11
!
Hory Kong
1845.
1
Pol: 3 Miscellaneous
blic
Gril
1
е
62107
:
Ho
Com
2
ury
House o
Commor
Copy
RECEIVED
JAN.31
1846
180 HongKong
Resolved,
House of Commons.
Jovis, 29° die Januarii, 1846.
That an humble Address be presented to Her Majesty, that She will be graciously pleased to give directions that there be laid before this House, a Return of the annual Receipt and Expenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong made up to the latest period for which accounts have been received, showing the gross receipts from the various branches of Revenue, under their different heads; distinguishing the amounts levied in the Colony from Parliamentary Grants, and stating the expenditure under its various branches. >j
I H
Foreign Office
?
noch
H. Frenchan day, Lie
1846
Forvarded by SAN!
#Mundock 31 MEStephen 31 Lord Lyttelton
"SEC Gladstone | 31
2 Febr.1845
4
Lunedincited. & Mr
Secretung Gladstone to haus mit Wonheceurth
the Copyspace Address
Cong presented to It Me Mutous
Hommons callington
actain returns relative to the Revenue and
Expenditure of the fglong of Hallong.
As the returns
in this Office with not Enable In Gladstone to make a complet
complete retium
to this Address, Same to
request you
dondo Comme
comove the
of the
directions for the
togive dire
preparation opit in their
dardships Dept.
haver
le
Adr
ard
Agent
Foreign Office
Tom
Off
House
Comm
5
Agent
House
Comme
Mr. Magen
he made at the
Jusfi0
?
Admiralty
ما
rd of
Foreign
Of
Towe
sury
Admiralty
}
Thenan
FEB.
M..
1846
17
My
aran Gladstone In undland
mind al
the Admically tr
huruths ago,
Counquance of
consight
in
not
forwarded to the
མ་ Colonial Office
އ
they ought to hum
bren-
bile por
farid enough
send them bech
un when fin
ми
Cam mad thems
физ
Admirals Sanj 2
·8
I anclude this st. Du
Amidad as a
covering
letter the papers as fanucand officially
Wh. Ja31
Papers returned.
3. Jeb746.
Intered
Captain Hamilton R. R.
Forwardedby 1346 Mr. Smith
29
Stephen Lord Lyttelton
29
M.SE&Gladstone 25
238
Si
9
30 January 1846.
With references to letter of the 17 I have
sny letter
altans,
received Mr. Secretar Gladstone's directions
to transmit to
you
the Great Seal of the United Kingdom, prepared in pursuance
3rd of Jan in 1848. a Commission under
Art
Order of Her
of Majesty
in Council
dated the 28.dulto
23rd
Corpowering the Lords Commissionen the Adminally
ہو
Hou Com
Admi
to appoint
Luminal, and
a
Vice
the Vulge,
Officcis required for
Vice a Court of Admiralty in the
Island of Hong Kong
this
I also hranoun't an Account of the expenses to be advanced from the Funds of Department for payment of the charges in passing the Commission an question, amounting to Thirty via and I am
request
move
you
Sounds, 14791
हर
will
7 the Lords
Patent Office # 15-16. Signet Office 5-5- Crown Office 15-13-
Siguct
Z
3614m
10
Commissioner of Admnially to give the racesary directions for repaying Iwith, the Chief Clock of this office,
to M
the amount to he advanced for this
sewice
ard
Foreign Office
Hom Of
reasury
House
Comm Admiral
J
REFCEIVED
FEB 6
1946
238.
23 tháng tông
B. Stephen 8.7
سلام
ود.
11
édesiatly Hy
4 February 1841
Having laid before
my Lord, Coummison
of the
B
atty
Jour Letter of the 31 Junery housmitting
by direction of ter Vecretary Gladstone Commission under the
The Great Seal of the lenited Kingdom
Q
ес
empowering
дел
Lordships to appoint
a
Vie Adencial
Judge
and other
Ледибид
proper Offeines re for a Courts of the
ев
Advically in the
Island of Hong Kong, and requesting
the
theol
Charger for fasting the Commission in
Downing Hesat.
questio
2...y
ury
House Comm
Admiral
question
Ac
teng
lotte sum of £36,149
be-repaid to the
may
Colonial department;
acided
by their Drolships & aquarels you for Me Secretary Gladstone's information that directions have been
given to thin folicitin
accordingly-
مه
Jei
Jove most obedient
hulle ju
ها
WORK amitting
6 Fib
This should be shown to hd.
Smith before it is also he
239.
10. Feb. The
publy
question rec? by
-
a
FEB 6
Step
1846
4/4.6
'16
Hong
29 tháng động.
ephen Eig
4.4. Colonical office
бе
12
41 Feb:710116
My Lords Coming
news of the Admioty having been pleased
6 appoint the Chief Justice Johre Walter
Staline Ex or the
Chief Justice for the lince being
be
Count
badge of the of tire Adenially in the Island of
chạy động,
gee
Governur sie Premis
Davis Bact be be Vie Adenial of
the said Islaved and
its dependent ies I love it in fon
Cam.
to aequariol you
there with for the
informati
Agent
eign
ffice
on
sury
House Commo Admiralt
information of her Secretary Gladstone
ith reference 6. Jour
unicatio
of the 17 December 1845, and Wet the
Patents of these
Appointments will
Remccaine at the
Registry Office, Doctors Comme
مس
to be taken up
fi
wool bedient
се
hile proment
Boskamiting
13
d
Agen
reign
Offic
Hon
ury
House o
Commo
Admiralty
..
های ته
Former Papers - Vide 238. Aden - _
J Z I
Per W.238 H.K.
97/9369
པལབ་ཡི
Ada
-16.
Gov.
14
ཀ
299 Sagkung
Admiralty Registry
/Doctors Comment
19th Prb 7 1846
Feb
RECEIVED
FEB.20
1846
افات
beg leave to transmit a Patent which has been prepared in this Registry in obedunce to the Command of the Lords Commissionint of the Admically appointing Schn "Walter Hulme Esquire judge of the Vice Admirally Court of the Island of Hong Kong
the
and
Sami Ma
may
have to Request - What We be forwarded to Hong Kong through the Governor and delivered to Mr. Italine on payment of the Stampe and This due thereupon Amcounting to Lyu.
15.10.
De Iushactions as to the Annual Value of the Office granted by this Patent having
been given the Stamp of £2. has
James Stephen Ery
been
oreign
Of
asury
پر
House o Common
Admiralty
been used as the lowest amoun
of Daly payable under the Act 55th G10: 3rd Cafe 184.
may
If the Emoluments exceed £50 per annum the patent
be returned to the Regist of the Admiralty Doctors Commer with an Intimation as to the Annual Value of the Emclancen in order that the proper Stamp applicable under the Act m
be affixed.
Jam,
Si,
1
most obedient Ser
ner mot
your
#Whaler
heritan
!
ར་་
15
ard
Foreign
Office
Ho
Off
reasury
House o Commor Admiralty
20 db Lord Restellend
presume that the proposed
St. ? he made to the for?
by
7
In 287
KK.
Peter Smith Ly
1846
ས་
16
Dr 1. the Fre-Fund of the
High Court of
Court of Admiralty
Tpt 7. To fur for Letters Patent
app & Sohn W. Hulme En Judge of the Vice Aduuially (rect at
Hong Kong, March, I7-15-1.
To Dr Nice Admcials
patent
6.5-10
£14-1-8
oreign
House o
Commor Admiralty
į
弘
Fide
24
"
572 HongKons
RECEIVED
APR 7
1846
S. Aphen Eng
r
Colonial Office
17
Adhematty
4 Afiil 1846.
With reference to your
Letter of the 5th November lash requesting the opinion of my
Lords Commissioners of the Adumalty, whether the Law
expenses incurred by Rear
Erdmiral Sie Thomas Cochrane
エス
Hong Kong in prosecuting
the Editor of the Friend Ihina Newspaper for a Libel, should We paid by the Public; I am dam & acquaint you,
commanded t
for Ses. Gladstones information, Looks having
that my
My
now
received the particular the
occurrence
are
of opinion that
the amount should be defraged
by the Public. Jam,
Com moch obechint
humble Suivant Alimedros
provent
Forcion
easury
Commor
House o
Admiralty
18
Japul
Former Papers sent dow Governor - 19 July 1845-h? 104
C.O.Khom? 5 hod.
Advisetty 10
C.U. to Teasary
1/
14
"
25
"
Jessary & Dur.
C.O. to Gors. 15
די
"
he
ne
20.174
and bestelling.
apferhund that this holm
"What the holminally
apprized of the correspondence which
has laken place behind this Offic
the Pratory since the Letter
thin 50th hor. (here answered)
was written: and that
they ol?, therifne, be desined to make
whatever are
rangements
mad
te
а
machang for thien inderailty of
hi Tho! Cochran against this char
Mr G. 2.Z L.
I should adot
with the letter to the Admiralty
to kan it to
ний пра игрой
concern of ours (2) I do wrote that befficient fund hit so as to imply no opinion upon the inclemification itself for to take such tops in the matter as they think advisable
(1) it is no
is laid for it my ap.
i
| (330 | | |
O
ard
Foreign Office
Hom
reasury
House o Commor Admiralty
sury
ibred
572 Skny
Captain Haniellen M
где
1846
Forwarded by
MR. Murdock G. MEStethen
Lond Lyttelton
MSEC Gladstone g
I
Vedi 24 April 146
C.O.20 Noug45.
Десня
Fry & Demps
And I 17 April 14.
مسلم
19
D.S. 14. April 146.
M.
Jam dialect lyste. Sunching
Acknowhage the wipe
of thr. Amedoozi Letter the 44 : Instant stating the opinion of the Lude Commiprimers of the Admirals that tho Apences meined
meived by then Adammel bis S. (ochome proskintig
ване
at W. Kors in prookenk g the boctor of the Trendy "China"" Newspaper fore Sibil shulabe deforged
Athi Public.
M
Gladstone desires mit tranmit, for the eifer - matione alle Lude y
the
the Run
House o Commor
Admiralty
Correspondence or the subject between
this Department and
the Board of
Juanny
And to prest that. Im
biruld
ther
proposes
Inochips to suck
Amangements witho
mitter as
They may
thick advisable.
Lande
24
April 416.
Jolor-52.27 May 1846
RECEIVED
APR. 18
プ
4X4
Vir
し
Su
Ковал
20
vatty
17 April 1846
reply & your Letter of the 14. Ies" transmitting Copies of a Correspon do
t of th subject
ori
the see
лесе
er
expenses incurred by Rear Admiral fir T. Cochaire Mhong Kong
in prosecuting
the Editor of the "Friend of China".
Newspaper and requesting
that seek
angements may
be peoposed in the
Me
etter
A L
the Board
of Admiralty may
think advisable;
Sacre
Jiner Elephone Ext
Colonial Affic
cou
aceded
6
ard
1
Foreigu
Office
Ho
10 Ο
easury
Housero Commor Admiralty
b
quaint four for the information of Mir Secretary Gladston that as there fordships have already stated.
if
their opinion
that the Adencial
acted for
the benefit
of the Public and that
shoreld
Le
the expere not therefore fall
on
Lime, My Lords
suggest
would s
t le
the Adeniralty.
should pay
the
charge
account and
it under the head
of Law expenses
Varun,
Fir
Jour
most bedient.
humble Dewant
Messamiller
с
:-
rd
Avent
Foreign
Office
Hom
#
Of
asury
House o
Commor Admiralty
answer differelend is that this is a questions
on which hd. Gladstone
טטוי
Offer 1.0
Opinion
which he does not conceive himself to have
I'm cerw
and wills
Official
hob he presumes that it will be property adjusted between the Lords landt of the Aiden 2 Uie Londe Cond! of the Prase zu Dr. Gledels
inly.
Crea
to where the
moch Anz Dang ht
Cry
ท
charge tool.
it is not properly liable f MAG. Ap
by
ap 21
مکلام
14.
709 H. Kong
(aplain Hamilton Athe
де
ہے
22
rd
Foreign Office
He
Of
24. Apul 1407
casury
1846
kerurted by arn:
Mendach 22)
22
vallattalion 2.3 M Sublandsline 237
And . 27) April (46
2846
Jobov: 52.27 may 24t
سال
Sunctury Gladstone of behnowhape the reeiph opuntether of the 77. Intant stating
that the
Snds Commiproners
of the hamirally told hjert that this pences suciined by bir Thome, Cochine at Akong in prosecuting the "Friend " by China" "News Leper Should be paid the holminthe and Chered under the head of Laws spencer.
House o Commor
Admiralty
Ireply Sam Wrequest junto inform then Luostit
Lmoship, part of Un subject-
that this is a question mohich MeGladstone
Can offer no opinion, & with which he does not Conceive himself to have any Official Concern,
The
presumes
but that he presi that
it will be purporting Adquisit " Welween the L. Crytti
Adude and the L. C. ytt
Keene : - One Sledstine
duty on this case
mly Concer
r
being
Whine the hunny of
نور
R
17 King prom a Charg
o
to which it is not superh hable.
n
J
لة
725 China
RECEIVED
APR 26 18-6
Les Saphen logs
Colonial Office
L
23
Adunatly
21 Jul 176
Aquil.
Foreign Office
Ho Off
I am commanded by my Luis Commissioners of the
Admiralty to transmit to you herewith forth information of
Mor Secreting Gladstone, copy of a letter from Rear Admnial Sie Thomas Cochrane, dated 26th Johnny best, M47, reporting the State of Affai Canton, and furbable delay
Levacuation of the Island of Chutan.
Jorn mostobedient
from the Savant
Many
casury
House c Common Admiralty
ز
人
24
Agent
rd of
Foreign
Office
Home Of
casury
House o
Commor Admiralty
be
во
23 April
und bestilting
The hedonically will of course
this to the F. O. I
putty.
have commen
fonsume, therefore, that
MAG. Apr. 23
by ap 24
た
1
..
A
oreign
Office
Ho
asury
Copy
1047
In
China
Si
25
Egencount at Hong Kong
26th Feb 7 1046
with reference. their Lordships
t
of
Communication the 24 Norr lust ho17/
I have the honor
to acquaint you
Heat Here does not.
appear to be any prospects of an early evacuation of the Island of bluusan. The despatches of
Her Majesty's Menspo
toubiary with
tentiary will no doubt Communicate to Ber
Majesty's Gort, the opposition
the Secretary of the made by the people of Adumralls
London
Cantan
House o Common Admiralty
Canton to carry outs the Ready
Treaty of havin
with regard to theat City - and the un- willingness of the authorities to enforce
obedience to itson
their parts and from which quescent State of Thungs I do not see any symptor of a desire to depart
But under any
circumstances there.
is little probability of my being able to remove the Troops and Stres from Chusan before Lune. Suby next. Thom
11.
tome mus calculation,
there has hot been.
Neur
Tonnage enough
here
}
26
here to carry off the Teas waiting at Canton for Chefment.
and Merchantsure
in vain offering
24 and 40 perton to obtain com
Conveyance Sam informed
that it will be the
change of the monsoon before the arrival
of thises sufficient
to carry off the tens in question, can be calculated co- and a further period before the amount of Zonnage (which I estimate at from.
3 to 4000 Zous) will be disposable for bringing off the staw from Cunsan, and
Conveying
oreign Off
asury
House Commo
Admiralt
conveying On Twoses
to their respective
destinations.
Could Ieven approximate to an opinion asto When the Chinese
Govt may choose
to give effect to the Treaty of Nanking, I might form judgment as to the expellency of, at once, engaging at Calcutlu the proper-
number of Transfiets
for
of
the com
conveyance
the Chusan
Garrison; but in
my
021
entire ynirance
this subject I
might incur a
heavy and funtles
expense, wethout
}
27
d
Foreign Office
fawarding the object
to which it was
directed
Cleave &
Lyned)
This boekenne
Mear Admiral
L
asury
&
House o Commor Admiralty
:
3
807 Hongkong
AVCEIVED
APR 28
1846
Gov.
52-27 May 1046
23
Adrimally
27 April 1846
In reply to th letter of the 20
Jam
сог
6th Sustant
manded by
My Lords Commissionen of the Admiralty to
ladstones information that their Lordships have made this
arrangements
for defraying the expence
incurred
Rear Admiral
fin 7. S. Cochrane in
the Friend prosenting
of Chania Inapaper. and only interoded by then letter of the 17th Instant, to make for Gladstone acquainted with their
annes Stephen Cage intentions in his
Colonial Office
Jam
You
mont obedient Leumble Servant
WORKamille
oreign Office
asury
House o
Commor
Admiralty
28 April Land Lestelling
20
This closes this correspondence
Arch.ahu. 29
жарга
Add 807.
Gov. Good Hongkong
52
29
ཏཾ, ་ ་ ཤD
Si Shu Dain Bert:
1846
Forwarded by MAY.
K
MR Mondock 26 M&Stephen
26
ENEC Gladstone
Lord Izitellon 27 27
with
}
27 Mayw46.
причинивут llerpetit ofthe 2. Murd
hell
March
incting the lopy
gesetter from Sir Homes Crehrane in theithe
states that he await the
final decision atte Bendgbeinmalf Elation of the payment of the Costs of the 4-efficio
Libel
prosecution for instituclid in his applection Heuch informys
that arrangement have Stend
been
Cons: of the Dremmily
reign
Office
Ho
asury
House o Commo
Admiralt
for defraying
deponzing the Syfones,
سکس شندور
1
Su
3
1924 Hongkong
C
SEP 23
1846
Adumalty, 26th Sep. to7 046.
Having lard befors my Lords
fommissioners of the Admiratty your Letter of
June 1866 the 2nd Instant, with sony of a Dispatch from
1649/
happy. B. You: 35-17
harves wit
Sir !. Davis, reporting the mecesures which he
had an lopted for fitting
out a
fringer to be
employed against divates in the vicinity of
đông đông,
and in the ocasional conv.
of the Mail, Sam
conveyanc
summanded by my Lorchs
30
fommissioners of the Admiralty to acquaint
your for the information of Earl Greys that
floral Department
тар
Foreign Office
Ho* Of
easury
House Commo
Admiral
31
d
my Lorder entirely
his Lordrhess
concu
necessary
Foreign Office
views
of
the subject, and are
mea
of oscincoin that the
Hom Of /
Jam Sin
easury
Vefel or Vessels to be employed on this
duty
Jour
most obedient Servant
should be attached as an
a Sender or Tenders to the
Ray Ship at Hong Kong, be commanded by
Oficer
or more
o
of Her Majestys Navy, who might
be apprential by the Admiral from the slay these
for that duty, and that wich bepel or bepels
bemanned by
and ruch au
a certain number of Seamin
Penty of furnice or banellen Mun
سه
or the Harnival might think
посеринку
знаеш
House Commo
Admiralt
29 befe Mr. Dardock
better able than I and to explasis the state of this quashin, which,
C.Oct. See the an
during my absence formes
19244 A. Kong
loso,
29.
This refers to any note of the 27 of Jefes or 1924. I ImStephen
the
Lord
this
In the mouths of Lune they ! 1845. Road Wberdeen transmitted to this Office a proposition Countie J. Davis to fit out to Cruizers for upprepion of Piracy in the vicinity of St. Shong,
Theinausts The Chinese Merchants having offered, if he would to bear the greater part of the experise. Hauly authorized Sir J. Davis to carry
J. scheme into effect. On the 5 Junelust Sir). Davis reported that the Chinese Merchants had withdrawn from their Offer to pay the expense there Cruizers, and that in consequence he had defraged out of the Colonial Revenue howpense of buildings aced fitting out one
Pirates. munger wohermplaged againest!
was a material change of the original flan
T
This
a de
to
meniating
не
comme
hat
the Vapel
nevertheless hord grey decided brecommendurically express then concurrence in And
handgrey
We auction it as anexperinwordships opicion, as to the character to the Treasing brauction it as but with a caution this J. Davis not to incertemplaged _ Ipresume, thenfore, that hir his expenditure, and to report on it as soond. Daves should be informed that It Mesod! sufficient experience should have been ot auction the employment of this Cruciger under to the leducts this life firesunt arrangement as avesperiment _ but But in can that had been taken, dord Grey expressed to it if Ashould hereaftir bedecided permanents
such a Vesel, whether it as a
: permanent measure, thremplag
wind any would then be put in tcommand her, Employment of a schooner, manned and any
would she would be placed under the immediate officered the Civil Goud of the Colony,
Naval Commander in of the Naval Commer be so advantageous as the emplagment of or hers commanded fan Officer of the Navy, anation. under the direct authority of the acting meder the
doubt whether if
Admiralty.
aidary
The Freasing
the 18 leto
си
gave ther
sauction to the expense of this Cringes, and
6th Oct. ker. Hawer. 6.00. B
ам
offien of 5.m.
2
the
Jub.
The CM 4 bet sub
卫
We at the same time benarmitting a copy
the restrictions proposedly LordGrey, and to this litter home the Admiralty pointy But
Now the vessel might be.. fluced under their controle
F
ai
Intered
1924, không đông
Capt. M. A.B. Hamillon
B
16.
Mythen 16
Dovitney 18
Si
34
24. Scloter 1046.
With reference to
your letter of the 26th Alle respecting the meanner to be adopted for fitting out
и
bruger to be employed
against Inits in the
sury
20.35-17 oct 146.
directed by
Sail
namity of W. Kong, I am Sarl Grey to
transmit to que, for the
information of the L. C. of the Admically, a Copacz fin
in Despatit. which Mis Lordship has adduhet to the four of that Colony on the subject, in aeter
that the recessary instinctions
May
House Comme Admiralt
may be comeged to the Admunal
the Nation
for placing the taffel in question under the Command
of an Officer of the hang,
& M
a
Manning
her with
cutain number of British Leamen,
as recommended
by their Inships
Jamy
Sir
1324 Hong Mor
Mong I Admiralty
RECEIVED
CCT30
35
27th Oct? 1846.
In returns to your Letter
of the 24th must enclosing
& Coby
of a Deshatel addressed by Earl Grey to the Governor of the fitting
Stong kongre
Kong respecting
out of a Cruizer to be employed against Pirates in the trainity of that Colony; Jam commanded by my
Lords Commissioner of the Admiralty to state for the information of Lord brey that the beeepery instructions Love been given to Rear Admiral Sin the ? Cochrane for placing
the
James Staplers Ex 2
Colonial Office
Foreign
reasury
کرنے
:
House o Commor Admiralty
the Cruizes in question under
the command of an Officer in
Her hajesty's havy
ата
Lender
to the Flag Ship at stong kong aud for manning her with
British Leamen & China.
Mamille men.
Lam, Lie
Bons most obedient
Lumble Servant.
Ir & Ward
1
1
T
!
36
1
Foreigu Office
Hom Off
qual
reasury
Hou
Com
7
Admi
Ihr Haus
Ith communicated tothe Gove
EPO
BH
I think this unnecessary after What has been already written. - Bubby
ов по
Li
1325.
Honey Morg.
TRECEIVED
OCT.30 1346
37
Adunathy
29th Coctober 1876
Lamn
commanded
by my
Lands
Commisioners of the Admiralty to
aquaint your for the infarination of
Earl
Grey
Hat Rear Adinal Si Homas
a
Cochrane Leving Submitted hat distinct scale thould be fixed for the
Naval Face the Employed
to be
Amount
of
Af
and
the Coast of China
on ad
mary occasion,
Lnds have
my
Zlawes Esque
directed the hear Achennal & consider
to following as the proper face to be
formanently keft ufor the west of
China
Colonial Office
Foreign Office
do
reasury
House o Commor
Admiralty
China namely -
One repel in each consular Post. Ane Frigate and
Cine Tham
Pipel.
Jam
form mosorted int
humble Servant
&& Ward
дж
1
}
38
Agent
Foreign
Office
Home
06729
Hous
Comn Admira
to the Gorming
BA
Joh connanecated
Der Bann
Oct. 30
ан
حید سے
Foreign
Office
H ΟΙ
reasury
Foreman
in John
·B
41.
Davis.
letter
4
A
4
5
16.
1325 Bughong
Lis
5 N/46
39
The Loss Commissioners of
the
Aceminetty here apprised
Me that. Rear Admniel Sir Thes : Cochrane having
Submitted thich a distirich
scale should be fixed for the amouich of Naval Force to be employed at Hong
Hong
Chiria
and on
огл
the Coast of
ordenary occasions,
ordinary
thur Lordships have_
Hous Comm
Admira
E.
directial the Pear Kolmical
to Consider the following Proper force to be
as the
permanently kept apron
the Coash of Chiria
One
each Consular Port
Refel in
el sin each
One Fargite and
One them Papal
прое
Shove
A
:
Agent
40
Foreign Office
Ho
reasury
House Comm
Admira
Agent
Aust. 28 August 1846
1668
ENCEIVED
AUG 22
huy động
41
Nr. 5 Cannon Row
21th August 1846
Shave the Honor to acknowledge
receipt of your letter of the 1:t tant, and to acquaint you
reply for the information Carl Grey
that the Cost of the Actionery required, for the of the Goverment of Stongkons
service
according to an Estimate which I have procured from Her Majestys Stationery Office will amount to £134. I have the honor tobe
B. Hawes Eas
te
te
Li
to
Your most Obedient
Stumble kwant Baillie
Foreign Office
How Off
reasury
House o Commor
Admiralty
Agi
Changed Wprose
The legentish Sprin
Stationery.
Cary 26,
B4
боть годов
"
}
End
Baillie
4. Bouthie Seque
ん
бере
1660 Akong
زرگ
12
28 August 1846
Fonvasad &
12.46
Mundack 26.
Crest-phen
MPHawes Earl Grey
126
28
Iam duccted by Earl
rey to ack' the receipt of
Your letter of the 21st Sustent and to
convey to you
lis
Authority for procuring out to Hong Kong
Sending
and
the stationery, specified in
the Requisition, forwarded
by my
letter of the 1st Just.
Jam
Axt
Foreign Offe
easury
House o Commor
Admiralty
Ager
។
Ef
H
177
REGENER
SEP. I 1846
41. A
W:5 Cannon Row
کی بار عیاری
13
Treas - 18 September - 1846
プ
ری
thave the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your
letters of the 26: uistant
and to acquaint you
in reply for the
information of
Earl Grey that the
Spence of providing the Materials to
ad
extemiated by
"required for making 123 Great Cont the Hong Kong Police will amount to the sins of £190 keeps" Habbert xC:.
Secturn the
requistest.
amin Hawer K
original Papers
Shave the hour to be
не
Jour most obedient
Humble Jewant
Bailli
له
*
Foreign Office
ome
Hou
Com
Admi
The
Mettawes
รา
Wolle 1 Sept."
{
.
*
F
Gov: 1640.
1741.
on the Hong Kong.
亏
1964
George Baillie Love
14
15 October
Foreign
Off
H
10.46.
Off
Forwardedly Ocr
46
by
7.
MR B2 M.Stephen MRHawes Earl Grey
ک
With reference to your
letter of the 31 August lish Same directed by Earl Grey
his Lordships
to convey to you
and
authority for quosiding forwarding to Hong Kong
the Cloth required for the
Blice Sepertrueal in that
Mony.
Have
rana
Treasury
House a Commor Admiralty
Braver hade
45
1
Board for
oreign
Office
Ho
Of
好吧
asury
House
Commo Admiralt
Board of Trade:
>
1
2.
14e4746
:
258 Hongkong Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade Watchate 9th Feber, 1825
Sir
UFCEIVED
FEB. 11 1946
46
I am directed. by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 1" Willo inclosing the Hong Hong ordinance for the further regulation of the
14
Was bour, and I am to acquaint you for the information of Mer secreting Gladstone that : My Lords do not perceive any objection to the confirmation of this ordinance..
The Ordinance, is herewith. returned
I am
Foreign Offic
Hom Offe
dma
Treasury
my indy
Str.
your
Obedient Servant
dames Stefiken Esz L
John Refere
reign
Office
Home
House o
Commor Admiralty
Agen
Board
be confirmed
Kind Restellin
that the Ordinan
1't
';
Gov:
24-16 Tel746.
of
Office of Committee f Privy Council for Trade
259 Angking Whitehall 10 Ich 1845
RECEIVED
Sir,
is
FEB. 11 1846
In reference to your letter of the
27th ulta transmitting the Copy of a despatin
A...
from the Governor of Hong Kong anloring hauscript of an ordinance passed by himself and the Legislative Council of the Colony, entitled "An Ordinance to establish licenced Ghant Seranz in the Colony of Hong Kong, and for the better regulation of Lascars resorting thereto - Sam directed by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade to state to you, for the information of Mr. Secretary Lords see no reason
Gladstone that
my
Jannes
Stephen Ly
leg
to
}}
asury
Housed Commor
Admiralty
Age
Board
!
to object to the confirmation of the
Ordinance by Her Majesty.
OW.
My Lords would suggest that a Copy of the Act 8×9 Victoria Cap. 116 for the protection of Seamen entering board Merchants Ships should be transmitted to the Governor of the clony
for his Informations. Sam
Jam
Your Obeat Fervou
The Fromance is berewith returned
Form Lefure
བ་་ 4
ཅན
18
oreign
Offic
Of
casury
1
House o
Commor Admiralty
gen
Board
I presume that the Ordinance sh? be conformed
11 deb and Systelling
and the proposed
unications made to the Gar?
thy
1
!
}
477 China
28 March
0.0.
MAR.25 1846
Sin
Price of Committed of Horin Council for Fade Mutchall 24 March 1846.
In compliance with the request
contained in your Letter of the 17 Instant I herewith return by direction
of the Lords of the Committee of Pring Council for Grade M. Montgomery Martin's Report on the Lea Lade.
James Paphenlope
Jam
Sir
Your Obedient Servant,
John Lefure
ዝ
Foreign Office
Ho
Of
reasury
House
Comme Admiralt
Boar
25 March
Weilin
Lord bystellin I suppose that the Report
how
9
be returned to the
Ag
23
F
Sir
Wide $42
C.O.
AUG.24 1946
1878 không đông
30
Office of Committer
e
of
Privy Counal for Trade, Whitehall 2. July 1846.
In reference to your litter of the
she had letter 15 and 3 May last. I am directed by the Lords of
the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, to transmit to you for the information of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, Copy of a Report from the Commissioners of Customs, stating that the Wessel in question being foreign, it
be
вто
въ
رومة
Vide to Jemini : & Meist R.
Copy to Gov :
would
are
contrary to the provisions of the Navigation Law to import Coals therein into Hongkong ; but that the Commissioners aware of
bjection to the Vessel proceeding to that place in Ballast, for the purpose of being made use of as a floating Coal Depôt for the supply of any Vessels at Hong Kong with Coals.
no
My Lords have subsequently ascertained that it is the opinion of the Authorities at the Customs, that if the Vessel in question carry
Coals to Hong Kong, but does not land them there, no - forfeiture will be incurred.
James Stephen Esgre
вс
ке
_____
My
Foreign Office
Hom Of
Treasury
House Comm Admiral
Ag
Boar
on to a
My Lovets accordingly do not perceive
compliance any objection with the request of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company " Conveyed in their letter of the 15th May.
the
2
ll
لا
Glijeras
am.
Sov
Jp Haves.
Mr. Nor throte's noth armored to the letter with explain
Premipt
the interval beliveen itidale Fre
втор
ted to mon
Top
Ble
Ssuppose
9.25%
24 ay.
should be com
24
LS. G. E. Stunn
Your obedient Servant-
Shantyferie
Copy
AUGO4
46
No. 296
In 1676 John 1878 H. Kong.
31
To the Lords of the Committee of Prey Council for Kader
Mr. Lefevre having by his letter
a
of the 30th Ultime, signified that he was directed by Your Lordships to transmit to us Copy of Letter from the Oriental and Peninsular Steam Navigation Company, stating their reasons for apprehending some objections at Hong Kong, Danish Vessel purchased by them
to allow a
as a Coal Hulk to lie in the Harbour at that
.
be
place, and r
requesting that Instructions may given to obviate such objection, and that he (M. Lefevre)
was to desire that we would report
our opinion for the information of your Lordships Whether we saw any legal or other objection to
compliance with this request. __
a co
In obedience to your Lordships Commands
We report,
That by the 117" Section of the Navigation Act of the 8th 9th Victoria, C.88. it is enacted that no Goods shall be imported into any British Possession in Asia Africa or America, in any Foreign Ships unless they be Thips of the Country of which
the
Foreigu Office
Ho
ΟΙ
Oran
Treasury
t
House Commo Admiralt
Age
Board
the Goods
are the produce, and from which the Goods are importect. - and by the 24th section of the said Act, it is further enacted, that of any Goods be imported, exported or Carried Constrvise, Contrary to the Law of Navigation, all such Goods shall be forfectect, and the Master of the Thip in which the same are so imported exported, or carried Constivise, shall for pit the sum of $100,
That the Vessel in question is Foreign, and it would be contrary to the provisions of the Law before recited, to import Coals therein into Hong Kong. _ But we are aware of nos objection to her proceeding to that place in Ballast, for the purpose of being made use
of as
a floating Coul Depot, for the supply.
as a
of any Vessels at
Vessels at Hong Kong with Coals ..
(Signed) RB Dean
The F. Fremantle
I. Gy Leshingler Thr. P. Dickenson
G.
Custom House
wate
Stephen
ん、
для
ん
Private
SIA
Board of Trade
August 20. 1846
My dear sir
The accompanying letter
was, as you will perceive, written
pist before the
late change in the
Ministry. It was accidentally
detained till after that event
and
or
has
since been over-looked,
not proceeded with for some
reason.
that as
Dalhousie
Lord Clarendon thinks
it was
was directed by hard
it had better go
present shape.
I. Stephen we
emain
I rem
до
in it
Faithfully yours
Staffed H. Murthacte
6th June 1846
LM
1739 Hong Kong. Office offommitte
RECEN
EL
SEP. 1 1846
of or
Privy format for Teade
Whitehall 315 August 1846.
For: inst. 19 _ 8 September. 1846
Sir_
I am stirected by the Lords of the
Counmitter of Privy Councel for Teade to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 1th bust. transmitting copy of a dispatch from the Governor of Hougtong, drawing the attention of Her Majesty's Government to the which the Imperial but for the
manner in
registering of British tessels affects that Colony & I am directed by thy Lords, in lefoly, to transmit
the enclosed copy of a Report of ther
to you Commissioners of Customs thereon, & I am to Request that in laying this Paper before_ to his Lordships Part Grey you
the
will convey
recommendations of My Lords that the
same should be communicated
to
Sin Johor Davis for his Guidance
B. Danes E. M. R...
Jam
Sir
Jour obedient Serenits
le
has
1. 422
House Comm
Admiral
Agq
Board
the report of the
Mtawes
A conserve.
sent
沙
2
forhi
& offustoms should Spresume,
Toth Nept
5.3
}
In 1929 H. Kong
(Copper) to the Lord of the Committle of Primin
Council for Nade. -_
Mt Lefevre having in his
53
Letter of the 10th hotaut, hansmitted by Command of your Lordships, for our opinion the enclosed Copy of a Despatch from the foot of Hong Kong, which has been sent to your
Hous-hous Lordships from the Colonial Office drawing the attention of Her Majesty's foot to the Manner in which the Imperial Act for the Registering of British Vessels affecto that Colour, _ be the for?) being advised by Her Majesty'; Attorner feul. at Hong Kong that as there is no Collector. or Controller of Custous at that Port, and as there is no power expressly fiven to the Governor to carry?"
out the provisions
of the Act, Certificates of Registry Cannoty, there given, antithing Vessels owned by parties resident at Hong Kong, to evercise the privileges of British Ships.
In abedience to the desire of
Your Lordships,
Be
e report,
That by the 3rd Section
oreign
Office
How
Off
reasury
چیه
House o Common Admiralty
Agen
Board
of the Act 82 9 Victoria Cap. 89. - for the Registering of British Vessels it is macted that the persons authorized and required to make such registry, and Grant such + Certificates, shall be the several persons Lereinafter mentioned and described (that is tosar !... The Collector and Controller
Port in что нич ofter Majesty's Customo in the Mited Kingdon of Great Britain and Ireland, and in the Isle of Man respectively, in respect of Ships or Vessels love there registered -
The Principal Officers of Hell's Customers in the Island of Guernser or Jersey Logether with the Governor, Lient food or Commander in Chief, oftrose da lands respectively in respect of hips to be there registered. -
аши
The Collector and Controller of Mis Customs of
Post in the British Possessions in Asia, Africa and America, or the Collector
such of any
port at which no apponitment of a Controller hasbeen made - in respect of Thips or Vessels to be there registered. The Collector of Duties at any Port in the derritories under the Government of the last hiria Company, within the limits of the Charter of the Laid Company, or any other person of the rank in the said Company's service of Senior - Merch out, or of six years standing in the
said
Service, being respectively appointed to Act in the execution of this Act by any of the Sovernments of the said Company, in respect of Phips or Vevels toke there registered; and-
The Collector of Irities at aun British Possessions within the said limits and not
under the Govt of the Laix Company, and at which a Custom House is not established. together with the Lovernor, or Commander in "Chief of such Possession, in respect of Pips Vessels tobe there registered-
a
With reference to the latter Clause the above quoted Section of the Registry Act, it appears tous that it was not intended that "Collector of Customs" "should be the Officer to foin with the foot ar Lient foot in panting Certificates of Registry at the places therein, adverted to masmuch as the Clause refers to Mlaces at which " a Custom House is not established and 'We would therefore submit to your Lordships whether the power was not intended tobe delegated to the Collector of any "local duties he payable at such places, - and if such should be your Lordships" opinion Wedonot any objection to the Governor, in conjunction with the Collector, (if there be any Hong Kong granting Certificates of repstry in respect of Rips or Vessels to be there registered. [(signed) Thot Freemantle & Dawson J. Lushington J. Goulburen
which
dee
may
Custom House 21 Aust 1846)
such at
と
Foreign
Office
Home
Off
cty
Treasury
House
Commo Admiralt
Agei
Board
>
Lopy to you.
46-24
Koyub.
1464. Hong Honey
Mible Hory offer of Demitters
RECEIVED
C.
NOV 17
Ling
1846
Fring forincil for Trade Mitehall 16 Nov 1846.
"I am directed by TheLords of the Committee of Fring (amcil for trase backnowledge the receipt. & your letter of the 2 September on the subjid
of the Opium Faron Hong Kong, and in reply I am tostate to you, for the information of Earllgray, that it appears to My Lords Matthe system of Licences to the retailers of spium at HongKong is calculated torffect. Mereefold objich praising a considerable revenue upon an article of formsumme forming a very proper subject of
Taxation, of bringing the retail.
B Hawes Ex
又
ات
the
dealers
т
Foreign Office
1
Hom
Of
reasury
אוד
56
House Comp Admira
dealers in an
Age
Board
under
і
intoxicating drug the superintendence of the Police, sust
and
of checking a smuggling Hongkong and (brina in Quarticle
a somuggling trade between
prohibited in the latter Coruitry.
Newing the Opium, faron. in this light, And considering that the licencesyption is the mode of taxation with which the Natives of China are understood to be
даринки most familiar, My Lods are Espining that its
general principles are notority protipable but commendable, alter in this country a similar system would probably be forend imperiticable.
My Lords observe that the objection. taken to the farm by lup Brustend
Mep
appears
appears tote, that it prevents Hington -being made a depôt for a Foreign Opmind trade, but as the faron does not affect the wholesale trade, but only that carried on insenall packages, Mytons
Even
apprehend that its tendency is only to discourage an illicit traffic, which is permitted might probably cause more serious injury to our Commence by disturbing our relations with China than any that could result from loca the total suppropion of a particular Branch of Grade - The private Enquiries which My Lords have made among parties interested in the trade of China lead them to suppose that the dissatisfaction Expressed by Mup Boustead on the subjich of this Jax is
no
nor
Foreign Office
Ο
rdu
Treasury
House Comm Admiral
Agen
Board o
not participated in by the Commercial
Brody generally.
Fitte references to the comperion drawn by Mep Brustead between the operation of the Farm at ThugKing and Sincapore, My Lordssunoreason for believing that it is lep suition totte circuuistances of the former than of the latter place, Except in so far as Hing
Korg is
more conveniently placed
forasumegzting depit, which My
Lords regard as to reason for taking off
no the restrictions . It would however be
desirable that the attention of the Governor should be directed to the allegation that the provision requiring a search warrant before a Tepel camber
boarded is not strictly enforced;
and
*
C
:
57
and the several importance of leaving the trade of Houshiong as unfettered as posible ought also to be impressed upon him
Lamy.
Gunsted Servants
John kafene
reasur
Hey hory becoming
"
deport for the bungles of
opium. Patten incingine by this device they
turned aside the Par. I prepare upon them in this subject. They could want an der ind perhibit
desired
a recad
a trade in opium. They know the peolitition wound be onin. Mut by this local austiction in British Settlement they offered to wild to the class or
offther
enoment. That was founded appen the allegation testin
dug was
immoral.
taste in
but wish
pernicion ayunicat
is utterly unsound. & makes the Trader in
any article responsible pe the excopies of indirded,
Ithink there frue on wong ground
which is abound. Stiinte thun fre
communia tunal
teins usipity untenaber.
And as its opcention is prejudicial to the hade
Немски
tuvenue ofthey bong, it is injuring the breifle other (muty. Her
quanters the Bee Share дити
mot in chat
the best shade made its picoste Inquires, but shove the written testiming
вити osti lugest Stonce enjoyed in the hose ofthere punts dreally at variance with the opinions stained when Rt: estende.
I confess I have still peut don't!
Att.
Whether the decist of the B & Trade
but upon a matter of this kind Inform the God that havf, refured
is a wire one it must be condusive_
his despatch & it's enclorare to the R of Linde I find it is the
8. Find of their Lps that there is no
just bojith to the farm which must therefore be continned, & he will communicate this to mep Master
a
Laenupy
1oաաo9
Admiralty
Commo
House
gent
Board of
by
:
Md. Hawes
I sofferse that this ch? from the basis of this answer to 2.1643 thing dong. Devilbilist I see that in the not's written by yourself. dard Grey on that (Bapolch, a view
21
and
a view of this question
si taben, differing form legat which is taken by Hi B. of Tende.
17 hoot. The Bound.
Teade supput
Farme the Opicine yound, his Reverse
ov
("/
three
Content
(2)
the real dealers
(3)
брашн
prevention of a Seghany Teache between Hary
Как к
ther cous E
Mbinu
The Revenue is derind
Farm
нескоров
سام
comprise of Officier,
Cour
that. The licenses you
едствен
ut Cretail farai. And as
by
the
but affect the ulcerall hade_it
Opium might still be required Agunited - farmi is excopy fir
Кто
minute ofthe Are seade the form
the sungli, of Opium - while.
canied
think them for the "furm
Strade. But the forms given to the pu
S ско I
hardly
infle
beteren Ships to
Trade
ku
thrive it away from theny king
денные
пона
dimissiesby
interface
to suffere tual be smuggled to stile
the Revenice, whilst the Expences
Iisquite a delusion
somplica
Opium in Chine
cans Cast change. оріна
touffue best the farmi at thongkong
teade
canned an to pee
t
ust
вет
divinischer by
by foreign teades & the Chines
cre
Све
Chest of Mer
in opium. This news
cality, is just as effen
Laws of old wre - a
smegling & uphold was
int licences the purent day. an the sumplicary
риерие
o be dealt with дешеви
سن
އ
pe konne ви
cassy
the tele-house
the trade in pinne
other trade. A moderate,
comption, like the las
be expedient. Fest the day by for relying upon the agency for
afely
pe any
good
и теря
Si J. Davis ang
bost ofthat day
L
EL
59
Ouse o
Common Admiralty
Agent
Board
I. Board.
1
858. Angking
RECENES
MAY 7 1946
India Board
60
für
May 6. 1846.
letter addrefund
Hom
OF
1:
no
reasury
ای دو
With reference to your
to, In Emerson Tennent on the 3 of July 1845
sprogesting
Copy
tw: 40-13 May
that Chinese Criminals at Hong Kong
should be transported to the Straits Pettlements, am diucted by the Commissioners for the affairs of India to transmit to you of or the considuation If In Secutary Gladstone a copy of a Despatch from the Government of India to the Count of Directions, dated 28th of February last, with its enclosures, from which it appears that while the
arrangement proposed in your
th
letter
is free from any insuperable objection it is deemed fireferable that such Convicts should be transported to Pinde rather than to the Straits.
I have the honor to be
obedient servant
fir
your
Stephen Eyt
Mahon
>
}
---
House o
Common Admiralty
Agent
Boar
Copy
of a Letter from the Government of India to the Event the East India Compang
of Duector
of
Dated 28th February (402)1846.
to acltnowledge the receipt of your
Despatite 40.11 Dalit the 23d of July
last, and
to transmit the accompanying Correspondence,
Dom
And aftellon
presame
that the
Jer of King Kong
-
gamby
which bus tation place
ok
the subeit
of sending
Convicts in transpentation from Hong Hong
the Shails Settlements. es
to
Your Novemble Count will perceive that
the Gowrun of these Lettlements,
ал
wele as
the Commissioner of the Tenassesin Proviners,
who have been consultid
or
thee pero pocite...
have to objection to receive Conweet's prom
་
Itong Kong. We are inclined to believe the the Zonaformin Provinces, would, in many respects, he a more suitable place than the
Shaits
House o Common Admiralty
Agent
Boar
Shanti settlements, but we
the
have xddressed
whether
Gommer of Hong Kong sappecting slather
Governor
The Provnice
• No.64%
of
Secide would test be preferable
Fren 9.
A
Bia boley Corore, Bually
ནི་, ཀ་
to bath. Clunèse Luboress would be very
useful in Seende, and Conviels set
fale in with their Country.
meu
liter
b
Hove the
feeneshment of hausportation to Secride would probably be enere offications than that of transportation to the Straits, or the Tenassanin Proomies, where many
are settled.
Chanese
تو
Sanitary to the Gout of
'Juctio's
Soome. D. pantaven &
The shanetary to the For! of
Ronigal.
Dalech 13th September 184137
32
Jam directed by the Governor Generale in
your I ha acompangeni leopes
Ccouncil to transme
A lo
of the Floomba loourt's seis fate h
July,
1945
You
{1 ck,
4. S.} dated, 238
it's onelesures relative to a
the Femanes of Hhing King
Jeno
mno poval of
to be authorized, to trans
-fort le buries leveminals to Singapore
Prince of Wales
Is land arch
to
Mala
orf.
west 1 hat the
request
Right Honble the Governor of Pengue wills &
call upon the Governor of the Straits Settlements to report of the proposal. be observerig of tricel
wride
lei
from from all objection.
leouncil Chamber
I have. You
The 13% Aptember 10,415. 5. pld.) G. A. Bushby,
Joy
India
to the Fort of frech
BLEN
SU
easury
House o Commo
Admiralty
gent
Judicial.
s
63
Jamu
C.
No2078
The Under Sory to the host of Pingal,
Joey
d. Bus Aby Ensques,
Lieny to the You? of Indice
Soome Depard merrt
Dalids Hot& William 19′′Exactins.
In compliance, uut 6 thi requisitions
Letter
•
0
contained in your
vooyo of the 1319
tember Cast. Iam alirected to transmit, for the
P
"formation of the Hoonlite the President mni Council.
I to accompanying loopy of a letter or 10% of the 2012 Ellime, from the Governor of Punces of Wales Inlared Singap
9、,,,
fierce
and.
•
Halaccar..
I have the honor tolee You
Q.
pdf Jumballs
Under Suy to the Portof India
Camp J
H
Off
easy!
House a
Commor Admiralty
Agent
From The I
You
No. 185
of D. W. Is Candi
Singapore, and,·lialace a
Tuanbull. Es que,
<>
છે.
Under
Jeey
to the Fowl of Bengal.
aury
!
of your
Fort William
Dated: Lingapore 30th, Cotelier 1884135)
I have the honor to acknowledge
letter under dato l hier 1ch Instan
じ
que
The script
I he copy
ina loung
of a seispate for from the Fortele the Court of scirectors
• No.55. dadads the 23° Jely last. nelative to the prope
by the Governor of Hoong King to be allowed:
-Jaf
Maada
to transport leonoricts to Pingapore, P. W. Island,, and, to report whether the pro-
lealaria, and.
requesting
JILE
-posals is desemering of trial and free from olejiations...
Ther
anc, Colleenidə
t
is
arrangerem.
A
140
ber
as
A fine Settlements
unolegiotimables, but it appeurs very ques-
tionable, what her transportation to places
kein
- queerted by I have bountrymens
at Singapore during
w the
που
Jarne
Frangnins
Lo
слу
nuo. 40
he free.
1200 of whom
were, landed,
A
the past 12. Mont his would be viewed
Exile amongs
light by 1. his Columcże.
cis
les attended, with the dissuasive influ
Govern
Crimes, ar fucks the Form or of Foong King appeara
to anticipates.
That transportation to Indias is dreaded s
*
!
almas p
House o Common Admiralty
Agent
Bow
almost
as
much
in
·Ser.
death by the Co broniese, is vroum
po lifeed,
the
every defiscaris was I liver sollements thereby framing salutary effect it has
ard, as
I his class of I her community's it would appear by the enclosure, lo
under date, thri 2.2%, July 18914
leonvicts
and muÃO
muoh
the
azer
ihat lelinever
letter
yo. 12.
desireds at Sevrides. Invat do suggest
the expidurity and efficacy of transporting Connials from Thong kong to that bountry, or to eddon, where they
rid
twould.
If however I he object be amply, to suit the
also probably be acceptables..
Scolony of Foong King of a
certavis number of atrocious
characters the trans poctations of about 100 to Penany.
50 to Malacca
·
appears
un objectionable,
and
The popele
merced
1
-time in there settlements respectively is of ar more character than I hat of Singapore.
lush is chiefly
le lunise, but I must again's observes that I conerie, this
parishment will not have the effect intended, from
dread, of all, I his Ferrous consequint
Lunch of
Sing a pore.
Is hould rat fier
20+ Golober 18215
From
SA.
༢༩), (༢)
Exile to as (ท
༥༠་ ༦༩
Foreign Land of Praigners..
I love & be honor to be you
word
}
Pa.) M. I. Battenwart he
1. No. 2005]
Donball. Eisgres
Under Scay to Goal of Bengal.
Do Fourner of PW. Island, Seriya Jure Voltavuora.
M.
35
panyeng
I am directed to forwards the
bopy, of as sempato he from A la Deantele the count of
49.86 dated, 239, July, last, relatives to as
propwaal,
the Fermace of "Fong kang to be alloweds to
•
•
mader bys
transport le hurise, Corominale to Lingo puer. Malacca of
d
will,
.f
dearning
Prince of Wales Islands, and, do request you
what her in your
Junion I be profinals in
all.
of trials, and free from objections
Ford william
fat, cooler ber isidi B
I houver Jea
}
plas
4 Turnbeute
^
Ловые
Under Luy. Aber hof Berga?s
/num copies/
Jody A Turnbull
Under
Loy
ta Gout, of Bengals
Como Fo
Dalec 14 October 18915
Lis
the
sury
House o Common Admiralty
Agent
Bo
Tra
B
Indian God that t Secure? Copy
༥
N H
}
7.831
وق
Frams &. d. Bushby Eos qros-
མི་ཟ་།
Gly
to the Fout of India
Home Department
Vonetary
to Government of
Venguel,
Dalid, 13'6 December 18945
36
Judicial
Jud : bous : 13th Decence. 143
Enclose
Judicial
}
Jams dersolids to actinów lodge.
I he reciph
•No 2078 dated,
of albe, Under Secretary Turnbulls better the 19th Ultimo with its conclosure cands in reply.
la
inquine Depecky
het fur init lu & pinions of the Honble the
Governor it will be advisable to su
sugges
be
h lo
this authorities at Hong Kong the transportations of
blumise Ccomments to the
A
leouncil. be ham ber
The 13th December 18445
}
Ferrassersins Provences..
I have your
plaj G. A. Bushley,
Sexy to Fort of Suctio
95 R1846
THAMPT
Pope, accompanying
Comps of
Ho
asury
3
House Comm Admiral
en
?
t
Ĭ
**
37
0.233
Freins Craftain's Me. the Qurând,
•
Commipience D. Dr.
To P. I. Halliday
Halliday Eisoper
Sean atury
to the Fort of Bengal,
Dated,
A William
Q
Mon Amiens 2016 January 184le
reasury
In reply to your
▪
letter 7.9650
Dequesting
to reperi
ra
thorities at
to the furpristy of suggesting to the aw- Hong Kong the transportation of Ce lineser
leonvicts to the
Hate That Iseis
burg
?0.
Inade
massonims Provinces, I haves be honor to
ใบบ
objection
hatever to the
h
suggestions
F-hu
question of
the spondilière, nourreds in
the Keep of rue he becumats and, whatthis by
the Company's
6Ther
дело
воду,
ut fions to be borne
t
or the Queen's Tournment and
be expenditures would, los fures moves of
tham Isow here does
would
of
!
n
A enter
der into the foregoing
is Comited to the single point
う
04.1
(༤༩1、༩།
Ce hinise Convie to
less
& poncon
w be then I heres of
realid objiction to 1 fie
transport
to I here Panersias I haw to I ke
transfood of Husselman of.
objection to the
Se
mne
# 1
Hindoos from Indian Isee no
Than to the of her, and,
and semes
:
lollateral.
House Comm Admiral
Icollaterale advantages
Agent
Board
I have, Veer.
all
play] Her ele: Durand,
ло 25%
Commissioner Dr. G.
freiner
leopy forwarded to I hes Govt of India mit he Home
is
Department complasser and he requisition N1.931 d
.k.
A fir 13" December last
Inverner
By Arcter of & fer. Heonbile. the Deputy Downer of
Bengal...
Frick Williams
The by 16. Felry
jtd. /. Funmbull
}
18416.
* Unetix Sorry to the Geokif' Bingal.
Compfung
{
イ
38
Fremo
5. A. Bushby
Bus liby rosypes.
Lionetary to the Gurt of Inoticis in 1 bus
alconet any
Judicial
Seri
Sle
Department
Government of Hong Kong
easury
'
Daleds 28th February 1ssile
The Floobiles the Court of Dvictors of
повечность, the coast Indian Coompany having refermects to the Government of India for consideration
fino position made
by His Excellency the Tonernes of Fleong Kong to thes Jeene lazy
Male on the 29th Jermany 1845 for sending &
AT
le hinese for vists in transportation from thenew to the
Shails Letṭli man la
t
t fe Iocuble I he President an
- Sacineils has consulted, the Governor of this wiltlements
as will
as the leommisioner of the Tinasserins Primumees the subject. It will be seen from the leorrespons Rauc 1 his letter that t -done w-leh, accon
nλ
mpanied
1 hey
objections to I the proposals, but I hes Prudent ove
Founcil. is inclused, to be levies that he Tenassmen's Pro-
would n
many
Res
hools lea
lian Ilie Straits Settlements.
homever service.
more suitable place
Flow Idonor oni becurseils.
suggest for the consideration of His
Red-for the Provences of Seinde would not
Q
餐
lee
House a
Common Admiralty
Agent
Board of
be preferable to both thoser places. I hinese, Labourer
useful in Loinde, ands loonvicts not likely
would be
very
to ball war wit to their loveinting iners there. I he pene's hment
would probably her more
in
effecnciouo primenting
cremes
Ford Willemen
I COME HEM!
A
7. Aus hley
}
18tele.
plast
G. A. Bus
Lory to Goot, of Indian
The 22 Feby woul
2015
Comp Pol
1
Y
Foreign Offices
1
!
39
Foreign Office
easury
House o
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of
Foreign Office
1
13 January
1946
Sir,
REC
WEL
JAN. 7 PR46
38 Honking
Freign Affier. January
6.1846.
70
I have laid before the Earl of
3
Aberdeen, your letter of the 8th Instant, and Jam directed by this Lordship to ~: Request that you
will acquaint Mr.
3
Secretary Gladstone that he entirely Noncurs in the opinion that it would be proper at once to take the necessary steps for the erection of a Bishop's See of which the seat should be at Hongtong
mes Stephen by
人
Jam, Sir,
your most obedient,
humble Servant,
A...
Caning.
House o
Common Admiralty
Agent
Board of T
Fore
Offic
7 Janf. M. Hope
suschion
how be
inferend
ari
that the Archbishop of Canterbury "
that
ich the reachtung dunds for sendowzing
still forthcoming
the requisiti slifes for the
fectud
erecting it will immediately be adopted. It sec
7
this
me that the Palent must
be issued from this Office
Jab.
S
?
i
2.
70.30
trong tay
The Archbishot of fauterbring.
Mytoid
Orounded by JANY
3. Mundock G
Stephen LoLettelton
9
Mr Gladstone
71
13 Jannan/46
thith reference to
dow Stanley's letters you
сид
Grave of the hd pic and 12lugt last
of
are
the onfect
the erection of a Bichsfie of the Church of Eugland at Schlong,
Shave the
honor Dinforme jour
Grace that the Earl of Aberdeen havrecived from
the
Governon of that Colony arport strang adoncating ofauch
the adoption
а теаниче
there circumstances
Under
Ane God! with be perfand AnGod!
to take the neuping steps for the erection of a Bishofer See of which the Lealshand
|:
House! Comm Admiral
Agent
Board of
Fo
Of
be at Stellong, wheneven your Grace should be in
a position Watate
كمـ
a
that the funds necessary for the endowment of met Lee have been
contributed.
havere
8 Jaw
I
fir,
au
121 Hongkong
CLIVED
JAN.24 1946
Foreign Office, January
22.1846.
72
Iam directed by the Earl of Aberdeen
acknowledge the receipt of Your Letter of the 1ch of November last and of its Inclosure, respecting an applicatie
ept 120-29 August/45
Leation
110001)), which has been made to Sir John Davis
11088.)
Copy
by
the Governor of the Danish Posesions in India for authority for Captain John Burd to act as Danish Consul at Hong Kong; and Iame to acquaint you in reply, for
Famer Hephen Refp.
the
Qui
asury
House Comm Admiral
Agent
Board of
the information of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, that Lord Aberdeen
has referred to Sir John Davis for his opinion the question of greating
permission to Pritisk subjects to act as fonauls for Foreign
вжив
Stater
at Hong Kong_ and that, as soon
he shall receive Sir John Davis's
report,
he will
ar
1
again communied to
upon this
with mur Gladstone upon
subject. -
Jame, Sir, Your
most obedient
himble Servant
All Addington.
+
23
House o Commor Admiralty
Agent
Board of T
Fore
Offic
?
า
Entend
Sid. Davis
Forwarded! 1846
"Thudach
Lordigiteilon M.SEC Gladstone
27 27
1888 langhong F.0. 121/46)
22 January 1846 Cornis
Liv
74
16. 28 Jan 1945
Lord Stanter having
дет
the
referred for the consideratio the fail of Aberdeen, question proposed in your despatch of 20, Aug.
blast
No 120, relative Withe appointment of Capt":"John Bund to act as Danish
Consul in
H.Kong,
Я
hansmit, herewith, for
а
your information, a Cons of
the answer
returned tome & Lord
Aberdenis directions.
dytteline
affinchand that
Jach and
to die folers Paris?
ต
copy of this should be
My
Le 244
sury
House Comm Admiral
Agent
Board of
Ј
For Off
N
11 Feb 46.
13915 GeV/45
Sir,
REC
C,O.
EL
FEB. 4 1846
25
193 HongKongs
Foreign Office
February. 3. W46.
With reference to your
Letter of the 144
of January last, I am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to state to you, for the information
of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, that Her Lordship
does not see
any reason, on international
grounds, to question the propricty of the
course adopted by Sir John Davis, as
чи
the
reported
of which a Copy
Despatch from him of which a
Letter, to assert
is inclosed in
your
the
exclusive lovereignty of Great Britain over
the Island of Hongking.
Sir,
I am,
your
James Hephen Eeg
most obedient humble servant,
Alle hessington
L
а
N
urs
Commor
House o
Admiralty
gent
Board of
Office
Torei
44b
and dyttelind
I presume that the for's proceedings may afferoved??
mę 74
now
76
reasury
House o Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of
ore
Offic
4o. 113.
Sir
262 HongKong
RECEIVE!
FEB. 12 1846.
Foreign Office.
February 11. 1846.
77
I aux directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to transmit to you for the information
of Mr. Secretary Gladstone. a despatch
from Sir John Davi's
respecting
the
appointment of British subjects to act as Consuls in China for Foreign
and also
respecting
Her Majesty's
Powers,
to
Exequatur being necesary to enable persons appointed by Foreign Governments to act as Consals for suck,
4 Governments in Houghong; and further relating the employment by british subjects of befels under foreign Hags in their uces Stephen Esq.
p
trade
House
Commo Admiralt
Agent
Board of
Fore
Offic
trade with the Chinese Ports.
I am also to transmit to you
a copy of Lord Aberdeen's reply
Dairs, inclosing a copy of
Joher
Queen's Advocate's opinion
to her
the
on the
points referred to in his despatch.
Jaw,
Ser
your
most obedient,
humble servant,
Allebolding hand
1.
28
sury
House o
Commo Adaniralty
Agent
serd of
In 262 1.Kny
79
Forei
Office
got, 20
this?
And Bytteltin I do not perceive that an
practical question arises on
brane or assim marke abre has but wsoneli- to ri 2.3.
ahy
712
вто
Duplicate.
N. 113.
My Lord,
23rd
Victoria, Hongkong 28th July 1845.
I have the honor to enclose an extract
of a private Letter from Mr Consul Macgregor, relating
to two points on which it would be convenient to be furnished with legal opinion and instructions from England.
The first point has reference to British
ents from
subjects receiving Consular appointments, the Sovereigns or governments of other Christian States. I conceive that the Queen's prerogative
1
would extend to prohibiting Her Majesty's - subjects generally from accepting these
The Right Honorable,
The Earl of Aberdeen K.J.
Yo yo
&c.
appointments th
!
sury
House o
Common
Admiralty
Agent
ard of T
B
Foreig
Office
appointments,
were
- such acceptance found to
be attended with mischievous and embarrassing results. The tendency can scarcely be otherwise in China, where British subjects, being by - Treaty fred from the jurisdiction of the Country in which they reside, should be made as amenable as possible to their own Consuls. But Mr. Matheson as Danish Consul might. consider himself as a Co-ordinate authority with Mr Consul Macgregor, and this assumption, however groundless, might increase the disposition of the rich opium merchants, already sufficiently inflated and independent, to set at nought the laws and authorities of
Country. The
The very individual in-
their
own
of the
question is a systematic opponent of the Colonial government of Hongkong, maintains one "local Papers, and through the agency of Dr_ Bouring, whose son is
whose son is employed in the mercantile house, has everted a secret influence at home.
I
C
"
30
an
I presume that within this Colony exequatur from Her Majesty's government would
be indispensable to any person
as a Consul
for a Foreign State ; but that at the Chinese Ports British subjects may
deem themselves at
-
liberty to accept foreign appointments in the - absence of a prohibitory order in bouncil.
The second point refers to the employment,
by British subjects, of vessels under Foreign flags . From the circumstance of Danish and Swedish ships being chiefly occupied as carriers, they
1 hey have already been made use
of
by the English opium traders to evade the prohibition against trading to the northward of 32. of Latitude. Were such fraudulent facilities combined with the assumed authority and immunities of a Foreign Consul, the neults might be highly inconvenient; and Mr. Matheson, as Danish Consul, with a number
of Danish ships in his employ, would certainly
be
t
MILFS
House o
Commor Admiralty
ent
Foard of T
B
Foreig
Office
be a
very unmanageable character.
It would lend greatly to lower us in
the estimation of the Chinese government were
British subjects
enabled in this manner to
Their own
evade or defy the authority of their
Sovereign,
and I therefore
am led to consider
the favorable settlement of the two points in - question as of essential importance to British
interests in China.
I have the honor to be,
with the highest respect,
Your Lordships
most obedient,
humble servant,
Ndani
ལ
10
31
Extract of a private letter from Mr. Consul.
Macgregor
to His Excellency John Francis Davis
dated. 23rd July 1845.
"Governer Hansen, who has been
my
that I
"quest since his arrival here, finding that "have no longer authority to secure Danish vessels,
"considers it expedient under these circumstances, to appoint Consuls himself pending the Hing's " pleasure. There being but few Danish subjects
"in China eligible for such appointments, he
" subjects
"contemplates nominating provisionally a British, "subject in the person of Mr. Matheson. Being " doubtful whether the appointment of British in such capacity in China would be "agreeable to our Government, considering " power it would give them of evading our laws in various ways by me
of the control they
means
"would be enabled to excercise over
the...
foreign shipping
House
Comm Admiral
Agent
Board of
Ford
Offic
" hint, in case
I have thought it right to give you a timely
any thing could be done to prevent "such situations being filled by British subjects. "A Swedish Commissioner is expected every day, "who will also no doubt appoint Consuls in the "different Ports of China. The Danes and Swedes having but a limited trade of their
own
and
"great number of vessels for which they seek employment,
an
abuse of their flag is much
more to be feared than of any other nation.
a
"The owner of the Schooner "Devil" last "week announced the sale of his vessel to an. American Doctor at Whampoa, a transaction "however, which does not seem to have been
"confirmed by the American Consul Mr Forbes.
"The
owner, a
Dane, is
s now
applying for Danish
Colours to Governer Hanson, whom I have,
however, informed of my claim
upon the vessel,
which must be discharged before the transfer takes place. At the same time I have authorized
Mr.
་་
32
" Mr. St. Croix at Whampoa to proceed against her
" for the Fine and Tonnage dues, if he finds her
" still in the river. 24 hours after notice has been "given to the person in charge
"/
True Extract Adam MPrakr
Jury
O
Loky
House
Commor
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Bo
Foreign
Office
Inclosure in despatch 113 J1843.
Duplicate.
Mr. Comaul Macgregor
Extract of a private letter from
33
koor. 20.1845.
Sir
Foreign office.
January 22.1846.
I referred to #th. Advocate. General four despatch to 113. of the 23rd of July last, requesting instructions with reference to two questions which have arisen in China, First, as to Britisk Subjects receiving
Consular appointments in China from the Gook of Foreign Countries; and, Secondly: as to the employment by British subjects of befels under Foreign Flags, and I now transmit to you a copy of the Queen's Advocates report.
upon these points.
Talso inclose an extract of a note which I have received from Count Reventlow, the Danish Minister in this Country, ingening whether #ith goo! would
гид
have
accy objection to recognize this Bonald Matheson ardanish Consul at Auton.
With reference to the questions to which these papers relate and to the opinion of the Queen's Advocate thereupon, I have "John &. Davis Bar
J.
K
to
House
Comm
Admiralt
gent
Board of
Torel
Office
to acquaint you that I think it best to leave it to your discretion according to your own well considered operon, and to your conviction of what is required by a due regard to British interests in China, to gracit, or to withhold by special act in the manner pointed out by the Queens Advocate, permission to British subjects to act as Consuls of Foreign Powers in China.
Jalso leave to your decision the quation of permitting or prohibiting, by
same autho
the employment by
the
as Tolo
British subjects of Danish, levedish, or other foreign befels upon the voyages adverted to by you, entertaining, a full confidence, that in this, asia will adopt the preceding matter, you no measure of prohibition without loving first catively satisfied gourself of its imperious necefity in the present state of our relations with China.
you
with perceive that the Queen's
Queen's Advocate is of opinion that, within the Colony of Hongkong,
-
аи
34
exequatuer from H. Mh. Goot is indispensable to any person acting as consul for a Foreign State.
a
To the granting of such permission there does not appear to me, primâfacier
to be any objection, but I prefer to leave this point also undecided until I shall have received your opinion upon it.
you will love no there in reporting to me the course which you may adopt with respect to these matters.
Jamer.
(Regard)
Aberdeen
A
H
Co
Ida
Ag
Foard
i..
ا ما
35
jof
Lopy.
Sir John 7. Davis.
Copy.
My Lord,
Doctors Commons.
Kovember 20.1845.
Jace honoured with your lordship's commands sequified in the Addington's letter of the 311t Ultimo, stating that he was directed to transmit to me a despatch and its enclosure received from bir John Davis, requesting your Lordship's instructions with reference to two questions which have arisen in China;
First, as to British Subjects receiving Consular appointments in China from the Goots of Foreign Countries, and,
Secondly, - as to the employment by British Subjects of besels under freigh Hags; and to request that I would take the same into consideration, and report to your Lordship my opinion, on the points adverted to by sir Joker Davis.
In obedience to your Lordship's commands I have taken into consideration the despatch The Earl of Aberdeen M. J.
ре
да
Ande
sury
7.0. January
Inclosures.
22.1846.
foreig Office
36
and its enclosure, and have the honour to report that same of opinion thats t
sa
within the Colony of Hongkong an" Frequatur "
M.
any from #.th. Goo! is indispensable to person acting as Consul for a Foreign state, but. I think that at the Chinese Ports, british subjects are at liberty to accept the appointment of Consul for a Foreign State without such Exequatur, until a prohibitay law shall be pased by competent authouty. By the statute 6th & 7th Bict: ch. 80. a Law to that effect might, if deemed expedient, be paked by the Governor of Loughong with the advice of the Legislative Council
the emploquent by British Subpets of Danish, Swedish, of foreign befels
bogages adverted to by John Davis, might likeurie be
apon
the
kr
prohibited by the same authority, but how far it would be advisable to
кар
kass.
a Law for the purpose, same not furnished with sufficient ways of
forming a judgment.
I have yo
Signed
J. Dodson.
House o Commo
Admiralty
gent
...ard of
Forei
Office
No 1. to his Joker Davis .
1846.
Fr.
Queens Advocate
November 20.1845.
37
1264
D
OCT17 1846
Bong
Kong
Foreign Pfice.
betober 16.1846.
A. 86. July 1. 1846.
też,
I am directest by Viscount Palmerston to transmit to you, for the information
of Earl Grey, Copies of a decpated and it's hielosures received from die John I. Davis, containing a Report of the Proceedings at the bland of Chusan,
&
on the surrender
جو
If the Government that bland into the hands of
the Chinese Officers.
I am, sir, Your most obedient
Stethen Exgle
humble Lervant
Allchddington.
a
й
й
Hou Com
Board
Tor
Off
:
80.
House Comm
Aduural
Agent
Board of
Förel
Office
17 Oct for Hawers. De daffron Pal
the
POPI
20
:
į
Copy
Me 86.
My Lord,
In 1264 4. Kong.
Leitoria Hongking
July 1. 1846.
39
Since the departure of the
last mail, the enclosed Report
was delivered to me by Major General D'Aquilar, being Brigadier Camphetis account of his reception of 1
Chinese Officers, woke
of those
were deputed
to receive back from him the
Civil Government of the blund.
They
Come over
the "hemesis Steamer, accompanied
Earl of Aberdeen K. S.
й
from kingpe in
by
ore
Offic
30
very
by Mr Consul Shom, and were handionely received by the Pigadier,
to whom they expressed in warn terms their sense of the wild
and equitable rule, which had
buy
us over the
been exercised by Inhabitants of Chusan during
our troops.
it's occupation by There can be no doubt of this leaving a permanent and most favourable impresion four character of the bunds of the Chinese Government and people Brigadies Campbell ipued
a
a lase proclamation to the Sahabitants
of Chursan, informing them that they were restored to the rule of their
own officers, and thus the Government
kland was transferred. A
of the
portion of the Indian force.
Indian force was to
I
"
leave forthwith in the Sapphire troop ship, and the transporte. being ready to proceed for the 98th Regiment, I shall embark Ayself for Chusan immediately in the Vulture Steam repel. My principal object is to see that
people quit the blands,
all our
and
2
House
Commo Admiralt
Agent
Board of T
Foreig Office
and that no demands are made
on the Chinese Government for
Compensation on account of buildings,
I have to announce to
to keying
the restoration of Chusan by the
melosed hote.
I have a
(Ligned) J. F. Davis .
P.S. Since the above was written,
I have received the inclosed
reply from keying to thy hote, expressing his satisfaction as
the proceedings
at Chutan.
(Ligned) 2.0..
to
ཏི' ཏཾ-----
3
asury
I
Copy
Siri
In 1264. H. Kong
RECEIVED
OCT. 17 1846
31
Chusan. June 6. 1846.
I have the honour to receive
Your Letter of the 16th lettino, inclosing one from this lectuny tir John. T. Davis, to the Major General Commanding, and directing me by order of the latter, in pursuance of the destructions contained in the Letter of this Excelency, to admit the Chinese officer bien.ling, together with his buite, into
Chusan, and further to allow him
Apistt Adjutt General Hongkong.
to
Hous
Comm Admira
Agent
Board of
Forer
Offic
: to exercise Chinese Civil Jurisdiction.
Inmediately upon the receipt of the Orders of the hajor General, I wrote tokien. ling and the other Commissioners to inform them
of the
orders I had received, and at the same time I invited them to Come over at once to Linghae,
that I might deliver
over to their
Civil Jurisdiction the bland of
Chutan.
The Commisioneri
were obliged
to postpone their vogage, in
расское
Consequence of the boisterous
Саладней
state of the leather, and the
wind
મ
J
32
wind being unfavourable, and-
aware.
of their apfechensions of a tea Voyage, it accurred to me that if Captain Rupell, commanding 4.2.7 . Cr Steamer hemesis, then lying at
42.J.Cr
kingko,
were to offer to convey them
acrop, they
would not only
only consider
it a high compliment, but an act
of Great kindness and consideration. wrote to Captain hupell,
Paccordingly
who most obligingly entered into
my views, and made the proposal to the Commissioners to convey them
to Chusan in the hemeris, which
they
:
ury
Hou
Com
Admir
Agent
Board of
Fore
Offi
J
33
easury
dost joyfully and thankfully
they
Hey
accepted.
arrived here festerday at
They
20. Clock p.m.
were Laluted
on their departure from the steamer,
were received
and on their landing by a Captain's Guard of Honour of the goth Regiment, with the Band of that Corks, and a detachment of the Madras Artillery with their
Suns.
they
and
Immediately upon landing
came direct to my quarter. through the Thom, ter Majesty
Солкие
Consul at kingks, who had been to
as to come over with them, they
Good
repreped in very
warm terms their
sense of the Wildness and equity of
our Rule in Chutan, and of the kind manner in which the rehabitants
had been treated by the Froops
in that kland.
during
aur
ttag
They afterwards did me the favour to dine with me at the tep of my Regiment: They as upon landing, with a Guard
They were received
of Honour of ther Majesty's 98th Regt,
goth
and a falute upon their arrival before
House o
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
34
before dinner, and in the same
way upon their departure in the
evening.
даму
Immediately after the termination
interview with Kien
a ling,
and
the other Commipioners upon their landing, I ipued a Proclamation
to the Gentry and other Inhabitants of the Island, (a Copy of which I Melose) and which I know gave the Commipioners auch Latisfaction,
I have
only to hope that
what I have done whon this
1
C
approbation of this Excellency the John J. Davis, and the Krajer
General Commanding.
I have in
(signed) C. Campbell
Brigadier.
Command? Field Force. Chutan
True Copy
(Ligured) A. R. Johnston
Sasury
occasion may
meet with the
approbation
House of
Commor
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
d. Sir F. Davis; No 86
$ 1846.
4
Copy
||
Сору
In 1264 H. Kong.
WED
C.D.
OCT. 17 1846
35
keying high Imperial Commisioner
h
de
Wwung, dient houernor of Kwangtung.
de
Ke
the received just how the despatch If you, the Honourable Envoy, which conveys to us the intelligence of the Island of Chusan being restored on the 5th of June to teenting and
other fficers deputed by
us, and
that it will be entirely evacuated the Froops within a fortnight
by
or so. No news could have given
joy as these.
these. You, the
us to beach joy
Honourable Envoy, have thewa good
farth
asury
House
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
faith in your engagements for the preservation of harmony and the
carrying into effect of the treaty.
The perpetual Treaty of Amity
and Peace between our
two
Countries will henceforth be everlasting, eternal, and
without end.
a
We feel greatly obliged that
Steamer was despatched to
kingko to bring
Consell, in
Aver
company
Our thom, the with the
fficers deputed by es, as well
as
讨
for the honourable treatment
1
the
S
the latter Experienced on their
arrival at Chutan.
36
Whilst forwarding this reply, much happiness, and
we with
You
address the same to
His Saceluncy Wer Mitannie Rajestzit Plenipotenting. Lis Jpba. 5. Davist
Le
John
Le
Tcoukwang 26th fear, the intereslay mouth, 320 day.
(26th of June 176.)
Received 29th
que Nanslation
(signed) Charles Gutstaff
Chinese Secretary.
hure Copy
(signed) A.B. Johnston.
House o Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
!
2.
& bin J. J. Davis's ke 86
81846.
Сору
i
52
Copy
ho
No 44.
7
kes Excchiny!
вал
Meney
In 1264 H. Kong.
37
Victoria Wrongkong. June 25. 146.
I have the honour to acquaint
Your Excellency that a despotad has been received from Brigadier Campbell at Cheran, slating that
the Island was delivered over to
bica. ling
and others on the 5thast.
The weather being rough, a steam lepel was employed to convey the Chinese Gicers from hinghs, accompanied by the Corsal thom,
Reg
were received at Chusan
Rezing, high Iuperial Commisioner.
ん
к
with
House o Commor
Admiralty
f.
asury
Agent
Board of Tra
Bo
Foreign
Office
with all the honours due to their rank, and the Government off the kland immediately delivered over to them. I portion of the British force has already quitted Chusan,
how
and all the ships being prepared, the whole force will
have left it in about a week.
I beg to renew the apurances, a,
(signed) J. J. Davis.
Zue
сору
(tigard ) A.R. Johnston
૬
Nome Office
38
1
House o Common Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
39
April #9
9707
May
espatch &romance turned h° 14 of 184.
12.9 Jout 45
بد
RECEIVED
MAY. 1 1846
Whitestell
30th April 1846
With reference to your
or instant, transmitting a
from
Letter
of the
copy of a Despatch
home the Governor of Hong Kong
with
an
- Erdinance to make provision for the frecervation of good order and
Iam directed by Secretary Sie
the Colony.
cleanliness in
:James Grahame to transmit to you
the enclosed
Report thereon by the Commissioners of
Metropolitan Police, and to
request
that you
will submit the same to Mr. Secretary Gladstone.
Jam
Si
Your obedient Servant
1. Stephen Ey
House Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Ti
B
Foreign Office
:
1
Si
Metropolitan Police Offic 1 Whitehall Place
April 297 1846.
130
The Commissiouns of Polier
of the Mekopolis have to actuenledge the recapt o
letter of the 147. Instant, enclosing a copy of
an
a
Dispatch from the Governor of Hong Kong, with a Ordnance to make provisions for the preservation of good order and cleanliness within that Colony.
The Commingssionen having
carefully considered the provisions of the Ordinance do tact fund that any remarks thereon are called for by them, and the Ordinance seems to be properly framed
affect the objects, intended.
F. M. Phillipps Esq
the
The
he
I have the honor to be,
Your most obedient Servant,
reury
House Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of T
B
Foreig
Office
131
House Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Boar
Foreign Office
arry
Conformed?
زاده کا
автор
me that the Ardimmer
and Kestelling
N
it
}
!
!
my
12
May
May 146.
Vicle to Mr
874 Hongkong
MAX B
1246
Whitehall May 7 th 1946.
132
Sam directed by Secretary fir Ames Graham to hansmit to for the an cloud Sotilin of R. Montpemory Meetin Ey, with it's Enclosures. __ And Sam br desire, that you will submit the same
the Consideration of the Secretary of State for the Monial Department, and acquaint the
Sherton with his decision thereon
Au
Our Media Kuwant
Samer Hyphen By
در
For
Bellappes
と
+
103
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
H
Of
calid to hd. Inarhis
Crys
my
And Etheltin
that Mr. Martin sh? be informed that When und heure pleased to exfer to het. Ses? Gladstone Cle Pilitin hand withiend 6 W. M. by W. dr. but that, form
This reasons
In his conspice with this Office, drd. Gladstone
has not been able to advise W. Me b
'I may I пирима
werde to his sequest.
ле
aluady
74 Hory thing
134
"The Queen's Most wallent Majesty
2
The humble petition of
Robert Montgomery Martice Late Fessly
Assajesty's
Treasurer for
the Colonial, Consular and
Diplomatic Services in Chine &a Member of 14/11 Legislation
Connel.
bly Sheweth_
Humbly
12t That Your Majesty
was
graciously pleaked to apporist Petitioner Treasurer at Nong-Hong on 20 Jauz 1864.
2nd Nat Puttioner having ducted
That
devoted his life to an investigation of the British Colonial Possessions and Com -mercial interests deemed that the would be fulfilling his diety to your in all their Mapety by ixancining, Relations, our Position & Prospects in Mine
پور
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Boar
Foreign Office
Ho
Off
That the accompanying Publier de
-cuments were therefore fromtime. to time transmitted to tour Majesty's Ministers, _ & it is respectfully sub_ -mitted they testify the Petitione acted as a faithful, industrious & useful servant of the (yown in China,
4th / That Petitioner deeming erroneous course of polic
poling hat beou pursued, which if not timely, rectified would be productive of Great National injury, theing de- -sirous of checking a wasteful
expenditure of public to the Thich
Corild only effectually be done by his unmediate returne to England, was most reluctantly compelled to tercer the Conditional resigna - tion of the Commission with Which Your Majesty was graciou pleased to invent himi, in
order
order that he might bring the whole state Your affairs in China under the early your Majite Ministers, the on the spot to explaine personally the Amendments Pre- -Frenchments which he was, & iv, -
to
Oterious Consideration of
prepared to prove -tinely required in China.
impera-
"That for their acting in de
-cordanced with what he believed, tobe his duty an
as autouent Stewar of the trust reposed in him, for refusing to remains silent & quiment When silence &quiescence would bethinks have been a Crime,
Petitioner has been deskrived of his position in Your Majestys
or
service, and all redress or
enquiry has been denied hine While Your Mapety's Gout have derived the benefit of his informa -tion experience
asury
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
H
Off
Suureign
6th / What Petitioner des peetfelly
respectfully declares he feels conscious that purichment is Unmerited, he is most anxious to
- have the fullest scruting into every part of his Conduct, &f the most searching
his manstigation into the truth of statements, _ And looking to his
as the source of justice Petitioner carnestly prays the gracious interposition of your Majesty to prevent the refliction fabbrong which does not alone Affect
au tumble individual but which, if sanctioned, destroys the Moral Christian responsibilty
of the (nown, expe
of the Lerviants.
ек
- cially when acting Consciente - -outly in the distant Provinces
this vast Empire
And Your Majesty's Petitioner
as in duty
London 1 May 1846.
bound
Will von Pray.
alued
HO. 874. Werfthing
R. Montgomery Statii leg
1846
Koreanled by Max.
dock
& Stephen Londlyttelton
Mo Gluistone
Tary 166.
ور
Lii
12 May. 1046.
136
Lave directed & Mr.
Sees Gladstone Winform Othat the Lucen harbeen
Save
pleased Brefer thin the Retition which free adduped WIMS on the 1st Mistant,
mazing for accensuing
uite
your conduct, and
of theses
into the truth
the several
communication, which have addrefed to M.
Sou
God! on the von feet of Klang Sanito inform you the rearousalueak
that for
explained)
Hated old are in
the
in which coverpondence be
Office Me Gladstone has
been meable toadvice HMS warede & the frage. of the Retition :
Your
Thave
House o
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boy
Foreign Office
Of
A
:
لهنا
VA
Ordnance
137
House o
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
HO
Off
Ordnance
L
138
reasure
Treasury
House
Comm
Admiral
Agent
Board of T
B
Foreig Office
Treasury
3.941.
}
{
F-
وگی
12
Si
8. Hong Kong Scamme
Tresserry
17 January 18/76.
With reference to your
of the 6th Ultime Jam
col
Letter
cred
by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasures to request that You
You will enggest. to its Secretary Gloddetine that Sourner Sir John Davis should be wired to furnish without decry even specific Returns of the Appointinents and Rected off. Sectory or Allow comprized in the Exsiments of Expenstitueres submitted in his Des reetch detect the 25th June Leest. (N=87) as will shew. for
Patchen Eng
wriaet
House
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Treg
Boa
Foreign
Office
Ho
Off
what poirticular purposes the Excess of threet Expenditione in the Lifferent. Despartments beyond
for them in
the Provision made.
the Perlicementevey Extimate
has been incurred, and Sihuvise
Likewise.
to furnish the particuleurs of the peryments constituting the leorge. aidetitional Amount, beyond those Deportmenteel Excesses, which is inserted in his letimate under
the head of Provisional
Provisional Paturies.
and Temporeory Appointments.
treit
Jam
cum state further to clacto
My Lords have had
acasion to mache épurifie
comez
ination to the Secretary
of State regarding the Expenditure for Public Buildings or Works et
Hong Kong cent
the several
110
subjects culvertect to in the Duspected No 88 it has not appeared to Them to be necesscous at presents to runwch further
these points.
Jun
yourdhuchient Servent Car muchon
Nong
House o
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Boar
Foreign
Office
Ho
Offi
ю
2 Jan:
образа му
The Grr. should, of
courte,
my
be instruclid
I a 3
man
my 184
9-23
Jove
3th
C.O.
RECENT
ED
JAN.20
See reply
09 Hong Kong Treasury Chambers
19 January 1846-
to your letter, dated
of Serstant, and its Enclosure, relative
111
to the trummeration to be granted to Mr. Sarucoub for his services as forover of
Hong Kong for a period of two Year's and
half, I am
аш
commanded by the Lords Commission of ther Majesty's Terrach
acquarist
Specretary
to
you for the information of M Gladstone that, under the circumstance
represented in Governor Sir J. Davis's
Despatcher, and in the application from Mr. Farucomb, Lord's concur in opinion
My
with Mr. Gladstone that the paquents of
Stephen Exgf.
fe
fe
Two
House d
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Off
Two Hundred Vounds to Mr. Farucomb,
suggested by 'The Governor, should be
تلك
sanctioned, with the intimation proposed by Mr. Gladstone-
аш
Siri,
Your obedient Servant.
Ew Cardente
a
20 fans. douch destellow The Gor. should, of.
course,
be mishuched
org my
پیچھے
for 200
5.225
to Sod. 12. _ 24 January
6046
RIVED
C.O.
JAN.20
46
Go Hong Kong
Measury Chamber
19 January 1846 -
112
With reference to your letter, dated by the Ultimo, and its enclosure, respecting
the Establishing of a Stram Packet communication between Hong Kong and
the
Shanghai, I am commanded by Lords Commissionier of Her Majesty's
Treasury
to transmit for the information
of Mr. Secretary / Gladstone the Enclosed
copy of a Report
on the Seebject from
the Vostmaster General, dated the Goth Ulterio
I am, Sir,
Youro obedient Servant.
Carduck
Bo Dec. 1845.
Stephen Reg.
Je
Je
году
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Boar
Foreign
Office
Ho
Off
the applicants ? Efisher
In 20.
20 Janch. And destelloner
shr. be
presume that the
an enor how-
Autwin
on from the massag
:cated to the Applicant's.
In P.M. Juural bills the Traking I do not fel sure but that thire menghembu that the matter lies howen that Bel Mer
Adenty
Meis
the Treasing sundsham.
This wo haielly supply Un manuals
cun amoure bv
butt picited cut-
my my
[
End
Fr 9 mthongtong 246 Jarmanfuet
R. 2020/45
The p? Rawson Norton &
Gruttemen
Comarded by
346
Murdoch 23
23
23
Im Stepher. Iseamly know whethin
mis is the comme
113
Theth reference to Mr
Hope's leten of the Welling
Janidirected & M Leek
Gladstone Winforms you
that neither the Post Master General norang
ther Dept.
McGladion of Ame Godt popep al pecanst
Tho mencer
would with lobe tathew, but
Woking 15the heamayletter
I do not an how are any decision
ofaxentaining
or extinating thobxtent of can be come to unlesindeed the correspondence between
its were decided at once tonegatione
M.p. Rawomis suggestion. The sglong of St Shong
tem
Edito dov: 12. and 19
and
Shanghai. Thegare,
Therefore,
any
meable to foun
picion on your
suggestion
That & Wortal.
Communication should.
be cotablished & menusoh Steamer Vesels betwee St. Kong and that Port,
Im Beadstone, has referred but they
will refer you inferred
letter of the to koin last
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Kreign
Office
for the consideration. of
the Govenor of St. thoug
Я
ki
८
ад-м
Irace herewith the Copy of a lette addropped to Lord Stanle 6. Mepr Rawson Norton Ha serggesting the Cotablishment
of a Portal comm
of
creation.
Steam Repels
and
beleven. H. Kong Roughai and the M Ports of China now open
the
15 Bontich Frade. Food
Lord Stanley had refered This letter for the cousiduation of the Lords Commi? of The Learny and the Bost Martes Sencial, but ich appears that in neither. of those Departinin's
12 24 Janu
No 30.
Man -25.
Davis
10 November 18845.
2220 R.,
(2220
1.4
there the menus of aver
Fanning
on even
а
en estimeating
Murstent dimportance of
the correspondence betive,
Nikong and the other Ports FM Godt have of Chica
to
been, therefore, unable to come tany decision on Napr. Raween the 'r
The
Inoposition, but I would request Joue
Weauxider
and to furnich
me with
The fullest information which you may heable
wesket on
and with
the subject_
4
your spiccion as to the feasibility of the plan suggested & thepr
здосвід у Rawson- or if thatch? not appear to you preactinker
as to the manner in which, if such a communication should appear to you necessary, it might mat advantageously be sstäbliched.
Than
House o
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Bo
Foreign
Office
H
Of
卧
F
in 90 4Kong.
115
To the Griffet Honorable the Lords
Commiss
My Lords,
RECE
C.
JAN.20
In
Si
ry of Her Majesty's Teeasury.
returning to Your Lordships the accompanying letter from the Colonial Office, with its ruclosure, I have the honor to inform you,
that the question of Establishing Steam Packet Communication between Hous
Koul
Ка
and
Shanghai is one entirely for
The consideration of your Lordships
and the Board of Admiralty.
I have
- пожал
means of knowing
The Extent or importance of
of the
correspondence between those
places
House o
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Bo
Foreign
Office
H
en
places without reference to thang houg;
and even then it would be a
serious question how far your Lordships would be justified in incurring
The Expence which would attend
the
measure recommended by
mes Rawson Norton & C
さと
I have the honor se
Signed) Lonsdale.
Jeneral Semanal Post Office
30th December 1845.)
7
246 13/2.
}
)
}
1846
10-23
Si,
SERIVED
JAN. 21 1846
105 Hong
Конд
Treasury Chambers,
20tan? 1846.
116
Jam commanded by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Teaser to request that
you
will state to
W. Bcretary Gladstone that my Lords having had under consideration representation submitted to the Several officer Commanding at Hong Kong by the Staff Officer- of the Madhar Troops respecting, the mode of issuing the bay of Share Troops, have observed that
therein stated with reference the Sterling
Copisto Sommier
rigined
Rupee by
value
J
to the East India Compramps
of 1/10 Her Majesty's
Proclamation
that "the Chinese in the Bazaar
4
"Fake
our
Shilling Sterling
h
the
"Equivalent only of half a Rupee "thereby acknowledging the Rupee to be worth 2/
44
other
words
"Her Majesty's warrant fixes the Equivalent of the Shilling at
James Stephen Ergte
House o Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Ho
Off
288 Cash
n
576 for 2/_, but at the
2/-;
"rate of 1/10 the Rupees would- only be
4
worth 528 Cash cach
"whereas the Chinese of their
"own accord
к
accord by taking
2%
us the
Rupee give 576 for the latter, being
A
difference Sovunment rate of
Herling. Avverting
over and above the
t rate of 48 Cash,
2d Ster
to which statement
My Lords have to suggest to M
Gladstone that the attention
the Governor of Hong Kong should be called for the allegation it contamis, and
if the same be well founded that he should be Enjoined to take care that no
such enhancement of the value of the Rupee is
any
recognised by
*
Public Deportment a Tribunal
in the Island, and that no comparative undervaluation of British Silver
Com
ad
a Fender in this Ordinary
і
}
L
{
Batuur Nousuctions Bahaar
117
n.
Flier
contravention of the provisions of Her Majesty's Proclamation ding to the Cussiney
currency is permitted.
You
Si
Your obedient sewent
\
When Young
We
House Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Boar
Foreign
Office
Ho
Offi
T
21 Jenf. Ford Systellin
hurame that a copy of this oh". he communicated
to the God. for his reformalioned and genden
Ú
1206.539
י}
:
}
نة
J
Дамет
1846
Fonwanted by pr
Murdock 23 #Stephen | 23
Gyllelion
Msic Gladstone | 23
20 Jan
1846
By 105 Hongkong 10
118
23 Janman 146.
Stranamist topon
herewith the Copy of a letter
addressed to this Dept by direction of the Lords Comm? of the Treas
the
dufect of the value at which Momper papes in Schong
in transactions between
the (finere and ther
British Merchauti and thes. In compliance
with this docdchips
Shave to desine Suggestions
Theat
"Jour with not recognize augl
enhancement
Мимеешься the
or peritian of the real value of Rupee as fixed Zoo. Mis prvelaciation regarding the Currency of the (dary
aug with ang
in a
on
transactions
Public Fribrand
Department, in the
House d Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Ho
Offi
hanavy comparative mide waluation of British
Silver Coin.
Вилен
Pr
}
24.891
}
}
いほ
کار
Sin
RECEIVED
JAN.22 1846
With
100 Hongkong.
Treasury Chambers
21 January 1846 -
119
further reference to the subject
of your letter of the 22 th d Ultimo, I am commanded by the Lords Commissioners of
Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you
Secretary
for the information of Mr Herstory Gladstones Lords have informed Her Majesty's
that My
Vortmaster Grural that it would be inexpedient
that any
Measure should be adopted for
general extension to all, the Colonies of the
Troviseries of the Act of 3.84. Veit : cup : 96
for enforcing the
the delivery
to the local
Tostmasters of all Letters arriving
on)
Shipboard; but that My Lords will be
I. Stephen Esq.
fe
He
He
prepared
House o Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
prepared to issue the requisite Warrant for giving effect to there Provision in
the case
of Hong Kong, if the Vortmaster
Seural thick it advisable that this should
be done
22 Jauf, dad dytelling
I apprichand tigt this shi stand over until the result
is ascertained?
22% by
I ain, Sir,
انسه
Your obedient Servant
Law Candorte
24.997-
นาย
کار
Graft- sue the 31+
RECEIVED
JAN.24 1846
118 HongKong Treasuvas
rovers
BJanuary 1846.1.20
With reference to your
2
leover.
ие
Letter f
4. 115-25 autopy of a destrutits from the Governor
(1883)
to for
Hong Kong, and other Documents lating to the employment of un litional Clerk in the Cauclitors
partment in that Colony, Jum
nded by the Lords Commiss
Her Majesty's Treasury 5 transmit to you the enclosed Copy of a Report froom the Commissioners
of Audit dated the 23d Ultimo
be
relating thereto, and I am to request that the same may subenitted to Mr. Secretary Gradstone;
and that
7. Stephen Erop
You will obsowe & time
Trait
House d Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
H
that My Linds
concur in the
the Suggestion of the Commissioners that it would
have been desirable that the
of
Governor in replying to the Reference. which had been made to him,
should have instituted
се пог
squific Enquiry into the State of the Business of the Auditor's Depenrtment and have reported his impression from the results of such Enquiry as to-
or otherwise for coldling
the necessity
to the Establishment of it.
that
I am further to request You will state to Mr Secretary Gladstone that in the absence of such Enquiry and Report, and on considering the other concumstances adverted to by the Commissioners of. Audit, My Lords deem it sufficient, that the Governor should be
empowered.
}
empowered, as proposed by the Commissioners, to autorize the fil temporary Employment of c additional - Clerk in the Andlit Office at Hong Kong for such period; as, after due investigation,
be
he may consider
to be necessary, subject to his furthen Report for
the
Zer
information of Har
Majesty's Government-
{
Jan
your obuetient Servant
23 Funky
ہے
House
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of T
Bo
Foreign
Office
6
La 24
Fide 110-45 J27..
24
And hyttelling
Course
be mit huclid accordinglang
Copy
INCENED
JAN24
ཀིམ༣༨ སྨུpea
My Lords,
in 118 Hongkong
Audit Office
122
982 December 1845-
We have the honor to acknowlery
order
the receipt, under Your Lordships of the 2e ultime, of M. Stephen's Letter, dated 31. October last, transmitting the Copy of a despatet from Sir I. &. Stanis
T.
dated 28th August 1845, with an encloses Letter of Mr Shelley, Auditor at Stong Kong, referring
former Memorandur
to a
of - August 1844, respecting the establishnes
clicks required for carrying on his
f
duties in Shich accordance with
with
from air
не
а
24. Och
lis Instructions; and stating reference to some Extracts from Report to Your Lordships of 24 =
the subject, that having considered whether he really
1845 on
дол
:
on without
The Lords Commissioners
of Her Majesty's demony
山
Can
additionall
any
afsistarad
House o
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Ho
Off
"
" assistance, he has come to the "conclusion that one more Cleck is "absolutety necessary, that he had been paying for
one occasionally
out
"of his own pocket. _ and he addy that
"great adva
dvartage
it would be of great
at
"to the Public Service generally if, a any rate for the next
the next geado
yead or two, an
"adatitional and efficient black
"were allowed."
The Governor remarks in forwarding this Letter, according to the request of the Auditor, that he
abstains from any
his
own,
observation of
considerings
"that with
" the facts before them, the Board of the Lords Commissioners
studit and the Lords
of Sher Majesty's Treasury will, from their experience of other Colonies, be
"better qualified to form an opinion
and " than himself -
It appears to us however, that,
is general experienced
whatever
may
be the
añ
но
informater
Authorities
123
ation possessed by the stome as to the Establishments
of Governed is essential to forming a
other Colonies, the opinion of the
conclusion as to what is
just conclusion
necessary for the efficient performance of the duty in the Auditor's Office. at Stong
The Governor conan the spot call for all the "Books which the Auditor Keeps, and compare them with the generals recommendations contained
former Report of 24th January 1845, to which the present letter of the Auditor has reference; _ Le can also
my
مس سمند
ascertain to what extent the Amount
the
of labor has become diminished by
gradual better understa
understanding of the principles and details of Account; the quicked delivery of
the Accounts; and the avoidance altering
Accounts when they
of
are once
made up, in consequence of real
حمه
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
H
Off
ara
assumed
errors; and by
the
consequent
diminution of correspondence, independently of the diminished
Amount of writing
and
Axying to
which latter point and Report of 24th January 1845 particularly adverted._
tous it
us it would certainly appear that the required labor must have greatly diminished, in proportion as the difficulties have, in a great measure ceased: __ the Consuls Accounts which, at the time the Auditor wrote, of examination to the extent of fifteen Sets";" Love
were in arread
of
been now received, with the explanations
the Superintendent thereon; the Treasurer's Accounts for the quarter to June 1845 appead to have been received by the Auditor on the 3rd July 1845; and, after passing examination by him, they were transmitted to this Office
on
не
the 29th August 1845 . _ Aching B the System of making Imprests was as seen by the Accounts of that quarter, effected very
much in accordance
with the Supplementary Instructions
and upon which
suggested by us, and
луна,
we reported on the 19th Instant
The Revenue and Expenditure of
the Colony are limited, excepting to for
as
regards the expenditure incure for Public Works, and these are chiefly if not entirely perfor Contract, thus obviating
the
linder
necessity
of lengthened Computations, and examination of detailed Bills, for
Materials and Labor
whether the
It may therefore be doubtful, employment of a second. Cleck in the Auditor's Office coulding
be
required for any continuanced but, at the same time, as it is very
important
:
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Toreign
Office
Off
For
important that the duties of the Auditon Office should be efficiently performed, and as it is difficult, when not
on the Spot, to pronounce
ހ
accurate opinion
مه
to the aid
required for the efficient performance of duty by any particular Officer,
we think it would be desirable
that the Governor should be empowered to authorise the temporary employment
Second Clark, as requested by of a the Auditor, for so long.
the Governor may
a time as
deen arressary.
after carefully examining the meints of the application, reporting however to the Secretary of State, the directions which he may gine in the matter, with such particulars be necessary for
For Your may Lordships' information. _
as m
We take this opportunity of
observing
a
{
125
observing in reference to the Andition remark that it is necessary to Copy
the Accounts Current, (because the badness of the paper precludes the record of the duplicated Accounts in
Guard Books, for any purpose of
after reference that we experienced the same difficulty here, in consequent приво of the Accounts
being
made out on
being
which occasions
very large thick Paper, and folded and refolded,
the Paper to crack. - This however
be obviated, by making
arch
Bray the Accounts on Foolscaps, and the Accounts might then be don't flat,
or
when afterwards
half
only folded once, and when it placed in Guard Books, bound, they
would at all times be
available records for future reference.
The object of the large Paper Las probably been to Their the whole
f
}
کار
Copy to Gov. 15.
27 January 1846
RECEIVED
JAN.? + 1246
I am
119 Hongkong 426
Trea
Jury
Chamber B January 1846 -
335
are commanded by the Lords Commissioner of Her Majesty's Treasurch to transmit herewith as Supplementary Sestuctions to the Auditor of Accounter
at Hong Kong, signed by Their Lordships, In order that the may be submitted to Mr. Secretary Gladstone in the My Lorde
request that he will cause, the same. to be forwarded to the Governor of Houg kong with directions to let them be duly conformed to-
transmit
J. Stephen Reg.
Je
I aur at the same time to
Extract from the Report of
au.
the
House o
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
of the Receipts and Payments at one new, but this could be only
required in the case of
Financial Statement
(signed)
We have te
an annual
W.D. Herries
Henry Arbuthnot
Edw
Law? Romilly
$
24.991 24.992
17.483
4:99745
House d Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boar
Foreign
Office
Hon
Offic
Ord
Tre
The Communist of Audit of 29th August last in explanation of the trunciples upon which these Supplementary Sustructions have been framed, and I ame to request you will obverve to Mr. Secretary Gladstone
Hong.
that it has appeared from recent accounte and communication received frome Kong that in several respects the Provisions.
of them have
have already
noted
been acted
upon.
by the Colonial Officer; but that it
is
nevertheless desirable th
they
should be
forwarded to the Governor, with directing
to consider the whole of the Regulation
they comprize
authority
น
(
ad
Established by My Lorde
Я
air, Sin
acie
Your obedient Servunt.
kho
Candurte
127
Dochart of a Report from thes
Commissioners
missioners of Audit, date
August 18415.
29
We have carefully considered the whole of the Correspondence and documents,
no good purpose to animadvert on the erroneous views and opinions, which, according our judgment, may
and due think it would answer no
to
have been entertained
in the -
5 Colony. It will be more useful, after Collecting from the several documents, what are the difficulties which have been experienced,
and what are the laund Circumstances bearing
to suggest
bearing upon each point,
the course best calculatect
to attain what is desired, without deviating from the Spirit of you -Lordships Instructions, and, with this object, we proceed at once to explain
жете
and own mewas.
فال
House a
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Boa
Foreign
Office
Hon
Offic
Ori
Tre
The Ger¬
Vide 118/4672.
and Systellin
of
Course
be instinalid
#
1015
ادما گریه و
{
:
v
赴
Sin
મ
ED
JAN.26
..., ཨརིཏཾ, ( )
125 Hongkon
Treasury Chamber
24 January 1846-
In reply to your
your communications
128
dated 14th Sustant, respecting the rrection
mer desp: 144-2
24 October 1845 ) 2258-
yor: 28-20 26746.
rusd 31 Jar
Vide to
sons I are commanded
of a Church at Houghton an
by the Lords Commission of the Majorstign Treasury to request you will states to
4. Secretary bladstone that, ou adverting
the apparently large amount of the Estimated Expence of erecting a furch
cording to Mr. Hardwick's Naus,
av
Compared with the accommodation for which it is proposed to provide, and to
the vague, Nature
of
the information upon
which that Pestimate would seem to have
been found, My Lord's conceive it to be
. Stephen reg.
fe
ке
fe
advisable
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of T
Bo
Foreign
Office
advisable, before authority is given for defraying two thirds of the Expence of the Building from the local Revenue Fund, that the Governor of Hong Kong should be called repon to report specifically what would be the cost of carrying Mr. Hardwick's Rai into effect, according to the actual
prices of Work at Hong Kong, or of the
Courte
suction of such other Building of a
secbstantial and respectable description
without
any
exeeberance of ornament
the Governor, on cour
consulting with the
(gumanding Royal Regener, may
deen
at
to be necessary for the due accommodations
of any congregation littlich to affemble
in it 1
likely
The Several sets of Vans
which
affixed to Desph
die Dept. Mr. Handwrites Plan ( Далай
B
!
Returned)
letter are herewith
which accompanied your
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant -
129
873f
до буз
پیوست
Northe
hmong
6
&2
ng my my
my
my
men & my moody. nomark/
B.
mmm no
geen gert einhegen
W
L
Bo
House
Comm
Board of Agent
Admiral
B
Office
Foreign
and dyshelled
This
27 Jauf.
thi
Suarany.
without
over.
is one.
of a way
ruch the recomm
numerot
undations.
class
of the
of
in which
cater he
The Head
of this Office
any previous private intimation that they are about to do so When once the decision is formally announced the difficulty of oblarning a retractations becomes almost insuperable. These collisions of authority are, I think, not quite seemly, nor at all necessary of W. Brande, through whose hands all there master pass,
excurly,
Joe ve
hd.
authorized to apprize
suodified
this Office privalily of every such difference of opinion sorry konsumendalin's might be sitter withdrawn or In objections befor any
case all. I
unwelcome
so astmeet
one was committed to the maintenance of a
I have, however, been unsuccessful in my
attempts to
less authorletion
any suggest is that W. Gladstone should homself send sitroduce such a pracher of private communications. In the fissent
for and dec Hr. Brande. I do not think that
satisfied to acquiese in this decisions
25 Jauh. And Lyttelton
If Mr. Gladstone
of this hearing, the Gov. oh! I
suppose
be mis huclid
hun
Would it is possible to induce the Treasury to gur any conditional authority who wo mable the Gurrum to let this Church be begin? In instance - if they would allow me by a quant that they were ready to authoring a contribution from The public Funds ofther Colmy, that such antribution might reach "/oogte whole exprience of tepee reaining salterniser. satisfied that it was erottum them warranted & Mabit wi to so laid ontas. mation they
In occasion
excud -
ww
call,
list that in
they
they
to obture with accommodation to an adequate that they must reseron their judgments as to the propertion to be torun by the public until had recind the fuelle information for which unsundrine preparations might be might h made is as bosan time, & the building, cummenced pro- to centrihete
rided pentus there won chuste trinh bit russ to ammumer. above described as bother responsibility undusbanding often public,
ww
willing
& that the Gro
with the
Entend
Snow Syy 17/6/
CS. Freuchenden Sie
1846*
Fortefied by panÉ
hurdock 20,
Tor Helion
Shon
bylam
6.57969146
(2371
31 Jan 3846.
Lunnectedly
directed f
ち
acknowledge the receipt
letter opthed 4
Infecting Gladolomito
of game
statineg
that advection
horde Comme " of the Meaning
the opinion of the
thed & Rest
Imm
The pspored Squishal
of tichy pense of
W the large
H.
Mong.
report as to the expense of themes, before
of the folong for a specific
thane places should be referred to the Goverm
would beadvisable that had been prepared, it on which the plaurofit native of them formation
aced the indefinite
completing
defraging 2-87 of the
authority is given for
alty
Expense from the public
ле
Revenue. The
илел
howevu ih the
w
Палику
Rondo of the Frearmy
propose to punane would
Nee
ок
mpaich moolaba vey Grealdelag in the commence
meul
the Church -
and
M. Gladstone is of opinion
that it is such the derived
Thotang.
such de
e
delay
should
ih posible, be avoided
•
While therefore, he arguins, in the propel of referring the plans of the theat Church quepard & Me Hardwicke for the Governor's Report, he would, unless the Lord, of the hearing shouldolgil wruch a course, accompany that reference ( an internation.
1
131 adhere
AM that IM Godt state au W their decision to contubing
а биш. Я
notwending 2.5° expense towns
of the whole.
The trection of the Church,
the
povede d. that is for seeing his for the report they should be vaterfeeds that I would
such
алашни
not be more there the occasion warranted, & that it would be applied in Leech a manner as to provide accommodation wave adequate calent M. Gladatorke would and that
Gladecorquali.
A&M Godt must meertheles
their finale
Eeserve
judgment as to the fun.
portion to be contributer, If the public, until they should receive the further
tion called for,
G
information
ши
but that in the meantime
preparations might be
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Ho
Om
made so as Wrave time
hereafter, and this buildings berven commen id, pes. vided that the Inhabitant,
of the glong
h
1
should be
W contributes and
that the Govercion should
think it safe to commence
upon
the
frecendiing
which Infer specified
a. W the
aderstanding Responsibility of the
&
Government.
Phace
1.509
24
T
RECEIVED
JAN.3 1
1945
Ausd 7 Feb746.
p
Feby 46.
Lipy of the!
16. Hong Kong
Treasury Chambers 132
W Canuary 1846 -
I am commanded.
by the Lords
(gumisseries of Her Majesty's Treasury to
transmit herewith in order that
be suburitted for
the consideration
they may
of Mr
Secretary Gladstone, and for such directions
as he
may see fit to give thereon, Copier of a Report from the Commifs " of Audit,
dated 21th Prestant, and
its Enclosure),
ofiti
respecting the high price of Statimury at
Hung hông,
and the
Expediency of forwarding
Supply from this Country
I am Seri
Your obedient Servant.
er Trumbu
I. Stephen Eig.
fe
be
Ye
ural
d T
す
{
133
House d
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign Office
Ho
Off
Ord
Tr
:
31
foof"
dood hyttellid
I think that the Agent should be wishuched to purchase.
ordinary
and slich, a sufifty of the ordin
Arliches
of Statinery for
amplion; and
that the God. sh? be told what has suggested this Aden
Kong Hong, equal to about half & grai's consen
and should be
desired to
report fully
чо
the salject.
吆
7.2
Inteed.
Fr. 174 4 Kong.
G. Baillie Cay
Forwarded
· 1846 1
Mr Merindan kl q ysStephen | 4
MESE Gladstone 4
1
to Freast letter 30 Jan 2/46
1761
Sie 9 Jet: 1046434
Suneducated &M.
Lee! Gladstone. Wo transmit herewith the City ofer
Ware
letter addressed to the
Comme to
of leedich of the
Auditor General of Achong,
to be havergant
representing
Colony
of
Statenary in that
and suggesting that
a gear's supply, the particular, of which he specifies shorts be sent out whine from this Country. MiGladstone with take au cant opportung рети
Safeel with the Gordsh
A.Kong,
thi
but in the meantime.
he desires that goes with
you
Moure and ship to that Colong at once, one
half
of the Supply sherified
in MrShelley; letter to the
-----
EF
House d Commo Admiralty
Agent
oard of Tra
Boa
oreign
Office
и
Conn = of leudit.
Ravere
Lii
The Lords fommets of the
Reaney
haver
that
to me a letto addressed to the Commiss?" of ludibly, Exelinditor Gent of Pithory, :pecanting Phototravagant
in that. Rice of Statemery liony, andanggesting
gear's supply, of which he "pecifics the particulars, should be acut out from the Country. To prevent
mconvenience
Expense I have desired.
ле
воленд
ther
the Agent abonce wand out half the supply required Mr Shelly - and is the neantime Incest request you to infoun
ne whether
-
20-
Aus?
22 May/466-58
6_
Intered
. Davis
Jeb: 1046.
Entered
днел
135
consider that it would
be advantagious to this public service that the Stationery requireds & the God? Officer in St Kong should be un future be supplied fromettes County, Ярка, If so, it would be necessung
же...
that free should furnistoun
Jace with an annual calatague of the ancount which wild be required sufficiently Early
wallow of its reaching St. Thong before the stock on hand is & hausted; and quest point out to you that These requisitions, as well a, all others of every desciftin. should be forwarded Gyoung, lonce, and should not be addressed & subordinates of your God! to subordinatio Offices in this Country.
Mavere
CS. Levelgandy. Lir
Soundiested. & Mr. 7. Jeb: 1046. sees Gladstone Wacker the
Hous
Comm
Admir
Agent
Board of
Foreig Office
receipt of gom leten of the solllline, encloring an fort from the Comme & oflendit, qua requisition, for Stationery
pared to them. & the tlukter. Several of Nikong. Jane to date to you for them forme
addie
of the IT Mail Ins
of the L. C. of the
ladstone has called on this havea
Govenor of R. Rays for a
Koup de port as to the pressuiety of future fumiching ferme Mai Country the Stationery required for the public. Officer n. that ecology, and that in the meantime. Brevent
inconvenience and
Le
has desceted the legati to
hocure and chip, me
of the
есле
half
the suffly specified tim Her Colley's letter 15 the Count
вилин
Shavk
Copy/
A
+
in 176 Whong
My Lords.
RECEIVED
JAN.SI 1946
Audit Office
136
21. January 1846_
We bey leave to represent to your
Lordships that we have received from the
Auditor at St
Hong Song a letter, dated
31. October last, of which a Copy is enclosed,
advecting to the high price of Stationery als
đang đang of Sending
and
out a
suggesting Supply;
the expediency
The Auditor
at the same time states what quantity
of Stationery would probably be required for his Office in connection with that of the black of the Council's Office during
the next twelve month
We have in reply to this lettem. informed the Auditor that the consideration
of every matter relating to expenditure
rests with
е
goud Lordships
Lordships and the
of State, and that all
Secretary of State,
representations and
The Lords Commissioners
of Sher Majesty's Treasury
以
suggestions on such points
House d Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
"oreign'
Office
Hon
Offic
Ordi
Trea
points should be made to the Chief
Secretary in order to the question being. brought
under the notice of the Governor,
and reported upon by the Governed to the Secretary of State; but that in the
present instance we had submitted a Copy of his Letter to Your Lordships,
with
Copy
रा
Gentlemen,
and
137
Auditor General's Office Victoria. Hong Kong
31 October 1845
The amount of the Stationery
- printing Bills of this department in
Connexion with that of the black of Councils Office are to
Instructions being
will not
the
a view to any given to the Agent General
Subjects which goud Lordships might
deem necessary.
We have tim
(digna)
1.2. Herries
A. J. Luttrell
Henry Arbuthnot
that
heavy has I
any longer defer callingen
Sen
my
тут
Your attention to them.
Annual Report which I transmit in
February Sshould naturally do so.
Ihave been obliged
al
Cleck
the enormous hein
of Councils to pay of Twenty two dollars for ream of common foolscup,
Single
and
of the others Departments have paid 15 and 16 Hollars, the present market price
is $12; it has been as low as $8 for
a cvery inferion Article.
he Commissionens
For Auditing Public Accounts
London
House d
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
of
Scalinlate Ishall want in the course
twelve months as follows:
Good Foolscap
2056.
"
}
12 Reams
Common
do
6
do
Letter
کار
Ord
do
Note
18
Draft paper
12
mg/n
3
287.
207 song long
Treasury Chambers
RECEIVEL
PFC
FEB 6 1846
5.
138
5 - February 1846-
With reference to your letter, dated
31th Ultimo, further
on the dee
bjich of t
thes
Common for printing
forms & Ordinances
к
With Envelopes.
And if you
50
think fit to order
Supply to be Stent out to me
of perhaps to ffer bent might I hope
be effected.
In addition to the above I should
be glad to be furnished with 4
4 good
penknives, 2 paper Krrives, some Indian
rubber and some Indian
eating was
and a ream or two of laye thicker
wrapping papers
and blos
blotting paper, and
a few sheets of Elephant size papers
for Fabular Statements and Returns.
Shant
(2) Adolphus b. Shelley
Auditor Generat
20-20
Jeby 46.
Expence of the proposed Church at Hong
Kong, I an
commanded by the Lords
Exemmissioner of Her Majesty's Treasurch
to acquaint you, for the information of Mr. Srenetary
Gladstones, that My Lords
have not seen reason to dissect from
the teruss of the communication which Mr. Gladstone propover to make to the Governor of Hong Kong respecting the contribution from the local Komunes Fund towards the construction of the said
I. Stephen Reg.
He
fe
&
Thurch
.
Hous Comm
Admira
Agent
Board of
Foreig Office
Church -
I am Sir
Your obedient Servant_
винетовидн
:
2.
wr
"
139
HOUS
Com Admir
Agent
oard of
Foreig
Office
дза
Lord dyttelties
now proceed
ume
that the proposed
his
7.6.
dushucho's sh
734 1/20
}
')
1
and 25-17 July46.
Si
RECEN
FEB. 10 1846
all
Treasury Chambers.
7th by 1846.
commanded
110
માં
རྟགས།
by the Lords
Commissioner of Her Majestyoder to acquaint you for the information of Mr. Beretury Gladstone with
letter of the 274
reference to
your
wed. last, that their Ladshuser hadr Copy of the Instructions
caused a
given by the Court of Werectors of the East India Company to Lesit: Walles to be sent to the Officer in Charge of the Commissariat in New South Wales, by which dustuctions Lint. Walles is directed to apply to the Officer Commanding in that Colony to sauction advances from the Commissariat Chest of such further as may be required by lui for the object for which he has bun specially deserted to New S. Wales -
Seuns
James Stephen Eiph
Hous
Comn
Admira
Agent
Board of
B
Foreig Office
L
My Lords have also directed that
Copy of the dustuctions to Lunt: Wallas be Hausmitted to the Officer in Charge of the Commissariat at Hong Kong by which he will perceive that the croit to the Extent of £20.000 opened in favor of Lunt. Waller with the Government of Hong Kong, the drafts on account of which
were to be paid from the Commissariat Chest, with be cancelled from the date of the meist by Lunt. Waller of the said Instructions
I am
Your obedient Servant.
A
1
za
•
111
House o
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boar
Foreign
Office
Hom
Ice
Ordr
reas
10 deb and achtellin
30
informed.
:
10
2
273 Hong Kong Transang Chant
Fir
the
ir
RENCEIVEL
2.
W
FEB. 15
1846
Levey
10th February 1840.
the reference to ever
گریه
Letter of
26th Ultimo Jam commandeal by
the Lords Commissioons of
Ther
Majesty's Trensions to request that You will observe to Mr Secretory Gladstone that according to the Statement untouined therein of the Colonial Revenue at Hong Kong, for
31
the current. Year & the 38th of Search,
it appears that Nevenue will be
t
fully sufficient, to defrey Lunceforwurd the Expenditure of the Govermen for Public Buildings and Works
You
conet for Contingencies, and th will therefore suggests to Mr
>
Seuratury
2. Steptron Ent
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
Ho
Off
Ord
Tre
Seculary Ciludstone that it will be unnecessiory to include any Provision for that Expenditure in the botes for the Service of the Colony for which leflication will be mude to Perlicument, and will move Mr. Glantstone to give the requisite Directions in this respect as records the preparcition of the Extimate for the boto for the insering Year.
Jam
Jiri,
C.
:
berleent Servants
your obeleent
là tình y
2
1873
Bach and Lyttelton
me that the Extiniali sh? be revised
7.13
I presume
chine
HM
10.
之
Juri : 26-18 Fely 416.
276 Anything
RECEIVEL
FEB. 14 1846
Tremury Chambers
18 February 1966 -
113
With reference to your letter, dated,
28th Ulttimo, and its Enclosures, I am commanded by the Lords Commissioner of
Her Majesty's Treasury to acquint,
you
for the informations of M. Leritary Sladstone,
that My Lords
recommended
Salary
by
concur in the sanction
him for the Enercases of to the Police (forker, the Clentin of the
Worker, and the flecks of 1
18
flerks of the Land Registry
at Hong Kong, which were reported in the
Neturi
forwarded to this Board, in Mr. Hope's letter of 12 th August last, and are
how explained by the Despatch from
. Stephen Rep.
fe
Governor
}
House Comm Admiralt
Agent
Board of T
B
Foreign
Office
Governor Sir J. Davies, Nr. 155, of 28th -
November last.
14. tit. Former Papers sukdown Iffe.
hid. Devis 4:46. 10thful 1045
C.D. to Jury - 12 Anj
"
h: 138
30
.LT. 4 Sie J. Dein
6 Sept.
I am, Sir, Your obedecict Servant -
(.0. to Tranny - 28 Jan. 1840.
Sir J. Davis 2:155.28 Na
Calmudyan
by 714.
548
}
10
27-19 Jeb746
プ
Vile to
278 Honghong Terasury Chambers, 134
RECEIVED
0.
FEB. 14 1846
With
13 February 1866.
reference to your letter,
dated 8th Elttimo, and its Enclosures,
л
the Lords Commifseniers
and commanded by the Lords
of ther Majesty's Treasury to acquaintiques,
the information of Mr. Szeritury : dstone, in reply thereto, that My
Pladstone,
سلام
you,
concur in the sauction recommureded
Mr. Gladstone for Expenditures for
Repairs of Ronds referred to in the Despatch from: The Inversion of Houghông, No.137, of
13th October last,
as well as in the
Sustructions Mr. Gladstone propover
to the Lovercon
that
propoves to address subject.
я
. Stephew Esq.
Me
де
Je
an, Seri.
ал
Your obedient Servant
Wer mulig
487
House d Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Honie
ffice
Ordnan
Treasu
13.991/45 / 303 Nyong them
2
RECEIVED
FEB.23 1846
песе
recesury
45
21. February 1846.
ir
Letter
With reference
to your
14 Febs Lord Lyttelton
The Go
bold,
fo
he
hithy
&
are
ch 146.
78-05
dated the 8th Dumber Cast Jam commanded by the Lords Commi of Her Majesty's Treasury to request that You will observe to Mr. Secretary Gladstone that the Arreeny ements
ents therein aclvertect to
respecting, the Superannuation of Parties who have hitel Offices under the Civil Government, of Ceylon
were sunctioned, with reference to the puction Constitution of the livil Establishment of that Seland
C
and the me
in which it
has been determined that
Appointments to the Civil Service
in
House o Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Bo
Foreign
Office
in that Colony
oire
I've made; and
that it does not appear to My Fords that this Coorangements is in cins respect applicable to the Nolders of Office at Hong Kong,
Tre
осrе
any circumstances
or that there
ttaching to
the Position of these last mentioned Perties which should render it mcessory to modify the Regulations in regard to their Retirement. which have been already proposed by this Bound & the Suntary of Korte
Jam
Jir
Your obechient Pervcent
Edmundly an
146
House a
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Ordn
reas
23 Zub
Former Papers_sunt slower 7/1/
Freasmy
Governor
bdev. 1843
Lastenley Thorn 30
Camry 7-012
La Stanley ASN.
Gmenor
Kearny
C.D. to Juany
Learney
་
އ
pv. 23 17 June 1844 2:15
24 Dee'
1 Actshe
поръ
5 dana
#
30 Sept.
10 hw.
C.U.t Tray - & Dev.
Draft &propined
"/
"
(In Vol: 1.7 1043)
drift/
b9i4-shor
ma)
"
चनिय
(no drift)
Despatch for. I
The
28 deb Lordsetteller
of this dat
Ji
120
et and effect object
is to show thent.
adhere to their
rich the
decisions must be
ann
onneed to the Gor. of H. Bronze
by 724
Inarmy
argament aged agamist it. I
decissin & con
Insferse
Ky mif=
this
there
11896 2/1
Sang trọng
Treasury Chamber
IVED
MARG
1846
5M March 1846-
147
yo
Me
With references to Mr. Gladstone's letter, dated 29 the Samary last, I ams commanded by
The Lords
Commissioners of
Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you for the information of the Secretary of
State, that My Lord's have given directions to the Tagmarter of Civil
P. the
Services to pay to Mr. R. Smith,
Cheif Clerk of the Eglanial Officer, the Sue of £35-8-6 in repoquant of Expences inerred in paffing & Commission for the trial at Hong Kong of Offences
Stephen Eng.
fe
fe
Committed)
House o Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
Fro
Offi
Ord
Tr
Committed ou
the High Sear
the Vouchers rucloxed in
Mr. Gladstone's letter are herewith
ritururd
I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant
Cab mandagen
2.2
118
House d
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
Ho
he Smith
bay
received
Account re
Euanch.
1-
4.
3.450
ند امد
Ansd 14
Vide to Try" 5 Accg/46.
380 Hove
RECEIVED
MAR. 9
1846
Treasury Chambers
Jy
Bharch 1846-
119
With reference to your letter, dated
New
25th Ulteens, transmitting Potence of hand Appointments, the, at Hong Kong for the
Quarter Ending 3 1 . Orcember 1845, I am
The Lords Commissioner of
Commanded
by
I
Mr Minjecting's Treasury to requent you will
Move Mr Seere
Serstary
Gladstones to cause
My
Lords to be informed whether the representations
stated to have been seebenitted by Governor
Despatch, No. 150., of
Sir J. Davis in a Despatch,
12th November last, have appeared to M. Gladstone to afford, any sufficient grounds
for the alteration of the Establishment of the Supreme Court at Hong Kong by the separation
Stephen Eg.
of
JAX
House
Commo Admiralt
Agent
Board of T
Bq
Foreign
Office
Ord
Tre
the Offices of Judges Eleck, and Click
of the Courts, at an increased Expences of
L. 150. per
C Мишина
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Sewant-
веститовидн
130
House Comm Admiral
Agent
Hoard of T
By
:
Foreign
Office
Tr
young p
The former papers
Mytephen
for ich observe
Nathy Mr. Gladstone's despatch of 20 Jandstart; Sir J. Davis has been already called on for a report on the point rained Fanny the previous canelpondence
the Reamy.
ttt. so manch
11 March and. Lestelling
he so
What thin
I apprehend
inferend. H
выхожу
Wifhich
زار
1
Satered
Hd. Fnochenken sin
1846
Forwarded by MAR
?
Murdock or
Stephen 12 Londlyttelton
Msec(ladstone 12
To Gov: 17-29 Jan146.
14 Mank 148
146.
151
Juve directed GM
bees Gladstone Back.t receipt of goue beter of the
lecoy 7 mall and lostate topon
in answer, for the informat
20
of the
the Lords Comm
That on the RG
Kearney,
Sand Cast,
of Lid J.
ore.
the receipt
Davis Despatch.
а
of 12 nos. No180, Im Gladstone requested fir J. Davis 15 furnish a feuther report on the deparation of the Offices
deck, and Stark of Judges Cleck, of the Count, Gehiet, The er penses of the Count would bemneresed off th perammer. Entilan auswer to McGladstones
despatch has been viived
House
Commo Admirali
Agent
Board of T
B
Foreign OfficeTM
Or
Tr
on
resouxideas hat the decision of MMGodt or this arrangement should
The suspended.
Chavezi
1
Si
290 2
RECEIVED
MAR. 1 1 1846
I am ev
Commusumeer
си
Treamy Chaniber
152
13
10 March 1846
mmanded by the Louds
Her Majesty's Treanny to
hausurit, in compliance with the request contained in your Letter of the 2. lettino, the Returns which harheen prepared by the
andet, of the
Commissovers of
of the Revenue and
ofthing
Expenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong, together
with
-Copy of a Report from the Commissioners
on this suheit. -
Lam
stephen. Egy
Su
Jou obedient Servant
law Candurte
House o Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Toreign
Office
Hon
Office
Ordna
Treas
bohrt. Magen
with
to the
March
So he giver
3
:
:-
153
My dear Sir,
The accounts commected
with the China.
marey
have not
get teen finally adjusted, and it is therefore necessay to give
as to the payment of
Memorandum.
Expences mained at
Hay kong,
a
which will be charged against the
Grants of Packament as soon as the Accounts are completed.
thope the rettime in its present
form with
: heame
an sover the prpose.
A
avery tirty yours
21 april
brafer
2
Boa
In 250 4king
134
Andis séffice
6th March 1846.
}
by Lords
In obedience to
Your Fordoliger
mmands
signified_ to me in a letter from her landwett Of the 5th Mine, be have prepared and he wwith Lanomit a Retum, in cuplicate, of the Receipts and Expenditure of the Colony of Hong Kong from the 15 July 1843.
when that Island was reded to the
Crown, up to the 30! September 1945, the latest period to which accounts have been
rendered to this office.
We have thought it right to append
to the above Retunn am botract marked
A of the receipts and disbursements at
the 1st May 1841, the late
Hong Kong from
of the occupation of the Island by the Bilich Authenties, up to the 30? June 1843; in order to enable your Lordshiper,
you should think is proper, to lay that additional information before the Houve : For this last mentioned pe od
in cave
however no bonchers have accompanied
The Lords Coming to
of. A. Mr. Freavery
the
Hou
Com
Admin
Agent
Board of
Foreig Office
Harefore to give the same particulars of
the accounts; and we are
unable to
the various Brancher of Expenditure,
in the Setum for thei
which we
have
e given
peiod from 10 July 1843.
We have
rijned
{
ho.
H.. Genes
4. F. Luttrell.
2.
A grant.
:
"Return of the annual Receipt
155
Receipt and Expenditures of the Colony
c
of Hong Hong, made up to the latest period for which Accounts huur heen received, showing the gross Receipts from the various Braucher "of Revenue under their different, heads; distinguishing the Amounts " levied in the Colony from Parliamentary Grants, and stating the "Expenditure under its various Branches"; prepared in pursuance of directions contained in a Treasury Letter, sated 3rd February 1846, and to
Address of the House of Commons of 29th January 1846.
NAL C
Receipts
1th July 1843 to 31th March 1844-
44114.112
A
Pents of Land.
Magistrates Courts ...
330-15.44.
Spirit Licences.
21u2u6
Market Ments.
390.8.07
Pines, Fees & : in Magistrates Courts.
Hent of Quarters occupied by Military 32.2.8
Officers .
Aides levied in the Colong
1215 136
d
1
From the Canton Ransom Fund
556258
12350.0.0
From the East India Company's] Paymaster.
From the China Indemnity Fund.. 18327-8-8 36237 14
Expenditure
Subvries.
*
Th
Total Receipt ₤37/455 7 10
Wages to subordinate persons in the Departments of
b. 11322.6.6.
Police.
Marine.
Land.
11 58 12... 5
366.2.11 32,3,.1.
Other Departments.
1354.0
22,16.16.0
276.10.10
3981.10.3
17544-1819
Contingent Expenses in the several Departments.
Hent of Houses used as Offices.
Eriction and Repair of Buildings . Formation of Avads..
Compensation for Loss by Fire.
Payment for Gun-Boats.
65.0.0
134.6.8
Lofs by alteration in the current value of loin. 206-2-2.
Post Office. Expenses.
coward of Hong Kong, war cidio is the mon
"
412 × 86
22,352 199
Int. 10413.
2202
مي
Military Works ..
Brought forward 22352 19
d.
d
470811 Aid lovied in the Colony,
27064 10
(
f.
✓.
Brought forward ... 14523 11 10
From the Chinx Indemnity Freud :
Total Receipt
156
96012172
110,566 20
Advanced on account of Expenditure defrayed by H.M. Superintendent of Trade. (X)
Advances to the following Consulates :
a
Cantow. Shanghai
Ningpo.. Amoy
C...
Macao.
£
2766.13..44
4239, 13
፡፡
о
2490 "O "G 1825.00 1458116.8 931. 13. 14
(A) In addition to the above, & further sum of # 1363. 12.5 was expended for the Establishment
of the Superintendent of Trade - to meet which, Bills were drawn on the Luds of the Treasury.
Receipts
Expenditure
Salaries.
273 13.0.0
Wages to subordinate Persons in the Departments of
Police.
26941911
Marine.
13510
9934410
Land..
459.12..11.
Other Departments
272-8-4
Total Expenditure £40872 6:
1th April 1844 to 31,the March 1845:
Land Rents.
Market Ments..
Fees on granting Leases of Land . Hees on appointment of Serangs. Fees on Marriage Licences.
egistering Boats.
Hees on r
Fees, Fines, and Horfeitures Judicial Courts... Licences to tublicans and.
Spirit Dealers.
Pawn Brokers.
•
Auctioneers. Salt Brokers. Billiard Booms.
Opium Farming.
•
Stoul Quarrying.
Sale of a Houser.
Sale of Stores .
мо
Passes and Sailing Letters granted
by the Superintendent of Trade. Post Office.
Sumé recovered.
•
£. 8507-4.1% 977.14.974 878.16.6744
65.0.0 5..12..
s. d.
8
137.10.14.
} 1062.10-7/
640.5.0 270.16.8 86.13.4 75.16.44 10.16.8 153.16.8
173.6-8.
81
4
409"
99 18.9
68.17.11
667-17-1
591-22-174
111,523 410
Contingent Expenses of the several. Departments 273.8.1.10 Stire of Houses used as Offices. -Purchase and clearing of Lands.
Evenpensation to Land Owners and Householder d. 463.3.
on their recitoval to a new Location. Formation of Hoads, Bridges, Drains &c:. Erection and Repair of Buildings . Commission on, Sales at e tuction. Formation of a Burial Ground. Transportation of Convicts.
•
•
Bounty & Money to Men engaged for the
Police (Force.
Post Office Expenses.
1201..15.8
3543 16... 7/12
8..
4
16652.16.7/2
4208.18/2
48.3.4 238.7
150 0.0
2010.0
570..10.6 65642.
Payments ou account of the Department | 5978.8.19%
of A. M. Superintendent of Tradé
Payments on account of the following Consulates
Cantow. Shanghai. Wingpo..
Amoy . Foochoo foo.
Macao
R
6291-19.8%
6486. 14.074 4786.9.84 5742. 18.5/2 3144.14.1/4
519.4.10
}
329504
198593 2 11.
Total Expenditure . £ 98593
&
1th April to 30th September 1845.
Receipt:
Land Fents.
Warket Ments.
Rents of Buildings Fees on grants of Lenses.
//
"
011
Olle
011.
appointment of Serangs.
Marriages and - Burials..
registering Boats.
Fries, Fees &c : in Magistrates Courts
Licences to Publicans and
Spirit Dealers.
Pawnbrokers..
Auctioneers.
Salt Brokers.
Billard Room..
A.
Expenditure
Salaries.
- 80 81 702- 260.8.4
.. 72.60.1.07
Wages to Subordinate Persons in the Departments of
13981-18-74
Police.
2097.16.0/2
Marie.
367.1843
Land.
20214.2
Other Depart
98.2.6
Rations supplied to Police .
328. Jul
2.92.16.12
Purchase and clearing of Land.
Contingent Expenses of the several Departments 1840.17.10
Formation of a Burial Ground.
52.1.8
Formation of Poads, Bridges &c :
62.18.1174
85.121.7 481.0.74
443u15.0
4411912
8781..15.07
2089.13.6
1614.15.11
82.8.14-22
1800.32
}
32,5.8.10/2
يرو
JJ 41.55 26.06 -226.0.10
3.5.. bNo
Opinen Farming... 1162-3-11
Stour Quarrying
Dutyou, Sales at Auction.
·
Sailing, Letters and Passes granted
by the Superintendent of Trade.
Sale of Stores
Post Office..
Sums recovered..
Aid levied in the Colony
351" 0"10
199.5.972
13.19.2
59112.8,2
590.0.10
159v3.4
1251613
From the China Indemnity Fund..
the l'evice
Tatal Receipt
account as
орна
2557595
Repairs of Hoads damaged by a Storme Erection and Repair of Buildings. Hire of Buildings ofor offices Commission ou Poles at Auction
Transportation of Convicts. -Post Office Expenses..
e
150.0.0
461-44-10/2
Loss by alteration in the rate of the Dollar 919. 2. 1/2
and other foine
ج کے جلی ہے۔
Payments on accouutiof the Departintuly 1876.12.20 Hth. Superintendent of Frade..
Payments su account of the following Consulates
Audit Office ₤380922, 6 March 1846
6th
In addition to the preceding Meturn If the ceipt & Expenditure from the date of the esseen of the Iland of Hong Kong to the
Amoy.
402719.69% 1140.5.62
1655-11.7%
1844.14.972
137
1 3 4 8 28 3
Cantow..
Shanghai.
Neugpo.
ForChoo foo.
2799.10.95
Macão.
550.J
133995
8227130
Total Expenditure. 82
British Government, expenses were incurred
The Jums stated in this ac applied towards the Experlitive, out of the China Indeminty find, will be replaced to that fund from the Grants off Parkament for
of the colure of Hery Kory, and for the consular Acabament ring the previous period of its occupations
Estable "the advances fome the China redemity fund were madidas a merely temporary meas been occanored by drawing Bulls upon buy land for the whole of the Expenditent.
wille w to save sapere hauklo, and delay which would have suspended so far as the same can the
Eng
in China.
with a
The
a Expence,
У
Lt. Aeries F. F. Luthell
Aleuritis
the British Forces, of which an account A
I made and from Accounts in the Audit
office
:
t
In 250W
A.
Abstract of the Receipts and Disbursements of the Government of Hong Hong:
From 12 May 1841 to 30th June 1843.
138
Receiptes :
A
Pines and For fertures in Magistrates Courts 1.063.12.3
Spirit Licences.
Market Pents..
Sale of a Houser.
Penalties for breach of Contract ..
Pent of Quarters occupied by
C
Military Officers ..
56,5.0
5411812
117.11.3
184.10.0
272.18.6
2.23859
Mides
From the Canton Raitoin Fund.... 54.760.15.5 From the East India Company's Paymaster 33.840-0-0 From Bills on Her Majesty's Treasury
Total Receiples.
3.000.00
91.600 15 5
93.83707
Disbursements
Salaries.
5,101,87
Wages and Contingent Expenses
General Department... 3.105.6.8/2. Chief Magistrates Department.. 3.258.19.8% Marine Department.... 1.202...0...8% Land Department
including (ivil Worker 26.144.17.8.
• Military Works .
Aijedit Office 6th March 184.6
Total. Disbursements. nt tinies
H. J. Luthell
38,879, 73 4
49.462.16
(88.374 11/10
Hỏ
Co
Adm
Age
oard
For
Off
+
4736 2/3
vit
- March -
X
35. 30 March 446
C.O
MAR.25
1846
139
Treasury Chambers
24 March. 1846.
Jam commanded by the
Lords Commissioners of Ster Majesti;
wry to transmit herewith,
ku
order that they may be submitted
I Secretary Gladstone, an
зо
op Report from the
with the queries.
missioners of Audit, and the
xxen of Return to which it refers, dad the subject of the Accounts
Colonial Treasurer at
of
Hong Kong,
"My Lords request that Mr Gladstone will cause them to be forwarded to Governor Sir J.
Davis, with directions to let The
answers and replanations, required by the Lueries, and
Stephen Eug
the
LA
Boar
ffie
House
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
OfficeTM
Home
Office
Ordnand
Preasu
the Returns relating to the Land Revenime, be from ished without
delay.
Jam, Soi,
Your Abedient Servant.
4.
*
*
130
Lank
7C
House d Commör Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Hon
Office
Ordn
Treas
a
25 March And Lestelling
shr, of c
спл
be withached accordingly
1.
End
Hr. 404 Hong Kong
کوئی
131
Hi Lohn Davis M.
ہو
д
1846
Forwarded by a
Mundoch 30
MEStephen Lordfyllelion
Eszc Cladstone
20
1-78- 20 June
6571
(1991)
781
6
(I Caldwellte)
S946 (Rent Roll)
my
or Teeny Letter of 248 Purchas
In
DS..
30. March 1846
tenomik bym
ith an behest ga
Report
да
made to the L. C.
my
of the hucony by the Commipuiners & Audit
of
enetroing Lueries, and Terms of Return, on the bewonits of the bucourers at Stoughing frome sit April 1844 to 30 Lue 1845-
"Lane
and Thurts dreit
to
to Cause the
answers.
་
and explanctiones legumed
by the Lueries, and the
Acturnos
ar
House
Commo Admiralty
Agent
**
Board of T
Bo
Foreign
Office
Ord
Pre
Returns relating to
the Land Avenue
to be farmales
delay-
Lands
without.
?
6.45714
4
е
679 Dighong
CEIVED
APR 18 1846
Treassons Canivers
17 Amil 1846.
132
:
3D - 23 April_1846.
гез
With reference to your Letter
of the 2t Instant. I have it in command to cuquecint You, for the information of Mr Surelary Gladstone, that the Lords Commissioners of Uhr Meijestys Precesury have been pleased, in
Concurrenc
with his
nee o
to authorge the lectmission of the Expenditure to be incurred for the Werks at Hong Kong Extimates for
transmittal in the
which
were
Despectate from the Governor of that Colony
1. Stethen bot
dated the 12th January East.
Jam Tir.
your obclient Serot
23
par:
Hous
:
Comp
Admira
Agent
Board of
Foreig Office
The Gr. sh?, of course, be so mishuclid?
18 April Lad Gettiltin
ар
20:
!
614421/4
Sor,
RECEIVED
APR.22
717 Hong Kong- & Falklands Treasury Chambers
28th April. 1846.
133
With reference to the points adverted To in Lord Lyttelton's letter of the 27th Ultimo respecting such of the Annual Estimates for Colonial Services for the year ending 31 March 1847 as differ from those of the Current year, a appear to require further & xplanation, Jam
=
commau de d
by
the Lords
види
oras
Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury
to request that
it you
will observe to
Mr. Secretary Gladstone,
1°E As regards the Estimate for the Establishment and Expenditure.
at
Her hong, that my &
Lords have
not seen reason Babject to the inser is.
for the present year of
the sum
insertion
the
of £4000
116phen Beg
*
House d
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnan
Treasu
Radi
£ 4000 under the head of provisional
Salaries and
to meet
Contingencies, with a brew t' any portion of the augmented Departmental Expenditure, upon which explanation has been required, that it
it may eventually be found necepary to sauction.
And 2ndly, that in the case
case of. the Falkland Islands, My Lords entirely, approve of the proposed provision for Public Works out of such proceeds may be derived from the Public Herds and Property, under the
ат
under the agreement with
Mr Lafone, to which Lord Lyttelton has adverted, or from the other sources of local receipt referred to by Governor Moody. My Lords also apprehend
the
which was
134
the arrangement for the periodical transmision of Supplies from this Country,
notified to the Secretary of State in a communication from this Department of 23d August last, will Government from the heavy charges for Freight, to which the Governor anticipated be should be exposed, and obviate the
relieve the local
necessity _ for either increasing the
Estimate
ou
this Account, or en
entering
wito arrangements for the periodical Engagement of Freight from this country by private Vepels -
Jam, Sie,
Four.
ал
Obedient Servant
Елитвидеть
wez
House d Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Honie
Office
Ordnan
Treasu
3
}
1
22 April
Lnd testtellän
I presume that nothing
amain's to be done
MIG. Apr. 23
My ap 2
24
+
"Na{wY,1- v\+N£སཱུ གདནཾ,
1835-
21
24724 Sting Kong
T
ir.
ECEIVED
(.0.
APR. 23 1846
Chambers
22-April 1846.135
April-146
2
تمها
With reference to your
Letter
of the 6th Instant I have it in
at to anquant You, for
the information of Mr Secretary
ladstone, that in concurren.
in
теже
with his proposition the Lords
missioners of Her Majesty's
Treasury
сече
pleased to cuithorize
the Salary of the Registreer of the Supreme Court, at Hong Kong
6758% _ bring incorused to Jeven hundred
and fifty-Pounds per
Pounds pur Cennum.
Jam
Sir
Jourobe
obedient Snor
House d
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boar
Foreign
Office
Hom Office
Ordna
Treas
Оверност С
23
The for. oh., of course, be mishichid
MAG. AM
ünkheit Lnd Sestaltio
My apr 24
76181/5
12
Pst Hong
Sis,
RECEIVED
C.O.
MAY. 7 1846
136
Treasury Chambers 5th May 1846
3h
C
Jam commanded
ве
the
Lords Commissioners of Her
Lov:
47-12
pages tys Treasury to transmit
Kerewith for
W=
the
Laud
Board
information of
1770
E
& Secretary Gladstone an
CA
Extract of a Report from the Postmaster General, dated the
18th Ultimo, and
вору Copy of the
correspondence between M. Stead and the Postmaster at Hong Kong,
relative to an alteration made in
the departure of the Contract Packet conveying
conveying the mails from and I am to request
the t
Hongkong.
1. Stephen. Esg
んん
Mi
Offic
House d Common Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
oreign
Office
Ho
Offi
(Orchi
Prea
that directions Me
a to Sir I.
may be given
Davis in accordance
contained therein.
to the request
Damn, Sir,
Gour
Obedient Servant
Law Cardark
137
Book
17270
E
Mi
Offic
House Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnan
Treasu
من 7
MrG. May
that the for. must be mit huched
And Estellan
rachching.
8am by
:
End
22--2-y
&m
Fr 059 Very Mong
Di Marthains Bert!
138
47.
Les
12. May 1945.
J
1346 LAY.
Pravarded by sax.
R
Mundock 11. Stephen 11
〃
Lord Lyttelton //
SEC Gladstone 12
Magist
the Copyspa
Letter promette
Lunching to the Hand of Suiting Kuning excting andshart
qa Meport from the Post- Mister General & Copert a Correspondence hihmeen the Axeminelly Agent at Braganza
and the Post
Mister at St. King Whelans
tan allenation medeath
Jun Consume
ce in the
depertine of the Contact
Jackets Comming the this
کی
from
House a Commo Admiralty Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnance
Treasury
Noughing & Point de fall. beit appears that mul
inconven recesived Ithis altention
не
Thenet durch that you
will abstion proang interference гутово
the time fixed the
the departme
дл
ytte
Packets Conveying
the Mich, except on
occasions othe putest
hergering,
ри
Responsible
Jo
in cuckhere
of came Lald
Her propriety of
こ
y
infy
2854 18 kang
169
Exhast of Report ofport Master General to the Londs Commissioners of ton's Treasury dated, the 18th April 1846.
Shave the honor to hausmiet. to your Sondships, copy of a letter dated the
andel
ft sistaut, with its enclosures received from the Admiralty, relative to au alteration
made in the departure of the Contract Packet conveying the mails pon Hong Kong, beg to state, that Sentirely agree with the Lords of the Aduccialty, that this alteration. was injudicious; and I would suggest therfore that orders should be despatched to the Governor of Hong Long not to uiterfere in any manner as regards the time pied by the Admiralty (with whom alone the arrangements rest, for the departure of the packets Except on occasions of the greatest energency, in which cases, he
should be given to underst and he will be held responsible for any directions he may issue,"
Land:
Ar
زندان
Post office Victoria
23o January Hob
The Merchants of fauton having
Referesent
House o
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign Office
Hon
Ordi
Trea
17
represented that the sailing of the mail Steamer at daylight on the t of the mouth, causes them serious inconvencence and that it evolves the risk of their Correspondence not reaching in sufficient
Hong tive to be forwarded in the Hong Kon mail made up on the last de of the
day month ; His Excellency the G
the Governor has been pleased to ducet that in future the Steamer shale take her departure at 2 pm, unstead of at daylight on the 1th of each month, provided that it does rest in any way infringe the terms of the Contract with the Jeninsular and Cucutal Company.
Steg to farmish you with a Copy of this Excellency's Commands to me
the subject.
ou
/ Signed / Thomas Nyland
St J. 8. Head Ka.
Ademralty Agent-
Braganza"
Copy
زندان
Boshmaster
:
Colonial Office Victoria
Hong Kong 20. Jau til.
Irreply to your letter of the 19th Instant, Enclosing a proposal from the merchants at Cauton, that the Overland
Thomas Hyland loope
Joshuarter
Copy
mail in future may.
170
may be despatched in the afternoon of the day appointed prits departure, nistead of at daylight as
beretofore; Jau directed by H.8. the
that as far Governor to inform you,
a
it can be done without uiterfering with the terms of the contract, 1.6. entirely
C.
approves of the suggested alteration.
Jer
Signed, Fred? to a Bence
Colmal Sear
C.S. C. Braganza Hong Kong
30. January 1846.
Sbeg to forward you Avo letters
19
received from the Postmaster General at Hong Kong, and to state for your information that the time of departure pou heull as been heretofore at daylight on the of the Month; and as the mail is for the. future to be despatched at 2 pm. that day, there will be a positive loss of light
hours from hence to England.
The Calcutta packet has in every instance been ready for Sea. before on arrival at point de Galle.
On the receipt of the enclosed letters, I waited on his Excellency the four = in Chief, who said he could not interfere,
there
Capt. Ellice Superintendent of packets.
Southampton
House d Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Boar
Foreign
Office
Home
ice
Ordnan
Freasu
i
there being no specified time mentioned in the Contract, or in my wishuctions.
The Admiral desired me ser,
to state, that in his opinion the packet - should leave at daylight on
the first
- The Calcutta packet being always detained
for the Chiriamail.
می برکات
(Signed) F. J. Head
Aduxeralty Agent
جون
A. & Braganza
ریم
J
802855
رید
Gov. 49-14 May
C.0.
MAY. 9 1846
Sir,
Kong
171 Chambers
097 không hỏng
Treasury Cha 8 may
Wiete
184-6.
er letter
reference to your
the 23d Ultimo respecting the reduction of the Salary of the Colonial Surgeon
Jam
a at
r of
at Hong Kong,
the Lord
commanded by Commissiouers of Her Majestify Treasury to acquaint you for the information of Mr. Secretary Glads que, that, as persons
to the Police at Hous
I belong ing Kous
who en
may require Medical Treatment cannot be received into the
My
the Military Hospital.
Lords are
to the rate.
are not prepared to djat
of Salary which it is
proposed in Governor Sir J. Davis
I. Stephen Esg=
Di's patch
!
んん
ん。
Fed
i
House d Commo
Admiralty Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnanc
Treasur
Dispatch of 5th February to assign to
Dr Dill for attendance
ou
the
Police Force and the other Medical
Duties to be performed for the Girl
Government:
Jam, Soi,
Your
Your
obedient Servant.
Ел титовидн
:
I hary
And Lestelling
The Gw.
sh
I suppose,
be mishichid accordingly,
Mer
8814 155-
970 Amy King
Sir.
RECEIVED
0.0.
MAY. 19 1846
18th
Treasury Chambers. Mayn 1846-
172
;
22 May 1846
50
My
22
reply to your letter of the 2nd
Instant recom
те
mending that the Chief Justice at Hory Rouch should be exonerated from the Expence of the repairs of his residence, Sam commanded by the Lords Commissioner of Her Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of M. Secretary Gladstone, that, as
it would appear that the stipulated rent for the House occupied by The Chief Justice
at &
Hang Kany will amount to about 14 plcent-
the whole cast to the Government
прои
of
The purchase, alteration and
repairs, My Lords do not object to
J. Stephen Seg
ん
んん
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Hon
Offic
Ordn
Trea
!
the proposed payment from the Colonial Funds of the rxpence, to the amount of £80_, stated to have been
incurred under the head of repairs.
Jann, Soi,
Your obedient Servant.
Cal Mulyan
19.
Long
19
and destellin
When Jr. sh., of course, be so mithunched?
пирим
990319/45. Sumisiate.
C.
Si
1
:
Gov.) 57. 23 Me
173
gia trong trong
Treasury Chambers,
20th May 1846.
of the
RECEIVED
MAY 21 1846
you
Jam commanded by the Lower Commissioners of Her Majesty's Jeasury to transmit to perewith for the information of W. Scentury Gladstone Coper
following documen to relating to a frand which has been committed upon Her Majesty's Government in reference to the sixth instalment of the Chinese Indemnity by the substitution of a box contain ing Lead for a box containing
шу
Selven, von?
Letter from the Master of the Mini't dated 4th May 1846 -
Copies of Minutes of this Board
of the 5th and 8th Keny thereon
James Stephen Expre
4
ん
House o Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home Office
Letter from Wes " Ass? Come " Und
ع
Routh to W. Archer dated Dublin
Jr May -
Letter from the Admiralty
Ordnan
Treasu
dated 11th May
and its mclosure
да
from Capte. Mwillà dated V. May
Copy of a muinte.
of this Bound of the 12th May Therion -
Letter from the Master of the Munt dated the 184. May with the following me losures, von ? Letter from Capth Revell; dated
рот 11. May-
Letter from Wes?" Ass? Commen" You Routh dated the 13th May
and
My Lords request that you will move W. Gladstone, to transmit Copies of them even - ments by the mixt Mail to the Governor of Hasing Kong,
with instructions to vinstitute
*
ス
}
A
174
searching investigation into the circumstances of the
frand, with a
our to the
detection and purushiment
of the Offenders
and the
ricovery of the value of the Syce Silver which has been abstracted
The substituted box and its contents and two of the other boxes will be sent to
Hong Kong by the next mail Steam Bucket consegured to the Officer in Charge of the Com -missariat who will be_
directed to give sir John Beas all the assistance in his power in the progress of the investigat
Jams Sir,
Your obedient Sowant
Chuchan
House a
Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnance
Treasur
Cory 10
21
and Astellin
The Ger. sh. of course, be wishuclid
гг
May
23
....
1.
?
:
9
Copy
No.5%.
20 May 146.
1
Sir
175
Darning Theat
باشه
May
1846.
" hansmit to you, herewith, für zour
information the lipy of a letter from the e: to the Dt of Teasing enclining Copier Several. Documents relating to a fraud. which We Gost in reference
has been committed
in
to the 6 Inolatinent of the Chinese Indemnity by the substitution of a Box- containing Lead for a Box containing Sihan.
l
I have to duit that you will mich bite.
searching investigation into the arces
the Fraved with
功
a
new to the detection
punishment of the offenders, and the
recovery of the calice of the Sycee Siber
which has been abstractist, and that
you will
report to me the result,
sesligation.
. J. J. Dainis M.
O..
result of such
(girl) Mr. Gladstan
House d
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Hom Office
Ordna
Treas
Copy
In 670 St. Kong Mint Office
Sor
An opening
one
1+. May 181,6
176
of the Boyes containing
the Sycee Lilver brought to this Country by
#MS "Serpent" and deposited at the Mint
02
discover
vered
Thuraday Evening, it has been dis. to be filled entirely with lumps of Lead, insteal of Silver. The Officers of the Mint are incline to think from the appearance of the Boy. that the pand has been committed in China previously to the shipment; but
the Treasure, was
to an
ук
changed pom
nother, and "considerable delay
in the
one
مه
Ship
ensued
voyage, it is impossible to form any correct opinion, as to the time or the persons who one parties to the robbery.
may
Under these circumstances the Master of the Mint has directed that the matter be immediately communicated for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, in order that such be given for further enquiries
instinctions
по
• may
may be judged expedient.
C. E. Trevelyan Eaque
k
or
Greasy
LA
Boa
7270
House
Comm
Admiral
Agent
Board of T
B
Foreign
Office
H
Off
Ord
Pro
I enclose
Extract poin the Invoice,
showing the number of the Box, and Statement of the Gross Weight of the Lycee Silver it should
contain, and the weight of the Lead found
therein; being
ar
excess of $3 280. 15 dists
280. 15 dots Troy- FB280.
the estimated value of the Lycee Lilies which should have been deposited in the Box is
about $1000.
hav
Boves
nearly one fourth of the number of Bo-
but no other deficiency
now been
opened,
has been found. It is however possible that the pand may have been effected upon some other of the Boxes containing the Treasure
It is submitted that it might be desirable that the Lieutenant-
о доти
the
Officer belonging to the "Serpent", should
inspect the Box at the Mint. _
I have be
10
( Siz . / Sa. M. Morrison
As
at
Statement
177
cement of the Number and' particulars of the Box found
being opened to contain Lead instead of Syeee Lilver
Box h.130. Grop Weight
Mint Office
4
asfeer Invoice I
Gross Weight
32
by Mint Leala
Excess - the
Average Net Weight of
the Lycee Lilver in
the-Aroundup?
7
271
297
each Box- by Mint Leale)
Net Weight of the 16 pieces
26
03: Troy
3380
of Pig Lead found in the 3660.15
Box
May 1846.
Exuso
मु
17 - 280.15 dis
La
Boar
House Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office(r)
Ordnanc
Treasur
Copy of Treasury Minute dated
5th May 1846.-
of the
to the
8726 - Transmit a Copy of this litter and accompanying Statement to the Secretary Admiralty and request that he will move the Lords Commissionus to dinct the Commanding. Officer of the Serpent to furnish all the information in his power on the subject to which they relate
after
he has inspected the box at the Mint _ _
Copy of Treasury
Minute dated
8th May 1846. -
Write to the Master of the Mint that
Capt. Revile late Commander oft ms Serpent" And Dep? Ass! Com : Gen. Routh now serving in Ireland, who assisted in the receipt & examination of the Treasure, have been directed to attend at the Minit for the purpose of giving all the information
nation in their power calculated to elucidate the manner in which this prand has been perpetrated-
Also transmit the following documento relating to the receipt & disposal of the othe Instalment of the China Indemnity -
Original letter from Freign Office dated 30 October 184,5 with various enclosures from
Lis
Six S. Davis and Invoice and kill of Lading.
178
2. Their Lordships Minute thereon
dated 4 hovember 1845.
z
3 . . Letter pour Dep Com : Gen? Miller dated 25 July 1865-enclosing an account of Expenses incurred at Canton in recovering and the shipping the 6th Instalment_
4. Mr. Miller's letter dated 28th January
1846.
the
5. Copy of letter from Defs? App! Com : Gen! Routh to M. Archer dated Dublin 7 May 1846 describing manner in which the Treasme was received by the Offices of the Commissariat, examined and transferred to the Naval Offians appointed to receive it. _ Their Lordships desire that the Master of the Mint will pom the
es of information above indicated and from any be available to him, strictly
others that
enay
sources
investigate the circumstances connected with this prand so far as they
ascertained in this
this Country
can
be
and report
the result in detail to this Board in order
that
La
Board
2270
R
House
Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnance
Treasury
that Instructions
be sent to the Governor
may be
of Hong Kong by the next mail to complete the investigation on the spot and if possible to recover the value of the Sycee Silver abstracted and to bring the Perpetrator of the prand to
Justice. -
7
2
..
✡
Copy
My sear Sir,
Dublin Castle
I may
179
7 May 1846
Iam quite surprised at
22
hearing of the deficiency appeasing at the Mink in the July Instalment of the Chinese ind
indemnity, anx Ingut it is not im my power to explain how
it has arisen.
Money
Sam persuaded that the was transfured by this Department all correct, to the Navy. It was,
1 perfectly
impossible for any portion of the money
to have been changed, or abstracted while
it was in our cute
and Mr. Bagan
Wr
: of
Custody - Mr Goldsmith
were present the whole
Ichchen by If the time - at the holes where the
Fica
ard
WAX
House o Commo Admiralty
Agent
oard of Trad
Boar
Foreign
Office
Hone
Office
Ordnan
Treasu
money
was weighed and throffed
in their presence and afterwards put.
into bags and tied up before them; this
done, Mr. Goldsmith
" Goldsmith and Mr. Pagan both superintruded the transfer of the
to me, and I saw every bag money immediately put into the boxes, nailed Morosi and clamped = I was assisted in this duty by the Clerk of the "Castor,
Mr. Andrews, and as the boxes were closed, we placed. Sentries over them who also looked over the Chinese with us whilth
into the boke
frigate,
they placed the money and closed them before us. It was thus
perseelly out of
the question and impral -
Cokerson - treable that with to. many
and precautions, any of the boxes would
--
have been opened after once
180:
being
closed, nor could my exchange of
the
bags have been made in their hautfer to me, accompanied as
by
they evere "Goldsmith and Mr Fagan the whole way and so carefully looked after by
them prior to this, at their weighing,
Shroffing
and
When
tying up in the bagsit
boxes had been thus
гд
a suspicient member got together, Mr Andrews and myselfe had
them colighed in that state, and we both took notis of the weights which in
comparing afterwards we found totally. The boxes were then placed in the open
Court attached to the
over them, and one
Boug
with a
Mutty
Storkeepers,
LA
Board
Ee
House Comm Admiral
Agent
Board of T
Bo
Foreign
Office
Ho
Offic
Ordn
Mr. Barnes, whose duty it was to check
the numbers of the boxes as they lame
out of the Seale and to assist the Sentry
in broking after thein Thus wery
precaution that could possibly be taken
was resorted to by us ; the place
where the mohly
was
left after
the
weighing of the boxes was besides no.
our where
more than 15 @ 20 yaras poui-
Mr. Andrews and I stood, and laun
convinced no perton could have
muddled with the mon
money
in the
whilst
Hong so immediately
eyes
wittorril our dis
under
discovering it
us ener
Mither of us
left the
Moniz
*J
مر
Hong
181
till the money had been basely
handed over to the Naval Officer who
came with an escort to take
Ships. Mr. all
properly
and as
-assisted in seeing
stowed. an
it to the
the loker
ay in the boat,
away
far as my recothction serves invariably took a receipt from
mu invan
the Naval Officer for the number of
boxes taken oher by tim daily - I presume that the responsibility of this Department could not be brid to extend after the shipment of the monty into the boats, when the
responsibility .
would seem to appection
to the Navy. The fact of the bags
weighing 20tks more than the Invoiced
weight
House Comm Admiral
:
Agent
Board of T
B
Foreig Office
would natur.
weight would
naturally
indicate
that the abstraction took place after
the weighing, and it can be proved
Ithink
very clearly that their was wither
time nor opportunity for
opportunity for the exchange
to be made between the weighing and shipment. That it may have taken
place afterwards, Jame not prepared
usually
to state, for the money was user. put into a chop book towed by the Mary boats,
hoats, but invasiably accompanied by a thong escort in the former. This boat was convoyed at the responsibity
7
the Navy daily to Whampoa, a
distance of seven.
miles, and it will
L
3
جبكم
4.4
182
be for them to show that such
pusantions were taken by them as
the importance of the service demanded
C
Proight and that this money
-
was afterwards transhipped three times from the "Castor" / "# to the "Viken" 2nd to
the "This " . 5th to the Terpent" making fou shipments altogether besides the boot shipment at Canton - Thus the survey was in the custody of the Navy from July to January (the rate of the last Shipame a period of marly nine months, tom
4, conting the time occupied by the homeward trip of the Spent whilst each portion of the Sycee which was saily shipped by
this Department at Canton nevn
umsined in our charge longer than
be
Six
ฟ
Hou
Com
Admin
Agen
Board of
ore' Offic
Six homsat at time.
Affair
It is indeed an awkward
but I am satisfied on investigation
it will be found that we
precaution in our posol -
(St) L. Routh
tooker
couy
Shane written this in a sax hurry presuming
would be autions to get my
that you answer as soon as possible. They therefore excuse this serawol and also forgine j in my hurry I have not made
as
intelligible as I wished
she
mushelf
1
Copy/
O
Lis
on
183
Admiralty - 11 May 184,6.
4
With reference to your Letter of the to the Instant, & its enclosure, relating to one of the Boves Containing the Lycee Silver brought to this Country
board the Serpent having been discovered to contain Lead instead of Silver I am commanded by My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to send you herewith for the information of the Lords Commissioner of Her Majesty's Treasury a Copy of a Letter from Capt. W. Nevill dated
the subject and to that this Officer has been
the 5th Instant on
acquaint you
directed to come to London relative thereto
and is now at Morley's Hotel, Trafalgar Square.
C. E. Trevelyan reque
Treasury
I am be.
/ Sig. AllsHamilton
Η δυ Com
Admir
Agent
Board of
Torei
Offic
Copy
Winsloop Serpent
Portsmouth 6 May 1846
Sir,
I have the honor to acknowledge the
4th Inst: conveyers receipt of your letter of the tithe Inst:
Conveying enclosures from the Treasury, likewise from
that on opening
Her Majesty's Mint stating
one
- of the Boves of Syeee Liber brought by WM.
Hoop Serpent under my
the said box was
lunips of
Lead
hand
comma
that
found to be filled with
instead of Silver
I have the honor to inform you Sir- that I was on deck at the time I received
the Treasure from 4M Ship Iris at Singapore and the whole of the Boxes came on board in a perfect state . I was likewise on deck when
transhipped from this sloop, to be
they
were
landed at Weeval, and perfect state as
they.
were
in the same
when received, which M. Byron's
(of the Treasury / Certificate to me
amply shows.
Ibey to asure their Lordships that not any one
of the Treasury Boxes could under any
circumstances have been opened while under
184
my change.
The Seals, and other marks upon it
doubtless will clearly show that the
contents of the Box are the shipped at Canton. _
The Secretary
of the Admiralty
London
I have be
Rame
avo
1 Ligned / Mrr Nevill
Copy of a Treasury
dated 12th May 1846. -
9431 - Transmit a
and
Minute
when
Copy of this Letter:
of ito enclosure to the Master of the Mint for his information, with reference to the Letter from this Board dated
th Instant. -
9th
my
LIF
Hou
Com
Admir
-
Agent
Board of
Forei
Offic
Coping
Sir,
Mint Office
In Jeuronance of the
16 May 1846
corr
wands of
letter to the Master
the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty Treasury signified in your of the Mint on the 9 Inst, acquainting him that Capt - Revill, late Commander of Ams "Serpent," and Dep? Ass! Com: Gen? Routh had been desired to attend at the Mint for. the purpose of giving all the information in their power relating to the prand which had been committed in the Sycee Lilver brought to the Mint on the 30 <. & also transsmitting Certain Papers, in original, in respect to the receipt and disposal of the 6th Instalment of the Chinese Indemnity and desiring
the pom these sources of information, circumstances commited with the prand far as they can be ascertained here may be strictly investigated, and the result, in detail, reported to their Lordships Board, in order that instructions
be sent to the may Governor of Hong Hong to complete the examination on the spot.
that
Ro
185
I have the honor by direction of tir Grage Clerk to submit for their Lordship ro information, the following observations which have recured to the Officers of the Mint in the consideration of the subject. -
Among the papers which have been transmitted to the Master of the Mint is a letter from Dep? Ass : Com: Gen? Routh, who assisted in the receipt of the Treasure at Canton to the Arches dated Dublin 7 May describing in detail the
the Treasure
re was
manner in which weighed, shroffed, and
were nailed down
put into the Boves, which and clamped in the presence of himself and other Officers of the Commissariat aficted by the Clerk of the "Castor " Frigate, and he is of opinion that it was then perfectly impracticable that with so lookers on and precautions, any
of the Boxes could be opened, or the Treasure execharger
one
many
es letter from Captain Revill, the Cornmandu of the "Serpent " has also been received,
and dated
addressed to the Admiralty, Portsmouth the the Instant, wherein, after
stating
four:
که
House Comm
Admiral
Agent
Board of T
Bo
Foreign Office
Ho
Offi
Ordn
Trea
stating that the Boxes were all shipped in his presence
from the "Iris " on board the
"Serpent" at Singapore, in a perfect state, and that they
were all landed at Weeval
in the same perfect state as when received,
which Mr. Byron's ( of the heasury / Certificate to him amply shows - We assures their
Lordships that not any
Roves could under any
one
of the Treas
Treasury
circumstances.
been opened while under his charge. _
Between the period of the delivery of the Boves at Canton by M. Routh and the shipment of them at Singapore by Capt. Revill, there is
no
history than the statement in
other history
M. Routh's letter that the Money,
delivery
the
was
the
put into a Chop Boat, towed by
havy Boato, and that it was afterwards translipped shree times; from the "Castor " pat, to the "Vixen" 2" to the "Iris" "3" to the "Serpent" making four shipments altogether, besides the boat shipment at Canton. The Boat was conveyed at the responsibility of the Navy Whampoa,
a distance of seven miles. That
have taken place in this
to
the Robbery, may hapage, M. Routh is not prepared to state,
صه
tha
136
the money put into the Chop Boate in invariably accompanied by a strong excort.
It seemed under these representations to be desirable to ascertain the identity of the
found; and
Boy in which the Lead
was
accordingly Captain Nevill and Mr. Routh, a divcted by their Lordships, have attendid at the Mint, when they
were
requested in addition to
dition to any
particularly other information
they might be able to furnish, to declare, whether, in their opinion, the Box diffleed
any
in any
respect from the others, or as to the possibility of an exchange of Roves having been effected in some part of the passage between's Canton & Singapore.
made by
всем
A Report thereon hav consequently been. by Mr. Routh, in which he that the Roy marked h:130 admits of
such doubt or su
suggesto
The dimensions
suspicion. The
of it do not conrespond with the dimens of the other Roves. The two last figures of the number "130" have apparently been put in
after the now hoops had been attac
to the
Mannes
in the other
cached, contray
Cases,
where the
lastle
LARG
Boar
hürch
E
MiA Offic
House Comm Admirali
Agent
Board of
·Bo
Foreign
Office
Ho
om
Ordi
Tre
: last figure is sometimes partly hid by the crow; the ink of the " 30" is of a different shade
and
of blackness.
that the Rope
Captain Nevill also says forming the handles of the suspected Rox is
and the knots. are tied in a different manner. Moreover the Lead is not of the description of the Big
board Her Majesty's
not of the samma teative of garn,
lead which is received on
Ships of War ; and the pieces of Birch word weed in the stowage of the Box, are declared
by M. Routh to be such as are
a frequently applied for fuel at Canton It is further suggested the letters marked or stamped in, upon
that sevnal
of the Cut pieces of Lead, forming when placed 2 Ingots
be the mear
together a distinct name, may of discovering the manufacturers
C.W. Ful 1 Ingot M or vendors stuttleg
B. 7.
1. Prein m
that metal, which is considered to be American Lead. For their Lordships further to tell information these points I and to transmit
on
the enclosed Copice of letters from Capt. Revill and Mr. Routh, marked A and B.
that.
After the fullest consideration & enquiries
Car
the Master
be made in this Country, of the Mint submits to their Lordships that
the
187
the Box h. 130 should be repacked with the Lead and the other substances it contained
and in
inclosed in an Outer case with two of the other Roves to afford the
Meanw
of a
comparison, to be consigned at the earliest
order
wo
in
be supplied, and the investigation completed
that the evidence now.
Opportunity to the Governor of Hong Kong,
wanting may
Bo
hara
E
MP
Offic
on
the
spot : value of the Lycee Silver abstracted, and to bring the perpetrator of the frand to justice.
so as to recover, if possible, the
I have be
(Sij . 1 Ja. M. Morrison
The Papers transmitted in original
are herewith returned. _
درصد این بازی به شکوری
Hous Comp
Admira
Agent
Board of
Foreig
Office
t
ར་
Siv
you
A
Copy.
188
Tuntry's hold hafalgue quare 117 May 1846
I have the hour t'inform
that in compliance with you
directions Ihave been to the Mint and
inspected the treasure bee which contained Lead in lies of Sylee Silver, and am
decidedly of an opinion that the box
but Lead hive contained anything
for
and was prepaud and substituted. the bok which actually did contain the Silver. I should say the box had never been opened after the first time of nailing down until to done at the Minh; judging from the appearance Sir George black Bar =
Ex
NEW
b
X
&
House d Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnanc
Treasu
the nail holes in the lower part.
The box is diferently
made
from the others which have their sides
and ends evidently sason pome the same plank, whereas the box containing Lead has its ends vity considerably thicker
than its sides and therefore not cut pom the same plank, the wood of the box is
in
puch together
in x.
rougher
State, the
all
rope beckets or handles differ pome the others, being of another quality and
much stouter, and the knots of them on
differently formed the inside of the case an from those on the cases containing
Klver.
the.
an
There au Chinese characters
on the upper inside edge of the
good
boxes, which I consine to be the makeit
name,
substituting the person substitutit
the
189 box of
Lead could not of course see this, and
therefore that box is deficient of these character
I should
mar
вам
hed the good
Say
the painter who. boxes, also marked the
box one, from the peculiar tail of the 1 in OR, and also from the form of the figure
of
зи 3 it having two sort
line of that figure
upper
horus in the
that figure similar to that in the other 8's _ the Pigs of Lead
3's-
are
covered with fine River Mud, as though
they had been in the bottom of a
One Dig
boat.
is marked Hockley & t·BE, two Dare Dr, Fullar; one Dr_D: L. Lee. and there are three pieces of Rig Lead
without marks. From the Mint Hearn
: that they have taken an opinion on the Lead and it is declared to be American.
:
name
LA
Board
E
Mi
Offi
House d Commor Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
ffice
Ordnance
Treasur
I have not the leath doubt
but that this pand has been committes.
by Chinese alone, but when and where it is impossible for me to say, being unacquainted with the manner of its first shipment.
.:
I have He,
[ P4 / H. Neville Captain
Lake W. Mr. Strop Serpent ".
Copy
Sir
B
130
London 13 May 1846.
I have the honor to report to you
that
in conformity to your instructions, I did Imyself the honor of waiting this forenoon. the Rt Hon : Sir G.
"Clerk by whom I was
one
referred to Mr Morrison at the Royal Mint whither I proceeded accordingly to inspect the Rox marked 2:130 lately landed ex AMS " Serpent from China, forming 500 boves of Lycee Lilver received in July last at Canton as the Lirth instalment of Chinese Indemnity)
and which
opened at the Mint was
Lead instead of Lycee.
On a careful
of
the
being
found to contain
careful examination of the
Boy in question it appears that it differs from the other boxes in the following
particulars.
The box is in many respects of smaller dimensions, the breadth in the inside being 3/4 of an inch narrower, whilst the length is upwards of an inch shorter, and although the outward bulk of the box
apparently, the same as
is
C.C. Trevelyan lagt.
compared with
some
Boar
hurch
E
Offic
ве
House d Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boar
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnan
Treasu
some of the Boves this has been effected by
the ends of thicker plank. making Notwithstanding this there still exists a manifest difference in the outward length and breadth of the Bow which
car
only be
ве
ascertained by actual measurement, and which I did by placing the lids of several ou the top of the counterfeit Bor.
The dovetails also are smaller and better fit in, in the other boxes. It is also are marked with
remarkable that they
Chinese Characters on the edges of the Boves
themselves
ao
well as on the lids, whereas
entirely wanting
those characters are entirely
box under comment.
the
on
It appears to me also that the number on the boy was inserted after it was closed, for the nought at the end of the 130, on the removal of the clamps, is in an e
unfinished
state, which leads me to believe that the
Counterfeit box
was
ready prepared to ship into the place of the true one at some opportune time after the Boves had been placed in the Chop Boat, but that the thief being
of the h . of the box he might thes uncertain of
kaw
191
exchange had left the two last figures of the number blank thus FR 2: 1 _ and filled them up afterwards. I am further inclined to adhere to this supposition from the fact that the two last figures (370) are written in darker ink than the first which would
a
abh th aby Routh plains that the
asure tras
that they
lead to the surmise that
were
more
and
recent insertion than the first . The other boxes were all numbered beforehand
instances the clamps convaled many ener
their
in
the numbers which however
on
removal were dister My legible.
The cords at the extreme endo also are
stouter
inter and differently manufactured rope.
of stouter
seyed prom Canton
The Box itself does not appear to me
to have been made
it being of a
more
by the
same Carpenter
slovenly constinction.
hampoo by daily. The box besides is evidently
to in a Chop boat,
ed by, a Boat
an
old
orre
bearing all the appearance of previous ping to me, the number of nail holes on the edges of
stor"; and that
he
the Chop bost
the Boy, not corresponding with those in sisting
as well the lid. The Boves in which the Squee The recollects, of
nes, at quand received on that occasion pom the Chinese
commanded
Semple
ad by
of the Cache Government was
fure was also a mate on a
idshipman
new under his Command.
sparked
were all new
&
House d Commo Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tra
Boar
Foreign
Office
Hon
ce
Ordna
Treas
and had never been used before for any purpose whatever.
The box in question is therefore in
dubious a description that
estimation of so dur
I am convinced
that it
never formed portion of those shipped by this Department, but I am not prepared to state how and where the substitution took place, unless it was
on the transit to the frigate at effected Whampoa and which is not altogether
as I recollect hearing that the boat was several hours reaching
impossible,
asion
occasion
on one
: the ship having got aground, and if any of
the boves were then disturbed it is not improbable the substitution
was
made
then, whilst it remains to be proved whether
the this detention was not premeditated by Chinese boatmen with this object, or whether
it was the result of accident, on the
which points of course it is out
of my
on
the contrary,
kower to pronounce
an
pinion.
Letter
L
I beg respectfully to refer to my to. M. Archer dated Dublin the 7th Instant in which I trust I have entered into sufficient details to prove that every posible precaution
J
192
was taken by this Department that could that it was perfectly
be resorted to, and that it a
impracticable that the robbery could have
been
effected during the short time in which it was in chaye of the Commissariat. The Lead found in this Box bears the name of two Mercantile houses C.M. Fuller (?? I Stackley &C. B. F. I think that important disclosures might be brought to light if this
lead was returned to China with orders to
Miller to cause
to be mada
Dbl.
to the
enquiry
in Cheira
names of the Mercantile Establishmento and othus who are dealers in lead. It might be thus traced where this lead was sold, by whom it was cold, and also the parties who became the purchasers. This course it is hoped might lead to the discovery of the defrander.
I think it desirable that the bore itself together with the wood which covered the lead to fill the box, was also returned to China, and one or two of the other boxes with a view to their local examination
there
مجمدة
House
Comm
Admiral
Agent
Board of T
Bo
Foreign
Office
Ho
Offic
Ordn
Trea
there. The wood above referred to is such as neually sold by the Chinese as fireword, and this circumstance, I think tends to prove that the robbers were hatives of China.
It would not be difficult I imagine to find, thro' the Commissariat Compradore Achen at Hong Kong the boatmen in a hose chop boat the treasure was conveyed to the "Castor Frigate,
arifid investigation instituted
on
and
4
the part of the Maidarins might clucidate important facts.
In conclusion I trust I may be pardoned for suggesting to you for their Lordships consideration the additional advantage.
and
security which would accrue to the
of future consignments of Treasure by WM Ships, the Captains
Public if in cases
instructed to pass the boves through the
1
Seales, as they
of ascertaining
come on
board, with a view
that the gross weight of each
correspond with that stated in the Invoice-
I am sensible that this
anangement would
be attended with much delay and trouble,
but
193
but their Lordships will admit that if this course had been purened in the present instance the excess of weight in : the counterfeit bou could not have passed unnoticed, & an immediate investigation
ban and examination of the contents of the Boy would have naturally ensued, which
would most probably have led to the discovery of the thief
and the
the recovery
of the original box, by which the present loss would have been obviated. -
I have be
(Lij. 1 L. Routh Daly
Boa
E
Mi
Offi
Hous Com
Admira
Agent
Board f
Foreig Office
Ord
***
$
897219/5 903 Hougting
のた凸
59 - 20 May
B
Sor,
of
by
•CEB
2.0
MAL22 1846
194
Treasury Chambers
21 May . 1846.
With reference to your letter
the 5th Instant, I am commanded the Lords Commissioners of Iter Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you,
for the
W.
information of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, that, under the circumstance stated by Governor Sir d. Davis, My.
Lords have not seen reason to
disapprove of the arrangements reported in his dispatch of 24 De Hebmary last, hore of a house for
regarding the
tha
his our residence
and the appropriation of his late
residence for the use
Court.
. Stephen Esq.
for
of the Supreme
Jam, Soi,
они
Your obedient Servous
Calenda
Turc
E
Mi
Offi
m.
h.he.
1627
House Comm
Admiral
Agent
Board of I
B
Foreign
Office
Ho
Off
Ordu
Trea
22
ung and bestellones The Gr. che, of c
23
Why my
23
8960 19/5-
2281
さ
из
100% tingkung
Treasury
Sir.
ECEIVED
MAY 23 1846
Witte
195
Chambers.
25. Mach. 1846.
reference to your
to your letter the 6th Instant, Iam commanded
of
by
the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to request that you
will acquaint Mr Secretary Eladstone that My Lords have had under
Consideration the documents therein
forwarded to them, relating
to the
organization of the Police Force
and that, adverting to
at
the apparently well-forded sérjections,
on the one hand, to a disturation
the rates of pay - between oldand
rewly rulisted members of that Force,
increas
and on the other, to an incr
I. Stephen Log.
ん
he.de.de
of the
Established
House Commo
Admiralt
Agent
oard of T
Bo
Foreign
Office
Hon
Offic
Ordna
5.
Established rates of pay in substitution
for
the vested right
right to retiring
to retiring Pension,
My
Trea
Lords concur in M. Gladstones
that, in accordance with
tion that, in
Suggestion
!
the recommendation of Sir S. Davis, the original arrangement, detailed
<%
in the report of the Superintendent submitted in the Governor's Despatch of 21st May 1845 (W. 64),
یای /2
whereby
The European Serjcants and
in the service 10 years
Constables "being in
re
out in the service" will.
and worn out o
become entitled to a
retiring pension
of half their Pay, should be permitted
to remain maltered.
Asney
ards the proposed.
deposit in the "Oriental Bank" of
the
.196
the Finds derived from Superannuation. deductions and Feines, you will observe to Mt Gladstone that, if investment at Interest of the Funds
be
in question were requisite, it should made in Government, or some other Equivalent Securities, and not with
such Establis luments as the "Oriental
"
"Bank" ; but as My Lords apprehend
the Pensions could not be made
dependent upon the produce of any
such investiment, but must be
defrayed, veres pectives of that produce, from the General Revenue of the Settlement, it does not appear to - them that, in the present state
separate of the Revenue, disposition of the Police Fries
, any
and
:
And Lesttellän
The Gr. oh", of course,
Ег
May
23
27 May
Hous Comi
Admira
Agent
Board of
B
Foreign Office
Ord
Tro
and deductions, in lien of paying them into the Colonial Treasuryp
would
be rither advantageous or advisable
10487205
C.O. MAY 29 1846
1863 Hongkong 137
Treasury Chambers
28th
May 1846.
Sir,
Jani, Son, Your obedient Servant.
With reference to your
letter
of the
by
the 21th Instant, dam the Lords Commissiouers of Her, Majestify Treasury to acquaint you,
a commanded
my
25
:
for the
information.
of Mr. Secretary Gladstone, the at my Lords concur in hussufgestion that the Agent Several for Hong Kong should be authorized to pay
the amount
of the Bills for Stationery, ordered by Sir Henry Pottinger for the use of the Government of that Colony,
which were submuilted to the
Secretary of State in the Letter from the Colonial Secretary at Hong Kong
I. Stephen Seq-
de du
to
House o Common
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Tr
Bo
Foreign
Office
Hon
Offic
Ordna
Prea
to Mr. Hope of 2125 Teeby last.
Saur to return the Bills
ам
which accompanied your
dend Lexwelland
The Agut oh ?, of course, be so möhriched?
Lory
30
letter.
Jam, Sir,
7
obedient Servant.
Jour
Eelmuely an
汇
901 = # 1125 Houg Horny Chambers 198
میر
شبك
RECEIVED
0.0.
JUNE. 10 1846
every
9th June 1846.
In reply to sowi
Letter dactedl
the 28th Allione I have it in
Ultime
commanel to auguaint You, for
the informection of Mr Secretary
جال
ladstone, that in
with his Recommendtection the
Quels Commissioners of Her Majesty,
have signified to the
Commissioners of Auchits their Authority for the Achmission of such Expenditure
as
may be incwored by the Government of
Hong Kong in conformity with the Estimates submitted in Governor
Sir J. Davis Despuelch of the 15th
March last. Jam Sir,
Stephen h
your
Er Tandan
obectient.
29
من اللادخار النادي طن من
E
Mi
Off
House
Commo Admiralty Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Hom
Offic
Ordna
Treas
a
The Gar. st., of course, be so instücht
16 Juny
Lund Lestellow
my
میں عربی
3
-)
Sin
er
RECEIVED
Rece
1328 HongKong
esery
Chambers
JULY 8 7th July 1846. 199
1846
Snots
ماگ
со
leek anded by the
Cards Commissioners of The Mujeely, Secusury to transmit to You, for
to
You:
10
2.-14
4 Jaly 146.
bec/46.
information of the Colonial. Ceretory of State, the enclosed:
Fies of a Communication from the el. 2.6 Letter Cortonaster Generael, doitedt the 29 = Inne /46- (114633
Ultimo, and its Eisclosures, relative
to an Ircher given by the Governo of Hong Kong to deliver the Mearseilles Portion of the English Meits befor
those forwarded via Southampton.
Stephens 27:
Jam Sir,
Your
declient Servant
ler Tourlyan
,
To House d
Common Admiralty
Agent
ward of Tr
Boa
Foreign
Office
Hom Office
Ordna
Treasu
S. I. Davis
Jer. 1328 #kong
1846
I wanted by JULY
2. Moordown 10
U. Sternen
M. Wawes
Parkurey
.60
13
7 July 1846-
Lin
2.
200
14 July 146 Stranamit kon herewith the Copy of a
Cafez o falettin
foun
addressed to the Dep. ( direction of the Lords/ sun. of the Freasing entoring a representation from the Post Master General relative wane order вал
giono Jou to the Post-Master in Hong
Shary
to deliver the
Marciller Portion of thin
English Mails beforethou fouvended via Southausen You with observe from
The
Correspondence ammered Wo the Post Mailer Geutó
McGla
leten, that Me Gladstone had declared his mability
Logive any
orders in thei
matter, without
knowing
from jouself the grounds
Board
House d Commo
Admiralty
Agent
ard of Trad
Board
oreigu Office
Ordnanc
asur
Я
of four panedings. ful equally presteeded
fromgiving you ang purine mistuctions_but
Schould wish weeeeive
ал
explanation of the
Насибо
on
wheek you
isued the Restuctions of
twhich the P. Mh. Geu! complains.
showing
the advantages
which in
заи
in your opinion.
comsterbalanced the sie denton
other.
і
increase of labour and the
Conveniences of youn
arrangement, and
Sneed
that
seared impeep on you any interference with the couting of a Dept like
Jadept The Port
Office Exxceptranden
asperial Stemporary Energening without previous
incoultation with the Rost
201
Marter Gent. conseams
са
fail to produce irregularits
Funconvenience
rung
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Common Admiralty
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Board of Trad
F
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Foreign
Office
Home
Office
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9 July
الله
hot Hawes.
See ht. 1146, with this note
n
it, and tie draft founded
that hole. I reon would understand what good
Post Office, or any
olli (BDepartint. of tie Gortant,
Car
and the
anticipati
thene Officis at this antipodes in
vend de Miren Arnsflared och the Conduct of a for. there, directing or sucourage
without
aschniging
are
heim an offerlinity of answering thie Ger that inch complaints
about to
من زلة
effect of that practise is to provohe ill-humours in the place
to inflict
needless
self-importance
matter in debat
has had an
the for's self-esteem, or to bring hither a one-sided
to protract this contornsy oppertunity of answing
the
ount of t
Will the for
thie complaint.
sitially u minder all the contronding valbriten of die Heret
here Even yet
it needs to be
July 9. Ip
impotent than it usually
than
чтуу
Copy
RECEIVED
"ULY 8
346
In 1328 Akong
To the Right Honorable the Sonds Commissioners of #M's Treasury.
My Sonds
202
I have the honor to bring under the consideration of your Sonaships, Copy of a correspondence, which I have had with the Secretary of State for the Colonies, relative to an order issued by the Governor of thing Long to the postmaster of that Colony, desering him to deliver the Marseilles portion of the mails from
England before that portion which is Grnwarte by way of South am feton, which circunstance the Poshuaster reported to me incidentally in a letter dated the 27th March last festing
of which I also enclose).
With reference to Mr. Stephend letter, I beg to point out to your Lordships that I am not disposed to give any orders, such as he suggests, as it seems to me.
it was
that
only the auty of the Postmaster of Hong Hong to report what I consider avery unnecessary interference on the part of the Governor, with the munte details of the that, if I have Post Office, Service, and
reason to complain of the Postmaster
any
at
Boar
$706
MRA
Offic
janat
House Commo
Admiralty Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Honie
Ree
Ordnance
Treasury
at all, it is for having neglected to report the circumstance directly, mistead of incidentally .
Steg to add, that as the
bulk of the Official Correspondence is forwarded in the mail via Southampton, in onder to save the expense of the hauses postage through France, I am yet ignorant whether this order of the Governor has not occasioned the delay of the greater part of the public letters.
It will also be obvious to
Your Lordships, that great labor is by
this
ало
as tivo
rangement thrown upon the Officers of the Bost Office at Hong Kong), sorteigs
of one.
have to be gone through instead
(Signed) Shermans
General post office
29th June tab.
Copy
General Post Office
7th June 1846.
Fio
Long
The Postmaster of Hong Kon having reported to this Department, in
A
letter dated the 27th March, that by a recent order of the Governor, the correspondance from England reaching Hong Kong in the James Hefluer Expre
d
Marseilles
}
ཨ་ན་
203
Marseilles portion of the mail is delivered before the portion despatched via Southampton
and
considering, such a procceding highly objectionable, as it tenders necessary two Sortings of the same mail, the postnader. General
has felt it his duty to issue instructions to the Postmaster to discontinue this practice; and I am directed by this Lor aship to transmit to you for the
information of twr. Secretary Gladstone Copy of my letter to Mr. Hy laid upon this subject.
Copy
Jii
(Signed) WL Maberly
General Post Office
4. June 1846
With reference to your report. of 27th March last, in which you state "that" by a recent order of the Governor the correspondence prom England teaching Hong Kong in the Marseilles portion of the mail, is delivered before that despatched dia Southampton; I'am directed to acquaint you,
that his Lordship considers, such a proceeding moolving as it does, toa sorkings of the same Mail, highly objectionate
Myland Expre
Ame Long
|...
and
27°C
Mi
House Common Admiralty Agent
Foard of Tra
Boa
Foreign
Office
Hom
Office
Ordnai
Treasi
and his Lordship therefore, desires
desires you
will at once discontine this practice, and you will explain for his Lordship's unformation, why you did not report this arcimistance
immed
mediately upon the receipt of the order from the Governor, ustead of introducing to important a matter incidentally in a report upon a separate subject.
Copy
(Sigued, #2Maberly
Drowing Sheet
16. June 1840.
Shave laid before Mh. Secty. Glaxstone your letter of the 9t instant, Enclosing a copy of the Instructions addressed by the Postmaster General to the Postmaster at Hong Kong, to discontuine the practice, which had been adopted in consequence of an order of the Governor, of delivering the correspondence from England reaching Houg, Rong in the Marsailles portion of the smail before that despatched via Southampton .
Mr. Gladstone directs me to request that you would acquaint the Post Master General, that he has no information on the subject pone Sir John Solol ML Maberly
Davis,
de
}
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that he presumes, that if the Goverdid male any such order, it was on some ground, which appeared to hunself weighty and sufficient ; and that the order may perhaps bereitunter and insisted upon notwithstanding the contrary
dan directions of the Portmaster General; &am to add, that in the absence of any Report pon the Governor, it is impossible for Mr. Gladstone to forme any decided opinion as
ught to be taken,
ht to be taken; and that this and all similar in convencences would be obviated if the Officer of the Postmarten Gencial would appried the Governon of his
often as such
to what course
intention, as often as
intention Exists,
and
to address any representation to the fortmatte General against any of the legvernors des and would acquaint the Governor with the purport of such representation, because in that case the Governor's defence the complaint would reach this Country simultaneously; the prequent neglect
of this rule in many different Colonies is a source of inconvenience and delay Public Service, which it rests not with the Secretary of State, but with the Postmaster General to oborate.
( Signes, Jar Stephen
to the
House d
Common Admiralty
Agent
Toard of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Ordnanc
Treasur
13375
13.519 24/7.
Sir
RECEIVED
JULY.30 1846
1938 Hong Kong 205
Treasury Chambers
25 July 1846.
With reference to your
letter
of the 30th ultimo, transmitting copy
Sir John Davis Sir John
35. 19 April 46 of a dispatches from
11220)
How : 9-D. Aery : 1946.
with the Financial Returns of the Colony of Hong Kong for the year
March 1846. I am
ending
31
commanded
by
the Lads Commissioners
of the Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you. for the information of rat prey,
that due allowance has
already
been
made for the probable produce from
local revenue at
Hong Kong in
the preparation of the parliamentary
1. Stepher Ey
Estimate
Land
Board
Mil
Offic
House d Commor Admiralty
Agent
ard of Trad
Board
Foreign Office
Ordnance
Treasur
1540KongKong
206
Dreasury Chambers
RECEIVES
the
14.66624
JULY.30 1846
29. Wely.
1846.
for the service of that Colony for
and My Loras only
4, with
present year;
deem it necessary to suggest, reference of the
*
of the contents of this
opportunity
Dispatch, that an early offactivity
should be taken for effecting
reduction in the
the
"Vide
Survey Department "This hot horn
Али
note on Draft
30
June
J. Dairs. The 50 f
adverted to by Govenor Son J. Davis
Ian Sin
am
your dedient Servant
ветствия
Mestower
A dispatch
31.
to this effect to be written with Gode of Shlong ? Twith sopus.
July Scher to the God. ofteng Ang in confirmaty with the Lelear from the
.h my
Habout to Lo Grey, culey
the ate
Expand peascale
this foling
then for tothe
Evry herchical Monac
Compleniny.
Minale justly
Out of the adunctions of
Hangking
сал велам
find fund fr
another Fellt
best fuct
ather world.
BH
,
Goo
10
9 Aug:
1846.
Sir,
Wille
reference to your
or letter
of the 24th April last, I am commanded by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to request that you
will state to Earl Grey
Mat My Lords have not
7 found.
that the accounts received from Hong Kong wither by the Commisioners of Audit or by the Bootmaster feueral afford any information as to 183 Rupees claimed The Balance of.
by
Postmaster
Mr Spring, formerly in that Colony; but My Lords, relying on
I. Stephen. Esg.
The statement in Sir
Jolen
AA
House a Commo
Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Honic
Thce
Ordnance
Treasury
I. Darris' Despatch of 16th February No 17.
that Mr Springs Accounts had
been duly Examined and,
1 found correct, and that Sir I. Davis Considered it would be just to direct the refund applied for, are prepared to concur in the authority to that effect, as
ested in your letter.
Me Hower
Aderpated when effect she becnition. Wie God of
двуит
مع
boy 16
Вва
Jams, Sir,
obedient Servant
Your of
سو
(702)
207
House d Commo Admiralty Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign Office
ace
Ordnance
Treasury
і
1
15903
154.25.
208
You musting 1600 Hongkong
RECEIVED
AUG. 14
1846
13TEL
bem.
t106
7
With oference to your
letter of the 29th Ultims, Pano
Cor
anded by the
Lords
Camminpreisen of the Majesty',
aquaint yow forther
а
сдела
Treasury to information of barl Grey, that the Paymaster fare mat has be
al
authoined to ifure to M Peter Swith of the Colonial in
Hannes Rof.
7.
the
Wire
I
7270
Mi
House Common Admiralty
Agent
Board of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Home
Office
Ordnance
Treasury
the
f Shilling
༢--ནས་
teen fou
се
de
سند
arpayment of evansh lodged in the Commifariat Chest at
May last, for
Harry Rang faces on certaines Colonial appointments.
*
*
Jours obedient Sewant
ell Mund you
£19.1.
vide amnese
them
га
Sir
209
Strand, London,
19. August 1846
that we have received on
"We have the pleasures to inform/
your.
Accounts for Fees Stamp
Warrant app. Shelley Auditor lyn. Hong Kong £11.5.6
you
Fees on
appt of Hulme, Judge Vidmiralty Court
Peter Smith Esy!
We ar
Sir
at b
7.15.10 19.1.
4
6.10
Stamp
Your most obedients. Servants,
Couettes C
House d
Commor Admiralty Agent
Board of Tra
Boa
Foreign
!......
Office
Hom
Tace
Ordna
Ј
Treas
1604
1001 không lông
RECEIVEL
16.45528
AUG 25 1846
Sir,
-24 Aug:
1046.
رو
Gov
With
210
Treasury Chambers
24th August. 1846.
reference to Mr Hawes letter of the 5th Instant, Jann
by the Lords
commanded
for
Commipioneers of Her Majestyp Treasury to acquaint you, for the sinformation of Earl Grey, that ty Lords have caused their sanction the admission of the Expenditure, consequent upon the separation of the Offices of Judges blerk, and blerk of the Supreme Court in Hong Kong, to be signified to the
Commissioners of Auxit.
Jane,
Stephen lag
Sir
Your obedient Servant.
Almundan
Lan
Board
บาน
E
MIA
Lo
་
House Commo
Admiral
ard of T
Foreign Office
The
MrHawes
Re Gover
25
Васко перший Popple 20 any.
но
ら
!
9.025-
4
و
1765 Hong Ko
Gov.
22-14 Sept. 1046
Treusions Chambers
RECEIVED
SEP. 8
1846
7 Planter 1846.
с
With reference to ac
Letter
from Mr Nauves dated this 26th.
Alleine I have it in command
cuqurcient You, for the information
Cavel Grey, that the Lords
miss.
Rissioners of Her Majesty's
Prusury
have not
Lecer
to dissent from his uncletips recommendation that the Expenditiones for constructing Police Station at Hong Kong, acurating to the Estimate submitted in Governor Jer? Davis' Despatch of the 13th June.
last (N=9 ) ) ), should be sanctioned.
Cashew log
Jam Lei
your
let mundan
House d
Commor Admiralty
Acent
rd of Trad
oreign Office
Ordnance
sury
Whe in stude
The God
прито
ني
له
18.0264/9
Goo = 21--12 September 1846
1706 Kong
RECEIVED
Sir,
SEP. 8 1846
Sie
212
Treasury Chambers.
7 Septem
reply
ber. 1846.
to Mr Hawes letter
Раш
of the 26th Ultimo, Iam commanded by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majestip Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Parl
that my
Grey,
Lords have not
seen reason to object to the
proposed sauction for the purchase
In additional Boat
of an
& for
Olie
Harbour Master's Department
Rong
at Hong Rous reported in the
Houf Despatch from Governor Sir J. Davis N. 75. of 17th June forwarded
Botha's Board in M. Hawes
letter.
J. Stephen bey
ん
4.
ん
Zv
Sam, Sir,
а
our obedient Servant
Gour
lib munden
House o Common Admiralty
Agent
rd of Trad
Board
Foreign
Office
Ordnand
easur
M Hlower
Wobe.
The Gorr
Lep 8. B
ني
p.104-2/
213
1820 Hongkong 1 September 1846.
Trensiory Charmed
26-28 Septr 1846
Ser
19.
With reference to ce
Etter
from Mr. Haver daliets the 26th
Alltions I have it in
воб
auquaint You, für.
information of
the
cincts
Earl Grey, that
the Lucs Commissionons of Ur
seen
Majesty's Treasury have not sun
Eeees.
on to object to the Exlimates of Expenditure of the Government of Hong Kong for the Year ending the 31th March 1847, submitted in Governor Soi J. Davis Despatch of the 20th June, with the understanding however that all Excess of Expenditures for the
Public
House o Commor
Admiralty
Agent
yard of Trad
oard
Foreign
Office
Ordnance
sur
тепе
Hundreds
Public Elablishments beyond the Perlicementery Provision of Thirly six Thousand. Pounds twelve Chillings for the Service of the Colony,
will be defreuped from Local Resources, aund that the Governor will hes cautioned that his Draefts on the Commissariat Chestion Account of the Peorlicementery hots core not to exceed the above-
Amount.
і
You will also observe to Eavel Grey that it has abreadly been determined that the Expencliture for Colonial Buildings and Works at Hong Kong is to be provided for from the Local Revenue and Receipts; but that- as it would appear from the
talements submillect in Sir J.
Davis'
1
Dewis Despatch of the 13th Chiril last
Surplus of about
214
(N:35) that ce Thirleen Thousand four Hundred. Jonnels, winch might have been appliceuvre. to Public Works in
unces/propriated
the Year. 1845-6, had remained. tenasprotricited, My Luds do not apsouhend that there is any objection to such Surplus being considered as perts of the Ways and Mecens of the Governments for meeting the Expenditure for Works abrindly lavere's or contemplated during the present. Yeur.
in
suggest
You will further to Lord Grey that Governor Sir J.
Davis would seem to have
misunderstood the intention
the Secretary of States Isbuuctions
as reports the poriod at whichs the Commusel Eelincels for the Service of the Colonicel Government.
should
есе
στι
the 1 of
Tho Craft.
Mouse d Commor Admiralty Agent
bard of Tray
Boar
Foreign Office
Ordnan
should, be brought under the Consideration of the Local Council, and forwarded for the Consideration
of Her Majestess Governement; and Seat if the Colonieel Financial
Year is to conu
reasu
Ahris, the Extinceles should be submitted to the Courriel before the expirection of the previous Months of September, and not as
in the instance of those now questions in the subsequent Mouth of June.." (iz
се
18.105. 15/11
15tch.
་
Ev. Hawes
presume that this she be made the basis
con Instinction to the Gert.?
منى
Sew-
Your obeclient See
Lebrundian
(1649)
You - 27-29 Sept: _4846
Shir
letter
1842 HongKong Treasury Chambers.
18th September. 184 6.
215
With reference to Mr Hawess
- of the 26th Ultions,
2 6 the Ultions, respecting
the construction of Tanks
and other
Works in the town of Victoriae, Houf
Rong,
Даш
am commanded by the
он
buy
Lor do Commiss covers of Her Majes tip Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Grey,
that, subject to the observations in the letter from this Department of 14 Instant respecting the means defraying Expenditure for Colonial Works at Hong Kong, My Lords пухватно have not seen's reason to dipent
from the opinion signified by his Lordship that inte exccution of the Warks specified in the Estimate and
the report subunit in Governor Sir J. Davis Despatch. No 70 of 10th June last
Should be sanctioned.
Stephen Say
Sam, Sir, Your obedient Servant
GJ Pennington
With
Ord
be
shuched?
40 Sep. Mr. Hawes
The Gr.ch"; of
course
!
"House" Comme
Admiral
Agent
ard of T
oreign Office
A
18.623 15/9
No ?
Sir,
RE
SEP 19
дара
1844 HongKong
Treasury
Chambers.
18 September. 1846.
216
to Mr Haveś
reference to Mr
With reference
the 2 nd Instant respecting
letter of the
the arrangements proposed for suppression of Piracy
the
which has become
prevalent in the neighbourhood of Hong Kong, dam commanded by The Lords Commisioners of ever Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Grey, that, on adverting to all the circum Stances detailed in the correspondence therem submitted to this Board,
My Lords are not prepared to withhold
the sanction recommended
ی
by
Earl Grey for the proceedings reported 66-28 ! 1645/46 in Sir J. Davis' Despatch of 5th Jane
last, provided the notification of
that
J. Stephen Seg.
House Commo
Admiral:
Agent
ard of T
Bo
Foreign
Office
Ordn
That sauction to Sir J. Davis is
accompanied
by
the further
direction and cantion against
additional Expenditure
mentioned in Mr. Hawe's letter.
Iam, Sin,
ar obedient Servant.
Your
GJ Pennington
?
-- ---E =
217
C
dese. Id. Hawes
The Zw.ch', of
course
23
be so mishuchid?
House
Common Admirali
Agent
ird of frad
Board
oreign
Office
ce
Ordnance
Freasury
5289-15
APP
File to you:
34.8 Oct.
VD
#2 19
1845 Hongkong
Chambers
Treasury
18th September 1846.
218
Witts reference to Mr Hauves
Jam
Letter of the 28th Uttions I com
con
cended by the Lords Commissioners of Ther Majestys
Treasury
to augudent You, for
Earl Grey,
the information
of
that My Levels concur in the proposed Cuttiority to Governor
to co
Sir J. Davis to
ence the
cration of the Church at Hong Kong
according to the Estimate submitted in his Despalets of
to-ug? 1427 the 22th May lasts, on receiving
sactiofectory Assurance that one third of the Expence will be
provided
15000
House Comm
Admiral
Agent
ard of T
providest by privates Subscription,
and to defray the remaining
two
thirds from the Colonial Treunory.
oreign
Office
Ordi
The Gir. sh? of course, he is withichd
19. teh. Mr. Hawes
Сег
Jer,
your obeclient Servi
GJ
Pennington
:
157
0.228
9
RECEIVα SEP-19. 1846
Trensevry
me to for. 29.
1 October 1846
1047 Hongkong 219
hambers
108 Peptember 1846.
Jenn
сог
leet by the
Leds Commissioners of Her Meijeti ; Treasury to trees mit & You the inclosed Extrent from
of
ication of the Commisér
Customs, dacted the 11th Inte
together with Copy of the Supplement (. N° 18' to the List of British Copyright Books, and I can to request that you will lay the same before. Earl Goren and move his Lielship to couver
ссии
the Communication them in
suggested to be male to the
Governor
Their Loog
Hous Comn
Admira
gent
ard of
Foreig
Office
Ord
Governor of Hong Kong in the
proposed
in
your
Letter
End
23
to this Department of the 28. July
last.
X
Jam
* Пассовыми
Tas 1847 H. Kny
29-
220
Newhamn his When Davis Wr
ढ
your obrelients Tent
:
18461
marded by pas
Mudik 28
29
بلا
?
bet 1941.
11046
With reference 25mm.
w's Deck: of 2 dubtart h
nit
fuit, for pur
22
GJ
Pennington
All tint is to be done is to con
those pasion. to the Jud. of drugshage
W cv Vz
/32
lofpof
accomm
>
pidance,
a
вору
of
Books,
this Draft arm of the Supplement timis it for Lofrey's Syrition (hoses) to the List close in std apprette days Bribert Copyright Brothe
й Сах
shḍ
In Two letter 1847
18 Sept 1846
which has been found
Ette Connismen & F. Mi lustimes.
Hou
Com
Admin
Agen
oard of
Fore
Offic
i
In 1847 Hongkong
221
Extract of Letter from & Scovell Esque dated Custom House 11. September 1840.
I have it in command, with reference to your letter of the titteltinio,
directing that any information it may " appear necessary to furnish to Governors of Colonies should be submitted to the Londs of the Treasury, to haummit herewith
5 topics of the Supplement to the List of British Copyright Works M. 18. published last month; and I am to signify the request of the Board, that then Lordship's will be pleased to give the necessary directions in order that the same may be forwarded to this Excellency the Governor of Hong Kong
as requested.
70
in
་་།
79,228
1
18.2011
SEP 21
446
1993 trong Kong
Treasury Chambers.
10. September. 1846.
222
เ
Eshack
Gov.
28-30 Sept/46
Si
Jam
Ла
a oled
by the
Lords Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Parl
that My Lords have not
Grey,
seen reason to diff out from the authority which his Lordslich proposes to convey to Governor Sir
J. Davis for the formation the road referred to in the
of the
No 73 sf 152. despatch of 15 to June last, forward.
ref.
ed in Air & aweśletter
27th Ultimo.
I. Stephen by
Jam, Sir,
of the
Your obedient Servant
GJ Pennington
!
en
Hous Comm
Admira
Agent
ard of
Foreig Office
The God. sh", of course, be to mistinctio
21 Sef. Dr. Stawes
216
BH
1964 19.8032% 19. Many More
Agent mir! 15 Jet 746
Gooi
36-18 och 46.
RECEIVED
Vir,
SEP 29 1846
In
Treasury
и
223
Chambers.
28th September. 1946.
reply to your letter of the
18th Instant,
Iam
commanded
by the Lords Commisioners of Ster. Majesty's Treasury to acquaint
you, for the information of Parl Grey, that their Lordships concer
in his Lordships recommendation that the proposed Expenditure,
for clothing for the service of The Police Department in Hong Kong, should be authorized
ваш
Sir,
our chedient Servant.
Your
1. Stephen Pay.
2.
GJ Vonnington
H
Co
Adu
Age
jard
دار شاخ
ΟΥ
Off
!
21 bef. Dr. Hawes
The Agent sh., of course,
be mithunched
zy
18.254
9/10.
Sir
RECEIVED
OCT. 3
1846
1215 Hon
Treasury
phong hàng
Chambers
18th October 1846.
With refere
224
eference to the Secutory
of Statis letter of the 28th August last upon the subject of Superannuation Allowances of bint Servants at Hong Kong. I am commanded. by the Lads Countensionses of the Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you for the information of lack grey,
асди
that it appears to My lord's but pist
to those of
the
just
offers of bint Service at Thing Thong who have signified 1. Jakten logee
their
2270
" 3%=exq3
Hous Comn
Admira
Agent
hard of
Foreig
Office
Ord
:
their desire to avail themselves.
the benefits afforded by the
hr. visions
that
they
of the Act 445 M. 4. C24,
should be allowed the
advantage of their choice.
My
Lords therefore propose that they
r
thould be allowed to make the
contributions from their Salaries
prescribed by the Fret, in order
that on their retirement
Service under any
the
from of the circumstacces
contemplated in it's provisions, this Board may be enabled to consider
their clans for Retiring Allowances.
In order to entitle them to
225
this advantage, it will be necessary
that the deductions should date
from the period of their pist Entering the service, and thence - -forward be contoured quarterly,
the receipts of the parties
of the parties in each
Case
pecifying
the deductions made.
There are two individuals who
have signified their assent to the proposition submitted to them bes the Governor, upon whose cases their Landships thuit it necessary to make Recial observation
کن
First. The Attorney General
Say, Londs are not aware whether
or not this officer is allowed to in private
engage
tractive. If he be, it
would
1
Hou Com
Admin
Agen
ard of
orc
Offic
¦
!
would not be consistent with the
Rules, under which Superannoration
226
retirement from the Post Office at
Hong Kong may
here after come
Allowances are
granted; to consider
before
this Board.
him admissible as a Claimant
for that brivilege Secondly.
ن
Mr. G. A. Trotter
who has liquified his assent "assuming
відні
that the line be kived in the
London Post Office will be allowed him "
This officer
should be informed that,
under the circumstances
아
his
appointment, such period of
his
service in the Post Office as would
him a claim to a retired
have given allowance, if
he had remained in
this Country, with undoubtedl's he
considered when his clanie to
etirement
In conclusion, I am to request
that
you
will point out to Earl
Grey that although, under the peculiar
arcumstances of
If the Colony of
Hong Kong, Say Lads care
the first instance,
ť
give
were
willing, in
to the Civil officers krving
there
the option of availing themselves, on not, of the terms of Retiring Ausions as Laid down in the bet referred
ed t
it is obviously inextedient to contine a divided practise on the subject;
and that
you
will state to his
dadskip the opinion of this Board
that
70
Hou
Com
Admin
Agent
rd of
Forei
Offic
that it will be desirable to under
it miperative
may
on all parties who
be hereafter admitted to the
I ain't service that they should
contribute
from
their Salaries to the
Superannuation Fund in the
proportions prescribed by the Act,
or
in order that when, from age informity, they become unfit for
Guilter service, their canis for
227
Retiring
Pensions may may
be considered.
Jam Si
your dedunt Servant
Calfund you
Hot
Com
Admi
Agen
Board of
Ford
Offi
44 81
Mr. Bawer
to Uher Ger.
be made the basis of a dupalih
лов
41
من
16359 3
10
ی
در
1210 không đông
RECEFFER
C.D.
OCT. 14 1846
Treasury Chamber
13 October 1846-
228
With
reference to
to your
letter,
dated 5th August last, and its Enclosures,
Ja
am conuuanded by the Lords
4 by
the Lords Commissioner
of ther Majesty's Preasury to acquainte,
you,
for the information of Earl Greys, that My/ Lords have considered the Dispatch of The Governor of Hong Kong, respecting the
Clain
of Mr. Spring for Campervations for
hii Services
acting Postmaster
ай сел
occasions for. Hong Kong
that in a
are
quite
My Lords Colony) to recently
Hong Kong, cremesitance
in which the usual rules
on two
avvare)
Established
arive,
may
ceveral rules as to the
reaueneration of public. Servents must
receives modification
270
you.
and in that posit
of
rigenie Hawer Exp. Mr. P..
&
де
Je
House o Common Admiralis
Agent
Mrd of Trad
Foreign Office
Ordnand
asu
229
of view are ready to Mr. Spring-
to Sauctions & gratuity/
they cameots, however, admit that
there, is any
clain on his part for
retrospective payment
on account of Services
temporary.
which ice their Nature were
and for which he has received the enviral
reucneration
amount of remuner.
curation. Neither does
it appear that
any sufficient ground
is laid for imposing, upon the Government
which accrued to her from
and therefore sanction a br
a bratuity of
£ 200. Two Hundred Vounds to that Grutlemens. 送200.
I have the honor to be
Seri
Your obedient Servant-
نوس
the
lof
Outfit in the
way of
Furniture, at all
Events to the account recommendeds
commended by
The Governor-
Nevertheliffs, My Lords, from
and character
a consideration of the good
and
of Mr. Spring,
palous Services of
unwilling to adhere
امت free
rigidly
of the public Service
لعب
to the escal
on this occasion,
auds.
16877.
hure
E
Mi Off
A
House o
Commo
Admiralis
Agent
bard of Ti
Boa
Foreign
Office
21.167
13
10
be so
город му
inf
вс
ཥ----
!
!
happy to You: 37.
87-25
Seri
1846
1259
204 không dùng
Treasury Chamber
I am comme
15th October 1846
230
སྙ
by
The Lords
Commission of Her Majesty's Treasury
to trawiwit herewith a
Copy of
a letter
from the Vostmaster General, dated 10th Euxtant, and of its Enclosured, requesting
authority for the Totemaster at Stong kong
to obtacie
legal
advice in the Colony whee
userspary, and I am to request
Earl Grey
Love
to cause thes
you
will
instructions to be communicated to the
Attorney Grural at Hong Kong to aid: the Vostmaster by affording him legal advice
His Lordship.
woteer.
422
versary, unles
any
objection to the course suggested
by The Postmaster General
Janne Stephen Reg.
(
I have the honor to be
Seri
obedient Servant.
evrundam
fe
Hous Comp
Admira
ent
ird of
oreig
Office
231
Agent
Admiralty Commor
House o
ard of Tra
Office
Foreign
Boa
Ordna
reas
ע
those of the local Attorney find, we the questions. I w. add that, under such arcumstances, the God. mus? of course consider hinisits at liberty to portfore complying with his ampliance with this dushuchon watil his receipt of further dinchins if there she seem to hire any objections who had not presented itself
Jury to the serohosed lower se of prounding.
& hard
wo. then sand to thin
dus înctions so adiussur adiesser to the Ger.
Oct. 17. Jugen
видел
ird.
Anasing a copy of the
I think it unndursable to repert to the God any object in on the pround of the instruct being zven in thout a shrevious report from the ! it inst therefore only of Mr Stephen't proposed communicat
Virny
beade
S.
Izhmartie
often
he desires.
to obtains the openine of
My przy
Law
Attering Goud of this labe
Oublie fervice, his profer course is arising
Lu
that hauch of
hind the Zur) to obtain the
apimine,
which
Gul to give
this God will always
2 A
mishit the
branch
ण
Ger's admin, the Postmartin of they thong
вул за други
propria to Hit Attorn
to be a proper question. Aschner to hand (thie Jord) not
stop here
without the benefor the and injudicions such a question.
+
anavoida
His dushneth
five add that
Mymy
दृ
under the woher of the Postmaitii Zeneral
Englund, and
having their deprived
Curry
Sen Gede of Une offerrtunity. of reporting, at thi
Jame line,
on views
his
४
16B6. Zd. Haver
237
Govern Sie I. Dairs.
23
25 72.
87
24
25
15 octiter 1046.
Sir,
232
970 POST
I hausmit to you
the copy of
heciat
to the Port Master of Hono of peenishing legal advice 17 the Treasury on the subject
Secretary to the Lords forms :
reclosures pom the Afistant
a Letter with it's
Kong
to uiform and I have to
wistent. aistract you
кури
год
that as Mon
Post Master of that Colorey
по
be chall
Whorley Genral on
Alsire the opinion of the
ally
the Post Office Dept
question of Law arising in
his
proper course will be to
to you
Main
apply to Mace such spicicon,
H
Co
Add
Ag
Bard
aundingly
which you will always
you
direct the Attincey General to furnish as a brauch of
permish
his public duty unlep it
should appear to you to be proper question
1
propuse to that Officer.
Ser.
I heees.
noh
to
6.Narfub C.E Frecely auf.
I have laid your
Letter, of the 15 mistant with it's suclosures before Earl Grey, and I am directed My his dishich to tausmit to you, for the reformation ytte Lewd. (mour. yfter Freamry, the copy of a empatch which
*
233
be has accused to th..
Governor of Hong Kong instructing
hich as hien
to
the course which should be adopted for supplying legal advice to the But Mader of the Clary
Port
Я клие
House Commo Admiralt
عنده ساره
Agent
ard of T
Bi
Foreign Office
Ordn
Tre
!
і
*.
Copy
00.
18-702
Th 1259 Kay Kory
234
To the Night Honorable the Lords Commisscorices of Her Majesty's Treasury.
My Lord
In submitting to your Sortships the accompanying Copy of a letter from the postmaster of Hong Pong, I beg to state that I conceive the application made in it, to be a reasonable one ; and I request therefore, that you
will be pleased to sauction his obtaining legal advice in the Colony, in those cases of Emergency
which will
not admit of the delay that must take place before reference could be made to
this Departures,
(Signed) (lanricarde
General Post Office
"
10. Act 1800
5),
H
Co
Adn
Ag
card
Of
Copy
Seri
have
Post Office, Victoria .
oh July
1846)
They to report that cases
arsen in reference to post Office matters, in which I have had occasion
to seek legal advice.
The Monos able
the Attorney General has hitherto
aided me in this respect; but in a
recent interview, that
ал
gave sue to understand, that he did not consider humise lf, called upon to interfere in Post Office matters.
hing at the live that
Looking
must necessarily elapse, before I could report home, and obtain instructions
lesson any
case involving a Legal question, Shumbly submit that it is very desirable the Office should have the benefit of Legal
of emergencys and I therefore pust the matter may
advice on the spot in cases
Lt Col maberley
Se
be
¡
}
be viewed as claiming the early.
of the foot master general.
235
attention
Signed, Thomas Hyland?
2704
VA Offi
C
F
House
Comm Admiral
Agent
Erd of
Foreign
Office
!
21804.
21,167
!
:
!
42-6 Maqui
Ino y
:y
1303.
Hong
20/10 lại 100 Đảng đông.
1846
Samsung Chambers Јасанну
28th October 1846.
236
I ave
commanded.
anded by
the
Lords
and
Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to transmit herewith further Queries Observations of the Commissioners of
the Account of the Colonial
Hong Kong forer 12th to 30th June 1845, aut
Audit Incasuner at
April 1844.
I am to request that
you
more Earl Grey to cause
will
the same
to be forwarded to the Colonial Excasuver
at
Kong
dụng động
Save
Your Obedient Comment Abhandan
C
Stephen by
&c.
F
******
House
Comm
Admiral
Agent
ard of I
Foreign
Office
Ordn
4
1424
Fo the Gourm
communicated to the
Outing Bit
BB
Treas: 1803 Hong Kong
+
237
M42.
Daris.
16. Niels
MBB?
17646
Forwamely Nov
R
ہو
M. Stephen &
MR Hawes 6
Earl Grey &
8. Fundary better
:28bet ~46
I have the hover to transmit the accompanying
to gon
Queries and Abnuations
of the Commissions of
Audit in this Coun
Country
си
шу
the Ruounch of the Corial
hof
Seasurer at Hong Hong
from the 12
April 1844 to
30 Juve 1045- and there to
To
Чериков
spush you will frownd
Y.A
70
Hous Comm
Admir
Agent
Board of
Foreig Office
Ord
this document to the
headwred in order that
mish the
be say furnish
Answers and explanations
acquired by the Commupes :
Shov
!
22.134
Copy to Gor: 45-19 ha746.
7/11
RECEIVED
NOV. 11 1846
1427. Boughong
Preasury
Chambers
10th November 1846.
238
Sin
Lords
I am commanded
to gor
by
the
the
Luas Commissioners of Her Majestys Treasing to hausmit to accompanying Extracts prou a Report
you
of the Commissioners of Fundit, dated 22 celtinis, on the subject
charged
in the Accounti
of
various
of the deting
Treasurer at Hong Kong in respect of
Law Explucces incurred
by the Attorney
for
Stephen
A
House Comm
Admiral
Agent
pard of T
Bu
Foreign
Office
Hon
Offic
Ordna
Trea
for the Gown. And I am to request
that
you
will move Earl grey to give
be necessary the fees paid to the of Official functionscies in the cases referred to ; miless his Ladship should think it necessary to require a previous Explanation from the Gournon of Bong Kong.
such instructions as may be nee for the retion
Jan Sir
your obedient
your
Sewant
A munduan
239
Extracts of Report of Commissionces
of Audit, dated 22. Retoler 182b.
"He beg leave to represent sto
your Lordships, that in the Account of the
the Acting Treasurer at Hong Kong for Quarter from 1r July to 30. September 1845, there is a charge of 339 Dollars, equal to 3.70.12.6 Sterling, for Law Expenses incurred by the Attorney for the Crown, in an Action against M. Can the Editor of the Friend of China Newspaper, for Libel.
Independently of the question which prst presents itself, whether the repent in question has been preported for your Lordships sauction, - a point upon which we are not-
informed; we beg leave to observe that amongst the various charges there are the following, naviely
Sherriffs Fees ---
4.
ed.....
42 Dollars
1-50
Deputy Sherriffs -62- Attorney General's " Chief Magishates &
Certificate
Fassing Costs.
C
کالم
4
Your Lordships in your Monate
1097
چاہے
Hous Comm
Admira
Agent
ard f
Foreig
Office
Of
Tr
of the 5. December 1879, aesired that it might be under 1000, that the Sase of Salaries settled for the Officers on the establishment. at Hong Kong, should represent the full extent of their Emoluments, and that they should not derive any further incidental advantages of any kind, arising from their Official situations; and
· and we may remark that a sum of 400. Collars paid in October 1844, to the Attorney General for informations drawn up by subsequently refunded under instructions from the Colonial Secretary of State of the 14 February 1845, by which it was directed that the amount of any Fees paid to the Attorney General, from the public Treasury
on account of Government Business, should be repaid
by him.
him, was,
s
He likewise beg leave to to port to your Lordships that in the account of
Disbursements incurred in the department of the Superintendent of Trade for the Quarks to 30t Sune 1845, there is a Charge of $176. 2450: for Law lxpenses incurred
Action of the frown aganist Deuts
in an
and
a
and others, in which is included
240
Ge
Charge of $50 for Counsels Fee, and also several charges for Fees to public Funstionaries namely,
Registrar for Summons
Sherriff for serving
Da
Judge's Order Fading Costs
do.
Com
1 Dollar
1
Registrar for Searches
Therrift for severing Subpanas - 5 Subpoenas on the 5 defendants.8.50 Cents
We presume that in this case also, the Attorney General acted as Crown Counsel
and we think it proper for the reasons already stated, to submit there Charges also to you
to your Lordships.
Hous Com
Admira
Agent
ard of
Foreig Office
t
Ord
13/
Expence _ the adminally having undertaken to se vride für di
1
Mr. Hawis
to wh.
The action the Colonial Treasing
U sance is here made was, of Sie Tho. Cochrane, the Add val as The hain
I think, that
been
Enfuct of
exonnak?,
ہا
вырожд
to the same
to pe
concler corly
جيها
still it comes
are
thing, for the British
the miny
were ordend le des beat
& the proceedings aut & for all der vices
rendend to that found the valeries of these
Offens
an a sci
pt in full. Com-
=sequently I wish that there
can be ho reason
Wehrend Have Fee
ior 11.
The
refined to thing
why they
Candit - Des. 5. 1843 -
241
Gwernn
hus
17 Nomul
Sir J. Davis .
Sir.
Forwardul Som 16.
MR go
MESIN kom 10 MiMovers | 76
Ex
16
7
10 Novr
I hausmit to you
herewith the copy of a
a Letter
from the Apistant Secretary
to the Lowes Commissio. < =
of the Treasury reclosing bxtracts from a Report of
the formmissioners of Nudit
this subject of
27.7
certanie
charges which appear in the accounts of the Acting
for
Treasurer of Hong Kong
Law expenses incurred by the Attorney Jutta Crown
in that Colony in me action
brought
of
- against the Exciter ytte "Friend of China Recospaper for dibel : and in precescaccer
y
of the evacuement Heat Min
!
House Comm Admiral
མ ག གནས
Agent
ard of
Foreign Office
Ordr
other Cuil Establishment of
Hong
King should not receive
my incidental advantages
any
beyond
their fixed Salaries
I have to wishuct you
Carry
into offset their Ludrtups
tie
decoctions for procuring
y
return of the fees paid
to
the Officers mentioned in
their Letter.
от
22/2
1
$189 1/2
RECEIVE
C.D.
DEC. 4
1840
1641. Bong Kong.
Treasury Chamber
3 December 1846.
212
✓
No 53-12 Deep 46.
Copy of Beckums to Yor
With reference to your communication
of the 17th September last,
on the subject
of the amalgamation of the Officer of
Авечет
otary
and Auditor Several at Hong
Kong, I am
commanded
by
The Lords
Emmissioner of Her Majesty's Preasing
fo transmit herewith
洲
#hptr 1846 -
extract-
Extract of a
사
Report from the Commits of Audit,
relative to the performance, after the Union of the Officer, of the Duties
drooling
am to
on the Auditor, and I
request that, in submitting
Same to Earb
the
Earl Grey, you will suggests
Jan Arphand bag.
де
He
He
1
ta
to His Lordship that the Governor
should be instrucated) to caution the
party
who
may
be intrusted with
the joint duties, &gainst any revisen of
on the points adverted to by the
Commiferiver -
Save Shri
амо
Your obedient Servant-
Abulug
реп
John Davis.
Forwardedby
346
FRCAM
Mr. Jo love
M&Stephen J MR Hawes
Earl Grey
Freak 16411. Hong Kong.
Treasury letter & Deerkt
b
وہی
12 Dec/46.
243
On the 171 of Sifft br
Storing referred the
tary and
Subyech of the amalgation of the Offices of Secuting Auditor General it Hory
вылу
Hony for the consideration
of the Lass Commisss: of
x
Я почв
the Tussary. Shans mich für
your riformation
Lase
and
what their hardshift hand
Entrich of
ви
Communicated to me
of a
to their them
e to
Report addrefere
Sonashapes by the Coming
for Auditing the Public Aucunt
здат
and Share to ausbruch to
En will
Contion the Officer also
May be extrestest with
the joinch duties agonish
to
the
any demissness on points adrested to by
the
Commissioners of Audit
Shave
T
In 1641. Hong Kong
214
Extract from Report of Commin - Ausit dated
28 Septr. 1846.
In respect of any modification of the Auditor's present Regulations,
the event of the Departments of the
and
Secretary and
Auditor ber
in
being combined,
any change
it does not appear to us that
in the existing distructions would be
necessary.
The Secretary, in his capacity of Auditor, should require the production
with the accounts of all documents and autioties prescribed
by the
by
Instructions, although, from his position
вет
Secretary, not himself ston ding in
need of the reinformation which might
he
245
and in
every
other respect
check ufor them in his capacity of
of
Auditor.
be wanting
he should also follow the course
proceeding pointed out by the distructions.
It will be for your
to decide what weight may
Indships
attach to
arry objection which as Auditors
a
me
cannot but entertain, to the amalgamation of the duties of Anditor of a Colony with those of Secretary, an Executive
officer who has to
carry
out the orders
of the Government, for although the
duties of the one and the otter office
may
not be incompatible, cases
may
certamily arise wherein, in consequence
of the
the immucdiate participation of the Semetary in the Acto
of
the Government
b1⁄2 might omit to Exercise a proper
!
¡
For
Off
F
Ad
1
[
The
Pd. Hawes
BH
rh?
of
course,
aishache.
3
6134
30 Dev Cost.
Deeps to for 30.
18/12.
lis
the 10
1710 Honey How y
RESENTED DEC. 23
1640
гер
Treasury Chambers
21th December 1846.
In reply to your
th
nistant,
letter of
246
I am commanded
by the Lands Commissioners of Her
that
Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Grey, My lads concur in opinion with his ! Indship that the grant of the gratents
50 dollars to the Widow of Police Constable Arter, reported in the despatet
of
James Stephen Expe
fc..
ке
لها
Bard!
of Governor Sir John Dan's, to 117. of
281 September 1846, should be
sanctioned.
•
дил
Mr. Dawes
So hit
inch
лу
I am Sin
your obedient Lis..
lel Munduan
Liv
16.121 음
12
30 Dear
Gov.
Desp to
Ser
EC
1709. Hong Hone
Treasury Chamber
DEC.23
1846
gay
214 December 1846-
With reference to
247
your
letter,
dated 10th Sestant, I aux commanded:
by the Lords Commissminer of thei Majesty's Treasury to acquaint you,
for the information of Earl Grey,
that
My Lords concur in this Lordshipér recommendation that the expenditure
for preparing the Sitiv
of
the news
(hurch and Government Building at Hong Kong, according to the Estimate submitted in Sir J. Davis' Despatch
Samer Stephen Wegf.
مل
fe
fe
!
23 Dev
23 Den
hd. Hawes
sche Zu. ich? be so informed?
5.25/
of 2nd
+
" Septruber last, should be
Sauctioned
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant.
lab mundu
16132
18/12
Desp tolpir 30 Deer Wost
Sa
На
VECI
DEC.24
1846
1714 Bong Kong
Treasury
Chambers
23. December 1846.
248
The Loss Commissioners of
Her Majestigs Treasury having had
under their consideration
your
letter
of the 10th instant. hausmitting chies of two despatches pour the Governor of Hong Kong, with fland and Estimates
for the construction Raad between Into
ба
a new line of
Intern and Samley, I by their Lordships
Am commanded
Jances Stephen Erque.
fe
ке
to
Treas
to acquaint you, for the informations
Lords
of Earl Grey, that by Lwas have not
seen reason to object to the sanction
recommented
by
his Ladship for
the Expenditure for the alteration and
reconstruction
of the Road in question,
for the Br
aut
Jor
Briage
news
the fish.
place, as
thecified
ノ
named
in the Estimates
which accompanies Sir. J. Davies's
despatcts of 7 April 1846 - And
which the subsequent despatial of
вер
22. Seps^. last has reference.
་་
Ian Sis
249
!
B
D
F
to
G
your
obedient Servant.
leb hunden
$
he
до
صدق
W Ha
неле
The Gove.
should of couse
enshueled
24 De
9.24/
Treasury
Affice
་་་་། སྙ
10.
250
!
Treasury
War
Office
1
√ Grotiughing
18056
Ans
26.
May 146.
Sir
RECEIVED
MAY. 16 1846
War Office,
231
15 May 1846
Major William (anie, of the Mattached List having applied for permission to receive his Stalf Pay together with his Income as Chief Magistrate at Victoria, Hongkong, I have the Secretary,
at War's directions to request
ac
the Salary
that.
you will
equaint me with the Annual Amount and Emoluments of this Civil Situation, and the date of his appointment
thereto.
I have the honor to be,
Sir
Your most obedient
humble Servant,
Sabian
Stephen Esp. Colonial Office
L
#
!
+
Treasu
ha
I is the answer in print
fact to this
Me
Bast
ajor Cavice
вмест
appointed & mag
1200 a year - His fees for 1844 were,
Karch 10
The
informed
Course
se, be so
ARG. 21
my
my 2
22
1844 ala.
14.5/
"Hell
J.
Salary
when. His Majesty's Service.
Aeption Ey
사
olonial offe
War Office.
thed
برو
955.4Kay.
232
1. Salvindas
a
1846
rwarded by MAY RecDock 23 VAStephen 23
Lord Lyttelton 23
dalone! 25
por
Sin,
S 20. My 1846
String herligen
Jun Letter otte 15t Intent Sandwicht
в bacquent Im
in
B
ups,
C
D
F
for the information the Suntingat War,
that Major Wellin
Came
was
appinta
Chief Magistrate at
Hongking wither
و
1844
ава
Salony oh 1200 ayer,
صبح سویس
姜
Treasu
!
and that the Desi
of the Office
amounted
in the Gear 1844 f
£33-14-52.
-
N100 750 1466 Hong Hong
And L 8 Dec : 146.
کار
RDC
EIVED
C.D.
NOV. 17 1346
Wain
253
16 was
With referen
kompletter ofthe 17 Sept
1844, relative to the soldiers discharged pom the 98 mmt, so the
презид
purpose of being eat at
in the Police
Hong Kong, dan
dicted to send
Paper stuwing
クス
12.
a
ducision otte Commissione,
ہے
of Chelsea Hospital apon the several claims
ofthe Mon; and
question has
ar
tee
the
raised, whether
Men & whoni Pension,
have been assigend
should receive
while ther
원
Stephen
Cocorial Offic
Ben
are
Serving
Cu
For
蛋麵
Off
OF
254
the Police, damdir
& the Lureting at to state, thal,
War
with
sien openabling
the
to
LIST of INVALIDS à ferned & in Mr Monel J. then to leather, 446
keine Regiments
on the forng
ирт
I duide apren se would be glad to faired with ang.
observations,
reprence to the term приели
upon which the
прт
For
was established; Sha
Carthy mas
sink
harfe to seieich sin
an
In
Gener
Chlwan
NAMES
Rate of Pension
ho claim
Anderson
//
William
William
в
Athent Ballard
The claims
Lethe
Jamiche Belker
James
Coulter
David
Con
George Derrington
Henry
Lamet
Hamilton Patrick
John
ham Dicker
D
1.5
Fu
Fullam
Ausgett
Patrick Hussey
Welham
Eulis
To chainf
Le
Robert
Little
〃
Will"
Low
را
| Peter
Mc Cabe
to claim claim
Zo
10
!
Dennit McCarthy
Lapet Mbrary
MHeren
samet
terry, Mc Klenten Joseph Malison
th
а
Maloney Marcety Monaghan
Micha Mal South Newey, conathan Parker Lomal Perthion
To claim
claim
ho
dainf
claim
to claron to claim
•
Regiments
NAMES
Rate of Pension
за
98 bet Willem Patterson
l
Mech Ryan, whine Olgen Wilham
Migh
sames
Komol
па
win
Tanckaberry
Warner Wellon
Wilhamk Writt
10.
taim
no cla
Zv
no clain.
Av C
!
:
!
100750
*.
و
255
!
Tre
Mr. Hawes
: insperse the object of this Letter it to oblaid informations usfucting the terms on which this Fores
If
readily farmis had
was enrolled
27 hot.
вн
80
that informations
be
Chr
ntered
1. Sulivan Ge
Forwarded by
Mr. Jadis M&Stephen 3 M&Hawes
Earl Grey 14
31-6 Sept 744.
1466.
256
8 Dec746
With reference to your
Weller of the 16 Wetto Sam Post deinted by East Gary
66-
transmit to you for the
enformabon of the Secretary
at war the
Copy of
Bespratile addressed by
daily Hughes
hid Lordship to the Governor
of Horry Horry respecting the formation of a Blick done, frone which the Sunstargah
Can will barn that the Soldiers discharged from the
thance
Treasury
90 Rugh.
were
e not to ment
the Pensions to which they
might be cutible dt until
they
had ceased to be
employed in the Bice
Joue
Shove
t
;
*
Land Bheard
ал
257
Land
Boardi
Treasu
Land Board
,
}
258
200 Hongkong
RECEIVED
FEB. 5
Lin
Colonial Land thuigation office,
16th February 1846.
draft much
With
reference to
Jour letter
of the 1th of November lath, we
:
eep 97410 July 45
have
the
horon
1
to state
that
[1865)
21=
C
we
have considered
therein
of stong Kong reporting
the Despate's suclosed from this fovernor
the circumstances
D
F
живет
which
he
had sold r
location
to the people called Fokien at the
average price of Lands, nistead of
exposing them
to general competition
James Stephen Ins
de
从
анд
259
valuable clap of men.
ind also
stating that some
which had led, we believe, in
of
hat
the
almost all
Eastern Towns to allotting
distinct
quarters
to people of different
I
Treasury
themselves
we
134
Parsees of Bombay, having established
at Hong Kong for
purposes of Commerce, he had granted them
a piece of
races
think that the measure
adopted by the Governor may
be approved. It also appears to
Laud
as
an
exclusive place
по
Mat
the
grant of
place of Sepulture
was a
a
fit
legitimate valuable clap
encouragement
to
a
to
report
of
Settlers
from Bombay.
to the
risk of
of sepulture for their tribe.
We beg leave
that adverting to quarrels 3 Tribes
ало
known
disorder if men
to dis-agree
Ive have the honor to be
Sin
Jours
had
been exposed
to be mixed
Logether in
the
same locality,
алд
considering the general convenience
which
er obedient
humble Servants
Pendlarmish
(རི་བ་ཡིན་རིར་
Treas
Ford by keltird
The Gar-old., of
cour
72
mishichid
201 Hongkong
EAVED
C.0.
FEB. 5
260
4. You: 92-7 March 1st.
Colonial Land and Emigration Office
4
February 1846
Sir,
With reference to tic
the Governor
Despatiue from the
Inyong kong mentioned in the
Herewitty charmed. & attached to respectively Darpateties
No. 114. 20 Agust 1845 N.117.
No121. 30
1845
1345
margin
enclosed
in
མ་རོལ་
your
letter o
the 6th of November last; the
first transmitting an
==swa •se-ia:
an Ordinance for
charge of the Streets
and
Ewers of the Town of
the future charge of
Victoria, and the others accompanied
Lame Sephen
Je
by
SÖPAJA
:
1
:
Treasu
•
[
231
of Taxation at
яг
it's general
by
on
а
the
correspondence with the Merchants
scheme
Hong Kong, and
in resolving.
to frame a saw
subject, and
on
the
that we
Lee
по
reason
why
their
merits as
а
station for commelœ;
Ordinance should not be allowed.
We have
the
honor to state
At the
same time
ive
we beg leave hez
that
the
Ai
former subject has.
to enclose
a copy
copy of the
latterly received
much attention from
Government in this comitry, we thought
it might be advisable to place
rirselves in communication with the
Bealth
Towns Commission.
We have now the honor
to report Colonial Government have judged rightly
that We think the
in
will
extremely judicions and practical
character,
and
We would therefre
venture to recommend that they
should be forwarded to the Governor
for his consideration. We wond
observations for which we
are
indebted
to the
Health of Towns
Commission, and which we believe
be forma
to be of an
also
1
Treasur
4.
232
also suggest
of
that
inggest mate the printed reports
that Commission should be
transmitted
沦
to the Colony as they
must contami much information
lovernor with
the adiric of the
Excutive concil. So I sevis smaids
conclude
with some observation
subject; and it would
his sespatch
on
this subject;
that would be
very useful to
V in the
bionen in
the bar Commisioner
performance of their duties.
to
appear that he
dors not attack
much importance to retaining the:
clause in it's present form. We
the
The only clause it which
are
perhap: it i
noce
cepeary we chouet
directly draw attention is the 1804,
disposed to think that as.
Commissioners are to make the
may
be desirable that
they should also appoint persons
rate
if
regulating
the
Collector of the
apporistuent of Saver Gates.
The
As it is
now pamed that Officer
is to be nominated by the
Loverwor
to collect it; and that if the
Appointments were
with subject to
the approval of the Governor, the
Executive Authority, whilst still exercising
Treasur
233
a control
control in
the matter, would
be free from any claim which
might popwly be
popibly be made upon
Government in the Event of a deficiens
ni
the
Collectors accounts.
now to the other
.1.
Turnnig
bespatches transmitted to us with
the porezons Edinance, be find
At the Murchants remonstrate apsimnet
with
which has been imposed
for paying the Frice, and tot
thes compilami generaing of the schemi
and
off
amount & Supation at dry hong
xito
tempig also the succip of the
Siand si
a
Commercial tition.
Several
Several of these are
Bpics of a
Да
nure generai naturs than
it belongs
ᄒ
and We belive
to discuss,
tiseus.
that they have
aiready been fully intir the
consideration of Her Majesty' Mommes-
най
can
only state
in general
terms
that
coun
depending mainly on its prospect:
Do
a
commercial Emporius, be
apprehend that
that all chayis
i772
Shipping and all Import Entics ought obviously to be avoided
as much as posible; and if
direct
1
Treast
264
Accerne
direct sources of Acvine in
admitted to be preferavie, we conceive Part of Land
the most
I be me of
convenient that could
be decided. They afford a yeariz
Income
to the Public withinct
strictly coming within the descriptions
A moncis
Ax
x; and where the interest
is migh, they relieve
persons who require End from the inconvenience of having to pay the
pec - sumpi value of the Soperty.
A
Withi
流
regard
to the xinornih
may
be observed
Rents, it
that those of earlier tate, settled
under
}
under
the authority of captains Elliot and Mr Johnstu,
were the
subject of very careful revision.
by
a
Soara of Officers specially
apporiited for the purpose of doing
pistice in
2
this matter, and that
all the other Rents have van
volimitarily offered by the Imants
at open
competition. In order the
more effectually to insure the former class of Lesens from
suffering any
injustice, the Governor
provided that any one of them
who deerned his Lot to be valust
too highly, might
might claim to
hold
ich
D
F
1
hold it at
the
average price
Treasury
realized at the
تن
pist Public
Gilles of Leaves; but not one penou ( as appeared from Sir Henry Pottinger's Report)
availed iniwelf of the options. This
question was considered more at our Report dated this
Sngth in
3141⁄2 of September 1844, t which
lii
would aquest have to refer
if more
details
mouth be
required.
With these remarks on the
Ordinance and
Land Fents, which
minjects have
more particularly fallen
within our knowledge at this Sffice,
We abstain from entering into
the
}
t
235
the
more general questions of the
Taxation at Hong Kong,
advantages as
and of its
a Britton Sony.
We have the honor tobe
Lir
Your obedient
Anmble servants
Thida Mich
ག ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་
In Wond
ᄇ
!
ps
Treasur
to fall
CHIIA
Dar cous
questions agitatid
There seems to be
Z
ove
(Decpalches
to which this refers
and above this questions
which the Comment refer - and of the questions aferred to
thend there are some
which
scarcely
withins then province. Will pro have the goodness
to enumerate the on
questions proposed by
the for, distinguishing suck
fo
have been decided from incl.
still
wailing
་ན་
decisine ?
theme as
[
LIVED
€.0.
FEB. 5 1846
In 201 Hongkong
266
.(
Observations
in the
Hous
Fronz Ordmance for the damage of
the Town of Victoria.
From want of better
information of the
present amount - X:
condition of the population, I assume
that the Toron of Vectoria, now is or
become a
will shirtly
thickly inhabited district, and should therefre
!
be
C
treated in
the
same
the
manner and on
same principles as the Health
F
of
Towns Commissioners have laid mon
H
their Reports, as necessary
for
Towns
in Great Britain.
On
general principles it is to be
expected
that
the same
practical meatures
are applicable
applicable to Towns in
all
Clerictes
Climates, and I pind that I am
confirmed in
in this
view by one of the
Health of Towns Commissioners lately
resident at Calcutta, who had the
honor
of being employed to
report m
its
ce
sanatory
condition.
Treasury
that measures are
He informet me
троша
about to be commenced
under the direction of the Lovemor
General of Sidra for improving that
they will be
city, and that on the principles land drow in
based
the
Committimers Reports above alluded to. =
Assuming then that
difference of Cinate will
defirence
in the
for preservruz
make
measures
the health
population, I should
that
the
all
no
the
J
237
Supply of Water - It is now fully established by the cast and previous
investigations on the
subject that
the
damage of a Tour,
Town, where so much
gross matte,
рибо
it's way
into the
Lewers, cannot be made effectual
with nut
a
copines supply of water
carry of the heavy substances._ Lindm the best sewered Town in the Loom
World, teems with instances
accumulatin's
of
in the sewers, but I
trouble
to
with examples,
you or of other defects that Towns
need not
either of this have lately been creposed
nece Hary
of the
in this
prst submit
oromance does not embrace
the operations that are necessary.
for that purpose
-
The prst
and
most important of these
تھے
а
Supply
m.
Country, because I shall
accompany this letter
with
a
of the Commisiniers Reports __
copy
If this prst hout is admitted but not otherwise I would
submit kendly for consideration, the propriety of introducing into
the
Ordinance, a power to
canpel
the
prober
Treasur
proper drainage of houses.. If the
1
main damage of a Town requires Water-
much
more of course.
urle the house
Rains, which
have
not the advantage
}
238
conveyed away by the naiis.-
I would also earnestly
recommend for consideration
the propriety
of
of making some regulations (ef nove
been made/ relating
to
Slaughterhouses & Burial grounds. -
have yet
such places should
un be
allowed
Town, and
of being washed
by the occasional
falls of rain . - It caund be necessary
to lay any
-
stress on the importance
of such additions
wil effects of the
m
this
to
a
Dwelling. - The
absence of them even temperate climate has been
fully proved, and I cannot conceive
that
there will be any difficulty in carrying out this suggestion in a newly built and mereasing Town like
essential matters, Victoria. Besides these
_ within the precincts of - a
then ought / especially the former)
to be placed under
inspection.
herposes
a systemi
of
Regulations for these
should be made
delay before any
private
wrthnit
rights are
acquired. - Inught extend my observations by urging the
necessity
many
of checking the growth of
nuusances, but having
типо
Sheeped
some
of the grave, eirls,
upon which I think Istrict provision
should be made in the Ordnance
I
would here observe, that
suficient
stress does not
appear to me
to
be
It is
sis
unnecessary
to
notice
others
laid upon.
the
duts of providing
for the speedy removal of the substantial refuse that cannot be
conveyed
more particularly
I will only add
more
a hope
that
tis
subeit
will
meet with carly attention, as it
can be
deatt
dealt with much more easily and more
effectually at the
present une
afte
the population
has become
then
habituated to, and careless about these
1.
Waters would their
inclined also
269 thes be excluded. I am
to think that it should
suck, construe-
―
be more clearly stated, but tions as Wharfs and the
intende I to be placed under
like
are
the
purisdiction of the Commissioners; the breadth of
Streams is pequently
sassowed by such constructions when
erected
by private persons, and the
evils
ance
as cxperience
proves to be
ис
thes Country
the case.
Treasury
These
Chen
are
the
varuus
any
B
Lavatory
to
natural
water impeded,
in
orde
il
and at the
now venture
to make
It seems
to же...
Ordmanice
that
LA
one
now framed
the power over
the
in.
or livo
thei
dutes to which it appears to me
measure for the
comprehensive Improvement of a
en brace and Iurie
Town ought
to make it effectual;•
remarks upon
the extent of
Jurisdiction of the Commissioners gwen
flow of the
He
Orduance
and the
cnirte
that
they
are
required
to pursue
eve
the
execution of their duties.
I would prst throw out the limitation
for consideration whether
of the Jurisdiction to tidal rivers, is
not too confued ; Inger Streams falling into such
the River- bank being vested commessioners without enabling
in any way
to grant permission for the erection of such structures, might
ti
are
be justly objectest to. They
the merposes of Trade,
necessary for the purposes and if properly constructed might
be made to assest. the flow of the wate... I would also
suggest
ཀ
Rivulets and even
hat
the crections of mill-danes, and
Weir's
Waters
!
Treasury
Weirs shined
be placed under
qurisdiction of the Commissioners.
the
して
the
latte,
A provision in
part of the second Clause, brings ene
to the last subjet
trouble
on which I shall
with
упе
any
obervations. - It the Commissioners divide the district into
three or
is there required that
may
mine
Sub - Norsions; this is certainly
equitable provision in principle,
a most
at the works necessary in different
rstricts and the
expences
ken them
ther
that
consquent
will vary
according to local pecuharities, but I submit of the District
the subdursion of the
might to be
made after due consideration
z those peculiarities, and the natural
acvantages which they severally afford
for drainage. These
ascertained
can
by
arr
area
only be accurate survey of
for damage,
the whole natural
with a
heights of the ground, sinidar
270
to the
plan of Windsor at haze 432, Vol: 2
Report 1..
The evils and excessively
wasteful expenditure of money
caused
by the absence of my general plan
for the drainage of Trons
having been ponitec out
ши
England,
to
the
Health of Torons Commissioners, induced
them to
recommend that
а
proper
plan should be procured and
Survey
apkranz
при вир
a
&vernment Officer
Br
before any general measure
I.
damage be commenced. _ & there fe
be adopted
course should
the plan and
suggest that
tti
and that
dame
survey should be
submitted
approval of the
latter
were insisted
seems to
ne
pr
Governor : If this
on, it
столий
that Clause 4. requiring
the Commissummers to submit for approval.
of the Siverior
en
Comicil
every
Resolution of the Board, might.
hart be dispensed with
heights
Plan shewning the relative
!
I feel great- besitation in
4
making any remark uker, a
a provision
>
of this kind reîxting to
the
concerns.
of a Country to seperatly exciumstances
but unless it is
should submit that the Connectimers
pom
or
Treasur
an
usual and necessary
provision, I
تھے
in their
required
to
work
to a
plan approved
would be sufficiently fettered in
operations if they were
above proposed, and that they shined
be freed pou the
frequent reference
necessity
to the Governor,
for his assent
to Resolution's
The reasons.
pequently of the most trivial import__
for not requiring ther
pequent consent of the Governor seeme
to be strengthened in refrencz to
the
Sixth Nause which
very
properly
provides for
an appeal
to
hein
azanist the resolutions of
the
Commuckcovers ._ But it must be
borne
57
r
borne in mind that such
ан
is less likely to be effectual after
271 appeal
the
Court appealed to, has made itself a
case, by presuntly groug
party to the
its assent to the Resolution.
The above suggestions for
a proper Survey & plan-
obtaming for damage
tion that
in procuring
are
there
ан.......
made
on the assump-
Dfculty
will be
no
Engineer Officer fully
competent to furnish it,
it would
to its success of his
carry
greatly contribute services were retained
to
des the direction
execution under
Commissioners - the same.
The same observation
will apply to the supply of Water
et into
B
of the
D
F
should it be deemed proper
G
ti
vest
H
the Commissumers with the
necessary
howers. -
I
ace
Treasury
RECE
JULY 8 1:246
272
1339 HongKong
Colonial Land Annipation office
8. Forly Hi
6
Mr Walter 15 Jul
Tre have
acknowledge
295 ultimo
a
your
to
the honor is
Letter of the
accompanied by
Despatch from the Governor
of Hong Kong
the subject
of Erc Webster's claim for Land.
In our
Schober
the ground.
Cames Stephen Smy
East
report of the 18?!?!
the explained
ou
which
гис
considered
ん
01
considered My Webster
compensation;
That
in
a
lust
Despatch
entitled to
We Fund
inot
ance
Treasury
John Davis
December
dio
east, Lord Stanley
dated
the 8th of
Frauley
adopt
this view to
沾
is full
Exent
but referred
the
Ce.
with
dome
additionas
socdence
decision
for
the Governors
Lis John
f
Davis has
Now
decided
afainsh
the Clains
preferred by Er Werster
and we
1
are
Soh
aware
that
any
further
remark
on
The
subject is caller
for from this Board.
We have the horror lobe
Sir,
Your beaucich
humble Lervants
Medallist
Clipandresto
KANA
273
f
{
Treasury
:. : 828 of last gran. A noti
briefly explains the state of the
Fear go
cate.
die back of it From 2.1224
assegund will barn that the Zur. adheres to his original in which opinion, for the reasons
BH
повод - в выпу
of 878167
in
!
¡
بهم رسم دره
;
1258
230 trong động.
274
C
00216 1045
Cojonial Land and Emigration Office
15 October 184/6
Sir
We have
the honor to
B
acknowledge your letter of the sout
Ulting, accompanied by copies of two letters from Suz
pom zur Robert Webster
subject. of wis
on the
F
daim arising out of
the resumption of certain Building
Loto it Dong Hong.
For the facts of
this case
We bez to
refer
to irer Report of
which
the 184 October 1845 in
Jamcortephen y
را
Treasury
2
275
wi
ive
endeavored
to recapitulate all
the
arcumstances
that are material to
а
decision.
A Bazaar being
Government to proceed with them,
but he
received directions from the Land
states himself to have
much wanted
for
the Troops in
Board
in
his capacity of Owner
4.
six mouths.
was
ис
longer felt.
The
Finier
of
the
Lots
had
not
1842 the Lots in question were
granted on condition that the requisite
Buildings should be erected within
expiration o being ended
Bazaar
Pout upon the
that terms, the War
the necessity of
to
remove
and rebuild certain
Walls which had been built by
the
prior
Owner
which directions
the
{
ถ
finished his buildings,
but was actively engaged in
J
continuing them, and
not only
was
все
allowed by the
Government
he obeyed.
Sir Henry Pottingers return to
trong tương
it was found that
of having the intended
instead
Bazaar, the
Land
could be more
conversiently disposed of by bake
for other purposes,
the occupant
was summarily ejected and all compensation for his outlay has
ир
when however
оч
4
- A
276
ance'
up
dit
this
constantly retired.
has always been
Fine
been
Fur Spinion
In the
that he was
not
trick
the
Land
in
Treasury
hardly used
and ought to be
present instance we do that Mr. Webster toon question discharjeá
toir
the
condition
indemnified:
but finding that a
on which it
had
B
contrary ticision
was adopted, we
been granted to Captains
Beck, and we preely admit that
have
امل
wished
to press our
that condition
was broken, and
crieur inreasonably. st. bebster
Mr.
therefore that the Land
was Segally
however having
appeared to Eart
resumable
by
The Crown, but
Grey, and
а
Report from to
1
1
C
We
feel
bound
to repeat
D
being again
called for, we feel
нев
E
F
our
Opinion
that such
if
але
in
justice
to lin
G
夯
spear
the
quision to
resumption unaccompaniet by any
H
compensation for
which
ive
adhere, leaving the
by
the outhay incured
the occupant while actively engaged
decision
to
the
higher authority
in proceeding
of Earl Grey.
of
Kis
towards the pulfilment
Agreement, would
be
{
a
b
277
hance
Treasury
a
and
step involving much barithip,
practice.
hardly warranted by the
F
#he
British
Government in any other part of
the world.
The reasons on which
obtains for
а
Colonies, vist
a
forfeiture of Lands in
total abandonment of
the Property
ہو
neglect
to and
inexcusable amount. Secondly, The
Buildings
We ground
this
as follows:-
ал
First
appearance
were
in
an
advanced state
when
the
Land
conclusion are.
considerable
очи
them.
was resumed, and a
outlay had been made
Thirdly, The necessity for
an
earlier completion of the Inuilding
There is every
that
from
the begining
to exist from the time
peace
was
Mr. Webster, though he states himself
to have
been ipsorant of the
Contract with captans heik, had
in fact been
it's provisions,
carrying out
oo
that there
is
not м
this
cate
The
strong
crason
which usually
Starse
had ceased
Established, and as this
event occurred previously
transfer of the
the condition
considered
importance.
as
to the
Land to Mr. Webster
to time might be
to have become of less
Fourthly, Mr Webster had
not only been suffered to proced in
his
his
Operations for
tive months after
the prescribed
time had elapsed,
but the mode
of his proceeding
>
had been directed
Treasury
by
The Land
I
Board without any intimation that it
was
the intention of government
to appropriate the Land on which
be was encourasid
o carry ou
his
Sperations.
Euch are the reasons which
have induced
I think that
A
equivalent to his purchase
a
sum
monsy
Expenditure on
and
to
his subsequent
the Property right
ناک
be
gravited
to the daimant
out of
tre
Land
Funds of
this
278
G
the colony.
Sir John Davis is of the
Contrary opinion. The claimant
has appealed
to
thie
Secretary of
State
and with
7
the foregoing remarts
We leave
the
it
ས
case to be determined
by Ais sordolrip's better judgment
We have the honor to be
Sir
Your obedient
Jumble Sevants
thedaleit
Frederikogen.
F
Treasury
зе
tailer had undertaker to creat
Military wad
by a per
wetherl
Composers to complete it
for Military Composer
What he had allad that day
Thank
the onk I that by this default the work
_
sales to the Good Ishould have retend my wifinal
opinion that the perfecting was de defined, had it not that Lad Grey
that yn dépens
ealed that oficior.
Oct. 18. Dentirely aque
ses 4.
it left. Hephon
afen
uet
کا
J
tu conclusion amord
Meet the Gerans but he
Gove hove apeis of
Shaved be mit
to
W. Webslims Selen
water
Indden.
сово
to spend to thirre abendy be fee this Dept text Ides and him to write family to
It
вс
beer
lokey. I tow.W.shd.
this time ride. Offf. W. W. shd. be infrnd best this safe is taken ? zer
5.20%
1. That the Govern
Soleants for quotation of the dan
fr . the first time introduce into
17 Jct. Air Mawns the Commissiones now
the
his work after the freautéed pennd had claped_23 dections from the Land Brand
I allowed him to complete
Le re
lo
build extéri
be
bull by the forme
that he obed these directions.
There
is of cons
End of
Case.
To expres
the forfeiture would be a complete
any
Gost. If the fact
et i
at thank it reason.
Gar
--
hall
Justice &
Slated how,
hand with
was
for that this Salanal capred
have had ble f
riginally
fine
affectants of continente
credit to it, untel
and
veg.
A
1
X..
1847 JAN. 1
C.D.
broy brows:
? December Bieb.
Colonial Land &Emigration Office
Liv,
Ire have the
honor
acknowledge
your
letter
&
279
DEX
10 St
he 116. 245 Leph Bout,
nistaut
from
the
accompanied by
a. Despatch
fovernor of Long Kong
Desp to Gpor. I
respecting the
collection
Fevik
the
Searchots
property of
the gown
min
that Colony.
With
sexpect
6)
tic Love
which
are
7022042/21
༡༢
there
appear
3 be
aprasz
of the Tenant shoud
James Stephen ing
no difficulty.
not pay his
i
Deut
し
2
6
Treas
230
Rent, the
Roun
ruci
At
the
Cater
Jame
time
in
quay
order
have
recourte
the
ufficient
that
the
Crown
may
not
Experience
remede
afforded
in action
Lop by Rents remaining in
Arrear
CE
Covenant
5
the
Lease
by re-entry.
it
will
be
necepary
that they be
Where the brķerty remains
Junctually collected, -
алд
that the
mimproved
lve
apprehend that the
remery
the
Trown popeses be speedily
Fenant
still liable for Bent whether
resorber
Ź
in the
Event
of the
the rown
shouts
afterwards
2- cuter
Jenank
making default.
swot
but
ай
We
in
many
Cases
For the
The absence
miderstand mat
by Ease Key
If the
above
succios be approve?
We
apprehend that the
F
of the
Jenant N
his
want
of means,
G
Jame
Course
thout be adored indif.
the remedy by action
time
wouts prove miffectual,
Covenant
ie
are
dispored
recommenda
меня
that
Ho
who
are
the frown shorts
be satisfied with
the
resumpiton
of
to property.
far
the
largest
Foreve
of
Ap
simproved
- ferently in ali
perceive that it? Cardine Matherow
stated to be by
Eater, and
لله
lve
that
: served lot was the only proceeding which ought ever to be locker in case of a breach of the Covenants for improves. But
But why broad principle she be so laid down I confess Engelfen to be unable to perceive.
Jy 2. Idome
ше сили
inte kin
question betina W. Suplent
the four.
Вис
But looking at all beling. Externes think
1-
все
the airsofthe
des amplion
ghee and, the aut aut beyfund,
e
sufficient. And if the cont in
but find theinte domly the
pustie samed
Inque
be ejected.
with E. Replem; kun
ahester. Indian
Me shred be refund the
sume the hose prefected
besten
་
4 Jauf. hr. Hawes. There can, of course, be no doubt that Uie Landlord is
entitled to rent due up to the hon. of the re-entre. But I raschose this Cond?- to rean that the Landlord is also entitled to rent after, & notwithieslandi.
wot their mughing
the n-eating. If that be not their
with them.
accpring have
no
mugning I hand the
xmiry
4
And then mabove
9.
упак прину
57
may
Eifference of ofition
amay 314
احمد benload
732734
m
xmms
may y
77073
t
утото
young yo
m
lund.
xy
эт
joy
717
quite
231
Nen
bank of injugenion
I confess Md Stephen's ex
new
to me
u
Md Stephen's expirit of the law is I had always Mought that when tenant for non payment of sent he still continued to have a claim fry rent due up to the trime of ejectment when the tenant ceased to be in course afterwards no rent ud
: lord epicted
n
The land, of is will I understand the CM to
remart founded
on a
Mean
Whehr of
thi
асение
Is not to Stephen's
сив different understands of this reput? /
to & the law is as I understand it state to the God that the Crown to the uneme of rent it to the time of resume results" but hur a right of But it must defend whom rcumstances in each case who then. It is worth which
to enforce that right,
Гил и
K
& that flounderable
we not allowed to fall into in conceive in jenend of rents-
tempting
the ment with be sufficient
www resumpt" of the land on default
unear
41
၀၁၇ ခု
me
me
monof no
༡༢༢༩
쩝
Q32-༡༢༡/༢༡༡༩
ᏂᎦᏴᏍᏗᏓ
Treas
possession of Land for some gears under Covenants Leich be
reglects to perfor, no may
whithin
subject the owner to Cossed for which the resumptions of the Land 4. afford no consentations. It appears to an unperssible to jude whether ruch actions ought, or ought not; to be bought at ding kung sittin in all these cases or in any пр Евгений thend - There is, inded, such a pusumplices against die werden
case, that it is impossible not to
hing
of bringing an achin in any
lean toward the opinions of this inexpediency on the sontent reasing. But.
one
7
shr. know all the details & circumstances.
in order to form a safe-judent. I think that the questions must
be left to this local Gormit
вул
L
nstitution she be made to
what they have paid
at a
I confess may mability to prceive haft? Gardine & Coins & f
kind of penalty for leaving
AA
Coli
unimproved. That consequence might follow from the declaration of the general principles that more resumptive of.
Nawas
Marlians that parions
at King Kong
lended to persons this tot Whens on speculations,
bere under
that of there about 20 lois save
remedy gainst these ressens, geht this remedy
Une Zur subilanhallen is whulter be
been permitted to he wase
Sh
How brorised by
ha:
Gjestehunt, as
wie that
Tenant 5. remain loable for rent Even the
The Cond! wind their opinions that the
whether it is expedient that he
ого
The Land
An
Dissent. If.
penture to die
beach
2
ofuming from which I must though The konn shd.
Landlord
anly the term.
Covenant
becomes extinct. Rent is an incident to
when tie pohussion
us
Tühen
The Crown at
morges Gjedi
in the Freehold and his Tenant for
& ceases
Sessor.
The Lefter's
by
The real
Landing w. be an actions for the
remedy of damage obuche The Coin
mag build wea
have sustained
non - performance of his Covenants, a to such an
aching the
2.
and ejectment
B. be no ruter
A man
Education Church Societies
Education Church Societies,
on
232
Treas
ance
?
:
In Stephen
Horstrom Education
AW 5 Series
233
To answer has been rec?from the London Mussonay Soer___
The other Antwers are Enclosed
26cr /46
34 Oct. Nor Hawes. The
Reall
answers
contemplat
is to thew that some of these Touities are but that none
of them has effeted a sufion Ang kong, in this that flace to China. I Lad Safford the conting. The question had therefore whole cufft to be done in sintheram f Domation et day tog pormance of the Despolcher 498 £1000. ther pear. On referring to the look of
Elcers
in
of
theso
!
Γ
i
Treas
hance
"
desfalches you will see that exfar as Enspeons and
234
offlemble to this service. Zas or thece Sabonistich
to
conccond the school is exquord for the Ducation of lo deck bodies of fofgefeende her,
to the Earpean folice & then _
children belongery.
that
that of
en la deten
haining
signe
the thong besy offleed of them to the han
jo futher there len lines the Upplar Government spolen of Donation
Ort. 3. Sager witte holaften. Schonbe
L
& Wat as far as the Relines are concerned all talis filith wind dieting Puspend in to
ན
Chann
contributor
et
to part £100 perann
ar
The native ich. As of of which enhebahon it is Red
the effect
would be pod
велед
The belive population
The motives for the arlerference of be Gost are not (I
think) bey Evedect or
faid, it can of bur
you
tony.
The Police
are well
Edination affed to pay for the Edmaker children. Who the Mess way be to
lam the Garr refere I do not know, but there
Caund be
any
Endean parents
at
conciderable number of pean Hong Kong. The money fir to be pain to the Chinese Schools suns labe Apard not so much to promote Education a patify the feelings of the Chinese. I do not thank that it would be easy to
to
for that.
a.
гов
this exferder
to justify complete exftination of the Greenen flows respetory the subguld, & the meshed,
the metted, of leacher Lesfecially eerfuling the bumbers & appo & effen aramolances of Non for the the benefit is desped. Some of the Resinay Societies contempiale the founding of sicher at
Thy shared excunts their intentions they
at
affare.
Jou beleke
Male think) the the feited almmers of any fand
the Empeony ponty wie find
Thery boy Belichtung
r.
good fired futen. Exaction. thin the and in the fore be best gian.
hiibune & beo.t. may
The fuit stex seeme to thr be to call for the further explanath from the God whi ho Stephen thews
If ultimately wid to be required.
7
snd be panted in establishing schools! think at all events the annual cost of and maintains them the be depared by May =
by
menti
the children
5.5
Treas
}
!
:
;
1 hp 9/46
RECEIVED
SEP. 9 1846
1769 Hongkong.
235
or draft to Rev.
་
4
I was ther
6 Forth Place
Edinburgh Soft 7 1846
,、,、ད,,,8
30% 717 71
21
Fagan letter of
.16./conary
ཆ་༼
Secialy has taken
Stops for the promotion of
of HongKong by
227
ཀ༡
have
!
ཀལ་
041
I
tira auı
be
ツ
favoured will your
whether the Scottech
or Contemplates to thing
ན
Education
of Mepronavies
ረ $late
or the agent.
ནན
of attemptory any
I am
12
way of
education.
ނ
the Bolony
reply that that part of
Trung
by other
y
I world.
that quashe
Staren Eng up
h
F
Your mon Obedient faithful
Serr
Wellian Brown See? Sest tap Son
Mr. Murdoch.
This she? be put by wabit the arival
and wers
سه گرد
кодтар тура
& to this Baftists Miss
But Letters thr be written to this London
Sin
1794 Hory Kiny
RECEIVED
SEP. 11
1846
236
33 Ely place tepleys
1846
They to acknowledge, with
печ
muck respect, the receipt of your telter of the 42 cash and in reply to the inguing which you have addressed to
be tion of Earl Neg, bo state, for the inform alere of his Lordship, that the Mission Board of the Moravian Church, -reither have taken nor are proposing to take any steps for the promotion fiducation, by meaux of missionaries, or by any other Hei in the colony of Hong Kong
аделец
7
with pincero regrete that they find themrally pucluded, from cooperating with then fellow (Iridious, in the lavidable Efforts, now in progress, for the religious instruction of the inhabitants of the China..
I have the honour to be, with cerfieged
Sii
B. Hawes Erge thel
ка
four fault pre sond test
Phatrobe See othellorarray
Missions
i
Treas
y
Dr. Hawes
This it? be added to this other letter
with shr. all be bought together for com
The series is
complete.
The subiect
crations where
$
х
1770 Hongkong
бол
Sir,
RECEIV
SEP. 11
1846
237
hurch Missionary House,
Э
I beg to acknowledge
Letter of the 4th bust, in which
Sept. 10, 1846.
you
the honour of your
state that Carl
requests to be informed whether the Church Missimary
Grey requests
Society has taken or contemplates taking any
contemplates taking any steps for the
by other
promotion of education by means of Missionaries or by
means in the Colony of Hongkong.
I have laid your
Letter before the Com-
D
F
of
H
mitter of this Society, and am directed by them to state that
the Society, sent out two Missionaries, both
hoo years ago. them (lergymen of some experience, the Res George Smith, M. A. Ocon, & the New. The M Clatchie, 13.A Trinity College, Dublin, to China, with a view to decide upon the best position of commenting Missionary operations .
B. Hawes, Esq
Treas
The Res. J. M.-Clatchie is now settled at
Shanghai, where he has commented
a Mission .
The Mein
4. Smith has been compelled to leave China through the failure of his health, and his assival in England
is expected daily .
I have the pleasure of bansmitting copies
of the Reports which Mr Smith has sent home of the
Miserinary prospects in Elina .
The Society will be prepared immediately upon Mr Smith's arrival to take into consideration the question
of commencing Missionary operations in Hongkong, or to
receive
any proposition which Earl Grey may be
pleased to make to them.
Funds to the amount of more than £10,000
are in hand which have been already specially contributed
for the China Mission -
.
In all the Missionary
the promotion of the education
of
labours of this Society .
the Natives is a
principal object, a sufficient pooof of which is that
in the vasions
Missions of the Society, there are
(23
r
800 Schools, comprising
comprising 38,007
Scholars.
238
I have the homens to be
Sir
Your
Neary Lea
Hon. Seer & Med
Obedient Servant
८
فرخ
B
D
F
G
H
3
Treas
11 tap.
Add this to this ollin datters that they may
be considered
ll
log.th
then when the series is
comflet.
[FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY]
239
REV. G. SMITH'S SECOND REPORT
ON
CHINA,
IN REFERENCE TO THE
OPERATIONS OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY IN THAT COUNTRY.
LONDONI
CHURCH MISSIONARY HOUSE, SALISBURY SQUARE.
1845.
REV. G. SMITH'S SECOND REPORT,
&c. &c.
REV. G. SMITH TO THE SECRETARIES.
MY DEAR BRETHREN,
Hong Kong, China, March 25, 1845.
Our friend Mr. M'Clatchie, embarked for Shan- ghai on the 20th of February, in company with three American Missionary Brethren, the Rev. Messrs. Loomas, Culbertson, and Dr. Macgowan, and their wives, who proceed with him only as far as Chusan, on their way to Ningpo, their Station.
I hope, (D.V.) to embark in the beginning of April for Chusan, with the favourable change of monsoon, whence I proceed for a few weeks to Ningpo, to make personal observations of its degree of eligibility as a Missionary Station. Thence I expect to depart in time to rejoin Mr. M'Clatchie at Shanghai about Midsummer.
Before I leave Hong Kong, I wish to place on record my present views in reference to our Mission in China. I do not regret the lengthened residence here; as the extensive intercourse with the Missionaries and others, and the view of actual Missionary operations here, are calculated to enable me to take more correct and enlarged views of the principles which should guide our undertaking than I should have been qualified to form if I had gone at an earlier period direct to any particular Station without such advantage. Even prior to completing the exploratory tour, such has been the uniform tendency of the information and advice I have received, and the independent conclusions I have been led to form, that I think it will not be premature in me at once to give a sketch of the plan, principles, and site, of establishing the Mission in China, which I am led to submit to the wisdom and experience of the Committee for their judgment. View- ing, in all its comprehensive bearings, the probable influence
230
4
of this Mission on the prospects of Christianity in the East- endeavouring to estimate at their just value the existing indications of a progressive movement in the native mind- examining in the mirror of God's Word the present leadings of providence and tokens for good-and, above all, assured of the final subjugation of error, and triumph of Christian truth, I think we must feel that Missionary efforts for the conversion of the Chinese ought to be taken in hand in a spirit of faith, in some degree commensurate with the glorious object in view, and on a magnitude of scale worthy the Church to which we belong.
To concentrate and consolidate our Missionary work on some definite field, which can be strongly occupied, is obviously a preferable course to that of scattering our divided and weakened forces over an extended line of coast, among a diversity of dialects and Native character. To avoid one error, however, it is not necessary to run into the opposite extreme of narrowing our sphere of exertion, so as to limit all our attention to one spot.
If we wish to select one of the newly opened ports of China, and make it the solitary advanced picquet, in invading these vast regions of error, the mind is perplexed between Shanghai and Ningpo. Shanghai promises fair to become the grand commercial emporium of the North, and as a nucleus of foreign intercourse, and in a mercantile point of view already inferior to Canton alone, it offers the advantages of a direct and frequent communication by sailing vessels with Europe without touching at Hong Kong. Ningpo as a quiet Missionary Station, exempt from the usual deteriorating influence of a foreign mercantile com- munity, presents facilities of a different kind. Ningpo approves itself, to most persons, as the more desirable Station, considered solely in reference to Missionary work; but seems to be too retired a spot to be the solitary seat of a Mission. Time, experience, and the course of events will alone show the real superiority of each, separately considered. But if both are occupied, and each place is thus made to blend its peculiar advantages, they present one of the most magnificent fields of Missionary enterprise that the Christian Church could conceive or desire.
On the one hand-
5
1. SHANGHAI is the port of Loo-chow-foo, from which it is distant about fifty miles-the metropolis of classic literature, of taste, and of fashion-the Oxford of China-a centre of influence, whence the rays of native philosophy are dispersed over the millions of educated Chinese.
2. Looking beyond the events of the present time, and contemplating the probable extension of foreign intercourse with the interior, we regard Shanghai also as the key to Nanking, the old capital of the empire, and distant only about 150 miles.
3. Again, it commands the entrance of the Yang-tsze-kiang, forming, by its junction with the Grand Canal, the vast central artery of wealth and commerce, which supplies warmth and life to the most distant extremities of the empire.
4. Occupying a central position, midway on a line of coast, running nearly 2000 miles from north to south, of all the free ports it approaches nearest to the present capital Peking. It lies within fifty miles of the 32nd degree of north latitude, beyond which British vessels are prohibited, by treaty, from sailing, within a distance of 150 miles from
the coast.
5. If the presence of foreign influence be deemed a valuable adjunct to its other advantages, Shanghai, as before inti- mated, already possesses an extent of commerce exceeding the united amount of all the other free ports, exclusive of Canton; and as such must become an important rendezvous for Native merchants from the interior. The importance of this position for disseminating the Gospel through the interior, by means of a Native agency hereafter, can scarcely be overrated.
6. Lastly, if we take a large view, and extend the eye of faith over the boundless expanse unexplored and unoccu- pied by Missionary labourers, we behold in either of these two Stations the bright spot from which the light of trutlı might penetrate the darkness brooding over Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, and the surrounding Archipelago. To the south- east lie the interesting group of the Loo Choo Islands, almost demonstrated to be open to Missionary efforts, and within To the north-east we two days' sail in either monsoon.
291
292
6
behold Japan, with its pagan millions, so long shut out by exclusive jealousy from intercourse with Christendom, within little more than two days' sail with a favourable breeze.
On the other hand-
NINGPO, lying about a hundred miles to the south of Shanghai, and enjoying most of its advantages in a modified degree, possesses additional independent facilities.
1. The population, from the limited extent of its foreign commerce, is less exposed to the disquieting, contaminating influences on their simplicity.
a
2. Its situation on the mainland, opposite to Chusan, and within easy access of a few hours, invests it with an important character under various future contingencies, of which it places us in a position to avail ourselves. In the event of recurrence of hostilities-which most expect before many years have passed; but which may God avert! Chusan would probably, as in the last war, be immediately occupied by British Troops; and once re-occupied, it requires no prophetic wisdom to predict its permanent retention, and its substitution for Hong Kong as the base of British power. This would open Chusan to Missionary efforts, and Mission- aries from Ningpo speaking the same dialect, would be ready at once to enter on this most fertile, salubrious, and populous Island, without destroying, but rather cementing, the com- pactness of the two other Stations.
3. In this event, Chusan would afford to Ningpo, at all times, an immediate refuge from the storms of persecution
or war.
4. In the failure of health, the vicinity of Chusan presents a valuable sanatorium, easy of access. As the British cede the Island to the Chinese in a few months, it is uncertain how far the Native authorities will allow foreigners to reside or even to visit the Island.
5. It is the usual point of access to Hang-chow-foo, distant 60 miles, the great terminus of the Grand Canal, and inferior in importance to Loo-chow-foo.
6. Ningpo also possesses an extensive Native trade with the interior.
7
Viewing Shanghai and Ningpo conjointly-
1. Missionaries are permitted by the boundary regulations fixed by arbitation to go from either Station, as far as they please into the surrounding country, on condition of their returning for the night to the city; i. e. they may go half a day's journey into the interior.
2. In both places the people are civil and friendly to foreigners, and destitute of that proud arrogance which has so long distinguished their countrymen in the South.
3. The climate is said to be salubrious, though, during two or three summer months, the heat is greater than in other parts of China, and the thermometer stands for weeks above 100.
4. The Mandarins exhibit at present no disposition to oppose, but rather court the acquaintance of Missionaries. 5. Each place is in a different province, Shanghai being situated in the south-east extremity of Kiangsoo; Ningpo occupying the north-east extremity of Chekiang province, which, joined together with Fokien province, forms the distinct government of a different Tsung-Tuh, or Governor General. Thus in the event of one set of Native authorities in one place becoming hostile or opposing a particular measure of Missionaries, there remains the hope of the other Station, within easy reach, and under a different régime, being exempt from such local impediment.
6. The dialects at either place approximate more than elsewhere to the Court dialect, which, in spite of local corrup- tions, is generally, with certain limitations, intelligible in all parts among the higher classes, the literati, and the Goverment officials.
7. Again, though the dialects of each place differ consider- ably from each other, they are said to resemble each other Should more than is the case in any other two consular ports. unforeseen circumstances therefore lead to a change of scene of Missionary labours from one place to the other, the incon- veniences under this head would be considerably diminished.
Viewed, therefore, as combining in themselves the several distinct advantages of salubrious climate, eligible residence, and friendly disposition of inhabitants-direct communication
8
with Europe-comparatively quiet isolation from foreigners- contiguity to the strongholds of Native science-local prox- imity to the second largest city in the empire-importance in regard to Chusan- central position in reference to the whole of China-and of future bearings of the most magni- ficent order on the evangelization of the surrounding Archi- pelago I cannot hesitate to pronounce the united Missionary Stations of Shanghai and Ningpo as presenting one of the noblest and most promising fields in the East.
I would point to the Map, and, after surveying their mutual compactness, their largeness of scope, and their central position amid surrounding regions, where one unexpected event of Providence may place millions of idolaters within reach of Christian philanthropy, can fearlessly and unhesitatingly challenge any spot on the Chinese coast, now open to us, uniting in itself so many facilities, as these two Stations on either side of the Bay, which forms the embouchure of the Tsien-Tang-Keang. Other circumstances also seem to invite
us in that direction. The present openings in China, in reference either to dialect, native character, or provincial situa- tion, resolve themselves into three divisions-
1. Hong Kong and the City of Canton, together with Масао.
2. Amoy and Foo-chow-foo in Fokien.
3. Shanghai and Ningpo, contiguous to Yang-tsze-kiang and Chusan.
In reference to the First, there is much uncertainty, arising from the insalubrity and general failure of Hong Kong, and the rumoured improbability of its retention on the present scale. It would be next to useless for any Society to enter on a Mission at Canton in the present state of the popular mind, unless at least one of the Missionaries can already speak the local dialect. As an ample field lies before us elsewhere, abounding with superior facilities of every kind, I think it will be well to watch the course of events; and, for the present, at least, to leave Missionary endeavours in connexion with the Church of England at Hong Kong in the hands of the Rev. V. Stanton. I regret to say that he has experienced continued difficulties in obtaining a site for building, and I do not think
there remains the prospect of obtaining scarcely a single suitable site in the Colony for any scholastic or similar Institution. It is also a problem which remains yet to be solved, how far present circumstances render the Missionary work here capable of that peculiar kind, extent, and scale, of operations contemplated by him. We may therefore from choice and necessity regard the zealous plans of our friend as a pilot-balloon, to indicate the current of future circum- Should the Colony improve, and the Society with
stances.
its increasing funds, and, above all, that principal desideratum- a larger number of zealous, well-qualified Missionary labourers- wish hereafter to extend their Mission, it will be time enough to profit by the experience of others, and in the mean time to abide the issue of events.
In reference to the Second, we may hope to leave it also in the hands of the American Episcopal Church for the present. Dr. Boone, formerly of Amoy, is expected daily as Bishop with Six Clergy. Amoy will be one of the Stations as formerly; and an impression exists among us, that they will also occupy Foo-chow-foo. I am anxiously hoping to see Dr. Boone before my departure hence, and wish I could speak definitely of his plans in regard to Foo-chow-foo. Some un- certainty exists respecting that port. The unfriendly, uncour- teous spirit shown by the Native authorities to Mr. Lay, the Consul, and the firm and even menacing attitude which was necessarily assumed by the British Governor to compel a proper reception of the Consul into a fit residence in the City, speak unfavourably of the probable reception of a Missionary destitute of such official power, and deprived, by Lord Aberdeen's Circular to the Consuls, of any expectation of assistance in time of difficulty, except from a superhuman
power.
The Third consequently remains for our Society to occupy, and thus the whole line of coast is occupied by Episcopacy. Independently of these circumstances, it is a perfectly legitimate consideration for a new Society, just entering on so peculiar a Mission as that to China, to select a sphere of labour, where, cæteris paribus, there is a less amount of difficulty and delay on the onset. The varieties of the Fokien dialect, spoken respectively at Amoy and Foochow, are, from circumstances
233
體
1
10
which I need not here particularize, most peculiar, altogether dissimilar from any other dialect, and doubly difficult to a Student of the Court dialect. Of the climate of Foochow little is known, except that one of two Europeans, resident there with Mr. Lay, has returned in ill-health. Amoy bears a rather unfavourable repute for insalubrity, though an open field exists for Missionaries among a willing and attentive population.
As to the MODE of Missionary operations, little need be said now beyond what has been the general tenor of my corres- pondence the principle of giving a due prominence to the preached and written Word, as the grand ordinance of the Gospel for the conversion of sinners. We want a body of preaching Missionaries giving special attention to the colloquial medium, willing in persevering patience to acquire the written character more slowly, but not in the mean time to sink their distinctive character, as heralds of the Gospel, in the mere occupation of Students, or even Schoolmasters; men who will live much in the open air, employing and increasing their incipient vocabulary of Chinese words, in the effort to recommend a Tract, or incite attention to the Word of God. There is a fair number of good Tracts already in existence; so that a Missionary need not be useless or inactive till he has mastered the written character, and has himself become an author. In due time he may hope also for this honour, in proportion to the capacity of his mind, and his natural powers of originality, method, and thought. But in the absence or defect of these, there remains the humbler post of translator of Christian books. Meanwhile an important work remains for him, and unless that work be sedulously undertaken and prosecuted, the fervency of Missionary zeal is in danger of being cooled by the long period of delay, and of a growing distaste for the society of Natives stealing imperceptibly on the mind. Schools, &c., would follow in due course, experience and expediency may dictate; and if our Mission cannot for the present be undertaken in China on that scale of grandeur which many might deem advisable and essential to the position of the Church of England, we must be content to submit to the temporary absence of this important branch of Missionary machinery, as a penalty for our being so late in
as
11
the field. What can be expected from six, eight, or even ten Missionaries, just commencing the Mission, but that they qualify and prepare themselves, with God's help, for more complex and diversified Missionary work hereafter?
Oh! that God, in answer to our prayers, would give us one sincere Christian Native, who, under the instruction and supervision of European Missionaries, might strengthen our hands in the work of instructing his fellow countrymen ; accompanying us in Missionary excursions, explaining the disinterestedness of our object, and relieving our broken accents, by alternating with us the description of the goodness of God to sinners in Christ Jesus!
To this sketch of my views, I beg leave to add that at least six ships are expected at Shanghai direct from England during the current year, and a larger number may reasonbly be expected in the next year. If Missionaries came viâ Hong Kong, they should not leave England later than the beginning of March, to have the fair monsoon, and a desirable ship for their remaining voyage to the northern free ports. If they proceed direct from England to Shanghai, they cannot be sure of not losing the monsoon up the China Sea, if they sail later than the beginning of April.
I would respectfully urge the Committee to send out a sufficient number to raise our establishment to five Missionaries at each port. One medical Missionary at each would be an advantage; but my views of medical Missionary efforts are reserved for a future Letter. I content myself for the present with saying, that if any doubt is suffered for a moment to linger and in the native mind of the decided, unequivocal, primary, essential Christian character of such medical efforts; if they bear not the undoubted impress of Missionary work; if medical attention is given for any other objects, than not only proving the
disinterested benevolence of the foreigner, but also assembling the sick, blind, diseased and maimed within the sound of the Gospel, and forming a congregation for preaching Missionaries, I must confess I cherish a distrustful jealousy of any such operations, and invite not such doubtful aid. The Scriptural warrant, the reation, the order, and the objects of medical Missionary labours, appear to me to be very simple, as contained in Matthew iv. 23-25, and v. 1-2.
294
295
12
I cannot yet come to a decided opinion, whether an ordained Missionary, knowing something of surgery and medicine, which he could dispense at his private house, and in his preaching excursions, is preferable, or a pious physician associated with the Mission, and having a regular hospital-establishment for patients, at which he is to give regular daily attendance.
I cannot but think that the Society would adopt a measure which they would never have reason to regret, in sending out at once four Missionaries in the Spring of 1846; and the same number in the following year. In the present capabilities of this Mission, the expense of ten Missionaries would not be till great, in the necessary absence of educational machinery, the Missionaries are qualified by their knowledge of the written language to form Schools.
The Committee may perhaps be disposed to wait for more definite and detailed information after personal survey, which I allow is reasonable; and it shall, as soon as possible, be forwarded to them. I should be sorry, however, to hear that 1846 is to pass away without some of our Brethren arriving among us. As Native houses or lodgings can, we hope, be obtained, there need not be at first any precipitate outlay for building, till we have felt our way for a time. The Mis- sionaries must divest themselves of many or most of the preconceived ideas of European life, or the state of things in British Colonies. Houses more or less confined in narrow close streets, will be, in all probability, their residences, if they wish to live apart from the mercantile community, and to increase their prospect of usefulness among the Natives. The comforts of Hong Kong are not to be found in the heart of Chinese cities, nor are they necessary to a Missionary's happiness or usefulness.
The more airy and spacious their rooms, the less will be the demands on their stamina and strength. But I am not sanguine, in the present state of things, that these will be immediately procurable. Such is the field on which we are entering; such the kind of Missionary work, to which we pray the Lord of the harvest to send forth labourers. I have formed my opinion after so much deliberation, and intercourse with every class of informants, that, while I am fully alive to the responsibility of giving advice on so important a question, in which I trust
13
I have sought and obtained guidance from above, I never- theless cherish not the smallest apprehension of incurring the disapproval of my views by the Committee when the future shall have tested their soundness. It will be borne in mind, that I have not made an actual survey of the different localities; and therefore this communication is to be considered rather as preparing the Committee, by the statement of the present bias of my opinions and views, for what will most probably be ere long my fixed and final recommendation.
When I have completed the exploratory tour, it will be seen how far, after personal observation of the several localities, my future communications may confirm, modify, or expand the principles and plan of operations laid down in this Letter. By the end of the present year, or the beginning of the next, I hope the Committee will have heard from me more in detail. I have scarcely a particle of doubt, that if one Station only is sanctioned by the Committee, the choice lies between Shanghai and Ningpo; and entertain as little doubt, that if the Society will enter on two Stations, as every other Mis- sionary Society has done, at least, Shanghai and Ningpo, considered collectively, offer the most inviting field in the whole of China.
I cannot close this lengthened communication, without respectfully impressing on the Committee the importance of entering the China Mission with something like an adequate force. It is my earnest prayer and hope, that our Mission here may, with God's blessing, ever be characterised, less by its numerical strength than by the elevated tone of piety, spirituality, zeal, patience, and love to the brethren, which should ever distinguish its members, as the surest earnest of China wants the blessing of God resting on their work. Missionaries of a peculiar order. Piety, however genuine, and zeal however fervent, unless tempered by practical judg- ment, and accompanied by vigorous activity of mind and body, will be only a partial qualification for a labourer entering on a field abounding with gigantic difficulties. The difficulties, however, are intermingled with many encouragements. Chinese are a hopeful race, and need only the transforming in- fluence of Christianity to raise them almost immeasurably above the rest of Asiatic nations. They are a quiet, kind, and inquir-
The
296
14
ing race, wedded by custom to foolish idolatry, but never wil- ling seriously to defend its practice. Present appearances lead me to coincide with the general opinion of the Missionaries, that nowhere in the Heathen world can a congregation of attentive hearers be more easily obtained than in China. There is, of course, at the commencement of a Missionary's career in China, a longer period of delay in acquiring the language than elsewhere. A person of quick perception, retentive memory, and habits of method and analysis, may in one year, with good health, begin to feel some satisfactory and encouraging indications of his speedy progress toward eminent usefulness. Never, again, were there so many proofs, as at the present time, of the willing, attentive ear, on the part of the Chinese. The places of public worship for Natives, in connexion with the Protestant Missions at Hong Kong, are always full of Chinese hearers; and we believe the in- struction conveyed may be in the soil dormant for a time, but will not be wholly fruitless.
Instruments, however, are only responsible for the use of their talents, whether one or ten-the singleness of their aim- and not for the measure of success. Results it is our happy privilege to leave in the hand of Infinite Wisdom and Love, assured that, Isaiah lvi. 10, 11.
I remain, &c.
(Signed)
GEORGE SMITH.
REV. DR. BRIDGMAN TO REV. G. SMITH.
MY DEAR Brother,
Hong Kong, March 17, 1845.
IN returning the Letter you so kindly placed in my hands, and knowing from experience how good it is to have the countenance of Christian friends, however humble, I feel that I should be wanting in my duty, as a Missionary, did I forbear to express to you the feelings inspired by its repeated perusal. Having one Lord, one faith, one bap- tism, one God and Father, our best endeavours are required
me.
15
to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace; for I cannot tell there is one body, and one Spirit, NOT TWO. you, dear Brother, how much pleasure your letter has afforded It has touched and animated the best feelings of my heart; and I feel bound to say, and without any reserve, that I most heartily concur in its whole tenor and spirit. Thou- sands and thousands of labourers are needed in a field so vast, and I cordially unite with you in praying the Lord of the harvest to send forth more labourers; and if a word to your Brethren in the Churches at home, from one who has been more than fifteen years in this field, can be of any The fields are already avail, say, Come over, and help us. white; Come over, and help us. Accept my best thanks for the Letter, and believe me, &c.
(Signed.)
E. V. BRIDGMAN.
The following very important document, giving tolera- tion to the Chinese to profess Christianity, and sanctioning Missionary labour in the five Consular Ports, was transmitted to the Committee by the Rev. G. SMITH.
Ke-Ying, High Imperial Commissioner and Governor General of the Two Kwang, respectfully addresses the throne for the purpose of presenting a Memorial. He finds on exa- mination that the religion of the Lord of Heaven is that which all the Western nations adore and receive, that its object is principally is to admonish to good, and to condemn evil : that, therefore, from the time when it was introduced into China, during the previous Ming dynasty, it had hitherto not been prohibited; that subsequently because some of these Chinese who practised the religion, took advantage of that religion to do wickedly, even to the seducing and defiling of men's wives and daughters, and the using a cheat to take out the pupils of sick men's eyes; the Government did then search out and punish them, of which there is record, that in the reign of the Kea King, a special clause was for the first time laid
16
down, separately providing for the punishment thereof, and that therefore the prohibition was originally directed against those Chinese, who made a pretext of the religion to do evil, but it was by no means directed at that religion worshipped and received by all the Western nations. Now the request of the French Commissioner La Grené regarding the point, that those Chinese who practise this religion and do well, be exempted from criminality, seems as if it could be carried into effect. He must therefore request that as regards all who hereafter learn and practise the religion of the Lord of Heaven, no matter whether they be central or outside people, and who do not cause disturbances or do wickedly, he may respectfully crave the Celestial favour, permitting to and conferring on them an exemption from criminality; and should there be any seducing or defiling of men's wives and daughters, or using of craft to take out the pupils of sick men's eyes, or any other crimes, otherwise offending the laws, they shall, as before, be punished according to the established laws. With respect to those individuals of the French and all other Western nations, who practise the religion, let them accordingly be permitted to build halls for worship at the five ports of commercial intercourse, and they must not presume to enter into the Inner land to dis- seminate that religion. Should they act in opposition to, or turn their backs upon, the treaties, overstep the boundaries, and act irregularly, the local officers will, as soon as they seize them forthwith, send them to the Consuls of the several nations to restrain and punish them: but death must not be inflicted on the spot, in order to evince a cherishing and kind disposition. Thus peradventure the good and the vile will not be intermixed, and the laws of kindness will mani- fest their equitable course. This request regarding those who practise the religion and do well, being exempted from pun- ishment, it is his duty to present it to the throne in a respect- ful Memorial, and he humbly craves His Imperial Majesty graciously to assent and grant that it may be carried into effect.
A respectful Memorial.
T. C. JOHNS, Printer, Wine Office Court, Fleet Street.
F
Si.
1813 HongKors of Pall Mall 287 12th Sept 1846
C.C.
GRP.14 1946
יד
In reply to your
letter of
the 4.4
the
Instant, Sam desired to state, for
information
of
Earl Grey, that the
Society for the Propagation of the Cospel having devoted such of its
Resources
as
were available, to aid
the endowment of
а
Bishoprie in
China, is unable to assist any
Measures
for the support of Schools
at Hong Kong.
A is probable that the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
have
directed its attention to
Rev
May that object. The Secretary, the Raw F. B. Murray, by Lincolns In Fields, would be able to furnish
Airy informations
which
you
i
Trea
:
night with for with respect to the plans of that Society. I have the honour lobe Li
Your obedient Servant
G.Hagen
B. Huves & Fr M.R.
1830 Hongkong
RECE
EL
298
Wesleyan Mipion House
Instipsgate Preel Within,
Jeptember 16th 1846.
Fir.
I have embraced the
carliest opportimity of submitting, to the Wesleyour Mussion cry
Committee
your
letter
4th instant, conveying
of
llie-
verging the request
Add this to the other answers.
of
the Right Stonourable
the
Earl Grey to be informed, whether
the Wesleyou Feriely have taken,
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the
Colony of Hongkong, - and Fam
most respectfully to
convey
to It's Lordship the information that although the Committee home repeatedly had the claime
of Chince urged upon their attention, they regret that they
have been prevented by the
state of
the Sexiety's Funds
arranging to
from
employ any description
of agency either within the Chinese
Empire,
or in the Autish Colony of-
Hongkong.
I have the honour to remain,
Fir
Your obedient Servant
John Beecham
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Joseph Angur
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24 Sefer Mr. Hundek add in to the dire
As
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October 1848.
1210 Hory Hong-
RECEIVED
OCT. 9 1846
Mission House,
Blomfield Sheet -
94 October 1846.
Sir :
I regret that I have beens
unable, from the want of precise
information, to give ans earlier reply to the inquiry of Carl Grey, which
you
in
did
yours
mes the honour to forward
communication of the 8th ulto
us to the present operations or future
prospects of the London Missionary Society for the promotion of Ceducation James Stephen Esz
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302
in the Island of Hong Kong
From the Rev Dr. Leggel, one of the Agents of the Londons Missionary Society in that Colony, who is now in this Country buit
shortly intending to return thithers)
I have received the enclosed brief.
statement; pom which you will
learn that the present Educational
- Institutions of the Society are limited
and in no respects adapted to
General purposes.
But Dr Legge, together with his Colleagues in Hong Kong, in
accordance with the wishes of the Directors of the Society will be happy
to exert
any
influences they may
possess, by their knowledges of thes
languages aro
503 otherwise, in promoting
the benevolent designs of the Government
for the advancement of Education: shoulds Carl Grey honows
and
Dr. Legge
or the Officers of the Society
withs ans interview, they would bez happy to communicate all additional
information in their power.
I have the honours to be,
Sure,
On behalf of the Directors of The Londow Missionary Society
Yours most obedient Servant
Arthur Kidman, Sieß
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10th Oct Mor Elawes. J.
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29.
October 1046.
I am aciccted by Ceul Grey
to actumlede the receipt Letter of the 9
of your
7
list?
force ar sting some banations From the Rew. I Logge the subject of the blank of Honey
of Edeccation in
Kong.
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his thanks for
this communication, and to
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to the Officen
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1210 4. kny.
305
a Communications pom the
Revd Dr. Legge to the Secretary of the London- Missionary Society, on the subject of Education in Hong Kong
мир
Owx Our present Educational Institutions in Hong Kong consist of the Theological Seminary of the London Missionary Society for China. Its object
as
is the training of Chinese Converts to Christianity,
to qualify them to be Evangelists among theip Countrymen.
so
Connected with the Seminary and subsidiary to it, is as Bourding School containing at present twenty pupils, whose number I hope to see soon increased
to fifty
I concludes the benevolent intentions of this Government cannot be accomplished by means of either of these Institutions of our Society as they ares Bumarily and specifically religious.
оноо оно
more
But supposing the Government to institute
Educational Establishments in Abong. Hong, I think its intensions may be effectually
- furthered by the Agents of our Society
It would
(
be
w real source of happiness
11
Adu
T'ord
Offi
Ord
10
to my self and others
-
dence
jot
to assist in the superinten. such Establishments and to furnish
all the aids to theirs successful conduct, which
oux disposal
ours experiences and knowledge might places at
Oux Missionaries would be happy to co-operates generally with the Committees of these Institutione, and also statedly to visit them, and report the progress of Education in them.
As to the plans by which Government could best effect its intentions, I suggested to
Six Johns & Davis before I left China that
ар :large Free School should in established for the
be Chinese in Hong Kong,
ашоо
on the same principles
which are observed in many sucks Institutions in
possessions in the East. Those in Singapore and Anang
Rinang were
were particularly referred to_ They
are
supported and managed by the Government in connection with the European Merchants and other residents on
the spot, and their success has
been very gratifying
In connections with this Free School I suggested that there should be during the first
years of its existence, Closses of of superior character under talented Masters for completing the Educations of promising pupils, that they might be qualified
Interpreters, Clecks and in other responsible These Classes might in timme merges
to act as
situations
егр
an
306 Institution of us higher order and Collegiate
pretensions.
ز
{
There would not I apprehend, be found much. clifficulty in procuring Masters and Tutors sufficiently qualified both by their attainments in general knowledge and in Chinese to conduct such an
Establishment it suitable inducements in the
way of remuneration were held forth by Government. The Chinese is a languages demanding much labour and expenses in its acquisitions; anof Merchants would be ready to pay very Aberally for the services of gentlemens competent to speak and write it with ease and correctness.
There
would be in the first place a considerat
outlay required on the part of Government for
· buildings, but the expense of Masters subsequently would probably come below £1500 Annually.
ано
It would be a
noble undertaking for the British Government to found in Gong Kong Institutions from which the light of Science would shine into the Empire of Chinas The Expenditure would be more than repaid by the services of well trained and Capable Native Interpreters, Clerks &; while the impression made upon the Chinese
impression that would gradually increase and extend - with regued to. the English Nations and character, would be of the most favorable nature, and prove productives
аю
of
aid
For
Of
Or
r
:
of very beneficial results to Both Countries.
A
I believe I suggested also
io Ser John & Davis whether there might not be connected with such. an Institution wrrangements for instructing English Students in the Chinese languages - an object which I am happy to see is beginning to be justly appreciated.
1424. Huy động
RECEIVED
D.
NOV 9 1846
Youse
337
t
Stanfield Three 6 Normber 1846.
regret that
mey
town has presented
abance from lown ha
to your favor
an-eartion retly to of the 27th Wick= Fr Legge
де
&
is at
Mesent
in Scotland, where he will Remain
Will the beginning of
but
on
December
his delirn, he will not
foil 6 lathe the carlish offhealing
جا
M.
Lames esp Ph. P.
D
Trea
ΟΙ
Sant
of living you on the subject of Sucation in Mony Rong
I have the honor & be,
a
shedreich
our Moth Obedrent servant
Kther Disman
3
T
308
bance
Trea
- །
:
my
309
Miscelen Offices
Miscel
Offices
:
}
Trea
B
Miscel'. Offices
:
RECEIVEL
JAN.22
1046
111 Hongkong
310
General Post Office,
21th January, 1846.
I have submitted to the
Postmaster General your letter of the 2nd Sustant, enclosing copy of a
Copy to Soxcon
Сори
3. January
rill 23
1846
79.
despatch from the Governor of stony
tong, relative to the uasion
by
the opium defpers of that Colony of Lous
the Lans regarding the convegan
and
of Mails by Reading Arpels, his Ladship, having taken the opinion of the Solicitor of this Department as to the Law on the bufjest, directs me to hranomit. for the information of Mr. Gladstone. the enclosed Copy of it, - by which James Stephen Toys
Le
Le
Le
Colonial Office.
Treasury
5
311
awar
it will be seen that he is not an
of any Act of Paction the master of a British Pepel inn a Foreign Port can be compelled to
liament by which
receive on
bourd
Bay of Letters for
not
Conveyance to another Port, whether
the Colonies
His Lordship further directs
me to state that, it is evident to him that while it is so much the interest of the Owners of these lepils not to conving trails, it mits te difficult, if not inhosible, to
enactment which they
frame and
would not find the means evading ;- they might, for mista
start their Vapets from Macar instead of pom Hongkong:
his
and his Lodchip fears, therefore, effectual mease
that no
be adopted for putting a stop to the inconvenience represented by the Governor of bangkang.
I have the honor lobe,
Sir,
Jour obedient
humble tenant
}
hulll Hongkong
312
Treasury
Ia 22
Sy
22 Ja. H. Lord Systellin
7
Cer
presume that this must
nicated to the for
of
I know of no bet Parliament by which this British Vessel
Master of a
OL.
Foreign
Port can be
Compelled to receive on board
Ar..
ling of Letters for Conveyance
to another fort
fort whether
the Colom's or not.
hết.
in
By the 384 têt : C.gb.
Sec. 36
#
every
Master of
a
refsel Andered bound whi
lesine the jist Section declares Shall include tessels bound
from any port witter Majesté.
Co lowes) is required to receive. hourd his Vessel avery.
17
Post Letter Bay tinctored to him for conveyances and
diliver
है
deliver it on his arrival at the port or piace, of his clestina = - bin without oblox - of the chose
to take such a
Back
Penalty.
200 is incurred under the
my Section of the Hatet; and
if he do not ducy deliverbuch
Ba
deely
with its contents on
arrival ui test without
a
his
voidable
wilful or man
delay, 6. Sie Penalty of £20.
En..
is incurred under the 1.o Vict.
036. Sel.
Ja
local enactment
beat
be much to prevent tepeis leaving Hong Kong
obtaining
Bl
without
Port clearanc
maning a declaration
aurd man
arc
of the Forts to which they a
about to proceed, it might mavie the Poot Affice to forward Bays effatters to such Ports.
As to Lillers brough to
Hong
313
Hong Kong by Private Skifer the regulations contained in the 36 Sect" of the 381, Vict. едв Cgb as to the bonding of Letters from tessels inward bound apply to Vessels Couns
other Her
to Hong thing Majesty's Colonies - But the lutter port of this Section authorizing the Posturaster Gerical to appoint persons
to demand Letters from Masters of tessels does not
at present extend to the Colonies _ It might, howeve;
be extended to them bu
کے
Treasury Warrant under
the 788 Pict: C49.
should it be deemed
advisabi
(Signes) MSS. Facet
13th Form 1848
&
anc
+
Trosi
E
The Generators of the Solicitor Coey of the Opini
C.O.
314
196 Honghong
FEB. 4
The Secretary of Stands and caves presents his complement- to ir Rephin and requests that to will have the goodness cause the accompanguins oficiai Litter addrested to S. 4. Saime Exc.
Chief Justice at Mery Kons
n
to be forwarded with the overweigh destalcher. & In dept..
Stamps and axes
2nd Ferruary 1845.
000 Houstong
315
VR 28 176
43.1 May
Afpie
Smerel Sul
27th April we
From directed be the
an
tmaster Goural
For you,
by
to
hansmit
for the information of
By Gladstone, Copy of
Lester
107354. dated the 25th. Instant, which
been addressed to Mitgland Deputy Posturaster of Hong
B
Enz
in
consequence of taxt Officer having reported that be had sucived directions from the Governor to give mucipto all Letters addressed to Her Majung Cervica Sour the nomer to be,
Saphen Con
Colonial Affecd=
て
Your
поло
mumble
<
Tro
Indoor Shing
Jeneral But Offers
23rd April 1846
Baning My Postmaster General your
submitted to the
س کی
Puyss to
26th Febniny
last.
Jan
His Lordships to
letter
enforme
it is allasether contrary
of this Department--
مکن
ہے۔
of
316
the
directed
that
to the practice
receipti
through the Port.
letters sent throughe
and his Lerdolichen
that such a late
will in
محمد سے
a
e
while it
conduce to th
correspondence (ant
Sunles
security of the corespond
indeed the entire spole
this country.
country with reopen
pursued in this
vol
}
bectoma
Bonghang
一
1
י
+
!
317
to Registered better
letters, and in hich would
be abjectionable, is adopted will
Z
کے
the Pay
retard
lord the business if Office at Hang Barry
bis Lordships the
: c
meets me
tate, that he feels it his duty
to obgood to
by the
lovers
in
Car
the Celonial Secretary and consequently
willy make
cation
2
que
محرز
respectful
to the
th
effect
effect
to His Cauttency placing
hands a copy of
this Letter.
Should accept homever still be
required
quired to be
77
given
used on her -
addressed
abe dier
f
you will guild abe
all comm
will
acations
ކ
have
to the
Commands.
:
commands
in such
well
of
casc
His Excellence
bare
bent
the Postmaster General
tted to subsint the
fuel compelled
question
the
dee
a
of the
گا
with a view
Prgentys Treasury with
stop to a practice
to
which will render it
Department in
in
proper
Na
22
عله
the busi
impossible
the
1 off cent
(aquest) did Weberty
∞
pracio
1
ཞག ས
-------་
веру
Lent Cal Maberly
to
to
کرکے موت ک کی چاہ میں
Ryland leg
23. April was
می
:
buet
Tre
28bfuil Land byttelin
I presume that this sh? be communicated
to the Zed. für bir sehremation?
I Dr., however, notice to the Puntury this senesed sistance of the inconvenience of offears being made to any pesuelo. of W. Mit hornit against the order of
a.
Her, of a bolong without an iclimation being
at the same time made to thee God. Than
such AL
Appeal was about to be
L
transmitted - the topic is, indend, too trile to be of much use. Yet on sach occasions the Prolist ought, as it seems
تھا
sach narning
ap. 29
Mrg.ap
Jaeger enterity pre ap 29
to be
me; renewed?
738
:
End
Joue
B
Hi SchnDains M
200 Amy Kiny
43
319
*
L
众
+
1846
Homurded by 17 Mundoch 30 #Stephen 30
La Hallellen
"Sza Gladstone |
27 April 10146
Entirel
узгать
May
1
5 May 1946
LeColonel Maberly.
Lewitt, former
Copy
formation, the Cosgehen
a Letter from the Semiting
ん
Lotte Post-Master Jul
Sucking
being the Copy ope
вердже
Letter and drepist bestin
of the lepers Inst Muster
Спедити
ößtengkung, in
of that Officer Lewing reported that he hide Received_directions prom
the free to five Uüichtsfer all Letters led dufed "O2_Ster Majesty's Sunice
Candicetive
Ar
}
Tri
M. Serretury Gladstone bachnorhelge the wipt Jim Letter of the 27.
Puntant euching
Me
to
場
geketter addressed to
Mrtyland, the deputy. Post Muster of stray kong in Congerence this being reprited to the Post-Martin Gural that he had received drriching pone the fovemen
topine wicht, foell",
Letters add
addreford
"Mujer Z Suvrie
I am
い
Wagnert you
bitte both Post Michi
Gevent that Par fladatio hes Communeatest a Copyogen Letter &epit Incline to his Shu Devis for his informations in Luts, Tematthe
met the some times to pomits out the non-
vemence yappeals
ван
being made to any
Dept
320
Department of Misen!
bearmint these Order
воленной для выво
nitat
quan
intimation
heing made & the Joven
at the Some him.
that muchan Appel
was about to be hom
mitted.
J
:
・
Tr
問
of i
to 84 / Trak 23 May ₤46.
Vicle to Perans & trente M
Trade
Copy to you: 15-29 any
15 Aug: 146.
246.
To
So the Right
حمة
أمد
RECEIVED
MAY. 18 1846
321
957 (China) Hong Kong
Peninsula & Crinital Stam Sangaton by
London 15th
t
May B.....
have
By order of the Directors of the Peninsular Orintal Stare Naingaton Company. I hand the honor to referetunt to you that, they have vocitly purchased and despatched to the part of Hong Kong a large ship called the "Fredrick 6" for the puspace of Serving as a flocking coal store for the Companys Stran Vesuls employed under contract with the Government,
in the
"
conveyance of the public mails and despatches between the County and China. This Ships,
this althoughs British built, having beew the fourporty of Danish subjects is deferived as regards brading Jumpaves, of the privileges of a
Honourable
W. E. Gladstone
1 a British. Vessel by British Wessel by
the
-Colonial Office
7
322
Tr
ation -Saws, and the Directors
are
Navigation
informed
that it is probable that some difficulties may
at
be raised
by the local-authorities of Hong Kong, to the Vessel
being admitted at that Sort with ageantity of coals and ships stores which she has on board
-for-
the
Company's Services, and which are
Service, and which an the Company property
request that request
to
The Directors therefore repectfully
you. would be pleasect to duect such instruck
You
Authorities
begins to the Authaidas at Hong Kong as may
obviat
the apprehended importiments to the vessel being permitted to enter and remain at the port of Hong
Kong as a floating there for facilitating
referred to.
"
I have the honn to be
Sev
the Service
Your Obechent Kuruble Societ
Strictory
PL
The coals and ship stores alluded to are not to be landed at Stong Kong a elsewhere but mewly intended to be transfered from the Hulk to the Companys Stecomers fa consumption
board..
over..
....
Tre
me list the B? of hade she be convullend work. 14 many
atured
957 Chini J. G. P. Lefevre Pay Sin
1846
orreurded by MAY.
WR Mundoch. 2;
Stephen 2 Lon!!telien 21
Esso Cadstone
что
Und . 2 July 1846
323
23 May 20416.
Lundirected
Lee! Gladstone Blansmit
logan hemith, for the
consideration of
the Committe
of the
the Rord
Q C
for Freede, the Copy of a
letter from the Peninsular and Oriental S. M. Co
thus reasons for
stating
some objection,
apprchending some
at St Song Wallowingar Danish Vefoil punchand Coal Shulk to
Sthen.
them as a
that
lie in the Sm bom there, andrequesting Instructions maghe
tobviate angouch
given
1
objection. Before coming
Bang
decision on this
application MiGladstone
is
anxious wobtain the opinion of the Lords of ter
}
Tr
respecting it. and dann according brequest you
tomove them
у
lostate whether.
My are any legal or other objection
with it.
Wa
We con
fleance.
Range
PLOS. N. 0.957. §
1588 Hongkong Bophase 1676)
hin J. J. Dairs Bart
1846
Forwarded by AcG?
15B Murdoch 27
#S! phen
Farwes
27
Earl Grey
29
15 May 1845
(9571
Ser
بوک
324
29 Aug. 1846.
Itrausunt to you,
herewith, a copy of a
letter
from the seer to the Pand 0.
team h
navigation
tion Co
stating their reasons
apprehending some
for
objection,
being raised by the Local Authorities of Hongthong
а
to
Dansch befel,
allowing (purchased byther
Huck for
them as an
Stores and Coals)
to be in the Harbour of
Victoria - And
- and requesting
that instructions
maybe
issued by 4th. Foot to
oborate such
objections -
Having referred this
:
1
1146 Hong
Kong .
J
ance
question for the conside of the Lord of the Commutte JO. C. for Frade, I perlou t
shut
for your informative and
sundance, a copy of the струдека
auswer which has beew
received from ht Leferre
upon the subject -
subject and,
In accordance with the
Opinion there in 4x presed,
I have to desire that you
will take the
necepary
the
steps for securing to that
in question vessel a m
^
mooring
in
the harbon of thing thing.
Hongkong
Thave hay
2 July 1846
(1676)
16 June 146.
Vide Freas: letter 7 July 1846.
2
( 1328/
мно
رناک
3.0
JUNE 10
1846
Gracial Portoffice.
325
9th June 18416
The Postmaster of Houghong
in
reported to this Department,
letter dated the 27 March last,
My a
recent order
the Governor "
of the
correspondence from England, ching Hongkong
prostion
in the Marseilles.
tion of the mail, is schocied before the portion despatched via Southampton, and, considering
such a proceeding high's objectionable,
as it
strenders necessary,
sary tive sortie
sortings
ofthe same mail, the Poshmaster General has fell it his duty to your
James Stephen bezie
I
ке
Colonial office
instructions
t
H
Tr
ce
instructions to the Postmaster to
descontine this practice, and I
are
durcited
tracionect to
by
His Lordships to
toyou, for the information
of Secretary Gladstone, copy of
my letter to me Hyland
my
Hyland upon
this subject
Jam,
Lii,
obedient
your
humble servant
1
i
326
H
¿
+
Tre
nce
Copy
In 1146. H. Kong
GREATES
3x210
327
246
9.
And d 16 Juney.
that bu
Orneral Post office.
4th June 1846.
rachung Houghing
the correspondence from England,
recent order of the Yoxanor
March last, in which you state,
With exference to your report of the
the Marseiller
considers such a procedning, mooting directed to acqucrint you, that his lordships
despatched via southampton, I am Portion of the Mail is delivered before that
ваше
discontinue this practice; and you therefore desires that you coill at once highly objectionable and this Lordslaps as it does two sortings of the
J. Hylandly
K
Vectoria Houghing
will
explain
по притв
í
I w. answer that Ed. Gladdine has no informations on the subject from thie Gors - that in presumes that thi Gov. made such order it was on some ground affeand to himself weighty & sufficient - that this may, perhaps, therefore be ricturated & insisted
ہرتے
uzzy
مت
ત્ર
notwithstanding time working dinctions of the Post mashigend. - that in the absence of any short from the jer it is imposible for det Gladston
as to what
:a that
to form any decided opinion course ought to be taken
Uus & all similar
4. be obviated
of
Ihn Officer
this P. P. Jul. Lad o
afferize the far before
of his intention,
M
oflin
and
ཀཊྚབ
воров ходит
az
of his the for's acts: becuase, in dunt case this Gart
defence & this complaint will reach this Counting simaltiniously _ but that the pequent right intention quists, to address
such representations to the P. de. Gel.
mishary ente
this
Colonies is a source of in
sin many different
= convencence &
the it rests not with the bees of state but with the door P.M. Gud.
45 obviali.
Service
to di Public
bij
mnay //
Jun 11
H
T
!
I
Tr
bntered
1146 A.Kory
328
explain for his Lordship's information,
jobs did not report this corcumstance my you
amediately upon
the recept of the
order from the Governor, unstead of introducing to important a matin
a
Incidentatly in a
separate subject :
Jam
report upon a
seguind
Wtraberly
Molonel Maberly
1846
Forwarded by MR/doch 12 MEStephen 12 Lord Lyllelion 13
SEC Gludsime 13
Gladstone
6.
16. June 1946.
me
AM
helter
of the 6 Instant crebring
a copy of the instructing
baddrefed of the Postudenten Viale Seas tettere 7 July 2016 Gement to the Put Mich
(1328)
Copy to
1846
ނ
at St. time to discontine
the fractive, which hudhen Adoptive in Conseprene
the Jovernor,
Onder
y
of deliving the Cinesponder from byland reaching It try in the Mercille,
hefre
portion ofther Mil besme
人
that despatitid sin
Southampton -
14.
F
11
McGladstone devictims Dapurt that you wonde
wit
info the Int. Mentio
Geneal that he hanno
information on the spit Si Waderie - that
# Pro
Lepres
Henr
that of the
Order it was on.
Lo
.. އށ
с
frous hiet appeared
って
Bhommilf weighly unl
Iufficient I that the Order
any portese, the que, he
Milinted and insist t
nobirths tending the
buntary
directions qu
Post-Master feel.
Sam to add the in the
abrence
даму
Report from
the foverer it is
popable
for MiGladstone & form Any decided quinin as watch comme ought
है
I
I
329 to be taken, and that this and all- diiniler
Inconvenience, would be obinture if the Officer of the Post destur ferente B. apping, the fovener & his intention, wrögten
as much an intention
the
list, & address ang and Representation to the OMG. Apmit any of Loumons, actor. - helense in that lase the forening
& would acquant Lovemors, acts:
with the pur-
post- of such repre-
ри-
sentation
defence
and the Ampling
bould reach the
Country Smiltenes.
Inquent right of
this rule in
mary
Affinent Colonies ise source of iconnenince
уже
And delay othe Publis. Sunce, which it rest,
not with the S. y thite
1+
!
Tro
ce
but with the P.M. S.
babait.
Jamis
1
Mephen Reg plonial Office.
A 652 PA
40
h
Siv
RECEIVED
JULY 3 1846
330
1309 Hongkong
Tamps and Taxes Somerset House
Did Jeetry 18469. 2nd
July
Application having been made by the
Commissioners of this Revenue to Mt. J. W. Hulme who holds the Office of Judge at Hougtong for payment of an
Tax a letter has beew received pom him
anr of Income Taxe, a letter.
arrear
ш
is reply referring the Board to his Bankers for the amount inthout however stating who they are. Thave therefore
to request that you will the Board the names
be so
beso
le so good as to communicate to
good
a
of Mr. Hulu's Bankers if they are
known at the Colonial Office.
Jam,
Your obediant Sawant bhadeft
And ? 14-
Tro
331
Charles Pressly Eng Office of Stamp & Taxes
14 7 July 1886.
laid before
Si
Forwarded by
M.
of the
Having Grez and
your
of
Smith 10 July 186. Earl Grey
W Stephew
WHawes
Earl Grey
ضا
10
す
letter
the 2nd instant,
I am directed to
t
will
state to the Com
missioners of Stamps
and Jaxes that his Lordship finds upon
enging that Mr. виде Hulme '`s Banker are
Mest Childs, Fleet
Messrs
1
H
2
Tr
ܐ܆
Perhaps
I had
h. Fumite may be able to
int wer
this question.
tion with M. Gulme
for the propose of receiving payment of the
fus
sup
payment
apon
Was
my
appoint.
moné
but the
effected in cash. I did not
thereson, become info
banker
ونه
Lo
of July.
Perhaps some one can tell who Anton's connections in this Consult
On 28 maglast a letter was cefeous Mr Hulme datet "Thistle
grove, Brompton" _Rodoubt.
The would be able to tile the
have of Metalucer
Banker. Mol. 7 Jou
W. Smith will
be able to make
Hi sugeing
Childr
hire
the
sy
の
his
Ans th 15 Aug: 10416.
Benjamin
"
"
1588 Hongkong
RECE!!
C.0.
AUG 10
332
Peninsular & Oriental Stam Navigation C
Sondow 5 August 1846
On the 15th.
the
May lost; I had the honor
the Directors of 4 Oriental Steam Navigation
4
- to address by order of Peninsulav & Oriental
Company.
copy,
و
Q
a
letter of which the annacect is to 4. the Cats. Right Honorable. Sie
-the Colonies._
"State for
any reply respectfully
Leentary
Not having been favored with
Som now directed.
to the same. I am
to call
your.
attention to it, and.
to request the favor of being informed whither
communication thereon has been made
arry to
Rong...
the local authorities at Hong Kon
Hawes by Saw M.P.
fo
Le
Colonial Office
I have the honor to be
Su
44
Your obedient, humble Sewant
bb Howell
for the Secretary
Tre
aces
3
یک به
P.and 08.
And 0.8.2.C. 1588 H Koryg
N: Nowelly Sie
1346
Forwarded by AUGT
L
Mundock 13 H&Steinen
MBHawes
Earl Grey
333
15 Aug: 1006.
Samedisited
lallgers
Backnowledge
the receipt of gouletin of the 8th. molt requesting
the Beucusular
on behalf of the
& Oriental S. St. Co bo be
informed
W
hether
kai
Com
has been
icaleins
made to the Godth of Along
on the
the su
h
4.
Fathe
&
that
flagment in somfang Danish Vesel
in the Harbour of
Blong a
Jue
ледата
Coal
uruelove et
Halk. Your
the same time the fig f
there feet
a letter on
Adder ped to Mella detone
the. 15. Mag.
Esch dam wiesen you that MeGladstone
appears
Whave considered
ihnee
ace
reps
in
before taking
the matterto
consult the Lordo
7
thev
Committee for hede, and Le according hansmitted aloty of the letter from thes
Ce to their dorshipe
the
время,
It does not appear,
280 mag.
жад however, Malang
ед
al
has because esived from their
Lordships and Lordgung
hasareading recollertheim
attention to the da
fect.
With ufus 5.
1
refere
Stephen's letting 28 Maz
вые валізу
A
J. Gl. Leferral
belle from
the Remnanter. XOriental
L.M. So F. N. Co
ava
relative to the Employment
a foal Hulk in the Harbou
va
of Ft Sony, of a Danich bekel
15 Aug: 1046.
Ride Soft : 2 July 1846
19481,
:
334
purpose
purchased for that perfor Samediated
to request that
you would recal the attention of the Lords of the Committee. For hade Whis sulgeat, the Companghaing
again applied to their Dept to be informed of the decision of Bussod! upon its.
пере
and
*1
Entert
B.RT. 16768 Akong
Pand 6. S.M. Co. 1588.
C. H. Howell Exque
ん
Sir
335
29 And W46
With
reference
to
ney
1846
Forwarded by AUG!
letter
of the
15 the distant,
15the I
15. Mundoch 277
BESTophien
MEHawes
27
Earl Grey
Key to
am directed by Earl Go
state to you, for the informat of
the Pant and Oriental S..
Ce that, H. M. Gout. see no
reason to
object
emplopment in
、
to the
the Harban
of Hongkong of a Danish bessel purchased
as a
Coal Hulk for the Coś Steam vessels employed
under Contract with H.
k Govt. for the convegance
off
the mails between that
Colony, and China.
J
1
Tr
I am to add that Lond
Jeey,
In
compliance with
Your request, has desired
then d. Davis to issue such
histructions, as will oberate
buy difficulties, which
by the Local Authoriti
might be lacked to the
dmission of
八
that
question into
vessel with the Harbour
of Hongkong.
Shavet
170 15-29 Aing : 1046
o
Sir
Sin
Copy
Veninsular &
In 1508 Hongthong 336
RE
AUG 10
3845
Semisetas + Oriental Sham Navigation Company
Londow 15th May 1846
order of the Directors of the Peninsular and Orinta! Steam Nangation Company I have the hover to represent to you that they have recently purebans and drepatched to the Port of Hong
Houg
a.
to
large ship called the Frederick 6th for the
purposes of serving
as a
floating coal store fa
Seam Vesul
the
with the Government, in the comezan er of the
employed under contract
public mails and despatches between this Country
and Churios . This ship although British built,
British built, having. been the property of Danish subjects is deprived
as regards trading purposes of the privileges of a British Wesal by the Navigation
the Navigation laws, and the
Directors are informent that it is probable beat some difficulties may
H
the Right Honnable
W & Gladetove
Xc.
Ка
L
Colonial office
be raised by the local authouties at to the Wessel being admitted at that
being
i
Port with a quantity of
coals and ships stores which
the has ow boord for the Company are the Company's property
service, and which
The Director therefore respect
would be pleased to direct such
-
instructions to be given to the Authorities at
request that you
Antonations to be
Kong as may
Wessel
Hong
obviate the opprehended impediments
to the Cosel being permited to enter and remain at the Port of Rong Kong as a floating
facilitating
the service
referred to.
store
for
I have the brown to be
Your
our most Obedient Servant
Higues) Hilton
Sey
not be
The cool and ships stores alluded to are neve
dr
elsewhere, but are intende
to be transfered from the Hulk to the Company
be landed at Hong Kong
Steamers for consumptione
board...
ого
337
!
Tr
01
16 Aug. 1846.
A copy of
letter
the Comm nucation referred to in
was forwarded to the 18?
my
of Trade. on 23 May
from
the Li
Mat
last - No answer has yet been ree?!
Med he area tot
that shed be
scaled enter
Rafely?
BH
Irade on the subp
Арген
writer should be informed
11. by Dagen - Bruce the
Strad
birk
A
Sir
1040
30
1874
RECEIVED
SEP.23
1846
Alor
338
eneral Post-Office
General
232 Schlenber 1846
I have the hover to transmit
the imprimates
lo
you, for вору Grey, Copy of
tim
Earl
a
letter peceived this
ha
day for the Prohnisher
King, reporting the depa
ture
for
Givener of that Colony the writte
ex
and the total wreck of Companio scamor "I buto
Honorable
the
humer to be
south east part of Hing they
I have
have the
ames Stethen Ery
12
Colonial Office
Sir
bedien
humble ciran
?
Tr
2
}
I
вору
RECEIVED
SEP 23
46
މ
339
In 1874 Hongkong
Post Office, Victoria.
8 Jerly 1846.
Sir
In
accordance with the 56th article
of the General Instructions furnished for unach
quidance in which I am directed to report any
which
may
take place in
packcirlar
the Colony.
int Colond Maberlys.
J
I have the house to infoun
That
you
His Excellency the Governor, left for Chusan on the
2nd inclount, in The Majesty's Steam Frigate Wutheri
to deliver.
пер
that Island to the Chinese Authorities
in towns of the Treaty . It.
C
is recrnoured that Stis
مند
Excellency will lekenise visit Sapan, with the
The extension.
Luarter.
crew to
of British Commerce in that
Tregut
to have to report
the wreck of
Plecto.
the Horthy Company's Steam Ship "Pluto,
this port on the 26th arthine, to joire
set the left
the Canne ander
in Chief in the expedition agound Bones . Oce the
на
-
29th she encountered a Syplerov, and was rendered
nearly helpless,
and in a gain brying to make this
-Port
Port
was driven
sonie rocks.
Chuckpy Wan, at the South East part of this
Island, where she
lies
total wreck,
OL
340
mearly so
You obeduirt,
I have the hown to be
ich farthful Sevent
(Liquid)
Thomas Hyland.
Postmaster
27 pes. Dr. Hawes
the
23 Life
5.25/
1
341
!
Apiny 466
Sir,
521 Hongkong 10 Schos quere
A RECEIVED
APR 1
1846
342
нам
30th March 1846.
Being about to publish a mas
of the bland of Hong Kong (of which Loland there is at present no map ) Sbeg leave & ask if but secutury Gladstone with, for that purpose, allow me
to make use of
the Grographical Documents which are in the Estonial Office__ I buy to add that thane injoyed similar furmission
- veral former occasions
I have the honour to br
Sir
James, Stephen Exy=
on de
your Obedient Servant
John Krrowsmith
4. L. ab.
1 April
be assentad may
пцар
that this
Fed
521
When Arrowsmith
1846
Forvarded by 37/undo: 2 WEStephen 2
Lowd Lyttelton
Scudslime 3
4
Kong
343
بید
4 April 1846
I have laid before
Me Sematary Gladstone
Letter qtte 30th Falling in check you
wish to be allowed to
make use of the hope. phical Document in this Office in the prepertion of Mefy Sengkang whack you
L
About to publik.
the direct me
to inform yo
Answer,
that he has
much plane in acceding byan equat.
ہے
s
to
hane
344
I
1
:
Tre
hance
B
1548 trong không
C.0.
AUG 1 1846
My Lord.
345
Club.
before & Cambridge Aut
fily July 30th 1846
Thave the honour to call
your
I attention to the fact that the Legislation Council of the Cape of Good Hope have resolved upon a plan of proteical Reform which if appered of by the Home forenament will under the appointment of twos acoctional Puisse, Judges heupsary in that Colony,
Ivention to solicit
Cel:
Ant ? 13 August 1846
espry
And
to consider
on
of
hu as
t
an
your
Lndship
applicant for
the above hamed appointmenti at the same time they to lay the following circumstances befor your
Lendship under which thumbh intuit Jam entitled to the favourable. considnation of thee Majesty's forcament. In the
1843 Hift Bombay when
was establirhack in practice at the Har and went to Hongkong
μι
In the
hope of obtaining the Judicial apportant
Right Houmable Earl frey.
hance
which would obviously be made in theat new Colony. Kathy after my
then hamely
on
arrival
the 26th of August
Iwas appointed by bir themy Pottinger
Lecial Adviser to Government and
of
い
Clock
the Legislative Council which offices
I held until the 21th of June 1844. Dwring that time fourteen Ordinances
five for the
for the Colony and Majesty's Subjects
China wome
m
drafted:
by me and approved of and passed into Law of the Legislative Council Of those In the Colony a casual
lawer.
Glawer
to the
will enabl
that many of not have been
your
Lordship.
them could
dilazed wo
ed without gust
and
mischief and inconvenience those for Her Majestys Subjects in
The Chiria wen Believe inprecedentest and pusented perfectionable difficulter in their puporation. During the
abome time the whole Avil and авт
Gremenal Indicative of the Colony
>
ncloure 21.
eets in China
and of the Majestys subjects in which now corts uproards of £6000 for
Ангин
Annum was carried on under constant
and Sessions of the referever to m
།
hu and
Admiralty Count wen held for the conduct and excectness of whone procedings I was held responsible. Iwas abs appointed one of the Committer of four gentlemen to investigate the cleans of persons holding lands in Hongkong
under grants from Captain Ellott and Not fohurtom the apper report of which commette was affecond and adopted by fir thenry Pottingen The preparation of the Crown Leases
under which all the lands are
how held in thoughing also, devolved
deck upon me Its clech of the Legislation
Ира
Council I attended its sitting, and. recorded its proceedings
as well as
those of the Executive Council and Lordship to the enclouch
they to refer your
copy of hi thenny Pottinger's letter to Lord
!
nce
rad
Stanley for
his
opimine of the manner
in which Sperformed there various duties
Than the hmour to inclone also
-
copy of the answer to the above letter Inclorum 4° 2
as
relying upon its favorable tenor
thave hitherto been induced to hoper
that I should succeed in obtaining
ес
Ligal appointment on
of a bacancy
the occurrence
In the Colonies and
Iventing ropectfully to hope that
Andship will take the same
your
八八
"Javomathe view of my
Falso wish to submit to
claims.
your-
Ludship that
My
services as the
nclosure h=3
его
only English banister in thongling
of within some
If it wren
thousands of miles of singular advantage.
To the forermment
i
८
a new Colony
ul
and under the purentian encumstances
of
the can when it was so clesciable
to establish at the very outset the
аним
a
Liew
and
Regulations wonder which
system of
intercourse was
347
with so extrandinery
to be carried on
nation as the Chinese.
a
Shortly after the arrival of this Exulteney Kasis in Hongkong I was attacked
the John Dans m
of the lever then prevalent there and went
1
a
ten d
days
leave of absence to thacao
during my stay there Theard that
M= Shelly
Feneral and
was
to be appointed Auditor
Click of the Council, which
Л.
to be correct
orrect
wport d'aventained from higher Davis return to thoughing, that mimusten
on my
the
and the notification contained in enclosed copy of a letter from bie When Davies lift
in China and
h
hu
without employment
Ireturned to England
in the hope of obtaining it ebrechen. Imay be permitted to remach theat the expenses of my boyage from Bombay to Chain of my residence there and
theme to Encland
of boyage have been bank
my tank corend by the ten
a
mother salary at the rate of
里
ΟΙ
£800
Autun
which Thave recend
ри
anc
from Government so that unless you Lordship takes a paramabile view of my
claims to Employment Ishall have received to recompense for my series beyond my mere expenses
I have the known to be
My Lord.
Your Lordships humble Servant.
Richard Burgess
I
}
348
7
hance
بتن
3 august___
Her Hamer.
I
here
Judicial reform by the
that it has
み
you
the bulgul
that the Plan
be
Я в мае-
the I think that
weth
говорил
But for the presale, Iceffore, it may
be
brough
additi
kee. R
Arid be de 6 the beher
ט
вет
агу
dhead Hope
2. They
thest con
слу
الله
my
Con
those of other
$
Entered
a
B. 1548 H. Kong and Cape -
13
349
R. Bengeseder Sie B3 August 1840 Lave directed glut
1946
Forwarded by ANG?
W? March 11 MR Stephen
MBHawes
Earl Grey/2
fiez
wacknowledgethe
receipt of your leten of the
sollllino, vequesting
a favourable consideration
clairers on thei
of game Dept in the event of additional Reccone Judges being appointed at thi
Cape of Good Hope.
Freeph Santo infome
Sale
Le
that in the event of
ang such appointments taking place you
lains
with be causidued with
those of other Candidates.
the
alge
57
H
1
Tre
ΟΙ
hance
Thy loved
ܕܐ)
to
youn
In 1548. H. Kony.
350
SC Eaton Place Londo
January 14th 1945.
tham the honour to bring
Andships notice that hit
L
a
any
Bingas late Legal Advise to the Government of Hongkong Mr Mroman_ Acting Deperty Colonial Seentary and Captain Amsty Aid de comp to the Governor have not received salary subsequent to the 31th of March and that they relieved from the performance their respective duties until M = Davis took charge of Government from move on the 1th of
Дані
༡༩༤༤
་་་་
S
not-
after
the
th
14
May. I have thenfure to buy very
respectfully that be bland to give
pleased
your-
Lndship
hall
the hauplary orders
In those gentlemen being paine what in den of them on their predning.
M. ht Hoble Lord Starling
L
S
っ
Tr
fance
...
}
the
requisite
Struct that
your
abstract and recipte.
hordship will further pardon
you
you
time.
Are for those feafaring, & for ostur by
as to do an art of afficial
the deep obligatione l'am under
Heading
themen Withe
to those gentlemen
for the year and alacity
with which they aided me in the vasion, and important matters that To M2- Burgass
devilord upon me.
心
Imay observe I was indebted In the
advies
tial and assistance
A
most essential as in the drafting and
of
no well
его
preparation
the various Ordinances both in the Colonial and Superintendants department which thad recasion to enact and Thope Ido not exceed my province
when I solicit
your
h
Lordship Like
on public grounds to plan M =
Burgafi gentlemen whe
hame on
ан
the list of legal
willing
anxious to be employed in
and
the
Colonies. Ifeel quite confident that
he will give satisfaction to the
M
351
foremment in any situation in which
be placed otherwise Sohould. not venture to intrude this warun
h
may
recommendation in
his favour.
Leen
of M- Uresnem Sneed not here speak Mince his services have all along conspicuously before your
Lordship
and
whilst it is to be remarked that his lebones in the Plenipotentiary: Luperintendents offices
mou
Onelor 1
lien
than fren in the
Colorinal department
Thave the time to be
れ
Lordships beeble Servant.
humble
Harry Potting
I
Ameve Copay. Richard Buy of
Вис
101
nance
1
1해
h.closur
(
Ji.
RECE
0.0.
1 AUG.
1846
In 1540. H. Kong
Lowning that.
25th January
352
1845.
Thame to acknowledge the
receipt of your
ti
the 14th instant
letter of the 144
ιια
Recommending to my favanable notice M- Burgas your Cate legel Advise and the Chooshan the aportat kentay and likewin requesting that
thing
kong
རི་ང
the salaries den to those gentlemen. between the 30th March tact and
8th of May may
theat
ᅡ
sire to
Gize
Пизар
i
every
the
be paid. They to aperce
considuation. shall be
your recommendative of these re
and
Moosnan. Share
requested the Lords Commisioners of the Preassory to direct the payment to them of the Salary den
between 30th Thank
ཀ
and
h.
Signe personal fir Henry Pottinger Bart CE.M.
L
L
St
th
the perinne
of they.
101
hance
application
and Ishall be happy to mat a similar-
to there hardships on Captaine Bendly's behalf in your informing me of the exact dun. which due to him.
Лис
you
consider
Thave the hinwest be fin.
Youn
Your most obedient Hewan t-
True Copy
S.W. Hope
Richard Ampfs
17
In 1540. H. Kong...
Ji.
RE
AUG.
Colonial Deportiment
353
forcement Horn, bistain Hongling, 21th thay 1844-
In announcing to
you
that
a Chief Juster and Attorney Senecal have been appointed from England and may be expected shutty to avere then to request that you will if possible continue to let the forernment of this Colony have the benefit of your
while; and I had
in the mean
only ash you
you
Jairu
to exert the same
abilities and yead that have chang
Zeal
macked your perundings
as
Legal adviser of the Council.
the
I have the hmoun to be
Sir.
Your most oledien 1 humble Sewat
Richard Burgafe Eny?
2.
1.J. Davi
Ruchard Burgas,
:
hane
01
?
Undid 12
For: 11
August 2046.
"
Berjan in
C.O.
AUG. 6
46.
1577 HongKong Orfpend & Cambing. That 354
August 5
ast 5th Wh
the the repent of last high to Peuliamentary faccendings Jobarse that to Bonzing Just a question relative to It practice of flopping for forth, offences & the colony of Houghong le the means of saving liberty of refering you betion 25. where
it
1844
And
us it may houth Note the
Mater to the thinghong
Or tumanen kr. 10. of 1/4
dinanc
It is enacted that he
1-
h
lie..
f
the whol
ん
part of any penalty nations of Chirga of thoughong, of
chenen angen may to undergo
sentenced to
such punishment in
conformity with the usages of has bethet been
utera
china as
My inflectest.
Ishell fel qual pleasure in giving
any
མི་
Eng.
for the information which may he regained
Have Say th. P
of the Majesties the den Secretaries Pate
a
Thare the hour libe
Cali Legai
kin.
Your furt
Richard Bergals.
obed-dewat
Adain to the
1
Poseminen of they horny.
L
{
1
Tr
01
ance
Janney the Ordu
Mattawes
uferred to f Ine bourgas, which no doubt
Dour
of the exidence applied on to the penallies twas aware z which its formed pent. Iperceive, however, that itisperation is neversal. Tauppone remains the done, but to thank her Burgass for his letter, and tourite to her ). Duves in fulfilment of this
but he doupposed that im Explains the case allended toh inflicted of the ordina of such a provision,
reading that nothing
nitination.
given f you lang. Perhaps the best
.6
and tie J.D.
copens ofthe quarters
band by D. Bronzing tush
Itie 2W) for full informe.
ih
againe
~~
вно
пр
ten rubquet.
Clised.
2. Видаровар
Entered
1844
Forwarded by ...
R
Ab
38? Murdoch 10.
MiHawes
Earl Grey
11.
انیه است و داستان
B. 1577 Houghing
Sie J. F. Davis
12 August 2046.
4 Aug. 1846.
Li
355
12. August 1046.
Jum duieted flail
Guy to acknowledge thin receipt of your belen of the 5th mall calling megallation
Wo the Clause in the Ordinance
of the It Long Legislature No 10 of 1844, which authänge, the substitution of Whiffing for angsther fenaly in the forang case of offender, Mundafedi of the Chinese Emperor, Explanating of the circum. - stances alluded to the.
ar
Downing in the Hop formen. dording toprephis tracks forgon
desires me to
Communication.
Maver
Manamit wou
herewith, the (opy of Notice receuty placed
а
thie Journal, of the Hofformen
:
י
f
î
ය
Ο
ance
Леской
by Dissouring M.P. for Bolton, celative to the Hagging of certain persons subjects of the huferonof Chicca, in It Kong, for a violation of the Registing Ordinance of that Colony.
Соном
on
thes
no information Lufect hadbeen received from you, englender Secretary Stated that fail
in auxever
WD. Bowring;
Enquiry, adding
Mat the
henalties specilly imponed
& the registration
Ordinance
for any infringement of
iti provisions were
fine
timprisonment. I move have mice this
aware,
hammer, that hy
Кстати,
the 25 Section
ty
however made
the Ordinance.
no10 of 1844 it is provided
котор
That natives
Athina may
be sentenced taludergo
such punishment in conformity
+
anriver wat
پنج
einen been
1
भ
:
356
with the renages of Cheria
си
has been unically inflicted,
の
in leen of the whole oraiy
part of a penalty wwhich They may liable. It probablemen was
have become
Misenactmeul that the punishment in question was inflicted, but Schald be happy to receive from for any explanation of the cérmenstance, which, might derive Woffer.
пере
which you
i
1
•
I
Tr
hance
01
-་।‛।'',་
MESSA
Ju
357
4th August.
To inquire whether the attentions
of the lovernment has been called
to
the prequent application of
Flogging
ar
A
punishment for
Petty Offences in
the Island of
Hong Kong, it being stated that
по
less
tom
Fifty-four persons
were
20
punished on
Saturday
the 25th day
day of spil cost for
Cast
not having obtained
Tickets of
Registration; and after such inflictions
were delivered
over
+ the Chinese
Authorities
to be
enlycated to
further
!
J
}
Tre
anci
further penalties under
the Criminal
Code of that Empire.
R 14 9146
date
Sept:
7046
RECEIVED
C.O.
SEP.
1876
ה-
10 hàng hàng 1770
Whenxum Clut.
September of 1866. 358
I shall fub much oblic & you
Salary J.
will winter.
Me
up to what
em entitled & draw the half
что
the office of Secretary of to ment at Honghony.
Jour
Jou
ват
of
arb
aware that I obtained
absence from the Governor
Lie John Davis & pround & England for the recovery of my
my health
Respatch 80. 20 June 1846
(1659)
my
and that ich was only on arrival hire that I was made Jacquainted with the fact that i Majesty bade been planes. Froup another appointment
was Gazetted us at hod. of herftan
топедии
me
my
till m
8 presume thersome that Яринити salary does not the date
country
my
c
return othe
Thom the hover the
Sii
Jour chedients Lervent
дучи
Prederick M.A. Ben
Bo the
Under Secutary of State for the Colonie
te
ка
359
?
my
1770 Kingking
The Houtle F. 11. A. Bruce.
As
1846
MBStephen | 14 7. Mudah 14
Forwarded by:
Farl Grey
Howes
15
15
330
16 Sept 746
Sandreeted
Sail
to mall enquiring Breipt of your letter of the Grez wacknowledge the
9th
up
ли аге
arerutille
towhat date your of the Office of Senetary terand the halffulang
of St. Hong.
зас
that according to the Irreply Dam to inform
ordinary
ules
of ear
Colonial Service,
au
the
Cease
breceive the Salary of Officer on peonestion
be vacates from the
Office
The
date of your Gazette w the superior Office. date of his being gazetted
to
and altho doc
Newfoland is 1 Juhlast, the Office of Athod of dord Guy in
Mr. Hawes
As a general rule, I think that from the date of
die apperance as being promoting
An
Y
767
Officer's
new
hame in
the Gazette
Office, his title to draw
any smoland. from his former Off-
That mile tod
*
гор
An
but
at ich Mr.
act
C3
on
hing
Le.
censes.
Mr. Bruce's
half- salary
and from the jaṛ
22.27 70
Bruce can, disavow
his friends
ny
accepting for
him, during his absence, the
ngh
of herfiland, his
At to healfosalary
will, I think, con
= tinne until his
own personal
Appearance
& acceptance
of
srich guy
вир
De
8
the place. But then the effect of that discorral. w. be entrich to rehase.
hom
kind of obligations to give effect to the promises
by Mr. Gladstone to Mr. Bruce
Sof 11. Same apuid test hay have led M. Mure
into inor, where affor
ceffl
his speaking worse afor
to make
to to key. Bt.
critica
It will be best to adhere to the ordinary rule. Cintement it had I understand leenaces
though he was hit himself mome of th unless whon his marine
Lim Adecline.
the office con:
hon this must be prepared
She, accef.
arrival
!!
Tre
aware that at that date you could not howe notified
your acceptance of the Office, зам
nor even have been man
opiti huving газин,
силни
beentendered
woes, get as her Lordship
informed that
й
d that it was
accepted on gour
ве
behalfly
your friend, in their Country,
andas on
Jou
arrival
gou did not decline its
he must consider you a howing adopted the acuflance
join name
минаше, айд
given in jour
therefore, as having ceased
to be
rutitled W Salary from
F. Hong from the 1 Jul
last.
thaver
6
361
C
7
}
a(r)
332
i-
९
>
الحرة
}
ane
01
3
=
D
Z
Unit 20
Coperte for: 37
April746
B
JNJ
APR. 15
Le
0.
46
huệ trong trong
333
Permit one to invite
your
attention
fact that in the early occupancy of Hongkong.
by the Britesh authenties in the
to the
Chera
1842. Dir Henry Potter
gen
very kindly consented to give to the agent, of te Missionary of the American Missionary
Lociety, known
Union, a lot of
by
the nam
a
Luce
a lot of land force chapel and messic house, rent free. Accordingly
free . Accordingly the agents of forward and erected i mission houses on the said lot of land
Lasicly ment
and teve
Chapel
cinct for the eviation of the Chapel Sir stenry is generously made a donation of $50.
When the government of the
22
Ballars.
and was exchanged from military to
on Colonial, the authontus said they
oil or
not authorised by the govern
<
i
€1.
to make grants of land, and consequently,
id us
han changue
c e ri
e,
ground rent ou thin loh
of
which is less than a quarter off ces at the rate of £40: Forty Pounds jun
с
The
ground
e actually occupied by the building of the Chapel - Suy 40 by 66 yest
exempted from taxation, but for the remainder of the lot as statice ctiam £40, for year ten
is
exacted
Perniet onected on
me
house,
di re
to state that the two mission the's lot were buit by the funds benevolent Society, and to be accused by the agents of that society for the preassertion of a funty benenate it & chustian object, having nothing to do with merchantile or political affairs.
H
韦
Jand
The
Meligious
worship has been in the Levice Cheepel
language,
334
ngularly condi
éto
on the Sabbath in the Themesé
and school have been
by the agents of sand Locity for the
native
a ce
the both male and
てんて
A..
leal.
J
all of female. The
prachenty of the Mission has suffend a slight
areat
нние рече
interruption by the decetter rome
Stone
اسم حمة
of its members hat the docuty propane during the present year to send out a
to the station at
Hong kong,
reinforcement of they
Auel
Cau
be relieved from the cucharassment of paying
£40
of would
their present
the a year for ground rent, with thei
grathy facitilall the accomplishment of their lunenatent de
designs Missionary of the afonsance Locuty I have the prospect of resuming my under their patronage at stonghous during the pusent year.
As a
honor to be
Fir
Your
←
I my labions
and ham thin
stredent Servant
London 20th April 184€.
3 Deschain Place
сол
William Dean
Flee Lambeth Road,
Treasury
If the answer
Friday
вид
13 April
to this
it is
ex
cannot be sent so
be
addressed
ag
шина
Land Lettelling
the only suppose
as to reach the writer
at bng King.
5.6. 4. Apr. 13
Autwm
which
lan
be sent
that W. Gladstone will nammend thie dalject to the
attichid of the Zur, and where in posussens of
that Offers report will signify to hand this
"decisions of N. th's for
メ
on the subject
C2
adding, perhaps, that it will be
to Mr. Gladstone to learn
was
that it s
possible to promote
this prons & charitable object without an
undue sacrifice other Publie
of which InCust
he
am
simply to the effect-
in bound to be considerali.
"the fintpart of the minuto offer. Stephon fly, p 14
I do not kunne anly thing ofther institution to woo Merrepen
"
thred
004/5 14. Land Hong Kong
Revd th. Dean
1946
PR
orwarded by APK:
Moun dark the Mo the gate in
Step, or
16
Dorflyl:
tot ape. but the
liter was ruind on the 13th thi
date therefore nuest
be a mistake.
you
Li
20 April 146
Lenn
365
directed (MM.
Leet Gladstone track? the receipt of your betung
Extant,
ou
the
the subject
farent charged to the
The saionary American the Uerentes fontes is the
a
lot of land at
orignially gfanted to them offic Pottinge
l husben Erected
Abou
on which a
Chapel
6th
them.
AnGladstone will
Communicate on
ther
subject with the Govercion of Aethong andwhen he shall have had an opporting ofconsideing angremarks which that Officer mag
desire tomake on
the
sufect with apprize him of
the decision
of A Me God. " respecting
Treasu
ib.
Примере
Li
Stianamit kan herewith the Copy of a one
representation made tome
Me Readth. Dean,
ou
this
20 Aprel Wis
Li 2. Davis
select of the Rent changed to the Americans Misionmy Union for a lot oglund said to have been originally granted to there sent free stir # Potiningen. Teequent that you will
je
Shave
me with any
pernick me
695911
20 April 19846
(deviesdated]
observations which mag appear logon to be called for &Mr Dear's statement.
gmi
возил
thange
Op
336
T
F
I
Treasury
F
And
F. 47 Hongkong
в Fearonday Sie
Forwarded by JAN!! Whundoch 10
MEStephen 10
12
xo detiitton
mfladetone 12
Vide Diff to Governor.
8. 16 Jarma 46
X
15 Jan. 1846
367
Same directed by
G
doc Stanley, tracks. the receipt of your letter of the o mirth and to inform
gou in auxwer
that
Athong,
the Agent for Sillong, Mr G. Barthie & Nos Caumon
3
Row, bestminster, has
been cesticited
Wpaz Salary
Wyan the half Salung which, according to the
Established luler of the
service, with become dure
Boer during your
дравния
leave
ofabance from thong.
Shaver
Į
3
$
:
Treasury
L
15 January 184
RECEIVED
JAN. 9
4 thông trong
338
Wright's Hotel. Frand
کر
uary 6th 184-5
I have the honor. To report my
5 arrival from Hongkong, where I hold the Appointmant leave of absence for hivelor
カノ
می
of Registras
General.
upon.
Liebe
months on sick certificate : and, very respectfully,
to request that you will be pleased to command
the payment of my half pay.
The recessary documents have
bequ already delivered at the Colonial Office.
I have the honor to be,
Виняса
Governor.
Agent
-
Lir. Your most obedient
Humble Servant
Hanson
The Right Honorable
G. E. Gladstone
Secretary of State
-Colonial Department
י
I
管
#
Treasury
cel
What hus occurred sequeding this deam
reported. (Lir J. Davis in a
Weshalet Sifar
}
which Lord Stanley directed to be put and like Me Fearons arroad.
ご
portfound with her. Throw should arrive The Confirmations of
it should
affeur
to be fit for Service
ollin dan
whether be
Le a we
of Abserice was
was ever liker
uncil.
из
saw hind here the
It is quit char that he
is not at present in
conditions to
Ло
sinmediati alarm about
his life. On the
hang, he
has
appear.
D
دم سيد
Zug Sch
lachinhat dinchions may
hah & active young
half-sulary.
ཤ
A
he
ory to
maz
may
i
My Lord.
13 August wat
0.0
AUG 8
1646
1500 khong kong
80 Cheapside
7th August 1846
369
The enclosed Certificate has been forwarded to a
Client
of ours, who required such
cindence
д
the
death of Dr Richard Jones as would satisfy the Bank of England, And enable the survivor in a joint account of Sock, standing
ing in the
prame
that Gentleman ( in conjunction with another person) in the Books of that Establishment to hansfer
the same
Eny
Or Tendering this bestficate
at The Bank
of
fand it is objected to, as not being conect, and
Mr
more particularly that the signature of Bob: Dundas bay should have been veused by The Governor
· properly constituted officer. who had power to affix
er
some
Official seal to the
Lecipient, but it was stated that of
preane evidence that Mr bay
the Supreme ツ
bout
lure was
The Signature
be overcome,
As we
we could
wa, the Registrar
of Hong Kong
and that
genuine the difficulty world
presione this Gentleman holds
his appointment under Her Majestys Government we take the liberty of asking whether under the circumstance, you Lordship will be pleased. to duct that the evidence required by the
hance
Treasury
•
Bank of England should be furnished to
=
behalf of our blink, as the delay and
expense that would be incured by
end
ading
Hong Kong for a proper betpeate would
be
of
most serious consequence
We have the hond to be
My Lad
Your Lordships most Obed Serv
Fry Loxley My
Jo
The Right Hon ble
Earl Grey
NM Principal sect of State
for the Colonial Department.
370
:
Treasury
Mtawer
There can be nodifficully, Registrar
me aus
applica
Ay 10
hv
centifquis
my
bat Melag in
but we have no signature Dpresume that the
Theffer 8 aug.
should be answered
ске
4
A
Kuy dox
1846
Forwarded by AUGE
Mr Mundach 11 \\M"Stephen
M&Hawes
Earl Grey
12
1086 on Mong
13 August 18665
Seittemen
Lave directed
371
Sal
Greg Backnowledge ther leten of the receipt of your 7 Mall enclosing
a
air
a Certificate
whom
Medavit of the Deathich Dr. R. Jones at St. song, and requesting Mat. Mr. R. Dlay & when
Flaps, this affidavits is certified Registene of the Supreme Court, and that the Signature appended to the affidarit
histure
in
in his tire
face
meceff
Signaleine.
Factoinform.
that there would be
nadifficulty in certifying Mefaghold
to the fact that In the Office of Registian of Me Supreme Equit in Salong, but his signature not being
Treasury
*
Known at this Officcit would be ine possible to furnish any
any certificate that point. If the verification of her dignatione
ас
he indispensable, the Affidavit must be returned to Willoug
the
for the verification of Governor, whose signature could there be certified
Ihr Lees of State
зни
Shavere
мере
3
97049
Aus- 26 Aug
My Lord
k
C.0.
AUG.22 1846
1660 Ar
Kong
372
80 Cheapside, 21 August 1846
We have the honor of
Mr
is knowledging the receipt of .M. Hawes ' Effer in reply to ours of 7: Jus relative
the evidence required of Mr. Rob Dundas being Registar of the Supreme Court Hong Kong, and that the Certificate.
Lordship of the death of
warded
b
your
we
Jones was authentie, and have to expres sur acknowledgments for the obliging consideration your
your Lordship was pleased to bestow upon our application.
We have submitted M. Hawes letter to the proper Officers of the Bank of England, and after much houble have obtained their consent to receive thes
!
!
Treasury
-Certificate if accompanied by a Document
which your Lordsh
from the Department over which
presides certifying that Mr Rob: Dundas bay
held the appointment of Registrar at the sin
may
ce
the document bears date;
may we
104
Dy
Certificate the mae de outra vendings? Guffawer
Се
24 Cupficcte aundahe
Pepys regten
226
take the liberty of houbling your Lordship
to solicit that
your
1669 #hong 26 Auquel 1946
Rep" Joy, doylesto
Fonmarded &
1846
KA Mundock 25
25
Lordship will be please
Earthbey
26
to dived that the beihficate handed int
our letter of 74 Sus
be returned
may
us accompanied by the evidence above
named.
Allow us again to apologise
for hespassing upon your Lordships allem a matter of this nature, and to assi your Lordship that the assistance so ofte rendered to our Client is of great importan
and is duly apprecated.
The Rt Hon : Earl Grey
We have the honor to be
My Lord.
Your Lordships most obedient Serv
Fry Loxley & Fry
H.M. Principal Secretary of State for the Colonice Department
Gwen tots. Sunth
ས
He
Glutteren
был
Caulfreg
373
J
edirected Backnowledge
tireceipt of your letin ofthe 21 Mult and to infam
зас
in answer that the Affidavit enclosed in your leten of the 8th Palt with be returned you with a Certificate that M. R. Dundas Casheld Affedant at the date of the testif the Office of Regiation of the Supreme Count of Nikong, wit becctiones leges on application to In Peter Smith, the Chief Cleck
The fee
this Dept of this thepaid
on
this
Certificate with be 10/6.
Kavere
1
به
hance
1
1.
¿
374
Treasur
G
заряте
247 Hongkong Long's Kate. Bonethele
ناک
RECEIVED
MAR. 2 1846
that
26th Feby. 1846
375
کردند
1-
4. 7 March 146.
Khan the hona & adchen 27
In non brequest bey earncitly that
you will have the kindness Export The the favor of Here Montes additiona leave of absence from Hong Kong -
Ford Stanly granted me the Last Extension of dix months
delicate health
of Vives fordon's very which would have made it imposible for her & accompany more at that time_
was in great hopes the would have been able to havel at the Torie weken
it wish be necessary for me I leane
the
England - (amely, by der Michelle of March, word in the inter- Schall be
The Right Heate
1.2. Radstime
obliged
¦
Treasury
576
stleged à return & Reland & make Ahangements for leaving the Country)
but Freget tray that it is inferosce
for her & do so
م
ره
Lo
soon after her
first consinement which has just
ست
taker plan.
I am imperative Iblijed to go by beay of Italy the
My Mother and sisters who reside
then whom have not seen for the last ten years. And the form
hean Love anoth
of When Schall neve
opportunity of Lecing
the tale
of this fordon's health during
Be fount
Autumn a winter quite precluded the possibility is m
of kat tin
B
y
بشور
I am quite aware that my
has already
G
1662
extended to a
Keen Ex
and
Longer period than canal efter such a short service as mine hos Leen, I am bey unwilling to make this reguit
further extension but if it
In its
granted to me Istall be
Cannot be granted
obliged to have Mis forden
and ther
sant to follow me I Solter by The Spiel Mail, if they
Ега
Crossing the
are then equal
the deant; and if they
not then able to havel Whall not
making any
Lave the power of making
Care
Arcangements for their training in England until an
writel on offerturity may
seur in their following me to China
There is also
Reason zu which would solicit this extension, and that is; that on the faith of my private busines being continent as port of condem
Indument
as
¡
des intended by Lie Henry Pollingen, I
Laid out at
Z
1200
2000
Ꮮ
hang động,
le
large sum
in the purchase of a Patent
Lip which has been lying
unles
Can sinn Left China, and as this now is not the the care, tould ack for a little time here & Enable In to dispose of the Flip-Thane
only within the Cast few days
heard only
If a company
who propone forming
ot Kong Kong such an establishment
les had
be
and Cidutemplated, and it worke
of the greatect importime I mu
I have time here & entre int an Schangement with them take it
My hands; otherwise it will se
to
stally lost & me. Pemfertfully
submit
Lubmit that Ris bevoll be
Great Kandchiß
377
Есте
sime Shame hun at home thave had the returns of femer (one heng
Severe inded) and althought
Kanded never think of acking for
an extension of clam alove, still it would
6/2
be
cc
2
صمت
Meut.
object & me bot & arrive during
#he
Keny
hot season which then
Months Cour would prevent-
عشه
a
Lunk under the attacks
flou Jesse. " asked Slave Lon Lome;
And taking met Fuse Cucuration
into consideration Mant
able & Comple with
be care
Expedia y
6-s
hillie
7 Bes
A
Colony
ane
Colony is not But & Expence by my sken
han the Kona Ele
རྒྱན་པ་
نگے
Marttat dut
C..
dererger food of Rag Sanch
378
1
Treasury
}
livermo
be to suffer under similar einern.
be thinght of a
Member
Whe's what ?
of this or of any other Publie Office having ablaund a dense for 2 gears me account
own health shi ach 3 months
you
Wife's health. Some indulgence is, of c
t of hir
course, one to offens
stationed in unhealthy climatio, but hardly such indulgenes as this has to the wish to stay here to effect a sale of his
property at ding Kong, hit. Corders, as it seems
weahn
to me.
to
A
still mahu plea. He has venly had time mough to the
purpose, or, if not, it is
a
hind
of
by
througle the interventions of Birkir
де
%
very easily transach
Imust decline on gununds of public policy wh are imperation hit with reper Mishah &
3 March
tas con borne by erson Mashuchti
What has alwady accurred agending
The Writin's absence
on the que the leave 174. Gordon, 1844. Si J. Davis reported that he ha
12 mon
topilehealth That leave
Lord Stanley on 25 Left But
1845 Korostanley granted Mr Gordon
עיי?
the 22 Weg. last he
DY
*
Extension of forest
On the 128eb8
received a
all 2 gean
his leave.
Mfl. 5 manch hing
of 6.
March and bestelling
This
AL.
It affec
quat diffienity request. A Lean
that there wd.
ודי
-acceding
7
ག
of
uch longer period
serious canvie
The domestic
to his
indulgence in defense
ought, aff
thumbtoned thy to be alleg
of once admitted as justifying
absences 1. the
you
agaris & again.
ада
alleged life way Public
proline it
We
might.
77
της Σ
ther fou
cannot
In Apfelican
end
ཀཀ་༦༩
зна
7 Mark/46 24 Hongkong D.379
R. I Gordonton
1846
ท
Foncarded by Mar
MANG
C
Maddalone velistiellen Stephen
Mundoch 6
Sin
absence for 3 mon
Extension of your
rblettino, requesting
receipt of game leter of thi Lee's Gladstone Back the
Lave directed & M
ам
leave of
thes on
account of the precarious
ти
state of the health of Mas
Gordon
Aurefening
to the
McGladstone observes, that
previous correspondence
having
Each, making altogether
of game leave of Amonths
received two extensions
of St thong you have since
of abarece from the Govern
obtained 12 moulter leave
in the first instance
an
au
abance of 2 gears from
in which
Office in
you
16
Trasur
had served buburung short time. You have therefore, already engaged
amount of
сили
^
so considerably
indulgence, beyoud
blended what is usually accorded of the frown.
to the
the decenti
Кал
MM. Gladstone Express his
cau Canoul
coul regret that he
ful's compelled, on public grounds, to decline acceding
Wyren application for further leave.
Tharte
350
Hongkong
2 Colice.
1Immidiate
RECEIVED
MAR. 2 1846
Long's Katel. Bond the 27th Feby. 1846
330
خر
Ans
16 March14.
Copy to Gov. 12° 88-17 Ma
Why 446.
7.
have the honor to acknowlede the
uply
Uceipt of a copy of Lie loke Davis walle
in the subject of my
& Lord Stanley
Claims, prmorded
Dear on 111⁄2 Sen
Cast by Lord Stanley's cleaine, losethin with an expression of his Fredshisei
that under the cucumstances
legut Nated by Sie Sohne Lavis, his Lorditig Could not accede to my requent allowed to take private practice in
the
Conjunction with my office of Lange Several of Hong Kong,
An ane
They to offer
by Solary
a
in
2
A recen
Liew of it
few remants in
tion of some of the circumstan
Explanation
The Be Honble
M. 8. Gladstone
į
Tsury
of my case which Thad nit Opportunity of doing & Lord Harley- His Excelling, Lie hohe Dains speaks
of the "Afpulling state of Atem" in latin be found all the business" of my
"
of which thi
office, in consegueme Bettany has plat tavoil horinty Beellery
glas hinally
I for Standing Colonial regulation by
Which sie vants
C
the Crown are
Prohibited from maging in private business As it seems to me possible that the wad "assear" might conney Meaning which His Excellency dan not intend, Twist & by plain that
this arrea,
o
buther Accumulation, of
Eusiness was caused, not by my
Luving
beer en
engaged
ட்
in private
Mactive, but by the non assioul,
331
afte. The delays consequent 12 founding
& New
ben hought out by Colony ben haught die John Janis himself; and then,
course, there was a great deal of cons on Land in my office, though very tame be much as possible Lad keen done in anticipation of hou ordens. As cons Explained & End Pauley in a note from
نگه
to
Sie Henry Pottingen Which Fenelones &
in the 24th May
fir Lordships
F1⁄2 may
Eart
letter to Lord Stanley of that date
did not intend to express that
ly Jcandinate persons in my office wen benjoying the busines Brad Lad" L the neglect of the public works; but simply thit & Whatian extent there has Leisure In
Be
from I attend
extent.
I private Jusines Etam an Each person was enjoying the incing
in thuctions prom
Lome,
which
after
Reginally prominx & due
bart
7
"By Emolument
Excould only
Paly
In the ack
the
Amount
so equal privileges with three Which
Zy
May be planted to a junior in he
Hazement,
Tr
Excellency
and I do trust that his
will not repone me the
permission to employ
few Line
hours when then hang he Luck, for
interest, if granting suck
permission 5 another
with respect thy being allowed an hance; although, of camene stis Gallery
Ели
has felt it his duly & adtere & the
General tule Kal Civil Lccmonts
thall pay for their Lawns Freould
I take with consideration
る
Leing
allowed a
kann was
tho made part of my Emolument
& was taken it account
konry Pollinger 1ohen. Recommending
of my Salary
the time of my leaving the
Movided with one-
332
and up to
The Cold
Colony
hers
in the port of my letter of 24th May Cost to Lund Stanly referring to the Collection of Revenue, Ineuly
Prerely said
that at the timin of my beaning the Colony
hens obliged
# Collect, and
be responsible for the defe custody of, The Land Revenue;
Cere
Jexpressed
ce with to be relieved from Pis Hung
々
nt receive some remuneration fo
it - Learn for the first time,
prom His Excellening chapotch, Kat
by
Las Leen done;
the former
quite satisfied -
Until. read in thn Davis despatin
The
Tr
was not aware that Lord Hanley had given any specific instruction
In the effect of My being obliged to submie
My plans
and leternales for the aspione
affert
of the Commanding Rogul Enginen.
Finould
bey leave & point out that
hot at all
such a coure is unusual and that I
the effect of it is, to create a feeling
that the Comm
ding
in ability
Royal Exginen
منا
is my superin either, à conduct But
Lusiness of My
of My department,
من
Hese Sole
integrity; neither of which han
of which have the theor
prepared to admit ___ Whilet Fans
-
in Ceylon on my big way
that such a courie
Lome
Kore thus ettmes
сенник
was not followed
in that pland
Zhave made
Funke enquiries sime Returane
...f...
be the
*
Eng
333 and and Sam told that it is
I
Iwould respectfully
quite unusual-
submit to you that I cannot help
е
Gand
feeling apgivived at being made
aggiuse an exception to the usual course that too, after Loving by the Conduit of My office, gained the entire approbation * Confidence of the late Jovens,
their Sterly. expressly written by him & Fred Karley- with respect to the Council, as it is how complete with officers of higher station than myself, of
course than
no right to expect the appointed; but Phich I explain that Sie Kenny Pottinge tax his instuctions, (and to
Number & Fere
did his régal Rotaisen) as limiting the
Ky ween Therefore Complete at that that time, other win
Sprould have been affpointed-
with
Tr
joiti regard to th
The division of work
Jetwin the Civil and Silitary o Hepartments, proposed by the Excelitury, there can be 20, sossible objection
to it; it is not usual, so generally, Be Solonies all buildings for Civil
Berposes
under the control of th
من
in
Curvega Joneral, but the crangement
е
proposed by this by colloney is equally
weich is fiul the
My Daly good- duties & each thould be clearly defined And that whition works are attacked to the civil department thould al Wholly and solely under the Control of the Survey Feneral ; thus preventing Any unpleasant fueling arising bestem two Kanches of the Jurine which Should act in harmony,
esse when
And
When the duties are
les in
334
Lespacate Baragraph of the dispatch & whit "an apting für Excellency suggests
Ceylons in the Concluding
Kat even under the Encuristamos
Ken stated, pamely lessening the
tutres d'
ffline
G
it might be matter
Mr Lud Stauby's Consideration whethe
My salary thould not be put on a
par with that of the Chief Magestiale
and of the Featur
A Ley
Thom Treatm
Find Consideration of
the circumstrous of my care whit
Arpectfully Jubmit in
Heut
Lordships for believing that img feina
plaitin would be contrived I de
Inverted large sum & Phones,
C.
my leten of gesturey, State:
Explained.
Lany
end
མ་འགན་
Tr
And
of my
to pray for
conside
a reconsideration
fox Cac
as
regards
ads a
Lodging money, for
or un
Allowanc
if oblijed I pay jus
042
Lance,
Can only rageet Foot. I even left England
at the Saccafice & my health, for lack
is the bolue of money at Lony Rong a
Rolice not being More from qual & a Super in Justin,
а
as Lie Kenny Pottergen
من
irate à Itu Gajiet, foun
le
trying the bemount of solvin, that
inch
Might have been better off athen
лай
with Mr. Brunch's Acommendation
Frame the Konn be
Jom
نک
Most that bat.
Farge finde ich kay long.
That Une Subordinalis shr. be placed under the same
prohibiting
as
their
Chief.
Works being submitted to the Commanding Engineer 3. Mr. Gordon objects to the Selvimalis for livel
on
The
3 Ma
335
Lord Lestellind
Imeral of Hong Kong ought not to carry
hows each other on the following question's :
put The Gus. Thinüber that des. Gordon the Sunveger
The writer and the God. of Kong Rang deffer
ar a
en
burouss the most inferrlant beiness.
tod . soon become the most numerous hours, and the private in that could not be properly allowed. Une leiseen hows have that frivilege during his leisure howes. My opiniond Surveyor for frivale persons. Ed. Horndown wishes to his basmiss
учу
allowed this privilege, and he
2. Mr. Garden lago that his subordinatio
are
only
asher what they
The statement seems
farhally
Ime: and
nichesine is
have
Giound that it is unusual _ that it, therefore, implies distrust &
W
An
indignity.
must be regarded unusual. Military Enginens
verify
are
But the fact is that it is not
в
anhighly
employed as ofline as posible 6- or correct this extimalis of Colonial Enginens.. It is Convenient practice because this Millary Offer is for thin the ollen from local influences and pechersessions & is therefre
a better Guardian of the Oublic Purse.
4th. It is stated, and with acemacy
mose exempt
that Mr. Gordon had promises for die Hung Pottinger of advenlages which have not been halfilled. But die dr. Pottinges only promised to neommend him For thine & theit commendation has not ben successful, so that there is no real heach of contract. Besides the intimacy of not the relationship between theme was such as to dehart considerably from the value of such pledger
es die dr. Potinger.
de
A
77
:
Tr
شبهه
did give.
5.4. hd. Gondow of us to the concluding persage of the Grier Berpalite of the 17th deftimber
as a oitical neommendations of are Encrease of salary in his favour. But such is not the effect of that passage. The God. has not advised the encrease & without his advice it wo be vaid to act the dunsung to sanctions it
?
жазы
Leh
n
Whichts
MtG. Mar. 4.
that ther gentleman disappointment that Caul at the door
perate
сам
In A Pettinger. I think it should be pointe out to him in reply that walch he show that the forronment,
или
committed A.
to the conditions under which hie A Pottinger
recommended the amount of her salary, (which
the Gordon calle fixing it, they cannet de tallen
notice of .
It is not clean
the former don ent
leaning
Found
сем
in
mecan
to shar
ん
whettin
increase of salay
the end of his despatch
int
slight
at
mut I suffon
Ihre ausson should I that such increase
актино
h
bein recommended by the fun in this Dehante
و
morr
agree
the Treasury in the
in the matter. with fire tifhen that the subordinate officen in the Surveyn general's
Offen suuld be pushibited from
pivate praction.
جعه
Checkl
thed
A. Kho
i do
ou
Co Down
1846
Forwarded by as
3 Mundock 146 FStephen | 14 Lord! Helton
he
Copy to for: 10-39-17 Marchinte
no
9.350 Houghing
Segestin
16 March 146.
336
Lave directed GM.
Lees
Lect Gladstone Back .
game there wish of gom lettre of the 27 Eettime commentry upon the report on your
Сале
contained in Sie
claim
J. Davis Decopatch of ty Lept last No128.
In regard to goudtain Whe allowed private.
state that Mractive you
-
you out device equal privilege, with thane which may be granted.
ted to a
Bajinin
in your department, and
bust that
да
Jace
след
един
not be refused pennision templag gou
и
hours for your
leisure
а
Advantages, is such a permission is granted to
:
Tr
another.
Upon this point M!
Иран
Gladatine derive, welding
that he e
coneurs in the
the
mopnich of obrewing
argaistall седай
same rule in
Officers of the Levezons General's Departementen but the conclusion towhich be Comer is hot that hs would
be right to a llaw private Mactice Bon,
may
it be nece
but that
necefang to
with deand its from there.
The cease
ceanour for the decision,
which he believes lobe in accordance with the cuciousel
где
martine in the Colonies, are too obvious weequire explanation; and he with according Accel Sic J. Davis to
A
hate for the fatent in
bake masons for Un
establishment of the wh
it was
337
The next point to which
але не
gace repen is gour application for an allowance for a hause. Altho
• Sou douth correct in stating that this forced pont of themidecument held out
to jan a cauft the Office,
Stir St.Potanger to
e e e
ee
Gladstone desire, me
to observe Mattie St. Pottinger's arrangements subject to were exprefly s Fabreguents
the furtive con forceeation
of St. M.Godt and that he
Unresen justly tot of e
assundly you thaten had an thority to offen
had no conclusion
an advantage of thes Kined. MiGladstone regrets, therefore, that he
cannot in this instance
е
depart from the general
bid, the
kale which for big grant to any public Officer, except the Governor
Tr
mce
some few Offices whore dutée, one of a feention native,
or
In Eglonge of a Hansson
allowance in lien of it.
You
thew object to the thewolgen subrcission of your plaus Patinated for public Hocks Wo the Commanding &. E, and state that you help feeling aggrieved at
kering
canest
made an exception
15 the usual course in this
respect. Jam Woolate in
ausiven
ал
that
are
· gave at that едал
pposing the
mistaken in Lu
Lofted
course proposed to be laten
in this respect to be
me.
precedented or mutual_
that it is
1
won is it intended to impl aug dixturest of gou profesional abilif. But considering the great expense which is likely, the incurred for public. Whacks in Skag AM. Godt feel bound to submit the flauxand
Exlivate,
сед
338
Extineates for auch Mocks.
w the most careful scruting
it
and is evident that such
with be more
абели
ruthing
efficient when conducted
If
tivo
Officers entirely
independent of each other; then when left to the. judgment of ous one.
death you refer to that paragraph of die I. Davis Despatch in which he leaves in for the decision the Lee. I opettate whethe your Salary should be micreased to thuvamez
that those of the
bate as
Keasurer Chief Magistate dave to point out to you, however, that Lie Y. Daver havuot recommended
any
duchicercare, and
Wadd that without cons
383 HryKing
C.O.
ED
MAR. 7
1846
-
339
bond. It
7th March. 104
to
Tr
decided recommendation
а
on his part, accompanied да Ja satisfactory explanation of the grounds on which he
the Salary incom.
consider the
-mensurate to the duties, of
the Office, McGladstons.
would not feel gratified
in
to the Lordsof
proposing this
hearing my mecease.
але
the the referee of the Sottishamnt
the expense
of the
at HtKong.
Marke
Ans
Marchy
cai
have this moment learned that you cannot comply with
My request tb allowed them Mouths Comper leave of absence
from Hong Kong - thankel Esteem it a great foon is so
t me an extension
Could pont me ain
grant
of fourteen days, which would
Make the difference of a worst
in the time
of my leaving
County, and
The Right Barker
W. E. Radstone
A;
R
by that means
01
nance:
里
thould be able & make
arrangements for
I
Mrs. Fordon
سع
follow me, if unable t
Acompany live
Then the home the
Mort
Jon Muvit oht Lut
Jurayer fel. 7 Horyking
:
390
10
Lnd Lyttelton
=7
my
that M. Gordre might
qualified his last applications for
absence for
myg
ths, by
MY
as well have
extended leave of
Hi acknowledgment
made that a fortnight w., frehaft,
ohmy
20.4
And wir
Un dame.
But I presume that 2d. Gladstone will
not refuse the indulgence in the forme
ife is now
ท
ashd
win which
which however shows
sometimes is to be
little incredulous.
ужачими а
blu
how useful it
My nech 7.
3
Tre
breel
k
283 Amphig
R. J. Gordonly
391
DS.
2
1846
Fonwanted by MAR
VEStephen
Mundort
7
Lord Lyttelton
Sue Gladstone
hi
Vide toh Gordon. 16 Maretfub Reciept grunsetter to achnowhapette
in ups that.
of the 7th distant, and to inform yo
by Sureting Pluton
изрич
the arcumstances
Thites, be acceder
theremi
fronextermin
By application
~
Leave of
1
!
SHES.
Tr
anco
Absence for 14 dags.
е
همینه مو رنگ سے
де,
RECEN
C.O.
APR 21 1846
943 bóng lông.
332
4 Welbeck thut- Cavendishly.
London. 20t
April
1846
"d23
April 186.
have the honor & acknowledge
the receipt of Lord
xy
letter
of 7th 9th and 15th March last
in reply to my letters of 26th Fely.
to
March, and 275 Fely. Cast and
I bey respectfully & Rank van se zorum attention consideration of My
Cace,
as well as for the theat additional
of
absen
to grant me
to address you
کے
Jan
wen pleased
Kane now the honor
houve
in reference to my
bitte & Land Marty of 7t hely 1845
Kouble.
f
Gladstone
in
Tr
i
333
neo
i
Fressed a wich
to
in which Exxpressed
Exchange my
situation in China for
le Limilar one
Ѐ
Peyton.
in
reply
In that litter Iwas informed by the Hape Hat Lord Stanly had ver
سک
Reason the lieve that the Surven
believe
of Ceylon bons chant
tous chant Fresign.
Leal of Ceylon
thad, at that time,
at that time, seen accounts
Ed
from the Colony which led me to
believe that le bacancy
Мили
would
last
before long; and by the Cart Mail Preceived the most positive
information, (and from authority Which Sean bouch for being
Ribas
correct 8.
Fimonfe
??
give
though I am not permitted & gene, 7th
of my informants that
the name
A
whant to bew bacancy was about to
been, and
text
proposal for the removal of the
८
present d'urveyer fencial would be pwarded for your Considucation; and that this proposal would probably buch London by the Next mail. (the one which has this day assives).
My informant ales pane tu
information
Retire
24
the leader
Re Surveys Fluore
for the truth of which can pledge
myself.
the laken in, his inability
to discharge the onerous duties
his office, which have of late in creand inat a bery great degree,
owing
t k
Cultivation, and sacions
Mercading
Increasing Cullinatin
other causes which it would bu
Reedless
ཟ-----m-cTZ%་ས
334
Headless for
but it is
دیمشکی
نفت و یا سکتے تھے
ove
me & Enumerate here.
last hat the duties hav
fact
increased, wand are
-
how more
than the Surveyer feveral, who has not good health, is oble it
Becform
The object of my
present application & you is
respectfully
&
ھے کہتے
that in the
of the situation of curregue
Cvent of
کے
Several of Ceylon now becoming
facant you
would have the Kinder
to take the cucumstances of my can
int consideration and be pleased
to
remove me from thing to
Leyton -
The Salary attackere & the office of
L~
حمة
Surveyor Several of Ceglen is hot
to large
as that which I now
enjoy,
نگه
but the difference of the value of thrney in Ceylon
Con and in China is such, that
Rhe former would be greatly purkrable;
and also the climate is better, which
would now be an
object
it
importance to me pom
بزنید.
of the furt
bery
precarious state of Mas Fordon's
*་
Lealth, which I'reqet & my peements the possibility of her are
ompanying me
# China _ My letters from Peyton also
Informed me that the Jurveyer Jeneral,
leware
the dissatisfaction which the
Condust
of
his
office
کا سلفا من متشکر
the lovers
Alien
of Ceylon, was willing
either & retin upon certain conditions
п
Tro
{
$35
n
A
exchange to a smaller colony
where the duties of his office would
not be to
Theron
Kould star
Therefore very texpectfully ask your
permission (in the event of the proposal for the retirement
Surreyn feverd not being formed
سان
by gan ) for
nee to stop for
at Ceylon on
on my
my way
Endeanom & arrange
"
expres
One Month
China,
an exchange
Waist, if I am permitted, Shave the
Which,
sery thouget grounds for believing
Should be able to
& effect.
bef
I would earnestly hope that the
becution circumstances, and
I may
add the hardship of my care which Ihave already hespassed
ی کر
On your
by laging lesser zou,
зас
will be a sufficient apology jor
with this applecation
My houbling you with this
and that, if you set you can do Lo
with propriate, you will recede I
My requent; for the affaintment at Explon would be
Every thing I me at present on account of Trus
Gordon's health through it would be inferior in halere & my present the (at least in the rectural mount
of Salary) and hary for
indeed
suferior & my appointment
يوم
Tre
21 April.
1 Kutumn the authors must be that W. Gladstone
you
intrusialed, and musé decline to cali hilo
&
L.
: contemfitabins of such
h. B. It is certainly not uinal ton think it in proper that die E. Jenn
Cany
a fiend
* {<
་
**
this bind witte
Wondence of
England, apprizing huis
proposals about to be made to
the Gramt here for getting ind
776
of the princiful
of the leglow for Mrs. the
I age
Cars we
22
an to thin
But
you with dem
that di ErTennent
correspondenc
7727
ིན་པར་གཞན་
repenales Frien
Bre in
Silve
Than the houn the
Nan
Port oft alcount.
named. & I supion be sent out he aprend to be defordons
I propon to add to her Saphens fint pertapaph that the information mentioned in the Catter Letter from a person whon him buty, is not permitted to give strengthens my impress
partsflu
correspland Co
y
714, Struglimp
A. Gordon Ey
Forwarded i
1846
MESEC Gladstone 23
Lord Lyttelton | 23
VEStephen 22 7" Mundoch 22
не
336
23 April 1846
Bachnowlap the
Mr. Senating Gladstone
Lamdinitaly
receipt of yo
Letter
ofthe Lott distant in
thickgou
state that
belive that areeney
have lesson
نه
to it from Stingkuh-
maybe removed in that lase jus
and aquest
nquests that
Generel of legton, the Office of Surugen int shuthour in
- B
337
:
Tre
hance
£
Mulle
drtine desires
me to infrom you, reply, that habar
heher
meined no intimatin
Az any
much theeney
as that bowhich you allade, and that he
as is usual
Just decline Center
into an
ему
Correspondence
or crompments in
Contemplation quel
atacaney.
add that the m
formation,
mentimed
in the lather pet fi
Дево
zur settes, porn a perm whose mome
are not permitted bine Thongthens & Gladstones impression of the besighe
gathering
Lithe Tule
inheit his intention.
to act has been chave
declared, - although he
is for from miiputing anyplane bymes
the recipient guil Information
l
کے
گے
myy
821 Hongkong
RECEIVED
APR.30
1846
338
Although personally
I bake
advantage f
fandstich with tech
ろ
to address to thee - fer
auforting the accompanying
applicatim poms Purale Me Quezon
му
verfortable verpus.
much I doubt not
yon
her
furt and will do, her best to
*ipistered 822
އ
تم
339
bring who her family well formet
L'aufortably. Sonny the
unfentanes of the head of a
family bing with this New
little to
я
mohamed
puss when ther
the reason
/ ረ
request
hope
myself
to subscribe
quat respect.
My Aunt
Jan Janney
Lomb and Steert
$ me 29.
им
1946
Uut the Government
ли
will
that view Laccede
ho 822
چنگ
822 Hongkong
RECEIVED
APRO
Jo to 184627
400
в
Hent Wette Ewart Gladstone
My
Husband Ungt Me Greger
resentere of Police at Uang Kany
That situation
haring
to hum
tu
Rousey
Me
character the had
C
in the
Pelici
thes
Meade
Soy can't
of all.
eight years
Busting
that Celony be write to four children between the
Wellm
& Gladstone.
desirous
I acceding
mai
Cherflex en
very
during eight years distreit_having
1
Dar
зигид всем
what portion he had fellet for six out
fermanently
settled in омил
hem there with
DCLA
years of age. I am
уши
بقوه
to his request but have not
with quest дисов
the means to accomplit it.
.ވ
therefore
himself to les
to your
ben
Joan Gurney
subundin trupert request that I may
вирил
a fere passage granted for reportf
миови
Forum beluch that
му
· foun
will have been
Colony
Jatt fartheful
был
husbands
Ivaluable
have
children
деми
Unt
چر
ами
with great
горив
Sarada
богат вре вредна
29 apoui W46.
No & Balaam Stant
Plaistow
401
ry
that this request had
. before. Do it not vo
her recents
I may It has
but there
a similar application promethe
wife of one of the Ithie Force - (see 721)
And bestellin
and wir
Jame at h
Month, of course, he thin
The former
Case
B
プ
My: May 2
...
her
suby
こだ
917 Hongkong
RECEIVED
MAY. 12 1846
Dieppe
7th May
A.
402
1046
I have had the home treceive from Lord Lyttelton your reply to my
зами letter of 20th Celt. Stating that had team thelieve there was likely to be a
A be a bacony in the situation of Surveys fenenl
and requeiting
in that care
of Cegler. to be transferred from Hong Kong to Hat Colony.
Imade
Regret to find that
a leglect which under the Circumstances was not proper then lotertained-Thome lift England
1
My releven & China, Lovin, bec obliged & leave Mos Gordon in England
in ce
sery precarions State of health
Aad
Gladstonn
Sta
ક
And I'benteure Chope that, in the event
of
Ces
to bacancy occurring at
Ceylin
I feel assured it will do (for
Wknow that the perform
duties presses to severely
/2
Surveyor General pom the state of his health as to make him most
anxious to retive) my
Receive
ее
A
ce heill
Ел. се
fammable consideration
atzour hands.
Than the Mona the
نگه
the at Ochent Lewant
?
403
بین
12 May and Lesstellung
аль
9
мга
эл
__
May
by my 13
hey
H
+
434
Tre
hey
1
Endeavor
357 Hreyking
novcian fineste 206 fereus Dresioni, à manch
RECEIVED
MAR.
1846
1846
405
ceived instructions from Exnover Obtains some information respecting
Lundby
The Leica Vanus advected to in an official Notificatio Lýmily M. Podul Dundas Cay register of the count in Hongkong dated the sypoventur tail and insertion in te lambro Newspaper
of which the following es à translation Politication to the beers and Creditors
Declared
Zické Jacobs de Meurth
Росия
The balance of the fiscurs of the Beaten deposited in the colonial Benny at Hong Kong. Parties Caiming to be entitled as Liens
otherwire, muit apply won mediality
necessary pro
Semiti
Wohli
Ilone
Lewray of the Colome
any such information
c'au
be
de obtained as your London
Office or any other public department où
in
in which case will fut obliged by the ame it 'Fring desirable to save the time which it Woned late to unite to Longtong for the stome
406
for
hell
Hanover
утону
лед
aschenhand
that the reformation
which the wrilin to his search.
Cunnol
}7 དྡྷ# -ན༑
Kingdawd
Hablamed
衫
Mich 3
this
?
tired
357ughing
437
March W46.
I Hallway Convullen! for Wanoven
Liv
1846
Forcanted by ment
Mundast to
ve Stephen
G
Lord Lyftellon
MSM Godsłone b
Lunedirected (W
(M.
Lecuting Gladstone tracks to receipt of your beter of
thed heat! Enquiring. with refernce
lates
wisected in
и
wa notice.
the Hambruge
themang алд
Recrpapers, whettem ang information can be given at this Office respecting pespect left at At thongy Ouke Jacobs de theerth, who reccult dind there.
веси
San
with
dereffe. Lantoin four there is no inform.
that
ill ou
- ation and this Office sufect,
nor does
Me Gladstan
suppose that any informati
be
respecting it could
of the obtaimed at any public
Departments in
havere
this
"
do Po4 Dongkong 408
804
Sin
300
din. 62 Jueen Stit 24. April 1846
has been informed
by a retired letter marked, "dead" Anclosed in
motes from the Post-
the death of
fill Secretary
my brother James Galhett,
was em
in
of
gent by Government the land office at that opface I shall fees much indebted of Words and the case, I me you will cause engring to be know particulars, if possible, at
rliest younenfest under
am
You
Hy
A Draphen By
ob servt Halkett.
B
J
Sir
847 Hong Kon1109
C.O.
MAY 4 1846
ween Street
جد
30th April 1846
I beg to return
You may grateful thanks your fee of 28" met Mr Gladstone could make M.
& for
If
an ingrury as to the fate of my brother, without.
much trouble Ishould bemont Thank it as I feel very xione Jam
Gor
Sir
an.
Your most obest det.
HJ Halkett
Irmes Stephen by
:
4 Tag and Systelling
Bufhose teal tie proposed. enguing th? he made. Mrs Manu
L.
Filmst
5
27 April
20 apt.
Nothing
What lo
だ
chett, dett
has not then reportal (this.
I have
In wing
1012 Hong Kow
May 27th. 1846
410
3
C.0.
MAY 28 1840
thisins personly respectfect com felines
Heine Jinsent
thee - Honorable Secretary, and trusts the the subject us
portance.
人
cards the
быше
dereits of her fabuily. onay form
ever for the liberty stea lakes in in addressing sein. Mit begs to
te that in march 1844 Mr. Helene Verses Jamity Lift Expland for Hong Kong
being appointed such qustice of the
Tom vetober miss Hulme died from and, M. H. at the same time was
inent danger from the same and though he recovered from the attack of fun bus strengthe hear
sive returned. In January 1845
was oblige, to leave thong Bay consequence of a dangerous illness tracked there, and Nast December
•
O was
H. arrived in England with her. viving daughter, who was in Cherna
very plearious state
iss Huture being
Attend
L
at: of health.
quistes con valescent
Misth. is desirous of returning to the thing purtice, but before taking this step the nentures to petition and solicit the- Krighet. Honnable you theman to give bi candid ponios, off lee
of
Le Cordo
idere cinder the peculiar and trying circumstan The Unes you live with be entitled to
Reterlily
Fusion, and furthere sh
ے میں
particulary requests the Post Secretar mes Busine
to commeminta to her the
prios when
may he
L
become availabic.
liest
The plans s. To zine ish, with be most gratefully
liined, ared_
Favor
esteemed
L
partind
st mud maternally englan
Mr Kutines proseeding,
to spouse the big tot Honorable
he with oblige nem with shall be considered bércitly private
con idential.
and
Elm Cottose
This the E
Grove Bron. plon
411
Fr. Jeans repen do to чере You: Dph 2072-5 June 145. reasing is Nov: 145 (.D. to Fry" 8 Dec;45.
nyo vey
reary
"1
21 Feby 46.
hob
with the Prensary
subject? O
meltethen
denne
Janner the lated car
arvangerment
де его
respondere pronashiel
younih furning that the hearing love ropeseed to
give the Civil forvine in
The Ruth Hovorable)
ious than that
any of the
a more favourable sealeoft in force in this Comity_dt nord ess Emcaines for there to decide whether this will accept that scale, with its consequent to t
have a
En of speelt from nerdgrefused
this were again
East.
Lay D's
६
brut
then Valarie
these temer one. lothings on & Mante
And destillin
unsfarse that the state of this case ma be sicher med tent of no not,
مر
Office
M
30
x
Entered
412
1082 At King 5 June 1846.
Ahm Cottage
Thistle Gone
Mr Kuline
Brompton
1946
onparden in pone
ONE
MBStephen
7. Mundack &
2
Lord Lyttelton
2
Madame
Javeducated GM
you left Anthong, and requesting to be informed requesting your feline with
circumstances meder which
27 Altins explaining the receipt of your leten of the Leet Gladstone Back. the
whether
Rension, and ifto, of that felony, Ba retiring be entitled, as Chief Justice
the
be claimed.
Earliest date at which such a Pension might
Sove
that MM. God? have Ireply June tonifoun Dans
a
to that established in this
of the Crown in Ikkory. scale of pensions servidar offered to the Civil thous
1
1
i
Tre
ance'
k
the Act 473 Mih
Counting & the Cameling 4.C54, comicong called the Superannuation Act - but it is not get known whether thone Offices with accept the offer. Should they do to
thy
they
would become entitted
after a period of notless
Than 10 years
service to
persions proportioned to kilength of such service. but no officer would be sulitted belaine such
веселет
unless
he had
کی
а
attained thrage of 5 years, on should produce medical certificate showing that he was incapable of anglonger continuing ins the discharge of his
his duties.
Same to add that M.
3
no
413
Gladstone Rasnawish
that
you
should consider
this communication as
Revati orfonfidentl
thauge
A
nce'
Treasury
1
'.
.....
t
1204 Poony Mo
Sir
CCT 8 1846
Long thong
414
62 Queen Street 5th bett. 1846
Shade the honor
to receive.
You
때
letter of
3° Get: 1846 transmetting copy
He ispatch received from
of Ibong Pione
I the
Gover
emor
for the trouble you habe When in procuring infor
mation
brothers
about my death, I bey to hetturn, you
my most grateful thanks.
any...
Your me obed con
Hy Halkett
-
६
M
M
M
RECEIVED
APR 13
746
604 Hongkong
88 Harley Thut
April 13. 184 6.
The Rev. Vellion Dean,
Ki
To me
аг
a with the Amaricon Missionary
meted
Chin
on a, has requested
на
ation to you.
415
American
Misionary
Anion
Cette
Me
g
affording hem
of some personal explanations
inity of
inch he is des cious
of making. In
compliance with his reques
to give him this letter, and
It hou
M. E. Gludstone
h.
h.
ん。
Zi
I heare venture a
ぞ
nore the non or be
You The vent desvant
Louirk Lane
This had better go ferro and with
W. be
S.H. N.Ap. 13
:
Enland
el
MmMcGryon
1846
Forvarded by MAY.
3. Mundad6 M&Stephen
Lord Lyttelton
G
Meriladstone
822 Stenshunch
416
4
7. May1846
Iamonictedby
to acknowlage the mitt ogansetter of-
the 29. Alline asschich
Fora
b
Straßten. Ihr gent
aur Childen;
and
Santo rigen yon, in
reply,
that there are no
Funds at his dispord
from which the expense
приборства be defraged
!
j.
In Me Martin
417
She also Bone Offeine, Binde
+ Cole Wilbrahame
گیری شوان
M2
T
Prasury
A
rtin.
Houghing
Papers relative to
418
M Montgomery Martins Elsignation of the office of Treasurerat Hongkong
ku A
مسلم
In martin has hutuu a
note wie ich h
"peans of his inditional riguation pays to touby hold not formally accpto år.
Itam if in acownsampled in Hnykay - c!? pil rum Manghe del pecccnd he will. Shortly and mind.
der
Mr. Gladitme
Mr. Jose'r noli
of
23
the 18th Dec tor beeus to ascertaris that dud Stanley, had accepted Mr. Mr. Mamlin's Resignations - if by acceptances
in such a case be meant the definitivne but unwritted decision to regard the hot as final.
I am bound to adel that if there be
419
be permitted to sa absoluti a prendent & principle of the most serious hind tool
pay sage that his Resignations si conditional note
be established
-
ly that,
the precedent & principle namely that a Public be any doubt on the subject Affine to whous leave of Absence is refuted may, notwithstanding stances of this case (which I can hardly perceive ) the encumstances
the case reen
to me at least, conclusion to show that Mt. Martin's resignations
Eught
t
to be heldt auchusive. becoding to the Gournoi'r de fort he has proved himself a very imfficient Public Servant. He hat
repeated by
boken through retäblished Aules by actctressing to Lond Staubing representations concealed pons the God.
most
of
on
Public Questions
thêm quili forenzie to his own proper province ashed have to come to England
land on
•
He then
Public business, and being rehati-
Id the Grr. to receive his resignations " until " (such
requested
are
his
who was
words ) " I can bring the subject through Un burdlary of State for " the Colonies, under the consideration of my
Sovereiges "Graciously pleased ten". It is to this forme that het. Martin's
allender in
sheaking of his Resignations
probably The Zur. accepted it unconditiona
unconditimally.
Carilimal
M. Martin left the Colon
J
Li
Paper, relative to the
with
pretext
thal schusal lake it will inhereiten under the feelest that he is coming to Europe to lay what he thinks simportant advice beffen
on matters which his Sommige his Soverige
management or enquing.
his
Mr. Martine B. answer that his is an
as he risenlains, the greatest living authority
rever committed to
weeplid
late
be
Le being
on all affaires of
this hind: and, therefore, exempt from the Rules to which orde Public Officers
Are
Whalion
subject.
may
be the birth
or error
of this precision
: is wondently inferhrible to found on it a distinctions in hd. Markis favour without subverting all subordination in all parallel cases.
If, however, it is not wise to take this broad & gineral
What this effect of
to say
how if, after such a
a proceeding,
Ground it may, perhaps, be sufficient to
lo this Guallimen could his Marlin's retintment was bring
ento operation Uie arcditional
¿
Bus. 1844 was made in favour of her. Stevn
efferintinent which in Pänd.
on the rentingency of ht. Martin's usiqnalinis. Such an ausin Casos probe much cachomasy. My
Lovever
thal and Stanley appears
andeice would
would be to
10
day simp
to ham considered this resignation as
2 that
pinal & & unconditional; and Utial Dr. Gladstone-comers with
his Ondresser in thinking that it ought to be so convidand.
I quite aper Thum
is no option
but am not give
Sam
humas wollen fuum. Alf dal
he into a private
Zrelo
Love
←
(copy).
Despatches and Correspondence on the British
Position and Prospecti in China
420
Financial report and enclosures by R. M. Martin forwarded through you? Davis 17 June, dick, to Lord Stanley
to the Lords of the Treasury, with enclosures
and
of may so and 14
Preport
1
June 17 a 19
on the island of Hong kong, its physical geography,
feology, climate, diseases, commercial prospects, financial
condition
transmitted & Ford Stanley
social state xs:
thorough for? Davis by R. M. M. 24th July 1844 with etter, and thence to Lord Stanley. To Lords of the Treasury
with letter. _ 1044,
Report on the island of Causan, its physical grography, climate, discares, mortality, productions - Political, military naval, commercial and social importance
mape:
-
with illustrative
ansmitted by R.M. Martin with letter 33th Aug?
and thence to the Earl of aberdeen:
To
1044 to you. Davis The Lords of the Treasury with letter under date China 14. How?
ناک
1044.
70
the Secretary of the Lords of the Treasury on compare memorandum =son between Hong Kong and Chusan under date China
a.
on
421 Hong Kong for Lord Stanley. Hov: 1065
points requiring revision
Mem. for Earl of Aberdeen on
To Sir R. Prel respecting Franch Mission to China 21 Dec: in China. Now: 1045.
minute on the British Position and Prospects in China Mem. for M. Jon Courn on a transmitted to you. Daire with letter under date China
reduction of £ 250,000
19 April. 1045.
To C. 2. Trevely with "Minute "de
a year expenditure in China. Now! 10165
Earl of Dalhousie Dec. 1865 on Letter to
an under Sect. to Lords of the Trearcery Report
18945
25 april 1845
"minute" as 25 april. 1045.
on
Council
China, and raggestions for opening trade with Japan, Corra, Siam, Cochin China Ke
To
Sir R. Peel with "minute"
on
R.M. Martin to Lord Stanley
of July 1045. with
England
dated Hong Kong
unclosures, respecting return to
Public Affairs.
R.M. Martin to Lord Stanley
dated Bombay 3rd Sep.
10145- with "Points for the consideration of H.M.
the British Position and Prospects in China. govt and appendices. Also Section II
"Commercial Report on
China" article
Fire and progress of the Tea Trade".
?
:
Hong Kong
Jan 20.1046
Mr. Montgomery
martin
wishes to know whether one
this friends may move for
before Paul?
production of his Reports
nd Correspondence
List of these
inc Cored).
Nee Stephuis opinion?
da 29.
J. Stephen Chinhto be cho?
a motion for them
k Gold
ould be opposed
"wrote to M. Martin
1.29
permissi
for myhis for
To
Five
422
Sir
*
423
Downing Street
Jan
29.1846.
am directed by Mr secretary
вий
Gladstone
Countery him your
Lo
thank
you for you
in communicating to
wish
Lo
have copies
of your Despatches and Correspondence
moved for in
Parliament.
It is with regret that hr. Gladstone
finds himself obliged
to acquaint
you that, having regard to the
unofficial character of most of
the mode of their transmision tolling circumstan
chose documents,
he would
be
under the necessity of Usiating any
màng
such
The member then Gut to get an ceding be motion if it should
madebat.
I have se
R.M. Martin En
S.H.N.
все
any
M. Martin
Jan 29
B
ft in deep 85.
"
fin deep-95:
44 Polen. uchlarz.
letter if
th
MINTA FOR PV.
›
е
75 Honghom 5184
424
2.
Athens
ther is 7th math, Shey to refer to my
Poprolence with Cor Divir Home 88 July last, by which twritte Reen that the tenderedt lisigna son of the office of Treasur
of.
Treasurer & Houghing
Kale as Come hained; conditional Notessen dent on the information Slaid before lison bilionul, deemed insufficent to Gestify
tify and
ning to Evstand. he myletter to Lord Stane by from my hory 48 helytart Sasked her Lordship sursßend duction until he had sterto rally heard my statemen
Дим
Con
statements, &to gran
веч
to to grant an quire previous to accepting inserig
nation
て
To the Pot Hrible a
M&Glage tone to for the Colonies.
Lord
me
L
Ments Transmitted, an Stoughtong and het been resolved to make thene asuby for the deliberation of the Cabina);
425 Conside
Lord Stauchy informined mobyletter that inconsiderable hazard Stauraficer in compliance with my request he had not
Come my duty as a faitiful servant of the formally acce
ceptiol
mylosignation, sown in Cina, whether I am aprine Lon 28t for last his Lorde hiß observed the hecould not discurs with one the stat prepared to proceed when orderent.
gave Mely inyoure
your equitable Coritule youreguitat bration, surite the request that assig
fficial Statements have becon suede Under these circumistancer it is lite subject of Cabinet discussione, -mitted that I was fully justified in cralso will be their letter, ting Coming to England in Julytart to ma what have been deemed important representations to Lord Stanley, Lord Aberchen, &soulbron, the foreft Treasury previous to the Fre
едней Sette in Janzor Feb 81846 ; & it is Consequent Inputfully suggested that South dess to for fict any (ommission the derived,
after cuplagment in Intervie having Usefully, Zealously, tat no
he
Ke
Jews.
val or otherwise from maternico_
Shave the houstobe. Sir
Your Most Cheat Hervant
AMs Martie
There is no such teliti in the publie Brooks as that.
nor any
letter whatever. or written (his Lordship, direction
alleeded to G. Mi M. Martin from Lord Stan
no
thera
15 Surf
Mr. Martins
how
ll
Martice's resignation
ader..
from come letter of hord
is not recor
whet
7
What
TOM 187and
ces, first a quolatinis Hanhig'i which
Fffice. but
conciliable with.
Neem
his Ladung's written
giang
M
subject.
and 2th a quolalin's
увид
прило
B
Enne my f
used by Roid Stanten.
his Kadhichi's
viva voce.
thin there
What the right
of.
Deric
been
said
Language
A
xayin 188
my of
town. I' this way.
a litt
Entered
Mr. 75. Houghing 21 Jan 1841
bouble follo
able dtfel! Wilbraham
Thanku 31 Jan148.
Vide
Forwarded y
1846
37 Mundoch 19 WR Stephen 19
Lord Lylletton
M.SEC Gladstone a
Jea
Secreting
شما
fecie
426
Leerolung. Gladelong to infance Jeuation. to M.
to an
Montgomery
that in answer.
Martine
Iruppon the less formal deaspig that it appeared fromther he worth is wore her I. repes is in hob site cords of the Office
preperable.
dance not quite une mai-
s.
the note to yoh in west de
handwriting-q,
hu Hopis.
ée that
sy deur die een hond Stanley had regarded
Mr Mading, resignation.
Wall
Mr. Moulgoming Markis some
to
Fur dines wrote so di: Gladstone li of the Rilecation of Freasurer request that his resignation of the Of Songs long as final, MGladstone harvina Office of Punsurer at doughing
८
hich the muclored
ungtil be agarded as Condestinel from that Gentleman, a Conditional only a might not the better of which
receplied. He
で
is an
1866
Extract. Asthene
war autward that "Haur wo trace in the Official
- affeand from the records of this correspondence of the leten
It appears
Hffin that dord Stanley hand
towhich MM. Martin allude,
did his erignalinis assinal, or of
regarded
In fact there is a
nol here in
the intimation which he states heirse of to have
is dudelif's handrailing to this received from Ford Stanley
his
effect. I Enclose
thie sefly
I suclose an extract from
which hd. Marlins hat
Im Gladstone dinclinée Im
e whether you re
to
13
C
184
all
1
and
1
able to verify thebstatement, difto, whether the terms ofang intimation, wheite Lord Stanileg maghave. conged to Mi Martine.
wither blette on
да
were such as
supposition
στα
made to this answer_
Son will
see that he quotes from some Letter and from some concursalind
андрия expressions at variance with the
Communications which has heew
made to him respecting dord Stanlegun lly acceptance of his resignations. Dr. Sladdline wither to know whether
to lead to the
that MM. Gladstone it is in gue power to throw an
had misunderstand hold
light on this real state of this
в
Stanley's vicios ar to M. questione & to explains the seaming
Martin's resignation.
..
ере
Contradiction. The Letter from
which W. Markis quotes must,
affercully, have been a private Letter as there is no record fit.
here. The conversations to whicks he
refers is, of course, unreaded. Probably it may be as gour power to suffely these deficiencies of our Official informalin.
Entend
W. 169 Along
Rr. Montgomery Karlins de
have
427
Borang t
31. Jans. 1846
Steflies - 29 Janf. 1045 I been laid befern die verlänge
Lind by tellin Dr. Leef. Gladstone - 24
Anal 3, Fab / 46
(195/
1
کام
Gluddline
Dest
415
van
to hack
helfen Come
Ju
ห
of
Uve 18th
state that "And
"I tanley informed her bey
Litter that
Four request he
"In compliance with " hand not formally accepted gene
"Asignalised" : And
Jan
"
add that on
"Une 28" hod. last his daddlife " theserved that he could not discuss
"the for the statements
Jon
Frans
as it had
witted in danghong, as
"keen resolved to make thene
" dulject for the delibenaline
"Pulinet".
of
In perusing this Letter her!
sue to with to
Gladston dinclid me
J. Colind Wilbrahand, who had ached
as and
Stammley's
Peräle deceburg
&aculous whether it was ins
A / Ce
ind power to thirr
aug light or
7
Nie antradictions between the state-
-ments I have this quoted and the
pcumenti
remaining
in this Office
in and Sailing's hand waiting
Per tie 274. Dirst. Colonel
Willerhand addressed & me his and^
! What
Inguin
sinde detten
of
Pali - a copy of which.
вл
• Gladston's directins I suclove for
Gen information. Ed. Gledation
desis on to add that he must
unsider this statement formid
Colord Wilbrahan dis dorsing thi
༡
Recession reprobing the vergination's
of gron Office as Erasurer of tung
Kong:
and that he must
regard that Ansignalies as having
Teichpre
in
| been finally and suroveably
incrrcably
accepted by and Stanleg
I have
27 Jan 146.
:
1
;
از
fr 29/12/10 Hongkong
Jang 46.
12
428
hireply to your site geforday Sheption_ Guine whether MV Secretary Gladstone will sanction
laid before there being Parth my Patert on tongtong (24 July 1044) Report on Chuson (30 aux + 1844) L Minution the British position &prospects in China (19 April 1845) - These were all transmitter officially to God - Davis with Decorlipanying letter, & were forwarded by the bar- to 4 M. Minister.
for the production of these Pafus & Within dhonse of Parliament w. he resisted
Other reasons
might be readil
added, such as the massity of publishing
all the fort contradictions & unfromable refirts
referle of X. kaiken. But their would my permetting head to useless altercations
I w. suggest also that whether it
is not due to the for that the efusal of this Papers (if they be refused) shd.
toke obligations con An early supply willad in Suspense in England marly three months As I have been Hept
-fessed
fir
your" "Shed faithful
=
Private Sees -
You Northede for
A Martine
& PET
be written in a Public and Offeral Letter 31 fans. And achttelling
In consequence of the preceding noti
hr. Martin's Letter has been registrer
WG 7.2
429
это
G
m
~n m
recognego
Public Papers,
ло
Marlin save out
упоро
your
мо
m
my
из
drichung
Suasiver of Houghag
Parlia
Ly
M N
m
путран
off gypsy FX-
w my vy
empien gehe so würchte zug
Mr. Stephen
I inclose a copy of the reply
M. Martin yesterday.
good enough to tell me
You
will you
whether the papers named
in this note should be allowed Chinle
to be pointed for Peult.
.S.4.4.2.30
of
that Mr. See:
cannot
روح
Anid 6 Feb.
Sir
195
291 loomsbu 25 Houshong
29/Bloomsbury
6.0.
FEB. 4
1046/
Fab846
430
red with
with you
Samfavoured
Ра
letter of 31 any enclosing letter pone the double Chall
Vorming me that Gladstone Considers the Cones pondence closed as ryards muy designation of the Treasurership of Honghong
Jame
e e
equally unwilling to fentany this correspondence, Bréget having
caused so muc
Habrealy
but cannot in sustice to say
Snow Make
Reply
Zelf avoid the Ve
without however sucking
Motherstone any atturatione the decision at which hellas arrived.
Res
pet Snever said a word to Lord Stanky eupy (husan in my interview of 28th God. Seeferred Robby to Houghtony-which wa in biis Lordships Defon ton which Ex James Stephen S
лет
Undersus settle
Colonial Office
J
+
I
1
T
2
bent that morning & Incencorandum offering to sound in detail that Houghtony could never
could never bea Colony Commeniel Enstoring Military port or a colitical Statrick ! Lord Stanley holding that Meni " in his hardtaid (as I under Stood kime)" connet dis uus this with you as it has been aschend to breake your state muito a Eubject for the consideration the Cabinet . " On hearing this remarked then Shave nothing morto say "
e
Misappr
kaid
2nd Lord Stanky misaffen= trended me if he supposendkänd I knew That Committed foulto Must hear the Renaty them.
The words Sused mere " Spear Shave incussed
our displeasure Lord Stanley in coming to Eustand, but fee
feel Lassured thathad your Lordship hemplaced in cryti- -tuation Keen the waste & public
You
24.
Money tour inipoting in China
Laira
leitue
You would have atted archan done. Idam Copaga
Benatly In this fouth Amate which Scannt Afford at least have the Batisfaction ofnowing that the canafine.
Will khodece
Com
Flothe
431
Country declare on anyhower
that these mere as nearty Possible. The words used; & I Certauchy did think that if myvidir respecting the British position &prospects in Cina were worthy the Consideration of the Cabinet wither in poster in the whole, that Suruldast
be required to make the tand peat camafire Offorfectory dy couplogement it
The best proof. I can give of a conviction that I don't desire the penalty inflicted is by reiterating my correct
anet
Colicitation that My ladstone will permit me to have
my
Puffers the laid before Parth
Restor
camint conclude without expressing exey misfortune at hourly Misunderstand. Lord Stacks, tobing axisap prehended betis Cordship.
will dome
May Theygon the favor In placing this ex- letter before 810
The Sfernently
my
nott add to ou
cathy by denying
Public.
Are
the hour to the
most ted. Servante
Lind Lyfteller
about the res.
J. Martin's Re
off the 30th Alte
achnowling
who
intered
7057
In 190 Hongkong
R. Kevalgomag Racken Bag
W. Sephew
Dr. Suflen - 4d die Land Lythallins
Mr. Secret ? Gladstone - 4
Fuse 2 J
+ Page 33
Printed. Volime
Bowning
}
432
6. " Feb: 1846
I am dunstund by M. hurling
hid
Gladstone to enforme que that gour
dithis of
and
of
the 30: helt: to hd. Northerl
thie 8°. dest: Chr. Sufcher,
have been laid before hims. In
answer to
8. Enguing whellen hd. Gladstone will sanchins then being.
laid before Parliated
ал
8r. report on Dr. Hong of the 24th July 1844,
Hour Refert on Chusand of tut 30.1 Aug. 1844, and
San
Minuli
ww
British position and prospects in
China of the 19th April 1.845;
and dinclid to inform que
Stadition cannot acente
ал
that W.
any
Official characlin and any
Minich lathridge to any report made ley yow, weeshing only
excepting
as
far as such reports related to the discharge of
Un duhes
the
oh gen Offin
as duaseme of thing
mi
میں
t
I
T
capacity alon
gono for
were
winfloged
lang dt. dis hermit. Ed. Gladstone
by
thinks that he should establish
a precedent, full of inconvenience,
j
he comenrred in the production
to Parliament, and the printing, at Uie Public Exfence, of Reporti
Minulis drawn af ley que ou sabjects with which
no
Jow
A
w
Official concerns; and,
&nd
ow
H.
m
hand
which
were not invited by Mr. His fer-
lo calor.
For these reasons
Rection for the productions of those Papers to either d.
of. Parlic mut.
2. be resisted
of the hown.
by
Un Ministies
I have Jea
a
1
Buy 29 Bloomsbury Square 27 March 1846.
سنگ
367 Hongkong
In reply to i
"
R.2 1846
Co
стни
1 PARL
433
cation
of 27th Feby (just seed) stating that W= Gladstone would with meto reserve any request for an interview until after Thad placed before him astatement of my com duct in China & present circumstances irrespective of the general discussion which thought it my duty to raise with respect to Hongkong __ Ibby to forward here- with and the tract of my proceedings in "China" "Which Sconfidently hope will on detailed examination prove that I was a faithful & diligent servant of the house, Fan honest s
t Steward of the important. trust reposed
Save therefore as ious to have the most searching seruting conduct in every pout of arew
a
osed in me,
into mo
my Public &parivate, & this Searnestly Lolicited, from Lord Stauly previous to his acceptance
of..
A
my
of mysesignation, in aletter of 8th July last
Jame therefore subjected to asevere pecuniary which I requested Gor Davis to formbed to thes
forward
loss which I cannot afford after au luttring Lordships.
With reference to the 2nd point- devotion of twenty years in laborious by " present Circumstances or position, Illy -pensive exertions for the National weal to state that it will be seen in my correlpon (as shown in the accompanying Memerander deme with Gov. Davis intune Adely beet &, what is of still greater consiguements that the tendered resignation of my office me, my conduct in was in obedience to what I conscientiously belived to be an urgent sense,
I
used
Apublieding
sense open
ие
Conduct in China is rendered.
434
entreat Gladstone.
questionable.
Suspectfully
to scrutinize, so can do the originating
hasbeen
that the resignation was constrained because to permit a Committer of three gentle Gor Davis refused
me six months furlough - men to examine the whole of my (which it was in his power to grant) although
proceedings in China, offered to resign allsalary dyet preserve for as human being nuigheavy
securities to the Queen ; & that my motives for my conduct, _ &t to report whithin resignation was conditional Schependent
Jam deserving of the injury which hashan inflicted on
forende dvouring to amend The acceptance of a resignation thus what were clamed National errors, compulsorily, wrung from
rung from me without an enquiry
or investigation maybe deemed. tantamount to a declaration that my conduct
a considered capself
that my conduct considered myself unworthy ofccplaymat & the motives in which it Originated, did not justify the step which I fett compelled to take.
on my conduct being disapproved in
hing disapproved in England.
on me
any magnitude,
magnitude, for which if Shad remained silent & inactive Ishould indeed have
of any kind in factorthy of amplament
Last named qurther an
Witefiore
my accorbuts as WW Treasurer under &M. Other Hamilton of the Audit board: the wuran boving had all Treasury, - Wte fiore Secptothe Boardistrati referred to, - namely Mr Trevelyan Seef to the Gentlemen will conversant with the subjen I would venture tosuggest the names of three
his
Supervision.
decision at which these three gentle Swill cheerfully how to any
-желто
may.
arrive
and
Shave the home to be
Fir
Colonial office.
Astrable to Elladstone Private Secretary to the
Stafford. At Northerte Got
Your Obeds of aitiful servant
R. M. Martice
435
M. Stephen
M. Martin called on me the other day to ask for
an appt. with E. Gladstone.
in thing and present position
no
the subject of his conduct M. Gladstone directed
me to request that he would first fromish him with
a written staternent of the points he wished to
bring forward
to which request this is a
He does not quote my
refly.
ately
асси
•
S.H.M. Mich.2.1846
2 March and dyshelling
My opinions
นา
that hat.
traction this Letter shad
he
egistered, and that
hi answer to t
Mr. Markiss?
be told Wat.
ساست
note quite
of oral
communications, and that, therefore, he trusts that
Mr. Marlins will consider it
ал
closed.
I and quili convinced that W. Marlies
correspondents from whom we sent ado
and on met
Jam
whomo
no
benefit
гуз
говнова
nothing
is one
и
those
of the is to be gained
be conferred, and who
are
find Ich
arly by a cold, distant and firme repulse. If
apaid here.
77-7
safely
is no alternatin int as he Stephen leggesto to duchin
any such referner, thorny Lantidipate no advantage from farther communi
Catimes between us on a
subject of wh ur buku views to widely different,
Wes mich 2.
devolve on the Geuthmer he has mentioned, or on any other persons.
видий
I wo add that after reading, the Office of instituting
Lim can
which he has suggested b which
this Letter and its enclosures anticipate no advantage either to or to the Public Service
Dr. Marhis himselt
!
by palaging the disparis
wither in the form of a written coresponde
on in the
Dr. Gludation
Cannoi
عيه
mus
E
2
m hispmay
"Memorandum of exortiores, for the
Public welfare.
I wenty years have been sedulously devoted by Mr Martin to an investigation of the Colonial, Commercial and Financial affairs of the Brition Empire. Ten of these, have been spent in visiting the Colonies, and Ten years in circula- years ting the information acquired: the result of some of his labours has been as follows:
I
8,500 Copies printed
History of the British Colonies; five Vols., 28 Maps, Charts, &c.. II Marquess Wellesley's Indian Despatches; five Vols., Maps, Plans, &c., 8.000 III British Colonial Library; ten Vols. Engravings, Maps, &c., IV Eastern India; three Vols, 200 Drawings, Maps, Plans, &c.
& Statistics of the British Colonies : one large Vol., 3,000,000 Figures, Seals, &c. . 3,000. VI Political, Com ! & Fin! Condition of Anglo Eastern Empire in 1832, 87%. 1,600 VII British Relations with the Chinese Empire in 1832, 8vo VIII Taxation of the British Empire; with tabular views, the.. IX Past & Present State of Tea Trade of England, Europe & America .
C
به.
22,000.
de
4,500.
de
de
do
3.000.
de
1.500.
.de
1.500.
di
.3.000.
de.
1.500
do
1,500.
de
1,500....de
12.000
do
de
I Analysis of Parliamentary evidence on China Trade, 1832.. II Colonial Policy of the British Empire: Part one, Govt. XII Marquess Wellesley's Spanish Despatches; one Vol. 800. XIII. teland as it was _ is _ and ought to be ; Tabular Chart; &c .. XIV Colonial Magazine : Seven Vols. 8°°, completed, Engravings, &c., XV Poor Laws for Ireland, a measure of Justice for England, &c, pamphlet, 10.000.
Colonial Atlas, with Maps of each Colony, engraving. Cast & West India Lugar duties equalization, - 40,000 copies distributed. Monetary System of British India. - 10000 Copies distributed. Various Pamphlets on Commerce, Finance, Shipping, &c.
пок
The
The foregoing Publications comprize about Seventy Thousand Octavo Volumes ; illustrated by numerous. Maps, Engravings, Plans & Statistical Charts, and they all refer to subjects of great national importance. mere mechanical expenditure on these works, for printing, paper, Engravings, &c., has been upwards of Twenty Thousand Pounds Sterling!
To defray these heavy charges - to pay Assistants, and to provide for personal expenses during twenty years unremitting toil & costly labour and travel not the slightest aid has been furnished by Government ; - but relying solely on
his
inergies, and out of own limited resources, Mr Martin has prepared the first complete " Cistity of the Birritish Colonies" and by his unceasing options has awakened an interest in the Public Mind for our trans marine possessions, whose extent and condition were. heretofore imperfectly known, and their intrinsic value inadequately appreciated.
his
own
In addition to the preceding mentioned labours, Mr Martin has zealously contributed to promote varions useful objects. The Colonial Society " of London was consequent
on
his Works, and he has endeavoured to
437
!
-1
rtin.
one
our
"
a doance its landable objects. The "Central Agricultural Society" "qudition of India and the Colonies. by which the landed interest was united for the protection and
It has proved
a source of sincere gratification to Mr. Martin incouragement of Agriculture, at a period when it was threatened hat his conduct abroad and at home was deemed deserving the gracious with destruction, (1835-36) had its origin mainly in his exertions, &xpproval of His Sovereign, William IV", who was pleased to command the for two years he acted gratuitously as one of its honorary Secretaries. Judication of the "History of the British Colonies" and the "Marquess He also cooperated as Honorary Secretary with the Traiety for the Wellesley's Dispatches " _ and his presentation at Court; _ and to express Protection of Domestic Industry" which was superintended by a Committed to the Colonial Office the Royal desire that he should be employed in of twenty
Members of Parliament; where of C.S. Cayley, Mr. P. was Chairman het Department of Government stating that "This Majesty took an interest and which had for its leading object the union of all classes engaged in Mr Martin's welfare":"
Her Most Gacious Majesty Queen Victoria, in land, manufactured and Hlade.
has also vouchsafed Her Majesty's benign commendation of Min Martin's In order that he might obtain an accurate view of the josts for the welfare of his Country . working of
Banking System, Mr Martin made a tour throughout One of the greatest Statesmen who have shed lustre on this er England visitery
and Scotland, to the extent of 2,500 miles, during which he visited my other age (the Most Noble the Marquess Wellesley) has
conferred the nearly every public and private Bank in the kingdom; and for twele month much prized boon of his friendship on Mr Martin, and this monthsmuah he officiated as Honorary Secretary to the "Commercial Bank of Londonbrief but unavoidably egotistical detail of public services, may well The Bank of British North America " was planned, & its preliminary be concluded by annexing
nexing a Copy of a letter from the Nobler Marquess proceedings were organized by Mr. Martin; and other Colonial Bank to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, of which Mr. Martin may had their origin
in his advice & information. The "Bank of Asia" for justly feel proud, as it emanated from a mind of the most lofty, conducting bychange operations between England, India and China, was generous and enlightened character, and pre-eminently distin- flamed in its plan and principles, by Mr Martin, and its organization was quished for ardent patriotism, which for more than half begun and completed by him. Eight thousand Shares of the value of £100 caca century, has been officiently devoted to the maintenance were subscribed for in a few days, on its first announcement, in London, and of constitutional liberty;
of constitutional liberty,_ to the extension of christian civilization - Six thousand Shares of equal value wise applied for in India. and to the preservation and permanent prosperity of the whole
an
These observations demonstrate that Mr Martin's labours have British Empire. not been restricted to those of a merely literary character . He has visited
several times, the
manufacturing and Commercial districts of the United: Kingdom; - and since his return from the Colonies he has traversed a part of the Continent of Europe, including Germany, Switzerland, Belgeund France, &c., and examined the progress of their trade and manufactures . Mr Martin is one
-
-
Kingston House, Knightsbridge,
You
17th November, 1840.
and
of the few surviving Officers of the disastrous surveying My dear Lord, and exploring Expedition of A. M. Vessels Leven and "Barraconta" employed
Your Lordship's uniform kindness under W. F. W. Owen, on the Coasts of Africa :
and on the Shores and Rivers of the obliging attention, induce me to trouble,
with a request, " Castern and Southern Hemisphere; and for his services he received the
in the success of which I am deeply interested, from motives marked commendations of the distinguished Commander of the Squadron. of gratitude and friendship, as well as from a sense of public
During the last four years Mr. Martin has been an active Member duty. of the General Court of Proprietors at the East India House, whook his
Several respectable friends of the present Government, disinterestedly assisted to obtain freedom of Commerce for British India - from the same sentiments, have already expressed their concur- to procure the adoption of a permanent moderate settlement of the land tox rence in my opinion, and have declared an
anxiety equal to and to promote the Social and christian improvement of one hundred million mine the same subject. of our fellow subjects. He has been several times examined before Committee of Parliament, on financial and mercantile measures : - and in 1840 he was
- nearly three weeks under a strict interrogation on the Commerce & relative
mine on
Our object is to see Mr Montgomery Martin ( à gentleman well known to your Lordship, and to the public) employed in some : station in which his eminent talints and extraordinary industry and
438
#
1
diligence, and extensive information might be rendered usefuls
the Empire.
My friendship for Mr Martin is founded
вы мо
I entrusted him with the publication of the documents connected a to light th my administration of the British Empire in India; a Work he has
has completed to my entire satisfaction =
Work
367 Hongkong
439
Iment 1846.
which M. Martinlyst.
most
This work necessarily involved the most confidential com munication and intercourse, by which I am
by which I am enabled with the perfect certainty to pledge my honor to the integrity, ability, kinest year and indefatigable spirit of industry by which this worthy Gentleman ha obtained so high ax eminence in public estimation.
Mr. Martin has made the affairs of the British Colonie and of India, the more especial objects of his laborious studies but he is also better informed
on the interesting subject of Irelan (more particularly on the operation Union with Great Britains) than
operation and result of Her Legislative with . _ Generally, his knowledge of Statistics is most extensive an any person I have ever converse most practically usiful.
anxious
My gratitude towards this Gentleman renders me most for his welfare; but I would not recommend him to your Lordship, if I were not satisfied that his active employme in the public service, would be benificial to the Empire, and honorable to himself and to your Lordship.
I have the honor to be, with great respect & esteern,
My di Lord,
The Right Honorable
Lord John Russell,
&c.,
&c., te
"Colonial Office .
Your Lordship's faithful Sewant,
Wellesle
1846
Forvarded by man joen 6?
TStephen
Lord Lyllellen Podlaktone
3-
6.
Im Sureting Gladstone to acknowhap the Meipt of the Letter thick your addrefest This Private Sunting
on the 2nd Litant
encoring
Chiria
lbstreet Proceedings in
Supporting
the apponitment
Committee &
three Gentlemen
byar
ine int
and
report exporthere follwig.
+
440
SpGlastone desier
me to inform you
سمير
that
he Cannot devolve
the Gentlemen you have mentined,
Wh
Z
other persons,
the Office of instituting
th
expinies
which
préhene suppertise. Samtnold tha
after a pornoal of
Lether and the
Document check
accompany
Mr Gladstone Cen-,
一
from
Anticipate Lavintage from
forthen Com
discussion
T
subject getect.
Le entitions views
Sovides different
вок
by
Sir
کا برگر
Vice Li
19/Bhonsley Snore // Marchto
ECEIVED
C.O.
MAR. 12
401 Howking
441
In the 3rd Te pr lost thaus mitted Lord Stanley à Report on the ricet progress of the Era Trade. Schall fee. obliged by a copy of that report bring furnished me, as Jam puparing
axeneral Commercial Resport on Gesina to
to lay lifere We Gout
Leefore
Share the hour tote
Lir
Your Obedt Lut
PR. M. Martin
The James Stephen Ete Under Secpoftate
forthe Colonies -
pres
and Lebeleind
that their course
the original Report from the card
it & the Wiile?.
his pich is
Jo
will be to oblanis
завод
ན
to retion
5.
b. 401 khong hong
11 maugh
P. defevre My Sie
1346
Forwarded b. MAR! 3[/hudock 14 18 Siophen/4
LordEx Felton
If Sec Gladstone
дотриму
442
17 Manty88.
With refere
ny
30, Sam
would
form ?
letter of this typeut directed & Mech Gladstone torquent that you move the Lords of the Comm for hade Wreturi Department there portion the Fra Trade dracon up
Is ther
by M. Montgomery
Martin.
Климен
ере
*
BEC
B
MAL.13
тат man,
Smay
in t
421 Houstrous.
443 Minarch sib have witressed for
my unceasing
disinterested labours
Our Colonies.
of maintaining the primitler which sustained these labou wrote the accompany. -ing her. Coubriquently fett
to compelled to retierne & England to subst tiate them personally to stayout. For this conduct which Shoped would have been deemed
res I have been temerely punished. You have the power to conged the misapprehension by which this has been caused. These doccements are now therefore sukingitted to Afford you lissodis. posed the gratification of doing an act of Justice to Sir-youds
thest Sent
Z
stephen fr R.M. Martin
undersery oftate
Colonial office.
ག་
A
AL
2912
27 Bloomsbury Square
16 March 1846414
друг
VED
123 Hong Kong
After four mouths
fruitter's endeavours to obtain investigation of my conduct in China, Shave been Eclue_ -tantly compelled to lay the accompanying Papers be for AM Yout! Ifuel conscious That Shrove done nothing to justify the treatment Shave rectives, which would fxin hope has arisen from some misconcep- tion which the papers Trave
now
the honor to
Remons
submit may Strust remove
Share the hover The setsouble your obst. J
tobe Engbord
Yourobest.t.
Lord Lyttleton . M. Martin
Colonial office.
18 March and bestellen Outly? If
sex 421 A kay
Me hich 18.
18 Munch
مد
intis 0423 en zalles - privati untoficial many official &apos
And Letter
Publi
Wely hich 18
بورگ
!
2
Witcomsbury Square 4:5
520 Hongkong
C.O.
APR. X
we
31 March 1846
had the honor.
you a printed. krounding
lazing before
in China.
2
nearly fine mouths in Exstent, & desuthfully,
submit that Shane
сел
my
Idid.
chein
duty as a
Cautiful
the treatment.
soreduct of the Cown,
donot deserve
Share
experienced unless &M sout disbelie my
Statements,
to amend those
Unsworthing
three provesting Which Shone Ithink demon offrimane.
shated an error.
importance.
Honble.
Underthese circumstances
Gladstone
Cote office.
:
Shey to enquire whether You
will grant
astersonal
interview to enable
mu
tosubstantiate mystatements:
or
R
6 Apul 184.
446 6
and/ Whether
will permit
avenguing into my conduct While hue China;
چی
30%. Whether you will offer to opposition tomy friend in the Legislature obtaining
enquiry before Patiente into nufotitemente
Au
Show the hountore
dir
Four the Pervant
A.M. Martin
Sii
I am duicted
by Mr.
Secretary Gladstone to each the
rect. of your
in
Leller of the 37th neto.
31
you enquire 1th whether
which you
he would grant you
a personal
interview to enable you
to
sebstantiate the statement which
дал
dry sulmitted of
have already
your Proceedings
R. Mr. Martin Expre
2.9 Bloomsbury Iquare
ginger &
in China
ли
2nd
01
447
2 Whether
Enduct while
any enquing into your
in
في
China will be
pemitted _ and 3? Whether M.
Gladstone would offer any opposition
to a Parliamentary enquiry
дал
statements.
Mr. Gladstone
inform you,
inte
desirès
to
сте
ли
синни
that he is
not at present aware that there
is
any question depending between H. M's Gest youself which could
be made the subject of discussion at a private internen, of an enquing in or out of Parhamment.
Me
apprehend that hang reagired
your office at Mary Kay,
your resignation having been
acepted, you
any
мо
layer stand
offical relation to the
Gvemment _ and WM's Gerenment-
do not deem it convenient to
enter uite
you
any discussion
scussion withi
on the questions of Chinese Pokey to which your Policy
several
communications to them relate.
I am to add that allhe
Mr. Gladstone is not aware
any
caute
for enquing.
стая
ли
Parliament, into your statement
his reply
be must reseme
to
секид
you
your question whether ofportion
would
- ་ -ཅམས། ཏ་ག
!
would be offered on the hart
3
of the Goverment to such engiing until he shall have been
apprized
in a
manner
more definite
of the nature
ский
proposed air of its
and
I have the bener
يش
(Syed). Lyttleton.
4
→
448
nigh
HAT
and Bestellen.
My infusions is that the profer
ansson in substance to
äutter is . be that Dr. Gludstom is not aware that there is my quest its defending behmens t. his hornt,
and hd. Martin
which of be made this subject of discussion at a private
in or act of Parliament.
thout in. Martins having resignnd his office, and his designation being been accepted, be
2r brigen
sland
-What
бо
dator. to the Gor
accusalind against him has been preferred to or
128 pending]
and that
游哦
SY H
venient to culin
discussoris artit horis
to which his
his comme
of the nature and propond aim of such inquiry
preap
uutil
Ishall han brun made reass
тут
a nun definite
do not deem
Z
this questions of general policy
to them ulatê.
that they I am not awan pany cause
I am dispont to cut the part in brachets, & toadd
faiquiry
huuli
in Fault into his state-
hunts I must reserer my
reply whis
question
A
ཉག་་འ་དགྲུ
Entered.
R.M. Martin
1846
Lord Lyttelton
WBSicphen
MR Muchock 44
Forwarded by Arn
4
MS Gludstime 4
520 Smykny
type
di,
8. Apulp!
IN
449
6. Apil1046
4の
Jardinstedt byth.
ん
etting in check yo
hehnawhape the muist Sunting Gladstone to
Letter of the 31.t.
в
میشه
نے کے
Z
Benable
е
=
2nd Whether
Proceeding
Submitted offen
which you have chang
Shahate the Statement
مها
ん
in Chine
все
emping
permarthed - and zors whether Mestedstone would offer any opposition
stile in China will be
:
450
M.Gladstone desires
met
to
informs you
at present
hot and
isany
that he is
deem it Convenient to enter write any disenfrein
wthy
the Jestions
Chinese Poking to Mil
in
Jur
that there
question defending
and genralf
which
Could be made
the Inbuil
& discussion at a. private Interviews, or gen
An engering
He apprehends that
in
mont
the Daving Usigned, zeer Office at thing,
Kong, and your begantin
living
hun acceplet, longer stint
no
Official Wlition <&AM
to the Gover
monks
do
not
opporitime and be
several Comen
mection to them white.
Santo add that
hithe Illadstone is
Jany Cause.
in Puchenint
for legering Atements
inte
سر
ち
he must reserve his
by
offreed cutlupach helheten hose such engin
Athcharts
4
mutil he shall have been
appinized in a
definite
of the
nature and proposed
t
7
416
Mansfield House
Ever wihabridge
1846
air 575 Whong? April 1016
RECEIVE
APP. 8
451
Thitty Article of the es of yesterday contains His following
ze
"Honghong has quite caste as a place for mur. tite opérations. Many the Murchants hadal. ady abandoned the island Since. The beginning of the inpofthe present year
two firms
had per w/o their extablish_
"
mento; two more
Landing
fold
had expressed
their determination Foquit
"the Colorry; -totte is were
" hesitatiipalem it following this You for this acting in ae
&.
"example,
wat most often Corélance with what f "ring a clerk in possession deemed an urgent & respon
ringacter " to forward goods or letters." sible tublic duty Sam now
Sheleive the forgoing subjected to secure punish the a true statement; it is ment, and all enquiry, intemple confirmation of into my conduct, or the me the port on Storz Konig Lati
le Itong
ilaus iste of qualification July 1844 - which was trans 4. Such I love to cabrostly solicited.
Mhich mitted by Goor Davis to the in public estimation is
Gourdains Colonial Office; _Niter, &derind me.
inspectfully submit, in
Justification of myhaving
Show the hour to be
come to England to bring Your Obedient & faithful
this tothe'r equally.
miv.
- understood & nice-reppresent to the
Portiones &four affairs ine
CM Martine
Hot Houhle
China under the immediate & Gladstone.
Pserious consideration
H&M. Govern
7 71 71 LED
x
Anisery fotate
Colonial Resortment. (Departurent.
1
ي سميت به بالا
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gay my momy
пробо
Intered
R.M. Martin Ly Mansfield House
Iven
Wahnage
1346
APRY
Murdock #Stephen D Lord Lyttelton
ESEC Gladstone a
575 Hongkong
hi,
بو
453
15 April 1046
Saver donetest by
L
Mr.Sendary Gladstone
Jending to acknowledge the Receipt gezindetter z. the 7. Intent Calling zür attention to the "Cit brticle" in the Times Auspeper gitte blo Furlant in the subject of
Strykany, which you Consider the a just= Living
Chummed Bhaglend to
of the
bring the State gylle
under the.
Coliny
Gunderchin
Refere
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+
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april Lad Lyttelton:
If it be right to answer at all (which.
the
аншет
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inkether the Statem
be doubtful
嫁
ing
Gladstone
:
desires
me
babsence, that
ir answer,
г
Whether the Stalnuent in
Surfapers
the Times', he Accurch,
to therwise, Le Cannet
пле
achnowhape.
of
за
that it
Juber=
was the duly yo dinate Officer ytte Goverment of tougheng to repair to this Counting without the Consent, or
dissent rather after the refund
ytte Consent, the foremen
Eay to be these facts before H. His fovemment.
Jame
1
Mio
April 14
"d
هه
Paintedt.
с
APR
Mansfield House - duar, mar
42 Hongkong
d.
Lyttle tour con
comme
8. April 1846.
Uxbridge.
454
Bd this dayhonoured with Ford.
ication of th hurt wherin his Lordship stated that you are " not at present 1) aware there is any unself which couldbe.
te
& made the antijet of bliscussion at a private interview of any enquiry in or out of
Parliament."
Verden
think you are still insserfectly, informed the causes of my conditionsa esigention, soffice; which was not tendered until had vainly endeavoured for more than
on
myour
accon
Voi
twelve nonthe to check what Srinived as an letter waste of the public exconc to axeriores extent, as testified in the panying Concepsondern; when at page 17 - it will be seen that outfit une 1844 - Recommended, in proof of my
office sincerity, the abolition of my with the hope that the attention of Will Gout would thus be awakened to the Freestate of Affairs at Nong Horzi 14 Nov. 1044 (Jage 65) Sevenes tated that I "Could not crise cuatiously, continue to receive my kolory Fremane silent when pered that a great irror had been com "" _mitted" which it was not too late to rectify; and" page 72) that "any suffering or degradation the pursuance. would be preferable to bitirding the sure- " of ane
fraught with rroneous course of policy pronglet wit guest injury, to England which maybe avorted by promete pildiciones & Timely sucssures.
"
и
4
the Set Houbl
(12
M.Elladstone
дел
We Sus of State - Colonial department,
. 2
The fort had marred Keverestill incurring e very large expenditure ou Hong Hong without having had any detailed Report on the place
ou I thought Sshould have neglected my duty had Inot endeavoured to remedy this defect. Myre put outhougtong" was therefore comple led 24 July1044_forwarded by God? Davis to the Colonial office. Sam ready to subatom- trate the truth of eung statement contained in that report_whisk howmer from motives was unheeded, as mere alsoncz brent representationgs for a reduction of the
expenditure,
diture, at the these views were forcibly sustained belomiphene Geffend Comfent Miller in their Reports by the Treasury. Understanding in Julylact that it was in contemptation to expend a further sum
Public
mr
of several million dollars.
ша
on a barren
useless rock which the British Merchants declaredtto Sordstanly (13 augt 1045) was mover "actually I tually rege wired for the purposes of commerin I which they are "now abandoning")" (Times 6 april 1846 Sought six mouths leave of absum, offering to resign allsalary, to retain my securitus to the (rown, to defrag sugexpences. overland to England to resigne mglom - - mission should my conduct be disappro- -? eduthome (sup/14) the leave this sought
was refused as Gourdavis
mas aware of ung determination to carry out what I thought was concet, it was as Sheline dessions of Conferring my affiontiment on his rela tive No Mercer. Conceiving that atorvant of the Gown is asteward of the public interests, that he is bound by his oath the Christian Mora.
lity to incur aussacrafice rather thane permit (contermance of what he corqsiders tote serious
wear in
seriously, rjudicial to the notionals & in the hope
WHe fort would ultimately, a po porciate my conduct;
tagant
་
I
I was cores trained to tender my conditiona resigiration until Jsouth bringthe whide subject under the full tunbiased consi
duration of the foot (see ppp!!! to 110)
455
Previous to mug departure fr China, Flikewise sime mgdrrival in England Iexplained the amendments Pretrenchments which appeared requisite. You 13 For = last Spaustother Chanciller of the Exchequer, at his repercent, the attails Hapton by which £250,000 a year night
Mesaved in China.
ma
that
Lord Lyttleton. informes the tendered noguration gig office houng
been accepted I" notors
forkland inaug "official relative to sout & that Mlle Sout vericent to enter
on the towhich " into any discussion with me ou
"donot damit com
questions of Chimice to
200
11
penal comic unctions for themietate ..
In other words, - after devoting inconsiderable portion of the most valuable periodoping life to the source of the Crown with industry, honesty & Zeal, as wined in the accompanying
reports; - after
k
incurring Coresilerable obtaining useful informed tion of which Angout have derived the benefit, &
Caring. while still engaged in preparin elaborate Commerical respetar (line for the Board of trade, _Same informed that I have forficked my positionic W serviere no hiile those who preferred their emoluments to the public. good, retain their offices in Stong Range
Samlere willing to belive that Wall Jamlenwilling Gout really mean to treat me theres ; that They intend to deprime me of emplogsmat un retorice bucause Prefused tobe silent when silence would have beny & Crime,
ketin.
Vntered
583 Amy Kony
R. M. Martinlys Manstreld House
ber- kalidge
Forwarded is
R
1846
"Stephen | 184
Lord Hylletion MESEC Gladstone 16
456
20 April 1846
Jardinckest be Mr.
Secting Gladstones to hehnowhage the wi
oyun Letter of the 8 to Murlant in cheet enter into an explanction
of the Causes checkled
byme resignation ofthe Office of Kong,
and state that
the Motion which die proposed Asubmitt Perhements is for Chines
of the Corespondence Connected with such
Eesyjne too.
because I preferred risking office
not timely endeavour to conect errow of quot National Corwegian.
-becaus
leaned
integrity &avigilant watctiful.ess to prevent
najernit onglet to the count consideration on a tublie
in
weath Musica
offins, expeically in a distant; & novs b portion of the Elupire. thereforeder- -pectfully and the lesspplication of the firing afele of quative tome as if I tradle the Steward of a treest Con
truest Confidi
Stome ga
Private individual.
Shouto
ancaruu
Should this unfortunatity be denied me Showe to express accor hope that you will not refuse. permission to justify my conduct in not having hostely resigned the Cow_ - mission with which my Soverige was graciously pleased to invest me
to en ble me to demonstrate that Save not deserving the censure which an resistance of a resignation thus tendera
uplication convey: Andar You
desire olie "apprized in a mure
*
as
цироз
жив в
you this houble
of
chrical
This
a few words have been omitted, this introductions of stach to have
have how intern
I uncur in
the reply puzoud My apply
defi-
of the Nature & proposed- selected Aseplication to Part
the motion which it is fro
Shestartate
that there tela.
the Coupond
of the Legislatur
Legislature is The Parth copies of
conquested with in
Jiquation of the office of the Treasurer fütte
My
دریائی
Har
ry
at
Jäse
hura
s
that this not lurex
cruised, & which
nur
to the
Theat
my
вор
htin.
me to inform you,
in reply, that he wont
anticipates nondcrumbleger po
Ascarie to prolonging
а
this
Coresponduce; but that, ijiny Member of
Parle shouts move
for the
production of the Ceres-
ponderece fchich
zur
H.M. Gwob reper, & will resins
objechin to the production oso much got as
Could be to produced sittent injustice to Individuals & prejudice to St. Dis Service
H.
Land
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{
457
3
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ро
Du583 18k. References
458
Pages 26027 - Lates 17819 th June 1844-
Urguing aches kon Expenditur,
page 65__ Be Inconscientious objection
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.
to receiving Le
Lelary,
Remaining kilat.
page 68 - No reason for present Expeutiture.
"71872_Do_
185. Intetely of Norghong-
87- Da
Do
BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS
198 Reduction of Expenditure
1 105. Waste of public resources.
CHINA.
" /// & /12 - No atternative but resignation. "1/14/01/5 - Reasons for her king Leave " 116 - Termes on asking for Leave. " 120 - Asking suspension of tension and -
" 121 to 1/30 Ausendmen to the heuchte required in China.
*~*
REPORTS,
459
MINUTES AND DESPATCHES,
ON THE
BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS
IN
CHINA.
LONDON.
HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE.
430
TO THE
MEMBERS OF HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT.
THE undersigned has the honour to submit, for the consi- deration of Her Majesty's Government, the accompanying papers on our present position and prospects in China, which have been confidentially printed for their more ready perusal and reference.
When the undersigned was selected for office in China, it was stated that the field of observation was of great magnitude and importance; that the attention of Europe was fixed on our conduct; and that a knowledge of our colonial and commercial affairs would be practically useful.
Imbued with these views, he broke up his arrangements here, proceeded to China, and devoted every energy and faculty to an attentive examination of the financial and commercial interests of a position unprecedented in the history of any age or country.
Conformable to the suggestion that all information acquired was to be devoted to the service of Her Majesty's Government, the annexed documents were, from time to time, transmitted to the different departments of the state, as it was found impos- sible to analyze financial affairs and commercial prospects, without discussing foreign relations and colonial proceedings.
In the progress of investigation, a conclusion was irresistibly formed that the Treaty of Nankin, and the Supplementary Treaty of October 8, 1843, were susceptible of considerable improvement; that peaceful and profitable intercourse with the whole of the vast Chinese empire, would be of great advan- tage to England and to China; that a most ill-judged selection had been made for the foundation of a British colony; that our trade could be best expanded and rendered permanent only by a fair, wise, and honourable modification of our position previous to the final arrangement of the Treaty of Nankin in
vi
PREFACE.
January, 1846; and that, unless these modifications were now made, we should be for a long period precluded from their obtainment; very large and unnecessary expenditure would be incurred; commercial and religious expectations be disap- pointed; and the seeds of discontent and strife having been sown, another war would almost inevitably ensue, which, although of Chinese origin, would seriously involve European, Russian, and American interests, create internecine hostilities, and com- promise the peace of the world.
In the hope that the reports and despatches herewith trans- mitted would produce a correction of a mistaken and unneces- sarily restrictive policy, which time and circumstances were daily rendering more palpable, the undersigned resolved-- although suffering from climactic disease, to await in China the result of these statements; but on his return to Hong Kong from the northern ports, in June last, he ascertained that Governor Davis was recommending to Her Majesty's Govern- ment a further expenditure on civil works alone of half a mil- lion dollars from the British exchequer, on a barren and utterly useless island; that, in addition to the very large and unre- quired military expenditure incurred, extensive fortifications were projected and their construction commenced*, by which
* According to the ordnance estimates, ordered to be printed, February 16, 1846, it would appear that Her Majesty's Ministers are still unacquainted with the real nature of Hong Kong, or they would not sanction the continuance of enormous expenditure on an utterly
useless barren rock.
Ordnance establishments Barrack
ditto
For 1845-46. For 1846-47.
£1,900
£6,604 2,522
1,861
Clerk of Works, &c.
949
Labourers' wages
1,654
New works and barracks
931
1,843 113,000
£124,239
What the past ordnance expenditure has been it is difficult, if not impossible, to say; but it is very desirable that the vote for the above
PREFACE.
461
vii
several million dollars would be wasted on a rock which pro- duces nothing-protects nothing-commands nothing, not even the entrance of the Canton river; and on a place which, after five years' occupation and an immense outlay of
money, is totally devoid of an import or export trade of any kind whatso- ever*, and is not the slightest advantage to the tea trade; which, notwithstanding various inducements, has not a single respect- able Chinese inhabitant, "or even shopkeepers with any pre- tension to property;" which has "no natural productions, or consumers of exports, beyond the mere wants of the colonists themselves, and is even entirely dependent on the inhabitants of the Chinese empire for its daily supply of food*;" the half of whose harbour only belongs to England, while all the islands therein and around belong to China; which is completely commanded from the closely-adjacent coast and islands, and is itself incapable, from physical defects, of being regularly fortified, if such a measure were requisite ;-in fine, an island which the British merchants, whose residence in China and practical knowledge render them best qualified to form a correct judgment, have declared to Lord Stanley "was never actually required for the purposes of commerce, and has become even less so, since the opening of the five ports*."
Independent of this grievous misdirection of national resources and energies, the undersigned deemed that no further time was to be lost in an endeavour to obtain, by immediate diplomatic negotiation, the cession of the invaluable island of Chusan, or at least to prevent its occupancy by any other foreign power; to enlarge our intercourse, and to amend our
sum of £124,239, for only one branch of service, be suspended until an impartial inquiry be made. The officer commanding the troops at Hong Kong, and the officer in charge of the engineers, who are now causing and recommending this expenditure, both formerly declared that Hong Kong was valueless to England; and the respected heads of the ordnance, artillery and commissariat, have in vain protested against this waste of the public money.
* British Merchants' Memorial to Lord Stanley, dated Hong Kong, 13th August, 1845.
462
ix
viii
PREFACE.
mercantile positions with a view to the reciprocal benefit of the British and Chinese empire and people.
Acting on the conviction that a servant of the crown is a steward of the public interests, and that he is morally respon- sible if he silently permit waste, mismanagement, or misdirec- tion of the national resources, and that the more distant his location from the seat of Government, and the higher his station, the more imperatively he is called upon to make his official conduct conformable with the principles which sustain and regulate private life-the undersigned sought from Governor Davis six months' furlough to convey the information he had acquired in China to Her Majesty's Government; to endeavour to correct the misrepresentations which prevailed in England, and which were studiously made by those who had pecuniary investments and building allotments, houses, bazaars, and mortgages, in Hong Kong, previous and subsequent to the Treaty of Nankin; and to sustain his statements, as they could only effectually be done personally, and by being on the spot to substantiate his views. For this purpose he offered to give up all his salary,-to defray the heavy expenses of an overland journey to England,-to retain his personal and collateral secu- rities to the crown,-and to forfeit the high commission he had the honour to hold, should his conduct be disapproved by Her Majesty's Government. Governor Davis refused the furlough thus sought, although the regulations of the service fully em- powered its being granted*; and it was stated that the word resignation" must be used, if the undersigned determined to place the views he entertained and the information acquired before Her Majesty's Government.
66
Convinced most strongly of the soundness and importance of his views and information,-bearing in mind that, if Sir Stamford Raffles had been at home to urge an examination and discussion of his reports and despatches, the beautiful and lucrative island of Java would now most probably be a British possession,-believing that there was still time to rectify, to
* See Letter to Colonial Secretary, p. 116.
}
PREFACE.
some extent at least, our position and affairs; that he would be unworthy the confidence reposed in him, and undeserving the character which he had hitherto held, if in such an emergency he had hesitated between the solemn dictates of public duty and the sacrifice (however serious to him) of private considera- tions; the undersigned, after several fruitless endeavours to obtain a furlough, requested a board of survey on his accounts and treasury,-closed them satisfactorily,-gave them over, by orders, to the relative of Governor Davis,-and most reluctantly sent in his conditional resignation of office, in the strong hope that, when his conduct and motives were fully known in England, he would not be deemed deserving of censure that he might confidently rely on the justice and liberality of Her Majesty's Government; and that national interests of the highest magni- tude would not require the sacrifice of a private individual, for endeavouring to obtain public objects, which, when examined in the following statements, will, it is hoped, be found deserving of the deepest attention.
As yet, we are but on the threshold of our entrance to a wonderful empire, whose semi-civilized inhabitants number one-third of the human race, and with whom an extended, friendly, and commercial intercourse would, by the implanta- tion of our habits and customs, be productive of incalculable mutual advantages.
To avail ourselves peacefully and righteously of the means which Divine Providence has placed within our reach for the inculcation of Christian civilization among myriads of mankind, ought, it is most respectfully suggested, be an object of para- mount national as well as individual solicitude; and if in any manner this truly great policy be promoted, the undersigned will have the satisfaction of feeling that he has not uselessly endeavoured to fulfil the duty which he swore to perform as a faithful servant of Her most gracious Majesty in China.
London, March, 1846.
R. M. MARTIN.
}
ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.
463
OPIUM DISSENT.
THE following dissent in council was recorded on the proposition of Governor Davis to license, under the sanction of Queen Victoria, the opening of opium smoking-shops in Her Majesty's colony of Hong Kong, for the purpose of raising a revenue. When recording this dissent, the answer of the Emperor of China, on a suggestion from Governor Davis to Keying, the Imperial plenipotentiary, for licensing the importation of this pernicious drug into China, was stated in council thus," It is true, I cannot prevent the introduction of the flowing poison,-gain-seeking and corrupt men will, for profit and sensuality, defeat my wishes, BUT NOTHING WILL INDUCE ME TO DERIVE A REV- ENUE FROM THE VICE AND MISERY OF MY People."
This was an answer worthy of a Christian monarch. The Christian Sovereign of England, through her representative Governor Davis, has done that which a heathen Emperor has rejected; and Hong Kong has been made the opium smoking-shop, for the safe resort of the sensual, the idle, the dissolute and most degraded and depraved Chinese,-who, under the flag and license of our most gracious and religious Sovereign, are there protected in the prosecution of a vice which destroys body and soul,- which is corrupting society to the core,-which has no parallel in its fas- cinating seduction, in its inexpressible misery, or in its appalling ruin. It would be reversing the sacred decrees of Omnipotence to suppose that, under such circumstances, any blessing can attend the proceedings of England in China.
DISSENT IN LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL.
DISSENTIENT- -on the proposition for licensing the retail consumption of Opium in
this Colony, on the following grounds :
I. Because the consumption of opium is not necessary to the subsistence or health of man, and is therefore a vicious indulgence.
II. Because the use of opium is not only a vice in itself, but the parent of many other vices; and whoever indulges in opium never ceases its use until poverty and death ensue.
III. Because it is no justification to say that, as gin, beer, wine, and other fer- mented liquors are stimulants attended with pernicious consequences, when used continuously in excess, that therefore the use of opium may also be licensed by Government. The experience of civilized nations has shown that fermented liquors are advantageous to the healthful energy of man; but no experience has shown that opium is beneficial to the body or mind of man, individually or collectively.
IV. Because no Government ought to make private vice a source of public
revenue.
V. Because, independent of the foregoing and of other considerations, the pecu- liar position in which England at present stands towards the Chinese Government on this subject, the strong feeling entertained by a very large and influential portion of the community at home respecting the sale of opium in China, and the risk which his Excellency incurs of creating an unfavourable impression against his Government, without any corresponding fiscal advantage to the state, renders it inadvisable to license the consumption of opium in this colony.
Desirous of earnestly and faithfully advising his Excellency, these remarks are offered for the Governor's consideration with great respect.
R. M. MARTIN.
Hong Kong, November 26, 1844.
1. Examination of our financial state in Hong Kong, with several detailed statements. (Transmitted to Governor Davis, June 17, 1844; to Lords of the Treasury, June 19, 1844.)
2. Report on the British currency and monetary exchanges in China. (June 1844.)
3. Report on Hong Kong in all its aspects. (Forwarded to Governor Davis, July 24, 1844; to Lords of the Treasury, August, 1844.)
4. Report on Chusan, and examination of our policy in China. (Forwarded to Governor Davis, August 30, 1844; to Lords of the Treasury, September 20, 1844.)
5. Comparison between Hong Kong and Chusan. (Transmitted to Sir Robt. Peel, November 14, 1844; to Lords of the Treasury, November 14, 1844.)
6. Dissent in Council on proposed legislative enactment for licensing opium smoking-shops in Her Majesty's settlement of Hong Kong. (Read before Governor in Council, November 26, 1844.)
7. Draft legislative enactment, to enjoin an observance of the Sabbath in Hong Kong. (Transmitted to Governor Davis.)
8. Despatch respecting French intrigues in China. (To Sir Robert Peel, December 21, 1844.)
9. Minute on the British position and prospects in China; and an exposition of the Treaty of Nankin and of the Supplemental Treaty. (Forwarded to Governor Davis, April 19, 1845; to Sir R. Peel, April 25, 1845; to Lords of the Treasury, April 25, 1845.)
10. Representations and correspondence on the Governor's violation of instructions from Lords of the Treasury, on the disbursement and accounts of the public monies. (Forwarded to Lords of the Treasury, in May, June and July, 1845.)
11. Correspondence respecting six months' leave of absence, to represent the state of our affairs in China to Her Majesty's Government. June 18 and 24, and July 8, 1845. (Transmitted to Governor Davis, with explanatory letter to Lord Stanley, July 8, 1845; and to Mr. Stephen, Under Secretary of the Colonies, same date.)
12. Rise, progress, and condition of the tea trade, with numerous tabular statements, &c. (Forwarded to Lord Stanley, September 3, 1845.)
13. Points for the consideration of Her Majesty's Government on the whole of our affairs in China, with Appendices A B and C, showing (1) A necessary reduction of expenditure to the extent of £250,000 a-year; (2) Fair and honourable terms of negotiation with the Chinese Government for the cession of Chusan; (3) Reply to Sir H. Pottinger's reasons for preferring Hong Kong to Chusan; (4) The means to be adopted immediately for the rectification of our erroneous policy, to improve our position, and to expand our trade, &c. (Trans- mitted to Lord Stanley, September 3, 1845.)
464
xii
ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.
In addition to the preceding documents, which are very voluminous, abstracts on the above points have been given to Lord Stanley, to the Earl of Aberdeen, to Mr. Goulburn, to the Earl of Dalhousie, and to Lord Canning, in November and December, 1845; and a Synopsis of a complete Commercial Report on China (for which the materials were collected during a personal examination of all the Consular ports, and after visiting every accessible part of China,) was forwarded to the Earl of Dalhousie, 4th December, 1845, which has now been three months under the consideration of the Lords of the Treasury and Board of Trade.
These labours were in addition to the arduous and responsible duties of Her Majesty's Treasurer for the Colonial, Consular and Diplomatic services in China, which were rendered extremely harassing and anxious by the departure in China from the clear and positive instructions of the Lords of the Treasury; by the diffi- culty of procuring proper clerks-or by their death and absence from illness; and by the frequent recurrence of a depressing climactic disease, which at one period nearly proved fatal. My accounts, with their voluminous vouchers, were all passed as complete and correct by the Auditor-General, previous to my departure from the colony; and they have been found accurate in their detailed payments and balances, by the Commissioners for auditing the public accounts, excepting two items amounting to less than three pounds sterling, on which further explanation is required from the colony.
The following announcement appeared in the Government Gazette of Hong Kong, two days after my departure from the island; since then I understand it has been proposed to nominate me as the representative of the Anglo-Chinese mer- chants in England. Although I differ with them respecting the opium trade, I felt bound to declare to Lord Aberdeen that a more honourable, patriotic, and public- spirited class of men than the British merchants in China, is not to be found in any part of the world.
"A Government notification in to-day's 'Mail' announces the resignation of Mr. Montgomery Martin, who is already on his way to England, having taken his passage by the 'Lanrick' for Bombay. During the short period he held the office of Colonial Treasurer, this gentleman, by his affability and obliging disposition, and his readiness to communicate from his varied stores of knowledge, was so generally known and appreciated by the community, that any eulogium upon him would be superfluous. His residence in China will no doubt have furnished materials for an additional work to the many he has produced on our colonial history; and most people here will be anxious to see the views he gives to the world upon the rela- tions of Great Britain with China, and the prospects of the colony of Hong Kong." -China Mail, Hong Kong, 10th July, 1845.
(C
my
It may be added that I caused Analysis of the Bible" to be translated into the Chinese language for general circulation.
REPORTS, MINUTES AND DESPATCHES
ON THE
BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS
IN
CHINA.
RESPECTING HONG KONG.
No. I.--To his Excellency J. F. Davis, Governor of Hong Kong.
At sea, lat. 27 N. East coast of China,
July 24, 1844, on board" Syed Khan."
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to lay before your Excellency the accompany- ing report on the Island of Hong Kong, which I had just completed when I was seized with the recent severe attack of illness which obliged me to proceed to sea*.
The documentary appendix will not be ready until after my return to Hong Kong. The facts contained in the report are, however, sufficiently conclusive for the formation of a judgment on the present or prospective value of the colony; and I have to solicit the favour of your Excellency transmitting the report to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, as I believe no report on Hong Kong has yet been laid before Her Majesty's Government.
Having devoted twenty years to the personal examination and study of the colonies of England, France, Spain, Portugal, and Holland, my
* The following is the certificate under which leave of absence was granted; but the leave was not taken until 12th July, when the application of many leeches saved my life, and compelled an immediate removal from Hong Kong to Macao in the Government boat :-
"I do hereby certify that Mr. R. M. Martin has been for some time past suffering from general debility, with frequent feverish attacks and threatenings of dysentery, which render it highly advisable that a temporary absence from Hong Kong should be permitted; and I do strongly advise that leave of absence should be granted to him for six weeks to proceed to sea, or the north-east coast.
(Signed) ALEX. ANDERSON, Victoria, Hong Kong, July 3, 1844."
Col. Surgeon.
19
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465
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mind has been prepared for an investigation of Hong Kong; and I trust I may not be deemed presumptuous in having thus early formed my conclusions on the existing value and future prospects of the colony.
In Deep 20 Any/ /4 4 - Sepavale
Inclosure in No. I.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN,
Colonial Treasurer.
REPORT ON THE ISLAND OF HONG KONG. Locality-Hong Kong, which in the Chinese language signifies "Red Harbour, "(or " Flowing Streams,") is in north latitude 22°16' 27", east longitude 114° 14′ 48′′, distant about forty miles east of Macao. It forms one of a numerous but scattered group of lofty islands, termed the "Ladrones," which vary in size and height, but agree in their arid and rugged features. The length of the island from east to west is about eight miles, with a breadth of two to four miles; it is separated from the main land of China by a strait, or inlet of the sea, varying in breadth from half a mile to three miles; one entrance, the Lymoon Pass, being less than a mile wide.
Physical Aspect.-The island consists of a broken ridge, or "hogs- back,' of mountainous hills running from w. N. w. to E. S. E., at an average height of about 1000 feet; but from this ridge and its spurs various conical mountains are elevated to the height of 1500 to 2000 feet above the sea, and very precipitous. The whole island, indeed, rises abruptly from the ocean, particularly on the north face; there are a few narrow vallies and deep ravines through which the sea occa- sionally bursts, or which serve as conduits for the mountain torrents; but on the north side of the island, especially where the town of Victoria is built, the rocky ridge approaches close to the harbour, and it was only by hewing through this ridge that a street or road could be made to connect the straggling town of Victoria, which stretches along the water edge for nearly four miles, although only comprising about fifty European houses, and several Chinese huts and bazaars. Here and there on the tops of some isolated hills, or along the precipitous slopes of the mountains, some houses have been constructed, but the rugged, broken, and abrupt precipices, and deep rocky ravines, will ever effectually prevent the formation, at Victoria, of any concentrated town adapted for mutual protection, cleanliness, and comfort. Hong Kong cannot be said to possess any vegetation: a few goats with difficulty find pasturage. After the heavy rains of May, June, July, August, and September, the hills assume somewhat of a greenish hue; but the whity-brown or red streaked ridges, with the scattered masses of black rocks, give a most uninviting and desolate aspect to the island, which is unrelieved by the adjacent main land, whose physical features are precisely similar to that of Hong Kong, the mountain-tops and sides presenting in many places a singular configuration and gloomy prospect.
}
HONG KONG.
Geology. There is no igneous formation in Hong Kong. The island partakes of the same geological character as the whole coast of China, south of the Quesan group of islands. The structure may be briefly described as consisting of decomposed coarse granite, intermixed with strata of a red disintegrating sandstone, crumbling into a ferru- ginous-looking clay. Huge boulder-stones, which gunpowder will not blast, may be seen embedded in a stiff earth, or they are strewed over the tops and sides of the mountains. Gneiss and felspar are found in fragments, and there are indications of iron-stone.
That the granite is rotten, and passing, like dead animal and vege- table substances, into a putrescent state, is evidenced from the crumbling of the apparently solid rock beneath the touch, and from the noxious vapour or nitrogen which it yields when the sun strikes fervidly on it after rain. On examining the sites of houses in Victoria, whose foun- dations were being excavated in the sides of the hills, the strata appeared like a richly-prepared compost, emitting a fetid odour of the most sickening nature, and which, at night, must prove a deadly poison. This strata quickly absorbs any quantity of rain, which it returns to the surface in the nature of a pestiferous mineral gas*. The position of
*
Rotten Granite.-LYELL in his "Principles of Geology," vol. i., p. 317, says- "The disintegration of granite is a striking feature of large districts in Auvergne, especially in the neighbourhood of Clermont. This decay was called by Dolomieu 'la Maladie du Granit,' and the rock may with propriety be said to have the rot, for it crumbles to pieces in the hand. The phenomenon may, without doubt,
be ascribed to the continual disengagement of carbonic acid gas from numerous fissures." It is this gas which is evolved at the Grotto del Cane near Naples, and which is so pernicious to animal life. It is disengaged at Limagna d'Auvergne in France in large quantities; a lighted candle or other burning body is extinguished by the gas.
Water materially aids, by its solvent power, the operation of car- bonic acid gas in the decomposition of rocks. This gas is invisible, destitute of smell, much heavier than common air; owing to its specific gravity it may be poured from one vessel to another; may be collected over water which largely absorbs it, and is highly deleterious to animals. It is discharged from the surface of the water of some natural springs, and from narrow and deep vallies. Other gases are evolved from the earth. Dolomieu states that he ascertained the pre- sence of sulphurous acid, muriatic acid, hepatic gas or sulphuretted hydrogen, and inflammable air or hydrogen, as well as carbonic acid. The most abundant of the gases extricated from the bowels of the earth, next to carbonic acid gas, is pro- bably carburetted hydrogen, which is so rapidly destructive of life in coal mines. It is also sometimes emitted from the surface of the soil, or of springs and wells. M. De la Beche describes the manner in which the disintegration of rocks takes place, owing to the protracted action of atmospheric moisture.
The feldspar contained in granite is often easily decomposed. Some trap rocks, from the presence of feldspar, are liable to decomposition, as in some parts of Jamaica. The main composition of granite is quartz, feldspar, and mica. Some qualities of this primitive rock contains only feldspar and mica. This is generally the case in Hong Kong, where the feldspar is in large crystals looking like a quartzose gravel. The sound granite of Hong Kong is in isolated blocks. No drainage can ever render Hong Kong salubrious; and it is exceedingly desirable that this fallacy should be exploded, as the only effect is to drain money from the British treasury. If further proof be wanting of this, it is to be found in the following most valuable facts-adduced by Dr. Heyne, of the Madras Artillery, and which I did not see until after my report on the cause of sickness at Hong Kong was written. The remarks of Dr. Heyne ought to be carefully attended to in the formation of new colonies, sites of towns, garrison stations, encampments, &c.
Dr. Heyne observes that the ordinarily received opinions as to the vegetable
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the town of Victoria, which may be likened to the bottom of a crater with a lake, prevents the dissipation of this gas, while the geological
or marshy origin of fevers will not here hold, for that "the hills are here not more woody than in other healthy places; some, indeed, where the epidemic of 1808 and 1810, as well as the endemic, were most destructive, are quite naked of trees, as Diudigal, Madura, and the rocks west of Seringapatam.'
CC Now, if it should be found, that this fever exists constantly and invariably among certain description of hills, when others of a different composition are as constantly free from the same, would it not become reasonable to suppose that the nature or composition of the rock itself must furnish the cause of the calamity?
"The hills where it is found to prevail, appear, at first view, to be quite harmless, as they are granite, which is the most common rock-kind on this globe. They con- tain, however, besides quartz, felspar, and mica, a great proportion of ferruginous hornblende, which, by its disintegration or separation from the rock, becomes highly magnetic, and in which, I suppose, the cause resides which produces this fever, This iron hornblende occurs in such besides a great train of other disorders. quantity, that all rivulets, public roads, indeed, all hollows along these hills are filled with its sand; from which, also, all the iron in this part of the country is manu- factured. This granite is remarkable for its disintegration, as it not only separates during the hot season in large masses of many tons, but crumbles as easily into its composing particles, and is found as sand in great abundance, not only near every rock, but near every stone, from whence it is carried by the torrents during the rains to the lower parts of the country, and thus forms the particular mark by which these hills may be distinguished from all others. It is generally not attracted by the magnet when united to the mass, even when it occurs as in hornblende state, or greenstone, in the greatest abundance, but after it has been separated it is attracted as much as any iron filing. This may be owing to the incipient state of oxydation, or, more likely, to the development of magnetism by the high tem- perature to which it has been exposed in the hot season, which also may have weakened the cohesion of the rock, and caused its disintegration in the mass.
"Hills of this description form the principal ranges of the Ghauts, as far at least as the Godavery; they predominate also among the smaller, and in single hills and rocks in the low country, so that they might be taken at the exclusive rock form- They ation of this country. However, fortunately, this is not quite the case. are easily recognised at a distance by their very rugged and abruptly pointed appearance, and the great steepness at their tops. The ranges of this formation are also very interrupted, and generally consist of rows of single hills, although to the southward, I have found them also connected at bases, and in triple and quadruple ranges.'
Dr. Heyne then gives an excellent topographic description of the hills "which have rendered themselves known to Europeans for the malignity of the fever," and after that of such as are as "constantly free of the hill fever." This is the right kind of topography, but for obvious reasons we cannot here enter into it. The hills where the fever is "totally unknown," Dr. Heyne describes as "primitive trap, He then adds, that the which consists of quartz, felspar, and real hornblende." epidemic fever of 1808 stopped short at a range of hills of this latter composition, in the Coimbatore district-a remarkable fact.
"These two ranges of trap proceed with very little or no admixture of iron stone through the whole Baramahal, from Nameul to Darampoory aud Vellore; the rocks are sometimes compact hornblende and greenstone, or basalt, all belong- ing to the same formation; but here and there hills appear among them of iron granite, which stand in connexion with other ranges of that description in that province, both east and west of that valley, which have the hill fever as virulent as in other parts of the country, where whole ranges of these hills occur.
"A most remarkable instance illustrative of the above facts, and of my deduc- tions from them, I found at Tripatoor, which lies in the above valley, close to a I asked there a respectable large table-land, the rock of which is sandstone. native whether any such disorders as fevers were frequent in the country, but received in answer, 'No, thank God, not within ten miles of this place; at Javadymalle, a hill fort, where no man can live two days without getting it.' To
{
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HONG KONG,
5
formation favours the retention of a morbific poison on the surface, to 436
be occasionally called into deadly activity. There is no extent of marsh on the island capable of generating miasm; but the heavy rains are annually washing large portions of the mountain through deep ravines into the bay, and thus continually exposing a fresh rotten surface to the sun's rays, and preserving a focus of disease which will finally become endemic.
Vast quantities of the silt from the hills are being deposited along the shores of the harbour. Owing to this circumstance, and to the rapid receding of the tides from this coast, the bay is becoming shoaler every day. The average depth is only four to five fathoms, except in the stream, where there is six to seven fathoms. In no great interval of time, the harbour of Hong Kong will be too shoal in many places for large vessels.
Climate. It is difficult to convey by thermometrical registers an accurate idea of the climate of any place. The range of the thermo- meter will not indicate the pressure of the atmosphere; the barometer, in or near the tropics, is of little utility as an index; the hygrometer imperfectly shows the quantity of rain which is in solution; while the
this place a peon was dispatched with the simple order of bringing two or three stones from the rock of the hill, and some sand as might be found on the road. The man returned, and brought pieces of a rock composed of red felspar, quartz, and plenty of ferruginous hornblende; and the sand of the road consisted entirely of magnetic sand and particles of felspar.
"I must name now the Pulicat hills, among which, as far as they extend to the southward (Chittoor), the hill fever is totally unknown; I was particular in my inquiries on this subject, in the beginning of this year, when among them. They consist entirely of flinty slate, and are bare in some places as they are woody in others, and as lofty and as low as the granite hills.
"I come now to a country and hills where I have lived myself for some years, the Cuddapah district. It is divided from Gurrumcondah on the south, and from iron granite and the hill fever, by a range of flinty slate,
The same bends there to the northward, where the ranges thicken as they advance, and leave narrow valleys as far as Cummuur, and further up the river Kishna. The whole or most of these hills belong to the clay-slate formation, some are calcareous, all however are free of the hill fever. Other fevers may occasionally be seen, such as simple intermittents and bilious remittents, but they do not, like the hill fever, run into a typhus, and the cautious may easily guard against and get rid of them.
"This is the largest extent of inland country which I know to be free of the hill fever, viz., from Cuddapah to Kishna near Chintapilly, a place that has been at all times dreaded for its fevers. There, the iron granite hills prevail again. To the westward of Cuddapah, the healthiness of the country extends to the Ganjecot- tah hills, which belong to the flatz trap formation, consisting of sandstone, lime- stone, jasper and hornstone pebbles cemented together, and which are perfectly free of magnetic ironstone.
Bababudden is another range of hills which is remarkably free of hill fevers, although it lies between places of notoriety for such, as Seringapatam to the S. W., and Chittledroog to the N. W., and Naggury to the W., an unwholesome country amongst the Ghauts. It belongs to the clay-slate formation, and active magnets are found in large depositions on them. It rains on them for six months in the year continually, when plants keep fresh and alive in the open air for many days after they have been taken out of the ground, or broken off the stem. observation, viz., that the hill fever on this coast exists exclusively among the hills of the granite formation, or where iron stone is found in large quantities, will be confirmed, the more it is brought to the test.
In fact, my
6
REPORT ON
height of the surrounding land,-its configuration,-the nature of the soil, the extent and quantity of the vegetation,-the exposure to the sea and the prevailing winds, all influence what is comprised under the word "climate.' In some respects the whole coast of China partakes of the climatic characteristics of the opposite coast of the American continent, particulary as regards the extremes of temperature, and its depressing influence on mental or bodily exertion.
For six months in the year, April to September, the heat varies from 80° to 90° F.; but occasionally during the other six months the heat is also very great, the thermometer having been known to stand at 80° F. on Christmas-day. The island, being on the verge of the tropics, is subject to the extremes of the torrid and temperate zones. Even in the same day, the range of mercury in the thermometer is very great, and the vicissitudes are exceedingly trying to the European con- stitution.
But neither the range from heat to cold, nor the quantity of mois- ture in the atmosphere, will adequately convey an idea of the effects that this climate is capable of producing on the human frame. During April and part of May, when the sun is approaching rapidly from the equator, there is a dry burning heat, with a cloudless sky; but towards the end of May, and throughout June, July, August, and part of Sep- tember, the rain descends in torrents, with a force and continuance such as I have never seen in India, Africa, Australasia, or any other part of the world. The clouds pour down one vast sheet of water, washing away hills and rocks, furrowing the island with deep ravines, and satu- rating the soft, porous, putrescent strata, to the extent of many feet, with daily renewed moisture.
In the intervals of rain a nearly vertical sun acts with an intense evaporating power, and a noxious steam or vapour rises from the fetid soil, yielding a gas of a most sickly and deleterious nature, exactly such as I experienced on the coast of Africa in 1824, when I was seized with an earth-fever while in Her Majesty's service, from the effects of which I with great difficulty recovered, but of which most of my brother officers perished. This morbific gas does not arise from vegetable or from animal decomposition: there is none on the island of any extent; but decomposed mineral substances yield an aeriform poison, under some circumstances, of a more deadly description than either of the This gas does not rise more than a few other kingdoms of nature. feet from the earth; it slowly mingles with the surrounding atmosphere, and, when not causing immediate illness, produces a depressing effect on mind and body, which undermines and destroys the strongest
constitutions.
Military and naval men who have served in Africa and in India, feel the effects of the sun in Hong Kong in a manner never before experienced. Even at Macao, only forty miles west of Hong Kong, July, Europeans may walk about the whole day in the month of when to do so at Hong Kong would be attended with almost certain death. Neither the Indian Sepoys, Malays, or Chinese can endure the climate so well as Europeans, whose stamina they do not possess. The Chinese deem it exceedingly dangerous to prolong their abode in the island beyond a certain time. They have ever viewed Hong Kong as injurious to health and fatal to life. The Europeans who survive a
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HONG KONG.
7
brief residence in this climate generally get a lassitude of frame, and an irritability of fibre, which destroy the spring of existence. A malign influence operates on the system in a most distressing manner, which is not removed by a return to Europe, on the contrary, the sufferers not unfrequently die in England soon after their arrival there.
Diseases and Mortality.-The prevailing disease of Hong Kong is a fever combining the character of the African and West India fevers. It was at first supposed to be epidemic, but it has now become endemic, and may be assumed to be the fixed malady of the island. Diarrhoea and dysentery form the next most immediately fatal class of diseases; but intermittent fever or ague destroys health gradually. Last year the strength per annum of the European and native troops was 1526, and the number who passed through hospital in the year amounted to 7893: thus, on an average, each man went through the hospital more than five times in the year! Of the diseases with which they were afflicted, 4069 were fevers, 762 diarrhoea, 497 dysenteries, and 180 were pul- monic complaints. The total number of deaths out of 1526 men was 440, or 1 in 3. The fatal fever cases were 155; ditto diarrhoea, 80; ditto dysentery, 137. The destruction of life since our occupation of Hong Kong has been enormous. Last year the deaths among the troops in the island amounted to 1 in 3; at Koolungsoo, to 1 in 12}; and at Chusan, to 1 in 291*. Her Majesty's 98th Regiment lost at Hong Kong in 21 months 257 men by death; but in this and other regiments it is not merely the deaths which indicate disease and perni- cious climate, it is the great number of men invalided and constantly unfit for duty. One half the men of a company are frequently unable
* EUROPEAN AND NATIVE Troops.
ABSTRACT, showing the Admissions and Deaths at the different Stations, of the Force in China for the year 1843.
STATIONS.
Hong Kong
Chusan
Koolungsoo
-
-
Admissions per Annum.
Strength per ann.
Received 31st Dec.,
Fevers.
1842.
Diarrhoea.
Dysentery.
Cholera.
Hepatites.
Pulmonic Affections.
Dropsical ditto.
Rheumatism.
Other Diseases.
Total Sick per ann.
1526 364 4069 762 497 4
|1980 201|2044] 373|
993 101 2201] 37 15 62
32 180 51 2121722 7893
43 10
42
169
9
1441366 4401
16
37 3
38 369 2879
TOTAL
·
4499 66683141172 555 76 90
386 63
3943457 15,173
437
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KEPORT ON
to attend parade; out of 100 men there are sometimes not more than 15 or 16 men fit for active duty. The Royal Artillery (the finest military corps in the world), out of 135 men and officers, lost in two years 51 by death (of whom 35 died at Hong Kong during the last six months of 1843) and 45 by invaliding. That Hong Kong was the cause of their death will be seen from the fact, that Colonel Knowles' detachment of Royal Artillery went through the whole of the war at Canton and in the Yang-tze-kiang river; the detachment was out here three years, it never landed at Hong Kong; one man was killed, another died of dropsy, but the whole of the remainder of the detach- ment returned to England, except the commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel Knowles, who landed at Hong Kong, and died of fever.
The officers of the Royal Artillery died in the same proportion as the men out of nine officers who came out with the original detach- ment, but one escaped disease or death. Last year there were several losses in the ships of war. Her Majesty's ship "Agincourt" lost dur- ing the sickly season of 1843 60 men, of whom 20 were marines; 40 men were invalided home, of whom few would recover.
Since leaving England in May, 1842, the " Agincourt" has been obliged to enter 160 seamen from merchant ships. The cause assigned for the severe ill- ness of the marines and seamen of last year was the being obliged to land guards to protect stores at West Point. This year the "Agin- court sends no men on shore or on night duty; and out of 600 men, there are only 23, including slight hurts, on the sick list-a fact which tests the insalubrity of the shore.
STATIONS.
ABSTRACT, &c.~(continued).
Deaths per Annum.
Fevers.
Diarrhoea.
Pulmonic Affections.
Dropsical ditto. Rheumatism.
Total Deaths per
Dysentery.
Other Diseases.
Hepatites.
Cholera.
ann.
Discharged per ann.
Transferred per ann.
On Sick Leave per
ann.
Received 31st Dec.,
1843.
Rates per ann. of
Sick to Strength.
Rates per ann. of
Deaths to Strength.
Hong Kong - |155 80|137 0 5 1319 427 440
6969 32 72 380 5.1
Chusan
-
11 22
23 3 8 2 016
67 4165 0
Koolungsoo
341
4
418 0 2 2 016
80
2699 6
(1 in 3
nearly. 36 133 2.22 1 in 9}
94 2.91 in 12§
958
TOTAL - 200106143 21 82323 459 587 13,833 38 108 607 3:42
79
Mr. Keith Stewart Mackensie, Military Secretary to the Commander-in-chief, says in his "Narrative of the Second Campaign in China," published in London, "there were as many as 1100 men April, 1842, that when he was at Hong Kong,
in hospital; and in the 37th Madras Regiment of 560 men, only 50 were fit for duty. Many men and officers were obliged to be invalided."
HONG KONG.
9
The deaths in the naval force at Hong Kong and Whampoa for the six sickly months ending October, 1843, were four per cent., while for the same period on shore the deaths among the troops averaged twenty-four per cent.; and even among the European civilians the estimate was ten
per cent.*
In May, 1843, the left wing of Her Majesty's 55th Regiment had 16 officers and 490 men in Hong Kong; from thence to November, 2 officers and 218 men died, and the lives of the remainder were only saved by the prompt, judicious, and humane conduct of General D'Aguilar in immediately embarking the men for England.
The mortality as yet (July 17) during the present year has not been so great, but the sickness is equally destructive of the efficiency of the troops. Chuc Chew, on the south side of Hong Kong, it was hoped would be a healthy station. On the 30th June, 1844, out of 400 men of Her Majesty's 98th Regiment at Chuc Chew, there were 109 in hospital; out of 80 lascars at the same station, there were 30 in hospital+.
It was supposed that Saiwan, on the south-east side of Hong Kong, would afford a healthy station for the troops: Government expended about 30,000 dollars in preparing and building a fine set of barracks, of two stories, with every view to comfort and health. The officer of the Royal Engineers having reported the barracks habitable, the General Commanding sent a medical board to examine the building and station. The board reported that the station at Saiwan appeared healthy, that there was no apparent cause for disease, and that it was eligible for troops. The General resolved to begin with a small detachment, and twenty Europeans were sent to Saiwan. No sentry was to be mounted during the day, and but one at night. In five weeks five of the soldiers were dead, three more were in a dangerous state, and four were conval- escent; one European woman and child were also dangerously ill.
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* Captain White, of the Omega,' enumerated to me the following, among his own acquaintance in a brief period:-Captain McCarthy, æt. 36. Never pre- viously ill. Sailor; Captain of ship.-Captain Morgan, Captain of ship.-Mr. Hy. Pybus, æt. 32. Strong healthy man. -Messrs. Elsworthy, Dyer, and Scott, æt. about 24. Healthy men. Mr. Mercer, merchant.-Mr. Langer, architect. -Two Mr. Hights, brothers. One Captain of ship, and the other merchant. Both young men. -Mr. Cropper, merchant.-Mr. Stevenson, builder. Had been five years resi- dent in Sierra Leone, and three years in New Orleans.-Mr. McEwen, general dealer. Mr. Disandt, æt. 37. Long resident in India.-Fully one-third of those he knew in Hong Kong, intimately, during the first eighteen months, died in Hong Kong.
+During the year 1845, Chuc Chew-which is almost entirely composed of rotten granite-proved as unhealthy as Victoria. By the last accounts Her Majesty's 18th were dying there rapidly; but every effort is made to suppress such information by those who wish to maintain the delusion at home. The Overland "Friend of China" of the 31st December, 1845, states, that the mortality of the 18th Royal Irish, from the 1st March to December, 1845, at Chuc Chew, has been "nearly twenty-three per cent. The whole of the Europeans have now been removed from this wretched and useless spot, and placed on board the ship 'Sir R. Sale,' in the harbour of Hong Kong, on the Chinese shore; but," adds the jour- nal, there has been no improvement from the change, and it is probable they will sail for England." This very regiment did not lose three per cent. per annum last year at Chusan; now they are almost entirely unfit for immediate active service.
66
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The remaining men were withdrawn, and a small detachment of Native troops sent thither, in order to ascertain whether the climate will suit them. On the 17th July, 1844, only four men out of the twenty Europeans who had been to Saiwan, were reported fit for duty.
The returns made to the Army and Navy medical boards, will fur- nish full information on the sufferings of the soldiers and sailors in Her Majesty's service in this colony.*
The Indian troops bear the insalubrity of the climate worse than the Europeans. In the cantonments at the west end of Victoria, the 39th Madras Native Infantry and 37th Madras Native Infantry lost half their men in 1842-43. In May, 1844, a wing of the 4th regiment Madras Native Infantry, landed at Hong Kong 450 men in perfect health, and 53 sick, after a long voyage.
There have been already many deaths in the cantonments at the east end of Victoria; and in June, 1844, there were 160 men sick, and the list was daily increasing. From 15th April to 2nd July, 1844, there died at Hong Kong, out of the small force here, fifty-two Europeans and forty-two Native soldiers.
General D'Aguilar says that the maintenance of an European garri- son at Hong Kong, would cost the Crown one regiment every three years. Estimating each soldier as having cost Government £100, this would be a severe pecuniary loss, and worthy the consideration of those who will not reflect on the humanity of the subject.
To keep 700 effective fire-locks in Hong Kong, it is necessary to maintain 1400 men.
Hong Kong is not less fatal to the Chinese, of whom there are, on
"of an average, about 600 sick and dying monthly. Dr. Gutzlaff says, 100 Coolies with whom I was acquainted, there died between the 20th May and 15th June, 1844, ten men, and thirty left the place diseased." I understand that the whole of these 100 strong men from the N.E. coast, were obliged to leave the colony from sickness. There is no large town or extensive population on the mainland of China adjacent to Hong Kong, which indicates the native opinion of this part of China.
Dr. Gutzlaff says,
many Chinese have fallen victims in Hong Kong to a malignant fever, which not only deranges the whole system, but hastens the death of the patient." He adds, "there exists among the doctors not one dissentient voice about the fatal tendency of diseases contracted heret.'
17
* During the year 1845, the 98th (Queen's) Regiment were nearly useless from mortality and sickness; they were sent to Chusan at Christmas, and the 18th Royal Irish were brought down to Hong Kong. In a letter dated 30th October, 1845, The Hong Kong, it is stated on one of the highest authorities in the colony: summer heat is now at an end, and the loss of the garrison during its continuance (five months), has been seventy-two Europeans and thirty of the native troops; but a great number of them are still sick (a good many have since died). At Chusan they have been quite healthy, and by the last accounts had lost only three men during the summer. Many other illustrations might be given.
""
+ Dr. Mc Pherson, in his work, "Two Years in China," expresses the follow- ing opinion of the value of Hong Kong :-
"In other respects (that is, excepting its harbour), this new colony possesses
HONG KONG.
11
Nor is it during only one period of the year that the island is unhealthy in the cold season there are agues, low continued fever, diarrhoea, pulmonary complaints, dropsy, rheumatism, and various other diseases arising from general debility of the system, and from the poisoned atmosphere. On the 25th August, 1843, the Surveyor- General of the colony reported to the Government, that "the number of interments had been so great (in the European grave-yard) that the inclosure was almost full, and the hill behind so rocky, that it was impossible to dig into it; therefore, ere long, it would be necessary to provide another place." The Surveyor-General further stated that it would be a difficult thing to select another grave-yard, on account of the rocky and uneven nature of the island.
Let it not be said that the dreadful mortality and sickness of Hong Kong is the result of the newness of the colony, and that all young settlements suffer proportionably. The assertion, if made, is at variance with fact. New colonies even in the tropics have not been originally unhealthy; when the West India Islands were first colonized they were perfectly healthy, as is proved by the large European population who resorted thither and remained there many years. Calcutta and Bombay are reported to have been formerly much healthier than they are at present. The Australian colonies were perfectly healthy when founded; so also the Mauritius and St. Helena. I cannot name a single colony that was originally unhealthy, and that subsequently became salubrious. Soldiers, sailors, and civilians, Europeans and natives, women as well as men, residing in every part of Hong Kong, have fallen victims to the climate, and at all seasons of the year.
An extensive study of the subject and no inconsiderable experience in different climates, induces me to concur in the opinon of Dr. Thompson, the respected head of the medical department of Hong Kong, that the island never will be healthy. Its geological character, the immense quantity of rain, and the circumvallation of hills surrounding the town and island, render it a hot-bed of disease, which may be more mitigated one year than another, but which will ever and anon recur with varied violence. No drainage can obviate this destructive miasm; independent of new roads or buildings, the rain will every year keep the surface con- tinually saturated with moisture, and also uncover large portions of the
but few advantages. Its northern side is formed by a connected ridge of moun- tains, the highest of which is about 2000 feet above the level of the sea. Except in a few spots, these mountains are barren and uncultivated,-formed by black project- ing masses of granite, the intervals giving shelter to herbage and brushwood. There are no trees of any size; and, unlike the generality of mountainous districts, it possesses but a few valleys, and these not of any extent. The mountains for the most part fall perpendicularly into the sea, thus leaving but little space for building at their base.
"The appearance of Hong Kong is anything but prepossessing, and to those who have hitherto resided upon it, the climate has proved far from salubrious. There is a good deal of rank vegetation on the face of the hill; the ground on which, after a heavy fall of rain, becomes elastic and boggy. On the Cowloon side of the bay (in the Chinese territory), the atmosphere is at all times more pure, and the changes of temperature less sudden; indeed, altogether it appears a far more likely and preferable spot to form a settlement than on the Hong Kong side."
469
12
REPORT ON
hills, washing the putrifying substance down the deep ravines towards the sea; thus generating a fruitful crop of diseases.
We shall have to consider in a subsequent part of this report whether the objects sought or to be obtained by the possession of Hong Kong, are worth the dreadful sacrifice of life which the maintenance of the present establishment entails.
Population and Social Progress.-Hong Kong was "ceded to the British Crown under the seal of the Imperial Minister and High Commis- sioner Keshen, in January, 1841;" see Captain Elliot's proclamation dated Hong Kong, 29 January, 1841, promising "full security and protec- tion to all British subjects and foreigners residing in or resorting to the island, so long as they shall continue to conform to the authority of Her Majesty's Government, hereby duly constituted and proclaimed in and over Hong Kong," &c.
By the same proclamation natives of China were invited to settle in the island, by promising them that they should be "governed accord- ing to the laws and customs of China, every description of torture excepted." And by another proclamation, dated Hong Kong, 1841, issued by Sir Gordon Bremer, Commander-in-Chief, and Captain Elliot, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, it is declared "that the island of Hong Kong has now become a part of the dominions of the Queen of England, by clear public agreement between the high officers of the Celestial and British Courts; and the Chinese are hereby promised pro- tection in Her Majesty's gracious name, against all enemies whatever; and they are further secured in the free exercise of their religious rites, ceremonies, and social customs, and in the enjoyment of their lawful private property and interests. Chinese ships and merchants resorting to the port of Hong Kong for purposes of trade, are exempt, in the name of the Queen of England, from charge or duty of any kind to the British Government." The remainder of the proclamation consists of further inducements for the Chinese to settle in and trade with Hong Kong. A form of Government was organized-a chief magistrate and a harbour-master were appointed-fifty lots of land were sold in June, 1841, to Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co.; Dent and Co.; McVicar and Co.; Fox, Rawson, and Co.; Turner and Co.; Lindsay and Co.; and various other persons; the annual rental of which amounted to £3,224. Each lot was required to have a building erected within six months, of the appraised value of 1000 dollars; and a deposit of 500 dollars was required to be lodged with the treasurer, as a security for the perform- ance of this engagement. Building commenced with great spirit; the Government spent very large sums of money upon the island, and the The island has harbour was filled with ships of war and transports.
We shall now had a fair trial of more than three and a-half years. inquire what progress it has made in population.
On taking possession of Hong Kong, it was found to contain about 7,500 inhabitants, scattered over twenty fishing hamlets and villages. The requirements of the fleet and troops, the demand for labourers to make roads and houses; and the servants of Europeans increased the number of inhabitants, and in March, 1842, they were numbered at 12,361. In April, 1844, the number of Chinese on the island was computed at 19,000, of whom not more than 1000 are women and
HONG KONG.
13
children. In the census are included ninety-seven women slaves, and 40
female attendants on thirty-one brothels, eight gambling-houses, and twenty opium shops, &c. It is literally true that after three years and a-half's uninterrupted settlement, there is not one respectable Chinese inhabitant on the island.* One man of reputed wealth named Chinam, who had been engaged in the opium trade, came to Hong Kong, built a good house, and freighted a ship. He soon returned to Canton, and died there of a fever and cold contracted at Hong Kong. It was under- stood, however, that had he lived he would have been prohibited return- ing to Hong Kong, the policy of the mandarins on the adjacent coast being to prevent all respectable Chinese from settling at Hong Kong ; and in consequence of the hold they possess on their families and rela- tives, this can be done most effectually. At the same time, I believe that they encourage and promote the deportation of every thief, pirate, and idle or worthless vagabond from the mainland to Hong Kong. The Rev. Dr. Gutzlaff, who has been engaged in making the recent census appended to this report, referring to the fishermen who formed the greater part of the population of the island on our arrival, says- They are a roving set of beings, floating on the wide face of the ocean with their families, and committing depredations whenever it can be done with impunity." "The stone-cutters have been working here for many years before our arrival. The majority of these men are unprin- cipled. They cannot be considered as domesticated, and are in the habit of going and coming, according to the state of trade."
"The most numerous class who have, since our arrival, fixed themselves on the island, are from Whampoa; many of them are of the worst charac- ter, and ready to commit any atrocity." "The capital of the shop- keepers is very small; most of them live from hand to mouth, and lead a life of expedients, without principle or self-controul.
""
It is very natural that depraved, idle, and bad characters from the adjacent mainland and islands should flock to the colony where some money can be made+."
66
The merchants and British residents in Hong Kong, in a memorial to Lord Stanley, dated 13th August, 1845 (after I had quitted the island), fully verify this observation: they say, there is at this moment, after four years occupation of the island, scarcely one foreign resident, except Government officers, and those British merchants and traders who commenced building before the enforcement of the leases; there are no Chinese merchants, or even shopkeepers, with any pretension to property!"
A writer in the London "Times" of 17th December, 1844, speaking of his experience at Hong Kong, says, "The community is migratory, property most insecure, and life often in danger, from the bands of piratical robbers that infest this and the neighbouring islands. The place has nothing to recommend it, if we except its excellent harbour. The site of the new town of Victoria is most objec- tionable, there being scarcely level ground enough for the requisite buildings; and the high hills which overhang the locality shut out the southerly winds, and render the place exceedingly hot, close, and unhealthy. Many of the worst description of Chinese resort there, and I have seen during one evening at Victoria more open scenes of vice and debauchery than I had observed during my three years' stay in the north of China. So much for the boasted march of civilization! principal part of the trade is still confined to Canton, and will long continue to be so; that with the north is as yet comparatively insignificant, and the additional expenses charged on shipment and agency have been so great as to prevent much traffic with the new ports. The very high rate at which opium continues to be
The
14
REPORT ON
Dr. Gutzlaff, whose prepossessions are strongly in favour of the Chinese, concludes this portion of the memorandum with which he has. favoured me, as follows: "The moral standard of the people congre- gated in this place (Hong Kong) is of the lowest description."
This observation is fully borne out by the numerous murders, pira- cies, burglaries, and robberies of every description which have taken place during the last three years, and with almost perfect impunity, for the Chinese are formed into secret societies for the mutual protection of villains, and no man dare inform against another.
At this moment (July, 1844) the European inhabitants are obliged to sleep with loaded pistols under their pillows,-frequently to turn out of their beds at midnight to protect their lives and property from gangs of armed robbers, who are ready to sacrifice a few of their number if they can obtain a large plunder*.
C
This state of things was long ago predicted. In the "Canton Register" of 23rd February, 1841, it was stated: "Hong Kong will be the resort and rendezvous of all the Chinese smugglers. Opium smoking-shops and gambling-houses will soon spread; to those haunts will flock all the discontented and bad spirits of the empire; the island will be surrounded by shameens,' and become a Gehenna of the Waters." Three yearst have completely fulfilled this prediction, and neither time nor circumstances will now ever alter the character of the place. No Chinese of the humbler class will even bring their wives and children to the colony. He must be a sanguine visionary who expects that Hong Kong will ever contain a numerous and respectable Chinese population; and as regards the present inhabitants, (if a mi- gratory race, who are constantly changing, deserve that epithet,) their
sold does also, I doubt not, affect the commercial market. I have heard that 150,0007. will not clear the annual expenses of Her Majesty's establishments in China, and, if the various public works be taken into account, there will be an out- lay far beyond what the advantages to the state by increase of trade, either present or prospective, will at all warrant."
* As an illustration of these daring nightly attacks (to which incendiarism is now being added), the following excerpt from the "Hong Kong Register" of 13th May, 1845, will suffice :
66 Early in the morning of Wednesday a party of about twenty-five Chinese attempted to break into a house at East Point. They had mounted on the roof by ladders before being observed, and when the alarm was given, still offered a stout resistance, being well armed. One only was captured, but from the traces of blood that were visible to the boat in which the rest escaped, it is believed others were seriously wounded, either by shot from the watchmen, or by jumping from the roof when all could not use the ladder simultaneously. Two of the party who attacked them were wounded, we are happy to say neither dangerously. The fire-balls and torches brought by the robbers illuminated the place nearly equal to daylight; and they had strewed the street with iron crowsfeet, all showing how deliberately the attack was planned. It is supposed, however, the attack was intended for an adjoining house where a Chinaman resides who occasionally deals in opium.
"The captured robber was examined before the magistrate and committed for trial. We understand he resolutely refused to give any information regarding his companions." On one occasion the robbers attacked a guard-boat with a serjeant's party of Her Majesty's 98th Regiment, killed or drowned the guard, and carried off the money.
The overland "Friend of China" of November and December,
1845, has several narratives of daring piracy and robbery in and around Hong Kong.
+ Now five years.
HONG KONG.
15
diminution by one half would be satisfactory, for then a control by registration might be exercised, and life and property be rendered in some degree secure. The daring character of the population, and its worthlessness for civil purposes in the formation of a colony, will be seen in the following incident.
On the 27th September, 1843, the Hon. Major Caine, the chief magistrate, issued a proclamation for pulling down some mat-sheds, which harboured a gang of ruffians who were nightly engaged in plun- dering the town. In the beginning of October, 1843, the Chinese robbers posted a counter-proclamation on the gate of No. 1, Market- place, in the chief thoroughfare, declaring, "that if they left the island themselves, they would compel others to do so, taking with them their merchandize and property, and warning people to be cautious how they ventured out after dark, lest they meet with some unexpected harm."
At the same time the Government coal depôts were set on fire; the mat barracks of the 41st Regiment and the Market-place No. 1 were attempted to be burnt; and at noon, a number of Chinamen, armed with knives, entered the Market, threatened all around, wounded an Euro- pean policeman, and then walked away unmolested.
The number of prisoners in the jail of Hong Kong averaged, during 1843-44, from sixty to ninety a-month, and the crimes with which they were charged were invariably piracy, murder, burglary, robbery, &c. There has been no diminution of crime; the number of prisoners in the jail have increased; and the nightly robberies are as frequent if not more so than they were three years ago. The shopkeepers do not remain more than a few months on the island, when another set takes their place; there is, in fact, a continual shifting of a Bedouin sort of population, whose migratory, predatory, gambling, and dissolute habits utterly unfit them for continuous industry, and render them not only useless, but highly injurious, subjects, in the attempt to form a new colony.
There cannot be said to be any other coloured race in the colony; a few lascars seek employment in ships. The European inhabitants, independent of those in the employ of Government, consist of the mem- bers of about twelve mercantile houses, and their clerks, together with several European shopkeepers, A few persons have arrived here from New South Wales, to try and better their fortune, many of whom would be glad to return thither.
The principle mercantile firms are those engaged in the opium trade, who have removed hither from Macoa as a safer position for an opium depôt, and which they frankly admit is the only trade Hong Kong will ever possess.
"1
The opium belonging to the two principal firms is not, however, lodged on shore; it is kept in "receiving-ships," the "Hormanjee Bom- anjee," belonging to Jardine, Matheson, and Co., and the "John Barry,' belonging to Dent and Co. Even the money in use by those firms is not intrusted on shore, but is kept in the receiving-ships. These firms, and the three or four others partially engaged in the opium trade, carry on this business in Hong Kong; the tea trade is carried on dis- tinctly at Canton, by members of the firms resident there. Excepting the six firms engaged in the opium trade, the other six houses are small, and are principally agents for manufacturers, &c., in Great Britain.
471
16
REPORT ON
"
The expense of establishments, the high rate of interest of money, and the want of trade, will, it is said, probably ere long compel the removal or breaking up of several of the small houses. There is scarcely a firm in the island but would, I understand, be glad to get back half the money they have expended in the colony, and retire from the place*. A sort of hallucination seems to have seized those who built houses here. They thought that Hong Kong would rapidly "outrival Singapore,' and become "the Tyre or Carthage of the eastern hemisphere. Three years' residence, and the experience thence derived, have materially sobered some of their views. Unfortunately, the Government of the colony fostered the delusion respecting the colony. The leading Govern- ment officers bought land, built houses or bazars, which they rented out at high rates, and the public money was lavished in the most extraor- dinary manner, building up and pulling down temporary structures, making zig-zag bridle-paths over hills and mountains, and forming the "Queen's Road," of from three to four miles long, on which about 180,000 dollars have been expended, but which is not passable for half the year.
The straggling settlement called "Victoria," built along the "Queen's Road," was dignified with the name of "City;" and it was declared on the highest authority, that "Hong Kong would contain a population equal to that of Ancient Rome." The Surveyor-General, in an official report to his relative Sir Henry Pottinger, of twenty- two pages,
dated 6th July, 1843, proposed building an entirely new town or "city" in the Woonichung Valley, (which may be aptly called the "Valley of Death,") with a grand canal and many branch canals, &c. Two ranges of terraces of houses, &c.; courts of law, and various other offices; acclimatizing barracks; additions to the present govern- ment house, for the secretaries and personal staff of the Governor, isolated from all other buildings; a space of land to be reclaimed from the sea for a public landing-place, with an esplanade or public walk; a magnificent promenade of four miles, to be made on ground now cov- ered by the sea, which was to be excluded by a sea wall, at a cost of 35 dollars per lineal yard, exclusive of filling in, &c.† ; a circular road over hills and ravines round the entire island, &c., &c., adapted for carriages, and for moving troops with speed and facility to any part of the island, where they may happen to be required for the protection of the different villages! (these villages, be it remembered, containing nothing but a few hundreds of a thieving piratical population). I refer to the Government archives for full details of these and other most
* "The respectable Parsee firm whose extensive premises near Messrs. Dent and Co., are now nearly finished, have determined not to remove to Hong Kong; others, who contemplated settling here, have changed their minds and remain at Macao. Two English firms, within three months, have abandoned the island, confining their operations to Canton; and of the several new firms established within the past six months, none of them has even an office in Hong Kong. There is now positively less actual trade than we had two years ago, and the little that exists is decreasing."-(" Friend of China," editorial article, Hong Kong, 18th June, 1845.)
"It is much to be feared that unless very different measures are speedily adopted, this colony, as a place of commerce, will be utterly ruined."-(Ibid.)
† 246,500 dollars.
尹
:
"J
HONG KONG.
ridiculous projects, involving a vast expenditure of public money, which none but the wildest theorists, or self-interested persons, could have projected or entertained. On the 17th December, 1843, the Surveyor- General laid before Sir Henry Pottinger the elevation of a building for a Government office, &c., with a front of 360 feet in length, by 50 feet in depth, and which would probably cost £30,000 sterling. There seemed to be the greatest possible desire to spend a large part of the Chinese indemnity money on this wretched, barren, unhealthy and useless rock, which the whole wealth, talent, and energy of England would never render habitable, or creditable, as a colony, to the British name. illustration of the mode in which the public money was proposed to be spent, I give the following, which is a portion of the estimate of public works in Hong Kong for 1844, and which Sir Henry Pottinger trans- mitted to England for approval :-
side of Woongnichung Valley Ditto to go-downs of Jardine and Co. New street formation in Victoria
* In
Dollars.
Completion of Queen's-road from West Point to the East
28,000
15,000
35,000
100,000
Carried forward
178,000
Sewers in Victoria
17 472
* No outlay of money would ever maintain roads in the island, even if it were supposed necessary to make roads over rotten granite and decayed sandstone moun- tains filled with huge boulder-stones. The 66 1845, thus describes the effect of one of the usual heavy rain-falls, which took place Hong Kong Register" of 13th May, 7th May, 1845, and lasted only a few hours :-"The damage was very great, both to the recently-formed roads and to many buildings in the course of erection; and had the violence of the rain continued an hour or two longer, many houses must have been undermined and destroyed. As it was, much individual inconvenience has been sustained. About 5 o'clock, the whole of the Queen's-road, from the entrance to the large bazaar to the market-place, was completely flooded, to the depth of from two to four feet. All the streets leading upwards to the hill served as feeders to this lake. In Peel-street, particularly, the torrent rushed along, bearing everything before it, and the street still resembles a dried-up watercourse, covered with stones and wrecks of buildings. The passages from the Queen's-road to the sea were all full. The one leading through Chunam's Hong for hours pre- sented the appearance of a rapid river, and many of the houses on each side were only saved from the flood by mud walls hastily raised. About 6 o'clock the rain moderated, but for some time after the road was quite impassable. A Coolie, attempting to ford the stream rushing down D'Aguilar-street, was borne off his feet, but saved himself by coming against the frame of a mat-shed. The drain lately formed could not nearly receive the supply of water, which committed great devastation, flooding a new house in its vicinity to the depth of nearly three feet, and carrying away some new walls. All the open drains in the upper streets have suffered; many are entirely destroyed, leaving scarcely a trace of the street. stream from a distant watercourse flowed along the road above the bungalow occu- pied by the Attorney-General, and descending with great fury upon the roof of one of his out-offices, carried away a great part of it. In many places the Queen's road has been covered with soil, sand, &c., to the depth of more than two feet, and nearly all the cross-drains are choked up. The bridge at the Commissariat has been carried away, and that in the Wong-nai-chung has also disappeared. Several lives were lost by the fall of a house in which some Chinese resided; and it is said the stream at Pokfowlum burst upon a mat hut in which were a number of Coolies employed upon the new road; three saved themselves in a tree, but many more are missing, and supposed to be carried out to sea.
19
A
C
The
18
REPORT ON
Brought forward
Dollars. 178,000
Value of houses to be removed from Upper Bazaar and other
places
25,000
Drainage of Woongnichung Valley
7,000
Briddle-path to Saiwan
3,000
New church
35,000
Government house, with suitable offices, &c.
70,000
House for Judge
24,000
Ditto for Advocate-General
20,000
Ditto for Queen's Solicitor-General
20,000
Ditto for Colonial Secretary
20,000
Ditto for Chief Magistrate
Ditto for Treasurer
20,000
18,000
House for Land Officer
18,000
Ditto for Clerk of Colonial Council
16,000
Ditto for Colonial Surgeon
16,000
Ditto for Chaplain
16,000
Range of buildings for Advocate-General, Queen's Solici-
tor, &c., &c.
100,000
Prison, with house for gaoler, Hong Kong
45,000
Debtor's gaol, Hong Kong
20,000
House of Correction, Hong Kong
Two Police Stations, north side of the island
Two smaller ditto
Police Station at Chuc Choo
Ditto at Saiwan
Ditto at Pok-fulum
Keeping in repair Chuc Choo road
Contingencies of 5 per cent.
15,000
10,000
4,000
8,000
3,000
3,000
•
1,500
715,500 35,775
Consulate at Canton
751,275 45,000
Total
796,275
This is but a small portion of the contemplated expenditure; it does not include the formation of streets and roads in Hon Kong, which, on account of the mountainous nature of the island, would cost about 100,000l. sterling. It does not include barracks, stores, forts, arsenals, dock-yards, wharfs, &c., all projected, and which would cost several millions sterling before they would be completed.
It is unnecessary to pursue this branch of the subject farther; suffi- cient has been said to show the absurd and ruinous projects which were entertained, and the utter failure of the colony in regard to the nature and extent of its population: notwithstanding the large sums of money expended, the Governor is now obliged to hire a residence which belongs to the late Deputy Governor Johnston. The Government offices are in a temporary building which is falling to pieces; the General commanding has hired an inn for his residence. There is only one small barrack in
HÙNG HÙNG.
19 473
Victoria, and that has been recently erected; it is not possible to rent a decent house under 160 to 180 dollars per month, about 4007. sterling per annum. The Church Service is conducted in a mat shed; the civil and military officers are glad to get a location or even a room in any spot on any terms; and the prices of living and of servants, &c., (see Documentary Appendix) are enormous: while the whole population of the island is entirely dependent for its daily supply of food on the Emperor of China's subjects on the main land of China.
Commerce.-There is no trade of any noticeable extent in Hong Kong: vessels occasionally touch here on their way to Canton, or on their return thence, when laden and about to proceed to Europe for Vessels also proceeding to or coming from the ports to the northward sometimes touch here, for instructions from the owners or consignees, but very few "break bulk" at Hong Kong. There is a considerable business done in opium. Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co. have a large opium receiving-ship, the "Homanjee Bomanjee," moored the whole year round in this harbour: Messrs. Dent and Co. have also a large vessel, the "John Barry," for a similar purpose. These receiving-ships contain the opium brought from India, whence it is transshipped to smaller vessels, and sent up the coast. Messrs. Me Vicar, Burn, and Co., Fox, Rawson, and Co., and a few smaller houses, also deal to a limited extent in the opium trade, which re- quires a large ready-money capital. The smaller houses who have no vessels of their own consign opium to agents at the Consular ports, but it is kept on board the receiving-ships moored off or near those ports until the agents sell the opium to some Chinese broker-at Shanghai, for instance, who then receives an order for the delivery of the opium from the receiving-ship at Woosung.
;
There are no native junks trading here from the coast of China there are none belonging to the port; and a few fishing and passage boats, which form a safe asylum for ladrones and vagabonds of every description, constitute the native craft of Hong Kong. Even if natural impediments did not exist to the establishment of a native coasting trade, the Articles 13, 14, and 16, in the Supplemental Treaty, would effectually prevent any Chinese junks resorting to Hong Kong. Not only are the junks prevented proceeding thither from any places but the five Consular ports, but they must also obtain special passports for a voyage to Hong Kong, and when arrived there the British Govern- ment are to act the part of spies for the Chinese Government, and to report every vessel, the name of her proprietor, the nature of her cargo, &c., to the authorities at Canton. It is now well understood what was the object of these clauses; no passes will be readily granted; and junks that might proceed to Hong Kong, would certainly be punished by the Chinese authorities, who are exceedingly jealous that anything should occur for the advantage of Hong Kong. These and other circumstances, together with the fear of pirates, the want of a Chinese commercial community, the dearness of provisions, and the absence or high price of any trading commodities, will be sufficient to prevent any coasting trade at Hong Kong.
Dr. Gutzlaff, whose knowledge of the Chinese character and pro- ceedings is certainly unsurpassed, says, "So long as the trade is main-
C 2
20
REPORT ON
tained in the respective ports on an excellent footing, no vessels will visit the colony to buy articles at the same price which they can more easily get nearer to them, nor will they bring goods to Hong Kong for which there is an advantageous market in their own neighbourhood. When ships find it more profitable to proceed direct to the northern ports, the chances of Hong Kong becoming an emporium are very trifling. Whatever native or foreign trade may be carried on here must be brought to the colony by adventitious circumstances, and will last or cease according to accident; for, notwithstanding the excellent harbour, Hong Kong has nothing in its position or relationship to other ports to concentrate commerce."
Since August, 1841, Sir H. Pottinger has been issuing proclama- tions and regulations respecting commerce and shipping, for their encouragement and protection. No duties of any kind whatever have been levied, no inquiries have been made as to the cargoes of vessels; ships might enter and depart at pleasure-but all in vain; commerce cannot be created where no materials for it exist.
The Table in the Documentary Appendix* shows the shipping which entered the harbour of Hong Kong for three years. It consisted prin- cipally of transports conveying troops, and vessels calling for orders or seeking freight.
Ample trial has been given to the place, without any satisfactory result. Nearly four years' residence on or occupation of the island, and an immense expenditure, has failed to produce any commercial operation. Every month the shipping entering the harbour are diminishing in number; and the imposition of a tonnage duty would, it is said, cause a still further decrease. There does not appear to be the slightest proba- bility that, under any circumstances, Hong Kong will ever become a place of trade. The island produces nothing whatever; its geographical position, either as regards the Chinese coast generally, or Canton in particular, is bad. For the trade of the coast of China, it is too far to the southward of a territory which extends upwards of 2000 miles; and if it were practicable to remove the foreign trade of Canton, the removal would be either to some of the open ports to the northward in the neigh- bourhood of the tea districts, or to some island or place in the Canton river.
Among other delusions that have been promulgated, is the allegation that Hong Kong is a protection to the British commerce at Canton, and especially to the tea trade. With reference to the latter, it should be remembered that the Chinese are as eager to sell us tea as we are to buy it; that the cessation of the trade would be a greater injury to them than to the British nation; that there was no difficulty in procuring tea during the war; that nothing would prevent the Chinese supplying our annual demand for tea, and of course receiving in return English manu- factures. The tea trade is, in fact, as independent of Hong Kong, as it would be of our occupation of the Sandwich Islands. Canton, however, has no intrinsic advantages to make it the seat of foreign commerce. So long as the Emperor restricted all foreigners to the most distant southerly port in the empire, tea, silk, or any other exportable produce, was obliged to be conveyed thither, however distant the place of pro- duction or manufacture; but the case now is totally different, when the
* The documentary appendix is too voluminous to be printed.
HONG KONG.
21
northern ports in the immediate vicinity of the tea and silk provinces are, equally with Canton, open to British commerce. Several vessels have already laden with teas for England in the northern ports; this may be increased, and the trade of Canton would then be proportionally diminished, thus rendering Hong Kong (admitting, for the sake of argument, its reputed value as a protection to the trade of Canton) every year less and less useful to British interests in China.
It is for the advantage of England that our trade with China be carried on with the northern ports. In the central districts of China, along the Yang-tze-kiang and other great rivers and canals, the people are more civilized, more wealthy, and (now that they are becoming acquainted with the English) more disposed to friendly and commercial intercourse. By purchasing tea and silk near the place of production, the charges of land-carriage, fees, &c., will be reduced, and the cost price thus lessened by one-third to the British consumer; on the other hand, the Chinese will be able to purchase British manufactures at a cheap rate, when they are brought by our vessels to their doors. These and other considerations render it a matter of national importance that our trade with China be diffused over several ports, instead of being confined to Canton, and indicate that it is not desirable Hong Kong be maintained (even if the assertion be true) as a protection to the trade of Canton.
There are now five ports open on the coast of China to all European, East Indian, and American vessels. There can be no reason why foreign vessels should discharge cargo at Hong Kong, merely to change cargoes from one vessel to another; and as the Chinese Government now allows a vessel to sell part of her cargo at one port and then proceed to another, and will probably ere long form bonded warehouses at each port, there will be still less probability of any trade being established at Hong Kong.
It is, indeed, a delusion or a deception to talk of Hong Kong becoming a commercial emporium*, and to liken it to Singapore. The circum- stances and position of Hong Kong and Singapore present no resem- blance whatevert. Hong Kong is a barren rock, producing nothing-
The experience of every day shows the futility of expecting that Hong Kong will ever be a place of trade. The "Friend of China," dated 7th May, 1845, says, in an editorial article, "The mercantile transactions of Hong Kong are so very small, that they are scarcely to be included in the trade of China." The same tone, even more desponding, is held by the "Hong Kong Register." The "China Mail" of 8th May, 1845, also adverts to the "absence of all immediate prospect of extending the commerce of Hong Kong." The merchants, in their memorial to Lord Stanley, of 13th August, 1845, declare that "after four years' occupation, there is neither an import or export trade of any kind;" and they say they "cannot refrain from urging that such a settlement as Hong Kong was never actually required by the British merchants, and that it has become even less so since the opening of the five Chinese ports.
+ Syra, in lat. 36° N., one of the Cyclades, and a colony of Greece, resembles Hong Kong in its lofty, rugged, barren appearance, totally divested of verdure, surrounded by sterile isles, and with a moderately secure harbour. There is no level ground, the town is built in successive terraces from the edge of the harbour to the elevation of about 500 feet, and has a neat and picturesque appearance. But notwithstanding the sterility of the island, its admirable position has given it a population of 25,000 to 30,000 inhabitants; an active commerce, 10 to 15 vessels daily arriving and departing; 50 vessels of all nations, English, French,
474
1
23
475
22
REPORT ON
not leading to any place-surrounded by no trading or populous com- munities, with various commodities for barter-and disadvantageously situated at the most impoverished part of a coast-line of 2000 miles, and which, for half the year, is only readily accessible in one direction.
Singapore is most advantageously placed at the southern point of the rich Malayan Peninsula, and at the entrance of the Straits of Malacca, which may be considered the high road between Eastern and Western Asia. It is surrounded by, or lies contiguous to, the most fertile, wealthy, and populous islands and countries in the world- Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Macassar, Penang, Siam, Cochin China, Tonquin, Birmah, &c. The harbour of Singapore is capacious, perfectly sheltered, easy of access from every point of the compass, and never experiencing a tempest. The climate is very salubrious. The island is of great beauty and salubrity, with an undulating surface, and an area of 120,000 acres, all capable of tillage, and of which 20,000 acres are now under the luxuriant and profitable cultivation of sugar- cane, nutmegs, pepper, rice, betel-nut, gambier, cocoa-nuts, &c.
The sugar made by Mr. Ballastier with a steam-engine, or by Mr. Montgomerie by water and cattle-mills, is equal in quality to the produce of the West Indies. The nutmeg-trees are already yieiding abundantly; the black pepper produced during the past year amounted to 38,000 piculs (a picul 1331bs); the gambier to 85,000 piculs; and Live stock, bread, there are 10,000 cocoa-nut trees in full bearing. water, and delicious fruits and vegetables of every kind, and at mode- rate prices, are at all times ready for the shipping, who enjoy the advantage of a perfectly free port. Eighty-six miles of excellent roads have been completed, and extensive communications are in progress. Land is being sold in fee-simple at a minimum and maximum price of five to six rupees, or ten to twenty shillings per acre. Fifty thousand industrious and skilful inhabitants are spreading cultivation in every direction. Four companies of Sepoys constitute the sole military force of the island, which has not even a fort for its defence. The revenue in 1842 amounted to rupees 509,087, and the disbursements (including rupees 165,955 for troops, and rupees 49,789 for Bengal and Madras convicts), to rupees 494,029, leaving a surplus of income to the extent of rupees 15,083; and under the able management of the present Governor, Colonel Butterworth, it is one of the most lucrative posses- sions of the British Crown.
The remarkably eligible position of Singapore for a commercial emporium led to its establishment by Sir Stamford Raffles as a British colony in 1819, when there were but a few Malay fishermen on the island, who disputed with the tiger for their occupancy.
In 1821 the trade of the colony amounted to 1,000,0007. sterling, in 1824 to 3,000,000l. sterling, and last year, and indeed for several years the commerce of the island has averaged 5,600,0007. sterling per annum. This trade is carried on with many countries: with Great Britain, to the extent of 3,000,000 dollars; with Calcutta, 2,800,000 dollars; with Java, 1,500,000 dollars; with foreign Europe, North and South
There are no
Austrian, Prussian, Greek, Turk, &c., now in port; and six steam-vessels from Trieste, Malta, Alexandria, Constantinople, Smyrna, Athens, &c. fortifications. Why should Hong Kong require fortifications?
HONG KONG.
America, Madras, Bombay, Arabia, Ceylon, Penang, Malacca, Birmah, Siam, Cochin China, Manila; with Hainan, Formosa, and the whole. coast of China; with Sumatra, Borneo, Rio, the Moluccas, Mauritius, Australasia, &c. Traders from all these places meet by common consent at a central mart close to the equator, and exchange the productions of Asia for those of Europe and America.
It is erroneously supposed that Singapore has been created by its trade with China. Such is not the fact. The total import tonnage of Singapore in 1838-39, in square-rigged vessels, was 178,796 tons, of which that from China was 32,860. The native tonnage for the same year was 48,000, of which the Chinese vessels constituted 8000 tons.
The Straits' produce which the Chinese require are brought to Singapore by Malay or other coasting craft, who would not proceed to the northward; and the proprietors of the Chinese junks, with whom time is no object, and who go down the coast to the Eastern Archipelago with one monsoon, and return with the other, prefer the speculation. with their varied cargoes, and the visiting of their countrymen at the different islands.
But sufficient has been stated to show that there is no analogy whatever between Hong Kong and Singapore, and that the geographical, territorial, and commercial advantages, which have contributed to the prosperity of Singapore, are totally and entirely wanting, and can never be created at Hong Kong *.
Financial point of view.-There is no apparent prospect of Hong Kong ever yielding any revenue adequate to more than a very small civil government. The limited size and rocky nature of the island,-the absence of agriculture, manufactures, or commerce,-and the fluctuating and predatory character of the population, forbid the hope of an income
*
Dr. Gutzlaff, in November 1844, wrote the following opinion on Hong Kong, which Governor Davis forwarded to Lord Aberdeen :-
'ઃ Hong Kong, with its fine harbour, has not yet proved a place of trade, on anticipations founded at the opening of the port on the previous flourishing condition of the floating colonies at Lintin, Kamsingmoon, and Kapsingmoon.
"The whole state of things is now, however, materially and radically changed. The violent prohibitions against opium have ceased to be carried into effect, and the smuggling vessels are now everywhere scattered on the coast. Every raw and manufactured article may be bought, nearly as cheap as at Hong Kong, at any of the four emporiums; what should therefore induce the Chinese to fetch them from a distant mart? The Chuc Chew race of mariners and merchants have not yet made this island their abode, and unless they commence in earnest, the motley group now inhabiting our shores will never rise beyond the sphere of pedlars.
66 In the same ratio as the northern trade expands, the limits of the southern will be more and more narrowed; and unless matters are replaced in their former state-which is perhaps beyond the range of possibility-we cannot expect that Hong Kong will become a large emporium. Its only chance is, that troubles might arise at Canton, and the commerce be carried on here for security sake: local advantages that can in the smallest degree compete with Chusan, Hong Kong does not possess. If the climate continues as it has hitherto been, the sacrifice of human life will be enormous, and the public expenditure in the same proportion, without any solid advantage.
""
The "Overland Friend of China," of 31st December, 1845, says that a "native who has been in the colony from its earliest days, has brought all his property, con- sisting of sixty houses, into the market. Other natives are desirous to sell, and leave the island."
24
REPORT ON
being raised to sustain a regular Government Establishment on the scale now adopted, and which, indeed, is far beyond the present or per- spective wants of the island community. Under the most favourable circumstances, there may possibly, some years hence, be obtained from The markets, the rent of building-land 5000l. to 7000l. per annum. licenses, fines, and fees of every description, may realize hereafter about 10007. per annum. The levy of a tonnage duty would not yield more than 500l. to 1000l. per annum, if it did not drive away the few ships that now enter the harbour; it is not probable that vessels would pay sixpence per ton merely to call for orders, when they can lie in Macao Roads and daily communicate with Hong Kong. A registration or license for each male Chinese resident on the island, might, if there were a more respectable class of inhabitants in the colony, produce 6007. to 10007 a-year. Neither auction duties, stamps, or any of the other ordinary sources of taxation, would, under present circumstances, yield any revenue worth consideration.
The idea that the Chinese Government will sanction the introduction of opium into China at a moderate fixed duty, and that a large revenue may then be raised by warehousing the drug at Hong Kong, must, I think, be abandoned as illusory. The legal admission of opium into China by the Emperor, according to the best information I can obtain, is not at all probable. But even were the traffic in opium legalized, the traders have declared they would not pay any duty at Hong Kong. They can keep their large receiving-ships the whole year round in Hong Kong, or in any other harbour, or transship the opium from the vessels which convey the drug from Bengal and Bombay to this place, on board the smaller vessels, which proceed along the coast to sell or deposit it at Whampoa, Namoa, Amoy, Chimmo, Chin-Chu, Chusan, or Woosung, in the receiving-ships which lie in those bays or stations the whole year
round.
I will not discuss the question of raising a revenue in Hong Kong from the introduction of opium for smoking in the island, either by farming out the drug, or otherwise. Independent of the morality or immorality of the question of Government deriving an income from a vicious indulgence, so long as the Chinese Government prohibits the introduction, and make the use of opium a capital offence, it would not, to say the least, be seemly of us to encourage the use of this destructive and poisonous stimulant in Hong Kong.
The total revenue to be expected from this colony, cannot, in my opinion, exceed 10,000l. per annum; and to obtain this amount, several years must elapse, under the most favourable circumstances.
The per contra side shows an expenditure at this moment, for mere civil establishment, salaries and wages, at the rate of 50,000l. per annum, irrespective of the cost of any public works, roads, and buildings, which is estimated at 50,000l. per annum for several years; independent, also, of the Consular charges of 30,000/. per annum, and of the army and The whole showing a yearly drain on the British exchequer of half a million pounds sterling (see Documentary Appendix).
navy.
And here it may be necessary to remove an erroneous assertion, that this heavy yearly charge is only a portion of the revenue that England derives from the China trade.
The revenue which is obtained from tea is paid by the people of
HONG KONG.
25
England, who buy and consume the tea. It might as well be said that 476
the West Indies furnished the revenue derived by the British exchequer from the coffee and sugar consumed in the United Kingdom. The incidence of taxation is on the last purchaser of the taxed article. The tea merchant of London adds to the invoice cost of the tea bought at Canton, the freight to England, the insurance, interest of money, warehousing, customs duty levied in England, and the fair profits of trade on every chest of tea he may sell to the grocer, who then regu- lates the price at which he can afford to sell a pound of tea to his customer, who finally pays the whole charges, taxes, and profits to the several parties before he drinks his tea.
The revenue derived from the China trade is paid by the people of England; the merchant who carries on the trade does not pay a shilling of it. It will be for Her Majesty's Ministers to decide whether on a review of the whole case, there be any justification for spending half a million sterling annually on this coast.
As a general principle, colonies that will not pay at least the expense of their civil government are not worth maintaining. There does not appear any reason why Hong Kong should be an exception to this rule. There is not, as has been fancifully supposed, any analogy whatever between Hong Kong and Gibraltar. Hong Kong commands nothing: a glance at the chart will show that the navigation of the China seas is perfectly independent of Hong Kong; even the entrance of the Canton river is not controuled by Hong Kong. It is not possible by to make the island a fortress; and it is commanded money any outlay of by the opposite shore of the main land. But supposing several millions sterling were spent in fortifying Hong Kong, and half a million an- nually expended for its garrison, the cui bono would constantly recur: from a Chinese enemy the island has nothing to apprehend even at present; no European or American state would think of capturing Hong Kong, for it would be valueless to them; and if mere glory were sought by the acquisition, they must be aware the fame would be of short continuance, as troops and ships from India, from Australia, and from all our stations eastward of the Cape of Good Hope, would soon recapture the place or starve out the garrison.
But Gibraltar is differently circumstanced; it effectually commands the narrow entrance to the Mediterranean, and, together with the for- tresses and havens of Malta and Corfu, gives England a preponderating power in that great European sea, which is becoming daily of more and more value in her intercourse with the Anglo-Eastern Empire. Moreover, Gibraltar is a valuable commercial entrepôt; at one period 1.000,0007. sterling of cotton goods were exported through Gibraltar into Spain.
As a fortress Gibraltar is perfect; it is impregnable. The revenue of Gibraltar is fully adequate to its civil government, and averages upwards of 30,000l. per annum. The military expenses incurred by garrisoning Gibraltar saves the constant maintenance of a large fleet in the Mediterranean, preserves the balance of power, and materially helps to keep the peace of Europe.
The remarks applicable to Gibraltar, are also applicable to Malta and the Ionian Islands, both of which stations not only pay their whole
..
26
REPORT ON
civil expenditure without one shilling charge on the British exchequer, but also contribute a considerable sum annually towards military defences and protection. Both of these places are also entrepôts of a large trade.
Every colony of the British empire pays for its own civil govern- ment, except small sums which are voted annually in part aid for the Bahamas, Bermuda, the Falkland Islands, St. Helena, and Heligoland, but all these places are intrinsically valuable. The Bahamas, for the geographical position of their harbours; Bermuda, as a strong fortress and dock-yard in the Western Atlantic; the Falkland Islands, for their important position and fisheries in the great Southern Ocean near Cape Horn; St. Helena, as a strong fortress and recruiting station for our numerous ships doubling the Cape of Good Hope in their voyages to and from India, China, and Australasia (and in the event of war, the possession of St. Helena would be of great value to our merchants, and save us a large fleet in the Atlantic); Heligoland during the late European war was a large commercial depôt for the Elbe and the northern parts of Europe. Its expense is only about 500l. a-year.
Numerous as are the colonies of the British empire, they are each of some utility to England: for their territorial extent as emigration fields to provide employment for a surplus population; for their production of sugar, coffee, corn, cotton, silk, indigo, timber, oil, wool, &c.; as mari- time positions or military posts; as trading emporiums or fishing-stations. I have in vain sought for one valuable quality in Hong Kong. There are other good harbours around, and for 200 years we have not found the want of such. Government spending one shilling on Hong Kong.*
I can see no justification for the British
* This was previously stated in detail, accompanied by statements to Governor Davis, and in the following letter to the Lords of the Treasury:--
"Hong Kong, June 19, 1844.
"I have the honour to transmit herewith, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, copies of the correspondence which I have addressed to the Governor of Hong Kong, on the financial condition of this colony.
"In my letter of the 17th June, I have expressed to his Excellency my respect- ful opinion that no further avoidable expense should be incurred here, without fur- ther and most mature consideration. Every shilling of public money spent here is
a most useless expenditure of the resources of the British exchequer. I would most respectfully, but most earnestly, implore their lordships to pause before they sanction any outlay for fortifications, roads, &c.
CC
Hong Kong is not only valueless on political, commercial, or financial grounds, but it is positively injurious to our interests in China, by keeping up a constant state of excitement, with a large military and naval establishment, within cannon shot of the mainland.
"In the event of an European war, Hong Kong must fall before any strong in- vading force, unless one million sterling be spent in fortifying the island, and half a million sterling be annually devoted to maintaining a garrison and protec- tive force. But if Hong Kong be left as a free port, open to all nations, with a superintendent and a couple of clerks, the traders established here will provide, out of their own resources, for the police of the settlement, and the protection of life and property.
"Instead, therefore, of spending from 50,000% to 70,000l. a-year, for mere civil government, there need not be an expenditure of 50007, a-year; and in the event of
HONG KONG.
27
477
Religious and Social Influence.-The benefits derivable from our laws, institutions, and religion, can never be conferred on the Chinese by the colonization of Hong Kong.
We are here, in fact, almost as much isolated from China, its people, and supreme Government, as if we were located in the Eastern Archi- pelago. By the adroit policy adopted by the Chinese authorities, a "cordon sanitaire," if I may so express it, has been drawn around Hong Kong; no Chinaman is permitted to come here willingly, except he be a thief, a pirate, or a spy; no respectable Chinese with their families locate themselves in Hong Kong-if they did, their relations still remaining on the mainland, would probably be squeezed, imprisoned, tortured, and considered as traitors to the Celestial Empire. Hong Kong is viewed by the Chinese as a spot where adventurers and reck- less characters may make something out of the English; and where burglars and robbers may resort with impunity, and live upon the profits of their villany.
I am strongly of opinion, from circumstances that have come to my knowledge, that the Mandarins view with indulgence all vagabonds who propose to quit their own country and proceed to Hong Kong; that, in fact, direct encouragement is afforded them to do so. It is therefore the height of improbability to suppose that the possession of Hong Kong will ever enable us to disseminate our religion, language, and institutions in the Chinese empire. For two hundred years we have had extensive and profitable intercourse with Canton, without our missionaries and other good men ever producing the slightest effect on the people or government. The inhabitants of the southern districts are decidedly hostile to us, and are daily becoming more and more filled with a deadly animosity, which the possession of Hong Kong will not remove.
No converts are made by our missionaries on this island; but were such the case, no convert from Hong Kong would be favourably received by the respectable Chinese on the mainland. The Christian converts would be considered as coming from an island of thieves and pirates; they would be received with a suspicion which would check rather than advance the progress of Christianity. The missionaries with whom I have conversed, take this view of the subject.
They consider it hopeless to attempt the spread of Christian doctrines in China by means of converts from Hong Kong. Thus, in a religious aspect, Hong Kong is as valueless as it is on financial and on commer- cial grounds.
war, no nation would gain honor or profit by capturing a barren rock, which protects nothing, and which is not likely ever to have much property to defend ashore or afloat. These opinions will, I am sure, be corroborated by the able high officers of the line, artillery, engineers, and commissariat. As a mere port of shelter, the island may retain the British flag, hoisted under a superintendent; but there is not the slightest advantage gained by maintaining a single soldier on the island. Even as. matters now stand, I consider my department perfectly unnecessary; the whole of the colonial and consular payments may be passed through the commissariat, and my own salary and that of the clerks, &c., may be saved.
"I should be unworthy the confidence reposed in me by Her Majesty's Govern- ment, did I not unreservedly communicate to their lordships the strong conviction of my mind, after long and anxious thought, aided by an extensive experience in other British colonies.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN."
28
REPORT ON
Were our colonial authority and establishment at some island or position to the northward, near the central regions of China, we should most probably obtain considerable moral influence over an intelligent and respectable class of Chinese, who would communicate their favour- able ideas to other and distant parts of the empire; and by extending a knowledge of our language, pave the way for the introduction of Chris- tianity. An English city at Chusan, for example, surrounded by an extensive agricultural population (the best disposed and most orderly in China as well as elsewhere), and evincing all the benefits of the science and skill of Europe, would have a remarkable effect on the Chinese, whose inquisitiveness and imitative powers would soon induce them to copy those things which would conduce to their physical, and ultimately to their moral and religious improvement.
Political point of view. Hong Kong was occupied by our troops and merchants in 1840-41, at a period when our trade was driven from Canton; when we were in hostility to the Chinese Govern- ment; and when the Portuguese authorities at Macao had expressed their inability to permit, as usual, British residence and resort to that port. At this period, the views of Captain Elliot were solely directed towards Canton. Hong Kong was then deemed the most eligible spot for British occupation, on political and military grounds. And so it proved, as long as the operations were being directed against Canton, and we were excluded from China. northward, occupying Chusan, and ultimately making peace and open- ing five ports (including Canton) for free commercial resort, English But on our proceeding to the residence, and the establishment of a ship of war at each, the political and mercantile value of Hong Kong entirely ceased. The late war has shown us the vulnerable point of China, namely, the Yang-tze-kiang river, which is aptly denominated by the Chinese, the "Girdle of the Empire." In the event of any future hostilities, our force would be directed at once towards Nankin, and other places on the Yang-tze- kiang river, and not against Canton. It is by interrupting the supplies of grain, and cutting off the trade of the great artery or grand canal, that we can, with the least expenditure of blood and treasure, terminate hostilities with China. To accomplish this most desirable result, Hong Kong is utterly valueless. Our position must be Chusan, from its con- tiguity to the scene of war, from its comparative salubrity, safe haven, and capability of supplying provisions, both from the resources of the island itself, and from the contiguous coast. and transports may rendezvous at Chusan, and select, at will, the most fitting period of the year for offensive operations. No attack need be A fleet of ships of war apprehended from the Chinese. kiang for the use of steamers. Ships from Singapore and the south- Coal is abundant in the Yang-tze- ward, can now, by reason of a greater knowledge of the winds and cur- rents, reach Chusan, even against the monsoon, in nearly the same time they would occupy in reaching Hong Kong. And, finally, the Chinese Government, aware of our position, would be the less disposed to break the peace, and would cease to rely so much as they now do on the strength of the forts in the Canton river. Government is to keep foreigners at the extremity of the empire; but the sagacious reasons which dictate this policy, ought to render us the The policy of the Chinese
7
HONG KONG.
29
more anxious to operate in a counter direction. There are now seven fortifications, very strong, and apparently well provided with artillery, at the Bogue. With Chinese gunners these forts would prove, even at present, formidable to an invading force; but well manned by European or American artillerymen, the Bogue might be made almost as impreg- nable as the Dardanelles.
478
There are not, indeed, any fairly assignable grounds for the political or military occupancy of Hong Kong, even if there were no expenses attending that occupancy. The Government of China is sufficiently civilized to respect the persons and property of British subjects at Canton before any declaration of war took place, which, however, is an event of very remote probability for many years to come, if we retain Chusan; and as the Treaty with China provides for the stationing of a ship of war at Whampoa or Canton, a better security is thus provided for British residents at Canton than Hong Kong could afford. The
any climate of Hong Kong will not admit of the island being made a garrison for our troops; and in the event of another war with China, an invading army must proceed from India, unless we keep a small military and naval establishment at Chusan. But a very small effective force enormous expense; and the can be maintained here, unless at an impracticability of fortifying an island which is commanded by the hills around, and by any large battery erected on the opposite shore, is now generally acknowledged, and is in further corroboration of the inutility of Hong Kong.
On a review of the whole question, and examining the island in all aspects-making even allowance for the newness of the settlement-and admitting, for argument sake, that, ultimately, there may be some trade at Hong Kong, it appears to me very advisable, if Hong Kong be retained as a British station or colony, that the civil establishment of the colony be cut down to a scale commensurate with the resources and wants of the island; and that the supernumerary officers be provided for That the European and Sepoy in other colonies, as vacancies occur. troops be removed, and a portion of the 1st Ceylon regiment (Malays) be kept at Hong Kong, in aid of the civil power. That a frigate or sloop of war be always stationed in the harbour, with an extra comple- ment of marines, to be landed only in case of emergency. That the British and other respectable inhabitants who are householders, be formed into a municipal body, with power to assess themselves for the police, lighting, drainage, and street-making, &c., of Victoria; that the harbour be a free port, open to ships under every flag; and that encouragement be given for the resort to and settlement on the island of other European nations. If this be done, a few years will determine whether it be possible to create any trade, or induce any resort to Hong Kong. Large government establishments, and an immense outlay of the public money for the last three years, have produced no beneficial result; let the opium traders, and those who choose to resort thither, have a voice in the management of the affairs of the colony. There can scarcely be less general trade-less prosperity-less security to life and property, than now exists, with a large garrison on shore and a fleet in the harbour.
If there were any one advantage-political, commercial, financial, or religious, present or prospective-derivable to England from the
:
30
MEMORANDUM ON
existing establishment at Hong Kong, there would be some justifica- tion for the expense now being incurred, and for the great annual sacrifice of life; but when such advantages do not exist, it is worse than folly to persist in a course begun in error, and which, if continued, must eventually end in national loss and general disappointment.
R. M. MARTIN.
China, July 24, 1844.
[Every statement made in this Report has been since most fully and amply corroborated, and I am ready to prove its correctness by unimpeachable and disinterested testimony.]
London, March 1846.
R. M. M.
THE following Memorandum on Hong Kong, in substantiation of the foregoing Report, was given to Lord Stanley on my interview with his Lordship, 28th November, 1845 :-
MEMORANDUM ON HONG KONG, FOR LORD STANLEY.
1st. Hong Kong can never be a Colony,-By reason of its limited size, rocky, barren structure; incapability of producing any of the necessaries of life for the consumption of even one day; and, "under any circumstances, cannot be expected to afford nue towards the payment of its own expenses*.
any considerable
"3
reve-
2nd. Hong Kong cannot be viewed as a Commercial Emporium,- By reason of its disadvantageous geographical position; from the far greater facilities for trade afforded by Canton, and by other ports and places in China; by the distance from any populous or productive territory; by the poverty and piratical character of the adjacent islanders and inhabitants; by "the total absence of an import or export trade of any kind," after nearly five years' British occupation, and a large governmental and private expenditure; and by the Americans, Par- sees, "Chinese merchants, or even shopkeepers with the smallest pre- tension to property*," avoiding the island, which "was never actually required by the British merchants, and has become even less so since the opening of the five Chinese ports*."
Merchants' memorial to Lord Stanley, dated China, 13th August, 1845.
HONG KONG,
31
3rd. Hong Kong is unsuited for a Fortress,-By reason (a) of the impracticability of fortifying a continuous and irregular series of elevations and detached mountain peaks and ridges, each commanding another; (b) because different parts of the island facing the harbour, and also outside the harbour, may be effectually commanded by cannon from the mainland, and from the high islands in and adjacent to the harbour, which islands belong to China, while only half the harbour belongs to England; (c) because the long, irregular, undulating sea- face of Hong Kong cannot be defended by any isolated or connected line of fortifications, and it is also commanded by adjacent islands not belonging to England.
479
4th. Hong Kong is not required as a Military or Naval Station,- Because (a) it commands nothing-not even the entrance to the Canton river; (b) it protects nothing-not even the tea trade, and commerce of Canton, which is totally independent of Hong Kong, and infinitely better succoured or sustained by the stationing of a frigate or steamer at Whampoa, than by any army that could be maintained at Hong Kong, -as exemplified by the Americans, who carry on a traffic equal to half the trade of England with merely the occasional pre- sence of a ship of war in the Canton river; (c) because Hong Kong is too far distant from the scene of any future belligerent operations (should they arise), which must be carried on at the Yang-tze-kiang and Peiho rivers; (d) because any war with China ought to be mari- time not territorial-to be waged by steamers and frigates, and not by occupying distant and scattered towns and cities by our soldiery; and, (e) because Whampoa or the Canton river is a better position in every aspect for the resort of our mercantile or military shipping in the South of China, than Hong Kong can ever be, whether healthy or otherwise.
5th. Hong Kong is politically injurious,-By its too close proximity to the mainland at the southern extremity of the Chinese Empire.
6th. Hong Kong is ineffective for the dissemination of Christian Civilization,--By the dissolute, marauding, unsettled character of the inhabitants; by its distance from the millions of intelligent, peaceful, and semi-civilized people in the northern and central regions of China; and by the impossibility of disseminating Christianity from Hong Kong,
32
REPORT ON
as exemplified by the Americans and other missionaries, who, after establishing themselves on the island, and building commodious chapels and dwellings, have now all, in despair, quitted Hong Kong.
7th. Hong Kong is therefore useless to England.-(1) It can never be a colony; (2) it is not a commercial emporium; (3) it can- not be a fortress; (4) it is not required as a military or naval station; (5) it is politically injurious; (6) and religiously ineffective.
These points I am prepared to prove in detail.
London, Nov. 28, 1845.
RESPECTING CHUSAN.
R. M. MARTIN.
No. II.-To his Excellency J. F. Davis, Governor of Hong Kong.
Sir,
August 30, 1844,
DURING my recent visit to Chusan, on sick certificate, I deemed it On board "Alligator," off Formosa. my duty, as a servant of the Crown, to collect all the information in my power respecting that island; and believing that the information thus collected would not be unacceptable to Her Majesty's Govern- ment, I have framed it into a report, which I have the honour herewith to lay before your Excellency.
As this report, and the conclusions thence arising, are, in my humble judgment, deserving the early and serious attention of Her Majesty's Ministers, I respectfully request that you will do me the favour of transmitting the document to Lord Stanley by an opportune conveyance.
The infirm state of my health while preparing the report will, I trust, be some apology for its imperfections.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
CHUSAN.
33
430
No. III.-To C. E. Trevelyan, Esq., Assistant Secretary to the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury.
Sir,
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, September 20, 1844. I RECENTLY did myself the honour of transmitting to you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, a copy of a report on the island of Hong Kong, which I laid before Mr. Davis, the Governor, and which has been transmitted to Lord Stanley by his Excellency.
Having been ordered for the restoration of my health to proceed to the north-east coast of China, I availed myself of the opportunity to visit the island of Chusan, and some of the adjacent places on the main land.
Although suffering from extreme debility and a nearly fatal disease, I deemed it my duty, as a servant of the Crown, to collect all the information in my power, on Chusan, previous to our evacuation of the island in December, 1845.
Believing that this information would not be unacceptable to Her Majesty's Ministers, I have framed it into a report for the Governor of Hong Kong, with a respectful solicitation that his Excellency would have the goodness to forward the documents to Lord Stanley.
As the future pecuniary drain on Her Majesty's Treasury in London, for Hong Kong, and the expenditure on our Consulate estab- lishments in China, may probably be influenced by the course of pro- ceedings adopted by Her Majesty's Government with regard to Chusan, I beg to forward herewith, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, a copy of my report on the island of Chusan, as laid before the Governor of Hong Kong.
With great respect, but with deep solicitude, I venture to entreat the early attention of their Lordships to this document, as, in my humble judgment, the retention or evacuation of the island of Chusan involves questions of great urgency, and which are of vital importance to British interests in China.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
34
r
35
431
REPORT ON
Inclosure in No. III.
REPORT ON THE ISLAND OF CHUSAN.
Physical Geography.-Chusan, or Chowsan, so called in Chinese from its resemblance to a boat, is the chief insular settlement of an archipelago of lofty islands, varying in size and fertility, which extend upwards of sixty miles from north to south, and about fifty miles from east to west-distant from Kito Point, on the main land of China, about seven miles, and about forty miles distant from Ningpo. Ting- hae, the capital of Chusan, is in 30° 10′ north latitude, and 122° 14′ east longitude. The length of the island is about twenty-three miles from east to west, and the breadth from north to south seven to eleven miles. The circumference is about 150 miles.
The two principal bays are those of Tinghae on the southern and of Singkong on the western coast of Chusan; there are, however, several other bays and harbours. Tinghae or Chusan Bay or harbour is land-locked, and has three good entrances*. One hundred sail of square- rigged vessels may anchor with ease in the inner harbour of Chusan, although the adjacent anchorages are generally safe. (See maps accom- panying.) The rise and fall of tide is twelve feet six inches, and the average depth of the harbour is four to ten fathoms. There is a good position for docks and a dockyard, which are so much wanting in the China seas. Singkong bay or strait is six miles in length, with an average breadth of 700 yards. There are two entrances of easy access
at the north and south extremities of the bay, which is well sheltered, and affords excellent anchorages for ships of war, or for vessels of large burthen. Good water is plentiful. There is an admirable site for a large dockyard.
The highest elevation of the island is at its eastern extremity where one peak rises to 1100 feet above the sea; the average height of the hilly portion is from 500 to 700 feet.
Chusan consists of numerous ranges of hills, with broad intervening vallies; every range is connected by spurs or buttresses, assuming the most varied forms, and appearing as if of diluvian origin, many parts at no great distance of time having been left dry by the receding ocean.
Some of the vallies are from eight to nine miles long, and present one continuous scene of rich cultivation. The mountains and hills, wherever there is any soil on the surface, are terraced and cropped with different useful vegetables. Wheat, tea, grasscloth plant, sweet potatoes, cotton, tobacco, and rice, may be found on the same side of a mountain, the water collected on the top being permitted to descend to the different terraces, until it is deposited in the rice-field at the bottom of the mountain. In some parts the mountains are planted with fir, while the Spanish chesnut, walnut, tallow, and varnish trees, adorn and enrich the lowlands. Canals, some twenty feet wide, are very numer- ous, and kept always flowing by means of locks and of the numerous streams of fine water which fall from the hills, sometimes in beautiful cascades. The canals are used to mark the boundaries of property as well as for irrigation. One large canal southward and eastward of
* I beat into the harbour at night with perfect safety.
CHUSAN.
Tinghae admits junks of considerable burthen a good way into the north valley and adjacent to the gates of the city, at the rise of the tide which is twelve feet six inches (see map). The whole island is intersected by substantial paved or flagged roads about five to seven feet broad, slightly elevated above the adjacent fields, but which at little expense might be widened to admit of wheeled carriages. At present everything is borne on the shoulders of men; but the unshod horse traverses the roads with celerity.
The towns and villages are scattered pretty equally over the whole island; in the valley of Tachin is a very large unwalled town with a river running through it.
The whole island is admirably irrigated; the water which flows from the hills is very pure, and conduits might readily be constructed to bring abundance of water into Tinghae, instead of relying on the wells, which are said to be brackish and a cause of diarrhoea.
One third of the island, according to Lieutenant Sargent, is cul- tivated. Dr. Gingell, 2nd Madras Native Infantry, the Chinese interpreter, says, that 135,000 mows of land are under cultivation with grain. Reckoning the mow as equal to an English rood this would give 33,750 acres producing chiefly rice. When we consider that two crops of rice and one of oil-seed are obtained annually from the land (the October rice crop growing up while the August rice crop is being reaped) the amount of corn production must be considerable. As well as I could ascertain I am led to conclude, that the agricultural produce of the island is sufficient to feed all its inhabitants throughout year. The quantity of garden vegetables grown is very great; the soil, stimulated by the constant application of liquid manure (of which large earthen jars are kept at the corner of every field and garden), increases the size but diminishes the flavour of the different products which are grown in rapid succession, the earth being never allowed to lie fallow*.
the
* Mr. Bernard, in his interesting work, "Narrative of the Voyages and Services of the Nemesis," which I saw after this report was forwarded to the Governor, adverts to the hospitable, obliging, and civil disposition he experienced among the inhabitants of Chusan, and at ii., p. 187, thus describes the island
see.
"Nothing can be more striking or picturesque than the views on every side as you approach Chusan. Much as you may have read of the careful cultivation and economical husbandry of the Chinese (not always so great as supposed), you are here particularly struck with the garden-like aspect of every spot of ground you The country is hilly on all sides, but every hill is cultivated with extreme care up to its very summit. It is divided into small ridges or beds in which vari- ous productions are raised side by side, giving the greatest possible variety to the aspect of the country, and pointing out the vast labour and perseverance with which the tillage must be conducted to subdue the stubborn soil.' It is almost entirely spade husbandry, and ought rather to be called horticulture. In the low valleys and little sheltered nooks you trace villages and farm-houses of neat appear- ance, and every bend of the coast, every bit of low swampy ground is embanked, and recovered from the sea by long thick stone walls which are maintained with the utmost care. Behind these the ground is laid out in rice fields, irrigated with much ingenuity; and there is a general appearance of well-being and industry which indicates a thriving and contented population.
"How different from the aspect of Hong Kong and the other islands to the southward!"
If Mr. Bernard had visited some of the beautiful and rich vallies of the interior he would have extended his truthful description of Chusan.
D 2
432
37
36
REPORT ON
the
The constant garden cropping-the deep green of the large rice plains, and the cultivation climbing the hills-give great beauty to the scenery. And at early morn, the singing of the birds in the groves; murmuring rivulets through the vallies; and the fresh breeze from the mountains, enhance the charms of the landscape, and renovate the health of the debilitated resident of a tropical climate.
Were Chusan a British colony, its hills and vales would be adorned by charming villas, rich orchards, and luxuriant pasturages. English town, with all the advantages of modern civilization, would An become an example to the Chinese; and in the improvement of our own position, we should materially aid in the social advancement of the imitative nation contiguous to our shores.
Tinghae city, in length from north to south about 1200 feet, and in breadth about 1000, is surrounded by a stone wall of two miles and three-quarters in length, nearly fifteen feet in height, thirteen feet in thickness, surmounted by a strong brick parapet of four feet and a half high, and two feet thick, with small embrasures for matchlocks or arrows. The gateways, four in number, east, west, north, and south, are double, and placed zigzag as in India. At intervals around the walls are strong square bastions well placed. At the western side of the city the wall ascends a steep mound, now called the Cameronian Hill (the 26th Regiment being encamped there after our first attack on the island); part of this hill is therefore included within the city bounds. A canal (see map), thirty-three feet wide by three deep, runs parallel to the city wall, about thirty yards distant, except Cameronian Hill, and enters near the south gate. The level space at each side of the city walls is covered with rice fields, almost continually under water, and of difficult passage to an invading force. The flat country around is a succession of rice fields, bordered with the lofty Barbadian millet, which rises ten feet in height.
The city of Tinghae is extensive, and, like all Chinese towns, the streets are narrow (about twelve to fourteen feet), irregular, and flagged with large slabs of different kinds of stone. covered drain, which communicates with a canal. For a Chinese city, Almost every street has a it is kept extremely clean; the houses are generally of one story, but the tenements of the richer classes are very extensive, and form three sides of a square, with a lofty wall in front. Sometimes there are two or three inner courts. The shops are numerous, and there is a minute
division of employment. In many respects there is a resemblance to the tradesmen of Europe; persons of the same trade frequently con- gregate in the same street or neighbourhood. The shops have a long and broad counter, effectually separating the purchasers from the shop- men, with a money-till at one end; there are neatly-labelled drawers, or commodious shelves, and back warehouses for the careful disposition of the goods; a reel of twine hangs from the ceiling, close to wrapping- paper cut of various sizes ready for use. hanging partly on the outside, are various articles of such goods as may In front of the shop, or attract the notice of customers, with the prices affixed on labels, in some instances in such characters as are only known to the shopmen. Everything is sold by weight. Silversmiths in Tinghae now make spoons, forks, goblets, branch can- The artizans are extremely expert. dlesticks, and various other articles of domestic use. The tailors are
CHUSAN.
excellent and cheap workmen, and to the English, are known by their respective cognomens of Stultz, Nugee, &c. The supply of every article of provision, including meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruit, groceries, &c., is most abundant, and not one-half the price of very inferior articles at Hong Kong, where, indeed, it is often impossible to get beef or mutton of any description. Let but an European want be known in Chusan, and it will be very extraordinary if it be not supplied by a Chinaman. A European or Indian soldier is stationed at each gate of the city, but no difficulty is interposed, and no tax levied on perfect freedom of ingress or egress to or from the city. Many of the European officers, including that distinguished soldier, Brigadier Camp- bell, the Commandant of Chusan, reside in various parts of the city, perfectly isolated from each other, and with as much confidence and security as if they were residing in an English town. 2nd Madras Native Infantry are quartered in the city, and their place A part of the d'armes is a remarkable temple, filled with numerous human figures, of full size, admirably carved in wood, painted, and representing the human countenance and form in every expression and attitude of passion and affection-of grief and joy, of sensibility and intelligence. I have seen nothing equal to the artistic skill and true taste exhibited in this temple in any other part in China. The inhabitants do not seem to take umbrage at its occupation by our troops, who scrupulously preserve it from injury.
Her Majesty's 18th Regiment are quartered outside the city, in some two-storied houses which face the sea close to an extensive bund or embankment, which was erected with marvellous rapidity during the period which intervened between our first and second occupation of the island in 1840-1. This bund extends for nearly three miles along the sea front of Tinghae and Chusan harbour, and forms a fortified earth wall, pierced at short and regular intervals for cannon; and during our second attack on the island, about 150 pieces of artillery of various calibre (many of them however unserviceable) were placed in the embrasures. The bund now forms an excellent promenade for the gar- rison. The parade of the 18th Regiment is large, dry, level, and in the midst of the barracks, officers' quarters, commissariat and naval stores. Contiguous to the parade our Government have built an excel- lent two-storied hospital facing the sea, at an expense of about 10,000 dollars. The European artillery are quartered in comfortable barracks on Joss-House Hill (see map), where a few guns command the whole harbour, the city, and the surrounding plain.
A por-
Geology.-Chusan appears to have been upheaved by a submarine convulsion, or to have been left dry by the receding ocean. phyritic clay-stone, assuming in some places a columnar and in others a laminated structure, appears to constitute the main portion of the island occasionally a compact porphyritic stone of coarse conglomerate, capable of being split into large slabs, or formed into pillars, is found and quarried for various purposes. The soil in the valleys is a rich, dark, alluvial mould. There is no limestone on the island. None of the rotten granite found at Hong Kong or Amoy, and which yields such a deleterious gas, is perceivable at Chusan. About the centre of the island, and at a height of 700 feet, our surveyors found the com-
433
39
38
REPORT ON
pass to vibrate so much that it became useless; the same vibration was observed on the high land at the eastern extremity of Chusan.
Climate.--In this respect Chusan may be said to vie with the most favoured regions of the earth; it is the Montpellier of China. There are only three months in the year which can be called hot-June, July, and August. Fires are sometimes kept up till the middle of June, and woollen clothing is worn for nine months. The cold weather sets in about the middle or end of September, but the average duration of hot weather does not exceed three months: the remainder of the cold, bracing, or genial, according to the season.
is year hottest season, the thermometer in a good house, facing the harbour, Even during the ranges from 80° to 86° Fahrenheit, very seldom approaching 90°, and frequently descending at night to 78°. The average of the month of August is about 83°. (See accompanying Meteorological Register for June, July, and August, 1844, kept at Lieutenant Skead's, the harbour master*.) In September the mercury descends to 74°, and in the early part of October the cold weather season is established: the thermo- meter stands at 49° to 59° at sunrise towards the end of the month. In November the north wind is piercingly cold and bracing. In December the temperature is still further reduced; the ground is covered with a hoar frost; ice of half an inch thick is general in the plains. In January the thermometer sinks to 20° F.; there is a clear, bracing, azure atmosphere; snow falls frequently, and remains on the east peak, two feet deep, for ten days. February is like January. In March the vicissitudes are great: thermometer 27° at night; days hot; hills around snow-capped. April, easterly winds; sun breaking forth with increasing heat. May, ditto; but fires still necessary to the European.
The climate of Chusan is far more favourable to health than that of either Ningpo, Shanghai, or even of stations further north. Roman Catholic missionaries say that they are unable to stand the The climate and excessive heat of those cities, and that no European can remain there with impunity for a few successive years. suffered greatly up the Yang-tze-kiang river in 1842: thirteen men of Our troops the 98th Regiment dropped dead from the heat of the sun. and ague, diarrhoea and cholera, were rapidly destroying our soldiers Fever and sailors off Nankin. The whole northern region of the Yang-tze- kiang, of the Yellow river, and of the Peiho, is a flat marshy country, inundated as rice fields, or covered with water for a great part of the year, and subject to intense solar heat for about five months, without any mountain or sea-breezes to temper the atmosphere. Chusan has a constant sea-breeze at Tinghae during the summer months from the south-west monsoon; and the varied forms of its mountains and valleys produce a continual change of renovating airs. The thermometer rises at Shanghai to 107° F. in the shade; at Ningpo, as high; and at Chusan, at Lieutenant Skead's, the harbour-master, it rarely rises to 86° F.
*To economise space, this and various other documents, explanatory corres- pondence, and statistical tables, have been omitted.
+ It is observed in the "Nautical Magazine" for 1843, page 7, that the cli- mate of the middle provinces of China is said to be delightful; that of Pekin
CHUSAN.
Invalids from Shanghai and Ningpo, as well as from Hong Kong, Canton, and Amoy, seek and find health at Chusan. It is of the utmost importance to us to have a healthy station on the coast of China where our troops can be located and found always ready for active service. A regiment from Hong Kong could not endure the fatigue and exposure of one week in the Yang-tze-kiang district; a regiment from Chusan would be found as effective for service as any regiment of the United Kingdom, and might be marched to Pekin if necessary.
An ice-house is open at Chusan from 1st of June to 1st of Septem- ber; the daily consumption in July is about 800lbs. a-day by the English subscribers, of five rupees each; they pay also about one far- thing a pound for the ice, which is collected in winter, by a Chinaman. from the canals around, and deposited in a mud-walled house with a high thatched roof. Conduits carry off the melted ice outside the building; dry straw is thickly strewed over the ice. The Chinese use ice extensively for preserving fish.
Health of the Troops.-The state of the artillery stationed at Chu- san, compared with the dreadful mortality of the artillery stationed at Hong Kong (see my Report on Hong Kong), is very remarkable. There landed at Chusan of the Madras European artillery, in Novem- bes, 1842, after going through the whole campaign, one captain, one lieutenant, one bugler, three corporals, four bombardiers, and forty-nine gunners, total sixty-two; to these must be added three more, who re- joined from Hong Kong in April, 1843, and six from Madras in November, 1843.
The deaths up to August, 1844, were only five, viz., four gunners and one bombardier. The mortality may be considered at less than two per cent. per annum. The men are in the most efficient order, and as ready for active service as if they had been stationed at Woolwich the last two years.
Four companies of Her Majesty's 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment have been stationed at Chusan since the conclusion of the war, after being engaged in all the campaigns, and they have not lost by death one per cent. per annum. That portion of the 18th which returned from Amoy were very sickly.
The admissions into Chusan Hospital for Europeans from 1st January to 31st July, 1844, were 401 (including 104 syphilitic cases); of these but 6 died. Of 60 officers who have resided at Chusan for the last eighteen months, not one has died.
The contrast between the men of Her Majesty's 18th Regiment, stationed at Hong Kong, Koolungsoo (Amoy), and Chusan, is very striking. Out of 500 men of the 18th Regiment stationed at Koolung- soo* in 1843, there died seventy-five men and two officers; the remain-
agrees even with strangers; epidemic diseases are very rare and the ravages of the plague are entirely unknown; but the province of Canton is one of the most un- healthy portions of the country, and such it probably is. The writer is quite cor- The Chinese officials view appointments to the Canton province as a sort of honourable banishment, as we view Sierra Leone.
rect.
Koolungsoo is exactly the same geological formation as Hong Kong. We have left the bones of about a thousand gallant men at this wretched and useless island, which mightat any time be captured by a 10-gun brig.
40
REPORT ON
ing men were perfect skeletons, and unable to shoulder a musket. Out of the same strength, and in the same period of time, at Chusan, in 1844, the 18th Regiment only lost two men.
During the year 1843, the mortality of the troops at Chusan was only 1 in 29, or about 3 per cent.; at Koolungsoo, 1 in 12; and at Hong Kong, 1 in 3, or nearly 30 per cent. The invaliding was in the same proportion at these stations. The mortality of Her Majesty's 98th Regiment at Hong Kong is, on an average, about one man a-day.
The appearance of the troops on parade in Chusan is that of men in robust health; they have a colour in their cheeks, an elastic and firm step, and in performing their martial evolutions there is an alacrity and precision observable, as if the men took a pleasure in carrying a com- bined movement into operation, and which is in vain sought in the evolutions of the troops at Hong Kong, where the men seem to stagger under the weight of their knapsack, musket, and accoutrements*. The Indian troops "die like rotten sheep" at Hong Kong, but at Chusan their mortality is not 23 per cent. per annum, as shown by the follow- ing return of a regiment which served in the Chinese campaign-
State of the 2nd Madras Native Infantry, at Chusan, in one year.
Twenty-one men died in one year, out of a strength of more than 800 men, which is only about 2 per cent! In 1843 there was only one man inva- lided. The men look very strong and healthy. Numerical strength of offi-
cers twenty-six.
Months.
Strength Admitted
of
into Regiment. Hospital.
Died.
August, 1843
867
53
September
867
33
None
3
October
834
75
November
865
56
3
December
833
39
2
January, 1844
824
29
2
died.
February
823
32
None
March
821
35
2
April
818
30
May
813
35
I
June
681+
34
678+
40
None
I
July
A c & ∞ US & NO & on a c
None
* Her Majesty's 98th Regiment which suffered so severely at Hong Kong, last year, went to Chusan, where the mortality is now less than it would be in any part of England.
+ Detachment sent to Koolungsoo (Amoy), to relieve Her Majesty's 18th Regi- ment, who are dying fast.
CHUSAN.
41
434
The prevailing diseases have been mild ague and diarrhoea. The regiment has been perfectly effective since it arrived in Chusan in the latter end of 1842.
It is true that the troops suffered considerably from sickness, on their first occupation of Chusan. But instead of the health which now prevails, there would be as much sickness in 1844 as there was in 1841, if the same system were adopted. Instead of the soldiers being located, as at present, in good Chinese two-storied houses on the sea-shore, they were encamped in the wet plains and rice-fields, and on the side of a hill to the westward of the city. Numerous posts and guards were established in the burning heat of August. Her Majesty's 26th Regiment or "Cameronians" were the principal sufferers. They were encamped on the hill to leeward of the city and all its filth. They had no camp fol- lowers, and were obliged to go more than a mile through the city to the Commissariat for their food, which, when obtained, consisted of Calcutta-cured meat perfectly green with putridity, and Calcutta-made biscuit, crumbling into dust with maggots and weavils. It was impos- sible to eat such food; the dogs even rejected it. The men, worn with hunger and thirst, and harassed with numerous guards and constant alarms, drank profusely of the almost stagnant water in the canals that flow through the rice-fields around the city; and every green thing or unripe fruit which could be obtained was eaten with avidity. Large quantities of the fiery spirit termed "samshu'
"samshu" were easily procured, and it is not to be wondered that dysentery (no fever appeared) soon made dreadful ravages in the 26th Regiment. The conduct of the commanding officer and of those who had the charge of issuing pro- visions to the troops, was most reprehensible. There were at least thirty-five officers with the regiment and only one died; a conclusive proof it was not the climate of Chusan which killed the private soldiers of the 26th. They would have died anywhere under similar circum- stances*.
* Dr. Mc Pherson, in his work "Two years in China," at page 21, adverting to the health of our troops in Chusan in 1840, says, "It required no gifted sooth- sayer to prognosticate what the results would be when men were placed in tents pitched on low paddy fields, surrounded by stagnant water, putrid and stinking from quantities of dead animal and vegetable matter, under a sun hotter than ever experienced in India, the men on duty were buckled up to the throat in their full dress coatees; and in consequence of there being so few camp-followers, fatigue parties of Europeans were daily detailed to carry provisions and stores from the ships to the tents, and to perform all menial employments, which experience has long taught us they cannot stand in a tropical climate.
"The poor men, working like slaves, began to sink under the exposure and fatigue. Bad provisions, low spirits, and despondency drove them to drink. This increased their liability to sickness, and in the month of November there were barely 500 effective men in the force. A sort of infatuation seemed to possess the minds of the authorities. Medical men, as is often the case, were put down as croakers, their recommendations were neither listened nor attended to. True, it was reported that the general was one day about to visit the hospitals, but when almost at the door of one, some pressing business called him away. Once, also, the admiral and Captain Elliot were known to have walked through the hospital of Her Majesty's 26th Regiment. There were at that time upwards of 400 poor sick fellows on mats stretched on the ground, many, alas! never to rise from it.
"This melancholy sight called forth expressions of pity and compassion. The surgeon was directed to spare no expense-to procure everything he considered
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Population, Character, &c.-The population of the island of Chusan is stated by the Rev. Dr. Gutzlaff to be at a maximum 270,000, exclusive of the islands. Lieutenant Sargent of Her Majesty's 18th
Regiment was out four months with Captain D'Haviland, engaged in surveying the interior of the island, and indicated to me one hundred thickly-populated towns and villages as marked on his map, which are stated by Lieutenant Sargent to contain each from 1000 to 5000 inhabitants. He considers the island thickly peopled, and it appeared so to me in my excursions. The density of the population may be inferred from the circumstances of the females being equal if not exceeding the males in number, and from the great abundance of children everywhere observable.
There is now before me a census of the town or city of Tinghae, the capital of Chusan, made by the Rev. Dr. Gutzlaff in 1843; in which each house is numbered, the occupation of the proprietor stated, and the men and women, boys and girls, enumerated. According to this document, the inhabitants of Tinghae city are,-
Men. Women. Boys. Girls. 9,842
4,961 3,477
7,870
Total 26,150
The number of houses is given at 4,556, which, divided among 26,150 inhabitants, would give nearly six persons to each dwelling ;- a small average for China.
In robustness of form the men of Chusan, who are of an underset build, are quite equal to those of England, and they travel easily with a weight on their shoulders, slung from either end of a bamboo, which the strongest London porter would find it difficult to raise from the ground. They are industrious, civil, inquisitive, ready to supply any of our wants, and to imitate anything we require to be made.
The population is chiefly agricultural. There is much apparent comfort in the farm-houses; abundance of pigs, poultry, and goats round every farm. The people are comfortably clothed, lodged, well fed and housed. There is no extreme poverty, no beggars, and few large estates, the proprietorship of land being very much subdivided. There is great honesty among all classes, who are in general peaceable, orderly, and well conducted. Captain Bamfield, the magistrate of the island, to whom great credit is due for the preservation of social order, informs me that there has not been a case of homicide in the island since the peace of 1842, and that he does not know of any other part of the world where there is so little crime in proportion to the popu- lation. Indeed, the petty offences which take place are committed by strangers to the island; by persons from the main land.
The police for the whole island does not cost 100 dollars a-month;
necessary to be unremitting in his exertions, and to make application to the admiral direct, if aught was wanted. The surgeon recommended that a ship should be laid apart as an hospital ship, and that another should be given to take a portion of convalescents to sea for change of air. Unfortunately, however, there were no ships available at that time."
CHUSAN.
and the amount of property stolen and not recovered does not amount to 150 dollars a-year. There is frequently a clear jail, and of the eigh- teen or twenty prisoners now there most of them are confined for selling samshu (spirits) to the soldiers. In civil cases regarding money or land the people cheerfully submit their suits to Captain Bamfield's arbitration, and almost without exception the defaulters admit the claims made on them, and readily consent to arrangements for liqui- dating the debt in time, according to their means. The debts of ancestors are always recognized.
The people seem attached to our rule; they imitate our customs, and have great confidence in our veracity*. In many parts of Tinghae the name and designation of the shopkeeper is neatly painted in English over his door. Our language is being acquired very rapidly; particu- larly by young people, and they take great delight in their proficiency. Idolatry or superstition seems to have little hold on them; veneration for the manes of their ancestors, and the performance of various funeral rites at picturesque or neatly sculptured tombs, constitute their principal religious creed and ritual.
Although spies have been sent from the mainland by the mandarins to watch and intimidate those who might be friendly disposed towards us, yet many have not hesitated to avow their anxiety for our retention of the island, and to express their dread of the restoration of mandarin authority and all its "squeezings" and indefinable exactions.
The tax
A revenue might easily be derived from Chusan, adequate at least to the payment of its civil government. It is stated that, during the Chinese occupation of the island, the land revenue was 13,500 leangs of silver annually; the leang at Ningpo is equal to 2000 cash. There was also paid 6 measures of rice at 23 cash per measure, and 15 catties of grain at 16 cash per catty on each mow of cultivated land. was levied in coin, and paid into the imperial treasury. Among other taxes, there was a stamp on deeds, on the registration of property, &c. There was also a tax on the "foundation of houses," which may be con- sidered a ground-rent. There could be little difficulty in raising a sufficient revenue from such an extensive population, spread over a highly-cultivated country.
Animal Food, Fish, and Vegetable Productions.--Of beef, mut- ton, and pork, there is a regular supply, at an average price of fourpence per pound. The grazing ground is good, and. under European manage-
* In a letter from Chusan, dated 30th May, 1845, from a very intelligent and close observer, who has the best means of judging of the feelings of the people, there is the following passage:-
tr
'Nothing could exceed the peaceful and friendly disposition evinced by the natives. At Chusan, in particular, their favorable feeling is evinced by the extra- ordinary number of buildings, which, in the last seven months, have been erected in the immediate vicinity of the barracks. And to the eastward of Flag-staff Hill, a space extending 400 yards along the bund, and about 100 yards in depth, has been laid out in streets, covered with buildings, and is now a busy town, where nine months ago you saw a mere swamp.
"With regard to the health of the foreign residents, I believe there is nearly, if not quite, as little sickness among them, as in any community of the same size in England."
436
45
#
44
REPORT ON
ment, cattle might be cured and fattened in great numbers. The milk and butter of the cow and of the buffalo is very rich, and sells at mode- rate price. The flavour of the Chusan mutton is excellent; goats are numerous; hams are well cured, and nearly equal in flavour to those of England. Deer and hares are in season during the winter months. Beef and pork might be cured to any extent in winter, for the supply of the navy, and kept in ice-houses till required. Bullocks are about forty shillings each. Salt is made in great abundance on the coast of Chusan, and on the neighbouring islands. Poultry are plentiful, mode- rate in price, and of fine flavour. The Chusan fowls are larger than any that are to be seen in England; geese are excellent. Ducks are hatched by steam, and reared by thousands; one boy has charge of many hundreds; they feed in the rice-fields and canals. Eggs are very abundant, usual price 150 for a dollar. Of game, there are pheasants, snipe, quail, woodcock, teal, duck, wild geese (large and good), wild swans (very beautiful), &c.
Bread and confectionery, prepared in the English style, are well made by the Chinese. Sixteen-pound loaves of excellent white bread may be bought for a dollar. Wheat is grown on the hills, and rice and millet in the valleys; cauliflowers, peas and beans, cabbages, spinach, cucumbers, onions, turnips, carrots, sweet potatoes, bringalls, gourds of different descriptions, French beans, radishes, celery, &c., are brought to market in season. European potatoes are now being introduced, and every English vegetable and fruit, when cultivated, thrive in perfection. The tea-plant grows on the hills, and is sent to Ningpo and Chapoo to be manufactured for the beverage of the higher classes. The wild rasp- berry and strawberry are in abundance; melons and oranges are excel- lent; the peach, grape, apple, pear, apricot, cherry, and plum, only require careful cultivation for their improvement (at Shanghai the peaches are large and excellent). Walnuts and Spanish chesnuts come to perfection at Chusan. The tallow-tree and varnish-tree are among the most valuable productions of the island; from the tallow-tree a great abundance of candles of a waxy consistence are prepared; the varnish-tree yields a wood-oil of great use in furniture. The bamboo and dwarf oak abound. Cotton of excellent quality is largely culti- vated; silk, as yet, is of limited production. The tobacco of Chusan is much prized. The hop (humulus) grows on every hill.
The shores around Chusan abound with fish, some of excellent quality, such as the pomphlat, sole, seer, salt-water trout, herring, rock-cod, sturgeon, mackerel, and eel; oysters and cray-fish are in per- fection. It is stated that 40,000 fishing-vessels arrive annually from different parts of the coast of China, and remain three months fishing off Chusan. The "Yellow Mandarin" fishery is analogous to the her- ring fishery of Great Britain or of Holland. About 300,000 dollars capital is invested in this lucrative trade. Ice-boats attend the fishing- boats off Chusan, and as soon as the fish are caught they are packed in ice, and sent to the most distant parts of the empire*.
* The following extracts from Dr. Gutzlaff's "Retrospect of two years' Peace," written at Hong Kong, November, 1844, entirely confirm my previous report :-----
"Chusan will hold a 'very prominent place in the history of our commerce
CHUSAN.
Commercial Advantages of Chusan.-The external commerce of Chusan, on our occupation of the island, consisted chiefly of salted and
and intercourse with this country, whatever the political events may be in future. As a mere territorial possession, its advantages will be considerable. The tea that grows on the island is fit for exportation, though not carefully prepared for a foreign market; it is merely sold at Loo-choo, and other places in Keangsoo. There is space enough, unoccupied by any other cultivation, which could be care- fully planted with tea shrubs; and the proper tea men invited for this branch of trade from the Sungho hills, about seven days' distance from Ningpo. With a small expense of capital, Chusan and the neighbouring islands might produce, instead of ten or twenty boat-loads as at present, the same number of ship-loads of green tea.
"The silk worm thrives in the island; but is now merely kept by a few females, who take an interest in weaving home-spun dresses. People brought up from their childhood in this branch of industry, could be brought from Loo-choo (one day's sailing distance from Chusan).
"The island is fertile, and contains a dense, industrious, agricultural popula- tion, who, though more than ten times the number of the Chinese inhabitants of Hong Kong, require not one-fifth part of the police establishment for keeping them in order.
"As a fishing station, Chusan possesses great advantages.
"The catching of the Mandarin fish' during the spring months, is a very extensive and lucrative business to the inhabitants, and employs a large capital and many boats.
"For the whale fishery Chusan presents great facilities; for, during summer, the fish go to the Japanese seas, and along the coast of Korea, whither they have never yet been pursued. Vessels, therefore, fitting out in the island, would be just in the track.
"As a commercial emporium, few places in Asia can vie, in point of situation, with Chusan. On the opposite main are the most flourishing cities, as respects manufactures as well as commerce. In its neighbourhood the largest rivers in China disembogue, and these will always be the highroads of commerce. It is only two days' sail from Japan-the same from Korea; and though the former country still remains hermetically sealed, and the other has always kept aloof from contact with the whole world, they cannot always maintain this exclusion of national intercourse. Chusan is a half-way station between the northern and southern provinces; and was, as such, visited by large numbers of junks before the con- quest.
"Inasmuch as it ought now to be an object of our constant endeavour to open new outlets for British manufactures, no spot on earth presents such facilities as Chusan at the present moment.
"As a station for European troops the climate is most favourable; it is con- genial to the European constitution, and the soil would produce all the fruits and vegetables to which we are accustomed at home, if properly planted and cultivated. The imperfect attempts made for that purpose have well succeeded; and the mountains might be clad with the vine, instead of with the dwarf fir which now cover their sides.
"On account of the great rise and fall of tide, docks might be constructed on 'Tea Island,' or on the north coast of Chusan, for the repair of vessels; and it is worthy of remark, that the neighbouring Korean islands produce firs and oaks of the best quality, excellently adapted for the use of carpenters and shipwrights.
"In a political point of view, Chusan appears in the most favourable light. The great political maxim, always as much as possible to keep the peace with the Celestial Empire, can never be so well attained as by retaining possession of this island.
"The neighbourhood of a British force so near the great canal, and only about five days' sail from Pekin, will always make the great emperor very careful to adopt any measures that may wound the feelings of the neighbouring foreigners; and in case of such an event, the appearance of a few steamers at Kwachoo or Chinkeangfoo, would soon change the views of the great monarch.
487
47
46
REPORT ON
dry fish, of salt, and of samshu,-an ardent spirit distilled from rice, millet, or other grains. There was also a considerable entrepôt trade between the northern and southern coasts of China.
Now a foreign
trade has commenced, which will probably increase to a very large extent if we retain the island. In two articles of British manufacture, the sales at Chusan during the past year amounted to 1,000,000 dollars, viz.:
Cotton goods to the amount of Woollen ditto
ditto
Dollars.
750,000
250,000
1,000,000
[We omitted at the treaty of Nankin, to get a free trade between Chusan and other parts of China, at least during our occupation of the island.]
In July 1843, Captain Cleverly, of the "William Hughes," sold in four days in Chusan harbour, woollen goods to the amount of 85,000 dollars. There was not so much merchandize sold at the Consular ports of Shanghai and Ningpo in nine months, as was sold at Chusan in the earlier months of 1843. The Chinese prefer purchasing goods at Chusan, as there is no monopoly, and as they have no China custom house mark on them; and they are thus more readily saleable at the different ports along the coast, as they can be transmitted into the in- terior of the country, without being subject to the transit duties which are levied on British manufactures, even after they have paid the cus- tom-house duties at the Consular ports. The possession of Chusan, as a trading emporium, is the more necessary, by reason of the state of four of the Consular ports, which, excepting Shanghai, have not in any degree realized the expectations entertained. There is little British
"In Asia the observance of treaties does not arise from any conviction that they are an obligation binding on both parties, but it springs from sheer necessity and the moment this powerful law is not in operation, all engagements are null and void. The best guarantee for the maintenance of our treaty, will be the British occupation of Chusan. Its possession by England will render the mandarins more conscientious and willing in executing the beliests of their sovereign, and the great monarch more desirous of conciliation, than our fleets and armies stationed at the other extremity of the empire. Chusan will prove the bridle for restraining the wild and ungovernable passions of Muhchangah's party, and for keeping England free from all interference in the political affairs of China. In case of an European war, Chusan would prove a very valuable post for the protection of our shipping, and the expulsion of any enemy from those seas; and without such a station the northern trade, which ere long will be larger than the southern, would be exposed to imminent dangers.
"We would look upon Chusan as another Malta, not in point of natural strength, but of political importance, for the maintenance and undisturbed enjoy- ment of a commerce which, after the opening of Japan and Korea, and the access to Mantchouria, will certainly rival the whole of our Mediterranean trade.
"With a fourth of the money spent on the ungrateful soil of Hong Kong, Chusan would have exhibited a larger and more beautiful city than we shall ever behold on the straggling hills of this colony.
"If changes occur if difficulties in the performance of the treaty arise-if China resumes its perfidious conduct-if other foreign powers strive to obtain the mastery in its councils-if the country is agitated, and trade must seek a safe asylum, then the permanent occupation of Chusan will become the most salutary measure that could be adopted for preserving British ascendancy and influence in Eastern Asia."-[Dr. Gutzlaff's report, written iu November, 1844, two months after mine on Chusan.]
CG
CHUSAN.
trade at Amoy. The "Erin" and the "Mary Anne Webb" were at Amoy during the present month (August, 1844), and could not sell a bale of cotton goods, or of anything, although there was no stock on hand. At Ningpo, there is no resident British merchant. Goods have been lying at Ningpo for the last six months unsaleable. The Ningpo authorities are
are ever throwing impediments in the way of trade: they forbid the introduction of foreign goods in native vessels. from Chusan. I may mention the following fact: in July, 1844, the Cornwall," an English vessel of 300 tons, arrived at Ningpo from Singapore, with a cargo of " Straits' produce," and some British manu- factures. The "Cornwall" was chartered by a Chinaman, who is a merchant residing at Singapore; he was born at Malacca, and his an- cestors for three generations have been British subjects. There was a Chinaman from Singapore placed on board as supercargo by the Ma- lacca-Chinese merchant; but the captain of the ship and his crew were English. On the arrival of the " Cornwall" at Ningpo, the mandarins resolved on confiscating the ship and cargo, and it was only by the urgent representations of the Consul that she was saved. The "Corn- wall" then left Ningpo for Shanghai, and was totally lost on one of the banks in the Yang-tze-kiang river, when proceeding thither. The general policy of the Chinese Government is obviously directed to the greatest possible concentration of the foreign trade, thus rendering it subject to a more rigid system of supervision, and more available for exactions. The Tartar Government dread the extension of our trade in the northern ports, and would gladly drive it all back to Canton.*
* The following information was collected for Lord Aberdeen by the Chinese Secretary to Government during the past year :-
"Keshen, a Mantchoo Tartar, who, for a considerable period swayed the Cabinet of Pekin, was considered a great reformer in everything, and was supposed to be the fittest person to curb the Western Barbarians. He augmented vast wealth from bribes, peculations, confiscations, exorbitant interest on capital lent, presents, rewards, speculations in salt trade, proceeds from pawnbroker's shops, As a diplomatist Keshen had great tact-had perfect command of his temper -great politeness-always talked the fairest words-protracted discussions-never gave offence-never made any close connection-was ready with small concessions -but always avoided granting anything of importance. He realized most fully the sentiment attributed to Talleyrand, that language was bestowed on man for the concealment of his thoughts.
&c.
"When Captain Elliot and our ships appeared off the Peiho river there was not a single obstacle to oppose our capture of Pekin; Keshen was sent to negotiate with Captain Elliot and prepared a pretended letter from the British Minister to the Court of Pekin containing a sufficiency of truth to give a slight colouring to a great mass of falsehood intended to deceive the Emperor. To Captain Elliot he pro- mised, that on due investigation at Canton some indemnification for the opium might perhaps be awarded. When our fleet left the Peiho river there were great rejoicings at Pekin, and an edict was issued by the Emperor declaring that the English barbarians were respectfully obedient and yielding (to this moment the great mass of the people at Canton believe, as they have been told, that the English paid a large sum of money to be permitted to quit the walls of Canton). On Keshen's arrival at Canton he pretended great friendship for Captain Elliot, at the very time when he was planning to surprise that brave, humane, but too con- fiding officer.
"Keshen wrote to the Emperor that the English only wanted an anchorage or careening place at Hong Kong. But as soon as it became apparent that Keslien
had failed in his boasted annihilation of the Western Barbarians, there was no
48
REPORT ON
Mr. Thom, the Consul at Ningpo, who framed the new Chinese tariff; who was the chief eulogist on the advantageous extension of British trade with China; whose knowledge of the Chinese language is complete, and who has married a Chinawoman, now states that all his hopes have been disappointed. He said (10th August, 1844), "Free trade has proved a failure in China; everything here runs into monopoly. Government have appointed three hongs, who alone are permitted to sell tea at Ningpo. Government have granted a monopoly of all iron made in the district to one hong, consisting of two or three individuals. An English ship brought some iron here the other day; the Chinaman who bought the English iron at a dollar a picul below the price at which the monopolist hong was selling the native iron, was cited before the mandarins, who, after urgent remonstrances and reference to the treaty, at length said the monopoly was granted for internal or home-made iron, and that the Chinaman was at liberty to complete his purchase of the English iron. But in a short time the iron monopolist hong trumped up some other charge against the pur- chaser of the English iron; false witnesses were easily procured, and the unfortunate purchaser of cheap English iron was committed to pri- No interference of the Consul could be made, as the alleged offence had no reference to trade. The accused would probably be squeezed of all his property, and feel thankful he had escaped with life. Such conduct deters other Chinese traders from purchasing English goods, particularly where a monopoly has been granted." Mr. Thom
son.
CHUSAN.
49
438
proceeds further to observe," you may lay down large and liberal prin- ciples, but they are sure to be defeated in detail by the mandarins. Although the duties are low on imported English goods, yet a man prefers going over in his junk to Chusan, where he fills her with English goods, and takes them to Chapoo, Shantung, &c., where they are readily bought. The same goods, if sold at Ningpo, would be marked at the custom-house; and fifty or sixty miles in the interior, the mandarins levy a heavy internal transit duty, which effectually checks the consumption of British manufactures. I see no prospect of a large increase of trade with China, which has nothing but tea and silk to ex- port and no money. Silver is becoming scarcer every day; 2000 cash are now required for a tael of silver. Opium has drained the country. Formerly the Chinese bought our watches, mirrors, and other articles of luxury; now they are unable to do so, and there is evidently an in- creasing national impoverishment and deterioration.* In the Chinese you behold a nation without truth and without morals."+
Ningpo, one of the largest and wealthiest cities in China, may be viewed as a complete failure för a British Consular port.
With regard to Foochoofoot, although the Consul has been there two months, not a vessel has even called to inquire if there be a market; so hopeless is it deemed to contend with interested opposition.
It is for these, among other reasons, that Chusan would be so valuable as a British commercial entrepôt. Already goods have been frequently purchased there for the coast of Shantung, but probably destined for the gulf of Petchely and other places to the northward of the Yang-tze-kiang river. Chusan would also most probably become. an entrepôt for the valuable trade of Formosa, from which island it is only distant 300 miles, and from whence there is an immense importation of sugar into Ningpo and Shanghai, for the supply of the rich northern and central provinces of China, where the consumption is very great. The sugar would be a valuable article for shipment to England, and would be much more advantageously transshipped at a free port like Chusan, than under the trammels of the custom-house arrangements at Ningpo or Shanghai, irrespective of the export duty. levied at these ports, which on low sugars become a heavy per centage. The Formosa junks take back raw cotton, cotton cloths, Straits' pro- duce, &c., all of which British merchants could supply from Chusan.
* This is also the opinion of the Rev. Mr. Medhurst at Shanghai.
+ Mr. Tradescant Lay, Her Majesty's Consul at Amoy, says, in his work on China, published in 1841, page 3, "the Tartar Government, from the highest to the lowest, are liars and extortioners; possessed of wily cunning and ingenious malice; proud and insolent." On 5th June last, Mr. Lay said, on board Her Majesty's ship Iris," in the presence of General d'Aguilar and myself, that he adhered to every word he had expressed in his book on the Chinese officials; that further experience and extensive intercourse with them, as Her Majesty's Consul at Canton, at Foochoofoo, and at Amoy, had corrobated his previous opinions; and he declared with great emphasis, that "the rulers of China are the greatest villains on the face of the earth; there was not one to be trusted; and Sir H. Pottinger little knew what a knave and villain he was taking to his bosom in the person of the much-lauded Keying." These opinions I heard generally expressed by per- sons, like Mr. Thom and Mr. Lay, acquainted with the Chinese language, and brought into close contact with the mandarins.
The Consul at Foochoo, an amiable man, has done all in his power to pro- mote trade; but deludes himself and others on the subject.
E
language too severe for him, and he was sentenced to a slow death,-to be cut in small pieces as food for the vultures,-his property to be confiscated, and all his relations and connections to be punished and degraded.
"The property of Keshen seized and delivered over into the hands of the Impe- rial Treasury, for His Majesty's special use, was, 682 catties of gold, 17,940,000 taels of silver, 11 boxes of jewels, worth unknown. This was, however, only the first instalment, for Muhchangah, then Prime Minister, on a second search con- fiscated the following effects: 1438 large pieces of silver valued at 60 dollars each, 46,920 taels of broken silver, 6100 taels annual rental of property, 2,561,217 Chinese acres in land, besides houses, shares in pawnshops, saltworks, &c., &c.
"His property as first rated was equivalent to 8,000,0007. sterling; but on a subsequent minute calculation, was found of far greater value.
"Keshen's wives and concubines were sold by auction. Without trial, without any other charge than that of not having destroyed the barbarians, his property was instantly seized; he was sent with a chain round his neck as a felon from Canton to Pekin-where with great difficulty he obtained 100 cash (1-12th of a dollar) to buy some food-and he was subsequently seen starving in prison, where he was condemned to die a lingering death. The approach of our fleet to Nankin saved his life; he was subsequently released from prison, made pipe-bearer to the Emperor, at length made Viceroy of Tibet, where he is again accumulating a large fortune, to be perhaps again "squeezed" from him on the first favourable oppor- tunity. Such is a Tartar Government !"
A similar instance to the confiscation of Keshen's property is recorded by Sir George Staunton. "Hochuntong, or Hoquen, or Hokwan, the celebrated Minister of China under the Emperor Kien Lung, amassed before his impeachment by the Emperor Kiaking (in the fourth year of his reign), 80 millions of Chinese ounces of silver, or about 23,300,0001. sterling value in bullion or gems, which was found in his treasury, besides lands, houses, and other immoveable property to an amazing amount. As a mark of royal favour he was permitted to become his own execu- tioner!" [Sir G. Staunton's "Penal Code," Appendix, p. 492.]
數
:
50
REPORT ON
The proximity of Chapoo (the seat of the China-Japanese trade) to Chusan is of considerable importance, as the merchants engaged in it would doubtless prefer making their purchases of foreign goods at Chusan, free from duty, to proceeding out of their way to Shanghai, to buy them at an enhanced cost.
The Japanese three centuries ago made Chusan their entrepôt. With 30,000,000 inhabitants-the finest climate in the world-rich in various commodities, and abounding in gold and silver,-Japan is within two or three days' sail of Chusan, and accessible at all seasons of the Our occupation of Chusan would sooner or later bring about an inter- year. course with that exclusive people, the Japanese, on the ground that we had formerly a factory in 1613, at Nangasaki, in Japan; that we were unjustly expelled; and that we have an equal right with the Dutch to trade on free and just terms with the Japanese.
There are several other places with which a trade might be opened with Chusan, viz., with Corea, which contains about 12,000,000 inhabitants; with the Loochoo islands; the coast of Mantchouria; the Kurile islands; and even with Kamstchatka, &c. In fact a new and large commercial world would be opened to England.
The whale fishing is now being extended into the Northern Pacific, Chinese, and Japanese seas. Driven successively from the northern and southern polar regions, this gigantic and useful animal is seeking refuge in seas hitherto little frequented, from his untiring pursuers. To the whale-ships, Chusan would be an invaluable port for recruit-
ment.
In viewing Chusan as a commercial emporium, it is important to bear in mind, that although the largest class of ships in the British navy may with as perfect safety reach Chusan, as any other part of the world, yet the navigation to the northward of Chusan is difficult, even for small-class vessels of 200 tons burthen; few of which reach Shanghai without getting on shore on a mud or sand-bank. It would be hazardous for large-class ships to navigate the Woosung river, on which Shanghai is situated.
The same remark applies to the gulf of Petchely, the Hwango or Yellow river, the Peiho, and the other ports and rivers to the north- ward of the Yang-tze-kiang.
This circumstance would give us a great advantage by enabling merchants to send goods direct from England in large ships to Chusan, where they would be transshipped direct to the English coasting craft or Chinese junks, without further expense. At present goods are sent to Hong Kong or Canton, there warehoused, considerable expense incurred, and then re-embarked in small-class schooners or brigs for the northward; thus materially enhancing the cost of the goods, and delaying their transmission to the place of sale, namely, the richest and most populous districts of China which lie contiguous to Chusan, and render its possession in a mercantile view so important.
Ere long the valuelessness of our Consular stations, except Canton and Shanghai, will be fully perceived; it will then be acknowledged that the present stations were hastily and injudiciously selected; that other places, such as Suchoo, at the head of the Woosung river, Chinkeangfoo, near the Grand Canal below Nankin, and Tienstien, the port of the Peiho, were much better adapted for our trade. The annual
CHUSAN.
51
expense of our Consular establishments on the China coast, of 30,000%. to 40,000l. a-year, without any corresponding advantage, will be severely felt, should the Chinese Government resolve to open no other ports.
The intrinsic worth of Chusan as a British port will then be more manifest; our possession of the island will force the Tartar Govern- ment of China to the adoption of a less exclusive system: for the natural and apparently instinctive love of a Chinaman for trade would make him the conveyer of our merchandize to the numerous ports and wealthy districts around our settlement; thus bringing about practically a free trade with Chusan, which ultimately the Tartar Government would be forced to recognize, protect, and encourage*.
Maritime Position.-The navigation of the China Sea up to Chusan is perfectly safe and easy on all occasions. The difficulty of reaching
Sir James Urmston, who presided for some years over the East India Company's establishment at Canton, says, "The island of Chusan is situated at a very inconsiderable distance from that part of China which avowedly comprises the most fertile and productive, as well as the most flourishing and opulent provinces and districts of the empire, where the most extensive trade and manufactures are carried on, and in a climate well known to be the most salubrious of any part of China.
"Chusan is not only most advantageously placed for general trade, but is, in fact, close to those districts which are more immediately connected with the British and foreign trade, that is, at no great distance from the tea and silk districts, and from those marts where British merchandize is required and diffused, as well as those articles which are exported to China from our dominions in India.
"It may be observed also, that Chusan is well situated for communications with Japan, should we ever be enabled to open a negotiation and establish a trade with that singular country.
"It may, moreover, be stated, that Chusan is particularly well adapted for offensive or defensive naval and military operations, as well as for interrupting the Chinese coasting trade, which navigate the whole coast of China to an immense extent and amount.
"It lays, in fact, in the very track of that trade, and the junks which trade with Manila, Cochin China, Siam, Batavia, Singapore, and other places to the southward of China.
66
Viewing the question of a settlement on the coast of China in all its bearings, it appears unquestionable that Chusan possesses advantages infinitely superior to any other of an insular nature along the whole coast of China; and were we so fortunate as to be established there, there is every reason to believe that a most extensive and valuable trade would soon arise, largely benefiting the Chinese of all ranks and classes in that quarter, and proving, as it doubtless would, most advan- tageous and important to British enterprise and commerce."
"Nautical Maga- zine" for 1841, pages 44 and 45. [Remarks by Sir James Urmston, in a pam- phlet on China published a few years ago, and seen by me for the first time this day in the Straits of Gaspar, August 4, 1845. R. M. MARTIN.]
Lindsay's Journal of the voyage made up the Coast of China, has the fol- lowing remark relative to the insular places: "Superior to all is the island of Chusan. The advantages of a central situation on the coast, communicating with the very heart of China; of anchorages, harbours, fertility, population, climate, are here all united: Ningpo, Hangchow, Shanghai, and Japan, are distant only a few days' sail. Among these numerous islands (the Chusan group) there are almost as many valuable harbours or places of security for ships of any burthen, This advantage, together with that of their central situation, in respect to the Eastern Coast of China, and the vicinity of Corea, Japan, Loochoo, and Formosa, attract considerable commerce. 19
"Nautical Magazine" for 1840, p. 302.
£ 2
489
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REPORT ON
the northern ports against the monsoon has been purposely magnified by those engaged in the opium trade, who have for several years past navigated the whole coast of China, regardless of the monsoon. Cap- 'tains of merchant-vessels declare they would rather proceed from Hong Kong to Chusan in the north-east monsoon, than they would pass through the English Channel in winter.
A vessel proceeding from Singapore, or any southern port up the China Sea, against the monsoon, can reach Chusan as easily as Hong Kong, and within three or four days of the time, the difference of dis- tance being only 700 miles". The China coast, as far north as Chusan, and the entrance of the Yang-tze-kiang river, is bold, steep, and skirted with islands, where good anchorage may always be found.
The harbour of Chusan is superior to that of Hong Kong, more easy of access and egress in all winds, and safer in a typhoon. No gale can raise a sea in Chusan harbour. The holding ground is a tena- cious clay; and when the junks are driven on shore, owing to their imperfect moorings, they drive on a mud-bank, from whence they easily get off in fine weather. Sixty sail of British vessels have anchored in Chusan harbour at once; and the adjacent safe and large harbour, termed "Spithead," would contain treble that number of vessels. Ex- cellent anchorage exists throughout the whole Chusan archipelago, which is accessible to vessels proceeding in any direction to or from Chusan.
It is worthy of note that, for a large part of the year, Chusan is to windward of the adjacent ports and mainland of China, so that ships of war or transports can at any period with certainty enter the Yang-tze- kiang in a few days after leaving Chusan harbour. Naval commanders will immediately perceive the great importance of such an advantage.
One of the erroneous ideas entertained respecting Chusan was the impracti- cability of vessels reaching the island against the monsoon. The monsoons only blow in the tropics, and Hong Kong is on their verge. It is true the wind blows for a long period of the year (from Oct. to May) down the Formosa channel; but vessels at this season go outside the channel, but sometimes beat through: for instance, the "Omega, a small schooner commanded by Captain White, one of the most intelligent, enterprising, and skilful officers on the coast of China, left Chusan, June 13, 1843, went to Hong Kong and Macao, delivered her downward and received her upward cargo, and arrived in Chusan harbour on the 29th, being somewhat under sixteen days. This was thought much of at the time; but in June, 1844, answers to letters were received, by sailing-vessels, from Hong Kong, in nine days from the time of their being written in Chusan. In 1843, Captain White made, in less than nine months, seven sailing voyages up and down between Chusan, Hong Kong and Macao, and on two of these occasions proceeded up the Yang-tze-kiang river as far as Woosung, besides, on other occasions, touching at the ports along the coast. During the remainder of the year the vessel was either laying up or being repaired; had she been constantly running, Captain White says he could have made ten voyages with ease. Let it be remembered that this
each voyage.
On was a trading schooner obliged to take in and discharge cargo May 6, 1843, at noon, the "Omega" sailed from Dear island, Chusan, and in sixty-nine hours anchored in the Typa, Macao roads. Small British vessels, brigs and schooners, are now plying the whole year between Macao, Canton, and Hong Kong to Chusan and the northern ports. Under a proper treaty and freedom, there would be a very large coasting trade along the whole shore of China con- ducted in small British square-rigged vessels.
CHUSAN.
53
Military Position.-A glance at the map of China will instantly demonstrate the many advantages which Chusan possesses as a military station. Midway between the northern and southern extremities of this immense empire; at the entrance of the vast Yang-tze-kiang, which divides China into two parts, and by means of the extraordinary canals all centering in this river, affording a cheap and ready water com- munication with Pekin and all the richest cities and most fertile plains, --sufficiently distant from the mainland to prevent observation, and to guard against a surprise; in a healthy climate, abounding in commissariat supplies, and with the most important maritime advantages, Chusan may justly be termed the key of China.
Two regiments, a couple of frigates, and two steamers, would be sufficient, if stationed at Chusan, not only to keep the whole of the empire of China in check, but even to act on the offensive, enter the Yang-tze-kiang, occupy the mouth of the Grand Canal, and in one week dictate terms of peace without seeking any reinforcements from India. A flat country, thickly peopled by an unwarlike, effeminate, and commercial race, collected in numerous large cities, can never resist even a small well-organized invading body.
But our military occupation of Chusan would tend to prevent war, and to preserve our trade and position inviolate. The Tartar Govern- ment, conscious of its weakness, and of our superior skill in arms, would dread an encounter, when we were at their door immediately to confront them, and demonstrate that we were not again going to waste our time and strength at the southern extremity of the empire. Our very prox- imity to Pekin would make the Chinese Government more solicitous for the maintenance of good faith, and for the preservation of a friendly alliance. We have at present nothing to expect from China but through their fear of our military strength; and were that fear removed, I believe they would not hesitate to expel us from every port in China. I will not advert to Hong Kong; my report on that settlement will show that that island can never be viewed as a military position for Great Britain.
In adverting to the chances of renewed hostilities in China, the prohability of the western nations making this coast their battle-field, as France or was formerly the case in India, should not be overlooked. America or Russia might be engaged in war with China, while we were neutrals; the great value of our occupation of Chusan would then be most manifest. Or should China seek and obtain the assistance of England to quell domestic rebellion, or to resist foreign aggression, our position at the centre region of China would be equally useful. Whether England be engaged in an European or a Chinese war, her military and naval occupation of Chusan would be of vital importance, and the saving
many lives and much treasure.
of
It is a good maxim, that to be always prepared for hostilities is a sure mode of preserving peace. This rule would be found most appli- cable to the Chinese; and if our policy be the maintenance and exten- sion of social and commercial intercourse with China, England will not relinquish her naval and military position in Chusan.
Concluding Observations against the Evacuation of Chusan by England.-A careful reflection on the policy of the Tartar Govern-
490
..
:
D
| Bỗ
51
REPORT ON
ment at Pekin, and a minute examination of the occurrences in China during the last few years, will lead to the conclusion that, although the people, especially those of the northern and central provinces, are not adverse to us, but, on the contrary, are eager to trade with us, accord- ing to the extent of their means, yet that their Tartar rulers view us with alarm and fear, are anxiously desirous of keeping us at the very extreme part of the empire, and would gladly adopt any means, either of fraud or force, which might secure our entire expulsion from China *. This is quite natural, when we consider that a mere handful of semi- barbarians, but brave and crafty men, hold sway over three hundred millions of people, whose varied and ancient dynasties they, as con- querors, have displaced, and who must feel that, notwithstanding two centuries of occupation and imperial despotism, they are still an isolated race among myriads who submit by compulsion to their sway, as they would to that of any other foreign power, but who, nevertheless, anxiously hope for the restoration of a sovereign of Chinese origin, identified with the inhabitants by all those strong but indescribable ties which characterize persons of the same blood, lineage, and nation†,
*On the 12th October, 1842, very shortly after the signing of the treaty of Nankin, an imperial decree was issued from Pekin, respecting "the extermination of native traitors," i. e., of all who had in any manner assisted or countenanced the English during the war. The plans for their destruction, or police supervision, are laid down in this document, and they are a clear violation of the treaty of Nankin. The document fully evinces also the readiness of the Chinese Government to break any agreement which it might suit their policy to adopt.
The functions of the most petty mandarin, and the duties of the Imperial Cabinet at Pekin, are equally interwoven with intrigue, which constitutes the every day business and pleasure of official life in China.-Since the treaty of Nankin, it has been seriously discussed in the cabinet at Pekin, whether the time was propi- tious for breaking with the English. Dr. Gutzlaff states that the majority of the cabinet were in favour of an immediate rupture, which was only prevented by the sagacious Emperor requiring the belligerent ministers to raise the required levies, to head them, and to leave their wives and children as hostages for the success of the proposed measures. It has been truly stated to Lord Aberdeen, in an official memorandum, dated China, 22nd November, 1844, that "one uniform course has always been pursued by the Chinese Government towards foreign states :-if crouchingly submissive, contempt and contumely; if resisting, arrogance; if vic- torious, perfidy. There are no exceptions to this policy." We
We have, in fact, no real security for peace, but the possession of an island like Chusan, which is the key of China; as an efficient means of preventing war, our possession of this island is of the utmost value to the Chinese themselves.
+ The following observations are in illustration of this:-On the commence- ment of our war with the Government of China, the greatest personal hatred was expressed against us by the Tartars; but the Chinese party in the Pekin cabinet, with Swanshegau at their head, were silent. Six months before the treaty of Nankin, whoever dared to speak of peace was deemed worthy of death: Keshen (a Tartar) was considered to have sold his Government, and declared a traitor. Lin, for his opposition to us, was viewed as a great patriot-as the guardian patriot of the country, whom the Government at Pekin believed capa- ble of deciding the great national question with the sword. There was general regret at his degradation; and his restoration to high power is now hoped for. Governor Lin in a memorial to the Emperor, said if we were allowed to settle near the central districts of China, the poorer classes would join us. The Government itself stopped all maritime trade, in order to starve the barbarians."
Yupoo- Yuan, a generalissimo, urged the extermination of the barbarians; but Eleepoo, subsequently his colleague in the Nankin Commission, with a foresight of the dan- ger the Tartars were exposed to, strongly advised his sovereign never to give to
tin.
491
累
55
432
ANALYSIS OF CHINESE SOVEREIGNS-THEIR CHRONOLOGY, CHARACTER, &c.-(p. 55.)
[Indicating a greater extent of crime and sensuality than even the Roman Empire.]
Era. Dynasty. Name of Sovereign.
221 TSIN
Date of
Accession.
:2888:
Termination
of Reign.
No. of Years
8888888
:
reigned.
7884
88
Died, Dethroned, or Abdicated.
Cause of Death, Dethronement, or Abdication.
Natural
Do.
Destroyed for usurping throne Natural Do.
Name and Position of Successor.
Yuen-te
Character of Sovereign and Events.
Sanguinary, despotic, bold.
Built Great Wall in five years. Feeble. Succeeded by nephew
Feeble. Unable to resist Lew-
pang
Bold. Resisted the Huns
Very popular Paper invented Unsuccessful rebellions
Killed
his mother to prevent her reigning
Foreign invasion and domestic
treachery
Literary. Subjected the Huns Literary
Sensual and effeminate
Nine years old when placed on
throne
Ambitious and unprincipled Many rebellions
Budhism introduced
Ambitious eunuchs placed boys on the throne, in order to hold power during long
minorities, and then destroyed them.
Ascended at twelve years old. Great bloodshed in this reign. Foreign intercourse at Canton.
B.C.
B.C.
Che-hwang-te
210
Died
Natural. Assassination failed
te
210
"
Urh-she-hwang-te
210
206
4
Dethroned
}
206
"1
Tsze-Ying
206 202
4 Do.
Suicide. Dethroned by Lew-
pang, an adventurer Subdued by Lew-pang, a
bandit
Son. Urh-she-hwang.
Tsze-Ying
Lew-pang
202 HAN
Lew-pang, alias
202 195
7 Died,
Natural
Son. Heaou-hwuy-te
Kaou-tsoo
195
"
Heaou-hwuy-te
195
188
Died
Natural; without issue
Mother
Sunk in effeminacy
188
"
Mother of above
188
180
Do.
From excesses
Wan-te
Ambitious, cruel, dissolute
180
Wan-te
180
157
23 Do.
Natural
King-te
"
157
"
King-te
157
141
16
Do.
Do.
Woo-te
14]
"
Woo-te
141
Do.
Do.
Chaou-te. Son
Cruel and superstitious.
Chaou-te
68
Do.
Natural; ascended throne
by his Uncle
"}
æt. 7 years
Uncle of above
73
Dethroned
by the Nobles
Seuen-te
"
73
Seuen-te
73
48
25
Died
"}
48
Yuen-te
48
34
16
Died
Ching-te. Son
"
32
"
Ching-to
32
32
Do.
A.D.
Natural, but resigned power
to his uncles
| Ping-te. Son
A.D.
"
Ping-te
A.D.
Poisoned
by a noble, Waug-Mang
23
A regency of Wang
Mang
"
Wang Mang, regent
23
Killed
Kwang-Woo-te
888888
23
"
Kwang Woo-te
23
58
35
Died
58
Ming-te
68
89 31 Do.
Ming-te. Son Ho-te
89
Ho-te
89
"
Several minorities
"
168
39
Ling-te
168
189
Heen-te
189 220 31
"
220
"
Tsaou-pe
220
189 21 Died
Abdicated Do.
Natural Cruelty caused by Tungcho Tsaou-pe
Lew-pei
Heen-te
4.4
35
1
"
Lew-pei
How-te
255
Died Abdicated
How-te
Invasion and internal weak.
Prince of Wei-Woo-te
29
ness
255
TSIN
Prince of Wei-
Woo-te
Do.
"1
Hwuy-te
307
Hwae-te
307
313
6
Assassinated
Attacked by King of Han
"
313
Min-te
313 318
5
Do.
"
318
"
Sze-Ma-Juy
318 322
4
322
>>
Ming-te
322 325
3
Three minors
Died
"
362
Gae-te
362 365
3
"
Died drinking
365
Heaou-Woo
365 396
31
Strangled
"
396
Gan-te
396 419
23.
Do.
"
419
"
Kung-te
419 420
1
Abdicated &
420
SUNG
Lew-Yu or Woo-te
420
422
2
422
Shaou-te
422
Wan-te
··
454 32
Died Removed Murdered
"
454
Son of above
454 465
11
Died
"
465
Fe-te
465 466
1
Murdered
for his ferocity
"
466
"
Ming-te
466 472
в
472
5
Do.
"
477
Shun-te
477 480
3
Abdicated
"
480
T8E
Died
or Kaou-te
482
Woo-te
""
482
492 10
Son of do.
12
{
492
Seaou-lun
492 499
7
"
499
502
""
499 502 502
3
::
Tsang-Woo-Wang 472 477
Seaou-teaou-Ching 480 482
::
EIBEN 2
poisoned
Dethroned
Killed
Dethroned
Compelled by Woote
Empire in miserable con-
dition
Conspiracy and trouble
Numberless plots
from drinking
"Ambrosial"
liquid to procure immortality
..
When drunk, by wife by an ambitious general Compelled by the above
Unworthy of throne
by one of his sons
from debauchery
Killed fourteen nephews Bloodthirsty
Forced by his general
Min-te. A member of
Tsin family
by Governor-General
Ming-te
Three minorities Gae-te
Heaou-Woo
Gan-te. Son Kung-te. Brother Lew-Yu
Shaou-te. Son Wan-te. Brother by his son
Fe-te. Son
Ming-te
Tsang Woo-Wang Shun-te. Son Seaou-teaou-Ching Woo-te. Son
by son
Seaou-lun
Paou-Keuen. Son Seaou-Yeu Son
Printing from blocks invented Termination of Han dynasty
Unparalleled cruelty
End of Tsin dynasty
Patron of learning.
Budhism Sensual and depraved
Suppressed
Slew all who displeased him
These were rivals in their eager-
ness to shed blood
End of Sung dynasty Excellent character
End of Tse dynasty
Became a Priest of Budh
CHUSAN.
The late war with England, limited as it was in extent and duration, shook the Tartar Government to its foundation; and the protraction of hostilities for a brief period, and the occupation of Nankin, might perhaps have ended in its overthrow, or the abandonment of Pekin for a retreat in Mantchouria.
The appearance of a fleet of sixty sail of British vessels off Nankin, (for which Admiral Sir W. Parker deserves the highest credit,) inspired such alarm at Pekin, that Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary had nothing to do but dictate the terms on which peace would be granted. These terms were too hastily settled: several important points were over- looked, and so-called concessions were obtained, which were not only valueless (as for example, permission to trade to ports and incur heavy expenses where there is no commerce), but, as in the grant of Hong Kong to the British crown, was positively injurious and a waste of life and treasure, without the slightest compensating advantage. No right of direct correspondence with the Imperial Cabinett, or with the Lefanyeun Board, or Foreign Office, at Pekin, through which the Russian and other nations not in subjection to China, correspond, was even procured.
The obtainment, by the treaty of Nankin, of the payment of twenty-one million dollars, has been viewed as a great gain to England,
foreigners any just cause of complaint-advised peace on any conditions, and beg- ged the Emperor to make every sacrifice to conciliate the English. War was, how. ever, already decided upon in the imperial cabinet. Before our attack on the forts at Chuenpee, an order was issued by the Emperor to send the whole of the English troops to Pekin in cages, and not a shred of any of our ships was to be left un- destroyed! It was proposed to burn us out of Tinghae, and incendiaries were sent there (as they are now to Hong Kong) for the purpose of setting fire to our residences, at different times and places.
The Emperor orderd three line-of-battle ships to be built, of the same size, and with similar equipments and guns to those of the English. The official who received these orders had not materials to build three war junks, and knowing his fate at Pekin, committed suicide. But the approach of our fleet to Nankin, totally changed the Tartar feelings. The Emperor prepared for flight into Tartary; and so great was the confusion at Pekin, that silver to the enormous amount of nine millions sterling is stated in the official papers to have been abstracted from the treasury at Pekin. Any proposition for the continuance of the war was now viewed as high treason; the commissioners sent from Pekin to make peace with Sir H. Pottinger at Nankin, received instructions that "all demands were to be yielded without reserve or contradiction, and a peace concluded." These instructions were from the Emperor himself, and had their origin in the strong conviction that unless peace were immediately concluded, the Tartar dynasty must fall.
Dr. Gutzlaff, in his official extracts from Chinese state papers, No. 4, (Elepoo) dated 16th June, 1845, adverts to the exhausted finances of the Chinese Govern. ment, at the very commencement of the war with us; to the "miserable fortifica- tions that were thrown up; the half-starved soldiers; the wretched matchlocks ; the useless powder; the honey-combed guns; the miserable display of the whole imperial army." He adverts also to the "venality and greediness of the mandarins to swallow up the public money, which rendered all efforts to take up a bold posi- tion abortive." Peace with us was therefore the only hope of the Tartars for the retention of their unjustly acquired and ill used government of China for two centuries. The annexed abstract of the various dynasties that ruled China previous to the Tartar usurpation in 1644, shows there has been almost a constant scene of conquest, tyranny, and rapine, in China.
+ The Imperial Cabinet consists of six members, two of whom are of an inferior
Keying is second in rank of these two.
grade.
rtin.
by Seaou-lun
by the priests
"
"
552
557
CHIN
LEANG
Paou-Keuen Seaou-Yeu or
Leang-Woo-te Keen-Wan-te How-King Yuen-te
King-te Chin-pa-Seen or
Kaou-tsoo
by his general
Abdicated
Went into a monastery
50
Slain
by his general
Do.
How-King
Yuen-te
552 557 557 557 559
Do.
Abdicated
Finding he had no power
Chin-pa-Seen
559
Chin-tseen or
559 566 7
566
"
568
19
582
Wan-te
Pe-tsung
Chin-heu
How-te
566 568
Died
Deposed
Son
by his uncle
Uncle
568 582
14
582
590
100
8
Died Dethroned
Son
"1
by General Yang-Keen
By General
590
SUY
Yang-Keen
590 604 14 Died
Son
•
""
His son
604
""
Yang-Kwan
18
Strangled
by his brother
Brother
Slain
by assassins
617
"
Kung-te
619
TANG
Ley-uen
617 619 619
2
Murdered
by Le Yuen, his general
Ley-uen
Died
Kaou-tsoo
30
Kaou-tsoo
649
Do.
Kaou-tsung
"
649
29
Kaou-tsung
649 684
35 Do.
Chung-tsung
Tibet
684
"
710
བྷ ནཱ ཀྵ སྶརྒྱུ རྒྱུ ང
Chung-tsung
684
710
26
Confined
by his mother who reigned
Brother
His brother
Nephew
End of Leang dynasty
Wise and judicious prince
Imbecile
Voluptuous and effeminate
End of Chin dynasty
Utterly unfit to reign by de-
bauchery
End of Suy dynasty
Repelled Tartars
Encouraged science
Warlike.
Entered Persia and
Weak and debauched
888
13
905
"
Five
Dynasties
Juy-tsung
Heuen-tsung Tih-tsung Shun-tsung
Heen-tsung
Seuen-tsung
Several successors
Chaou-tsung
Chaou-Seuen-te
The How-leang,
How-tang.
How-tsin,
How-han and
How-chow
Chaou Kwang-Yin
suc.
ceeded.
960
SUNG
976
"
Tae-tsung
997
""
Chin-tsung
1100
Hwuy-tsung
1127
"
Prin-tsung
1162
"J
Heaou-tsung
1194
"
1266
"
Ning-tsung Too-tsung
:
:
960 976
Dethroned
by a rebellion
Son
Murdered his empress and children
::::
::::
888 906
905
-::::
Abdicated
Son
Poisoned
Do.
by liquor of "Immortality" by do.
Do.
Do.
17
Murdered Abdicated
by Choo-Wan
in favour of
End of Tang dynasty
The usual train of murders, rebellions, abdications, and infamy; cruelty and imbecility. The last of the How-tang dynasty obtained the throne by murdering his brother, and when attacked, A.D. 936, col- lected all the insignia of royalty, and set fire to them, to himself, his empress and children.
Son
16
Died
Natural death
976 997
21 Do.
Do.
997 1022
45 Do.
Do.
Made a prisoner by Tartars
Do.
Brother
End of Sung Dynasty
of vexation
Grandson
1280 MONGOL Kublai Khan or
Che-Yuen
Woo-tsung
1100 1127 27 Do.
1194
1266 1279 13 1280 1294 14 Died
1294 1307 18 Died
1307 1811 4 Do. 1311 1820 9 Do. 1320 1323 3 1323 1328
5 Died
4 {
Poisoned
Fled
1294
"
Timur, or Yuen
Ching
1307
"
1311
"
Jin-tsung
Son
1320
"
Ying-tsung
Assassinated
in his tent
1323
Ye-Sun-te Mur
Second son
"
1328
Toote-Mur
Abdicated
">
1328
Ho-chila
"
1332
To-hwan-te Mur
1332
1332 1368 36
,,
in favour of elder brother
Conquered by Choo-Yuen
1368
MING
Hung-Woo
1368 1398
30
Died
Natural. Rose from a poor
labourer
Chang
Grandson
1398
Keen-wan-te
Dethroned
by rebellions, &c.
"
Yung-loo
1425
Successor
A prisoner
1450
"}
Keng-te
Warlike, learned, frugal and good
Weak and credulous Revived the Eunuchs' influence
Invited the Mongols, who retained the country first under Gen- ghis Khan, and then under Kublai Khan
Devoted to wine and women Learned and good
Various successors
Choo-Wan
All perished similarly
About this period end of Mongols'
dynasty
Extirpated the Mongols
Choo-Keen-Shin
1664 TA-TSING] Taetsing, and other Tartars in succession Kanghe, who died 1722
Yung-ching, died 1753
Keen Lung, who reigned 60 years, and at 85 years of age resigned the throne to his son
End of Ming dynasty in 1644
Keaking, (1796,) an imbecile sensualist, cowardly and cruel; he died 1820, and was succeeded by the present Emperor
Taou-kwang, who is more than 60 years of age, and on whose death there will be a disputed succession, and probably great internal disturbances.
56
REPORT ON
but when the accounts of the East India Company, and of the War Office, Navy, and Victualling Department, are rendered; when the deductions of six million dollars for the forced surrender of a quantity of opium is made; and various other deductions for Hong merchants' debts, and alleged losses are added, it will be seen that no surplus of the twenty-one million dollars will ever enter the British exchequer. Even if there were a surplus, our present annual expen- diture of half a million sterling on this coast for Hong Kong, &c., would soon absorb it; while almost every dollar now spent by us here returns to China and will soon reimburse the Chinese for the indem- nity money*.
In both our Treaty and Supplemental Treaty we have bound and fettered ourselves in a manner never before seen in the regulations between two independent nations; instead of obtaining unrestricted freedom of trade and intercourse, whereby we might become better known and assimilated with the Chinese, and thus laid the foundation of a lasting peace on the basis of mutual interest, we have voluntarily fettered ourselves; almost shut the door which we had been so long anxious to open; made ourselves the police and custom-house officers, and even spies of the Emperor of China (see Supplementary Treaty and Consular Regulations), and adopted a tone of policy which must ultimately end in a serious infraction of the Treaty, attended probably by disastrous results, and the inevitable sequel --another war, in which the Tartars (who are now purchasing largely of arms and ammunition) may be better prepared than we found them in 1841-42,
In conformity with what appears to me an erroneous Anglo-Chinese policy, British ships and British subjects are prohibited going beyond the 32nd degree of north latitude. This is exactly the part of the coast of China, and that portion of the Chinese people, with which we ought to become better acquainted, and where there is a probability of the woollen cloths being sold, which are now lying at Shanghai and Ningpo, or are being returned to Canton unsaleablet. Why should
* Dr. Gutzlaff says that the whole revenue of the Chinese empire, as stated in their official books, is as follows:-
Land tax, in money
Ditto, in kind, valued at
Salt tax
Tea duties
Duties on merchandize
Ditto on foreign ditto at Canton
Sundries
Duties on marketable articles
Ditto on shops and pawnbrokers
Ginseng
Coinage
Total, Taels
Taels.
53,730,218
113,398,057
7,486,380
204,530
4,535,459
3,000,000
1,052,706
1,174,932
5,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
191,804,139
Exclusive of small items and stamp duties. Calculating the tael at 70d. sterling, this sum would annually yield 55,942,8737. 17s. 6d. sterling. The indemnity paid us of 21,000,000 dollars, equal to 4,375,000l., is therefore not equal to the revenue of one month of the imperial revenues.
+ The following recent circular from the highly respected firm of Hayter and Howell, of Mark Lane, London, January 8, 1846, is in confirmation of the remark
CHUSAN.
57
English merchants be prohibited by their own Government from coast-493
ing the Shangtung promontory, the mouth of the Peiho, the Corean
made in my report,-" that we want the northern coast of China fully opened for the benefit of our woollen trade in particular.
Upon this date, in 1844, we had the pleasure of waiting upon you, with a statistical account of the woollens shipped to China to that period, from the cessa- tion of the Company's trade. We have now to hand you particulars of the exports since that period, which are as follows :-
In the year 1844*
"
"
1845
Of which had arrived in China at the date of the last accounts of the shipments of 1845 ......
The average of the years 1844
and 1845 was.
The average of the previous nine
years was
The average of the years from 1835 to 1838, being prior to the
Pieces Pieces Pieces Long Ells. Camletst. Cloth.
Pieces Value at
Pieces Inferior present
Woollens. Rates.
Stuffs.
£
109,954 21,763 50,403
8,143 13,385 535,552
93,510 15,253 58,515 7,525
10,294 509,316
52,580 11,150 36,220
5,167
6,876 318,953
101,732
18,508 54,409
7,834
11,839 522,694
88,986
7,350 37,173
6,289 3,879 357,209
109,793
11,604 45,409
11,609 3,634 458,621
war.
The average of the years 1839 to 1843, being years of war or dis- turbance
72,342
5,945 30,585
2,035 4,075 285,582
Company's average
148,034 23,949 42,297
J
526,144
"From these accounts the following deductions may be made.-1st. That the annual exports of woollens by the East India Company exceeded those made since the opening of the trade, notwithstanding the great reduction in the cost and pre- paration of the goods.
"2nd. That the shipments since the termination of the war with China have not augmented as was expected; for upon a comparison of the average of the last two years with that of the four years prior to the war, the increased quantity has been only about one-eighth, notwithstanding that the exports of the last two years have been made at a reduction of cost, probably not less than 15 per cent.
"These results differ so materially from the effect of the opening of the China markets on the cotton trade, that the circumstance will doubtless excite the atten- tion and anxiety of those interested in the woollen trade, so long a staple branch of our manufacturing industry.
"In our former communication we intimated our opinion, that although great advantages might be anticipated from the opening of the China markets, still such advantages could not be realized without some delay. Whether the impediments to this extension are to be found in the competition of the Russians, who, posses- sing a monopoly of the return market, are enabled to sell their outward invest-
* "The excessive shipments made in 1844 reduced a good market to one of heavy loss, for the rates quoted are below the cost of the goods in England."
"Including those of Dutch manufacture which have been shipped from this country."
+
58
REPORT ON
peninsula, the Kurile islands, &c.* Our free intercourse with these regions would benefit the Chinese and Coreans, as well as ourselves.
It might be thought irrelevant were I to descant further on the Anglo-Chinese policy+. In the remarks which I have made, I have been desirous of demonstrating that, in my humble opinion, the course hitherto adopted is not that which will secure a permanent peace, and a beneficial and friendly interchange of commercial resources, and of intellectual advantages.
To avoid, or at least to mitigate, the evil consequence attending a rupture between England and China, our continued occupation of Chusan seems to me the most desirable course. There are many fair and for- cible reasons which would justify this occupation, and which would en- able us to prove to the Chinese Government, that it would be for their immediate and permanent interest and national safety, that we should remain in possession of Chusan. It is a trite remark on England, that what she gains by war she loses by diplomacy. If we abandon Chusan, the truth of the remark will be forcibly illustrated; should we quit the island in December, 1845, I have not the slightest doubt that it will be occupied by the French. This opinion is universal at Chusan, and at Ningpo, Shanghai, and Amoy, even among the Chinese themselves‡. It would be unnecessary to cite opinions on the subject. I may observe, however, that Lord Suirdale stated to me at Chusan, 7th August, 1844, that he was recently informed by two officers, of lieutenant's rank, be- longing to the French frigate "Alcmène" (which has been at anchor for many months in Chusan harbour), that it was their intention to occupy Chusan on its evacuation by the English. Lord Suirdale en- quired on what plea such a step would be adopted; he was answered- "the Chinese Government have granted an island to England; they must also grant one to France, and this is the only island on the coast worth our acceptance and colonization."|| The Rev. Father Danni-
court, the French Roman Catholic priest at Chusan, admitted to me that the above intention was to be acted on.
It would be unnecessary to propound the question, would it be advantageous for England, or for China, that France had military possession of Chusan: I say military, because she has no trade on
ments at ruinously low rates, or whether they arise from the peculiar personal and domestic habits of the Chinese, or from both these causes combined, we still look forward to an increase of the woollen trade, as a probable result of our extended acquaintance and dealing with that portion of the Chinese population residing in the neighbourhood and northward of the island of Chusan.
The Americans are now proceeding to the northward of 32°, and we have thus thrown the trade in the hands of our rivals on this coast.
+ Among our other errors, we did not even think of stipulating for a revision of our treaty after ten or fifteen years this was obtained by the Americans; we did not require immunity for our Christian servants and followers; for authority to erect places of Christian worship, or to form cemetries. These points were granted to the French and to the Americans, almost as soon as asked; and the Emperor has finally acceded to the wish of the French plenipotentiary, and granted perfect toler- ation for Christianity. Such thoughts never seem to have entered the mind of the British plenipotentiary.
On this important point I obtained much additional information, which I communicated to Her Majesty's Government on several occasions.
The same observation was made by Monsieur Lagréné, the French Minister to the Court of China.
CHUSAN.
59
this coast, and is not likely ever to have any worth the occupation of an island like Chusan, for mere commercial
* purposes A brief remark on another point appears necessary.
It has been supposed by some that the Chinese empire is on the eve of dissolution, and that any foreign aggression, or pressure from without, would cause a rebellion and anarchy throughout the whole country. That China is a decaying nation is evident to those who attentively examine its present condition and past history. We see no new intellect, no improvement in anything: in the military art, or in nautical affairs, the skill of past ages is not exercised; and the people point with pride to monumental or triumphal arches (as at Ningpo), bronze castings, sculptures and carvings, which they are at present unable to execute. Although abounding in authors and literature, no work has been written on the Anglo-Chinese war--nothing in fact was composed or appeared from the numerous printing offices of China, but the lives of two or three generals who had committed suicide or were killed in action. Wealth, individual and national, is diminishing, and the influence of Government (at least of the executive Government) decaying. In these opinions, the Rev. Mr. Medhurst, Dr. Gutzlaff, Mr. Lay, Mr. Thom, and other Chinese scholars agree. But although the mass of the Chinese people are either stagnant or retrograding, there does not appear any ground for supposing that the complete and final overthrow of the Tartar Government would cause general disorder, plunder and anarchy, in China. It is impossible to examine the economy and police of a Chinese city and not perceive how care- fully life and property are preserved by their "watch and ward" system, and to admit that if left to themselves, and not obliged to flee in terror to save their lives from a foreign "barbarian," how fully adequate the Chinese themselves are to the maintenance of the muni- cipalities that exist in each city in China. The idea, therefore, that the Chinese empire is likely to fall, and to be destroyed, if England persevered in seeking a freer intercourse with the people, is, I think, untenable; that the Tartar authority might in time be shaken, or put aside, is not altogether improbable, but that would not affect the mass of the nation, except perhaps beneficially, by giving them an impetus and vivification which they have long required+.
The French plenipotentiary has obtained from the Chinese Government authority for any of the French ships of war to enter, refit, and visit any port in China; I think there is also an understanding that a French merchant-vessel may enter any port in China for recruitment. It is specially provided that if China and England be at war, or France and England, the ports of China are at all times to be opened to French vessels as friendly ships.
One of the best-informed men in China corroborated fully my views that democracy and despotism are co-exist in China, although the whole executive Government at Pekin is cast in an iron mould,--one mode of doing anything,-oue thought stereotyped. This makes the Chinese automatons: a Government man dare not move or think for himself, but must do as he is taught; so also his speech and behaviour. The study of ceremonial is the most important duty of life. Centralization is the leading principle of the Government. Anything like a military power in China would end in the destruction of the Government; lawless armed bands would spring up, and raise the military above the literary. The law is therefore the great weapon of Government, and the most powerful instrument of revenge, malice, and hatred in the people. Women, when they dislike their hus-
434
60
REPORT ON CHUSAN.
But the assertion, even if substantially correct, would be no justi- fication for our resigning Chusan; our occupation of that island could not accelerate the dissolution of the Chinese empire, on the contrary, it might be made the means of retarding such an event; and even should it occur, our position near the Yang-tze-kiang would enable us to retain any commerce we had established, and to carry on the tea trade, should it be driven from Canton.
In conclusion, there are, I respectfully submit, many cogent argu- ments of the highest state policy for our continued and permanent occupation of Chusan, and but one reason assigned for its evacuation in December 1845, namely, that we have promised to do so on the fulfilment of the terms of the treaty of Nankin. But have these terms been fulfilled in the letter and spirit in which they were framed by the British+? Has diplomacy lost all power, that it cannot be exercised in the intervening period assigned for the evacuation?
I am ready, if required, to lay before Her Majesty's Ministers my reasons
bands, commit suicide in such a manner that their spouses may be charged with murder. The police and Tartar troops hold the lower classes in complete subjec- tion. The whole system has been aptly compared to a railroad carriage, which moves well so long as there is no impediment, but a pebble on the rail destroys all. Whatever be the result, the English and the other western nations have now become the pebble on the rail.
The humiliation of the Government of China has reduced to a low scale all the inferior grades of officials in their intercourse with foreigners; and we are cordially hated by the Tartars and all officials, who feel that the terror inspired, and the fame of the Mantchoos in particular, is entirely gone. The people at large, there- fore, have reaped great benefit from the change; there is now a certain acknow- ledgment of their rights, arbitrary oppressions and seizures are of much rarer occurrence, and the exactions are considerably reduced.
The Chinese Secretary who makes these remarks, proceeds to observe, that "It cannot be expected that the old system will stand long, because the shocks with which it has been assailed, and will be assailed, are rude and overwhelming, and the pressure from within and without fearful. Great and awful will be the crash- terrific the shaking. It is a mighty colossus, put together with much care, pro- tected by antiquity, by narrowmindedness, by old custom, by an extensive Govern- ment. But the foundation is undermined, and there is a cancer-worm eating its very supports.
"China has no serfs, and slavery only in name. The inhabitants are ready in devices, and unwearied in the execution. From such a nation great things may be expected. What they most want is the introduction of Christianity, founded upon individual conviction.
"Whatever now may happen, one or other foreign power will advocate the interests of one party, because China has ceased to be a terra incognita, and exhibited a large field for diplomatical skill, so that the foreign influence of some nation will grow with its own helplessness. How much soever this state of things may be deprecated, how much soever the Chinese Government may be averse to such an intercourse, there appears to be no alternative. With Great Britain's commanding position at Chusan, however, even if Pekin becomes another Con- stantinople, she will always command respect and realize her wishes.
An impulse has now been given to the whole empire, such as it never before received. No retrogression is practicable. It is for us to determine whether the future shall be in our favour or otherwise."
+ The attacks on British subjects at Canton, Foochoofoo, &c.-the refusal to open the city of Canton-the subtle evasions of the spirit of the treaty and the constant correspondence carried on for the last twelve months by Governor Davis and the Consuls of Her Britannic Majesty with the Chinese authorities, substan- tially prove the truth of this remark.-March, 1846.
HONG KONG AND CHUSAN COMPARED.
61
for entertaining a strong opinion that, without any violation of the treaty of Nankin, and without any fraud or force, Chusan may be retained and become, as it assuredly would, one of the most valuable and important colonies of the British Crown.
R. M. MARTIN.
Friday, August 30, 1844.
Remarks on Sir Henry Pottinger's reasons for retaining Hong Kong and rejecting Chusan, stated at the Manchester Dinner, 20th December, 1844 *.-(Transmitted to Lord Stanley.)
65
I. "I cannot say that Hong Kong was selected by me." [SIR H. POTTINGER.]-In the Draft Treaty† sent out to China from the Foreign Office, printed, there was a blank after the word "islands." Sir Henry Pottinger had only to name the word Chusan, and England would have obtained that valuable possession; or he might have written after islands Hong Kong and Chusan. When Captain Elliot temporarily located at Hong Kong we had not occupied Chusan; Sir Henry Pottin- ger had resided on both islands then in our possession, and made Hong Kong as his choice. Several of Sir H. Pottinger's suite, officers, and friends had selected Hong Kong, and secured the most valuable sites for building previous to the Treaty of Nankin, viz., Lieut.-Colonel Malcolm, his Secretary, and Mr. Woosnam, his Doctor; Mr. Johnston, Deputy Superintendent and Lieut.-Governor; Major Caine, &c. The Malcolm, Morgan, and Ochterlony bazaars were then, and are still, the best positions and property in Hong Kong.
II.
If the two places, Hong Kong and Chusan, were at my dis- posal to-morrow, I should prefer Hong Kong."--I do not think there is one disinterested person, who has seen both islands, who would give the preference to a small, barren, unhealthy, traffickless rock-producing nothing-commanding nothing, not even the mouth of the Canton river -devoid of European or native commerce-with a thieving, piratical population, and situated disadvantageously at the southern end of China,
* See "Times" dated London, 23rd December, 1844.
495
+ The treaty of Nankin verbatim, nearly as executed, was originally prepared at
the Board of Trade department, by the late Lord Sydenham and Mr. Deacon Hume,
to whom the points were given by certain merchants in the city of London.
A
62
HONG KONG AND
as compared with a large, fertile, salubrious, healthy, and richly-culti- vated island, yielding abundance of food and produce admirably adapted for a commercial entrepôt with Japan, Corea, Mantchouria, Northern and Central China, &c.-commanding the entrance of the great Yang-tze-kiang-contiguous to the richest and most civilized and densely-peopled districts of China-containing a numerous, peaceful, civil, industrious, thriving agricultural population-and most advan- tageously situate at the central part of the coast-line of an empire 2000 miles long.
III. "I am quite sure, to have retained Chusan would have been a heavy expense to Great Britain."--Chusan, if not burthened with an unnecessarily large civil establishment, would defray all its expenses the first year. 100,000 fixed agricultural and trading inhabitants could easily contribute 2s. 6d. per annum, or even 5s. per head-12,000l. to 25,000l. a-year. Hong Kong has not one respectable Chinese inha- bitant, out of 15,000 to 20,000; they are coolies, pedling traders, and thieves. Even with the aid of enormously high land-rents from Europeans, and with an immense Government expenditure for the last four years, at least, for building, it is difficult, if not impossible, to raise 12,000% or 15,000l. a-year revenue; and of this, the expected rent from building-lots constitutes more than two-thirds. The police and police magistrates' expenses alone are about 10,000l. a-year, although there is a large garrison, European and native, and a fleet of ships of war in the harbour. At Chusan, the whole police expenses are not 5007. a-year.
The civil cost of Hong Kong alone is about 50,000l. per annum, the military about 150,000l., and the naval about 100,000l. On a low computation, this useless rock drains from the British exchequer a quarter of a million sterling, without being of the slightest benefit to England.
IV. "Chusan would have brought Government into constant unplea- sant discussion with the Chinese; for it is needless to deny that, though the people are quite obedient to their own mandarins, yet with strangers they are extremely troublesome."-The advantageous distance of Chusan from the main land removes the possibility of collision with the Chinese Government; whereas Hong Kong, being within one mile of the main land, is better calculated to lead to this apprehended but very remote contingency.
CHUSAN COMPARED.
63
The people of China are not obedient to their own mandarins, as is supposed. In Canton and Foochoo the mandarins acknowledge they cannot control the populace; but at Chusan, the inhabitants are attached to our rule, anxious for its continuance, submissive and civil wherever we go scrupulously honest*. Not a homicide has been committed in the island since it has been in our possession; but very few petty larcenies, and the property generally recovered; not a row, a tumult, or the slightest symptom of discontent or of dissatisfaction. The English residents are much pleased with the inhabitants. At Hong Kong, robberies and piracies are of nightly † occurrence; and after five years' residence on the island, and with the protection of a large police and military and extensive naval force, no European retires to rest without pistols under his pillow or on his toilet table.
R. M. MARTIN.
• The following is an extract from the letter of a traveller in the East, dated October 17, 1844 :-
-:
"I left that pleasant spot (Chusan) with many feelings of regret. As my first abode, there were many pleasing associations connected with it, and I shall always look back to my long residence there as one of the most happy periods of my life. We continued on the best possible terms with the people; no community could be more peaceable than that of Chusan, and nowhere could life and property be more The whole island presents one scene of honest industry, and the happiness of well-requited labour." Times, London, 17th December, 1844.
secure.
+ The Hong Kong newspapers teem with descriptions of robberies almost nightly. To this is now added incendiarism. The following extract from the "Hong Kong Register," is a fair specimen of the daring character of the attacks :-
"About half-past one this (Monday) morning a room in the hospital was broken into, and money and goods to a considerable value carried away. The thieves in this, as in most of the robberies that have occurred, must have been well acquainted with the premises. Mr. Cowan, the assistant, was wakened by the crash of the venetians being wrenched off; after which fire-balls were thrown in to illuminate the room, which was immediately filled with robbers, and stripped of everything portable, after which they made off, without disturbing the adjoining apartments. On making his escape, Mr. Cowan endeavoured in vain to attract the attention of the sentinel stationed at the foot of the hill; and failing in this, gave the alarm at Dr. Anderson's; but so expeditious were the parties, that by this time all trace of them was lost. The watchman at Dr. Hobson's saw about fifty take to a boat on the small piece of beach lying between the two hills.
"The almost nightly occurrence of such events, call loudly for a more efficient system of police. One of the first requisites of a Government is to afford protec- tion to the life and property of the subjects. No lengthened dissertation is required to show how completely, in this latter respect, we are here left unprotected. We should like to know how many Europeans on the island sleep every night without loaded fire-arms either under their pillow or within their immediate reach-and the answer, if obtained, would prove sufficiently the degree of confidence placed in our policemen,"
496
64
HONG KONG AND
CHUSAN COMPARED.
497
65
No. IV. To C. E. Trevelyan, Esq., Assistant Secretary to the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury.
Sir,
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,
November 14, 1844.
I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith a copy of a letter which I addressed to you on the 20th September, 1844, accompanying my Report on the Island of Chusan. The maps explanatory of that report, were not then copied; and I have now the honour to forward them in this inclosure.
The necessity for the retention of Chusan as a British colony is now being fully acknowledged by all persons whose judgments are not biassed by their individual interests.
Moreover, it has been recently shown that the Chinese have the power, in twenty-four hours, to cut off all supplies from this barren rock, and to stop all labour here.
For forty-eight hours no work was done in Hong Kong, and the markets were empty.
It was only by rescinding the Registration Ordinance (No. 16 of 21st August, 1844,) that labour was resumed, the shops re-opened, and the markets again supplied with the daily food required by the inhabitants of Victoria.
I adhere to every statement which I made in my Report on Hong Kong, which has been transmitted by Mr. Davis to Lord Stanley.
The mortality is still very great: of the troops, six men died in one day last week; the Chief Justice (who has lost his eldest daughter) was at the point of death, and is now slowly recovering; the Colonial Secretary (Hon. F. W. A. Bruce) has with difficulty been saved, and is still an invalid on board Her Majesty's ship "Castor;" the Auditor, Mr. Shelley, has also had fever, and is gone to Macao for conva- lescence; the Colonial Engineer is just recovered from fever. I have had two chief clerks since my arrival,-one is dead, the other dying.
There is no perceptible commerce but that of opium; very few vessels in the harbour, and the tea trade at Canton is as perfectly independent of Hong Kong as if the island did not exist.
I yesterday furnished Commissary-General Coffin with an estimate of the sum of money which I will require from him for the ensuing
year, viz., 150,000l.; this is independent of the expensive outlay now being incurred by Major Aldrich, of the engineers, on various works.
I would again respectfully intreat their Lordships' consideration of the inutility of this large expenditure of the public money on Hong Kong, and of the necessity of diminishing its establishments to a scale com- mensurate with the wants and circumstances of the island.
No money, talent, or energy can ever make Hong Kong worthy the name of a British colony. Its decided insalubrity, incapability of forti- fications, precarious means of supply, distance from the scene of any future belligerent operations (the Yang-tze-kiang), and powerlessness
any
efficient check and control over the Chinese Government, render the island utterly worthless for military purposes.
of
The absence of trade is now beginning to make the few merchants who have built houses here repent of their outlay, and some have even said they would cheerfully undergo the loss of their capital invested in buildings if the seat of the British Government were transferred to Chusan. Unfortunately, several gentlemen who have been in China, and who are now in England, hold land and houses here, and it is to be expected that their opinions will be given adversely as regards the transference of the seat of the British Government from Hong Kong to Chusan.
There is no possibility of raising a revenue in this barren rock exceeding 12,000l. per annum, and several years must elapse before this sum can be permanently obtained; the question then naturally arises, what advantage does England derive from expending 100,000l. per annum here for mere civil disbursements, irrespective of the cost of military and naval establishments?
I am ready to prove, on the most incontrovertible evidence, to Her Majesty's Ministers, that neither commercially, financially, politically, or socially, can there be any justifiable grounds whatever for this expenditure.
Whatever public character I may possess, I am prepared to stake it on the issue of this subject; and should Her Majesty's Ministers deem my views erroneous, I am also prepared to incur the sacrifice of my position as one of Her Majesty's servants.
I cannot conscientiously continue to receive the salary awarded to my office and remain silent, when I perceive that a great error has been committed, and that England is under the delusion of being engaged in founding a colony on the frontiers of China which will be a permanent
÷
498
67
66
HONG KONG AND
advantage to her trade-a lasting credit to her character-and a powerful means of establishing and of extending her civilizing influence over one-third of the human race.
While viewing our trade with China as one of vast importance, I cannot forget that there are other subjects of equal if not of superior consideration.
Happily these subjects are not antagonistic, but collateral: what- ever gives political power and Christian influence to England in China, affords the means of expanding her commerce, and of strengthening her intercourse with the myriads of industrious and intelligent people, on whose shores she is now irrevocably established.
The position which England has assumed, the treaty which she has forced on China, (which has thus been opened to all Europe and America,) and the shock which the late war has given to the Tartar Government, and which may probably end in the dismemberment, if not destruction, of the Tartar empire of China, all indicate the great responsibility we have incurred.
England cannot remain passive in China-there, as elsewhere, she must advance or recede; the latter is impossible; and the former, if uncontrouled, will plunge her into the greatest difficulties. The abandonment of Chusan, in December, 1845, and the retention of Hong Kong as the sole settlement of Great Britain in China, will, ere long, by the force of peculiar circumstances, lead to our territorial occupancy on the main land of China; a measure greatly to be deprecated and condemned.
But by our retention of Chusan island there could be no excuse for seeking a continental occupancy: it is large, fertile, salubrious, well peopled, and admirably situated for commercial, military, maritime, and social purposes.
Abundant scope would thus be given for developing the energies of Great Britain, and remove all plea of necessity for establishing ourselves on the main land.
Whether China be a foe or a friend, England, by the occupation of Chusan, would be prepared to defend or to aid, as circumstances might demand. Whether war or peace prevailed in Europe, equally advan- tageous would be our position to resist an enemy, or to encourage the trade of the western world.
The permanent occupation of Chusan by England involves so many considerations of the highest importance, that I trust their Lordships
CHUSAN COMPARED.
will excuse the earnestness with which I seek their immediate and deep investigation of the question; and that they will be pleased to over- look any strong expressions which I may have used in my reports on Hong Kong and on Chusan.
Twenty years have been devoted to an investigation of the colonies of England, and I trust their Lordships will deem that the long study of this vast subject, and the personal examination of many of our transmarine possessions, have qualified me to form and to express an early opinion on the British position in China.
If the sentiments I have endeavoured to convey relative to the utter inutility of a large governmental expenditure on Hong Kong, and to the great importance in every point of view of permanently occupying Chusan, be productive of the desired result, I shall have the satisfac- tion of feeling that I have endeavoured to do my duty, and I hope in some degree to justify the confidence reposed in me.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN,
Col. Treasurer.
No. V.-To the Right Hon. Sir R. Peel, Bart., First Lord of the
Treasury.
Sir,
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,
November 14, 1844.
I MOST respectfully solicit your early perusal and consideration of two reports which I have prepared on the islands of Hong Kong and Chusan.
Governor Davis has transmitted the "Report on Hong Kong" to Lord Stanley, and the "Report on Chusan" to the Earl of Aberdeen. I have transmitted copies of these reports to Mr. Trevelyan, the Assistant Secretary to the Treasury, with an explanatory letter of this date.
When Lord Stanley did me the honour of selecting me for the duties of Treasurer, I believe his Lordship expected that any information I acquired here should be devoted solely to Her Majesty's service.
In fulfilment of what I deemed my duty, I collected all the facts bearing on the present position and future prospects of Hong Kong;
F 2
499
69
68
HONG KONG AND
and while at Chusan, on sick certificate, I examined into the value of that island.
These inquiries have produced on my mind a strong conviction of the inutility of Hong Kong as a British colony, and of the necessity of retaining Chusan, if we desire to preserve peace with China, to secure our trade, and to extend our influence.
The expenditure from the British Treasury on this coast is about half a million sterling per annum ; and of this sum the civil expenditure on Hong Kong alone is upwards of one hundred thousand pounds sterling per annum.
I have in vain sought for any justifiable reason, either as regards the existing state of the island, or any rational expectation as to the future, which can sanction a civil expenditure on this barren, useless, unhealthy rock, of more than 10,0007. or 15,000l. per annum.
The possession of Hong Kong is not of the slightest aid to the tea trade at Canton.
The presence of a single ship of war, one of Her Majesty's frigates or steam-vessels at Whampoa would be a more effectual protection to the tea trade and commerce of Canton, than any army or force that could be established at Hong Kong, which protects nothing, produces nothing, and may within thirty-four hours have its daily supplies of food entirely cut off by even the Chinese resident on the island, as has been shown during the past fortnight, when the markets were emptied, the shops shut, and all labour stopped for forty-eight hours, until an obnoxious Government ordinance (No. 16, of 21 August, 1844) was rescinded.
My opinion of the worthlessness of this rock is confirmed by the entire absence of trade, after three and a-half years continued British occupation, and an immense expenditure for civil, military, and naval disbursements; by the dreadful waste of life-for, according to Major General D'Aguilar, one European regiment will be entirely destroyed by death within the space of three years; by the incapability of forti- fying the island at almost any expense if a garrison could be kept alive, or if there were a necessity of defending anything-or commanding any point or pass of the slightest value; by the impossibility of raising a revenue to defray one-tenth of the amount of the mere civil expen- diture; and by the failure of all attempts to induce any class of respectable Chinese to settle here with their families.
An examination of the Map of China will show that Hong Kong is situated at the extremity of a line of coast extending nearly 2000
CHUSAN COMPARED.
miles; that its geographical position is disadvantageous for even com- manding the wide entrance or estuary of the Canton river; and that the navigation of the entire China seas from north to south, is entirely independent of Hong Kong.
The adjacent main land, nearly as rugged, rude, and barren, as the island, is occupied by a scanty but hostile population, of predatory habits, and devoid of the civilization and peaceful commercial character of the people to the northward.
Should, unfortunately, another war take place between England and China, the seat of belligerent operations would be the Yang-tze-kiang river, and not that of Canton.
The distance of Hong Kong from the Yang-tze-kiang, and the difficulty of proceeding thither with a large armanent in the cold and practicable season during the north-east monsoon, demonstrates its valuelessness for military or nautical purposes.
As a commercial station Hong Kong is a decided failure, from the landing of Captain Elliot here in January, 1841, to the present moment, there has been no Chinese trade; no European or native craft attracted hither for mercantile gain; Mr. Davis is unwilling to impose even a small tonnage or harbour duty, lest the few European vessels that now touch here might be deterred from entering*.
As regards social influence, or Christian principles, their dissemi- nation in China through Hong Kong is utterly impossible. The island is a receptacle for any thief, pirate, or robber, who can escape from the main land; and in the worst penal settlement life and property are more secure than in this island. It was only yesterday that an ordi- nance passed the Legislative Council, enabling the Governor to pro- claim martial law in any part of the island, with a view to the imme- diate destruction of bands of robbers and pirates. Taking every point into consideration, and examining it in the most favourable aspect, I
* We have no native merchants settled in the colony; neither is produce imported, nor goods exported, to any of the five ports, except it be on British account; and all mercantile transactions are concluded at these ports, whilst the harbour of Hong Kong is completely deserted. Not an anchor of a junk is dropped in the bay of Hong Kong; they flee from it as man would from a pesti- lence.
Hong Kong, a free port, is deprived of all trade further than the transshipment of goods, and a supply of articles for local consumption, the commissions upon which would barely pay the expenses of a first class mercantile establishment.-(Extract from editorial article in the "Friend of China, and Hong Kong Gazette," No. 185, for November 1844.)
*
*
70
HONG KONG AND
cannot discern any one advantage which England gains by the reten- tion of an island which can never become a colony, a commercial port, or a fortress.
If left with a superintendent, a small local corps of Malays as a police force, a ship of war in the harbour, and with a municipal power in the inhabitants to assess themselves for police, &c., the British flag might remain and time would show whether, under the most perfect freedom, Hong Kong would be ought but an opium depôt.
I am aware that the view here taken of Hong Kong will be opposed by several gentlemen now in England, but whose opinions must neces- sarily be influenced by their being owners of houses and building loca- tions on this rock, from which considerable profits are derived. Some also, unwilling to acknowledge an error in judgment, and others fearful of losing in position, income, or property, will object to a transfer of the seat of Government from Hong Kong to Chusan; or to any reduc- tion of the large Government expenditure on Hong Kong. But their opinions will, I doubt not, be considered with due caution, as are those of all men whose sentiments are guided by their immediate personal interest, or by those motives which almost imperceptibly bias the judgment.
If a Commission were appointed, I doubt not that Her Majesty's Government would obtain full and impartial statements on Hong Kong and on Chusan. My report on Chusan will, I trust, tend to demons- trate that the qualities which are wanting to make Hong Kong a British colony are all to be found at Chusan.
Its geographical position at the central point and to windward of the coast of China-opposite the great Yang-tze-kiang river within twenty-four hours' communication with Nankin and the other large cities and towns on the borders of that vast artery of the Chinese empire, whose trade may thereby be immediately and effectually con- trolled; its proximity to the Peiho and Yellow rivers; its secure haven and spacious harbours around; the ample size, great fertility, numerous agricultural population, healthy climate, capability of contributing a revenue to meet an adequate civil establishment, and perfect adaptation for a naval and military station-all indicate its importance as a position by which England can maintain peaceful relations, and at the same time develope her trade with China, with Japan, Corea, Mantchouria, and the neighbouring islands.
These, and various other considerations, all point out the advantage
CHUSAN COMPARED.
71
of our being permanently established at Chusan, whence a single war- steamer could, in twenty-four hours, be prepared to stop the fleet of 6000 grain junks, bearing each 2000 peculs of grain, valued at 2 dollars per pecul, or the 24,000,000 taels of silver which annually pass the Yang-tze-kiang to Pekin, and thus avoid the grievous calamity of another war.
I have endeavoured, Sir, briefly, though I fear very imperfectly, to bring this subject under your earnest and early examination, because I know of no question connected with the eastern hemisphere which involves higher considerations for England, particularly if we reflect that the condition of one-third of the human race is interested therein, and that a weighty and solemn responsibility rests on England with regard to her position in China.
1 believe it to be for the interest of China, more than even for that of England, that Chusan were a British colony; and that but a brief period will elapse ere the Celestial Government, whether Tartar or Chinese, will rejoice that they have a powerful, equitable, and friendly nation so adjacent to their shores,-one whose main object is peaceful and profitable commerce,--who desire no territorial aggrandizement,- and whose best interests are identified with the tranquillity, prosperity, and independence of the Government of China.
The dispatch of an Ambassador Extraordinary, of high rank and of tried ability, to the Court of China, would (especially at the present moment) be productive of beneficial results, and well worthy any ex- pense which might be incurred. The permanent cession of Chusan to England might be one of the primary objects of such a mission; but to be successful, no person who has been formerly connected with trade, either individually or on behalf of the East India Company at Canton, should be the representative of his Sovereign--even if he possessed the statesman-like qualifications necessary to the mission, and which is exceedingly difficult for any man who has been the greater part of his life at Canton, keeping records or supplying the tea trade, to possess.
By diplomatic policy,--peaceful relations, advantageous intercourse, and a secure, profitable, and commanding position on the coast of China, may be accomplished. But the evacuation of Chusan, in December, 1845, will, in my opinion, be the precursor of a disastrous state of affairs for British interests in China.
I am ready to undergo the expense and fatigue of a journey over- land to England, and also the sacrifice of half my salary-if six months
500
72
FRENCH PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.
leave of absence be granted me-in order that I may personally sub- stantiate the information which I have acquired; and should Her Majesty's Ministers deem my views erroneous, and that I have erred in seeking this leave of absence, I am also prepared to incur the loss of my official appointment.
Any suffering or degradation would be preferable to witnessing the pursuance of an erroneous policy, fraught with great injury to England, but which may be averted by prompt, judicious, and timely measures.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
FRENCH PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.
No. VI. To the Right Hon. Sir R. Peel, Bart., First Lord of the Treasury.
Sir,
Hong Kong, December 21, 1844.
I BEG leave to inclose herewith a duplicate of a letter which I had the honour of addressing to you on the 14th ultimo.
Subsequent to the dispatch of my letter of that date, M. Lagréné, Special Minister from France to China, visited Hong Kong. I have had several diplomatic conversations with his Excellency M. Lagréné, and they have impressed on my mind a decided conviction that a secret understanding has been established between M. Lagréné and Keying, the Chinese Minister, and that great favours are to be conferred on France by the Chinese Government. I am corroborated in this opinion by information derived from a different source to that on which my opinion was originally founded. I stated to M. Lagréné that I under- stood a secret alliance, offensive and defensive, was being formed between the French and Chinese Governments, and he did not deny the truth of the rumour. 1 also stated that I was informed the French Government were, with the tacit and secret consent of the Chinese Government, to occupy and retain Chusan after our abandonment of that island in December, 1845; and M. Lagréné, although hard pressed for a denial, did not meet the allegation with a positive negative.
It would be difficult to explain in a letter the details and the nature my conferences with M. Lagréné; they have, however, left no doubt
mind as to the intentions of the French Government.
of
on my
Pekin may be made the Constantinople of the East as regards
FRENCH PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.
73
501
political intrigue; and M. Lagréné (who was for twelve years stationed at St. Petersburgh) is well aware that a secret and special Russian Envoy is now in the Chinese capital*. In the course of our conversa-
* There can be little doubt that the Tartar Government of China, from inclina- tion as well as from circumstances, are still as ready to deceive us and break faith, as they did with Captain Elliot in 1839-40. Keshen, the imperial plenipoten- tiary, deputed as third member of the cabinet of Pekin, to deal with the 66 western barbarians," at the very moment when he was professing the greatest friendship to the English (as Keying is now doing), wrote a memorial to the Emperor, urging a temporizing with us, while he was arranging, as he thought, the means for our destruction, previous to the battle at the Bogue forts, 23rd February, 1840. This celebrated memorial is equally applicable to the present state of affairs; for, accord- ing to the expression of the Chinese statesman, "the rat (i. e. the English) has now got his tail in a trap" (i. e. at Hong Kong).
Keshen implored the Emperor to accede to the request made by the English (Captain Elliot was then urging the cession of Hong Kong), for, he added,
"thus shall we lay the foundation of victory hereafter, by binding and curbing the foreigners now, while we prepare the means of cutting them off at some future period."
The Tartars are now acting on the advice of Keshen, and they are quite ready if a favourable opportunity occurred to do so. The Marquis de Ferrière, secretary of legation to the French Embassy in China, informed me "that the cabinet of Pekin are well aware that the French and English are rival nations, and had often been at war; the policy of Keying and the cabinet was therefore to play off one nation against the other."
When Monsieur Lagréné, the plenipotentiary from the King of the French, arrived at Macao, Keying sent a mandarin of high rank, and in full state, with his (Key- ing's) picture and a letter, saying that the picture represented him in the robes in which he was wont to appear before his own sovereign. (Sir H. Pottinger, as the representative of the Queen of England, and Mr. Cushing, as the representative of the United States Government, both also received portraits from Keying, but in a costume far inferior to that given to M. Lagréné. It is thus Chinese diplomacy marks the degree of estimation in which a person is held.)
On the ensuing day Keying, attended by a very large retinue, and in the most marked and ostentatious manner, visited M. Lagréné at Macao; and on his intro- duction said, "I am delighted to receive, on the part of the Emperor, the represen- tative of the great French King." To this M. Lagréné replied that he was equally delighted to receive the enlightened minister of the Emperor, and that he had been deputed to frame a commercial treaty. At these words Keying, with great anima- tion said, "no, no~~ -you have no trade with us; you are not a trading nation, but you are a grand nation; we understand each other, and shall be good friends." At several of the subsequent interviews between Keying and M. Lagréné, no other person was allowed to be present but the interpreter, M. Callery.
When the arrangements were concluded, M. Lagréné required that the terms should be ratified within the Chinese territory, and not at Macao; Keying and M. Lagrene therefore proceeded within the Bogue forts in a French war steamer. It was night on their arrival there. The whole of the hills were lit up with fires each embrasure at every fort had men standing with large flaming torches; huge lanterns were suspended around; crowds of junks were in like manner lit up,
>>
L
74
FRENCH PROCEEDINGS IN CHINA.
tion M. Lagréné evinced an anxiety for our evacuation of Chusan, far greater than my anxiety for its retention. In June next M. Lagréné purports visiting Chusan and the northern districts of China; it is not his intention to leave this coast until after we have evacuated Chusan.
We have committed several errors in our colonial system, as illus- trated by the evacuation of Java and of Manila; these, however, were commercial and territorial, rather than political, mistakes; but the abandonment of Chusan in December, 1845, will, I have no doubt, cause us much trouble and disaster, and at no distant day another war with China, which it is our duty, as well as our policy, by every just and reasonable means, to avert.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
illumining the horizon; incessant salvos of artillery from the numerous forts rever- berated from hill to hill; and the whole scene had a most dazzling and surprising effect.
Keying, who sat on the deck of the French steamer, between M. Lagréné and his beautiful and accomplished wife, surrounded by a brilliant and numerous suite of French diplomatic and naval officers, preserved, for a long time, a thoughtful silence, and appeared much depressed. When the signing of the documents was concluded he at length said " see! the heavens and the earth rejoice at the compact." Key- ing then relapsed into taciturnity, and remained so for half an hour, as if pondering in his mind the part he had been playing, or the step about to be taken, as one of a very serious nature, and totally different from a mere commercial treaty. Then turning to M. Lagréné, as if in continuation of some mental thought, he said with considerable emphasis, "the people may be dissatisfied, but the two Governments must do their duty at any hazard or sacrifice."
An idea has been adroitly instilled into the mind of Keying and the Tartar Govern- ment, that France is an intellectual power, animated by the purest and noblest ideas; and that England is a trading country, whose chief object is gain-a character that stands very low in the estimation of the Chinese Government and people. M. Lagréné, in addition to a large naval force of some of the finest frigates and steamers in the service of France, had an able, numerous, and brilliant corps diplo- matique in his suite, and was most efficiently supported by Admiral Cécille, an officer of high repute, most engaging manners, and who accompanied our fleet to Nankin (as a neutral) in his own frigate. The French mission to China is also accompanied by shrewd, intelligent, representatives of the cotton, linen, wool, silk, and other trades. The Chinese mandarins were surprised at the beautiful and choice specimens of glass, tapestry, house-paper, bijouterie, and Parisian manufactures of every descrip- tion. Artists with the daguerrotype, electrotype, &c., astonished the mandarins; and every effort has been made, with great tact, to induce the Chinese to view France with admiration. On the other hand, Keying, the Chinese plenipotentiary, and Wang, the Governor of Canton, have endeavoured to magnify China in the eyes
of the French; and a negotiation was commenced for the introduction of French engineers into the service of the Emperor of China, to work the mines under a contract. It was also proposed to have a French ambassador stationed perman- ently at Pekin, to which M. Lagréné offered to proceed in 1844, if Mr. Cushing, the American minister, would accompany him.
Sir,
EXAMINATION OF POLICY NECESSARY.
No. VII.-To his Excellency J. F. Davis, Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary.
75 502
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,
April 19, 1845.
ANXIOUSLY Solicitous for the welfare and perpetuity of the British empire, and accustomed for several years to examine the policy of England with foreign States, I have been induced to prepare a minute on the "British Position and Prospects in China."
This minute I have now the honour to lay before your Excellency, with my respectful request that you will be pleased to transmit it along with this letter to the Secretary of State.
In this minute, as well as in my reports on Hong Kong and Chusan, I have ventured to impugn the policy pursued in China by the predecessor of your Excellency. Whatever effect this free com- ment and exposition of public acts may have on my personal interests is of little moment compared with the evil which, in my opinion, a non- rectification of those acts is capable of inflicting on England.
Neither as a servant of the crown, nor as a private individual, can I surrender my right of judgment on the public conduct of
any public man; nor do I think that any personage, however exalted, or however infallible he may be deemed, can claim an exemption from that fair and open criticism which is the privilege and advantage of a free State. I do not think that the high character for manliness and integrity which Sir H. Pottinger is reputed to possess, would make him wish to stifle an examination of his policy, if the object of that examination be, as mine has been, the advantage of the common weal*.
The impartial examination and discussion of a line of public policy, operating at a distance of 15,000 miles from the seat of Government, is essentially necessary to enable Her Majesty's Ministers to form a
* These observations were made in consequence of Governor Davis having cen- sured me for venturing to impugn, in my Report on Hong Kong, the policy pursued by Sir Henry Pottinger,-as "Her Majesty's Government had expressed their high approbation of the several details and representations with which they had been furnished by Sir H. Pottinger, connected with the colony, and some of the expressions in my report might be construed into reflections on that dis- tinguished officer." I believe there is not an English merchant in China who dis- sents from the opinions I have expressed in my reports, and I know there are many in England who now entertain very different ideas respecting our position in China, from those with which they were imbued a year ago.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
76
BRITISH POSITION
correct and stable judgment on the important interests involved in the present position and future prospects of England in China; and if I am singular in the opinions I have formed, and stand alone in opposi- tion to the high approbation which, I think, has been erroneously given to the past system of policy, I feel regret at being compelled to diff r from those who are my superiors, and for whom publicly and privately I entertain a sincere respect. With an humble yet earnest hope that your Excellency will examine this minute, as regards its imperfections, with an indulgent yet enlarged and generous spirit, and that irrespec- tive of the past, or of individual considerations, you may be enabled, in accordance with your own patriotic feelings, to procure for England a more permanent and secure footing, and a more extended and beneficial intercourse, than we now enjoy in China,
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
77 503
conquered cities became in several instances scenes of plunder, desola- tion and anarchy,-commerce was interrupted, and inland communication
of lascars and camp-followers, was only sixty-nine in fifteen actions, during two years! This fact will indicate the tone of exaggeration which was purposely given to the whole of our measures in China.
British and Chinese loss, killed and wounded, during the war, from July 5, 1840, to July 21, 1842, according to the official despatches from the Commanders- in-chief of our army and navy. The killed in battle include soldiers, seamen, marines, sepoys, and camp-followers. The wounded ditto, and the slightest scratch was called a wound.
Date.
Name of Action.
British
and Indian force.
Chinese*.
Ordnance
Captured.
Inclosure in No. VII.
MINUTE ON THE BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
Ir is of great importance to examine our present novel and some- what anomalous position in China; to ascertain what are our prospects in various points of view; and to trace the line of policy which national interests, in combination with national responsibility, would indicate as the most advisable course to be pursued with reference to the mutual benefit of Great Britain and the vast Chinese empire.
For two centuries Britain carried on a restricted commercial inter- course with one port of China, through the medium of a well-organized mercantile company: China was politically isolated from all other nations, and our sole object was to maintain in peace a profitable trade, subject to the controul and not unfrequent interruption of a haughty, jealous, and exclusive Government.
Our open, extensive, and increasing prosecution of a traffic in a pro- hibited and pernicious drug was necessarily followed by violent acts on the part of a proud and determined viceroy, whose power was unequal to his will, and who resorted to the only means at his command for the forcible suppression of what was deemed by his sovereign a grievous evil, fraught with great injury and suffering to the people and country at large. The result was soon manifested: England, much against her inclination, was compelled to declare war against the Government of China; the Chinese, whether by sea or by land, were everywhere easily discomfited; the momentary fight was soon converted into an indis- criminate slaughter*; fire and suicide completed the dreadful havoc; the
*This is shown in the following table, where it will be seen that the total number killed of our soldiers (Europeans and sepoys), of our seamen and marines,
1841 Jan. 7
1840 July 5
Tinghae, Chusan
91 None None None Unknown.
Chuenpee fort (1)
War junks (1)
Tycocktow forts (2)
Feb. 25 Anunghoy batteries
and N. Wantong forts
88
66
82
None.
38
38
Immense.
25
about
about
300
None 5
5 500 very many
about
Mar. 18
May 25
Aug. 26
Feb. 27 Cambridge and war
junks Defences of Canton
City and heights of Do.
Amoy and defences
98 1
123 None
106 14
550 None
8
9 300 ditto ditto
about
6
6
400 ditto ditto
about about
112 126
1500 500 6500
9
→
Very se vere
1
Chusan
136
27 29
400 to 500 about
Oct.
Oct. 10 Chinghai citadel
Carried forward
·
150 3 16 19 150 Many.
*It is impossible to give the actual loss in killed and wounded of the Chinese. The official reports frequently advert to the "great loss," "dreadful slaughter," &c., of the enemy. The numbers here given are those mentioned in the British state- ments. After a careful examination, in China and in England, of various data, and from eye-witnesses of the engagements, I cannot estimate the Chinese loss at less than 18,000 or 20,000 killed and wounded. Most of the wounded perished, unless where kindly attended to by the truly Christian spirit that ever pervades our medical officers in the army and navy.
Killed.
Wounded.
Total.
Killed.
Wounded.
Total.
فی نے ہی کا
504
79
78
BRITISH POSITION
cut off, and finally the Chinese Government was compelled to sue for peace, and to pay the whole of the then estimated expenses of the war; to permit resort to four other ports as well as to Canton; to reduce their customs duties and port charges; and to cede an island to Great Britain, on which a colonial establishment could be maintained for the protection of British commerce, for the development of civilization on the frontiers of the Chinese empire, and which would not only serve as a guarantee for the future, but which would aid in preserving peace between the two countries.
British and Chinese loss, &c.-(continued).
Date.
Name of Action.
Brought forward
-
1842
Mar. 9 Ningpo, night attack
Mar. 10 Chinghai, ditto
Ordnance
Captured.
British
and Indian force.
Killed.
Wounded.
Total.
Killed.
Chinese.
Wounded.
Total.
about
1
5
6
None None None
Mar. 15
Tsekee (Segoan)
-
3
22 25
800
May 18 Chapoo
92
13 52 65
1000 to
500 Very great about
32
Ma ny.
1000
1500
to
June 16
Woosung batteries
250
2 25 27 200 to
250
June 19 Shanghai
49 None None None
Unknown.
July 21 Chinkeangfoo
30 126 156
Total
2118
69 451 520
REMARKS.
Slaughter terrific.
Estimated at 18,000 to 20,000
*
The
* *
(1 and 2) The general tone of the despatches during the war may be illustrated by the following words from the official reports on the actions: "The Chinese have suffered severely; their loss, including that on board the war junks, cannot be estimated at less than 500 to 600, out of a force calculated at 2000 men. slaughter in the lower fort, when carried by storm, was considerable."
The loss of the enemy, from the number of killed lying in every direction, must have been most severe.' * * * "The service has been performed with trifling loss on the part of Her Majesty's forces."
* "The loss on our side has been small, and would have been less but for the explosion of an expense magazine in the fort, after capture."-(General Orders, Fort William, February 24, 1841; and Sir Gordon Bremer's despatches.)
*
Thus it will be seen that the British forces, army and navy, had not one man killed, and but for the magazine explosion, which was accidental, there would not have been a dozen wounded, even slightly. The killed alone of the Chinese is supposed to have been at least five hundred men in the action! This may be viewed as a fair sample of the whole Chinese war.
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
English interests are now therefore irrevocably interwoven with those of China; we hold the largest stake at issue as regards her peaceful prosperity and national independence; and whatever strengthens our power, extends our commerce, and permanently enlarges our influ- ence, is equally beneficial to China and to England. Other nations have since come forward to claim a participation in the concessions obtained by Britain: treaties have been arranged with the United States and with France; and China for the first time has entered into the social compact which kingdoms, as well as individuals, find necessary for their protection, and which, rightly understood, is indispensable to their tranquillity and to their improvement.
The far-seeing politician must therefore admit, that sooner or later China (whose inhabitants it is estimated number one-third of the human race) will exercise an important influence on the affairs of Europe. How this influence will be primarily manifested, whether through India or through Russia, or by reason of European nations contending for a dominant power in this immense empire, it seems impossible to predicate; but this much is evident, that no nation is so deeply interested in the "Chinese Question" as Britain; that this interest must daily increase, on political, maritime, and mercantile considerations; and that a solemn responsibility has devolved on Great Britain in relation to China, which cannot be neglected without involving serious and perhaps irretrievable calamities.
There probably never was a period in our history when greater civil, intellectual, and moral efforts were necessary for the preservation And it is of our position among competitive surrounding nations. advantageous for us that these efforts should be made. Britain cannot remain stationary; she must either retrograde or advance: happily her advancement, rightly directed, is beneficial to all mankind, by enabling her to maintain the peace of the world, to promote civilization, to reclaim the savage, to till the waste regions of the earth, and to fulfil her high vocation by a wide-spread dissemination of the inestimable blessings of Christianity.
A republic of nations is as utopian in the existing selfishness of mankind as a republic of individuals, and the elevation of one kingdom sufficiently supreme to protect weaker kingdoms, to preserve order, to uphold the reign of law, and to inculcate by precept and by example the duties which the possession of great power involves, is essential to the steady and triumphant progress of true civilization.
No nation is so well adapted for this supreme controul as Britain; by reason of her insularity, her tolerant religion, her free institutions, her distant and varied colonial possessions, her non-alliance with conti- nental intrigues, her obvious policy to maintain peace, and her maritime superiority, which leaves no desire for continental aggrandizement in Europe.
Whether these views be acquiesced in or not by other nations, it is equally the duty of Britain to maintain this supreme controul. To do so she must take fair advantage of every circumstance which may con- tribute to its maintenance, by extending her commerce, and by estab- lishing her influence in new and distant regions.
To this course of policy Britain is also urged by domestic consider- ations, namely, by the increasing pressure of population on the means
80
BRITISH POSITION
of subsistence; by the invention of machinery, which daily diminishes the demand for human labour; by a constant accumulation of capital which requires profitable investment; and by a general system of educa- tion, which, while elevating the whole of the nation, renders mere animal toil irksome, and demands a higher grade of occupation, at home or abroad, for the intelligent masses of society.
The premises thus set forth being granted, a statesman will survey the field on which he has to operate. He beholds in Europe and in America a career of successful competition with Britain in the manufac- tures and produce which the British empire can abundantly furnish; he sees little or no reciprocity of free trade; but on the contrary, the adoption of a more exclusive system; he ascertains that foreign manu- factures now not unfrequently displace our goods in distant markets, of which we had heretofore a complete monopoly..
To the British colonial possessions, and to new and unexplored regions, must England look for the increase of her commerce. The East and the West Indies, the Canadas, Australasia, and Africa, afford valuable and permanent markets within our controul; but, excepting India, their expansion is of slow growth, and inadequate to meet increasing exigencies; the opening, therefore, of the vast and populous territories on the borders of the Northern Pacific, is a matter of vital consequence to Britain.
Have we availed ourselves of the advantages which this opening affords? Have we not by a mistaken policy, and by a non-appreciation of the true interests of England, almost shut the door against ourselves which we had been so long anxious to open, and voluntarily excluded the British nation from a country where it is palpably our interest to have a decided permanent influence, and where by our science, inter- conrse, and commerce, we may exert a beneficial effect on many millions of mankind?
The solution of these questions is deserving of early and serious investigation.
At the close of a desolating and expensive war, in August, 1842, in a position to dictate our own terms, and when all negotiation was un- necessary and set aside by the Chinese authorities themselves*, the British plenipotentiary adopted the printed draft of a treaty framed in Downing-street, and sent out to Captain Elliot for his guidance at Canton. This treaty was prepared at a time when we were ignorant on various points connected with China, and great allowance must be made for its framers. Without therefore that diplomatic tact or foresight which an acquaintance with European policy, and British domestic, as well as foreign interests would have conveyed, and without reference to the new position in which we were at Nankin, and to the greater know- ledge we had obtained of the people and country in the north of China, we imposed only the terms sketched in the draft treaty, and filled up the blank after the word "islands" in the draft with "Hong Kong," and
It is perfectly well known that when Lieut.-Colonel Malcolm was sent on shore at Nankin, with the terms on which peace would be granted, the imperial Commissioner was surprised that so little was asked, and inquired, "Is that all ?" which being answered affirmatively, he immediately replied, "All shall be granted."
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
81 505
excluded Chusan-the only valuable island on the coast of China, adapted for the purposes which England ought to have had in view.
A primary condition of the treaty was the payment by the Chinese Government of a sum of money then deemed adequate to the expenses of the war; it is now, however, confidently stated by commissariat officers, that the sum of money thus obtained will not cover the mere pecuniary expenditure incurred by Great Britain, after paying for the alleged destruction of opium, for the Hong debts, and the prize-money to the army and navy, and irrespective of the loss of troops by sick- ness, each of whom costs the state 100%. But it having been agreed that the so-called indemnity money should be paid by the Chinese Government in half-yearly instalments, spreading over a period of three years and a half, the maintenance of a naval and military force in China, at a cost of nearly 500,000l. sterling annually, was deemed necessary. It can scarcely therefore be contended that the "indemnity money" was to the extent alleged of such great advantage, and that the British exchequer has not suffered considerable diminution by the war with China.
The next great advantage which it was supposed we had gained, was the establishment of four new ports for British trade, as named in the printed draft treaty sent from Downing-street.
Our obvious and natural policy was to cause every port in China to be opened to us, and to have obtained perfect freedom of ingress and egress to and from any city, town, or place in China, with secure guarantees for life and property, and the peaceable and unrestricted prosecution of commerce. This would have enabled our traders to seek out the best spots for mercantile settlements, and time and circum- stances would thus have indicated and proved the most suitable marts for extended traffic.
But if it had even been resolved to restrict the maritime trade to a few ports, in order that the Chinese customs' revenue might have been more readily collected, it was our duty to have selected very differeut ports from those which, through want of information, were selected in Downing-street, and which, at any rate, ought to have been preceded by a commission of inquiry as to their eligibility for European traffic.
Nankin, the great central mart of the Chinese empire,-Yang-choo- foo on the north bank, and Chin-kang-foo* on the south bank of the great Yang-tze-kiang, were neglected, together with the numerous cities and towns bordering on this vast artery, which it is said extends through the richest regions of China for 1800 miles; so also Chapoo, the port of Hang-chow, as large as Canton, and the seat of trade with Japan; Kaou-choo-foo on the northern, and Ting-choo-foo on the southern part of the Shantung promontory; Tientsin on the Peiho, the port of Pekin ; Kichu and Kinchu on the northern part of the Gulf of Petchely in 40° to 41° north, rich in agricultural productions, and good stations for trade with Tartary.
• These cities communicate with the richest and most populous districts, by means of the great canal, which is 900 miles long and 35 feet broad. Reckoning the southern with the northern branch, it is 1300 miles long. This will indicate the great importance of our having a Consular station at its central port.
(+
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BRITISH POSITION
Those and other important places were lost sight of in our hasty, restricted, and ill-arranged proceedings.
We allowed our attention to be diverted from the rich and populous regions at the northern and central part of the empire, to the compari- tively barren and valueless coast at its southern extremity. Even at the ports chosen for our maritime trade we took no precautions to secure freedom of access and right of trade and residence at and in the cities to which these ports were attached, and which it is understood the present plenipotentiary of Her Majesty is now strenuously and laudably endeavouring to accomplish. where we are still confined to a few feet of occupation on the left bank This is manifest as regards Canton, of the river, outside the suburbs of the city; daily insulted, and with life and property exposed to continued risk. We are prohibited sending a boat for pleasure or for traffic to Futchan, a thriving manufacturing town about twenty miles above Canton, or to Chang-king-foo and Shaou- choo-foo on the same river, as it is said nearly as large and wealthy as Canton, although goods must pass Whampoa*, which is equally the anchorage of those cities as well as of Canton. The same may be said of the city of Chang-choo-foo, a few miles above Amoy, of which city Amoy is but the outlet; so also of Suchoo, of which Shanghai is only the port. It would be absurd of the French or any other nation to say they were admitted to freedom of trade with Eng- land, if we restricted them to an anchorage at Gravesend, on the banks of the Thames, and a few feet of ground for a residence at Rotherhithe or Wapping for London, at Pill for Bristol, at Birkenhead for Liverpool, at Cove for Cork, or at Greenock for Glasgow.
Of the four selected ports, three, Amoy, Foo-choo, and Ningpo, have scarcely any foreign trade, and do not appear likely to have any of great importance, unless we had perfect freedom of internal inter- course, and could also trade between the above-named ports and For- mosa,-an island rich in tropical productions, and with which an exten- sive traffic is carried on from the main land in sugar, oil, timber, camphor, &c.
The province of Fokien, like that of Canton, is very barren and comparatively poor: our object should have been the formation of estab- lishments at the far richer and more civilized cities bordering on the delta of the Yang-tze-kiang, and other rivers to the northward.
So long as we are confined to the coast and denied access to the great rivers and cities in the interior, our trade will be stunted or sub- ject to considerable fluctuations; but when enabled to traverse the great veins and arteries of this vast empire, to navigate with steam to the central and civilized cities which cover the land, we may look forward to an augmenting and steady trade, and to an intimate friendly inter- course fraught with mutual advantages to China and to Britain.
In obtaining a reduction of the duties on commerce, and a diminu- tion of unequal port charges, we omitted to procure an exemption from goods paying duties a second time, when found unsaleable at one port and transshipped to another; and also that vessels not "breaking bulk,'
""
* Even a bazaar, constructed for the supply of provisions to the large fleet of English ships usually lying at Whampoa, has been prohibited by the authorities.
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
83 506
i. e., not discharging any part of their cargo, should be exempt from port dues.
These rights have since been gained by the Americans, and we shall derive similar advantages, but we should have obtained the establishment of "bonded warehouses;" and as the port dues are still heavy, we should have required that a lighthouse be placed at the en- trance of each port, for their safe navigation. As regards lights, buoys, and moorings, no expense whatever has been incurred by the Chinese Government. The tonnage duties on a ship anchoring at Whampoa, about twelve miles from Canton, is about 3s. per ton; at the port of Liverpool the anchorage is only ninepence. There is a heavy outlay incurred by ships being kept at Whampoa, instead of proceeding direct to Canton, which is equally as accessible as the port of Calcutta; in the cost of loading and unloading; in the tedious transfer of goods to and from Canton; and in the charges for provisions at Whampoa being en- hanced by the "comprador" system, from which the mandarins derive a considerable revenue.
Further, the levy of one mace (about 5d.) per ton on British coast- ing and legally licensed vessels, every time they enter the port of Can- ton, is a heavy tax on craft which pass from Hong Kong to Canton, three or four times in the month. Before the supplementary treaty of 8th October, 1843, the number of schooners, sloops, and lorchas plying between Canton and the places in the vicinity, was upwards of seventy; by article xvii. of the supplementary treaty, all these vessels, up to 150 tons burthen, are subjected to a port duty at Canton of one mace per ton "every time they enter the port."
None of these vessels are allowed to be rated (however small) at less than seventy-five tons; thus the mere tonnage duty on the smallest cargo boat would, at 5d. per ton, and entering the port of Canton four times every month, be equivalent to a tax of 751. a-year
It is not surprising that there are but a few lorchas plying between Hong Kong and Canton. Moreover, these small vessels are obliged, "on passing the Bogue forts in the Canton river, to report like a large inward bound vessel," again to report herself at the custom-house at Whani- poa; on arriving at Canton, her sailing letter (register) to be deposited with the British Consul, who will obtain permission from the superin- tendent of customs to discharge and load; "whether with full or half lading, even to an hundred weight of cargo," the smallest boat must pay at the rate of 5d. (one mace) per ton on seventy-five tons. This enact- ment, and clauses thirteen and fourteen of the supplemental treaty, re- stricting all communication between Hong Kong and the coast of China to the five ports; requiring that "whenever the Chinese wish to take goods to Hong Kong for sale, they must first pay the duties according to the new regulations at the five ports, and obtain permits from the respective custom-houses;" that "the Chinese must ask a passport for coming and going, and the duties are to be paid on the day the goods are imported;" that "the Chinese having purchased goods, must ship them and bring them home in Chinese vessels, which must request passports at Hong Kong, and exhibit the same to the Chinese officers on each arrival and departure, to be examined and countersigned;" that "the custom-houses at the five ports shall monthly make out a report of the passes granted, with the names of the vessels and merchants, and
G 2
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BRITISH POSITION
the description and amount of goods, to be sent to the commissioner of customs at Canton, in a prescribed form, month by month."
This enactment, and these clauses, have, it is now fully acknowledged, struck a severe blow at the coasting trade; the duty and restrictions on the lorchas and small craft, rendering them too expensive, and the regu- lations on the Chinese vessels effectually prohibiting them from ever daring to ask for passes to trade with Hong Kong.
The supplemental treaty appears to have been most craftily designed for destroying any prospective benefit that Hong Kong might possibly have derived from the usual energy and enterprise of British merchants. Indeed, it is asserted by Mr. Gutzlaff, that while the treaty was negoti- ating, a proposition was seriously entertained of stationing a Chinese mandarin at Hong Kong, for collection of the duties to be levied here on behalf of the Chinese Government!
An examination of the Chinese tariff will show that the export duties levied by the Chinese Government are very heavy. On tea, the export duty ranges from 12 to 20 per cent.; on camphor, 12 to 15 per cent.; on cassia, 12 per cent.; and so on in various proportions throughout the tariff. It is also confidently stated, that the inland transit duties on British manufactures are still maintained at a high rate, and that our manufactures are thus effectually excluded from extended consumption in the interior of the country. The effect of transit duties in impeding the sale of goods has been manifested in British and in foreign India, where they are now almost entirely abolished.
The establishment of a perfectly free port to the northward, as, for instance, at Chusan, would tend to counteract these restrictions. The Chinese junks, when out of sight of their own ports, and unwatched, would freely purchase goods*, which the native traders would, through various channels, carry into the interior, without the Chinese custom- house stamp, which renders goods prohibitory, or which is an incitement to extortions at the different transit stations.
Irrespective of the value which I have endeavoured to demonstrate in my Report on Chusan, of the military and naval advantages, and of the geographical position of that island, its intrinsic worth as a station for extended commerce is unquestionable; and the large number of peaceful inhabitants engaged in husbandry on Chusan and the neigh- bouring islands, is, in itself, an advantage for the promotion of our trade.
On the fourth point, namely, the cession of a barren, unhealthy, and useless rock, at the southern extremity of the empire, it is almost unne- cessary to offer a comment, as few disinterested persons now deny that a great error was committed by our acceptance of Hong Kong. Time
* Since the above was penned, the "Hong Kong Register," a journal belong- ing to Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, & Co., contains, in an editorial article of 15th April, 1845, the following remarks :-
"A great many new houses and shops are building at Chusan, and a much larger number of boats and junks now frequent the harbour. Had we permanent possession of Chusan, it would be difficult to define the limit to which our influ- ence in China, and our trade to Shantung, the north of China, Corea, and perhaps even to Japan, might extend either in British or in native bottoms."
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
85 507
and events have confirmed the accuracy of my report upon
the island; it is still devoid of trade, and without prospect of any native or European traffic; its insalubrity* is beyond a doubt; its inapplicability for colonization, unfortunate geographical position, even as regards the Canton river estuary, and its inappropriateness as a military station for the maintenance of British supremacy in China, are now pretty generally acknowledged; and many who have spent large sums in building, under the delusion that Hong Kong would become a commercial emporium, would be glad to get back even a moiety of their outlay.
The supplemental treaty, which throughout was framed restrictively and adversely to British interestst, destroyed the only chance, however remote, that Hong Kong had of ever becoming a resort for junks from the coast. The treaty was, however, almost supererogatory, for natural and insuperable difficulties prevent the island ever being made worthy the name of a British colony. On a summary review of the past, it would appear that we have not derived the fair and legitimate advantages we had a right to obtain from the recent war, and that we have lost by diplomacy, the position which had been gained by the sword.‡
1st. In money we have not been reimbursed for the expenditure incurred during the war; and we are still incurring a very heavy and unprofitable outlay on this coast.
2nd. The expected advantages from opening four commercial ports, in addition to the port of Canton, have not been realized: we are still restricted in our intercourse, locally and generally, and life and property are considered by no means secure, at Canton itself, within a hundred yards of the British factory; while ingress is still denied to the city of Canton, where the people are encouraged to treat us with marked con- tumely and insult, accompanied in some instances by robbery and vio- lence, within sight of the city walls.
During the year 1843, the deaths among the troops at Hong Kong were 1 in 31, at Chusan 1 in 29%. By official returns printed in the "Friend of China" of April 16, 1845, it appears that the mortality of 1844 has been dreadful; on an average strength of 1800 men, the deaths were 373, and the invaliding 333-706, equal to one-third of the garrison ! The survivors were unequal to one heavy day's march. Among the deaths were seven European officers; among the invalidings twelve European officers. Of sixty officers who lived at Chusan for eighteen months, not one died or invalided; and the troops are in as perfect health as if they were in England.
that
+ Her Majesty's plenipotentiary who framed this treaty, now declares he was an umpire between Great Britain and China." It was supposed that he was sent here for the protection and advancement of British interests.
The prohibition of vessels from Hong Kong alone, going beyong the 32nd degree of north latitude, has not been adverted to; the injustice, impolicy, and unnationality being so obvious. Such an edict, emanating from the Court of Pekin, seems quite consistent; but that it should be framed by a British plenipo- tentiary seems quite impossible.
|| In July, 1845, Mr. Backhouse, and some of the Consular officers at Canton, were pelted with stones and covered with mud when rowing on the river for exercise, within a few hundred yards of the British Consulate.
The following letter refers to an outrage perpetrated a short time previous to this minute being written :-
"Sir,
"To Francis C. Macgregor, Esq., Her Majesty's Consul, Canton.
British Consulate, Canton, March 18, 1845. "About seven o'clock this morning, while walking for exercise along the north wall, on the outside of the city, we were attacked by several Chinese, who had
again
71046
in Jan Houb
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BRITISH POSITION
3rd. The reduction of the duties on commerce and of the port charges on small coasting craft, and the regulations respecting junks trading with Hong Kong, require further modification; and a satisfactory
been following us, and increasing in numbers, from the building known to foreigners as the Five-storied Pagoda. At first they commenced with throwing stones, which endangered our lives, and by some of which we were struck. This attack was aided and encouraged by a number of Chinese, who followed us along the top of the city wall, hurling large stones, which, if they had struck, would have killed those at whom they were aimed. Mr. Jackson was first attacked, by men brandishing swords and daggers; his arms were pinioned, and his gold chain snatched from his neck. The Reverend Mr. Stanton and Mr. Martin perceiving that Mr. Jackson was not following, returned to aid him, and were themselves seized; one of the assailants thrust a dagger at Mr. Martin's breast, two endeavoured to throw him on the ground, and whilst struggling with them, his pockets were rifled. The same course was pursued with Mr. Jackson and Mr. Stanton. The latter lost his watch, the former still retained his, but everything else was taken. The assailants then left us; but the persons on the wall followed us for some time, hurling large stones, and using menacing gestures, and opprobrious language.
"Proceeding southward beneath the wall to reach the river side, we were again followed and attacked by another party; Mr. Jackson received a violent blow on his chest, and a roof was torn up to furnish large sticks to the assailants. In this attack Mr. Jackson was deprived of his watch; our clothes were torn; and at one time the people were disposed to strip us. No resistance was offered, it was hope- less to have attempted it, not only by reason of the numbers and weapons of the multitude, but also on account of the attack on us from the watch tower and along the walls.
"The outrage was entirely unprovoked; our own official character, and the pre- sence of a minister of religion, was a guarantee for peaceful conduct; and had his presence not restrained Mr. Jackson and Mr. Martin, bloodshed might probably have ensued. Reaching a more populous part of the suburbs, we rested a moment and then proceeded home; but not unfrequently hearing opprobrious epithets, mingled with cries of "kill them, kill them."
"From no nation in Europe would British subjects suffer this treatment; there can be no excuse for tolerating a continuance of such conduct towards us in China; and we think there cannot be a doubt that the Chinese Government have it in their power effectually to put a stop, not only to the personal insults which the English daily experience, but also to prohibit effectually the repetition of the injuries we have experienced. By the probibition to enter the city of Canton, the lower classes of the Chinese are encouraged to regard us as inferiors, and to treat us with marked contumely. No measures, that we are aware of, have ever been taken by the authorities to prevent the constant insults to which the British community are subjected; and which, instead of diminishing by time, or being subdued by acts of kindness, seem to become more frequent and more virulent.
66
Anxiously desirous to maintain peace, and to promote amity, we make this representation, believing that unless the Chinese authorities remedy the evils com- plained of, the most serious consequences must inevitably and ere long ensue.
"We have, &c., (Signed)
"R. M. MARTIN, "Treasurer at Hong Kong, and one of H. M.'s Council
in that Colony.
"R. B. JACKSON,
"H. B. M.'s Vice-Consul at Canton.
"VINCENT STANTON,
"H. B. M.'s Chaplain at Hong Kong."
"Articles of which the restitution is required:-A watch, capped, and double cased in gold. A watch, double cased in silver. A gold chain and gold seal, with armorial bearings. A gold pencil case, cornelian top. A bunch of keys. Two small keys. A silver-mounted walking cane. A silk purse, studded with
steel beads."
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
87
arrangement with reference to internal transit duties, which latter is par- ticularly essential if Chusan be not made a free port, or be not perman- ently retained as one of our colonies; and,
4th. The cession of Hong Kong to the British crown, was no gain, in any one point of view, to England; on the contrary, its occupation has caused a great destruction of valuable life, and a considerable waste of treasure; while the retention of the island, even with the most rigid economy, must involve an annual sacrifice, unattended with any bene- ficial results. We made no arrangement for the revision of the treaty at the end of seven or ten years, when the working of its provisions would have been tested by time and experience; and no stipulations for the protection of those professing the Christian faith. Both these points were conceded to the Americans and French as soon as asked, and we are indebted to foreigners for concessions that ought to have been obtained by ourselves.
Having briefly reviewed the past, it may now be inquired what is our present position and policy? Do we feel secure of continued peace with China? Do we possess any commanding political position, the retention of which, by a moderate naval and military force, may arrest the direful calamity of another war? Have we any check to exercise over the Chinese, which may compel them to keep peace? Are we developing, by precept or example, any moral control or influence which may surely, though slowly, establish our power, and win the respect and attachment of the Chinese Government and people?
These important questions cannot, it is to be feared, be answered in the affirmative. The frequent expression of men of all classes of society is "another war with China is inevitable; affairs are not yet settled."
On the evacuation of Chusan we shall have no position in Chira capable of dictating peace; and by the final abandonment of that island in January next, we shall have adopted the most effectual step that could be taken for the encouragement of a bloody, and perhaps disastrous, conflict, of which it is impossible to see the termination, and which it is very probable may engender deep and bitter feelings of national hostility to us, unquenchable by time or circumstances.
As a Government, we are doing nothing for the inculcation of our language, or for rearing a corps of useful and honest interpreters, Euro- pean or Chinese; we are not merely negative, but prohibitory, as regards the dissemination of true religion*, although there is no point on which the Chinese Government and people are more indifferent; and on other points we are equally unmindful of our permanent interests.
* The Christian world is indebted to the French mission in China for a revoca-- tion of the former imperial edicts against Christianity, and for the promulgation of the following edict, granting toleration and protection to the Christians. A Russian religious and scientific mission has been established at Pekin since 1728, under the sanction of a treaty. The mission is changed every two years. The French have, under the able auspices of M. Lagréné, obtained, I understand, other concessions relative to religion and literature. The "Journal des Débats," in November last, had four columns of a triumphant article on the Christian conduct of France in China, and in eulogy of the now prevalent idea in France, that her mission, or des- tiny, is the promulgation of Christianity in the distant regions of the globe. M. Lagréné is, I understand, a lay jesuit of high standing. Whatever he be, however he deserves great credit for procuring the following edict.".
66
508
A
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BRITISH POSITION
Painful, however, as it is to contemplate the mistakes of the past policy, and the defects of our present position, there is much to cheer and encourage the efforts of the statesman, if efficient measures be vigorously and promptly adopted for their remedy.
Our mistakes appear to have had their origin in a misplaced leniency, in the manifestation of a magnanimity which was misunderstood, and which conveyed no real and permanent benefit on the conquered. A proud and corrupt Government, like that of China, inflated with the highest ideas of self-importance, viewed honourable and humane con- sessions as indications of timidity or folly; and where it could not op- pose force by force, it would naturally resort to the weapons of the weak, -dissimulation, cunning, and perfidy.
When, therefore, we found ourselves the victors of China, it was our duty, while carefully abstaining from doing aught to diminish the control of the Chinese Government over its subjects, to have adopted such measures, and to have taken such precautions, as would have pre-
<< Keying, a high minister, imperial commissioner, and viceroy of the provinces of Kwang-tung and Kwangsi, respectfully presents this duly prepared memorial to the throne. I, your minister, find that the Christian religion is that which the nations of the western seas venerate and worship,-its tenets inculcating virtue and goodness, and reprobating wickedness and vice. It was introduced into, and has been propagated in China, since the times of the Ming dynasty, and for a period there was no prohibition against it. Afterwards, because natives of China, who professed to follow its maxims, frequently made use of it to commit mischief, the authorities made examination, and inflicted punishment, as is on record.
"In the reign of Kia-kin, a special clause was first enacted in the penal code, for the punishment of this offence, and hence the natives of China were in reality prevented from committing crime,-the prohibition not extending to the religion which the foreign nations of the west worship.
"It now appears that the present envoy, Lagréné, has requested that those Chinese who follow his religion, and are in other respects blameless in the eye of the law, be held free from punishment for so doing; and as this seems what may be carried into effect, I, your minister, accordingly request that hereafter all who pro- fess the Christian religion be exempted from punishment, and looking up, beseech the imperial grace. If any should walk in the former ways or commit other offences, they will be adjudged according to the established laws.
"With reference to the subjects of France, as well as of all other foreign countries who follow this religion, they are to be permitted to erect churches for worship only at the five ports open for foreign trade; and they are not to presume to enter the interior, to propagate their doctrines. If any disobey this regulation, and rashly exceed the fixed boundaries (of the ports), the district authorities will at once apprehend them, and deliver them over to the nearest Consul of their re- spective countries, to be restrained and punished: they are not to be precipitately punished with severity, or killed. By this will tender compassion'be manifested to those from a far, as well as to the black-haired race, the good and the bad will not be confounded together, and by your Majesty's gracious assent, will the laws and principles of reason be displayed with justice and sincerity and this is my petition, that the practice of the Christian religion may henceforth entail no punish- ment on those who are good subjects.
"Wherefore, I respectfully prepare this memorial, and looking up, I beg that your imperial grace do cause it to take effect. A respectful memorial.
"On the 9th day, 11th month, 24th year of Taoukwang, the imperial reply was received, assenting (to the petition)."
"RESPECT THIS."
The above mandate was received at Suchau, on the 25th day, 12th mouth, 24th year of Taoukwang.
J. Mc D.
Shanghai, 1845.
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
89
vented the grievous necessity of another war, by retaining an island or position, as a guarantee, which would command peace; by the establish- ment of a permanent British einbassy at Pekin; and by securing per- fect freedom of intercourse for British subjects with every part of China, internal or maritime. This would have been sound policy, and at the same time merciful towards both the Chinese Government and people. The former would probably be saved the disastrous calamity of another war, which may end in the subversion of the ruling dynasty, and the latter, as an imitative and tractable people, would have received the great benefits of unrestricted commerce with a more civilized nation, capable of turning to full advantage the qualities of an industrious and peaceable race, in a country improved by art, and favoured by nature to a high degree.
In order, therefore, to accomplish the important objects which it appears desirable should be attained by England, for the sake of China as well as for our own interests, the following points are submitted for consideration -
1st. The final cession of Chusan to the British Crown. (a) Failing this cession, the island to be placed under the protection of Great Britain, like the Ionian islands. (b) This not being granted, Chusan to be made a free port, open to all nations, with perfect freedom of residence, &c.
2nd. In consideration of the Chinese ceding Chusan to England, we might agree to withdraw our Consular stations from Amoy, Foochoo, and perhaps from Ningpo.
3rd. If the Chinese Government refuse to cede Chusan, then we ought to demand the permanent establishment of a British minister at Pekin, with a guard of honour from a ship of war, to be constantly stationed in the Peiho, and that all official intercourse be carried on at Pekin.
4th. We ought also to require that British subjects be permitted to reside in any part of China, with perfect security for life and property, for the free enjoyment of their religion, and for the prosecution of any lawful and proper business.
5th. That other ports be opened to British commerce, viz., those in the Yang-tze-kiang river, and to the northward; and that it be per- mitted us to navigate any river in China.
6th. That one of the other islands of the Chusan group, viz., the populous and cultivated island of Lowang, twenty-six miles in circum- ference; or the island of Tehinsanna, eight and a half miles long from east to west, with good anchorage in both monsoons on the north-east part of the Chusan group or archipelago, be ceded to us. By the adoption of such a system of definite policy, we should be establishing a physical and moral power in China of the utmost consequence to us as a nation, and pregnant with beneficial results of the highest mag- nitude.
It is the duty of statesmen to legislate and act for the future as well as for the present. The prescient mind can discern in the vista of coming events a period when the peninsula of Hindoostan will claim that right of self-government for which we are now educating the Anglo Indian people. We ought to be preparing for such a change, and to be now engaged in the formation of a controlling and directing power in
509
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BRITISH POSITION AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
China, which will compensate for our loss of the United States and of Hindoostan.
China in a remarkable degree seems destined by Divine Providence to be the next great arena for the development of British civilization*. The vast extent of territory favoured by every variety of climate, and yielding almost every vegetable and mineral product; the great length of sea coast with numerous excellent harbours; the large rivers flowing far and deep into the central land; abundance of coal and iron for steam navigation and transit: canals for traffic in all directions; a population numbering, it is said, one-third of the inhabitants of the eartht-industrious, peaceful, skilled in husbandry and various branches
*
The third report of the "Society for diffusing useful knowledge in China," held at Canton, 20th November, 1837, contains a review of the existing literature of the Chinese, and an enumeration of the "catalogue of works contained in the imperial
It concludes with these remarks :- library at Pekin."
A
"From this cursory review which we have taken of Chinese literature, we are enabled to perceive what is the range of existing knowledge in this country. philosophy, which, leaving alone all speculations concerning the origin and future state of man, confines itself wholly to the relations between man and man in this life, occupies one fourth portion. A history and a geography, almost exclusively national, occupy another fourth portion; while the existence of other nations, and the practical lessons to be learned from the rest of mankind, are almost wholly for- gotten. With the exception of agriculture and weaving, the useful arts of life find hardly any place in Chinese literature. Mechanic and chemical sciences are scarcely thought of. Medicine we know to consist, for the most part, of mere quackery. Astronomical and mathematical sciences are chiefly derived from Europeans, and the knowledge of them is confined to a very few persons; while the vagaries of astrology and divination find a place not only in their literature, but also in the arrangements of government. Natural history is regarded only as an adjunct to medical science, if the practice of medicine among the Chinese can be dignified with the name of science. Seeing that so many are the defects of Chinese litera- ture, it becomes our imperative duty to exert our utmost energies to supply their lack of knowledge."
As regards their philosophy, the committee observe--
"Several of the classical works, which form the foundation of this first depart- ment of Chinese literature, have already, by means of translations, been placed within the reach of the European public. From these we are enabled to perceive to how low an elevation in philosophy the most esteemed sages of China have attained."
map
In the geography of even their own country they are almost as deficient as they A of the province of Fokien, which I saw at are of that of foreign countries. the viceroy's residence at Foochoo, would have disgraced the New Zealanders, or It had no bearings-no divisional lines-no propor- Yet any other barbarous nation. tions; and that part which we know, the Min river, was entirely incorrect. this map was kept a secret; and our Consul at Foochoo could only procure a copy, by paying a Chinese largely for copying it by stealth. In astronomy, music, sur- gery, medicine, chemistry, military and naval science, fine arts, &c., they are utterly deficient.
+ EXTENT
† Extent of CHINA PROPER, number of Inhabitants, Arable Area, and Revenues at the end of 1844, exclusive of Tartary, the Dependent Provinces, and the Colonies. (Prepared for me from official documents.)
Geographical Position.
Provinces.
Lat. N.
Long. E.
in Ring
and Mow. Mouths Arable area
square
Mile. Number of on each Mouths.
Land
Taels. in
Taxes and Duties.
Total fixed
Revenue
Salt.
Sundry.
Remains
in the
Provincial Province. MoneyTaels. In kind. Treasury. of each
Send to the Emperor.
Chih-le
39° 54′ 13′′
Shan-tung
36 44 24
Shau-se
37 53 30
16° 28' 0"
117 07 30
112 30 30
65,104
55,268
Keang-soo Ho-nan
Gan-hwny
Keang-se
Fo-keen
Chế keang
Hoo-pih
Hoo-nan
Shen-se
Kwang-tung Kan-suh
Sze-choeu
Kwang se
34 55 0
113 20 00
65,104
32 04 40
118 47 00
92,961
Yun-nan
Kwei-choo
Gan-king-foo
Nan-chang-foo
Fuh-choo-foo
Hang-choo-foo
Woo-chang-foo
Chang-sha-foo
Se-gan-foo
San-choo-foo
Ching-too-foo
Kwang-choo-foo
Kwei-lin-foo
Yun-nan.foo
30 37 10
28 37 12
117 04 13
115 48 17
72,176
26 02 24
30 20 20
30 34 50
28 12 0
34 16 45
36 08 24
30 40 41
23 08 09
25 13 12
119 25 00
120 07 34
53,480
39,150
25 06 0
we i-yang-foo
26 30 00
114 13 30
112 46 57
108 57 45
103 55 00
103 10 30
111 16 30
110 13 50
102 51 40
106 36 10
144,770
154,008
166,800
79,456
78,250
107,969
54,554
1,297,999
27,990,871
28,958,764
14,004,210
23,037,171
37,843,501
34,168,059
30,426,999
14,777,410
26,256,784
37,370,098
18,652,507
10,207,256
15,193,135
21,435,678
19,147,030
7,313,895
5,561,320
5,288,219
367,632,907
473
515
657,091-87 | 1,334,457
970,054.7
153,272
1,925,658
1,939,941
621,813
3,396,165
199'04
3,930,513
2,730,736
353,973
691,141
253
354
329,586-21 | 2,990,675
722,820-36 | 3,164,758
82,944
44,950
142,317
774
..
276
671 421
38,593
42,630
3,580,647
3,420,940
6,475,690
1,174,110
2,719,488
1,202,590
2,702,285
..
328,290
2,441,110
221,242
626,623
2.564,728 1,401,273
422,709
49,087
2,532,327
776,173
1,602,431
1,055,109
2,287,346
795,863
540,705
208,050
66,600
687,277
11,554
1,282,598
776,173
96,934
333,543
317
312,287.90
44,343
924,302
944,422
96,214
265,379
252,371-3
40,623
2,206,351
306,236
265,498
164.
93 128
214
177,831.3
459,040-67
39,450
60,787
380,889
1,082,644
72,274
31,782
662,880
:
13,029
47,913
65,220
1,477,497
719,307
339,143
84,400-60
416,399
47,150
52,660
516,149
275,559
86,945
51
82
283
69,499.80
209,582
227,626
34,256
471,464
188,927
227,626
53,596
181,268
24,431
6,234 7,054,692 29 30,364,023|3,843,930 | 1,005,092 25,681.76
131,938
35,018,051
52,346
13,314
22,022,451 | 3,299,015 | 5,569,329
Hong Kong, June 1845.
R. M. MARTIN.
510
93
511
92
BRITISH POSITION
of art, imitative in mechanics, (thus leading to the natural conclusion that they would be equally so in social and moral duties,) having an organized Government and well administered municipalities, devoid of the prejudices of caste or of idolatry, and thus to a certain degree pre- pared for the reception of the seeds of Christian truth; ever seeking to benefit their condition, by labour at home, or by emigrating to other countries; habituated to a maritime life; of considerable physical power; not deficient in courage, if properly disciplined; acute or subtle reasoners; preferring the material to the theoretical or ideal; not wanting in emu- lative enterprise, obedient to the commands of a justly ruling authority;
NOTES ON THE FOREGOING STATISTICAL TABLE.
The above are the nominal sums for which the respective officers become responsible to their sovereign. But the estimate of last year has so immensely fallen short of the actual amount required, viz., of the arrears due since the war, there remained, in October 1844, 38,711,000 taels to be paid. The rice has, for the greater part, on account of the inundation, not been forwarded to the capital.
The sundries arise from the proceeds of pawbrokers' shops, mercantile estab- There are moreover innumerable local lishments, and various fees and duties.
items not mentioned in the statistical returns, because the mandarins on the spot receive them, without sending any account; for this they have, however, to keep up a considerable establishment.
The colonial possessions, instead of yielding a revenue, absorb considerable sums. The subsidies paid to the Mongol chiefs, both in money as well as kind, are very large; the expenditure of the army in Torkestan, amounts to several millions annually; and to keep up the establishments in Mantchouria, the treasury is con- stantly drained. Tibet requires only about 200,000 taels annually. No returns of these liabilities are ever published.
Three taels are 17. sterling; one shih 160 lbs. ; one ring 100 mow; one mow 6000 square covids.
It ought always to be kept in mind that the sums specified are the net revenue, after the deduction of the expenditure of collection, so that in many instances the In the esti- sums actually raised are five times more than what is put down here. mate are not included the duties on the foreign trade, which are, at the lowest, about three million taels per annum. Besides the monopoly in ginseng, per centage from the numerous mines, profits from coinage, &c., &c., which at the most moder- ate calculation does not amount to less than five million taels per annum, and is directly paid to the Emperor.
We have neither enumerated about thirty-four million shih of grain, which, according to the regulations, is kept in deposit by Government, in order to provide against starvation. The people have some claim on this, and reap the profits arising from the sale. The quantity, moreover, fluctuates very much, and the lat- ter amount is abstracted from a work published about twenty years ago.
China is not remarkable for longevity. An examination was made in 1827 by the Emperor Kang-he, to ascertain how many persons were above seventy years of age, that they might be exempted from the public service, and nourished by the state. Those of eighty, ninety, and a hundred, were successively honoured with higher rewards.
In nine provinces, containing 158,793,306 inhabitants, there were but 194,086 of seventy and upwards, which latter sum is 818 parts of the former.
In sixteen provinces, the number of people at eighty years of age was 168,850; Not a two at ninety years 9996; and at or about a hundred years of age, but 21. thousandth part of the whole empire reached the age of eighty years; not the thirty-six thousandth part ninety years; and only about one in seventeen million inhabitants reached the age of a century.
Only three provinces evince this longevity, viz., Shantung, 9; Honan 5; Hon- an, or Hon-Guange, 4; Keangnan 3; total 21.
In the Canton province, on a population of 19,147,030, but 9415 reached the
None attained a century. age of eighty, and only 591 that of ninety years.
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
and with strong domestic and social attachments, enabling them to com- bine for good or evil purposes: these and other considerations render China a field peculiarly adapted for the inculcation of the Christian civilization of England.
We have it in our power to till the field thus presented for our pro- fitable labour. Science and skill of various kinds is now anxiously seeking employment at home; where could they be more usefully employed than in China*?
* The jesuits received the greatest encouragement from the Emperor Canghi, or Kanghi, during his long reign. On 22nd March, 1672, his Majesty issued a cele- brated edict in favour of Christianity; in which, conformable to the report of the board of rites, he ordered the temples dedicated to the "Lord of Heaven" through- out his dominions to be respected, and that no opposition be given to all who chose to enter those temples, offer incense, and perform acts of worship.
This edict was issued in consequence of a violent persecution commenced against the Christians in the province of Che-kiang, by the viceroy and inferior mandarins. In consequence of the petitions of the jesuits of science at Pekin, the Emperor ordered the board of rites to inquiry into the subject; and the board reported that "they had seriously examined that which had reference to the Euro- peans who lived in China; and found that they merited attention and love for the signal services which they had rendered in civil and foreign wars, by their con- tinued studies to produce useful and curious works, and by their just and sincere affection for the public good. Moreover, that the Europeans are very tranquil; that they do not excite troubles in the provinces; that they do not cause evil, or commit any bad action. Besides, their doctrine has nothing in common with the false and dangerous sects of the empire; and their maxims do not lead people to sedition." The report of the board of rites went on to state, that "as the Govern- ment of China did not prevent the Lamas of Tartary, nor the Budhists, to have their temples, and offer incense in their pagodas, how much less ought the Europeans be prevented to have their churches, and to preach publicly their religion, as they did nothing contrary to good laws."
It was in consequence of this excellent report that the persecution which had commenced in China against Christianity, was suppressed by the Emperor in
1692.
Shortly after, the Chinese physicians having failed to cure the Emperor Canghi of a fever, the sovereign placed himself under the care of the jesuit physicians, Gerbillon and Bouvet, at Pekin, who cured him with quinine. In gratitude for his recovery, the Emperor assigned them splendid apartments in the first enclosure of the palace, and which had belonged to the governor of the heir apparent. Artisans were employed to fit the residence up in excellent style, and a mandarin to superintend the dwelling; and understanding that they wished to have a church attached to their house, the Emperor caused a very handsome church to be erected within the precincts of the palace, which required four years building, and was The church was adorned by the jesuit artists with great magnificence and taste. opened with great ceremony in 1702.
On several occasions the learned jesuits established at Pekin, were enabled to render signal services to the Tartar Government at Pekin.
About the year 1688, the Russians had been advancing, by Siberia, through Tartary to the frontiers of the Chinese empire: Their route was along the rivers Irtis, Oby, Gennissee, Angara, via lake Baikal; thence to the Amour river, pene- trating to Saghalion-Oula. The Russians destroyed the forts as they advanced, not without resistance, however, from the Tartars, who were subjects of the Chinese empire.
War between the Muscovites and Chinese seemed imminent; but through the diplomacy of the jesuits Gerbillon and Bouvet, a peace was con- cluded at Nipchou, by ambassadors from both powers, by which the limits of Rus- sia were defined, and the Chinese army returned to Pekin. Gerbillon and Bouvet were appointed secretaries to the Chinese embassy, but in reality they managed the whole negotiations in a manner which gave great satisfaction.
But a more important service was rendered to the Tartar Government of
----
95
512
94
BRITISH POSITION
Russia, Turkey, Greece, Belgium, Egypt, Persia, and other coun- tries have been benefited by the scientific skill of Europe. Here is a region open to us for the same purpose, far exceeding in value and in extent all those kingdoms put together. If we refuse to avail ourselves
China by the celebrated jesuit P. Verbiest, who, by casting cannon (then unknown in China), enabled the Emperor to put down a very formidable rebellion, organ- ized by the famous Chinese general Ou-Sang-Guey, who had been the means of introducing the Tartars into China for the extermination of the rebels, and who now sought to dethrone the Tartar dynasty, and restore the Chinese sovereigns. In a short time, Ou-Sang-Guey made himself master of the provinces of Setchuen, Yunnan, and Kweitchou. His example was followed in the provinces of Canton and Fokien; and Coxinga, a naval co-operator, with a large armament, took pos- session of Formosa. The rebellion would probably have been successful but for the cannon cast by Verbiest for the Tartars, which they conveyed to the attack on On the the encampment of Ou-Sang-Guey, and which he was unable to resist. death of Verbiest, the Emperor himself wrote the eloge which was read over his grave. The Mahometans had, during 300 years, the direction of the tribunal of mathematics in China, and the preparation of the calendar; but this important duty was taken from them, and vested in the jesuit Adam Schaal; and they con- tinued to hold this, and other important stations, until their final expulsion from China, after the death of the Emperor Canghi, in his 69th year, A.D. 1722 (20 December) and on the ascent of his third son, Yong-tcheng to the throne at Pekin, who refused to check the persecution of the Christians.
The Emperor Canghi is described by the jesuit missionaries as a man having a lofty genius, great penetration, and a faithful memory; with a solid judgment, a sense of right, and a firmness of soul; always master of himself, and capable of forming and of conducting great enterprises. He did not repose upon favourites, but took He was tender towards his cognizance of all things, and regulated them himself. subjects, and never lost sight of judgment and of justice. He studied and acquired the European arts and sciences; and geometry, physics, astronomy, medicine, and anatomy, were successively objects of his careful study. He loved to have the learned jesuits around him; he esteemed their morals; protected them and their fellow Christians; and had given hopes, that but for his sudden death, he would have openly embraced Christianity.
In 1620 the Chinese sovereign (Tien-ki) and Government at Pekin, called in the aid of the Christian missionaries, and of the Portuguese, to aid by artillery in repelling the Tartars. This aid was given, and tranquillity was restored at Pekin, to within seven leagues of which city the Tartars had penetrated. In 1628 the Emperor Tien-ki died, and his brother, Hoai-tsong, known also under the name of Tsong-tching, ascended the throne of China.
In 1636, two leaders or chiefs of plundering banditti, organized a large force, combining all the discontented persons in the empire, as well as all who wished to profit by plunder. They marched towards Pekin, plundering towns, cities, and The rebels laid siege to Pekin, provinces, and devastating the land with civil war. and the Emperor fearing to fall into their hands, put himself to death. The com- mandant (Ou-Sang-Guey) of a body of Chinese troops on the frontiers, solicited the aid of the Tartars, to relieve Pekin; this aid was granted by Tsong-te, the Tartar chief, who retook Pekin from the rebels; and as the Chinese Emperor, Hoit-song, had committed suicide to prevent falling into the hands of the rebels, the vacant throne was seized by the Tartar general, Tsong-te, who, however, died very soon, and his son, Chuntchi, then only six years of age, was proclaimed Emperor of China by the Tartar garrison of Pekin. The uncle of Chuntchi, named Amavan, became the guardian of the young prince, who at fourteen years of age ascended the throne, the sovereignty of which was still disputed by the Chinese, particularly in the sea coast and midland provinces. The Tartar troops advanced to Quantong (Canton) and Quangsi provinces, where they took some towns, but were repulsed by two Chinese generals who were Christians. The victorious Chinese declared Yang-tie, who was a prince of the imperial family, emperor, and fixed his court at Chao- king, in the Canton province. The mother of the Chinese emperor, his chief wife, and his eldest son, received the rite of Christian baptism, together with twenty
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
of the offer thus benignly vouchsafed to us; if we reject the means of thus benefiting ourselves and myriads of our fellow-creatures, either from apathy, selfishness, miscalled prudence, or erroneous political con- siderations, the opportunity may never again occur; and that which might have been converted into a source of national strength, of indi- vidual good, and of general benefit, may be converted by others, and by different means, into an engine injurious to our own interests, and pro- ductive of great and permanent national injury. Are we prepared to run the race of competition with other nations? or, after enjoying duration as a kingdom for upwards of one thousand years, and holding for the greater part of that time the dominant power of the Earth, are we disposed to shrink from the competition and descend in the scale of empires? Other kingdoms and nations are ready to rise, to build, and to strengthen their power on our downfall. We cannot shut our eyes to the fact, that we are envied and feared, rather than trusted and loved, and that if we be not true to ourselves there are none in whom we can trust.
It has not been by a timid, hesitating, dubious time-serving policy, by a craving after petty immediate gain, by crafty devices, or by subtle intrigues, that a small island in the Western Atlantic has become the mistress of the world-her power seen and felt on every shore, her flag triumphant on every sea.
Great ends can only be achieved by great means; a nobility of object consecrates the endeavour for its attainment.
If to pour a quickening life blood into China, to vivify a vast and almost stagnant mass of human beings, and thus incalculably increase our commerce*; if to construct and organize a power on the extreme East, which may eventually counterbalance the gigantic empire which stretches from the Bosphorous to the Arctic circle, from the Baltic to the Pacific; if to diffuse intelligence and science among three hundred millions of people; above all, and before all, to implant the inspiriting doctrines of Christianity over such an immense portion of the globe, that their diffusion would eventually influence all mankind; if to do this
ladies of rank at the court. The Chinese empress (baptized Helena Taming), and the other royal Christians, sent a learned missionary (Michael Bagm, a Pole) to Pope Alexander VII., to render obedience to the court of Rome.
The Chinese dynasty in the southern provinces was but of short duration. Hordes of Tartars poured into China, and three grand armies obliged the Emperor Yang-tie to flee. A sanguinary leader of theirs having overrun the provinces of Honan, Kiangnan, Kiangsi, &c., and committed the most appalling massacres, the peaceful Chinese were glad to accept the Tartar yoke, for the sake of secure enjoy- ment of their lives. And for two hundred years, 1644 to 1844, the Tartar dynasty has maintained by corruption, by stratagem, and by force, the throne and government of China.
* China has rich mines of gold and silver, but it has also accumulated large quantities of the precious metals from other countries.
It is computed that 400,000,000 dollars passed from Acapulco to Manila dur- ing the 250 years of their intercourse; of this sum it is estimated that one-fourth passed from Manila to China. Since 1784, about 100,000,000 dollars have passed from the United States to China. Siam and Cochin send large quantities of gold and silver in ingots to China. Japan, it is estimated, has poured into China during sixty years of free intercourse, at least 100,000,000. From all other sources during the past century, China has received about 50,000,000. The estimated metallic circulation is equivalent to 500,000,000 dollars.
113513
ON RESIGNATION.
will not deem my conduct deserving of censure, and that they will find I have fulfilled the trust reposed in me.
I beg to inclose copies of my correspondence on the subject.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
No. XV.-To James Stephen, Esq., Under-Secretary of State for
Sir,
the Colonies.
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, July 8, 1845.
I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith a copy of a letter and its inclosures, which I have this day addressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, through Governor Davis.
I respectfully solicit that his Lordship will suspend decision respect- ing my conditional resignation of the office of Treasurer here, until I reach England, to which I am proceeding, viâ Egypt, by the fastest sailing vessel in China (the "Lanrick"), in the hope of reaching Bom- bay in time for the overland steamer of 27th August.
-+have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
96
BRITISH POSITION
be worthy the achievement of Britain, and that even failure in the attempt be no disgrace, but the reverse, then ought we to proceed very differently from the course which has hitherto been adopted: nay, more, a perseverance in our present course can bring with it no advantages; it will not even obtain security for our tea trade, although the Chinese are more interested in preserving that branch of commerce than the English are; and when war and anarchy have overspread and desolated China, we shail find, when too late, that we have lost even that for which we had forfeited every individual and national good.
It is yet time to retrieve some of the errors of the past. Ere Chusan be evacuated in January next, we have the means in our power of arranging those measures which wisdom, mercy to China, and sound policy to ourselves would dictate.
Some of these measure have been briefly shadowed forth in the previous pages, and can, if required, be more amply developed.
Happy will the writer feel, if in the fulfilment of his duty to his sovereign he has been permitted to aid in awakening Britain to a true sense of her position in China, to a consciousness of what is due to her- self, and at the same time beneficial to others; and to a strenuous effort for maintaining a national supremacy in the East as well as in the West, which is essentially conducive to the welfare of all mankind.
R. M. MARTIN.
Hong Kong, April 19, 1845.
Inclosure 1 in No. XV.
To his Excellency John Francis Davis, Esq., Governor of Hong Kong.
Sir,
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,
July 8, 1845.
I HAVE the honour to solicit that your Excellency will be pleased to transmit the accompanying letter and its inclosures to the Right Hon- ourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies, at your earliest con- venience.
I have, &c.,
Inclosure 2 in No. XV.
R. M. MARTIN.
To the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies.
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,
July 8, 1845. I HAVE the honour to solicit your Lordship's perusal of the inclosed correspondence with Governor Davis, and a consideration of the follow- ing statement.
My Lord,
I
No. VIII.-To C. E. Trevelyan, Esq., Secretary to the Rt. Hon. the Lords Commissioners of H. M.'s Treasury.
Sir,
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,
April 25, 1845.
I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, a copy of a "Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China," which I laid before Governor Davis on the 19th instant, and which has been transmitted by his Excellency to the Earl of Aberdeen per "Denia," on the 22nd
instant.
The British expenditure on the coast of China will doubtless be materially influenced by a just exposition of our present position and future prospects; and in this point of view I trust my labours may not be deemed unacceptable to their Lordships.
I may conscientiously add, that in writing this minute, but one object pervaded my mind,--the welfare of my country, and the exten- sion of her power and influence, on Christian principles, for the advan- tage of China.
114
CORRESPONDENCE
Soon after my arrival in this island, I observed that there had been a large and unnecessary expenditure of the public money here, which had been greatly facilitated by the power of arresting portions of the Chinese indemnity money, in its transit to the home exchequer.
Perceiving that the disbursement was daily augmenting*, I felt it to be my duty, even at the hazard of losing, what I much covet, the confidence and support of your Lordship, to state openly my opinions to
my_superiors, and to substantiate them by facts, relative to the true nature and value of Hong Kong, and to its necessary concomitant-the British position and prospects in China.
The reports, minutes, and papers, written in support of these opinions were transmitted either to your Lordship, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, or to the Lords of the Treasury, and as I un- derstood they were producing some effect at home, by suggesting various inquiries, and causing a check to be put upon the expenditure here, I resolved, although my health and constitution have been much impaired by this climate, to await the result of those inquiries, and the correction of errors which time and circumstances generally induce.
Having, however, recently ascertained that Governor Davis is pro- posing for your Lordship's sanction a further expenditure of half a mil- lion of dollars for civil works heret, irrespective of the, I think, entirely unnecessary extent of outlay incurred, and projected in the military and ordnance departments; believing that Her Majesty's Government must be under great misapprehension relative to Hong Kong, and to our affairs and position in China; and understanding that it is intended to evacuate Chusan in February or March next, without any attempt at negotiation for the retention of that most valuable and important island (worthy of being an Anglo-Chinese colony), I applied to Governor Davis for six months' leave of absence, on public grounds, in order that might bring the whole subject under a complete and unbiassed investi- gation, and thus, if possible, timely correct what are deemed primary errors of national importance.
In order to place the question on high grounds, I offered to give up all my salary; to incur my own expenses to England; to continue my bonds of pecuniary security to the Crown ; and to forfeit my commission in Her Majesty's service, should my application for leave of absence be disapproved of at home.
The Governor refused the leave sought, on the plea that I was not dying and requiring change of climate; a decision, as shown in the accompanying correspondence, contrary to the obvious meaning of the Governor's instructions (chap. iv. p. 25), and which, if thus interpreted,
r
Governor Davis declared that he was determined to spend as much as possible of the Chinese indemnity money, in its transit to England; because, after that supply ceased, the grants voted by Parliament would be jejune indeed." The necessity of the expenditure was a subordinate consideration. The leading idea of many governors is to create a favourable impression of having made great progress in public works, roads, &c. This used to be frequently done by grants from the home exchequer, and, as in the case of Hong Kong, totally unrequired by local circumstances.
+ I only ascertained this on my return from visiting the northern Consulates in June, 1845, and immediately took steps to try and check this utter waste of the public money.
3F
ON RESIGNATION.
514
115
would make every colonial servant of the crown an exile for life, or subject to the caprice, favouritism, or vindictiveness of any colonial governor.
The yet unsettled state of the British affairs in China; the very short time intervening for their imperatively-required better arrangement, of every previous to the evacuation of Chusan, when our expenditure description ought to undergo the most careful revision and retrench- ment; the desire to prevent the contemplated expenditure of half a million dollars for civil works, and of other unnecessary projected out- lays; a conscientious belief that, as a sworn servant of the Crown, I am bound to lay all the information I have collected here, before Her Majesty's Ministers, and that I can only effectually do so, without further loss of time, in person; have compelled me to adopt the only alternative in my power, namely, to place in the hands of Governor Davis my resignation as Her Majesty's Treasurer for the Colonial, Consular, and Diplomatic services in China, in order that I may at once bring the whole matter under the full and fair consideration of your Lordship, and be on the spot in case of necessity for reference.
I will not advert to myself, personally, to any treatment which I have experienced, or to any misinterpretation of my motives and con- duct; these are points of comparatively little moment. But I do confi- dently hope that the newness and vast importance of our position in China; the still partial blending of colonial, diplomatic, and commercial affairs here; the possible imperfections of individual judgment, arising from natural causes and various interests; and the advantages conse- quently derivable to the State, from a minute examination and exposi- tion of our affairs in the most distant, most complex, yet least under-
induce
your stood settlement and relations of the British Crown, may Lordship to grant, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, and onf public grounds, a court of inquiry, previous to the acceptance by my Sovereign of the responsible commission with which Her Majesty was graciously pleased to invest me.
Sir,
I have, &c.,
Inclosure 3 in No. XV.
R. M. MARTIN.
To his Excellency J. F. Davis, Governor of Hong Kong.
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, June 18, 1845.
IN my recent "Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China," I ventured to indicate, according to the best of my judgment, the mistakes committed during our past negotiations with the Chinese authorities, to demonstrate the apparent defects of our present policy, and to point out in some respects the course which it seems advisable to pursue previous to the evacuation of Chusan in February next.
Having devoted twenty years to an investigation of our colonial and commercial relations, I believe that my opinions thereon receive some attention at home: and that when Her Majesty's Government,
I 2
116
CORRESPONDENCE
unsolicitedly, selected me fór office in China, it was expected that I would be enabled to collect useful information.
Desirous of justifying the confidence reposed in me, I prepared and submitted several reports and documents to your Excellency; and these, together with a commercial report which I am preparing for the Lords Committee of the Privy Council for Trade, will, I hope, demonstrate that I have minutely examined affairs in China.
Although several of the conclusions at which I have arrived, after anxious investigation, may be at variance with those emanating from high authority, I trust I may, without arrogance, ask a full and fair hearing for opinions originating in integrity of motive and a solicitude to ascertain what would be most conducive to the trade and permanent interests of the British empire: being therefore convinced that an inves- tigation of our Anglo-Chinese policy is of the highest importance on general as well as on financial and commercial considerations; aware that the sentiments I entertain find little concurrence in England, from several gentlemen who recently filled office in China; and thinking that Her Majesty's Government have been acting under some erroneous impressions, I am very desirous of personally placing before Her Majesty's Ministers the information collected and the opinions thence deduced, after visiting every part of China accessible to Europeans.
For this purpose I have the honour to solicit from your Excellency leave of absence for six months, on the following terms
1st. That I draw no salary for these six months. 2nd. That I defray my own expenses to England.
́3rd. That if Her Majesty's Government decide there were no justi- fiable grounds for this application, that I resign my present office.
By granting my request, no detriment whatever can accrue to the public service. The treasury accounts are close up, the books daily balanced, and all the required returns will be made on the 30th June.
I believe the payments on account of public works will be compara- or until final orders from home); tively small for the next six months and I am certam that, with ordinary care, no delay or embarrassment can arise in the colonial treasury.
"Confiding in the importance of the information which I believe it to be in my power to convey, and in the probability of its being duly appreciated by Her Majesty's Ministers, I ask permission to forego all my salary, to incur considerable expense,--to destroy, perhaps, my and remaining health by travelling during this hot and adverse season further, I propose to risk my commission in Her Majesty's service, in order that may have an opportunity of communicating personally to the authorities at home the result of my inquiries in this country.
I have, &c.,
Sir,
Inclosure 4 in No. XV.
;
R. M. MARTIN.
To the Hon. F. W. A. Bruce, Colonial Secretary.
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, June 24, 1845.
I HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 19th instant, conveying to me the refusal of his Excellency the
T
ON RESIGNATION.
117
Governor to grant my application for six months' leave of absence, on the following grounds :-
1st. That the regulations by which the Governor is bound as to leave of absence are clear and peremptory, confining such leave to cases of serious indisposition, requiring change of climate.
2nd. That his Excellency does not feel justified in incurring an act of responsibility, by the substitution of another person in my place. And
3rd. That by granting the leave sought, his Excellency would materially depart from the usages of the service.
In reply, I beg to observe that,-
1st. The words of the regulations (ch. iv. p. 25) are, "Leave of absence should be confined as much as possible to cases of serious in- The regulations then disposition, requiring change of climate." proceed to state when leave should be granted on private affairs. A fortiori, leave may be granted on public affairs.
2nd. By granting the leave sought, no responsibility whatever would be incurred by his Excellency, as my sureties would stand good during my absence, as well as those of my locum tenens.
3rd. By the usages of the service, colonial officers frequently obtain leave of absence to proceed to England irrespective of
sickness.
But, even were the regulations clear and peremptory against leave of absence being granted, except in cases of imminently fatal illness, I venture to think that the novel and peculiar position of Great Britain in China, the nature and prospects of this island as a new settlement, and the many years which I have devoted to the study and personal examination of other colonies, and to the investigation of the commercial and financial relations of England, might have rendered my application an exception to the general rule, more particularly as my temporary absence would be no detriment to the public service, and as I offered to take upon myself all the responsibility of my proceedings.
I put aside entirely the question of my health, although it has been materially shaken by my residence and mental labours here; life or death is of little moment, compared with the great interests which These interests are too vast and England has at stake in China. pressing to be affected by individual considerations, or by the ordinary usages and proceedings of the service which are applicable to every-day
occurrences.
Whether I am right or wrong, I have endeavoured to demonstrate in my reports and minutes, that our affairs in China require immediate and special reconsideration and revision; that time and experience have made manifest several mistakes, which, if not rectified previous to the evacuation of Chusan in March or February next, will be a subject of deep regret and serious injury; and that our policy and proceedings are not productive of the extended beneficial results which the British nation has a right to expect in China, and not commensurate with the large expenditure incurred on this coast.
Feeling strongly on these points, as of great national importance; believing, that however humble my situation in Her Majesty's service, it is my bounden duty to my Sovereign to bring them under the early serious consideration of Her Majesty's Ministers; and deeming that my
515
516
118
CORRESPONDENCE ON RESIGNATION
personal attendance is indispensable to answer questions on the spot, which, even if time permitted, could not be done by a lengthened and tedious correspondence; I have resolved to undergo the responsibility of proceeding to England, to bring the whole question under the imme- diate attention of Her Majesty's Government; and I cannot help enter- taining a confident hope, that when the magnitude and pressing exigency of the case is fully seen and understood, and the motives in which my conduct has originated been explained, I may rely on the justice and liberality of Lord Stanley and Her Majesty's Ministers.
My accounts are made up, and the monies under my charge ready to be transferred, on the half-year ending 30th instant, to whomsoever his Excellency may be pleased to direct to officiate as treasurer.
Sir,
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
Inclosure 5 in No. XV.
To the Colonial Secretary.
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong,
July 8, 1845.
THE decision of his Excellency the Governor on my letters of 19th and 24th ultimo*, refusing me leave of absence for six months on public business, and with a view to what I deem the public good, compels me, most reluctantly, to adopt the only alternative of requesting his Excel- lency to receive my resignation as Her Majesty's Treasurer for the colonial and diplomatic services in China, until I can bring the subject, through the Secretary of State for the Colonies, under the consideration of my Sovereign, who was graciously pleased to appoint me to the important office and trust which I have now the honour to place in the hands of his Excellency.
My quarterly accounts are made up to the 30th June, 1845, declared before a magistrate, and passed by the auditor.
I beg that a board may be appointed to receive from me the monies under my charge, and that his Excellency will state to whom I am to transfer the accounts and books of my department, and the vouchers for payment made by me since 30th day of June last.
In order that I may be enabled to pass my accounts in England, and receive for myself, and for my sureties, the exchequer quietus, I have the honour to request that a copy of my day cash book be furnished me from this office.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
The reply to my letter of this date was a mere reference to the previous decision of the Governor, who, I was informed, would only permit me to proceed to England by my putting the word "resignation" into my letter. I tried in vain to avoid this; but each draft letter was rejected by the Governor, to whom it was Mr. Shelley told me submitted by Mr. Shelley, then acting colonial secretary. that the Governor insisted on my resignation, and that he would appoint his
R. M. M. relative, Mr. Mercer, to my situation.
119
No. XVI.-To the Right Honourable Baron Stanley, Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies.
My Lord,
Bombay, September 3, 1845. DESIROUS of placing immediately before your Lordship, the accom- panying paper of "Points for the consideration of Her Majesty's Government on the British Position in China," previous to the evacua- tion of Chusan,-and of sustaining those points, as they can only effectually be done verbally,-I closed my accounts for the half-year ending 30th June last at Hong Kong, and embarked in the fastest sailing vessel in China for Bombay, hoping to reach the mail steamer departing thence for Suez on 27th August.
In this I am disappointed, after considerable labour and expen se, the mail steamer having left this four days before my arrival here.
I deem the obtainment of Chusan of so great national importance, on political, commercial, financial, and religious grounds, and the recti- fication of our position in China (at Canton especially), of such moment previous to February next, that I am resolved to proceed through Persia, or by any route which will enable me to reach England before final orders have been issued by Her Majesty's Government for the evacuation of Chusan.
I therefore beg to transmit these "Points," and the appendices, to your Lordship by post, lest any accident befal me; and I venture to express a hope that the facts I have adduced therein, as well as my previous reports on Hong Kong, on Chusan, and "Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China," may be found suffi- cient to authorize Her Majesty's Government to hold Chusan, if only for a time, and to prevent, if possible, the French occupying that island, which intention I heard confirmed at Java on the 6th August last, the French Ambassador having just then quitted Batavia for China. Perceiving from the public journals, that Sir R. Peel is much pressed for a reduction or alteration in the tea duties, I beg to transmit herewith a section of a "Commercial Report on China" which I am preparing for your Lordship. The section (No. VI.) relates to the There are some tables which "Rise and progress of the tea trade." cannot be completed until I reach England, but I trust the section will be found of use to Her Majesty's Ministers.*
* This elaborate section is now at the Board of Trade. March, 1846.
120
POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION
Governor Davis will doubtless forward to your Lordship the cor- respondence which terminated in my conditional resignation of the Treasurership of Hong Kong, in consequence of the Governor refusing me six months' leave of absence to enable me to lay immediately before your Lordship the information I had collected (after visiting every accessible part of China) on various subjects of great interest, especially with reference to Chusan, and to the large and unnecessary expenditure being incurred at Hong Kong and on the coast of China. I have only to entreat that your Lordship will suspend decision on the case until I reach England. The inclosed "Memorandum" of some of my services in China, although I was suffering during a great part of my residence there from climactic disease, will I trust be some proof that I laboured diligently to do my duty; and I can conscientiously aver that an anxious solicitude to be of some use to my country, and to deserve the support of your Lordship, has been the paramount and sustaining feeling of my mind.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN.
AMENDMENTS REQUIRED IN THE FINAL SETTLEMENT OF OUR AFFAIRS WITH CHINA, GIVEN то THE RIGHT HONBLE. THE EARL OF ABERDEEN, HER MAJESTY'S SECRETARY OF STATE FOR Foreign AFFAIRS.
London, November 12, 1845.
1st. A negotiation with the Chinese Government for the retention of Chusan, on the grounds stated in my "Minute on the British Posi- tion and Prospects in China," dated April, 1845, and in my paper of "Points submitted for the consideration of Her Majesty's Govern- ment," addressed to Lord Stanley, 3rd September, 1845.
2nd. A revision, if possible, of the 13th and 14th clauses of the Supplemental Treaty, which have prevented any native coasting trade with Hong Kong.
3rd. A declaration of the entire harbour* of Hong Kong belonging to England, and of the islands therein.
4th. An amelioration of the humiliating and comfortless condition of the British merchants at Canton.
* The islands in the harbour and those which lie around, commanding the island of Hong Kong, ought not to be left as neutral territory. Captain Haines, our able Political Resident at Aden, judiciously stipulated that the whole harbour of Aden, and a slip of land five miles deep along the harbour, should be ceded with Aden to England, together with all the islands in the harbour: and that the waters around, within reasonable soundings, should belong to the Aden territory. was proper diplomacy.
This
OF GOVERNMENT.
121
5th. A permission for British ships to load and unload at Canton, instead of their being detained at Whampoa.
6th. A permission for British merchants to visit the cities attached to the Consular ports; such, for instance, as the wealthy trading city of Suchoo, of which Shanghai is merely the port.
7th. The establishment of a Consular port up the Yang-tze-kiang river at Chin-kang-foo, or at Nankin.
8th. The abolition of the English prohibition of British ships or subjects going beyond the 32nd degree of north latitude in China.
9th. The formation, if possible, of a Consular port at the Peiho river.
All these points I am prepared to prove are of the utmost value to the British interests in China, and may be obtained by negotiation with the Chinese Government without any violation of the treaty of Nankin.
R. M. MARTIN.
[Inclosure in letter to Lord Stanley of 3rd September, 1845.]
POINTS SUBMITTED FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT ON THE BRITISH POSITION IN CHINA.
1st. An immediate negotiation with the Chinese Government for the permanent occupation or continued retention of Chusan, and for the improvement of our position at Canton, &c., on the grounds stated in the accompanying paper marked A. (See paper of "Grounds" A.) 2nd. A reduction of the civil and military expenditure of Hong Kong, and a simplification of its Government. (See paper marked B Government establishments of Hong Kong, &c.)
3rd. A revision and retrenchment of the Consular and Superin- tendency of Trade departments in China. (See accompanying scale.)
The "Report on Chusan" explains the grounds for the retention of that island; namely:
1. As the most efficient means for preserving peace with China, by reason of its central and commanding position near the Yang-tze- kiang river, the great artery of the empire.
2. As pre-eminently adapted for a commercial emporium by its contiguity to the richest and most populous districts in China, and by its proximity to Japan, Corea, Mantchouria, Formosa, the Loochoo islands, &c.
3. As a colony, whence the Christian civilization of England may by precept and example be extended throughout China; its salubrity, fertility, peaceable industrious population, various valuable productions, extent, and fine harbours, rendering Chusan peculiarly eligible for a British possession.
None of the considerations which render Chusan so eligible for an English colony apply to Hong Kong, as shown in the report thereon, and in the "Minute on the British Position and Prospects in China." Hong Kong does not command anything, not even the Canton river; it can never be a commercial emporium by reason of its un-
517
}
122
POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION
favourable geographical position, and the proximity of Canton and Macao; it can never be a colony, on account of its small size, rocky, rugged, barren structure, its insalubrious and depressing climate, and incapability of even producing food for its inhabitants for one week, it might be stated for one day, for our establishments, and its thieving piratical, worthless population, the refuse of China; and it cannot be made a fortification (even if England desired a fortification to protect nothing at the very extreme end of the Chinese empire), on account of the singular formation of hills and mountains, one commanding another, by reason of the proximity of the main land and of other islands; and further, from the difficulty, if not impossibility of keeping troops alive in Hong Kong, or, if alive, strong enough for active service: it would be absurd to create and maintain a fortress for no object what- ever. Even if Chusan be not obtained, there can be no justifiable grounds for incurring the present unnecessarily large civil and military expenditure in Hong Kong.
66
1st. This rock is no protection whatever to the trade of Canton; a stout frigate" at Whampoa, and a steamer off the factories at Canton, is a far more efficacious protection for our trade there than any garrison or fleet we could maintain at Hong Kong. The present position of the British representative and merchants at Canton, is in several respects worse than before the war: notwithstanding the large fleet and force we have at Hong Kong, our Consular establishment and merchants are subject to insult and even to violence if they move out of their houses, as recently shown; and in fact there is more freedom and respect for British subjects at any other of the Consular ports than at Canton, from whose city we are still debarred even entrance.
The
During the last three years, there have been frequent disturbances, tumults, and conflagrations affecting the life and property of Europeans, without the Cantonese caring about our position at Hong Kong. Americans have a trade nearly half the amount of the British at Canton; but they require no island like Hong Kong. The occasional presence of one of their ships of war at Whampoa, is their only and best support and protection. Last year an American brig of war, the "St. Lewis," off Canton, was more effectual in preserving British life and property, than Hong Kong, with a plenipotentiary, general, admiral, two regiments, and four ships of war!
7
2nd. In the event of another war with China, experience has shown that it may most rapidly and economically be terminated by a naval force; if it were resolved to employ soldiers, they must be sent from India, and any force we could keep at Hong Kong, would be utterly inefficient for any military invasion, or garrisoning of different cities in China, should, unfortunately, such a course be ever again adopted; but a few ships of war and steamers in the Yang-tze-kiang, would dictate peace in China, without even suspending our tea trade at Canton.
3rd. With regard to the protection of Hong Kong, should hostilities ensue with China, a local corps of 500 Malays and the "Minden" 74, moored in the harbour with one tier of heavy guns and a complement of 200 marines and marine artillerymen, would be more than adequate to resist any military or naval force which the whole Government of China could send against Hong Kong. And as regards protection against
OF GOVERNMENT.
123
any foreign power with whom England might hereafter possibly be at war, this barren rock by the above-mentioned force would have far more protection than Singapore, and other of our valuable possessions which have ten times the amount of property ashore and afloat to protect, that Hong Kong is ever likely to possess. There can therefore be no national advantage in expending life and treasure by the main- tenance of an European garrison at Hong Kong; and the island being as ill adapted for a commercial emporium or political position, as it is a military garrison, there are no justifiable grounds for the present unnecessarily large Governmental establishments; a lieutenant and colonel commandant, a colonial secretary, a recorder, police magistrate, harbour-master, chaplain, and their subordinates, would fulfil every requisite duty. Thus the civil charges would be reduced to a scale commensurate with the revenue, and by vesting a municipal authority in the respectable European residents, they would assess themselves, provide the funds for police, sewers, roads, &c., administer them more efficiently than Government could do, and avoid irritating petty legislation and interference.
The civil expenditure of Hong Kong, therefore, may be advanta- geously reduced from £50,000 to £12,000 or £15,000 per annum ; the military from £150,000 or £200,000 to £20,000 or £25,000 per annum; and the several million dollars now proposed so unnecessarily to be expended on civil and military works may be saved from utter waste. The Consular stations and staff in China, require revision in several ways, but especially in the expenditure; even if we keep open the ports of Ningpo, Foochoo, and Amoy, the Consulate and Superin- tendent of Trade department charges may, with advantage to the public service, be reduced from about £30,000 or £35,000 a-year, to £15,000 per annum.
It would be necessary to retain at Shanghai a consul, but at the other three ports a vice-consul at each would be sufficient, and the Superintendency of Trade department ought to be abolished, as its duties. would be more efficiently done by a consul-general at Canton, with a supervising control. The consular salaries would be defrayed by bills drawn on the Lords of the Treasury. All correspondence would be direct between the Foreign Office and consul-general. At Ningpo, for instance, where no English vessel has traded for twelve months, and there is not one European merchant we have had during the last year, a consul, a vice-consul, an interpreter (although the consul is a superior Chinese scholar), a surgeon, first and second consular assistant, &c. At Foochoo, where there is no trade, we have a consul, (a vice-consul is named to proceed there,) an interpreter, no surgeon (the Consul being a surgeon), and two consular assistants, &c.
At Amoy we have a consul, a vice-consul, a surgeon, consular assistants, &c. One efficient vice-consul would fulfil the duties, if there were ten times the amount of the present trade at Amoy. The following scale of consular establishment would be amply sufficient for our present trade and position in China:
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POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION
124
CANTON:
Consul-General
Vice-Consul
Interpreter
Two Assistants at £400 and 300 each Contingencies, ordinary and extraordinary
Consul
Interpreter and first Assistant.
Second Assistant
SHANGHAI:
-£3000
£2000
900
500
700
900
-£5000
1500
450
250
•
Contingencies, ordinary and extraordinary
800
NINGPO:
Vice-Consul, to be acquainted with
Chinese language.
with}
800
Assistant
300
Contingencies, ordinary and extraordinary 400
-£1500
FOоCHOO, as NINGPO
1500
ΑΜΟΥ ditto
1500
£12,500
2500
£15,000
House-rent, &c., for each Consulate averaging
£500 a-year each
Total Consular and Trade department
If the soundness and justice of these views and opinions be denied on reasoning and facts entitled to consideration, it is suggested that a commission of three disinterested men be appointed to report on the whole question, after examining Chusan and the Consular ports.
The expense of this commission would be trifling and temporary compared with the large and permanent expenditure now being incurred from the British Treasury on the coast of China.
R. M. MARTIN.
PAPER A, IN POINTS SUBMITTED FOR CONSIDERATION, &c.
Grounds and Reasons for Negotiation with the Chinese Government respecting Chusan.
1st. The spirit and meaning of the Treaty of Nankin, in accordance with the proclamation issued by Sir H. Pottinger, in the Chinese lan- guage, when entering the Yang-tze-kiang river, June, 1842, was, that the English were to have an island adapted for a residence, suitable for a commercial emporium, and as a security against future war. one of these three points of view can Hong Kong be considered; but they all apply to Chusan in a pre-eminent degree. It is not to be sup- posed that the Emperor of China, in ceding Hong Kong, knew that he
In no
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was giving us a mere rock; incapable of producing sufficient food for the sustenance of its inhabitants for one day; almost uninhabitable for men a brief period, by reason of its insalubrious climate; totally in- adapted for commerce; and by its inutility and expensiveness, affording an excitement to, rather than a guarantee against, another war.
2nd. The great distance of Hong Kong from the seat of the Impe- rial Government, and from our increasing trade and interests in the central regions of China, require our having a minister resident at Pekin, with an attendant ship of war in the Peiho, unless we had Chusan for our residence.
3rd. By the possession of Chusan fewer of our people would re- quire to settle and establish themselves on the mainland, and abundant scope being thus afforded for British energy, enterprise and industry, there would be no possibility of continental aggressions or encroach- ments, which is likely to be the case when the English find themselves cooped up in a small barren, unhealthy rock, without trade, and devoid of any of the advantages which render life useful or agreeable.
4th. The English are entitled to residence in and free ingress and egress to and from the city of Canton. This has been hitherto denied: neither are they enabled to dwell in cool, healthy places in the sur- rounding country, or to take exercise; but they are confined to a few feet of ground in the suburbs, amongst the lowest class of the Chinese, and subject to daily insult and annoyance. All this is contrary to
treaty.
We will waive the right of entry and residence in the city of Canton, in consideration of obtaining Chusan for our residence.
5th. The Imperial Government desire to restrict the residence of Europeans to as few places as possible on the mainland. In considera- tion of obtaining Chusan, the English might consent to retire from Ningpo, Foochoo, and (if necessary to the obtainment of our object) Amoy.
There are several other points which can only be discussed verbally, but it is confidently felt that if the above five points were properly explained and urged, the Imperial Government would cede Chusan to England.
R. M. MARTIN.
PAPER B, IN POINTS SUBMITTED FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT.
Governmental Establishments of Hong Kong-Expense and Duties, &c., of each Department, with Economical Remarks on Reduction.
1. ESTABLISHMENTS AND EXPENSE.
Governor of Hong Kong, with the title of Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, and Superintendent of Trade. Salary per annum House-rent, &c., averaging Private secretary's allowance
Total annual charge
£
6000
700
300
.£7000
519
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POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION
A barren, traffickless rock, with not 150 resident Englishmen *, exclusive of Government servants, totally devoid of agriculture, manu- factures or commerce, and with a fluctuating predatory Chinese popu- lation, does not require a civil government, at least on this scale. When the salary of £6000 a-year was granted to the late Lord Napier, as Her Majesty's representative in China, it was expressly declared that this large sum was allowed in order that the hospitality and rank of Her Majesty's representative should be maintained. It is generally known in China, that the present Governor is not spending the interest which he derives from the deposit of his salary in one of the large opium firms in Hong Kong.
A military or naval commandant (the latter preferably, as we must maintain a naval force in China) with £1000 a-year in addition to the pay of his rank, would be sufficient for Hong Kong, even on its present scale of establishment.
The duties of Superintendent of Trade ought to be performed solely by a consul-general at Canton. It seems unnecessary accrediting a ministerial representative to a court where we are denied access; but if it be deemed necessary to retain a British plenipotentiary in China, his functions and rank ought to be kept distinct from those of trade superintendency (which the Chinese hold in low esteem), and from the petty office of Governor of a place like Hong Kong. Most desirable is it that the representative of British Majesty in China should be a man of expanded and generous mind, imbued with true Christian feel- ings, trained in European principles of politics, and known never to have been connected with commerce. With such a representative, Englishmen might obtain respect in China.
2. LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE COUNCILS. The annual expense will be about
£1000
The application of the laws of England to Hong Kong, and the institution of a municipality for all local purposes, would remove the necessity of maintaining the form of these councils, which are far beyond the necessities of the place, and produce considerable discontent.
3. COLONIAL SECRETARY.
Salaries per annum
Contingencies, ordinary and special, about General Department, wages, &c. about
•
£3000 200
300
£3500
The present duties of the Colonial Secretary might be performed by any ordinary clerk. They consist of answering yes or no to a few
* There are about 16 mercantile firms (most of them agents or correspondents of English house), and their clerks: 1 English missionary, 8 doctors, surgeons, and apothecaries, 2 attornies, 3 proprietors of newspapers, 6 to 8 English traders, 4 English auctioneers, 2 watchmakers, 2 bakers, about 10 or 12 publicans, and a few in nondescript positions. Of the whole not 100, scarcely 50 have any property at stake in Hong Kong. There are several American and European foreigners.
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127
official letters on trifling subjects, issuing notices in the Colonial Gazette, and signing his name to a few papers.
If a Colonial Secretary be maintained, he might officiate (being a barrister) as crown lawyer, save the expense of an attorney-general, take charge of intestate estates, &c., sit ex officio as conjoint magistrate in civil and criminal cases, issue licenses, and grant requisitions for paying quarterly or half-yearly into the commissariat all rents from crown lands, market dues, and fees. He would also administer to a few intestate estates that occur, and he would submit to the home authorities the draft of any legislative enactments deemed specially necessary for Hong Kong.
4. FINANCIAL COLONIAL TREASURER AND COLLECTOR OF REVENUE.
Annual expenses of establishment Cost of auditor and his office
£2300 1400
£3700
The whole of this sum of £3700 to £4000 per annum, may be saved to the British exchequer, and without any detriment to Hong Kong.
A Commissary must be retained, and the pay of the colonial servants may
be thence issued on the requisition and certificates of the Commandant and Colonial Secretary, as was the case previous to my arrival in Hong Kong. The rent of crown lands, markets, &c., and the licenses, fees, &c., due to Government, may be paid into the Com- This missary office, on the requisition of the Colonial Secretary. was also done previous to my arrival. The disbursement of nearly £4000 a-year from the taxes of England may thus be avoided. I feel bound to make this statement, however much it may operate against my personal interest.
5. SURVEYOR-GENERAL.
Average salaries, wages and contingencies, from £4,000 to £5,000
a-year.
It is difficult to state the fixed annual expenditure of this depart- ment. There has been the most lavish expenditure on useless attempts to make roads, bridges, and drains, which a few hours rain on the precipitous hills have washed into the sea.
There are really no military communications to be maintained at Hong Kong, and if the inhabitants think roads can be made over and along steep mountains or through the sea (as had been done in Hong It would be Kong), let them assess themselves for the purpose. advisable to abolish this department, for so long as any part is kept up, opportunities will be created to cause work and expense. Anything absolutely requisite can be done by the military engineer it would be advisable to retain; the present able colonial civil engineer ought to be retained to look after the crown property, and to aid the municipality in the formation of their streets, roads, sewers, &c.
520
མས་ད ཡ
#
128
POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION
6. SUPREME COURT.
Average expense of salaries, contingencies, special disbursements, amounting to £8,500 or £10,000.
This establishment is upon a scale quite unsuited to a position like Hong Kong. Governor Davis said he expected the fees and fines would defray the charges of the department; they will not exceed £500 or £600 a-year.
With a few exceptions the civil and criminal business of the court has consisted of petty cases, which would be decided by the smallest bench of magistrates, or in many instances by a single police magistrate in England.
The formation of a bench of unpaid magistrates to act in ordinary criminal matters with the chief magistrate for chairman, and as a court of request for sums under £100 with the Colonial Secretary (a bar- rister) as chairman, would be an ample minor judicature for Hong Kong.
The Recorder at Singapore might have Hong Kong placed within his jurisdiction, and circuit made quarterly or half-yearly, as necessity arose, in the large monthly mail steam-packets.
The chief population at Singapore is Chinese.
Our merchants in Canton have long been in the habit of settling their differences by arbitration.
7. POLICE FORCE.
Police Superintendent, and Chief Magistrate, £9,000 to £10,000
a-year.
The expense and management of this force ought to be transferred A bench of entirely to the inhabitants assessed to a police rate. unpaid magistrates, aided by the chief magistrate and Colonial Secretary would of course aid in supervising the police. It is supposed there are 1,000,000 dollars invested in buildings liable to assessment. Many of these were constructed in the hope that Hong Kong would become a commercial emporium; and now that these ideas are proved to have been visionary, the value of this sunken property has been and will be considerably deteriorated; indeed it is rumoured that some houses will be left uninhabited.
Estimating the assessable property so high as 800,000 dollars at 5 per cent., this would yield about £8000 a-year, for which a large police may be maintained. Time, however, can alone determine whether any police will prevent burglary, robbery, and piracy in Hong Kong. Judging from past experience the countless ladrones of China having numerous and almost untraceable and inaccessible haunts on the sur- rounding islands and the main land, will ever render property insecure in Hong Kong; and now that incendiaries are at work, and they are organising in bands with fire-arms, it is very probable life itself will be held in constant jeopardy and alarm.
8. HARBOUR-MASTER, AND MARINE MAGISTRATE DEPARTMENT. Average expense, about £2,000 a-year.
So long as there was a large fleet, with transports and other vessels
OF GOVERNMENT.
129
rendezvous in Hong Kong during the war, the duties of this depart- ment were onerous and well performed. But now, when very few ships resort to Hong Kong, and the majority merely "look in for orders," the maintenance of an establishment on this scale is unnecessary. The duties of marine magistrate ought, as in other colonies, to be performed by the usual police and magisterial authority. The present harbour- master and marine magistrate has worked hard for nearly four years, and would make a useful officer at the Cape of Good Hope or Australia. His assistant is well acquainted with Hong Kong, Canton, and the neighbourhood, and if made harbour-master, with an efficient boat's crew, the charges might be reduced one-third their present amount.
9. REGISTRAR GENERAL.
£1500 per annum.
Establishment about This department is perfectly unnecessary. The registration of the Chinese inhabitants is a measure of police, and by that department it ought to be performed. The yearly census of the fixed inhabitants may be made in one week by the police superintendent; registration has not checked in the slightest degree, the resort of all descriptions of lawless vagabonds, thieves, and pirates, from the contiguous main land; neither has it tended to aid in the discovery of criminals or of stolen property, notwithstanding the large expenditure for police.
No fee is levied on registration. This £1500 a-year department ought not to have been created*.
Salary
10. COLONIAL SURGEON.
Contingencies, ordinary and extraordinary
Averaging per annum
£600
200
£800
The diminution of the Government establishments would require the abolition of this office.
The present and late colonial surgeons at Hong Kong, dearly earned their salaries, visiting the numerous sick in a burning sun, and at all hours.
The former surgeon resigned from ill health, being unable to sustain the requisite labour in such a climate; the persent excellent man is also much deteriorated in health, and deserves removal to some healthy colony.
Salary Contingencies
11. COLONIAL CHAPLAIN..
£700
50
£750
Within the last month this very department has been confirmed by the Secre- tary for the Colonies, and gazetted; although the above remarks have been in the Colonial Office for several months.-R. M. M. March 10, 1846.
K
521
130
POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION OF GOVERNMENT.
Peculiar circumstances rendered it imperatively necessary, that if any Government were established by England in China, it should be founded and conducted on decided and manifest Christian principles, and that an example at least should be given by those placed in autho- rity, to the nominal Christian as well to the professed heathen. from the very commencement of the Government at Hong Kong, religion in principle or in practice, in even its mere outward ordinary observances, has scarcely been a matter of subordinate or secondary consideration.
Alas!
The English missionary, the American baptist, the Italian jesuit, the Indian moslem, the deistical Chinese, have each a substantial and characteristic stone structure, for the celebration of the religion they profess; but the Divine service of the church of England is still celebrated in a mat shed, the chaplain is grudgingly paid a stipend of which a considerable portion is expended by him in charity and education, a small allowance for house-rent has been recently stopped, (it was even suggested that he should provide and pay for a clerk,) candles were denied for evening service, and, had it been possible, the pittance accorded for performing the rites of Christianity, would have been diminished or cancelled altogether.
A sacred responsibility devolves on England in respect to her colonies: they will be either the instruments of her prosperity and pre- eminence, or of her ruin anddownfall.
It is fearful to see how soon the best moral principles are oblite- rated in a colony where the Governors and those in high authority and position in society pay little or no regard to religion, and how quickly a virtuous and rightly educated youth becomes dead to every Christian attribute. Inordinate pursuit of gain, isolation from domestic associations, and the demoralizing habits of what is termed "colonial life," sap, corrupt, and finally destroy many a gifted and guiltless
mind.
Better for England to be deprived of every colony, and contracted to her own insular limits, than to neglect in the outposts of her empire those principles, and that Christian conduct to which alone, under the special favour of Divine Providence, she owes her peace and happiness at home, her power and prosperity abroad, and her domi- nion throughout the world.
R. M. MARTIN.
[A copy of this document was also given to Mr. Goulburn, at his request, 13th Nov., 1845.]
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APPENDIX.
CHINESE MANUFACTURES.
SHORTLY after my arrival in China, and with a view to the extension of our manufactures, I addressed the following letter to Governor Davis, to which his Excellency did not even deign to give me the slightest answer, verbally or in writing. The language which the Governor applied to the British merchants in China, forbad the hope of my succeeding in the object contemplated by further applica tion. The French and other foreigners adopted the very steps indicated in this letter:-
To his Excellency John Francis Davis, Esq., Governor.
(No. 37 A.)
H. M. Treasury, Hong Kong, Sir,
June 29, 1844.
WITH a view to making the manufacturers of Great Britain generally acquainted with the manufactures of China, I beg leave to propose to your Excellency that a sum not exceeding 500 dollars (104l. 3s. 4d.), be appropriated to the purpose of purchasing articles in domestic and personal use in different parts of China, for transmission to the Lords Committee of the Privy Council for Trade and Planta- tions in England.
Should your Excellency concur in this proposition, I would suggest that the articles be purchased in sets of six in number; one for reten- tion at the Board of Trade in Whitehall, London, the others for transmission to the Chambers of Commerce at Manchester, Birming- ham, Leeds, Sheffield, and Glasgow, or such other places as their Lordships of the Board of Trade may be pleased to direct.
The articles which I would propose to select would be-1st, materials used for wearing apparel by the lower classes of society in the northern as well as southern parts of the Chinese empire,-whole pieces to be purchased as made up by the native manufacturers, with the length and breadth, and the wholesale and retail price affixed to each piece, together with information as to the more or less general use of the article, the districts where it is worn, and such other details as may guide our manufacturers and merchants in the preparation as well as disposal of the commodity.
2nd. A selection of the materials worn by the wealthier and highest classes of the community; with the same remarks as in the preceding.
3rd. A selection of household, agricultural, or manufacturing arti- cles, where made of iron, brass, lead, pewter, or other metals.
•
4th. Domestic and personal ornaments or objects of general use, such as paper for walls, hangings, or tapestry, coarse or fine lamps, glass, armlets, combs, &c.
5th. Articles in general use for the junks and maritime population.
522
132
INTERCOURSE WITH JAPAN.
The effect of such a collection would be to make known generally to British manufacturers and merchants, the articles in demand in China, instead of this knowledge being restricted to a few individuals; thus the prime cost of the manufactures would be reduced, and trade promoted.
I venture to think that the measure that I have now the honour to suggest would be satisfactory to Her Majesty's Government, and indicate to the mercantile interests at home, that no means are neg- lected which may promote the commercial intercourse between England and China.
Should your Excellency sanction this outlay, it will afford me much satisfaction to carry the measure into effect with judicious economy.
I have, &c.,
R. M. MARTIN,
Treasurer.
INTERCOURSE WITH JAPAN, &c.
COMMERCIAL SUGGESTIONS for mercantile intercourse with one. hundred million of people. (Given to the Earl of Aberdeen and Earl of Dalhousie, in November, 1845.)
1st. An attempt to form a commercial communication with Japan, contain- ing about thirty million civilized inhabitants, whose Government, being aware of our successes in China, are now better disposed to enter into friendly negotiations with us.
Before this feeling has passed away, we ought to avail ourselves of its existence.
[I was assured at Java, in August last, that the Japanese Government were in expectation of a visit from the English, and that the Government at Jeddo would now receive an amicable commercial mission.]
2nd. The arrangement of commercial treaties with Siam, Cochin China, and the adjacent rich countries, containing an estimated population of fifty million, hitherto neglected. These countries abound in gold and silver, and are rich in valuable mercantile products. Their Governments have also heard of our suc- cesses in China, and would be disposed, under their present feelings, to admit us on fair commercial terms to their ports, which the Americans and French are now visiting.
3rd. The establishment of a Trading station (not an expensive colony) on the peninsula of Corea, or on Quelparts island, at the southern extremity of the peninsula of Corea. Corea belongs neither to China nor to Japan; it has a fine climate, good agriculture, timber, fruits, &c. ; it has a population of about twenty millions, and we ought to establish a commercial intercourse with them. A Trading post in this neighbourhood would soon produce commerce with all the large sur- rounding regions, including Mantchouria, Northern China, the Kurile islands, Japan, &c., and be an excellent station for our whaling-ships, or for intercourse with the western coast of America.
R. M. MARTIN.
LONDON: HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE.
AND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.
97
It is impossible to survey this vast territory, teeming with millions of industrious, skilful, intelligent, but still semi-civilized people, without feeling a deep interest in their advancement, and an anxious desire that England should fulfil the important duties so mysteriously assigned for her performance.
The opinions stated in this Minute have been expressed in different parts of China by men of far-seeing minds, engaged in various pursuits.
There never has been a question presented to my understanding on which I have felt a stronger conviction than that the evacuation of Chusan in February next, without any change in our present negative policy, will be the prelude to great misfortune, which we shall in vain endeavour to retrieve.
I have not spoken to one disinterested person in China--no matter his rank, grade or profession-on the contemplated evacuation of Chu- san, who has not expressed alarm or regret at such a measure,
and none more so than the Americans, whose Consul at Canton, Mr. Forbes stated to me that the American Government were very apprehensive of the French getting possession of Chusan, as it would be a prelude to political intrigue and disturbance; that he, Mr. Forbes, understood the French intended to settle on Chusan soon after we gave up the island; that he was of opinion there were some secret negotiations going on between his Excellency M. Lagréné (who ranks high as a jesuit) and Keying, who had offered the French the valuable and commanding island of Chuenpee, near the entrance of the Bogue, thuscompletely commanding the Canton river, but which M. Lagréné rejected, in the expectation of getting Chusan; M. Lagréné, indeed, remarked to me in November last, that Chusan was the only is