the decretary of State for India considers
that there are considerable advantages in providing mil
Overseas garrisons from the regular units of the Indian Army
in retation, sinew this will undoubtedly tend to efficiency
and will minimise the dangers inseparable from lecalised units,
He would also in this connection invite reference to the
opinion of the Commander-in Clief, expressed in his telegram
of March 14th 30. A/383/11 A.0.3 to the war uffies that it is
important to allow p oruits to enlist for particular unite.
Mr. Secretary Montagu has already suggested to the Gavern, ent
of india that in order to avoid delay in the resergnalsation
of the Indian Army it should now be presseded with provisionally į
on the aamuption that their sesond alternative will be adopted. į
Mr. Secretary Kontagu would therefore, be glad to
obtain the concurrence of the Amry Cuuneil to the aception
of the principle of finding oversena garrisons from the unita
of the Indian Army in rotation, and to the maintenance of one
training.
The Secretary,
Var office.
**rda - 16 matta? mvc và noter at katuszik ma I
atk peď saŽI BOUGH, Arue"
sobuco Llannoli para mil) to moltourvoini ude vot duarzo?
UTLEVEL ESTOČNO:175 #42k.p
354 Bout Ymangad 24 #8ime të meste net weld to Janjdun mit no
ADANANIN whtatic" bow stuwa kakainu HÀ GRATIO» tal «onțË? »*»
vat et be. CA
mail to stud,an sibai
AMAZOTOA
#tlour wifi Don'
training company equivalent to a donat, for each battalion
He would overseas at the expense of imperial reveELOS, also like to be informed what mater of units are likely to be required for the different garrisons outside India proper and Horma in the immediate future. understands that the ultimate mumber of units to be provided will be apɔroximately as in the attaqued table, and would
be glad to receive confirmation of thin,
A very sarly reply to this letter is requested, A copy of this letter is being sent to the Foreign
office and the Salenial Office.
14 10 246.on nibal A
[NETE NASYJE, #1 7 *** ** 1 BLOG TENTA
van stadigan and moth COLTEL, KOORTSTE
Jai, konan Lalə A
, Tom k‡ and as al
1*, {_{2}}: REGION A CE) ni tada ularne wit
mát te molnige
pun 2011 antaa te
Stains bi stiura u wcila už 3adreçal
kl* gemarela Wongwin per MIL, vabast
ORISEGNI by vơn hurts 21 2014 Batbruk
Swoją zake un pasa nimal Fart mulig, vaan vil se
a) Ilne vent edə bu
OL ST70 TUCTING AN
PYEN LEUKESES OL LUNTER DARINGER EWALT695 –
KÜL OLLTE**
(Signed)
K.1283/21.
ŠU VREDEŽe jud da RABOTOVO
than to go to Jane demoluż od ut veil omia
jody uk baruud bhe remote sibat
TOTO WAKEu seit Jant obnażwyebaga
14) SA: KA MA TÄSENMİzetrwa od ELIM
Po molto. Kuthus erieast #? haiž od
maan ei montaj mi to quad »
you: The Limfni wiờ basa soittu
COPY TELIGNAR FROM SACRETARY OF STATE TO VIDERUY
ARGY DEPART XIT DATED 18TH PAYWANY, 1923,
Your telegrar: NoTouber 2nd, 233, Foreign Office bafore agreeing to prunesale, which they regard with misgivings, ask for nomirance frem sompetent military authorities that troops are sufficiently reliable for erotection af Heitinh coumanities in China.
Army Council esanet agree to trying dangerOUS SKYETİRME E I
in overseas defended ports, But they are predared to seeept battalions with one Company Transfrontier Pathans se a start and insreasing wrevertion if found necessary subject to (a) any unit found unentisfactory to be replaced immediately by reliable Indiaa Gait (b) Inter
relief between maah. battalions.
Colonial effiss cannot agree to srandead oven on restricted vogle mentioned above and earnestly trust that none bat thoroughly inyal indiai troops will be selecteŭ för garrison duty in Par Kastam felonies,
In view of these opiniona i am not prepared to pressed further will preyoual evam in modified from suggested by
Aray Geuneil
LÄS MARCA,ET TIED
SEATV SA
ITALIAŻ TUOY
Received
GENT SSGATORvaa tut tea „EMALİVİŞİMİN
Viceroy, Azay Dept. ta
*. af d for India.
Delhi 18/3/21.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 a.m. 15th.
392, 12/3. Keference your telegram of the
somiat al # Mizan S 1#19ů to anti-Joz
Fentro ilDASPOŇ VOTA
ne iižje suvilatPad 3gsasa
BUITY#,#17 galwanzoal dus trata a sa
hape? #ima ger tað að ŽBA[fun
af optin tomad 1911h Istaajak
STULA Soruldama s Laes
Matter is uf such impurtene» that we läth ultimo, ka, 1075, mast press for reconsideration, mora oppecially as your decision appears partly based on misapprehension. sxeluding trans-frontier Pathans from the regular ArKY, beamuse of their desertions, which took place sham operating on the mertheJest Frontier of laula, and against kobam e dau
It is not saticipated that enemies in other theatres, toustations or opportunities woule be afforded to this class if quartered in non-aoslen mavirement, such as in over-squ stations mentioned in paragraph 3 of our telegram No.23,
This is borne out by the dated formber 2nd, († 192). behaviour of trans-frontier Pathaus in German East Africa
during the war, which was satisfnatury (? umission) enlisting
rior this clanu vere frequently quartered in these stations to the war, and so far as is knewu te un, no fears were svor entertained as regards their readiness to protect British communities. In fact, they afford a very valuable spuntar poine against the disloyal Sikh elment in Hong Kong gând Singapore who were proved in 1714-19 to be involved in revolutionary movements manating from United States of
America.
་ ་ ་ ་་
Akupator:
MAT:27 Asia.
** consider that in the veculiar sonditions which
obtain in (7 omission)»d oversea ts, and in China, they
could be absolutely relied upon, estesially if mixed with Hindus in awe battalion, te strongly urge reconsideration
of the oranesal to form these amesial battalions with {† eue)
and can odwmany of trans-frontier Tathaus in first instance, mageret as siternative for these garrisons, excent s increase to the infantry of the Indian Amy, mufficient to
The many objections
PATHY Zanyatel
admit of notezuary oversea reliefs.
to this last prunoeul „re detailed in
mo.ld, of 7ebruary 17th, paragraph 2.
-----------
as yous7qUL ISTE TU spa neonYTEK BOʻLYSTORE MUST OP
X. 2448/21.
anekivat pos al subalk
#tai Laktas. Intense cost mest að İzenwut: edi to
cat to sit at magát.
* La LTT CE
Jatitude enam ei
Jawurung DNA akad at
COFY TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO VICKRUY
ARKY DEPARTUANT BATEL 1373), MAY. 19.41.
I m AFLPA of 1966. Your telegræ of march 13th, 39 2. the special reasons for which you have decided to exelude
traas frontier Pathans from Indian khay,
Is it dot paunikie to provide Indina ¡¡arriqons for oveTÜRK cefended perte and China as apoosed te mandated territories from tagular Aty na bafura the war When no additional unite were necessary to provide reliefs shich apparently would not mešitut to more than two 231. battalions each yeaT. I bear in ŭlað recent debate in
Legislature on the subject.
RECENT 12.
netary for this metra klabLI
z Sâm dajesty'kn
sa the bottaakosa
TE LATEST JARE AN E
na lafantry ja
1... TAA
Tieerdy,
Ashy Dept. to Seay.of State for India.
6th May, 1921.
9th key, 1921, 8,9.M.
day then, alum la Law, a noiậ
*J NORGES #A BALIT kan al
motrena of ytasenumo draw at kura lanokti Ka
Jy Week 7 ma Alvas (1zostwo ma sakit.
First at twą Parts.
Your telegram of the 12th ultimo, 1966.
We agres, but ask for endurvenes an the fallowing pojLLERI
la what localities are garrisons required, ather than
in mandated territories? No muggest Colombo ens Battalion,
Malay States sae (Tawa)
and South China three.
five battalions, In addition, we are prepared to furnish two battalions for Aden and one for Parnian Splf. úrand total
eight battalions,
Proposed post-war establishment of indian Infantry is
100 active and 30 training battalicum. This provides for purely Indian requirements, vide paragraph 16 of Despatch ko.12 dated February 3rd 1921, ́ ́If we undertake to find infantry garrisons for overson stations as above, the number of units necessary for this extra liability must be in excess of the figuras given above, and all sharges in sonnection with them must
be met by his Majesty's Government. Unless we permanently
localise the battalions which fuzish over-sen garrisons, a procedure which is strưngly denresated, these unite met be taken in regular retation from amongst the setivo battalions of the Indian Army, excluding Jurkkas, They must therefore confom to our new organisation, and this aan ba dang in one or
two ways.
VAG VÊNI49 ***35*8 me
PRAŽOJĀRTOJ DefaaaaN Kİ hab Tak Lide7) vos cadatā gaiak
sul suo akan
Tuba mul suntfaltad much
andretta antazavi u bna stitne DJI
First alternative.
The extra unita which will have
to be malatained pa: be grouped in groups of four astive and
if edidit active battalions are requires
one training battalion,
as suggested in paragraph 1, we should form (7twa) groups, soỏ this will nossositate His majesty's Governmmit paying, la
addition, for two trmining battalions, which will represent
the depot (Taesabãi almant,« nassssary to maintain eight battalim
Astual east of at as establishment of Buu Indian ether TRAKE, tve training battalions approximately 7j lakhs yearly, plas
rent and upkeep of their barracks.
Va recogning that one administrative incunveniese might result from garrisoning Aden and Persian Gulf in manner
iddle proposed, minee theme kosalities will be under now Fast Deparment, and troops fez zmaining localities in mandated territories under this department may be organised on different basis, If this difficulty is held to be inmiperable,
wo would agree to (Tamioniạn) two {sia) providing five battalion nina sas training battalion for Delembe, malay States and forth
and South Minn.
#5269%Lubla
vildu 1 rødrum vnd
Kavitate memore set wawe 2.2L)
to pasɛxe mi se i on p1[24u25. madas aidd set pissesõva
* 1 1. Myitas
EKO ZAJE
imperiai
equld be mo
213 fuze
*TWO LIZE
DA #VLADE set to egoen al begOVER VÉ TEr berlasulam 92 at
be»«t»tet «*c***jaż skui statiaansen Like widt
vrata umlaud 28 3+ ing dalidatne na za
Viceroy, Army Dept., to Saaretary of State for India,
Simla, 6th kay, 1921.
Received 9th May, 1921. 10,8,8.
mate typegonal weitest-Laksam man fadi seikssay af
727, 6/5. Second and last part.
If these proposals are accepted, all Indian
battalions except Qurkhas will be on one roster for Foreign
Service, This will be popular with Indian troops.
jlevej patnimet es? squeez Sáu „dowtrezan kam
Dozaj mi pomiomimu?) of serga sivat be quéquiet wat melinttuð miðlant man mula
V met 6 16 jy dit foram da se u di ben de var der ved vag vin
La M&A Apoù bru
The second alternative is that garrison of
Indian treous for all over-sen localities including mandatad
territories should be found by adding one or more regular
active battalions to ench twenty Indian infantry groups and
to each three Pioneer groups, if Pioneer battalions are
required in addition. Any aneh battalians would of sourse
be extra to India's requirements, 120 Infantry and 12 Pioneer
battalions. The Increased Indian Army thus fumed, would,
with the exception of Gurkhas, be on ane rester for over-sea
To admit of maintenance of battalions serving over-sea
service.
it will be Jesussary to retain in India one training company for
each battalion so mplayed, the cost of which would also fall on
Imperial Revenues, The Personnel of these training companies
would be added to the strength of our existing training
battalions,
The tour of service over-son might be fixed at
say four years. If Cavalry are required for any mandated
territorie ve can mpply, but we shall require immediate
notice...........
CRAVETODİ
DRUZ Tumi ung buon
„SDIVERS
but do ad lave waistuð duetes epotie Naď
„TTUOI? andzuk a#bw maturaq si Lilm mid?
to menita, tact wå ov¿ðmstvěle Bacova sit
it DAN HARILLODA (@GIPTO LÄS TOY #TOE1) maibnI
as saiban d kovat ng ulanda UNİTABİYENT
ann papllett, TABLQİN Tİ LOquery trenoid sands dbas od
İLOM FILM in žad THE BRA, Vektibbe ni beskupen
astise, as it will involve modification of Cavalry reorganisa-
tion sehene already sanctioned by you, which is now being
setively carried late affect, and in case of the first group
of units, is nearing completion.
As regarde enlistment of reosgaised Transfrontier Fathans, we propose already to enlist squivalent of fire companies of this class in the 100 active battalions of the
Indian Army, if we are to increase Indian Amy by either
of the methods suggested in paragraph 3, and 5, we are
prepared to increase proportionally, the numbers of
Trans-Frontier fathast,
We should be glad 1o vary marly orders since, (1 as you)
Indi, am APA UBATE, we have at "resent many British officers, officers, snd Indian ether rank surplus to Indian Establishment
en proposed post-war basis, and we can arrange, if s
desired, to retain the necessary numbers.
on the other
hand, we demobilise all surplus establishments and are
afterwards asked to provide extra battalions for these
carrison dution, we may find it diffimit to raise then,
Proposals now made are at variance with the viere expressed in our despatch so,18, dated February 17th 1981. But we find from resolutions proposed in Legislative
Council and debate thereon that there is strung feeling
*albei vt atika nd
sioni boxASTORÍ SNA
-TOYO qut kareGT PLAN
7 05 Lam Jar Lapt
to the BT
nalism to nożżmoze ont di kw
„SOİTTER
List pal.
ce than edi bayólæn un mullatted Can
koľkýðuøb palaisti vasit to ImKIJANS #AT
Vanagare la bunul
run te diņDOSŠA KLÍ
Sabue ad Simon
“a boxið að tizim aeH-IRVO QUARTER to supJ DAT
antasy Tool que
ndathomul vzlupes ilede »w tuď vefięga mas se vsitolizm 2
in Country in favour of employment of Indian troops on garrison duty over-sea with Osveriamat of India's permission and subject always to the conɗjiion that no additional, skomake is caused thereby to Indian RevMENA DA. We also have maple evidence that opinion mangst Indian ranks of Indian Arwy is strongly in favour of their being given opportunity
of serving OTOT-202+
e a'aiend I'm J
ta va tade 2083 ti
PLATA Cel! te parent
Mutimate of India Troops which are likely to be
required for Üversen» Jarrisons in the future.
ke cality,
Cavalry Regts.
Pack Batterier Dayı
Lomaricu.
Mesopotamia.
Wgypt & Palestine
Black bes
mesording to
present prUGTAIN
4 If Track-
Jordania in beld
Hong Kong and
kalay States
Persian Gulf
lj as busest iɛ to
be held by Levier † Em. will probably be returned to India.
2 ha. for the
present, will probably be reduced to 1 by the soli weather,
Cat Back
HONG KONG AUSTRALIA
Foreign Office
FOR CIRCULATION :-
Mr. Grindle
Sir H. Lumbert
Sir H. Read
Sir G. Filden
Mr. Wood
Mr. Churchill
Previous Paper
Kong, misc (clms) 5 Dec.
Fawad (lly wees tidened line so note in ones) Sung 20 Copy enclas to Hi
4.0.50505/21
18 July 1921
Mest 19 JUL 21
money of Hugo Lorenzen
deposited with messes Jebson & bo.
hote from Wanish miniate requesting assistance in obtaining the release of
and enclosing certificate of Nationality to Statement of account with a request for return-
30230/21
Pustrali
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The liquidator's report doco not
credition of Jehmen
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steamens
(all Ganaman)
captains of
at the Treaty of Versailles does
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Holstein
$ fresume that
Danish nationality
fre bras acquined
being alitually unssident.
but nothing is
at Aabenraa (in Stemning)
wo to his having renounced any right
to ofit for German nationality
municating with fore
nenouneed any
we should be glad
cent showing
Versailles
nder the Treaty of
Will Samman nationality
information as to the
3962/41 Aust. exact lists under which
2001. 171019 Gp. 183
40000 5-21 W& S Ltd.
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20. N 7518/ 476/15
and address—
not to any person by name,
The Under-Secretary of State,"
Foreign Office,
London, S. W. 1.
He15 JUL 2"
THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his
compliments to
Colonies
the Under- Secretary of State for the
and, in transmitting herewith, by direction
of the Secretary of State, copy of the under-mentioned papers, would
be glad to be advised what answer should be returned to the
Danish Minister
Foreign Office,
Reference to previous correspondence:
Colonial Office letter of 10 en 1931. 628714/
Name and Date.
Description of Enclosure.
Subject.
Danish Minister
29 June 1921
with enclosures in
original for eventual
Release of
Sums deboorted
by Hugo Lorengen with
Maris Sebeen loy
Similar letter sent to
24-F.O.P. 6000 420 (2743 k)
The Danish Kinister presents his compliments to
the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and has the honour
in conformity with instructions to call Earl
able attention to the following matter:
Curzon's
Ruge Lorenze, a late ship mster, residing at Aaban-
san, who has acquired Danish nationality according to the ene
closed sertifionte, has applied for the sasistance of the
King's Government in obtaining the release of 5,11,373.57
with accrued interests from July 1st, 1914, which amount was
deposited by him with Xossra, Jebsen á Oe. of Hongkong es
per enclosed statement. The above-mentioned firm was liquid–
ated when the war broke out and its sarete sequestrated by
His Britannia Majesty's Government,
In view of these circumstances Monsieur de Oreven-
Curzon would kop Castenskiold would feel grateful if Earl be good enough to recommend this matter to the benevolent
consideration of the competent British Authorities and to
cause the ascompanying enclosures to be returned with His
Lordship's reply.
LONDON, June 29th, 1921.
16/35621/21
offiate J
The Under Sec. offrate Foreign Affire.
Bigg 240721
cong trong
Australia
& August 1921
I am ets to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of the 18t ult,
#/7518/414/015
11. Drain 2/8/21 f. forwarding a note from the Danish
Mr. Grindle.
Sir H. Lambert.
Sir H. Read.
Sir G. Fiddea..
Mr. Wood.
Afr. Churchill.
Minister in London
regarding
release of money deposited by bapt. Hugo Lovangen with mears Jebsen bo of stonghongly and to request you
to inform the marquess burzon of Kedleston that, before communicating with the Governor of Hongkong
subgier, Mr Churchill will be glad
to receive information
as to the exact
cercumstances under which leapt lorenzen
has acquired Danish nationality,
certificato shewing that he
has renounced any rights which he
possess under
may the Treaty of Versailles to
opt for German nationality.
from the returned herewith.
The enclosures to
the note
Sanish Minister are
Jan its.
(Bignas) 11. 4. HEAD.
HONG KONG
THE 21 UL 21
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21 JL 21
THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents bis
compliments to
Celoniss
the Uhidin Secretary of Stati
transmits herewith cop
Foreign Office,.
and, by direction of the Secretary of State,
of the under-mentioned paper.
Reference to previous correspondence :
Name and Date.
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When Refitus feking.
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14-(5080)
10000 12/20
Similar better sent to
Subject.
Resolution at the British
Chamber of Commerce ...,
regarding wireless.
[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]
CHINESE LOANS AND CONCESSIONS.
CONFIDENTIAL.
[F 1304/181/10]
[April 12.]
SECTION 4.
Sir. B. Alston to Earl Curzon.(Received pal 12.)
(No. 102.) My Lord,
Ke Peking. February 23, 1921. WITH reference to my telegram No. 521 of the 8th December last on the question of the negotiations which are now pending between the Chinese Government and the foreign cable and wireless interests in China, I have the honour to enclose a resolution regarding wireless, passed by the recent Conference of the Associated British Chambers of Commerce.
This resolution emphasises the importance of wireless installations from the point of view of commercial development and the views of the Chambers of Commerce will be of exceptional interest at the present moment. (Copy to Department of Overseas Trade}
Enclosure in No. 1.
I have, &c.
B. ALSTON.
Mr. Mackay (British Chambers of Commerce in China) to Consul-General,
Shanghai.
Shanghai, January 12, 1921.
I HAVE the honour to request that you will be good enough to transmit to His Majesty's Minister at Peking the following resolution passed at the recent Conference of British Chambers of Commerce in China and Hong Kong -
"That in view of the fact that the Hong Kong Government has approved the use of diaphones and wireless position-finders as used in European, American and Canadian waters, and intends shortly to install these at the approaches to Hong Kong Harbour, this conference is of opinion that China through the Maritime Customs should similarly install such aids to navigation on the China coast.
"Further, that weather signals and cable communications should be considered in connection with the wireless position-finders, more especially in view of the recent frequent stoppages of the Swatow-Hong Kong-Shanghai telegraph services, and that a suficiently powerful wireless installation should be established at Swatow in conjunction with one at Hong Kong at the earliest possible moment to provide telegraphic and wireless communication with Hong Kong and other places, which is at present inadequate."
As pointed out by Mr. Holyoak in his introductory speech, this resolution falls under four headings:-
1. The establishment of diaphones and wireless position-finders on the China coast 2. Increased weather signals and communications along the coast.
3. Establishment of increased cable services or a powerful wireless station at
4. Establishment of a powerful wireless station at Hong Kong.
It is unnecessary for me to enlarge on the urgent advisability of providing the additional safeguards specified under the first and second headings. Steamship traffic on the China coast continues to increase, and any measure that can be devised to reduce the perils of navigation in these dangerous waters must necessarily appeal to every one interested in the foreign and interport trade of China. I feel sure, therefore, that His Majesty's Minister will do what he can to support these recommendations, and will endeavour to secure the consent of the Chinese Government to their adoption at the earliest possible moment.
The extremely unsatisfactory position in which Swatow is placed in the matter of telegraph communications formed the subject of a resolution at last year's conference
[6061 m-4]
and it is regrettable that no improvement in this respect has been achieved since that time. The Associated Chambers venture to express the hope that His Majesty s Minister will continue to use his influence both with the Chinese Government and with the Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company (Limited), with a view to securing an early solution of the question, which, according to a letter recently received from the London office of the company, dated the 27th October, 1920, is at the present moment under consideration by the Chinese Telegraph administration
As regards the reference in the resolution to the provision of a powerful wireless installation at Hong Kong, the conference had the privilege of hearing from a naval expert a full account of the present position at Hong Kong in relation to wireless communications, and an explanation of some of the difficulties, financial and others, which must be considered in connection with any proposal to establish a high-power station of the nature indicated.
The Associated Chambers fully realise that these difficulties demand very aerious consideration, but I feel sure that I am voicing their views in expressing the hope that in deciding on the advisability of erecting a powerful installation at Hong Kong His Majesty's Government will not accord too much importance to the question whether such a station would be on a commercially profitable basis. In this connection I would venture to refer His Majesty's Minister to the remarks made by Mr. Holyoak in closing the discussion, and I believe that the delegate for Hong Kong had the full support of the conference in expressing the view that in the interests of his Majesty's navy and of the British commercial community in the Far East the provision of a pwerful wireless station at Hong Kong is a matter of vital necessity.
I have, &c.
EDW. F. MACKAY,
Vice-Chairman.
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the Undu Secretary
transmits herewith
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Foreign Office,
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Sir C. Eliot to Earl Curzon.—(Received June 2).
13 JUL 21
Tokyo, April 19, 1921.
(No. 184.) My Lord,
AN article having appeared lately in the "Tokyo Asahi" newspaper in which it was asserted that, notwithstanding the existence of regulations prohibiting the sale of the drug, the morphine habit was spreading rapidly in certain districts in Korea, through the instrumentality of Korean and Japanese druggists and hospitals, I sent a copy of it to His Majesty's consul-general at Seoul, with a request for his observations on the subject.
I have now the honour to enclose a copy of the despatch I have received from him
in reply.
In a supplementary private letter, Mr. Lay adds that he is informed by the Korean writer at the consulate-general that it is quite easy for Koreans to obtain morphine either from native druggists or from Japanese, and that, although the Japanese authorities punish heavily the buyers of morphine, they make no enquiries as to the sellers, with the result that the latter do business in almost perfect security as long as they pay tribute in the proper quarters.
To avoid misapprehension, it is perhaps advisable for me to explain that the term hospital" does not necessarily mean an institution of the kind with which we are familiar at home. It is the general custom in Japan for doctors, even in the remote country towns, to have their own private hospitals, which are really little more than nursing homes or boarding houses with medical attendance included, and a dispensary of some kind or other attached, When, therefore, the Tokyo Asahi" speaks of hospitals, it refers probably to these rather than to the institutions which we know by
that name.
(Copy to Peking.)
Enclosure in No. 1.
I have, &c.
C. ELIOT.
(No. 35.) Sir,
Consul-General Lay to Sir C. Eliot.
Seoul, April 11, 1921. WITH reference to your Excellency's despatch No. 11 of the 21st ultimo, I have the honour to report that there appears to be an increasing use of morphine in Korea.
Dr. Stites, who is attached to the Severance Hospital in Seoul, says that a growing number of morphine patients are received at that establishment, and he has no doubt that the use of the drug is on the increase. He thinks the penalties are insufficient, but finds patients very reticent as to how the morphine is obtained.
Dr. Ludlow, also of the Severance Hospital, tells me that his experience leads hiu to the strong conviction that there is an ever-increasing use of morphine in Korea. Only recently he visited Kunsan, and Dr. Paterson, of the American Presbyterian Mission at that port, related many cases among his patients.
I have also communicated with Dr. Maclaren, of the Australian Presbyterian
He is convinced of the increase of Mission, Chin-ju, and have just received his reply. the morphine habit. Since his return to Korea a year ago le has had not less than eight patients admitted to the Paton Memorial Hospital at Chin-ju for treatment, which is a larger number in one year than the total for the four years 1913-16.
that the Koreaus seem to be able to obtain the drug without difficulty as long as their money lasts. He likewise knows that Dr. Reid, of the American Episcopal Methodist Mission, Sougdo, has treated a considerable number of patients.
I have, &c
[6376 b-3]
ARTHUR HYDE LAY.
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Previous Paper
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no) svoda bi
HONG KONG
REG. 22 JUL
Political actuation in China
I pout of deep four baking (180 PALE!
The five promines actioned in pane S
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()(377303) Wt. 4710/10 Gp.108 4orpo '5-21 17 & 3 Lidl."
Constitute
vesy important
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China, but
Fed. Republic schauer whiche
one said to flavou
provincial particularism which has
Lithinks
Republican Chine
! Put by
inified system in
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In any lurther communication
on this subiect, please quote
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F 1945 /51 110.
not to any person by name,
"The Under-Secretary of State,"
Foreign Office,
London, S. W. 1.
22 JUL 211
THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents bis
compliments to
the Colous's
the Under Secretary of Stak for
transmits herewith cop
and, by direction of the Secretary of State,
of the under-mentioned paper.
Foreign Office,
July Jor
Reference to previous correspondence :
Description of Enclosure.
Name and Date.
Subject.
Life Reṭtic Belaing.
10 180 April
situation in
14-(8030)
10000 12/20
Similar letter sent to
[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government. 180
CONFIDENTIAL.
[May 25.]
SECTION 1. 36697
[F 1945/81/10]
(No. 180.) My Lord.
Sir B. Alston to Earl Curzon.—(Received May-2542 JUL 21,
Peking, April 1, 1921. WITH reference to my despatch No. 37 of the 24th January have the honour to report on the political situation in this country since that date.
As regards Szechuan, the return of the province to its allegiance to the Peking Government was only temporary. Hsiung K'o-wu, who refused to accept the position of Civil Governor given to him by presidential mandate, has nominally retired from politics, while Liu Te un-hou, Peking's Military Governor, was compelled to abandon his post on the 22nd February. Liu Hsiang, who now styles himself commander-in-chief of the troops of Szechuan, adopts a policy of independence, recognising neither the Peking nor the Canton Governments.
A similar position prevails since the 8th February in Yunnan, on which day Tang Chi-yao abandoned the capital, subsequently leaving the province altogether. The reason for this sudden disappearance of a military leader whose position had every appearance of stability was discontent among his subordinates at the absence of funds with which to pay their troops once the latter had been driven out of the rich province of Szechuan, Tang's successor, General Ku Pin-chen, entered Yunnan-fu city on the 9th, and assumed office without serious disorder or bloodshed.
In Canton province no overt breach has so far taken place between Ch'en Ch'iung- ming and the followers of Sun Yat-sen. The latter desires to compel the adjoining province of Kuangsi to overturn its present authorities, who are responsible for its resuming allegiance to the Peking Government, and to constitute a federal republic with himself as president. Ch'en is strongly opposed to such a policy, and as a consequence bostilities between the two provinces have not taken place, while the bad blood between the two factions at Canton has grown steadily worse.
Though Sun Yat-sea has no control and little influence outside of Kuangtung, the idea of converting China into a federal republic has steadily gained ground during the past few months and among its present adherents are the provincial Administrations of Canton, Yunnan, Kueicbow, Szechuan and Human. The change is one which might conceivably form a solution for some of China's difficulties. Unfortunately it appears that the provincial militarists who advocate it do so because it seems to afford then the best means now in sight of holding on to their power. Under such circumstances there is little hope that its introduction would be attended by any immediate improve- ment in the internal condition of the country.
In Hupeh the question of the Civil Governorship has been settled by the surrender of the Central Government who have now appointed a persona grata to the Military Governor. Their original nominee was unable during his six months' tenure of the post to occupy his own office, preferring to remain for safety's sake in the neighbourhood of the foreign concessions on the opposite bank of the Yang-tsze.
Turning to North China, the difficulties ensuing upon the removal of the late Military Governor of Kansu, reported in my despatch No. 29 of the 12th January, remain unsolved, but so far hostilities have not broken out.
At the moment all eyes are turned to Manchuria, waiting for the next move by Chang Tso-lin, which, there is reason to fear, may precipitate hostilities between him and his rivals. The casus belli cannot be foretold, but there are strong reasons for the belief that Chang is determined to reinstate the Emperor Hsuan t'ung. Apart from information reaching the Legation from more than one reliable source the following circumstances give support to this view.
The surrender of Urga to the Mongols, on which I am reporting separately, and the subsequent evacuation by the Chinese of Outer Mongolia, have taken place without assistance being given to his own countrymen by Chang or his subordinates, who alone were in a position to offer it effectively and speedily. Not only so, but the case of Baron Ungern who, with his Russian and Buriat troops, gave valuable aid to the Mongols, and was for months at Hailar, a station on the Chinese Eastern Railway under
[6208 36-1]
the control of Chang Tso-lin. The latter has advised that the troops of his rivala be despatched to lose themselves in the waste places of Mongolia; he has offered to send troops himself if the Government will supply them with funds and ammunition, knowing full well that this is impossible; but to all appeals for active aid he has been deaf. It is possible that his indifference to the fate of Mongolia may be based upon the knowledge that the Mongols would be eager to accept a reversion to their condition of autonomy as it existed under the Empire, though determined to resist strenuously the servitude which the republic imposed upon them as soon as it was able to disregard the provisions of the Russian agreements of 1913 and 1915.
A further circumstance confirming the information as to Chang Tso-lin's monarchical intentions is the fact that, recognising the impossibility of securing for Chang Hein the app intment of Inspecting Commissioner of Kiangsu, Anbui and Kiangai, in succession to Li Shun, he induced the Government to create a sinecure for that notorious monarchist, who was gazetted on the 26th January to the post of Director-General of Forestry and Colonisation of the Jebol territory,
In this connection it should be mentioned that Prince Tuan, the Imperial Prince who took in 1900 the foremost place in favouring the Boxers and in ordering the attack on the Legations, and who has since been in hunishment under the terms of the 1901 protocol, has recently returned to Peking. While it is not suggested that his return is connected with any pro-monarchical plotting on the part of Chang Tao-lin or others, the doyen of the Diplomatic Body has recently, with the approval of his colleagues, enquired of the Wai-chiao Pu what measures it is proposed to take to ensure the fulfilment of the terms of the protocol. From private conversations with political personages I gather that the Chinese Government will deny that they have given their consent to Prince Tuan's return, but it is certain that individual members of the Government have been aware of the matter; in March of last year Mr. Ch'en Lu, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, enquired as to the personal views of M. Boppe, then doyen of the Diplomatie Body, in the event of the return to Peking of Prince Tuan, but at the same time asked that the question be not discussed with the members of the Diplomatic Body as the Wai-chiao Pu did not wish to take the matter up officially.
It may also be well to mention, if only for purposes of record, that both in the province of Hupeh and in that of Szechuan bodies of ignorant men professing the "Boxer "
tenets of hostility to foreigners and their own invulnerability have recently come into existence; in both cases the authorities appear. to have succeeded in dispersing them. Such ebullitions may be taken as a sign of discontent with things as they are rather than as symptomatic of any widespread and anti-foreign feeling.
I have, &c.
B. ALSTON.
HONG KONG
R CIRCULATION:-
Mr. Bubett
Mr. Colli
Mr. Grindle
Sir H. Lambert
Sir II. Read
Sir G. Fiddes
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Previous Paper
70 36321
Federal Jet. Coy's Contract
with Chinese foot
Idi copy tel from Hit. Refire at Washingtar
? Put by
Dome fapt to re
#nel, to 5 Done Dom. No. 325, 11 August 1921 413041/
Subsequent Paper
() (877800) W1 4710/18 Gp. 163
40000 5-31 W&S Ltd.
Mr E. J. Harting
? Copay ence in Mist and in 36321) to Dans ref despatch of to May Dons No 207 Cof (24865 below)
& didintute copies dupy
(wrhout (well) res levers 9 23 May (24865) Bich (copies of both vice might be obtained from FO.)
No how to few
4V 61877
CRP 5/8/21.
||| 6/8/20
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l any further communication
on this subject, please quote
and address-
F24981 181 | 10.
wat to any person by stance,
"The Under-Secretary of State,"
Foreign Office,
London, S. W. 1.
THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his
compliments to
the Colouiss
the Under Lecretary of flåts for
transmits herewith cop
and, by direction of the Secretary of State,
of the under-mentioned paper.
Foreign Office,
July 22 2021.
Reference to previous correspondence:
Name and Date.
Description of Enclosure.
Subject.
hel. Itch. Repera
Washington
Federal Telegraph Co's
with the
Contract,
to 471- July 9 Chisses Your.
14-(5080)
10000 12/20
13) [ON TOQHT WAY. 4 105 17 13.TW
40000 5.21 W&H Ltd
Similar letter sent to
(† 3498/181/10.)
NO DISTRIBUTION.
Telegram 'on élair' İron dir A. Geddes (Washington)
No. 471.
9th July, 1821.
9th July, 1921.
10th July, 1921. 10. 40.
State Papartment to-day publishes text of note which
they addressed July lat to Chinone Minister here in reply to a neto enquiring chetier it was intention of American Govern- ment to withdraw its support of Federal Telegraph Company in view of proteata from British, Japanese, and Danish Governmenti Text of note follows, (Begins).
In its viØR
I have the honour to asknowledge receipt of your nota June 9th and in reply assure you that it is met the intention of this doverment to withdraw from position hitherts taken by is in support of the rights aceruing to Federal Telegraph Company under the contrast of January 8th lent.
the communications which it has received from the other
interested dovermente in reply to ita enquiries as to the rosscns for their protests to Chinese authorities against thi contract, tend only to confirm this Goverment in its belief that the adverse slain which have been urged as axeluding
the Federal Telegraph Company from participating with the Chinese doverment in establishing wireless communications are
founded upon nasertions of monopolistic or preferential rights in the field of Chinese Governmental enterprise which sannot be reconciled either with the Treaty Rights of American citizens in China or with the principle of the
Your reference to the principle of the open door afforda me the opportunity to assure you of this Government's
continuanoe/
esion edun 1 2947 #sehiểu,, yah-už dưw::
JOPIAN G
14310 # 3 cat) Devins
A LAGOS ÉL MA Hit omst
TRNAL MIASTOČNÍ
continuance in its whole-hearted support of that principle
which it has traditionally regarded as fundamental both in the
interests of China itself and to the common interests of all
powers in China, and indispensable to the free and penonful
development of their commerce on the Pacific Ocean.
Government of the United States has never associated itself
with any arrangement which sought to establish any special rights or privileges in China which would abridge the rights of the subjects or citizens of other friendly States; and 1 am happy to assure you that it is the purpose of this Government neither to participate nar ta xoquiesse in any arrangment which might purport to establish in favour of foreign interests any superiority of rights with respect to comercial er economis development in designated regions of the terrișegies of China, ar which might seek to create any such monopoly or preference
as would exclude other Tationals fren undertaking any legitimate
trade or industry or from participating with the Chinese Government in any category of public enterprise. (Ends).
en stad entire mLJE KATA) IN
gese wil to afetonSTN) Data Mi
17 Banka A AÐ
sinết nối mă singắn
=i Vaansibal bas, panlib si stawo
FOR CIRCULATION :-
Jr. Michett
Risley 5/8/21
Mr. Atun
Mr. Grindle
MEC 25 JUL 2!
HONG KONG
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court.
6. 1877.
Enquires whether it is technically still
Sir H. Lambert
Dit is ine,TID VOL
Sir H. Read
t dat must,TES COM da?-
Sir G. Fiddles
in force
• if no,
to wanitam
whether it is desirable
1. 式, misio ny kivides and Is
ve trowels 708
STO, Ut uta el GRIZZESTNÁ
Mr. Wood
Mr. Churchill
To $0: 20012, 26
Previous Paper
Subsequent Paper
(-) (377309) Wt. 4710/IP Gp. 183
40000 5.21 W&S LA
I attach copy of time in preshin
This Ordhans still in force in the lorry
in 1915 risincluded in the Index
Crous in force
of statutory Rules,
that year!
it is still so in force now.
we shmed
embody this in a
to Governor, a ask whether
maintain
this Orde
M: Kisly might reply
I than wether to
www uralkin
it is desired
in force.
MINUTES.
MINUTES NOT TO BE WRITTEN
ON THIS SIDE.
Foreign Offide,.
22nd Jugs, 25 HL 21
My dear Risley,
We have on the stock. here a consolidating
China Order in Council, which will repeal all the
existing Orders. It has been suggested that among these we should repeal an ancient Order of October
23rd, 1877, which seems to have provided that the Supreme Court of Hongkong nay ☆ take jurisdiction
over any offence committed by a British subject
within 10 miles of Hongkong. I do not know whether
this is technically still in force, or whether, if 80, it is desirable to maintain it, but perhaps you would
let me know. Of course, we will write officially
about it if you prefer, but it hardly seeus necessary.
J.S. Risley Eaq., 0.3. 2.C.
Colonial Office, S..1.
Yours surely
4.4. Kalban
for. Nubbs
38r. Harman 91872
Air. Beckett. 9
Mr. Grindle.
Sir H. Lambert.
Sir H. Read.
Bir G. Fiddes.
Mr. Wood.
Mr. Churchill.
70 37077/2
13 anys.
I have the hon. to sing. you
question has arreen
the O. in l. of the
the repeal of
Oct. 1877,
relatine to
the jurisdiction of
the impreme
over offences
committed
ten miles
tessitary
Portion onlyecto
force in
Thi's Order was
the Colony in 1915,
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of statutory
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presumably still in
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I shaved
learn, however,
to manutamin
«digned) WINSTON 8. CHURCHIL
LIC SERVIS FOREIGN JURISDICTION.
SUPREME COURT, HONG Kosa.
At the Court at Balmoral, the 23rd day of October, 1877.
PRESENT:
The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. Whereas by an Act of Parliament passed in the 7th year of Her Majesty's reign, intituled "An Act for the better govern- ment of Her Majesty's subjects resorting to China," it is (amongst other things) enacted that it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any Order or Orders made with the advice of Her Majesty's Privy Council, to ordain, for the government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the Dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within any Ship or Vessel at a distance of not more than 100 miles from the Coast of China, any Law or Ordinance which to Her Majesty may seem mest, as fully and effectually as any such Law or Ordinance could be made by Her Majesty in Council for the government of Her Majesty's sub- jects being within the Island of Hong Kong:
And whereas Her Majesty was pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, by Order in Council of the 9th day of March, 1865, to ordain (amongst other things) that all for Majesty's jurisdiction exerciseable in Chipa or Japan for the judicial hearing and determination of such matters as are by the 4th section of the said Chider specified should be exercised accord- ing to the provisions of the said Order and not otherwise, and that, save as expressly provided by the said Order, all jurisdic- tion, power and authority of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong exerciseable in relation to British subjects resident in or resort- ing to China or Japan should absolutely cease:
And whereas by the Foreigu Jurisdiction Amendment Act, 1866, it was enacted that it should be lawful for Her Majesty in Council, by Order in Council under the Foreign Jurisdiction Acts, to confer upon any Court in Her Majesty's Possessions out of the United Kingdom any jurisdiction which Her Majesty in Council might lawfully by any such Order confer on any Court in any Country or Place out of Her Majesty's Dominions within which Her Majesty has power or jurisdiction:
And whereas Her Majesty was pleased by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, by another Order in Council of the 28th day of March. 1868, to ordain (amongst other things) that in addition to the powers then vested in the Supreme Court of Hong Kong the said Supreme Court might have jurisdiction over and take cognizance of all crimes and offences committed by British subjects at any place on land being within 6 miles of any part of the Colony of Hong Kong, and not being on the mainland of China, and of and over all disputes and differences between British subjects being in any such place within such limit as
foresaid:
[Priced.]
2111-125-8,90 Wt 27846 D & 8. 32
And whereas it has seemed to Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to be expedient to revoke the said last-mentioned Order in Council and in extend the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong in respect to matters arising in the neighbourhood of the Colony of Hong Kong:
Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by virtue of the powers in this behalf by the said recited Act or otherwise vested in Her, is pleased by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order and it is hereby ordered as follows:--
1. In addition to the powers now vested in the said Suprem Court of Hong Kong, the said Supreme Court may have juris diction over and take cognizance of all crimes and offences committed by British subjects at any place on land being within 10 miles of any part of the Colony of Hong Kong and of and over all disputes and differences between British subjects being in any such place within such limit as aforesaid, and the said Court shall and may deal with, try, hear and determine all such cases as fully and effectually as if such crimes or offences hal been committed or such disputes or differences had arisen by or between British subjects within the said Colony of Hong Kong.
2. The said Order in Council of the 28th day of March, 1868, is hereby revoked, except for the purpose of completing any pro- ceedings, criminal or civil, which may have been commenced thereunder hefore this Order is published in the said Colony of Hong Kong, and any proceedings sa commenced may be con- pleted, and any sentences and judgments given therein may be executed, as fully and effectually as if this Order had not been Badle.
. The jurisdiction hereby conferred upon the Supreme Court of Hong Kong shall be in addition to and concurrent with any power or jurisdiction now possessed by the Supreme Court for China or Japan or any Provincial Court under the said Order in Council of the 9th of March, 1865, to deal with, try, hear and determine such cases as are herein mentioned, and nothing in this Order contained shall aftert the power of the said Supreme Court for China or Japan or of any Provincial Court under the said last mentioned Order in Council to deal with, hear, try, and determine the said cases.
And the Right Honourable the Earl of Derby and the Right Honourable the Earl of Carnarvon, two of Her Majesty's Prin- cipal Secretaries of State, and the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, are to give the necessary directions herein accordingly.
Printed by DARLING 80K, LTD..
T. DIGBY PIGOTT, Esq., G.B., the Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament,
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from BYRE AND SPOTSWOODE, EAST HARDING BIREST. FLEET STREET, EC, and
ABINGDON STREET, WESTMINSTER, S. W.: or
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FOR CIRCULATION ——
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Previous Paper
and 12 Ave
HONG KONG
26 JL 21
Tariff treatment of French Wines rspirits imported into thong
The copy have from French Ambr.
& enquires what reply
Copy to Gw IF conson that aft for referen 95% reply, promising further
receiving Cow's reply
Communication o
Subsequent Paper
(a) (377308) Wt. 4710/19 Gp. 188
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la any further communication
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No. W7793/7793/17
and address-
! Sut lo-
not to any person by name,
"The Under-Secretary of State,"
Foreign Office,
London, S. W. 1.
compliments to the Under Secretary of Stati for
26 JL 21
THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his
the Colonies.
and, in transmitting herewith, by direction
of the Secretary of State, copy of the under-mentioned paper be glad to be advised what answer should be returned to
French Ambassador,
Foreign Office,
Reference to previous correspondence :
Description of Enclosure.
Name and Date.
Subject.
French Ambassador
Tariff treatment of
Hemel wurneo
and spends imported into Hong-
Similar letter sent to
24-8.0.P. 6000 420 (27-K3B)
(7793/7793/17).
Le Gouvernement français a été saisi par les Associations
françaises constituées en vue de favoriser l'exportation des
vins et spiritueux de protestations contro l'augmentation des
droits sur les vins et spiritueux récemment votée à Hong Kong.
Le tarif a subi, en effet, les modifications suivantes :
Brandy et liqueurs
hisky, gin et autres
spiritueux,
Champagnes et mousseux
Porto, sherry, madère,
Vins ordinaires en bouteilles
Vins ordinaires en fût
Taxe de 1916
par gallon.
Nouvelle taxe
1921 par gallon.
6 portée à
Les Associations françaises ont fait remarquer à ongleur
Briand que le Conseil législatif de Hong Kong a délibérément
surtaxé les vins et spiritueux d'origine étrangère et surtout
française tandis qu'il réservait un traitement lus favorable sux
whiskys, gins et autres boissons d'origine britannique et de
consommation courante parmi la population.
L'élévation considérable des droits sur les champagnes et
vins mousseux est de nature à en restreindre l'importation; la
taxe sur les vime ordinaires sera également très sensible aux
consormateurs de Hong Kong.
Dans ces conditions, Monsieur Briand a invité le Ocmte de
Saint Aulaire à demander au Gouvernement britannique s'il ne lui
serait pas possible d'intervenir auprès des autorités de Hong Kong pour obtenir une atténuation des droits qui intéressent le
commerce/
commerce français.
L'Ambassadeur de France serait très
reconnaissant à Sa Seigneuric le Marquis Curzon of Kedleston
de bien vouloir le mettre en mesure de faire parvenir à
Paris une réponse à ce sujet./.
Ambassade de France à Londres,
Albert Gate Houar,
16 Juillet, 1921,
70 3718857121
12 Aug. 21.
to wak. the receipt
of you. er. W. 7793/1793/17, of the 25th
of July excessing
Mr. Harman 9/1
Mr. Bucketh
Mr. Grindle.
Sir H. Lambert.
Sir H. Read.
Sir G. Fiddes.
Mr. Wood.
Afr. Churchill.
2 anafto
a note from the French
relative
tariff treatment
to ring.
oprvite mported Suvirta
to request you
the Mary Canyon of
Kedleston that
the four of
arked for being asked
the matter
on the recup's of his
be addressed
(õlgnear the en
70 3718872
Hongkany
Mr. Hamman 9187m Mr. Beckett
Mr. Grindle.
Sir H. Lambert.
Sir H. Read.
Sir G. Fiddes.
Mr. Wood.
Mr. Churchill.
13 Ang is
I have the
how to trs.
in 37188)
2 drafts
a copy gambar.
from the French
Ambassador intermitting
refrexentations
recent increans
levied on
imported
+ to request
Hongkong.
CHURyan wile
181) WINSTON 8. CHUPyrom
on the matter.
A report
HONG KONG WEIHAIWEI
Pea AUG 21
President of China
FOR CIRCULATION :—
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Previous Paper
wei- hai - wei
2. copies of drops for leking covering Deeps pour Quant Geul, at bauten, ropy the mauguration of fun Yas few as tridunt
2. Svenile a to
what formed during his RStubbe visit to Aking if matter concerns $0.
A fine cause of
any way.
get stand in the Hongthong
ach wsay that first have enst
für E Stubbs exfort on
which bi Estil
Subsequent Paper
perand through Retting for the furfion If
suing to Jhusion, his that when it
Cecil we
will not fail to auf their mathers affecting milsen Wein
which may be reported on.
Ch all buttaritaty we
thall send them thes
7710/19 6p. 10
lefort a corning durch - but there way be pungente forces refering ouestion
MINUTES.
enfu about the
fivelamation italist to have been
issued by the Ithe fort, out as
to say with about at mid
baten it
El Know wonder
NOT TO BE WRITTEN
ON THIS SIDE.
In any further communication on this subject, please quote
No. F 2549/81/10.
and address,
not to any person by name,
"The Under-Secretary of State," Foreign Office.
London, S.W.I.
I am directed by the Marquess Curzon of Kedleston to
tranamit herewith, for the infomation of Mr.Secretary
Churchill, copies of two despatches from His Majesty's
Minister at Peking covering despatches from His Majesty's
Consul General at Canton on the subject of Sun Yat Sen's
inauguration at Canton as President of the Republic of
With reference to your letter of December 14th. last (59181/1920) regarding Sir R. Stubbs' visit to Weihaiwei and North Chine for the purpose of reporting
on the condition and prospects of the territory, I am to
invite attention to the opening sentence of the second paragraph of Sir B.Alston's despatch No.280 of May 24th. to the affect that the Governor of Hongkong visited Peking
in order to consult with Mr.R.F.Johnstone on the question
of the retention of Weihaiwei, and to state that Lord Curzon would be glad to know, if the matter concems this office in any way, what passed during Sir R. Stubbs' visit
to Peking.
The Under Secretary of State,
Colonial Office.
Your most obedient,
humble Servant,
1. Belleday
(F 2513/81/10.)
Enclosure in leking Respatch. No. 274 of 21 thay.
H.B.N. Consul-General,
3 copies.
enclosure.
May 4th, 1921.
Inauguration of Sun Wen as Fresident.
After having been elected President of the Republic of China on April 7th, by the votes of 218 members of the Rump Parliement out of 222 present, Sun Sen - more commonly knows as Sun Yat sen was yesterday sworn in and assumed office. So soon as this had taken place his Foreign Minister, Dr. Wu Ting fang, forwarded me the accompanying Presidential manifesto addressed to the Foreign Powers.
After a military parade, consisting of no large number of troops, a reception was held about noon, which was attended by numerous Chinese and not a few foreigners, including my Japanese colleague in plain clothes.
The Civil
Governor Ch'en Chiung-ming and his officers walked in and walked out again, and neither Mr. Tang Sheo yi nor General Tang Chi ya were present. The Chinese attendance is described to me as having consisted mainly of returned students and emigrants, large numbers of whom came up from Hongkong. The older and the more substantial elements of
local Chinese society stayed away.
The demonstrations of public rejoicing, which were
to a great extent factitious, were considerably interfered for with by rain, but I am told that the stage management purposes of propaganda was excellent, and that the cinemato-
In view of the graph operators were kept extremely busy. use which is likely to be made of these pictures, it can not be too strongly emphasised that these demonstrations were not
Sir Beilby F. Alston, K.C.M.O.,
His Majesty's Minister,
spontaneous/
and, except, in so far as the labour guilds are concerned, were in no sense representative of the feelings of the populace at large. The enormous crowds in certain streets were of course reinforced by countless visitors from the
sober public country anxious to see the sights, but opinion viewed the proceedings with a contemptuous
indifference and rightly or wrongly gives the President one
of office.
at the outside
I have, etc.,
(Signed) J.F. JAMIESON.
Consul-General.
Enclosure in Mr. Jamieson's despatch No. 31. of May 6th, 1921.
Minister for Foreign Affairs, Canton, to H.M. Consul-General,
THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
May 5th, 1921.
I have the honour to transmit to you herewith a copy
of the Manifesto addressed to the foreign Powers by His Excellency Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the President of the Republic of China, on his assumption of office, with the request that the same be communicated to your Minister for the
information of your Government.
I have, etc.,
(Signed) Wu Ting fang.
Minister for Foreign Affairs.
Dr. J.W. Jamiesen,
H.B.M. Consul General.
THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA.
The President's Office.
MANIFESTO TO FOREIGN POWERS.
During the last four years the patriots of China have been waging a war against the militarists and traitors of the country for the cause of constitutional government
It has been no war bet- and for national existence itself. ween the North and South of China, but a struggle between militarism and democracy, between treason and patriotism. That the people in the North are sympathetic to the purposes and aims of the South has been demonstrated by the fact that they have spontaneously organised demonstrations and boycotts for the same purposes and aims.
The Government at Peking has lost the last vestige of its control over the provinces, even those nominally within its jurisdiction, where the military satraps are plundering
It has even to take the people and ruining the country. order from them. These militarists wage war
One of them has themselves in the struggle for power. lately gone to the extent of traitrously leaguing himself with Russian monarchists and aiding and abetting them to While the Peking Government is attack and capture Urga. fast crumbling from sheer hollowness, foreign domination threatens to spread from the North to the South. existence of China as a nation is in jeopardy.
Since the unconstitutional dissolution of the National Assembly in June 1917, no de jure government has existed in Peking. New election laws may have been made and new National Assemblies may have been elected but they all
Confirmation of this view has come from lack legal basis.
an unexpected quarter, from Hsu Shihcheng himself, when he issued an order in October last for the holding of a
general/
general election based not on the new election law, which is incompatible with his claim to the Presidency. extraordinary spectacle is thus presented of the self-styled President of the Republic confessing that he has no legal
right to that title.
Thus, in this hour of crisis when national existence itself is imperilled there is in Peking no government which is legally constituted or able to discharge the functions of government. Under these circumstanea, the National Assembly, the only body of legally elected representative8 of all the provinces and territories of the country, established a formal government and has elected me to be the President of the Republic. Being the founder of the Republic, I cannot afford to see her in danger without
Having been summoned once making an effort to save her. before in 1911 to the Presidency from which I resigned after
a short tenure in order, as I thought to bring about unity in the country, I intend now to do all in my power to discharge these duties and functions honestly, faithfully and to the satisfaction of my fellow citizens.
As the National Assembly which has elected me represents the whole country irrespective of North or South, so it shall be my first endeavour to unite all the provinces and territories of the Republic under one government which shall
The legitimate rights of be progressive and enlightened. foreign Powers and their nationals, duly acquired by treaty, contract, or established usage, shall be scrupulously respected. The vast resources of the country, natural and industrial, shall be developed so that the whole world Buffering from the disastrous effects of long years of war will be benefited. For this purpose foreign capital and expert knowledge will, in pursuance of the open door policy be welcomed. There is little doubt that, with the Southern Provinces enjoying good government and prosperity under an honest administration and a constructive programme,
OR BAGLAIVED P
other provinces will be only too ready to throw off the yoke of militarism and misrule and, acknowledging the authority of this government, bring about the much desired unification of
the country.
I believe my task is lightened by the fact of the illegality and incompetency of the Peking Government. Government is not recognised by the Chinese people themselves; it is being propped up solely by the fact of its possession of the historic capital of the country and its consequent
I appeal to the Governments recognition by the Foreign Powers.
of the Friendly Powers to withdraw recognition from a soi disant Government which is avowedly not de jure and which is proving itself not even de facto and, in the same manner in which they recognised the Republic's Government formed by the National Assembly in 1913, accord recognition to this Government formed now by the same Assembly, as the only Government of the Republic.
Actuated by no desire of selfish gain but by the sole
the Republic to the best of their ability, motive of serving
the members of this Government represent those ideals and those principles which, if the Republic is to survive and take its rightful place in the Family of Nations, as they firmly believe she will, must necessarily triumph; viz., Liberalism, Constitutionalism, and Devotion to the Common Weal.
MIMISTOT
COMPLEME
Pampering ni ilin gabe soak sa
vi wando ■ AMOLİNÇ ..
Canton, 5th May 1921.
Signed SUN YAT-SEN,
to motyw C 120 WOT.'*
DOUGL BLOLTHGOZ "TTÍ PS
To ytime. The su
The -içme on boa ertzaal fla
to noitesilitr
128 (JROREovog klud
My Lord,
British Legation, 203
May 24th, 1921.
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With reference to my denpatch No.274 of the 21st instant
I have the honour to transmit herewith copy of a further despatch
from His Majesty's Coneul General at Canton on the subject of a
notification issued by the Hongkong Government in connection with
the inauguration of “un Yat Sen as President of the so-called
a tom yios7, va el ati W JAKZI›vod zmnell
1. juan otpet så arve dan 220738 salverg
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•-sol monetab not of noiĴOVA LOS (Lullañoisutteenot
**OLE-PAY HIR
Military Government of the South on the 5th of May,
I have réu
quested Fr. Jamieson to furnish me with a copy of the Chinese
version of this notification, and I am hoping to learn shortly the
· result of the enquiry which he has adúressed to the Government of
Hongkong-
An regarde the visit of Sir R. Stubbs to Peking, the
Foreign Office in aware from the Colonizl Office's latter of the
14th of December lest, copy of which was enclosed in Your LordshipW]
despatch No.2 of the let of January, that it was to consult with
xr. (P_{n}
Johnstone on the question of the retention of the leased
territory of Weihaiwei. During His Excellency's stay with me,
e Right Honourable
X.G The Karl Curzon of Kedleston,
OFFICE ·
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I am not aware of any political or commercial matters having been
discussed by his with the Chinese Government or individuals.
I have the honour to be,
with the highest respect,
My Lord,
Your Lordship' a most obedient,
himble servant,
aidaman nak #Har
„Kodanibox lo oogma Ísan sắt
(sd) B. Alston.
. . (ba)
guration of Sun Yat sen i anti-Ari tină feeling in Canton due fo xong Govt,notifications to Pres.
H.Consul-General, Canton,
H.M.Minister, Peking.
TO LASAATLE
yon to wrawn. Tout es
Confiantes
3 copies.
H.B.M.Consulate-General,
May 17th, 1921.
d enclosures,
I have the honour to report that a stronį, ware of anti- British fenling would, for the moment, appear to de surging through Canten, as the result of a notifiŝation issued by the Hon Xong Government in connection with the inauguration ceremonion of May 5th, when isun Yat cm formally assumed the
office of President,
In terms of this notice Chinese sitisena in the Colony were informed that they would not be allowed to organisa aelebratione in honour of the event, and were vamed against subscribing money towards losal celebrations, which incident ally I am informed, gent $500,000,00,
In addition to the English version thereof, a copy of a Chinana version, purporting to emanate from the offion of the Secretary of Chiners Affairs, was handed to me by one of the fecretaries of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs, with a 2* quest from the Vice Minister that I make enquiries an to its authenticity, it being incredible that a friendly Goverment
could have made use of terms as offensiva.
I passed this
enquiry on to Hongkonɛ, but am so far without a reply, ię certainly desirable that some repudiation be fortheening, na even the head-writer of this Consulate-General, who has 35 years' service and cordially detests the Kuo min Tang and
Sir Beilby F.Alston, K.C.M.G..
His Hajesty's Yinister,
Naqas në THAZAL »
catda 10 Avenİ Kİ
mt dan di Juose pat tadź bormoni MTVA.
TASTAR to noemen ok proklandsdsu.
ite works, considers the language uncalled for, an opinion
in which I must confess I donour,
"hê kuo min Tang sagerly availed itself of the opportunity
stir up popular opinion and -mlist it on ita side, and as
17 be saan from the enclosed copy of the "Canton Times" they
ře not been without suoraan,
Simultaneously with this agitation there has arisen a crop
rumours, with regard to the visit paid to Paking by His Tx-
linney the Governor of Hongkong, of which a full sustɛRTY LE
im in the leading article of the sane journal. Reuter's
mrag Borrakpondent, who is very friendly towards us, came to
me yesterday and asked me if I would give an official dementi [reof, as they were und subtedly creating much hostile commerĖ. jeplied that they were preposterous, but that I was not in a
bition to ́urnish him with an official denial, am in the first
hen I could have no relations with the press, that is the jond place I was in entire ignorance of the purposes of Bir
Itubba' journey and that in the third place, were I attempt contradict all the misstatements which appeared tissada, I uld have no time laft wherein to carry on my ordinary duties,
I learn this morning that an official protent by the Govern- it of Kuangtung is likely to be addressed to me shortly.
I have the honour to be,
110 m ŠTAPATÞAÐ sát
DIPOLE I NA sau atam ovul blues
Your most obedient,
humble servant,
J.W.JAMTBISON,
Consul-General,
olesura xe, 1 in Kr. Janieannta Xo. 33 of May 12th,
Arast from The South China Morning Post of Hongkong Key 7th, 1921
PROPAGANDA
Acting upon the instruptiong of the officer Administering the bremret, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs has issued a moti- loation to this effect:-
"Whereas of late some unecrupulous and senseless peo- ple are cellecting subscriptions in Hengkeng en behalf of Sun Wen (Sun Yat sen) the inhabitants of the Colony are hereby informed that such subscriptions are not for any official public lean and will eventually boosre null and void. Besides, the Government established by Sun Wen is in an extremely embarrnaned position and is in imminent
It is therefore difficult to expect danger of bankruptcy,
that it will be able to repay loans.
This notification
is so that the inhabitants may not be deceived and troubles
may not be caused among them,
Dated Jay 6th, 1921,*
XES TO: 15.
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holosure 10, 8 in Mr. Jamieson'■ No, 33 of Hay 12th, 1921, 208
EXTRACT FROM CANTON TIMES May 12th, 1921
Proclamation Of Hongkong Government A Blessing In Disguise?
Instead of injuring the faith of the Chinese people toward the Chinese Government established in Canton, the proclamations issued by the Secretary of Chinese Afairs at Hongkong, forbidding the Chinese residents in the Colony to celebrate the day of President Sun Yat-sen's inauguration and to subscribe toward whatever loans that may be floated by the Government at Cauton, besides inviting the bitter feelings of the Chinese people everywhere, also prove to he a stimulent to the people to give their undivided support to the newly established Government.
Meetings of all classes of people have been held to discuss means with which to enlighten the Hongkong officials of the grave mistake which they made in issuing such ridiculous proclamation".
While the particular proclamations issued by the Hongkong Government have been the direct cause which aroused the indignation of the Chinese, other reported diplomatie negotiations of the British Govern. ment concerning Kwangtung province that are not favorably regarded by the Chinese,
little DO attention in the minds of the Chinees people at present and the veruscular press are buay reminding the people o the dangers of such British negotiations,
Petitions and circular telegranis from the different organisations have been sent broadcast throughout the country awakening the Chinese tof the dangers of what the vernacular British encroach- press consider ment. The report of the attempt to secure concessionsin Whampo wirl Tungkoop, and the negotia. tions for the covelusion of the Cassel collieries contract is being constantly repeated in the papera and no attempt is being taken to conceal the bitterness of the people, as expressed in the wordings of these petitions and telegrama.
That intelligent Britiebers are not quite pleased with the proclamations
Affairs can be seen in a report that A certain influential Britieber in • Capton even remarked that the isauance of the proclamations by the secretary of Chinese Affaire at Hongkong is nothing but a Jumour circulated by the Chinese in Canton. It is evident that this gentleman is trying to give the impression that no such proclamatione were issued. The fact that such proclamations had been issued can be verified by the fact that the text of at least one proclamation, urging the people not to subscribe to loans of the Government in Canton, had appeared in the one of the Hongkong dailies.
I STUBOLOR
MMIT NRHAD HORN
halosure Xo, & in Kr. Jamieson's No. 33 of Hay 12th, 1971,
EXTRACT FROM CANTOH TIMES Hay 12th, 1921,
British Goverment To
Relinquish Weihaiwei For Whampao In Kwangtung?
A report in the vernacular press sintee that negotiations are going ou between the British diplomats and the Peking Government to have the British concession of Weihaiwei re- turned to China and in exchange for which, the Peking Government is to grant the British the right to extend the oncession from Kowloon to Whampao in the province of Kwang. tung. Another request of the British says the report, is that the Peking
• Government should recognise the Cazdeli collierice contract made with Mu Yung-hain, the discredited Kwangei Tuchun of Kwangtung Continuing, the report states that the Peking Government is willing to grant all these concessions provided Hoogkoog will aid warlord Lu Yung. ting of Kwangsi in the campaign to drive out the present authorities in Canton. A telegram is reported 10 have been sent the Kwangei Warlord to the effect that foreign aid is forthcoming and he is urged to start the campaign against Kwangtung immediately. The intention of the Hongkong Government to extend the concession to Whampao ia to [convert that place into a great treaty Port which embracing Hongkong will wield considerable influence to the development of British trade in Sonth China,
The vernacular press further states that so great is the anger of the Chinese at these reports that come Chinese urged a general boycott of the part of Honkong sc paralyze the commerce of the British Colony.
No.4 Enclosure in Mr. Jamieson's No. 33 of ay 12th, 191
EXTRACT FROM CANTON TIMES May 12th, 1921.
A Crop Of Rumours.
The sudden departure of the Hong kong Governor for the north on a fast warship, and his subsequent arrival in Peking about the same time as Sir Robert Ho Tung reached there, has given rise to a crop of rumours that will not down. The
Other Chinese Comments.
THE PUNITIVE EXPEDITION
TO THE SOUTII,
(Shen Chow Jih Pao.) Warlord Two Kun and Warlord Chang Tsu-lin have declared in favour of a punitive expedition to the South to put down the new government of the South with Dr. Sun Yat-sen as its newly elected president. The scheme is to send Northeru troops vis Kiangan and to use the troops for reinforcing the troops to he despatched by Fukien and Kiangai for participation in the expedition. Without commenting on the wisdom or folly of the measure contemplated, let us express the firm opinion that this campaign will be bound to end in complete failure.
Why has the state of belligerency fact that the Hongkong Governor and between North and South
rumours.
Sir Robert Ho Tung were entertained suspended by Peking and Canton? Has together by Hau Shib-chang basa atste of mutual understanding been added considerable zest to these arrived at? The two sides gave up lighting because each realised from The rat rumour has it that experience its lack of the needed Governor Stubbs made his trip to resources to bring the campaign to a Peking in the interest of the British successful issue. In suddenly deciding Syndicate headed by Major Cassell, on the measure of suppressing the aud in connection with the Casseli new movement in Kwangtung, on Coal Mining Contract, Under a what new sources of military powera clause in that document, it is do the warlords depend? What are necessary for the British Syndicate the untapped veins of offensive to obtain the approval of the Peking strength? Government before the terme of the The warlords of the North do not contract can come into effect. It is seem to realise that they have known that Major Cassell failed to get not yet established a spirit of this approval when he went up mutual trust between themselves and to Peking last year. Governor the militarists of Central and Stubbs, so the Chinese believe, Southern China. The idea of sending has now offered Hau Shih-chaug Northern troops through Kiangsu a quid pro que for his official territory will certainly not be toler sanction to this outrageous agreeated by the Tuchun of Kiangau. Inent. In exchange for Pekings Tuchun Li Hou-chi of Fakien has, approval, the Hongkong Government since last year, been reported as is reported to have agreed to re- being in secret alliance with the cognize the "paper unification Military fiovernment or carrying on mandate". So far as Hongkong is negotiations with this end in view. concerned, this arrangement would The attitude of Lu Yuug-hsiang, result in outlawing the present Tuchun of Chekiang, has been, as Cantonese leaders and would give has been characterised by the Peking direct British aid and assistance to politicians, "somewhat muddy." the Kwangsi militarists in their fight Under this clout of mutual listrust to return to Kwangtung.
and suspicion, it is humanly im possible for the militarists in Central and Southern China to how to the
Another rumour is to the effect that the British Government has
decided to return Weileiwei to will of the Northern warlords and
Chius on condition that the Houg to pull together in a joint expedition. kong Government will be permitted The wisdom of Dr. Sau in Laving to extend its boundary up to Shek- himself made president without lung aud Whampao shall be brought having first paved the way by nuder British jurisdiction. It is rallying around himself a strong maintained by those who accept this body of ataunch supporters anong report, that Hongkong does not the influential military leaders in the want Whampao developed into a port South, is indeed questionable and for thie would seriously affect the tempta one to ask: "How long will trade and commerce of Hongkong. the president sit securely in his Still another rumour which has presidential chair?" But the wisdom been spread in a vain endeavor to of the proposed punitive expedition explain Governor Stubbs' trip north, to the South is very much more to be attributes it to British concern for questioned. The whole situation is the construction of the ling proposed perhaps another trick of humbug on loop which would counect the Canton-the part of Chang Teo-liu, who Kowloon Railway with the Yuel-ban realising the infensibility of hta Railway. The British authorities "patriotic" canpsigo, made all the are willing, ( gues the rumour) to agitations for a farcical show, using finance this project and also under-it incidentally a 1 "feeler" for take the construction of the Yueh- ascertaining the attitude of the Fan live from Shiukwaa to Hankow.militarists in the provinces.
Oshere see still deeper political
significance in this much advertised trip. They conteud that Great as
our Hongkong contemporaries Britian and Japan have come to an profess to be. Some of these rumours agreement regarding their respective are receiving wide credence among spheres of influence in Chias the Chinese of Canton and Notwithstanding the opposition of Ilongkong. We do not hesitate America and some of the Dominions, to say, we believe Governor Stubba the Anglo-Japanese Alliance will be visit to Hsu Shili chang has some renewed. Great Britian, therefore, important political significance; but ngrcea to give Japan a free hand if proseed for the concrete evidence worth of the Yangter; while Japan up in which we base our belief, we will support British pretentions in enuhi uot give any. Call it intuition, South China.
deduction, or political sagacity, if There are other rumours too you will, there is something which namernus to mention. These vary convinces me that secret diplomacy is in range, from the perfectly innocent going on. Furthermore, we believe desire on the part of Governor Stubbs | Kwangtung is involved in the negotia- to escape the heat of Hongkong, to tions. Whatever it may be the the preposterous claim that Hongkong Cantonese lenders must be on their has aggressiva designs for the reixure guard. Recent official proclamations of the whole of Kwangtung-
issued by the Hongkong authorities
The CANTON TIMES does not swallow are proof positive that Hongkong any of these rumours, We are as officialdom is hostile to the present much in the dark about this atte: Canton Govcinment.
70 387387
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Mr. Beckett. S
Mr. Grindle.
Sir H. Lambert.
Sir H. Read.
Sir G. Fiddes.
Mr. Wood.
Mr. Churchill.
connection with
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481grad) (1. 4. READ
HONG KONG
CIRCULATION :—
Property
Peterson
Mr. Grindle
Sir H. Lambert
Sir II. Brad
Sur G. Fiddes
Mr. Churchill
Previous Paper
Considers that evidence produced at to his nationality is sufficient to
iables Co.
decision be reconsidered
I copy of letter on
13956, 26248 v
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716 Aug [FM
Subsequent Paper
(a) (377300) WL 4710/19 Gp. 163 40000 5:21 APA STEL.
This with each.
to for. saying that in her tires considers the perfety she be
Cleaxed.
copy without well to £72.
As the Puble Truster
Concerto
MINUTES.
MINUTES NOT TO BE WRITTE
ON THIS SIDE.
In any farther communiontran
this subject, please quote
No N 8378/927/15
and address.
wat to any person by nama,
The Under-Secretary of State,"
Foreign Office,
London, 8.W.1.
FOREIGN OFFICE.
Her 1 38625lay, 1921.
I am directed by the Marquese Curzon of Kedleston to
B.T refer to your letter No. 26269/1921 of 9th ultimo,
enquiring whether the Foreign office can confirm the statement that a man born in Germany of Danish parents is
not a German national.
2. Lord Curzon regrets that he is not in a position to
advise Mr. Churchill on this, which is a point of foreign
He is however strongly of opinion that the Danish
Minister would not have made a categorical statement to
the effect that Petersen was never a German national in
the following terms, "Petersen was never recognised in Germany as being of German nationality, and consequently did not lose it, never having had it", unless the Danish Government had previously assured themselves of the truth
of this statement.
3. Lord Curzon considers that the evidence already
produced should be considered as sufficient to justify
the release of the sequestered property, and this point of view is also expressed by the Public Trustee in his letter
of 19th instant, a copy of which is enclosed herewith.
4 I am to enquire whether in these circumstances the
Colonial Office can see their way to reconsider their
decision.
The Under Secretary of State,
Colonial Office.
REG 1 AUG 21
A copy of this letter is also being sent to the
Board of Trade.
Your most obedient,
humble Servant,
Emondovey
IN 8378/927/16)
PUBLIC TRUSTEE OFFICE,
KINGSWAY,
LONDON, W.0.2.
19th July, 1921.
TRADING WITH THE ENEMY.
Reference No. S.C.9866.
I am directed by the Custodian to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of the 7th instant, (your
reference N.7366/927/15), enclosing two Certificates as
to the Danish nationality of Mr. Petersen.
I am to state that the Custodian would, in a
similar case, if he received a Certificate from the
competent Danish Authority which was certified by the
Danish Minister as being conclusive evidence of Danish
nationality, especially when strengthened by a
Certificate from the German authorities that the
applicant was not and never had been treated as &
German national, accept the evidence as conclusive and
authorise a release of the property.
The Custodian regrets he cannot give a reference to
any case exactly on all fours with that of Mr. Petersen,
al though, of course, there are numerous oases in which a
person in Germany may be recognised as being a National
of a Neutral or Allied State under circumstances in which
such person would not under similar circumstances be in
a position to substantiate British nationality.
Under Secretary of State,
Foreign Office,
I am, etc.
(54.) P.F. Swain.
Principal Clerk.
70 38808/2
ntase to z
Hongkong
No. 28, of the
Milner's desp. No. 28,
27 th of Jan
capucio f
with tho
Harman of
Mr. Beckett
Mr. Grindle.
Sir H. Lambert.
Sir H. Read.
Sir G. Fiddes.
Mr. Wood.
Mr. Churchill,
-(13986)
Jo. B. 3.
3. to 9.6
the nationality of
Peterson, whe
release of
has applied for
his property
in the hands of the
gonemy Propert
the case
Custodian
Hongkong.
m the curceo
be Petersen's property showed
meleased
off. I without anell)
(Bignec?) WINSTON &. CHITOW”
HONG KONG
FOR CIRCULATION :—
11. Rubert
Mr. Cotties
Mr. Grindle
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Sir H. Brad
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Previous Paper
Japanese Agents
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the Colonis
transmits herewith cop
Foreign Office,
August 12" 2021.
Aude Secretary of Stak olar
and, by direction of the Secretary of State,
of the under-mentioned paper.
Reference to previous correspondence :
7.0. letter F1004/102/10 of Qpr.25.
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July, 19
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British Embassy,
July 1, 1981.
My Lord,
In reply to Your Lordship's despatch No.202 (F.1004-108-10) Confidential of the 6th April last enclosing a memorandum on the
subject of the activities of Japanese agents in China, I have the
honour to state that I have no observations in particular to make
on this document, the statements in which gorrespond generally
with the information in my own possession.
It is undoubtedly a feat that the Japanese Ter Office
or General Staff maintain an independent system of political
officers in China. Most of these are military men, attached
as advisors to the Central Goverment or to local authorities;
but there are probably also a number with roving commissions
and, in addition, a sub-stratum of political adventurers of
the "shina ronin' type alluded to on page eight of the memo-
Apart from the ostensible duties for which some of these
men are engaged, their functions are to act as Intelligence
Officers and propagandists. It is said that some are simply sent
to China with a vague instruction to do anything they think
likely to be to their country's advantage. It is obvious that
these various commissions must mean a good deal of 'fishing in
troubled waters'.
There is little doubt that the activities of these
individuals are at times extremely embarrassing to the Japanese
Foreign Office and a source of anxiety and trouble to their
Legation in Fexing.
The Right Honourable
The Marquis Curzon of Kedleston, K.G.,
Reliable
Reliable information as to the identity or the locality
of the Central Bureau mentioned on page 13 of the Memo, or as
to the source of the funds for the support of these agents is unobtainable; it may be, as is asserted in "Japan at the Cross Roads", that they are maintained from a fund built out of unexpended surpluses retained by the War Office, though officials in that Department assert that these surpluses are in fact re- turned to the Treasury and that every item of military expend-
iture must be strictly accounted for.
I am informed that the advisors at present attached to
Chang-Teac-Ling at Mukden are Colonel Henje, Lt. Oolonel Hachino,
and Major-General Kishi.
I have the honour to be, y Lord,
With the highest respect,
Your Lordship's most obedient,
humble Servant,
(Signed) C. ELIOT.
HONG KONG
R 13 JG 21
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Sir H. Rend
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Political activation in China
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R 13 JG 211
THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his
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transmits herewith cop of the under-mentioned paper.
Foreign Office,
Reference to previous correspondence :
Name and Date.
Description of Enclosure.
Subject.
Politial situation in
$. M. Minister China.
(Peking)
tel. No. 305 of Aug 5
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[This Document is the Property of His Britannie Majesty's Government, and should be returned to the Foreign Office if not required for official use.]
NO DISTRIEĦTION 2]]
Sir B. Alston. (Peking),
August 5th 1921.
2.25.p.m.
August 5th 1921.
9.30. a.m.
August 8th 1921.
Intelligence Report.
Fighting between Kwang-Tung and Kwang-Si having resulted in defeat of the latter has now been re-
sumed on Yangtze, and Hunan and Kueichow troops are attacking Hupi with avowed object of ousting Military Governor whom Premier refuses to remove.
Northward, reinforcements are being sent to Hang-Kow but much depends on attitude of their
Antu forces Commander Wu-Pei-Fu to whom defeat of
last year was principally due and who is believed to be himself in favour of provincial autonomy.
Military Governor Feng-Tien is negotiating arrangement with representative of the Far East Republic (whose troops occupied Urga on (? July 4th)) which may result in the Chinese expedition to Mongolia being dropped and leave him free to face menace from
Efforts are being made to float further internal loan but if hostilities develop it is difficult to see how the present Government can survive either financially or politically.
HONG KONG
12 August
FOR CIRCULATION :—
PER 15 AUG 21
Cassel Cool Convention
Mr. Grindle
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Mr. Churchill
Previous Paper
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tas copy corres with Sir Edprigg.
regard wit
Uney intresting, but I think
wa chu take
Is the way of comment, as we
Act ached 3.
rother cumprime
that thing
They have
Sunt it ora
officially ? Purly
9 openly.
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"EG 15 AUG 21j
THE Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his
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and, by direction of the Secretary of State,
transmits herewith copt of the under-mentioned paper.S
Foreign Office,
Reference to previous correspondence ;
Name and Date.
Sir E. Gyng (to Mr. Wellesley)
July 27.
Description of Enclosure.
To Sir E. Gingiz
Mr. Lampson) July 29.
Subject.
Cassel boal Concession.
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| 2789/1621/10).
10, Downing Street,
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Dear Wellesley,
Can you tell me anything about the "Cancel Concession" which is the subject of the attached artisle from the Hợg Menyblic? The Kanghester Guardian hasS
apparently bem saking it up, and this sort of propaganda must be doing great harm in the United
Yours sincerely,
(signed) 1,V,1. Origg.
Lit up. TEND
A sabing and xiêmessyED
HINTERLANDS IN CHINA.
Article by JOHN DEWAY,
'The New Republic', (New York), July 6, 1921, pp.162–165.
MAGAGANTWIK
HINT "HLANDS IN CHINA.
One of the two Presidents of China - it is unnecessary to
recently stated that a renewal of the Anglo- specify which –
In this division, Japanese alliance meant a partition of China. Japan would take the north and Great Britain the south. Probably the remark me not meant to be taken literally in the smne of
formal conquest or annexation, but rather symbolically with Byen 10. reference to the tendency of policies and events. statement will appear exaggerated or wild te persone outside of China who either believe that the Open Door policy is now irrevod- ably established or that Japan is the only foreign Power which
But a resent visit to the south revealed that China has to fear,
in that section, especially in Canton, the British occupy much the same position of suspicion and dread which is held by the Japanese in the north.
Upon the negative side, the Japanese menace is negligible in the province of Kwantung in which Canton is situated. There are said to be more Americans in Canton than Japanese, and the American colony is not extensive, Upon the positive side the
It history of the Cassell sellieries contract is instructive. illustrates the cause of the popular attitude toward the British, and quite possibly explains the bitterness in the remark quoted. The contract is noteworthy from whatever standpoint it is viewed, whether that of time, of the conditions it contains or of the circumstances which accompany it.
Promising that the contract delivers to a British company a monopoly of the rich coal deposits of the province for a period of ninety years and -quite incidentally of course- the right te use all means of transportation, water er rail, wharves and porta now in existence, and also to "construct, manage, superint end and work ether roads, railways, waterways as may be deemed advisable" - which reads like a monopoly of all further transportation
facilities,
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ellities of the province
first take up the time of the making
f the contract, It was drawn in April of last year and confirmed Yaw months later. It was made, of course, with the authorit the Kwantung province, subject to confirmation at Faking. ring this period, Ewantung province was governed by military arpet-baggere from the neighbouring province of Kwangsei, which as prastically alone of the southern provinses allied with the jrthern government, then under the control of the Anfu perty. It as matter of common knowledge that the people of Centon and of the Povings were bitterly hostile to this outside osntrol and sube
Civil strife for litted to it only because of military coercion.
the expulsion of the outsiders was already going on, continually aining headway, and a few months later the Kwangesi troops were afested and expelled from the province by the forces of General hen, now the civil governor of Kwantung, who received a triumphal
At this time the present ration upon his entrance into Canton, iative government was established, a change which made possible the
Jeturn of Sun Yat Sen and his followers from their exile in hanghai. It is evident, then, that the collieries contract giving way the natural resources of the people of the province, we know- Ingly made by a British company with a government which no more represented the people of the province than the military government. of Germany represented the people of Belgium during the war,
As to the terms of the contract, the statement that it gara the British company a monopoly of all the coal mines in the pESTÍNŮ has not literally securate. Yerbally, twenty-two districts are enumerated, But these are the districts along the lines of the
| only railways in the province and the only ones soon te be built, including the se yet uncompleted Kankow-Canten railway, Possibly this fact accounts for the anxiety of the British partners in t Consortium that the completion of this line be the first under taking financed by the Consortium, The document also include, is perhaps a novelty in legal documents having such a momente |«conomie importance, namely, the words "ete." after the dir
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morated by name,
For this concession, the British syndicate agreed to pay the rovincial government the sum of $1,000,000 (silver of course).
is million dollars is to bear six per cent interest to the orpany, and capital and interest are to be paid back to the ompany by the provincial government out of the dividenda (if any) The nature of these 'dividends' is set forth in it is to receive, In article which should receive the careful attention of promotors bisewhere as a model of the possibilities of exploiting contracts. The ten million capital is divided equally into "A" shares and
* shares. The "A" shares go unreservedly to the directors of the bompany and three millions of the "B" shares are to be allotted by
The other two
the directors of the company at their discretion,
million are again divided into equal portions, one portion repre- senting the sun advanced by the company to the province and to be
- one-tenth paid back as just specified, while the other million
is to be a trust fund the dividends of of the capitalization which are to go for the "Benefit of the poor people of the
But before provines” and for an educational fund for the province, any dividends are paid upon the "B" shares, eight per cent dividends are to be laid upon the "A" shares and a dollar a ton
These having any familiarity with the royalty upon all coal mined,
com) business with its usual royalty of about ten cents a ton can eneily onlculate the splendid prospects of the "poor people" and the schools, prospects which represent the total return to the
The contract also previnces of a concession of untold worth, guarantees to the company the assistance of the provincial government in expropriating the omers of all coal mines which
These have been granted to other companies but not yet worked, technical details make dry reading, but they throw light upon the spirit with which the British company underteck its predatory negotiations with a government renounced by the people it professed te govern, In comparison with the relatively orude methode of Japan in Shantung, they show the advantagea of wide business
experience,..............................
CHICKSOLO. I
Pa kad nð að smurfen -
£20= {#+èqas dua
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experience,
As for the circumstances and context which gire added menace Hong Kong, to the contract, the following facts are significant.
a British crow colony, lies directly opposite the river upon which Canton is situated. It is the port of expert and laport for the vast districts served by the mines and railmys of the
province. It is unnecessary te peint out the hold upen all economic development which is given through a monopolistic control of coal, It is hardly too much to say that the enforcement of the
in Hong Kong te control contract would enable British interests the entire industrich development of the most flourishing of the provinces of China, It would be a comparatively easy and in- expensive matter to previde the main land with a first clags
But such a port would tend to modern harbor and port near Canton, reduce the assets of Hong Kong to the possession of the most
There is already fear that a new beautiful sommery in the world, harbor will be built. Kany persons think that the concession of building such railways ato., "as are deemed advisable for the purpose of the business of the company and to improve those now existing" is the object of the contract, even more than the coal monopoly. For the British already own a considerable part of the maihtand, including part of the railway connecting the litteral with Canton. By building a cross-cut from the British owned portion of this railway to the Rankov-Canton line, the latter woul become virtually the Hankow-Hongkong line, and Canton would be a way-station, With the advantages thus secured, the project for building a new port could be indefinitely blocked,
During the period in which the contract was being seaured,
congress.....................
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congress of British Chambers of Commerce was
Shanghai,
Resolutions were passed in favor of abolishing henceforth the whole principle of special nationalistic concessions, and of co-
At the operating with the Chinese for the upbuilding of China, close of the meeting the Chairman announced that a new era for China had finally damed, All of the British newspapers in China
At the same time, Mr. lauded the wise action of the Chambers, Lament was in Paking, and was setting forth that the object of
the Consortium was the abolition of further concessions, and the uniting of the financial resources of the banke in the Censortium
By an ironical fer the monomio development of China itself, coincidence, the Hongkong-Shanghai Bank, which is the financial power behind the contract and the new company, is the leading
It is difficult to see how any British partner in the Consortium.
of the British can henceforth accuse the Japanese of bad faith if any of the banking interests of that country should enter upon independent negotiations with any goverment in China.
By the time the seene of action was transferred to Paking in order to secure the confirmation of the central government, the Aufu regine was no more, and as yet no confirmation has been
The new goverment at Canton has declined to recognise secured.
An official of the Hongkong the contract as having any validity. government has told an official of the Canton goverment that the Hongkong goverment stands behind the enforcement of the contract and that Kwantung province is a British Hinterland, within the last few weeks the Governer of Hongkong and a leading Chinese banker of
Rumours Hongkong who is a British subject have visited Paking.
were rife in the south as to the object of the visit. British sourous published the report that one object was to return Weihsiwed
to China – in case Peking agreed to turn over mere of the Kwantung mainland te Hengkong as a quid pro quo.
Chinese opinion
in the south was that one main object was to secure the Peking confirmation of the Cassell contract, in which sase 8900,000 more would be forthcoming, $100,000 having been paid down when the
contract..................
TOT 130 WER
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NOTIORET İzlomenit arið To unidimu
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yaretindi) ne, neiðan to siman add anĖS NAS LA Jnanovoj Iwinse vid la nottemitnes edt saucen of rebro
ones sad soltam:tinga on day 2 bre (OTOM OF Am eniger HEMA
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bd peonido yohasi s bus „kodinol to somsayed add nɔeɛw wat „qui¶ Dedinky svadí dostdur dal÷148 a 82 ode quodyna!! 11. „Jisk▼ efts to inoldo and of am drugs oil) at situ ozaw
NË TO PEAK zevo malý od bostas galieï seen at
FO CHEME
.oup org blue a v amoxfamoil os brziniam getur draw A 9% nát szosa od raw tvojɗo niam eno jadi som davon sưJ NI ju, both sera do tebi në goatings flezauð add to moldawitnes merr mrob bisq need gaivan 000,Juza zvnimoodizol ad biwew
Intraat was signed with the provincial government,
233 Peking do as
at recognize the present Genton government but regards it a6 AN
The crowd that signed the contract is still in control of c nei; hbering province of Kwangsel and they are relied upon by he north to affect the military subjugation of the seceded
ovince, Fighting has already, indeed, begun, but the Kwangsei llitarists are badly in need of money; if Peking ratifies the intraet, a large part of the funds will be paid over to them – 1 that isn't lost by the wayside to the northern militarists, santime British news agencies keep up a constant circulation of sporta tending to discredit the Kwantung government, although all apartial observers on the spot regard it as altogether the most romising one in China,
These considerations not only threw light on some of the
of afficulties spaken in a previous article concerning the function-
ng of the Consortium, but they give an indispensable background or judging the actual effect of the renewal of the Anglo- "panese alliance. By force of circumstances each government wan against its own wish, will be compelled to wink at the predatory policies of the other; and the tendency will be to breste a division of spheres of influence between the north and
The English south in order to avoid more direct conflicts, liberals who stand for the renewal of the alliance on the ground that it will enable England to exercise a cheek on Japanese policies, are,more naive than was Xr, Wilson with his belief in the separation of the economic and political control of Shantung. It cannot be too often repeated that the real point of friction between the United States and Japan is not in California but in China. It is silly unless it is calculated - for inglish authorities to keep repeating that under no circumstanceu docu the alliance mean that Great Britain would support Japan in a war with the United States, The day the alliance is renewed, the hands of the militarists in Japan will be strengthened and the hands of the liberals - already weak enough.. be still further
weakened............................
MUTINES 5.*J
146 say togvars. to encha
1915 head zi vi eď par 27
Comets swen doi
In sensoquenes, all the sources of friction in China the United States and Japan will be intensified, I de
But should it osme, the first ↑ believe in the predicted way,
1⁄2 of Japan «» sa uveryone in China believes – will be to asi za
js parts of northern China sud its railways in order to make sure
an uninterrupted supply of food and raw materiala. juld be justified as nosessary to national exist men, kitsin in allianss with Japan would be in ne position to protest The guarantee of suck anything but the mat perfunctory my, þontinense would be for Japen the next best thing to open naval
Fithout the guarantee they would not dare nd financial support.
he seizure of Chinese parts,
om themselves espable of unlimited stupidity. essible that the men in the British Foreign Office ure
In recent years diplomatists have
But it is not
ime on". 14 unələ
Lautoa el-
„monetiła spór
Sa „Ale nro 132 tunkuga e
10 jandao mis to suiɔlioq yaran
Netag som bitni Te ko%#dq# *o_mɔlmávið • *:
- do 17hmon Jo, the unga blown að sebrs at si
12 Lowaran add sol bande arte sim
ware of these elementary facts, If they ranow the allianse they knowingly take the responsibility for the consequences,
Poking, May 24th,
JOHN DAWX.
The Hey Gepublia, New York, Vol,XXVII No.544, July 6th, 1921,
pp.162–165.)
Pri marit .7
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PORAIGN OFICE, 2.5.1.
July 30th,1931.
wlton wat bepe entitë mundioram to a Prog
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„Rósa? "Crainoumin osveld to our
2789/1831/10).
Dear Origgio
Your letter of July 27th on the Cassel
As the bottom of the shale » ̧åtution there any lie a desire on the part of esrtain sections in severion to bank Jin Yat ven and his new 'outhern Government, aŭ jeu know, we have nevez resegnised any of the many southern göyəzamente there here boen einse the split in 1727 between morth and nuutha neitiez has the imited inten
Bez suiter ei fact, have quite recently Government, who, takes a very strong line in sưp outią, the elvins of the nortura Guvstament as opposed to these of the southern iɛ the matter of aertain customE ZOVEĽKOS váth the dataila of which I need not bother you, wr line hua been the practical ons of having dealings with the party in power so far sa neesseary to earry on everyday busineen, but
nothing more.
The netun】 facts regar.iâing the Gageal contract so
ir 3. Griss
far as known to us are given in the attached statement which has been put together on the papere which we have on our files. The actual text of the agreement has nevEZ
reached ust but I believe timt Kesara, katheson have a
copy and only yesterday, just prior to the receipt of your letter, I had a conversation with Sir Charles Addis, Kanager of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, who undertook to get them to take the matter up and give the true version of the scope of the concession.
The snake at the bottom of all the trouble is
clearly one Stevem, a pestilential fellow who is American Representative on the Consortium in china,
It was be who raked up the whole story when he was down in Canton last year, gave it every ounce of anti-British bins that he soulú, and has now evidently passed it on to Deway to be served up to the public.
To turn to the actual article, I vill make mush points as strike me, misbering them as I go to tally with the marginal numbers I have pensilled in on the
article itself.
1. Allased 123
sikrester. ve have tae
ASSUTENOJ Of Bir B.Alston that it is not monopolistio. Met from a dianussion which we have just had with kr. kaN,Leefe, of Kossza. Jardine, I am not quite sure on this point. Apparently the Company have (if the agreement is ratified) the right de prgansch over the sigle „rovince, with a view to the demarcation of specified areas for artuah sining later if they find coal. I think we may perhaps have to deal moze fully with this later, but there is something in the argument Fr.Leefe used tist withent some ininsement the Company would not be expected to take this thẳng up at all and sink their money in it.
nu Asul 4 d.
quite true but there was at the time ne other doreziment ia Kuangtung with when to negotiate. Yem can only desi with the de facto party in power at the nosers; and in way ease ratifiestion by the Central Goverment at raking was stipulated for, As we know it hus not yet been aesorded and the predators are now in negotiation with the present local deverment (1...t. Jun Yat 3on and his pespia).
of eontract. It is hari to offer useful comment on this without the text of the agreement before us, but I see from one of our papere that Cassel talks of prospecting in only fixe of the districts specified. But after all it is obvious that no one is going to BĂnit good money in China in its present state of tar¬sil unlesu
it is made worth his while. The Americans themselves
would be the last people to de so, it has of course
absolutely no cannection with the Canton-Hankow railmy project or the linking up of that line with the Hongkongm Canten sailway. It shows how jwundleed is the American
vier that such a suggestion should be seriously made.
4. Thrilling of Avantung by Jengkets. The same point of view is shown by the remarks under this bonding. Bongker.
is obviously vitally interested in the development of
South China generally and of Kwangtung in particular. But
it is a matter of common knowledge that in the absence of any good source of lesai soxă supply, the Colony (and the Province of Kwangtung too for that matter) have to obtain their supplies from elsewhere, I believe actually from the North, I believe I am right in saying that it has to come
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w‡ gu maria ni watu 19
Antal climate (Inimivde så