superhuman

power.

The Third consequently remains for our Society to occupy, and thus the whole line of coast is occupied by Episcopacy. Independently of these circumstances, it is a perfectly legitimate consideration for a new Society, just entering on so peculiar a Mission as that to China, to select a sphere of labour, where, cæteris paribus, there is a less amount of difficulty and delay on the onset. The varieties of the Fokien dialect, spoken respectively at Amoy and Foochow, are, from circumstances

233

體

which I need not here particularize, most peculiar, altogether dissimilar from any other dialect, and doubly difficult to a Student of the Court dialect. Of the climate of Foochow little is known, except that one of two Europeans, resident there with Mr. Lay, has returned in ill-health. Amoy bears a rather unfavourable repute for insalubrity, though an open field exists for Missionaries among a willing and attentive population.

As to the MODE of Missionary operations, little need be said now beyond what has been the general tenor of my corres- pondence the principle of giving a due prominence to the preached and written Word, as the grand ordinance of the Gospel for the conversion of sinners. We want a body of preaching Missionaries giving special attention to the colloquial medium, willing in persevering patience to acquire the written character more slowly, but not in the mean time to sink their distinctive character, as heralds of the Gospel, in the mere occupation of Students, or even Schoolmasters; men who will live much in the open air, employing and increasing their incipient vocabulary of Chinese words, in the effort to recommend a Tract, or incite attention to the Word of God. There is a fair number of good Tracts already in existence; so that a Missionary need not be useless or inactive till he has mastered the written character, and has himself become an author. In due time he may hope also for this honour, in proportion to the capacity of his mind, and his natural powers of originality, method, and thought. But in the absence or defect of these, there remains the humbler post of translator of Christian books. Meanwhile an important work remains for him, and unless that work be sedulously undertaken and prosecuted, the fervency of Missionary zeal is in danger of being cooled by the long period of delay, and of a growing distaste for the society of Natives stealing imperceptibly on the mind. Schools, &c., would follow in due course, experience and expediency may dictate; and if our Mission cannot for the present be undertaken in China on that scale of grandeur which many might deem advisable and essential to the position of the Church of England, we must be content to submit to the temporary absence of this important branch of Missionary machinery, as a penalty for our being so late in

the field. What can be expected from six, eight, or even ten Missionaries, just commencing the Mission, but that they qualify and prepare themselves, with God's help, for more complex and diversified Missionary work hereafter?

Oh! that God, in answer to our prayers, would give us one sincere Christian Native, who, under the instruction and supervision of European Missionaries, might strengthen our hands in the work of instructing his fellow countrymen ; accompanying us in Missionary excursions, explaining the disinterestedness of our object, and relieving our broken accents, by alternating with us the description of the goodness of God to sinners in Christ Jesus!

To this sketch of my views, I beg leave to add that at least six ships are expected at Shanghai direct from England during the current year, and a larger number may reasonbly be expected in the next year. If Missionaries came viâ Hong Kong, they should not leave England later than the beginning of March, to have the fair monsoon, and a desirable ship for their remaining voyage to the northern free ports. If they proceed direct from England to Shanghai, they cannot be sure of not losing the monsoon up the China Sea, if they sail later than the beginning of April.

I would respectfully urge the Committee to send out a sufficient number to raise our establishment to five Missionaries at each port. One medical Missionary at each would be an advantage; but my views of medical Missionary efforts are reserved for a future Letter. I content myself for the present with saying, that if any doubt is suffered for a moment to linger and in the native mind of the decided, unequivocal, primary, essential Christian character of such medical efforts; if they bear not the undoubted impress of Missionary work; if medical attention is given for any other objects, than not only proving the

disinterested benevolence of the foreigner, but also assembling the sick, blind, diseased and maimed within the sound of the Gospel, and forming a congregation for preaching Missionaries, I must confess I cherish a distrustful jealousy of any such operations, and invite not such doubtful aid. The Scriptural warrant, the reation, the order, and the objects of medical Missionary labours, appear to me to be very simple, as contained in Matthew iv. 23-25, and v. 1-2.

294

295

I cannot yet come to a decided opinion, whether an ordained Missionary, knowing something of surgery and medicine, which he could dispense at his private house, and in his preaching excursions, is preferable, or a pious physician associated with the Mission, and having a regular hospital-establishment for patients, at which he is to give regular daily attendance.

I cannot but think that the Society would adopt a measure which they would never have reason to regret, in sending out at once four Missionaries in the Spring of 1846; and the same number in the following year. In the present capabilities of this Mission, the expense of ten Missionaries would not be till great, in the necessary absence of educational machinery, the Missionaries are qualified by their knowledge of the written language to form Schools.

The Committee may perhaps be disposed to wait for more definite and detailed information after personal survey, which I allow is reasonable; and it shall, as soon as possible, be forwarded to them. I should be sorry, however, to hear that 1846 is to pass away without some of our Brethren arriving among us. As Native houses or lodgings can, we hope, be obtained, there need not be at first any precipitate outlay for building, till we have felt our way for a time. The Mis- sionaries must divest themselves of many or most of the preconceived ideas of European life, or the state of things in British Colonies. Houses more or less confined in narrow close streets, will be, in all probability, their residences, if they wish to live apart from the mercantile community, and to increase their prospect of usefulness among the Natives. The comforts of Hong Kong are not to be found in the heart of Chinese cities, nor are they necessary to a Missionary's happiness or usefulness.

The more airy and spacious their rooms, the less will be the demands on their stamina and strength. But I am not sanguine, in the present state of things, that these will be immediately procurable. Such is the field on which we are entering; such the kind of Missionary work, to which we pray the Lord of the harvest to send forth labourers. I have formed my opinion after so much deliberation, and intercourse with every class of informants, that, while I am fully alive to the responsibility of giving advice on so important a question, in which I trust

I have sought and obtained guidance from above, I never- theless cherish not the smallest apprehension of incurring the disapproval of my views by the Committee when the future shall have tested their soundness. It will be borne in mind, that I have not made an actual survey of the different localities; and therefore this communication is to be considered rather as preparing the Committee, by the statement of the present bias of my opinions and views, for what will most probably be ere long my fixed and final recommendation.

When I have completed the exploratory tour, it will be seen how far, after personal observation of the several localities, my future communications may confirm, modify, or expand the principles and plan of operations laid down in this Letter. By the end of the present year, or the beginning of the next, I hope the Committee will have heard from me more in detail. I have scarcely a particle of doubt, that if one Station only is sanctioned by the Committee, the choice lies between Shanghai and Ningpo; and entertain as little doubt, that if the Society will enter on two Stations, as every other Mis- sionary Society has done, at least, Shanghai and Ningpo, considered collectively, offer the most inviting field in the whole of China.

I cannot close this lengthened communication, without respectfully impressing on the Committee the importance of entering the China Mission with something like an adequate force. It is my earnest prayer and hope, that our Mission here may, with God's blessing, ever be characterised, less by its numerical strength than by the elevated tone of piety, spirituality, zeal, patience, and love to the brethren, which should ever distinguish its members, as the surest earnest of China wants the blessing of God resting on their work. Missionaries of a peculiar order. Piety, however genuine, and zeal however fervent, unless tempered by practical judg- ment, and accompanied by vigorous activity of mind and body, will be only a partial qualification for a labourer entering on a field abounding with gigantic difficulties. The difficulties, however, are intermingled with many encouragements. Chinese are a hopeful race, and need only the transforming in- fluence of Christianity to raise them almost immeasurably above the rest of Asiatic nations. They are a quiet, kind, and inquir-

The

296

ing race, wedded by custom to foolish idolatry, but never wil- ling seriously to defend its practice. Present appearances lead me to coincide with the general opinion of the Missionaries, that nowhere in the Heathen world can a congregation of attentive hearers be more easily obtained than in China. There is, of course, at the commencement of a Missionary's career in China, a longer period of delay in acquiring the language than elsewhere. A person of quick perception, retentive memory, and habits of method and analysis, may in one year, with good health, begin to feel some satisfactory and encouraging indications of his speedy progress toward eminent usefulness. Never, again, were there so many proofs, as at the present time, of the willing, attentive ear, on the part of the Chinese. The places of public worship for Natives, in connexion with the Protestant Missions at Hong Kong, are always full of Chinese hearers; and we believe the in- struction conveyed may be in the soil dormant for a time, but will not be wholly fruitless.

Instruments, however, are only responsible for the use of their talents, whether one or ten-the singleness of their aim- and not for the measure of success. Results it is our happy privilege to leave in the hand of Infinite Wisdom and Love, assured that, Isaiah lvi. 10, 11.

I remain, &c.

(Signed)

GEORGE SMITH.

REV. DR. BRIDGMAN TO REV. G. SMITH.

MY DEAR Brother,

Hong Kong, March 17, 1845.

IN returning the Letter you so kindly placed in my hands, and knowing from experience how good it is to have the countenance of Christian friends, however humble, I feel that I should be wanting in my duty, as a Missionary, did I forbear to express to you the feelings inspired by its repeated perusal. Having one Lord, one faith, one bap- tism, one God and Father, our best endeavours are required

me.

to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace; for I cannot tell there is one body, and one Spirit, NOT TWO. you, dear Brother, how much pleasure your letter has afforded It has touched and animated the best feelings of my heart; and I feel bound to say, and without any reserve, that I most heartily concur in its whole tenor and spirit. Thou- sands and thousands of labourers are needed in a field so vast, and I cordially unite with you in praying the Lord of the harvest to send forth more labourers; and if a word to your Brethren in the Churches at home, from one who has been more than fifteen years in this field, can be of any The fields are already avail, say, Come over, and help us. white; Come over, and help us. Accept my best thanks for the Letter, and believe me, &c.

(Signed.)

E. V. BRIDGMAN.

The following very important document, giving tolera- tion to the Chinese to profess Christianity, and sanctioning Missionary labour in the five Consular Ports, was transmitted to the Committee by the Rev. G. SMITH.

Ke-Ying, High Imperial Commissioner and Governor General of the Two Kwang, respectfully addresses the throne for the purpose of presenting a Memorial. He finds on exa- mination that the religion of the Lord of Heaven is that which all the Western nations adore and receive, that its object is principally is to admonish to good, and to condemn evil : that, therefore, from the time when it was introduced into China, during the previous Ming dynasty, it had hitherto not been prohibited; that subsequently because some of these Chinese who practised the religion, took advantage of that religion to do wickedly, even to the seducing and defiling of men's wives and daughters, and the using a cheat to take out the pupils of sick men's eyes; the Government did then search out and punish them, of which there is record, that in the reign of the Kea King, a special clause was for the first time laid

down, separately providing for the punishment thereof, and that therefore the prohibition was originally directed against those Chinese, who made a pretext of the religion to do evil, but it was by no means directed at that religion worshipped and received by all the Western nations. Now the request of the French Commissioner La Grené regarding the point, that those Chinese who practise this religion and do well, be exempted from criminality, seems as if it could be carried into effect. He must therefore request that as regards all who hereafter learn and practise the religion of the Lord of Heaven, no matter whether they be central or outside people, and who do not cause disturbances or do wickedly, he may respectfully crave the Celestial favour, permitting to and conferring on them an exemption from criminality; and should there be any seducing or defiling of men's wives and daughters, or using of craft to take out the pupils of sick men's eyes, or any other crimes, otherwise offending the laws, they shall, as before, be punished according to the established laws. With respect to those individuals of the French and all other Western nations, who practise the religion, let them accordingly be permitted to build halls for worship at the five ports of commercial intercourse, and they must not presume to enter into the Inner land to dis- seminate that religion. Should they act in opposition to, or turn their backs upon, the treaties, overstep the boundaries, and act irregularly, the local officers will, as soon as they seize them forthwith, send them to the Consuls of the several nations to restrain and punish them: but death must not be inflicted on the spot, in order to evince a cherishing and kind disposition. Thus peradventure the good and the vile will not be intermixed, and the laws of kindness will mani- fest their equitable course. This request regarding those who practise the religion and do well, being exempted from pun- ishment, it is his duty to present it to the throne in a respect- ful Memorial, and he humbly craves His Imperial Majesty graciously to assent and grant that it may be carried into effect.

A respectful Memorial.

T. C. JOHNS, Printer, Wine Office Court, Fleet Street.

Si.

1813 HongKors of Pall Mall 287 12th Sept 1846

C.C.

GRP.14 1946

יד

In reply to your

letter of

the 4.4

the

Instant, Sam desired to state, for

information

Earl Grey, that the

Society for the Propagation of the Cospel having devoted such of its

Resources

were available, to aid

the endowment of

Bishoprie in

China, is unable to assist any

Measures

for the support of Schools

at Hong Kong.

A is probable that the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge

have

directed its attention to

Rev

May that object. The Secretary, the Raw F. B. Murray, by Lincolns In Fields, would be able to furnish

Airy informations

which

you

Trea

night with for with respect to the plans of that Society. I have the honour lobe Li

Your obedient Servant

G.Hagen

B. Huves & Fr M.R.

1830 Hongkong

RECE

298

Wesleyan Mipion House

Instipsgate Preel Within,

Jeptember 16th 1846.

Fir.

I have embraced the

carliest opportimity of submitting, to the Wesleyour Mussion cry

Committee

your

letter

4th instant, conveying

llie-

verging the request

Add this to the other answers.

the Right Stonourable

the

Earl Grey to be informed, whether

the Wesleyou Feriely have taken,

Berganin Hawet, ly

Всегда

4.c.

Ve.

AFTER

Trea

که

or contemplate taking, any steps for the

-promotion of

Education by means of Missionaries,

by other

means,

the

Colony of Hongkong, - and Fam

most respectfully to

convey

to It's Lordship the information that although the Committee home repeatedly had the claime

of Chince urged upon their attention, they regret that they

have been prevented by the

state of

the Sexiety's Funds

arranging to

from

employ any description

of agency either within the Chinese

Empire,

or in the Autish Colony of-

Hongkong.

I have the honour to remain,

Fir

Your obedient Servant

John Beecham

299

{

all Ilv

aut werd

bee..

how nceived

Treat

Has any

Offic

Anance

Assumunicating been made to the Linden Baftist

Soniches?

Con

720

this subject was made to

The Secicla vies

of the Lonton - Masin

mary Society,

Society (according,

the

8th Just " _ [Vide Bright to Kes : 4. Ht Fagan) __ leo

to the Steppace's meciite on letter 1769 / o

and the Baptists Missionary

has as

Austolo

as get

been recevord

ord from

7/4

those Souêties.

Appy 81

Butly

Will thin

complete.

1806 Any Mayer Progate Sheen

UCEIVED

SEP 24

1846

Londow,

300

Japh. 19141846.

which

Thave the honom to'actuasleage the receipt of a Communicator from van Lordship through Mr Lee. Stephen, in Your Lordship requests to be informed whether the Baplish Missionary Sonely

Contemplate taking an

Lave

Про

༡༩༨

Taken

tops for the promotion of Education " in Colon of Itong Kong!

Я перв

Я вед

pesens the Society have

bolory.

The

to Plate

thie an

Agents in that

for a Misam to

to commence

bis having ahead, obtained Dorations

to a Considerable amon China, the Commce

and

them,

་་

e are pledged

Shared Hong Kong aptem to

Consequence

Eave

oh hon the Earl Grey

of the population

301

Leshan

appropmate field, beyond

Agent will be sent thither

& Achools will be commenced.

rangement however is now

понед

This

likely to be

for Belve months to come.

I have the honour to remane

You Ladships ofthenedle send.

Joseph Angur

Seer Runs.

24 Sefer Mr. Hundek add in to the dire

Ans

October 1848.

1210 Hory Hong-

RECEIVED

OCT. 9 1846

Mission House,

Blomfield Sheet -

94 October 1846.

Sir :

I regret that I have beens

unable, from the want of precise

information, to give ans earlier reply to the inquiry of Carl Grey, which

you

did

yours

mes the honour to forward

communication of the 8th ulto

us to the present operations or future

prospects of the London Missionary Society for the promotion of Ceducation James Stephen Esz

يعا

но

302

in the Island of Hong Kong

From the Rev Dr. Leggel, one of the Agents of the Londons Missionary Society in that Colony, who is now in this Country buit

shortly intending to return thithers)

I have received the enclosed brief.

statement; pom which you will

learn that the present Educational

- Institutions of the Society are limited

and in no respects adapted to

General purposes.

But Dr Legge, together with his Colleagues in Hong Kong, in

accordance with the wishes of the Directors of the Society will be happy

to exert

any

influences they may

possess, by their knowledges of thes

languages aro

503 otherwise, in promoting

the benevolent designs of the Government

for the advancement of Education: shoulds Carl Grey honows

and

Dr. Legge

or the Officers of the Society

withs ans interview, they would bez happy to communicate all additional

information in their power.

I have the honours to be,

Sure,

On behalf of the Directors of The Londow Missionary Society

Yours most obedient Servant

Arthur Kidman, Sieß

ویر سکه

10th Oct Mor Elawes. J.

the question

Buck on

to Suffert

سید

former foolery,

lterations

cutter by

letter tesnes

Kay Kong very

& Ve

the inthactions

Lad Grey

བག་

Hal Subjut

But it may be well to direct the Governor to ascertain whel is

The film al Singapore of a

Cenang

to whach & Lage

川

な

No Aniver.

muy

71 M/

the

is impotent

inquiry

he peop Stanber

has beak lately

hagiz se

Mbe

ned com

ints pu to hay

25.4

beat hain by Lokay

ki Letiri anund

shead,

anced fine in

sam unfin

thes opinim ure.

I have no Azicht to this

being done.

intervie

in whitende for whose my

regret that my

Who with resent to the what he

pant & myjest that if L. vhd call.

sbrence sentrit out of my homer for the present to

나라서

stred

Ms. R. Harniry.

The Rew. A. Tidman.

20.

when 20

:20

1210 trong hàng

Sir.

504

29.

October 1046.

I am aciccted by Ceul Grey

to actumlede the receipt Letter of the 9

of your

list?

force ar sting some banations From the Rew. I Logge the subject of the blank of Honey

of Edeccation in

Kong.

Lord Gry arts me to

Comy to you

his thanks for

this communication, and to

uiser you

that his abreme

ут

from Lindon mush

predude him at present рилите

from affording the interview

to Ir de

7 degge m

to the Officen

connected with the London

Mipimary Society, which is

| || |_||

proposed in

your

Letter; but

that his would be Mijed

to Ir Leyse if he could make

it convenient to call upon

mfo

Office

Me at this interviews, after Japeeme that Sur

which interrei I shall be

Hawes with sign then

malled to report to derd

Letter

Grey

the substance of the

Comervation which may

pass beteren as .

фар

337

ард Ow.WM

Extract from

1210 4. kny.

305

a Communications pom the

Revd Dr. Legge to the Secretary of the London- Missionary Society, on the subject of Education in Hong Kong

мир

Owx Our present Educational Institutions in Hong Kong consist of the Theological Seminary of the London Missionary Society for China. Its object

is the training of Chinese Converts to Christianity,

to qualify them to be Evangelists among theip Countrymen.

Connected with the Seminary and subsidiary to it, is as Bourding School containing at present twenty pupils, whose number I hope to see soon increased

to fifty

I concludes the benevolent intentions of this Government cannot be accomplished by means of either of these Institutions of our Society as they ares Bumarily and specifically religious.

оноо оно

But supposing the Government to institute

Educational Establishments in Abong. Hong, I think its intensions may be effectually

- furthered by the Agents of our Society

It would

(

w real source of happiness

Adu

T'ord

Offi

Ord

to my self and others

dence

jot

to assist in the superinten. such Establishments and to furnish

all the aids to theirs successful conduct, which

oux disposal

ours experiences and knowledge might places at

Oux Missionaries would be happy to co-operates generally with the Committees of these Institutione, and also statedly to visit them, and report the progress of Education in them.

As to the plans by which Government could best effect its intentions, I suggested to

Six Johns & Davis before I left China that

ар :large Free School should in established for the

be Chinese in Hong Kong,

ашоо

on the same principles

which are observed in many sucks Institutions in

possessions in the East. Those in Singapore and Anang

Rinang were

were particularly referred to_ They

are

supported and managed by the Government in connection with the European Merchants and other residents on

the spot, and their success has

been very gratifying

In connections with this Free School I suggested that there should be during the first

years of its existence, Closses of of superior character under talented Masters for completing the Educations of promising pupils, that they might be qualified

Interpreters, Clecks and in other responsible These Classes might in timme merges

to act as

situations

егр

306 Institution of us higher order and Collegiate

pretensions.

{

There would not I apprehend, be found much. clifficulty in procuring Masters and Tutors sufficiently qualified both by their attainments in general knowledge and in Chinese to conduct such an

Establishment it suitable inducements in the

way of remuneration were held forth by Government. The Chinese is a languages demanding much labour and expenses in its acquisitions; anof Merchants would be ready to pay very Aberally for the services of gentlemens competent to speak and write it with ease and correctness.

There

would be in the first place a considerat

outlay required on the part of Government for

· buildings, but the expense of Masters subsequently would probably come below £1500 Annually.

ано

It would be a

noble undertaking for the British Government to found in Gong Kong Institutions from which the light of Science would shine into the Empire of Chinas The Expenditure would be more than repaid by the services of well trained and Capable Native Interpreters, Clerks &; while the impression made upon the Chinese

impression that would gradually increase and extend - with regued to. the English Nations and character, would be of the most favorable nature, and prove productives

аю

aid

For

of very beneficial results to Both Countries.

I believe I suggested also

io Ser John & Davis whether there might not be connected with such. an Institution wrrangements for instructing English Students in the Chinese languages - an object which I am happy to see is beginning to be justly appreciated.

1424. Huy động

RECEIVED

NOV 9 1846

Youse

337

Stanfield Three 6 Normber 1846.

regret that

mey

town has presented

abance from lown ha

to your favor

an-eartion retly to of the 27th Wick= Fr Legge

де

is at

Mesent

in Scotland, where he will Remain

Will the beginning of

but

December

his delirn, he will not

foil 6 lathe the carlish offhealing

جا

Lames esp Ph. P.

Trea

ΟΙ

Sant

of living you on the subject of Sucation in Mony Rong

I have the honor & be,

shedreich

our Moth Obedrent servant

Kther Disman

308

bance

Trea

- །

309

Miscelen Offices

Miscel

Offices

}

Trea

Miscel'. Offices

RECEIVEL

JAN.22

1046

111 Hongkong

310

General Post Office,

21th January, 1846.

I have submitted to the

Postmaster General your letter of the 2nd Sustant, enclosing copy of a

Copy to Soxcon

Сори

3. January

rill 23

1846

79.

despatch from the Governor of stony

tong, relative to the uasion

the opium defpers of that Colony of Lous

the Lans regarding the convegan

and

of Mails by Reading Arpels, his Ladship, having taken the opinion of the Solicitor of this Department as to the Law on the bufjest, directs me to hranomit. for the information of Mr. Gladstone. the enclosed Copy of it, - by which James Stephen Toys

Colonial Office.

Treasury

311

awar

it will be seen that he is not an

of any Act of Paction the master of a British Pepel inn a Foreign Port can be compelled to

liament by which

receive on

bourd

Bay of Letters for

not

Conveyance to another Port, whether

the Colonies

His Lordship further directs

me to state that, it is evident to him that while it is so much the interest of the Owners of these lepils not to conving trails, it mits te difficult, if not inhosible, to

enactment which they

frame and

would not find the means evading ;- they might, for mista

start their Vapets from Macar instead of pom Hongkong:

his

and his Lodchip fears, therefore, effectual mease

that no

be adopted for putting a stop to the inconvenience represented by the Governor of bangkang.

I have the honor lobe,

Sir,

Jour obedient

humble tenant

}

hulll Hongkong

312

Treasury

Ia 22

22 Ja. H. Lord Systellin

Cer

presume that this must

nicated to the for

I know of no bet Parliament by which this British Vessel

Master of a

OL.

Foreign

Port can be

Compelled to receive on board

Ar..

ling of Letters for Conveyance

to another fort

fort whether

the Colom's or not.

hết.

By the 384 têt : C.gb.

Sec. 36

every

Master of

refsel Andered bound whi

lesine the jist Section declares Shall include tessels bound

from any port witter Majesté.

Co lowes) is required to receive. hourd his Vessel avery.

Post Letter Bay tinctored to him for conveyances and

diliver

है

deliver it on his arrival at the port or piace, of his clestina = - bin without oblox - of the chose

to take such a

Back

Penalty.

200 is incurred under the

my Section of the Hatet; and

if he do not ducy deliverbuch

deely

with its contents on

arrival ui test without

his

voidable

wilful or man

delay, 6. Sie Penalty of £20.

En..

is incurred under the 1.o Vict.

036. Sel.

local enactment

beat

be much to prevent tepeis leaving Hong Kong

obtaining

without

Port clearanc

maning a declaration

aurd man

arc

of the Forts to which they a

about to proceed, it might mavie the Poot Affice to forward Bays effatters to such Ports.

As to Lillers brough to

Hong

313

Hong Kong by Private Skifer the regulations contained in the 36 Sect" of the 381, Vict. едв Cgb as to the bonding of Letters from tessels inward bound apply to Vessels Couns

other Her

to Hong thing Majesty's Colonies - But the lutter port of this Section authorizing the Posturaster Gerical to appoint persons

to demand Letters from Masters of tessels does not

at present extend to the Colonies _ It might, howeve;

be extended to them bu

کے

Treasury Warrant under

the 788 Pict: C49.

should it be deemed

advisabi

(Signes) MSS. Facet

13th Form 1848

anc

Trosi

The Generators of the Solicitor Coey of the Opini

C.O.

314

196 Honghong

FEB. 4

The Secretary of Stands and caves presents his complement- to ir Rephin and requests that to will have the goodness cause the accompanguins oficiai Litter addrested to S. 4. Saime Exc.

Chief Justice at Mery Kons

to be forwarded with the overweigh destalcher. & In dept..

Stamps and axes

2nd Ferruary 1845.

000 Houstong

315

VR 28 176

43.1 May

Afpie

Smerel Sul

27th April we

From directed be the

tmaster Goural

For you,

hansmit

for the information of

By Gladstone, Copy of

Lester

107354. dated the 25th. Instant, which

been addressed to Mitgland Deputy Posturaster of Hong

Enz

consequence of taxt Officer having reported that be had sucived directions from the Governor to give mucipto all Letters addressed to Her Majung Cervica Sour the nomer to be,

Saphen Con

Colonial Affecd=

て

Your

поло

mumble

Tro

Indoor Shing

Jeneral But Offers

23rd April 1846

Baning My Postmaster General your

submitted to the

س کی

Puyss to

26th Febniny

last.

Jan

His Lordships to

letter

enforme

it is allasether contrary

of this Department--

مکن

ہے۔

316

the

directed

that

to the practice

receipti

through the Port.

letters sent throughe

and his Lerdolichen

that such a late

will in

محمد سے

while it

conduce to th

correspondence (ant

Sunles

security of the corespond

indeed the entire spole

this country.

country with reopen

pursued in this

vol

}

bectoma

Bonghang

一

317

to Registered better

letters, and in hich would

be abjectionable, is adopted will

کے

the Pay

retard

lord the business if Office at Hang Barry

bis Lordships the

: c

meets me

tate, that he feels it his duty

to obgood to

by the

lovers

Car

the Celonial Secretary and consequently

willy make

cation

que

محرز

respectful

to the

effect

to His Cauttency placing

hands a copy of

this Letter.

Should accept homever still be

required

quired to be

given

used on her -

addressed

abe dier

you will guild abe

all comm

will

acations

have

to the

Commands.

commands

in such

well

casc

His Excellence

bare

bent

the Postmaster General

tted to subsint the

fuel compelled

question

the

dee

of the

گا

with a view

Prgentys Treasury with

stop to a practice

which will render it

Department in

proper

عله

the busi

impossible

the

1 off cent

(aquest) did Weberty

∞

pracio

ཞག ས

-------་

веру

Lent Cal Maberly

کرکے موت ک کی چاہ میں

Ryland leg

23. April was

می

buet

Tre

28bfuil Land byttelin

I presume that this sh? be communicated

to the Zed. für bir sehremation?

I Dr., however, notice to the Puntury this senesed sistance of the inconvenience of offears being made to any pesuelo. of W. Mit hornit against the order of

Her, of a bolong without an iclimation being

at the same time made to thee God. Than

such AL

Appeal was about to be

transmitted - the topic is, indend, too trile to be of much use. Yet on sach occasions the Prolist ought, as it seems

تھا

sach narning

ap. 29

Mrg.ap

Jaeger enterity pre ap 29

to be

me; renewed?

738

End

Joue

Hi SchnDains M

200 Amy Kiny

319

众

1846

Homurded by 17 Mundoch 30 #Stephen 30

La Hallellen

"Sza Gladstone |

27 April 10146

Entirel

узгать

May

5 May 1946

LeColonel Maberly.

Lewitt, former

Copy

formation, the Cosgehen

a Letter from the Semiting

ん

Lotte Post-Master Jul

Sucking

being the Copy ope

вердже

Letter and drepist bestin

of the lepers Inst Muster

Спедити

ößtengkung, in

of that Officer Lewing reported that he hide Received_directions prom

the free to five Uüichtsfer all Letters led dufed "O2_Ster Majesty's Sunice

Candicetive

}

Tri

M. Serretury Gladstone bachnorhelge the wipt Jim Letter of the 27.

Puntant euching

場

geketter addressed to

Mrtyland, the deputy. Post Muster of stray kong in Congerence this being reprited to the Post-Martin Gural that he had received drriching pone the fovemen

topine wicht, foell",

Letters add

addreford

"Mujer Z Suvrie

I am

い

Wagnert you

bitte both Post Michi

Gevent that Par fladatio hes Communeatest a Copyogen Letter &epit Incline to his Shu Devis for his informations in Luts, Tematthe

met the some times to pomits out the non-

vemence yappeals

ван

being made to any

Dept

320

Department of Misen!

bearmint these Order

воленной для выво

nitat

quan

intimation

heing made & the Joven

at the Some him.

that muchan Appel

was about to be hom

mitted.

・

問

of i

to 84 / Trak 23 May ₤46.

Vicle to Perans & trente M

Trade

Copy to you: 15-29 any

15 Aug: 146.

246.

So the Right

حمة

أمد

RECEIVED

MAY. 18 1846

321

957 (China) Hong Kong

Peninsula & Crinital Stam Sangaton by

London 15th

May B.....

have

By order of the Directors of the Peninsular Orintal Stare Naingaton Company. I hand the honor to referetunt to you that, they have vocitly purchased and despatched to the part of Hong Kong a large ship called the "Fredrick 6" for the puspace of Serving as a flocking coal store for the Companys Stran Vesuls employed under contract with the Government,

in the

conveyance of the public mails and despatches between the County and China. This Ships,

this althoughs British built, having beew the fourporty of Danish subjects is deferived as regards brading Jumpaves, of the privileges of a

Honourable

W. E. Gladstone

1 a British. Vessel by British Wessel by

the

-Colonial Office

322

ation -Saws, and the Directors

are

Navigation

informed

that it is probable that some difficulties may

be raised

by the local-authorities of Hong Kong, to the Vessel

being admitted at that Sort with ageantity of coals and ships stores which she has on board

-for-

the

Company's Services, and which are

Service, and which an the Company property

request that request

The Directors therefore repectfully

you. would be pleasect to duect such instruck

You

Authorities

begins to the Authaidas at Hong Kong as may

obviat

the apprehended importiments to the vessel being permitted to enter and remain at the port of Hong

Kong as a floating there for facilitating

referred to.

I have the honn to be

Sev

the Service

Your Obechent Kuruble Societ

Strictory

The coals and ship stores alluded to are not to be landed at Stong Kong a elsewhere but mewly intended to be transfered from the Hulk to the Companys Stecomers fa consumption

board..

over..

....

Tre

me list the B? of hade she be convullend work. 14 many

atured

957 Chini J. G. P. Lefevre Pay Sin

1846

orreurded by MAY.

WR Mundoch. 2;

Stephen 2 Lon!!telien 21

Esso Cadstone

что

Und . 2 July 1846

323

23 May 20416.

Lundirected

Lee! Gladstone Blansmit

logan hemith, for the

consideration of

the Committe

of the

the Rord

Q C

for Freede, the Copy of a

letter from the Peninsular and Oriental S. M. Co

thus reasons for

stating

some objection,

apprchending some

at St Song Wallowingar Danish Vefoil punchand Coal Shulk to

Sthen.

them as a

that

lie in the Sm bom there, andrequesting Instructions maghe

tobviate angouch

given

objection. Before coming

Bang

decision on this

application MiGladstone

anxious wobtain the opinion of the Lords of ter

}

respecting it. and dann according brequest you

tomove them

lostate whether.

My are any legal or other objection

with it.

We con

fleance.

Range

PLOS. N. 0.957. §

1588 Hongkong Bophase 1676)

hin J. J. Dairs Bart

1846

Forwarded by AcG?

15B Murdoch 27

#S! phen

Farwes

Earl Grey

15 May 1845

(9571

Ser

بوک

324

29 Aug. 1846.

Itrausunt to you,

herewith, a copy of a

letter

from the seer to the Pand 0.

team h

navigation

tion Co

stating their reasons

apprehending some

for

objection,

being raised by the Local Authorities of Hongthong

Dansch befel,

allowing (purchased byther

Huck for

them as an

Stores and Coals)

to be in the Harbour of

Victoria - And

- and requesting

that instructions

maybe

issued by 4th. Foot to

oborate such

objections -

Having referred this

1146 Hong

Kong .

ance

question for the conside of the Lord of the Commutte JO. C. for Frade, I perlou t

shut

for your informative and

sundance, a copy of the струдека

auswer which has beew

received from ht Leferre

upon the subject -

subject and,

In accordance with the

Opinion there in 4x presed,

I have to desire that you

will take the

necepary

the

steps for securing to that

in question vessel a m

mooring

the harbon of thing thing.

Hongkong

Thave hay

2 July 1846

(1676)

16 June 146.

Vide Freas: letter 7 July 1846.

( 1328/

мно

رناک

3.0

JUNE 10

1846

Gracial Portoffice.

325

9th June 18416

The Postmaster of Houghong

reported to this Department,

letter dated the 27 March last,

My a

recent order

the Governor "

of the

correspondence from England, ching Hongkong

prostion

in the Marseilles.

tion of the mail, is schocied before the portion despatched via Southampton, and, considering

such a proceeding high's objectionable,

as it

strenders necessary,

sary tive sortie

sortings

ofthe same mail, the Poshmaster General has fell it his duty to your

James Stephen bezie

ке

Colonial office

instructions

instructions to the Postmaster to

descontine this practice, and I

are

durcited

tracionect to

His Lordships to

toyou, for the information

of Secretary Gladstone, copy of

my letter to me Hyland

Hyland upon

this subject

Jam,

Lii,

obedient

your

humble servant

326

Tre

nce

Copy

In 1146. H. Kong

GREATES

3x210

327

246

And d 16 Juney.

that bu

Orneral Post office.

4th June 1846.

rachung Houghing

the correspondence from England,

recent order of the Yoxanor

March last, in which you state,

With exference to your report of the

the Marseiller

considers such a procedning, mooting directed to acqucrint you, that his lordships

despatched via southampton, I am Portion of the Mail is delivered before that

ваше

mail

discontinue this practice; and you therefore desires that you coill at once highly objectionable and this Lordslaps as it does two sortings of the

J. Hylandly

Vectoria Houghing

will

explain

по притв

I w. answer that Ed. Gladdine has no informations on the subject from thie Gors - that in presumes that thi Gov. made such order it was on some ground affeand to himself weighty & sufficient - that this may, perhaps, therefore be ricturated & insisted

ہرتے

uzzy

مت

ત્ર

notwithstanding time working dinctions of the Post mashigend. - that in the absence of any short from the jer it is imposible for det Gladston

as to what

:a that

to form any decided opinion course ought to be taken

Uus & all similar

4. be obviated

Ihn Officer

this P. P. Jul. Lad o

afferize the far before

of his intention,

oflin

and

ཀཊྚབ

воров ходит

of his the for's acts: becuase, in dunt case this Gart

defence & this complaint will reach this Counting simaltiniously _ but that the pequent right intention quists, to address

such representations to the P. de. Gel.

mishary ente

this

Colonies is a source of in

sin many different

= convencence &

the it rests not with the bees of state but with the door P.M. Gud.

45 obviali.

Service

to di Public

bij

mnay //

Jun 11

bntered

1146 A.Kory

328

explain for his Lordship's information,

jobs did not report this corcumstance my you

amediately upon

the recept of the

order from the Governor, unstead of introducing to important a matin

Incidentatly in a

separate subject :

Jam

report upon a

seguind

Wtraberly

Molonel Maberly

1846

Forwarded by MR/doch 12 MEStephen 12 Lord Lyllelion 13

SEC Gludsime 13

Gladstone

16. June 1946.

helter

of the 6 Instant crebring

a copy of the instructing

baddrefed of the Postudenten Viale Seas tettere 7 July 2016 Gement to the Put Mich

(1328)

Copy to

1846

at St. time to discontine

the fractive, which hudhen Adoptive in Conseprene

the Jovernor,

Onder

of deliving the Cinesponder from byland reaching It try in the Mercille,

hefre

portion ofther Mil besme

人

that despatitid sin

Southampton -

14.

McGladstone devictims Dapurt that you wonde

wit

info the Int. Mentio

Geneal that he hanno

information on the spit Si Waderie - that

# Pro

Lepres

Henr

that of the

Order it was on.

.. އށ

frous hiet appeared

って

Bhommilf weighly unl

Iufficient I that the Order

any portese, the que, he

Milinted and insist t

nobirths tending the

buntary

directions qu

Post-Master feel.

Sam to add the in the

abrence

даму

Report from

the foverer it is

popable

for MiGladstone & form Any decided quinin as watch comme ought

है

329 to be taken, and that this and all- diiniler

Inconvenience, would be obinture if the Officer of the Post destur ferente B. apping, the fovener & his intention, wrögten

as much an intention

the

list, & address ang and Representation to the OMG. Apmit any of Loumons, actor. - helense in that lase the forening

& would acquant Lovemors, acts:

with the pur-

post- of such repre-

ри-

sentation

defence

and the Ampling

bould reach the

Country Smiltenes.

Inquent right of

this rule in

mary

Affinent Colonies ise source of iconnenince

уже

And delay othe Publis. Sunce, which it rest,

not with the S. y thite

Tro

but with the P.M. S.

babait.

Jamis

Mephen Reg plonial Office.

A 652 PA

Siv

RECEIVED

JULY 3 1846

330

1309 Hongkong

Tamps and Taxes Somerset House

Did Jeetry 18469. 2nd

July

Application having been made by the

Commissioners of this Revenue to Mt. J. W. Hulme who holds the Office of Judge at Hougtong for payment of an

Tax a letter has beew received pom him

anr of Income Taxe, a letter.

arrear

is reply referring the Board to his Bankers for the amount inthout however stating who they are. Thave therefore

to request that you will the Board the names

be so

beso

le so good as to communicate to

good

of Mr. Hulu's Bankers if they are

known at the Colonial Office.

Jam,

Your obediant Sawant bhadeft

And ? 14-

Tro

331

Charles Pressly Eng Office of Stamp & Taxes

14 7 July 1886.

laid before

Forwarded by

of the

Having Grez and

your

Smith 10 July 186. Earl Grey

W Stephew

WHawes

Earl Grey

ضا

す

letter

the 2nd instant,

I am directed to

will

state to the Com

missioners of Stamps

and Jaxes that his Lordship finds upon

enging that Mr. виде Hulme '`s Banker are

Mest Childs, Fleet

Messrs

ܐ܆

Perhaps

I had

h. Fumite may be able to

int wer

this question.

tion with M. Gulme

for the propose of receiving payment of the

fus

sup

payment

apon

Was

appoint.

moné

but the

effected in cash. I did not

thereson, become info

banker

ونه

of July.

Perhaps some one can tell who Anton's connections in this Consult

On 28 maglast a letter was cefeous Mr Hulme datet "Thistle

grove, Brompton" _Rodoubt.

The would be able to tile the

have of Metalucer

Banker. Mol. 7 Jou

W. Smith will

be able to make

Hi sugeing

Childr

hire

the

の

his

Ans th 15 Aug: 10416.

Benjamin

1588 Hongkong

RECE!!

C.0.

AUG 10

332

Peninsular & Oriental Stam Navigation C

Sondow 5 August 1846

On the 15th.

the

May lost; I had the honor

the Directors of 4 Oriental Steam Navigation

- to address by order of Peninsulav & Oriental

Company.

copy,

letter of which the annacect is to 4. the Cats. Right Honorable. Sie

-the Colonies._

"State for

any reply respectfully

Leentary

Not having been favored with

Som now directed.

to the same. I am

to call

your.

attention to it, and.

to request the favor of being informed whither

communication thereon has been made

arry to

Rong...

the local authorities at Hong Kon

Hawes by Saw M.P.

Colonial Office

I have the honor to be

Your obedient, humble Sewant

bb Howell

for the Secretary

Tre

aces

یک به

P.and 08.

And 0.8.2.C. 1588 H Koryg

N: Nowelly Sie

1346

Forwarded by AUGT

Mundock 13 H&Steinen

MBHawes

Earl Grey

333

15 Aug: 1006.

Samedisited

lallgers

Backnowledge

the receipt of gouletin of the 8th. molt requesting

the Beucusular

on behalf of the

& Oriental S. St. Co bo be

informed

hether

kai

Com

has been

icaleins

made to the Godth of Along

on the

the su

Fathe

that

flagment in somfang Danish Vesel

in the Harbour of

Blong a

Jue

ледата

Coal

uruelove et

Halk. Your

the same time the fig f

there feet

a letter on

Adder ped to Mella detone

the. 15. Mag.

Esch dam wiesen you that MeGladstone

appears

Whave considered

ihnee

ace

reps

before taking

the matterto

consult the Lordo

thev

Committee for hede, and Le according hansmitted aloty of the letter from thes

Ce to their dorshipe

the

время,

It does not appear,

280 mag.

жад however, Malang

ед

has because esived from their

Lordships and Lordgung

hasareading recollertheim

attention to the da

fect.

With ufus 5.

refere

Stephen's letting 28 Maz

вые валізу

J. Gl. Leferral

belle from

the Remnanter. XOriental

L.M. So F. N. Co

ava

relative to the Employment

a foal Hulk in the Harbou

of Ft Sony, of a Danich bekel

15 Aug: 1046.

Ride Soft : 2 July 1846

19481,

334

purpose

purchased for that perfor Samediated

to request that

you would recal the attention of the Lords of the Committee. For hade Whis sulgeat, the Companghaing

again applied to their Dept to be informed of the decision of Bussod! upon its.

пере

and

Entert

B.RT. 16768 Akong

Pand 6. S.M. Co. 1588.

C. H. Howell Exque

ん

Sir

335

29 And W46

With

reference

ney

1846

Forwarded by AUG!

letter

of the

15 the distant,

15the I

15. Mundoch 277

BESTophien

MEHawes

Earl Grey

Key to

am directed by Earl Go

state to you, for the informat of

the Pant and Oriental S..

Ce that, H. M. Gout. see no

reason to

object

emplopment in

、

to the

the Harban

of Hongkong of a Danish bessel purchased

as a

Coal Hulk for the Coś Steam vessels employed

under Contract with H.

k Govt. for the convegance

off

the mails between that

Colony, and China.

I am to add that Lond

Jeey,

compliance with

Your request, has desired

then d. Davis to issue such

histructions, as will oberate

buy difficulties, which

by the Local Authoriti

might be lacked to the

dmission of

八

that

question into

vessel with the Harbour

of Hongkong.

Shavet

170 15-29 Aing : 1046

Sir

Sin

Copy

Veninsular &

In 1508 Hongthong 336

AUG 10

3845

Semisetas + Oriental Sham Navigation Company

Londow 15th May 1846

order of the Directors of the Peninsular and Orinta! Steam Nangation Company I have the hover to represent to you that they have recently purebans and drepatched to the Port of Hong

Houg

large ship called the Frederick 6th for the

purposes of serving

as a

floating coal store fa

Seam Vesul

the

with the Government, in the comezan er of the

employed under contract

public mails and despatches between this Country

and Churios . This ship although British built,

British built, having. been the property of Danish subjects is deprived

as regards trading purposes of the privileges of a British Wesal by the Navigation

the Navigation laws, and the

Directors are informent that it is probable beat some difficulties may

the Right Honnable

W & Gladetove

Xc.

Ка

Colonial office

be raised by the local authouties at to the Wessel being admitted at that

being

Port with a quantity of

coals and ships stores which

the has ow boord for the Company are the Company's property

service, and which

The Director therefore respect

would be pleased to direct such

instructions to be given to the Authorities at

request that you

Antonations to be

Kong as may

Wessel

Hong

obviate the opprehended impediments

to the Cosel being permited to enter and remain at the Port of Rong Kong as a floating

facilitating

the service

referred to.

store

for

I have the brown to be

Your

our most Obedient Servant

Higues) Hilton

Sey

not be

The cool and ships stores alluded to are neve

elsewhere, but are intende

to be transfered from the Hulk to the Company

be landed at Hong Kong

Steamers for consumptione

board...

ого

337

16 Aug. 1846.

A copy of

letter

the Comm nucation referred to in

was forwarded to the 18?

of Trade. on 23 May

from

the Li

Mat

last - No answer has yet been ree?!

Med he area tot

that shed be

scaled enter

Rafely?

Irade on the subp

Арген

writer should be informed

11. by Dagen - Bruce the

Strad

birk

Sir

1040

1874

RECEIVED

SEP.23

1846

Alor

338

eneral Post-Office

General

232 Schlenber 1846

I have the hover to transmit

the imprimates

you, for вору Grey, Copy of

tim

Earl

letter peceived this

day for the Prohnisher

King, reporting the depa

ture

for

Givener of that Colony the writte

and the total wreck of Companio scamor "I buto

Honorable

the

humer to be

south east part of Hing they

I have

have the

ames Stethen Ery

Colonial Office

Sir

bedien

humble ciran

}

вору

RECEIVED

SEP 23

339

In 1874 Hongkong

Post Office, Victoria.

8 Jerly 1846.

Sir

accordance with the 56th article

of the General Instructions furnished for unach

quidance in which I am directed to report any

which

may

take place in

packcirlar

the Colony.

int Colond Maberlys.

I have the house to infoun

That

you

His Excellency the Governor, left for Chusan on the

2nd inclount, in The Majesty's Steam Frigate Wutheri

to deliver.

пер

that Island to the Chinese Authorities

in towns of the Treaty . It.

is recrnoured that Stis

مند

Excellency will lekenise visit Sapan, with the

The extension.

Luarter.

crew to

of British Commerce in that

Tregut

to have to report

the wreck of

Plecto.

the Horthy Company's Steam Ship "Pluto,

this port on the 26th arthine, to joire

set the left

the Canne ander

in Chief in the expedition agound Bones . Oce the

на

29th she encountered a Syplerov, and was rendered

nearly helpless,

and in a gain brying to make this

-Port

Port

was driven

sonie rocks.

Chuckpy Wan, at the South East part of this

Island, where she

lies

total wreck,

340

mearly so

You obeduirt,

I have the hown to be

ich farthful Sevent

(Liquid)

Thomas Hyland.

Postmaster

27 pes. Dr. Hawes

the

23 Life

5.25/

341

Apiny 466

Sir,

521 Hongkong 10 Schos quere

A RECEIVED

APR 1

1846

342

нам

30th March 1846.

Being about to publish a mas

of the bland of Hong Kong (of which Loland there is at present no map ) Sbeg leave & ask if but secutury Gladstone with, for that purpose, allow me

to make use of

the Grographical Documents which are in the Estonial Office__ I buy to add that thane injoyed similar furmission

- veral former occasions

I have the honour to br

Sir

James, Stephen Exy=

on de

your Obedient Servant

John Krrowsmith

4. L. ab.

1 April

be assentad may

пцар

that this

Fed

521

When Arrowsmith

1846

Forvarded by 37/undo: 2 WEStephen 2

Lowd Lyttelton

Scudslime 3

Kong

343

بید

4 April 1846

I have laid before

Me Sematary Gladstone

Letter qtte 30th Falling in check you

wish to be allowed to

make use of the hope. phical Document in this Office in the prepertion of Mefy Sengkang whack you

About to publik.

the direct me

to inform yo

Answer,

that he has

much plane in acceding byan equat.

ہے

hane

344

Tre

hance

1548 trong không

C.0.

AUG 1 1846

My Lord.

345

Club.

before & Cambridge Aut

fily July 30th 1846

Thave the honour to call

your

I attention to the fact that the Legislation Council of the Cape of Good Hope have resolved upon a plan of proteical Reform which if appered of by the Home forenament will under the appointment of twos acoctional Puisse, Judges heupsary in that Colony,

Ivention to solicit

Cel:

Ant ? 13 August 1846

espry

And

to consider

hu as

your

Lndship

applicant for

the above hamed appointmenti at the same time they to lay the following circumstances befor your

Lendship under which thumbh intuit Jam entitled to the favourable. considnation of thee Majesty's forcament. In the

1843 Hift Bombay when

was establirhack in practice at the Har and went to Hongkong

μι

In the

hope of obtaining the Judicial apportant

Right Houmable Earl frey.

hance

which would obviously be made in theat new Colony. Kathy after my

then hamely

arrival

the 26th of August

Iwas appointed by bir themy Pottinger

Lecial Adviser to Government and

い

Clock

the Legislative Council which offices

I held until the 21th of June 1844. Dwring that time fourteen Ordinances

five for the

for the Colony and Majesty's Subjects

China wome

drafted:

by me and approved of and passed into Law of the Legislative Council Of those In the Colony a casual

lawer.

Glawer

to the

will enabl

that many of not have been

your

Lordship.

them could

dilazed wo

ed without gust

and

mischief and inconvenience those for Her Majestys Subjects in

The Chiria wen Believe inprecedentest and pusented perfectionable difficulter in their puporation. During the

abome time the whole Avil and авт

Gremenal Indicative of the Colony

ncloure 21.

eets in China

and of the Majestys subjects in which now corts uproards of £6000 for

Ангин

Annum was carried on under constant

and Sessions of the referever to m

།

hu and

Admiralty Count wen held for the conduct and excectness of whone procedings I was held responsible. Iwas abs appointed one of the Committer of four gentlemen to investigate the cleans of persons holding lands in Hongkong

under grants from Captain Ellott and Not fohurtom the apper report of which commette was affecond and adopted by fir thenry Pottingen The preparation of the Crown Leases

under which all the lands are

how held in thoughing also, devolved

deck upon me Its clech of the Legislation

Ира

Council I attended its sitting, and. recorded its proceedings

as well as

those of the Executive Council and Lordship to the enclouch

they to refer your

copy of hi thenny Pottinger's letter to Lord

nce

rad

Stanley for

his

opimine of the manner

in which Sperformed there various duties

Than the hmour to inclone also

copy of the answer to the above letter Inclorum 4° 2

relying upon its favorable tenor

thave hitherto been induced to hoper

that I should succeed in obtaining

ес

Ligal appointment on

of a bacancy

the occurrence

In the Colonies and

Iventing ropectfully to hope that

Andship will take the same

your

八八

"Javomathe view of my

Falso wish to submit to

claims.

your-

Ludship that

services as the

nclosure h=3

его

only English banister in thongling

of within some

If it wren

thousands of miles of singular advantage.

To the forermment

८

a new Colony

and under the purentian encumstances

the can when it was so clesciable

to establish at the very outset the

аним

Liew

and

Regulations wonder which

system of

intercourse was

347

with so extrandinery

to be carried on

nation as the Chinese.

Shortly after the arrival of this Exulteney Kasis in Hongkong I was attacked

the John Dans m

of the lever then prevalent there and went

ten d

days

leave of absence to thacao

during my stay there Theard that

M= Shelly

Feneral and

was

to be appointed Auditor

Click of the Council, which

Л.

to be correct

orrect

wport d'aventained from higher Davis return to thoughing, that mimusten

on my

the

and the notification contained in enclosed copy of a letter from bie When Davies lift

in China and

without employment

Ireturned to England

in the hope of obtaining it ebrechen. Imay be permitted to remach theat the expenses of my boyage from Bombay to Chain of my residence there and

theme to Encland

of boyage have been bank

my tank corend by the ten

mother salary at the rate of

里

ΟΙ

£800

Autun

which Thave recend

ри

anc

from Government so that unless you Lordship takes a paramabile view of my

claims to Employment Ishall have received to recompense for my series beyond my mere expenses

I have the known to be

My Lord.

Your Lordships humble Servant.

Richard Burgess

}

348

hance

بتن

3 august___

Her Hamer.

here

Judicial reform by the

that it has

み

you

the bulgul

that the Plan

Я в мае-

the I think that

weth

говорил

But for the presale, Iceffore, it may

brough

additi

kee. R

Arid be de 6 the beher

вет

агу

dhead Hope

2. They

thest con

слу

الله

Con

those of other

Entered

B. 1548 H. Kong and Cape -

349

R. Bengeseder Sie B3 August 1840 Lave directed glut

1946

Forwarded by ANG?

W? March 11 MR Stephen

MBHawes

Earl Grey/2

fiez

wacknowledgethe

receipt of your leten of the

sollllino, vequesting

a favourable consideration

clairers on thei

of game Dept in the event of additional Reccone Judges being appointed at thi

Cape of Good Hope.

Freeph Santo infome

Sale

that in the event of

ang such appointments taking place you

lains

with be causidued with

those of other Candidates.

the

alge

Tre

ΟΙ

hance

Thy loved

ܕܐ)

youn

In 1548. H. Kony.

350

SC Eaton Place Londo

January 14th 1945.

tham the honour to bring

Andships notice that hit

any

Bingas late Legal Advise to the Government of Hongkong Mr Mroman_ Acting Deperty Colonial Seentary and Captain Amsty Aid de comp to the Governor have not received salary subsequent to the 31th of March and that they relieved from the performance their respective duties until M = Davis took charge of Government from move on the 1th of

Дані

༡༩༤༤

་་་་

not-

after

the

May. I have thenfure to buy very

respectfully that be bland to give

pleased

your-

Lndship

hall

the hauplary orders

In those gentlemen being paine what in den of them on their predning.

M. ht Hoble Lord Starling

っ

fance

...

}

the

requisite

Struct that

your

abstract and recipte.

hordship will further pardon

you

time.

Are for those feafaring, & for ostur by

as to do an art of afficial

the deep obligatione l'am under

Heading

themen Withe

to those gentlemen

for the year and alacity

with which they aided me in the vasion, and important matters that To M2- Burgass

devilord upon me.

心

Imay observe I was indebted In the

advies

tial and assistance

most essential as in the drafting and

no well

его

preparation

the various Ordinances both in the Colonial and Superintendants department which thad recasion to enact and Thope Ido not exceed my province

when I solicit

your

Lordship Like

on public grounds to plan M =

Burgafi gentlemen whe

hame on

ан

the list of legal

willing

anxious to be employed in

and

the

Colonies. Ifeel quite confident that

he will give satisfaction to the

351

foremment in any situation in which

be placed otherwise Sohould. not venture to intrude this warun

may

recommendation in

his favour.

Leen

of M- Uresnem Sneed not here speak Mince his services have all along conspicuously before your

Lordship

and

whilst it is to be remarked that his lebones in the Plenipotentiary: Luperintendents offices

mou

Onelor 1

lien

than fren in the

Colorinal department

Thave the time to be

れ

Lordships beeble Servant.

humble

Harry Potting

Ameve Copay. Richard Buy of

Вис

101

nance

1해

h.closur

(

Ji.

RECE

0.0.

1 AUG.

1846

In 1540. H. Kong

Lowning that.

25th January

352

1845.

Thame to acknowledge the

receipt of your

the 14th instant

letter of the 144

ιια

Recommending to my favanable notice M- Burgas your Cate legel Advise and the Chooshan the aportat kentay and likewin requesting that

thing

kong

རི་ང

the salaries den to those gentlemen. between the 30th March tact and

8th of May may

theat

ᅡ

sire to

Gize

Пизар

every

the

be paid. They to aperce

considuation. shall be

your recommendative of these re

and

Moosnan. Share

requested the Lords Commisioners of the Preassory to direct the payment to them of the Salary den

between 30th Thank

ཀ

and

Signe personal fir Henry Pottinger Bart CE.M.

the perinne

of they.

101

hance

application

and Ishall be happy to mat a similar-

to there hardships on Captaine Bendly's behalf in your informing me of the exact dun. which due to him.

Лис

you

consider

Thave the hinwest be fin.

Youn

Your most obedient Hewan t-

True Copy

S.W. Hope

Richard Ampfs

In 1540. H. Kong...

Ji.

AUG.

Colonial Deportiment

353

forcement Horn, bistain Hongling, 21th thay 1844-

In announcing to

you

that

a Chief Juster and Attorney Senecal have been appointed from England and may be expected shutty to avere then to request that you will if possible continue to let the forernment of this Colony have the benefit of your

while; and I had

in the mean

only ash you

you

Jairu

to exert the same

abilities and yead that have chang

Zeal

macked your perundings

Legal adviser of the Council.

the

I have the hmoun to be

Sir.

Your most oledien 1 humble Sewat

Richard Burgafe Eny?

1.J. Davi

Ruchard Burgas,

hane

Undid 12

For: 11

August 2046.

Berjan in

C.O.

AUG. 6

46.

1577 HongKong Orfpend & Cambing. That 354

August 5

ast 5th Wh

the the repent of last high to Peuliamentary faccendings Jobarse that to Bonzing Just a question relative to It practice of flopping for forth, offences & the colony of Houghong le the means of saving liberty of refering you betion 25. where

1844

And

us it may houth Note the

Mater to the thinghong

Or tumanen kr. 10. of 1/4

dinanc

It is enacted that he

lie..

the whol

ん

part of any penalty nations of Chirga of thoughong, of

chenen angen may to undergo

sentenced to

such punishment in

conformity with the usages of has bethet been

utera

china as

My inflectest.

Ishell fel qual pleasure in giving

any

མི་

Eng.

for the information which may he regained

Have Say th. P

of the Majesties the den Secretaries Pate

Thare the hour libe

Cali Legai

kin.

Your furt

Richard Bergals.

obed-dewat

Adain to the

Poseminen of they horny.

{

ance

Janney the Ordu

Mattawes

uferred to f Ine bourgas, which no doubt

Dour

of the exidence applied on to the penallies twas aware z which its formed pent. Iperceive, however, that itisperation is neversal. Tauppone remains the done, but to thank her Burgass for his letter, and tourite to her ). Duves in fulfilment of this

but he doupposed that im Explains the case allended toh inflicted of the ordina of such a provision,

reading that nothing

nitination.

given f you lang. Perhaps the best

and tie J.D.

copens ofthe quarters

band by D. Bronzing tush

Itie 2W) for full informe.

againe

вно

пр

ten rubquet.

Clised.

2. Видаровар

Entered

1844

Forwarded by ...

38? Murdoch 10.

MiHawes

Earl Grey

11.

انیه است و داستان

B. 1577 Houghing

Sie J. F. Davis

12 August 2046.

4 Aug. 1846.

355

12. August 1046.

Jum duieted flail

Guy to acknowledge thin receipt of your belen of the 5th mall calling megallation

Wo the Clause in the Ordinance

of the It Long Legislature No 10 of 1844, which authänge, the substitution of Whiffing for angsther fenaly in the forang case of offender, Mundafedi of the Chinese Emperor, Explanating of the circum. - stances alluded to the.

Downing in the Hop formen. dording toprephis tracks forgon

desires me to

Communication.

Maver

Manamit wou

herewith, the (opy of Notice receuty placed

thie Journal, of the Hofformen

ය

ance

Леской

by Dissouring M.P. for Bolton, celative to the Hagging of certain persons subjects of the huferonof Chicca, in It Kong, for a violation of the Registing Ordinance of that Colony.

Соном

thes

no information Lufect hadbeen received from you, englender Secretary Stated that fail

in auxever

WD. Bowring;

Enquiry, adding

Mat the

henalties specilly imponed

& the registration

Ordinance

for any infringement of

iti provisions were

fine

timprisonment. I move have mice this

aware,

hammer, that hy

Кстати,

the 25 Section

however made

the Ordinance.

no10 of 1844 it is provided

котор

That natives

Athina may

be sentenced taludergo

such punishment in conformity

anriver wat

پنج

einen been

भ

356

with the renages of Cheria

си

has been unically inflicted,

の

in leen of the whole oraiy

part of a penalty wwhich They may liable. It probablemen was

have become

Misenactmeul that the punishment in question was inflicted, but Schald be happy to receive from for any explanation of the cérmenstance, which, might derive Woffer.

пере

which you

•

hance

-་।‛।'',་

MESSA

357

4th August.

To inquire whether the attentions

of the lovernment has been called

the prequent application of

Flogging

punishment for

Petty Offences in

the Island of

Hong Kong, it being stated that

по

less

tom

Fifty-four persons

were

punished on

Saturday

the 25th day

day of spil cost for

Cast

not having obtained

Tickets of

Registration; and after such inflictions

were delivered

over

+ the Chinese

Authorities

to be

enlycated to

further

}

Tre

anci

further penalties under

the Criminal

Code of that Empire.

R 14 9146

date

Sept:

7046

RECEIVED

C.O.

SEP.

1876

ה-

10 hàng hàng 1770

Whenxum Clut.

September of 1866. 358

I shall fub much oblic & you

Salary J.

will winter.

up to what

em entitled & draw the half

что

the office of Secretary of to ment at Honghony.

Jour

Jou

ват

arb

aware that I obtained

absence from the Governor

Lie John Davis & pround & England for the recovery of my

my health

Respatch 80. 20 June 1846

(1659)

and that ich was only on arrival hire that I was made Jacquainted with the fact that i Majesty bade been planes. Froup another appointment

was Gazetted us at hod. of herftan

топедии

till m

8 presume thersome that Яринити salary does not the date

country

return othe

Thom the hover the

Sii

Jour chedients Lervent

дучи

Prederick M.A. Ben

Bo the

Under Secutary of State for the Colonie

ка

359

1770 Kingking

The Houtle F. 11. A. Bruce.

1846

MBStephen | 14 7. Mudah 14

Forwarded by:

Farl Grey

Howes

330

16 Sept 746

Sandreeted

Sail

to mall enquiring Breipt of your letter of the Grez wacknowledge the

9th

ли аге

arerutille

towhat date your of the Office of Senetary terand the halffulang

of St. Hong.

зас

that according to the Irreply Dam to inform

ordinary

ules

of ear

Colonial Service,

the

Cease

breceive the Salary of Officer on peonestion

be vacates from the

Office

The

date of your Gazette w the superior Office. date of his being gazetted

and altho doc

Newfoland is 1 Juhlast, the Office of Athod of dord Guy in

Mr. Hawes

As a general rule, I think that from the date of

die apperance as being promoting

767

Officer's

new

hame in

the Gazette

Office, his title to draw

any smoland. from his former Off-

That mile tod

гор

but

at ich Mr.

act

hing

Le.

censes.

Mr. Bruce's

half- salary

and from the jaṛ

22.27 70

Bruce can, disavow

his friends

accepting for

him, during his absence, the

ngh

of herfiland, his

At to healfosalary

will, I think, con

= tinne until his

own personal

Appearance

& acceptance

srich guy

вир

the place. But then the effect of that discorral. w. be entrich to rehase.

hom

kind of obligations to give effect to the promises

by Mr. Gladstone to Mr. Bruce

Sof 11. Same apuid test hay have led M. Mure

into inor, where affor

ceffl

his speaking worse afor

to make

to to key. Bt.

critica

It will be best to adhere to the ordinary rule.

Cintement it had I understand leenaces

though he was hit himself mome of th unless whon his marine

Lim Adecline.

the office con:

hon this must be prepared

She, accef.

arrival

Tre

aware that at that date you could not howe notified

your acceptance of the Office, зам

nor even have been man

opiti huving газин,

силни

beentendered

woes, get as her Lordship

informed that

d that it was

accepted on gour

ве

behalfly

your friend, in their Country,

andas on

Jou

arrival

gou did not decline its

he must consider you a howing adopted the acuflance

join name

минаше, айд

given in jour

therefore, as having ceased

to be

rutitled W Salary from

F. Hong from the 1 Jul

last.

thaver

361

}

a(r)

332

९

الحرة

}

ane

Unit 20

Coperte for: 37

April746

JNJ

APR. 15

huệ trong trong

333

Permit one to invite

your

attention

fact that in the early occupancy of Hongkong.

by the Britesh authenties in the

to the

Chera

1842. Dir Henry Potter

gen

very kindly consented to give to the agent, of te Missionary of the American Missionary

Lociety, known

Union, a lot of

the nam

Luce

a lot of land force chapel and messic house, rent free. Accordingly

free . Accordingly the agents of forward and erected i mission houses on the said lot of land

Lasicly ment

and teve

Chapel

cinct for the eviation of the Chapel Sir stenry is generously made a donation of $50.

When the government of the

Ballars.

and was exchanged from military to

on Colonial, the authontus said they

oil or

not authorised by the govern

€1.

to make grants of land, and consequently,

id us

han changue

c e ri

ground rent ou thin loh

which is less than a quarter off ces at the rate of £40: Forty Pounds jun

The

ground

e actually occupied by the building of the Chapel - Suy 40 by 66 yest

exempted from taxation, but for the remainder of the lot as statice ctiam £40, for year ten

exacted

Perniet onected on

house,

di re

to state that the two mission the's lot were buit by the funds benevolent Society, and to be accused by the agents of that society for the preassertion of a funty benenate it & chustian object, having nothing to do with merchantile or political affairs.

韦

Jand

The

Meligious

worship has been in the Levice Cheepel

language,

334

ngularly condi

éto

on the Sabbath in the Themesé

and school have been

by the agents of sand Locity for the

native

a ce

the both male and

てんて

A..

leal.

all of female. The

prachenty of the Mission has suffend a slight

areat

нние рече

interruption by the decetter rome

Stone

اسم حمة

of its members hat the docuty propane during the present year to send out a

to the station at

Hong kong,

reinforcement of they

Auel

Cau

be relieved from the cucharassment of paying

£40

of would

their present

the a year for ground rent, with thei

grathy facitilall the accomplishment of their lunenatent de

designs Missionary of the afonsance Locuty I have the prospect of resuming my under their patronage at stonghous during the pusent year.

As a

honor to be

Fir

Your

←

I my labions

and ham thin

stredent Servant

London 20th April 184€.

3 Deschain Place

сол

William Dean

Flee Lambeth Road,

Treasury

If the answer

Friday

вид

13 April

to this

it is

cannot be sent so

addressed

шина

Land Lettelling

the only suppose

as to reach the writer

at bng King.

5.6. 4. Apr. 13

Autwm

which

lan

be sent

that W. Gladstone will nammend thie dalject to the

attichid of the Zur, and where in posussens of

that Offers report will signify to hand this

"decisions of N. th's for

メ

on the subject

adding, perhaps, that it will be

to Mr. Gladstone to learn

was

that it s

possible to promote

this prons & charitable object without an

undue sacrifice other Publie

of which InCust

simply to the effect-

in bound to be considerali.

"the fintpart of the minuto offer. Stephon fly, p 14

I do not kunne anly thing ofther institution to woo Merrepen

thred

004/5 14. Land Hong Kong

Revd th. Dean

1946

orwarded by APK:

Moun dark the Mo the gate in

Step, or

Dorflyl:

tot ape. but the

liter was ruind on the 13th thi

date therefore nuest

be a mistake.

you

20 April 146

Lenn

365

directed (MM.

Leet Gladstone track? the receipt of your betung

Extant,

the

the subject

farent charged to the

The saionary American the Uerentes fontes is the

lot of land at

orignially gfanted to them offic Pottinge

l husben Erected

Abou

on which a

Chapel

6th

them.

AnGladstone will

Communicate on

ther

subject with the Govercion of Aethong andwhen he shall have had an opporting ofconsideing angremarks which that Officer mag

desire tomake on

the

sufect with apprize him of

the decision

of A Me God. " respecting

Treasu

ib.

Примере

Stianamit kan herewith the Copy of a one

representation made tome

Me Readth. Dean,

this

20 Aprel Wis

Li 2. Davis

select of the Rent changed to the Americans Misionmy Union for a lot oglund said to have been originally granted to there sent free stir # Potiningen. Teequent that you will

Shave

me with any

pernick me

695911

20 April 19846

(deviesdated]

observations which mag appear logon to be called for &Mr Dear's statement.

gmi

возил

thange

336

Treasury

And

F. 47 Hongkong

в Fearonday Sie

Forwarded by JAN!! Whundoch 10

MEStephen 10

xo detiitton

mfladetone 12

Vide Diff to Governor.

8. 16 Jarma 46

15 Jan. 1846

367

Same directed by

doc Stanley, tracks. the receipt of your letter of the o mirth and to inform

gou in auxwer

that

Athong,

the Agent for Sillong, Mr G. Barthie & Nos Caumon

Row, bestminster, has

been cesticited

Wpaz Salary

Wyan the half Salung which, according to the

Established luler of the

service, with become dure

Boer during your

дравния

leave

ofabance from thong.

Shaver

Treasury

15 January 184

RECEIVED

JAN. 9

4 thông trong

338

Wright's Hotel. Frand

کر

uary 6th 184-5

I have the honor. To report my

5 arrival from Hongkong, where I hold the Appointmant leave of absence for hivelor

カノ

می

of Registras

General.

upon.

Liebe

months on sick certificate : and, very respectfully,

to request that you will be pleased to command

the payment of my half pay.

The recessary documents have

bequ already delivered at the Colonial Office.

I have the honor to be,

Виняса

Governor.

Agent

Lir. Your most obedient

Humble Servant

Hanson

The Right Honorable

G. E. Gladstone

Secretary of State

-Colonial Department

管

Treasury

cel

What hus occurred sequeding this deam

reported. (Lir J. Davis in a

Weshalet Sifar

}

which Lord Stanley directed to be put and like Me Fearons arroad.

ご

portfound with her. Throw should arrive The Confirmations of

it should

affeur

to be fit for Service

ollin dan

whether be

Le a we

of Abserice was

was ever liker

uncil.

из

saw hind here the

It is quit char that he

is not at present in

conditions to

Ло

sinmediati alarm about

his life. On the

hang, he

has

appear.

دم سيد

Zug Sch

lachinhat dinchions may

hah & active young

half-sulary.

ཤ

ory to

maz

may

My Lord.

13 August wat

0.0

AUG 8

1646

1500 khong kong

80 Cheapside

7th August 1846

369

The enclosed Certificate has been forwarded to a

Client

of ours, who required such

cindence

the

death of Dr Richard Jones as would satisfy the Bank of England, And enable the survivor in a joint account of Sock, standing

ing in the

prame

that Gentleman ( in conjunction with another person) in the Books of that Establishment to hansfer

the same

Eny

Or Tendering this bestficate

at The Bank

fand it is objected to, as not being conect, and

more particularly that the signature of Bob: Dundas bay should have been veused by The Governor

· properly constituted officer. who had power to affix

some

Official seal to the

Lecipient, but it was stated that of

preane evidence that Mr bay

the Supreme ツ

bout

lure was

The Signature

be overcome,

As we

we could

wa, the Registrar

of Hong Kong

and that

genuine the difficulty world

presione this Gentleman holds

his appointment under Her Majestys Government we take the liberty of asking whether under the circumstance, you Lordship will be pleased. to duct that the evidence required by the

hance

Treasury

•

Bank of England should be furnished to

behalf of our blink, as the delay and

expense that would be incured by

end

ading

Hong Kong for a proper betpeate would

most serious consequence

We have the hond to be

My Lad

Your Lordships most Obed Serv

Fry Loxley My

The Right Hon ble

Earl Grey

NM Principal sect of State

for the Colonial Department.

370

Treasury

Mtawer

There can be nodifficully, Registrar

me aus

applica

Ay 10

centifquis

bat Melag in

but we have no signature Dpresume that the

Theffer 8 aug.

should be answered

ске

Kuy dox

1846

Forwarded by AUGE

Mr Mundach 11 \\M"Stephen

M&Hawes

Earl Grey

1086 on Mong

13 August 18665

Seittemen

Lave directed

371

Sal

Greg Backnowledge ther leten of the receipt of your 7 Mall enclosing

air

a Certificate

whom

Medavit of the Deathich Dr. R. Jones at St. song, and requesting Mat. Mr. R. Dlay & when

Flaps, this affidavits is certified Registene of the Supreme Court, and that the Signature appended to the affidarit

histure

in his tire

face

meceff

Signaleine.

Factoinform.

that there would be

nadifficulty in certifying Mefaghold

to the fact that In the Office of Registian of Me Supreme Equit in Salong, but his signature not being

Treasury

Known at this Officcit would be ine possible to furnish any

any certificate that point. If the verification of her dignatione

ас

he indispensable, the Affidavit must be returned to Willoug

the

for the verification of Governor, whose signature could there be certified

Ihr Lees of State

зни

Shavere

мере

97049

Aus- 26 Aug

My Lord

C.0.

AUG.22 1846

1660 Ar

Kong

372

80 Cheapside, 21 August 1846

We have the honor of

is knowledging the receipt of .M. Hawes ' Effer in reply to ours of 7: Jus relative

the evidence required of Mr. Rob Dundas being Registar of the Supreme Court Hong Kong, and that the Certificate.

Lordship of the death of

warded

your

Jones was authentie, and have to expres sur acknowledgments for the obliging consideration your

your Lordship was pleased to bestow upon our application.

We have submitted M. Hawes letter to the proper Officers of the Bank of England, and after much houble have obtained their consent to receive thes

Treasury

-Certificate if accompanied by a Document

which your Lordsh

from the Department over which

presides certifying that Mr Rob: Dundas bay

held the appointment of Registrar at the sin

may

the document bears date;

may we

104

Certificate the mae de outra vendings? Guffawer

Се

24 Cupficcte aundahe

Pepys regten

226

take the liberty of houbling your Lordship

to solicit that

your

1669 #hong 26 Auquel 1946

Rep" Joy, doylesto

Fonmarded &

1846

KA Mundock 25

Lordship will be please

Earthbey

to dived that the beihficate handed int

our letter of 74 Sus

be returned

may

us accompanied by the evidence above

named.

Allow us again to apologise

for hespassing upon your Lordships allem a matter of this nature, and to assi your Lordship that the assistance so ofte rendered to our Client is of great importan

and is duly apprecated.

The Rt Hon : Earl Grey

We have the honor to be

My Lord.

Your Lordships most obedient Serv

Fry Loxley & Fry

H.M. Principal Secretary of State for the Colonice Department

Gwen tots. Sunth

ས

Glutteren

был

Caulfreg

373

edirected Backnowledge

tireceipt of your letin ofthe 21 Mult and to infam

зас

in answer that the Affidavit enclosed in your leten of the 8th Palt with be returned you with a Certificate that M. R. Dundas Casheld Affedant at the date of the testif the Office of Regiation of the Supreme Count of Nikong, wit becctiones leges on application to In Peter Smith, the Chief Cleck

The fee

this Dept of this thepaid

this

Certificate with be 10/6.

Kavere

به

hance

374

Treasur

заряте

247 Hongkong Long's Kate. Bonethele

ناک

RECEIVED

MAR. 2 1846

that

26th Feby. 1846

375

کردند

4. 7 March 146.

Khan the hona & adchen 27

In non brequest bey earncitly that

you will have the kindness Export The the favor of Here Montes additiona leave of absence from Hong Kong -

Ford Stanly granted me the Last Extension of dix months

delicate health

of Vives fordon's very which would have made it imposible for her & accompany more at that time_

was in great hopes the would have been able to havel at the Torie weken

it wish be necessary for me I leane

the

England - (amely, by der Michelle of March, word in the inter- Schall be

The Right Heate

1.2. Radstime

obliged

Treasury

576

stleged à return & Reland & make Ahangements for leaving the Country)

but Freget tray that it is inferosce

for her & do so

ره

soon after her

first consinement which has just

ست

taker plan.

I am imperative Iblijed to go by beay of Italy the

My Mother and sisters who reside

then whom have not seen for the last ten years. And the form

hean Love anoth

of When Schall neve

opportunity of Lecing

the tale

of this fordon's health during

Be fount

Autumn a winter quite precluded the possibility is m

of kat tin

بشور

I am quite aware that my

has already

1662

extended to a

Keen Ex

and

Longer period than canal efter such a short service as mine hos Leen, I am bey unwilling to make this reguit

further extension but if it

In its

granted to me Istall be

Cannot be granted

obliged to have Mis forden

and ther

sant to follow me I Solter by The Spiel Mail, if they

Ега

Crossing the

are then equal

the deant; and if they

not then able to havel Whall not

making any

Lave the power of making

Care

Arcangements for their training in England until an

writel on offerturity may

seur in their following me to China

There is also

Reason zu which would solicit this extension, and that is; that on the faith of my private busines being continent as port of condem

Indument

des intended by Lie Henry Pollingen, I

Laid out at

1200

2000

Ꮮ

hang động,

large sum

in the purchase of a Patent

Lip which has been lying

unles

Can sinn Left China, and as this now is not the the care, tould ack for a little time here & Enable In to dispose of the Flip-Thane

only within the Cast few days

heard only

If a company

who propone forming

ot Kong Kong such an establishment

les had

and Cidutemplated, and it worke

of the greatect importime I mu

I have time here & entre int an Schangement with them take it

My hands; otherwise it will se

stally lost & me. Pemfertfully

submit

Lubmit that Ris bevoll be

Great Kandchiß

377

Есте

sime Shame hun at home thave had the returns of femer (one heng

Severe inded) and althought

Kanded never think of acking for

an extension of clam alove, still it would

6/2

صمت

Meut.

object & me bot & arrive during

#he

Keny

hot season which then

Months Cour would prevent-

عشه

Lunk under the attacks

flou Jesse. " asked Slave Lon Lome;

And taking met Fuse Cucuration

into consideration Mant

able & Comple with

be care

Expedia y

6-s

hillie

7 Bes

Colony

ane

Colony is not But & Expence by my sken

han the Kona Ele

རྒྱན་པ་

نگے

Marttat dut

C..

dererger food of Rag Sanch

378

Treasury

}

livermo

be to suffer under similar einern.

be thinght of a

Member

Whe's what ?

of this or of any other Publie Office having ablaund a dense for 2 gears me account

own health shi ach 3 months

you

Wife's health. Some indulgence is, of c

t of hir

course, one to offens

stationed in unhealthy climatio, but hardly such indulgenes as this has to the wish to stay here to effect a sale of his

property at ding Kong, hit. Corders, as it seems

weahn

to me.

still mahu plea. He has venly had time mough to the

purpose, or, if not, it is

hind

througle the interventions of Birkir

де

very easily transach

Imust decline on gununds of public policy wh are imperation hit with reper Mishah &

3 March

tas con borne by erson Mashuchti

What has alwady accurred agending

The Writin's absence

on the que the leave 174. Gordon, 1844. Si J. Davis reported that he ha

12 mon

topilehealth That leave

Lord Stanley on 25 Left But

1845 Korostanley granted Mr Gordon

עיי?

the 22 Weg. last he

Extension of forest

On the 128eb8

received a

all 2 gean

his leave.

Mfl. 5 manch hing

of 6.

March and bestelling

This

AL.

It affec

quat diffienity request. A Lean

that there wd.

ודי

-acceding

ག

uch longer period

serious canvie

The domestic

to his

indulgence in defense

ought, aff

thumbtoned thy to be alleg

of once admitted as justifying

absences 1. the

you

agaris & again.

ада

alleged life way Public

proline it

might.

της Σ

ther fou

cannot

In Apfelican

end

ཀཀ་༦༩

зна

7 Mark/46 24 Hongkong D.379

R. I Gordonton

1846

ท

Foncarded by Mar

MANG

Maddalone velistiellen Stephen

Mundoch 6

Sin

absence for 3 mon

Extension of your

rblettino, requesting

receipt of game leter of thi Lee's Gladstone Back the

Lave directed & M

ам

leave of

thes on

account of the precarious

ти

state of the health of Mas

Gordon

Aurefening

to the

McGladstone observes, that

previous correspondence

having

Each, making altogether

of game leave of Amonths

received two extensions

of St thong you have since

of abarece from the Govern

obtained 12 moulter leave

in the first instance

abance of 2 gears from

in which

Office in

you

Trasur

had served buburung short time. You have therefore, already engaged

amount of

сили

so considerably

indulgence, beyoud

blended what is usually accorded of the frown.

to the

the decenti

Кал

MM. Gladstone Express his

cau Canoul

coul regret that he

ful's compelled, on public grounds, to decline acceding

Wyren application for further leave.

Tharte

350

Hongkong

2 Colice.

1Immidiate

RECEIVED

MAR. 2 1846

Long's Katel. Bond the 27th Feby. 1846

330

خر

Ans

16 March14.

Copy to Gov. 12° 88-17 Ma

Why 446.

have the honor to acknowlede the

uply

Uceipt of a copy of Lie loke Davis walle

in the subject of my

& Lord Stanley

Claims, prmorded

Dear on 111⁄2 Sen

Cast by Lord Stanley's cleaine, losethin with an expression of his Fredshisei

that under the cucumstances

legut Nated by Sie Sohne Lavis, his Lorditig Could not accede to my requent allowed to take private practice in

the

Conjunction with my office of Lange Several of Hong Kong,

An ane

They to offer

by Solary

A recen

Liew of it

few remants in

tion of some of the circumstan

Explanation

The Be Honble

M. 8. Gladstone

Tsury

of my case which Thad nit Opportunity of doing & Lord Harley- His Excelling, Lie hohe Dains speaks

of the "Afpulling state of Atem" in latin be found all the business" of my

of which thi

office, in consegueme Bettany has plat tavoil horinty Beellery

glas hinally

I for Standing Colonial regulation by

Which sie vants

the Crown are

Prohibited from maging in private business As it seems to me possible that the wad "assear" might conney Meaning which His Excellency dan not intend, Twist & by plain that

this arrea,

buther Accumulation, of

Eusiness was caused, not by my

Luving

beer en

engaged

ட்

in private

Mactive, but by the non assioul,

331

afte. The delays consequent 12 founding

& New

ben hought out by Colony ben haught die John Janis himself; and then,

course, there was a great deal of cons on Land in my office, though very tame be much as possible Lad keen done in anticipation of hou ordens. As cons Explained & End Pauley in a note from

نگه

Sie Henry Pottingen Which Fenelones &

in the 24th May

fir Lordships

F1⁄2 may

Eart

letter to Lord Stanley of that date

did not intend to express that

ly Jcandinate persons in my office wen benjoying the busines Brad Lad" L the neglect of the public works; but simply thit & Whatian extent there has Leisure In

from I attend

extent.

I private Jusines Etam an Each person was enjoying the incing

in thuctions prom

Lome,

which

after

Reginally prominx & due

bart

"By Emolument

Excould only

Paly

In the ack

the

Amount

so equal privileges with three Which

May be planted to a junior in he

Hazement,

Excellency

and I do trust that his

will not repone me the

permission to employ

few Line

hours when then hang he Luck, for

interest, if granting suck

permission 5 another

with respect thy being allowed an hance; although, of camene stis Gallery

Ели

has felt it his duly & adtere & the

General tule Kal Civil Lccmonts

thall pay for their Lawns Freould

I take with consideration

る

Leing

allowed a

kann was

tho made part of my Emolument

& was taken it account

konry Pollinger 1ohen. Recommending

of my Salary

the time of my leaving the

Movided with one-

332

and up to

The Cold

Colony

hers

in the port of my letter of 24th May Cost to Lund Stanly referring to the Collection of Revenue, Ineuly

Prerely said

that at the timin of my beaning the Colony

hens obliged

# Collect, and

be responsible for the defe custody of, The Land Revenue;

Cere

Jexpressed

ce with to be relieved from Pis Hung

々

nt receive some remuneration fo

it - Learn for the first time,

prom His Excellening chapotch, Kat

Las Leen done;

the former

quite satisfied -

Until. read in thn Davis despatin

The

was not aware that Lord Hanley had given any specific instruction

In the effect of My being obliged to submie

My plans

and leternales for the aspione

affert

of the Commanding Rogul Enginen.

Finould

bey leave & point out that

hot at all

such a coure is unusual and that I

the effect of it is, to create a feeling

that the Comm

ding

in ability

Royal Exginen

منا

is my superin either, à conduct But

Lusiness of My

of My department,

من

Hese Sole

integrity; neither of which han

of which have the theor

prepared to admit ___ Whilet Fans

in Ceylon on my big way

that such a courie

Lome

Kore thus ettmes

сенник

was not followed

in that pland

Zhave made

Funke enquiries sime Returane

...f...

be the

Eng

333 and and Sam told that it is

Iwould respectfully

quite unusual-

submit to you that I cannot help

Gand

feeling apgivived at being made

aggiuse an exception to the usual course that too, after Loving by the Conduit of My office, gained the entire approbation * Confidence of the late Jovens,

their Sterly. expressly written by him & Fred Karley- with respect to the Council, as it is how complete with officers of higher station than myself, of

course than

no right to expect the appointed; but Phich I explain that Sie Kenny Pottinge tax his instuctions, (and to

Number & Fere

did his régal Rotaisen) as limiting the

Ky ween Therefore Complete at that that time, other win

Sprould have been affpointed-

with

joiti regard to th

The division of work

Jetwin the Civil and Silitary o Hepartments, proposed by the Excelitury, there can be 20, sossible objection

to it; it is not usual, so generally, Be Solonies all buildings for Civil

Berposes

under the control of th

من

Curvega Joneral, but the crangement

proposed by this by colloney is equally

weich is fiul the

My Daly good- duties & each thould be clearly defined And that whition works are attacked to the civil department thould al Wholly and solely under the Control of the Survey Feneral ; thus preventing Any unpleasant fueling arising bestem two Kanches of the Jurine which Should act in harmony,

esse when

And

When the duties are

les in

334

Lespacate Baragraph of the dispatch & whit "an apting für Excellency suggests

Ceylons in the Concluding

Kat even under the Encuristamos

Ken stated, pamely lessening the

tutres d'

ffline

it might be matter

Mr Lud Stauby's Consideration whethe

My salary thould not be put on a

par with that of the Chief Magestiale

and of the Featur

A Ley

Thom Treatm

Find Consideration of

the circumstrous of my care whit

Arpectfully Jubmit in

Heut

Lordships for believing that img feina

plaitin would be contrived I de

Inverted large sum & Phones,

my leten of gesturey, State:

Explained.

Lany

end

མ་འགན་

And

of my

to pray for

conside

a reconsideration

fox Cac

regards

ads a

Lodging money, for

or un

Allowanc

if oblijed I pay jus

042

Lance,

Can only rageet Foot. I even left England

at the Saccafice & my health, for lack

is the bolue of money at Lony Rong a

Rolice not being More from qual & a Super in Justin,

as Lie Kenny Pottergen

من

irate à Itu Gajiet, foun

trying the bemount of solvin, that

inch

Might have been better off athen

лай

with Mr. Brunch's Acommendation

Frame the Konn be

Jom

نک

Most that bat.

Farge finde ich kay long.

That Une Subordinalis shr. be placed under the same

prohibiting

their

Chief.

Works being submitted to the Commanding Engineer 3. Mr. Gordon objects to the Selvimalis for livel

The

3 Ma

335

Lord Lestellind

Imeral of Hong Kong ought not to carry

hows each other on the following question's :

put The Gus. Thinüber that des. Gordon the Sunveger

The writer and the God. of Kong Rang deffer

ar a

burouss the most inferrlant beiness.

tod . soon become the most numerous hours, and the private in that could not be properly allowed. Une leiseen hows have that frivilege during his leisure howes. My opiniond Surveyor for frivale persons. Ed. Horndown wishes to his basmiss

учу

allowed this privilege, and he

2. Mr. Garden lago that his subordinatio

are

only

asher what they

The statement seems

farhally

Ime: and

nichesine is

have

Giound that it is unusual _ that it, therefore, implies distrust &

indignity.

must be regarded unusual. Military Enginens

verify

are

But the fact is that it is not

anhighly

employed as ofline as posible 6- or correct this extimalis of Colonial Enginens.. It is Convenient practice because this Millary Offer is for thin the ollen from local influences and pechersessions & is therefre

a better Guardian of the Oublic Purse.

4th. It is stated, and with acemacy

mose exempt

that Mr. Gordon had promises for die Hung Pottinger of advenlages which have not been halfilled. But die dr. Pottinges only promised to neommend him For thine & theit commendation has not ben successful, so that there is no real heach of contract. Besides the intimacy of not the relationship between theme was such as to dehart considerably from the value of such pledger

es die dr. Potinger.

شبهه

did give.

5.4. hd. Gondow of us to the concluding persage of the Grier Berpalite of the 17th deftimber

as a oitical neommendations of are Encrease of salary in his favour. But such is not the effect of that passage. The God. has not advised the encrease & without his advice it wo be vaid to act the dunsung to sanctions it

жазы

Leh

Whichts

MtG. Mar. 4.

that ther gentleman disappointment that Caul at the door

perate

сам

In A Pettinger. I think it should be pointe out to him in reply that walch he show that the forronment,

или

committed A.

to the conditions under which hie A Pottinger

recommended the amount of her salary, (which

the Gordon calle fixing it, they cannet de tallen

notice of .

It is not clean

the former don ent

leaning

Found

сем

mecan

to shar

ん

whettin

increase of salay

the end of his despatch

int

slight

mut I suffon

Ihre ausson should I that such increase

актино

bein recommended by the fun in this Dehante

morr

agree

the Treasury in the

in the matter. with fire tifhen that the subordinate officen in the Surveyn general's

Offen suuld be pushibited from

pivate praction.

جعه

Checkl

thed

A. Kho

i do

Co Down

1846

Forwarded by as

3 Mundock 146 FStephen | 14 Lord! Helton

Copy to for: 10-39-17 Marchinte

9.350 Houghing

Segestin

16 March 146.

336

Lave directed GM.

Lees

Lect Gladstone Back .

game there wish of gom lettre of the 27 Eettime commentry upon the report on your

Сале

contained in Sie

claim

J. Davis Decopatch of ty Lept last No128.

In regard to goudtain Whe allowed private.

state that Mractive you

you out device equal privilege, with thane which may be granted.

ted to a

Bajinin

in your department, and

bust that

да

Jace

след

един

not be refused pennision templag gou

hours for your

leisure

Advantages, is such a permission is granted to

another.

Upon this point M!

Иран

Gladatine derive, welding

that he e

coneurs in the

the

mopnich of obrewing

argaistall седай

same rule in

Officers of the Levezons General's Departementen but the conclusion towhich be Comer is hot that hs would

be right to a llaw private Mactice Bon,

may

it be nece

but that

necefang to

with deand its from there.

The cease

ceanour for the decision,

which he believes lobe in accordance with the cuciousel

где

martine in the Colonies, are too obvious weequire explanation; and he with according Accel Sic J. Davis to

hate for the fatent in

bake masons for Un

establishment of the wh

it was

337

The next point to which

але не

gace repen is gour application for an allowance for a hause. Altho

• Sou douth correct in stating that this forced pont of themidecument held out

to jan a cauft the Office,

Stir St.Potanger to

e e e

Gladstone desire, me

to observe Mattie St. Pottinger's arrangements subject to were exprefly s Fabreguents

the furtive con forceeation

of St. M.Godt and that he

Unresen justly tot of e

assundly you thaten had an thority to offen

had no conclusion

an advantage of thes Kined. MiGladstone regrets, therefore, that he

cannot in this instance

depart from the general

bid, the

kale which for big grant to any public Officer, except the Governor

mce

some few Offices whore dutée, one of a feention native,

In Eglonge of a Hansson

allowance in lien of it.

You

thew object to the thewolgen subrcission of your plaus Patinated for public Hocks Wo the Commanding &. E, and state that you help feeling aggrieved at

kering

canest

made an exception

15 the usual course in this

respect. Jam Woolate in

ausiven

ал

that

are

· gave at that едал

pposing the

mistaken in Lu

Lofted

course proposed to be laten

in this respect to be

me.

precedented or mutual_

that it is

won is it intended to impl aug dixturest of gou profesional abilif. But considering the great expense which is likely, the incurred for public. Whacks in Skag AM. Godt feel bound to submit the flauxand

Exlivate,

сед

338

Extineates for auch Mocks.

w the most careful scruting

and is evident that such

with be more

абели

ruthing

efficient when conducted

tivo

Officers entirely

independent of each other; then when left to the. judgment of ous one.

death you refer to that paragraph of die I. Davis Despatch in which he leaves in for the decision the Lee. I opettate whethe your Salary should be micreased to thuvamez

that those of the

bate as

Keasurer Chief Magistate dave to point out to you, however, that Lie Y. Daver havuot recommended

any

duchicercare, and

Wadd that without cons

383 HryKing

C.O.

MAR. 7

1846

339

bond. It

7th March. 104

decided recommendation

on his part, accompanied да Ja satisfactory explanation of the grounds on which he

the Salary incom.

consider the

-mensurate to the duties, of

the Office, McGladstons.

would not feel gratified

to the Lordsof

proposing this

hearing my mecease.

але

the the referee of the Sottishamnt

the expense

of the

at HtKong.

Marke

Ans

Marchy

cai

have this moment learned that you cannot comply with

My request tb allowed them Mouths Comper leave of absence

from Hong Kong - thankel Esteem it a great foon is so

t me an extension

Could pont me ain

grant

of fourteen days, which would

Make the difference of a worst

in the time

of my leaving

County, and

The Right Barker

W. E. Radstone

by that means

nance:

里

thould be able & make

arrangements for

Mrs. Fordon

سع

follow me, if unable t

Acompany live

Then the home the

Mort

Jon Muvit oht Lut

Jurayer fel. 7 Horyking

390

Lnd Lyttelton

that M. Gordre might

qualified his last applications for

absence for

myg

ths, by

as well have

extended leave of

Hi acknowledgment

made that a fortnight w., frehaft,

ohmy

20.4

And wir

Un dame.

But I presume that 2d. Gladstone will

not refuse the indulgence in the forme

ife is now

ท

ashd

win which

which however shows

sometimes is to be

little incredulous.

ужачими а

blu

how useful it

My nech 7.

Tre

breel

283 Amphig

R. J. Gordonly

391

DS.

1846

Fonwanted by MAR

VEStephen

Mundort

Lord Lyttelton

Sue Gladstone

Vide toh Gordon. 16 Maretfub Reciept grunsetter to achnowhapette

in ups that.

of the 7th distant, and to inform yo

by Sureting Pluton

изрич

the arcumstances

Thites, be acceder

theremi

fronextermin

By application

Leave of

SHES.

anco

Absence for 14 dags.

همینه مو رنگ سے

де,

RECEN

C.O.

APR 21 1846

943 bóng lông.

332

4 Welbeck thut- Cavendishly.

London. 20t

April

1846

"d23

April 186.

have the honor & acknowledge

the receipt of Lord

letter

of 7th 9th and 15th March last

in reply to my letters of 26th Fely.

March, and 275 Fely. Cast and

I bey respectfully & Rank van se zorum attention consideration of My

Cace,

as well as for the theat additional

absen

to grant me

to address you

کے

Jan

wen pleased

Kane now the honor

houve

in reference to my

bitte & Land Marty of 7t hely 1845

Kouble.

Gladstone

333

neo

Fressed a wich

in which Exxpressed

Exchange my

situation in China for

le Limilar one

Peyton.

In that litter Iwas informed by the Hape Hat Lord Stanly had ver

سک

Reason the lieve that the Surven

believe

of Ceylon bons chant

tous chant Fresign.

Leal of Ceylon

thad, at that time,

at that time, seen accounts

from the Colony which led me to

believe that le bacancy

Мили

would

last

before long; and by the Cart Mail Preceived the most positive

information, (and from authority Which Sean bouch for being

Ribas

correct 8.

Fimonfe

give

though I am not permitted & gene, 7th

of my informants that

the name

whant to bew bacancy was about to

been, and

text

proposal for the removal of the

८

present d'urveyer fencial would be pwarded for your Considucation; and that this proposal would probably buch London by the Next mail. (the one which has this day assives).

My informant ales pane tu

information

Retire

the leader

Re Surveys Fluore

for the truth of which can pledge

myself.

the laken in, his inability

to discharge the onerous duties

his office, which have of late in creand inat a bery great degree,

owing

t k

Cultivation, and sacions

Mercading

Increasing Cullinatin

other causes which it would bu

Reedless

ཟ-----m-cTZ%་ས

334

Headless for

but it is

دیمشکی

نفت و یا سکتے تھے

ove

me & Enumerate here.

last hat the duties hav

fact

increased, wand are

how more

than the Surveyer feveral, who has not good health, is oble it

Becform

The object of my

present application & you is

respectfully

ھے کہتے

that in the

of the situation of curregue

Cvent of

کے

Several of Ceylon now becoming

facant you

would have the Kinder

to take the cucumstances of my can

int consideration and be pleased

remove me from thing to

Leyton -

The Salary attackere & the office of

حمة

Surveyor Several of Ceglen is hot

to large

as that which I now

enjoy,

نگه

but the difference of the value of thrney in Ceylon

Con and in China is such, that

Rhe former would be greatly purkrable;

and also the climate is better, which

would now be an

object

importance to me pom

بزنید.

of the furt

bery

precarious state of Mas Fordon's

*་

Lealth, which I'reqet & my peements the possibility of her are

ompanying me

# China _ My letters from Peyton also

Informed me that the Jurveyer Jeneral,

leware

the dissatisfaction which the

Condust

his

office

کا سلفا من متشکر

the lovers

Alien

of Ceylon, was willing

either & retin upon certain conditions

Tro

{

$35

exchange to a smaller colony

where the duties of his office would

not be to

Theron

Kould star

Therefore very texpectfully ask your

permission (in the event of the proposal for the retirement

Surreyn feverd not being formed

سان

by gan ) for

nee to stop for

at Ceylon on

on my

my way

Endeanom & arrange

expres

One Month

China,

an exchange

Waist, if I am permitted, Shave the

Which,

sery thouget grounds for believing

Should be able to

& effect.

bef

I would earnestly hope that the

becution circumstances, and

I may

add the hardship of my care which Ihave already hespassed

ی کر

On your

by laging lesser zou,

зас

will be a sufficient apology jor

with this applecation

My houbling you with this

and that, if you set you can do Lo

with propriate, you will recede I

My requent; for the affaintment at Explon would be

Every thing I me at present on account of Trus

Gordon's health through it would be inferior in halere & my present the (at least in the rectural mount

of Salary) and hary for

indeed

suferior & my appointment

يوم

Tre

21 April.

1 Kutumn the authors must be that W. Gladstone

you

intrusialed, and musé decline to cali hilo

: contemfitabins of such

h. B. It is certainly not uinal ton think it in proper that die E. Jenn

Cany

a fiend

* {<

་

this bind witte

Wondence of

England, apprizing huis

proposals about to be made to

the Gramt here for getting ind

776

of the princiful

of the leglow for Mrs. the

I age

Cars we

an to thin

But

you with dem

that di ErTennent

correspondenc

7727

ིན་པར་གཞན་

repenales Frien

Bre in

Silve

Than the houn the

Nan

Port oft alcount.

named. & I supion be sent out he aprend to be defordons

I propon to add to her Saphens fint pertapaph that the information mentioned in the Catter Letter from a person whon him buty, is not permitted to give strengthens my impress

partsflu

correspland Co

714, Struglimp

A. Gordon Ey

Forwarded i

1846

MESEC Gladstone 23

Lord Lyttelton | 23

VEStephen 22 7" Mundoch 22

не

336

23 April 1846

Bachnowlap the

Mr. Senating Gladstone

Lamdinitaly

receipt of yo

Letter

ofthe Lott distant in

thickgou

state that

belive that areeney

have lesson

نه

to it from Stingkuh-

maybe removed in that lase jus

and aquest

nquests that

Generel of legton, the Office of Surugen int shuthour in

- B

337

Tre

hance

Mulle

drtine desires

me to infrom you, reply, that habar

heher

meined no intimatin

Az any

much theeney

as that bowhich you allade, and that he

as is usual

Just decline Center

into an

ему

Correspondence

or crompments in

Contemplation quel

atacaney.

add that the m

formation,

mentimed

in the lather pet fi

Дево

zur settes, porn a perm whose mome

are not permitted bine Thongthens & Gladstones impression of the besighe

gathering

Lithe Tule

inheit his intention.

to act has been chave

declared, - although he

is for from miiputing anyplane bymes

the recipient guil Information

کے

گے

myy

821 Hongkong

RECEIVED

APR.30

1846

338

Although personally

I bake

advantage f

fandstich with tech

ろ

to address to thee - fer

auforting the accompanying

applicatim poms Purale Me Quezon

му

verfortable verpus.

much I doubt not

yon

her

furt and will do, her best to

*ipistered 822

تم

339

bring who her family well formet

L'aufortably. Sonny the

unfentanes of the head of a

family bing with this New

little to

mohamed

puss when ther

the reason

/ ረ

request

hope

myself

to subscribe

quat respect.

My Aunt

Jan Janney

Lomb and Steert

$ me 29.

им

1946

Uut the Government

ли

will

that view Laccede

ho 822

چنگ

822 Hongkong

RECEIVED

APRO

Jo to 184627

400

Hent Wette Ewart Gladstone

Husband Ungt Me Greger

resentere of Police at Uang Kany

That situation

haring

to hum

Rousey

character the had

in the

Pelici

thes

Meade

Soy can't

of all.

eight years

Busting

that Celony be write to four children between the

Wellm

& Gladstone.

desirous

I acceding

mai

Cherflex en

very

during eight years distreit_having

Dar

зигид всем

what portion he had fellet for six out

fermanently

settled in омил

hem there with

DCLA

years of age. I am

уши

بقوه

to his request but have not

with quest дисов

the means to accomplit it.

.ވ

therefore

himself to les

to your

ben

Joan Gurney

subundin trupert request that I may

вирил

a fere passage granted for reportf

миови

Forum beluch that

му

· foun

will have been

Colony

Jatt fartheful

был

husbands

Ivaluable

have

children

деми

Unt

چر

ами

with great

горив

Sarada

богат вре вредна

29 apoui W46.

No & Balaam Stant

Plaistow

401

that this request had

. before. Do it not vo

her recents

I may It has

but there

a similar application promethe

wife of one of the Ithie Force - (see 721)

And bestellin

and wir

Jame at h

Month, of course, he thin

The former

Case

プ

My: May 2

...

her

suby

こだ

917 Hongkong

RECEIVED

MAY. 12 1846

Dieppe

7th May

402

1046

I have had the home treceive from Lord Lyttelton your reply to my

зами letter of 20th Celt. Stating that had team thelieve there was likely to be a

A be a bacony in the situation of Surveys fenenl

and requeiting

in that care

of Cegler. to be transferred from Hong Kong to Hat Colony.

Imade

Regret to find that

a leglect which under the Circumstances was not proper then lotertained-Thome lift England

My releven & China, Lovin, bec obliged & leave Mos Gordon in England

in ce

sery precarions State of health

Aad

Gladstonn

Sta

ક

And I'benteure Chope that, in the event

Ces

to bacancy occurring at

Ceylin

I feel assured it will do (for

Wknow that the perform

duties presses to severely

Surveyor General pom the state of his health as to make him most

anxious to retive) my

Receive

ее

ce heill

Ел. се

fammable consideration

atzour hands.

Than the Mona the

نگه

the at Ochent Lewant

403

بین

12 May and Lesstellung

аль

мга

эл

May

by my 13

hey

434

Tre

hey

Endeavor

357 Hreyking

novcian fineste 206 fereus Dresioni, à manch

RECEIVED

MAR.

1846

405

ceived instructions from Exnover Obtains some information respecting

Lundby

The Leica Vanus advected to in an official Notificatio Lýmily M. Podul Dundas Cay register of the count in Hongkong dated the sypoventur tail and insertion in te lambro Newspaper

of which the following es à translation Politication to the beers and Creditors

Declared

Zické Jacobs de Meurth

Росия

The balance of the fiscurs of the Beaten deposited in the colonial Benny at Hong Kong. Parties Caiming to be entitled as Liens

otherwire, muit apply won mediality

necessary pro

Semiti

Wohli

Ilone

Lewray of the Colome

any such information

c'au

de obtained as your London

Office or any other public department où

in which case will fut obliged by the ame it 'Fring desirable to save the time which it Woned late to unite to Longtong for the stome

406

for

hell

Hanover

утону

лед

aschenhand

that the reformation

which the wrilin to his search.

Cunnol

}7 དྡྷ# -ན༑

Kingdawd

Hablamed

衫

Mich 3

this

tired

357ughing

437

March W46.

I Hallway Convullen! for Wanoven

Liv

1846

Forcanted by ment

Mundast to

ve Stephen

Lord Lyftellon

MSM Godsłone b

Lunedirected (W

(M.

Lecuting Gladstone tracks to receipt of your beter of

thed heat! Enquiring. with refernce

lates

wisected in

wa notice.

the Hambruge

themang алд

Recrpapers, whettem ang information can be given at this Office respecting pespect left at At thongy Ouke Jacobs de theerth, who reccult dind there.

веси

San

with

dereffe. Lantoin four there is no inform.

that

ill ou

- ation and this Office sufect,

nor does

Me Gladstan

suppose that any informati

respecting it could

of the obtaimed at any public

Departments in

havere

this

do Po4 Dongkong 408

804

Sin

300

din. 62 Jueen Stit 24. April 1846

has been informed

by a retired letter marked, "dead" Anclosed in

motes from the Post-

the death of

fill Secretary

my brother James Galhett,

was em

gent by Government the land office at that opface I shall fees much indebted of Words and the case, I me you will cause engring to be know particulars, if possible, at

rliest younenfest under

You

A Draphen By

ob servt Halkett.

Sir

847 Hong Kon1109

C.O.

MAY 4 1846

ween Street

جد

30th April 1846

I beg to return

You may grateful thanks your fee of 28" met Mr Gladstone could make M.

& for

an ingrury as to the fate of my brother, without.

much trouble Ishould bemont Thank it as I feel very xione Jam

Gor

Sir

an.

Your most obest det.

HJ Halkett

Irmes Stephen by

4 Tag and Systelling

　　　Bufhose teal tie proposed. enguing th? he made. Mrs Manu

Filmst

27 April

20 apt.

Nothing

What lo

だ

chett, dett

has not then reportal (this.

I have

In wing

1012 Hong Kow

May 27th. 1846

410

C.0.

MAY 28 1840

thisins personly respectfect com felines

Heine Jinsent

thee - Honorable Secretary, and trusts the the subject us

portance.

人

cards the

быше

dereits of her fabuily. onay form

ever for the liberty stea lakes in in addressing sein. Mit begs to

te that in march 1844 Mr. Helene Verses Jamity Lift Expland for Hong Kong

being appointed such qustice of the

Tom vetober miss Hulme died from and, M. H. at the same time was

inent danger from the same and though he recovered from the attack of fun bus strengthe hear

sive returned. In January 1845

was oblige, to leave thong Bay consequence of a dangerous illness tracked there, and Nast December

•

O was

H. arrived in England with her. viving daughter, who was in Cherna

very plearious state

iss Huture being

Attend

at: of health.

quistes con valescent

Misth. is desirous of returning to the thing purtice, but before taking this step the nentures to petition and solicit the- Krighet. Honnable you theman to give bi candid ponios, off lee

Le Cordo

idere cinder the peculiar and trying circumstan The Unes you live with be entitled to

Reterlily

Fusion, and furthere sh

ے میں

particulary requests the Post Secretar mes Busine

to commeminta to her the

prios when

may he

become availabic.

liest

The plans s. To zine ish, with be most gratefully

liined, ared_

Favor

esteemed

partind

st mud maternally englan

Mr Kutines proseeding,

to spouse the big tot Honorable

he with oblige nem with shall be considered bércitly private

con idential.

and

Elm Cottose

This the E

Grove Bron. plon

411

Fr. Jeans repen do to чере You: Dph 2072-5 June 145. reasing is Nov: 145 (.D. to Fry" 8 Dec;45.

nyo vey

reary

21 Feby 46.

hob

with the Prensary

subject? O

meltethen

denne

Janner the lated car

arvangerment

де его

respondere pronashiel

younih furning that the hearing love ropeseed to

give the Civil forvine in

The Ruth Hovorable)

ious than that

any of the

a more favourable sealeoft in force in this Comity_dt nord ess Emcaines for there to decide whether this will accept that scale, with its consequent to t

have a

En of speelt from nerdgrefused

this were again

East.

Lay D's

६

brut

then Valarie

these temer one. lothings on & Mante

And destillin

unsfarse that the state of this case ma be sicher med tent of no not,

مر

Office

Entered

412

1082 At King 5 June 1846.

Ahm Cottage

Thistle Gone

Mr Kuline

Brompton

1946

onparden in pone

ONE

MBStephen

7. Mundack &

Lord Lyttelton

Madame

Javeducated GM

you left Anthong, and requesting to be informed requesting your feline with

circumstances meder which

27 Altins explaining the receipt of your leten of the Leet Gladstone Back. the

whether

Rension, and ifto, of that felony, Ba retiring be entitled, as Chief Justice

the

be claimed.

Earliest date at which such a Pension might

Sove

that MM. God? have Ireply June tonifoun Dans

to that established in this

of the Crown in Ikkory. scale of pensions servidar offered to the Civil thous

Tre

ance'

the Act 473 Mih

Counting & the Cameling 4.C54, comicong called the Superannuation Act - but it is not get known whether thone Offices with accept the offer. Should they do to

thy

they

would become entitted

after a period of notless

Than 10 years

service to

persions proportioned to kilength of such service. but no officer would be sulitted belaine such

веселет

unless

he had

کی

attained thrage of 5 years, on should produce medical certificate showing that he was incapable of anglonger continuing ins the discharge of his

his duties.

Same to add that M.

413

Gladstone Rasnawish

that

you

should consider

this communication as

Revati orfonfidentl

thauge

nce'

Treasury

.....

1204 Poony Mo

Sir

CCT 8 1846

Long thong

414

62 Queen Street 5th bett. 1846

Shade the honor

to receive.

You

때

letter of

3° Get: 1846 transmetting copy

He ispatch received from

of Ibong Pione

I the

Gover

emor

for the trouble you habe When in procuring infor

mation

brothers

about my death, I bey to hetturn, you

my most grateful thanks.

any...

Your me obed con

Hy Halkett

६

RECEIVED

APR 13

746

604 Hongkong

88 Harley Thut

April 13. 184 6.

The Rev. Vellion Dean,

To me

аг

a with the Amaricon Missionary

meted

Chin

on a, has requested

на

ation to you.

415

American

Misionary

Anion

Cette

affording hem

of some personal explanations

inity of

inch he is des cious

of making. In

compliance with his reques

to give him this letter, and

It hou

M. E. Gludstone

ん。

I heare venture a

ぞ

nore the non or be

You The vent desvant

Louirk Lane

This had better go ferro and with

W. be

S.H. N.Ap. 13

Enland

MmMcGryon

1846

Forvarded by MAY.

3. Mundad6 M&Stephen

Lord Lyttelton

Meriladstone

822 Stenshunch

416

7. May1846

Iamonictedby

to acknowlage the mitt ogansetter of-

the 29. Alline asschich

Fora

Straßten. Ihr gent

aur Childen;

and

Santo rigen yon, in

reply,

that there are no

Funds at his dispord

from which the expense

приборства be defraged

In Me Martin

417

She also Bone Offeine, Binde

+ Cole Wilbrahame

گیری شوان

Prasury

rtin.

Houghing

Papers relative to

418

M Montgomery Martins Elsignation of the office of Treasurerat Hongkong

ku A

مسلم

In martin has hutuu a

note wie ich h

"peans of his inditional riguation pays to touby hold not formally accpto år.

Itam if in acownsampled in Hnykay - c!? pil rum Manghe del pecccnd he will. Shortly and mind.

der

Mr. Gladitme

Mr. Jose'r noli

the 18th Dec tor beeus to ascertaris that dud Stanley, had accepted Mr. Mr. Mamlin's Resignations - if by acceptances

in such a case be meant the definitivne but unwritted decision to regard the hot as final.

I am bound to adel that if there be

419

be permitted to sa absoluti a prendent & principle of the most serious hind tool

pay sage that his Resignations si conditional note

be established

ly that,

the precedent & principle namely that a Public be any doubt on the subject Affine to whous leave of Absence is refuted may, notwithstanding stances of this case (which I can hardly perceive ) the encumstances

the case reen

to me at least, conclusion to show that Mt. Martin's resignations

Eught

to be heldt auchusive. becoding to the Gournoi'r de fort he has proved himself a very imfficient Public Servant. He hat

repeated by

boken through retäblished Aules by actctressing to Lond Staubing representations concealed pons the God.

most

Public Questions

thêm quili forenzie to his own proper province ashed have to come to England

land on

•

He then

Public business, and being rehati-

Id the Grr. to receive his resignations " until " (such

requested

are

his

who was

words ) " I can bring the subject through Un burdlary of State for " the Colonies, under the consideration of my

Sovereiges "Graciously pleased ten". It is to this forme that het. Martin's

allender in

sheaking of his Resignations

probably The Zur. accepted it unconditiona

unconditimally.

Carilimal

M. Martin left the Colon

Paper, relative to the

with

pretext

thal schusal lake it will inhereiten under the feelest that he is coming to Europe to lay what he thinks simportant advice beffen

on matters which his Sommige his Soverige

management or enquing.

his

Mr. Martine B. answer that his is an

as he risenlains, the greatest living authority

rever committed to

weeplid

late

Le being

on all affaires of

this hind: and, therefore, exempt from the Rules to which orde Public Officers

Are

Whalion

subject.

may

be the birth

or error

of this precision

: is wondently inferhrible to found on it a distinctions in hd. Markis favour without subverting all subordination in all parallel cases.

If, however, it is not wise to take this broad & gineral

What this effect of

to say

how if, after such a

a proceeding,

Ground it may, perhaps, be sufficient to

lo this Guallimen could his Marlin's retintment was bring

ento operation Uie arcditional

Bus. 1844 was made in favour of her. Stevn

efferintinent which in Pänd.

on the rentingency of ht. Martin's usiqnalinis. Such an ausin Casos probe much cachomasy. My

Lovever

thal and Stanley appears

andeice would

would be to

day simp

to ham considered this resignation as

2 that

pinal & & unconditional; and Utial Dr. Gladstone-comers with

his Ondresser in thinking that it ought to be so convidand.

I quite aper Thum

is no option

but am not give

Sam

humas wollen fuum. Alf dal

he into a private

Zrelo

Love

←

(copy).

Despatches and Correspondence on the British

Position and Prospecti in China

420

Financial report and enclosures by R. M. Martin forwarded through you? Davis 17 June, dick, to Lord Stanley

to the Lords of the Treasury, with enclosures

and

of may so and 14

Preport

June 17 a 19

on the island of Hong kong, its physical geography,

feology, climate, diseases, commercial prospects, financial

condition

transmitted & Ford Stanley

social state xs:

thorough for? Davis by R. M. M. 24th July 1844 with etter, and thence to Lord Stanley. To Lords of the Treasury

with letter. _ 1044,

Report on the island of Causan, its physical grography, climate, discares, mortality, productions - Political, military naval, commercial and social importance

mape:

with illustrative

ansmitted by R.M. Martin with letter 33th Aug?

and thence to the Earl of aberdeen:

1044 to you. Davis The Lords of the Treasury with letter under date China 14. How?

ناک

1044.

the Secretary of the Lords of the Treasury on compare memorandum =son between Hong Kong and Chusan under date China

421 Hong Kong for Lord Stanley. Hov: 1065

points requiring revision

Mem. for Earl of Aberdeen on

To Sir R. Prel respecting Franch Mission to China 21 Dec: in China. Now: 1045.

minute on the British Position and Prospects in China Mem. for M. Jon Courn on a transmitted to you. Daire with letter under date China

reduction of £ 250,000

19 April. 1045.

To C. 2. Trevely with "Minute "de

a year expenditure in China. Now! 10165

Earl of Dalhousie Dec. 1865 on Letter to

an under Sect. to Lords of the Trearcery Report

18945

25 april 1845

"minute" as 25 april. 1045.

Council

China, and raggestions for opening trade with Japan, Corra, Siam, Cochin China Ke

Sir R. Peel with "minute"

R.M. Martin to Lord Stanley

of July 1045. with

England

dated Hong Kong

unclosures, respecting return to

Public Affairs.

R.M. Martin to Lord Stanley

dated Bombay 3rd Sep.

10145- with "Points for the consideration of H.M.

the British Position and Prospects in China. govt and appendices. Also Section II

"Commercial Report on

China" article

Fire and progress of the Tea Trade".

Hong Kong

Jan 20.1046

Mr. Montgomery

martin

wishes to know whether one

this friends may move for

before Paul?

production of his Reports

nd Correspondence

List of these

inc Cored).

Nee Stephuis opinion?

da 29.

J. Stephen Chinhto be cho?

a motion for them

k Gold

ould be opposed

"wrote to M. Martin

1.29

permissi

for myhis for

Five

422

Sir

423

Downing Street

Jan

29.1846.

am directed by Mr secretary

вий

Gladstone

Countery him your

thank

you for you

in communicating to

wish

have copies

of your Despatches and Correspondence

moved for in

Parliament.

It is with regret that hr. Gladstone

finds himself obliged

to acquaint

you that, having regard to the

unofficial character of most of

the mode of their transmision tolling circumstan

chose documents,

he would

under the necessity of Usiating any

màng

such

The member then Gut to get an ceding be motion if it should

madebat.

I have se

R.M. Martin En

S.H.N.

все

any

M. Martin

Jan 29

ft in deep 85.

fin deep-95:

44 Polen. uchlarz.

letter if

MINTA FOR PV.

›

75 Honghom 5184

424

Athens

ther is 7th math, Shey to refer to my

Poprolence with Cor Divir Home 88 July last, by which twritte Reen that the tenderedt lisigna son of the office of Treasur

of.

Treasurer & Houghing

Kale as Come hained; conditional Notessen dent on the information Slaid before lison bilionul, deemed insufficent to Gestify

tify and

ning to Evstand. he myletter to Lord Stane by from my hory 48 helytart Sasked her Lordship sursßend duction until he had sterto rally heard my statemen

Дим

Con

statements, &to gran

веч

to to grant an quire previous to accepting inserig

nation

て

To the Pot Hrible a

M&Glage tone to for the Colonies.

Lord

Ments Transmitted, an Stoughtong and het been resolved to make thene asuby for the deliberation of the Cabina);

425 Conside

Lord Stauchy informined mobyletter that inconsiderable hazard Stauraficer in compliance with my request he had not

Come my duty as a faitiful servant of the formally acce

ceptiol

mylosignation, sown in Cina, whether I am aprine Lon 28t for last his Lorde hiß observed the hecould not discurs with one the stat prepared to proceed when orderent.

gave Mely inyoure

your equitable Coritule youreguitat bration, surite the request that assig

fficial Statements have becon suede Under these circumistancer it is lite subject of Cabinet discussione, -mitted that I was fully justified in cralso will be their letter, ting Coming to England in Julytart to ma what have been deemed important representations to Lord Stanley, Lord Aberchen, &soulbron, the foreft Treasury previous to the Fre

едней Sette in Janzor Feb 81846 ; & it is Consequent Inputfully suggested that South dess to for fict any (ommission the derived,

after cuplagment in Intervie having Usefully, Zealously, tat no

Jews.

val or otherwise from maternico_

Shave the houstobe. Sir

Your Most Cheat Hervant

AMs Martie

There is no such teliti in the publie Brooks as that.

nor any

letter whatever. or written (his Lordship, direction

alleeded to G. Mi M. Martin from Lord Stan

thera

15 Surf

Mr. Martins

how

Martice's resignation

ader..

from come letter of hord

is not recor

whet

What

TOM 187and

ces, first a quolatinis Hanhig'i which

Fffice. but

conciliable with.

Neem

his Ladung's written

giang

subject.

and 2th a quolalin's

увид

прило

Enne my f

used by Roid Stanten.

his Kadhichi's

viva voce.

thin there

What the right

of.

Deric

been

said

Language

xayin 188

my of

town. I' this way.

a litt

Entered

Mr. 75. Houghing 21 Jan 1841

bouble follo

able dtfel! Wilbraham

Thanku 31 Jan148.

Vide

Forwarded y

1846

37 Mundoch 19 WR Stephen 19

Lord Lylletton

M.SEC Gladstone a

Jea

Secreting

شما

fecie

426

Leerolung. Gladelong to infance Jeuation. to M.

to an

Montgomery

that in answer.

Martine

Iruppon the less formal deaspig that it appeared fromther he worth is wore her I. repes is in hob site cords of the Office

preperable.

dance not quite une mai-

the note to yoh in west de

handwriting-q,

hu Hopis.

ée that

sy deur die een hond Stanley had regarded

Mr Mading, resignation.

Wall

Mr. Moulgoming Markis some

Fur dines wrote so di: Gladstone li of the Rilecation of Freasurer request that his resignation of the Of Songs long as final, MGladstone harvina Office of Punsurer at doughing

८

hich the muclored

ungtil be agarded as Condestinel from that Gentleman, a Conditional only a might not the better of which

receplied. He

で

is an

1866

Extract. Asthene

war autward that "Haur wo trace in the Official

- affeand from the records of this correspondence of the leten

It appears

Hffin that dord Stanley hand

towhich MM. Martin allude,

did his erignalinis assinal, or of

regarded

In fact there is a

nol here in

the intimation which he states heirse of to have

is dudelif's handrailing to this received from Ford Stanley

his

effect. I Enclose

thie sefly

I suclose an extract from

which hd. Marlins hat

Im Gladstone dinclinée Im

e whether you re

184

all

and

able to verify thebstatement, difto, whether the terms ofang intimation, wheite Lord Stanileg maghave. conged to Mi Martine.

wither blette on

да

were such as

supposition

στα

made to this answer_

Son will

see that he quotes from some Letter and from some concursalind

андрия expressions at variance with the

Communications which has heew

made to him respecting dord Stanlegun lly acceptance of his resignations. Dr. Sladdline wither to know whether

to lead to the

that MM. Gladstone it is in gue power to throw an

had misunderstand hold

light on this real state of this

Stanley's vicios ar to M. questione & to explains the seaming

Martin's resignation.

ере

Contradiction. The Letter from

which W. Markis quotes must,

affercully, have been a private Letter as there is no record fit.

here. The conversations to whicks he

refers is, of course, unreaded. Probably it may be as gour power to suffely these deficiencies of our Official informalin.

Entend

W. 169 Along

Rr. Montgomery Karlins de

have

427

Borang t

31. Jans. 1846

Steflies - 29 Janf. 1045 I been laid befern die verlänge

Lind by tellin Dr. Leef. Gladstone - 24

Anal 3, Fab / 46

(195/

کام

Gluddline

Dest

415

van

to hack

helfen Come

ห

Uve 18th

state that "And

"I tanley informed her bey

Litter that

Four request he

"In compliance with " hand not formally accepted gene

"Asignalised" : And

Jan

add that on

"Une 28" hod. last his daddlife " theserved that he could not discuss

"the for the statements

Jon

Frans

as it had

witted in danghong, as

"keen resolved to make thene

" dulject for the delibenaline

"Pulinet".

In perusing this Letter her!

sue to with to

Gladston dinclid me

J. Colind Wilbrahand, who had ached

as and

Stammley's

Peräle deceburg

&aculous whether it was ins

A / Ce

ind power to thirr

aug light or

Nie antradictions between the state-

-ments I have this quoted and the

pcumenti

remaining

in this Office

in and Sailing's hand waiting

Per tie 274. Dirst. Colonel

Willerhand addressed & me his and^

! What

Inguin

sinde detten

Pali - a copy of which.

вл

• Gladston's directins I suclove for

Gen information. Ed. Gledation

desis on to add that he must

unsider this statement formid

Colord Wilbrahan dis dorsing thi

༡

Recession reprobing the vergination's

of gron Office as Erasurer of tung

Kong:

and that he must

regard that Ansignalies as having

Teichpre

| been finally and suroveably

incrrcably

accepted by and Stanleg

I have

27 Jan 146.

;

از

fr 29/12/10 Hongkong

Jang 46.

428

hireply to your site geforday Sheption_ Guine whether MV Secretary Gladstone will sanction

laid before there being Parth my Patert on tongtong (24 July 1044) Report on Chuson (30 aux + 1844) L Minution the British position &prospects in China (19 April 1845) - These were all transmitter officially to God - Davis with Decorlipanying letter, & were forwarded by the bar- to 4 M. Minister.

for the production of these Pafus & Within dhonse of Parliament w. he resisted

Other reasons

might be readil

added, such as the massity of publishing

all the fort contradictions & unfromable refirts

referle of X. kaiken. But their would my permetting head to useless altercations

I w. suggest also that whether it

is not due to the for that the efusal of this Papers (if they be refused) shd.

toke obligations con An early supply willad in Suspense in England marly three months As I have been Hept

-fessed

fir

your" "Shed faithful

Private Sees -

You Northede for

A Martine

& PET

be written in a Public and Offeral Letter 31 fans. And achttelling

In consequence of the preceding noti

hr. Martin's Letter has been registrer

WG 7.2

429

это

~n m

recognego

Public Papers,

ло

Marlin save out

упоро

your

мо

из

drichung

Suasiver of Houghag

Parlia

M N

путран

off gypsy FX-

w my vy

empien gehe so würchte zug

Mr. Stephen

I inclose a copy of the reply

M. Martin yesterday.

good enough to tell me

You

will you

whether the papers named

in this note should be allowed Chinle

to be pointed for Peult.

.S.4.4.2.30

that Mr. See:

cannot

روح

Anid 6 Feb.

Sir

195

291 loomsbu 25 Houshong

29/Bloomsbury

6.0.

FEB. 4

1046/

Fab846

430

red with

with you

Samfavoured

Ра

letter of 31 any enclosing letter pone the double Chall

Vorming me that Gladstone Considers the Cones pondence closed as ryards muy designation of the Treasurership of Honghong

Jame

e e

equally unwilling to fentany this correspondence, Bréget having

caused so muc

Habrealy

but cannot in sustice to say

Snow Make

Zelf avoid the Ve

without however sucking

Motherstone any atturatione the decision at which hellas arrived.

Res

pet Snever said a word to Lord Stanky eupy (husan in my interview of 28th God. Seeferred Robby to Houghtony-which wa in biis Lordships Defon ton which Ex James Stephen S

лет

Undersus settle

Colonial Office

bent that morning & Incencorandum offering to sound in detail that Houghtony could never

could never bea Colony Commeniel Enstoring Military port or a colitical Statrick ! Lord Stanley holding that Meni " in his hardtaid (as I under Stood kime)" connet dis uus this with you as it has been aschend to breake your state muito a Eubject for the consideration the Cabinet . " On hearing this remarked then Shave nothing morto say "

Misappr

kaid

2nd Lord Stanky misaffen= trended me if he supposendkänd I knew That Committed foulto Must hear the Renaty them.

The words Sused mere " Spear Shave incussed

our displeasure Lord Stanley in coming to Eustand, but fee

feel Lassured thathad your Lordship hemplaced in cryti- -tuation Keen the waste & public

You

24.

Money tour inipoting in China

Laira

leitue

You would have atted archan done. Idam Copaga

Benatly In this fouth Amate which Scannt Afford at least have the Batisfaction ofnowing that the canafine.

Will khodece

Com

Flothe

431

Country declare on anyhower

that these mere as nearty Possible. The words used; & I Certauchy did think that if myvidir respecting the British position &prospects in Cina were worthy the Consideration of the Cabinet wither in poster in the whole, that Suruldast

be required to make the tand peat camafire Offorfectory dy couplogement it

The best proof. I can give of a conviction that I don't desire the penalty inflicted is by reiterating my correct

anet

Colicitation that My ladstone will permit me to have

Puffers the laid before Parth

Restor

camint conclude without expressing exey misfortune at hourly Misunderstand. Lord Stacks, tobing axisap prehended betis Cordship.

will dome

May Theygon the favor In placing this ex- letter before 810

The Sfernently

nott add to ou

cathy by denying

Public.

Are

the hour to the

most ted. Servante

Lind Lyfteller

about the res.

J. Martin's Re

off the 30th Alte

achnowling

who

intered

7057

In 190 Hongkong

R. Kevalgomag Racken Bag

W. Sephew

Dr. Suflen - 4d die Land Lythallins

Mr. Secret ? Gladstone - 4

Fuse 2 J

+ Page 33

Printed. Volime

Bowning

}

432

6. " Feb: 1846

I am dunstund by M. hurling

hid

Gladstone to enforme que that gour

dithis of

and

the 30: helt: to hd. Northerl

thie 8°. dest: Chr. Sufcher,

have been laid before hims. In

answer to

8. Enguing whellen hd. Gladstone will sanchins then being.

laid before Parliated

ал

8r. report on Dr. Hong of the 24th July 1844,

Hour Refert on Chusand of tut 30.1 Aug. 1844, and

San

Minuli

British position and prospects in

China of the 19th April 1.845;

and dinclid to inform que

Stadition cannot acente

ал

that W.

any

Official characlin and any

Minich lathridge to any report made ley yow, weeshing only

excepting

far as such reports related to the discharge of

Un duhes

the

oh gen Offin

as duaseme of thing

میں

capacity alon

gono for

were

winfloged

lang dt. dis hermit. Ed. Gladstone

thinks that he should establish

a precedent, full of inconvenience,

he comenrred in the production

to Parliament, and the printing, at Uie Public Exfence, of Reporti

Minulis drawn af ley que ou sabjects with which

Jow

Official concerns; and,

&nd

hand

which

were not invited by Mr. His fer-

lo calor.

For these reasons

Rection for the productions of those Papers to either d.

of. Parlic mut.

2. be resisted

of the hown.

Un Ministies

I have Jea

Buy 29 Bloomsbury Square 27 March 1846.

سنگ

367 Hongkong

In reply to i

R.2 1846

стни

1 PARL

433

cation

of 27th Feby (just seed) stating that W= Gladstone would with meto reserve any request for an interview until after Thad placed before him astatement of my com duct in China & present circumstances irrespective of the general discussion which thought it my duty to raise with respect to Hongkong __ Ibby to forward here- with and the tract of my proceedings in "China" "Which Sconfidently hope will on detailed examination prove that I was a faithful & diligent servant of the house, Fan honest s

t Steward of the important. trust reposed

Save therefore as ious to have the most searching seruting conduct in every pout of arew

osed in me,

into mo

my Public &parivate, & this Searnestly Lolicited, from Lord Stauly previous to his acceptance

of..

of mysesignation, in aletter of 8th July last

Jame therefore subjected to asevere pecuniary which I requested Gor Davis to formbed to thes

forward

loss which I cannot afford after au luttring Lordships.

With reference to the 2nd point- devotion of twenty years in laborious by " present Circumstances or position, Illy -pensive exertions for the National weal to state that it will be seen in my correlpon (as shown in the accompanying Memerander deme with Gov. Davis intune Adely beet &, what is of still greater consiguements that the tendered resignation of my office me, my conduct in was in obedience to what I conscientiously belived to be an urgent sense,

used

Apublieding

sense open

ие

Conduct in China is rendered.

434

entreat Gladstone.

questionable.

Suspectfully

to scrutinize, so can do the originating

hasbeen

that the resignation was constrained because to permit a Committer of three gentle Gor Davis refused

me six months furlough - men to examine the whole of my (which it was in his power to grant) although

proceedings in China, offered to resign allsalary dyet preserve for as human being nuigheavy

securities to the Queen ; & that my motives for my conduct, _ &t to report whithin resignation was conditional Schependent

Jam deserving of the injury which hashan inflicted on

forende dvouring to amend The acceptance of a resignation thus what were clamed National errors, compulsorily, wrung from

rung from me without an enquiry

or investigation maybe deemed. tantamount to a declaration that my conduct

a considered capself

that my conduct considered myself unworthy ofccplaymat & the motives in which it Originated, did not justify the step which I fett compelled to take.

on my conduct being disapproved in

hing disapproved in England.

on me

any magnitude,

magnitude, for which if Shad remained silent & inactive Ishould indeed have

of any kind in factorthy of amplament

Last named qurther an

Witefiore

my accorbuts as WW Treasurer under &M. Other Hamilton of the Audit board: the wuran boving had all Treasury, - Wte fiore Secptothe Boardistrati referred to, - namely Mr Trevelyan Seef to the Gentlemen will conversant with the subjen I would venture tosuggest the names of three

his

Supervision.

decision at which these three gentle Swill cheerfully how to any

-желто

may.

arrive

and

Shave the home to be

Fir

Colonial office.

Astrable to Elladstone Private Secretary to the

Stafford. At Northerte Got

Your Obeds of aitiful servant

R. M. Martice

435

M. Stephen

M. Martin called on me the other day to ask for

an appt. with E. Gladstone.

in thing and present position

the subject of his conduct M. Gladstone directed

me to request that he would first fromish him with

a written staternent of the points he wished to

bring forward

to which request this is a

He does not quote my

refly.

ately

асси

•

S.H.M. Mich.2.1846

2 March and dyshelling

My opinions

นา

that hat.

traction this Letter shad

egistered, and that

hi answer to t

Mr. Markiss?

be told Wat.

ساست

note quite

of oral

communications, and that, therefore, he trusts that

Mr. Marlins will consider it

ал

closed.

I and quili convinced that W. Marlies

correspondents from whom we sent ado

and on met

Jam

whomo

benefit

гуз

говнова

nothing

is one

those

of the is to be gained

be conferred, and who

are

find Ich

arly by a cold, distant and firme repulse. If

apaid here.

77-7

safely

is no alternatin int as he Stephen leggesto to duchin

any such referner, thorny Lantidipate no advantage from farther communi

Catimes between us on a

subject of wh ur buku views to widely different,

Wes mich 2.

devolve on the Geuthmer he has mentioned, or on any other persons.

видий

I wo add that after reading, the Office of instituting

Lim can

which he has suggested b which

this Letter and its enclosures anticipate no advantage either to or to the Public Service

Dr. Marhis himselt

by palaging the disparis

wither in the form of a written coresponde

on in the

Dr. Gludation

Cannoi

عيه

mus

m hispmay

"Memorandum of exortiores, for the

Public welfare.

I wenty years have been sedulously devoted by Mr Martin to an investigation of the Colonial, Commercial and Financial affairs of the Brition Empire. Ten of these, have been spent in visiting the Colonies, and Ten years in circula- years ting the information acquired: the result of some of his labours has been as follows:

8,500 Copies printed

History of the British Colonies; five Vols., 28 Maps, Charts, &c.. II Marquess Wellesley's Indian Despatches; five Vols., Maps, Plans, &c., 8.000 III British Colonial Library; ten Vols. Engravings, Maps, &c., IV Eastern India; three Vols, 200 Drawings, Maps, Plans, &c.

& Statistics of the British Colonies : one large Vol., 3,000,000 Figures, Seals, &c. . 3,000. VI Political, Com ! & Fin! Condition of Anglo Eastern Empire in 1832, 87%. 1,600 VII British Relations with the Chinese Empire in 1832, 8vo VIII Taxation of the British Empire; with tabular views, the.. IX Past & Present State of Tea Trade of England, Europe & America .

به.

22,000.

4,500.

3.000.

1.500.

.de

1.500.

.3.000.

de.

1.500

1,500.

1,500....de

12.000

I Analysis of Parliamentary evidence on China Trade, 1832.. II Colonial Policy of the British Empire: Part one, Govt. XII Marquess Wellesley's Spanish Despatches; one Vol. 800. XIII. teland as it was _ is _ and ought to be ; Tabular Chart; &c .. XIV Colonial Magazine : Seven Vols. 8°°, completed, Engravings, &c., XV Poor Laws for Ireland, a measure of Justice for England, &c, pamphlet, 10.000.

Colonial Atlas, with Maps of each Colony, engraving. Cast & West India Lugar duties equalization, - 40,000 copies distributed. Monetary System of British India. - 10000 Copies distributed. Various Pamphlets on Commerce, Finance, Shipping, &c.

пок

The

The foregoing Publications comprize about Seventy Thousand Octavo Volumes ; illustrated by numerous. Maps, Engravings, Plans & Statistical Charts, and they all refer to subjects of great national importance. mere mechanical expenditure on these works, for printing, paper, Engravings, &c., has been upwards of Twenty Thousand Pounds Sterling!

To defray these heavy charges - to pay Assistants, and to provide for personal expenses during twenty years unremitting toil & costly labour and travel not the slightest aid has been furnished by Government ; - but relying solely on

his

inergies, and out of own limited resources, Mr Martin has prepared the first complete " Cistity of the Birritish Colonies" and by his unceasing options has awakened an interest in the Public Mind for our trans marine possessions, whose extent and condition were. heretofore imperfectly known, and their intrinsic value inadequately appreciated.

his

own

In addition to the preceding mentioned labours, Mr Martin has zealously contributed to promote varions useful objects. The Colonial Society " of London was consequent

his Works, and he has endeavoured to

437

-1

rtin.

one

our

a doance its landable objects. The "Central Agricultural Society" "qudition of India and the Colonies. by which the landed interest was united for the protection and

It has proved

a source of sincere gratification to Mr. Martin incouragement of Agriculture, at a period when it was threatened hat his conduct abroad and at home was deemed deserving the gracious with destruction, (1835-36) had its origin mainly in his exertions, &xpproval of His Sovereign, William IV", who was pleased to command the for two years he acted gratuitously as one of its honorary Secretaries. Judication of the "History of the British Colonies" and the "Marquess He also cooperated as Honorary Secretary with the Traiety for the Wellesley's Dispatches " _ and his presentation at Court; _ and to express Protection of Domestic Industry" which was superintended by a Committed to the Colonial Office the Royal desire that he should be employed in of twenty

Members of Parliament; where of C.S. Cayley, Mr. P. was Chairman het Department of Government stating that "This Majesty took an interest and which had for its leading object the union of all classes engaged in Mr Martin's welfare":"

Her Most Gacious Majesty Queen Victoria, in land, manufactured and Hlade.

has also vouchsafed Her Majesty's benign commendation of Min Martin's In order that he might obtain an accurate view of the josts for the welfare of his Country . working of

Banking System, Mr Martin made a tour throughout One of the greatest Statesmen who have shed lustre on this er England visitery

and Scotland, to the extent of 2,500 miles, during which he visited my other age (the Most Noble the Marquess Wellesley) has

conferred the nearly every public and private Bank in the kingdom; and for twele month much prized boon of his friendship on Mr Martin, and this monthsmuah he officiated as Honorary Secretary to the "Commercial Bank of Londonbrief but unavoidably egotistical detail of public services, may well The Bank of British North America " was planned, & its preliminary be concluded by annexing

nexing a Copy of a letter from the Nobler Marquess proceedings were organized by Mr. Martin; and other Colonial Bank to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, of which Mr. Martin may had their origin

in his advice & information. The "Bank of Asia" for justly feel proud, as it emanated from a mind of the most lofty, conducting bychange operations between England, India and China, was generous and enlightened character, and pre-eminently distin- flamed in its plan and principles, by Mr Martin, and its organization was quished for ardent patriotism, which for more than half begun and completed by him. Eight thousand Shares of the value of £100 caca century, has been officiently devoted to the maintenance were subscribed for in a few days, on its first announcement, in London, and of constitutional liberty;

of constitutional liberty,_ to the extension of christian civilization - Six thousand Shares of equal value wise applied for in India. and to the preservation and permanent prosperity of the whole

These observations demonstrate that Mr Martin's labours have British Empire. not been restricted to those of a merely literary character . He has visited

several times, the

manufacturing and Commercial districts of the United: Kingdom; - and since his return from the Colonies he has traversed a part of the Continent of Europe, including Germany, Switzerland, Belgeund France, &c., and examined the progress of their trade and manufactures . Mr Martin is one

Kingston House, Knightsbridge,

You

17th November, 1840.

and

of the few surviving Officers of the disastrous surveying My dear Lord, and exploring Expedition of A. M. Vessels Leven and "Barraconta" employed

Your Lordship's uniform kindness under W. F. W. Owen, on the Coasts of Africa :

and on the Shores and Rivers of the obliging attention, induce me to trouble,

with a request, " Castern and Southern Hemisphere; and for his services he received the

in the success of which I am deeply interested, from motives marked commendations of the distinguished Commander of the Squadron. of gratitude and friendship, as well as from a sense of public

During the last four years Mr. Martin has been an active Member duty. of the General Court of Proprietors at the East India House, whook his

Several respectable friends of the present Government, disinterestedly assisted to obtain freedom of Commerce for British India - from the same sentiments, have already expressed their concur- to procure the adoption of a permanent moderate settlement of the land tox rence in my opinion, and have declared an

anxiety equal to and to promote the Social and christian improvement of one hundred million mine the same subject. of our fellow subjects. He has been several times examined before Committee of Parliament, on financial and mercantile measures : - and in 1840 he was

- nearly three weeks under a strict interrogation on the Commerce & relative

mine on

Our object is to see Mr Montgomery Martin ( à gentleman well known to your Lordship, and to the public) employed in some : station in which his eminent talints and extraordinary industry and

438

diligence, and extensive information might be rendered usefuls

the Empire.

My friendship for Mr Martin is founded

вы мо

I entrusted him with the publication of the documents connected a to light th my administration of the British Empire in India; a Work he has

has completed to my entire satisfaction =

Work

367 Hongkong

439

Iment 1846.

which M. Martinlyst.

most

This work necessarily involved the most confidential com munication and intercourse, by which I am

by which I am enabled with the perfect certainty to pledge my honor to the integrity, ability, kinest year and indefatigable spirit of industry by which this worthy Gentleman ha obtained so high ax eminence in public estimation.

Mr. Martin has made the affairs of the British Colonie and of India, the more especial objects of his laborious studies but he is also better informed

on the interesting subject of Irelan (more particularly on the operation Union with Great Britains) than

operation and result of Her Legislative with . _ Generally, his knowledge of Statistics is most extensive an any person I have ever converse most practically usiful.

anxious

My gratitude towards this Gentleman renders me most for his welfare; but I would not recommend him to your Lordship, if I were not satisfied that his active employme in the public service, would be benificial to the Empire, and honorable to himself and to your Lordship.

I have the honor to be, with great respect & esteern,

My di Lord,

The Right Honorable

Lord John Russell,

&c.,

&c., te

"Colonial Office .

Your Lordship's faithful Sewant,

Wellesle

1846

Forvarded by man joen 6?

TStephen

Lord Lyllellen Podlaktone

Im Sureting Gladstone to acknowhap the Meipt of the Letter thick your addrefest This Private Sunting

on the 2nd Litant

encoring

Chiria

lbstreet Proceedings in

Supporting

the apponitment

Committee &

three Gentlemen

byar

ine int

and

report exporthere follwig.

440

SpGlastone desier

me to inform you

سمير

that

he Cannot devolve

the Gentlemen you have mentined,

other persons,

the Office of instituting

expinies

which

préhene suppertise. Samtnold tha

after a pornoal of

Lether and the

Document check

accompany

Mr Gladstone Cen-,

一

from

Anticipate Lavintage from

forthen Com

discussion

subject getect.

Le entitions views

Sovides different

вок

Sir

کا برگر

Vice Li

19/Bhonsley Snore // Marchto

ECEIVED

C.O.

MAR. 12

401 Howking

441

In the 3rd Te pr lost thaus mitted Lord Stanley à Report on the ricet progress of the Era Trade. Schall fee. obliged by a copy of that report bring furnished me, as Jam puparing

axeneral Commercial Resport on Gesina to

to lay lifere We Gout

Leefore

Share the hour tote

Lir

Your Obedt Lut

PR. M. Martin

The James Stephen Ete Under Secpoftate

forthe Colonies -

pres

and Lebeleind

that their course

the original Report from the card

it & the Wiile?.

his pich is

will be to oblanis

завод

ན

to retion

b. 401 khong hong

11 maugh

P. defevre My Sie

1346

Forwarded b. MAR! 3[/hudock 14 18 Siophen/4

LordEx Felton

If Sec Gladstone

дотриму

442

17 Manty88.

With refere

30, Sam

would

form ?

letter of this typeut directed & Mech Gladstone torquent that you move the Lords of the Comm for hade Wreturi Department there portion the Fra Trade dracon up

Is ther

by M. Montgomery

Martin.

Климен

ере

BEC

MAL.13

тат man,

Smay

in t

421 Houstrous.

443 Minarch sib have witressed for

my unceasing

disinterested labours

Our Colonies.

of maintaining the primitler which sustained these labou wrote the accompany. -ing her. Coubriquently fett

to compelled to retierne & England to subst tiate them personally to stayout. For this conduct which Shoped would have been deemed

res I have been temerely punished. You have the power to conged the misapprehension by which this has been caused. These doccements are now therefore sukingitted to Afford you lissodis. posed the gratification of doing an act of Justice to Sir-youds

thest Sent

stephen fr R.M. Martin

undersery oftate

Colonial office.

ག་

2912

27 Bloomsbury Square

16 March 1846414

друг

VED

123 Hong Kong

After four mouths

fruitter's endeavours to obtain investigation of my conduct in China, Shave been Eclue_ -tantly compelled to lay the accompanying Papers be for AM Yout! Ifuel conscious That Shrove done nothing to justify the treatment Shave rectives, which would fxin hope has arisen from some misconcep- tion which the papers Trave

now

the honor to

Remons

submit may Strust remove

Share the hover The setsouble your obst. J

tobe Engbord

Yourobest.t.

Lord Lyttleton . M. Martin

Colonial office.

18 March and bestellen Outly? If

sex 421 A kay

Me hich 18.

18 Munch

مد

intis 0423 en zalles - privati untoficial many official &apos

And Letter

Publi

Wely hich 18

بورگ

Witcomsbury Square 4:5

520 Hongkong

C.O.

APR. X

31 March 1846

had the honor.

you a printed. krounding

lazing before

in China.

nearly fine mouths in Exstent, & desuthfully,

submit that Shane

сел

Idid.

chein

duty as a

Cautiful

the treatment.

soreduct of the Cown,

donot deserve

experienced unless &M sout disbelie my

Statements,

to amend those

Unsworthing

three provesting Which Shone Ithink demon offrimane.

shated an error.

importance.

Honble.

Underthese circumstances

Gladstone

Cote office.

Shey to enquire whether You

will grant

astersonal

interview to enable

tosubstantiate mystatements:

6 Apul 184.

446 6

and/ Whether

will permit

avenguing into my conduct While hue China;

چی

30%. Whether you will offer to opposition tomy friend in the Legislature obtaining

enquiry before Patiente into nufotitemente

Show the hountore

dir

Four the Pervant

A.M. Martin

Sii

I am duicted

by Mr.

Secretary Gladstone to each the

rect. of your

Leller of the 37th neto.

you enquire 1th whether

which you

he would grant you

a personal

interview to enable you

sebstantiate the statement which

дал

dry sulmitted of

have already

your Proceedings

R. Mr. Martin Expre

2.9 Bloomsbury Iquare

ginger &

in China

ли

2nd

447

2 Whether

Enduct while

any enquing into your

في

China will be

pemitted _ and 3? Whether M.

Gladstone would offer any opposition

to a Parliamentary enquiry

дал

statements.

Mr. Gladstone

inform you,

inte

desirès

сте

ли

синни

that he is

not at present aware that there

any question depending between H. M's Gest youself which could

be made the subject of discussion at a private internen, of an enquing in or out of Parhamment.

apprehend that hang reagired

your office at Mary Kay,

your resignation having been

acepted, you

any

мо

layer stand

offical relation to the

Gvemment _ and WM's Gerenment-

do not deem it convenient to

enter uite

you

any discussion

scussion withi

on the questions of Chinese Pokey to which your Policy

several

communications to them relate.

I am to add that allhe

Mr. Gladstone is not aware

any

caute

for enquing.

стая

ли

Parliament, into your statement

his reply

be must reseme

секид

you

your question whether ofportion

would

- ་ -ཅམས། ཏ་ག

would be offered on the hart

of the Goverment to such engiing until he shall have been

apprized

in a

manner

more definite

of the nature

ский

proposed air of its

and

I have the bener

يش

(Syed). Lyttleton.

→

448

nigh

HAT

and Bestellen.

My infusions is that the profer

ansson in substance to

äutter is . be that Dr. Gludstom is not aware that there is my quest its defending behmens t. his hornt,

and hd. Martin

which of be made this subject of discussion at a private

in or act of Parliament.

thout in. Martins having resignnd his office, and his designation being been accepted, be

2r brigen

sland

-What

бо

dator. to the Gor

accusalind against him has been preferred to or

128 pending]

and that

游哦

SY H

venient to culin

discussoris artit horis

to which his

his comme

of the nature and propond aim of such inquiry

preap

uutil

Ishall han brun made reass

тут

a nun definite

do not deem

this questions of general policy

to them ulatê.

that they I am not awan pany cause

I am dispont to cut the part in brachets, & toadd

faiquiry

huuli

in Fault into his state-

hunts I must reserer my

reply whis

question

ཉག་་འ་དགྲུ

Entered.

R.M. Martin

1846

Lord Lyttelton

WBSicphen

MR Muchock 44

Forwarded by Arn

MS Gludstime 4

520 Smykny

type

di,

8. Apulp!

449

6. Apil1046

4の

Jardinstedt byth.

ん

etting in check yo

hehnawhape the muist Sunting Gladstone to

Letter of the 31.t.

میشه

نے کے

Benable

2nd Whether

Proceeding

Submitted offen

which you have chang

Shahate the Statement

مها

ん

in Chine

все

emping

permarthed - and zors whether Mestedstone would offer any opposition

stile in China will be

450

M.Gladstone desires

met

informs you

at present

hot and

isany

that he is

deem it Convenient to enter write any disenfrein

wthy

the Jestions

Chinese Poking to Mil

Jur

that there

question defending

and genralf

which

Could be made

the Inbuil

& discussion at a. private Interviews, or gen

An engering

He apprehends that

mont

the Daving Usigned, zeer Office at thing,

Kong, and your begantin

living

hun acceplet, longer stint

Official Wlition <&AM

to the Gover

monks

not

opporitime and be

several Comen

mection to them white.

Santo add that

hithe Illadstone is

Jany Cause.

in Puchenint

for legering Atements

inte

سر

ち

he must reserve his

offreed cutlupach helheten hose such engin

Athcharts

mutil he shall have been

appinized in a

definite

of the

nature and proposed

416

Mansfield House

Ever wihabridge

1846

air 575 Whong? April 1016

RECEIVE

APP. 8

451

Thitty Article of the es of yesterday contains His following

"Honghong has quite caste as a place for mur. tite opérations. Many the Murchants hadal. ady abandoned the island Since. The beginning of the inpofthe present year

two firms

had per w/o their extablish_

mento; two more

Landing

fold

had expressed

their determination Foquit

"the Colorry; -totte is were

" hesitatiipalem it following this You for this acting in ae

"example,

wat most often Corélance with what f "ring a clerk in possession deemed an urgent & respon

ringacter " to forward goods or letters." sible tublic duty Sam now

Sheleive the forgoing subjected to secure punish the a true statement; it is ment, and all enquiry, intemple confirmation of into my conduct, or the me the port on Storz Konig Lati

le Itong

ilaus iste of qualification July 1844 - which was trans 4. Such I love to cabrostly solicited.

Mhich mitted by Goor Davis to the in public estimation is

Gourdains Colonial Office; _Niter, &derind me.

inspectfully submit, in

Justification of myhaving

Show the hour to be

come to England to bring Your Obedient & faithful

this tothe'r equally.

miv.

- understood & nice-reppresent to the

Portiones &four affairs ine

CM Martine

Hot Houhle

China under the immediate & Gladstone.

Pserious consideration

H&M. Govern

7 71 71 LED

Anisery fotate

Colonial Resortment. (Departurent.

ي سميت به بالا

འ་འབུ་ཤར་ཊ་ སྐ༐༩ ༡་ལྕ ཀཀའཀ་་?འ} 7ཀ11 бе

gay my momy

пробо

Intered

R.M. Martin Ly Mansfield House

Iven

Wahnage

1346

APRY

Murdock #Stephen D Lord Lyttelton

ESEC Gladstone a

575 Hongkong

hi,

بو

453

15 April 1046

Saver donetest by

Mr.Sendary Gladstone

Jending to acknowledge the Receipt gezindetter z. the 7. Intent Calling zür attention to the "Cit brticle" in the Times Auspeper gitte blo Furlant in the subject of

Strykany, which you Consider the a just= Living

Chummed Bhaglend to

of the

bring the State gylle

under the.

Coliny

Gunderchin

Refere

久

kore to refai

fo lay

རི

april Lad Lyttelton:

If it be right to answer at all (which.

the

аншет

I cuffore

inkether the Statem

be doubtful

嫁

ing

Gladstone

desires

babsence, that

ir answer,

Whether the Stalnuent in

Surfapers

the Times', he Accurch,

to therwise, Le Cannet

пле

achnowhape.

за

that it

Juber=

was the duly yo dinate Officer ytte Goverment of tougheng to repair to this Counting without the Consent, or

dissent rather after the refund

ytte Consent, the foremen

Eay to be these facts before H. His fovemment.

Jame

Mio

April 14

هه

Paintedt.

APR

Mansfield House - duar, mar

42 Hongkong

Lyttle tour con

comme

8. April 1846.

Uxbridge.

454

Bd this dayhonoured with Ford.

ication of th hurt wherin his Lordship stated that you are " not at present 1) aware there is any unself which couldbe.

& made the antijet of bliscussion at a private interview of any enquiry in or out of

Parliament."

Verden

think you are still insserfectly, informed the causes of my conditionsa esigention, soffice; which was not tendered until had vainly endeavoured for more than

myour

accon

Voi

twelve nonthe to check what Srinived as an letter waste of the public exconc to axeriores extent, as testified in the panying Concepsondern; when at page 17 - it will be seen that outfit une 1844 - Recommended, in proof of my

office sincerity, the abolition of my with the hope that the attention of Will Gout would thus be awakened to the Freestate of Affairs at Nong Horzi 14 Nov. 1044 (Jage 65) Sevenes tated that I "Could not crise cuatiously, continue to receive my kolory Fremane silent when pered that a great irror had been com "" _mitted" which it was not too late to rectify; and" page 72) that "any suffering or degradation the pursuance. would be preferable to bitirding the sure- " of ane

fraught with rroneous course of policy pronglet wit guest injury, to England which maybe avorted by promete pildiciones & Timely sucssures.

the Set Houbl

(12

M.Elladstone

дел

We Sus of State - Colonial department,

. 2

The fort had marred Keverestill incurring e very large expenditure ou Hong Hong without having had any detailed Report on the place

ou I thought Sshould have neglected my duty had Inot endeavoured to remedy this defect. Myre put outhougtong" was therefore comple led 24 July1044_forwarded by God? Davis to the Colonial office. Sam ready to subatom- trate the truth of eung statement contained in that report_whisk howmer from motives was unheeded, as mere alsoncz brent representationgs for a reduction of the

expenditure,

diture, at the these views were forcibly sustained belomiphene Geffend Comfent Miller in their Reports by the Treasury. Understanding in Julylact that it was in contemptation to expend a further sum

Public

of several million dollars.

ша

on a barren

useless rock which the British Merchants declaredtto Sordstanly (13 augt 1045) was mover "actually I tually rege wired for the purposes of commerin I which they are "now abandoning")" (Times 6 april 1846 Sought six mouths leave of absum, offering to resign allsalary, to retain my securitus to the (rown, to defrag sugexpences. overland to England to resigne mglom - - mission should my conduct be disappro- -? eduthome (sup/14) the leave this sought

was refused as Gourdavis

mas aware of ung determination to carry out what I thought was concet, it was as Sheline dessions of Conferring my affiontiment on his rela tive No Mercer. Conceiving that atorvant of the Gown is asteward of the public interests, that he is bound by his oath the Christian Mora.

lity to incur aussacrafice rather thane permit (contermance of what he corqsiders tote serious

wear in

seriously, rjudicial to the notionals & in the hope

WHe fort would ultimately, a po porciate my conduct;

tagant

་

I was cores trained to tender my conditiona resigiration until Jsouth bringthe whide subject under the full tunbiased consi

duration of the foot (see ppp!!! to 110)

455

Previous to mug departure fr China, Flikewise sime mgdrrival in England Iexplained the amendments Pretrenchments which appeared requisite. You 13 For = last Spaustother Chanciller of the Exchequer, at his repercent, the attails Hapton by which £250,000 a year night

Mesaved in China.

that

Lord Lyttleton. informes the tendered noguration gig office houng

been accepted I" notors

forkland inaug "official relative to sout & that Mlle Sout vericent to enter

on the towhich " into any discussion with me ou

"donot damit com

questions of Chimice to

200

penal comic unctions for themietate ..

In other words, - after devoting inconsiderable portion of the most valuable periodoping life to the source of the Crown with industry, honesty & Zeal, as wined in the accompanying

reports; - after

incurring Coresilerable obtaining useful informed tion of which Angout have derived the benefit, &

Caring. while still engaged in preparin elaborate Commerical respetar (line for the Board of trade, _Same informed that I have forficked my positionic W serviere no hiile those who preferred their emoluments to the public. good, retain their offices in Stong Range

Samlere willing to belive that Wall Jamlenwilling Gout really mean to treat me theres ; that They intend to deprime me of emplogsmat un retorice bucause Prefused tobe silent when silence would have beny & Crime,

ketin.

Vntered

583 Amy Kony

R. M. Martinlys Manstreld House

ber- kalidge

Forwarded is

1846

"Stephen | 184

Lord Hylletion MESEC Gladstone 16

456

20 April 1846

Jardinckest be Mr.

Secting Gladstones to hehnowhage the wi

oyun Letter of the 8 to Murlant in cheet enter into an explanction

of the Causes checkled

byme resignation ofthe Office of Kong,

and state that

the Motion which die proposed Asubmitt Perhements is for Chines

of the Corespondence Connected with such

Eesyjne too.

because I preferred risking office

not timely endeavour to conect errow of quot National Corwegian.

-becaus

leaned

integrity &avigilant watctiful.ess to prevent

najernit onglet to the count consideration on a tublie

weath Musica

offins, expeically in a distant; & novs b portion of the Elupire. thereforeder- -pectfully and the lesspplication of the firing afele of quative tome as if I tradle the Steward of a treest Con

truest Confidi

Stome ga

Private individual.

Shouto

ancaruu

Should this unfortunatity be denied me Showe to express accor hope that you will not refuse. permission to justify my conduct in not having hostely resigned the Cow_ - mission with which my Soverige was graciously pleased to invest me

to en ble me to demonstrate that Save not deserving the censure which an resistance of a resignation thus tendera

uplication convey: Andar You

desire olie "apprized in a mure

цироз

жив в

you this houble

chrical

This

a few words have been omitted, this introductions of stach to have

have how intern

I uncur in

the reply puzoud My apply

defi-

of the Nature & proposed- selected Aseplication to Part

the motion which it is fro

Shestartate

that there tela.

the Coupond

of the Legislatur

Legislature is The Parth copies of

conquested with in

Jiquation of the office of the Treasurer fütte

دریائی

Har

Jäse

hura

that this not lurex

cruised, & which

nur

to the

Theat

вор

htin.

me to inform you,

in reply, that he wont

anticipates nondcrumbleger po

Ascarie to prolonging

this

Coresponduce; but that, ijiny Member of

Parle shouts move

for the

production of the Ceres-

ponderece fchich

zur

H.M. Gwob reper, & will resins

objechin to the production oso much got as

Could be to produced sittent injustice to Individuals & prejudice to St. Dis Service

Land

?...

{

457

ро

Du583 18k. References

458

Pages 26027 - Lates 17819 th June 1844-

Urguing aches kon Expenditur,

page 65__ Be Inconscientious objection

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.

to receiving Le

Lelary,

Remaining kilat.

page 68 - No reason for present Expeutiture.

"71872_Do_

185. Intetely of Norghong-

87- Da

BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS

198 Reduction of Expenditure

1 105. Waste of public resources.

CHINA.

" /// & /12 - No atternative but resignation. "1/14/01/5 - Reasons for her king Leave " 116 - Termes on asking for Leave. " 120 - Asking suspension of tension and -

" 121 to 1/30 Ausendmen to the heuchte required in China.

*~*

REPORTS,

459

MINUTES AND DESPATCHES,

ON THE

BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS

CHINA.

LONDON.

HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE.

430

TO THE

MEMBERS OF HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT.

THE undersigned has the honour to submit, for the consi- deration of Her Majesty's Government, the accompanying papers on our present position and prospects in China, which have been confidentially printed for their more ready perusal and reference.

When the undersigned was selected for office in China, it was stated that the field of observation was of great magnitude and importance; that the attention of Europe was fixed on our conduct; and that a knowledge of our colonial and commercial affairs would be practically useful.

Imbued with these views, he broke up his arrangements here, proceeded to China, and devoted every energy and faculty to an attentive examination of the financial and commercial interests of a position unprecedented in the history of any age or country.

Conformable to the suggestion that all information acquired was to be devoted to the service of Her Majesty's Government, the annexed documents were, from time to time, transmitted to the different departments of the state, as it was found impos- sible to analyze financial affairs and commercial prospects, without discussing foreign relations and colonial proceedings.

In the progress of investigation, a conclusion was irresistibly formed that the Treaty of Nankin, and the Supplementary Treaty of October 8, 1843, were susceptible of considerable improvement; that peaceful and profitable intercourse with the whole of the vast Chinese empire, would be of great advan- tage to England and to China; that a most ill-judged selection had been made for the foundation of a British colony; that our trade could be best expanded and rendered permanent only by a fair, wise, and honourable modification of our position previous to the final arrangement of the Treaty of Nankin in

PREFACE.

January, 1846; and that, unless these modifications were now made, we should be for a long period precluded from their obtainment; very large and unnecessary expenditure would be incurred; commercial and religious expectations be disap- pointed; and the seeds of discontent and strife having been sown, another war would almost inevitably ensue, which, although of Chinese origin, would seriously involve European, Russian, and American interests, create internecine hostilities, and com- promise the peace of the world.

In the hope that the reports and despatches herewith trans- mitted would produce a correction of a mistaken and unneces- sarily restrictive policy, which time and circumstances were daily rendering more palpable, the undersigned resolved-- although suffering from climactic disease, to await in China the result of these statements; but on his return to Hong Kong from the northern ports, in June last, he ascertained that Governor Davis was recommending to Her Majesty's Govern- ment a further expenditure on civil works alone of half a mil- lion dollars from the British exchequer, on a barren and utterly useless island; that, in addition to the very large and unre- quired military expenditure incurred, extensive fortifications were projected and their construction commenced*, by which

* According to the ordnance estimates, ordered to be printed, February 16, 1846, it would appear that Her Majesty's Ministers are still unacquainted with the real nature of Hong Kong, or they would not sanction the continuance of enormous expenditure on an utterly

useless barren rock.

Ordnance establishments Barrack

ditto

For 1845-46. For 1846-47.

£1,900

£6,604 2,522

1,861

Clerk of Works, &c.

949

Labourers' wages

1,654

New works and barracks

931

1,843 113,000

£124,239

What the past ordnance expenditure has been it is difficult, if not impossible, to say; but it is very desirable that the vote for the above

PREFACE.

461

vii

several million dollars would be wasted on a rock which pro- duces nothing-protects nothing-commands nothing, not even the entrance of the Canton river; and on a place which, after five years' occupation and an immense outlay of

money, is totally devoid of an import or export trade of any kind whatso- ever*, and is not the slightest advantage to the tea trade; which, notwithstanding various inducements, has not a single respect- able Chinese inhabitant, "or even shopkeepers with any pre- tension to property;" which has "no natural productions, or consumers of exports, beyond the mere wants of the colonists themselves, and is even entirely dependent on the inhabitants of the Chinese empire for its daily supply of food*;" the half of whose harbour only belongs to England, while all the islands therein and around belong to China; which is completely commanded from the closely-adjacent coast and islands, and is itself incapable, from physical defects, of being regularly fortified, if such a measure were requisite ;-in fine, an island which the British merchants, whose residence in China and practical knowledge render them best qualified to form a correct judgment, have declared to Lord Stanley "was never actually required for the purposes of commerce, and has become even less so, since the opening of the five ports*."

Independent of this grievous misdirection of national resources and energies, the undersigned deemed that no further time was to be lost in an endeavour to obtain, by immediate diplomatic negotiation, the cession of the invaluable island of Chusan, or at least to prevent its occupancy by any other foreign power; to enlarge our intercourse, and to amend our

sum of £124,239, for only one branch of service, be suspended until an impartial inquiry be made. The officer commanding the troops at Hong Kong, and the officer in charge of the engineers, who are now causing and recommending this expenditure, both formerly declared that Hong Kong was valueless to England; and the respected heads of the ordnance, artillery and commissariat, have in vain protested against this waste of the public money.

* British Merchants' Memorial to Lord Stanley, dated Hong Kong, 13th August, 1845.

462

viii

PREFACE.

mercantile positions with a view to the reciprocal benefit of the British and Chinese empire and people.

Acting on the conviction that a servant of the crown is a steward of the public interests, and that he is morally respon- sible if he silently permit waste, mismanagement, or misdirec- tion of the national resources, and that the more distant his location from the seat of Government, and the higher his station, the more imperatively he is called upon to make his official conduct conformable with the principles which sustain and regulate private life-the undersigned sought from Governor Davis six months' furlough to convey the information he had acquired in China to Her Majesty's Government; to endeavour to correct the misrepresentations which prevailed in England, and which were studiously made by those who had pecuniary investments and building allotments, houses, bazaars, and mortgages, in Hong Kong, previous and subsequent to the Treaty of Nankin; and to sustain his statements, as they could only effectually be done personally, and by being on the spot to substantiate his views. For this purpose he offered to give up all his salary,-to defray the heavy expenses of an overland journey to England,-to retain his personal and collateral secu- rities to the crown,-and to forfeit the high commission he had the honour to hold, should his conduct be disapproved by Her Majesty's Government. Governor Davis refused the furlough thus sought, although the regulations of the service fully em- powered its being granted*; and it was stated that the word resignation" must be used, if the undersigned determined to place the views he entertained and the information acquired before Her Majesty's Government.

Convinced most strongly of the soundness and importance of his views and information,-bearing in mind that, if Sir Stamford Raffles had been at home to urge an examination and discussion of his reports and despatches, the beautiful and lucrative island of Java would now most probably be a British possession,-believing that there was still time to rectify, to

* See Letter to Colonial Secretary, p. 116.

}

PREFACE.

some extent at least, our position and affairs; that he would be unworthy the confidence reposed in him, and undeserving the character which he had hitherto held, if in such an emergency he had hesitated between the solemn dictates of public duty and the sacrifice (however serious to him) of private considera- tions; the undersigned, after several fruitless endeavours to obtain a furlough, requested a board of survey on his accounts and treasury,-closed them satisfactorily,-gave them over, by orders, to the relative of Governor Davis,-and most reluctantly sent in his conditional resignation of office, in the strong hope that, when his conduct and motives were fully known in England, he would not be deemed deserving of censure that he might confidently rely on the justice and liberality of Her Majesty's Government; and that national interests of the highest magni- tude would not require the sacrifice of a private individual, for endeavouring to obtain public objects, which, when examined in the following statements, will, it is hoped, be found deserving of the deepest attention.

As yet, we are but on the threshold of our entrance to a wonderful empire, whose semi-civilized inhabitants number one-third of the human race, and with whom an extended, friendly, and commercial intercourse would, by the implanta- tion of our habits and customs, be productive of incalculable mutual advantages.

To avail ourselves peacefully and righteously of the means which Divine Providence has placed within our reach for the inculcation of Christian civilization among myriads of mankind, ought, it is most respectfully suggested, be an object of para- mount national as well as individual solicitude; and if in any manner this truly great policy be promoted, the undersigned will have the satisfaction of feeling that he has not uselessly endeavoured to fulfil the duty which he swore to perform as a faithful servant of Her most gracious Majesty in China.

London, March, 1846.

R. M. MARTIN.

}

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.

463

OPIUM DISSENT.

THE following dissent in council was recorded on the proposition of Governor Davis to license, under the sanction of Queen Victoria, the opening of opium smoking-shops in Her Majesty's colony of Hong Kong, for the purpose of raising a revenue. When recording this dissent, the answer of the Emperor of China, on a suggestion from Governor Davis to Keying, the Imperial plenipotentiary, for licensing the importation of this pernicious drug into China, was stated in council thus," It is true, I cannot prevent the introduction of the flowing poison,-gain-seeking and corrupt men will, for profit and sensuality, defeat my wishes, BUT NOTHING WILL INDUCE ME TO DERIVE A REV- ENUE FROM THE VICE AND MISERY OF MY People."

This was an answer worthy of a Christian monarch. The Christian Sovereign of England, through her representative Governor Davis, has done that which a heathen Emperor has rejected; and Hong Kong has been made the opium smoking-shop, for the safe resort of the sensual, the idle, the dissolute and most degraded and depraved Chinese,-who, under the flag and license of our most gracious and religious Sovereign, are there protected in the prosecution of a vice which destroys body and soul,- which is corrupting society to the core,-which has no parallel in its fas- cinating seduction, in its inexpressible misery, or in its appalling ruin. It would be reversing the sacred decrees of Omnipotence to suppose that, under such circumstances, any blessing can attend the proceedings of England in China.

DISSENT IN LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL.

DISSENTIENT- -on the proposition for licensing the retail consumption of Opium in

this Colony, on the following grounds :

I. Because the consumption of opium is not necessary to the subsistence or health of man, and is therefore a vicious indulgence.

II. Because the use of opium is not only a vice in itself, but the parent of many other vices; and whoever indulges in opium never ceases its use until poverty and death ensue.

III. Because it is no justification to say that, as gin, beer, wine, and other fer- mented liquors are stimulants attended with pernicious consequences, when used continuously in excess, that therefore the use of opium may also be licensed by Government. The experience of civilized nations has shown that fermented liquors are advantageous to the healthful energy of man; but no experience has shown that opium is beneficial to the body or mind of man, individually or collectively.

IV. Because no Government ought to make private vice a source of public

revenue.

V. Because, independent of the foregoing and of other considerations, the pecu- liar position in which England at present stands towards the Chinese Government on this subject, the strong feeling entertained by a very large and influential portion of the community at home respecting the sale of opium in China, and the risk which his Excellency incurs of creating an unfavourable impression against his Government, without any corresponding fiscal advantage to the state, renders it inadvisable to license the consumption of opium in this colony.

Desirous of earnestly and faithfully advising his Excellency, these remarks are offered for the Governor's consideration with great respect.

R. M. MARTIN.

Hong Kong, November 26, 1844.

1. Examination of our financial state in Hong Kong, with several detailed statements. (Transmitted to Governor Davis, June 17, 1844; to Lords of the Treasury, June 19, 1844.)

2. Report on the British currency and monetary exchanges in China. (June 1844.)

3. Report on Hong Kong in all its aspects. (Forwarded to Governor Davis, July 24, 1844; to Lords of the Treasury, August, 1844.)

4. Report on Chusan, and examination of our policy in China. (Forwarded to Governor Davis, August 30, 1844; to Lords of the Treasury, September 20, 1844.)

5. Comparison between Hong Kong and Chusan. (Transmitted to Sir Robt. Peel, November 14, 1844; to Lords of the Treasury, November 14, 1844.)

6. Dissent in Council on proposed legislative enactment for licensing opium smoking-shops in Her Majesty's settlement of Hong Kong. (Read before Governor in Council, November 26, 1844.)

7. Draft legislative enactment, to enjoin an observance of the Sabbath in Hong Kong. (Transmitted to Governor Davis.)

8. Despatch respecting French intrigues in China. (To Sir Robert Peel, December 21, 1844.)

9. Minute on the British position and prospects in China; and an exposition of the Treaty of Nankin and of the Supplemental Treaty. (Forwarded to Governor Davis, April 19, 1845; to Sir R. Peel, April 25, 1845; to Lords of the Treasury, April 25, 1845.)

10. Representations and correspondence on the Governor's violation of instructions from Lords of the Treasury, on the disbursement and accounts of the public monies. (Forwarded to Lords of the Treasury, in May, June and July, 1845.)

11. Correspondence respecting six months' leave of absence, to represent the state of our affairs in China to Her Majesty's Government. June 18 and 24, and July 8, 1845. (Transmitted to Governor Davis, with explanatory letter to Lord Stanley, July 8, 1845; and to Mr. Stephen, Under Secretary of the Colonies, same date.)

12. Rise, progress, and condition of the tea trade, with numerous tabular statements, &c. (Forwarded to Lord Stanley, September 3, 1845.)

13. Points for the consideration of Her Majesty's Government on the whole of our affairs in China, with Appendices A B and C, showing (1) A necessary reduction of expenditure to the extent of £250,000 a-year; (2) Fair and honourable terms of negotiation with the Chinese Government for the cession of Chusan; (3) Reply to Sir H. Pottinger's reasons for preferring Hong Kong to Chusan; (4) The means to be adopted immediately for the rectification of our erroneous policy, to improve our position, and to expand our trade, &c. (Trans- mitted to Lord Stanley, September 3, 1845.)

464

xii

ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.

In addition to the preceding documents, which are very voluminous, abstracts on the above points have been given to Lord Stanley, to the Earl of Aberdeen, to Mr. Goulburn, to the Earl of Dalhousie, and to Lord Canning, in November and December, 1845; and a Synopsis of a complete Commercial Report on China (for which the materials were collected during a personal examination of all the Consular ports, and after visiting every accessible part of China,) was forwarded to the Earl of Dalhousie, 4th December, 1845, which has now been three months under the consideration of the Lords of the Treasury and Board of Trade.

These labours were in addition to the arduous and responsible duties of Her Majesty's Treasurer for the Colonial, Consular and Diplomatic services in China, which were rendered extremely harassing and anxious by the departure in China from the clear and positive instructions of the Lords of the Treasury; by the diffi- culty of procuring proper clerks-or by their death and absence from illness; and by the frequent recurrence of a depressing climactic disease, which at one period nearly proved fatal. My accounts, with their voluminous vouchers, were all passed as complete and correct by the Auditor-General, previous to my departure from the colony; and they have been found accurate in their detailed payments and balances, by the Commissioners for auditing the public accounts, excepting two items amounting to less than three pounds sterling, on which further explanation is required from the colony.

The following announcement appeared in the Government Gazette of Hong Kong, two days after my departure from the island; since then I understand it has been proposed to nominate me as the representative of the Anglo-Chinese mer- chants in England. Although I differ with them respecting the opium trade, I felt bound to declare to Lord Aberdeen that a more honourable, patriotic, and public- spirited class of men than the British merchants in China, is not to be found in any part of the world.

"A Government notification in to-day's 'Mail' announces the resignation of Mr. Montgomery Martin, who is already on his way to England, having taken his passage by the 'Lanrick' for Bombay. During the short period he held the office of Colonial Treasurer, this gentleman, by his affability and obliging disposition, and his readiness to communicate from his varied stores of knowledge, was so generally known and appreciated by the community, that any eulogium upon him would be superfluous. His residence in China will no doubt have furnished materials for an additional work to the many he has produced on our colonial history; and most people here will be anxious to see the views he gives to the world upon the rela- tions of Great Britain with China, and the prospects of the colony of Hong Kong." -China Mail, Hong Kong, 10th July, 1845.

It may be added that I caused Analysis of the Bible" to be translated into the Chinese language for general circulation.

REPORTS, MINUTES AND DESPATCHES

ON THE

BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS

CHINA.

RESPECTING HONG KONG.

No. I.--To his Excellency J. F. Davis, Governor of Hong Kong.

At sea, lat. 27 N. East coast of China,

July 24, 1844, on board" Syed Khan."

SIR,

I HAVE the honour to lay before your Excellency the accompany- ing report on the Island of Hong Kong, which I had just completed when I was seized with the recent severe attack of illness which obliged me to proceed to sea*.

The documentary appendix will not be ready until after my return to Hong Kong. The facts contained in the report are, however, sufficiently conclusive for the formation of a judgment on the present or prospective value of the colony; and I have to solicit the favour of your Excellency transmitting the report to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, as I believe no report on Hong Kong has yet been laid before Her Majesty's Government.

Having devoted twenty years to the personal examination and study of the colonies of England, France, Spain, Portugal, and Holland, my

* The following is the certificate under which leave of absence was granted; but the leave was not taken until 12th July, when the application of many leeches saved my life, and compelled an immediate removal from Hong Kong to Macao in the Government boat :-

"I do hereby certify that Mr. R. M. Martin has been for some time past suffering from general debility, with frequent feverish attacks and threatenings of dysentery, which render it highly advisable that a temporary absence from Hong Kong should be permitted; and I do strongly advise that leave of absence should be granted to him for six weeks to proceed to sea, or the north-east coast.

(Signed) ALEX. ANDERSON, Victoria, Hong Kong, July 3, 1844."

Col. Surgeon.

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mind has been prepared for an investigation of Hong Kong; and I trust I may not be deemed presumptuous in having thus early formed my conclusions on the existing value and future prospects of the colony.

In Deep 20 Any/ /4 4 - Sepavale

Inclosure in No. I.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN,

Colonial Treasurer.

REPORT ON THE ISLAND OF HONG KONG. Locality-Hong Kong, which in the Chinese language signifies "Red Harbour, "(or " Flowing Streams,") is in north latitude 22°16' 27", east longitude 114° 14′ 48′′, distant about forty miles east of Macao. It forms one of a numerous but scattered group of lofty islands, termed the "Ladrones," which vary in size and height, but agree in their arid and rugged features. The length of the island from east to west is about eight miles, with a breadth of two to four miles; it is separated from the main land of China by a strait, or inlet of the sea, varying in breadth from half a mile to three miles; one entrance, the Lymoon Pass, being less than a mile wide.

Physical Aspect.-The island consists of a broken ridge, or "hogs- back,' of mountainous hills running from w. N. w. to E. S. E., at an average height of about 1000 feet; but from this ridge and its spurs various conical mountains are elevated to the height of 1500 to 2000 feet above the sea, and very precipitous. The whole island, indeed, rises abruptly from the ocean, particularly on the north face; there are a few narrow vallies and deep ravines through which the sea occa- sionally bursts, or which serve as conduits for the mountain torrents; but on the north side of the island, especially where the town of Victoria is built, the rocky ridge approaches close to the harbour, and it was only by hewing through this ridge that a street or road could be made to connect the straggling town of Victoria, which stretches along the water edge for nearly four miles, although only comprising about fifty European houses, and several Chinese huts and bazaars. Here and there on the tops of some isolated hills, or along the precipitous slopes of the mountains, some houses have been constructed, but the rugged, broken, and abrupt precipices, and deep rocky ravines, will ever effectually prevent the formation, at Victoria, of any concentrated town adapted for mutual protection, cleanliness, and comfort. Hong Kong cannot be said to possess any vegetation: a few goats with difficulty find pasturage. After the heavy rains of May, June, July, August, and September, the hills assume somewhat of a greenish hue; but the whity-brown or red streaked ridges, with the scattered masses of black rocks, give a most uninviting and desolate aspect to the island, which is unrelieved by the adjacent main land, whose physical features are precisely similar to that of Hong Kong, the mountain-tops and sides presenting in many places a singular configuration and gloomy prospect.

}

HONG KONG.

Geology. There is no igneous formation in Hong Kong. The island partakes of the same geological character as the whole coast of China, south of the Quesan group of islands. The structure may be briefly described as consisting of decomposed coarse granite, intermixed with strata of a red disintegrating sandstone, crumbling into a ferru- ginous-looking clay. Huge boulder-stones, which gunpowder will not blast, may be seen embedded in a stiff earth, or they are strewed over the tops and sides of the mountains. Gneiss and felspar are found in fragments, and there are indications of iron-stone.

That the granite is rotten, and passing, like dead animal and vege- table substances, into a putrescent state, is evidenced from the crumbling of the apparently solid rock beneath the touch, and from the noxious vapour or nitrogen which it yields when the sun strikes fervidly on it after rain. On examining the sites of houses in Victoria, whose foun- dations were being excavated in the sides of the hills, the strata appeared like a richly-prepared compost, emitting a fetid odour of the most sickening nature, and which, at night, must prove a deadly poison. This strata quickly absorbs any quantity of rain, which it returns to the surface in the nature of a pestiferous mineral gas*. The position of

Rotten Granite.-LYELL in his "Principles of Geology," vol. i., p. 317, says- "The disintegration of granite is a striking feature of large districts in Auvergne, especially in the neighbourhood of Clermont. This decay was called by Dolomieu 'la Maladie du Granit,' and the rock may with propriety be said to have the rot, for it crumbles to pieces in the hand. The phenomenon may, without doubt,

be ascribed to the continual disengagement of carbonic acid gas from numerous fissures." It is this gas which is evolved at the Grotto del Cane near Naples, and which is so pernicious to animal life. It is disengaged at Limagna d'Auvergne in France in large quantities; a lighted candle or other burning body is extinguished by the gas.

Water materially aids, by its solvent power, the operation of car- bonic acid gas in the decomposition of rocks. This gas is invisible, destitute of smell, much heavier than common air; owing to its specific gravity it may be poured from one vessel to another; may be collected over water which largely absorbs it, and is highly deleterious to animals. It is discharged from the surface of the water of some natural springs, and from narrow and deep vallies. Other gases are evolved from the earth. Dolomieu states that he ascertained the pre- sence of sulphurous acid, muriatic acid, hepatic gas or sulphuretted hydrogen, and inflammable air or hydrogen, as well as carbonic acid. The most abundant of the gases extricated from the bowels of the earth, next to carbonic acid gas, is pro- bably carburetted hydrogen, which is so rapidly destructive of life in coal mines. It is also sometimes emitted from the surface of the soil, or of springs and wells. M. De la Beche describes the manner in which the disintegration of rocks takes place, owing to the protracted action of atmospheric moisture.

The feldspar contained in granite is often easily decomposed. Some trap rocks, from the presence of feldspar, are liable to decomposition, as in some parts of Jamaica. The main composition of granite is quartz, feldspar, and mica. Some qualities of this primitive rock contains only feldspar and mica. This is generally the case in Hong Kong, where the feldspar is in large crystals looking like a quartzose gravel. The sound granite of Hong Kong is in isolated blocks. No drainage can ever render Hong Kong salubrious; and it is exceedingly desirable that this fallacy should be exploded, as the only effect is to drain money from the British treasury. If further proof be wanting of this, it is to be found in the following most valuable facts-adduced by Dr. Heyne, of the Madras Artillery, and which I did not see until after my report on the cause of sickness at Hong Kong was written. The remarks of Dr. Heyne ought to be carefully attended to in the formation of new colonies, sites of towns, garrison stations, encampments, &c.

Dr. Heyne observes that the ordinarily received opinions as to the vegetable

B 2

REPORT ON

the town of Victoria, which may be likened to the bottom of a crater with a lake, prevents the dissipation of this gas, while the geological

or marshy origin of fevers will not here hold, for that "the hills are here not more woody than in other healthy places; some, indeed, where the epidemic of 1808 and 1810, as well as the endemic, were most destructive, are quite naked of trees, as Diudigal, Madura, and the rocks west of Seringapatam.'

CC Now, if it should be found, that this fever exists constantly and invariably among certain description of hills, when others of a different composition are as constantly free from the same, would it not become reasonable to suppose that the nature or composition of the rock itself must furnish the cause of the calamity?

"The hills where it is found to prevail, appear, at first view, to be quite harmless, as they are granite, which is the most common rock-kind on this globe. They con- tain, however, besides quartz, felspar, and mica, a great proportion of ferruginous hornblende, which, by its disintegration or separation from the rock, becomes highly magnetic, and in which, I suppose, the cause resides which produces this fever, This iron hornblende occurs in such besides a great train of other disorders. quantity, that all rivulets, public roads, indeed, all hollows along these hills are filled with its sand; from which, also, all the iron in this part of the country is manu- factured. This granite is remarkable for its disintegration, as it not only separates during the hot season in large masses of many tons, but crumbles as easily into its composing particles, and is found as sand in great abundance, not only near every rock, but near every stone, from whence it is carried by the torrents during the rains to the lower parts of the country, and thus forms the particular mark by which these hills may be distinguished from all others. It is generally not attracted by the magnet when united to the mass, even when it occurs as in hornblende state, or greenstone, in the greatest abundance, but after it has been separated it is attracted as much as any iron filing. This may be owing to the incipient state of oxydation, or, more likely, to the development of magnetism by the high tem- perature to which it has been exposed in the hot season, which also may have weakened the cohesion of the rock, and caused its disintegration in the mass.

"Hills of this description form the principal ranges of the Ghauts, as far at least as the Godavery; they predominate also among the smaller, and in single hills and rocks in the low country, so that they might be taken at the exclusive rock form- They ation of this country. However, fortunately, this is not quite the case. are easily recognised at a distance by their very rugged and abruptly pointed appearance, and the great steepness at their tops. The ranges of this formation are also very interrupted, and generally consist of rows of single hills, although to the southward, I have found them also connected at bases, and in triple and quadruple ranges.'

Dr. Heyne then gives an excellent topographic description of the hills "which have rendered themselves known to Europeans for the malignity of the fever," and after that of such as are as "constantly free of the hill fever." This is the right kind of topography, but for obvious reasons we cannot here enter into it. The hills where the fever is "totally unknown," Dr. Heyne describes as "primitive trap, He then adds, that the which consists of quartz, felspar, and real hornblende." epidemic fever of 1808 stopped short at a range of hills of this latter composition, in the Coimbatore district-a remarkable fact.

"These two ranges of trap proceed with very little or no admixture of iron stone through the whole Baramahal, from Nameul to Darampoory aud Vellore; the rocks are sometimes compact hornblende and greenstone, or basalt, all belong- ing to the same formation; but here and there hills appear among them of iron granite, which stand in connexion with other ranges of that description in that province, both east and west of that valley, which have the hill fever as virulent as in other parts of the country, where whole ranges of these hills occur.

"A most remarkable instance illustrative of the above facts, and of my deduc- tions from them, I found at Tripatoor, which lies in the above valley, close to a I asked there a respectable large table-land, the rock of which is sandstone. native whether any such disorders as fevers were frequent in the country, but received in answer, 'No, thank God, not within ten miles of this place; at Javadymalle, a hill fort, where no man can live two days without getting it.' To

{

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HONG KONG,

formation favours the retention of a morbific poison on the surface, to 436

be occasionally called into deadly activity. There is no extent of marsh on the island capable of generating miasm; but the heavy rains are annually washing large portions of the mountain through deep ravines into the bay, and thus continually exposing a fresh rotten surface to the sun's rays, and preserving a focus of disease which will finally become endemic.

Vast quantities of the silt from the hills are being deposited along the shores of the harbour. Owing to this circumstance, and to the rapid receding of the tides from this coast, the bay is becoming shoaler every day. The average depth is only four to five fathoms, except in the stream, where there is six to seven fathoms. In no great interval of time, the harbour of Hong Kong will be too shoal in many places for large vessels.

Climate. It is difficult to convey by thermometrical registers an accurate idea of the climate of any place. The range of the thermo- meter will not indicate the pressure of the atmosphere; the barometer, in or near the tropics, is of little utility as an index; the hygrometer imperfectly shows the quantity of rain which is in solution; while the

this place a peon was dispatched with the simple order of bringing two or three stones from the rock of the hill, and some sand as might be found on the road. The man returned, and brought pieces of a rock composed of red felspar, quartz, and plenty of ferruginous hornblende; and the sand of the road consisted entirely of magnetic sand and particles of felspar.

"I must name now the Pulicat hills, among which, as far as they extend to the southward (Chittoor), the hill fever is totally unknown; I was particular in my inquiries on this subject, in the beginning of this year, when among them. They consist entirely of flinty slate, and are bare in some places as they are woody in others, and as lofty and as low as the granite hills.

"I come now to a country and hills where I have lived myself for some years, the Cuddapah district. It is divided from Gurrumcondah on the south, and from iron granite and the hill fever, by a range of flinty slate,

The same bends there to the northward, where the ranges thicken as they advance, and leave narrow valleys as far as Cummuur, and further up the river Kishna. The whole or most of these hills belong to the clay-slate formation, some are calcareous, all however are free of the hill fever. Other fevers may occasionally be seen, such as simple intermittents and bilious remittents, but they do not, like the hill fever, run into a typhus, and the cautious may easily guard against and get rid of them.

"This is the largest extent of inland country which I know to be free of the hill fever, viz., from Cuddapah to Kishna near Chintapilly, a place that has been at all times dreaded for its fevers. There, the iron granite hills prevail again. To the westward of Cuddapah, the healthiness of the country extends to the Ganjecot- tah hills, which belong to the flatz trap formation, consisting of sandstone, lime- stone, jasper and hornstone pebbles cemented together, and which are perfectly free of magnetic ironstone.

Bababudden is another range of hills which is remarkably free of hill fevers, although it lies between places of notoriety for such, as Seringapatam to the S. W., and Chittledroog to the N. W., and Naggury to the W., an unwholesome country amongst the Ghauts. It belongs to the clay-slate formation, and active magnets are found in large depositions on them. It rains on them for six months in the year continually, when plants keep fresh and alive in the open air for many days after they have been taken out of the ground, or broken off the stem. observation, viz., that the hill fever on this coast exists exclusively among the hills of the granite formation, or where iron stone is found in large quantities, will be confirmed, the more it is brought to the test.

In fact, my

REPORT ON

height of the surrounding land,-its configuration,-the nature of the soil, the extent and quantity of the vegetation,-the exposure to the sea and the prevailing winds, all influence what is comprised under the word "climate.' In some respects the whole coast of China partakes of the climatic characteristics of the opposite coast of the American continent, particulary as regards the extremes of temperature, and its depressing influence on mental or bodily exertion.

For six months in the year, April to September, the heat varies from 80° to 90° F.; but occasionally during the other six months the heat is also very great, the thermometer having been known to stand at 80° F. on Christmas-day. The island, being on the verge of the tropics, is subject to the extremes of the torrid and temperate zones. Even in the same day, the range of mercury in the thermometer is very great, and the vicissitudes are exceedingly trying to the European con- stitution.

But neither the range from heat to cold, nor the quantity of mois- ture in the atmosphere, will adequately convey an idea of the effects that this climate is capable of producing on the human frame. During April and part of May, when the sun is approaching rapidly from the equator, there is a dry burning heat, with a cloudless sky; but towards the end of May, and throughout June, July, August, and part of Sep- tember, the rain descends in torrents, with a force and continuance such as I have never seen in India, Africa, Australasia, or any other part of the world. The clouds pour down one vast sheet of water, washing away hills and rocks, furrowing the island with deep ravines, and satu- rating the soft, porous, putrescent strata, to the extent of many feet, with daily renewed moisture.

In the intervals of rain a nearly vertical sun acts with an intense evaporating power, and a noxious steam or vapour rises from the fetid soil, yielding a gas of a most sickly and deleterious nature, exactly such as I experienced on the coast of Africa in 1824, when I was seized with an earth-fever while in Her Majesty's service, from the effects of which I with great difficulty recovered, but of which most of my brother officers perished. This morbific gas does not arise from vegetable or from animal decomposition: there is none on the island of any extent; but decomposed mineral substances yield an aeriform poison, under some circumstances, of a more deadly description than either of the This gas does not rise more than a few other kingdoms of nature. feet from the earth; it slowly mingles with the surrounding atmosphere, and, when not causing immediate illness, produces a depressing effect on mind and body, which undermines and destroys the strongest

constitutions.

Military and naval men who have served in Africa and in India, feel the effects of the sun in Hong Kong in a manner never before experienced. Even at Macao, only forty miles west of Hong Kong, July, Europeans may walk about the whole day in the month of when to do so at Hong Kong would be attended with almost certain death. Neither the Indian Sepoys, Malays, or Chinese can endure the climate so well as Europeans, whose stamina they do not possess. The Chinese deem it exceedingly dangerous to prolong their abode in the island beyond a certain time. They have ever viewed Hong Kong as injurious to health and fatal to life. The Europeans who survive a

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HONG KONG.

brief residence in this climate generally get a lassitude of frame, and an irritability of fibre, which destroy the spring of existence. A malign influence operates on the system in a most distressing manner, which is not removed by a return to Europe, on the contrary, the sufferers not unfrequently die in England soon after their arrival there.

Diseases and Mortality.-The prevailing disease of Hong Kong is a fever combining the character of the African and West India fevers. It was at first supposed to be epidemic, but it has now become endemic, and may be assumed to be the fixed malady of the island. Diarrhoea and dysentery form the next most immediately fatal class of diseases; but intermittent fever or ague destroys health gradually. Last year the strength per annum of the European and native troops was 1526, and the number who passed through hospital in the year amounted to 7893: thus, on an average, each man went through the hospital more than five times in the year! Of the diseases with which they were afflicted, 4069 were fevers, 762 diarrhoea, 497 dysenteries, and 180 were pul- monic complaints. The total number of deaths out of 1526 men was 440, or 1 in 3. The fatal fever cases were 155; ditto diarrhoea, 80; ditto dysentery, 137. The destruction of life since our occupation of Hong Kong has been enormous. Last year the deaths among the troops in the island amounted to 1 in 3; at Koolungsoo, to 1 in 12}; and at Chusan, to 1 in 291*. Her Majesty's 98th Regiment lost at Hong Kong in 21 months 257 men by death; but in this and other regiments it is not merely the deaths which indicate disease and perni- cious climate, it is the great number of men invalided and constantly unfit for duty. One half the men of a company are frequently unable

* EUROPEAN AND NATIVE Troops.

ABSTRACT, showing the Admissions and Deaths at the different Stations, of the Force in China for the year 1843.

STATIONS.

Hong Kong

Chusan

Koolungsoo

Admissions per Annum.

Strength per ann.

Received 31st Dec.,

Fevers.

1842.

Diarrhoea.

Dysentery.

Cholera.

Hepatites.

Pulmonic Affections.

Dropsical ditto.

Rheumatism.

Other Diseases.

Total Sick per ann.

1526 364 4069 762 497 4

|1980 201|2044] 373|

993 101 2201] 37 15 62

32 180 51 2121722 7893

43 10

169

1441366 4401

37 3

38 369 2879

TOTAL

4499 66683141172 555 76 90

386 63

3943457 15,173

437

KEPORT ON

to attend parade; out of 100 men there are sometimes not more than 15 or 16 men fit for active duty. The Royal Artillery (the finest military corps in the world), out of 135 men and officers, lost in two years 51 by death (of whom 35 died at Hong Kong during the last six months of 1843) and 45 by invaliding. That Hong Kong was the cause of their death will be seen from the fact, that Colonel Knowles' detachment of Royal Artillery went through the whole of the war at Canton and in the Yang-tze-kiang river; the detachment was out here three years, it never landed at Hong Kong; one man was killed, another died of dropsy, but the whole of the remainder of the detach- ment returned to England, except the commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel Knowles, who landed at Hong Kong, and died of fever.

The officers of the Royal Artillery died in the same proportion as the men out of nine officers who came out with the original detach- ment, but one escaped disease or death. Last year there were several losses in the ships of war. Her Majesty's ship "Agincourt" lost dur- ing the sickly season of 1843 60 men, of whom 20 were marines; 40 men were invalided home, of whom few would recover.

Since leaving England in May, 1842, the " Agincourt" has been obliged to enter 160 seamen from merchant ships. The cause assigned for the severe ill- ness of the marines and seamen of last year was the being obliged to land guards to protect stores at West Point. This year the "Agin- court sends no men on shore or on night duty; and out of 600 men, there are only 23, including slight hurts, on the sick list-a fact which tests the insalubrity of the shore.

STATIONS.

ABSTRACT, &c.~(continued).

Deaths per Annum.

Fevers.

Diarrhoea.

Pulmonic Affections.

Dropsical ditto. Rheumatism.

Total Deaths per

Dysentery.

Other Diseases.

Hepatites.

Cholera.

ann.

Discharged per ann.

Transferred per ann.

On Sick Leave per

ann.

Received 31st Dec.,

1843.

Rates per ann. of

Sick to Strength.

Rates per ann. of

Deaths to Strength.

Hong Kong - |155 80|137 0 5 1319 427 440

6969 32 72 380 5.1

Chusan

11 22

23 3 8 2 016

67 4165 0

Koolungsoo

341

418 0 2 2 016

2699 6

(1 in 3

nearly. 36 133 2.22 1 in 9}

94 2.91 in 12§

958

TOTAL - 200106143 21 82323 459 587 13,833 38 108 607 3:42

Mr. Keith Stewart Mackensie, Military Secretary to the Commander-in-chief, says in his "Narrative of the Second Campaign in China," published in London, "there were as many as 1100 men April, 1842, that when he was at Hong Kong,

in hospital; and in the 37th Madras Regiment of 560 men, only 50 were fit for duty. Many men and officers were obliged to be invalided."

HONG KONG.

The deaths in the naval force at Hong Kong and Whampoa for the six sickly months ending October, 1843, were four per cent., while for the same period on shore the deaths among the troops averaged twenty-four per cent.; and even among the European civilians the estimate was ten

per cent.*

In May, 1843, the left wing of Her Majesty's 55th Regiment had 16 officers and 490 men in Hong Kong; from thence to November, 2 officers and 218 men died, and the lives of the remainder were only saved by the prompt, judicious, and humane conduct of General D'Aguilar in immediately embarking the men for England.

The mortality as yet (July 17) during the present year has not been so great, but the sickness is equally destructive of the efficiency of the troops. Chuc Chew, on the south side of Hong Kong, it was hoped would be a healthy station. On the 30th June, 1844, out of 400 men of Her Majesty's 98th Regiment at Chuc Chew, there were 109 in hospital; out of 80 lascars at the same station, there were 30 in hospital+.

It was supposed that Saiwan, on the south-east side of Hong Kong, would afford a healthy station for the troops: Government expended about 30,000 dollars in preparing and building a fine set of barracks, of two stories, with every view to comfort and health. The officer of the Royal Engineers having reported the barracks habitable, the General Commanding sent a medical board to examine the building and station. The board reported that the station at Saiwan appeared healthy, that there was no apparent cause for disease, and that it was eligible for troops. The General resolved to begin with a small detachment, and twenty Europeans were sent to Saiwan. No sentry was to be mounted during the day, and but one at night. In five weeks five of the soldiers were dead, three more were in a dangerous state, and four were conval- escent; one European woman and child were also dangerously ill.

* Captain White, of the Omega,' enumerated to me the following, among his own acquaintance in a brief period:-Captain McCarthy, æt. 36. Never pre- viously ill. Sailor; Captain of ship.-Captain Morgan, Captain of ship.-Mr. Hy. Pybus, æt. 32. Strong healthy man. -Messrs. Elsworthy, Dyer, and Scott, æt. about 24. Healthy men. Mr. Mercer, merchant.-Mr. Langer, architect. -Two Mr. Hights, brothers. One Captain of ship, and the other merchant. Both young men. -Mr. Cropper, merchant.-Mr. Stevenson, builder. Had been five years resi- dent in Sierra Leone, and three years in New Orleans.-Mr. McEwen, general dealer. Mr. Disandt, æt. 37. Long resident in India.-Fully one-third of those he knew in Hong Kong, intimately, during the first eighteen months, died in Hong Kong.

+During the year 1845, Chuc Chew-which is almost entirely composed of rotten granite-proved as unhealthy as Victoria. By the last accounts Her Majesty's 18th were dying there rapidly; but every effort is made to suppress such information by those who wish to maintain the delusion at home. The Overland "Friend of China" of the 31st December, 1845, states, that the mortality of the 18th Royal Irish, from the 1st March to December, 1845, at Chuc Chew, has been "nearly twenty-three per cent. The whole of the Europeans have now been removed from this wretched and useless spot, and placed on board the ship 'Sir R. Sale,' in the harbour of Hong Kong, on the Chinese shore; but," adds the jour- nal, there has been no improvement from the change, and it is probable they will sail for England." This very regiment did not lose three per cent. per annum last year at Chusan; now they are almost entirely unfit for immediate active service.

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The remaining men were withdrawn, and a small detachment of Native troops sent thither, in order to ascertain whether the climate will suit them. On the 17th July, 1844, only four men out of the twenty Europeans who had been to Saiwan, were reported fit for duty.

The returns made to the Army and Navy medical boards, will fur- nish full information on the sufferings of the soldiers and sailors in Her Majesty's service in this colony.*

The Indian troops bear the insalubrity of the climate worse than the Europeans. In the cantonments at the west end of Victoria, the 39th Madras Native Infantry and 37th Madras Native Infantry lost half their men in 1842-43. In May, 1844, a wing of the 4th regiment Madras Native Infantry, landed at Hong Kong 450 men in perfect health, and 53 sick, after a long voyage.

There have been already many deaths in the cantonments at the east end of Victoria; and in June, 1844, there were 160 men sick, and the list was daily increasing. From 15th April to 2nd July, 1844, there died at Hong Kong, out of the small force here, fifty-two Europeans and forty-two Native soldiers.

General D'Aguilar says that the maintenance of an European garri- son at Hong Kong, would cost the Crown one regiment every three years. Estimating each soldier as having cost Government £100, this would be a severe pecuniary loss, and worthy the consideration of those who will not reflect on the humanity of the subject.

To keep 700 effective fire-locks in Hong Kong, it is necessary to maintain 1400 men.

Hong Kong is not less fatal to the Chinese, of whom there are, on

"of an average, about 600 sick and dying monthly. Dr. Gutzlaff says, 100 Coolies with whom I was acquainted, there died between the 20th May and 15th June, 1844, ten men, and thirty left the place diseased." I understand that the whole of these 100 strong men from the N.E. coast, were obliged to leave the colony from sickness. There is no large town or extensive population on the mainland of China adjacent to Hong Kong, which indicates the native opinion of this part of China.

Dr. Gutzlaff says,

many Chinese have fallen victims in Hong Kong to a malignant fever, which not only deranges the whole system, but hastens the death of the patient." He adds, "there exists among the doctors not one dissentient voice about the fatal tendency of diseases contracted heret.'

* During the year 1845, the 98th (Queen's) Regiment were nearly useless from mortality and sickness; they were sent to Chusan at Christmas, and the 18th Royal Irish were brought down to Hong Kong. In a letter dated 30th October, 1845, The Hong Kong, it is stated on one of the highest authorities in the colony: summer heat is now at an end, and the loss of the garrison during its continuance (five months), has been seventy-two Europeans and thirty of the native troops; but a great number of them are still sick (a good many have since died). At Chusan they have been quite healthy, and by the last accounts had lost only three men during the summer. Many other illustrations might be given.

+ Dr. Mc Pherson, in his work, "Two Years in China," expresses the follow- ing opinion of the value of Hong Kong :-

"In other respects (that is, excepting its harbour), this new colony possesses

HONG KONG.

Nor is it during only one period of the year that the island is unhealthy in the cold season there are agues, low continued fever, diarrhoea, pulmonary complaints, dropsy, rheumatism, and various other diseases arising from general debility of the system, and from the poisoned atmosphere. On the 25th August, 1843, the Surveyor- General of the colony reported to the Government, that "the number of interments had been so great (in the European grave-yard) that the inclosure was almost full, and the hill behind so rocky, that it was impossible to dig into it; therefore, ere long, it would be necessary to provide another place." The Surveyor-General further stated that it would be a difficult thing to select another grave-yard, on account of the rocky and uneven nature of the island.

Let it not be said that the dreadful mortality and sickness of Hong Kong is the result of the newness of the colony, and that all young settlements suffer proportionably. The assertion, if made, is at variance with fact. New colonies even in the tropics have not been originally unhealthy; when the West India Islands were first colonized they were perfectly healthy, as is proved by the large European population who resorted thither and remained there many years. Calcutta and Bombay are reported to have been formerly much healthier than they are at present. The Australian colonies were perfectly healthy when founded; so also the Mauritius and St. Helena. I cannot name a single colony that was originally unhealthy, and that subsequently became salubrious. Soldiers, sailors, and civilians, Europeans and natives, women as well as men, residing in every part of Hong Kong, have fallen victims to the climate, and at all seasons of the year.

An extensive study of the subject and no inconsiderable experience in different climates, induces me to concur in the opinon of Dr. Thompson, the respected head of the medical department of Hong Kong, that the island never will be healthy. Its geological character, the immense quantity of rain, and the circumvallation of hills surrounding the town and island, render it a hot-bed of disease, which may be more mitigated one year than another, but which will ever and anon recur with varied violence. No drainage can obviate this destructive miasm; independent of new roads or buildings, the rain will every year keep the surface con- tinually saturated with moisture, and also uncover large portions of the

but few advantages. Its northern side is formed by a connected ridge of moun- tains, the highest of which is about 2000 feet above the level of the sea. Except in a few spots, these mountains are barren and uncultivated,-formed by black project- ing masses of granite, the intervals giving shelter to herbage and brushwood. There are no trees of any size; and, unlike the generality of mountainous districts, it possesses but a few valleys, and these not of any extent. The mountains for the most part fall perpendicularly into the sea, thus leaving but little space for building at their base.

"The appearance of Hong Kong is anything but prepossessing, and to those who have hitherto resided upon it, the climate has proved far from salubrious. There is a good deal of rank vegetation on the face of the hill; the ground on which, after a heavy fall of rain, becomes elastic and boggy. On the Cowloon side of the bay (in the Chinese territory), the atmosphere is at all times more pure, and the changes of temperature less sudden; indeed, altogether it appears a far more likely and preferable spot to form a settlement than on the Hong Kong side."

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hills, washing the putrifying substance down the deep ravines towards the sea; thus generating a fruitful crop of diseases.

We shall have to consider in a subsequent part of this report whether the objects sought or to be obtained by the possession of Hong Kong, are worth the dreadful sacrifice of life which the maintenance of the present establishment entails.

Population and Social Progress.-Hong Kong was "ceded to the British Crown under the seal of the Imperial Minister and High Commis- sioner Keshen, in January, 1841;" see Captain Elliot's proclamation dated Hong Kong, 29 January, 1841, promising "full security and protec- tion to all British subjects and foreigners residing in or resorting to the island, so long as they shall continue to conform to the authority of Her Majesty's Government, hereby duly constituted and proclaimed in and over Hong Kong," &c.

By the same proclamation natives of China were invited to settle in the island, by promising them that they should be "governed accord- ing to the laws and customs of China, every description of torture excepted." And by another proclamation, dated Hong Kong, 1841, issued by Sir Gordon Bremer, Commander-in-Chief, and Captain Elliot, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, it is declared "that the island of Hong Kong has now become a part of the dominions of the Queen of England, by clear public agreement between the high officers of the Celestial and British Courts; and the Chinese are hereby promised pro- tection in Her Majesty's gracious name, against all enemies whatever; and they are further secured in the free exercise of their religious rites, ceremonies, and social customs, and in the enjoyment of their lawful private property and interests. Chinese ships and merchants resorting to the port of Hong Kong for purposes of trade, are exempt, in the name of the Queen of England, from charge or duty of any kind to the British Government." The remainder of the proclamation consists of further inducements for the Chinese to settle in and trade with Hong Kong. A form of Government was organized-a chief magistrate and a harbour-master were appointed-fifty lots of land were sold in June, 1841, to Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co.; Dent and Co.; McVicar and Co.; Fox, Rawson, and Co.; Turner and Co.; Lindsay and Co.; and various other persons; the annual rental of which amounted to £3,224. Each lot was required to have a building erected within six months, of the appraised value of 1000 dollars; and a deposit of 500 dollars was required to be lodged with the treasurer, as a security for the perform- ance of this engagement. Building commenced with great spirit; the Government spent very large sums of money upon the island, and the The island has harbour was filled with ships of war and transports.

We shall now had a fair trial of more than three and a-half years. inquire what progress it has made in population.

On taking possession of Hong Kong, it was found to contain about 7,500 inhabitants, scattered over twenty fishing hamlets and villages. The requirements of the fleet and troops, the demand for labourers to make roads and houses; and the servants of Europeans increased the number of inhabitants, and in March, 1842, they were numbered at 12,361. In April, 1844, the number of Chinese on the island was computed at 19,000, of whom not more than 1000 are women and

HONG KONG.

children. In the census are included ninety-seven women slaves, and 40

female attendants on thirty-one brothels, eight gambling-houses, and twenty opium shops, &c. It is literally true that after three years and a-half's uninterrupted settlement, there is not one respectable Chinese inhabitant on the island.* One man of reputed wealth named Chinam, who had been engaged in the opium trade, came to Hong Kong, built a good house, and freighted a ship. He soon returned to Canton, and died there of a fever and cold contracted at Hong Kong. It was under- stood, however, that had he lived he would have been prohibited return- ing to Hong Kong, the policy of the mandarins on the adjacent coast being to prevent all respectable Chinese from settling at Hong Kong ; and in consequence of the hold they possess on their families and rela- tives, this can be done most effectually. At the same time, I believe that they encourage and promote the deportation of every thief, pirate, and idle or worthless vagabond from the mainland to Hong Kong. The Rev. Dr. Gutzlaff, who has been engaged in making the recent census appended to this report, referring to the fishermen who formed the greater part of the population of the island on our arrival, says- They are a roving set of beings, floating on the wide face of the ocean with their families, and committing depredations whenever it can be done with impunity." "The stone-cutters have been working here for many years before our arrival. The majority of these men are unprin- cipled. They cannot be considered as domesticated, and are in the habit of going and coming, according to the state of trade."

"The most numerous class who have, since our arrival, fixed themselves on the island, are from Whampoa; many of them are of the worst charac- ter, and ready to commit any atrocity." "The capital of the shop- keepers is very small; most of them live from hand to mouth, and lead a life of expedients, without principle or self-controul.

It is very natural that depraved, idle, and bad characters from the adjacent mainland and islands should flock to the colony where some money can be made+."

The merchants and British residents in Hong Kong, in a memorial to Lord Stanley, dated 13th August, 1845 (after I had quitted the island), fully verify this observation: they say, there is at this moment, after four years occupation of the island, scarcely one foreign resident, except Government officers, and those British merchants and traders who commenced building before the enforcement of the leases; there are no Chinese merchants, or even shopkeepers, with any pretension to property!"

A writer in the London "Times" of 17th December, 1844, speaking of his experience at Hong Kong, says, "The community is migratory, property most insecure, and life often in danger, from the bands of piratical robbers that infest this and the neighbouring islands. The place has nothing to recommend it, if we except its excellent harbour. The site of the new town of Victoria is most objec- tionable, there being scarcely level ground enough for the requisite buildings; and the high hills which overhang the locality shut out the southerly winds, and render the place exceedingly hot, close, and unhealthy. Many of the worst description of Chinese resort there, and I have seen during one evening at Victoria more open scenes of vice and debauchery than I had observed during my three years' stay in the north of China. So much for the boasted march of civilization! principal part of the trade is still confined to Canton, and will long continue to be so; that with the north is as yet comparatively insignificant, and the additional expenses charged on shipment and agency have been so great as to prevent much traffic with the new ports. The very high rate at which opium continues to be

The

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Dr. Gutzlaff, whose prepossessions are strongly in favour of the Chinese, concludes this portion of the memorandum with which he has. favoured me, as follows: "The moral standard of the people congre- gated in this place (Hong Kong) is of the lowest description."

This observation is fully borne out by the numerous murders, pira- cies, burglaries, and robberies of every description which have taken place during the last three years, and with almost perfect impunity, for the Chinese are formed into secret societies for the mutual protection of villains, and no man dare inform against another.

At this moment (July, 1844) the European inhabitants are obliged to sleep with loaded pistols under their pillows,-frequently to turn out of their beds at midnight to protect their lives and property from gangs of armed robbers, who are ready to sacrifice a few of their number if they can obtain a large plunder*.

This state of things was long ago predicted. In the "Canton Register" of 23rd February, 1841, it was stated: "Hong Kong will be the resort and rendezvous of all the Chinese smugglers. Opium smoking-shops and gambling-houses will soon spread; to those haunts will flock all the discontented and bad spirits of the empire; the island will be surrounded by shameens,' and become a Gehenna of the Waters." Three yearst have completely fulfilled this prediction, and neither time nor circumstances will now ever alter the character of the place. No Chinese of the humbler class will even bring their wives and children to the colony. He must be a sanguine visionary who expects that Hong Kong will ever contain a numerous and respectable Chinese population; and as regards the present inhabitants, (if a mi- gratory race, who are constantly changing, deserve that epithet,) their

sold does also, I doubt not, affect the commercial market. I have heard that 150,0007. will not clear the annual expenses of Her Majesty's establishments in China, and, if the various public works be taken into account, there will be an out- lay far beyond what the advantages to the state by increase of trade, either present or prospective, will at all warrant."

* As an illustration of these daring nightly attacks (to which incendiarism is now being added), the following excerpt from the "Hong Kong Register" of 13th May, 1845, will suffice :

66 Early in the morning of Wednesday a party of about twenty-five Chinese attempted to break into a house at East Point. They had mounted on the roof by ladders before being observed, and when the alarm was given, still offered a stout resistance, being well armed. One only was captured, but from the traces of blood that were visible to the boat in which the rest escaped, it is believed others were seriously wounded, either by shot from the watchmen, or by jumping from the roof when all could not use the ladder simultaneously. Two of the party who attacked them were wounded, we are happy to say neither dangerously. The fire-balls and torches brought by the robbers illuminated the place nearly equal to daylight; and they had strewed the street with iron crowsfeet, all showing how deliberately the attack was planned. It is supposed, however, the attack was intended for an adjoining house where a Chinaman resides who occasionally deals in opium.

"The captured robber was examined before the magistrate and committed for trial. We understand he resolutely refused to give any information regarding his companions." On one occasion the robbers attacked a guard-boat with a serjeant's party of Her Majesty's 98th Regiment, killed or drowned the guard, and carried off the money.

The overland "Friend of China" of November and December,

1845, has several narratives of daring piracy and robbery in and around Hong Kong.

+ Now five years.

HONG KONG.

diminution by one half would be satisfactory, for then a control by registration might be exercised, and life and property be rendered in some degree secure. The daring character of the population, and its worthlessness for civil purposes in the formation of a colony, will be seen in the following incident.

On the 27th September, 1843, the Hon. Major Caine, the chief magistrate, issued a proclamation for pulling down some mat-sheds, which harboured a gang of ruffians who were nightly engaged in plun- dering the town. In the beginning of October, 1843, the Chinese robbers posted a counter-proclamation on the gate of No. 1, Market- place, in the chief thoroughfare, declaring, "that if they left the island themselves, they would compel others to do so, taking with them their merchandize and property, and warning people to be cautious how they ventured out after dark, lest they meet with some unexpected harm."

At the same time the Government coal depôts were set on fire; the mat barracks of the 41st Regiment and the Market-place No. 1 were attempted to be burnt; and at noon, a number of Chinamen, armed with knives, entered the Market, threatened all around, wounded an Euro- pean policeman, and then walked away unmolested.

The number of prisoners in the jail of Hong Kong averaged, during 1843-44, from sixty to ninety a-month, and the crimes with which they were charged were invariably piracy, murder, burglary, robbery, &c. There has been no diminution of crime; the number of prisoners in the jail have increased; and the nightly robberies are as frequent if not more so than they were three years ago. The shopkeepers do not remain more than a few months on the island, when another set takes their place; there is, in fact, a continual shifting of a Bedouin sort of population, whose migratory, predatory, gambling, and dissolute habits utterly unfit them for continuous industry, and render them not only useless, but highly injurious, subjects, in the attempt to form a new colony.

There cannot be said to be any other coloured race in the colony; a few lascars seek employment in ships. The European inhabitants, independent of those in the employ of Government, consist of the mem- bers of about twelve mercantile houses, and their clerks, together with several European shopkeepers, A few persons have arrived here from New South Wales, to try and better their fortune, many of whom would be glad to return thither.

The principle mercantile firms are those engaged in the opium trade, who have removed hither from Macoa as a safer position for an opium depôt, and which they frankly admit is the only trade Hong Kong will ever possess.

The opium belonging to the two principal firms is not, however, lodged on shore; it is kept in "receiving-ships," the "Hormanjee Bom- anjee," belonging to Jardine, Matheson, and Co., and the "John Barry,' belonging to Dent and Co. Even the money in use by those firms is not intrusted on shore, but is kept in the receiving-ships. These firms, and the three or four others partially engaged in the opium trade, carry on this business in Hong Kong; the tea trade is carried on dis- tinctly at Canton, by members of the firms resident there. Excepting the six firms engaged in the opium trade, the other six houses are small, and are principally agents for manufacturers, &c., in Great Britain.

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The expense of establishments, the high rate of interest of money, and the want of trade, will, it is said, probably ere long compel the removal or breaking up of several of the small houses. There is scarcely a firm in the island but would, I understand, be glad to get back half the money they have expended in the colony, and retire from the place*. A sort of hallucination seems to have seized those who built houses here. They thought that Hong Kong would rapidly "outrival Singapore,' and become "the Tyre or Carthage of the eastern hemisphere. Three years' residence, and the experience thence derived, have materially sobered some of their views. Unfortunately, the Government of the colony fostered the delusion respecting the colony. The leading Govern- ment officers bought land, built houses or bazars, which they rented out at high rates, and the public money was lavished in the most extraor- dinary manner, building up and pulling down temporary structures, making zig-zag bridle-paths over hills and mountains, and forming the "Queen's Road," of from three to four miles long, on which about 180,000 dollars have been expended, but which is not passable for half the year.

The straggling settlement called "Victoria," built along the "Queen's Road," was dignified with the name of "City;" and it was declared on the highest authority, that "Hong Kong would contain a population equal to that of Ancient Rome." The Surveyor-General, in an official report to his relative Sir Henry Pottinger, of twenty- two pages,

dated 6th July, 1843, proposed building an entirely new town or "city" in the Woonichung Valley, (which may be aptly called the "Valley of Death,") with a grand canal and many branch canals, &c. Two ranges of terraces of houses, &c.; courts of law, and various other offices; acclimatizing barracks; additions to the present govern- ment house, for the secretaries and personal staff of the Governor, isolated from all other buildings; a space of land to be reclaimed from the sea for a public landing-place, with an esplanade or public walk; a magnificent promenade of four miles, to be made on ground now cov- ered by the sea, which was to be excluded by a sea wall, at a cost of 35 dollars per lineal yard, exclusive of filling in, &c.† ; a circular road over hills and ravines round the entire island, &c., &c., adapted for carriages, and for moving troops with speed and facility to any part of the island, where they may happen to be required for the protection of the different villages! (these villages, be it remembered, containing nothing but a few hundreds of a thieving piratical population). I refer to the Government archives for full details of these and other most

* "The respectable Parsee firm whose extensive premises near Messrs. Dent and Co., are now nearly finished, have determined not to remove to Hong Kong; others, who contemplated settling here, have changed their minds and remain at Macao. Two English firms, within three months, have abandoned the island, confining their operations to Canton; and of the several new firms established within the past six months, none of them has even an office in Hong Kong. There is now positively less actual trade than we had two years ago, and the little that exists is decreasing."-(" Friend of China," editorial article, Hong Kong, 18th June, 1845.)

"It is much to be feared that unless very different measures are speedily adopted, this colony, as a place of commerce, will be utterly ruined."-(Ibid.)

† 246,500 dollars.

尹

HONG KONG.

ridiculous projects, involving a vast expenditure of public money, which none but the wildest theorists, or self-interested persons, could have projected or entertained. On the 17th December, 1843, the Surveyor- General laid before Sir Henry Pottinger the elevation of a building for a Government office, &c., with a front of 360 feet in length, by 50 feet in depth, and which would probably cost £30,000 sterling. There seemed to be the greatest possible desire to spend a large part of the Chinese indemnity money on this wretched, barren, unhealthy and useless rock, which the whole wealth, talent, and energy of England would never render habitable, or creditable, as a colony, to the British name. illustration of the mode in which the public money was proposed to be spent, I give the following, which is a portion of the estimate of public works in Hong Kong for 1844, and which Sir Henry Pottinger trans- mitted to England for approval :-

side of Woongnichung Valley Ditto to go-downs of Jardine and Co. New street formation in Victoria

* In

Dollars.

Completion of Queen's-road from West Point to the East

28,000

15,000

35,000

100,000

Carried forward

178,000

Sewers in Victoria

17 472

* No outlay of money would ever maintain roads in the island, even if it were supposed necessary to make roads over rotten granite and decayed sandstone moun- tains filled with huge boulder-stones. The 66 1845, thus describes the effect of one of the usual heavy rain-falls, which took place Hong Kong Register" of 13th May, 7th May, 1845, and lasted only a few hours :-"The damage was very great, both to the recently-formed roads and to many buildings in the course of erection; and had the violence of the rain continued an hour or two longer, many houses must have been undermined and destroyed. As it was, much individual inconvenience has been sustained. About 5 o'clock, the whole of the Queen's-road, from the entrance to the large bazaar to the market-place, was completely flooded, to the depth of from two to four feet. All the streets leading upwards to the hill served as feeders to this lake. In Peel-street, particularly, the torrent rushed along, bearing everything before it, and the street still resembles a dried-up watercourse, covered with stones and wrecks of buildings. The passages from the Queen's-road to the sea were all full. The one leading through Chunam's Hong for hours pre- sented the appearance of a rapid river, and many of the houses on each side were only saved from the flood by mud walls hastily raised. About 6 o'clock the rain moderated, but for some time after the road was quite impassable. A Coolie, attempting to ford the stream rushing down D'Aguilar-street, was borne off his feet, but saved himself by coming against the frame of a mat-shed. The drain lately formed could not nearly receive the supply of water, which committed great devastation, flooding a new house in its vicinity to the depth of nearly three feet, and carrying away some new walls. All the open drains in the upper streets have suffered; many are entirely destroyed, leaving scarcely a trace of the street. stream from a distant watercourse flowed along the road above the bungalow occu- pied by the Attorney-General, and descending with great fury upon the roof of one of his out-offices, carried away a great part of it. In many places the Queen's road has been covered with soil, sand, &c., to the depth of more than two feet, and nearly all the cross-drains are choked up. The bridge at the Commissariat has been carried away, and that in the Wong-nai-chung has also disappeared. Several lives were lost by the fall of a house in which some Chinese resided; and it is said the stream at Pokfowlum burst upon a mat hut in which were a number of Coolies employed upon the new road; three saved themselves in a tree, but many more are missing, and supposed to be carried out to sea.

The

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Brought forward

Dollars. 178,000

Value of houses to be removed from Upper Bazaar and other

places

25,000

Drainage of Woongnichung Valley

7,000

Briddle-path to Saiwan

3,000

New church

35,000

Government house, with suitable offices, &c.

70,000

House for Judge

24,000

Ditto for Advocate-General

20,000

Ditto for Queen's Solicitor-General

20,000

Ditto for Colonial Secretary

20,000

Ditto for Chief Magistrate

Ditto for Treasurer

20,000

18,000

House for Land Officer

18,000

Ditto for Clerk of Colonial Council

16,000

Ditto for Colonial Surgeon

16,000

Ditto for Chaplain

16,000

Range of buildings for Advocate-General, Queen's Solici-

tor, &c., &c.

100,000

Prison, with house for gaoler, Hong Kong

45,000

Debtor's gaol, Hong Kong

20,000

House of Correction, Hong Kong

Two Police Stations, north side of the island

Two smaller ditto

Police Station at Chuc Choo

Ditto at Saiwan

Ditto at Pok-fulum

Keeping in repair Chuc Choo road

Contingencies of 5 per cent.

15,000

10,000

4,000

8,000

3,000

•

1,500

715,500 35,775

Consulate at Canton

751,275 45,000

Total

796,275

This is but a small portion of the contemplated expenditure; it does not include the formation of streets and roads in Hon Kong, which, on account of the mountainous nature of the island, would cost about 100,000l. sterling. It does not include barracks, stores, forts, arsenals, dock-yards, wharfs, &c., all projected, and which would cost several millions sterling before they would be completed.

It is unnecessary to pursue this branch of the subject farther; suffi- cient has been said to show the absurd and ruinous projects which were entertained, and the utter failure of the colony in regard to the nature and extent of its population: notwithstanding the large sums of money expended, the Governor is now obliged to hire a residence which belongs to the late Deputy Governor Johnston. The Government offices are in a temporary building which is falling to pieces; the General commanding has hired an inn for his residence. There is only one small barrack in

HÙNG HÙNG.

19 473

Victoria, and that has been recently erected; it is not possible to rent a decent house under 160 to 180 dollars per month, about 4007. sterling per annum. The Church Service is conducted in a mat shed; the civil and military officers are glad to get a location or even a room in any spot on any terms; and the prices of living and of servants, &c., (see Documentary Appendix) are enormous: while the whole population of the island is entirely dependent for its daily supply of food on the Emperor of China's subjects on the main land of China.

Commerce.-There is no trade of any noticeable extent in Hong Kong: vessels occasionally touch here on their way to Canton, or on their return thence, when laden and about to proceed to Europe for Vessels also proceeding to or coming from the ports to the northward sometimes touch here, for instructions from the owners or consignees, but very few "break bulk" at Hong Kong. There is a considerable business done in opium. Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co. have a large opium receiving-ship, the "Homanjee Bomanjee," moored the whole year round in this harbour: Messrs. Dent and Co. have also a large vessel, the "John Barry," for a similar purpose. These receiving-ships contain the opium brought from India, whence it is transshipped to smaller vessels, and sent up the coast. Messrs. Me Vicar, Burn, and Co., Fox, Rawson, and Co., and a few smaller houses, also deal to a limited extent in the opium trade, which re- quires a large ready-money capital. The smaller houses who have no vessels of their own consign opium to agents at the Consular ports, but it is kept on board the receiving-ships moored off or near those ports until the agents sell the opium to some Chinese broker-at Shanghai, for instance, who then receives an order for the delivery of the opium from the receiving-ship at Woosung.

;

There are no native junks trading here from the coast of China there are none belonging to the port; and a few fishing and passage boats, which form a safe asylum for ladrones and vagabonds of every description, constitute the native craft of Hong Kong. Even if natural impediments did not exist to the establishment of a native coasting trade, the Articles 13, 14, and 16, in the Supplemental Treaty, would effectually prevent any Chinese junks resorting to Hong Kong. Not only are the junks prevented proceeding thither from any places but the five Consular ports, but they must also obtain special passports for a voyage to Hong Kong, and when arrived there the British Govern- ment are to act the part of spies for the Chinese Government, and to report every vessel, the name of her proprietor, the nature of her cargo, &c., to the authorities at Canton. It is now well understood what was the object of these clauses; no passes will be readily granted; and junks that might proceed to Hong Kong, would certainly be punished by the Chinese authorities, who are exceedingly jealous that anything should occur for the advantage of Hong Kong. These and other circumstances, together with the fear of pirates, the want of a Chinese commercial community, the dearness of provisions, and the absence or high price of any trading commodities, will be sufficient to prevent any coasting trade at Hong Kong.

Dr. Gutzlaff, whose knowledge of the Chinese character and pro- ceedings is certainly unsurpassed, says, "So long as the trade is main-

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tained in the respective ports on an excellent footing, no vessels will visit the colony to buy articles at the same price which they can more easily get nearer to them, nor will they bring goods to Hong Kong for which there is an advantageous market in their own neighbourhood. When ships find it more profitable to proceed direct to the northern ports, the chances of Hong Kong becoming an emporium are very trifling. Whatever native or foreign trade may be carried on here must be brought to the colony by adventitious circumstances, and will last or cease according to accident; for, notwithstanding the excellent harbour, Hong Kong has nothing in its position or relationship to other ports to concentrate commerce."

Since August, 1841, Sir H. Pottinger has been issuing proclama- tions and regulations respecting commerce and shipping, for their encouragement and protection. No duties of any kind whatever have been levied, no inquiries have been made as to the cargoes of vessels; ships might enter and depart at pleasure-but all in vain; commerce cannot be created where no materials for it exist.

The Table in the Documentary Appendix* shows the shipping which entered the harbour of Hong Kong for three years. It consisted prin- cipally of transports conveying troops, and vessels calling for orders or seeking freight.

Ample trial has been given to the place, without any satisfactory result. Nearly four years' residence on or occupation of the island, and an immense expenditure, has failed to produce any commercial operation. Every month the shipping entering the harbour are diminishing in number; and the imposition of a tonnage duty would, it is said, cause a still further decrease. There does not appear to be the slightest proba- bility that, under any circumstances, Hong Kong will ever become a place of trade. The island produces nothing whatever; its geographical position, either as regards the Chinese coast generally, or Canton in particular, is bad. For the trade of the coast of China, it is too far to the southward of a territory which extends upwards of 2000 miles; and if it were practicable to remove the foreign trade of Canton, the removal would be either to some of the open ports to the northward in the neigh- bourhood of the tea districts, or to some island or place in the Canton river.

Among other delusions that have been promulgated, is the allegation that Hong Kong is a protection to the British commerce at Canton, and especially to the tea trade. With reference to the latter, it should be remembered that the Chinese are as eager to sell us tea as we are to buy it; that the cessation of the trade would be a greater injury to them than to the British nation; that there was no difficulty in procuring tea during the war; that nothing would prevent the Chinese supplying our annual demand for tea, and of course receiving in return English manu- factures. The tea trade is, in fact, as independent of Hong Kong, as it would be of our occupation of the Sandwich Islands. Canton, however, has no intrinsic advantages to make it the seat of foreign commerce. So long as the Emperor restricted all foreigners to the most distant southerly port in the empire, tea, silk, or any other exportable produce, was obliged to be conveyed thither, however distant the place of pro- duction or manufacture; but the case now is totally different, when the

* The documentary appendix is too voluminous to be printed.

HONG KONG.

northern ports in the immediate vicinity of the tea and silk provinces are, equally with Canton, open to British commerce. Several vessels have already laden with teas for England in the northern ports; this may be increased, and the trade of Canton would then be proportionally diminished, thus rendering Hong Kong (admitting, for the sake of argument, its reputed value as a protection to the trade of Canton) every year less and less useful to British interests in China.

It is for the advantage of England that our trade with China be carried on with the northern ports. In the central districts of China, along the Yang-tze-kiang and other great rivers and canals, the people are more civilized, more wealthy, and (now that they are becoming acquainted with the English) more disposed to friendly and commercial intercourse. By purchasing tea and silk near the place of production, the charges of land-carriage, fees, &c., will be reduced, and the cost price thus lessened by one-third to the British consumer; on the other hand, the Chinese will be able to purchase British manufactures at a cheap rate, when they are brought by our vessels to their doors. These and other considerations render it a matter of national importance that our trade with China be diffused over several ports, instead of being confined to Canton, and indicate that it is not desirable Hong Kong be maintained (even if the assertion be true) as a protection to the trade of Canton.

There are now five ports open on the coast of China to all European, East Indian, and American vessels. There can be no reason why foreign vessels should discharge cargo at Hong Kong, merely to change cargoes from one vessel to another; and as the Chinese Government now allows a vessel to sell part of her cargo at one port and then proceed to another, and will probably ere long form bonded warehouses at each port, there will be still less probability of any trade being established at Hong Kong.

It is, indeed, a delusion or a deception to talk of Hong Kong becoming a commercial emporium*, and to liken it to Singapore. The circum- stances and position of Hong Kong and Singapore present no resem- blance whatevert. Hong Kong is a barren rock, producing nothing-

The experience of every day shows the futility of expecting that Hong Kong will ever be a place of trade. The "Friend of China," dated 7th May, 1845, says, in an editorial article, "The mercantile transactions of Hong Kong are so very small, that they are scarcely to be included in the trade of China." The same tone, even more desponding, is held by the "Hong Kong Register." The "China Mail" of 8th May, 1845, also adverts to the "absence of all immediate prospect of extending the commerce of Hong Kong." The merchants, in their memorial to Lord Stanley, of 13th August, 1845, declare that "after four years' occupation, there is neither an import or export trade of any kind;" and they say they "cannot refrain from urging that such a settlement as Hong Kong was never actually required by the British merchants, and that it has become even less so since the opening of the five Chinese ports.

+ Syra, in lat. 36° N., one of the Cyclades, and a colony of Greece, resembles Hong Kong in its lofty, rugged, barren appearance, totally divested of verdure, surrounded by sterile isles, and with a moderately secure harbour. There is no level ground, the town is built in successive terraces from the edge of the harbour to the elevation of about 500 feet, and has a neat and picturesque appearance. But notwithstanding the sterility of the island, its admirable position has given it a population of 25,000 to 30,000 inhabitants; an active commerce, 10 to 15 vessels daily arriving and departing; 50 vessels of all nations, English, French,

474

475

REPORT ON

not leading to any place-surrounded by no trading or populous com- munities, with various commodities for barter-and disadvantageously situated at the most impoverished part of a coast-line of 2000 miles, and which, for half the year, is only readily accessible in one direction.

Singapore is most advantageously placed at the southern point of the rich Malayan Peninsula, and at the entrance of the Straits of Malacca, which may be considered the high road between Eastern and Western Asia. It is surrounded by, or lies contiguous to, the most fertile, wealthy, and populous islands and countries in the world- Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Macassar, Penang, Siam, Cochin China, Tonquin, Birmah, &c. The harbour of Singapore is capacious, perfectly sheltered, easy of access from every point of the compass, and never experiencing a tempest. The climate is very salubrious. The island is of great beauty and salubrity, with an undulating surface, and an area of 120,000 acres, all capable of tillage, and of which 20,000 acres are now under the luxuriant and profitable cultivation of sugar- cane, nutmegs, pepper, rice, betel-nut, gambier, cocoa-nuts, &c.

The sugar made by Mr. Ballastier with a steam-engine, or by Mr. Montgomerie by water and cattle-mills, is equal in quality to the produce of the West Indies. The nutmeg-trees are already yieiding abundantly; the black pepper produced during the past year amounted to 38,000 piculs (a picul 1331bs); the gambier to 85,000 piculs; and Live stock, bread, there are 10,000 cocoa-nut trees in full bearing. water, and delicious fruits and vegetables of every kind, and at mode- rate prices, are at all times ready for the shipping, who enjoy the advantage of a perfectly free port. Eighty-six miles of excellent roads have been completed, and extensive communications are in progress. Land is being sold in fee-simple at a minimum and maximum price of five to six rupees, or ten to twenty shillings per acre. Fifty thousand industrious and skilful inhabitants are spreading cultivation in every direction. Four companies of Sepoys constitute the sole military force of the island, which has not even a fort for its defence. The revenue in 1842 amounted to rupees 509,087, and the disbursements (including rupees 165,955 for troops, and rupees 49,789 for Bengal and Madras convicts), to rupees 494,029, leaving a surplus of income to the extent of rupees 15,083; and under the able management of the present Governor, Colonel Butterworth, it is one of the most lucrative posses- sions of the British Crown.

The remarkably eligible position of Singapore for a commercial emporium led to its establishment by Sir Stamford Raffles as a British colony in 1819, when there were but a few Malay fishermen on the island, who disputed with the tiger for their occupancy.

In 1821 the trade of the colony amounted to 1,000,0007. sterling, in 1824 to 3,000,000l. sterling, and last year, and indeed for several years the commerce of the island has averaged 5,600,0007. sterling per annum. This trade is carried on with many countries: with Great Britain, to the extent of 3,000,000 dollars; with Calcutta, 2,800,000 dollars; with Java, 1,500,000 dollars; with foreign Europe, North and South

There are no

Austrian, Prussian, Greek, Turk, &c., now in port; and six steam-vessels from Trieste, Malta, Alexandria, Constantinople, Smyrna, Athens, &c. fortifications. Why should Hong Kong require fortifications?

HONG KONG.

America, Madras, Bombay, Arabia, Ceylon, Penang, Malacca, Birmah, Siam, Cochin China, Manila; with Hainan, Formosa, and the whole. coast of China; with Sumatra, Borneo, Rio, the Moluccas, Mauritius, Australasia, &c. Traders from all these places meet by common consent at a central mart close to the equator, and exchange the productions of Asia for those of Europe and America.

It is erroneously supposed that Singapore has been created by its trade with China. Such is not the fact. The total import tonnage of Singapore in 1838-39, in square-rigged vessels, was 178,796 tons, of which that from China was 32,860. The native tonnage for the same year was 48,000, of which the Chinese vessels constituted 8000 tons.

The Straits' produce which the Chinese require are brought to Singapore by Malay or other coasting craft, who would not proceed to the northward; and the proprietors of the Chinese junks, with whom time is no object, and who go down the coast to the Eastern Archipelago with one monsoon, and return with the other, prefer the speculation. with their varied cargoes, and the visiting of their countrymen at the different islands.

But sufficient has been stated to show that there is no analogy whatever between Hong Kong and Singapore, and that the geographical, territorial, and commercial advantages, which have contributed to the prosperity of Singapore, are totally and entirely wanting, and can never be created at Hong Kong *.

Financial point of view.-There is no apparent prospect of Hong Kong ever yielding any revenue adequate to more than a very small civil government. The limited size and rocky nature of the island,-the absence of agriculture, manufactures, or commerce,-and the fluctuating and predatory character of the population, forbid the hope of an income

Dr. Gutzlaff, in November 1844, wrote the following opinion on Hong Kong, which Governor Davis forwarded to Lord Aberdeen :-

'ઃ Hong Kong, with its fine harbour, has not yet proved a place of trade, on anticipations founded at the opening of the port on the previous flourishing condition of the floating colonies at Lintin, Kamsingmoon, and Kapsingmoon.

"The whole state of things is now, however, materially and radically changed. The violent prohibitions against opium have ceased to be carried into effect, and the smuggling vessels are now everywhere scattered on the coast. Every raw and manufactured article may be bought, nearly as cheap as at Hong Kong, at any of the four emporiums; what should therefore induce the Chinese to fetch them from a distant mart? The Chuc Chew race of mariners and merchants have not yet made this island their abode, and unless they commence in earnest, the motley group now inhabiting our shores will never rise beyond the sphere of pedlars.

66 In the same ratio as the northern trade expands, the limits of the southern will be more and more narrowed; and unless matters are replaced in their former state-which is perhaps beyond the range of possibility-we cannot expect that Hong Kong will become a large emporium. Its only chance is, that troubles might arise at Canton, and the commerce be carried on here for security sake: local advantages that can in the smallest degree compete with Chusan, Hong Kong does not possess. If the climate continues as it has hitherto been, the sacrifice of human life will be enormous, and the public expenditure in the same proportion, without any solid advantage.

The "Overland Friend of China," of 31st December, 1845, says that a "native who has been in the colony from its earliest days, has brought all his property, con- sisting of sixty houses, into the market. Other natives are desirous to sell, and leave the island."

REPORT ON

being raised to sustain a regular Government Establishment on the scale now adopted, and which, indeed, is far beyond the present or per- spective wants of the island community. Under the most favourable circumstances, there may possibly, some years hence, be obtained from The markets, the rent of building-land 5000l. to 7000l. per annum. licenses, fines, and fees of every description, may realize hereafter about 10007. per annum. The levy of a tonnage duty would not yield more than 500l. to 1000l. per annum, if it did not drive away the few ships that now enter the harbour; it is not probable that vessels would pay sixpence per ton merely to call for orders, when they can lie in Macao Roads and daily communicate with Hong Kong. A registration or license for each male Chinese resident on the island, might, if there were a more respectable class of inhabitants in the colony, produce 6007. to 10007 a-year. Neither auction duties, stamps, or any of the other ordinary sources of taxation, would, under present circumstances, yield any revenue worth consideration.

The idea that the Chinese Government will sanction the introduction of opium into China at a moderate fixed duty, and that a large revenue may then be raised by warehousing the drug at Hong Kong, must, I think, be abandoned as illusory. The legal admission of opium into China by the Emperor, according to the best information I can obtain, is not at all probable. But even were the traffic in opium legalized, the traders have declared they would not pay any duty at Hong Kong. They can keep their large receiving-ships the whole year round in Hong Kong, or in any other harbour, or transship the opium from the vessels which convey the drug from Bengal and Bombay to this place, on board the smaller vessels, which proceed along the coast to sell or deposit it at Whampoa, Namoa, Amoy, Chimmo, Chin-Chu, Chusan, or Woosung, in the receiving-ships which lie in those bays or stations the whole year

round.

I will not discuss the question of raising a revenue in Hong Kong from the introduction of opium for smoking in the island, either by farming out the drug, or otherwise. Independent of the morality or immorality of the question of Government deriving an income from a vicious indulgence, so long as the Chinese Government prohibits the introduction, and make the use of opium a capital offence, it would not, to say the least, be seemly of us to encourage the use of this destructive and poisonous stimulant in Hong Kong.

The total revenue to be expected from this colony, cannot, in my opinion, exceed 10,000l. per annum; and to obtain this amount, several years must elapse, under the most favourable circumstances.

The per contra side shows an expenditure at this moment, for mere civil establishment, salaries and wages, at the rate of 50,000l. per annum, irrespective of the cost of any public works, roads, and buildings, which is estimated at 50,000l. per annum for several years; independent, also, of the Consular charges of 30,000/. per annum, and of the army and The whole showing a yearly drain on the British exchequer of half a million pounds sterling (see Documentary Appendix).

navy.

And here it may be necessary to remove an erroneous assertion, that this heavy yearly charge is only a portion of the revenue that England derives from the China trade.

The revenue which is obtained from tea is paid by the people of

HONG KONG.

England, who buy and consume the tea. It might as well be said that 476

the West Indies furnished the revenue derived by the British exchequer from the coffee and sugar consumed in the United Kingdom. The incidence of taxation is on the last purchaser of the taxed article. The tea merchant of London adds to the invoice cost of the tea bought at Canton, the freight to England, the insurance, interest of money, warehousing, customs duty levied in England, and the fair profits of trade on every chest of tea he may sell to the grocer, who then regu- lates the price at which he can afford to sell a pound of tea to his customer, who finally pays the whole charges, taxes, and profits to the several parties before he drinks his tea.

The revenue derived from the China trade is paid by the people of England; the merchant who carries on the trade does not pay a shilling of it. It will be for Her Majesty's Ministers to decide whether on a review of the whole case, there be any justification for spending half a million sterling annually on this coast.

As a general principle, colonies that will not pay at least the expense of their civil government are not worth maintaining. There does not appear any reason why Hong Kong should be an exception to this rule. There is not, as has been fancifully supposed, any analogy whatever between Hong Kong and Gibraltar. Hong Kong commands nothing: a glance at the chart will show that the navigation of the China seas is perfectly independent of Hong Kong; even the entrance of the Canton river is not controuled by Hong Kong. It is not possible by to make the island a fortress; and it is commanded money any outlay of by the opposite shore of the main land. But supposing several millions sterling were spent in fortifying Hong Kong, and half a million an- nually expended for its garrison, the cui bono would constantly recur: from a Chinese enemy the island has nothing to apprehend even at present; no European or American state would think of capturing Hong Kong, for it would be valueless to them; and if mere glory were sought by the acquisition, they must be aware the fame would be of short continuance, as troops and ships from India, from Australia, and from all our stations eastward of the Cape of Good Hope, would soon recapture the place or starve out the garrison.

But Gibraltar is differently circumstanced; it effectually commands the narrow entrance to the Mediterranean, and, together with the for- tresses and havens of Malta and Corfu, gives England a preponderating power in that great European sea, which is becoming daily of more and more value in her intercourse with the Anglo-Eastern Empire. Moreover, Gibraltar is a valuable commercial entrepôt; at one period 1.000,0007. sterling of cotton goods were exported through Gibraltar into Spain.

As a fortress Gibraltar is perfect; it is impregnable. The revenue of Gibraltar is fully adequate to its civil government, and averages upwards of 30,000l. per annum. The military expenses incurred by garrisoning Gibraltar saves the constant maintenance of a large fleet in the Mediterranean, preserves the balance of power, and materially helps to keep the peace of Europe.

The remarks applicable to Gibraltar, are also applicable to Malta and the Ionian Islands, both of which stations not only pay their whole

REPORT ON

civil expenditure without one shilling charge on the British exchequer, but also contribute a considerable sum annually towards military defences and protection. Both of these places are also entrepôts of a large trade.

Every colony of the British empire pays for its own civil govern- ment, except small sums which are voted annually in part aid for the Bahamas, Bermuda, the Falkland Islands, St. Helena, and Heligoland, but all these places are intrinsically valuable. The Bahamas, for the geographical position of their harbours; Bermuda, as a strong fortress and dock-yard in the Western Atlantic; the Falkland Islands, for their important position and fisheries in the great Southern Ocean near Cape Horn; St. Helena, as a strong fortress and recruiting station for our numerous ships doubling the Cape of Good Hope in their voyages to and from India, China, and Australasia (and in the event of war, the possession of St. Helena would be of great value to our merchants, and save us a large fleet in the Atlantic); Heligoland during the late European war was a large commercial depôt for the Elbe and the northern parts of Europe. Its expense is only about 500l. a-year.

Numerous as are the colonies of the British empire, they are each of some utility to England: for their territorial extent as emigration fields to provide employment for a surplus population; for their production of sugar, coffee, corn, cotton, silk, indigo, timber, oil, wool, &c.; as mari- time positions or military posts; as trading emporiums or fishing-stations. I have in vain sought for one valuable quality in Hong Kong. There are other good harbours around, and for 200 years we have not found the want of such. Government spending one shilling on Hong Kong.*

I can see no justification for the British

* This was previously stated in detail, accompanied by statements to Governor Davis, and in the following letter to the Lords of the Treasury:--

"Hong Kong, June 19, 1844.

"I have the honour to transmit herewith, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, copies of the correspondence which I have addressed to the Governor of Hong Kong, on the financial condition of this colony.

"In my letter of the 17th June, I have expressed to his Excellency my respect- ful opinion that no further avoidable expense should be incurred here, without fur- ther and most mature consideration. Every shilling of public money spent here is

a most useless expenditure of the resources of the British exchequer. I would most respectfully, but most earnestly, implore their lordships to pause before they sanction any outlay for fortifications, roads, &c.

Hong Kong is not only valueless on political, commercial, or financial grounds, but it is positively injurious to our interests in China, by keeping up a constant state of excitement, with a large military and naval establishment, within cannon shot of the mainland.

"In the event of an European war, Hong Kong must fall before any strong in- vading force, unless one million sterling be spent in fortifying the island, and half a million sterling be annually devoted to maintaining a garrison and protec- tive force. But if Hong Kong be left as a free port, open to all nations, with a superintendent and a couple of clerks, the traders established here will provide, out of their own resources, for the police of the settlement, and the protection of life and property.

"Instead, therefore, of spending from 50,000% to 70,000l. a-year, for mere civil government, there need not be an expenditure of 50007, a-year; and in the event of

HONG KONG.

477

Religious and Social Influence.-The benefits derivable from our laws, institutions, and religion, can never be conferred on the Chinese by the colonization of Hong Kong.

We are here, in fact, almost as much isolated from China, its people, and supreme Government, as if we were located in the Eastern Archi- pelago. By the adroit policy adopted by the Chinese authorities, a "cordon sanitaire," if I may so express it, has been drawn around Hong Kong; no Chinaman is permitted to come here willingly, except he be a thief, a pirate, or a spy; no respectable Chinese with their families locate themselves in Hong Kong-if they did, their relations still remaining on the mainland, would probably be squeezed, imprisoned, tortured, and considered as traitors to the Celestial Empire. Hong Kong is viewed by the Chinese as a spot where adventurers and reck- less characters may make something out of the English; and where burglars and robbers may resort with impunity, and live upon the profits of their villany.

I am strongly of opinion, from circumstances that have come to my knowledge, that the Mandarins view with indulgence all vagabonds who propose to quit their own country and proceed to Hong Kong; that, in fact, direct encouragement is afforded them to do so. It is therefore the height of improbability to suppose that the possession of Hong Kong will ever enable us to disseminate our religion, language, and institutions in the Chinese empire. For two hundred years we have had extensive and profitable intercourse with Canton, without our missionaries and other good men ever producing the slightest effect on the people or government. The inhabitants of the southern districts are decidedly hostile to us, and are daily becoming more and more filled with a deadly animosity, which the possession of Hong Kong will not remove.

No converts are made by our missionaries on this island; but were such the case, no convert from Hong Kong would be favourably received by the respectable Chinese on the mainland. The Christian converts would be considered as coming from an island of thieves and pirates; they would be received with a suspicion which would check rather than advance the progress of Christianity. The missionaries with whom I have conversed, take this view of the subject.

They consider it hopeless to attempt the spread of Christian doctrines in China by means of converts from Hong Kong. Thus, in a religious aspect, Hong Kong is as valueless as it is on financial and on commer- cial grounds.

war, no nation would gain honor or profit by capturing a barren rock, which protects nothing, and which is not likely ever to have much property to defend ashore or afloat. These opinions will, I am sure, be corroborated by the able high officers of the line, artillery, engineers, and commissariat. As a mere port of shelter, the island may retain the British flag, hoisted under a superintendent; but there is not the slightest advantage gained by maintaining a single soldier on the island. Even as. matters now stand, I consider my department perfectly unnecessary; the whole of the colonial and consular payments may be passed through the commissariat, and my own salary and that of the clerks, &c., may be saved.

"I should be unworthy the confidence reposed in me by Her Majesty's Govern- ment, did I not unreservedly communicate to their lordships the strong conviction of my mind, after long and anxious thought, aided by an extensive experience in other British colonies.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN."

REPORT ON

Were our colonial authority and establishment at some island or position to the northward, near the central regions of China, we should most probably obtain considerable moral influence over an intelligent and respectable class of Chinese, who would communicate their favour- able ideas to other and distant parts of the empire; and by extending a knowledge of our language, pave the way for the introduction of Chris- tianity. An English city at Chusan, for example, surrounded by an extensive agricultural population (the best disposed and most orderly in China as well as elsewhere), and evincing all the benefits of the science and skill of Europe, would have a remarkable effect on the Chinese, whose inquisitiveness and imitative powers would soon induce them to copy those things which would conduce to their physical, and ultimately to their moral and religious improvement.

Political point of view. Hong Kong was occupied by our troops and merchants in 1840-41, at a period when our trade was driven from Canton; when we were in hostility to the Chinese Govern- ment; and when the Portuguese authorities at Macao had expressed their inability to permit, as usual, British residence and resort to that port. At this period, the views of Captain Elliot were solely directed towards Canton. Hong Kong was then deemed the most eligible spot for British occupation, on political and military grounds. And so it proved, as long as the operations were being directed against Canton, and we were excluded from China. northward, occupying Chusan, and ultimately making peace and open- ing five ports (including Canton) for free commercial resort, English But on our proceeding to the residence, and the establishment of a ship of war at each, the political and mercantile value of Hong Kong entirely ceased. The late war has shown us the vulnerable point of China, namely, the Yang-tze-kiang river, which is aptly denominated by the Chinese, the "Girdle of the Empire." In the event of any future hostilities, our force would be directed at once towards Nankin, and other places on the Yang-tze- kiang river, and not against Canton. It is by interrupting the supplies of grain, and cutting off the trade of the great artery or grand canal, that we can, with the least expenditure of blood and treasure, terminate hostilities with China. To accomplish this most desirable result, Hong Kong is utterly valueless. Our position must be Chusan, from its con- tiguity to the scene of war, from its comparative salubrity, safe haven, and capability of supplying provisions, both from the resources of the island itself, and from the contiguous coast. and transports may rendezvous at Chusan, and select, at will, the most fitting period of the year for offensive operations. No attack need be A fleet of ships of war apprehended from the Chinese. kiang for the use of steamers. Ships from Singapore and the south- Coal is abundant in the Yang-tze- ward, can now, by reason of a greater knowledge of the winds and cur- rents, reach Chusan, even against the monsoon, in nearly the same time they would occupy in reaching Hong Kong. And, finally, the Chinese Government, aware of our position, would be the less disposed to break the peace, and would cease to rely so much as they now do on the strength of the forts in the Canton river. Government is to keep foreigners at the extremity of the empire; but the sagacious reasons which dictate this policy, ought to render us the The policy of the Chinese

HONG KONG.

more anxious to operate in a counter direction. There are now seven fortifications, very strong, and apparently well provided with artillery, at the Bogue. With Chinese gunners these forts would prove, even at present, formidable to an invading force; but well manned by European or American artillerymen, the Bogue might be made almost as impreg- nable as the Dardanelles.

478

There are not, indeed, any fairly assignable grounds for the political or military occupancy of Hong Kong, even if there were no expenses attending that occupancy. The Government of China is sufficiently civilized to respect the persons and property of British subjects at Canton before any declaration of war took place, which, however, is an event of very remote probability for many years to come, if we retain Chusan; and as the Treaty with China provides for the stationing of a ship of war at Whampoa or Canton, a better security is thus provided for British residents at Canton than Hong Kong could afford. The

any climate of Hong Kong will not admit of the island being made a garrison for our troops; and in the event of another war with China, an invading army must proceed from India, unless we keep a small military and naval establishment at Chusan. But a very small effective force enormous expense; and the can be maintained here, unless at an impracticability of fortifying an island which is commanded by the hills around, and by any large battery erected on the opposite shore, is now generally acknowledged, and is in further corroboration of the inutility of Hong Kong.

On a review of the whole question, and examining the island in all aspects-making even allowance for the newness of the settlement-and admitting, for argument sake, that, ultimately, there may be some trade at Hong Kong, it appears to me very advisable, if Hong Kong be retained as a British station or colony, that the civil establishment of the colony be cut down to a scale commensurate with the resources and wants of the island; and that the supernumerary officers be provided for That the European and Sepoy in other colonies, as vacancies occur. troops be removed, and a portion of the 1st Ceylon regiment (Malays) be kept at Hong Kong, in aid of the civil power. That a frigate or sloop of war be always stationed in the harbour, with an extra comple- ment of marines, to be landed only in case of emergency. That the British and other respectable inhabitants who are householders, be formed into a municipal body, with power to assess themselves for the police, lighting, drainage, and street-making, &c., of Victoria; that the harbour be a free port, open to ships under every flag; and that encouragement be given for the resort to and settlement on the island of other European nations. If this be done, a few years will determine whether it be possible to create any trade, or induce any resort to Hong Kong. Large government establishments, and an immense outlay of the public money for the last three years, have produced no beneficial result; let the opium traders, and those who choose to resort thither, have a voice in the management of the affairs of the colony. There can scarcely be less general trade-less prosperity-less security to life and property, than now exists, with a large garrison on shore and a fleet in the harbour.

If there were any one advantage-political, commercial, financial, or religious, present or prospective-derivable to England from the

MEMORANDUM ON

existing establishment at Hong Kong, there would be some justifica- tion for the expense now being incurred, and for the great annual sacrifice of life; but when such advantages do not exist, it is worse than folly to persist in a course begun in error, and which, if continued, must eventually end in national loss and general disappointment.

R. M. MARTIN.

China, July 24, 1844.

[Every statement made in this Report has been since most fully and amply corroborated, and I am ready to prove its correctness by unimpeachable and disinterested testimony.]

London, March 1846.

R. M. M.

THE following Memorandum on Hong Kong, in substantiation of the foregoing Report, was given to Lord Stanley on my interview with his Lordship, 28th November, 1845 :-

MEMORANDUM ON HONG KONG, FOR LORD STANLEY.

1st. Hong Kong can never be a Colony,-By reason of its limited size, rocky, barren structure; incapability of producing any of the necessaries of life for the consumption of even one day; and, "under any circumstances, cannot be expected to afford nue towards the payment of its own expenses*.

any considerable

reve-

2nd. Hong Kong cannot be viewed as a Commercial Emporium,- By reason of its disadvantageous geographical position; from the far greater facilities for trade afforded by Canton, and by other ports and places in China; by the distance from any populous or productive territory; by the poverty and piratical character of the adjacent islanders and inhabitants; by "the total absence of an import or export trade of any kind," after nearly five years' British occupation, and a large governmental and private expenditure; and by the Americans, Par- sees, "Chinese merchants, or even shopkeepers with the smallest pre- tension to property*," avoiding the island, which "was never actually required by the British merchants, and has become even less so since the opening of the five Chinese ports*."

Merchants' memorial to Lord Stanley, dated China, 13th August, 1845.

HONG KONG,

3rd. Hong Kong is unsuited for a Fortress,-By reason (a) of the impracticability of fortifying a continuous and irregular series of elevations and detached mountain peaks and ridges, each commanding another; (b) because different parts of the island facing the harbour, and also outside the harbour, may be effectually commanded by cannon from the mainland, and from the high islands in and adjacent to the harbour, which islands belong to China, while only half the harbour belongs to England; (c) because the long, irregular, undulating sea- face of Hong Kong cannot be defended by any isolated or connected line of fortifications, and it is also commanded by adjacent islands not belonging to England.

479

4th. Hong Kong is not required as a Military or Naval Station,- Because (a) it commands nothing-not even the entrance to the Canton river; (b) it protects nothing-not even the tea trade, and commerce of Canton, which is totally independent of Hong Kong, and infinitely better succoured or sustained by the stationing of a frigate or steamer at Whampoa, than by any army that could be maintained at Hong Kong, -as exemplified by the Americans, who carry on a traffic equal to half the trade of England with merely the occasional pre- sence of a ship of war in the Canton river; (c) because Hong Kong is too far distant from the scene of any future belligerent operations (should they arise), which must be carried on at the Yang-tze-kiang and Peiho rivers; (d) because any war with China ought to be mari- time not territorial-to be waged by steamers and frigates, and not by occupying distant and scattered towns and cities by our soldiery; and, (e) because Whampoa or the Canton river is a better position in every aspect for the resort of our mercantile or military shipping in the South of China, than Hong Kong can ever be, whether healthy or otherwise.

5th. Hong Kong is politically injurious,-By its too close proximity to the mainland at the southern extremity of the Chinese Empire.

6th. Hong Kong is ineffective for the dissemination of Christian Civilization,--By the dissolute, marauding, unsettled character of the inhabitants; by its distance from the millions of intelligent, peaceful, and semi-civilized people in the northern and central regions of China; and by the impossibility of disseminating Christianity from Hong Kong,

REPORT ON

as exemplified by the Americans and other missionaries, who, after establishing themselves on the island, and building commodious chapels and dwellings, have now all, in despair, quitted Hong Kong.

7th. Hong Kong is therefore useless to England.-(1) It can never be a colony; (2) it is not a commercial emporium; (3) it can- not be a fortress; (4) it is not required as a military or naval station; (5) it is politically injurious; (6) and religiously ineffective.

These points I am prepared to prove in detail.

London, Nov. 28, 1845.

RESPECTING CHUSAN.

R. M. MARTIN.

No. II.-To his Excellency J. F. Davis, Governor of Hong Kong.

Sir,

August 30, 1844,

DURING my recent visit to Chusan, on sick certificate, I deemed it On board "Alligator," off Formosa. my duty, as a servant of the Crown, to collect all the information in my power respecting that island; and believing that the information thus collected would not be unacceptable to Her Majesty's Govern- ment, I have framed it into a report, which I have the honour herewith to lay before your Excellency.

As this report, and the conclusions thence arising, are, in my humble judgment, deserving the early and serious attention of Her Majesty's Ministers, I respectfully request that you will do me the favour of transmitting the document to Lord Stanley by an opportune conveyance.

The infirm state of my health while preparing the report will, I trust, be some apology for its imperfections.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

CHUSAN.

430

No. III.-To C. E. Trevelyan, Esq., Assistant Secretary to the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury.

Sir,

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, September 20, 1844. I RECENTLY did myself the honour of transmitting to you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, a copy of a report on the island of Hong Kong, which I laid before Mr. Davis, the Governor, and which has been transmitted to Lord Stanley by his Excellency.

Having been ordered for the restoration of my health to proceed to the north-east coast of China, I availed myself of the opportunity to visit the island of Chusan, and some of the adjacent places on the main land.

Although suffering from extreme debility and a nearly fatal disease, I deemed it my duty, as a servant of the Crown, to collect all the information in my power, on Chusan, previous to our evacuation of the island in December, 1845.

Believing that this information would not be unacceptable to Her Majesty's Ministers, I have framed it into a report for the Governor of Hong Kong, with a respectful solicitation that his Excellency would have the goodness to forward the documents to Lord Stanley.

As the future pecuniary drain on Her Majesty's Treasury in London, for Hong Kong, and the expenditure on our Consulate estab- lishments in China, may probably be influenced by the course of pro- ceedings adopted by Her Majesty's Government with regard to Chusan, I beg to forward herewith, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, a copy of my report on the island of Chusan, as laid before the Governor of Hong Kong.

With great respect, but with deep solicitude, I venture to entreat the early attention of their Lordships to this document, as, in my humble judgment, the retention or evacuation of the island of Chusan involves questions of great urgency, and which are of vital importance to British interests in China.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

431

REPORT ON

Inclosure in No. III.

REPORT ON THE ISLAND OF CHUSAN.

Physical Geography.-Chusan, or Chowsan, so called in Chinese from its resemblance to a boat, is the chief insular settlement of an archipelago of lofty islands, varying in size and fertility, which extend upwards of sixty miles from north to south, and about fifty miles from east to west-distant from Kito Point, on the main land of China, about seven miles, and about forty miles distant from Ningpo. Ting- hae, the capital of Chusan, is in 30° 10′ north latitude, and 122° 14′ east longitude. The length of the island is about twenty-three miles from east to west, and the breadth from north to south seven to eleven miles. The circumference is about 150 miles.

The two principal bays are those of Tinghae on the southern and of Singkong on the western coast of Chusan; there are, however, several other bays and harbours. Tinghae or Chusan Bay or harbour is land-locked, and has three good entrances*. One hundred sail of square- rigged vessels may anchor with ease in the inner harbour of Chusan, although the adjacent anchorages are generally safe. (See maps accom- panying.) The rise and fall of tide is twelve feet six inches, and the average depth of the harbour is four to ten fathoms. There is a good position for docks and a dockyard, which are so much wanting in the China seas. Singkong bay or strait is six miles in length, with an average breadth of 700 yards. There are two entrances of easy access

at the north and south extremities of the bay, which is well sheltered, and affords excellent anchorages for ships of war, or for vessels of large burthen. Good water is plentiful. There is an admirable site for a large dockyard.

The highest elevation of the island is at its eastern extremity where one peak rises to 1100 feet above the sea; the average height of the hilly portion is from 500 to 700 feet.

Chusan consists of numerous ranges of hills, with broad intervening vallies; every range is connected by spurs or buttresses, assuming the most varied forms, and appearing as if of diluvian origin, many parts at no great distance of time having been left dry by the receding ocean.

Some of the vallies are from eight to nine miles long, and present one continuous scene of rich cultivation. The mountains and hills, wherever there is any soil on the surface, are terraced and cropped with different useful vegetables. Wheat, tea, grasscloth plant, sweet potatoes, cotton, tobacco, and rice, may be found on the same side of a mountain, the water collected on the top being permitted to descend to the different terraces, until it is deposited in the rice-field at the bottom of the mountain. In some parts the mountains are planted with fir, while the Spanish chesnut, walnut, tallow, and varnish trees, adorn and enrich the lowlands. Canals, some twenty feet wide, are very numer- ous, and kept always flowing by means of locks and of the numerous streams of fine water which fall from the hills, sometimes in beautiful cascades. The canals are used to mark the boundaries of property as well as for irrigation. One large canal southward and eastward of

* I beat into the harbour at night with perfect safety.

CHUSAN.

Tinghae admits junks of considerable burthen a good way into the north valley and adjacent to the gates of the city, at the rise of the tide which is twelve feet six inches (see map). The whole island is intersected by substantial paved or flagged roads about five to seven feet broad, slightly elevated above the adjacent fields, but which at little expense might be widened to admit of wheeled carriages. At present everything is borne on the shoulders of men; but the unshod horse traverses the roads with celerity.

The towns and villages are scattered pretty equally over the whole island; in the valley of Tachin is a very large unwalled town with a river running through it.

The whole island is admirably irrigated; the water which flows from the hills is very pure, and conduits might readily be constructed to bring abundance of water into Tinghae, instead of relying on the wells, which are said to be brackish and a cause of diarrhoea.

One third of the island, according to Lieutenant Sargent, is cul- tivated. Dr. Gingell, 2nd Madras Native Infantry, the Chinese interpreter, says, that 135,000 mows of land are under cultivation with grain. Reckoning the mow as equal to an English rood this would give 33,750 acres producing chiefly rice. When we consider that two crops of rice and one of oil-seed are obtained annually from the land (the October rice crop growing up while the August rice crop is being reaped) the amount of corn production must be considerable. As well as I could ascertain I am led to conclude, that the agricultural produce of the island is sufficient to feed all its inhabitants throughout year. The quantity of garden vegetables grown is very great; the soil, stimulated by the constant application of liquid manure (of which large earthen jars are kept at the corner of every field and garden), increases the size but diminishes the flavour of the different products which are grown in rapid succession, the earth being never allowed to lie fallow*.

the

* Mr. Bernard, in his interesting work, "Narrative of the Voyages and Services of the Nemesis," which I saw after this report was forwarded to the Governor, adverts to the hospitable, obliging, and civil disposition he experienced among the inhabitants of Chusan, and at ii., p. 187, thus describes the island

see.

"Nothing can be more striking or picturesque than the views on every side as you approach Chusan. Much as you may have read of the careful cultivation and economical husbandry of the Chinese (not always so great as supposed), you are here particularly struck with the garden-like aspect of every spot of ground you The country is hilly on all sides, but every hill is cultivated with extreme care up to its very summit. It is divided into small ridges or beds in which vari- ous productions are raised side by side, giving the greatest possible variety to the aspect of the country, and pointing out the vast labour and perseverance with which the tillage must be conducted to subdue the stubborn soil.' It is almost entirely spade husbandry, and ought rather to be called horticulture. In the low valleys and little sheltered nooks you trace villages and farm-houses of neat appear- ance, and every bend of the coast, every bit of low swampy ground is embanked, and recovered from the sea by long thick stone walls which are maintained with the utmost care. Behind these the ground is laid out in rice fields, irrigated with much ingenuity; and there is a general appearance of well-being and industry which indicates a thriving and contented population.

"How different from the aspect of Hong Kong and the other islands to the southward!"

If Mr. Bernard had visited some of the beautiful and rich vallies of the interior he would have extended his truthful description of Chusan.

D 2

432

REPORT ON

the

The constant garden cropping-the deep green of the large rice plains, and the cultivation climbing the hills-give great beauty to the scenery. And at early morn, the singing of the birds in the groves; murmuring rivulets through the vallies; and the fresh breeze from the mountains, enhance the charms of the landscape, and renovate the health of the debilitated resident of a tropical climate.

Were Chusan a British colony, its hills and vales would be adorned by charming villas, rich orchards, and luxuriant pasturages. English town, with all the advantages of modern civilization, would An become an example to the Chinese; and in the improvement of our own position, we should materially aid in the social advancement of the imitative nation contiguous to our shores.

Tinghae city, in length from north to south about 1200 feet, and in breadth about 1000, is surrounded by a stone wall of two miles and three-quarters in length, nearly fifteen feet in height, thirteen feet in thickness, surmounted by a strong brick parapet of four feet and a half high, and two feet thick, with small embrasures for matchlocks or arrows. The gateways, four in number, east, west, north, and south, are double, and placed zigzag as in India. At intervals around the walls are strong square bastions well placed. At the western side of the city the wall ascends a steep mound, now called the Cameronian Hill (the 26th Regiment being encamped there after our first attack on the island); part of this hill is therefore included within the city bounds. A canal (see map), thirty-three feet wide by three deep, runs parallel to the city wall, about thirty yards distant, except Cameronian Hill, and enters near the south gate. The level space at each side of the city walls is covered with rice fields, almost continually under water, and of difficult passage to an invading force. The flat country around is a succession of rice fields, bordered with the lofty Barbadian millet, which rises ten feet in height.

The city of Tinghae is extensive, and, like all Chinese towns, the streets are narrow (about twelve to fourteen feet), irregular, and flagged with large slabs of different kinds of stone. covered drain, which communicates with a canal. For a Chinese city, Almost every street has a it is kept extremely clean; the houses are generally of one story, but the tenements of the richer classes are very extensive, and form three sides of a square, with a lofty wall in front. Sometimes there are two or three inner courts. The shops are numerous, and there is a minute

division of employment. In many respects there is a resemblance to the tradesmen of Europe; persons of the same trade frequently con- gregate in the same street or neighbourhood. The shops have a long and broad counter, effectually separating the purchasers from the shop- men, with a money-till at one end; there are neatly-labelled drawers, or commodious shelves, and back warehouses for the careful disposition of the goods; a reel of twine hangs from the ceiling, close to wrapping- paper cut of various sizes ready for use. hanging partly on the outside, are various articles of such goods as may In front of the shop, or attract the notice of customers, with the prices affixed on labels, in some instances in such characters as are only known to the shopmen. Everything is sold by weight. Silversmiths in Tinghae now make spoons, forks, goblets, branch can- The artizans are extremely expert. dlesticks, and various other articles of domestic use. The tailors are

CHUSAN.

excellent and cheap workmen, and to the English, are known by their respective cognomens of Stultz, Nugee, &c. The supply of every article of provision, including meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruit, groceries, &c., is most abundant, and not one-half the price of very inferior articles at Hong Kong, where, indeed, it is often impossible to get beef or mutton of any description. Let but an European want be known in Chusan, and it will be very extraordinary if it be not supplied by a Chinaman. A European or Indian soldier is stationed at each gate of the city, but no difficulty is interposed, and no tax levied on perfect freedom of ingress or egress to or from the city. Many of the European officers, including that distinguished soldier, Brigadier Camp- bell, the Commandant of Chusan, reside in various parts of the city, perfectly isolated from each other, and with as much confidence and security as if they were residing in an English town. 2nd Madras Native Infantry are quartered in the city, and their place A part of the d'armes is a remarkable temple, filled with numerous human figures, of full size, admirably carved in wood, painted, and representing the human countenance and form in every expression and attitude of passion and affection-of grief and joy, of sensibility and intelligence. I have seen nothing equal to the artistic skill and true taste exhibited in this temple in any other part in China. The inhabitants do not seem to take umbrage at its occupation by our troops, who scrupulously preserve it from injury.

Her Majesty's 18th Regiment are quartered outside the city, in some two-storied houses which face the sea close to an extensive bund or embankment, which was erected with marvellous rapidity during the period which intervened between our first and second occupation of the island in 1840-1. This bund extends for nearly three miles along the sea front of Tinghae and Chusan harbour, and forms a fortified earth wall, pierced at short and regular intervals for cannon; and during our second attack on the island, about 150 pieces of artillery of various calibre (many of them however unserviceable) were placed in the embrasures. The bund now forms an excellent promenade for the gar- rison. The parade of the 18th Regiment is large, dry, level, and in the midst of the barracks, officers' quarters, commissariat and naval stores. Contiguous to the parade our Government have built an excel- lent two-storied hospital facing the sea, at an expense of about 10,000 dollars. The European artillery are quartered in comfortable barracks on Joss-House Hill (see map), where a few guns command the whole harbour, the city, and the surrounding plain.

A por-

Geology.-Chusan appears to have been upheaved by a submarine convulsion, or to have been left dry by the receding ocean. phyritic clay-stone, assuming in some places a columnar and in others a laminated structure, appears to constitute the main portion of the island occasionally a compact porphyritic stone of coarse conglomerate, capable of being split into large slabs, or formed into pillars, is found and quarried for various purposes. The soil in the valleys is a rich, dark, alluvial mould. There is no limestone on the island. None of the rotten granite found at Hong Kong or Amoy, and which yields such a deleterious gas, is perceivable at Chusan. About the centre of the island, and at a height of 700 feet, our surveyors found the com-

433

REPORT ON

pass to vibrate so much that it became useless; the same vibration was observed on the high land at the eastern extremity of Chusan.

Climate.--In this respect Chusan may be said to vie with the most favoured regions of the earth; it is the Montpellier of China. There are only three months in the year which can be called hot-June, July, and August. Fires are sometimes kept up till the middle of June, and woollen clothing is worn for nine months. The cold weather sets in about the middle or end of September, but the average duration of hot weather does not exceed three months: the remainder of the cold, bracing, or genial, according to the season.

is year hottest season, the thermometer in a good house, facing the harbour, Even during the ranges from 80° to 86° Fahrenheit, very seldom approaching 90°, and frequently descending at night to 78°. The average of the month of August is about 83°. (See accompanying Meteorological Register for June, July, and August, 1844, kept at Lieutenant Skead's, the harbour master*.) In September the mercury descends to 74°, and in the early part of October the cold weather season is established: the thermo- meter stands at 49° to 59° at sunrise towards the end of the month. In November the north wind is piercingly cold and bracing. In December the temperature is still further reduced; the ground is covered with a hoar frost; ice of half an inch thick is general in the plains. In January the thermometer sinks to 20° F.; there is a clear, bracing, azure atmosphere; snow falls frequently, and remains on the east peak, two feet deep, for ten days. February is like January. In March the vicissitudes are great: thermometer 27° at night; days hot; hills around snow-capped. April, easterly winds; sun breaking forth with increasing heat. May, ditto; but fires still necessary to the European.

The climate of Chusan is far more favourable to health than that of either Ningpo, Shanghai, or even of stations further north. Roman Catholic missionaries say that they are unable to stand the The climate and excessive heat of those cities, and that no European can remain there with impunity for a few successive years. suffered greatly up the Yang-tze-kiang river in 1842: thirteen men of Our troops the 98th Regiment dropped dead from the heat of the sun. and ague, diarrhoea and cholera, were rapidly destroying our soldiers Fever and sailors off Nankin. The whole northern region of the Yang-tze- kiang, of the Yellow river, and of the Peiho, is a flat marshy country, inundated as rice fields, or covered with water for a great part of the year, and subject to intense solar heat for about five months, without any mountain or sea-breezes to temper the atmosphere. Chusan has a constant sea-breeze at Tinghae during the summer months from the south-west monsoon; and the varied forms of its mountains and valleys produce a continual change of renovating airs. The thermometer rises at Shanghai to 107° F. in the shade; at Ningpo, as high; and at Chusan, at Lieutenant Skead's, the harbour-master, it rarely rises to 86° F.

*To economise space, this and various other documents, explanatory corres- pondence, and statistical tables, have been omitted.

+ It is observed in the "Nautical Magazine" for 1843, page 7, that the cli- mate of the middle provinces of China is said to be delightful; that of Pekin

CHUSAN.

Invalids from Shanghai and Ningpo, as well as from Hong Kong, Canton, and Amoy, seek and find health at Chusan. It is of the utmost importance to us to have a healthy station on the coast of China where our troops can be located and found always ready for active service. A regiment from Hong Kong could not endure the fatigue and exposure of one week in the Yang-tze-kiang district; a regiment from Chusan would be found as effective for service as any regiment of the United Kingdom, and might be marched to Pekin if necessary.

An ice-house is open at Chusan from 1st of June to 1st of Septem- ber; the daily consumption in July is about 800lbs. a-day by the English subscribers, of five rupees each; they pay also about one far- thing a pound for the ice, which is collected in winter, by a Chinaman. from the canals around, and deposited in a mud-walled house with a high thatched roof. Conduits carry off the melted ice outside the building; dry straw is thickly strewed over the ice. The Chinese use ice extensively for preserving fish.

Health of the Troops.-The state of the artillery stationed at Chu- san, compared with the dreadful mortality of the artillery stationed at Hong Kong (see my Report on Hong Kong), is very remarkable. There landed at Chusan of the Madras European artillery, in Novem- bes, 1842, after going through the whole campaign, one captain, one lieutenant, one bugler, three corporals, four bombardiers, and forty-nine gunners, total sixty-two; to these must be added three more, who re- joined from Hong Kong in April, 1843, and six from Madras in November, 1843.

The deaths up to August, 1844, were only five, viz., four gunners and one bombardier. The mortality may be considered at less than two per cent. per annum. The men are in the most efficient order, and as ready for active service as if they had been stationed at Woolwich the last two years.

Four companies of Her Majesty's 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment have been stationed at Chusan since the conclusion of the war, after being engaged in all the campaigns, and they have not lost by death one per cent. per annum. That portion of the 18th which returned from Amoy were very sickly.

The admissions into Chusan Hospital for Europeans from 1st January to 31st July, 1844, were 401 (including 104 syphilitic cases); of these but 6 died. Of 60 officers who have resided at Chusan for the last eighteen months, not one has died.

The contrast between the men of Her Majesty's 18th Regiment, stationed at Hong Kong, Koolungsoo (Amoy), and Chusan, is very striking. Out of 500 men of the 18th Regiment stationed at Koolung- soo* in 1843, there died seventy-five men and two officers; the remain-

agrees even with strangers; epidemic diseases are very rare and the ravages of the plague are entirely unknown; but the province of Canton is one of the most un- healthy portions of the country, and such it probably is. The writer is quite cor- The Chinese officials view appointments to the Canton province as a sort of honourable banishment, as we view Sierra Leone.

rect.

Koolungsoo is exactly the same geological formation as Hong Kong. We have left the bones of about a thousand gallant men at this wretched and useless island, which mightat any time be captured by a 10-gun brig.

REPORT ON

ing men were perfect skeletons, and unable to shoulder a musket. Out of the same strength, and in the same period of time, at Chusan, in 1844, the 18th Regiment only lost two men.

During the year 1843, the mortality of the troops at Chusan was only 1 in 29, or about 3 per cent.; at Koolungsoo, 1 in 12; and at Hong Kong, 1 in 3, or nearly 30 per cent. The invaliding was in the same proportion at these stations. The mortality of Her Majesty's 98th Regiment at Hong Kong is, on an average, about one man a-day.

The appearance of the troops on parade in Chusan is that of men in robust health; they have a colour in their cheeks, an elastic and firm step, and in performing their martial evolutions there is an alacrity and precision observable, as if the men took a pleasure in carrying a com- bined movement into operation, and which is in vain sought in the evolutions of the troops at Hong Kong, where the men seem to stagger under the weight of their knapsack, musket, and accoutrements*. The Indian troops "die like rotten sheep" at Hong Kong, but at Chusan their mortality is not 23 per cent. per annum, as shown by the follow- ing return of a regiment which served in the Chinese campaign-

State of the 2nd Madras Native Infantry, at Chusan, in one year.

Twenty-one men died in one year, out of a strength of more than 800 men, which is only about 2 per cent! In 1843 there was only one man inva- lided. The men look very strong and healthy. Numerical strength of offi-

cers twenty-six.

Months.

Strength Admitted

into Regiment. Hospital.

Died.

August, 1843

867

September

867

None

October

834

November

865

December

833

January, 1844

824

died.

February

823

None

March

821

April

818

May

813

June

681+

678+

None

July

A c & ∞ US & NO & on a c

None

* Her Majesty's 98th Regiment which suffered so severely at Hong Kong, last year, went to Chusan, where the mortality is now less than it would be in any part of England.

+ Detachment sent to Koolungsoo (Amoy), to relieve Her Majesty's 18th Regi- ment, who are dying fast.

CHUSAN.

434

The prevailing diseases have been mild ague and diarrhoea. The regiment has been perfectly effective since it arrived in Chusan in the latter end of 1842.

It is true that the troops suffered considerably from sickness, on their first occupation of Chusan. But instead of the health which now prevails, there would be as much sickness in 1844 as there was in 1841, if the same system were adopted. Instead of the soldiers being located, as at present, in good Chinese two-storied houses on the sea-shore, they were encamped in the wet plains and rice-fields, and on the side of a hill to the westward of the city. Numerous posts and guards were established in the burning heat of August. Her Majesty's 26th Regiment or "Cameronians" were the principal sufferers. They were encamped on the hill to leeward of the city and all its filth. They had no camp fol- lowers, and were obliged to go more than a mile through the city to the Commissariat for their food, which, when obtained, consisted of Calcutta-cured meat perfectly green with putridity, and Calcutta-made biscuit, crumbling into dust with maggots and weavils. It was impos- sible to eat such food; the dogs even rejected it. The men, worn with hunger and thirst, and harassed with numerous guards and constant alarms, drank profusely of the almost stagnant water in the canals that flow through the rice-fields around the city; and every green thing or unripe fruit which could be obtained was eaten with avidity. Large quantities of the fiery spirit termed "samshu'

"samshu" were easily procured, and it is not to be wondered that dysentery (no fever appeared) soon made dreadful ravages in the 26th Regiment. The conduct of the commanding officer and of those who had the charge of issuing pro- visions to the troops, was most reprehensible. There were at least thirty-five officers with the regiment and only one died; a conclusive proof it was not the climate of Chusan which killed the private soldiers of the 26th. They would have died anywhere under similar circum- stances*.

* Dr. Mc Pherson, in his work "Two years in China," at page 21, adverting to the health of our troops in Chusan in 1840, says, "It required no gifted sooth- sayer to prognosticate what the results would be when men were placed in tents pitched on low paddy fields, surrounded by stagnant water, putrid and stinking from quantities of dead animal and vegetable matter, under a sun hotter than ever experienced in India, the men on duty were buckled up to the throat in their full dress coatees; and in consequence of there being so few camp-followers, fatigue parties of Europeans were daily detailed to carry provisions and stores from the ships to the tents, and to perform all menial employments, which experience has long taught us they cannot stand in a tropical climate.

"The poor men, working like slaves, began to sink under the exposure and fatigue. Bad provisions, low spirits, and despondency drove them to drink. This increased their liability to sickness, and in the month of November there were barely 500 effective men in the force. A sort of infatuation seemed to possess the minds of the authorities. Medical men, as is often the case, were put down as croakers, their recommendations were neither listened nor attended to. True, it was reported that the general was one day about to visit the hospitals, but when almost at the door of one, some pressing business called him away. Once, also, the admiral and Captain Elliot were known to have walked through the hospital of Her Majesty's 26th Regiment. There were at that time upwards of 400 poor sick fellows on mats stretched on the ground, many, alas! never to rise from it.

"This melancholy sight called forth expressions of pity and compassion. The surgeon was directed to spare no expense-to procure everything he considered

435

REPORT ON

Population, Character, &c.-The population of the island of Chusan is stated by the Rev. Dr. Gutzlaff to be at a maximum 270,000, exclusive of the islands. Lieutenant Sargent of Her Majesty's 18th

Regiment was out four months with Captain D'Haviland, engaged in surveying the interior of the island, and indicated to me one hundred thickly-populated towns and villages as marked on his map, which are stated by Lieutenant Sargent to contain each from 1000 to 5000 inhabitants. He considers the island thickly peopled, and it appeared so to me in my excursions. The density of the population may be inferred from the circumstances of the females being equal if not exceeding the males in number, and from the great abundance of children everywhere observable.

There is now before me a census of the town or city of Tinghae, the capital of Chusan, made by the Rev. Dr. Gutzlaff in 1843; in which each house is numbered, the occupation of the proprietor stated, and the men and women, boys and girls, enumerated. According to this document, the inhabitants of Tinghae city are,-

Men. Women. Boys. Girls. 9,842

4,961 3,477

7,870

Total 26,150

The number of houses is given at 4,556, which, divided among 26,150 inhabitants, would give nearly six persons to each dwelling ;- a small average for China.

In robustness of form the men of Chusan, who are of an underset build, are quite equal to those of England, and they travel easily with a weight on their shoulders, slung from either end of a bamboo, which the strongest London porter would find it difficult to raise from the ground. They are industrious, civil, inquisitive, ready to supply any of our wants, and to imitate anything we require to be made.

The population is chiefly agricultural. There is much apparent comfort in the farm-houses; abundance of pigs, poultry, and goats round every farm. The people are comfortably clothed, lodged, well fed and housed. There is no extreme poverty, no beggars, and few large estates, the proprietorship of land being very much subdivided. There is great honesty among all classes, who are in general peaceable, orderly, and well conducted. Captain Bamfield, the magistrate of the island, to whom great credit is due for the preservation of social order, informs me that there has not been a case of homicide in the island since the peace of 1842, and that he does not know of any other part of the world where there is so little crime in proportion to the popu- lation. Indeed, the petty offences which take place are committed by strangers to the island; by persons from the main land.

The police for the whole island does not cost 100 dollars a-month;

necessary to be unremitting in his exertions, and to make application to the admiral direct, if aught was wanted. The surgeon recommended that a ship should be laid apart as an hospital ship, and that another should be given to take a portion of convalescents to sea for change of air. Unfortunately, however, there were no ships available at that time."

CHUSAN.

and the amount of property stolen and not recovered does not amount to 150 dollars a-year. There is frequently a clear jail, and of the eigh- teen or twenty prisoners now there most of them are confined for selling samshu (spirits) to the soldiers. In civil cases regarding money or land the people cheerfully submit their suits to Captain Bamfield's arbitration, and almost without exception the defaulters admit the claims made on them, and readily consent to arrangements for liqui- dating the debt in time, according to their means. The debts of ancestors are always recognized.

The people seem attached to our rule; they imitate our customs, and have great confidence in our veracity*. In many parts of Tinghae the name and designation of the shopkeeper is neatly painted in English over his door. Our language is being acquired very rapidly; particu- larly by young people, and they take great delight in their proficiency. Idolatry or superstition seems to have little hold on them; veneration for the manes of their ancestors, and the performance of various funeral rites at picturesque or neatly sculptured tombs, constitute their principal religious creed and ritual.

Although spies have been sent from the mainland by the mandarins to watch and intimidate those who might be friendly disposed towards us, yet many have not hesitated to avow their anxiety for our retention of the island, and to express their dread of the restoration of mandarin authority and all its "squeezings" and indefinable exactions.

The tax

A revenue might easily be derived from Chusan, adequate at least to the payment of its civil government. It is stated that, during the Chinese occupation of the island, the land revenue was 13,500 leangs of silver annually; the leang at Ningpo is equal to 2000 cash. There was also paid 6 measures of rice at 23 cash per measure, and 15 catties of grain at 16 cash per catty on each mow of cultivated land. was levied in coin, and paid into the imperial treasury. Among other taxes, there was a stamp on deeds, on the registration of property, &c. There was also a tax on the "foundation of houses," which may be con- sidered a ground-rent. There could be little difficulty in raising a sufficient revenue from such an extensive population, spread over a highly-cultivated country.

Animal Food, Fish, and Vegetable Productions.--Of beef, mut- ton, and pork, there is a regular supply, at an average price of fourpence per pound. The grazing ground is good, and. under European manage-

* In a letter from Chusan, dated 30th May, 1845, from a very intelligent and close observer, who has the best means of judging of the feelings of the people, there is the following passage:-

'Nothing could exceed the peaceful and friendly disposition evinced by the natives. At Chusan, in particular, their favorable feeling is evinced by the extra- ordinary number of buildings, which, in the last seven months, have been erected in the immediate vicinity of the barracks. And to the eastward of Flag-staff Hill, a space extending 400 yards along the bund, and about 100 yards in depth, has been laid out in streets, covered with buildings, and is now a busy town, where nine months ago you saw a mere swamp.

"With regard to the health of the foreign residents, I believe there is nearly, if not quite, as little sickness among them, as in any community of the same size in England."

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ment, cattle might be cured and fattened in great numbers. The milk and butter of the cow and of the buffalo is very rich, and sells at mode- rate price. The flavour of the Chusan mutton is excellent; goats are numerous; hams are well cured, and nearly equal in flavour to those of England. Deer and hares are in season during the winter months. Beef and pork might be cured to any extent in winter, for the supply of the navy, and kept in ice-houses till required. Bullocks are about forty shillings each. Salt is made in great abundance on the coast of Chusan, and on the neighbouring islands. Poultry are plentiful, mode- rate in price, and of fine flavour. The Chusan fowls are larger than any that are to be seen in England; geese are excellent. Ducks are hatched by steam, and reared by thousands; one boy has charge of many hundreds; they feed in the rice-fields and canals. Eggs are very abundant, usual price 150 for a dollar. Of game, there are pheasants, snipe, quail, woodcock, teal, duck, wild geese (large and good), wild swans (very beautiful), &c.

Bread and confectionery, prepared in the English style, are well made by the Chinese. Sixteen-pound loaves of excellent white bread may be bought for a dollar. Wheat is grown on the hills, and rice and millet in the valleys; cauliflowers, peas and beans, cabbages, spinach, cucumbers, onions, turnips, carrots, sweet potatoes, bringalls, gourds of different descriptions, French beans, radishes, celery, &c., are brought to market in season. European potatoes are now being introduced, and every English vegetable and fruit, when cultivated, thrive in perfection. The tea-plant grows on the hills, and is sent to Ningpo and Chapoo to be manufactured for the beverage of the higher classes. The wild rasp- berry and strawberry are in abundance; melons and oranges are excel- lent; the peach, grape, apple, pear, apricot, cherry, and plum, only require careful cultivation for their improvement (at Shanghai the peaches are large and excellent). Walnuts and Spanish chesnuts come to perfection at Chusan. The tallow-tree and varnish-tree are among the most valuable productions of the island; from the tallow-tree a great abundance of candles of a waxy consistence are prepared; the varnish-tree yields a wood-oil of great use in furniture. The bamboo and dwarf oak abound. Cotton of excellent quality is largely culti- vated; silk, as yet, is of limited production. The tobacco of Chusan is much prized. The hop (humulus) grows on every hill.

The shores around Chusan abound with fish, some of excellent quality, such as the pomphlat, sole, seer, salt-water trout, herring, rock-cod, sturgeon, mackerel, and eel; oysters and cray-fish are in per- fection. It is stated that 40,000 fishing-vessels arrive annually from different parts of the coast of China, and remain three months fishing off Chusan. The "Yellow Mandarin" fishery is analogous to the her- ring fishery of Great Britain or of Holland. About 300,000 dollars capital is invested in this lucrative trade. Ice-boats attend the fishing- boats off Chusan, and as soon as the fish are caught they are packed in ice, and sent to the most distant parts of the empire*.

* The following extracts from Dr. Gutzlaff's "Retrospect of two years' Peace," written at Hong Kong, November, 1844, entirely confirm my previous report :-----

"Chusan will hold a 'very prominent place in the history of our commerce

CHUSAN.

Commercial Advantages of Chusan.-The external commerce of Chusan, on our occupation of the island, consisted chiefly of salted and

and intercourse with this country, whatever the political events may be in future. As a mere territorial possession, its advantages will be considerable. The tea that grows on the island is fit for exportation, though not carefully prepared for a foreign market; it is merely sold at Loo-choo, and other places in Keangsoo. There is space enough, unoccupied by any other cultivation, which could be care- fully planted with tea shrubs; and the proper tea men invited for this branch of trade from the Sungho hills, about seven days' distance from Ningpo. With a small expense of capital, Chusan and the neighbouring islands might produce, instead of ten or twenty boat-loads as at present, the same number of ship-loads of green tea.

"The silk worm thrives in the island; but is now merely kept by a few females, who take an interest in weaving home-spun dresses. People brought up from their childhood in this branch of industry, could be brought from Loo-choo (one day's sailing distance from Chusan).

"The island is fertile, and contains a dense, industrious, agricultural popula- tion, who, though more than ten times the number of the Chinese inhabitants of Hong Kong, require not one-fifth part of the police establishment for keeping them in order.

"As a fishing station, Chusan possesses great advantages.

"The catching of the Mandarin fish' during the spring months, is a very extensive and lucrative business to the inhabitants, and employs a large capital and many boats.

"For the whale fishery Chusan presents great facilities; for, during summer, the fish go to the Japanese seas, and along the coast of Korea, whither they have never yet been pursued. Vessels, therefore, fitting out in the island, would be just in the track.

"As a commercial emporium, few places in Asia can vie, in point of situation, with Chusan. On the opposite main are the most flourishing cities, as respects manufactures as well as commerce. In its neighbourhood the largest rivers in China disembogue, and these will always be the highroads of commerce. It is only two days' sail from Japan-the same from Korea; and though the former country still remains hermetically sealed, and the other has always kept aloof from contact with the whole world, they cannot always maintain this exclusion of national intercourse. Chusan is a half-way station between the northern and southern provinces; and was, as such, visited by large numbers of junks before the con- quest.

"Inasmuch as it ought now to be an object of our constant endeavour to open new outlets for British manufactures, no spot on earth presents such facilities as Chusan at the present moment.

"As a station for European troops the climate is most favourable; it is con- genial to the European constitution, and the soil would produce all the fruits and vegetables to which we are accustomed at home, if properly planted and cultivated. The imperfect attempts made for that purpose have well succeeded; and the mountains might be clad with the vine, instead of with the dwarf fir which now cover their sides.

"On account of the great rise and fall of tide, docks might be constructed on 'Tea Island,' or on the north coast of Chusan, for the repair of vessels; and it is worthy of remark, that the neighbouring Korean islands produce firs and oaks of the best quality, excellently adapted for the use of carpenters and shipwrights.

"In a political point of view, Chusan appears in the most favourable light. The great political maxim, always as much as possible to keep the peace with the Celestial Empire, can never be so well attained as by retaining possession of this island.

"The neighbourhood of a British force so near the great canal, and only about five days' sail from Pekin, will always make the great emperor very careful to adopt any measures that may wound the feelings of the neighbouring foreigners; and in case of such an event, the appearance of a few steamers at Kwachoo or Chinkeangfoo, would soon change the views of the great monarch.

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dry fish, of salt, and of samshu,-an ardent spirit distilled from rice, millet, or other grains. There was also a considerable entrepôt trade between the northern and southern coasts of China.

Now a foreign

trade has commenced, which will probably increase to a very large extent if we retain the island. In two articles of British manufacture, the sales at Chusan during the past year amounted to 1,000,000 dollars, viz.:

Cotton goods to the amount of Woollen ditto

ditto

Dollars.

750,000

250,000

1,000,000

[We omitted at the treaty of Nankin, to get a free trade between Chusan and other parts of China, at least during our occupation of the island.]

In July 1843, Captain Cleverly, of the "William Hughes," sold in four days in Chusan harbour, woollen goods to the amount of 85,000 dollars. There was not so much merchandize sold at the Consular ports of Shanghai and Ningpo in nine months, as was sold at Chusan in the earlier months of 1843. The Chinese prefer purchasing goods at Chusan, as there is no monopoly, and as they have no China custom house mark on them; and they are thus more readily saleable at the different ports along the coast, as they can be transmitted into the in- terior of the country, without being subject to the transit duties which are levied on British manufactures, even after they have paid the cus- tom-house duties at the Consular ports. The possession of Chusan, as a trading emporium, is the more necessary, by reason of the state of four of the Consular ports, which, excepting Shanghai, have not in any degree realized the expectations entertained. There is little British

"In Asia the observance of treaties does not arise from any conviction that they are an obligation binding on both parties, but it springs from sheer necessity and the moment this powerful law is not in operation, all engagements are null and void. The best guarantee for the maintenance of our treaty, will be the British occupation of Chusan. Its possession by England will render the mandarins more conscientious and willing in executing the beliests of their sovereign, and the great monarch more desirous of conciliation, than our fleets and armies stationed at the other extremity of the empire. Chusan will prove the bridle for restraining the wild and ungovernable passions of Muhchangah's party, and for keeping England free from all interference in the political affairs of China. In case of an European war, Chusan would prove a very valuable post for the protection of our shipping, and the expulsion of any enemy from those seas; and without such a station the northern trade, which ere long will be larger than the southern, would be exposed to imminent dangers.

"We would look upon Chusan as another Malta, not in point of natural strength, but of political importance, for the maintenance and undisturbed enjoy- ment of a commerce which, after the opening of Japan and Korea, and the access to Mantchouria, will certainly rival the whole of our Mediterranean trade.

"With a fourth of the money spent on the ungrateful soil of Hong Kong, Chusan would have exhibited a larger and more beautiful city than we shall ever behold on the straggling hills of this colony.

"If changes occur if difficulties in the performance of the treaty arise-if China resumes its perfidious conduct-if other foreign powers strive to obtain the mastery in its councils-if the country is agitated, and trade must seek a safe asylum, then the permanent occupation of Chusan will become the most salutary measure that could be adopted for preserving British ascendancy and influence in Eastern Asia."-[Dr. Gutzlaff's report, written iu November, 1844, two months after mine on Chusan.]

CHUSAN.

trade at Amoy. The "Erin" and the "Mary Anne Webb" were at Amoy during the present month (August, 1844), and could not sell a bale of cotton goods, or of anything, although there was no stock on hand. At Ningpo, there is no resident British merchant. Goods have been lying at Ningpo for the last six months unsaleable. The Ningpo authorities are

are ever throwing impediments in the way of trade: they forbid the introduction of foreign goods in native vessels. from Chusan. I may mention the following fact: in July, 1844, the Cornwall," an English vessel of 300 tons, arrived at Ningpo from Singapore, with a cargo of " Straits' produce," and some British manu- factures. The "Cornwall" was chartered by a Chinaman, who is a merchant residing at Singapore; he was born at Malacca, and his an- cestors for three generations have been British subjects. There was a Chinaman from Singapore placed on board as supercargo by the Ma- lacca-Chinese merchant; but the captain of the ship and his crew were English. On the arrival of the " Cornwall" at Ningpo, the mandarins resolved on confiscating the ship and cargo, and it was only by the urgent representations of the Consul that she was saved. The "Corn- wall" then left Ningpo for Shanghai, and was totally lost on one of the banks in the Yang-tze-kiang river, when proceeding thither. The general policy of the Chinese Government is obviously directed to the greatest possible concentration of the foreign trade, thus rendering it subject to a more rigid system of supervision, and more available for exactions. The Tartar Government dread the extension of our trade in the northern ports, and would gladly drive it all back to Canton.*

* The following information was collected for Lord Aberdeen by the Chinese Secretary to Government during the past year :-

"Keshen, a Mantchoo Tartar, who, for a considerable period swayed the Cabinet of Pekin, was considered a great reformer in everything, and was supposed to be the fittest person to curb the Western Barbarians. He augmented vast wealth from bribes, peculations, confiscations, exorbitant interest on capital lent, presents, rewards, speculations in salt trade, proceeds from pawnbroker's shops, As a diplomatist Keshen had great tact-had perfect command of his temper -great politeness-always talked the fairest words-protracted discussions-never gave offence-never made any close connection-was ready with small concessions -but always avoided granting anything of importance. He realized most fully the sentiment attributed to Talleyrand, that language was bestowed on man for the concealment of his thoughts.

&c.

"When Captain Elliot and our ships appeared off the Peiho river there was not a single obstacle to oppose our capture of Pekin; Keshen was sent to negotiate with Captain Elliot and prepared a pretended letter from the British Minister to the Court of Pekin containing a sufficiency of truth to give a slight colouring to a great mass of falsehood intended to deceive the Emperor. To Captain Elliot he pro- mised, that on due investigation at Canton some indemnification for the opium might perhaps be awarded. When our fleet left the Peiho river there were great rejoicings at Pekin, and an edict was issued by the Emperor declaring that the English barbarians were respectfully obedient and yielding (to this moment the great mass of the people at Canton believe, as they have been told, that the English paid a large sum of money to be permitted to quit the walls of Canton). On Keshen's arrival at Canton he pretended great friendship for Captain Elliot, at the very time when he was planning to surprise that brave, humane, but too con- fiding officer.

"Keshen wrote to the Emperor that the English only wanted an anchorage or careening place at Hong Kong. But as soon as it became apparent that Keslien

had failed in his boasted annihilation of the Western Barbarians, there was no

REPORT ON

Mr. Thom, the Consul at Ningpo, who framed the new Chinese tariff; who was the chief eulogist on the advantageous extension of British trade with China; whose knowledge of the Chinese language is complete, and who has married a Chinawoman, now states that all his hopes have been disappointed. He said (10th August, 1844), "Free trade has proved a failure in China; everything here runs into monopoly. Government have appointed three hongs, who alone are permitted to sell tea at Ningpo. Government have granted a monopoly of all iron made in the district to one hong, consisting of two or three individuals. An English ship brought some iron here the other day; the Chinaman who bought the English iron at a dollar a picul below the price at which the monopolist hong was selling the native iron, was cited before the mandarins, who, after urgent remonstrances and reference to the treaty, at length said the monopoly was granted for internal or home-made iron, and that the Chinaman was at liberty to complete his purchase of the English iron. But in a short time the iron monopolist hong trumped up some other charge against the pur- chaser of the English iron; false witnesses were easily procured, and the unfortunate purchaser of cheap English iron was committed to pri- No interference of the Consul could be made, as the alleged offence had no reference to trade. The accused would probably be squeezed of all his property, and feel thankful he had escaped with life. Such conduct deters other Chinese traders from purchasing English goods, particularly where a monopoly has been granted." Mr. Thom

son.

CHUSAN.

438

proceeds further to observe," you may lay down large and liberal prin- ciples, but they are sure to be defeated in detail by the mandarins. Although the duties are low on imported English goods, yet a man prefers going over in his junk to Chusan, where he fills her with English goods, and takes them to Chapoo, Shantung, &c., where they are readily bought. The same goods, if sold at Ningpo, would be marked at the custom-house; and fifty or sixty miles in the interior, the mandarins levy a heavy internal transit duty, which effectually checks the consumption of British manufactures. I see no prospect of a large increase of trade with China, which has nothing but tea and silk to ex- port and no money. Silver is becoming scarcer every day; 2000 cash are now required for a tael of silver. Opium has drained the country. Formerly the Chinese bought our watches, mirrors, and other articles of luxury; now they are unable to do so, and there is evidently an in- creasing national impoverishment and deterioration.* In the Chinese you behold a nation without truth and without morals."+

Ningpo, one of the largest and wealthiest cities in China, may be viewed as a complete failure för a British Consular port.

With regard to Foochoofoot, although the Consul has been there two months, not a vessel has even called to inquire if there be a market; so hopeless is it deemed to contend with interested opposition.

It is for these, among other reasons, that Chusan would be so valuable as a British commercial entrepôt. Already goods have been frequently purchased there for the coast of Shantung, but probably destined for the gulf of Petchely and other places to the northward of the Yang-tze-kiang river. Chusan would also most probably become. an entrepôt for the valuable trade of Formosa, from which island it is only distant 300 miles, and from whence there is an immense importation of sugar into Ningpo and Shanghai, for the supply of the rich northern and central provinces of China, where the consumption is very great. The sugar would be a valuable article for shipment to England, and would be much more advantageously transshipped at a free port like Chusan, than under the trammels of the custom-house arrangements at Ningpo or Shanghai, irrespective of the export duty. levied at these ports, which on low sugars become a heavy per centage. The Formosa junks take back raw cotton, cotton cloths, Straits' pro- duce, &c., all of which British merchants could supply from Chusan.

* This is also the opinion of the Rev. Mr. Medhurst at Shanghai.

+ Mr. Tradescant Lay, Her Majesty's Consul at Amoy, says, in his work on China, published in 1841, page 3, "the Tartar Government, from the highest to the lowest, are liars and extortioners; possessed of wily cunning and ingenious malice; proud and insolent." On 5th June last, Mr. Lay said, on board Her Majesty's ship Iris," in the presence of General d'Aguilar and myself, that he adhered to every word he had expressed in his book on the Chinese officials; that further experience and extensive intercourse with them, as Her Majesty's Consul at Canton, at Foochoofoo, and at Amoy, had corrobated his previous opinions; and he declared with great emphasis, that "the rulers of China are the greatest villains on the face of the earth; there was not one to be trusted; and Sir H. Pottinger little knew what a knave and villain he was taking to his bosom in the person of the much-lauded Keying." These opinions I heard generally expressed by per- sons, like Mr. Thom and Mr. Lay, acquainted with the Chinese language, and brought into close contact with the mandarins.

The Consul at Foochoo, an amiable man, has done all in his power to pro- mote trade; but deludes himself and others on the subject.

language too severe for him, and he was sentenced to a slow death,-to be cut in small pieces as food for the vultures,-his property to be confiscated, and all his relations and connections to be punished and degraded.

"The property of Keshen seized and delivered over into the hands of the Impe- rial Treasury, for His Majesty's special use, was, 682 catties of gold, 17,940,000 taels of silver, 11 boxes of jewels, worth unknown. This was, however, only the first instalment, for Muhchangah, then Prime Minister, on a second search con- fiscated the following effects: 1438 large pieces of silver valued at 60 dollars each, 46,920 taels of broken silver, 6100 taels annual rental of property, 2,561,217 Chinese acres in land, besides houses, shares in pawnshops, saltworks, &c., &c.

"His property as first rated was equivalent to 8,000,0007. sterling; but on a subsequent minute calculation, was found of far greater value.

"Keshen's wives and concubines were sold by auction. Without trial, without any other charge than that of not having destroyed the barbarians, his property was instantly seized; he was sent with a chain round his neck as a felon from Canton to Pekin-where with great difficulty he obtained 100 cash (1-12th of a dollar) to buy some food-and he was subsequently seen starving in prison, where he was condemned to die a lingering death. The approach of our fleet to Nankin saved his life; he was subsequently released from prison, made pipe-bearer to the Emperor, at length made Viceroy of Tibet, where he is again accumulating a large fortune, to be perhaps again "squeezed" from him on the first favourable oppor- tunity. Such is a Tartar Government !"

A similar instance to the confiscation of Keshen's property is recorded by Sir George Staunton. "Hochuntong, or Hoquen, or Hokwan, the celebrated Minister of China under the Emperor Kien Lung, amassed before his impeachment by the Emperor Kiaking (in the fourth year of his reign), 80 millions of Chinese ounces of silver, or about 23,300,0001. sterling value in bullion or gems, which was found in his treasury, besides lands, houses, and other immoveable property to an amazing amount. As a mark of royal favour he was permitted to become his own execu- tioner!" [Sir G. Staunton's "Penal Code," Appendix, p. 492.]

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The proximity of Chapoo (the seat of the China-Japanese trade) to Chusan is of considerable importance, as the merchants engaged in it would doubtless prefer making their purchases of foreign goods at Chusan, free from duty, to proceeding out of their way to Shanghai, to buy them at an enhanced cost.

The Japanese three centuries ago made Chusan their entrepôt. With 30,000,000 inhabitants-the finest climate in the world-rich in various commodities, and abounding in gold and silver,-Japan is within two or three days' sail of Chusan, and accessible at all seasons of the Our occupation of Chusan would sooner or later bring about an inter- year. course with that exclusive people, the Japanese, on the ground that we had formerly a factory in 1613, at Nangasaki, in Japan; that we were unjustly expelled; and that we have an equal right with the Dutch to trade on free and just terms with the Japanese.

There are several other places with which a trade might be opened with Chusan, viz., with Corea, which contains about 12,000,000 inhabitants; with the Loochoo islands; the coast of Mantchouria; the Kurile islands; and even with Kamstchatka, &c. In fact a new and large commercial world would be opened to England.

The whale fishing is now being extended into the Northern Pacific, Chinese, and Japanese seas. Driven successively from the northern and southern polar regions, this gigantic and useful animal is seeking refuge in seas hitherto little frequented, from his untiring pursuers. To the whale-ships, Chusan would be an invaluable port for recruit-

ment.

In viewing Chusan as a commercial emporium, it is important to bear in mind, that although the largest class of ships in the British navy may with as perfect safety reach Chusan, as any other part of the world, yet the navigation to the northward of Chusan is difficult, even for small-class vessels of 200 tons burthen; few of which reach Shanghai without getting on shore on a mud or sand-bank. It would be hazardous for large-class ships to navigate the Woosung river, on which Shanghai is situated.

The same remark applies to the gulf of Petchely, the Hwango or Yellow river, the Peiho, and the other ports and rivers to the north- ward of the Yang-tze-kiang.

This circumstance would give us a great advantage by enabling merchants to send goods direct from England in large ships to Chusan, where they would be transshipped direct to the English coasting craft or Chinese junks, without further expense. At present goods are sent to Hong Kong or Canton, there warehoused, considerable expense incurred, and then re-embarked in small-class schooners or brigs for the northward; thus materially enhancing the cost of the goods, and delaying their transmission to the place of sale, namely, the richest and most populous districts of China which lie contiguous to Chusan, and render its possession in a mercantile view so important.

Ere long the valuelessness of our Consular stations, except Canton and Shanghai, will be fully perceived; it will then be acknowledged that the present stations were hastily and injudiciously selected; that other places, such as Suchoo, at the head of the Woosung river, Chinkeangfoo, near the Grand Canal below Nankin, and Tienstien, the port of the Peiho, were much better adapted for our trade. The annual

CHUSAN.

expense of our Consular establishments on the China coast, of 30,000%. to 40,000l. a-year, without any corresponding advantage, will be severely felt, should the Chinese Government resolve to open no other ports.

The intrinsic worth of Chusan as a British port will then be more manifest; our possession of the island will force the Tartar Govern- ment of China to the adoption of a less exclusive system: for the natural and apparently instinctive love of a Chinaman for trade would make him the conveyer of our merchandize to the numerous ports and wealthy districts around our settlement; thus bringing about practically a free trade with Chusan, which ultimately the Tartar Government would be forced to recognize, protect, and encourage*.

Maritime Position.-The navigation of the China Sea up to Chusan is perfectly safe and easy on all occasions. The difficulty of reaching

Sir James Urmston, who presided for some years over the East India Company's establishment at Canton, says, "The island of Chusan is situated at a very inconsiderable distance from that part of China which avowedly comprises the most fertile and productive, as well as the most flourishing and opulent provinces and districts of the empire, where the most extensive trade and manufactures are carried on, and in a climate well known to be the most salubrious of any part of China.

"Chusan is not only most advantageously placed for general trade, but is, in fact, close to those districts which are more immediately connected with the British and foreign trade, that is, at no great distance from the tea and silk districts, and from those marts where British merchandize is required and diffused, as well as those articles which are exported to China from our dominions in India.

"It may be observed also, that Chusan is well situated for communications with Japan, should we ever be enabled to open a negotiation and establish a trade with that singular country.

"It may, moreover, be stated, that Chusan is particularly well adapted for offensive or defensive naval and military operations, as well as for interrupting the Chinese coasting trade, which navigate the whole coast of China to an immense extent and amount.

"It lays, in fact, in the very track of that trade, and the junks which trade with Manila, Cochin China, Siam, Batavia, Singapore, and other places to the southward of China.

Viewing the question of a settlement on the coast of China in all its bearings, it appears unquestionable that Chusan possesses advantages infinitely superior to any other of an insular nature along the whole coast of China; and were we so fortunate as to be established there, there is every reason to believe that a most extensive and valuable trade would soon arise, largely benefiting the Chinese of all ranks and classes in that quarter, and proving, as it doubtless would, most advan- tageous and important to British enterprise and commerce."

"Nautical Maga- zine" for 1841, pages 44 and 45. [Remarks by Sir James Urmston, in a pam- phlet on China published a few years ago, and seen by me for the first time this day in the Straits of Gaspar, August 4, 1845. R. M. MARTIN.]

Lindsay's Journal of the voyage made up the Coast of China, has the fol- lowing remark relative to the insular places: "Superior to all is the island of Chusan. The advantages of a central situation on the coast, communicating with the very heart of China; of anchorages, harbours, fertility, population, climate, are here all united: Ningpo, Hangchow, Shanghai, and Japan, are distant only a few days' sail. Among these numerous islands (the Chusan group) there are almost as many valuable harbours or places of security for ships of any burthen, This advantage, together with that of their central situation, in respect to the Eastern Coast of China, and the vicinity of Corea, Japan, Loochoo, and Formosa, attract considerable commerce. 19

"Nautical Magazine" for 1840, p. 302.

£ 2

489

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the northern ports against the monsoon has been purposely magnified by those engaged in the opium trade, who have for several years past navigated the whole coast of China, regardless of the monsoon. Cap- 'tains of merchant-vessels declare they would rather proceed from Hong Kong to Chusan in the north-east monsoon, than they would pass through the English Channel in winter.

A vessel proceeding from Singapore, or any southern port up the China Sea, against the monsoon, can reach Chusan as easily as Hong Kong, and within three or four days of the time, the difference of dis- tance being only 700 miles". The China coast, as far north as Chusan, and the entrance of the Yang-tze-kiang river, is bold, steep, and skirted with islands, where good anchorage may always be found.

The harbour of Chusan is superior to that of Hong Kong, more easy of access and egress in all winds, and safer in a typhoon. No gale can raise a sea in Chusan harbour. The holding ground is a tena- cious clay; and when the junks are driven on shore, owing to their imperfect moorings, they drive on a mud-bank, from whence they easily get off in fine weather. Sixty sail of British vessels have anchored in Chusan harbour at once; and the adjacent safe and large harbour, termed "Spithead," would contain treble that number of vessels. Ex- cellent anchorage exists throughout the whole Chusan archipelago, which is accessible to vessels proceeding in any direction to or from Chusan.

It is worthy of note that, for a large part of the year, Chusan is to windward of the adjacent ports and mainland of China, so that ships of war or transports can at any period with certainty enter the Yang-tze- kiang in a few days after leaving Chusan harbour. Naval commanders will immediately perceive the great importance of such an advantage.

One of the erroneous ideas entertained respecting Chusan was the impracti- cability of vessels reaching the island against the monsoon. The monsoons only blow in the tropics, and Hong Kong is on their verge. It is true the wind blows for a long period of the year (from Oct. to May) down the Formosa channel; but vessels at this season go outside the channel, but sometimes beat through: for instance, the "Omega, a small schooner commanded by Captain White, one of the most intelligent, enterprising, and skilful officers on the coast of China, left Chusan, June 13, 1843, went to Hong Kong and Macao, delivered her downward and received her upward cargo, and arrived in Chusan harbour on the 29th, being somewhat under sixteen days. This was thought much of at the time; but in June, 1844, answers to letters were received, by sailing-vessels, from Hong Kong, in nine days from the time of their being written in Chusan. In 1843, Captain White made, in less than nine months, seven sailing voyages up and down between Chusan, Hong Kong and Macao, and on two of these occasions proceeded up the Yang-tze-kiang river as far as Woosung, besides, on other occasions, touching at the ports along the coast. During the remainder of the year the vessel was either laying up or being repaired; had she been constantly running, Captain White says he could have made ten voyages with ease. Let it be remembered that this

each voyage.

On was a trading schooner obliged to take in and discharge cargo May 6, 1843, at noon, the "Omega" sailed from Dear island, Chusan, and in sixty-nine hours anchored in the Typa, Macao roads. Small British vessels, brigs and schooners, are now plying the whole year between Macao, Canton, and Hong Kong to Chusan and the northern ports. Under a proper treaty and freedom, there would be a very large coasting trade along the whole shore of China con- ducted in small British square-rigged vessels.

CHUSAN.

Military Position.-A glance at the map of China will instantly demonstrate the many advantages which Chusan possesses as a military station. Midway between the northern and southern extremities of this immense empire; at the entrance of the vast Yang-tze-kiang, which divides China into two parts, and by means of the extraordinary canals all centering in this river, affording a cheap and ready water com- munication with Pekin and all the richest cities and most fertile plains, --sufficiently distant from the mainland to prevent observation, and to guard against a surprise; in a healthy climate, abounding in commissariat supplies, and with the most important maritime advantages, Chusan may justly be termed the key of China.

Two regiments, a couple of frigates, and two steamers, would be sufficient, if stationed at Chusan, not only to keep the whole of the empire of China in check, but even to act on the offensive, enter the Yang-tze-kiang, occupy the mouth of the Grand Canal, and in one week dictate terms of peace without seeking any reinforcements from India. A flat country, thickly peopled by an unwarlike, effeminate, and commercial race, collected in numerous large cities, can never resist even a small well-organized invading body.

But our military occupation of Chusan would tend to prevent war, and to preserve our trade and position inviolate. The Tartar Govern- ment, conscious of its weakness, and of our superior skill in arms, would dread an encounter, when we were at their door immediately to confront them, and demonstrate that we were not again going to waste our time and strength at the southern extremity of the empire. Our very prox- imity to Pekin would make the Chinese Government more solicitous for the maintenance of good faith, and for the preservation of a friendly alliance. We have at present nothing to expect from China but through their fear of our military strength; and were that fear removed, I believe they would not hesitate to expel us from every port in China. I will not advert to Hong Kong; my report on that settlement will show that that island can never be viewed as a military position for Great Britain.

In adverting to the chances of renewed hostilities in China, the prohability of the western nations making this coast their battle-field, as France or was formerly the case in India, should not be overlooked. America or Russia might be engaged in war with China, while we were neutrals; the great value of our occupation of Chusan would then be most manifest. Or should China seek and obtain the assistance of England to quell domestic rebellion, or to resist foreign aggression, our position at the centre region of China would be equally useful. Whether England be engaged in an European or a Chinese war, her military and naval occupation of Chusan would be of vital importance, and the saving

many lives and much treasure.

It is a good maxim, that to be always prepared for hostilities is a sure mode of preserving peace. This rule would be found most appli- cable to the Chinese; and if our policy be the maintenance and exten- sion of social and commercial intercourse with China, England will not relinquish her naval and military position in Chusan.

Concluding Observations against the Evacuation of Chusan by England.-A careful reflection on the policy of the Tartar Govern-

490

| Bỗ

REPORT ON

ment at Pekin, and a minute examination of the occurrences in China during the last few years, will lead to the conclusion that, although the people, especially those of the northern and central provinces, are not adverse to us, but, on the contrary, are eager to trade with us, accord- ing to the extent of their means, yet that their Tartar rulers view us with alarm and fear, are anxiously desirous of keeping us at the very extreme part of the empire, and would gladly adopt any means, either of fraud or force, which might secure our entire expulsion from China *. This is quite natural, when we consider that a mere handful of semi- barbarians, but brave and crafty men, hold sway over three hundred millions of people, whose varied and ancient dynasties they, as con- querors, have displaced, and who must feel that, notwithstanding two centuries of occupation and imperial despotism, they are still an isolated race among myriads who submit by compulsion to their sway, as they would to that of any other foreign power, but who, nevertheless, anxiously hope for the restoration of a sovereign of Chinese origin, identified with the inhabitants by all those strong but indescribable ties which characterize persons of the same blood, lineage, and nation†,

*On the 12th October, 1842, very shortly after the signing of the treaty of Nankin, an imperial decree was issued from Pekin, respecting "the extermination of native traitors," i. e., of all who had in any manner assisted or countenanced the English during the war. The plans for their destruction, or police supervision, are laid down in this document, and they are a clear violation of the treaty of Nankin. The document fully evinces also the readiness of the Chinese Government to break any agreement which it might suit their policy to adopt.

The functions of the most petty mandarin, and the duties of the Imperial Cabinet at Pekin, are equally interwoven with intrigue, which constitutes the every day business and pleasure of official life in China.-Since the treaty of Nankin, it has been seriously discussed in the cabinet at Pekin, whether the time was propi- tious for breaking with the English. Dr. Gutzlaff states that the majority of the cabinet were in favour of an immediate rupture, which was only prevented by the sagacious Emperor requiring the belligerent ministers to raise the required levies, to head them, and to leave their wives and children as hostages for the success of the proposed measures. It has been truly stated to Lord Aberdeen, in an official memorandum, dated China, 22nd November, 1844, that "one uniform course has always been pursued by the Chinese Government towards foreign states :-if crouchingly submissive, contempt and contumely; if resisting, arrogance; if vic- torious, perfidy. There are no exceptions to this policy." We

We have, in fact, no real security for peace, but the possession of an island like Chusan, which is the key of China; as an efficient means of preventing war, our possession of this island is of the utmost value to the Chinese themselves.

+ The following observations are in illustration of this:-On the commence- ment of our war with the Government of China, the greatest personal hatred was expressed against us by the Tartars; but the Chinese party in the Pekin cabinet, with Swanshegau at their head, were silent. Six months before the treaty of Nankin, whoever dared to speak of peace was deemed worthy of death: Keshen (a Tartar) was considered to have sold his Government, and declared a traitor. Lin, for his opposition to us, was viewed as a great patriot-as the guardian patriot of the country, whom the Government at Pekin believed capa- ble of deciding the great national question with the sword. There was general regret at his degradation; and his restoration to high power is now hoped for. Governor Lin in a memorial to the Emperor, said if we were allowed to settle near the central districts of China, the poorer classes would join us. The Government itself stopped all maritime trade, in order to starve the barbarians."

Yupoo- Yuan, a generalissimo, urged the extermination of the barbarians; but Eleepoo, subsequently his colleague in the Nankin Commission, with a foresight of the dan- ger the Tartars were exposed to, strongly advised his sovereign never to give to

tin.

491

累

432

ANALYSIS OF CHINESE SOVEREIGNS-THEIR CHRONOLOGY, CHARACTER, &c.-(p. 55.)

[Indicating a greater extent of crime and sensuality than even the Roman Empire.]

Era. Dynasty. Name of Sovereign.

221 TSIN

Date of

Accession.

:2888:

Termination

of Reign.

No. of Years

8888888

reigned.

7884

Died, Dethroned, or Abdicated.

Cause of Death, Dethronement, or Abdication.

Natural

Do.

Destroyed for usurping throne Natural Do.

Name and Position of Successor.

Yuen-te

Character of Sovereign and Events.

Sanguinary, despotic, bold.

Built Great Wall in five years. Feeble. Succeeded by nephew

Feeble. Unable to resist Lew-

pang

Bold. Resisted the Huns

Very popular Paper invented Unsuccessful rebellions

Killed

his mother to prevent her reigning

Foreign invasion and domestic

treachery

Literary. Subjected the Huns Literary

Sensual and effeminate

Nine years old when placed on

throne

Ambitious and unprincipled Many rebellions

Budhism introduced

Ambitious eunuchs placed boys on the throne, in order to hold power during long

minorities, and then destroyed them.

Ascended at twelve years old. Great bloodshed in this reign. Foreign intercourse at Canton.

B.C.

Che-hwang-te

210

Died

Natural. Assassination failed

210

Urh-she-hwang-te

210

206

Dethroned

}

206

Tsze-Ying

206 202

4 Do.

Suicide. Dethroned by Lew-

pang, an adventurer Subdued by Lew-pang, a

bandit

Son. Urh-she-hwang.

Tsze-Ying

Lew-pang

202 HAN

Lew-pang, alias

202 195

7 Died,

Natural

Son. Heaou-hwuy-te

Kaou-tsoo

195

Heaou-hwuy-te

195

188

Died

Natural; without issue

Mother

Sunk in effeminacy

188

Mother of above

188

180

Do.

From excesses

Wan-te

Ambitious, cruel, dissolute

180

Wan-te

180

157

23 Do.

Natural

King-te

157

King-te

157

141

Do.

Woo-te

14]

Woo-te

141

Do.

Chaou-te. Son

Cruel and superstitious.

Chaou-te

Do.

Natural; ascended throne

by his Uncle

æt. 7 years

Uncle of above

Dethroned

by the Nobles

Seuen-te

Died

Yuen-te

Died

Ching-te. Son

Ching-to

Do.

A.D.

Natural, but resigned power

to his uncles

| Ping-te. Son

A.D.

Ping-te

A.D.

Poisoned

by a noble, Waug-Mang

A regency of Wang

Mang

Wang Mang, regent

Killed

Kwang-Woo-te

888888

Kwang Woo-te

Died

Ming-te

89 31 Do.

Ming-te. Son Ho-te

Ho-te

Several minorities

168

Ling-te

168

189

Heen-te

189 220 31

220

Tsaou-pe

220

189 21 Died

Abdicated Do.

Natural Cruelty caused by Tungcho Tsaou-pe

Lew-pei

Heen-te

4.4

Lew-pei

How-te

255

Died Abdicated

How-te

Invasion and internal weak.

Prince of Wei-Woo-te

ness

255

TSIN

Prince of Wei-

Woo-te

Do.

Hwuy-te

307

Hwae-te

307

313

Assassinated

Attacked by King of Han

313

Min-te

313 318

Do.

318

Sze-Ma-Juy

318 322

322

Ming-te

322 325

Three minors

Died

362

Gae-te

362 365

Died drinking

365

Heaou-Woo

365 396

Strangled

396

Gan-te

396 419

23.

Do.

419

Kung-te

419 420

Abdicated &

420

SUNG

Lew-Yu or Woo-te

420

422

Shaou-te

422

Wan-te

··

454 32

Died Removed Murdered

454

Son of above

454 465

Died

465

Fe-te

465 466

Murdered

for his ferocity

466

Ming-te

466 472

472

Do.

477

Shun-te

477 480

Abdicated

480

T8E

Died

or Kaou-te

482

Woo-te

482

492 10

Son of do.

{

492

Seaou-lun

492 499

499

502

499 502 502

Tsang-Woo-Wang 472 477

Seaou-teaou-Ching 480 482

EIBEN 2

poisoned

Dethroned

Killed

Dethroned

Compelled by Woote

Empire in miserable con-

dition

Conspiracy and trouble

Numberless plots

from drinking

"Ambrosial"

liquid to procure immortality

When drunk, by wife by an ambitious general Compelled by the above

Unworthy of throne

by one of his sons

from debauchery

Killed fourteen nephews Bloodthirsty

Forced by his general

Min-te. A member of

Tsin family

by Governor-General

Ming-te

Three minorities Gae-te

Heaou-Woo

Gan-te. Son Kung-te. Brother Lew-Yu

Shaou-te. Son Wan-te. Brother by his son

Fe-te. Son

Ming-te

Tsang Woo-Wang Shun-te. Son Seaou-teaou-Ching Woo-te. Son

by son

Seaou-lun

Paou-Keuen. Son Seaou-Yeu Son

Printing from blocks invented Termination of Han dynasty

Unparalleled cruelty

End of Tsin dynasty

Patron of learning.

Budhism Sensual and depraved

Suppressed

Slew all who displeased him

These were rivals in their eager-

ness to shed blood

End of Sung dynasty Excellent character

End of Tse dynasty

Became a Priest of Budh

CHUSAN.

The late war with England, limited as it was in extent and duration, shook the Tartar Government to its foundation; and the protraction of hostilities for a brief period, and the occupation of Nankin, might perhaps have ended in its overthrow, or the abandonment of Pekin for a retreat in Mantchouria.

The appearance of a fleet of sixty sail of British vessels off Nankin, (for which Admiral Sir W. Parker deserves the highest credit,) inspired such alarm at Pekin, that Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary had nothing to do but dictate the terms on which peace would be granted. These terms were too hastily settled: several important points were over- looked, and so-called concessions were obtained, which were not only valueless (as for example, permission to trade to ports and incur heavy expenses where there is no commerce), but, as in the grant of Hong Kong to the British crown, was positively injurious and a waste of life and treasure, without the slightest compensating advantage. No right of direct correspondence with the Imperial Cabinett, or with the Lefanyeun Board, or Foreign Office, at Pekin, through which the Russian and other nations not in subjection to China, correspond, was even procured.

The obtainment, by the treaty of Nankin, of the payment of twenty-one million dollars, has been viewed as a great gain to England,

foreigners any just cause of complaint-advised peace on any conditions, and beg- ged the Emperor to make every sacrifice to conciliate the English. War was, how. ever, already decided upon in the imperial cabinet. Before our attack on the forts at Chuenpee, an order was issued by the Emperor to send the whole of the English troops to Pekin in cages, and not a shred of any of our ships was to be left un- destroyed! It was proposed to burn us out of Tinghae, and incendiaries were sent there (as they are now to Hong Kong) for the purpose of setting fire to our residences, at different times and places.

The Emperor orderd three line-of-battle ships to be built, of the same size, and with similar equipments and guns to those of the English. The official who received these orders had not materials to build three war junks, and knowing his fate at Pekin, committed suicide. But the approach of our fleet to Nankin, totally changed the Tartar feelings. The Emperor prepared for flight into Tartary; and so great was the confusion at Pekin, that silver to the enormous amount of nine millions sterling is stated in the official papers to have been abstracted from the treasury at Pekin. Any proposition for the continuance of the war was now viewed as high treason; the commissioners sent from Pekin to make peace with Sir H. Pottinger at Nankin, received instructions that "all demands were to be yielded without reserve or contradiction, and a peace concluded." These instructions were from the Emperor himself, and had their origin in the strong conviction that unless peace were immediately concluded, the Tartar dynasty must fall.

Dr. Gutzlaff, in his official extracts from Chinese state papers, No. 4, (Elepoo) dated 16th June, 1845, adverts to the exhausted finances of the Chinese Govern. ment, at the very commencement of the war with us; to the "miserable fortifica- tions that were thrown up; the half-starved soldiers; the wretched matchlocks ; the useless powder; the honey-combed guns; the miserable display of the whole imperial army." He adverts also to the "venality and greediness of the mandarins to swallow up the public money, which rendered all efforts to take up a bold posi- tion abortive." Peace with us was therefore the only hope of the Tartars for the retention of their unjustly acquired and ill used government of China for two centuries. The annexed abstract of the various dynasties that ruled China previous to the Tartar usurpation in 1644, shows there has been almost a constant scene of conquest, tyranny, and rapine, in China.

+ The Imperial Cabinet consists of six members, two of whom are of an inferior

Keying is second in rank of these two.

grade.

rtin.

by Seaou-lun

by the priests

552

557

CHIN

LEANG

Paou-Keuen Seaou-Yeu or

Leang-Woo-te Keen-Wan-te How-King Yuen-te

King-te Chin-pa-Seen or

Kaou-tsoo

by his general

Abdicated

Went into a monastery

Slain

by his general

Do.

How-King

Yuen-te

552 557 557 557 559

Do.

Abdicated

Finding he had no power

Chin-pa-Seen

559

Chin-tseen or

559 566 7

566

568

582

Wan-te

Pe-tsung

Chin-heu

How-te

566 568

Died

Deposed

Son

by his uncle

Uncle

568 582

582

590

100

Died Dethroned

Son

by General Yang-Keen

By General

590

SUY

Yang-Keen

590 604 14 Died

Son

•

His son

604

Yang-Kwan

Strangled

by his brother

Brother

Slain

by assassins

617

Kung-te

619

TANG

Ley-uen

617 619 619

Murdered

by Le Yuen, his general

Ley-uen

Died

Kaou-tsoo

649

Do.

Kaou-tsung

649

Kaou-tsung

649 684

35 Do.

Chung-tsung

Tibet

684

710

བྷ ནཱ ཀྵ སྶརྒྱུ རྒྱུ ང

Chung-tsung

684

710

Confined

by his mother who reigned

Brother

His brother

Nephew

End of Leang dynasty

Wise and judicious prince

Imbecile

Voluptuous and effeminate

End of Chin dynasty

Utterly unfit to reign by de-

bauchery

End of Suy dynasty

Repelled Tartars

Encouraged science

Warlike.

Entered Persia and

Weak and debauched

888

905

Five

Dynasties

Juy-tsung

Heuen-tsung Tih-tsung Shun-tsung

Heen-tsung

Seuen-tsung

Several successors

Chaou-tsung

Chaou-Seuen-te

The How-leang,

How-tang.

How-tsin,

How-han and

How-chow

Chaou Kwang-Yin

suc.

ceeded.

960

SUNG

976

Tae-tsung

997

Chin-tsung

1100

Hwuy-tsung

1127

Prin-tsung

1162

Heaou-tsung

1194

1266

Ning-tsung Too-tsung

960 976

Dethroned

by a rebellion

Son

Murdered his empress and children

::::

888 906

905

-::::

Abdicated

Son

Poisoned

Do.

by liquor of "Immortality" by do.

Do.

Murdered Abdicated

by Choo-Wan

in favour of

End of Tang dynasty

The usual train of murders, rebellions, abdications, and infamy; cruelty and imbecility. The last of the How-tang dynasty obtained the throne by murdering his brother, and when attacked, A.D. 936, col- lected all the insignia of royalty, and set fire to them, to himself, his empress and children.

Son

Died

Natural death

976 997

21 Do.

Do.

997 1022

45 Do.

Do.

Made a prisoner by Tartars

Do.

Brother

End of Sung Dynasty

of vexation

Grandson

1280 MONGOL Kublai Khan or

Che-Yuen

Woo-tsung

1100 1127 27 Do.

1194

1266 1279 13 1280 1294 14 Died

1294 1307 18 Died

1307 1811 4 Do. 1311 1820 9 Do. 1320 1323 3 1323 1328

5 Died

4 {

Poisoned

Fled

1294

Timur, or Yuen

Ching

1307

1311

Jin-tsung

Son

1320

Ying-tsung

Assassinated

in his tent

1323

Ye-Sun-te Mur

Second son

1328

Toote-Mur

Abdicated

1328

Ho-chila

1332

To-hwan-te Mur

1332

1332 1368 36

in favour of elder brother

Conquered by Choo-Yuen

1368

MING

Hung-Woo

1368 1398

Died

Natural. Rose from a poor

labourer

Chang

Grandson

1398

Keen-wan-te

Dethroned

by rebellions, &c.

Yung-loo

1425

Successor

A prisoner

1450

Keng-te

Warlike, learned, frugal and good

Weak and credulous Revived the Eunuchs' influence

Invited the Mongols, who retained the country first under Gen- ghis Khan, and then under Kublai Khan

Devoted to wine and women Learned and good

Various successors

Choo-Wan

All perished similarly

About this period end of Mongols'

dynasty

Extirpated the Mongols

Choo-Keen-Shin

1664 TA-TSING] Taetsing, and other Tartars in succession Kanghe, who died 1722

Yung-ching, died 1753

Keen Lung, who reigned 60 years, and at 85 years of age resigned the throne to his son

End of Ming dynasty in 1644

Keaking, (1796,) an imbecile sensualist, cowardly and cruel; he died 1820, and was succeeded by the present Emperor

Taou-kwang, who is more than 60 years of age, and on whose death there will be a disputed succession, and probably great internal disturbances.

REPORT ON

but when the accounts of the East India Company, and of the War Office, Navy, and Victualling Department, are rendered; when the deductions of six million dollars for the forced surrender of a quantity of opium is made; and various other deductions for Hong merchants' debts, and alleged losses are added, it will be seen that no surplus of the twenty-one million dollars will ever enter the British exchequer. Even if there were a surplus, our present annual expen- diture of half a million sterling on this coast for Hong Kong, &c., would soon absorb it; while almost every dollar now spent by us here returns to China and will soon reimburse the Chinese for the indem- nity money*.

In both our Treaty and Supplemental Treaty we have bound and fettered ourselves in a manner never before seen in the regulations between two independent nations; instead of obtaining unrestricted freedom of trade and intercourse, whereby we might become better known and assimilated with the Chinese, and thus laid the foundation of a lasting peace on the basis of mutual interest, we have voluntarily fettered ourselves; almost shut the door which we had been so long anxious to open; made ourselves the police and custom-house officers, and even spies of the Emperor of China (see Supplementary Treaty and Consular Regulations), and adopted a tone of policy which must ultimately end in a serious infraction of the Treaty, attended probably by disastrous results, and the inevitable sequel --another war, in which the Tartars (who are now purchasing largely of arms and ammunition) may be better prepared than we found them in 1841-42,

In conformity with what appears to me an erroneous Anglo-Chinese policy, British ships and British subjects are prohibited going beyond the 32nd degree of north latitude. This is exactly the part of the coast of China, and that portion of the Chinese people, with which we ought to become better acquainted, and where there is a probability of the woollen cloths being sold, which are now lying at Shanghai and Ningpo, or are being returned to Canton unsaleablet. Why should

* Dr. Gutzlaff says that the whole revenue of the Chinese empire, as stated in their official books, is as follows:-

Land tax, in money

Ditto, in kind, valued at

Salt tax

Tea duties

Duties on merchandize

Ditto on foreign ditto at Canton

Sundries

Duties on marketable articles

Ditto on shops and pawnbrokers

Ginseng

Coinage

Total, Taels

Taels.

53,730,218

113,398,057

7,486,380

204,530

4,535,459

3,000,000

1,052,706

1,174,932

5,000,000

1,000,000

191,804,139

Exclusive of small items and stamp duties. Calculating the tael at 70d. sterling, this sum would annually yield 55,942,8737. 17s. 6d. sterling. The indemnity paid us of 21,000,000 dollars, equal to 4,375,000l., is therefore not equal to the revenue of one month of the imperial revenues.

+ The following recent circular from the highly respected firm of Hayter and Howell, of Mark Lane, London, January 8, 1846, is in confirmation of the remark

CHUSAN.

English merchants be prohibited by their own Government from coast-493

ing the Shangtung promontory, the mouth of the Peiho, the Corean

made in my report,-" that we want the northern coast of China fully opened for the benefit of our woollen trade in particular.

Upon this date, in 1844, we had the pleasure of waiting upon you, with a statistical account of the woollens shipped to China to that period, from the cessa- tion of the Company's trade. We have now to hand you particulars of the exports since that period, which are as follows :-

In the year 1844*

1845

Of which had arrived in China at the date of the last accounts of the shipments of 1845 ......

The average of the years 1844

and 1845 was.

The average of the previous nine

years was

The average of the years from 1835 to 1838, being prior to the

Pieces Pieces Pieces Long Ells. Camletst. Cloth.

Pieces Value at

Pieces Inferior present

Woollens. Rates.

Stuffs.

109,954 21,763 50,403

8,143 13,385 535,552

93,510 15,253 58,515 7,525

10,294 509,316

52,580 11,150 36,220

5,167

6,876 318,953

101,732

18,508 54,409

7,834

11,839 522,694

88,986

7,350 37,173

6,289 3,879 357,209

109,793

11,604 45,409

11,609 3,634 458,621

war.

The average of the years 1839 to 1843, being years of war or dis- turbance

72,342

5,945 30,585

2,035 4,075 285,582

Company's average

148,034 23,949 42,297

526,144

"From these accounts the following deductions may be made.-1st. That the annual exports of woollens by the East India Company exceeded those made since the opening of the trade, notwithstanding the great reduction in the cost and pre- paration of the goods.

"2nd. That the shipments since the termination of the war with China have not augmented as was expected; for upon a comparison of the average of the last two years with that of the four years prior to the war, the increased quantity has been only about one-eighth, notwithstanding that the exports of the last two years have been made at a reduction of cost, probably not less than 15 per cent.

"These results differ so materially from the effect of the opening of the China markets on the cotton trade, that the circumstance will doubtless excite the atten- tion and anxiety of those interested in the woollen trade, so long a staple branch of our manufacturing industry.

"In our former communication we intimated our opinion, that although great advantages might be anticipated from the opening of the China markets, still such advantages could not be realized without some delay. Whether the impediments to this extension are to be found in the competition of the Russians, who, posses- sing a monopoly of the return market, are enabled to sell their outward invest-

* "The excessive shipments made in 1844 reduced a good market to one of heavy loss, for the rates quoted are below the cost of the goods in England."

"Including those of Dutch manufacture which have been shipped from this country."

REPORT ON

peninsula, the Kurile islands, &c.* Our free intercourse with these regions would benefit the Chinese and Coreans, as well as ourselves.

It might be thought irrelevant were I to descant further on the Anglo-Chinese policy+. In the remarks which I have made, I have been desirous of demonstrating that, in my humble opinion, the course hitherto adopted is not that which will secure a permanent peace, and a beneficial and friendly interchange of commercial resources, and of intellectual advantages.

To avoid, or at least to mitigate, the evil consequence attending a rupture between England and China, our continued occupation of Chusan seems to me the most desirable course. There are many fair and for- cible reasons which would justify this occupation, and which would en- able us to prove to the Chinese Government, that it would be for their immediate and permanent interest and national safety, that we should remain in possession of Chusan. It is a trite remark on England, that what she gains by war she loses by diplomacy. If we abandon Chusan, the truth of the remark will be forcibly illustrated; should we quit the island in December, 1845, I have not the slightest doubt that it will be occupied by the French. This opinion is universal at Chusan, and at Ningpo, Shanghai, and Amoy, even among the Chinese themselves‡. It would be unnecessary to cite opinions on the subject. I may observe, however, that Lord Suirdale stated to me at Chusan, 7th August, 1844, that he was recently informed by two officers, of lieutenant's rank, be- longing to the French frigate "Alcmène" (which has been at anchor for many months in Chusan harbour), that it was their intention to occupy Chusan on its evacuation by the English. Lord Suirdale en- quired on what plea such a step would be adopted; he was answered- "the Chinese Government have granted an island to England; they must also grant one to France, and this is the only island on the coast worth our acceptance and colonization."|| The Rev. Father Danni-

court, the French Roman Catholic priest at Chusan, admitted to me that the above intention was to be acted on.

It would be unnecessary to propound the question, would it be advantageous for England, or for China, that France had military possession of Chusan: I say military, because she has no trade on

ments at ruinously low rates, or whether they arise from the peculiar personal and domestic habits of the Chinese, or from both these causes combined, we still look forward to an increase of the woollen trade, as a probable result of our extended acquaintance and dealing with that portion of the Chinese population residing in the neighbourhood and northward of the island of Chusan.

The Americans are now proceeding to the northward of 32°, and we have thus thrown the trade in the hands of our rivals on this coast.

+ Among our other errors, we did not even think of stipulating for a revision of our treaty after ten or fifteen years this was obtained by the Americans; we did not require immunity for our Christian servants and followers; for authority to erect places of Christian worship, or to form cemetries. These points were granted to the French and to the Americans, almost as soon as asked; and the Emperor has finally acceded to the wish of the French plenipotentiary, and granted perfect toler- ation for Christianity. Such thoughts never seem to have entered the mind of the British plenipotentiary.

On this important point I obtained much additional information, which I communicated to Her Majesty's Government on several occasions.

The same observation was made by Monsieur Lagréné, the French Minister to the Court of China.

CHUSAN.

this coast, and is not likely ever to have any worth the occupation of an island like Chusan, for mere commercial

* purposes A brief remark on another point appears necessary.

It has been supposed by some that the Chinese empire is on the eve of dissolution, and that any foreign aggression, or pressure from without, would cause a rebellion and anarchy throughout the whole country. That China is a decaying nation is evident to those who attentively examine its present condition and past history. We see no new intellect, no improvement in anything: in the military art, or in nautical affairs, the skill of past ages is not exercised; and the people point with pride to monumental or triumphal arches (as at Ningpo), bronze castings, sculptures and carvings, which they are at present unable to execute. Although abounding in authors and literature, no work has been written on the Anglo-Chinese war--nothing in fact was composed or appeared from the numerous printing offices of China, but the lives of two or three generals who had committed suicide or were killed in action. Wealth, individual and national, is diminishing, and the influence of Government (at least of the executive Government) decaying. In these opinions, the Rev. Mr. Medhurst, Dr. Gutzlaff, Mr. Lay, Mr. Thom, and other Chinese scholars agree. But although the mass of the Chinese people are either stagnant or retrograding, there does not appear any ground for supposing that the complete and final overthrow of the Tartar Government would cause general disorder, plunder and anarchy, in China. It is impossible to examine the economy and police of a Chinese city and not perceive how care- fully life and property are preserved by their "watch and ward" system, and to admit that if left to themselves, and not obliged to flee in terror to save their lives from a foreign "barbarian," how fully adequate the Chinese themselves are to the maintenance of the muni- cipalities that exist in each city in China. The idea, therefore, that the Chinese empire is likely to fall, and to be destroyed, if England persevered in seeking a freer intercourse with the people, is, I think, untenable; that the Tartar authority might in time be shaken, or put aside, is not altogether improbable, but that would not affect the mass of the nation, except perhaps beneficially, by giving them an impetus and vivification which they have long required+.

The French plenipotentiary has obtained from the Chinese Government authority for any of the French ships of war to enter, refit, and visit any port in China; I think there is also an understanding that a French merchant-vessel may enter any port in China for recruitment. It is specially provided that if China and England be at war, or France and England, the ports of China are at all times to be opened to French vessels as friendly ships.

One of the best-informed men in China corroborated fully my views that democracy and despotism are co-exist in China, although the whole executive Government at Pekin is cast in an iron mould,--one mode of doing anything,-oue thought stereotyped. This makes the Chinese automatons: a Government man dare not move or think for himself, but must do as he is taught; so also his speech and behaviour. The study of ceremonial is the most important duty of life. Centralization is the leading principle of the Government. Anything like a military power in China would end in the destruction of the Government; lawless armed bands would spring up, and raise the military above the literary. The law is therefore the great weapon of Government, and the most powerful instrument of revenge, malice, and hatred in the people. Women, when they dislike their hus-

434

REPORT ON CHUSAN.

But the assertion, even if substantially correct, would be no justi- fication for our resigning Chusan; our occupation of that island could not accelerate the dissolution of the Chinese empire, on the contrary, it might be made the means of retarding such an event; and even should it occur, our position near the Yang-tze-kiang would enable us to retain any commerce we had established, and to carry on the tea trade, should it be driven from Canton.

In conclusion, there are, I respectfully submit, many cogent argu- ments of the highest state policy for our continued and permanent occupation of Chusan, and but one reason assigned for its evacuation in December 1845, namely, that we have promised to do so on the fulfilment of the terms of the treaty of Nankin. But have these terms been fulfilled in the letter and spirit in which they were framed by the British+? Has diplomacy lost all power, that it cannot be exercised in the intervening period assigned for the evacuation?

I am ready, if required, to lay before Her Majesty's Ministers my reasons

bands, commit suicide in such a manner that their spouses may be charged with murder. The police and Tartar troops hold the lower classes in complete subjec- tion. The whole system has been aptly compared to a railroad carriage, which moves well so long as there is no impediment, but a pebble on the rail destroys all. Whatever be the result, the English and the other western nations have now become the pebble on the rail.

The humiliation of the Government of China has reduced to a low scale all the inferior grades of officials in their intercourse with foreigners; and we are cordially hated by the Tartars and all officials, who feel that the terror inspired, and the fame of the Mantchoos in particular, is entirely gone. The people at large, there- fore, have reaped great benefit from the change; there is now a certain acknow- ledgment of their rights, arbitrary oppressions and seizures are of much rarer occurrence, and the exactions are considerably reduced.

The Chinese Secretary who makes these remarks, proceeds to observe, that "It cannot be expected that the old system will stand long, because the shocks with which it has been assailed, and will be assailed, are rude and overwhelming, and the pressure from within and without fearful. Great and awful will be the crash- terrific the shaking. It is a mighty colossus, put together with much care, pro- tected by antiquity, by narrowmindedness, by old custom, by an extensive Govern- ment. But the foundation is undermined, and there is a cancer-worm eating its very supports.

"China has no serfs, and slavery only in name. The inhabitants are ready in devices, and unwearied in the execution. From such a nation great things may be expected. What they most want is the introduction of Christianity, founded upon individual conviction.

"Whatever now may happen, one or other foreign power will advocate the interests of one party, because China has ceased to be a terra incognita, and exhibited a large field for diplomatical skill, so that the foreign influence of some nation will grow with its own helplessness. How much soever this state of things may be deprecated, how much soever the Chinese Government may be averse to such an intercourse, there appears to be no alternative. With Great Britain's commanding position at Chusan, however, even if Pekin becomes another Con- stantinople, she will always command respect and realize her wishes.

An impulse has now been given to the whole empire, such as it never before received. No retrogression is practicable. It is for us to determine whether the future shall be in our favour or otherwise."

+ The attacks on British subjects at Canton, Foochoofoo, &c.-the refusal to open the city of Canton-the subtle evasions of the spirit of the treaty and the constant correspondence carried on for the last twelve months by Governor Davis and the Consuls of Her Britannic Majesty with the Chinese authorities, substan- tially prove the truth of this remark.-March, 1846.

HONG KONG AND CHUSAN COMPARED.

for entertaining a strong opinion that, without any violation of the treaty of Nankin, and without any fraud or force, Chusan may be retained and become, as it assuredly would, one of the most valuable and important colonies of the British Crown.

R. M. MARTIN.

Friday, August 30, 1844.

Remarks on Sir Henry Pottinger's reasons for retaining Hong Kong and rejecting Chusan, stated at the Manchester Dinner, 20th December, 1844 *.-(Transmitted to Lord Stanley.)

I. "I cannot say that Hong Kong was selected by me." [SIR H. POTTINGER.]-In the Draft Treaty† sent out to China from the Foreign Office, printed, there was a blank after the word "islands." Sir Henry Pottinger had only to name the word Chusan, and England would have obtained that valuable possession; or he might have written after islands Hong Kong and Chusan. When Captain Elliot temporarily located at Hong Kong we had not occupied Chusan; Sir Henry Pottin- ger had resided on both islands then in our possession, and made Hong Kong as his choice. Several of Sir H. Pottinger's suite, officers, and friends had selected Hong Kong, and secured the most valuable sites for building previous to the Treaty of Nankin, viz., Lieut.-Colonel Malcolm, his Secretary, and Mr. Woosnam, his Doctor; Mr. Johnston, Deputy Superintendent and Lieut.-Governor; Major Caine, &c. The Malcolm, Morgan, and Ochterlony bazaars were then, and are still, the best positions and property in Hong Kong.

II.

If the two places, Hong Kong and Chusan, were at my dis- posal to-morrow, I should prefer Hong Kong."--I do not think there is one disinterested person, who has seen both islands, who would give the preference to a small, barren, unhealthy, traffickless rock-producing nothing-commanding nothing, not even the mouth of the Canton river -devoid of European or native commerce-with a thieving, piratical population, and situated disadvantageously at the southern end of China,

* See "Times" dated London, 23rd December, 1844.

495

+ The treaty of Nankin verbatim, nearly as executed, was originally prepared at

the Board of Trade department, by the late Lord Sydenham and Mr. Deacon Hume,

to whom the points were given by certain merchants in the city of London.

HONG KONG AND

as compared with a large, fertile, salubrious, healthy, and richly-culti- vated island, yielding abundance of food and produce admirably adapted for a commercial entrepôt with Japan, Corea, Mantchouria, Northern and Central China, &c.-commanding the entrance of the great Yang-tze-kiang-contiguous to the richest and most civilized and densely-peopled districts of China-containing a numerous, peaceful, civil, industrious, thriving agricultural population-and most advan- tageously situate at the central part of the coast-line of an empire 2000 miles long.

III. "I am quite sure, to have retained Chusan would have been a heavy expense to Great Britain."--Chusan, if not burthened with an unnecessarily large civil establishment, would defray all its expenses the first year. 100,000 fixed agricultural and trading inhabitants could easily contribute 2s. 6d. per annum, or even 5s. per head-12,000l. to 25,000l. a-year. Hong Kong has not one respectable Chinese inha- bitant, out of 15,000 to 20,000; they are coolies, pedling traders, and thieves. Even with the aid of enormously high land-rents from Europeans, and with an immense Government expenditure for the last four years, at least, for building, it is difficult, if not impossible, to raise 12,000% or 15,000l. a-year revenue; and of this, the expected rent from building-lots constitutes more than two-thirds. The police and police magistrates' expenses alone are about 10,000l. a-year, although there is a large garrison, European and native, and a fleet of ships of war in the harbour. At Chusan, the whole police expenses are not 5007. a-year.

The civil cost of Hong Kong alone is about 50,000l. per annum, the military about 150,000l., and the naval about 100,000l. On a low computation, this useless rock drains from the British exchequer a quarter of a million sterling, without being of the slightest benefit to England.

IV. "Chusan would have brought Government into constant unplea- sant discussion with the Chinese; for it is needless to deny that, though the people are quite obedient to their own mandarins, yet with strangers they are extremely troublesome."-The advantageous distance of Chusan from the main land removes the possibility of collision with the Chinese Government; whereas Hong Kong, being within one mile of the main land, is better calculated to lead to this apprehended but very remote contingency.

CHUSAN COMPARED.

The people of China are not obedient to their own mandarins, as is supposed. In Canton and Foochoo the mandarins acknowledge they cannot control the populace; but at Chusan, the inhabitants are attached to our rule, anxious for its continuance, submissive and civil wherever we go scrupulously honest*. Not a homicide has been committed in the island since it has been in our possession; but very few petty larcenies, and the property generally recovered; not a row, a tumult, or the slightest symptom of discontent or of dissatisfaction. The English residents are much pleased with the inhabitants. At Hong Kong, robberies and piracies are of nightly † occurrence; and after five years' residence on the island, and with the protection of a large police and military and extensive naval force, no European retires to rest without pistols under his pillow or on his toilet table.

R. M. MARTIN.

• The following is an extract from the letter of a traveller in the East, dated October 17, 1844 :-

"I left that pleasant spot (Chusan) with many feelings of regret. As my first abode, there were many pleasing associations connected with it, and I shall always look back to my long residence there as one of the most happy periods of my life. We continued on the best possible terms with the people; no community could be more peaceable than that of Chusan, and nowhere could life and property be more The whole island presents one scene of honest industry, and the happiness of well-requited labour." Times, London, 17th December, 1844.

secure.

+ The Hong Kong newspapers teem with descriptions of robberies almost nightly. To this is now added incendiarism. The following extract from the "Hong Kong Register," is a fair specimen of the daring character of the attacks :-

"About half-past one this (Monday) morning a room in the hospital was broken into, and money and goods to a considerable value carried away. The thieves in this, as in most of the robberies that have occurred, must have been well acquainted with the premises. Mr. Cowan, the assistant, was wakened by the crash of the venetians being wrenched off; after which fire-balls were thrown in to illuminate the room, which was immediately filled with robbers, and stripped of everything portable, after which they made off, without disturbing the adjoining apartments. On making his escape, Mr. Cowan endeavoured in vain to attract the attention of the sentinel stationed at the foot of the hill; and failing in this, gave the alarm at Dr. Anderson's; but so expeditious were the parties, that by this time all trace of them was lost. The watchman at Dr. Hobson's saw about fifty take to a boat on the small piece of beach lying between the two hills.

"The almost nightly occurrence of such events, call loudly for a more efficient system of police. One of the first requisites of a Government is to afford protec- tion to the life and property of the subjects. No lengthened dissertation is required to show how completely, in this latter respect, we are here left unprotected. We should like to know how many Europeans on the island sleep every night without loaded fire-arms either under their pillow or within their immediate reach-and the answer, if obtained, would prove sufficiently the degree of confidence placed in our policemen,"

496

HONG KONG AND

CHUSAN COMPARED.

497

No. IV. To C. E. Trevelyan, Esq., Assistant Secretary to the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury.

Sir,

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,

November 14, 1844.

I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith a copy of a letter which I addressed to you on the 20th September, 1844, accompanying my Report on the Island of Chusan. The maps explanatory of that report, were not then copied; and I have now the honour to forward them in this inclosure.

The necessity for the retention of Chusan as a British colony is now being fully acknowledged by all persons whose judgments are not biassed by their individual interests.

Moreover, it has been recently shown that the Chinese have the power, in twenty-four hours, to cut off all supplies from this barren rock, and to stop all labour here.

For forty-eight hours no work was done in Hong Kong, and the markets were empty.

It was only by rescinding the Registration Ordinance (No. 16 of 21st August, 1844,) that labour was resumed, the shops re-opened, and the markets again supplied with the daily food required by the inhabitants of Victoria.

I adhere to every statement which I made in my Report on Hong Kong, which has been transmitted by Mr. Davis to Lord Stanley.

The mortality is still very great: of the troops, six men died in one day last week; the Chief Justice (who has lost his eldest daughter) was at the point of death, and is now slowly recovering; the Colonial Secretary (Hon. F. W. A. Bruce) has with difficulty been saved, and is still an invalid on board Her Majesty's ship "Castor;" the Auditor, Mr. Shelley, has also had fever, and is gone to Macao for conva- lescence; the Colonial Engineer is just recovered from fever. I have had two chief clerks since my arrival,-one is dead, the other dying.

There is no perceptible commerce but that of opium; very few vessels in the harbour, and the tea trade at Canton is as perfectly independent of Hong Kong as if the island did not exist.

I yesterday furnished Commissary-General Coffin with an estimate of the sum of money which I will require from him for the ensuing

year, viz., 150,000l.; this is independent of the expensive outlay now being incurred by Major Aldrich, of the engineers, on various works.

I would again respectfully intreat their Lordships' consideration of the inutility of this large expenditure of the public money on Hong Kong, and of the necessity of diminishing its establishments to a scale com- mensurate with the wants and circumstances of the island.

No money, talent, or energy can ever make Hong Kong worthy the name of a British colony. Its decided insalubrity, incapability of forti- fications, precarious means of supply, distance from the scene of any future belligerent operations (the Yang-tze-kiang), and powerlessness

any

efficient check and control over the Chinese Government, render the island utterly worthless for military purposes.

The absence of trade is now beginning to make the few merchants who have built houses here repent of their outlay, and some have even said they would cheerfully undergo the loss of their capital invested in buildings if the seat of the British Government were transferred to Chusan. Unfortunately, several gentlemen who have been in China, and who are now in England, hold land and houses here, and it is to be expected that their opinions will be given adversely as regards the transference of the seat of the British Government from Hong Kong to Chusan.

There is no possibility of raising a revenue in this barren rock exceeding 12,000l. per annum, and several years must elapse before this sum can be permanently obtained; the question then naturally arises, what advantage does England derive from expending 100,000l. per annum here for mere civil disbursements, irrespective of the cost of military and naval establishments?

I am ready to prove, on the most incontrovertible evidence, to Her Majesty's Ministers, that neither commercially, financially, politically, or socially, can there be any justifiable grounds whatever for this expenditure.

Whatever public character I may possess, I am prepared to stake it on the issue of this subject; and should Her Majesty's Ministers deem my views erroneous, I am also prepared to incur the sacrifice of my position as one of Her Majesty's servants.

I cannot conscientiously continue to receive the salary awarded to my office and remain silent, when I perceive that a great error has been committed, and that England is under the delusion of being engaged in founding a colony on the frontiers of China which will be a permanent

498

HONG KONG AND

advantage to her trade-a lasting credit to her character-and a powerful means of establishing and of extending her civilizing influence over one-third of the human race.

While viewing our trade with China as one of vast importance, I cannot forget that there are other subjects of equal if not of superior consideration.

Happily these subjects are not antagonistic, but collateral: what- ever gives political power and Christian influence to England in China, affords the means of expanding her commerce, and of strengthening her intercourse with the myriads of industrious and intelligent people, on whose shores she is now irrevocably established.

The position which England has assumed, the treaty which she has forced on China, (which has thus been opened to all Europe and America,) and the shock which the late war has given to the Tartar Government, and which may probably end in the dismemberment, if not destruction, of the Tartar empire of China, all indicate the great responsibility we have incurred.

England cannot remain passive in China-there, as elsewhere, she must advance or recede; the latter is impossible; and the former, if uncontrouled, will plunge her into the greatest difficulties. The abandonment of Chusan, in December, 1845, and the retention of Hong Kong as the sole settlement of Great Britain in China, will, ere long, by the force of peculiar circumstances, lead to our territorial occupancy on the main land of China; a measure greatly to be deprecated and condemned.

But by our retention of Chusan island there could be no excuse for seeking a continental occupancy: it is large, fertile, salubrious, well peopled, and admirably situated for commercial, military, maritime, and social purposes.

Abundant scope would thus be given for developing the energies of Great Britain, and remove all plea of necessity for establishing ourselves on the main land.

Whether China be a foe or a friend, England, by the occupation of Chusan, would be prepared to defend or to aid, as circumstances might demand. Whether war or peace prevailed in Europe, equally advan- tageous would be our position to resist an enemy, or to encourage the trade of the western world.

The permanent occupation of Chusan by England involves so many considerations of the highest importance, that I trust their Lordships

CHUSAN COMPARED.

will excuse the earnestness with which I seek their immediate and deep investigation of the question; and that they will be pleased to over- look any strong expressions which I may have used in my reports on Hong Kong and on Chusan.

Twenty years have been devoted to an investigation of the colonies of England, and I trust their Lordships will deem that the long study of this vast subject, and the personal examination of many of our transmarine possessions, have qualified me to form and to express an early opinion on the British position in China.

If the sentiments I have endeavoured to convey relative to the utter inutility of a large governmental expenditure on Hong Kong, and to the great importance in every point of view of permanently occupying Chusan, be productive of the desired result, I shall have the satisfac- tion of feeling that I have endeavoured to do my duty, and I hope in some degree to justify the confidence reposed in me.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN,

Col. Treasurer.

No. V.-To the Right Hon. Sir R. Peel, Bart., First Lord of the

Treasury.

Sir,

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,

November 14, 1844.

I MOST respectfully solicit your early perusal and consideration of two reports which I have prepared on the islands of Hong Kong and Chusan.

Governor Davis has transmitted the "Report on Hong Kong" to Lord Stanley, and the "Report on Chusan" to the Earl of Aberdeen. I have transmitted copies of these reports to Mr. Trevelyan, the Assistant Secretary to the Treasury, with an explanatory letter of this date.

When Lord Stanley did me the honour of selecting me for the duties of Treasurer, I believe his Lordship expected that any information I acquired here should be devoted solely to Her Majesty's service.

In fulfilment of what I deemed my duty, I collected all the facts bearing on the present position and future prospects of Hong Kong;

F 2

499

HONG KONG AND

and while at Chusan, on sick certificate, I examined into the value of that island.

These inquiries have produced on my mind a strong conviction of the inutility of Hong Kong as a British colony, and of the necessity of retaining Chusan, if we desire to preserve peace with China, to secure our trade, and to extend our influence.

The expenditure from the British Treasury on this coast is about half a million sterling per annum ; and of this sum the civil expenditure on Hong Kong alone is upwards of one hundred thousand pounds sterling per annum.

I have in vain sought for any justifiable reason, either as regards the existing state of the island, or any rational expectation as to the future, which can sanction a civil expenditure on this barren, useless, unhealthy rock, of more than 10,0007. or 15,000l. per annum.

The possession of Hong Kong is not of the slightest aid to the tea trade at Canton.

The presence of a single ship of war, one of Her Majesty's frigates or steam-vessels at Whampoa would be a more effectual protection to the tea trade and commerce of Canton, than any army or force that could be established at Hong Kong, which protects nothing, produces nothing, and may within thirty-four hours have its daily supplies of food entirely cut off by even the Chinese resident on the island, as has been shown during the past fortnight, when the markets were emptied, the shops shut, and all labour stopped for forty-eight hours, until an obnoxious Government ordinance (No. 16, of 21 August, 1844) was rescinded.

My opinion of the worthlessness of this rock is confirmed by the entire absence of trade, after three and a-half years continued British occupation, and an immense expenditure for civil, military, and naval disbursements; by the dreadful waste of life-for, according to Major General D'Aguilar, one European regiment will be entirely destroyed by death within the space of three years; by the incapability of forti- fying the island at almost any expense if a garrison could be kept alive, or if there were a necessity of defending anything-or commanding any point or pass of the slightest value; by the impossibility of raising a revenue to defray one-tenth of the amount of the mere civil expen- diture; and by the failure of all attempts to induce any class of respectable Chinese to settle here with their families.

An examination of the Map of China will show that Hong Kong is situated at the extremity of a line of coast extending nearly 2000

CHUSAN COMPARED.

miles; that its geographical position is disadvantageous for even com- manding the wide entrance or estuary of the Canton river; and that the navigation of the entire China seas from north to south, is entirely independent of Hong Kong.

The adjacent main land, nearly as rugged, rude, and barren, as the island, is occupied by a scanty but hostile population, of predatory habits, and devoid of the civilization and peaceful commercial character of the people to the northward.

Should, unfortunately, another war take place between England and China, the seat of belligerent operations would be the Yang-tze-kiang river, and not that of Canton.

The distance of Hong Kong from the Yang-tze-kiang, and the difficulty of proceeding thither with a large armanent in the cold and practicable season during the north-east monsoon, demonstrates its valuelessness for military or nautical purposes.

As a commercial station Hong Kong is a decided failure, from the landing of Captain Elliot here in January, 1841, to the present moment, there has been no Chinese trade; no European or native craft attracted hither for mercantile gain; Mr. Davis is unwilling to impose even a small tonnage or harbour duty, lest the few European vessels that now touch here might be deterred from entering*.

As regards social influence, or Christian principles, their dissemi- nation in China through Hong Kong is utterly impossible. The island is a receptacle for any thief, pirate, or robber, who can escape from the main land; and in the worst penal settlement life and property are more secure than in this island. It was only yesterday that an ordi- nance passed the Legislative Council, enabling the Governor to pro- claim martial law in any part of the island, with a view to the imme- diate destruction of bands of robbers and pirates. Taking every point into consideration, and examining it in the most favourable aspect, I

* We have no native merchants settled in the colony; neither is produce imported, nor goods exported, to any of the five ports, except it be on British account; and all mercantile transactions are concluded at these ports, whilst the harbour of Hong Kong is completely deserted. Not an anchor of a junk is dropped in the bay of Hong Kong; they flee from it as man would from a pesti- lence.

Hong Kong, a free port, is deprived of all trade further than the transshipment of goods, and a supply of articles for local consumption, the commissions upon which would barely pay the expenses of a first class mercantile establishment.-(Extract from editorial article in the "Friend of China, and Hong Kong Gazette," No. 185, for November 1844.)

HONG KONG AND

cannot discern any one advantage which England gains by the reten- tion of an island which can never become a colony, a commercial port, or a fortress.

If left with a superintendent, a small local corps of Malays as a police force, a ship of war in the harbour, and with a municipal power in the inhabitants to assess themselves for police, &c., the British flag might remain and time would show whether, under the most perfect freedom, Hong Kong would be ought but an opium depôt.

I am aware that the view here taken of Hong Kong will be opposed by several gentlemen now in England, but whose opinions must neces- sarily be influenced by their being owners of houses and building loca- tions on this rock, from which considerable profits are derived. Some also, unwilling to acknowledge an error in judgment, and others fearful of losing in position, income, or property, will object to a transfer of the seat of Government from Hong Kong to Chusan; or to any reduc- tion of the large Government expenditure on Hong Kong. But their opinions will, I doubt not, be considered with due caution, as are those of all men whose sentiments are guided by their immediate personal interest, or by those motives which almost imperceptibly bias the judgment.

If a Commission were appointed, I doubt not that Her Majesty's Government would obtain full and impartial statements on Hong Kong and on Chusan. My report on Chusan will, I trust, tend to demons- trate that the qualities which are wanting to make Hong Kong a British colony are all to be found at Chusan.

Its geographical position at the central point and to windward of the coast of China-opposite the great Yang-tze-kiang river within twenty-four hours' communication with Nankin and the other large cities and towns on the borders of that vast artery of the Chinese empire, whose trade may thereby be immediately and effectually con- trolled; its proximity to the Peiho and Yellow rivers; its secure haven and spacious harbours around; the ample size, great fertility, numerous agricultural population, healthy climate, capability of contributing a revenue to meet an adequate civil establishment, and perfect adaptation for a naval and military station-all indicate its importance as a position by which England can maintain peaceful relations, and at the same time develope her trade with China, with Japan, Corea, Mantchouria, and the neighbouring islands.

These, and various other considerations, all point out the advantage

CHUSAN COMPARED.

of our being permanently established at Chusan, whence a single war- steamer could, in twenty-four hours, be prepared to stop the fleet of 6000 grain junks, bearing each 2000 peculs of grain, valued at 2 dollars per pecul, or the 24,000,000 taels of silver which annually pass the Yang-tze-kiang to Pekin, and thus avoid the grievous calamity of another war.

I have endeavoured, Sir, briefly, though I fear very imperfectly, to bring this subject under your earnest and early examination, because I know of no question connected with the eastern hemisphere which involves higher considerations for England, particularly if we reflect that the condition of one-third of the human race is interested therein, and that a weighty and solemn responsibility rests on England with regard to her position in China.

1 believe it to be for the interest of China, more than even for that of England, that Chusan were a British colony; and that but a brief period will elapse ere the Celestial Government, whether Tartar or Chinese, will rejoice that they have a powerful, equitable, and friendly nation so adjacent to their shores,-one whose main object is peaceful and profitable commerce,--who desire no territorial aggrandizement,- and whose best interests are identified with the tranquillity, prosperity, and independence of the Government of China.

The dispatch of an Ambassador Extraordinary, of high rank and of tried ability, to the Court of China, would (especially at the present moment) be productive of beneficial results, and well worthy any ex- pense which might be incurred. The permanent cession of Chusan to England might be one of the primary objects of such a mission; but to be successful, no person who has been formerly connected with trade, either individually or on behalf of the East India Company at Canton, should be the representative of his Sovereign--even if he possessed the statesman-like qualifications necessary to the mission, and which is exceedingly difficult for any man who has been the greater part of his life at Canton, keeping records or supplying the tea trade, to possess.

By diplomatic policy,--peaceful relations, advantageous intercourse, and a secure, profitable, and commanding position on the coast of China, may be accomplished. But the evacuation of Chusan, in December, 1845, will, in my opinion, be the precursor of a disastrous state of affairs for British interests in China.

I am ready to undergo the expense and fatigue of a journey over- land to England, and also the sacrifice of half my salary-if six months

500

FRENCH PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.

leave of absence be granted me-in order that I may personally sub- stantiate the information which I have acquired; and should Her Majesty's Ministers deem my views erroneous, and that I have erred in seeking this leave of absence, I am also prepared to incur the loss of my official appointment.

Any suffering or degradation would be preferable to witnessing the pursuance of an erroneous policy, fraught with great injury to England, but which may be averted by prompt, judicious, and timely measures.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

FRENCH PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.

No. VI. To the Right Hon. Sir R. Peel, Bart., First Lord of the Treasury.

Sir,

Hong Kong, December 21, 1844.

I BEG leave to inclose herewith a duplicate of a letter which I had the honour of addressing to you on the 14th ultimo.

Subsequent to the dispatch of my letter of that date, M. Lagréné, Special Minister from France to China, visited Hong Kong. I have had several diplomatic conversations with his Excellency M. Lagréné, and they have impressed on my mind a decided conviction that a secret understanding has been established between M. Lagréné and Keying, the Chinese Minister, and that great favours are to be conferred on France by the Chinese Government. I am corroborated in this opinion by information derived from a different source to that on which my opinion was originally founded. I stated to M. Lagréné that I under- stood a secret alliance, offensive and defensive, was being formed between the French and Chinese Governments, and he did not deny the truth of the rumour. 1 also stated that I was informed the French Government were, with the tacit and secret consent of the Chinese Government, to occupy and retain Chusan after our abandonment of that island in December, 1845; and M. Lagréné, although hard pressed for a denial, did not meet the allegation with a positive negative.

It would be difficult to explain in a letter the details and the nature my conferences with M. Lagréné; they have, however, left no doubt

mind as to the intentions of the French Government.

on my

Pekin may be made the Constantinople of the East as regards

FRENCH PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.

501

political intrigue; and M. Lagréné (who was for twelve years stationed at St. Petersburgh) is well aware that a secret and special Russian Envoy is now in the Chinese capital*. In the course of our conversa-

* There can be little doubt that the Tartar Government of China, from inclina- tion as well as from circumstances, are still as ready to deceive us and break faith, as they did with Captain Elliot in 1839-40. Keshen, the imperial plenipoten- tiary, deputed as third member of the cabinet of Pekin, to deal with the 66 western barbarians," at the very moment when he was professing the greatest friendship to the English (as Keying is now doing), wrote a memorial to the Emperor, urging a temporizing with us, while he was arranging, as he thought, the means for our destruction, previous to the battle at the Bogue forts, 23rd February, 1840. This celebrated memorial is equally applicable to the present state of affairs; for, accord- ing to the expression of the Chinese statesman, "the rat (i. e. the English) has now got his tail in a trap" (i. e. at Hong Kong).

Keshen implored the Emperor to accede to the request made by the English (Captain Elliot was then urging the cession of Hong Kong), for, he added,

"thus shall we lay the foundation of victory hereafter, by binding and curbing the foreigners now, while we prepare the means of cutting them off at some future period."

The Tartars are now acting on the advice of Keshen, and they are quite ready if a favourable opportunity occurred to do so. The Marquis de Ferrière, secretary of legation to the French Embassy in China, informed me "that the cabinet of Pekin are well aware that the French and English are rival nations, and had often been at war; the policy of Keying and the cabinet was therefore to play off one nation against the other."

When Monsieur Lagréné, the plenipotentiary from the King of the French, arrived at Macao, Keying sent a mandarin of high rank, and in full state, with his (Key- ing's) picture and a letter, saying that the picture represented him in the robes in which he was wont to appear before his own sovereign. (Sir H. Pottinger, as the representative of the Queen of England, and Mr. Cushing, as the representative of the United States Government, both also received portraits from Keying, but in a costume far inferior to that given to M. Lagréné. It is thus Chinese diplomacy marks the degree of estimation in which a person is held.)

On the ensuing day Keying, attended by a very large retinue, and in the most marked and ostentatious manner, visited M. Lagréné at Macao; and on his intro- duction said, "I am delighted to receive, on the part of the Emperor, the represen- tative of the great French King." To this M. Lagréné replied that he was equally delighted to receive the enlightened minister of the Emperor, and that he had been deputed to frame a commercial treaty. At these words Keying, with great anima- tion said, "no, no~~ -you have no trade with us; you are not a trading nation, but you are a grand nation; we understand each other, and shall be good friends." At several of the subsequent interviews between Keying and M. Lagréné, no other person was allowed to be present but the interpreter, M. Callery.

When the arrangements were concluded, M. Lagréné required that the terms should be ratified within the Chinese territory, and not at Macao; Keying and M. Lagrene therefore proceeded within the Bogue forts in a French war steamer. It was night on their arrival there. The whole of the hills were lit up with fires each embrasure at every fort had men standing with large flaming torches; huge lanterns were suspended around; crowds of junks were in like manner lit up,

FRENCH PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.

tion M. Lagréné evinced an anxiety for our evacuation of Chusan, far greater than my anxiety for its retention. In June next M. Lagréné purports visiting Chusan and the northern districts of China; it is not his intention to leave this coast until after we have evacuated Chusan.

We have committed several errors in our colonial system, as illus- trated by the evacuation of Java and of Manila; these, however, were commercial and territorial, rather than political, mistakes; but the abandonment of Chusan in December, 1845, will, I have no doubt, cause us much trouble and disaster, and at no distant day another war with China, which it is our duty, as well as our policy, by every just and reasonable means, to avert.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

illumining the horizon; incessant salvos of artillery from the numerous forts rever- berated from hill to hill; and the whole scene had a most dazzling and surprising effect.

Keying, who sat on the deck of the French steamer, between M. Lagréné and his beautiful and accomplished wife, surrounded by a brilliant and numerous suite of French diplomatic and naval officers, preserved, for a long time, a thoughtful silence, and appeared much depressed. When the signing of the documents was concluded he at length said " see! the heavens and the earth rejoice at the compact." Key- ing then relapsed into taciturnity, and remained so for half an hour, as if pondering in his mind the part he had been playing, or the step about to be taken, as one of a very serious nature, and totally different from a mere commercial treaty. Then turning to M. Lagréné, as if in continuation of some mental thought, he said with considerable emphasis, "the people may be dissatisfied, but the two Governments must do their duty at any hazard or sacrifice."

An idea has been adroitly instilled into the mind of Keying and the Tartar Govern- ment, that France is an intellectual power, animated by the purest and noblest ideas; and that England is a trading country, whose chief object is gain-a character that stands very low in the estimation of the Chinese Government and people. M. Lagréné, in addition to a large naval force of some of the finest frigates and steamers in the service of France, had an able, numerous, and brilliant corps diplo- matique in his suite, and was most efficiently supported by Admiral Cécille, an officer of high repute, most engaging manners, and who accompanied our fleet to Nankin (as a neutral) in his own frigate. The French mission to China is also accompanied by shrewd, intelligent, representatives of the cotton, linen, wool, silk, and other trades. The Chinese mandarins were surprised at the beautiful and choice specimens of glass, tapestry, house-paper, bijouterie, and Parisian manufactures of every descrip- tion. Artists with the daguerrotype, electrotype, &c., astonished the mandarins; and every effort has been made, with great tact, to induce the Chinese to view France with admiration. On the other hand, Keying, the Chinese plenipotentiary, and Wang, the Governor of Canton, have endeavoured to magnify China in the eyes

of the French; and a negotiation was commenced for the introduction of French engineers into the service of the Emperor of China, to work the mines under a contract. It was also proposed to have a French ambassador stationed perman- ently at Pekin, to which M. Lagréné offered to proceed in 1844, if Mr. Cushing, the American minister, would accompany him.

Sir,

EXAMINATION OF POLICY NECESSARY.

No. VII.-To his Excellency J. F. Davis, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary.

75 502

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,

April 19, 1845.

ANXIOUSLY Solicitous for the welfare and perpetuity of the British empire, and accustomed for several years to examine the policy of England with foreign States, I have been induced to prepare a minute on the "British Position and Prospects in China."

This minute I have now the honour to lay before your Excellency, with my respectful request that you will be pleased to transmit it along with this letter to the Secretary of State.

In this minute, as well as in my reports on Hong Kong and Chusan, I have ventured to impugn the policy pursued in China by the predecessor of your Excellency. Whatever effect this free com- ment and exposition of public acts may have on my personal interests is of little moment compared with the evil which, in my opinion, a non- rectification of those acts is capable of inflicting on England.

Neither as a servant of the crown, nor as a private individual, can I surrender my right of judgment on the public conduct of

any public man; nor do I think that any personage, however exalted, or however infallible he may be deemed, can claim an exemption from that fair and open criticism which is the privilege and advantage of a free State. I do not think that the high character for manliness and integrity which Sir H. Pottinger is reputed to possess, would make him wish to stifle an examination of his policy, if the object of that examination be, as mine has been, the advantage of the common weal*.

The impartial examination and discussion of a line of public policy, operating at a distance of 15,000 miles from the seat of Government, is essentially necessary to enable Her Majesty's Ministers to form a

* These observations were made in consequence of Governor Davis having cen- sured me for venturing to impugn, in my Report on Hong Kong, the policy pursued by Sir Henry Pottinger,-as "Her Majesty's Government had expressed their high approbation of the several details and representations with which they had been furnished by Sir H. Pottinger, connected with the colony, and some of the expressions in my report might be construed into reflections on that dis- tinguished officer." I believe there is not an English merchant in China who dis- sents from the opinions I have expressed in my reports, and I know there are many in England who now entertain very different ideas respecting our position in China, from those with which they were imbued a year ago.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

BRITISH POSITION

correct and stable judgment on the important interests involved in the present position and future prospects of England in China; and if I am singular in the opinions I have formed, and stand alone in opposi- tion to the high approbation which, I think, has been erroneously given to the past system of policy, I feel regret at being compelled to diff r from those who are my superiors, and for whom publicly and privately I entertain a sincere respect. With an humble yet earnest hope that your Excellency will examine this minute, as regards its imperfections, with an indulgent yet enlarged and generous spirit, and that irrespec- tive of the past, or of individual considerations, you may be enabled, in accordance with your own patriotic feelings, to procure for England a more permanent and secure footing, and a more extended and beneficial intercourse, than we now enjoy in China,

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

77 503

conquered cities became in several instances scenes of plunder, desola- tion and anarchy,-commerce was interrupted, and inland communication

of lascars and camp-followers, was only sixty-nine in fifteen actions, during two years! This fact will indicate the tone of exaggeration which was purposely given to the whole of our measures in China.

British and Chinese loss, killed and wounded, during the war, from July 5, 1840, to July 21, 1842, according to the official despatches from the Commanders- in-chief of our army and navy. The killed in battle include soldiers, seamen, marines, sepoys, and camp-followers. The wounded ditto, and the slightest scratch was called a wound.

Date.

Name of Action.

British

and Indian force.

Chinese*.

Ordnance

Captured.

Inclosure in No. VII.

MINUTE ON THE BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

Ir is of great importance to examine our present novel and some- what anomalous position in China; to ascertain what are our prospects in various points of view; and to trace the line of policy which national interests, in combination with national responsibility, would indicate as the most advisable course to be pursued with reference to the mutual benefit of Great Britain and the vast Chinese empire.

For two centuries Britain carried on a restricted commercial inter- course with one port of China, through the medium of a well-organized mercantile company: China was politically isolated from all other nations, and our sole object was to maintain in peace a profitable trade, subject to the controul and not unfrequent interruption of a haughty, jealous, and exclusive Government.

Our open, extensive, and increasing prosecution of a traffic in a pro- hibited and pernicious drug was necessarily followed by violent acts on the part of a proud and determined viceroy, whose power was unequal to his will, and who resorted to the only means at his command for the forcible suppression of what was deemed by his sovereign a grievous evil, fraught with great injury and suffering to the people and country at large. The result was soon manifested: England, much against her inclination, was compelled to declare war against the Government of China; the Chinese, whether by sea or by land, were everywhere easily discomfited; the momentary fight was soon converted into an indis- criminate slaughter*; fire and suicide completed the dreadful havoc; the

*This is shown in the following table, where it will be seen that the total number killed of our soldiers (Europeans and sepoys), of our seamen and marines,

1841 Jan. 7

1840 July 5

Tinghae, Chusan

91 None None None Unknown.

Chuenpee fort (1)

War junks (1)

Tycocktow forts (2)

Feb. 25 Anunghoy batteries

and N. Wantong forts

None.

Immense.

about

300

None 5

5 500 very many

about

Mar. 18

May 25

Aug. 26

Feb. 27 Cambridge and war

junks Defences of Canton

City and heights of Do.

Amoy and defences

98 1

123 None

106 14

550 None

9 300 ditto ditto

about

400 ditto ditto

about about

112 126

1500 500 6500

→

Very se vere

Chusan

136

27 29

400 to 500 about

Oct.

Oct. 10 Chinghai citadel

Carried forward

150 3 16 19 150 Many.

*It is impossible to give the actual loss in killed and wounded of the Chinese. The official reports frequently advert to the "great loss," "dreadful slaughter," &c., of the enemy. The numbers here given are those mentioned in the British state- ments. After a careful examination, in China and in England, of various data, and from eye-witnesses of the engagements, I cannot estimate the Chinese loss at less than 18,000 or 20,000 killed and wounded. Most of the wounded perished, unless where kindly attended to by the truly Christian spirit that ever pervades our medical officers in the army and navy.

Killed.

Wounded.

Total.

Killed.

Wounded.

Total.

فی نے ہی کا

504

BRITISH POSITION

cut off, and finally the Chinese Government was compelled to sue for peace, and to pay the whole of the then estimated expenses of the war; to permit resort to four other ports as well as to Canton; to reduce their customs duties and port charges; and to cede an island to Great Britain, on which a colonial establishment could be maintained for the protection of British commerce, for the development of civilization on the frontiers of the Chinese empire, and which would not only serve as a guarantee for the future, but which would aid in preserving peace between the two countries.

British and Chinese loss, &c.-(continued).

Date.

Name of Action.

Brought forward

1842

Mar. 9 Ningpo, night attack

Mar. 10 Chinghai, ditto

Ordnance

Captured.

British

and Indian force.

Killed.

Wounded.

Total.

Killed.

Chinese.

Wounded.

Total.

about

None None None

Mar. 15

Tsekee (Segoan)

22 25

800

May 18 Chapoo

13 52 65

1000 to

500 Very great about

Ma ny.

1000

1500

June 16

Woosung batteries

250

2 25 27 200 to

250

June 19 Shanghai

49 None None None

Unknown.

July 21 Chinkeangfoo

30 126 156

Total

2118

69 451 520

REMARKS.

Slaughter terrific.

Estimated at 18,000 to 20,000

The

* *

(1 and 2) The general tone of the despatches during the war may be illustrated by the following words from the official reports on the actions: "The Chinese have suffered severely; their loss, including that on board the war junks, cannot be estimated at less than 500 to 600, out of a force calculated at 2000 men. slaughter in the lower fort, when carried by storm, was considerable."

The loss of the enemy, from the number of killed lying in every direction, must have been most severe.' * * * "The service has been performed with trifling loss on the part of Her Majesty's forces."

* "The loss on our side has been small, and would have been less but for the explosion of an expense magazine in the fort, after capture."-(General Orders, Fort William, February 24, 1841; and Sir Gordon Bremer's despatches.)

Thus it will be seen that the British forces, army and navy, had not one man killed, and but for the magazine explosion, which was accidental, there would not have been a dozen wounded, even slightly. The killed alone of the Chinese is supposed to have been at least five hundred men in the action! This may be viewed as a fair sample of the whole Chinese war.

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

English interests are now therefore irrevocably interwoven with those of China; we hold the largest stake at issue as regards her peaceful prosperity and national independence; and whatever strengthens our power, extends our commerce, and permanently enlarges our influ- ence, is equally beneficial to China and to England. Other nations have since come forward to claim a participation in the concessions obtained by Britain: treaties have been arranged with the United States and with France; and China for the first time has entered into the social compact which kingdoms, as well as individuals, find necessary for their protection, and which, rightly understood, is indispensable to their tranquillity and to their improvement.

The far-seeing politician must therefore admit, that sooner or later China (whose inhabitants it is estimated number one-third of the human race) will exercise an important influence on the affairs of Europe. How this influence will be primarily manifested, whether through India or through Russia, or by reason of European nations contending for a dominant power in this immense empire, it seems impossible to predicate; but this much is evident, that no nation is so deeply interested in the "Chinese Question" as Britain; that this interest must daily increase, on political, maritime, and mercantile considerations; and that a solemn responsibility has devolved on Great Britain in relation to China, which cannot be neglected without involving serious and perhaps irretrievable calamities.

There probably never was a period in our history when greater civil, intellectual, and moral efforts were necessary for the preservation And it is of our position among competitive surrounding nations. advantageous for us that these efforts should be made. Britain cannot remain stationary; she must either retrograde or advance: happily her advancement, rightly directed, is beneficial to all mankind, by enabling her to maintain the peace of the world, to promote civilization, to reclaim the savage, to till the waste regions of the earth, and to fulfil her high vocation by a wide-spread dissemination of the inestimable blessings of Christianity.

A republic of nations is as utopian in the existing selfishness of mankind as a republic of individuals, and the elevation of one kingdom sufficiently supreme to protect weaker kingdoms, to preserve order, to uphold the reign of law, and to inculcate by precept and by example the duties which the possession of great power involves, is essential to the steady and triumphant progress of true civilization.

No nation is so well adapted for this supreme controul as Britain; by reason of her insularity, her tolerant religion, her free institutions, her distant and varied colonial possessions, her non-alliance with conti- nental intrigues, her obvious policy to maintain peace, and her maritime superiority, which leaves no desire for continental aggrandizement in Europe.

Whether these views be acquiesced in or not by other nations, it is equally the duty of Britain to maintain this supreme controul. To do so she must take fair advantage of every circumstance which may con- tribute to its maintenance, by extending her commerce, and by estab- lishing her influence in new and distant regions.

To this course of policy Britain is also urged by domestic consider- ations, namely, by the increasing pressure of population on the means

BRITISH POSITION

of subsistence; by the invention of machinery, which daily diminishes the demand for human labour; by a constant accumulation of capital which requires profitable investment; and by a general system of educa- tion, which, while elevating the whole of the nation, renders mere animal toil irksome, and demands a higher grade of occupation, at home or abroad, for the intelligent masses of society.

The premises thus set forth being granted, a statesman will survey the field on which he has to operate. He beholds in Europe and in America a career of successful competition with Britain in the manufac- tures and produce which the British empire can abundantly furnish; he sees little or no reciprocity of free trade; but on the contrary, the adoption of a more exclusive system; he ascertains that foreign manu- factures now not unfrequently displace our goods in distant markets, of which we had heretofore a complete monopoly..

To the British colonial possessions, and to new and unexplored regions, must England look for the increase of her commerce. The East and the West Indies, the Canadas, Australasia, and Africa, afford valuable and permanent markets within our controul; but, excepting India, their expansion is of slow growth, and inadequate to meet increasing exigencies; the opening, therefore, of the vast and populous territories on the borders of the Northern Pacific, is a matter of vital consequence to Britain.

Have we availed ourselves of the advantages which this opening affords? Have we not by a mistaken policy, and by a non-appreciation of the true interests of England, almost shut the door against ourselves which we had been so long anxious to open, and voluntarily excluded the British nation from a country where it is palpably our interest to have a decided permanent influence, and where by our science, inter- conrse, and commerce, we may exert a beneficial effect on many millions of mankind?

The solution of these questions is deserving of early and serious investigation.

At the close of a desolating and expensive war, in August, 1842, in a position to dictate our own terms, and when all negotiation was un- necessary and set aside by the Chinese authorities themselves*, the British plenipotentiary adopted the printed draft of a treaty framed in Downing-street, and sent out to Captain Elliot for his guidance at Canton. This treaty was prepared at a time when we were ignorant on various points connected with China, and great allowance must be made for its framers. Without therefore that diplomatic tact or foresight which an acquaintance with European policy, and British domestic, as well as foreign interests would have conveyed, and without reference to the new position in which we were at Nankin, and to the greater know- ledge we had obtained of the people and country in the north of China, we imposed only the terms sketched in the draft treaty, and filled up the blank after the word "islands" in the draft with "Hong Kong," and

It is perfectly well known that when Lieut.-Colonel Malcolm was sent on shore at Nankin, with the terms on which peace would be granted, the imperial Commissioner was surprised that so little was asked, and inquired, "Is that all ?" which being answered affirmatively, he immediately replied, "All shall be granted."

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

81 505

excluded Chusan-the only valuable island on the coast of China, adapted for the purposes which England ought to have had in view.

A primary condition of the treaty was the payment by the Chinese Government of a sum of money then deemed adequate to the expenses of the war; it is now, however, confidently stated by commissariat officers, that the sum of money thus obtained will not cover the mere pecuniary expenditure incurred by Great Britain, after paying for the alleged destruction of opium, for the Hong debts, and the prize-money to the army and navy, and irrespective of the loss of troops by sick- ness, each of whom costs the state 100%. But it having been agreed that the so-called indemnity money should be paid by the Chinese Government in half-yearly instalments, spreading over a period of three years and a half, the maintenance of a naval and military force in China, at a cost of nearly 500,000l. sterling annually, was deemed necessary. It can scarcely therefore be contended that the "indemnity money" was to the extent alleged of such great advantage, and that the British exchequer has not suffered considerable diminution by the war with China.

The next great advantage which it was supposed we had gained, was the establishment of four new ports for British trade, as named in the printed draft treaty sent from Downing-street.

Our obvious and natural policy was to cause every port in China to be opened to us, and to have obtained perfect freedom of ingress and egress to and from any city, town, or place in China, with secure guarantees for life and property, and the peaceable and unrestricted prosecution of commerce. This would have enabled our traders to seek out the best spots for mercantile settlements, and time and circum- stances would thus have indicated and proved the most suitable marts for extended traffic.

But if it had even been resolved to restrict the maritime trade to a few ports, in order that the Chinese customs' revenue might have been more readily collected, it was our duty to have selected very differeut ports from those which, through want of information, were selected in Downing-street, and which, at any rate, ought to have been preceded by a commission of inquiry as to their eligibility for European traffic.

Nankin, the great central mart of the Chinese empire,-Yang-choo- foo on the north bank, and Chin-kang-foo* on the south bank of the great Yang-tze-kiang, were neglected, together with the numerous cities and towns bordering on this vast artery, which it is said extends through the richest regions of China for 1800 miles; so also Chapoo, the port of Hang-chow, as large as Canton, and the seat of trade with Japan; Kaou-choo-foo on the northern, and Ting-choo-foo on the southern part of the Shantung promontory; Tientsin on the Peiho, the port of Pekin ; Kichu and Kinchu on the northern part of the Gulf of Petchely in 40° to 41° north, rich in agricultural productions, and good stations for trade with Tartary.

• These cities communicate with the richest and most populous districts, by means of the great canal, which is 900 miles long and 35 feet broad. Reckoning the southern with the northern branch, it is 1300 miles long. This will indicate the great importance of our having a Consular station at its central port.

BRITISH POSITION

Those and other important places were lost sight of in our hasty, restricted, and ill-arranged proceedings.

We allowed our attention to be diverted from the rich and populous regions at the northern and central part of the empire, to the compari- tively barren and valueless coast at its southern extremity. Even at the ports chosen for our maritime trade we took no precautions to secure freedom of access and right of trade and residence at and in the cities to which these ports were attached, and which it is understood the present plenipotentiary of Her Majesty is now strenuously and laudably endeavouring to accomplish. where we are still confined to a few feet of occupation on the left bank This is manifest as regards Canton, of the river, outside the suburbs of the city; daily insulted, and with life and property exposed to continued risk. We are prohibited sending a boat for pleasure or for traffic to Futchan, a thriving manufacturing town about twenty miles above Canton, or to Chang-king-foo and Shaou- choo-foo on the same river, as it is said nearly as large and wealthy as Canton, although goods must pass Whampoa*, which is equally the anchorage of those cities as well as of Canton. The same may be said of the city of Chang-choo-foo, a few miles above Amoy, of which city Amoy is but the outlet; so also of Suchoo, of which Shanghai is only the port. It would be absurd of the French or any other nation to say they were admitted to freedom of trade with Eng- land, if we restricted them to an anchorage at Gravesend, on the banks of the Thames, and a few feet of ground for a residence at Rotherhithe or Wapping for London, at Pill for Bristol, at Birkenhead for Liverpool, at Cove for Cork, or at Greenock for Glasgow.

Of the four selected ports, three, Amoy, Foo-choo, and Ningpo, have scarcely any foreign trade, and do not appear likely to have any of great importance, unless we had perfect freedom of internal inter- course, and could also trade between the above-named ports and For- mosa,-an island rich in tropical productions, and with which an exten- sive traffic is carried on from the main land in sugar, oil, timber, camphor, &c.

The province of Fokien, like that of Canton, is very barren and comparatively poor: our object should have been the formation of estab- lishments at the far richer and more civilized cities bordering on the delta of the Yang-tze-kiang, and other rivers to the northward.

So long as we are confined to the coast and denied access to the great rivers and cities in the interior, our trade will be stunted or sub- ject to considerable fluctuations; but when enabled to traverse the great veins and arteries of this vast empire, to navigate with steam to the central and civilized cities which cover the land, we may look forward to an augmenting and steady trade, and to an intimate friendly inter- course fraught with mutual advantages to China and to Britain.

In obtaining a reduction of the duties on commerce, and a diminu- tion of unequal port charges, we omitted to procure an exemption from goods paying duties a second time, when found unsaleable at one port and transshipped to another; and also that vessels not "breaking bulk,'

* Even a bazaar, constructed for the supply of provisions to the large fleet of English ships usually lying at Whampoa, has been prohibited by the authorities.

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

83 506

i. e., not discharging any part of their cargo, should be exempt from port dues.

These rights have since been gained by the Americans, and we shall derive similar advantages, but we should have obtained the establishment of "bonded warehouses;" and as the port dues are still heavy, we should have required that a lighthouse be placed at the en- trance of each port, for their safe navigation. As regards lights, buoys, and moorings, no expense whatever has been incurred by the Chinese Government. The tonnage duties on a ship anchoring at Whampoa, about twelve miles from Canton, is about 3s. per ton; at the port of Liverpool the anchorage is only ninepence. There is a heavy outlay incurred by ships being kept at Whampoa, instead of proceeding direct to Canton, which is equally as accessible as the port of Calcutta; in the cost of loading and unloading; in the tedious transfer of goods to and from Canton; and in the charges for provisions at Whampoa being en- hanced by the "comprador" system, from which the mandarins derive a considerable revenue.

Further, the levy of one mace (about 5d.) per ton on British coast- ing and legally licensed vessels, every time they enter the port of Can- ton, is a heavy tax on craft which pass from Hong Kong to Canton, three or four times in the month. Before the supplementary treaty of 8th October, 1843, the number of schooners, sloops, and lorchas plying between Canton and the places in the vicinity, was upwards of seventy; by article xvii. of the supplementary treaty, all these vessels, up to 150 tons burthen, are subjected to a port duty at Canton of one mace per ton "every time they enter the port."

None of these vessels are allowed to be rated (however small) at less than seventy-five tons; thus the mere tonnage duty on the smallest cargo boat would, at 5d. per ton, and entering the port of Canton four times every month, be equivalent to a tax of 751. a-year

It is not surprising that there are but a few lorchas plying between Hong Kong and Canton. Moreover, these small vessels are obliged, "on passing the Bogue forts in the Canton river, to report like a large inward bound vessel," again to report herself at the custom-house at Whani- poa; on arriving at Canton, her sailing letter (register) to be deposited with the British Consul, who will obtain permission from the superin- tendent of customs to discharge and load; "whether with full or half lading, even to an hundred weight of cargo," the smallest boat must pay at the rate of 5d. (one mace) per ton on seventy-five tons. This enact- ment, and clauses thirteen and fourteen of the supplemental treaty, re- stricting all communication between Hong Kong and the coast of China to the five ports; requiring that "whenever the Chinese wish to take goods to Hong Kong for sale, they must first pay the duties according to the new regulations at the five ports, and obtain permits from the respective custom-houses;" that "the Chinese must ask a passport for coming and going, and the duties are to be paid on the day the goods are imported;" that "the Chinese having purchased goods, must ship them and bring them home in Chinese vessels, which must request passports at Hong Kong, and exhibit the same to the Chinese officers on each arrival and departure, to be examined and countersigned;" that "the custom-houses at the five ports shall monthly make out a report of the passes granted, with the names of the vessels and merchants, and

G 2

BRITISH POSITION

the description and amount of goods, to be sent to the commissioner of customs at Canton, in a prescribed form, month by month."

This enactment, and these clauses, have, it is now fully acknowledged, struck a severe blow at the coasting trade; the duty and restrictions on the lorchas and small craft, rendering them too expensive, and the regu- lations on the Chinese vessels effectually prohibiting them from ever daring to ask for passes to trade with Hong Kong.

The supplemental treaty appears to have been most craftily designed for destroying any prospective benefit that Hong Kong might possibly have derived from the usual energy and enterprise of British merchants. Indeed, it is asserted by Mr. Gutzlaff, that while the treaty was negoti- ating, a proposition was seriously entertained of stationing a Chinese mandarin at Hong Kong, for collection of the duties to be levied here on behalf of the Chinese Government!

An examination of the Chinese tariff will show that the export duties levied by the Chinese Government are very heavy. On tea, the export duty ranges from 12 to 20 per cent.; on camphor, 12 to 15 per cent.; on cassia, 12 per cent.; and so on in various proportions throughout the tariff. It is also confidently stated, that the inland transit duties on British manufactures are still maintained at a high rate, and that our manufactures are thus effectually excluded from extended consumption in the interior of the country. The effect of transit duties in impeding the sale of goods has been manifested in British and in foreign India, where they are now almost entirely abolished.

The establishment of a perfectly free port to the northward, as, for instance, at Chusan, would tend to counteract these restrictions. The Chinese junks, when out of sight of their own ports, and unwatched, would freely purchase goods*, which the native traders would, through various channels, carry into the interior, without the Chinese custom- house stamp, which renders goods prohibitory, or which is an incitement to extortions at the different transit stations.

Irrespective of the value which I have endeavoured to demonstrate in my Report on Chusan, of the military and naval advantages, and of the geographical position of that island, its intrinsic worth as a station for extended commerce is unquestionable; and the large number of peaceful inhabitants engaged in husbandry on Chusan and the neigh- bouring islands, is, in itself, an advantage for the promotion of our trade.

On the fourth point, namely, the cession of a barren, unhealthy, and useless rock, at the southern extremity of the empire, it is almost unne- cessary to offer a comment, as few disinterested persons now deny that a great error was committed by our acceptance of Hong Kong. Time

* Since the above was penned, the "Hong Kong Register," a journal belong- ing to Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, & Co., contains, in an editorial article of 15th April, 1845, the following remarks :-

"A great many new houses and shops are building at Chusan, and a much larger number of boats and junks now frequent the harbour. Had we permanent possession of Chusan, it would be difficult to define the limit to which our influ- ence in China, and our trade to Shantung, the north of China, Corea, and perhaps even to Japan, might extend either in British or in native bottoms."

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

85 507

and events have confirmed the accuracy of my report upon

the island; it is still devoid of trade, and without prospect of any native or European traffic; its insalubrity* is beyond a doubt; its inapplicability for colonization, unfortunate geographical position, even as regards the Canton river estuary, and its inappropriateness as a military station for the maintenance of British supremacy in China, are now pretty generally acknowledged; and many who have spent large sums in building, under the delusion that Hong Kong would become a commercial emporium, would be glad to get back even a moiety of their outlay.

The supplemental treaty, which throughout was framed restrictively and adversely to British interestst, destroyed the only chance, however remote, that Hong Kong had of ever becoming a resort for junks from the coast. The treaty was, however, almost supererogatory, for natural and insuperable difficulties prevent the island ever being made worthy the name of a British colony. On a summary review of the past, it would appear that we have not derived the fair and legitimate advantages we had a right to obtain from the recent war, and that we have lost by diplomacy, the position which had been gained by the sword.‡

1st. In money we have not been reimbursed for the expenditure incurred during the war; and we are still incurring a very heavy and unprofitable outlay on this coast.

2nd. The expected advantages from opening four commercial ports, in addition to the port of Canton, have not been realized: we are still restricted in our intercourse, locally and generally, and life and property are considered by no means secure, at Canton itself, within a hundred yards of the British factory; while ingress is still denied to the city of Canton, where the people are encouraged to treat us with marked con- tumely and insult, accompanied in some instances by robbery and vio- lence, within sight of the city walls.

During the year 1843, the deaths among the troops at Hong Kong were 1 in 31, at Chusan 1 in 29%. By official returns printed in the "Friend of China" of April 16, 1845, it appears that the mortality of 1844 has been dreadful; on an average strength of 1800 men, the deaths were 373, and the invaliding 333-706, equal to one-third of the garrison ! The survivors were unequal to one heavy day's march. Among the deaths were seven European officers; among the invalidings twelve European officers. Of sixty officers who lived at Chusan for eighteen months, not one died or invalided; and the troops are in as perfect health as if they were in England.

that

+ Her Majesty's plenipotentiary who framed this treaty, now declares he was an umpire between Great Britain and China." It was supposed that he was sent here for the protection and advancement of British interests.

The prohibition of vessels from Hong Kong alone, going beyong the 32nd degree of north latitude, has not been adverted to; the injustice, impolicy, and unnationality being so obvious. Such an edict, emanating from the Court of Pekin, seems quite consistent; but that it should be framed by a British plenipo- tentiary seems quite impossible.

|| In July, 1845, Mr. Backhouse, and some of the Consular officers at Canton, were pelted with stones and covered with mud when rowing on the river for exercise, within a few hundred yards of the British Consulate.

The following letter refers to an outrage perpetrated a short time previous to this minute being written :-

"Sir,

"To Francis C. Macgregor, Esq., Her Majesty's Consul, Canton.

British Consulate, Canton, March 18, 1845. "About seven o'clock this morning, while walking for exercise along the north wall, on the outside of the city, we were attacked by several Chinese, who had

again

71046

in Jan Houb

BRITISH POSITION

3rd. The reduction of the duties on commerce and of the port charges on small coasting craft, and the regulations respecting junks trading with Hong Kong, require further modification; and a satisfactory

been following us, and increasing in numbers, from the building known to foreigners as the Five-storied Pagoda. At first they commenced with throwing stones, which endangered our lives, and by some of which we were struck. This attack was aided and encouraged by a number of Chinese, who followed us along the top of the city wall, hurling large stones, which, if they had struck, would have killed those at whom they were aimed. Mr. Jackson was first attacked, by men brandishing swords and daggers; his arms were pinioned, and his gold chain snatched from his neck. The Reverend Mr. Stanton and Mr. Martin perceiving that Mr. Jackson was not following, returned to aid him, and were themselves seized; one of the assailants thrust a dagger at Mr. Martin's breast, two endeavoured to throw him on the ground, and whilst struggling with them, his pockets were rifled. The same course was pursued with Mr. Jackson and Mr. Stanton. The latter lost his watch, the former still retained his, but everything else was taken. The assailants then left us; but the persons on the wall followed us for some time, hurling large stones, and using menacing gestures, and opprobrious language.

"Proceeding southward beneath the wall to reach the river side, we were again followed and attacked by another party; Mr. Jackson received a violent blow on his chest, and a roof was torn up to furnish large sticks to the assailants. In this attack Mr. Jackson was deprived of his watch; our clothes were torn; and at one time the people were disposed to strip us. No resistance was offered, it was hope- less to have attempted it, not only by reason of the numbers and weapons of the multitude, but also on account of the attack on us from the watch tower and along the walls.

"The outrage was entirely unprovoked; our own official character, and the pre- sence of a minister of religion, was a guarantee for peaceful conduct; and had his presence not restrained Mr. Jackson and Mr. Martin, bloodshed might probably have ensued. Reaching a more populous part of the suburbs, we rested a moment and then proceeded home; but not unfrequently hearing opprobrious epithets, mingled with cries of "kill them, kill them."

"From no nation in Europe would British subjects suffer this treatment; there can be no excuse for tolerating a continuance of such conduct towards us in China; and we think there cannot be a doubt that the Chinese Government have it in their power effectually to put a stop, not only to the personal insults which the English daily experience, but also to prohibit effectually the repetition of the injuries we have experienced. By the probibition to enter the city of Canton, the lower classes of the Chinese are encouraged to regard us as inferiors, and to treat us with marked contumely. No measures, that we are aware of, have ever been taken by the authorities to prevent the constant insults to which the British community are subjected; and which, instead of diminishing by time, or being subdued by acts of kindness, seem to become more frequent and more virulent.

Anxiously desirous to maintain peace, and to promote amity, we make this representation, believing that unless the Chinese authorities remedy the evils com- plained of, the most serious consequences must inevitably and ere long ensue.

"We have, &c., (Signed)

"R. M. MARTIN, "Treasurer at Hong Kong, and one of H. M.'s Council

in that Colony.

"R. B. JACKSON,

"H. B. M.'s Vice-Consul at Canton.

"VINCENT STANTON,

"H. B. M.'s Chaplain at Hong Kong."

"Articles of which the restitution is required:-A watch, capped, and double cased in gold. A watch, double cased in silver. A gold chain and gold seal, with armorial bearings. A gold pencil case, cornelian top. A bunch of keys. Two small keys. A silver-mounted walking cane. A silk purse, studded with

steel beads."

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

arrangement with reference to internal transit duties, which latter is par- ticularly essential if Chusan be not made a free port, or be not perman- ently retained as one of our colonies; and,

4th. The cession of Hong Kong to the British crown, was no gain, in any one point of view, to England; on the contrary, its occupation has caused a great destruction of valuable life, and a considerable waste of treasure; while the retention of the island, even with the most rigid economy, must involve an annual sacrifice, unattended with any bene- ficial results. We made no arrangement for the revision of the treaty at the end of seven or ten years, when the working of its provisions would have been tested by time and experience; and no stipulations for the protection of those professing the Christian faith. Both these points were conceded to the Americans and French as soon as asked, and we are indebted to foreigners for concessions that ought to have been obtained by ourselves.

Having briefly reviewed the past, it may now be inquired what is our present position and policy? Do we feel secure of continued peace with China? Do we possess any commanding political position, the retention of which, by a moderate naval and military force, may arrest the direful calamity of another war? Have we any check to exercise over the Chinese, which may compel them to keep peace? Are we developing, by precept or example, any moral control or influence which may surely, though slowly, establish our power, and win the respect and attachment of the Chinese Government and people?

These important questions cannot, it is to be feared, be answered in the affirmative. The frequent expression of men of all classes of society is "another war with China is inevitable; affairs are not yet settled."

On the evacuation of Chusan we shall have no position in Chira capable of dictating peace; and by the final abandonment of that island in January next, we shall have adopted the most effectual step that could be taken for the encouragement of a bloody, and perhaps disastrous, conflict, of which it is impossible to see the termination, and which it is very probable may engender deep and bitter feelings of national hostility to us, unquenchable by time or circumstances.

As a Government, we are doing nothing for the inculcation of our language, or for rearing a corps of useful and honest interpreters, Euro- pean or Chinese; we are not merely negative, but prohibitory, as regards the dissemination of true religion*, although there is no point on which the Chinese Government and people are more indifferent; and on other points we are equally unmindful of our permanent interests.

* The Christian world is indebted to the French mission in China for a revoca-- tion of the former imperial edicts against Christianity, and for the promulgation of the following edict, granting toleration and protection to the Christians. A Russian religious and scientific mission has been established at Pekin since 1728, under the sanction of a treaty. The mission is changed every two years. The French have, under the able auspices of M. Lagréné, obtained, I understand, other concessions relative to religion and literature. The "Journal des Débats," in November last, had four columns of a triumphant article on the Christian conduct of France in China, and in eulogy of the now prevalent idea in France, that her mission, or des- tiny, is the promulgation of Christianity in the distant regions of the globe. M. Lagréné is, I understand, a lay jesuit of high standing. Whatever he be, however he deserves great credit for procuring the following edict.".

508

BRITISH POSITION

Painful, however, as it is to contemplate the mistakes of the past policy, and the defects of our present position, there is much to cheer and encourage the efforts of the statesman, if efficient measures be vigorously and promptly adopted for their remedy.

Our mistakes appear to have had their origin in a misplaced leniency, in the manifestation of a magnanimity which was misunderstood, and which conveyed no real and permanent benefit on the conquered. A proud and corrupt Government, like that of China, inflated with the highest ideas of self-importance, viewed honourable and humane con- sessions as indications of timidity or folly; and where it could not op- pose force by force, it would naturally resort to the weapons of the weak, -dissimulation, cunning, and perfidy.

When, therefore, we found ourselves the victors of China, it was our duty, while carefully abstaining from doing aught to diminish the control of the Chinese Government over its subjects, to have adopted such measures, and to have taken such precautions, as would have pre-

<< Keying, a high minister, imperial commissioner, and viceroy of the provinces of Kwang-tung and Kwangsi, respectfully presents this duly prepared memorial to the throne. I, your minister, find that the Christian religion is that which the nations of the western seas venerate and worship,-its tenets inculcating virtue and goodness, and reprobating wickedness and vice. It was introduced into, and has been propagated in China, since the times of the Ming dynasty, and for a period there was no prohibition against it. Afterwards, because natives of China, who professed to follow its maxims, frequently made use of it to commit mischief, the authorities made examination, and inflicted punishment, as is on record.

"In the reign of Kia-kin, a special clause was first enacted in the penal code, for the punishment of this offence, and hence the natives of China were in reality prevented from committing crime,-the prohibition not extending to the religion which the foreign nations of the west worship.

"It now appears that the present envoy, Lagréné, has requested that those Chinese who follow his religion, and are in other respects blameless in the eye of the law, be held free from punishment for so doing; and as this seems what may be carried into effect, I, your minister, accordingly request that hereafter all who pro- fess the Christian religion be exempted from punishment, and looking up, beseech the imperial grace. If any should walk in the former ways or commit other offences, they will be adjudged according to the established laws.

"With reference to the subjects of France, as well as of all other foreign countries who follow this religion, they are to be permitted to erect churches for worship only at the five ports open for foreign trade; and they are not to presume to enter the interior, to propagate their doctrines. If any disobey this regulation, and rashly exceed the fixed boundaries (of the ports), the district authorities will at once apprehend them, and deliver them over to the nearest Consul of their re- spective countries, to be restrained and punished: they are not to be precipitately punished with severity, or killed. By this will tender compassion'be manifested to those from a far, as well as to the black-haired race, the good and the bad will not be confounded together, and by your Majesty's gracious assent, will the laws and principles of reason be displayed with justice and sincerity and this is my petition, that the practice of the Christian religion may henceforth entail no punish- ment on those who are good subjects.

"Wherefore, I respectfully prepare this memorial, and looking up, I beg that your imperial grace do cause it to take effect. A respectful memorial.

"On the 9th day, 11th month, 24th year of Taoukwang, the imperial reply was received, assenting (to the petition)."

"RESPECT THIS."

The above mandate was received at Suchau, on the 25th day, 12th mouth, 24th year of Taoukwang.

J. Mc D.

Shanghai, 1845.

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

vented the grievous necessity of another war, by retaining an island or position, as a guarantee, which would command peace; by the establish- ment of a permanent British einbassy at Pekin; and by securing per- fect freedom of intercourse for British subjects with every part of China, internal or maritime. This would have been sound policy, and at the same time merciful towards both the Chinese Government and people. The former would probably be saved the disastrous calamity of another war, which may end in the subversion of the ruling dynasty, and the latter, as an imitative and tractable people, would have received the great benefits of unrestricted commerce with a more civilized nation, capable of turning to full advantage the qualities of an industrious and peaceable race, in a country improved by art, and favoured by nature to a high degree.

In order, therefore, to accomplish the important objects which it appears desirable should be attained by England, for the sake of China as well as for our own interests, the following points are submitted for consideration -

1st. The final cession of Chusan to the British Crown. (a) Failing this cession, the island to be placed under the protection of Great Britain, like the Ionian islands. (b) This not being granted, Chusan to be made a free port, open to all nations, with perfect freedom of residence, &c.

2nd. In consideration of the Chinese ceding Chusan to England, we might agree to withdraw our Consular stations from Amoy, Foochoo, and perhaps from Ningpo.

3rd. If the Chinese Government refuse to cede Chusan, then we ought to demand the permanent establishment of a British minister at Pekin, with a guard of honour from a ship of war, to be constantly stationed in the Peiho, and that all official intercourse be carried on at Pekin.

4th. We ought also to require that British subjects be permitted to reside in any part of China, with perfect security for life and property, for the free enjoyment of their religion, and for the prosecution of any lawful and proper business.

5th. That other ports be opened to British commerce, viz., those in the Yang-tze-kiang river, and to the northward; and that it be per- mitted us to navigate any river in China.

6th. That one of the other islands of the Chusan group, viz., the populous and cultivated island of Lowang, twenty-six miles in circum- ference; or the island of Tehinsanna, eight and a half miles long from east to west, with good anchorage in both monsoons on the north-east part of the Chusan group or archipelago, be ceded to us. By the adoption of such a system of definite policy, we should be establishing a physical and moral power in China of the utmost consequence to us as a nation, and pregnant with beneficial results of the highest mag- nitude.

It is the duty of statesmen to legislate and act for the future as well as for the present. The prescient mind can discern in the vista of coming events a period when the peninsula of Hindoostan will claim that right of self-government for which we are now educating the Anglo Indian people. We ought to be preparing for such a change, and to be now engaged in the formation of a controlling and directing power in

509

BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

China, which will compensate for our loss of the United States and of Hindoostan.

China in a remarkable degree seems destined by Divine Providence to be the next great arena for the development of British civilization*. The vast extent of territory favoured by every variety of climate, and yielding almost every vegetable and mineral product; the great length of sea coast with numerous excellent harbours; the large rivers flowing far and deep into the central land; abundance of coal and iron for steam navigation and transit: canals for traffic in all directions; a population numbering, it is said, one-third of the inhabitants of the eartht-industrious, peaceful, skilled in husbandry and various branches

The third report of the "Society for diffusing useful knowledge in China," held at Canton, 20th November, 1837, contains a review of the existing literature of the Chinese, and an enumeration of the "catalogue of works contained in the imperial

It concludes with these remarks :- library at Pekin."

"From this cursory review which we have taken of Chinese literature, we are enabled to perceive what is the range of existing knowledge in this country. philosophy, which, leaving alone all speculations concerning the origin and future state of man, confines itself wholly to the relations between man and man in this life, occupies one fourth portion. A history and a geography, almost exclusively national, occupy another fourth portion; while the existence of other nations, and the practical lessons to be learned from the rest of mankind, are almost wholly for- gotten. With the exception of agriculture and weaving, the useful arts of life find hardly any place in Chinese literature. Mechanic and chemical sciences are scarcely thought of. Medicine we know to consist, for the most part, of mere quackery. Astronomical and mathematical sciences are chiefly derived from Europeans, and the knowledge of them is confined to a very few persons; while the vagaries of astrology and divination find a place not only in their literature, but also in the arrangements of government. Natural history is regarded only as an adjunct to medical science, if the practice of medicine among the Chinese can be dignified with the name of science. Seeing that so many are the defects of Chinese litera- ture, it becomes our imperative duty to exert our utmost energies to supply their lack of knowledge."

As regards their philosophy, the committee observe--

"Several of the classical works, which form the foundation of this first depart- ment of Chinese literature, have already, by means of translations, been placed within the reach of the European public. From these we are enabled to perceive to how low an elevation in philosophy the most esteemed sages of China have attained."

map

In the geography of even their own country they are almost as deficient as they A of the province of Fokien, which I saw at are of that of foreign countries. the viceroy's residence at Foochoo, would have disgraced the New Zealanders, or It had no bearings-no divisional lines-no propor- Yet any other barbarous nation. tions; and that part which we know, the Min river, was entirely incorrect. this map was kept a secret; and our Consul at Foochoo could only procure a copy, by paying a Chinese largely for copying it by stealth. In astronomy, music, sur- gery, medicine, chemistry, military and naval science, fine arts, &c., they are utterly deficient.

+ EXTENT

† Extent of CHINA PROPER, number of Inhabitants, Arable Area, and Revenues at the end of 1844, exclusive of Tartary, the Dependent Provinces, and the Colonies. (Prepared for me from official documents.)

Geographical Position.

Provinces.

Lat. N.

Long. E.

in Ring

and Mow. Mouths Arable area

square

Mile. Number of on each Mouths.

Land

Taels. in

Taxes and Duties.

Total fixed

Revenue

Salt.

Sundry.

Remains

in the

Provincial Province. MoneyTaels. In kind. Treasury. of each

Send to the Emperor.

Chih-le

39° 54′ 13′′

Shan-tung

36 44 24

Shau-se

37 53 30

16° 28' 0"

117 07 30

112 30 30

65,104

55,268

Keang-soo Ho-nan

Gan-hwny

Keang-se

Fo-keen

Chế keang

Hoo-pih

Hoo-nan

Shen-se

Kwang-tung Kan-suh

Sze-choeu

Kwang se

34 55 0

113 20 00

65,104

32 04 40

118 47 00

92,961

Yun-nan

Kwei-choo

Gan-king-foo

Nan-chang-foo

Fuh-choo-foo

Hang-choo-foo

Woo-chang-foo

Chang-sha-foo

Se-gan-foo

San-choo-foo

Ching-too-foo

Kwang-choo-foo

Kwei-lin-foo

Yun-nan.foo

30 37 10

28 37 12

117 04 13

115 48 17

72,176

26 02 24

30 20 20

30 34 50

28 12 0

34 16 45

36 08 24

30 40 41

23 08 09

25 13 12

119 25 00

120 07 34

53,480

39,150

25 06 0

we i-yang-foo

26 30 00

114 13 30

112 46 57

108 57 45

103 55 00

103 10 30

111 16 30

110 13 50

102 51 40

106 36 10

144,770

154,008

166,800

79,456

78,250

107,969

54,554

1,297,999

27,990,871

28,958,764

14,004,210

23,037,171

37,843,501

34,168,059

30,426,999

14,777,410

26,256,784

37,370,098

18,652,507

10,207,256

15,193,135

21,435,678

19,147,030

7,313,895

5,561,320

5,288,219

367,632,907

473

515

657,091-87 | 1,334,457

970,054.7

153,272

1,925,658

1,939,941

621,813

3,396,165

199'04

3,930,513

2,730,736

353,973

691,141

253

354

329,586-21 | 2,990,675

722,820-36 | 3,164,758

82,944

44,950

142,317

774

276

671 421

38,593

42,630

3,580,647

3,420,940

6,475,690

1,174,110

2,719,488

1,202,590

2,702,285

328,290

2,441,110

221,242

626,623

2.564,728 1,401,273

422,709

49,087

2,532,327

776,173

1,602,431

1,055,109

2,287,346

795,863

540,705

208,050

66,600

687,277

11,554

1,282,598

776,173

96,934

333,543

317

312,287.90

44,343

924,302

944,422

96,214

265,379

252,371-3

40,623

2,206,351

306,236

265,498

164.

93 128

214

177,831.3

459,040-67

39,450

60,787

380,889

1,082,644

72,274

31,782

662,880

13,029

47,913

65,220

1,477,497

719,307

339,143

84,400-60

416,399

47,150

52,660

516,149

275,559

86,945

283

69,499.80

209,582

227,626

34,256

471,464

188,927

227,626

53,596

181,268

24,431

6,234 7,054,692 29 30,364,023|3,843,930 | 1,005,092 25,681.76

131,938

35,018,051

52,346

13,314

22,022,451 | 3,299,015 | 5,569,329

Hong Kong, June 1845.

R. M. MARTIN.

510

511

BRITISH POSITION

of art, imitative in mechanics, (thus leading to the natural conclusion that they would be equally so in social and moral duties,) having an organized Government and well administered municipalities, devoid of the prejudices of caste or of idolatry, and thus to a certain degree pre- pared for the reception of the seeds of Christian truth; ever seeking to benefit their condition, by labour at home, or by emigrating to other countries; habituated to a maritime life; of considerable physical power; not deficient in courage, if properly disciplined; acute or subtle reasoners; preferring the material to the theoretical or ideal; not wanting in emu- lative enterprise, obedient to the commands of a justly ruling authority;

NOTES ON THE FOREGOING STATISTICAL TABLE.

The above are the nominal sums for which the respective officers become responsible to their sovereign. But the estimate of last year has so immensely fallen short of the actual amount required, viz., of the arrears due since the war, there remained, in October 1844, 38,711,000 taels to be paid. The rice has, for the greater part, on account of the inundation, not been forwarded to the capital.

The sundries arise from the proceeds of pawbrokers' shops, mercantile estab- There are moreover innumerable local lishments, and various fees and duties.

items not mentioned in the statistical returns, because the mandarins on the spot receive them, without sending any account; for this they have, however, to keep up a considerable establishment.

The colonial possessions, instead of yielding a revenue, absorb considerable sums. The subsidies paid to the Mongol chiefs, both in money as well as kind, are very large; the expenditure of the army in Torkestan, amounts to several millions annually; and to keep up the establishments in Mantchouria, the treasury is con- stantly drained. Tibet requires only about 200,000 taels annually. No returns of these liabilities are ever published.

Three taels are 17. sterling; one shih 160 lbs. ; one ring 100 mow; one mow 6000 square covids.

It ought always to be kept in mind that the sums specified are the net revenue, after the deduction of the expenditure of collection, so that in many instances the In the esti- sums actually raised are five times more than what is put down here. mate are not included the duties on the foreign trade, which are, at the lowest, about three million taels per annum. Besides the monopoly in ginseng, per centage from the numerous mines, profits from coinage, &c., &c., which at the most moder- ate calculation does not amount to less than five million taels per annum, and is directly paid to the Emperor.

We have neither enumerated about thirty-four million shih of grain, which, according to the regulations, is kept in deposit by Government, in order to provide against starvation. The people have some claim on this, and reap the profits arising from the sale. The quantity, moreover, fluctuates very much, and the lat- ter amount is abstracted from a work published about twenty years ago.

China is not remarkable for longevity. An examination was made in 1827 by the Emperor Kang-he, to ascertain how many persons were above seventy years of age, that they might be exempted from the public service, and nourished by the state. Those of eighty, ninety, and a hundred, were successively honoured with higher rewards.

In nine provinces, containing 158,793,306 inhabitants, there were but 194,086 of seventy and upwards, which latter sum is 818 parts of the former.

In sixteen provinces, the number of people at eighty years of age was 168,850; Not a two at ninety years 9996; and at or about a hundred years of age, but 21. thousandth part of the whole empire reached the age of eighty years; not the thirty-six thousandth part ninety years; and only about one in seventeen million inhabitants reached the age of a century.

Only three provinces evince this longevity, viz., Shantung, 9; Honan 5; Hon- an, or Hon-Guange, 4; Keangnan 3; total 21.

In the Canton province, on a population of 19,147,030, but 9415 reached the

None attained a century. age of eighty, and only 591 that of ninety years.

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

and with strong domestic and social attachments, enabling them to com- bine for good or evil purposes: these and other considerations render China a field peculiarly adapted for the inculcation of the Christian civilization of England.

We have it in our power to till the field thus presented for our pro- fitable labour. Science and skill of various kinds is now anxiously seeking employment at home; where could they be more usefully employed than in China*?

* The jesuits received the greatest encouragement from the Emperor Canghi, or Kanghi, during his long reign. On 22nd March, 1672, his Majesty issued a cele- brated edict in favour of Christianity; in which, conformable to the report of the board of rites, he ordered the temples dedicated to the "Lord of Heaven" through- out his dominions to be respected, and that no opposition be given to all who chose to enter those temples, offer incense, and perform acts of worship.

This edict was issued in consequence of a violent persecution commenced against the Christians in the province of Che-kiang, by the viceroy and inferior mandarins. In consequence of the petitions of the jesuits of science at Pekin, the Emperor ordered the board of rites to inquiry into the subject; and the board reported that "they had seriously examined that which had reference to the Euro- peans who lived in China; and found that they merited attention and love for the signal services which they had rendered in civil and foreign wars, by their con- tinued studies to produce useful and curious works, and by their just and sincere affection for the public good. Moreover, that the Europeans are very tranquil; that they do not excite troubles in the provinces; that they do not cause evil, or commit any bad action. Besides, their doctrine has nothing in common with the false and dangerous sects of the empire; and their maxims do not lead people to sedition." The report of the board of rites went on to state, that "as the Govern- ment of China did not prevent the Lamas of Tartary, nor the Budhists, to have their temples, and offer incense in their pagodas, how much less ought the Europeans be prevented to have their churches, and to preach publicly their religion, as they did nothing contrary to good laws."

It was in consequence of this excellent report that the persecution which had commenced in China against Christianity, was suppressed by the Emperor in

1692.

Shortly after, the Chinese physicians having failed to cure the Emperor Canghi of a fever, the sovereign placed himself under the care of the jesuit physicians, Gerbillon and Bouvet, at Pekin, who cured him with quinine. In gratitude for his recovery, the Emperor assigned them splendid apartments in the first enclosure of the palace, and which had belonged to the governor of the heir apparent. Artisans were employed to fit the residence up in excellent style, and a mandarin to superintend the dwelling; and understanding that they wished to have a church attached to their house, the Emperor caused a very handsome church to be erected within the precincts of the palace, which required four years building, and was The church was adorned by the jesuit artists with great magnificence and taste. opened with great ceremony in 1702.

On several occasions the learned jesuits established at Pekin, were enabled to render signal services to the Tartar Government at Pekin.

About the year 1688, the Russians had been advancing, by Siberia, through Tartary to the frontiers of the Chinese empire: Their route was along the rivers Irtis, Oby, Gennissee, Angara, via lake Baikal; thence to the Amour river, pene- trating to Saghalion-Oula. The Russians destroyed the forts as they advanced, not without resistance, however, from the Tartars, who were subjects of the Chinese empire.

War between the Muscovites and Chinese seemed imminent; but through the diplomacy of the jesuits Gerbillon and Bouvet, a peace was con- cluded at Nipchou, by ambassadors from both powers, by which the limits of Rus- sia were defined, and the Chinese army returned to Pekin. Gerbillon and Bouvet were appointed secretaries to the Chinese embassy, but in reality they managed the whole negotiations in a manner which gave great satisfaction.

But a more important service was rendered to the Tartar Government of

----

512

BRITISH POSITION

Russia, Turkey, Greece, Belgium, Egypt, Persia, and other coun- tries have been benefited by the scientific skill of Europe. Here is a region open to us for the same purpose, far exceeding in value and in extent all those kingdoms put together. If we refuse to avail ourselves

China by the celebrated jesuit P. Verbiest, who, by casting cannon (then unknown in China), enabled the Emperor to put down a very formidable rebellion, organ- ized by the famous Chinese general Ou-Sang-Guey, who had been the means of introducing the Tartars into China for the extermination of the rebels, and who now sought to dethrone the Tartar dynasty, and restore the Chinese sovereigns. In a short time, Ou-Sang-Guey made himself master of the provinces of Setchuen, Yunnan, and Kweitchou. His example was followed in the provinces of Canton and Fokien; and Coxinga, a naval co-operator, with a large armament, took pos- session of Formosa. The rebellion would probably have been successful but for the cannon cast by Verbiest for the Tartars, which they conveyed to the attack on On the the encampment of Ou-Sang-Guey, and which he was unable to resist. death of Verbiest, the Emperor himself wrote the eloge which was read over his grave. The Mahometans had, during 300 years, the direction of the tribunal of mathematics in China, and the preparation of the calendar; but this important duty was taken from them, and vested in the jesuit Adam Schaal; and they con- tinued to hold this, and other important stations, until their final expulsion from China, after the death of the Emperor Canghi, in his 69th year, A.D. 1722 (20 December) and on the ascent of his third son, Yong-tcheng to the throne at Pekin, who refused to check the persecution of the Christians.

The Emperor Canghi is described by the jesuit missionaries as a man having a lofty genius, great penetration, and a faithful memory; with a solid judgment, a sense of right, and a firmness of soul; always master of himself, and capable of forming and of conducting great enterprises. He did not repose upon favourites, but took He was tender towards his cognizance of all things, and regulated them himself. subjects, and never lost sight of judgment and of justice. He studied and acquired the European arts and sciences; and geometry, physics, astronomy, medicine, and anatomy, were successively objects of his careful study. He loved to have the learned jesuits around him; he esteemed their morals; protected them and their fellow Christians; and had given hopes, that but for his sudden death, he would have openly embraced Christianity.

In 1620 the Chinese sovereign (Tien-ki) and Government at Pekin, called in the aid of the Christian missionaries, and of the Portuguese, to aid by artillery in repelling the Tartars. This aid was given, and tranquillity was restored at Pekin, to within seven leagues of which city the Tartars had penetrated. In 1628 the Emperor Tien-ki died, and his brother, Hoai-tsong, known also under the name of Tsong-tching, ascended the throne of China.

In 1636, two leaders or chiefs of plundering banditti, organized a large force, combining all the discontented persons in the empire, as well as all who wished to profit by plunder. They marched towards Pekin, plundering towns, cities, and The rebels laid siege to Pekin, provinces, and devastating the land with civil war. and the Emperor fearing to fall into their hands, put himself to death. The com- mandant (Ou-Sang-Guey) of a body of Chinese troops on the frontiers, solicited the aid of the Tartars, to relieve Pekin; this aid was granted by Tsong-te, the Tartar chief, who retook Pekin from the rebels; and as the Chinese Emperor, Hoit-song, had committed suicide to prevent falling into the hands of the rebels, the vacant throne was seized by the Tartar general, Tsong-te, who, however, died very soon, and his son, Chuntchi, then only six years of age, was proclaimed Emperor of China by the Tartar garrison of Pekin. The uncle of Chuntchi, named Amavan, became the guardian of the young prince, who at fourteen years of age ascended the throne, the sovereignty of which was still disputed by the Chinese, particularly in the sea coast and midland provinces. The Tartar troops advanced to Quantong (Canton) and Quangsi provinces, where they took some towns, but were repulsed by two Chinese generals who were Christians. The victorious Chinese declared Yang-tie, who was a prince of the imperial family, emperor, and fixed his court at Chao- king, in the Canton province. The mother of the Chinese emperor, his chief wife, and his eldest son, received the rite of Christian baptism, together with twenty

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

of the offer thus benignly vouchsafed to us; if we reject the means of thus benefiting ourselves and myriads of our fellow-creatures, either from apathy, selfishness, miscalled prudence, or erroneous political con- siderations, the opportunity may never again occur; and that which might have been converted into a source of national strength, of indi- vidual good, and of general benefit, may be converted by others, and by different means, into an engine injurious to our own interests, and pro- ductive of great and permanent national injury. Are we prepared to run the race of competition with other nations? or, after enjoying duration as a kingdom for upwards of one thousand years, and holding for the greater part of that time the dominant power of the Earth, are we disposed to shrink from the competition and descend in the scale of empires? Other kingdoms and nations are ready to rise, to build, and to strengthen their power on our downfall. We cannot shut our eyes to the fact, that we are envied and feared, rather than trusted and loved, and that if we be not true to ourselves there are none in whom we can trust.

It has not been by a timid, hesitating, dubious time-serving policy, by a craving after petty immediate gain, by crafty devices, or by subtle intrigues, that a small island in the Western Atlantic has become the mistress of the world-her power seen and felt on every shore, her flag triumphant on every sea.

Great ends can only be achieved by great means; a nobility of object consecrates the endeavour for its attainment.

If to pour a quickening life blood into China, to vivify a vast and almost stagnant mass of human beings, and thus incalculably increase our commerce*; if to construct and organize a power on the extreme East, which may eventually counterbalance the gigantic empire which stretches from the Bosphorous to the Arctic circle, from the Baltic to the Pacific; if to diffuse intelligence and science among three hundred millions of people; above all, and before all, to implant the inspiriting doctrines of Christianity over such an immense portion of the globe, that their diffusion would eventually influence all mankind; if to do this

ladies of rank at the court. The Chinese empress (baptized Helena Taming), and the other royal Christians, sent a learned missionary (Michael Bagm, a Pole) to Pope Alexander VII., to render obedience to the court of Rome.

The Chinese dynasty in the southern provinces was but of short duration. Hordes of Tartars poured into China, and three grand armies obliged the Emperor Yang-tie to flee. A sanguinary leader of theirs having overrun the provinces of Honan, Kiangnan, Kiangsi, &c., and committed the most appalling massacres, the peaceful Chinese were glad to accept the Tartar yoke, for the sake of secure enjoy- ment of their lives. And for two hundred years, 1644 to 1844, the Tartar dynasty has maintained by corruption, by stratagem, and by force, the throne and government of China.

* China has rich mines of gold and silver, but it has also accumulated large quantities of the precious metals from other countries.

It is computed that 400,000,000 dollars passed from Acapulco to Manila dur- ing the 250 years of their intercourse; of this sum it is estimated that one-fourth passed from Manila to China. Since 1784, about 100,000,000 dollars have passed from the United States to China. Siam and Cochin send large quantities of gold and silver in ingots to China. Japan, it is estimated, has poured into China during sixty years of free intercourse, at least 100,000,000. From all other sources during the past century, China has received about 50,000,000. The estimated metallic circulation is equivalent to 500,000,000 dollars.

113513

ON RESIGNATION.

will not deem my conduct deserving of censure, and that they will find I have fulfilled the trust reposed in me.

I beg to inclose copies of my correspondence on the subject.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

No. XV.-To James Stephen, Esq., Under-Secretary of State for

Sir,

the Colonies.

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, July 8, 1845.

I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith a copy of a letter and its inclosures, which I have this day addressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, through Governor Davis.

I respectfully solicit that his Lordship will suspend decision respect- ing my conditional resignation of the office of Treasurer here, until I reach England, to which I am proceeding, viâ Egypt, by the fastest sailing vessel in China (the "Lanrick"), in the hope of reaching Bom- bay in time for the overland steamer of 27th August.

-+have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

BRITISH POSITION

be worthy the achievement of Britain, and that even failure in the attempt be no disgrace, but the reverse, then ought we to proceed very differently from the course which has hitherto been adopted: nay, more, a perseverance in our present course can bring with it no advantages; it will not even obtain security for our tea trade, although the Chinese are more interested in preserving that branch of commerce than the English are; and when war and anarchy have overspread and desolated China, we shail find, when too late, that we have lost even that for which we had forfeited every individual and national good.

It is yet time to retrieve some of the errors of the past. Ere Chusan be evacuated in January next, we have the means in our power of arranging those measures which wisdom, mercy to China, and sound policy to ourselves would dictate.

Some of these measure have been briefly shadowed forth in the previous pages, and can, if required, be more amply developed.

Happy will the writer feel, if in the fulfilment of his duty to his sovereign he has been permitted to aid in awakening Britain to a true sense of her position in China, to a consciousness of what is due to her- self, and at the same time beneficial to others; and to a strenuous effort for maintaining a national supremacy in the East as well as in the West, which is essentially conducive to the welfare of all mankind.

R. M. MARTIN.

Hong Kong, April 19, 1845.

Inclosure 1 in No. XV.

To his Excellency John Francis Davis, Esq., Governor of Hong Kong.

Sir,

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,

July 8, 1845.

I HAVE the honour to solicit that your Excellency will be pleased to transmit the accompanying letter and its inclosures to the Right Hon- ourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies, at your earliest con- venience.

I have, &c.,

Inclosure 2 in No. XV.

R. M. MARTIN.

To the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies.

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,

July 8, 1845. I HAVE the honour to solicit your Lordship's perusal of the inclosed correspondence with Governor Davis, and a consideration of the follow- ing statement.

My Lord,

No. VIII.-To C. E. Trevelyan, Esq., Secretary to the Rt. Hon. the Lords Commissioners of H. M.'s Treasury.

Sir,

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,

April 25, 1845.

I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, a copy of a "Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China," which I laid before Governor Davis on the 19th instant, and which has been transmitted by his Excellency to the Earl of Aberdeen per "Denia," on the 22nd

instant.

The British expenditure on the coast of China will doubtless be materially influenced by a just exposition of our present position and future prospects; and in this point of view I trust my labours may not be deemed unacceptable to their Lordships.

I may conscientiously add, that in writing this minute, but one object pervaded my mind,--the welfare of my country, and the exten- sion of her power and influence, on Christian principles, for the advan- tage of China.

114

CORRESPONDENCE

Soon after my arrival in this island, I observed that there had been a large and unnecessary expenditure of the public money here, which had been greatly facilitated by the power of arresting portions of the Chinese indemnity money, in its transit to the home exchequer.

Perceiving that the disbursement was daily augmenting*, I felt it to be my duty, even at the hazard of losing, what I much covet, the confidence and support of your Lordship, to state openly my opinions to

my_superiors, and to substantiate them by facts, relative to the true nature and value of Hong Kong, and to its necessary concomitant-the British position and prospects in China.

The reports, minutes, and papers, written in support of these opinions were transmitted either to your Lordship, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, or to the Lords of the Treasury, and as I un- derstood they were producing some effect at home, by suggesting various inquiries, and causing a check to be put upon the expenditure here, I resolved, although my health and constitution have been much impaired by this climate, to await the result of those inquiries, and the correction of errors which time and circumstances generally induce.

Having, however, recently ascertained that Governor Davis is pro- posing for your Lordship's sanction a further expenditure of half a mil- lion of dollars for civil works heret, irrespective of the, I think, entirely unnecessary extent of outlay incurred, and projected in the military and ordnance departments; believing that Her Majesty's Government must be under great misapprehension relative to Hong Kong, and to our affairs and position in China; and understanding that it is intended to evacuate Chusan in February or March next, without any attempt at negotiation for the retention of that most valuable and important island (worthy of being an Anglo-Chinese colony), I applied to Governor Davis for six months' leave of absence, on public grounds, in order that might bring the whole subject under a complete and unbiassed investi- gation, and thus, if possible, timely correct what are deemed primary errors of national importance.

In order to place the question on high grounds, I offered to give up all my salary; to incur my own expenses to England; to continue my bonds of pecuniary security to the Crown ; and to forfeit my commission in Her Majesty's service, should my application for leave of absence be disapproved of at home.

The Governor refused the leave sought, on the plea that I was not dying and requiring change of climate; a decision, as shown in the accompanying correspondence, contrary to the obvious meaning of the Governor's instructions (chap. iv. p. 25), and which, if thus interpreted,

Governor Davis declared that he was determined to spend as much as possible of the Chinese indemnity money, in its transit to England; because, after that supply ceased, the grants voted by Parliament would be jejune indeed." The necessity of the expenditure was a subordinate consideration. The leading idea of many governors is to create a favourable impression of having made great progress in public works, roads, &c. This used to be frequently done by grants from the home exchequer, and, as in the case of Hong Kong, totally unrequired by local circumstances.

+ I only ascertained this on my return from visiting the northern Consulates in June, 1845, and immediately took steps to try and check this utter waste of the public money.

ON RESIGNATION.

514

115

would make every colonial servant of the crown an exile for life, or subject to the caprice, favouritism, or vindictiveness of any colonial governor.

The yet unsettled state of the British affairs in China; the very short time intervening for their imperatively-required better arrangement, of every previous to the evacuation of Chusan, when our expenditure description ought to undergo the most careful revision and retrench- ment; the desire to prevent the contemplated expenditure of half a million dollars for civil works, and of other unnecessary projected out- lays; a conscientious belief that, as a sworn servant of the Crown, I am bound to lay all the information I have collected here, before Her Majesty's Ministers, and that I can only effectually do so, without further loss of time, in person; have compelled me to adopt the only alternative in my power, namely, to place in the hands of Governor Davis my resignation as Her Majesty's Treasurer for the Colonial, Consular, and Diplomatic services in China, in order that I may at once bring the whole matter under the full and fair consideration of your Lordship, and be on the spot in case of necessity for reference.

I will not advert to myself, personally, to any treatment which I have experienced, or to any misinterpretation of my motives and con- duct; these are points of comparatively little moment. But I do confi- dently hope that the newness and vast importance of our position in China; the still partial blending of colonial, diplomatic, and commercial affairs here; the possible imperfections of individual judgment, arising from natural causes and various interests; and the advantages conse- quently derivable to the State, from a minute examination and exposi- tion of our affairs in the most distant, most complex, yet least under-

induce

your stood settlement and relations of the British Crown, may Lordship to grant, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, and onf public grounds, a court of inquiry, previous to the acceptance by my Sovereign of the responsible commission with which Her Majesty was graciously pleased to invest me.

Sir,

I have, &c.,

Inclosure 3 in No. XV.

R. M. MARTIN.

To his Excellency J. F. Davis, Governor of Hong Kong.

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, June 18, 1845.

IN my recent "Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China," I ventured to indicate, according to the best of my judgment, the mistakes committed during our past negotiations with the Chinese authorities, to demonstrate the apparent defects of our present policy, and to point out in some respects the course which it seems advisable to pursue previous to the evacuation of Chusan in February next.

Having devoted twenty years to an investigation of our colonial and commercial relations, I believe that my opinions thereon receive some attention at home: and that when Her Majesty's Government,

I 2

116

CORRESPONDENCE

unsolicitedly, selected me fór office in China, it was expected that I would be enabled to collect useful information.

Desirous of justifying the confidence reposed in me, I prepared and submitted several reports and documents to your Excellency; and these, together with a commercial report which I am preparing for the Lords Committee of the Privy Council for Trade, will, I hope, demonstrate that I have minutely examined affairs in China.

Although several of the conclusions at which I have arrived, after anxious investigation, may be at variance with those emanating from high authority, I trust I may, without arrogance, ask a full and fair hearing for opinions originating in integrity of motive and a solicitude to ascertain what would be most conducive to the trade and permanent interests of the British empire: being therefore convinced that an inves- tigation of our Anglo-Chinese policy is of the highest importance on general as well as on financial and commercial considerations; aware that the sentiments I entertain find little concurrence in England, from several gentlemen who recently filled office in China; and thinking that Her Majesty's Government have been acting under some erroneous impressions, I am very desirous of personally placing before Her Majesty's Ministers the information collected and the opinions thence deduced, after visiting every part of China accessible to Europeans.

For this purpose I have the honour to solicit from your Excellency leave of absence for six months, on the following terms

1st. That I draw no salary for these six months. 2nd. That I defray my own expenses to England.

́3rd. That if Her Majesty's Government decide there were no justi- fiable grounds for this application, that I resign my present office.

By granting my request, no detriment whatever can accrue to the public service. The treasury accounts are close up, the books daily balanced, and all the required returns will be made on the 30th June.

I believe the payments on account of public works will be compara- or until final orders from home); tively small for the next six months and I am certam that, with ordinary care, no delay or embarrassment can arise in the colonial treasury.

"Confiding in the importance of the information which I believe it to be in my power to convey, and in the probability of its being duly appreciated by Her Majesty's Ministers, I ask permission to forego all my salary, to incur considerable expense,--to destroy, perhaps, my and remaining health by travelling during this hot and adverse season further, I propose to risk my commission in Her Majesty's service, in order that may have an opportunity of communicating personally to the authorities at home the result of my inquiries in this country.

I have, &c.,

Sir,

Inclosure 4 in No. XV.

;

R. M. MARTIN.

To the Hon. F. W. A. Bruce, Colonial Secretary.

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, June 24, 1845.

I HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 19th instant, conveying to me the refusal of his Excellency the

ON RESIGNATION.

117

Governor to grant my application for six months' leave of absence, on the following grounds :-

1st. That the regulations by which the Governor is bound as to leave of absence are clear and peremptory, confining such leave to cases of serious indisposition, requiring change of climate.

2nd. That his Excellency does not feel justified in incurring an act of responsibility, by the substitution of another person in my place. And

3rd. That by granting the leave sought, his Excellency would materially depart from the usages of the service.

In reply, I beg to observe that,-

1st. The words of the regulations (ch. iv. p. 25) are, "Leave of absence should be confined as much as possible to cases of serious in- The regulations then disposition, requiring change of climate." proceed to state when leave should be granted on private affairs. A fortiori, leave may be granted on public affairs.

2nd. By granting the leave sought, no responsibility whatever would be incurred by his Excellency, as my sureties would stand good during my absence, as well as those of my locum tenens.

3rd. By the usages of the service, colonial officers frequently obtain leave of absence to proceed to England irrespective of

sickness.

But, even were the regulations clear and peremptory against leave of absence being granted, except in cases of imminently fatal illness, I venture to think that the novel and peculiar position of Great Britain in China, the nature and prospects of this island as a new settlement, and the many years which I have devoted to the study and personal examination of other colonies, and to the investigation of the commercial and financial relations of England, might have rendered my application an exception to the general rule, more particularly as my temporary absence would be no detriment to the public service, and as I offered to take upon myself all the responsibility of my proceedings.

I put aside entirely the question of my health, although it has been materially shaken by my residence and mental labours here; life or death is of little moment, compared with the great interests which These interests are too vast and England has at stake in China. pressing to be affected by individual considerations, or by the ordinary usages and proceedings of the service which are applicable to every-day

occurrences.

Whether I am right or wrong, I have endeavoured to demonstrate in my reports and minutes, that our affairs in China require immediate and special reconsideration and revision; that time and experience have made manifest several mistakes, which, if not rectified previous to the evacuation of Chusan in March or February next, will be a subject of deep regret and serious injury; and that our policy and proceedings are not productive of the extended beneficial results which the British nation has a right to expect in China, and not commensurate with the large expenditure incurred on this coast.

Feeling strongly on these points, as of great national importance; believing, that however humble my situation in Her Majesty's service, it is my bounden duty to my Sovereign to bring them under the early serious consideration of Her Majesty's Ministers; and deeming that my

515

516

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CORRESPONDENCE ON RESIGNATION

personal attendance is indispensable to answer questions on the spot, which, even if time permitted, could not be done by a lengthened and tedious correspondence; I have resolved to undergo the responsibility of proceeding to England, to bring the whole question under the imme- diate attention of Her Majesty's Government; and I cannot help enter- taining a confident hope, that when the magnitude and pressing exigency of the case is fully seen and understood, and the motives in which my conduct has originated been explained, I may rely on the justice and liberality of Lord Stanley and Her Majesty's Ministers.

My accounts are made up, and the monies under my charge ready to be transferred, on the half-year ending 30th instant, to whomsoever his Excellency may be pleased to direct to officiate as treasurer.

Sir,

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

Inclosure 5 in No. XV.

To the Colonial Secretary.

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,

July 8, 1845.

THE decision of his Excellency the Governor on my letters of 19th and 24th ultimo*, refusing me leave of absence for six months on public business, and with a view to what I deem the public good, compels me, most reluctantly, to adopt the only alternative of requesting his Excel- lency to receive my resignation as Her Majesty's Treasurer for the colonial and diplomatic services in China, until I can bring the subject, through the Secretary of State for the Colonies, under the consideration of my Sovereign, who was graciously pleased to appoint me to the important office and trust which I have now the honour to place in the hands of his Excellency.

My quarterly accounts are made up to the 30th June, 1845, declared before a magistrate, and passed by the auditor.

I beg that a board may be appointed to receive from me the monies under my charge, and that his Excellency will state to whom I am to transfer the accounts and books of my department, and the vouchers for payment made by me since 30th day of June last.

In order that I may be enabled to pass my accounts in England, and receive for myself, and for my sureties, the exchequer quietus, I have the honour to request that a copy of my day cash book be furnished me from this office.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

The reply to my letter of this date was a mere reference to the previous decision of the Governor, who, I was informed, would only permit me to proceed to England by my putting the word "resignation" into my letter. I tried in vain to avoid this; but each draft letter was rejected by the Governor, to whom it was Mr. Shelley told me submitted by Mr. Shelley, then acting colonial secretary. that the Governor insisted on my resignation, and that he would appoint his

R. M. M. relative, Mr. Mercer, to my situation.

119

No. XVI.-To the Right Honourable Baron Stanley, Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies.

My Lord,

Bombay, September 3, 1845. DESIROUS of placing immediately before your Lordship, the accom- panying paper of "Points for the consideration of Her Majesty's Government on the British Position in China," previous to the evacua- tion of Chusan,-and of sustaining those points, as they can only effectually be done verbally,-I closed my accounts for the half-year ending 30th June last at Hong Kong, and embarked in the fastest sailing vessel in China for Bombay, hoping to reach the mail steamer departing thence for Suez on 27th August.

In this I am disappointed, after considerable labour and expen se, the mail steamer having left this four days before my arrival here.

I deem the obtainment of Chusan of so great national importance, on political, commercial, financial, and religious grounds, and the recti- fication of our position in China (at Canton especially), of such moment previous to February next, that I am resolved to proceed through Persia, or by any route which will enable me to reach England before final orders have been issued by Her Majesty's Government for the evacuation of Chusan.

I therefore beg to transmit these "Points," and the appendices, to your Lordship by post, lest any accident befal me; and I venture to express a hope that the facts I have adduced therein, as well as my previous reports on Hong Kong, on Chusan, and "Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China," may be found suffi- cient to authorize Her Majesty's Government to hold Chusan, if only for a time, and to prevent, if possible, the French occupying that island, which intention I heard confirmed at Java on the 6th August last, the French Ambassador having just then quitted Batavia for China. Perceiving from the public journals, that Sir R. Peel is much pressed for a reduction or alteration in the tea duties, I beg to transmit herewith a section of a "Commercial Report on China" which I am preparing for your Lordship. The section (No. VI.) relates to the There are some tables which "Rise and progress of the tea trade." cannot be completed until I reach England, but I trust the section will be found of use to Her Majesty's Ministers.*

* This elaborate section is now at the Board of Trade. March, 1846.

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POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION

Governor Davis will doubtless forward to your Lordship the cor- respondence which terminated in my conditional resignation of the Treasurership of Hong Kong, in consequence of the Governor refusing me six months' leave of absence to enable me to lay immediately before your Lordship the information I had collected (after visiting every accessible part of China) on various subjects of great interest, especially with reference to Chusan, and to the large and unnecessary expenditure being incurred at Hong Kong and on the coast of China. I have only to entreat that your Lordship will suspend decision on the case until I reach England. The inclosed "Memorandum" of some of my services in China, although I was suffering during a great part of my residence there from climactic disease, will I trust be some proof that I laboured diligently to do my duty; and I can conscientiously aver that an anxious solicitude to be of some use to my country, and to deserve the support of your Lordship, has been the paramount and sustaining feeling of my mind.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN.

AMENDMENTS REQUIRED IN THE FINAL SETTLEMENT OF OUR AFFAIRS WITH CHINA, GIVEN то THE RIGHT HONBLE. THE EARL OF ABERDEEN, HER MAJESTY'S SECRETARY OF STATE FOR Foreign AFFAIRS.

London, November 12, 1845.

1st. A negotiation with the Chinese Government for the retention of Chusan, on the grounds stated in my "Minute on the British Posi- tion and Prospects in China," dated April, 1845, and in my paper of "Points submitted for the consideration of Her Majesty's Govern- ment," addressed to Lord Stanley, 3rd September, 1845.

2nd. A revision, if possible, of the 13th and 14th clauses of the Supplemental Treaty, which have prevented any native coasting trade with Hong Kong.

3rd. A declaration of the entire harbour* of Hong Kong belonging to England, and of the islands therein.

4th. An amelioration of the humiliating and comfortless condition of the British merchants at Canton.

* The islands in the harbour and those which lie around, commanding the island of Hong Kong, ought not to be left as neutral territory. Captain Haines, our able Political Resident at Aden, judiciously stipulated that the whole harbour of Aden, and a slip of land five miles deep along the harbour, should be ceded with Aden to England, together with all the islands in the harbour: and that the waters around, within reasonable soundings, should belong to the Aden territory. was proper diplomacy.

This

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5th. A permission for British ships to load and unload at Canton, instead of their being detained at Whampoa.

6th. A permission for British merchants to visit the cities attached to the Consular ports; such, for instance, as the wealthy trading city of Suchoo, of which Shanghai is merely the port.

7th. The establishment of a Consular port up the Yang-tze-kiang river at Chin-kang-foo, or at Nankin.

8th. The abolition of the English prohibition of British ships or subjects going beyond the 32nd degree of north latitude in China.

9th. The formation, if possible, of a Consular port at the Peiho river.

All these points I am prepared to prove are of the utmost value to the British interests in China, and may be obtained by negotiation with the Chinese Government without any violation of the treaty of Nankin.

R. M. MARTIN.

[Inclosure in letter to Lord Stanley of 3rd September, 1845.]

POINTS SUBMITTED FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT ON THE BRITISH POSITION IN CHINA.

1st. An immediate negotiation with the Chinese Government for the permanent occupation or continued retention of Chusan, and for the improvement of our position at Canton, &c., on the grounds stated in the accompanying paper marked A. (See paper of "Grounds" A.) 2nd. A reduction of the civil and military expenditure of Hong Kong, and a simplification of its Government. (See paper marked B Government establishments of Hong Kong, &c.)

3rd. A revision and retrenchment of the Consular and Superin- tendency of Trade departments in China. (See accompanying scale.)

The "Report on Chusan" explains the grounds for the retention of that island; namely:

1. As the most efficient means for preserving peace with China, by reason of its central and commanding position near the Yang-tze- kiang river, the great artery of the empire.

2. As pre-eminently adapted for a commercial emporium by its contiguity to the richest and most populous districts in China, and by its proximity to Japan, Corea, Mantchouria, Formosa, the Loochoo islands, &c.

3. As a colony, whence the Christian civilization of England may by precept and example be extended throughout China; its salubrity, fertility, peaceable industrious population, various valuable productions, extent, and fine harbours, rendering Chusan peculiarly eligible for a British possession.

None of the considerations which render Chusan so eligible for an English colony apply to Hong Kong, as shown in the report thereon, and in the "Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China." Hong Kong does not command anything, not even the Canton river; it can never be a commercial emporium by reason of its un-

517

}

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POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION

favourable geographical position, and the proximity of Canton and Macao; it can never be a colony, on account of its small size, rocky, rugged, barren structure, its insalubrious and depressing climate, and incapability of even producing food for its inhabitants for one week, it might be stated for one day, for our establishments, and its thieving piratical, worthless population, the refuse of China; and it cannot be made a fortification (even if England desired a fortification to protect nothing at the very extreme end of the Chinese empire), on account of the singular formation of hills and mountains, one commanding another, by reason of the proximity of the main land and of other islands; and further, from the difficulty, if not impossibility of keeping troops alive in Hong Kong, or, if alive, strong enough for active service: it would be absurd to create and maintain a fortress for no object what- ever. Even if Chusan be not obtained, there can be no justifiable grounds for incurring the present unnecessarily large civil and military expenditure in Hong Kong.

1st. This rock is no protection whatever to the trade of Canton; a stout frigate" at Whampoa, and a steamer off the factories at Canton, is a far more efficacious protection for our trade there than any garrison or fleet we could maintain at Hong Kong. The present position of the British representative and merchants at Canton, is in several respects worse than before the war: notwithstanding the large fleet and force we have at Hong Kong, our Consular establishment and merchants are subject to insult and even to violence if they move out of their houses, as recently shown; and in fact there is more freedom and respect for British subjects at any other of the Consular ports than at Canton, from whose city we are still debarred even entrance.

The

During the last three years, there have been frequent disturbances, tumults, and conflagrations affecting the life and property of Europeans, without the Cantonese caring about our position at Hong Kong. Americans have a trade nearly half the amount of the British at Canton; but they require no island like Hong Kong. The occasional presence of one of their ships of war at Whampoa, is their only and best support and protection. Last year an American brig of war, the "St. Lewis," off Canton, was more effectual in preserving British life and property, than Hong Kong, with a plenipotentiary, general, admiral, two regiments, and four ships of war!

2nd. In the event of another war with China, experience has shown that it may most rapidly and economically be terminated by a naval force; if it were resolved to employ soldiers, they must be sent from India, and any force we could keep at Hong Kong, would be utterly inefficient for any military invasion, or garrisoning of different cities in China, should, unfortunately, such a course be ever again adopted; but a few ships of war and steamers in the Yang-tze-kiang, would dictate peace in China, without even suspending our tea trade at Canton.

3rd. With regard to the protection of Hong Kong, should hostilities ensue with China, a local corps of 500 Malays and the "Minden" 74, moored in the harbour with one tier of heavy guns and a complement of 200 marines and marine artillerymen, would be more than adequate to resist any military or naval force which the whole Government of China could send against Hong Kong. And as regards protection against

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any foreign power with whom England might hereafter possibly be at war, this barren rock by the above-mentioned force would have far more protection than Singapore, and other of our valuable possessions which have ten times the amount of property ashore and afloat to protect, that Hong Kong is ever likely to possess. There can therefore be no national advantage in expending life and treasure by the main- tenance of an European garrison at Hong Kong; and the island being as ill adapted for a commercial emporium or political position, as it is a military garrison, there are no justifiable grounds for the present unnecessarily large Governmental establishments; a lieutenant and colonel commandant, a colonial secretary, a recorder, police magistrate, harbour-master, chaplain, and their subordinates, would fulfil every requisite duty. Thus the civil charges would be reduced to a scale commensurate with the revenue, and by vesting a municipal authority in the respectable European residents, they would assess themselves, provide the funds for police, sewers, roads, &c., administer them more efficiently than Government could do, and avoid irritating petty legislation and interference.

The civil expenditure of Hong Kong, therefore, may be advanta- geously reduced from £50,000 to £12,000 or £15,000 per annum ; the military from £150,000 or £200,000 to £20,000 or £25,000 per annum; and the several million dollars now proposed so unnecessarily to be expended on civil and military works may be saved from utter waste. The Consular stations and staff in China, require revision in several ways, but especially in the expenditure; even if we keep open the ports of Ningpo, Foochoo, and Amoy, the Consulate and Superin- tendent of Trade department charges may, with advantage to the public service, be reduced from about £30,000 or £35,000 a-year, to £15,000 per annum.

It would be necessary to retain at Shanghai a consul, but at the other three ports a vice-consul at each would be sufficient, and the Superintendency of Trade department ought to be abolished, as its duties. would be more efficiently done by a consul-general at Canton, with a supervising control. The consular salaries would be defrayed by bills drawn on the Lords of the Treasury. All correspondence would be direct between the Foreign Office and consul-general. At Ningpo, for instance, where no English vessel has traded for twelve months, and there is not one European merchant we have had during the last year, a consul, a vice-consul, an interpreter (although the consul is a superior Chinese scholar), a surgeon, first and second consular assistant, &c. At Foochoo, where there is no trade, we have a consul, (a vice-consul is named to proceed there,) an interpreter, no surgeon (the Consul being a surgeon), and two consular assistants, &c.

At Amoy we have a consul, a vice-consul, a surgeon, consular assistants, &c. One efficient vice-consul would fulfil the duties, if there were ten times the amount of the present trade at Amoy. The following scale of consular establishment would be amply sufficient for our present trade and position in China:

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POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION

124

CANTON:

Consul-General

Vice-Consul

Interpreter

Two Assistants at £400 and 300 each Contingencies, ordinary and extraordinary

Consul

Interpreter and first Assistant.

Second Assistant

SHANGHAI:

-£3000

£2000

900

500

700

900

-£5000

1500

450

250

•

Contingencies, ordinary and extraordinary

800

NINGPO:

Vice-Consul, to be acquainted with

Chinese language.

with}

800

Assistant

300

Contingencies, ordinary and extraordinary 400

-£1500

FOоCHOO, as NINGPO

1500

ΑΜΟΥ ditto

1500

£12,500

2500

£15,000

House-rent, &c., for each Consulate averaging

£500 a-year each

Total Consular and Trade department

If the soundness and justice of these views and opinions be denied on reasoning and facts entitled to consideration, it is suggested that a commission of three disinterested men be appointed to report on the whole question, after examining Chusan and the Consular ports.

The expense of this commission would be trifling and temporary compared with the large and permanent expenditure now being incurred from the British Treasury on the coast of China.

R. M. MARTIN.

PAPER A, IN POINTS SUBMITTED FOR CONSIDERATION, &c.

Grounds and Reasons for Negotiation with the Chinese Government respecting Chusan.

1st. The spirit and meaning of the Treaty of Nankin, in accordance with the proclamation issued by Sir H. Pottinger, in the Chinese lan- guage, when entering the Yang-tze-kiang river, June, 1842, was, that the English were to have an island adapted for a residence, suitable for a commercial emporium, and as a security against future war. one of these three points of view can Hong Kong be considered; but they all apply to Chusan in a pre-eminent degree. It is not to be sup- posed that the Emperor of China, in ceding Hong Kong, knew that he

In no

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was giving us a mere rock; incapable of producing sufficient food for the sustenance of its inhabitants for one day; almost uninhabitable for men a brief period, by reason of its insalubrious climate; totally in- adapted for commerce; and by its inutility and expensiveness, affording an excitement to, rather than a guarantee against, another war.

2nd. The great distance of Hong Kong from the seat of the Impe- rial Government, and from our increasing trade and interests in the central regions of China, require our having a minister resident at Pekin, with an attendant ship of war in the Peiho, unless we had Chusan for our residence.

3rd. By the possession of Chusan fewer of our people would re- quire to settle and establish themselves on the mainland, and abundant scope being thus afforded for British energy, enterprise and industry, there would be no possibility of continental aggressions or encroach- ments, which is likely to be the case when the English find themselves cooped up in a small barren, unhealthy rock, without trade, and devoid of any of the advantages which render life useful or agreeable.

4th. The English are entitled to residence in and free ingress and egress to and from the city of Canton. This has been hitherto denied: neither are they enabled to dwell in cool, healthy places in the sur- rounding country, or to take exercise; but they are confined to a few feet of ground in the suburbs, amongst the lowest class of the Chinese, and subject to daily insult and annoyance. All this is contrary to

treaty.

We will waive the right of entry and residence in the city of Canton, in consideration of obtaining Chusan for our residence.

5th. The Imperial Government desire to restrict the residence of Europeans to as few places as possible on the mainland. In considera- tion of obtaining Chusan, the English might consent to retire from Ningpo, Foochoo, and (if necessary to the obtainment of our object) Amoy.

There are several other points which can only be discussed verbally, but it is confidently felt that if the above five points were properly explained and urged, the Imperial Government would cede Chusan to England.

R. M. MARTIN.

PAPER B, IN POINTS SUBMITTED FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT.

Governmental Establishments of Hong Kong-Expense and Duties, &c., of each Department, with Economical Remarks on Reduction.

1. ESTABLISHMENTS AND EXPENSE.

Governor of Hong Kong, with the title of Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, and Superintendent of Trade. Salary per annum House-rent, &c., averaging Private secretary's allowance

Total annual charge

6000

700

300

.£7000

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POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION

A barren, traffickless rock, with not 150 resident Englishmen *, exclusive of Government servants, totally devoid of agriculture, manu- factures or commerce, and with a fluctuating predatory Chinese popu- lation, does not require a civil government, at least on this scale. When the salary of £6000 a-year was granted to the late Lord Napier, as Her Majesty's representative in China, it was expressly declared that this large sum was allowed in order that the hospitality and rank of Her Majesty's representative should be maintained. It is generally known in China, that the present Governor is not spending the interest which he derives from the deposit of his salary in one of the large opium firms in Hong Kong.

A military or naval commandant (the latter preferably, as we must maintain a naval force in China) with £1000 a-year in addition to the pay of his rank, would be sufficient for Hong Kong, even on its present scale of establishment.

The duties of Superintendent of Trade ought to be performed solely by a consul-general at Canton. It seems unnecessary accrediting a ministerial representative to a court where we are denied access; but if it be deemed necessary to retain a British plenipotentiary in China, his functions and rank ought to be kept distinct from those of trade superintendency (which the Chinese hold in low esteem), and from the petty office of Governor of a place like Hong Kong. Most desirable is it that the representative of British Majesty in China should be a man of expanded and generous mind, imbued with true Christian feel- ings, trained in European principles of politics, and known never to have been connected with commerce. With such a representative, Englishmen might obtain respect in China.

2. LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE COUNCILS. The annual expense will be about

£1000

The application of the laws of England to Hong Kong, and the institution of a municipality for all local purposes, would remove the necessity of maintaining the form of these councils, which are far beyond the necessities of the place, and produce considerable discontent.

3. COLONIAL SECRETARY.

Salaries per annum

Contingencies, ordinary and special, about General Department, wages, &c. about

•

£3000 200

300

£3500

The present duties of the Colonial Secretary might be performed by any ordinary clerk. They consist of answering yes or no to a few

* There are about 16 mercantile firms (most of them agents or correspondents of English house), and their clerks: 1 English missionary, 8 doctors, surgeons, and apothecaries, 2 attornies, 3 proprietors of newspapers, 6 to 8 English traders, 4 English auctioneers, 2 watchmakers, 2 bakers, about 10 or 12 publicans, and a few in nondescript positions. Of the whole not 100, scarcely 50 have any property at stake in Hong Kong. There are several American and European foreigners.

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127

official letters on trifling subjects, issuing notices in the Colonial Gazette, and signing his name to a few papers.

If a Colonial Secretary be maintained, he might officiate (being a barrister) as crown lawyer, save the expense of an attorney-general, take charge of intestate estates, &c., sit ex officio as conjoint magistrate in civil and criminal cases, issue licenses, and grant requisitions for paying quarterly or half-yearly into the commissariat all rents from crown lands, market dues, and fees. He would also administer to a few intestate estates that occur, and he would submit to the home authorities the draft of any legislative enactments deemed specially necessary for Hong Kong.

4. FINANCIAL COLONIAL TREASURER AND COLLECTOR OF REVENUE.

Annual expenses of establishment Cost of auditor and his office

£2300 1400

£3700

The whole of this sum of £3700 to £4000 per annum, may be saved to the British exchequer, and without any detriment to Hong Kong.

A Commissary must be retained, and the pay of the colonial servants may

be thence issued on the requisition and certificates of the Commandant and Colonial Secretary, as was the case previous to my arrival in Hong Kong. The rent of crown lands, markets, &c., and the licenses, fees, &c., due to Government, may be paid into the Com- This missary office, on the requisition of the Colonial Secretary. was also done previous to my arrival. The disbursement of nearly £4000 a-year from the taxes of England may thus be avoided. I feel bound to make this statement, however much it may operate against my personal interest.

5. SURVEYOR-GENERAL.

Average salaries, wages and contingencies, from £4,000 to £5,000

a-year.

It is difficult to state the fixed annual expenditure of this depart- ment. There has been the most lavish expenditure on useless attempts to make roads, bridges, and drains, which a few hours rain on the precipitous hills have washed into the sea.

There are really no military communications to be maintained at Hong Kong, and if the inhabitants think roads can be made over and along steep mountains or through the sea (as had been done in Hong It would be Kong), let them assess themselves for the purpose. advisable to abolish this department, for so long as any part is kept up, opportunities will be created to cause work and expense. Anything absolutely requisite can be done by the military engineer it would be advisable to retain; the present able colonial civil engineer ought to be retained to look after the crown property, and to aid the municipality in the formation of their streets, roads, sewers, &c.

520

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128

POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION

6. SUPREME COURT.

Average expense of salaries, contingencies, special disbursements, amounting to £8,500 or £10,000.

This establishment is upon a scale quite unsuited to a position like Hong Kong. Governor Davis said he expected the fees and fines would defray the charges of the department; they will not exceed £500 or £600 a-year.

With a few exceptions the civil and criminal business of the court has consisted of petty cases, which would be decided by the smallest bench of magistrates, or in many instances by a single police magistrate in England.

The formation of a bench of unpaid magistrates to act in ordinary criminal matters with the chief magistrate for chairman, and as a court of request for sums under £100 with the Colonial Secretary (a bar- rister) as chairman, would be an ample minor judicature for Hong Kong.

The Recorder at Singapore might have Hong Kong placed within his jurisdiction, and circuit made quarterly or half-yearly, as necessity arose, in the large monthly mail steam-packets.

The chief population at Singapore is Chinese.

Our merchants in Canton have long been in the habit of settling their differences by arbitration.

7. POLICE FORCE.

Police Superintendent, and Chief Magistrate, £9,000 to £10,000

a-year.

The expense and management of this force ought to be transferred A bench of entirely to the inhabitants assessed to a police rate. unpaid magistrates, aided by the chief magistrate and Colonial Secretary would of course aid in supervising the police. It is supposed there are 1,000,000 dollars invested in buildings liable to assessment. Many of these were constructed in the hope that Hong Kong would become a commercial emporium; and now that these ideas are proved to have been visionary, the value of this sunken property has been and will be considerably deteriorated; indeed it is rumoured that some houses will be left uninhabited.

Estimating the assessable property so high as 800,000 dollars at 5 per cent., this would yield about £8000 a-year, for which a large police may be maintained. Time, however, can alone determine whether any police will prevent burglary, robbery, and piracy in Hong Kong. Judging from past experience the countless ladrones of China having numerous and almost untraceable and inaccessible haunts on the sur- rounding islands and the main land, will ever render property insecure in Hong Kong; and now that incendiaries are at work, and they are organising in bands with fire-arms, it is very probable life itself will be held in constant jeopardy and alarm.

8. HARBOUR-MASTER, AND MARINE MAGISTRATE DEPARTMENT. Average expense, about £2,000 a-year.

So long as there was a large fleet, with transports and other vessels

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129

rendezvous in Hong Kong during the war, the duties of this depart- ment were onerous and well performed. But now, when very few ships resort to Hong Kong, and the majority merely "look in for orders," the maintenance of an establishment on this scale is unnecessary. The duties of marine magistrate ought, as in other colonies, to be performed by the usual police and magisterial authority. The present harbour- master and marine magistrate has worked hard for nearly four years, and would make a useful officer at the Cape of Good Hope or Australia. His assistant is well acquainted with Hong Kong, Canton, and the neighbourhood, and if made harbour-master, with an efficient boat's crew, the charges might be reduced one-third their present amount.

9. REGISTRAR GENERAL.

£1500 per annum.

Establishment about This department is perfectly unnecessary. The registration of the Chinese inhabitants is a measure of police, and by that department it ought to be performed. The yearly census of the fixed inhabitants may be made in one week by the police superintendent; registration has not checked in the slightest degree, the resort of all descriptions of lawless vagabonds, thieves, and pirates, from the contiguous main land; neither has it tended to aid in the discovery of criminals or of stolen property, notwithstanding the large expenditure for police.

No fee is levied on registration. This £1500 a-year department ought not to have been created*.

Salary

10. COLONIAL SURGEON.

Contingencies, ordinary and extraordinary

Averaging per annum

£600

200

£800

The diminution of the Government establishments would require the abolition of this office.

The present and late colonial surgeons at Hong Kong, dearly earned their salaries, visiting the numerous sick in a burning sun, and at all hours.

The former surgeon resigned from ill health, being unable to sustain the requisite labour in such a climate; the persent excellent man is also much deteriorated in health, and deserves removal to some healthy colony.

Salary Contingencies

11. COLONIAL CHAPLAIN..

£700

£750

Within the last month this very department has been confirmed by the Secre- tary for the Colonies, and gazetted; although the above remarks have been in the Colonial Office for several months.-R. M. M. March 10, 1846.

521

130

POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION OF GOVERNMENT.

Peculiar circumstances rendered it imperatively necessary, that if any Government were established by England in China, it should be founded and conducted on decided and manifest Christian principles, and that an example at least should be given by those placed in autho- rity, to the nominal Christian as well to the professed heathen. from the very commencement of the Government at Hong Kong, religion in principle or in practice, in even its mere outward ordinary observances, has scarcely been a matter of subordinate or secondary consideration.

Alas!

The English missionary, the American baptist, the Italian jesuit, the Indian moslem, the deistical Chinese, have each a substantial and characteristic stone structure, for the celebration of the religion they profess; but the Divine service of the church of England is still celebrated in a mat shed, the chaplain is grudgingly paid a stipend of which a considerable portion is expended by him in charity and education, a small allowance for house-rent has been recently stopped, (it was even suggested that he should provide and pay for a clerk,) candles were denied for evening service, and, had it been possible, the pittance accorded for performing the rites of Christianity, would have been diminished or cancelled altogether.

A sacred responsibility devolves on England in respect to her colonies: they will be either the instruments of her prosperity and pre- eminence, or of her ruin anddownfall.

It is fearful to see how soon the best moral principles are oblite- rated in a colony where the Governors and those in high authority and position in society pay little or no regard to religion, and how quickly a virtuous and rightly educated youth becomes dead to every Christian attribute. Inordinate pursuit of gain, isolation from domestic associations, and the demoralizing habits of what is termed "colonial life," sap, corrupt, and finally destroy many a gifted and guiltless

mind.

Better for England to be deprived of every colony, and contracted to her own insular limits, than to neglect in the outposts of her empire those principles, and that Christian conduct to which alone, under the special favour of Divine Providence, she owes her peace and happiness at home, her power and prosperity abroad, and her domi- nion throughout the world.

R. M. MARTIN.

[A copy of this document was also given to Mr. Goulburn, at his request, 13th Nov., 1845.]

131

APPENDIX.

CHINESE MANUFACTURES.

SHORTLY after my arrival in China, and with a view to the extension of our manufactures, I addressed the following letter to Governor Davis, to which his Excellency did not even deign to give me the slightest answer, verbally or in writing. The language which the Governor applied to the British merchants in China, forbad the hope of my succeeding in the object contemplated by further applica tion. The French and other foreigners adopted the very steps indicated in this letter:-

To his Excellency John Francis Davis, Esq., Governor.

(No. 37 A.)

H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, Sir,

June 29, 1844.

WITH a view to making the manufacturers of Great Britain generally acquainted with the manufactures of China, I beg leave to propose to your Excellency that a sum not exceeding 500 dollars (104l. 3s. 4d.), be appropriated to the purpose of purchasing articles in domestic and personal use in different parts of China, for transmission to the Lords Committee of the Privy Council for Trade and Planta- tions in England.

Should your Excellency concur in this proposition, I would suggest that the articles be purchased in sets of six in number; one for reten- tion at the Board of Trade in Whitehall, London, the others for transmission to the Chambers of Commerce at Manchester, Birming- ham, Leeds, Sheffield, and Glasgow, or such other places as their Lordships of the Board of Trade may be pleased to direct.

The articles which I would propose to select would be-1st, materials used for wearing apparel by the lower classes of society in the northern as well as southern parts of the Chinese empire,-whole pieces to be purchased as made up by the native manufacturers, with the length and breadth, and the wholesale and retail price affixed to each piece, together with information as to the more or less general use of the article, the districts where it is worn, and such other details as may guide our manufacturers and merchants in the preparation as well as disposal of the commodity.

2nd. A selection of the materials worn by the wealthier and highest classes of the community; with the same remarks as in the preceding.

3rd. A selection of household, agricultural, or manufacturing arti- cles, where made of iron, brass, lead, pewter, or other metals.

•

4th. Domestic and personal ornaments or objects of general use, such as paper for walls, hangings, or tapestry, coarse or fine lamps, glass, armlets, combs, &c.

5th. Articles in general use for the junks and maritime population.

522

132

INTERCOURSE WITH JAPAN.

The effect of such a collection would be to make known generally to British manufacturers and merchants, the articles in demand in China, instead of this knowledge being restricted to a few individuals; thus the prime cost of the manufactures would be reduced, and trade promoted.

I venture to think that the measure that I have now the honour to suggest would be satisfactory to Her Majesty's Government, and indicate to the mercantile interests at home, that no means are neg- lected which may promote the commercial intercourse between England and China.

Should your Excellency sanction this outlay, it will afford me much satisfaction to carry the measure into effect with judicious economy.

I have, &c.,

R. M. MARTIN,

Treasurer.

INTERCOURSE WITH JAPAN, &c.

COMMERCIAL SUGGESTIONS for mercantile intercourse with one. hundred million of people. (Given to the Earl of Aberdeen and Earl of Dalhousie, in November, 1845.)

1st. An attempt to form a commercial communication with Japan, contain- ing about thirty million civilized inhabitants, whose Government, being aware of our successes in China, are now better disposed to enter into friendly negotiations with us.

Before this feeling has passed away, we ought to avail ourselves of its existence.

[I was assured at Java, in August last, that the Japanese Government were in expectation of a visit from the English, and that the Government at Jeddo would now receive an amicable commercial mission.]

2nd. The arrangement of commercial treaties with Siam, Cochin China, and the adjacent rich countries, containing an estimated population of fifty million, hitherto neglected. These countries abound in gold and silver, and are rich in valuable mercantile products. Their Governments have also heard of our suc- cesses in China, and would be disposed, under their present feelings, to admit us on fair commercial terms to their ports, which the Americans and French are now visiting.

3rd. The establishment of a Trading station (not an expensive colony) on the peninsula of Corea, or on Quelparts island, at the southern extremity of the peninsula of Corea. Corea belongs neither to China nor to Japan; it has a fine climate, good agriculture, timber, fruits, &c. ; it has a population of about twenty millions, and we ought to establish a commercial intercourse with them. A Trading post in this neighbourhood would soon produce commerce with all the large sur- rounding regions, including Mantchouria, Northern China, the Kurile islands, Japan, &c., and be an excellent station for our whaling-ships, or for intercourse with the western coast of America.

R. M. MARTIN.

LONDON: HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE.

AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.

It is impossible to survey this vast territory, teeming with millions of industrious, skilful, intelligent, but still semi-civilized people, without feeling a deep interest in their advancement, and an anxious desire that England should fulfil the important duties so mysteriously assigned for her performance.

The opinions stated in this Minute have been expressed in different parts of China by men of far-seeing minds, engaged in various pursuits.

There never has been a question presented to my understanding on which I have felt a stronger conviction than that the evacuation of Chusan in February next, without any change in our present negative policy, will be the prelude to great misfortune, which we shall in vain endeavour to retrieve.

I have not spoken to one disinterested person in China--no matter his rank, grade or profession-on the contemplated evacuation of Chu- san, who has not expressed alarm or regret at such a measure,

and none more so than the Americans, whose Consul at Canton, Mr. Forbes stated to me that the American Government were very apprehensive of the French getting possession of Chusan, as it would be a prelude to political intrigue and disturbance; that he, Mr. Forbes, understood the French intended to settle on Chusan soon after we gave up the island; that he was of opinion there were some secret negotiations going on between his Excellency M. Lagréné (who ranks high as a jesuit) and Keying, who had offered the French the valuable and commanding island of Chuenpee, near the entrance of the Bogue, thuscompletely commanding the Canton river, but which M. Lagréné rejected, in the expectation of getting Chusan; M. Lagréné, indeed, remarked to me in November last, that Chusan was the only is

CO129/18 - Others | 1846